gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chemical double-layer capacitor power source for electromechanical thrust vector control actuator (1996)

Power sources for electrical actuation systems need to be made as compact as possible for many potential applications. Size and weight constraints require that the energy and power densities of the source be as large as possible. While, in general, it is not possible to optimize both these parameters simultaneously, chemical double-layer (CDL) capacitor technology offers an excellent combination of the desirable energy and power density characteristics required in a source for these applications. The work presented here focuses on the design, testing, and evaluation of the CDL capacitor technology in combination with batteries as a unique power source for electrical actuation systems. In this research effort CDL capacitor technology was applied in the design and development of a power source for thrust vector control electromechanical actuators currently being developed for use on the Space Shuttle's solid rocket boosters. CDL capacitors have many properties that make them well suited for actuator applications. Among them are that they have the highest demonstrated energy density for capacitive storage (about a factor of 5-10 less than NiCd batteries), have power densities up to 50 times greater than NiCd batteries, are capable of 500,000 charge-discharge cycles, can be charged at extremely high rates, and have nonexplosive failure modes. Thus, CDL capacitors exhibit a combination of desirable battery and capacitor characteristics.
Integrated 2×2 optical switch with gain (1994)

A 2×2 optical switch based on semiconductor laser amplifiers with passive waveguide routers and corner mirrors is demonstrated. All paths show fibre-to-fibre gain for all polarisations, with 6 dB gain achieved in the best case.
A review on mechanical exfoliation for the scalable production of graphene (2015)

This review discusses the available routes for the large-scale production of graphene in terms of the exfoliation of graphite.
Simmel as a "Hidden King"? On his relations to Egon Friedell and Max Raphael (2017)

Simmel as a "Hidden King"? On his relations to Egon Friedell and Max Raphael. Egon Friedell, a Karl Kraus disciple, who wrote his famous "Kulturgeschichte der Neuzeit" (1927pp.), DOES what Simmel described as the 'hidden King': every epoch, every era - says Friedell - has its specific idea, concept, fashion, even furniture style. He tries to expose this from late Middle Ages up to World War I, with a enormous knowledge, but he doesn't care about empirical validation, just evidence (like Simmel): instead of having no thesis, he prefers to put out even false ones (like, sometimes, Simmel, too). He read Simmel, but found him, strange enough, as "hard to understand". The other case is Max Raphael, art historian and, like Bloch, a Simmel student. Simmel, e.g., managed that he could get in contact with Rodin. Raphael began in "From Monet to Picasso", a dissertation Wölfflin refused because being focused on contemporary art, to demand an "absolute Gestaltung" (total creation) from any particular piece of art. He obviously learned this 'hidden King' from Simmel's "Rembrandt" and overexaggerates it: modern art yet fails, says Raphael, to execute that. Later on, he switched over to Communism, but one still can show that underneath his concept of 'empirical art history' Simmel's ideas on art themselves wound up as a 'hidden King'.
Use of spectral autocorrelation in spectral envelope linear prediction for speech recognition (1999)

This paper proposes a linear predictive (LP) analysis method where sample autocorrelations are estimated from the spectral envelope of a speech signal on the basis of the spectral autocorrelation. The spectral autocorrelation is defined as discrete quantities of speech spectrum with spectral resolution identical to the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) used to obtain the speech spectrum. From analytical and empirical derivation of its properties, we can estimate the fundamental frequency and the maximally correlated frequency for voiced and unvoiced speech, respectively, and then obtain the spectral envelope by sampling at a rate of the estimated frequency. A frequency normalization can be applied to the estimated spectral envelope because the number of samples of the spectral envelope usually differs from frame to frame. The spectral envelope is warped into the mel-frequency scale and the inverse DFT is applied to extract the estimate of sample autocorrelations. From the result of LP analysis on the sample autocorrelations, we finally obtain the spectral envelope cepstral coefficients (SECC). Hidden Markov model (HMM) recognition experiments show that SECC significantly improves the performance of a recognizer at low signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) over several other representations.
Selective conversion of cellulose into bulk chemicals over Brønsted acid-promoted ruthenium catalyst: one-pot vs. sequential process (2012)

