gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
4-Hydroxycoumarins. Synthesis of the metabolites and some other derivatives of warfarin (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT4-Hydroxycoumarins. Synthesis of the metabolites and some other derivatives of warfarinWalter M. Barker, Mark A. Hermodson, and K. P. LinkCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1971, 14, 2, 167–169Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00284a022https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00284a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views945Altmetric-Citations75LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The benzodiazepine story (1978)

For 10 years Valium® (2) has been the most frequently prescribed drug. It is a safe, potent anxiolytic with pronounced muscle relaxant properties, and is the best known tranquilizer of its kind. It contains, as active ingredient, diazepam (7-chloro-1,3-dihydro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one).
Pressure-tuned colossal improvement of thermoelectric efficiency of PbTe (2007)

The variations in thermoelectric (TE) efficiencies æ of lead chalcogenide compounds (p-PbTe, n-PbTe, p-Pb0.55Te0.45, p-Pb1−xSnxTe1−y, p-PbSe, and p-PbS) at room temperature for the pressure P range of P∼0–10GPa are reported. A colossal (∼100 times) pressure-tuned improvement of æ is found for PbTe-based crystals under application of P∼2–3GPa. The employed high-pressure cell with synthetic diamond anvils is a model of a simple and effective TE device.
On the Formation of a Protic Ionic Liquid in Nature (2014)

The practical utility of ionic liquids (ILs) makes the absence (heretofore) of reported examples from nature quite puzzling, given the facility with which nature produces many other types of exotic but utilitarian substances. In that vein, we report here the identification and characterization of a naturally occurring protic IL. It can be formed during confrontations between the ants S. invicta and N. fulva. After being sprayed with alkaloid-based S. invicta venom, N. fulva detoxifies by grooming with its own venom, formic acid. The mixture is a viscous liquid manifestly different from either of the constituents. Further, we find that the change results as a consequence of formic acid protonation of the N centers of the S. invicta venom alkaloids. The resulting mixed-cation ammonium formate milieu has properties consistent with its classification as a protic IL.
Acousto-Optic Laser Recording (1981)

This paper describes techniques for the implementation of high speed, high resolution laser line and/or raster scanned recorders through use of acousto-optic deflection and modulation. A rationale for the design of scanned imaging is presented, discussing such topics as horizontal and vertical, modulation transfer function (MTF), exposure requirements when scanning with a Gaussian spot, and the effect of film characteristics (gamma). A descrip-tion of several working systems is presented. These include the LR-100/200 Laser Recorder which involves the recording of 875 line television imagery on 8 and 16 mm dry processed film, and a high resolution line scanner (4000-6000 spots) that was brassboarded solely with the use of acousto-optic components. The heart of each of these systems is a patented acousto-optic device called the chirp scanner which permits high resolution, high speed scans with literally zero flyback time. This device also forms the basis of a future system capable of direct digital recording at a 150 to 200 Mbit rate.
ChemInform Abstract: Superacidic Cyclization of Homo‐ and Bishomoisoprenoidic Acids, e.g. ( I). (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
An acknowledgment bucket scheme for regulating TCP flow over ATM (2002)

The available bit rate (ABR) service has been developed to support data traffic over ATM networks and provide end-to-end congestion control at the ATM layer. However, as most data applications today are only connected to ATM via legacy networks, simulation results in ATM Forum contributions suggest that ABR may still cause congestion at network interfaces and cannot provide adequate flow control on an end-to-end basis between data sources. We propose a new efficient scheme for regulating TCP traffic over ATM networks with the goal of minimizing the network interface buffer requirement. The key idea underlying our scheme is to match the TCP source rate to the ABR explicit rate by controlling the flow of TCP acknowledgments at the network interfaces. We present analytical and simulation results to show that our scheme has minimum buffer requirement, yet offers the same throughput performance as that with an infinite buffer. Moreover, our scheme is transparent to the TCP layer and requires no modification in the ATM network except at the network interface.
Bio-libraries and DNA storage: assessment of patient perception of information. (2001)

The idea of a "well-informed" consent belongs to the criteria defining the validity of a cure and research agreement. Yet, its validity is doubted as soon as the information it implies is not understandable by the patients. Indeed, can the individual be considered autonomous, in the philosophical sense, in a well-informed decision making if the information given to the patient has not been well understood?
Assessment of whiteness and tint of fluorescent substrates with good interinstrument correlation (1994)

