gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A common multi-platform hardware object model (2002)

About 5 years ago one group in IBM's high-end server system started a redesign of its hardware access layer. Flexibility for any kind of configuration and hardware was the main goal for the design, to allow for rapid bring up changes and changing hardware packaging. Object-oriented design was the obvious choice.About 2 years ago another group in IBM's middle and low end server systems started a redesign of their hardware access layer. The same basic objectives as the high-end systems applied. Additionally the middle and low-end systems group was continuing the consolidation of its servers to one eServer with a common service processor.Both hardware platforms are multi-processor systems supporting terabytes of I/O and a multitude of operating systems from z/OS and OS/400 to AIX and Linux.Everything cried for reuse.This paper is not so much about the final design as it is the challenges of a major object-oriented design affecting many components and attempting code reuse between different projects on different hardware in different organizations and different development sites including different countries. We will list the goals we had, what we ended up with, what proved to be good concepts and what the roadblocks were. The paper ends with an outlook on what we will approach next.
Upstream sequences and cap proximity in the regulation of polyadenylation in ground squirrel hepatitis virus (1992)

The polyadenylation signal of mammalian hepadnaviruses is unusual in that its hexanucleotide element is the variant UAUAAA rather than AAUAAA. This signal functions inefficiently and must be augmented by multiple activator elements located in the upstream 400 nucleotides (nt) to promote efficient processing. Here we characterize one of these upstream elements, termed PS2, in the ground squirrel hepatitis virus. PS2 is located within the 107 nt 5' to the UAUAAA and raises the efficiency of polyadenylation by this signal from < 10% to 50 to 60%. It can function independently of the more 5' activator elements and conversely is not required for their function. Its action is orientation dependent, and a predicted stem-loop structure within the element is not necessary for its activity. PS2 is the sole upstream element that maps within the terminal redundancy of viral genomic RNA. Thus, it is present, together with the UAUAAA, at both the 5' and 3' ends of this RNA. During genomic RNA synthesis, the poly(A) signals in the 5' repeat are bypassed, while those in the 3' copy are used. The ability of PS2 to function independently of the other, more upstream activators suggests that the absence of the latter elements from the 5' redundancy is insufficient to account for bypass of the 5' poly(A) site, as we had earlier proposed. Rather, the short distance from the cap site to the UAUAAA at the 5' end of genomic RNA actively suppresses its use, as this suppression can be experimentally relieved by increasing this distance to 230 to 400 nt.
Effect of mixing on enzymatic hydrolysis of steam-pretreated spruce: a quantitative analysis of conversion and power consumption (2011)

Impeller speed strongly affected both the hydrolysis rate of the pretreated spruce and needed power input. Similar conversions could be obtained at different energy input by altering the mixing (that is, energy input), enzyme load and residence time, an important issue to consider when designing large-scale plants.
Characterization of enamel exposed to 10% carbamide peroxide bleaching agents. (1993)

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of three 10% carbamide peroxide bleaching agents on enamel microhardness and surface morphology. Seventy-two enamel slabs were subjected to one of three carbamide peroxide solutions or an artificial saliva solution for 15 hours a day for 2- and 4-week periods. During the remaining 9 hours, slabs were exposed to human saliva in vivo. Although differences were not statistically significant, microhardness values of all treated specimens 2 weeks after treatment were less than those of control specimens. These trends, however, were not evident at 4 weeks. Scanning electron microscopic evaluation revealed significant surface alterations in enamel topography for slabs treated with the bleaching solutions for 4 weeks. The most severe alterations were found in slabs exposed to the lower-pH solutions.
Ni(OH)2 modified CdS nanorods for highly efficient visible-light-driven photocatalytic H2 generation (2011)

