gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Utilization of Solar Heat to Process Organic Wastes for Biological Hydrogen Production (2011)

ABSTRACT This article describes the development and operation of a solar thermal energy system as part of research on developing a modular distributed energy system based on the anaerobic fermentation of organic waste to produce hydrogen, initially in remote locations. It is anticipated that the modular energy system will be housed in a conventional shipping container for ease of manufacture, transportation, and installation. One key to the modular energy system is the utilization of solar thermal energy for the pre- and post-processing of organic waste materials. Since it is important to maximize energy efficiency for a modular energy system, solar thermal energy is being used as the heat source for waste material processing. A key aspect is obtaining sufficient temperatures for processing. This article describes the design and operation of a vacuum tube-based solar thermal energy system for pre- and post-processing of organic waste, as well as for providing potable water and building heat. The solar thermal system routinely obtains temperatures above 120°C.
How to Build Time-Lock Encryption (2015)

Abstract. Time-lock encryption is a method to encrypt a message such that it can only be decrypted after a certain deadline has passed. A computationally powerful adversary should not be able to learn the message before the deadline. However, even receivers with relatively weak computational resources should immediately be able to decrypt after the deadline, without any interaction with the sender, other receivers, or a trusted third party. Clearly, such a strong notion of secure encryption is impossible to achieve in a plain standard model of computation (like the Turing machine model), as it lacks any equivalent of “real-world time”, which is provided in the real world by reference clocks. We introduce the concept of computational reference clocks as an extension of the standard computational model, which provides a novel and very realistic method to “emulate ” real-world time in a computational model. We support this concept by showing that the widely-used cryptocurrency Bitcoin provides a practical ex-ample of such a reference clock. We furthermore explain how the computations performed by the reference clock can be “reused ” to build secure time-lock en-cryption. A nice feature of this approach is that it can be based on a public compu-tation which is performed “anyway ” and independent of the time-lock encryption scheme. We provide the first formal definitions of computational reference clocks and time-lock encryption, and give a simple proof-of-concept construction of time-lock encryption, which combines a computational reference clock with witness encryption (Garg et al., STOC 2013). We also explain how to construct a compu-tational reference clock based on Bitcoins. 1
An Addressable 256 × 256 Photodiode Image Sensor Array with an 8-bit Digital Output (1992)

We have constructed an addressable 256 × 256 photodiode sensor array together with an 8-bit A/D converter on the same chip. Such a digital camera is easy to connect to a computer where also the flexibility of the computer can be used to control the camera output. The sensor has been constructed in two versions, the first version was implemented with a 256 parallel bitslice image processor on the same die in a commercial project and the second as a separate addressable digital image sensor. The sensor was functionally fabricated in a 1.6 μm standard CMOS process where it required a total area of 96 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and the first commercial samples are already delivered. Also when writing this an improved sensor version is under processing.
Novel Inhibitors of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa Virulence Factor LasB: a Potential Therapeutic Approach for the Attenuation of Virulence Mechanisms in Pseudomonal Infection (2011)

Pseudomonas elastase (LasB), a metalloprotease virulence factor, is known to play a pivotal role in pseudomonal infection. LasB is secreted at the site of infection, where it exerts a proteolytic action that spans from broad tissue destruction to subtle action on components of the host immune system. The former enhances invasiveness by liberating nutrients for continued growth, while the latter exerts an immunomodulatory effect, manipulating the normal immune response. In addition to the extracellular effects of secreted LasB, it also acts within the bacterial cell to trigger the intracellular pathway that initiates growth as a bacterial biofilm. The key role of LasB in pseudomonal virulence makes it a potential target for the development of an inhibitor as an antimicrobial agent. The concept of inhibition of virulence is a recently established antimicrobial strategy, and such agents have been termed "second-generation" antibiotics. This approach holds promise in that it seeks to attenuate virulence processes without bactericidal action and, hence, without selection pressure for the emergence of resistant strains. A potent inhibitor of LasB, N-mercaptoacetyl-Phe-Tyr-amide (K(i) = 41 nM) has been developed, and its ability to block these virulence processes has been assessed. It has been demonstrated that thes compound can completely block the action of LasB on protein targets that are instrumental in biofilm formation and immunomodulation. The novel LasB inhibitor has also been employed in bacterial-cell-based assays, to reduce the growth of pseudomonal biofilms, and to eradicate biofilm completely when used in combination with conventional antibiotics.
&lt;title&gt;Phase-Locked Interferometry&lt;/title&gt; (1977)

