gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Initiation of HIV-1 Reverse Transcription Is Regulated by a Primer Activation Signal (2001)

Reverse transcription of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA genome appears to be strictly regulated at the level of initiation. The primer binding site (PBS), at which the tRNA(3)(Lys) molecule anneals and reverse transcription is initiated, is present in a highly structured region of the untranslated leader RNA. Detailed mutational analysis of the U5 leader stem identified a sequence motif in the U5 region that is critical for activation of the PBS-bound tRNA(3)(Lys) primer. This U5 motif, termed the primer activation signal (PAS), may interact with the TPsiC arm of the tRNA(3)(Lys) primer, similar to the additional interaction proposed for the genome of Rous sarcoma virus and its tRNA(Trp) primer. This suggests that reverse transcription is regulated by a common mechanism in all retroviruses. In HIV-1, the PAS is masked through base pairing in the U5 leader stem. This provides a mechanism for positive and negative regulation of reverse transcription. Based on structure probing of the mutant and wild-type RNAs, an RNA secondary structure model is proposed that juxtaposes the critical PAS and PBS motifs.
Developing a medical device package. (1993)

Effective packaging is vital to achieve an effective medical device, and it is essential that designers of sterile medical device packaging are fully aware of all of the factors involved. These considerations include not only the requirements of the package in terms of appropriate method of sterilization, product-packaging interactions, and shelf-life, but also the environment in which the product will be used, the needs of the production facility, and what storage and distribution hazards the packaged product may encounter. In this article, the author provides a comprehensive packaging brief for designers, which clearly defines the needs of the manufacturer and the customer.
Ideal Liquid Crystal Display Mode Using Achiral Banana-Shaped Liquid Crystals (2006)

We have demonstrated a totally new liquid crystal display (LCD) mode using a smectic A-like phase of banana-shaped molecules. An in-plane electric field was applied to homeotropically aligned cells, resulting in fast polarization reorientation and the associated birefringence. The reported LCD mode has all the advantages of the existing LCD modes, such as vertical alignment (VA), in-plane switching (IPS), ferroelectric LC (FLC) or antiferroelectric LC (AFLC) and V-shaped switching (VS) modes; namely, fast response of the order of 100 µs, high contrast ratio (3000:1), wide viewing angle, continuous gray level, and small threshold voltage. These performances originate from the cooperative motion of bent molecules with quasi-long-range order of dipoles based on a two-dimensional Langevin process.
A dielectrophoretic chip with a roughened metal surface for on-chip surface-enhanced Raman scattering analysis of bacteria (2010)

We present an analysis of the results of in situ surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) of bacteria using a microfluidic chip capable of continuously sorting and concentrating bacteria via three-dimensional dielectrophoresis (DEP). Microchannels were made by sandwiching DEP microelectrodes between two glass slides. Avoiding the use of a metal nanoparticle suspension, a roughened metal surface is integrated into the DEP-based microfluidic chip for on-chip SERS detection of bacteria. On the upper surface of the slide, a roughened metal shelter was settled in front of the DEP concentrator to enhance Raman scattering. Similarly, an electrode-patterned bottom layer fabricated on a thin cover-slip was used to reduce fluorescence noise from the glass substrate. Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria were effectively distinguished in the SERS spectral data. Staphylococcus aureus (concentration of 10(6) CFUml) was continuously separated and concentrated via DEP out of a sample of blood cells. At a flow rate of 1 mulmin, the bacteria were highly concentrated at the roughened surface and ready for on-chip SERS analysis within 3 min. The SERS data were successfully amplified by one order of magnitude and analyzed within a few minutes, resulting in the detection of signature peaks of the respective bacteria.
Proline-Catalyzed Asymmetric Aldol Reactions between Ketones and α-Unsubstituted Aldehydes (2001)

