gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation and characterization of ZnO nanoparticles coated paper and its antibacterial activity study (2006)

Coating of ZnO nanoparticles on paper surface has potential technological applications. With this motivation, a simple approach of ultrasound assisted coating of paper with ZnO nanoparticles (∼20 nm) without the aid of binder is reported for the first time in this work. The ultrasound assisted coating approach concurs with “green” chemistry as it is simple and environmentally friendly. Scanning electron microscope is used to characterize the surface morphology showing ZnO nanoparticles bound to cellulose fibers. Further characterization of coated surface is performed by attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry in positive ion detection mode along with its imaging capability. The effect of ultrasound irradiation time on ZnO nanoparticles loading is estimated by thermogravimetric analysis. A plausible coating mechanism is proposed. The ZnO nanoparticles coated paper is found to possess antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli 11634.
The Calcar Femorale Redefined (1982)

The calcar femorale is a spur of thickened bone that lies deep to the lesser trochanter but posterior to the neutral axis of the femoral neck. The calcar is thickest medially where it joins the compression buttress of the neck and gradually thins as it passes laterally. X-ray films taken at right angles to the neutral axis of the femoral neck best portray the calcar femorale, which stands out like a solid bone spur as if viewing along the line of a picket fence. The presence of the calcar femorale affects the configuration of peritrochanteric fractures. It should not be confused with the primary medial compression buttress of the femoral neck.
Modeling of a-Si:H TFT I-V Characteristics in the Forward Subthreshold Operation (2005)

I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. ii The hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) thin-film transistors (TFTs) are widely used as switching elements in LCD displays and large area matrix addressed senor arrays. In recent years, a-Si:H TFTs have been used as analog active components in OLED displays. However, a-Si:H TFTs exhibit a bias induced metastability. This problem causes both threshold voltage and subthreshold slope to shift with time when a gate bias is applied. These instabilities jeopardize the long-term performance of a-Si:H TFT circuits. Nevertheless a-Si:H TFTs show an exponential transfer characteristic in the subthreshold region. Moreover, the typical power consumptions for TFTs in the subthreshold region are in the order of nano-watts, thus making them suitable for low power design. For these reasons, a-Si:H TFT I-V characteristics in the forward subthreshold operation are investigated. First, we have derived the static and dynamic models of a-Si:H TFT in the forward
Compiling path queries in software-defined networks (2014)

Monitoring the flow of traffic along network paths is essential for SDN programming and troubleshooting. For example, traffic engineering requires measuring the ingress-egress traffic matrix; debugging a congested link requires determining the set of sources sending traffic through that link; and locating a faulty device might involve detecting how far along a path the traffic makes progress. Past path-based monitoring systems operate by diverting packets to collectors that perform "after-the-fact" analysis, at the expense of large data-collection overhead. In this paper, we show how to do more efficient "during-the-fact" analysis. We introduce a query language that allows each SDN application to specify queries independently of the forwarding state or the queries of other applications. The queries use a regular-expression-based path language that includes SQL-like "groupby" constructs for count aggregation. We track the packet trajectory directly on the data plane by converting the regular expressions into an automaton, and tagging the automaton state (i.e., the path prefix) in each packet as it progresses through the network. The SDN policies that implement the path queries can be combined with arbitrary packet-forwarding policies supplied by other elements of the SDN platform. A preliminary evaluation of our prototype shows that our "during-the-fact" strategy reduces data-collection overhead over "after-the-fact" strategies.
Entrapment of bioactive compounds within native albumin beads. (1983)

