gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance Enhancement of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/H-Diamond MOSFETs Utilizing Vacuum Annealing and V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> as a Surface Electron Acceptor (2018)

We report on the performance enhancement of 250-nm gate-length H-diamond FETs through thermal treatment of devices at 400 °C and the incorporation of V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> as a surface electron acceptor layer. Encapsulation of the H-diamond surface with V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> is found to increase the transfer doping efficiency and reduce the device access resistance. A reduction in ohmic contact resistance and channel resistance beneath the gate after thermal treatment at 400 °C was found to further reduce the device ON-resistance and increase the maximum drain current and peak transconductance. These devices demonstrate the highest drain current (375 mA/mm) and transconductance (98 mS/mm), yet reported for H-diamond FETs of this gate length that incorporate an electron acceptor oxide layer.
Future home DC-based renewable energy nanoGrid system (2010)

This paper presents a sustainable building concept focused on the development and demonstration of advanced power electronics technology for building electrical systems with DC electrical architecture. In the High Energy Efficient House, solar arrays, wind turbine and li-ion batteries are used to feed the main DC bus, as well as grid and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles forming the so-called nanoGrid system. A static operation of the system components is described in details and the simple modeling approach combining non-linear static and linear dynamic behavior is shown followed by some simulation results.
Relative contributions of germline gene variation and somatic mutation to immunoglobulin diversity in the mouse. (1986)

The relative contributions of germline gene variation and somatic mutation to immunoglobulin diversity were studied by comparing germline gene sequences with their rearranged counterparts for the mouse VH, V kappa, and V lambda genes. The mutation rate at the amino acid level was estimated to be 7.0% in the first and second complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) and 2.0% in the framework regions (FRs). The difference in the mutation rate at the nucleotide level between the CDRs and FRs was of the same order of magnitude as that for the amino acid level. Analysis of amino acid diversity or nucleotide diversity indicated that the contribution of somatic mutation to immunoglobulin diversity is approximately 5%. However, the contribution of somatic mutation to the number of different amino acid sequences of immunoglobulins is much larger than that estimated by the analysis of amino acid diversity, and more than 90% of the different immunoglobulins seem to be generated by somatic mutation. Examination of the pattern of nucleotide substitution has suggested that clonal selection after somatic mutation may not be as strong as generally believed.
Graphical Contents (2016)

Synthesis, structural and spectral characterization, and in vitro nuclease
Identification of spam email based on information from email header (2013)

Spam email becomes a big issue in email communication. It causes continuous problems to the network administrator and security expert to prevent or mitigate it effectively. There are many types of techniques used by the spammer to send illegitimate email messages. Most of the techniques used in email header. Spammer highlighted several information contained in the email header that can be converted or forged to mislead the spam detection system. In this paper, we highlight several features contained in the email header that can be used to identify and classify spam messages efficiently. Those features are selected based on their performance in detecting spam messages. This paper also commonalize each features contains in Yahoo mail, Gmail and Hotmail so that a generic spam messages detection mechanism could be proposed for all major email providers.
2,4-Dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiones as potential antidepressant agents (1988)

A series of 5-aryl-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiones was prepared and evaluated for potential antidepressant activity. Members of this series were generally prepared by the alkaline ring closures of the corresponding 1-aroylthiosemicarbazides. Several members of this series were potent antagonists of both RO 4-1284-induced hypothermia and reserpine-induced ptosis in mice. In general the more active members of this series were substituted by haloaryl groups at the 5-position of the triazole nucleus and by methyl groups at the 2- and 4-positions. Exchange of the thiocarbonyl group at the 3-position for a carbonyl group resulted in the complete loss of activity. Biochemical evaluation of the more active members of this series indicated that the aforementioned activities were not a consequence of either norepinephrine (NE) uptake or monoamine oxidase inhibition. In an attempt to determine a mechanism of action, one member of this series, compound 22, was selected for further evaluation in an electrophysiological model where it was found to reduce norepinephrine function in the cerebellum as measured by the NE augmentation of GABA inhibition of Purkinje neurons.
Multi-Sensor Data Fusion in Presence of Uncertainty and Inconsistency in Data (2009)