Conventional titania photocatalysts possess good activity and stability, but require near-ultraviolet (UV) irradiation (about 4% of the solar spectrum) for effective photocatalysis, which severely limits their practical applications. Here we report the synthesis of new visible-light-driven Ni(OH)2-modified CdS nanorod-type composite photocatalysts by a simple precipitation method using CdS nanorods as a support and Ni(NO3)2 as a nickel hydroxide precursor. A special emphasis is placed on the effect of Ni(OH)2 content in this composite photocatalyst on the photocatalytic rate of H2 production in triethanolamine aqueous solutions under visible light irradiation. This study shows that the photocatalytic H2-production activity of CdS nanorods is significantly enhanced by modifying them with Ni(OH)2. The optimal Ni(OH)2 loading was found to be 23 mol%, which resulted in a visible-light H2-production rate of 5085 μmol h−1 g−1 corresponding to 28% quantum efficiency (QE) at 420 nm, exceeding that of pure CdS and 1wt% Pt loaded CdS nanorods by a factor of 145 and 1.3 times, respectively. This enhanced photocatalytic H2-production activity was achieved because the potential of Ni2+/Ni (Ni2+ + 2e− = Ni, E° = −0.23 V) is less negative than the conduction band (CB) (−0.7 V) of CdS, meanwhile this potential is more negative than the reduction potential of H+/H2 (2H+ + 2e− = H2, E° = 0.0 V), which favors the transfer of CB electrons from CdS to Ni(OH)2 and the reduction of Ni2+ to Ni0. The role of Ni0 is to help the charge separation and to act as a co-catalyst for water reduction, thus enhancing the photocatalytic H2-production activity. This work not only shows a possibility for the utilization of low cost Ni(OH)2 as a substitute for noble metal Pt in photocatalytic H2-production but also demonstrates its capability for the consumption of the pollutant triethanolamine, used as a sacrificial reagent in this process.
Microcompartments for B <sub>12</sub> -Dependent 1,2-Propanediol Degradation Provide Protection from DNA and Cellular Damage by a Reactive Metabolic Intermediate (2008)

Salmonella enterica grows on 1,2-propanediol (1,2-PD) in a coenzyme B(12)-dependent fashion. Prior studies showed that a bacterial microcompartment (MCP) is involved in this process and that an MCP-minus mutant undergoes a 20-h period of growth arrest during 1,2-PD degradation. It was previously proposed that growth arrest resulted from propionaldehyde toxicity, but no direct evidence was presented. Here, high-pressure liquid chromatography analyses of culture medium were used to show that the major products of aerobic 1,2-PD degradation are propionaldehyde, propionate, and 1-propanol. A MCP-minus mutant accumulated a level of propionaldehyde 10-fold higher than that of the wild type (1.6 mM compared to 15.7 mM), associating this compound with growth arrest. The addition of propionaldehyde to cultures of S. enterica caused growth arrest from 8 to 20 mM, but not at 4 mM, providing direct evidence for propionaldehyde toxicity. Studies also indicated that propionaldehyde was toxic due to the inhibition of respiratory processes, and the growth arrest ended when propionaldehyde was depleted primarily by conversion to propionate and 1-propanol and secondarily due to volatility. The Ames test was used to show that propionaldehyde is a mutagen and that mutation frequencies are increased in MCP-minus mutants during 1,2-PD degradation. We propose that a primary function of the MCPs involved in 1,2-PD degradation is the mitigation of toxicity and DNA damage by propionaldehyde.
fos andjun interaction: The role of the leucine zipper (1989)

Jun and fos oncoproteins form a complex which regulates transcription from promoters containing AP-I binding sites. The "leucine zipper" domain of both fos and jun is necessary for the formation of the heterodimer, but the role of specific leucine residues is unclear. We have used site-specific mutagenesis to examine the contribution of individual leucine residues to the formation of a stable fos/jun protein complex and the binding of this complex to the AP-I site. Mutation of a single leucine in either fos or jun had no effect on protein complex formation. Furthermore, mutations of two consecutive leucines in jun did not interfere with heterodimer formation; however, in the case of fos, two consecutive mutations resulted in an inability to form a heterodimer. Although mutagenesis of the first leucine of the heptad repeat had no effect on protein complex formation, this mutation in either fos or jun drastically reduced the affinity of the complex for DNA. Thus, both fos and jun contribute directly to the DNA binding potential of the heterodimer.
Curation Micro-Services: A Pipeline Metaphor for Repositories (2019)

