gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cloning of murine NKG2A, B and C: second family of C-type lectin receptors on murine NK cells (1999)

Multiple NK cell receptors for MHC class I have been identified. They include killer inhibitory receptors and CD94/NKG2 heterodimers in humans and the Ly49 family in mice. Here we report the cloning of murine NKG2A, B and C. The deduced amino acid sequence of mouse NKG2A contains only one consensus cytoplasmic immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM). NKG2A from B6 and BALB/c mice differ by six amino acid residues in the extracellular domain. Murine NKG2B, like its human conterpart, appears to be a splice variant of NKG2A and lacks a large portion of the stalk region. Murine NKG2C lacks an ITIM in its cytoplasmic domain, a feature shared by human and rat NKG2C. However, unlike the human counterpart, the transmembrane domain of mouse NKG2C does not contain a charged amino acid residue. Mouse NKG2A mRNA was detected in IL-2-activated NK cells and spleen cells but not in other tissues. The NKG2A gene was localized on the distal portion of chromosome 6 where the NK complex has been located. These results further extend the repertoire of C-type lectin receptors on murine NK cells.
Decimal Multiplication with Efficient Partial Product Generation (2005)

Decimal multiplication is important in many commercial applications including financial analysis, banking, tax calculation, currency conversion, insurance, and accounting. This paper presents a novel design for fixed-point decimal multiplication that utilizes a simple recoding scheme to produce signed-magnitude representations of the operands thereby greatly simplifying the process of generating partial products for each multiplier digit. The partial products are generated using a digit-by-digit multiplier on a word-by-digit basis, first in a signed-digit form with two digits per position, and then combined via a combinational circuit. As the signed-digit partial products are developed one at a time while traversing the recoded multiplier operand from the least significant digit to the most significant digit, each partial product is added along with the accumulated sum of previous partial products via a signed-digit adder. This work is significantly different from other work employing digit-by-digit multipliers due to the efficiency gained by restricting the range of digits throughout the multiplication process.
Enforcement - enforcement action (2009)

We will not use enforcement action until all other avenues to encourage the owner to bring the property back into use have been exhausted.
The biomarker guide: interpreting molecular fossils in petroleum and ancient sediments (1993)

This indispensable reference provides the only comprehensive discussion of biomarkers and how they are used with other geochemical methods to reduce the risk associated with exploration for petroleum. The guide brings together information on biomarkers and related technology that is now disseminated in hundreds of research papers, and creates general guidelines for the use of selected parameters. For a broad audience including company exploration geologies, geochemists, geochemical coordinators, and managers.
Fast and versatile deposition of aligned semiconductor nanorods by dip-coating on a substrate with interdigitated electrodes (2013)

Semiconductor nanorods mainly absorb and emit light with the electric field along the axis of the rods, it is therefore important to align the nanorods along a preferred direction. The homogeneous deposition of aligned nanorods on large substrates is interesting for large size applications such as solar cells and OLEDs. In this work, we present a fast and versatile method for the homogeneous deposition and alignment of nanorods from a colloidal suspension. The method is based on a low-cost dip-coating procedure during which an alternating electric field is applied. The accumulation, orientation, and polarized fluorescence of the nanorods is verified by AFM and polarized fluorescence microscopy. An alignment with order parameter of 0.67 has been obtained with this method. © 2013 Optical Society of America.
TSC22D4 is a molecular output of hepatic wasting metabolism (2013)

In mammals, proper storage and distribution of lipids in and between tissues is essential for the maintenance of energy homeostasis. Here, we show that tumour growth triggers hepatic metabolic dysfunction as part of the cancer cachectic phenotype, particularly by reduced hepatic very-low-density-lipoprotein (VLDL) secretion and hypobetalipoproteinemia. As a molecular cachexia output pathway, hepatic levels of the transcription factor transforming growth factor beta 1-stimulated clone (TSC) 22 D4 were increased in cancer cachexia. Mimicking high cachectic levels of TSC22D4 in healthy livers led to the inhibition of hepatic VLDL release and lipogenic genes, and diminished systemic VLDL levels under both normal and high fat dietary conditions. Liver-specific ablation of TSC22D4 triggered hypertriglyceridemia through the induction of hepatic VLDL secretion. Furthermore, hepatic TSC22D4 expression levels were correlated with the degree of body weight loss and VLDL hypo-secretion in cancer cachexia, and TSC22D4 deficiency rescued tumour cell-induced metabolic dysfunction in hepatocytes. Therefore, hepatic TSC22D4 activity may represent a molecular rationale for peripheral energy deprivation in subjects with metabolic wasting diseases, including cancer cachexia.
Statistical delay bounds oriented packet scheduling algorithms in high speed networks (2000)