Modern control systems are characterized by increased complexity, flexibility, intelligence and enhanced ability to handle uncertainty. In order to incorporate the above features, the control systems need to possess significant capabilities such as perception, knowledge acquisition, learning, adaptability, and reasoning. The ability to percieve its environment forms a very important characteristic of such control systems. The revolutionary advancement in the field of sensor technology that has led to the development of superior sensing capabilities, and progress in computing and information processing, has made it possible to develop systems with enhanced perceptive abilities. Modern control systems generally employ multiple sensors to provide diverse, complementary as well as redundant information. These multiple sensor systems necessitate the development of sensor fusion algorithms that can combine information in a coherent and synergistic manner to yield a robust, accurate, and consistent description of quantities of interest in the environment. There are several issues that arise when fusing information The most fundamental of these issues arise from the inherent uncertainty in sensor measurement. The uncertainties in sensor measurement are caused not only by the device impreciseness and noise, but also manifest themselves from the ambiguities and inconsistencies present within the environment, and from an inability to distinguish between them. The strategies used to fuse data from multiple sensors should be capable of handling these uncertainties, and combining different types of information to obtain a consistent description of the environment. Some of the popular techniques for sensor fusion that are explored extensively in literature include
Development of Porous Antireflective Films on Soda‐Lime‐Silica Glass (1984)

Glass compositions were surveyed to identify candidates that could be heat‐treated to produce an interconnected phase‐separated structure needed for porous antireflective films and which matched the viscosity‐temperature characteristics needed for the float glass process. A glass composition of 10% Na 2 O,10% CaO, and 80% SiO 2 meets these criteria. Microstructural development and film‐formation kinetics were characterized to permit definition of appropriate heat‐treatment and selective dissolution processes. Broadband antireflective characteristics were developed on treated glass surfaces.
Rapid in situ generation of DNA restriction endonuclease patterns for Neisseria gonorrhoeae (1989)

Restriction endonuclease (RE) digestion patterns of 26 isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae representing different serovars of serogroups WI, WII, and WIII were generated by agarose pellet entrapment and in situ digestion with HinfI and BglII. The method was fast, simple, and reproducible, and stable RE patterns were produced from subsequent in vitro passages. The cost of culture materials was reduced considerably, and no toxic or flammable solvents needed to be used. Excellent resolution of DNA fragments of higher molecular weights was obtained as a result of minimal mechanical shearing of the DNA. The REs HinfI and BglII were discriminative in the fragment length ranges of 2 to 6.5 and 2.5 to 21.5 kilobases, respectively. On the basis of densitometric scanning of electrophoretograms generated by HinfI digestion, the 26 isolates representing 12 serovars were divided into seven groups. BglII was found to be more discriminative; 15 RE patterns were established among the 26 isolates. Patterns generated by both REs showed that there was no correlation between a particular RE pattern and a serovar, since strains with identical RE patterns were from different serovars. With the exception of two strains (D3 and D14), which demonstrated positive correlation when both enzymes were used, all strains with identical serovar patterns had different RE patterns.
Inferring Functional Neural Connectivity with Phase Synchronization Analysis: A Review of Methodology (2012)

Functional neural connectivity is drawing increasing attention in neuroscience research. To infer functional connectivity from observed neural signals, various methods have been proposed. Among them, phase synchronization analysis is an important and effective one which examines the relationship of instantaneous phase between neural signals but neglecting the influence of their amplitudes. In this paper, we review the advances in methodologies of phase synchronization analysis. In particular, we discuss the definitions of instantaneous phase, the indexes of phase synchronization and their significance test, the issues that may affect the detection of phase synchronization and the extensions of phase synchronization analysis. In practice, phase synchronization analysis may be affected by observational noise, insufficient samples of the signals, volume conduction, and reference in recording neural signals. We make comments and suggestions on these issues so as to better apply phase synchronization analysis to inferring functional connectivity from neural signals.
Efficient Java Native Interface for Android Based Mobile Devices (2011)

Java has been making its way into the embedded systems and mobile devices like Android. The Java platform specifies the Java Native Interface (JNΓ) which allows Java code that runs within a JVM to interoperate with applications or libraries that are written in other languages and compiled to the host CPU. JNI plays an important role in embedded system as it provides a mechanism to interact with libraries specific to the platform and to take the advantage of fast execution of native programs. To address the overhead incurred in the JNI due to reflection and serialization, this paper proposes to cache class, field, and method information obtained from reflection for subsequent usage. It also provides a function to pin objects to their memory locations such that they can be accesses through the known reference. The Android emulator is used to evaluate the performance of these techniques and we observed that there was 1030 % performance gain in the Java Native Interface for two Android applications.
[The study on the role of apoptosis suppressive gene bcl-2 in the pathogenesis of hemangioma]. (1999)

It can be deduced from the results that there is an intimate relationship between bcl-2 and the growth of cavernous and racemose hemangioma, and the lower expression of bcl-2 in capillary hemangioma shows that capillary hemangioma may disappear naturally.
Image reconstruction with a hexagonal grid (2003)

