gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chinese Education in the United States: Players and Challenges (2016)

Abstract Since the turn of the twenty-first century, China has emerged as the second largest economy in the world. In the U.S., Chinese speakers became the second largest non-English-speaking population, and Chinese education obtained unprecedented opportunities in both the K-12 school system and higher education. Various players have contributed to this development, with the major ones being (1) the U.S.-government funded National Security Language Initiatives (NSLI), (2) the long existing Chinese community heritage language schools, and (3) China’s Confucius Institute (CI) program. The NSLI has created a number of meaningful projects such as the Foreign Language Assistance Program, the Teacher Exchange and Summer Language Institutes Youth Exchanges, the Flagship Program, and STARTALK, in which the Chinese language is the focus. The Chinese community heritage language schools have a history of over 150 years in the U.S. and are enrolling 200,000 Chinese students (estimated), more than the U.S. K-12 schools and higher education combined. China’s CI program has established 97 CIs and 357 Confucius classrooms in the U.S., which have reached millions of American people and students. However, the present data show that there lacks a coherent language policy in the U.S. education system. Although the above players have joined forces and made great contributions to the development of U.S. Chinese education, each of them is facing significant challenges. On the one hand, NSLI and Chinese community heritage language schools are both on the sidelines of the American public school system. On the other, with CI’s fast expansion, concerns and criticisms grow regarding its role in the context of U.S. higher education. Some of the concerns have been translated into negative actions and policies.
Relativistic effects in structural chemistry (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRelativistic effects in structural chemistryPekka PyykkoCite this: Chem. Rev. 1988, 88, 3, 563–594Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1988https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00085a006Request reuse permissionsArticle Views10626Altmetric-Citations2600LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (4 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Purification, cDNA cloning, and recombinant expression of chymotrypsin C from porcine pancreas (2011)

Chymotrypsin C is a bifunctional secretory-type serine protease in pancreas; besides proteolytical activity, it also exhibits a calcium-decreasing activity in serum. In this study, we purified activated chymotrypsin C from porcine pancreas, and identified its three active forms. Active chymotrypsin C was found to be different in the length of its 13-residue activation peptide due to carboxydipeptidase (present in the pancreas) degradation or autolysis of the activated chymotrypsin C itself, resulting in the removal of several C-terminus residues from the activation peptide. After limited chymotrypsin C cleavage with endopeptidase Lys C, several purified peptides were partially sequenced, and the entire cDNA sequence for porcine chymotrypsin C was cloned. Recombinant chymotrypsinogen C was successfully expressed in Escherichia coli cells as inclusion bodies. After refolding and activation with trypsin, the comparison of the recombinant chymotrypsin C with the natural form showed that their proteolytic and calcium-decreasing activities were at the same level. The successful expression of chymotrypsin C gene paves the way to further mutagenic structure-function studies.
Oxabicyclooctane-Linked Novel Bacterial Topoisomerase Inhibitors as Broad Spectrum Antibacterial Agents (2014)

Bacterial resistance is eroding the clinical utility of existing antibiotics necessitating the discovery of new agents. Bacterial type II topoisomerase is a clinically validated, highly effective, and proven drug target. This target is amenable to inhibition by diverse classes of inhibitors with alternative and distinct binding sites to quinolone antibiotics, thus enabling the development of agents that lack cross-resistance to quinolones. Described here are novel bacterial topoisomerase inhibitors (NBTIs), which are a new class of gyrase and topo IV inhibitors and consist of three distinct structural moieties. The substitution of the linker moiety led to discovery of potent broad-spectrum NBTIs with reduced off-target activity (hERG IC50 > 18 μM) and improved physical properties. AM8191 is bactericidal and selectively inhibits DNA synthesis and Staphylococcus aureus gyrase (IC50 = 1.02 μM) and topo IV (IC50 = 10.4 μM). AM8191 showed parenteral and oral efficacy (ED50) at less than 2.5 mg/kg doses in a S. aureus murine infection model. A cocrystal structure of AM8191 bound to S. aureus DNA-gyrase showed binding interactions similar to that reported for GSK299423, displaying a key contact of Asp83 with the basic amine at position-7 of the linker.
On Controlling Elasticity of Cloud Applications in CELAR (2015)