Acid hydrolysis and hydrogenation/hydrogenolysis reactions can be combined for catalytic conversion of cellulose into renewable biorefinery feedstocks by using two heterogeneous catalysts: sulfonic acid (–SO3H) functionalized mesoporous silica (MCM-41) and Ru/C. The combination is suitable for a one-pot tandem process to convert cellulose into alkanediols (mainly propylene glycol and ethylene glycol), yet deactivation of the sulfonic acid (–SO3H) functionalized mesoporous silica occurred rapidly after only one reaction cycle because of an irreversible change in the mesoporous structure and loss of acid groups. However, much better selectivity of hexitol or γ-valerolactone (GVL) can be obtained in a sequential tandem process by hydrogenating the hydrolysis products, glucose and levulinic acid (LA). A similar irreversible deactivation of acid catalyst also occurred when it involved the hydrogenolysis of glucose into alkanediols. When the sulfonic acid-functionalized mesoporous silica is filtered, and the hydrolysis products of cellulose are directly used in the hydrogenation reaction without further purification, a better selectivity and stability of hexitol production can be obtained. Under such conditions, the lifetime of the catalyst system can be significantly extended, up to 6 times the original durability of the acid-functionalized silica.
Study of D~0→π~-1~+ν_1 Decay (2006)

In this paper, the D~0→π~-1~+ν_1 decay process is studied by applying light-cone QCD sum rules. The form factor of D→πtransition is calculated by choosing a correlation function with a chiral current to eliminate the effect caused by the uncertainty of the twist-3 function of the pion . Therefore the calculated result of the form factor is improved, and the branching ratio of the D~0→π~-1~+ν_1 decay process is consistent with the new experimental data.
HomeMAC: QoS-based MAC protocol for the home network (2003)

We believe that existing wire solutions such as Home-PNA2.0 and HomePlug and wireless solution such as HomeRF are the most promising solutions, because of its cost-effectiveness. However, MAC protocols of these solutions provide only class of service (CoS) using priority mechanism like HomePNA and HomePlug or consider only voice among real-time traffics like HomeRF For these reasons, we perceive the needs of the new MAC protocol which is no new wire solution and provides guaranteed quality of service (QoS) for not only voice but also video and audio. In light of this, we present the design and software implementation of a new MAC protocol for the home network called the HomeMAC. Our evaluation results of software implementation verify that HomeMAC can provide low delay and low jitter to the real-time traffic by reservation of the bandwidth.
Stress detection from speech and Galvanic Skin Response signals (2013)

The problem of stress-management has been receiving an increasing attention in related research communities due to a wider recognition of potential problems caused by chronic stress and due to the recent developments of technologies providing non-intrusive ways of collecting continuously objective measurements to monitor person's stress level. Experimental studies have shown already that stress level can be judged based on the analysis of Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) and speech signals. In this paper we investigate how classification techniques can be used to automatically determine periods of acute stress relying on information contained in GSR and/or speech of a person.
A novel multi&#8211;bit parallel &#916;&#931; FM&#8211;to&#8211;digital converter with 24&#8211;bit resolution (2002)

This paper describes a multi-bit ΔΣ FM-to-digital converter (FDC) combining 1024 first-order AE modulators in parallel to increase the signal to quantization-noise ratio (SQNR). This parallelization technique is totally new and according to theory, the SQNR is increased by 6 dB per doubling of number of modulators. The proposed circuit is an extension of the existing frequency delta sigma modulator (FDSM)-concept. The FDSM-concept is based on a ΔΣ-modulator with no global feedback and thus no need for a feedback DAC, which makes multi-bit conversion straight forward. Theoretical discussions and circuit simulation are presented along with measured results from a 24-bit parallel FDC which has been implemented in a standard 0.6µm CMOS process from Austria Micro Systeme AG (AMS). For a 150 Hz bandwidth the measured SQNR is 146 dB with a clock frequency of 20 MHz.
Peak reduction for OFDM by shaping the clipping noise (2005)

