gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Similar Term Discovery using Web Search (2008)

We present an approach to the discovery of semantically similar terms that utilizes a web search engine as both a source for generating related terms and a tool for estimating the semantic similarity of terms. The system works by associating with each document in the search engine’s index a weighted term vector comprising those phrases that best describe the document’s subject matter. Related terms for a given seed phrase are generated by running the seed as a search query and mining the result vector produced by averaging the weights of terms associated with the top documents of the query result set. The degree of similarity between the seed term and each related term is then computed as the cosine of the angle between their respective result vectors. We test the effectiveness of this approach for building a term recommender system designed to help online advertisers discover additional phrases to describe their product offering. A comparison of its output with that of several alternative methods finds it to be competitive with the best known alternative. 1.
Modelling kidney disease with CRISPR-mutant kidney organoids derived from human pluripotent epiblast spheroids (2015)

Human-pluripotent-stem-cell-derived kidney cells (hPSC-KCs) have important potential for disease modelling and regeneration. Whether the hPSC-KCs can reconstitute tissue-specific phenotypes is currently unknown. Here we show that hPSC-KCs self-organize into kidney organoids that functionally recapitulate tissue-specific epithelial physiology, including disease phenotypes after genome editing. In three-dimensional cultures, epiblast-stage hPSCs form spheroids surrounding hollow, amniotic-like cavities. GSK3β inhibition differentiates spheroids into segmented, nephron-like kidney organoids containing cell populations with characteristics of proximal tubules, podocytes and endothelium. Tubules accumulate dextran and methotrexate transport cargoes, and express kidney injury molecule-1 after nephrotoxic chemical injury. CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of podocalyxin causes junctional organization defects in podocyte-like cells. Knockout of the polycystic kidney disease genes PKD1 or PKD2 induces cyst formation from kidney tubules. All of these functional phenotypes are distinct from effects in epiblast spheroids, indicating that they are tissue specific. Our findings establish a reproducible, versatile three-dimensional framework for human epithelial disease modelling and regenerative medicine applications.
Evolution of Electronic Structure as a Function of Layer Thickness in Group-VIB Transition Metal Dichalcogenides: Emergence of Localization Prototypes (2015)

Layered group-VIB transition metal dichalcogenides (with the formula of MX2) are known to show a transition from an indirect band gap in the thick n-monolayer stack (MX2)n to a direct band gap at the n = 1 monolayer limit, thus converting the system into an optically active material suitable for a variety of optoelectronic applications. The origin of this transition has been attributed predominantly to quantum confinement effect at reduced n. Our analysis of the evolution of band-edge energies and wave functions as a function of n using ab initio density functional calculations including the long-range dispersion interaction reveals (i) the indirect-to-direct band gap transformation is triggered not only by (kinetic-energy controlled) quantum confinement but also by (potential-energy controlled) band repulsion and localization. On its own, neither of the two effects can explain by itself the energy evolution of the band-edge states relevant to the transformation; (ii) when n decreased, there emerge distinct regimes with characteristic localization prototypes of band-edge states deciding the optical response of the system. They are distinguished by the real-space direct/indirect in combination with momentum-space direct/indirect nature of electron and hole states and give rise to distinct types of charge distribution of the photoexcited carriers that control excitonic behaviors; (iii) the various regimes associated with different localization prototypes are predicted to change with modification of cations and anions in the complete MX2 (M = Cr, Mo, W and X = S, Se, Te) series. These results offer new insight into understanding the excitonic properties (e.g., binding energy, lifetime etc.) of multiple layered MX2 and their heterostructures.
Data Replication and Virtual Machine Migrations to Mitigate Network Overhead in Edge Computing Systems (2017)

Several virtual machine (VM) placement algorithms have been proposed and studied in the literature with various scopes such as server consolidation or network cost minimization. In most cases, decisions on VM migrations are taken without factoring in directly the data access cost by VMs. In this paper, we investigate the use of data replication in conjunction with the VM assignment problem and target on developing algorithms that decide both on which data should be replicated where and which VM must be migrated so as to minimize the network overhead among traditional cloud and mobile cloud systems. We discuss both the un-capacitated case and the more realistic case whereby datacenters (for the traditional cloud case) and micro-datacenters (for the mobile cloud case) have limited storage and computing capacity. We propose an algorithm based on hyper-graph partitioning to solve the aforementioned problem in an optimal way regarding the unconstrained case and extend it to capture storage and computing capacity constraints. Experimental evaluation shows that the proposed algorithm yields up to 53 percent network overhead reduction when compared to state-of-the-art algorithms found in the literature.
Fighting Spam on Social Web Sites: A Survey of Approaches and Future Challenges (2007)