Abstract White is primarily a sensation like blue, green, or red and, as such, is not measurable directly. Only a physical property, the spectral reflectance of a sample, can be measured directly. But this is not a standard, fixed quantity; it depends on a number of individual properties of the measuring instrument used. the entire geometry of the illuminating chamber—generally speaking a sphere is used for samples with a structured surface—is incorporated in the measuring results. the size of the aperture and the exclusion or inclusion of gloss also influence reflectance. High whiteness is obtainable only with the aid of fluorescent whitening agents [FWAs], and is hence a fluorescent color, which demands specific qualities of the illumination. the sample illumination must be identical with that for which the colorimetric values have been calculated. Nowadays, however, this is usually standard illuminant D65, which can be simulated only approximately in measuring instruments. In addition, all lamps used are subject to changes in spectral energy distribution. the problem is how to obtain constant, comparable results, namely whiteness, tint, and lightness for fluorescent materials using measuring instruments of different designs incorporating different means of simulating standard illuminant D65 or other D illuminants. This article presents a method that has been in use in industry for about 20 years. the method in question comprises two parts: first, on the hardware side, sample illumination that has to meet specific requirements, match the UV excitation required, and remain stable; second, on the software side, the two critical dimensions of whiteness and tint are calculated indirectly from the measuring results. Only in this way is it possible to achieve a large measure of comparability between different instruments. In principle, the method is also suitable for different illuminants and for any white preference. In all other methods of assessment the parameters are not matched to the instrument characteristics. If the results obtained with different measuring instruments are to be compared, difference values have to be used, entailing the need for standards and involving all the drawbacks associated with them.
The design and implementation of an OLAP system for sequence data analysis (2008)

We design a novel online analytical processing system for sequence data analysis (the S-OLAP system). The biggest distinction of S-OLAP from traditional OLAP is that a sequence can be characterized not only by the attributes' values of its constituting items, but also by the subsequence/substring patterns it possesses. Traditional OLAP systems and techniques were not designed for sequence data and thus they are incapable of supporting sequence data analysis. This paper describes my Ph.D research on the design and implementation of the S-OLAP system. The proposed system is able to support 'pattern-based' grouping and aggregation, which is currently not supported by any OLAP system. The preliminary ideas, significant research issues as well as major challenges of this ongoing project are presented.
Effective alignment techniques and their implementation to enhance total overlay accuracy on highly reflective films (1995)

Comparative analysis of the total overlay accuracy on aluminum (Al) and chemical vapor deposition tungsten (CVD-W) was carried out as a function of the available alignment techniques over the various process conditions. In the case of Al films, they were prepared at the various sputtering temperatures, thicknesses, and step heights. The total accuracy was also examined associated with standard and off-axis illumination (OAl). The effect of the sputtering temperature of single and dual Al deposition has been especially investigated in a view of surface roughness, which significantly affects total overlay accuracy. It was observed that CVD-W film can be an alternative of Al film. As the Al film deposition temperature decreases, it was found out that random requisition error with a large distribution was improved by implementing an off-axis alignment (OAA) technique with a visual broadband light source. Meanwhile, Al thickness was not so much critical to overlay accuracy comparing with Al sputtering temperature. And also scaling error determined by asymmetric alignment mark shape was minimized according to the optimization of exposure data file. Minimum detectable step height of alignment mark was down to 300 angstrom using a sensitive alignment techniques over the Al film.
Simulating stress reliability Using molecular modeling methodologies (1999)

Molecular dynamics has been used to simulate material cycling for reliability correlation Using molecular stress modeling, the interface is simulated using an applied cyclic strain in order to mimic conditions experienced during a cycling study. Higher or lower temperatures may be added at any time during the model to simulate thermal cycles. The most important information that has been obtained from the modeling has been the connection of the molecular scale behavior to the macroscopic. That is, similarities have been found in the response trends to strain and cycling that suggests a link exist between the molecular-scale mechanism and engineering theories of reliability. Because of the specificity of the model, it is possible to identify and target weaknesses in the material molecular structure, surface or composition. This study was undertaken in order to give the materials chemist a better understanding of the molecular evolution offailure and is currently being used to analyze specific materials considered in adhesive and polymer formulations.
Optimal Path Planning By Cost Wave Propagation In Metric Configuration Space (1989)

In this paper we give a solution to the problem of finding an optimal path for an arbitrary robot among static obstacles, from its present state to the closest of a set of goal states. The path is optimal in the sense of minimizing some criterion (minimum motion, distance, effort, etc.). Our solution is the well-known heuristic search method `A* with h = 0&apos; (no heuristic), applied to a graph representing configuration space, with a metric incorporating the optimization criterion. It is applicable to any robot, unrestricted in the number of degrees of freedom, and capable of handling a broad class of optimization criteria. The method works fairly fast for a few degrees of freedom. Examples in two dimensions are given.
&lt;title&gt;Single-panel reflective LCD projector&lt;/title&gt; (1999)

