gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Coupled microstrip line transverse electromagnetic resonator model for high‐field magnetic resonance imaging (2002)

The performance modeling of RF resonators at high magnetic fields of 4.7 T and more requires a physical approach that goes beyond conventional lumped circuit concepts. The treatment of voltages and currents as variables in time and space leads to a coupled transmission line model, whereby the electric and magnetic fields are assumed static in planes orthogonal to the length of the resonator, but wave-like along its longitudinal axis. In this work a multiconductor transmission line (MTL) model is developed and successfully applied to analyze a 12-element unloaded and loaded microstrip line transverse electromagnetic (TEM) resonator coil for animal studies. The loading involves a homogeneous cylindrical dielectric insert of variable radius and length. This model formulation is capable of estimating the resonance spectrum, field distributions, and certain types of losses in the coil, while requiring only modest computational resources. The boundary element method is adopted to compute all relevant transmission line parameters needed to set up the transmission line matrices. Both the theoretical basis and its engineering implementation are discussed and the resulting model predictions are placed in context with measurements. A comparison between a conventional lumped circuit model and this distributed formulation is conducted, showing significant departures in the resonance response at higher frequencies. This MTL model is applied to simulate two small-bore animal systems: one of 7.5-cm inner diameter, tuned to 200 MHz (4.7 T for proton imaging), and one of 13.36-cm inner diameter, tuned to both 200 and 300 MHz (7 T).
Macrophage elastase (MMP-12): a pro-inflammatory mediator? (2005)

As many metalloproteinases (MMPs), macrophage elastase (MMP-12) is able to degrade extracellular matrix components such as elastin and is involved in tissue remodeling processes. Studies using animal models of acute and chronic pulmonary inflammatory diseases, such as pulmonary fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), have given evidences that MMP-12 is an important mediator of the pathogenesis of these diseases. However, as very few data regarding the direct involvement of MMP-12 in inflammatory process in the airways were available, we have instilled a recombinant form of human MMP-12 (rhMMP-12) in mouse airways. Hence, we have demonstrated that this instillation induced a severe inflammatory cell recruitment characterized by an early accumulation of neutrophils correlated with an increase in proinflammatory cytokines and in gelatinases and then by a relatively stable recruitment of macrophages in the lungs over a period of ten days. Another recent study suggests that resident alveolar macrophages and recruited neutrophils are not involved in the delayed macrophage recruitment. However, epithelial cells could be one of the main targets of rhMMP-12 in our model. We have also reported that a corticoid, dexamethasone, phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, rolipram and a non-selective MMP inhibitor, marimastat could reverse some of these inflammatory events. These data indicate that our rhMMP-12 model could mimic some of the inflammatory features observed in COPD patients and could be used for the pharmacological evaluation of new anti-inflammatory treatment. In this review, data demonstrating the involvement of MMP-12 in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis and COPD as well as our data showing a pro-inflammatory role for MMP-12 in mouse airways will be summarized.
Photochemistry on nonreactive and reactive (semiconductor) surfaces (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotochemistry on nonreactive and reactive (semiconductor) surfacesPrashant V. KamatCite this: Chem. Rev. 1993, 93, 1, 267–300Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr00017a013https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00017a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views7156Altmetric-Citations1542LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Subcellular Compartmentation and Differential Catalytic Properties of the Three Human Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Adenylyltransferase Isoforms (2005)

Nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase (NMNAT) is the central enzyme of the NAD biosynthetic pathway. Three human NMNAT isoforms have recently been identified, but isoform-specific functions are presently unknown, although a tissue-specific role has been suggested. Analyses of the subcellular localization confirmed NMNAT1 to be a nuclear protein, whereas NMNAT2 and -3 were localized to the Golgi complex and the mitochondria, respectively. This differential subcellular localization points to an organelle-specific, nonredundant function of each of the three proteins. Comparison of the kinetic properties showed that particularly NMNAT3 exhibits a high tolerance toward substrate modifications. Moreover, as opposed to preferred NAD+ synthesis by NMNAT1, the other two isoforms could also form NADH directly from the reduced nicotinamide mononucleotide, supporting a hitherto unknown pathway of NAD generation. A variety of physiological intermediates was tested and exerted only minor influence on the catalytic activities of the NMNATs. However, gallotannin was found to be a potent inhibitor, thereby compromising its use as a specific inhibitor of poly-ADP-ribose glycohydrolase. The presence of substrate-specific and independent nuclear, mitochondrial, and Golgi-specific NAD biosynthetic pathways is opposed to the assumption of a general cellular NAD pool. Their existence appears to be consistent with important compartment-specific functions rather than to reflect simple functional redundance.
Root cause analysis of TCP throughput : methodology, techniques, and applications (2006)