To prepare an injectable delivery device for prolonged release and targeting of drugs is the goal of many researchers. Ideally the poly mer matrix would be nonantigenic, biodegradable, and applicable to a wide range of bioactive substances. Satire albumin is such a substance. We have devised a method of polymerizing albumin under very mild conditions [Lee, T. K, Sokoloski, T. D., and Royer, G. P., Science, 213, 223 (1982)]. The polymerized albumin, in the farm of microbeads, has been used to entrap steroid hormones. peptides, anticancer drugs. and dyes. The heads elicited no adverse immunological response in animals, they are degraded after two months following intramuscular injection into rabbits. Rabbit albumin was used to entrap progesterone. The release profile, in cico, shows an initial burst followed by a prolonged release phase which was followed for 30 days. Rabbits showed no adverse immunological symptoms. Repealed injections did not result in inflammation or necrosis. Our present studies are focused on control of size, release profile, and the rate of biudegrudation. We hope these studies will allow us to del elop a device far localized, prolonged release of antie ather drugs.
System-In-Package (SIP): challenges and opportunities (2002)

In this paper, we propose the concept of System-In-Package (SIP) as a generalization of System-On-Chip (SOC). System-In-Package overcomes formidable integration barriers without compromising individual chip technologies. The goal of SIP is to match or exceed SOC performance with lower cost. SIP technology platform that provides the needed integration is described. Applications include integrating memory with logic and integrating radio frequency ICs with high-quality (high-Q) passive components. SIP technology will unleash the innovations of designers and unlock the full potential of IC technology.
What's New in Arts Education (2003)

The revisions undertaken by various Australian states to upgrade their Arts curriculum are described. Lesson preparations and assessment strategies have been designed to suit varied Art forms sharing a common structural framework.
Optical tweezers: 20 years on (2006)

In 1986, Arthur Ashkin and colleagues published a seminal paper in Optics Letters, 'Observation of a single-beam gradient force optical trap for dielectric particles' which outlined a technique for trapping micrometre-sized dielectric particles using a focused laser beam, a technology which is now termed optical tweezers. This paper will provide a background in optical manipulation technologies and an overview of the applications of optical tweezers. It contains some recent work on the optical manipulation of aerosols and concludes with a critical discussion of where the future might lead this maturing technology.
Selective Effect of Androgens on LH and FSH Release in Anterior Pituitary Cells in Culture (1976)

A possible direct effect of androgens at the pituitary level on gonadotropin release was studied using rat anterior pituitary cells in primary culture. The preincubation of cells with 3 X 10(-9)M testosterone (T) for 40 h increased the concentration of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) required for half-maximal stimulation (ED50) of LH release from 3 X 10(-10)M to 1 X 10(-9)M. In the same experiment, the LHRH ED50 for FSH release (3 X 10(-10)M) was not affected by preincubation with T, while a slight stimulatory effect of the androgen was observed on balal FSH release and on the maximal FSH response to LHRH. Time-course experiments showed that the inhibitory effect of T on the LH response to LHRH was maximal after about 48 h of incubation and that 54 h after the removal of T, only 50% of the inhibition was reversed. 5 alpha-Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and T led to the same maximal inhibition (15-20% of control) of the LH response to 10(-10)M LHRH. DHT was, however, about 3 times more potent than T, their ED50 values being 1.6 X 10(-10)M and 5 X 10(-10)M, respectively. In contrast to the effect on LH, the FSH response to 10(-10)M LHRH was only slightly, but not significantly, inhibited by increasing concentrations of DHT or T. The finding that total LH (medium + cell content) remained constant after incubation with T or DHT clearly indicates that the inhibition of the LH response to LHRH is really due to changes in the sensitivity of the releasing mechanisms in the LH-secreting cells. Androgens did, however, lead to increased total FSH. The present data indicate an independent control of LH and FSH secretion by a direct action of androgens at the pituitary level.
Stable Monomeric Germanium(<scp>II</scp>) and Tin(<scp>II</scp>) Compounds with Terminal Hydrides (2006)

