gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Static recrystallization and hot ductility of molybdenum- and nitrogen- alloyed austenitic stainless steels in association with two- and multistep deformation (1986)

The kinetics of static recrystallization in connection with two-step deformations have been studied for an austenitic stainless steel of type DIN Wnr. 1·4439 (18Cr–12Ni–4·4Mo–0·2N) by hot compression testing. Experiments were performed on both wrought and cast materials to total strains in the range ε = 0·20−0·40 and at temperatures of 1050 and 1150°C. The results show that an increased pause time between the two deformation steps increases the time for achieving a given fraction recrystallized as compared to that for a single deformation performed with the same strain. The reason for this is an increased amount of softening with increasing pause time, i.e. a lower driving force for recrystallization. Using a model for recovery, the temperature and strain dependence of the fraction recrystallized could be calculated with high accuracy. A model has also been developed for calculation of the fraction recrystallized during multipass deformation and for continuous cooling conditions. The hot ductility was determined for AISI 316L, AISI 316LN, and DIN Wnr. 1·4439 at temperatures between 1050 and 1250°C. The results show a reduced hot ductility with increasing molybdenum and nitrogen contents in the steel. Experiments were also performed for DIN Wnr. 1·4439 to examine the effect of a pause time on the hot ductility. Increasing fractions recrystallized during the pause time improved the hot ductility up to about 50%. An analysis is presented of how hold times should be introduced into a rolling schedule to maximize the fraction recrystallized and thereby enhance the hot ductility.MST/359
Soil sampling with drones and augmented reality in precision agriculture (2018)

Soil sampling is an important tool to gather information for making proper decisions regarding the fertilization of fields. Depending on the national regulations, the minimum frequency may be once per five years and spatially every ten hectares. For precision farming purposes, this is not sufficient. In precision farming, the challenge is to collect the samples from such regions that are internally consistent while limiting the number of samples required. For this purpose, management zones are used to divide the field into smaller regions. This article presents a novel approach to automatically determine the locations for soil samples based on a soil map created from drone imaging after ploughing, and a wearable augmented reality technology to guide the user to the generated sample points. Finally, the article presents the results of a demonstration carried out in southern Finland.
FPGA-Based High-Performance Parallel Architecture for Homomorphic Computing on Encrypted Data (2019)

Homomorphic encryption is a tool that enables computation on encrypted data and thus has applications in privacy-preserving cloud computing. Though conceptually amazing, implementation of homomorphic encryption is very challenging and typically software implementations on general purpose computers are extremely slow. In this paper we present our year long effort to design a domain specific architecture in a heterogeneous Arm+FPGA platform to accelerate homomorphic computing on encrypted data. We design a custom co-processor for the computationally expensive operations of the well-known Fan-Vercauteren (FV) homomorphic encryption scheme on the FPGA, and make the Arm processor a server for executing different homomorphic applications in the cloud, using this FPGA-based co-processor. We use the most recent arithmetic and algorithmic optimization techniques and perform designspace exploration on different levels of the implementation hierarchy. In particular we apply circuit-level and block-level pipeline strategies to boost the clock frequency and increase the throughput respectively. To reduce computation latency, we use parallel processing at all levels. Starting from the highly optimized building blocks, we gradually build our multi-core multi-processor architecture for computing. We implemented and tested our optimized domain specific programmable architecture on a single Xilinx Zynq UltraScale+ MPSoC ZCU102 Evaluation Kit. At 200 MHz FPGA-clock, our implementation achieves over 13x speedup with respect to a highly optimized software implementation of the FV homomorphic encryption scheme on an Intel i5 processor running at 1.8 GHz.
Quantization Noise (2008)

If you are working in digital signal processing, control or numerical analysis, you will find this authoritative analysis of quantization noise (roundoff error) invaluable. Do you know where the theory of quantization noise comes from, and under what circumstances it is true? Get answers to these and other important practical questions from expert authors, including the founder of the field and formulator of the theory of quantization noise, Bernard Widrow. The authors describe and analyze uniform quantization, floating-point quantization, and their applications in detail. Key features include: • Analysis of floating point round off • Dither techniques and implementation issues analyzed • Offers heuristic explanations along with rigorous proofs, making it easy to understand 'why' before the mathematical proof is given.
A Monolithic 8-Bit Video A/D Converter (1984)