Today's complex cloud applications are composed of multiple components executed in multi-cloud environments. For such applications, the possibility to manage and control their cost, quality, and resource elasticity is of paramount importance. However, given that the cost of different services offered by cloud providers can vary a lot with their quality/performance, elasticity controllers must consider not only complex, multi-dimensional preferences and provisioning capabilities from stakeholders but also various runtime information regarding cloud applications and their execution environments. In this chapter, the authors present the elasticity control approach of the EU CELAR Project, which deals with multi-dimensional elasticity requirements and ensures multi-level elasticity control for fulfilling user requirements. They show the elasticity control mechanisms of the CELAR project, from application description to multi-level elasticity control. The authors highlight the usefulness of CELAR's mechanisms for users, who can use an intuitive, user-friendly interface to describe and then to follow their application elasticity behavior controlled by CELAR.
Effect of Lures and Colors on Capture of Lady Beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in Tedders Pyramidal Traps (2015)

Purposeful attraction and aggregation of adult Coccinellidae at target sites would be useful for sampling purposes and pest suppression. We field-tested 1) lures in yellow and black pyramidal traps and 2) pyramidal traps that had been painted one or two colors (without lures) to determine if lures or trap color affected capture of adult Coccinellidae. In only one experiment with lures did a single rate of limonene increase trap capture, whereas no other lure ever did. Yellow traps, regardless of using a lure, always captured significantly more lady beetles than black traps. When single-color red, orange, yellow, green, blue, purple, black, and white traps (without lures) were tested, yellow traps captured significantly more lady beetles. Of all species of Coccinellidae captured in these single-color traps, 95% were the exotic species Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) and Coccinella septempunctata L. H. axyridis alone dominated trap capture comprising 74.1% of all lady beetles. Two-color traps (yellow-green, yellow-orange, yellow-white, and yellow-black) never captured more than single-color yellow traps. These results demonstrate that yellow pyramidal traps can be used to purposefully attract, and when used without a collection device, possibly aggregate adult Coccinellidae at targeted field sites.
Production of a New Monoclonal Antibody Specific to Human Des-Gamma-Carboxyprothrombin in the Presence of Calcium Ions. Application to the Development of a Sensitive ELISA-Test (1995)

In order to explore pathologies possibly associated with vitamin K deficiency, several monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were produced against human Desgamma-Carboxy-Prothrombin (DCP). One of these mAbs, designated C4B6, detected DCP forms in the presence of Calcium ions, confirmed by comparison with the patterns of two electrophoretic techniques: Affino-Immuno-Electrophoresis (CAIE) and Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis followed by Electro-blotting (PAGE-Blot). An Enzyme-Linked-Imunosorbent Assay (ELISA) using mAb C4B6 has been developed, optimized and standardized. It has proven to be specific for DCP forms and has a minimum sensitivity of 0.156 A.U/ml.
The quadrupole ion store (quistor) as a novel source for a mass spectrometer (1973)

A system is described in which a quadrupole ion storage trap has been employed as the source for a quadrupole mass filter. A number of possible modes of operation have been examined and results are presented which compare the storage characteristics and mass spectra obtained with established literature data. Some potential areas of application are outlined and the results from a study of ion-molecule reactions in methane included as an example.
The Recovery Box: Using Fast Recovery to Provide High Availability in the UNIX Environment (1992)