We first present a strategic analysis of end-to-end delay bounds and identify heuristics for scheduler design, then propose three new schedulers that are targeted at statistical delay bounds: Deadline-curve basedEarliest Deadline First (DC-EDF), Adaptive Quasi-Earliest Deadline First (AQE)and General Dynamic Guaranteed Rate Queueing (GDGRQ).\n\nUnder DC-EDF, local deadlines are assigned as strict time-shifted versions ofsource packet arrival times. This is quite different from the well-known RC-EDF(Rate-controlled EDF), which deploys traffic shaping at each switching node. Weshow that even without traffic shapers, DC-EDF provides not only end-to-enddelay bounds, but also a schedulable region as large as that of RC-EDF. DC-EDFis self-adaptive in local delay bound assignments. This property makes DC-EDFsuitable as the scheduler at intermediate switching nodes along a flow's route.\n\nAQE is an enhancement of EDF with intelligence of adaptive scheduling. Under AQEpercentile delay bounds are the delay QoS metric. AQE behaves like EDF whenbandwidth is sufficient. When bandwidth becomes deficient, however, AQE onlyschedules a subset of flows which currently have relatively worse performance;other flows are completely blocked and will be unblocked only when bandwidthbecomes sufficient again. Essentially, AQE enforces shaping on packet delaydistributions. AQE is most suited for scheduling at the last switching nodealong a flow's route. The combination of DC-EDF and AQE provides a good solutiontowards statistical end-to-end delay bounds.\n\nGDGQR is designed for networks with fixed packet sizes. It is a subclass of thewell-known Guaranteed Rate (GR) schedulers, thus can guarantee minimum rates toflows. The GR property of GDGRQ is retained through a sophisticated datastructure called cell transmission table. The unique feature of GDGRQ is that itallows controllable adaptive strategy of excess bandwidth distribution, which isrealized by short-term rate adjustment according to queue measurement. GDGRQ isa framework for designing schedulers that can both provide (possibly large)deterministic delay bounds and allow statistical delay bounds.
Control of porous Si photoluminescence through dry oxidation (1992)

We demonstrate the applicability of thermal oxidation to control the photoluminescence (PL) from quantum-sized structures in porous silicon. Uniform photoluminescence samples with intense visible light observed under ultraviolet light at room temperature were quickly obtained without a long time hydrofluoric acid (HF) immersion. Applying different oxidation times or temperatures provides a very practical technique to control the luminescence color. By this way, we have observed a shift in the luminescence peak from 7600 to 6200 Å and a reduction in the spectral width from ∼1600 to ∼950 Å.
Semiconducting potassium tantalate electrodes. Photoassistance agents for the efficient electrolysis of water (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSemiconducting potassium tantalate electrodes. Photoassistance agents for the efficient electrolysis of waterArthur B. Ellis, Steven W. Kaiser, and Mark S. WrightonCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1976, 80, 12, 1325–1328Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100553a014https://doi.org/10.1021/j100553a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views361Altmetric-Citations88LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
In-network caching effect on optimal energy consumption in content-centric networking (2012)

In content-centric networking (CCN), the in-network caching feature provides several attractive advantages such as low dissemination latency and network transport load reduction. Thus, CCN requires less transport energy but additional energy to provide a caching capability at every content router. In this paper, we investigate the minimum energy consumption that CCN can achieve with optimal cache locations by considering different caching hardware technologies, number of downloads per hour, and content popularity. We first set up an energy consumption model for CCN and then formulate linear and nonlinear programming problems to minimize total energy consumption of CCN. Also, a genetic algorithm (GA) approach is proposed to find energy-efficient cache locations. Using reported energy efficiency of computational hardware and network equipment, we show CCN yield greater energy savings for very popular content and small-sized catalog, compared to conventional CDN. Our results also indicate that two aspects of the memory technology, energy-proportional caching and sufficient memory capacity, are critical to the overall energy efficiency gain of CCN.
What is the State of Neural Network Pruning? (2020)