A monolithic 8-bit two-step flash type A/D converter has been designed. To obtain full resolution and good linearity at high frequencies, a double folding analog signal processing system is used. Delay time errors between the coarse and the fine quantizes used can be corrected for in this system. An on-chip input amplifier allows adjustment of the input sensitivity with a high input impedance and a low input capacitance. the 3 x 4.2 mm/sup 2/ chip made in a standard bipolar technology consumes 100 mA from a 5.2 V supply.
Storage assignment optimizations through variable coalescence for embedded processors (2003)

Modern embedded processors with dedicated address generation unit support memory access with indirect addressing mode with auto-increment and decrement. The auto-increment/decrement mode saves address arithmetic instructions.Liao et al [2][3] categorized this problem as simple offset assignment (SOA) problem and general offset assignment (GOA) problem, which involve storage layout of variables and assignment of address registers respectively proposing heuristic solutions. Later work [6][7] proposed improvements in the performance of Liao's solution by undertaking program and storage transformations that affect access sequence.The algorithms are incorporated into and evaluated on the commercial compiler provided by Motorola to boost code generation performance on the DSP 56k chip. Compared to previous approaches, variable coalescence with program reordering reduces SOA costs by 48% and GOA (2AR) costs by 66% for Mediabench and SPEC benchmarks. Moreover, we show that our approach obtains theoretically optimal solution (zero cost) for the GOA problem in 87% of the cases with just 2 address registers and in 94% of the cases with 3 address registers.
Anti-inflammatory Effects of Extracellular Cyclosporins Are Exclusively Mediated by CD147 (2013)

Leukocyte trafficking and recruitment is a critical process in host immune surveillance and in inflammatory diseases. Extracellular cyclophilins (eCyps) have been identified as a novel class of chemotactic mediators. The impact of eCyp/CD147 interactions for the recruitment of leukocytes during inflammation was analyzed using a structurally simplified cell-impermeable eCyp inhibitor. This compound was highly effective at inhibiting leukocyte migration toward CypA in vitro as well as in the recruitment of leukocytes during inflammation in a mouse model of experimentally induced peritonitis and delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction. By using CD147-/- mice in combination with the cell-impermeable eCyp inhibitor, we were able to show that the action of eCyps in inflammation is exclusively mediated by interaction with CD147. Our findings suggest that blocking eCyps may be an effective therapeutic target for reducing inflammatory diseases associated with leukocyte recruitment.
Real-time UHD scalable multi-layer HEVC encoder architecture (2016)

The High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard enables meeting new video quality demands such as Ultra High Definition (UHD). Its scalable extension (SHVC) allows encoding simultaneously different versions of a video, organised in layers. Thanks to inter-layer predictions, SHVC provides bit-rate savings over an equivalent HEVC simulcast encoding. Therefore, SHVC seems a promising solution for both broadcast and storage purposes. This paper proposes a multi-layer architecture of a pipeline of software HEVC encoder to perform real-time UHD spatially-scalable SHVC encoding. Inter-layer predictions are furthermore implemented to provide bit-rate savings with a minimum impact on complexity. The proposed architecture provides a good trade-off between coding gains and coding speed achieving real-time performance for 1080p60 and 1600p30 sequences in 2× spatial scalability. Moreover, experimental results show more than a 1000× speed-up compared to the SHVC reference software (SHM) and an introduced delay only reaching 14% of the equivalent HEVC coding speed.
Low-cost fibre fabrication (1989)