A technique is described which will convert in real time the irradiance pattern resulting from two interferometry beams into phase information. The interferometer is modified to introduce a known temporal phase modulation to one beam and then to detect minima in the A.C. signal. Three instruments built on this principle will be discussed. The instruments are capable of detecting phase differences approaching &lambda;/100 and may be used for measuring optical interference (roughness, irregularity) or transparent plase objects such as biological samples, microballoons and gradient index materials.
An Approach for Testing the Extract-Transform-Load Process in Data Warehouse Systems (2018)

The Extract-Transform-Load (ETL) process in data warehousing involves extracting data from source databases, transforming it into a form suitable for research and analysis, and loading it into a data warehouse. ETL processes can use complex transformations involving sources and targets that use different schemas, databases, and technologies, which make ETL implementations fault-prone.
NURBS with extraordinary points (2009)

We present a subdivision framework that adds extraordinary vertices to NURBS of arbitrarily high degree. The surfaces can represent any odd degree NURBS patch exactly. Our rules handle non-uniform knot vectors, and are not restricted to midpoint knot insertion. In the absence of multiple knots at extraordinary points, the limit surfaces have bounded curvature.
Mining Frequent Itemsets over Recent Data Stream Based on Genetic Algorithm (2012)

Data stream is massive sequence of data elements generated at a rapid rate which is characterized by continuously flowing, high arrival rate, unbounded size of data and realtime query requests. The knowledge embedded in a data stream is more likely to be changed as time goes by. Identifying the recent change of a data stream, especially for an online data stream, can provide valuable information for the analysis of the data stream. Frequent patterns on a data stream can provide an important basis for decision making and applications. Because of the data stream’s fluidity and continuity, the information of frequent patterns changes with the new data coming.
Cytoprotective Effect of Vitamin D on Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiac Toxicity in Triple Negative Breast Cancer (2021)

Vitamin D supplementation decreased Dox-induced cardiotoxicity by decreasing the reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial damage, and did not decrease the anticancer efficacy of Dox against TNBC.
Effects of an extremely thin buffer on heteroepitaxy with large lattice mismatch (2001)

We report on an experimental study of buffer mechanism in plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy of ZnO on Al2O3(0001) with a MgO buffer. It lowers the surface energy and provides nucleation cores. As a result, lateral epitaxial growth of ZnO becomes favorable from the initial growth stage. The MgO buffer also affects the generation of dislocations in such a way that it reduces their density by introducing dislocation interactions. This study suggests that by employing an appropriate buffer to modify the initial nucleation environment, high quality heteroepitaxy is achievable even with large mismatch.
Diffractive optical element-based profilometer for surface inspection (2001)

We introduce a new 3-D sensor based on a diffractive optical element (DOE). Structured light is obtained by the interference of two beams. The design of the projection unit has the following features: the system is very simple, small and cheap and the fringe spacing is easily adjustable. Fringes generated by the DOE interferometer are analyzed by Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) method, which produced a 3-D perspective plot. The technique and the experimental results of real surface profiles are given.
Wave-Field Interaction With Complex Structures Using Equivalence Principle Algorithm (2007)

A domain decomposition scheme based on the equivalence principle, similar to Huygens' principle, for integral equation solvers and the method of moments is introduced. The equivalence principle allows the replacement of unknown currents distributed in a volume in space by equivalence currents residing on the surface that bounds the volume. It also allows the dissociation of the solution of one region from that of another region. In this manner, problems of high complexity can be encapsulated by surfaces of simpler shapes using less unknowns. It can aid in parallel algorithms, reusability of solutions, as well as improving the condition number of a matrix system when disparate mesh or adaptive mesh are needed. The challenge arises when an equivalence surface intercepts a current-carrying conductor, because the breakup of the current into separate pieces gives rise to charge singularity. A junction basis can be used to mitigate this singularity. However, a better solution is to introduce a tap basis to model the current that intercepts with the equivalence surfaces. Using this scheme, the current continuity is conserved and the singularity of the charges is avoided. The solution is shown to be accurate
A mixed mode BIST scheme based on reseeding of folding counters (2002)

In this paper a new scheme for deterministic and mixed mode scan-based BIST is presented. It relies on a new type of test pattern generator which resembles a programmable Johnson counter and is called folding counter. Both the theoretical background and practical algorithms are presented to characterize a set of deterministic test cubes by a reasonably small number of seeds for a folding counter. Combined with classical approaches for test width compression and with pseudorandom pattern generation these new techniques provide an efficient and flexible solution for scan-based BIST. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme outperforms previously published approaches based on the reseeding of LFSRs or Johnson counters.
Modulation of host immune responses, induction of apoptosis and inhibition of NF‐κB activation by the <i>Bordetella</i> type III secretion system (2000)