The effective long-term curation of digital content requires expert analysis, policy setting, and decision making, and a robust technical infrastructure that can effect and enforce curation policies and implement appropriate curation activities. Since the number, size, and diversity of content under curation management will undoubtedly continue to grow over time, and the state of curation understanding and best practices relative to that content will undergo a similar constant evolution, one of the overarching design goals of a sustainable curation infrastructure is flexibility. In order to provide the necessary flexibility of deployment and configuration in the face of potentially disruptive changes in technology, institutional mission, and user expectation, a useful design metaphor is provided by the Unix pipeline, in which complex behavior is an emergent property of the coordinated action of a number of simple independent components. The decomposition of repository function into a highly granular and orthogonal set of independent but interoperable micro-services is consistent with the principles of prudent engineering practice. Since each micro-service is small and self-contained, they are individually more robust and collectively easier to implement and maintain. By being freely interoperable in various strategic combinations, any number of micro-services-based repositories can be easily constructed to meet specific administrative or technical needs. Importantly, since these repositories are purposefully built from policy neutral and protocol and platform independent components to provide the function minimally necessary for a specific context, they are not constrained to conform to an infrastructural monoculture of prepackaged repository solutions. The University of California Curation Center has developed an open source micro-services infrastructure that is being used to manage the diverse digital collections of the ten campus University system and a number of non-university content partners. This paper provides a review of the conceptual design and technical implementation of this micro-services environment, a case study of initial deployment, and a look at ongoing micro-services developments.
A dual-channel wireless communication system by multiplexing twisted radio wave (2014)

In order to make full use of current wireless spectrum, we achieve a dual-channel wireless communication system by multiplexing twisted radio wave. In this system, a big challenge is antenna design to generate and combine twisted radio wave. Therefore, firstly, we propose a stacked antenna to achieve this. Secondly, we set up the dual-channel wireless communication system at 8.3 GHz by adopting the antenna. To our knowledge, this is the first time that a wireless communication system multiplexes two modes of twisted radio wave. The experimental results show that the system doubles the spectrum efficiency and reaches a data speed of 1 Gbps with low bit error rate (<;10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-7</sup> ).
Dependence of magnetic media noise on ultra-thin Cr underlayer thickness (1992)

Magnetic films on Cr underlayers of thicknesses below 100 AA show an unexpected drop in media noise. Magnetic interactions as measured by coercive squareness and delta M are also low. However, the microstructure of the films gives no evidence that physical segregation is the mechanism of exchange decoupling, as is the case for underlayers above 500 AA. It is suggested from diffuse electron diffraction patterns, the theory of heterogeneous nucleation applied to early stages of thin-film formation, and increased M/sub s/ values for the thin Cr cases that enhanced elemental segregation to the grain boundaries is occurring due to larger misorientation of grains. Elemental segregation gives rise to the low noise and decreased interactions. As the Cr underlayer increases in thickness, preferred columnar growth takes over and eventually results in physically segregated grains, which becomes the source of decoupling and noise reduction. In between the extremes, noise maximizes between 200 AA and 600 AA.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging reactions of gentisic acid:<i>in-vitro</i>and pulse radiolysis studies (2011)