In recent years, social Web sites have become important components of the Web. With their success, however, has come a growing influx of spam. If left unchecked, spam threatens to undermine resource sharing, interactivity, and openness. This article surveys three categories of potential countermeasures - those based on detection, demotion, and prevention. Although many of these countermeasures have been proposed before for email and Web spam, the authors find that their applicability to social Web sites differs.
Chiral Phosphoric Acids: Powerful Organocatalysts for Asymmetric Addition Reactions to Imines (2006)

Loaded with potential: The enormous potential of chiral phosphoric acids (see formulae) as promoters of novel, highly enantioselective addition reactions to imines under mild conditions has recently been recognized. The use of such catalysts has brought about the development of a number of new asymmetric reactions for the synthesis of amine-based chiral building blocks.
Very High Throughput (VHT) Multi-User Multiple Input Multiple Output (MU-MIMO) Communication in 802.11ac (2015)

Very High Throughput Multi-User Multiple Input Multiple Output (VHT MU-MIMO) is an 802.11ac communication mode that allows an Access Point (AP) to simultaneously transmit multiple data streams as Aggregated Multi-Protocol Data Units (A-MPDUs) to a group of multiple stations (STAs) over the same channel. This mode combines communication technologies that enable the 802.11ac protocol to use spectrum more efficiently compared to the previous standards. However, VHT MU-MIMO wastes an unused part of the Physical Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) interval when short and long data streams are grouped together. In this thesis, we propose a solution that improves VHT MUMIMO communications by reducing wasted portion of the PPDU duration of short data streams by concatenating longer data streams in consecutive groups. Simulations of the VHT MUMIMO communication process with and without the proposed approach indicate smaller wasted part and shorter transmission time of randomly generated STAs data streams.
Eliminating harmonics in a multilevel converter using resultant theory (2003)

A method is given to determine conditions for which the switching angles in a multilevel converter can be chosen to produce the required fundamental voltage while at the same time cancel out higher order harmonics. A complete analysis is given for a 7- level converter where it is shown that for a range of the modulation index m/sub I/, the switching angles can be chosen to produce the desired fundamental V/sub 1/=m/sub I/(s4V/sub dc///spl pi/) while making the 5/sup th/ and 7/sup th/ harmonics identically zero.
Load balancing schemes for high-throughput distributed fault-tolerant servers (2002)

Clusters of workstations, connected by a fast network, are emerging as a viable architecture for building high-throughput fault-tolerant servers. This type of architecture is more scalable and more cost-effective than a tightly coupled multiprocessor and may achieve as good a throughput. We explore several combinations of fault tolerance (FT) and load-balancing (LB) schemes, and compare their impact on the maximum throughput achievable by the system, and on its survivability. In particular, we show that the FT scheme has an effect on the throughput of the system, while the LB scheme affects the ability of the system to override failures. We study the scalability of the different schemes under different loads and failure conditions. Our simulations take into consideration the overhead of each scheme, the network contention, and the resource loads.
Endothelial Cell VE-cadherin Functions as a Receptor for the β15–42 Sequence of Fibrin (1998)