Abstract Fabrication based on the vapour-phase reaction technique has proven to be the most cost-effective method for producing low-loss optical fibres. This is particularly true for silica-based materials and is now being investigated for fluoride-based glasses. The advantages accrue not only from the purity possible but from the flexibility of the process. This enables complex refractive-index structures to be fabricated that allow enhanced system performance. Advances toward low-cost fabrication have been made in all major processing techniques during the past few years. A review of the current status is presented.
Advances in Laboratory Methods for Detection and Typing of Norovirus (2014)

Human noroviruses are the leading cause of epidemic and sporadic gastroenteritis across all age groups. Although the disease is usually self-limiting, in the United States norovirus gastroenteritis causes an estimated 56,000 to 71,000 hospitalizations and 570 to 800 deaths each year. This minireview describes the latest data on laboratory methods (molecular, immunological) for norovirus detection, including real-time reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and commercially available immunological assays as well as the latest FDA-cleared multi-gastrointestinal-pathogen platforms. In addition, an overview is provided on the latest nomenclature and molecular epidemiology of human noroviruses.
Randomized Trial of Cytoreduction and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy Versus Systemic Chemotherapy and Palliative Surgery in Patients With Peritoneal Carcinomatosis of Colorectal Cancer (2003)

Cytoreduction followed by HIPEC improves survival in patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal origin. However, patients with involvement of six or more regions of the abdominal cavity, or grossly incomplete cytoreduction, had still a grave prognosis.
Antibiotic-Impregnated Fibrin Glue in Ocular Surgery:In vitro Antibacterial Activity (1998)

A strategy to reduce postoperative ocular infections might consist in maintaining a high antibiotic concentration in the eye by using a topical slow-release drug formulation. Fibrin glue is widely used in ocular surgery. Vancomycin, teicoplanin, cephalothin and gentamicin were added to a 500 IU/ml thrombin solution, their concentrations in 1 g fibrin glue being 500 microg for vancomycin and 400 microg for the other drugs. The in vitro antibacterial activity of antibiotic-impregnated fibrin glue was evaluated against a recent clinical isolate of Staphylococcus epidermidis. Moreover the antibiotic elution from fibrin discs in saline was assayed for up to 96 h. Fibrin glue properties were maintained when thrombin was reconstituted with a CaCl2 solution additioned with the antibiotics tested. All antibiotic fibrin mixtures exhibited good antistaphylococcal activity immediately after the preparation. A prolonged inhibition (4 days) of S. epidermidis growth was observed with teicoplanin discs. Gentamicin and teicoplanin levels were higher than those of the other antibiotics. The results suggest that the fibrin glycopeptide and/or gentamicin mixtures can be used, both prophylactically and therapeutically, in ocular surgery.
Non-linear scattering from microbubble contrast agents in the 14-40 MHz range (2002)

The non-linear scattering properties of microbubble contrast agents in the 14-40 MHz frequency range are investigated. Experiments were conducted as a function of pressure for two agents (Definity/sup TM/ and Optison/sup TM/) and polystyrene microbeads as control scatterers. For Definity/sup TM/, subharmonic (0.5f/sub 0/) and ultraharmonic (1.5f/sub 0/) scattering was substantial and strongly dependent on pressure up to 26 MHz. Optison/sup TM/ also exhibited sub- and ultraharmonic scattering, but these effects were weaker and found to persist up to 22 MHz. Second harmonic (2f/sub 0/) scattering for Definity/sup TM/, Optison/sup TM/ and the microbeads was strong and increased with pressure suggesting a significant component of 2f/sub 0/ agent signal was due to non-linear propagation. However, the ratio of 2f/sub 0/ to f/sub 0/ scattering was higher for agent than for microbeads (20 dB for Definity/sup TM/) after correcting for frequency dependent microbead scattering. A test for bubble destruction at 20 MHz revealed that a significant subpopulation of bubbles could be disrupted. We conclude that non-linear scattering can be produced with high frequency ultrasound technology and currently available agents. This suggests the possibility of implementing non-linear detection and destruction techniques at high frequencies.
Optical detection for droplet size control in microfluidic droplet-based analysis systems (2005)