Neural network pruning---the task of reducing the size of a network by removing parameters---has been the subject of a great deal of work in recent years. We provide a meta-analysis of the literature, including an overview of approaches to pruning and consistent findings in the literature. After aggregating results across 81 papers and pruning hundreds of models in controlled conditions, our clearest finding is that the community suffers from a lack of standardized benchmarks and metrics. This deficiency is substantial enough that it is hard to compare pruning techniques to one another or determine how much progress the field has made over the past three decades. To address this situation, we identify issues with current practices, suggest concrete remedies, and introduce ShrinkBench, an open-source framework to facilitate standardized evaluations of pruning methods. We use ShrinkBench to compare various pruning techniques and show that its comprehensive evaluation can prevent common pitfalls when comparing pruning methods.
Apyrase Functions in Plant Phosphate Nutrition and Mobilizes Phosphate from Extracellular ATP1 (1999)

ATP, which is present in the extracellular matrix of multicellular organisms and in the extracellular fluid of unicellular organisms, has been shown to function as a signaling molecule in animals. The concentration of extracellular ATP (xATP) is known to be functionally modulated in part by ectoapyrases, membrane-associated proteins that cleave the gamma- and beta-phosphates on xATP. We present data showing a previously unreported (to our knowledge) linkage between apyrase and phosphate transport. An apyrase from pea (Pisum sativum) complements a yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) phosphate-transport mutant and significantly increases the amount of phosphate taken up by transgenic plants overexpressing the gene. The transgenic plants show enhanced growth and augmented phosphate transport when the additional phosphate is supplied as inorganic phosphate or as ATP. When scavenging phosphate from xATP, apyrase mobilizes the gamma-phosphate without promoting the transport of the purine or the ribose.
Terahertz dark-field imaging of biomedical tissue (2001)

We investigate dark-field imaging in the terahertz (THz) fre-quency regime with the intention to enhance image contrast through the analysis of scattering and diffraction signatures. A gold-on-TPX test structure and an archived biomedical tissue sample are examined in conventional and dark-field transmission geometry. In particular, the capability of the technique for tumor detection is addressed.
Using a user-level memory thread for correlation prefetching (2003)

This paper introduces the idea of using a user-level memory thread (ULMT) for correlation prefetching. In this approach, a user thread runs on a general-purpose processor in main memory, either in the memory controller chip or in a DRAM chip. The thread performs correlation prefetching in software, sending the prefetched data into the L2 cache of the main processor. This approach requires minimal hardware beyond the memory processor: the correlation table is a software data structure that resides in the main memory, while the main processor only needs a few modifications to its L2 cache so that it can accept incoming prefetches. In addition, the approach has wide usability, as it can effectively prefetch even for irregular applications. Finally, it is very flexible, as the prefetching algorithm can be customized by the user on an application basis. Our simulation results show that, through a new design of the correlation table and prefetching algorithm, our scheme delivers good results. Specifically, nine mostly-irregular applications show an average speedup of 1.32. Furthermore, our scheme works well in combination with a conventional processor-side sequential prefetcher, in which case the average speedup increases to 1.46. Finally, by exploiting the customization of the prefetching algorithm, we increase the average speed up to 1.53.
A Novel, Nondestructive, Dried Blood Spot-Based Hematocrit Prediction Method Using Noncontact Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (2016)

Dried blood spot (DBS) sampling is recognized as a valuable alternative sampling strategy both in research and in clinical routine. Although many advantages are associated with DBS sampling, its more widespread use is hampered by several issues, of which the hematocrit effect on DBS-based quantitation remains undoubtedly the most widely discussed one. Previously, we developed a method to derive the approximate hematocrit from a nonvolumetrically applied DBS based on its potassium content. Although this method yielded good results and was straightforward to perform, it was also destructive and required sample preparation. Therefore, we now developed a nondestructive method which allows to predict the hematocrit of a DBS based on its hemoglobin content, measured via noncontact diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The developed method was thoroughly validated. A linear calibration curve was established after log/log transformation. The bias, intraday and interday imprecision of quality controls at three hematocrit levels and at the lower and upper limit of quantitation (0.20 and 0.67, respectively) were less than 11%. In addition, the influence of storage and the volume spotted was evaluated, as well as DBS homogeneity. Application of the method to venous DBSs prepared from whole blood patient samples (n = 233) revealed a good correlation between the actual and the predicted hematocrit. Limits of agreement obtained after Bland and Altman analysis were -0.076 and +0.018. Incurred sample reanalysis demonstrated good method reproducibility. In conclusion, mere scanning of a DBS suffices to derive its approximate hematocrit, one of the most important variables in DBS analysis.
Room temperature deposition of sputtered TiN films for superconducting coplanar waveguide resonators (2013)