The contact of fibrin with the apical surface of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) can induce capillary tube formation via the interaction of fibrin beta15-42 with a putative cell receptor (Chalupowicz, D. G., Chowdhury, Z. A., Bach, T. L., Barsigian, C., and Martinez, J. (1995) J. Cell Biol. 130, 207-215). To characterize this interaction, we studied the binding of the thrombin-cleaved N-terminal disulfide knot of fibrin (NDSK II), a dimeric fragment with exposed beta15-42, to HUVEC in three separate assay systems. Time-course binding of 125I-NDSK II to HUVEC monolayers or suspensions revealed that binding was specific at 50-60%, as determined by the addition of unlabeled NDSK II. Specific binding of 125I-NDSK II to HUVEC was 70% reversible by dilution or by competition, and was found to be divalent cation-independent. Binding plateaued after 10 min at a saturation of 15-20 nM. Scatchard analysis using the LIGAND computer program defined a single population of receptors with a KD of 7.7 +/- 1.6 nM and approximately 21,000 +/- 7000 binding sites/cell. N-terminal disulfide knot derivatives in which beta15-42 was absent (NDSK 325) or unexposed (NDSK, NDSK I) did not show specific binding. Specific binding of 125I-NDSK II could not be inhibited by RGDS or by antibodies to the alphavbeta3 or beta1 integrins, PECAM-1, ICAM-1, or N-cadherin. In contrast, a synthetic beta15-42/ovalbumin conjugate inhibited total 125I-NDSK II binding by 47 +/- 19% (corresponding to 95% of specific 125I-NDSK II bound) and a monoclonal antibody to vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) inhibited binding by 35 +/- 8% (corresponding to 70% of specific 125I-NDSK II bound). Another assay was based on the capture of cadherins from HUVEC lysates by a polyclonal pan-cadherin antibody immobilized on plastic dishes. Binding of NDSK II to the captured cadherins was 89 +/- 5% specific, while specific binding of NDSK 325 and NDSK was negligible. An immortalized line of human adipose-derived microvascular endothelial cells, which express N-cadherin but not VE-cadherin, demonstrated no specific binding of NDSK II by the capture assay. These data define a novel interaction of fibrin with VE-cadherin, which is mediated by the fibrin N-terminal beta15-42 sequence, and may contribute to the mechanism through which fibrin induces angiogenesis.
Integrated chemical sensors based on carbon black and polymer films using a standard CMOS process and post-processing (2002)

We present an integrated chemical sensor array fabricated using a CMOS process followed by post-processing. The sensor presented in this paper incorporates 324 individually addressable sensing nodes. Post processing involves an electroless nickel and gold plating step to fabricate sensing contacts, and the deposition of a carbon black based polymer sensor material. The operation of the integrated sensor is confirmed. This sensor technology will allow the creation of large arrays of chemically diverse sensors.
The use of autoclaves in the dental surgery (1995)

Autoclaving is the absolute method of achieving instrument sterilization in any health care setting. However, it does rely on an effective pre-sterilization routine for instrument handling and the subsequent correct loading and operation of the autoclave. This paper addresses the issue of correct autoclave use, the causes of failures and the regular monitoring.
Torasemide for the Treatment of Heart Failure (2008)

Diuretics play an essential role in modern cardiovascular therapy, and are currently recommended for the treatment of congestive heart failure. Torasemide has been developed as a newer type of loop diuretic with a longer half-life, longer duration of action, and higher bioavailability compared to the most commonly used loop diuretic, furosemide. Torasemide also appears to have additional actions beyond the pure diuretic effect, such as anti-aldosterone effect and vasorelaxation effect. Studies have also investigated whether the superior pharmacokinetics and pharmacological activity of torasemide result in a favorable clinical outcome. Their results have indicated that, in comparison with furosemide, torasemide improves left ventricular function, reduces mortality as well as the frequency and duration of heart failure-related hospitalization, and improves quality of life, exercise tolerance and NYHA functional class in patients with congestive heart failure. Thus, torasemide appears to be a promising loop diuretic that contributes to a better management of patients with heart failure. Definitive clinical trials in a double-blind fashion are warranted.
Improving efficiency of symbolic model checking for state-based system requirements (1998)

We present various techniques for improving the time and space efficiency of symbolic model checking for system requirements specified as synchronous finite state machines. We used these techniques in our analysis of the system requirements specification of TCAS II, a complex aircraft collision avoidance system. They together reduce the time and space complexities by orders of magnitude, making feasible some analysis that was previously intractable. The TCAS II requirements were written in RSML, a dialect of state-charts.
Chemical selectivity in the dissociative ionization of organic molecules by low-energy positrons (1995)

The ionization and dissociation, induced by positrons having kinetic energies in the range 0.3--3 eV, of a large number of organic molecules have been studied. The required energies for ionization and dissociation are supplied through the annihilation of electrons by the positrons. Cross sections for these interactions are strong functions of molecular size, molecular structure, and bond type. Fragmentation usually occurs between atoms linked by \ensuremath{\sigma} bonds. Multiple bonds tend to stabilize the molecules against fragmentation. Fragmentation induced under the low-energy process occurs preferably in the linear groups of molecules rather than in ring structures. Ionization and dissociation cross sections of large alkane molecules are higher than those of smaller molecules. A possible explanation of the fragmentation phenomena is that positrons annihilate electrons in energy levels below the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), leaving the molecules in excited states. Multiple bonds in molecules tend to promote higher populations near the HOMO state; annihilation of electrons near the HOMO state does not result in fragmentation.
Iron Silylamide-Grafted Periodic Mesoporous Silica (2011)

