gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Determining the Optimal Timeout Values for a Power-Managed System based on the Theory of Markovian Processes: Offline and Online Algorithms (2006)

This paper presents a timeout-driven DPM technique which relies on the theory of Markovian processes. The objective is to determine the energy-optimal timeout values for a system with multiple power saving states while satisfying a set of user defined performance constraints. More precisely, a controllable Markovian process is exploited to model the power management behavior of a system under the control of a timeout policy. Starting with this model, a perturbation analysis technique is applied to develop an offline gradient-based approach to determine the optimal timeout values. Online implementation of this technique for a system with dynamically-varying system parameters is also described. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Introduction Dynamic power management (DPM), which refers to selective shut-off or slow-down of components that are idle or underutilized, has proven to be a particularly effective technique for reducing power dissipation in such systems. In the literature, various DPM techniques have been proposed, from heuristic methods presented in early works [ 1][ 2] to stochastic optimization approaches [ 3][ 4]. Among the heuristic DPM methods, the timeout policy is the most widely used approach in industry and has been implemented in many operating systems. Examples include the power management scheme incorporated into the Windows system, the low-power saving mode of the IEEE 802.11a-g protocol for wireless LAN card, and the enhanced adaptive battery life extender (EABLE) for the Hitachi disk drive. Most of these industrial DPM techniques provide mechanisms to adjust the timeout values at the user level.
Multiple Time Scale Regulation and Worst Case Processes for ATM Network Control (2005)

We consider the composite of several conventional Leaky Bucket traffic regulators, one for each time scale. Over longer time scales the enforcement of traffic to the mean is less stringent, in so far as the bucket is larger, while the mean rate is smaller. The regulated process is required to be compliant with all the Leaky Bucket regulators in the composite. Traffic sources are assumed to be mutually independent but otherwise adversarial to the utmost extent permit­ ted by regulators. Small losses are allowed in access­ ing the shared unbuffered network resource. Vie rely on the Chernoff bound, which also gives an asymp­ totic, large deviations approximation, to estimate the loss probability. We show that independent, regu­ lated traffic processes which maximize the estimate of the loss probability are periodic, on-off processes with random phases. Importantly, this loss probabil­
Feature point Detection in Blurred Images. (1998)

Feature point (FP) detection is an important pre-processing step in image registration, data fusion, object recognition and in many other tasks. This paper deals with multiframe FP detection, i.e. detection in two or more images of the same scene which are supposed to be blurred, noisy, rotated and shifted with respect to each other. We present a new method invariant under rotation that can handle di erently blurred images. Thanks to this, the point sets extracted from di erent frames have relatively high number of common elements. This property is highly desirable for further multiframe processing. The performance of the method is demonstrated experimentally on satellite images.
Gastric stimulation: influence of electrical parameters on gastric emptying in control and diabetic rats (2002)

Although both pulse frequency and amplitude should be considered during GS, frequency appears to be the most critical point. The possibility of increasing gastric emptying by electrical stimulation in diabetic rats suggests potential clinical applications for this method.
Broadband dual-polarized patch antennas fed by capacitively coupled feed and slot-coupled feed (2002)

Designs of broadband dual-polarized patch antennas fed by promising feed structures of a capacitively coupled feed and a slot-coupled feed (antenna A), two capacitively coupled feeds of a 180/spl deg/ phase shift and a slot-coupled feed (antenna B), and two capacitively coupled feeds of a 180/spl deg/ phase shift and two slot-coupled feeds (antenna C) are proposed and experimentally studied. The first two feed designs are for the excitation of a single-element broadband patch antenna, while the last design is for a two-element broadband patch antenna. These proposed patch antennas have a thick air substrate, and the 10 dB return-loss impedance bandwidths obtained for the two polarizations are all greater than 13%. High isolation (<-30 dB for antenna A, <-32 dB for antenna B, <-35 dB for antenna C) between the two feeding ports for the entire impedance bandwidth of the proposed antennas can be obtained. Also, improved cross-polarization levels (>20 dB) in both E and H plane patterns for the two polarizations of antennas B and C are achieved.
Carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur diet–tissue discrimination in mouse tissues (2005)