The aim of this study was to compare two methods of hypothermic heart preservation. Isolated hearts of pigs were preserved in cold cardioplegic solution (St. Thomas Hospital solution) either by simple storage or continuous microperfusion (with a new perfusion device) for 6 hours (group I, n = 12), 12 hours (group II, n = 12) and 24 hours (group III, n = 12). After storage, the myocardial function was studied for 60 minutes under nonworking conditions with an ex vivo functional testing system. Hearts preserved 24 hours by cold storage (group III) showed ventricular compliance and mean spontaneous left ventricular developed pressure significantly lower than hearts preserved by microperfusion (respectively, 63 +/- 47 versus 14 +/- 18 mm Hg and 16.8 +/- 22.0 versus 83 +/- 33 mm Hg). After 12 hours (group II) of preservation, mean left ventricular developed pressure was higher in microperfused hearts compared to immersed hearts (respectively, 133.3 +/- 39.0 versus 83.1 +/- 27.0 mm Hg, p < 0.05), whereas after 6 hours of preservation, no functional difference was observed between the microperfused and the immersed hearts. Hearts were also studied using myocardial biopsy specimens taken at the end of the preservation. The biopsy specimens were analyzed for high-energy phosphates. After 6 hours of preservation, the microperfusion group showed higher levels of adenosine triphosphate and total adenine nucleotides (adenosine triphosphate + adenosine diphosphate + adenosine monophosphate) (respectively, 4.60 +/- 0.5 mumol/gm and 5.98 +/- 0.5 mumol/gm fresh tissue) versus the cold storage group (respectively, 3.10 +/- 0.4 mumol/gm and 3.75 +/- 0.4 mumol/gm).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Planning with goal preferences and constraints (2005)

In classical planning, the planner is given a concrete goal; it returns a plan for it or a failure message. In the latter case, the user can either quit or modify the goal. For many appli-cations, it is more convenient to let the user provide a more elaborate specification consisting of constraints and prefer-ences over possible goal states. Then, let the system dis-cover a plan for the most desirable among the feasible goal states. To materialize such an approach we require a formal-ism for specifying preferences and constraints over goals and an algorithm for solving the resulting constrained optimiza-tion problem. In this work we motivate the need for planning with preferences and constraints, suggest a rich, yet intuitive formalism for representing goal preferences in the context of a deterministic action model, discuss some of its properties, propose an efficient algorithm for planning with preferences and constraints based on this formalism, and provide exten-sive experimental analysis in an interesting new domain of configuration planning.
Ultrasound positioning based on time-of-flight and signal strength (2012)

Ultrasound positioning systems for indoor use can be distinguished by what kind of information they extract from the received signal. Time-of-flight (TOF) is measured with reference to a radio signal to get ultrasound time-of- arrival (TOA). Line-of-sight to three or more nodes is required for 3D positioning. Accuracy is in the cm or sub-cm range. A radio-free alternative can be made if time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) is measured instead. Coding of the pulse is often used in order to allow simultaneous transmission from multiple transmitters. The simplest received signal strength (RSS) systems are binary and will just determine if the ultrasound signal can be detected or not. This is used on its own for room-level positioning. Another important application is in assisting RSS-based RF-systems such as WLAN positioning. The ultrasound RSS-system helps reduce the number of large errors (5-10 m) of the WLAN-system. Such systems have recently been deployed world-wide today by companies like Sonitor and Aeroscout. It has also just been demonstrated that RSS-based ultrasound positioning can be done with accuracies in the 10 cm range. This parallels the ubiquitous RF-based RSS systems and requires a propagation model. For ultrasound the model involves spherical spreading and absorption. There are also hybrid systems where the entire echo structure in the time history of the received signal is analyzed. Both the amplitude and time information are used in order to obtain a position of the node using only a single transmitter.
ULSI DRAM Technology with Bag 7Sr0 3TiO3 Film of 1.3nm Equivalent Si02 Thickness and 10+A/cm2 Leakage Current (1992)

Cell Concept A high-dielectric constant material have received increasing attention in view of an application to ULSI DRAMs for keeping a simple cell structure. We demonstrate a new technology with a planar-type single stacked structure utilizing a high-dielectric constant film of Bal -,SrXTi03 (BST). The fabricated memory cell ca acitor shows a low leakage current of 2x10-9Ncm under an applied voltage of 3.3V and a large capacitance of 32fF/um2, which means that the BST film is equivalently as thin as 1.3nm of Si02. 3
Line Widths and Pressure Shifts in Mode Structure of Stimulated Emission from GaAs Junctions (1963)