Bordetella bronchiseptica establishes respiratory tract infections in laboratory animals with high efficiency. Colonization persists for the life of the animal and infection is usually asymptomatic in immunocompetent hosts. We hypothesize that this reflects a balance between immunostimulatory events associated with infection and immunomodulatory events mediated by the bacteria. We have identified 15 loci that are part of a type III secretion apparatus in B. bronchiseptica and three secreted proteins. The functions of the type III secretion system were investigated by comparing the phenotypes of wild-type bacteria with two strains that are defective in type III secretion using in vivo and in vitro infection models. Type III secretion mutants were defective in long-term colonization of the trachea in immunocompetent mice. The mutants also elicited higher titres of anti-Bordetella antibodies upon infection compared with wild-type bacteria. Type III secretion mutants also showed increased lethal virulence in immunodeficient SCID-beige mice. These observations suggest that type III-secreted products of B. bronchiseptica interact with components of both innate and adaptive immune systems of the host. B. bronchiseptica induced apoptosis in macrophages in vitro and inflammatory cells in vivo and type III secretion was required for this process. Infection of an epithelial cell line with high numbers of wild type, but not type III deficient B. bronchiseptica resulted in rapid aggregation of NF-kappaB into large complexes in the cytoplasm. NF-kappaB aggregation was dependent on type III secretion and aggregated NF-kappaB did not respond to TNFalpha activation, suggesting B. bronchiseptica may modulate host immunity by inactivating NF-kappaB. Based on these in vivo and in vitro results, we hypothesize that the Bordetella type III secretion system functions to modulate host immune responses during infection.
Integrated Interpretation of Galvanic and Induction Measurements by Inversion Methods (1995)

ABSTRACT Accurate estimation of residual and movable hydrocarbon requires precise estimation of the formation resistivities in the flushed and uncontaminated zones. The estimation of formation resistivities is commonly done by interpreting the data provided by galvanic (mainly laterolog) and induction devices. Different physical principles govern these devices. In galvanic tools, the voltages being measured are related to the surface charge densities at the interfaces between adjacent media of different resistivities, whereas in induction tools, the voltage induced in a measuring coil results from the magnetic fields due to alternating currents flowing in the surrounding formation. Conventional interpretation methods of electromagnetic measurements use approximate and independent techniques for galvanic and induction logging measurements. These techniques provide some means to correct the resistivity measurements for borehole, shoulder, and invasion effects. Since the charts are typically designed for the interpretation of the measurements that correspond to a single suite of logs, individual results may differ when different sets of measurements available in a particular borehole are used in the interpretation. The interpretation, i.e., finding an earth model consistent with all measurements, is then left to the skill of the log analyst. A simultaneous inversion of galvanic and induction data considers a single earth model, consisting of a distribution of resistivities, that is consistent with the two types of measurements. The inversion process also provides statistical results that help the log analyst assess the quality of the interpretation results. Combining measurements based on different physical principles also improves the resolution of the estimated formation parameters, such as resistivities and invasion depths. This work demonstrates how the interpretation is improved by using an algorithm that simultaneously considers all available resistivity measurements. The work also shows the importance of the inversion process in extracting the information content from the data in cases that would not be possible by using conventional interpretation methods, as well as the use of statistical results to assess the quality of the interpretation. Several field cases are presented that show the importance of unified interpretations in improving the accuracy of the formation resistivity estimation, and the enhancement of radially and vertically layered earth models that result.
Nanovesicles of nitrendipine with lipid complex for transdermal delivery: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies (2015)

NOVG-5 has shown the most favorable physicochemical properties and good permeation through skin providing good management of hypertension during crucial initial hours.
On entropy-constrained vector quantization using gaussian mixture models (2008)

A flexible and low-complexity entropy-constrained vector quantizer (ECVQ) scheme based on Gaussian mixture models (GMMs), lattice quantization, and arithmetic coding is presented. The source is assumed to have a probability density function of a GMM. An input vector is first classified to one of the mixture components, and the Karhunen-Loeve transform of the selected mixture component is applied to the vector, followed by quantization using a lattice structured codebook. Finally, the scalar elements of the quantized vector are entropy coded sequentially using a specially designed arithmetic coder. The computational complexity of the proposed scheme is low, and independent of the coding rate in both the encoder and the decoder. Therefore, the proposed scheme serves as a lower complexity alternative to the GMM based ECVQ proposed by Gardner, Subramaniam and Rao. The performance of the proposed scheme is analyzed under a high-rate assumption, and quantified for a given GMM. The practical performance of the scheme was evaluated through simulations on both synthetic and speech line spectral frequency (LSF) vectors. For LSF quantization, the proposed scheme has a comparable performance to at rates relevant for speech coding (20-28 bits per vector) with lower computational complexity.
Type 2 diabetes: the evolution of a disease (2012)