Going solo: The use of AlH3⋅NMe3 as a hydrogen-transfer agent with β-diketiminatogermanium(II) and β-diketiminatotin(II) halides gives the divalent hydrides [{HC(CMeNAr)2}GeH] and [{HC(CMeNAr)2}SnH] (Ar=2,6-iPr2C6H3). In the solid state, the compounds exhibit monomeric and dimeric arrangements, respectively, with weak intermolecular SnH⋅⋅⋅Sn contacts for the Sn analogue (see picture).
SPECTRAL MATCHING OF CLASSICAL CYTOCHEMISTRY TO AUTOMATED CYTOLOGY (1974)

Aspects of the history of automated cytology and a brief comparison of present and anticipated future levels of performance of flow-through and pattern recognition technologies for white blood cell recognition and counting are briefly presented. The relationship of the spectral properties of cytochemical preparations to machine performance are discussed. Some advantages of matching the spectral properties to hardware and software capabilities are illustrated. Some kinds of difficulties in achieving such a match are reviewed and examples of present levels of achievement are illustrated.
A study on resonant frequency and Q factor tunings for MEMS vibratory gyroscopes (2004)

A new approach for improving the performance of MEMS vibratory gyroscopes was developed. The methodology suggests a simple way of improving the performance such as the overshoot, settling time and shock immunity by tuning the resonant frequency and the quality factor. The difference in the resonant frequency in two modes (driving and sensing mode) and the quality factors were found to be key factors in determining the dynamics of the gyroscopes. The difference in the frequency could be easily controlled by the electrical stiffness but it was difficult to control the quality factor because it is determined by vacuum level and the shape of structure. An electrostatic feedback technique allowed the control of the quality factor of the micro-gyroscopes. The experimental results show that the magnitude of the resonant peak in the frequency response of the gyroscope is reduced by 58% when the equivalent quality factor of the sensing system is tuned from 264 to 100 at a 100 Hz frequency difference between the driving and sensing modes. The time domain estimation was an approximate 50% reduction in the overshoot and an approximate threefold shortening of the settling time in that case. The estimation in the time domain was based on the simulation because there is no method to measure the transient response of gyroscopes directly.
Out‐diffusion of nitrogen from float‐zone silicon measured by dislocation locking (2007)

Abstract A measurement of nitrogen out‐diffusion from nitrogen‐doped float‐zone silicon made using a dislocation locking technique is presented. Specimens containing a well‐defined array of dislocation half‐loops are subjected to identical anneals at 750 °C, during which nitrogen diffuses both to the surface and to the dislocations. The specimens are then chemically etched so as to remove different thicknesses of material from the surface. The stress required to move the dislocations away from the nitrogen is then measured. The variation in this unlocking stress with thickness of material removed allows some measure of nitrogen diffusivity to be deduced. The result obtained is consistent with an extrapolation of SIMS out‐diffusion measurements previously performed at higher temperatures, but indicates a different activation energy for out‐diffusion to that associated with dislocation locking by nitrogen. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fiber/cement interface tailoring with plasma treatment (1999)

A comprehensive study on the optimal conditions of plasma treatment of polyethylene fibers on their interfacial property with cement matrix is reported in this paper. Single fiber pullout tests were performed for bond property evaluation. With the optimal treatment conditions, a sixfold increase in bond strength or sevenfold increase in interfacial toughness can be achieved separately. Furthermore, a distinct interfacial chemical bond, compared to common frictional bond was observed for the first time in the polyethylene/cement systems. On the matrix side, matrix modifiers such as high alumina cement and PVA powder were also studied to examine their additional influence on the interface properties. Some preliminary results of the stability of plasma treatment are also reported in this paper.
Special conditions for extremely large solar proton events during solar cycle 23 (2010)