Stimulated emission from forward biased p-n GaAs junctions has been reported by several laboratories. <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1,2</sup> Most of the reported spectroscopic measurements have been made under medium resolution. This Communication reports high-resolution measurements of the line width as well as the dependence of the GaAs stimulated emission characteristics on hydrostatic pressure.
Transmembrane Topology of α- and β-Subunits of Na+,K+-ATPase Derived from β-Galactosidase Fusion Proteins Expressed in Yeast (1996)

Various models of the transmembrane topology of the Na+,K+-ATPase predict either 8 or 10 membrane spans for the alpha-subunit and one to three membrane spans for the beta-subunit. Structure/function analysis, however, requires precise knowledge about the folding of enzymes. Therefore, the intention of this work was to establish a transmembrane topology model for the subunits of Na+,K+-ATPase. The bacterial enzyme beta-galactosidase was fused to the C termini of truncated alpha- and beta-subunits of Na+,K+-ATPase. Fusions were generated at Arg60 (LTTAR60), Glu116 (AATEE116), Ala247 (VEGTA247), Leu311 (YTWEL311), Ala444 (VAGDA444), Ala789 (IFIIA789), Met809 (LGTDM809), Asp884 (RVTWD884), Ile946 (MKNKI946), and Arg972 (GVALR972) of the sheep alpha1-subunit and at Pro236 (LGGYP236) of the dog beta-subunit. The fusion constructs were expressed in yeast cells for studies on the localization of the fused reporter enzyme. Activity measurements of the reporter enzyme revealed that only intracellular fusion sites lead to active beta-galactosidase. Indirect immunofluorescence microscopy with cells expressing alpha1/beta-galactosidase and beta/beta-galactosidase hybrid proteins demonstrated that inactive beta-galactosidase is associated with the yeast plasma membrane and can be detected from the extracellular side. The data obtained suggest that Pro236 of the beta-subunit is located on the extracellular surface, corresponding to a model with one transmembrane segment, and that the alpha-subunit of the Na+,K+-ATPase consists of 10 membrane-associated spans. They also suggest that a stretch of the alpha1-subunit between membrane spans M7 and M8 might be hidden within the membrane, surrounded by the other hydrophobic spans, in analogy to the P-loop of Na+ or K+ channels and to the "hourglass" structure of water channels.
Synchronization for distributed real-time applications (2002)

Several distributed applications are characterized by real-time constraints on response times. High-level actions in such distributed applications are modeled by nonatomic events which are collections of atomic events. This paper studies synchronization relations between nonatomic events in such distributed real-time application executions. The relations form a fine-grained hierarchy that can be used to select suitable relations with good properties and clear intuitions, depending on the application. We show the use of the proposed relations in specifying solutions for distributed mutual exclusion and in specifying distributed predicates. As an example of an application, we show how a real-time air defence system that needs to enforce distributed mutual exclusion and specify and evaluate distributed predicates can use the proposed relations.
Type 2-depleted fungal laccase (1988)