The high peaks of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal are distorted nonlinearly by the high power amplifier (HPA). Clipping techniques can reduce the peaks. Most conventional clipping techniques consider the inter carrier interference (ICI) due to clipping noise to be white and Gaussian distributed. In conclusion it is tried to minimize the interference power. In contrast to that alternative noise distributions are investigated in this paper. A transmitter design based on the active constellation extension (ACE) technique (B.S. Krongold and D.L. Jones, IEEE Trans. on Broadcasting, vol. 49, no. 3. pp. 258-268, 2003) is proposed for shaping the clipping noise accordingly. In comparison to conventional clipping techniques a lower out-of-band (OOB) radiation and a smaller E/sub b//N/sub 0/-degradation can be achieved.
Cimetidine treatment of acute and chronic zollinger‐ellison syndrome (1979)

Thirteen patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES) were treated with cimetidine. This population could be divided into chronic forms, mostly presenting as a common duodenal ulcer, and acute forms resulting in critical problems requiring intensive medical care. Among the 7 patients with chronic ZES, cimetidine treatment was unsuccessful in 2; satisfactory clinical control was obtained in 3 others, but gastrinoma excision was the final treatment; cimetidine treatment has been prolonged for more than 15 months in the last 2 patients. If, in this condition, acute pharmacologic secretory inhibition were constantly obtained, therapeutic efficiency criteria are not sensitive enough to establish certainty in the patient's long-term follow-up. Total gastrectomy is still a valuable alternative if excision of the gastrinoma is not possible. Of the 6 patients with acute ZES, 4 were treated by pirenzepin (0.5 mg/kg intramuscularly 3 times a day) adjunctive to cimetidine infusion (2.4 mg/day), which resulted in increased antisecretory activity. However, total gastrectomy was the final outcome in every patient, with 1 immediate postoperative death. In conclusion, cimetidine in ZES treatment, although capable of inducing ulcer healing, diarrhea disappearance, and dramatic secretory inhibition, is still challenged by surgery, which allows either complete cure of the gastrinoma or definitive suppression of the secretory virulence.
Opsis: a distributed object architecture based on bracket capabilities (2002)

The object-oriented access control in contemporary middleware is inadequate in view of the sensitivity of data stored on the internet and the growing threat from hackers and malicious software. In this paper we present the Opsis system, an architecture for distributed Java applications based on the strict use of `bracket capabilities&amp;apos;. We describe the concept of `capability servers&amp;apos; for supporting flexibility and transparency of remote invocation and for allowing the migration of objects. We demonstrate the power and simplicity of the system in an example E-commerce application including the definition of a form of secure electronic cheque .
Effect of Noise and Transducer Variability on the Performance of Circular Microphone Arrays (2005)

The practical performance of circular microphone arrays is discussed. Such arrays are useful for the analysis of room acoustics, the recording of live sound fields for surround-sound reproduction, and in teleconferencing applications. They also produce low-cost performance relative to three-dimensional arrays when sound sources and loudspeaker reproduction systems are predominantly in the horizontal plane. The noise performance of circular arrays and their sensitivity to transducer variability are considered, and examples are given for the ideal first-order array. In addition, the analysis of arrays using a recently proposed downsampling technique is included.
Mesoporous silica-supported catalysts for metathesis: application to a circulating flow reactor (2009)

Using click chemistry for linkage, a ruthenium-based metathesis catalyst was efficiently immobilized on nanoporous silica. The heterogenized catalyst exhibited good activity and recyclability for various substrates. An interesting application was demonstrated for a continuous process using a circulating flow reactor.
Techniques for Extracting High-Resolution Still Images from Video Sequences (2001)

This Report describes techniques for extracting a single frame or part of a frame from a video image sequence and combining information from other frames to enhance the resolution of the result. The result depends on accurate alignment of the frames and construction of a detailed image consistent with the coarse data in the frames. Techniques for the alignment and the construction steps, and theoretical limitations on the final resolution, are considered.
Selectivity in catalysis by hydrogen-porous membranes (1981)