We have constructed a high resolution projection display with a single reflective LCD panel. Reflective technology based on standard silicon CMOS processing has emerged as a favorable direction for projection displays. Advantages include low investment and fabrication costs, high resolution capability, and high aperture ratio. As a move towards lower cost and high performance, we have applied reflective technology to a single panel projection display. The pixel array is SXGA and is fabricated in a process with both 5 Volt logic and 15 Volt structures. A thin 1 micron liquid crystal cell is formed over the array. A fast on time of 0.2 ms is attained with a nematic LC effect. System architecture is based upon a scrolling color illumination system wherein three color bands are present on the panel at all times. This arrangement avoids the 2/3 light loss in spectral efficiency present in a more conventional color wheel system. The system demonstrates that color sequential projection displays are feasible with LCD devices. And this direction holds great promise in a wide variety of applications including consumer HDTV displays.
Baggy bounds checking: an efficient and backwards-compatible defense against out-of-bounds errors (2009)

Attacks that exploit out-of-bounds errors in C and C++ programs are still prevalent despite many years of research on bounds checking. Previous backwards compatible bounds checking techniques, which can be applied to unmodified C and C++ programs, maintain a data structure with the bounds for each allocated object and perform lookups in this data structure to check if pointers remain within bounds. This data structure can grow large and the lookups are expensive. In this paper we present a backwards compatible bounds checking technique that substantially reduces performance overhead. The key insight is to constrain the sizes of allocated memory regions and their alignment to enable efficient bounds lookups and hence efficient bounds checks at runtime. Our technique has low overhead in practice—only 8 % throughput decrease for Apache— and is more than two times faster than the fastest previous technique and about five times faster—using less memory—than recording object bounds using a splay tree. 1
Anti-herpes simplex virus activity of n-docosanol correlates with intracellular metabolic conversion of the drug (1996)

The 22-carbon fatty alcohol, n-docosanol, exhibits in vitro antiviral activity against several lipid-enveloped viruses including herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 by a mechanism that interferes with normal viral entry into target cells. We previously reported that mammalian cells incorporate significant quantities of radiolabeled n-docosanol. Herein, we report that cells extensively metabolize the internalized fatty alcohol. This is evidenced by incorporation of up to 60% of cell-associated radiolabel into phospholipids that copurify with phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. Analysis by chemical (Vitride) reduction suggests that a significant portion of n-docosanol is oxidized to n-docosanoic acid and then incorporated as an acyl group on polar lipids. A measurable amount of radiolabel, however, is resistant to Vitride reduction, consistent with incorporation of n-docosanol into ether lipids. The rate and extent of metabolic conversion of n-docosanol vary with the cell type and surfactant used to suspend the compound. Furthermore, the anti-HSV activity of n-docosanol is quantitatively proportional to the amount of metabolism observed. These findings suggest that the anti-HSV activity of n-docosanol involves cellular uptake and metabolism of the drug.
Fire dynamics simulator (version 5) : (2007)

The Fire Dynamics Simulator, in various forms, has been under development for almost 25 years. However, the publicly released software has only existed since 2000.
Comparison of Zotarolimus-Eluting and Everolimus-Eluting Coronary Stents (2010)

At 13 months, the new-generation zotarolimus-eluting stent was found to be noninferior to the everolimus-eluting stent in a population of patients who had minimal exclusion criteria. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00617084.)
The growth of berlinite (AlPO4) single crystals (1980)

Single crystals of the berlinite mineral phase of anhydrous aluminum orthophosphate have been grown for possible surface acoustic wave applications. The desired piezoelectric form of AlPO4 is the alpha-phase which is stable from 130 to 580 C. A seeded hydrothermal growth technique was used. Nutrient was prepared by heating hydrated alumina and phosphoric acid in a sealed silver liner from 140 to 200 C at a rate of 5 deg/day and a 15 deg temperature gradient. Because AlPO4 has retrograde solubility, the nutrient was placed in a silver mesh basket in the upper, cooler portion of the liner with the seeds situated in the lower, hotter portion. A 20% free area baffle separated the two regions. Two basic techniques were used for the growth runs. The constant temperature method with a 10 C gradient produced rates of 23-25 mils/day. The rates could be varied significantly depending on such parameters as growth temperature, gradient, nutrient basket mesh size, seed orientation and baffle design. The second technique used increasing temperature at a rate of 5 C/day over the range of 140-200 C to obtain average growth rates of 22-32 mils/day. Seed orientation for most runs was (0001) plates. New growth of AlPO4 for the most part was clear and of fair quality.
Optical fiber gas sensor based on thermal lens spectroscopy (2004)