Abstract Antioxidant activity of gentisic acid has been studied using fast chemical kinetics and two in vitro models, namely the isolated rat liver mitochondria (RLM) and the human erythrocytes. The presence of gentisic acid (GA) during irradiation significantly reduced the levels of gamma radiation induced damages to lipids and proteins in RLM. Further, GA imparted protection to the human erythrocytes against exposure to gamma radiation. Molecular mechanism of free radical scavenging reactions has been evaluated with the help of rate constants and transients obtained from gentisic acid using pulse radiolysis technique. GA efficiently scavenged hydroxyl radical (k = 1.1 × 10(10) dm(3)mol(-1)s(-1)) to produce reducing adduct radical (~76%) and oxidizing phenoxyl radical (~24%). GA has also scavenged organohaloperoxyl radical (k = 9.3 × 10(7) dm(3) mol(-1)s(-1)). Ascorbate has been found to repair phenoxyl radical of GA (k = 1.0 × 10(7) dm(3)mol(-1)s(-1)). Redox potential value of GA(•)/GA couple (0.774 V vs NHE) obtained by cyclic voltammetry is less than those of physiologically important oxidants, which supports the observed antioxidant capacity of GA. We, therefore, propose that the antioxidant and radioprotective properties of GA are exerted by its phenoxyl group.
Adaptive handoffs through the estimation of fading parameters (2002)

Vijayan and Holtzman (1993) and Zhang and Holtzman (1994) outlined a model for analyzing handoff algorithms based on signal strength measurements. Delay in handoff and number of unnecessary handoffs were identified as performance measures. It was further shown that the signal averaging distance and hysteresis level could be chosen so that both performance measures were minimized. Vijayan and Holtzman (1993) pointed out that the optimal parameters were particularly sensitive to the shadow fading standard deviation. It was suggested that using more averaging and less hysteresis would provide some robustness. However, in order to detect jumps in signal strength (street corner effects), less averaging and more hysteresis is required. Thus, there is a conflict of requirements for robustness to shadow fading and jump detection. The present authors suggest estimating the shadow fading standard deviation as a solution to resolve the conflict. A simple scheme is outlined. It is based on using squared deviations of the received signal strength. Several sensitivity studies were performed and the results are included. The use of these estimates in conjunction with maximum Doppler frequency estimates to estimate speed in an adaptive handoff algorithm is specified.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Molecular modeling the microstructure and phase behavior of bulk and inhomogeneous complex fluids (2009)

Accurate prediction of the thermodynamics and microstructure of complex fluids is contingent upon a model's ability to capture the molecular architecture and the specific intermolecular and intramolecular interactions that govern fluid behavior. This dissertation makes key contributions to improving the understanding and molecular modeling of complex bulk and inhomogeneous fluids, with an emphasis on associating and macromolecular molecules (water, hydrocarbons, polymers, surfactants, and colloids). Such developments apply broadly to fields ranging from biology and medicine, to high performance soft materials and energy.\nIn the bulk, the perturbed-chain statistical associating fluid theory (PC-SAFT), an equation of state based on Wertheim's thermodynamic perturbation theory (TPT1), is extended to include a crossover correction that significantly improves the predicted phase behavior in the critical region. In addition, PC-SAFT is used to investigate the vapor-liquid equilibrium of sour gas mixtures, to improve the understanding of mercaptan/sulfide removal via gas treating.\nFor inhomogeneous fluids, a density functional theory (DFT) based on TPT1 is extended to problems that exhibit radially symmetric inhomogeneities. First, the influence of model solutes on the structure and interfacial properties of water are investigated. The DFT successfully describes the hydrophobic phenomena on microscopic and macroscopic length scales, capturing structural changes as a function of solute size and temperature.\nThe DFT is used to investigate the structure and effective forces in nonadsorbing polymer-colloid mixtures. A comprehensive study is conducted characterizing the role of polymer concentration and particle/polymer size ratio on the structure, polymer induced depletion forces, and tendency towards colloidal aggregation.\nThe inhomogeneous form of the association functional is used, for the first time, to extend the DFT to associating polymer systems, applicable to any association scheme. Theoretical results elucidate how reversible bonding governs the structure of a fluid near a surface and in confined environments, the molecular connectivity (formation of supramolecules, star polymers, etc.) and the phase behavior of the system.\nFinally, the DFT is extended to predict the inter- and intramolecular correlation functions of polymeric fluids. A theory capable of providing such local structure is important to understanding how local chemistry, branching, and bond flexibility affect the thermodynamic properties of polymers.
Two-channel polarization modulation ellipsometer (1990)