Stable-isotope ratios are increasingly being used to examine ecological questions pertaining to dietary choices, physiological status, and animal migration. It has been shown that animal tissues reflect the isotopic signature present in food, altered by a small reproducible fractionation value. The average diet–tissue discrimination for δ 13 C and δ 15 N is approximately 1‰ and 3‰, respectively, although the degree of diet–tissue discrimination may be affected by a range of factors and vary between organisms and tissue types. Although the average δ 34 S is approximately zero, the sulfur diet–tissue discrimination values have only been determined for a few organisms. It is necessary to determine accurate diet–tissue discrimination values between tissue and dietary components to have confidence in any food-web study or determination of diet quality. In this paper, we determine carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur diet–tissue discrimination values for whole blood, liver, skeletal muscle, heart, brain, and fat (carbon only) from adult mice (Mus musculus L., 1758) equilibrated on three diets with unique isotopic signatures for carbohydrate carbon and for protein carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur. These data will aid researchers in choosing tissues to be used to examine food-web changes over time.
Dielectric enhancement due to geometrical and electrochemical effects (1984)

The conductivity and dielectric constant of water-filled rocks depend on geometrical and interfacial effects. The grain shape determines both Archie's exponent for the d.c. conductivity and the frequency dependent dielectric constant. Large values of dielectric constant can arise from platey grains. Platey grains also lead to large frequency and salinity dependences of the dielectric constant. Interfacial effects are particularly important in clayey systems.
Identification of a celE-binding protein and its potential role in induction of the celE gene in Thermomonospora fusca (1988)

Thermomonospora fusca cellulase E5 is encoded by the celE gene. This gene appears to be regulated at the transcriptional level by both induction and repression, and three putative closely linked promoters have been located by S1 mapping. To study its regulatory mechanism, a gel retardation assay was used to identify a protein in T. fusca cell extracts that interacted specifically with the DNA fragment containing the celE promoters. It was found that the binding activity appeared only when cellulase synthesis was induced, and it therefore resembled an activator protein involved in cellulase induction. DNase I footprinting identified the target sequence for this protein as a 21-base-pair sequence downstream from the putative celE promoters. The level of this protein was measured in two cellulase constitutive mutants, and the results suggest a complex control for celE induction.
Design of a time-of-flight range-finder (2003)

Described is the extension of an ongoing research project to build a pulsed time-of-flight (TOF) laser radar device for use in measuring moderately close objects. Although laser based range-finders do not represent a new area of research, they provide an excellent opportunity for undergraduates to enter the area of optoelectronic and electronic system design. In this paper, the authors show how such a project can be realized by presenting technical and nontechnical obstacles that are specifically related to design in the context of an educational experience. This electrical engineering senior design project allows a team of two students to develop useful teamwork skills in addition to providing a rewarding design and research experience. The goals of the project are to design, build and test a pulsed transmitter optoelectronic receiver, and time to voltage converter (TVC). The final system will be a single standalone device designed for both technical and nontechnical users. The authors have targeted an observance distance in the 15 to 75 meter range. Their system uses a laser pulse's round trip time of flight to determine the distance a target is away from the observer. The system will be portable and temperature compensated for operation between 50/spl deg/F and 80/spl deg/F. This device is designed for application in the recreational bow-hunting area.
Multi-image Blind Deblurring Using a Coupled Adaptive Sparse Prior (2013)

This paper presents a robust algorithm for estimating a single latent sharp image given multiple blurry and/or noisy observations. The underlying multi-image blind deconvolution problem is solved by linking all of the observations together via a Bayesian-inspired penalty function which couples the unknown latent image, blur kernels, and noise levels together in a unique way. This coupled penalty function enjoys a number of desirable properties, including a mechanism whereby the relative-concavity or shape is adapted as a function of the intrinsic quality of each blurry observation. In this way, higher quality observations may automatically contribute more to the final estimate than heavily degraded ones. The resulting algorithm, which requires no essential tuning parameters, can recover a high quality image from a set of observations containing potentially both blurry and noisy examples, without knowing a priori the degradation type of each observation. Experimental results on both synthetic and real-world test images clearly demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method.
Using private label credit cards as a loyalty tool (2006)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effectiveness of retail private‐label credit cards in a crowded marketplace. It offers ideas, citing examples from successful retailers, for improving the effectiveness of credit cards as a loyalty tool. Design/methodology/approach The paper examines the strategy behind Gap Inc.'s private label credit card, which allows customers to earn rewards for shopping at Gap, Banana Republic and Old Navy stores. It also examines other retail card programs, including quotes from program leaders who share their ideas. Findings Statistics are cited which indicate how crowded the marketplace currently is for private label credit cards. By closely examining successful credit card programs, and by interviewing industry leaders, the importance of competitive differentiation in this marketplace is proved. Practical implications The reader will walk away with some specific ideas for improving the effectiveness of their private label credit card program. Armed with the knowledge of the scope and size of the private label credit card market, readers should gain insight that will improve their decision making about their own program. Originality/value The paper takes a look at how private label credit cards are currently used as loyalty marketing tools, and follows with suggestions on how to incorporate the strategies of some major retailers into existing programs.
Effects of bake temperature and surface modifications on hardmask materials for trilayer applications (2008)