We report for the first time a hybrid polymeric microfluidic device with optical detection for microfluidic droplet-based systems. The device consists of a fluidic part and an optical part. Microchannels were fabricated using CO/sub 2/ laser. The microfluidic part consists of two microchannels for forming droplets of an aqueous liquid in an immiscible carrier liquid. The optical part consists of two optical fiber for light emission and light detection. Microdroplets are formed, when the aqueous liquid is injected into the carrier flow. The formed bubbles pass the optical detection and diffract some of the incoming light. The detected signal from the other optical fiber can be evaluated for droplet size, droplet shape, and droplet formation frequency.
Host-Pathogen Interactions (1986)

Recent studies have demonstrated that an apparently homogeneous preparation of an alpha-1,4-d-endopolygalacturonic acid lyase (EC 4.2.2.2) isolated from the phytopathogenic bacterium Erwinia carotovora induced phytoalexin accumulation in cotyledons of soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr. cv Wayne) and that this pectin-degrading enzyme released heat-stable elicitors of phytoalexins from soybean cell walls, citrus pectin, and sodium polypectate (KR Davis et al. 1984 Plant Physiol 74: 52-60). The present paper reports the purification, by anion-exchange chromatography on QAE-Sephadex columns followed by gel-permeation chromatography on a Bio-Gel P-6 column, of the two fractions with highest specific elicitor activity present in a crude elicitor-preparation obtained by lyase treatment of sodium polypectate. Structural analysis of the fraction with highest specific elicitor activity indicated that the major, if not only, component was a decasaccharide of alpha-1,4-d-galactosyluronic acid that contained the expected product of lyase cleavage, 4-deoxy-beta-l-5-threohexopyranos-4-enyluronic acid (4,5-unsaturated galactosyluronic acid), at the nonreducing terminus. This modified decagalacturonide fraction exhibited half-maximum and maximum elicitor activity at 1 microgram/cotyledon (6 micromolar) and 5 micrograms/cotyledon (32 micromolar) galactosyluronic acid equivalents, respectively. Reducing 90 to 95% of the carboxyl groups of the galactosyluronic acid residues abolished the elicitor activity of the decagalacturonide fraction. The second most elicitor-active fraction contained mostly undeca-alpha-1,4-d-galactosyluronic acid that contained 4,5-unsaturated galactosyluronic acid at the nonreducing termini. This fraction exhibited half-maximum and maximum elicitor activity at approximately 3 micrograms/cotyledon (17 micromolar) and 6 micrograms/cotyledon (34 micromolar) galactosyluronic acid equivalents, respectively. These results confirm and extend previous observations that oligogalacturonides derived from the pectic polysaccharides of plant cell walls can serve as regulatory molecules that induce phytoalexin accumulation in soybean. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that oligogalacturonides play a role in disease resistance in plants.
Multiparametric photoacoustic microscopy of the mouse brain with 300-kHz A-line rate (2016)

Enabling simultaneous high-resolution imaging of the total concentration of hemoglobin ([Formula: see text]), oxygen saturation of hemoglobin ([Formula: see text]), and cerebral blood flow (CBF), multiparametric photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) holds the potential to quantify the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen at the microscopic level. However, its imaging speed has been severely limited by the pulse repetition rate of the dual-wavelength photoacoustic excitation and the scanning mechanism. To address these limitations, we have developed a new generation of multiparametric PAM. Capitalizing on a self-developed high-repetition dual-wavelength pulsed laser and an optical-mechanical hybrid-scan configuration, this innovative technique has achieved an unprecedented A-line rate of 300 kHz, leading to a 20-fold increase in the imaging speed over our previously reported multiparametric PAM that is based on pure mechanical scanning. The performance of the high-speed multiparametric PAM has been examined both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. Simultaneous PAM of microvascular [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and CBF in absolute values over a [Formula: see text]-mm-diameter brain region of interest can be accomplished within 10 min.
Immobilization and One-Dimensional Arrangement of Virus Capsids with Nanoscale Precision Using DNA Origami (2010)