Conventional image reconstruction methods use a square grid for ease of calculation or display of the image. On a square grid there are two possible ways to define neighboring pixels. We can either regard pixels as neighbors when they have a common edge or when they have at least one common corner, so that four and eight neighbors exist (a 4-neighborhood and an 8-neighborhood) and the distance between adjacent pixels is different in the horizontal (or vertical) direction from that in the diagonal direction. The difference in the distance between the neighbors introduces inconsistency when we interpolate neighboring pixel values with a weighting (kernel) function such as a blob (overlapping spherical elements having bell-shaped radial profiles). On the other hand, they do not occur with a hexagonal grid. On the hexagonal grid, we can only define a 6-neighborhood. Neighboring pixels have always one common edge and two common corners. Moreover, the distances between the neighboring pixels are equal. This paper describes an attempt to reconstruct SPECT images with a hexagonal grid with blobs. In the image reconstruction we used the spherically symmetric volume element (blob) proposed by R.M. Lewitt. And we located the center of the blob at the center of the hexagonal grid. We compared this image with an image reconstructed on a square grid. Simulation results showed the advantage of the hexagonal grid over the square grid.
212. Phthalocyanines. Part I. A new type of synthetic colouring matters (1934)

R. P. Linstead, J. Chem. Soc., 1934, 1016 DOI: 10.1039/JR9340001016
Detection of Nitrobenzene, DNT, and TNT Vapors by Quenching of Porous Silicon Photoluminescence (2000)

The detection of nitroaromatic molecules in air by the quenching of the photoluminescence of porous silicon (porous Si) films has been explored. Detection is achieved by monitoring the photoluminescence (PL) of a nanocrystalline porous Si film on exposure to the analyte of interest in a flowing air stream. The photoluminescence is quenched on exposure to the nitroaromatic, presumably by an electron-transfer mechanism. Detection limits of 500 parts-per-billion (ppb), 2 ppb, and 1 ppb were observed for nitrobenzene, 2.4-dinitrotoluene (DNT), and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), respectively (exposure times of 5 min for each, in air). Specificity for detection is achieved by catalytic oxidation of the nitroaromatic compound. A platinum oxide (PtO2) or palladium oxide (PdO) catalyst at 250 degrees C. placed in the carrier gas line upstream of the porous Si detector, causes oxidation of all the nitroaromatic compounds studied. The catalyst does not oxidize benzene vapor, and control experiments show no difference in the extent of PL quenching by benzene with or without an upstream catalyst. The PL quenching by NO2, released in the catalytic oxidation of nitroaromatic compounds, is less efficient than the quenching of the intact nitroaromatic compound. This provides a means to discriminate nitro-containing molecules from other organic species.
Authenticated storage using small trusted hardware (2013)

A major security concern with outsourcing data storage to third-party providers is authenticating the integrity and freshness of data. State-of-the-art software-based approaches require clients to maintain state and cannot immediately detect forking attacks, while approaches that introduce limited trusted hardware (e.g., a monotonic counter) at the storage server achieve low throughput. This paper proposes a new design for authenticating data storage using a small piece of high-performance trusted hardware attached to an untrusted server. The proposed design achieves significantly higher throughput than previous designs. The server-side trusted hardware allows clients to authenticate data integrity and freshness without keeping any mutable client-side state. Our design achieves high performance by parallelizing server-side authentication operations and permitting the untrusted server to maintain caches and schedule disk writes, while enforcing precise crash recovery and write access control.
Dynamic behavior of paired claudin strands within apposing plasma membranes (2003)

The tight junction (TJ) strand is a linear proteinaceous polymer spanning plasma membranes, and each TJ strand associates laterally with another TJ strand in the apposing membranes of adjacent cells to form "paired" TJ strands. Claudins have been identified as the major constituents of TJ strands, and when exogenously expressed in L fibroblasts, they polymerize into paired strands, which are morphologically similar to paired TJ strands in epithelia. Here, we show that a fusion protein of GFP with claudin-1 can also form similar paired strands in L fibroblasts, allowing us to directly observe individual paired claudin strands in live cells in real time. These paired strands showed more dynamic behavior than expected; they were occasionally broken and annealed, and dynamically associated with each other in both an end-to-side and side-to-side manner. Through this behavior of individual paired claudin strands, the network of strands was reorganized dynamically. Furthermore, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching analyses revealed that claudin molecules were not mobile within paired strands. Although these observations are not necessarily representative of TJ strands per se in epithelial cells, they provide important information on the structural and kinetic properties of TJ strands in situ with significant implications for barrier function of TJs.
Systemic treatment of metastatic uveal melanoma: review of literature and future perspectives (2013)