We have investigated a relationship among the solar proton events (SPEs), coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and solar flares during the solar cycle 23 (1997-2006). Using 63 SPE dataset, we found that SPE rise time, duration time, and decrease times depend on CME speed (cc=0.34, 0.48 and 0.48) and SPE peak intensity depends on the CME earthward direction parameter as well as CME speed and x-ray flare intensity (cc=0.40, 0.31 and 0.37). While inspecting the relation between SPE peak intensity and the CME earthward direction parameter, we found that there are two groups: first group consists of large 6 SPEs (> 10,000 pfu at >10 MeV proton channel of GOES satellite) and shows a very good correlation (cc=0.65) between SPE peak intensity and CME earthward direction parameter. The second group has a relatively weak SPE peak intensity and shows poor correlation between SPE peak intensity and the CME earthward direction parameter (cc=0.01). By investigating characteristics of 6 SPEs in the first group, we found that there are special common conditions of the extremely large proton events (group 1); (1) all the SPEs are associated with very fast halo CME (>1400km/s), (2) they are almost located at disk region , (3) they also accompany large flare (>M7), (4) all they are preceded by another wide CMEs, and (5) they all show helmet streamer nearby the main CME. In this presentation, we will give details of the energy spectra of the 6 SPE events from the ERNE/HED aboard the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO), and onset time comparison among the SPE, flare, type II burst, and CME.
Is Dysregulation of the HPA-Axis a Core Pathophysiology Mediating Co-Morbid Depression in Neurodegenerative Diseases? (2015)

There is increasing evidence of prodromal manifestation of neuropsychiatric symptoms in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and Huntington's disease (HD). These affective symptoms may be observed many years before the core diagnostic symptoms of the neurological condition. It is becoming more apparent that depression is a significant modifying factor of the trajectory of disease progression and even treatment outcomes. It is therefore crucial that we understand the potential pathophysiologies related to the primary condition, which could contribute to the development of depression. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis is a key neuroendocrine signaling system involved in physiological homeostasis and stress response. Disturbances of this system lead to severe hormonal imbalances, and the majority of such patients also present with behavioral deficits and/or mood disorders. Dysregulation of the HPA-axis is also strongly implicated in the pathology of major depressive disorder. Consistent with this, antidepressant drugs, such as the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors have been shown to alter HPA-axis activity. In this review, we will summarize the current state of knowledge regarding HPA-axis pathology in Alzheimer's, PD and HD, differentiating between prodromal and later stages of disease progression when evidence is available. Both clinical and preclinical evidence will be examined, but we highlight animal model studies as being particularly useful for uncovering novel mechanisms of pathology related to co-morbid mood disorders. Finally, we purpose utilizing the preclinical evidence to better inform prospective, intervention studies.
Approaching Technology (2009)

Contemporary healthcare is technological healthcare. An adequate understanding of how medical technologies reach the healthcare system, and in what forms, must pay due attention to the activity of industrial sectors and political regulatory activity, as well as actors in the healthcare system, patients and citizens whose lives are touched by technology. In order to approach the issue of medical device innovation into healthcare, I here consider research and theory in the social sciences, which has developed a range of concepts and theoretical approaches that can be applied to the world of medical devices. This will pave the way for the main theme of this book, which is to understand the key social and evidential dynamics in the innovation pathways into healthcare of different medical devices.
Should we use driving pressure to set tidal volume? (2016)

Driving pressure is a bedside available parameter that may help identify patients prone to develop VILI and at increased risk of death. No study had prospectively evaluated whether interventions on ΔP may provide a relevant clinical benefit, but it appears physiologically sound to try titrating VT to minimize ΔP, especially when it is higher than 14 cmH2O and when it has minimal costs in terms of CO2 clearance.
FTD/ALS-associated poly(GR) protein impairs the Notch pathway and is recruited by poly(GA) into cytoplasmic inclusions (2015)