A comparison of bake temperature effects on two hardmask materials was performed. The first hardmask was a silicon-based material, BSI.M06092K, and the second was a titanium-based material, BSI.S07051. The materials have inherently different chemistries that performed differently as bake temperature was varied. BSI.M06092K undergoes condensation of silanols on the wafer during baking and BSI.S07051 undergoes removal of the ligand followed by condensation during baking. In general, the performance of BSI.M06092K showed little or no dependency on bake temperature. BSI.S07051 showed an increase in contact angle with water, slower etch rates, and square profiles as bake temperature increased.
GroEL-GroES-mediated protein folding requires an intact central cavity (1998)

The chaperonin GroEL is an oligomeric double ring structure that, together with the cochaperonin GroES, assists protein folding. Biochemical analyses indicate that folding occurs in a cis ternary complex in which substrate is sequestered within the GroEL central cavity underneath GroES. Recently, however, studies of GroEL "minichaperones" containing only the apical substrate binding subdomain have questioned the functional importance of substrate encapsulation within GroEL-GroES complexes. Minichaperones were reported to assist folding despite the fact that they are monomeric and therefore cannot form a central cavity. Here we compare directly the folding activity of minichaperones with that of the full GroEL-GroES system. In agreement with earlier studies, minichaperones assist folding of some proteins. However, this effect is observed only under conditions where substantial spontaneous folding is also observed and is indistinguishable from that resulting from addition of the nonchaperone protein alpha-casein. By contrast, the full GroE system efficiently promotes folding of several substrates under conditions where essentially no spontaneous folding is observed. These data argue that the full GroEL folding activity requires the intact GroEL-GroES complex, and in light of previous studies, underscore the importance of substrate encapsulation for providing a folding environment distinct from the bulk solution.
A Sensitized Europium Complex Generated by Micromolar Concentrations of Copper(I):  Toward the Detection of Copper(I) in Biology (2006)

Formation of a luminescent device by the Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction between a Eu(III) complex and dansyl azide is reported. This reaction is catalyzed by a common biological copper(I) complex [GS--Cu(I)], and the resultant copper(I) catalytic sensor shows a 10-fold enhancement of europium luminescence emission.
Mean-Variance Portfolio Optimization : Challenging the role of traditional covariance estimation (2016)

Ever since its introduction in 1952, the Mean-Variance (MV) portfolio selection theory has remained a centerpiece within the realm of e_cient asset allocation. However, in scienti_c circles, the theory has stirred controversy. A strand of criticism has emerged that points to the phenomenon that Mean-Variance Optimization su_ers from the severe drawback of estimation errors contained in the expected return vector and the covariance matrix, resulting in portfolios that may signi_cantly deviate from the true optimal portfolio. While a substantial amount of e_ort has been devoted to estimating the expected return vector in this context, much less is written about the covariance matrix input. In recent times, however, research that points to the importance of the covariance matrix in MV optimization has emerged. As a result, there has been a growing interest whether MV optimization can be enhanced by improving the estimate of the covariance matrix. Hence, this thesis was set forth by the purpose to investigate whether nancial practitioners and institutions can allocate portfolios consisting of assets in a more e_cient manner by changing the covariance matrix input in mean-variance optimization. In the quest of chieving this purpose, an out-of-sample analysis of MV optimized portfolios was performed, where the performance of ve prominent covariance matrix estimators were compared, holding all other things equal in the MV optimization. The optimization was performed under realistic investment constraints, taking incurred transaction costs into account, and for an investment asset universe ranging from equity to bonds. The empirical _ndings in this study suggest one dominant estimator: the covariance matrix estimator implied by the Gerber Statistic (GS). Speci_cally, by using this covariance matrix estimator in lieu of the traditional sample covariance matrix, the MV optimization rendered more e_cient portfolios in terms of higher Sharpe ratios, higher risk-adjusted returns and lower maximum drawdowns. The outperformance was protruding during recessionary times. This suggests that an investor that employs traditional MVO in quantitative asset allocation can improve their asset picking abilities by changing to the, in theory, more robust GS ovariance matrix estimator in times of volatile nancial markets.
Development of a Clod Separator for Potato Packing Houses (1985)