L'intérêt pour la métrologie de l'Internet s'est beaucoup accru ces dernières années. Ceci est en grande partie dû à la croissance de l'Internet en termes de volumes de trafic et de nombre de machines reliés à l'Internet. Cette évolution a sucité beaucoup d'envies - du point de vue commercial, social, et technique - d'en savoir plus au sujet des utilisateurs et du trafic Internet en général. Malheureusement, il y a peu de connaissances de ce type disponibles aujourd'hui. C'est pourquoi la métrologie de l'Internet est devenue un domaine substantiel de recherches. Cette thèse porte sur l'analyse du trafic TCP. On estime que TCP transporte 90% du trafic Internet, ce qui implique que TCP est une pièce essentielle dans le fonctionnement de l'Internet. La métrique de performance la plus importante pour les applications est, dans la plupart des cas le débit de transmission ; c'est-à-dire la quantité des données transmises par périodes de temps. Notre objectif est l'analyse du débit de transmission de TCP et l'identification des raisons qui empêchent une connexion TCP d'obtenir un débit plus élevé. Ces raisons peuvent être multiples: l'application, le réseau, ou même le protocole TCP lui-même. Cette thèse comporte trois parties. Une première partie sur la méthodologie, une seconde sur techniques d'analyse de TCP, et une dernière qui est une application de ces technique. Dans la première partie, nous présentons notre méthodologie basée sur un système de gestion de base de données (DBMS) pour l'analyse passive de trafic. Nous expliquons notre approche, nommée InTraBase, qui est basée sur un système de gestion de base de données orienté objet. Nous décrivons également notre prototype de cette approche, qui est implémenté au dessus de PostgreSQL, et nous évaluons et optimisons ses performances. Dans la deuxième partie, nous présentons les contributions principales de cette thèse: les techniques d'analyse des causes du débit de transmission TCP observé. Nous présentons les différentes causes potentielles qui peuvent empêcher une connexion TCP d'obtenir un débit plus élevé et nous expliquons en détail les algorithmes que nous avons développé pour détecter ces causes. Etant donné leur hétérogénéité et leur impact sur le débit TCP, nous accordons une grande importance aux applications au dessus de TCP. La troisième partie de cette thèse est une étude de cas du trafic des clients d'un réseau d'accès commercial d'ADSL. L'étude se concentre sur l'analyse des performances des transferts de données d'un point de vue client. Nous démontrons quelques résultats étonnants, tel le fait que les performances globalement faibles des applications pair-à-pair sont dues aux limitations du débit de transmission imposées par ces applications (et non à la congestion dans le réseau).
Intermittent contact resonance atomic force microscopy (2014)

The intermittent contact resonance atomic force microscopy (ICR-AFM) mode proposed here is a new frequency modulation technique performed in scanning force controlled AFM modes like force volume or peak force tapping. It consists of tracking the change in the resonance frequency of an eigenmode of a driven AFM cantilever during scanning as the AFM probe intermittently contacts a surface at a controlled applied maximum force (setpoint). A high speed data capture was used during individual oscillations to obtain detailed contact stiffness-force curve measurements on a two-phase polystyrene/poly(methyl methacrylate) film with sub-micrometer size domains. Through a suitable normalization, the measurements were analyzed by linear fits to provide an improved quantitative characterization of these materials in terms of their elastic moduli and adhesive properties.
Micro-strip-line-based sensing chips for characterization of polar liquids in terahertz regime (2006)

We have developed embedded thin-film micro-strip-line-based sensor chips working in terahertz regime. In the chip, terahertz waves are generated and detected with femtosecond optical pulses accessed from the back side of the chips. Moreover, the spectroscopic sensitivity can be freely adjusted by changing the thickness of a polyimide cover layer. They make it easy to measure polar liquids. The measurement of water is demonstrated with spectral range from 30GHzto1–1.5THz, where the upper limit depends on the thickness of the cover layer.
Selling social work by the pound? The pros and cons of agency care management (2006)

This article considers the experiences of a small group of agency care managers (n = 23) working in London and the north of England. It was discovered that employment for occupationally migrant care managers can provide access to a potentially rich source of knowledge and skills, as well as a diverse and sometimes stimulating form of irregular employment. However, it was also discovered that work intensification, job insecurity and limited time spent with users and carers were common, and this further intensified the deskilling and lack of discretion which is common for many care managers. It is concluded that the increase in agencies that supply care managers to social services departments (among other sectors of social care) is further evidence of the ongoing privatisation of state social work and there are important implications for social workers, users and their informal carers.
Magnetization reversal of deep submicron magnetic elements (2003)