C9ORF72 repeat expansion is the most common genetic mutation in frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Abnormal dipeptide repeat proteins (DPRs) generated from repeat-associated non-AUG (RAN) translation of repeat-containing RNAs are thought to be pathogenic; however, the mechanisms are unknown. Here we report that (GR)80 and (PR)80 are toxic in neuronal and non-neuronal cells in Drosophila. In contrast to reported shorter poly(GR) forms, (GR)80 is mostly localized throughout the cytosol without detectable accumulation in the nucleolus, accompanied by suppression of Notch signaling and cell loss in the wing. Some Notch target genes are also downregulated in brains and iPSC-derived cortical neurons of C9ORF72 patients. Increased Notch expression largely suppressed (GR)80-induced cell loss in the wing. When co-expressed in Drosophila, HeLa cells, or human neurons, (GA)80 recruited (GR)80 into cytoplasmic inclusions, partially decreasing the toxicity of (GR)80 and restoring Notch signaling in Drosophila. Thus, different DPRs have opposing roles in cell loss and we identify the Notch pathway as one of the receptor signaling pathways that might be compromised in C9ORF72 FTD/ALS.
A framework for the construction of level set methods for shape optimization and reconstruction (2003)

The aim of this paper is to develop a functional-analytic framework for the construction of level set methods, when applied to shape optimization and shape reconstruction problems. As a main tool we use a notion of gradient flows for geometric configurations such as used in the modelling of geometric motions in materials science. The analogies to this field lead to a scale of level set evolutions, characterized by the norm used for the choice of the velocity. This scale of methods also includes the standard approach used in previous work on this subject as a special case. Moreover, we apply this framework to some (inverse) model problems for elliptic boundary value problems. In numerical experiments we demonstrate that an appropriate choice of norms (dependent on the problem) yields stable and fast methods.
Introduction to Synchrotron Radiation X-ray Analysis for Crystallographers (2005)

This article gives an overview of several basic synchrotron radi-ation (SR) X-ray analytical techniques useful for crystallographers for material characterization. They include X-ray fluorescence analysis, X-ray powder diffraction and in plane diffraction analyses, X-ray absorption fine structure analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Utilization of X-ray microbeam and total reflection optics are two key elements of the techniques. Special attention was paid to show the advantage of the introduction of SR to these techniques and to give a hint of SR experiments for those who have never used SR although they have basic knowledge of the techniques.
Dispersion Polymerization of Styrene in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide:  Importance of Effective Surfactants (1996)

The dispersion polymerization of styrene in supercritical CO2 using amphiphilic diblock copolymers to impart steric stabilization was investigated. Lipophilic, CO2-insoluble materials can be effectively emulsified in carbon dioxide using amphiphilic diblock copolymer surfactants. The resulting high yield (>90%) of polystyrene is obtained in the form of a stable polymer colloid comprised of submicron-sized particles. The particle diameter and distribution of sizes were shown to be dependent on the nature of the stabilizing block copolymer.
Exploring XML for data exchange in the context of an undergraduate database curriculum (2005)

The relationship between XML and database management systems has become an important topic for coverage at the undergraduate level. This paper presents an approach to teaching the use of XML through the study of data exchange. After a brief review of XML, the paper provides a tutorial on the different features that are provided in major relational database products for the import and export of XML, providing a discussion of how these features can be used as implementation exercises for students. In addition to addressing the use of XML for data exchange in relational systems, the paper also provides an overview of several teaching tools that are also used in the study of XML for object-oriented data and also for the exchange of object-oriented and object-relational data.
Pixel-Division Technology for High-Quality Vertical-Alignment LCDs (2010)

An innovative technology, charge-shared super patterned-electrode vertical-alignment (CS-SPVA), used for improving off-axis image quality within VA liquid crystal display (VA-LCD) is proposed. The CS-SPVA imposes different electric voltages with two or three subpixels automatically by a unique charge-sharing topology without increasing the number of data or gate bus lines, which results in significantly improved off-axis image quality without serious side effects. In particular, the three-subpixel-CS-SPVA shows the best off-axis image quality reported so far for the VA-type LCDs. The proposed technology may be the ultimate solution in overcoming the vulnerable point of VA-LCD for severe competition with alternative LCD technology.