The surface chemistry of a series of well-defined metalorganic ferrous and ferric iron complexes on periodic mesoporous silica (PMS) was investigated. In addition to literature known Fe(II)[N(SiMe(3))(2)](2)(THF), Fe(II)[N(SiPh(2)Me(2))(2)](2), and Fe(III)[N(SiMe(3))(2)](2)Cl(THF), the new complexes [Fe(II){N(SiHMe(2))(2)}(2)](2) and Fe(III)[N(SiHMe(2))(2)](3)(μ-Cl)Li(THF)(3) were employed as grafting precursors. Selection criteria for the molecular precursors were the molecular size (monoiron versus diiron species), the oxidation state of the iron center (II versus III), and the functionality of the silylamido ligand (e.g., built-in spectroscopic probes). Hexagonal channel-like MCM-41 and cubic cage-like SBA-1 were chosen as two distinct PMS materials. The highest iron load (12.8 wt %) was obtained for hybrid material [Fe(II){N(SiHMe(2))(2)}(2)](2)@MCM-41 upon stirring the reaction mixture iron silylamide/PMS/n-hexane for 18 h at ambient temperature. Size-selective grafting and concomitantly extensive surface silylation were found to be prominent for cage-like SBA-1. Here, the surface metalation is governed by the type of iron precursor, the pore size, the reaction time, and the solvent. The formation of surface-attached iron-ligand species is discussed on the basis of diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, nitrogen physisorption, and elemental analysis.
VERHALTEN VON SCR-KATALYSATOREN IM DIESELMOTORISCHEN ABGAS. BERICHT AUS DER TAETIGKEIT DER FORSCHUNGSVEREINIGUNG VERBRENNUNGSKRAFTMASCHINEN E.V. (1988)

BERICHTET WIRD UEBER EIN VERFAHREN DER SELEKTIVEN KATALYTISCHEN REDUKTION (SCR) MIT AMMONIAK ALS REDUKTIONSMITTEL ZUR VERMINDERUNG DER STICKOXIDKONZENTRATION IM DIESELMOTORISCHEN ABGAS. VERSUCHSTRAEGER WAREN ZWEI MOLEKULARSIEBKATALYSATOREN SOWIE EIN KERAMISCHER WABENKOERPER MIT METALLOXID ALS AKTIVER KOMPONENTE. UNTER DEN GEWAEHLTEN RANDBEDINGUNGEN ZEIGTE SICH, DASS DAS SCR-VERFAHREN IM DIESELMOTORISCHEN ABGAS ZUR VERMINDERUNG DER NOX-EMISSION PRINZIPIELL GEEIGNET IST. EINEM PRAKTISCHEN EINSATZ STEHEN ALLERDINGS NOCH EINE REIHE VON PROBLEMEN GEGENUEBER. DER BEITRAG GEHT AUF DIESE PROBLEME EIN. DIE UNTERSUCHUNGEN DEUTEN WEITERHIN AN, DASS HAEUFIGER KALTSTART ZUR INAKTIVIERUNG BEITRAEGT. BEIM MOLEKULARSIEBKATALYSATOR MUESSEN BESONDERE REGELKONZEPTE DAS TRAEGE ANSPRECHVERHALTEN MIT T90-ZEITEN VON ETWA 20 MINUTEN BERUECKSICHTIGEN. WAEHREND DER BESCHICHTETE KATALYSATOR KEINE MECHANISCHEN PROBLEME BEREITETE, TRATEN AN BEIDEN UNTERSUCHTEN MOLEKULARSIEBKATALYSATOREN SCHAEDEN IN FORM VON RISSEN UND AUSBRUECHEN AUF, DIE IN EINEM FALL ZUM TOTALAUSFALL DES KATALYSATORS NACH INSGESAMT CIRCA 1.300 BETRIEBSSTUNDEN FUEHRTEN.
Modeling Transient Fuel Effects with Alternative Fuels (2005)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;As regulations become more stringent, transient fuel control becomes extremely important for meeting emissions requirements in a cost-effective manner. Significant modeling work has been performed for a variety of conventional gasolines in port fuel injected (PFI) engines. This paper describes an extension of previous modeling work for alternative fuels. The paper first details the application of a distillation model to create the multi-component fuel models used in the simulations. The fuel models are then used in the transient Four Puddle Model to simulate the coupled liquid fuel and thermal/thermodynamic processes in the engine. Simulation results from the model are compared with dynamometer data over a transient, warm-up test.&lt;/div&gt;
Human Glioma Diagnosis from Gene Expression Data (2005)