Summary form only given. Magnetic films patterned into deep submicron scale are of great interest with future high density storage and memory devices. These applications require the magnetic behavior, especially switching field, of submicron elements to be well defined. We have calculated the switching field behavior and remanent magnetization configuration for single films and synthetic antiferromagnets (ferromagnet/nonmagnet/ferromagnet:SyAF). In this work, experimental study was carried out using Ni/sub 80/Fe/sub 20/ films. We will present these results in conjunction with the results of the micromagnetic simulation and demonstrate the advantage of the SyAF.
Knowledge-based interface to manufacturing computer systems (1988)

Article Free AccessKnowledge-based interface to manufacturing computer systems Share on Authors: D. Wilson Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZView Profile , D. O. Knight Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZView Profile Authors Info & Claims IEA/AIE '88: Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Industrial and engineering applications of artificial intelligence and expert systems - Volume 2June 1988 Pages 1183–1189https://doi.org/10.1145/55674.55742Online:01 June 1988Publication History 0citation237DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations0Total Downloads237Last 12 Months0Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
A close look on <i>n</i> -grams in intrusion detection (2013)

Detection methods based on n-gram models have been widely studied for the identification of attacks and malicious software. These methods usually build on one of two learning schemes: anomaly detection, where a model of normality is constructed from n-grams, or classification, where a discrimination between benign and malicious n-grams is learned. Although successful in many security domains, previous work falls short of explaining why a particular scheme is used and more importantly what renders one favorable over the other for a given type of data. In this paper we provide a close look on n-gram models for intrusion detection. We specifically study anomaly detection and classification using n-grams and develop criteria for data being used in one or the other scheme. Furthermore, we apply these criteria in the scope of web intrusion detection and empirically validate their effectiveness with different learning-based detection methods for client-side and service-side attacks.
A Systematic Screen of FDA-Approved Drugs for Inhibitors of Biological Threat Agents (2013)

The feasibility of repurposing existing drugs to face novel threats is demonstrated and this represents the first effort to apply this approach to high containment bacteria and viruses.
Investigation of the gate-driven effect and substrate-triggered effect on ESD robustness of CMOS devices (2001)

The gate-driven effect and substrate-triggered effect on electrostatic discharge (ESD) robustness of CMOS devices are measured and compared in this paper. The operation principles of gate-grounded design, gate-driven design, and substrate-triggered design on CMOS devices for ESD protection are explained clearly by energy-band diagrams. The relations between ESD robustness and the devices with different triggered methods are also explained by transmission line pulsing (TLP) measured results and energy-band diagrams. The turn-on mechanisms of nMOS devices with triggered methods are further verified using the emission microscope (EMMI) photographs of the nMOS devices under current stress. The experimental results confirm that the substrate-triggered design can effectively and continually improve ESD robustness of CMOS devices better than the gate-driven design. The human body model (HBM) ESD level of nMOS with a W/L of 400 /spl mu/m/0.8 /spl mu/m in a silicided CMOS process can be improved from the original 3.5 kV to over 8 kV by using the substrate-triggered design. The gate-driven design cannot continually improve the ESD level of the device in the same deep-submicron CMOS process.
<i>In vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> targeting of hollow gold nanoshells directed at epidermal growth factor receptor for photothermal ablation therapy (2008)

Laser-induced phototherapy is a new therapeutic use of electromagnetic radiation for cancer treatment. The use of targeted plasmonic gold nanoparticles can reduce the laser energy necessary for selective tumor cell destruction. However, the ability for targeted delivery of the currently used gold nanoparticles to tumor cells is limited. Here, we describe a new class of molecular specific photothermal coupling agents based on hollow gold nanoshells (HAuNS; average diameter, approximately 30 nm) covalently attached to monoclonal antibody directed at epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). The resulting anti-EGFR-HAuNS exhibited excellent colloidal stability and efficient photothermal effect in the near-infrared region. EGFR-mediated selective uptake of anti-EGFR-HAuNS in EGFR-positive A431 tumor cells but not IgG-HAuNS control was shown in vitro by imaging scattered light from the nanoshells. Irradiation of A431 cells treated with anti-EGFR-HAuNS with near-infrared laser resulted in selective destruction of these cells. In contrast, cells treated with anti-EGFR-HAuNS alone, laser alone, or IgG-HAuNS plus laser did not show observable effect on cell viability. Using 111In-labeled HAuNS, we showed that anti-EGFR-HAuNS could be delivered to EGFR-positive tumors at 6.8% ID/g, and the microscopic image of excised tumor with scattering signal from nanoshells confirmed preferential delivery to A431 tumor of anti-EGFR-HAuNS compared with IgG-HAuNS. The absence of silica core, the relatively small particle size and high tumor uptake, and the absence of cytotoxic surfactant required to stabilize other gold nanoparticles suggest that immuno-HAuNS have the potential to extend to in vivo molecular therapy.
CONTROL OF POINSETTIA GROWTH AND PIGMENTATION BY MANIPULATING LIGHT QUALITY (1990)