[reaction: see text] With this communication we extend the methodology of proline-catalyzed direct asymmetric aldol reactions to include alpha-unsubstituted aldehydes as acceptors. This important aldehyde class gives the corresponding aldols in 22-77% yield and up to 95% ee when the reactions are performed in pure acetone or in ketone/chloroform mixtures. On the basis of these results we have developed a concise new synthesis of (S)-ipsenol.
Field experimental results of three‐component fiber‐optic seismic sensors (2000)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2000Field experimental results of three‐component fiber‐optic seismic sensorsAuthors: F. X. (Tad) BostickF. X. (Tad) BostickCiDRA Corporationhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1815889 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1815889FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByA Literature Review10 December 2021Onland and Offshore Extrinsic Fabry–Pérot Optical Seismometer at the End of a Long Fiber9 October 2019 | Seismological Research Letters, Vol. 90, No. 6Imaging the Aquistore reservoir after 36 kilotonnes of CO2 injection using distributed acoustic sensingKyle Harris, Don White, and Claire Samson23 October 2017 | GEOPHYSICS, Vol. 82, No. 6Measuring seismic signals with airborne stereo camerasThomas Rapstine and Paul Sava17 August 2017A comparison of trenched distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) to trenched and surface 3C geophones - Daly, Manitoba, CanadaRob Kendall*5 August 2014Field testing of fiber-optic distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) for subsurface seismic monitoringThomas M. Daley, Barry M. Freifeld, Jonathan Ajo-Franklin, Shan Dou, Roman Pevzner, Valeriya Shulakova, Sudhendu Kashikar, Douglas E. Miller, Julia Goetz, Jan Henninges, and Stefan Lueth6 June 2013 | The Leading Edge, Vol. 32, No. 64D monitoring with permanent borehole seismic sensors: progress, challenges, and the road aheadBrian E. Hornby, Olav Barkved, Hans Sugianto, and Jay Nahm25 October 2012Passive "drive by" imaging in a deep water production well using permanent borehole seismic sensorsBrian E. Hornby and Tom Burch15 December 2008Onshore 4D seismic repeatability at the gas storage geophysical laboratoryP. Faure and S. Spitz6 October 2006Field test of a permanent in-well fiber-optic seismic systemBrian E. Hornby, F. X. (Tad) Bostick, Brock A. Williams, Kristen A. Lewis, and Paul G. Garossino7 July 2005 | GEOPHYSICS, Vol. 70, No. 4Fiber optic 4C seabed cable field trialsS. Maas, J. Bunn, B. Bunn, R. Metzbower, J. Bowlus, and J. Bielinski3 January 2005Converted‐wave seismic exploration: MethodsRobert R. Stewart, James E. Gaiser, R. James Brown, and Don C. Lawton17 September 2002 | GEOPHYSICS, Vol. 67, No. 5Changing paradigms in oil and gas reservoir monitoring - the introduction and commercialization of in-well optical sensing systems SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2000ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 2000 Pages: 2484 publication data© 2000 Copyright © 2000 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 04 Jan 2005 CITATION INFORMATION F. X. (Tad) Bostick, III, (2000), "Field experimental results of three‐component fiber‐optic seismic sensors," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 21-24. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1815889 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Formation of a diffractional grating by magnetic lithograph. (1989)

A new method to make an optical diffraction grating is developed using the Bitter method. A periodical magnetic pattern like 0101 … is written in a magnetic memory medium, and a magnetic fluid is used as magnetic toner to visualize this pattern. To enhance the contrast of the grating, an interfacial active agent in the magnetic fluid is destroyed by a certain organic solvent, and a DC magnetic bias field is applied to the memory medium to thicken the pattern. When a transparent grating is required, Au film is deposited on it as a parting agent after the formation of a magnetic toner pattern. After separation of the epoxy resin film from the memory medium, Au film is chemically etched. A sharp diffraction image is observed by projecting a laser diode onto the diffraction grating. Using this method, an optical grating can easily be made even on a convex or concave surface.
Full text indexing based on lexical relations an application: software libraries (1989)

In contrast to other kinds of libraries, software libraries need to be conceptually organized. When looking for a component, the main concern of users is the functionality of the desired component; implementation details are secondary. Software reuse would be enhanced with conceptually organized large libraries of software components. In this paper, we present GURU, a tool that allows automatical building of such large software libraries from documented software components. We focus here on GURU's indexing component which extracts conceptual attributes from natural language documentation. This indexing method is based on words' co-occurrences. It first uses EXTRACT, a co-occurrence knowledge compiler for extracting potential attributes from textual documents. Conceptually relevant collocations are then selected according to their resolving power, which scales down the noise due to context words. This fully automated indexing tool thus goes further than keyword-based tools in the understanding of a document without the brittleness of knowledge based tools. The indexing component of GURU is fully implemented, and some results are given in the paper.
A BASKET TYPE IMPLANT FOR USE AFTER ENUCLEATION (1946)

THIS is a preliminary report on a new type of implant for use in enucleation procedures. It is designed to impart more rapid movement to the prosthesis and to reduce the possibility of postoperative complications. The history of evisceration and enucleation has recently been reviewed by Dimitry.<sup>1</sup>Although there are surgeons who still do not use an implant of some form, either in the sclera or in Tenon's capsule, the majority today consider that a more adequately filled socket and a better functioning stump are obtained with an implant. Here there is diversity of opinion as to the material, the shape and the method of implantation. It is a common observation that whether an evisceration or an enucleation with implantation has been done there is fairly good movement of the stump. This is true whether the rectus muscles have been sutured together or not. In fact, often surprisingly good
Characterization and Purification of Glycosaminoglycans from Crude Biological Samples (2007)

Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a glycosaminoglycan derived from cartilage and commonly used to treat osteoarthritis, psoriasis, and other conditions. The dimethylmethylene blue (DMMB) assay has been used often to measure glycosaminoglycan levels in relatively pure samples. In this study, we verified the accuracy of the DMMB assay in measuring CS levels in unpurified extract from bovine trachea and shark cartilage, despite potential interference from salts, proteins, and DNA. We found that the glycosaminoglycan signal obtained was due to CS and not to other glycosaminoglycan species. This was confirmed using fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis, which also revealed that the majority of the CS was monosulfated at the C4 or C6 position. Finally, we used anion-exchange chromatography to purify the bovine extract and obtained complete recovery of the glycosaminoglycans, with no contaminating protein. The results of this study should be very useful for future purification and analysis of this common supplement.
Parallax and Companion: Set-based Browsing for the Data Web (2009)

The arrival of the Data Web will bring an abundance of explicit semantics either complementary to or embedded within traditional web content. This body of semantics both demands and enables new interaction techniques to be introduced into the web experience. In this position paper, we proposes that the current web browsing paradigm of “one web page at a time” needs to be updated because the typical unit of web information to interact with will no longer be a whole and single web page but can be smaller and numerous bits of data. We introduce the set-based browsing paradigm that lets the user traverse graph-based data that will be found on the Data Web in an efficient manner, moving from a set of things to a related set of things rather than from one single thing to one single other thing. We demonstrate this paradigm as a standalone application on a web-like database and as a browser extension on existing web pages.
Charge Storage Characteristics of Hybrid Nanodots Floating Gate (2009)

The hybrid nanodots structure in which NiSi nanodots were stacked on Si-QDs with a very thin interlayer oxide was fabricated successfully and implemented to a MOS capacitor as a floating gate. The multiple charge storage in a deep potential well of NiSi nanodots and stepwise progression of charging and discharging in the hybrid nanodots FG have been demonstrated. The discrete energy states of the Si-QDs may play a role on the multistep electron injection to and emission from the NiSi nanodots.
Larry: Practical Network Reconfigurability in the Data Center (2018)

Modern data center (DC) applications require high cross-rack network bandwidth and ultra-low, predictable end-to-end latency. It is hard to meet these requirements in traditional DC networks where the bandwidth between a Top-of-Rack (ToR) switch and the rest of the DC is typically oversubscribed. Larry is a network design that allows racks to dynamically adapt their bandwidth to the aggregation switches as a function of the traffic demand. Larry reconfigures the network topology to enable racks with high demand to use underutilized uplinks from their neighbors. Operating at the physical layer, Larry has a predictably low traffic forwarding overhead that is adapted to latency sensitive applications. Larry is effective even when deployed on a small set of racks (e.g., 4) because rack traffic demand is not correlated in many DC workloads. It can be deployed incrementally and transparently co-exist with existing non-reconfigurable racks. Our prototype uses a 40 Gbps electrical circuit switch we have built, with a simply local control plane. Using multiple workloads, we show that Larry improves tail latency by to 2.3x for the same network cost.
ATP-citrate lyase kinase and cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylate different sites on ATP-citrate lyase. (1981)

ATP-citrate lyase was phosphorylated by highly purified cyclic AMP-independent protein kinase (ATP-citrate lyase kinase) or the catalytic subunit of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. Each kinase phosphorylated ATP-citrate lyase equally but the combination of both kinases increased ATP-citrate lyase phosphorylation additively. When ATP-citrate lyase was phosphorylated with each kinase and partially digested with either L-1-tosylamido-2-phenylmethyl chloromethyl ketone-treated trypsin or Staphylococcus aureus protease followed by electrophoresis of the proteolytic products on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels or when the phosphorylated lyase was completely digested by these proteases followed by chromatography and electrophoresis, the results showed that the site phosphorylated by ATP-citrate lyase kinase was different from that phosphorylated by the catalytic subunit of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. Only phosphoserine was found in lyase phosphorylated by the catalytic subunit of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase whereas phosphoserine and phosphothreonine were found in ATP-citrate lyase phosphorylated by lyase kinase.
Evaluation of web application security risks and secure design patterns (2011)

The application of security in web application is of profound importance due to the extended use of web for business. Most of the attacks, are either because the developers are not considering security as a concern or due to the security flaws in designing and developing the applications. The enforcement of security in the software development life cycle of the application may reduce the high cost and efforts associated with implementing security at a later stage. For this purpose, various attempts has been made to define some security patterns keeping the attacks in mind. The developers now can use these patterns but sometimes it is difficult to choose a pattern from the large list, which may or may not suit the context. This paper is based on analyzing the existing security patterns. Here web application vulnerabilities has been classified and pairing is done between each vulnerability and a suitable pattern.
Life tests and failure mechanisms of GaN-AlGaN-InGaN light emitting diodes (2002)