ABSTRACT AN investigation was conducted with an experimental unit to separate clods from potatoes using the difference in their rebound trajectories. Both potatoes and clods were dropped from a feed conveyor onto a revolving steel roller and separated by an adjustable divider. The drop height was limited to 250 mm in order to prevent potato damage. The effects of roller and divider adjustment on separation efficiency were determined in relation to potato and clod size. The data were used to develop a two-stage separator for potato packing houses. Test results are presented using this machine as a precleaner in a packing house. In addition to the clods most of the loose stems and rotten tubers were also separated. A simulation model was used to study the relationship between the size distribution of the feed material and the correct separator adjustments.
Computerized Training and Proficiency Testing (1998)

A reliable method of correlating daily competency with results on PT is not yet established. Methods may evolve ever time using new technologies. The use of computerized techniques and images for assessment will require careful deliberation by experts as well as validation by practicing cytologists. Variables include diagnostic categories for testing, numbers of challenges per testing event, types of slide preparations and characteristics of the digital images. Availability of equipment and staff will affect the introduction of new technologies in different regions.
Fiber temperature sensor for high-pressure environment (2005)

We describe a fiber optic extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometer EFPI based temperature sensor that incorporates a pressure isolation fixture. The sensor has high temperature sensitivity and low pressure- induced crosstalk. The detailed analysis and discussion of the sensor design, the signal demodulation algorithm, and the sensor fabrication as well as the sensor performance are presented. © 2005 Society of Photo-Optical
Initial Feasibility and Acceptability of a Comprehensive Intervention for Methamphetamine-Using Pregnant Women in South Africa (2014)

The purpose of the present study was to determine the feasibility, acceptability, and initial efficacy of a women-focused intervention addressing methamphetamine use and HIV sexual risk among pregnant women in Cape Town, South Africa. A two-group randomized pilot study was conducted, comparing a women-focused intervention for methamphetamine use and related sexual risk behaviors to a psychoeducational condition. Participants were pregnant women who used methamphetamine regularly, had unprotected sex in the prior month, and were HIV-negative. Primary maternal outcomes were methamphetamine use in the past 30 days, frequency of unprotected sexual acts in the past 30 days, and number of antenatal obstetrical appointments attended. Primary neonatal outcomes were length of hospital stay, birth weight, and gestational age at delivery. Of the 57 women initially potentially eligible, only 4 declined to participate. Of the 36 women who were eligible and enrolled, 92% completed all four intervention sessions. Women in both conditions significantly reduced their methamphetamine use and number of unprotected sex acts. Therefore, delivering comprehensive interventions to address methamphetamine use and HIV risk behaviors among methamphetamine-using pregnant women is feasible in South Africa. Further testing of these interventions is needed to address methamphetamine use in this vulnerable population.
Oxidative stability of wax esters by thermogravimetric analysis (1979)

Abstract Relative oxidative stabilities of sperm whale oil and eight wax ester preparations were determined by comparing oxygen uptake profiles that had been corrected for ester volatility. Wax esters with unsaturation near the ester bond, even though more volatile, are as stable toward oxidation as those with double bonds near the center of each aliphatic chain.
The Alarmin HMGN1 Contributes to Antitumor Immunity and Is a Potent Immunoadjuvant (2014)

Alarmins are endogenous mediators that are elicited rapidly in response to danger signals, enhancing innate and adaptive immune responses by promoting the recruitment and maturation of antigen-presenting cells (APC). The nucleosome-binding protein HMGN1 is a potent alarmin that binds TLR4 and induces antigen-specific Th1 immune responses, but its contributions to antitumor immunity have not been explored. We found that ovalbumin (OVA)-expressing EG7 mouse thymoma cells grew much faster in Hmgn1-deficient mice than littermate-matched controls. Tumor-bearing Hmgn1(-/-) mice generated fewer OVA-specific CD8 cells in the spleen than EG7-bearing Hmgn1(+/+) mice, suggesting that HMGN1 supported T cell-mediated antitumor immunity. In addition, EG7 tumors expressing HMGN1 grew more slowly than control EG7 tumors, suggesting greater resistance to HMGN1-expressing tumors. This resistance relied on T cell-mediated immunity because it was abolished by in vivo depletion of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. Moreover, mice vaccinated with a DNA vector expressing an HMGN1-gp100 fusion protein manifested gp100-specific, Th1-polarized immune responses, acquiring resistance to challenge with mouse B16F1 melanoma. Overall, our findings show that HMGN1 contributes to antitumor immunity and it may offer an effective adjuvant to heighten responses to cancer vaccines.
FIELD-INDUCED SURFACE REARRANGEMENT IN A FIELD-ION MICROSCOPE (1970)

Adsorption of nitrogen on tungsten at 78°K was studied in a field-ion microscope equipped with a channel-plate image intensifier. Field-induced surface rearrangement was observed using argon as the image gas. The changes in the field-ion pattern are attributed to surface diffusion of tungsten-nitrogen complexes.