The heterogeneous nature of type 2 diabetes has become increasingly evident over the last 60 years, and particularly so in the last decade with the increased use of genetic fingerprinting techniques and understanding of environmental influences on the genome. The last decade has seen the expansion of the pharmacological options for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and the burgeoning of large randomized controlled trials. Whilst these trials have been designed to address important issues, many have generated more conundrums, highlighting the need for a diversity of approaches to investigate the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes and its treatment. See Golden Jubilee article: ‘‘Type 2 diabetes: how far have we come’ by Harold E Lebovitz, published in Br J Diabetes Vasc Dis 2002;2:446-449, © 2002. doi:10.1177/14746514020020060601. http://www.bjdvd.com/content/2/6.toc
Mechanizing the metatheory of LF (2011)

LF is a dependent type theory in which many other formal systems can be conveniently embedded. However, correct use of LF relies on nontrivial metatheoretic developments such as proofs of correctness of decision procedures for LF's judgments. Although detailed informal proofs of these properties have been published, they have not been formally verified in a theorem prover. We have formalized these properties within Isabelle/HOL using the Nominal Datatype Package, closely following a recent article by Harper and Pfenning. In the process, we identified and resolved a gap in one of the proofs and a small number of minor lacunae in others. We also formally derive a version of the type checking algorithm from which Isabelle/HOL can generate executable code. Besides its intrinsic interest, our formalization provides a foundation for studying the adequacy of LF encodings, the correctness of Twelf-style metatheoretic reasoning, and the metatheory of extensions to LF.
The segmental K-means algorithm for estimating parameters of hidden Markov models (1990)

The authors discuss and document a parameter estimation algorithm for data sequence modeling involving hidden Markov models. The algorithm, called the segmental K-means method, uses the state-optimized joint likelihood for the observation data and the underlying Markovian state sequence as the objective function for estimation. The authors prove the convergence of the algorithm and compare it with the traditional Baum-Welch reestimation method. They also print out the increased flexibility this algorithm offers in the general speech modeling framework.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A clinical evaluation of the ability of the Dentobuff method to estimate buffer capacity of saliva. (1985)

The power of a colourimetric method to estimate buffer capacity of saliva (Dentobuff) was compared with an electrometric method in 220 adults. The methods correlated well but Dentobuff frequently underestimated high buffer values which was considered to be of minor practical importance. Dentobuff identified groups with low, intermediate and high buffer capacity as good as the electrometric method.
The Effect of Oxygenated Fuels on Emissions from a Modern Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine (1993)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The effects on engine emissions resulting from the addition of oxygenated additives to the fuel, have been investigated using a low emissions, Detroit Diesel Corporation (DDC) Series 60 engine. The oxygenates evaluated were selected on a combined basis of their fuel blending properties and potential costs. Oxygenates of varying molecular structures were selected for evaluation. The test results show that particulate emissions are directly related to the concentration of oxygen in the fuel. The particulate reductions are accompanied by small increases in NO, emissions. In general, the addition of an oxygenate to the fuel reduces carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions. Non-regulated aldehyde and ketone emissions are also reduced with the addition of an oxygenate. When a peroxide-based cetane improvement additive was added to the oxygenated fuel, an emission profile similar to that from a low aromatic fuel was obtained. The combined use of an oxygenate and a peroxide based cetane improver offers a potential alternative to produce a fuel with an emissions profile acceptable for use in California.&lt;/div&gt;
'...To boldly go where no housing agreement has gone before...': Expanding the national affordable housing agreement (2012)

In 2008, the Commonwealth-State Housing Agreement (CSHA) was made redundant after some 64 years of loyal service to our nation. A new era was upon us, we were told, and we needed a newly titled agreement that would better reflect the housing environment that we faced in 21st Century Australia.
Experimental performance of calibration and direction-finding algorithms (1991)

In sensor array processing, high-resolution eigenbased direction-finding algorithms are known to be sensitive to sensor gain, phase, and mutual coupling errors. In order to approach the algorithms' theoretical direction-finding performance in actual arrays, methods are required to measure these errors and compensate for them. The authors develop calibration procedures based on least squares fitting of known measured direction vectors. After calibration any appropriate direction-finding algorithm may be applied. Experimental results from an ultrasonic array testbed demonstrate the performance of the calibration algorithms. A previously proposed autocalibration algorithm is discussed. The algorithm is shown to give nonunique solutions for linear arrays.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>