DNA origami was used as a scaffold to arrange spherical virus capsids into one-dimensional arrays with precise nanoscale positioning. To do this, we first modified the interior surface of bacteriophage MS2 capsids with fluorescent dyes as a model cargo. An unnatural amino acid on the external surface was then coupled to DNA strands that were complementary to those extending from origami tiles. Two different geometries of DNA tiles (rectangular and triangular) were used. The capsids associated with tiles of both geometries with virtually 100% efficiency under mild annealing conditions, and the location of capsid immobilization on the tile could be controlled by the position of the probe strands. The rectangular tiles and capsids could then be arranged into one-dimensional arrays by adding DNA strands linking the corners of the tiles. The resulting structures consisted of multiple capsids with even spacing (approximately 100 nm). We also used a second set of tiles that had probe strands at both ends, resulting in a one-dimensional array of alternating capsids and tiles. This hierarchical self-assembly allows us to position the virus particles with unprecedented control and allows the future construction of integrated multicomponent systems from biological scaffolds using the power of rationally engineered DNA nanostructures.
Synthesis and evaluation of dialkyl furan‐2,5‐dicarboxylates as plasticizers for PVC (1994)

Abstract Di(2‐ethylhexyl), di(2‐octyl), dihexyl, and dibutyl furan‐2,5‐dicarboxylate were synthesized from furfural and characterized for their plasticizing abilities toward PVC by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) with di(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate (DOP) as the standard of reference. DMTA gave values for the depression of the glass transition temperature ( T g ) per mass fraction of plasticizer, and it also yielded a set of parameters, relative to those for DOP, which describe the compatibility of the furan diesters with PVC. The efficiency in lowering T g as exhibited by di(2‐ethylhexyl) furan‐2,5‐dicarboxylate is similar to that of its benzenoid analog, DOP, and was determined at 2.41 and 2.45°C per mass % plasticizer, respectively. All four furan diesters were found to be more compatible toward PVC than toward DOP, with dibutyl furan‐2,5‐dicarboxylate the most highly compatible. © 1994 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
The Dual Density Riser Solution (1997)

Abstract The objectives of this project are to determine the advantages, disadvantages, technical feasibility and economic feasibility of the use of gas lift in a marine riser to maintain the pressure in a subsea wellhead equal to the hydrostatic pressure of the seawater outside of the wellhead. Such a dual density system for drilling in deep water would have one effective fluid gradient between the surface and the seafloor and another fluid gradient within the subsea well. This would in effect reduce the casing design problem to that of an equivalent on-shore well. This paper gives a summary of our progress to date.
A complete methodology towards accuracy and lot-to-lot robustness in on-product overlay metrology using flexible wavelength selection (2017)

The optical coupling between gratings in diffraction-based overlay triggers a swing-curve<sup>1,6</sup> like response of the target’s signal contrast and overlay sensitivity through measurement wavelengths and polarizations. This means there are distinct measurement recipes (wavelength and polarization combinations) for a given target where signal contrast and overlay sensitivity are located at the optimal parts of the swing-curve that can provide accurate and robust measurements. Some of these optimal recipes can be the ideal choices of settings for production. The user has to stay away from the non-optimal recipe choices (that are located on the undesirable parts of the swing-curve) to avoid possibilities to make overlay measurement error that can be sometimes (depending on the amount of asymmetry and stack) in the order of several “nm”. To accurately identify these optimum operating areas of the swing-curve during an experimental setup, one needs to have full-flexibility in wavelength and polarization choices. In this technical publication, a diffraction-based overlay (DBO) measurement tool with many choices of wavelengths and polarizations is utilized on advanced production stacks to study swing-curves. Results show that depending on the stack and the presence of asymmetry, the swing behavior can significantly vary and a solid procedure is needed to identify a recipe during setup that is robust against variations in stack and grating asymmetry. An approach is discussed on how to use this knowledge of swing-curve to identify recipe that is not only accurate at setup, but also robust over the wafer, and wafer-to-wafer. KPIs are reported in run-time to ensure the quality / accuracy of the reading (basically acting as an error bar to overlay measurement).