Up to 50% of patients with uveal melanoma develop metastatic disease with poor prognosis. Regional, mainly liver-directed, therapies may induce limited tumor responses but do not improve overall survival. Response rates of metastatic uveal melanoma (MUM) to systemic chemotherapy are poor. Insights into the molecular biology of MUM recently led to investigation of new drugs. In this study, to compare response rates of systemic treatment for MUM we searched Pubmed/Web of Knowledge databases and ASCO website (1980-2013) for "metastatic/uveal/melanoma" and "melanoma/eye." Forty studies (one case series, three phase I, five pilot, 22 nonrandomized, and two randomized phase II, one randomized phase III study, data of three expanded access programs, three retrospective studies) with 841 evaluable patients were included in the numeric outcome analysis. Complete or partial remissions were observed in 39/841 patients (overall response rate [ORR] 4.6%; 95% confidence intervals [CI] 3.3-6.3%), no responses were observed in 22/40 studies. Progression-free survival ranged from 1.8 to 7.2, median overall survival from 5.2 to 19.0 months as reported in 21/40 and 26/40 studies, respectively. Best responses were seen for chemoimmunotherapy (ORR 10.3%; 95% CI 4.8-18.7%) though mainly in first-line patients. Immunotherapy with ipilimumab, antiangiogenetic approaches, and kinase inhibitors have not yet proven to be superior to chemotherapy. MEK inhibitors are currently investigated in a phase II trial with promising preliminary data. Despite new insights into genetic and molecular background of MUM, satisfying systemic treatment approaches are currently lacking. Study results of innovative treatment strategies are urgently awaited.
Chrg-http: a tool for micropayments on the world wide web (1996)

Chrg-http is a simple and secure protocol for electronic payments over the Internet, especially in an intranet environment. It is designed to support those micropayments (or more specific, electronic publishing) , which have costs ranging from pennies to a few dollars. A widely used secure system Kerberos V5 has been incorporated into the http protocol. The security and authentication of a transaction is provided by Kerberos, without expensive public key cryptographic computations, or on-line processing through a centralized payment processing server, which is the case to most of the existing electronic payment systems on the World Wide Web. Our implementation is based on the billing model (or the subscription model). The simplicity of the model also helps to reduce the charging cost overhead. 1 Introduction The World Wide Web (WWW) [4] has become a very popular facility for dissemination of information on the Internet. However, most of the information on the Internet is free. Intelle...
Human Pose Estimation with Spatial Contextual Information (2019)

We explore the importance of spatial contextual information in human pose estimation. Most state-of-the-art pose networks are trained in a multi-stage manner and produce several auxiliary predictions for deep supervision. With this principle, we present two conceptually simple and yet computational efficient modules, namely Cascade Prediction Fusion (CPF) and Pose Graph Neural Network (PGNN), to exploit underlying contextual information. Cascade prediction fusion accumulates prediction maps from previous stages to extract informative signals. The resulting maps also function as a prior to guide prediction at following stages. To promote spatial correlation among joints, our PGNN learns a structured representation of human pose as a graph. Direct message passing between different joints is enabled and spatial relation is captured. These two modules require very limited computational complexity. Experimental results demonstrate that our method consistently outperforms previous methods on MPII and LSP benchmark.
Comprehensive Study on G protein alpha-Subunits in Taste Bud Cells, with Special Reference to the Occurrence of Galphai2 as a Major Galpha Species (2000)

Previous studies have identified many cDNA species that encode a variety of G protein alpha-subunits occurring in taste buds. These include the cDNA encoding a taste-bud-specific Galpha, gustducin (G(gust)). Here we carried out comprehensive analyses of Galpha species that occur in the taste buds of rat circumvallate papillae and also in their single cells isolated from the taste buds. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction showed the presence of 10 kinds of Galpha cDNAs, including a splice variant of Galphas, among which G(gust), Galphas, Galphai2 and Galphai3 cDNAs were shown to be major species. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry showed that Galphai2, as well as G(gust), expressed in a subset of taste bud cells, and the frequency of Galphai2-expression appears to be higher than that of G(gust). Southern analyses of the amplified cDNA from single cells showed that each taste bud cell expresses multiple Galpha mRNA species. For example, some Galphai2-positive cells also express one or more other Galpha species, including Galphas, Galphai3 and G(gust), and there is no apparent correlation in expression among the three Galpha species.
Spattering in pulsed GMA welding. (1986)

The spattering in the pulsed GMA welding with a short arc length was investigated and a practical method for suppressing the spatter was presented. An arc length is usually kept short in order to raise the welding speed without a weld flaw. But, in such a case, the short circuit between the wire and the base metal frequently takes place. The spattering was observed with a highspeed framing camera and changes of the gas density around the arc were observed by the shadowgraph method. It was made clear that the spattering was resulted from the short circuit. The spatter was genearted by the rapid Jouleheating at the minimum cross-section of the molten metal.The practical method for suppressing the spatter was to control the current waveform so that the short circuit may take place during the base duration.With the inverter controlled power source, the amount of splashed spatter was decreased up to onetenth of that obtained with the conventional pulsed GMA welding power source.