Although copper is quantitatively removed from fungal laccase (Polyporus versicolor) by extended dialysis against high concentrations of cyanide, we have been unable to reconstitute the protein by addition of Cu(I) ions. However, two new methods for reversibly removing the type 2 Cu centre have been developed. The visible absorption at 610 nm, which is attributable to type 1 Cu, is unaffected by the procedure, but the absorbance of the type 3 Cu at 330 nm is decreased by 60 +/- 10%. The decrease is due, at least in part, to partial reduction of the binuclear type 3 centre, although there may be some change in the molar absorptivity of the oxidized chromophore as well. The change in the c.d. spectrum that occurs at approx. 350 nm may be explained in the same way, but it may also reflect the loss of a signal due to the type 2 Cu. Upon removal of the type 2 Cu an absorbance increase appears at approx. 435 nm, and it is assigned to the semi-reduced form of the type 3 pair. In the e.p.r. spectrum of the type 2-depleted enzyme the type 1 Cu signal exhibits well-resolved ligand hyperfine splitting, which can be simulated on the basis of contributions from two N and two H nuclei (AH congruent to AN congruent to 25 MHz). The H atoms are assumed to be attached to the beta-carbon of the covalently bonded cysteine ligand. A signal from a semi-reduced form(s) of the type 3 site can also be resolved in the spectrum of the type 2-depleted enzyme, and on the basis of the second integral of the e.p.r. spectrum 40% of the type 3 pairs are believed to be in a partially reduced state. The semi-reduced type 3 site is remarkably stable and is not readily oxidized by H2O2 or IrCl6(2-) or reduced by Fe(CN)6(4-). Intramolecular electron transfer is apparently quite slow in at least some forms of the type 2-depleted enzyme, and this may explain why the activity is at best 5% of that of the native enzyme. Full activity returns when type 2 copper is restored.
Conception de dispositifs en alliage à mémoire de forme en microtechnique (2000)

These Ecole polytechnique federale de Lausanne EPFL, n° 2308 (2000)Faculte des sciences et techniques de l'ingenieurInstitut de microtechniqueLaboratoire de systemes robotiques 2Jury: Jacques-Eric Bidaux, Rolf Gotthardt, Max-Olivier Hongler, Jacques Jacot, Philippe Renaud, Jan Van Humbeeck Public defense: 2000-12-14 Reference doi:10.5075/epfl-thesis-2308Print copy in library catalog Record created on 2005-03-16, modified on 2017-05-10
Theoretical Analysis of the Crystalline Colloidal Array Filter (1986)

The major parameters of a crystalline colloidal array optical filter have been investigated theoretically, and the results compared to published experimental data. This filter consists of an aqueous suspension of polystyrene spheres in a lattice which produces Bragg diffraction of incident light. The development of expressions for the filter bandwidth and attenuation utilized both dynamical x-ray diffraction theory and light scattering theory. The theoretical attenuation function indicates that extremely high absorbance values are achievable with relatively thin filters.
Recombinant Chicken Interferon from Escherichia coli and Transfected COS Cells is Biologically Active (1995)

We have expressed a cDNA for virus-induced chick interferon in Escherichia coli. The product, a 19-kDa protein lacking the signal peptide, was purified to homogeneity from the bacterial inclusion bodies. Proteins in the insoluble fraction of bacterial lysates were dissolved in guanidine hydrochloride and subjected to chromatography on Q-Sepharose and MonoS columns. Purified recombinant chick interferon has a specific antiviral activity of approximately 108 IU/mg and is a powerful inducer of the interferon-responsive promoter of the chicken mx gene. Culture medium of transfected COS cells expressing full-length chick interferon cDNA contained up to 5 × 104 IU antiviral activity/ml that could be neutralized by antibodies to purified recombinant chick interferon. The antibodies precipitated proteins of 23–28 kDa from the supernatants of transfected COS cells. Treatment with endoglycosidase F reduced the size of the immunoprecipitated proteins to approximately 20 kDa, demonstrating that chick interferon is a glycoprotein.
Maxtream: Stabilizing P2P Streaming by Active Prediction of Behavior Patterns (2009)

In theory, peer-to-peer (P2P) based streaming designs and simulations provide a promising alternative to server based streaming systems both in cost and scalability. In practice however, implementations of P2P based IPTV and VOD failed to provide a satisfying QoS as the characteristic fluctuational throughput of a peer's uplink leads to frequent annoying hiccups, substantial delays and latency for those who download from it. A significant factor for the unstable throughput of peers' uplink is the behavior of other processes running on the source peer that consume bandwidth resources.In this paper we propose Maxtream - a machine learning based solution that actively predicts load in the uplink of streaming peers and coordinates source peers exchanges between peers that suffer from buffer under run and peers that enjoy satisfactory buffer size for coping with future problems.Simulation and experiments have shown that the solution successfully predicts upcoming load in popular protocols and can improve the QoS in existing P2P streaming networks.