ConclusionsThe practice of clinical genomics has patient care applications as the ultimate goal. Geneexpression profiling studies have clearly demonstrated the utility of genomics in the areas of molecular classification, identification of novel subgroups(so-called “diseases within disease”), identification of new markers for diagnosis, and identification of novel targets for therapeutic intervention. Genomics data analyses have further demonstrated that an approach based on single gene analysis is not sufficiently robust for diagnostic applications, especially when multiple subtypes of diseases are involved. In contrast, combinations of genes provide much more useful information. Although gene expression profiling projects normally include the analysis of hundreds or thousands of genes in a single experiment, many of the genes thusanalyzed have very little or no disease classification potential. Such genes should be excluded from diagnosis chips, which optimally will contain only a small subset of genes. Focused chips of this type are also more amenable to the strict quality controls and conditioning that are required for clinical applications. If the analysis is extended to the protein level via immunohistochemistry, the number of genes to be tested should similarly not be too large if practical clinical utility is sought. In this paper, we have described a methodology for selecting a subset of genes that in combination have the greatest discriminating power for the four major subtypes of human gliomas. The 40 genes thus identified may potentially constitute a clinically useful diagnostic chip.
Effect of Cimaterol (CL 263,780) as a Repartitioning Agent in the Diet for Finishing Pigs (1986)

One hundred ninety-two crossbred pigs (61 kg) were allotted by weight to a randomized complete-block design of four treatments with six blocks per treatment and eight pigs per totally slatted, concrete pen. Pigs were allowed ad libitum consumption of either a corn-soybean meal control diet or the control diet plus cimaterol (CL 263,780) at .25, .50 or 1.00 mg/kg of diet. Cimaterol is a repartitioning agent recently identified by American Cyanamid Company. Pigs were slaughtered at an average pen weight of 105 kg. Average daily gain and feed conversion ratio were not affected (P>.10) by diet. Daily feed intake decreased linearly (P<.01) as cimaterol increased in the diet, but the response was inconsistent because pigs fed diets containing 0 and . 50 mg of cimaterol/kg of diet ate more feed than pigs fed diets containing .25 and 1.00 mg of cimaterol/kg of diet (cubic effect of diet, P<.01). Locomotive soundness scores were not affected (P>.10) by diet. The addition of cimaterol to the diet of finishing pigs resulted in a linear increase in longissimus muscle area (P<.05) and predicted kg of muscle (P<.01). Fat depth, average backfat and ham and loin fat decreased linearly (P<.01) as cimaterol increased in the diet. Pork carcass grade improved (P<.01) as cimaterol increased in the diet. Dressing percentage, carcass length, muscle score and color of lean score were not affected by diet. These results suggest that the addition of cimaterol to the diet resulted in an increase in muscle accretion and a decrease in fat deposition, resulting in a significant improvement in carcass leanness.
Complementary IIR digital filter banks (1985)

The class of digital filter pairs satisfying two types of complementary properties simultaneously is reexamined. The pair is required to have complementary square magnitude characteristics with respect to a constant and transfer functions complementary with respect to an allpass function. This filter class, called doubly complementary filters is then extended to have M filters with complex outputs. Basic properties of the filters are discussed. It is shown that all the filters in the bank can be implemented as linear combinations of the same low order allpass filters. The individual filters can have different bandwidths and tolerances. The filter bank can also produce [M/2]+1 real outputs with allpass complementary responses that can be arbitrarily added up to form a variety of allpass complementary filters. The filters have low coefficient sensitivities in their passbands if the allpass sections are implemented with structures that are canonic with respect to the coefficients.