We present a systematic study of the properties of room temperature deposited TiN films by varying the deposition conditions in an ultra-high-vacuum reactive magnetron sputtering chamber. By increasing the deposition pressure from 2 to 9 mTorr while keeping a nearly stoichiometric composition of Ti1−xNx (x = 0.5) without substrate heating, the film resistivity increases, the dominant crystal orientation changes from (100) to (111), grain boundaries become clearer, and the strong compressive in-plane strain changes to weak tensile in-plane strain. The TiN films absorb a high concentration of contaminants including hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen when they are exposed to air after deposition. With the target–substrate distance set to 88 mm the contaminant levels increase from ∼0.1% to ∼10% as the pressure is increased from 2 to 9 mTorr. The contaminant concentrations also correlate with in-plane distance from the center of the substrate and increase by roughly two orders of magnitude as the target–substrate distance is increased from 88 to 266 mm. These contaminants are found to strongly influence the properties of TiN thin films. For instance, the resistivity of stoichiometric films increases by around a factor of 5 as the oxygen content increases from 0.1% to 11%. These results strongly suggest that the energy of the sputtered TiN particles plays a crucial role in determining the TiN film properties, and that it is important to precisely control the energy of these particles to obtain high-quality TiN films. Superconducting coplanar waveguide resonators made from a series of nearly stoichiometric films grown at pressures from 2 to 7 mTorr show a substantial increase in intrinsic quality factor from ∼104 to ∼106 as the magnitude of the compressive strain decreases from nearly 3800 MPa to approximately 150 MPa and the oxygen content increases from 0.1% to 8%. Surprisingly, the films with a higher oxygen content exhibit lower loss, but care must be taken when depositing at room temperature to avoid nonuniform oxygen incorporation, which presents as a radially dependent resistivity and becomes a radially dependent surface inductance in the superconductor.
Physical and cognitive consequences of fatigue: A review (2015)

Fatigue is a common worrying complaint among people performing physical activities on the basis of training or rehabilitation. An enormous amount of research articles have been published on the topic of fatigue and its effect on physical and physiological functions. The goal of this review was to focus on the effect of fatigue on muscle activity, proprioception, and cognitive functions and to summarize the results to understand the influence of fatigue on these functions. Attaining this goal provides evidence and guidance when dealing with patients and/or healthy individuals in performing maximal or submaximal exercises.
Innovative Library Driven Project Improves Clinical Governance (2010)

Trudi Maly reports on the establishment and ongoing work of the Clinical Practice Guidelines Quality Improvement Program, for which she won the inaugural HLA/HCN Health Informatics Innovation Award. The purpose of the Guidelines Program is to improve clinical governance, and ultimately patient outcomes, by developing evidence-based clinical guidelines, standardised across the five Northern Territory Department of Health and Families hospitals.
TGF-β: 20 years and counting (1999)

The history of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) as a bifunctional agent in the immune system is briefly described. The importance of cellular context in understanding the role of TGF-beta in regulating immune response is emphasized.
Effect of amino acids on the expression of antiviral activity of different types of human interferon. II. Effects of various amino acid pairs. (1985)

Seven amino acids which influence the antiviral activity of IFN-alpha were tested in various pairs on human leukocyte and immune IFN and on their synergistic antiviral effect. Different kinds of interactions were observed between amino acids, ranging from extinction through competition to synergism. In some cases, different types of interactions could be observed in relation to HuIFN-alpha and HuIFN-gamma. It has been reported that certain amino acids influence the antiviral activity of human interferons (IFNs). Some of them are even capable of affecting synergistic cooperation between HuIFN-alpha and HuIFN-gamma. In our experiments we tested whether these effects can be modified further by applying two amino acids simultaneously. We hoped to shed light on the problem of their mode of action by analysing their interactions.
Carbocatalysis: Heterogeneous carbons finding utility in synthetic chemistry (2011)

In this minireview, we discuss the utility of heterogeneous carbons as catalysts for facilitating a broad range of synthetic transformations. While such materials are commonly used as supports for transition metals that are catalytically active, carbons that are free of metals are also capable of enabling useful chemical reactions. Carbon catalysts hold promise in the development of sustainable alternatives to existing metal-dependent processes, as well as the discovery of mechanisms and transformations that are altogether new. Spanning from the 1930s to the present day, we provide a broad overview of the utility of carbon to facilitate various oxidation, reduction, and bond forming processes. Lastly, we will present some challenges for the future of the field.