This article describes how to design an optical fiber gas sensor based on a thermal lens (TL) spectroscopy instrument composed of spherical lensed fibers. This sensor features a detection head composed of two spherical lensed fibers assembled across from each other. The distance between the two fibers is just under 100 μm, with the gas in between. In other words, the optical absorption path length for our gas sensor is extremely short compared with that for other optical spectroscopic techniques (e.g., 10–20 mm∼1–2 m). In addition, our gas sensor is extremely simple, small (e.g., 20 mm in length), adjustment-free and robust. These points are extremely important for actual use in the field. The measurement principle and theoretical analysis of the design are first described. Acetylene (12C2H2) gas is used as a sample gas to evaluate the sensitivity of our sensor. The limit of detection was estimated to be approximately 5200 Pa in our experimental condition. In the conclusion, the capability of our technique is discussed, and a technique for enhancing the sensitivity in our TL technique is proposed.
The interpretation of the strain-dependent Poisson's ratio in auxetic polyethylene (1997)

The strain-dependent behaviour characteristic of auxetic (i.e. having a negative Poisson's ratio) polymers has been modelled using a simple geometric model which consists of rectangular nodules intecronnected by fibrils. Careful consideration of the correct form of the model to use depending on the experimental method employed to test samples of auxetic ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) has resulted in very good agreement between the experimental and theoretical Poisson's ratios and total engineering strain ratios when the deformation is predominantly due to hinging of the fibrils. Auxetic UHMWPE has been processed to yield a very wide range of Poisson's ratios depending on its microstructural parameters (i.e. nodule shape and size, fibril length and the angle between the fibril and nodule). These can be predicted using the model, allowing the possibility of tailoring Poisson's ratio of the material.
Display of lipase on the cell surface of <i>Escherichia coli</i> using OprF as an anchor and its application to enantioselective resolution in organic solvent (2005)

We have developed a new cell surface display system using a major outer membrane protein of Pseudomonas aeruginosa OprF as an anchoring motif. Pseudomonas fluorescens SIK W1 lipase gene was fused to the truncated oprF gene by C-terminal deletion fusion strategy. The truncated OprF-lipase fusion protein was successfully displayed on the surface of Escherichia coli. Localization of the truncated OprF-lipase fusion protein was confirmed by western blot analysis, immunofluorescence microscopy, and whole-cell lipase activity. To examine the enzymatic characteristics of the cell surface displayed lipase, the whole-cell enzyme activity and stability were determined under various conditions. Cell surface displayed lipase showed the highest activity at 37 degrees C and pH 8.0. It retained over 80% of initial activity after incubation for a week in both aqueous solution and organic solvent. When the E. coli cells displaying lipases were used for enantioselective resolution of racemic 1-phenylethanol in hexane, (R)-phenyl ethyl acetate was successfully obtained with the enantiomeric excess of greater than 96% in 36 h of reaction. These results suggest that E. coli cells displaying lipases using OprF as an anchoring motif can be employed for various biotechnological applications both in aqueous and nonaqueous phases.
Exponential contrast maximization of intensity images (2011)

In this paper a novel approach is proposed to approximate the exponential correction factor of grayscale images which maximizes the contrast of the image in the class of exponential intensity mapping functions. The error of approximation is less than 10% compared to the optimal exponent determined by the iterative bisection method. Besides the method maximizes the contrast in the class of exponential functions, it can be used to restore under- and over-exposed images. In the tests well exposed images were exponentially distorted and the result of contrast enhancement using the proposed method and histogram equalization are compared. Alghough the contrast provided by the proposed method is smaller, the resulting images are smoother than in the case of histogram equalization, furthermore the results of the exponential contrast maximization have higher correlation with the original images than histogram equalized distorted images.
Poor man's watchpoints (1995)

Bugs that result from corruption of program data can be very difficult to track down without specialized help from a debugger. If the debugger cannot help the user find the point at which data gets corrupted, the user may have a long iterative debugging task. If the debugger is able to stop execution of the program at the point where data gets corrupted, as with watchpoints (also known as data breakpoints), it may be a very simple task to find a data corruption bug. In this paper, we discuss a method of implementing watchpoints on a system without hardware watchpoint support. By instrumenting the program code to check memory accesses, and supplying an interface to the instrumentation in the debugger, we provide an efficient, general method of implementing watchpoints.