A new wavelength-scanning two-channel polarization modulation ellipsometer is described, where a photo-elastic modulator is used and the analyzed light is separated into orthogonally polarized beams using a Wollaston prism. Both beams are detected using phototubes whose bias voltage is dynamically controlled for constant dc. The dc from each phototube is measured with a digital voltmeter, and the fundamental and second harmonic of the phototube current are measured using individual lock-in amplifiers. All three of the associated ellipsometric parameters (N = cos2psi, S = sin2psi sindelta, and C = sin2psi, cosDelta) can be determined simultaneously in a single scan. The versatility of the instrument is demonstrated by the determination of the optical functions of Si from 238 to 652 nm (5.3-1.9 eV).
TROJAN: Remotely operated vehicle (1986)

Following success in remotely operated vehicle (ROV) designs such as MMIM, IZE, SOLO, ORVIL, CIRRUS, PIC, and OBSERVER, Slingsby Engineering Limited (SEL) has now developed its technology to build and prove a new ROV, TROJAN. TROJAN is a dedicated subsea support vehicle, which results from extensive market research being applied to a base of 15 years in the underwater technology market. SEL has been at the forefront of the evolution of this market from early manned submersible days, followed by atmospheric diving systems to ROV's. The TROJAN ROV is conceived as a subsea workhorse offering a new dimension to subsea support operations. TROJAN benefits by incorporation of proven technology developed by SEL in recent years on SOLO, PIC, and CIRRUS projects. Using standard components, TROJAN's high reliability and efficient performance offer a versatile and cost-effective work system.
Back-pressure routing and rate control for ICNs (2010)

We study a network composed of multiple clusters of wireless nodes. Within each cluster, nodes can communicate directly using the wireless links; however, these clusters are far away such that direct communication between the clusters is impossible except through "mobile" contact nodes. These mobile contact nodes are data carriers that shuffle between clusters and transport data from source to destination clusters. There are several applications of our network model (e.g., clusters of mobile soldiers connected via unmanned aerial vehicles).
The cost of conservative synchronization in parallel discrete event simulations (1993)

This paper analytically studies the performance of a synchronous conservative parallel discrete-event simulation protocol. The class of models considered simulates activity in a physical domain, and possesses a limited ability to predict future behavior. Using a stochastic model, it is shown that as the volume of simulation activity in the model increases relative to a fixed architecture, the complexity of the average per-event overhead due to synchronization, event list manipulation, lookahead calculations, and processor idle time approaches the complexity of the average per-event overhead of a serial simulation, sometimes rapidly. The method is therefore within a constant factor of optimal. The result holds for the worst case “fully-connected” communication topology, where an event in any other portion of the domain can cause an event in any other protion of the domain. Our analysis demonstrates that on large problems—those for which parallel processing is ideally suited— there is often enough parallel workload so that processors are not usually idle. It also demonstrated the viability of the method empirically, showing how good performance is achieved on large problems using a thirty-two node Intel iPSC/2 distributed memory multiprocessor.
Carbon Nanotube Arrays for Thermal Management Applications (2008)

Abstract : The work was designed towards creating aligned multiwalled carbon nanotube arrays by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of xylene hydrocarbon precursor and simultaneous vapor phase delivery of catalyst particles. Low density nanotube arrays as well as highly dense pyrolitic carbon coated nanotube arrays were produced. The nanotube arrays could be grown to several hundreds of microns long. The simultaneous growth of nanotubes and densification of the aligned carbon nanotube (ACNT) films by carbon infiltration in the interstitial spaces between nanotubes were accomplished in a single step by the combination of the chemical vapor deposition and chemical vapor infiltration processes.
1190. Chemistry of the metal carbonyls. Part XXXII. Isomerisation of allyl compounds and the dimerisation of norbornadiene (1965)

P. W. Jolly, F. G. A. Stone and K. Mackenzie, J. Chem. Soc., 1965, 6416 DOI: 10.1039/JR9650006416