Euphorbia pulcherrima `Glory' were grown under natural photoperiods from 5 Oct. to 20 Dec. in specially constructed growth chambers equipped with clear double-walled polycarbonate panels filled with liquids that served as spectral filters. The filters were a blue dye that increased far-red/red FR/R) light, a CuSO 4 solution that decreased FR/R, and H 2 O (control) which did not alter FR/R from natural light. The FR/R values were 1.01, 0.86, and 0.34 for blue dye, H 2 O (natural), and CuSO 4 , respectively. FR and R were measured at 725-730 and 655-660nm, respectively. Plants grown under the CuSO 4 filter were 32% shorter, with shorter internodes (48%), greater leaf chlorophyll (25%), and more lateral branches (17%) than controls. Plants grown under blue dye filters did not differ from controls. All plants developed normal bracts and flowers.
Ablation characteristics of an aromatic thermosetting copolyester/carbon fiber composite (2012)

High-temperature stable aromatic thermosetting copolyesters (ATSP) show great promise for use as a matrix in high-strength carbon fiber (C) composites. In this article, we characterize the ablation characteristics of ATSP/C composites using a high-power laser. ATSP/C shows very low recession rates of less than 0.14 mm/s at heat fluxes of approximately 4000 W/cm 2 . The backface temperatures for both 1 and 4 g/cm 2 areal densities are well below 250°C. Scanning electron microscope and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses suggest formation of a stable char that holds the reinforcing carbon fibers. Density of the charred composite is the same along the thickness suggesting uniform charring. Thermogravimetric analysis measurements show that the char yield is around 40–43%.
Data Mining Technology And The Research And Analysis Of The Algorithm (2016)

At the age of "Big Data"the information has the characteristics of large volume, high complexity, fast growth and so on,as a kind of data processing, data mining is the key technology of the information of the era of "Big data" .The technology of data mining involves a lot of relevant research methods.This paper expounds the concept of data mining technology and data mining process and method of data mining technology and algorithm are compared,at the age of "Big Data".
Stratified round Robin (2003)

Fair queuing is a well-studied problem in modern computer networks. However, there remains a gap between scheduling algorithms that have provably good performance, and those that are feasible and practical to implement in high speed routers. In this paper, we propose a novel packet scheduler called Stratified Round Robin, which has low complexity, and is amenable to a simple hardware implementation. Stratified Robin Robin exhibits good fairness and delay properties that are demonstrated through both analytical results and simulations. In particular, it provides a single packet delay bound that is independent of the number of flows. This property is unique to Stratified Round Robin among all other schedulers of comparable complexity.
Increased endothelin-1 in colorectal cancer and reduction of tumour growth by ETA receptor antagonism (2001)

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a vasoconstrictor peptide which stimulates proliferation in vitro in different cell types, including colorectal cancer cells. Raised ET-1 levels have been detected both on tissue specimens and in the plasma of patients with cancers. To investigate the role of ET-1 in colorectal cancer: (i) ET-1 plasma levels in patients with colorectal cancer were measured by radioimmunoassay: group 1 = controls (n = 22), group 2 = primary colorectal cancer only (n = 39), group 3 = liver metastases only (n = 26); (ii) ET-1 expression in primary colorectal cancer specimens (n =10) was determined immunohistochemically and (iii) the effect of intraportally infused antagonists to the two ET-1 receptors, ET(A) and ET(B), on the growth of liver metastases in a rat model was assessed. ET-1 plasma levels were significantly increased in both patients with primary tumour and patients with metastases, compared to controls (P < 0.01, 3.9 +/- 1.4, 4.5 +/- 1.5, vs. 2.75 +/- 1.37 pg/ml, respectively). Immunohistochemically, strong expression of ET-1 was found in the cytoplasm, stroma and blood vessels of cancers, unlike the normal colon where only the apical layer of the epithelium, vascular endothelial cells and surrounding stroma were positively stained. In the rat model, there was significant reduction in liver tumour weights compared to controls, following treatment with the ET(A) antagonist (BQ123) 30 min after the intraportal inoculation of tumour cells (P < 0.05). These results suggest ET-1 is produced by colorectal cancers and may play a role in the growth of colorectal cancer acting through ET(A) receptors. ET(A) antagonists are indicated as potential anti-cancer agents.
Design of a magnetic-pole enhanced inductively coupled plasma source (2001)

The trend towards large-area substrates stressed by the semiconductor and flat panel display (FPD) industries is propelling the large-area plasma source developments. In this work, a novel inductively coupled plasma source enabling large-area plasma production is presented: the magnetic-pole-enhanced inductively coupled plasma source (MaPE-ICP). The plasma source is based on the use of a coil inductor embedded within a high magnetic permeability pole to enhance the magnetic coupling between the coil and the plasma.