Our studies of device lifetime and the main degradation mechanisms in Nichia blue LEDs date back to Spring 1994. Following the initial studies of rapid failures under high current electrical pulses, where metal migration was identified as the cause of degradation, we have placed a number of Nichia NLPB-500 LEDs on a series of cw life tests. This work reviews the failure analysis that was performed on the degraded devices and the degradation mechanisms that were identified.
Integrating flexible tree searches to orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm (2006)

The orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) algorithm employs an overcomplete dictionary in an adaptive nonlinear process for signal decomposition. An efficient tree-search-based OMP algorithm is considered for sparse signal representations, namely the flexible tree-search-based OMP (FTB-OMP). The algorithm makes use of an extended tree-search structure for finding good approximations. It allows a tradeoff between approximation performance and experimental time complexity by providing various design parameters. The efficiency is achieved by reducing the number of children as the depth of nodes increases via the exponentially decaying characteristics of the search algorithm. Further time efficiency is achieved by using a correlation-based pruning in the search tree. Through the use of the design parameters, FTB-OMP offers numerous variations that range from OMP to optimum solution. It is experimentally verified that a good approximation performance can be achieved by the exponentially decaying tree structure of FTB-OMP with much lower time complexity. This is shown for several signals and for the component detection problem. As an application example, the angle-of-arrival estimation problem is considered.
Perceptions of the Internet: what people think when they search the Internet for information (1999)

The study described in this article aimed to gather insights into what people think when they search the Internet for information. The premise is that people relate to information services and systems metaphorically. In other words, they identify the system or service as analogous to something perhaps more mundane or commonplace. These are known as wild metaphors. They help to explain the unknown or unfamiliar and help us to learn new things. They arise from our individual beliefs and backgrounds but they are also inevitably influenced by our collective experience of contemporary media characterisations of the Internet. This study relates the analogies that academics in Australia report for the Internet with the satisfaction that they derive from information seeking on the network. It provides some insight into how academics in Australia perceive the Internet when they use it to search for information.
Vlogging (2010)

In recent years, blogging has become an exploding passion among Internet communities. By combining the grassroots blogging with the richness of expression available in video, videoblogs (vlogs for short) will be a powerful new media adjunct to our existing televised news sources. Vlogs have gained much attention worldwide, especially with Google's acquisition of YouTube. This article presents a comprehensive survey of videoblogging (vlogging for short) as a new technological trend. We first summarize the technological challenges for vlogging as four key issues that need to be answered. Along with their respective possibilities, we give a review of the currently available techniques and tools supporting vlogging, and envision emerging technological directions for future vlogging. Several multimedia technologies are introduced to empower vlogging technology with better scalability, interactivity, searchability, and accessability, and to potentially reduce the legal, economic, and moral risks of vlogging applications. We also make an in-depth investigation of various vlog mining topics from a research perspective and present several incentive applications such as user-targeted video advertising and collective intelligence gaming. We believe that vlogging and its applications will bring new opportunities and drives to the research in related fields.
Dehydroxylation of LiAlCl4 ⋅ xSO2 Electrolytes Using Chlorine (1996)

electrolytes were observed, by infrared spectroscopy, to contain hydroxychloroaluminate impurities, which would react with metallic lithium in a battery. These hydroxyl contaminants were removed by reaction with chlorine, and the products were identified to be HCl and a chlorosulfanatoaluminate species. A simple method is suggested for the routine purification of these electrolytes.
Prevalence, Severity and Mortality associated with COPD and Smoking in patients with COVID-19: A Rapid Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2020)

Although COPD prevalence in COVID-19 cases was low in current reports, COVID-19 infection was associated with substantial severity and mortality rates in COPD. Compared to former and never smokers, current smokers were at greater risk of severe complications and higher mortality rate. Effective preventive measures are required to reduce COVID-19 risk in COPD patients and current smokers.
RADICAL POLYMERIZATION OF METHYL METHACRYLATE INITIATED WITH POTASSIUM PERSULFATE IN THE PRESENCE OF NUCLEIC ACID BASE OR BENZO[<i>a</i>]PYRENE (1979)

Abstract It was found that nucleic acid bases and nucleosides could retard the radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate(MMA) initiated with K2S2O8 in water. This chain transfer reaction may be the hydrogen abstraction from NH group or the addition of propagating chain radical onto C=C double bond. Also 5-fluorouracil, an antitumor drug, reacted effectively with propagating radicals to retard the polymerization. On the contrary, benzo[a]pyrene, which is known as a carcinogen, was found to promote strongly the radical polymerization of MMA in water.