The methods of controlling a catalyst's selectivity by holding its surface (and in special cases its sub-surface) layer in non-stationary states towards the reagents are discussed.This may be achieved by the use of (a) a membrane catalyst; (b) a fluid bed; (c) a riser reactor; (d) periodical changes of the process parameters or catalyst circulation between the reactor and the regenerator; (e) a chromatographic regime; (ƒ) a self-oscillating or stochastic regime. The membrane catalyst produces a non-stationary state of the catalyst surface more easily than do the other methods and for a longer period of time. This propensity of the membrane catalyst is especially important for small-scale industrial installations and for producing ultrapure substances. The transfer of one reagent through the catalyst, for example through a palladium-based septum, increases the selectivity of the hydrogenation of triple bonds into double bonds and of, say, one double bond in a cyclic diene in comparison with normal hydrogenation by the same catalyst. Selectivity of the hydrogenation is a function of hydrogen content in the membrane catalyst. It is shown that hydrogen atoms extracted from the sub-surface layer of the membrane catalyst participate in the hydrogenation process.
Recombinant Protein Hydrazides: Application to Site-Specific Protein PEGylation (2011)

Here, we describe a novel method for the site-specific C-terminal PEGylation of recombinant proteins. This general approach exploits chemical cleavage of precursor intein-fusion proteins with hydrazine to directly produce recombinant protein hydrazides. This unique functionality within the protein sequence then facilitates site-specific C-terminal modification by hydrazone-forming ligation reactions. This approach was used to generate folded, site-specifically C-terminal PEGylated IFNalpha2b and IFNbeta1b, which retained excellent antiviral activity, demonstrating the utility of this technology in the PEGylation of therapeutic proteins. As this methodology is straightforward to perform, is compatible with disulfide bonds, and is exclusively selective for the protein C-terminus, it shows great potential as general technology for the site-specific engineering and labeling of recombinant proteins.
Analysis of dispersion mechanism in gel chromatography. V. Operational conditions for desalting by gel chromatography. (1979)

The factors affecting desalting by gel chromatography were investigated both experimen-tally and theoretically. In most cases, the desalting of bovine serum albumin dissolved in an ammonium sulfate solution on a Sephadex G-25 Coarse column was chosen as a model experiment, and the effects of sample volume and concentration on the desalting were examined. The elution curves observed were in fairly good agreement with those calculated on the basis of a mass balance model, when the concentration of ammonium sulfate was lower than 0.4M. Otherwise, the concentrations of solutes in the eluate were considerably diluted in com-parison with the calculated results. Finally, useful charts were illustrated, from which ap-propriate operational conditions for desalting could be predicted.
Control of Top of Line Corrosion by Chemical Treatment (2001)

Abstract Top of line corrosion (TLC) takes place in wet gas lines as a result of heavy water condensation due to external cooling of the pipe by river water or seawater. The presence of organic acids in the produced water, mainly acetic acid (HAc), was confirmed in field cases where severe TLC was observed. In fact, the rate of internal localised corrosion was significantly influenced by the presence of HAc as the corrosion product is very soluble in water and the pH is generally low. In order to control TLC in such cases two types of treatments were envisaged: continuous injection of neutralising chemicals and regular batch treatments using diluted corrosion inhibitor between two pigs. Special pigs could be used to film the top of the line either using concentrated inhibitor or inhibited water available at the bottom of the line. This paper summarises the results of various studies on the selection of filming inhibitors for batch treatment, on the batch treatment operation of gas lines and on the use of a neutralising amine to control the HAc acidity.
Discharging Characteristics of Green Cell Using MgO-Coated Zn<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>4</sub>:Mn<sup>2+</sup>Phosphor in Plasma Display Panel (2004)

The charging tendency of a Zn2SiO4:Mn2+ phosphor surface was modified in order to improve the discharging characteristics of green cell in an ac-plasma display panel (ac-PDP). The zinc silicate (Zn2SiO4:Mn2+) green-emitting phosphor was coated with magnesium oxide (MgO), which has a positive charge on the surface. After fabricating a green cell with MgO-coated Zn2SiO4:Mn2+, the electrical and optical properties were examined. It was found that the dynamic voltage margin could be increased while decreasing address time. This may be ascribed to a change in the charging tendency of Zn2SiO4:Mn2+ phosphor by the MgO coating, which makes stable wall-charge accumulation possible. When Zn2SiO4:Mn2+ phosphor was coated with 1.3 wt% MgO, the address time was decreased to 1.2 µs and the address voltage lowered to 25 V without any misfiring problem, compared with those of a noncoated Zn2SiO4:Mn2+ phosphor layer. The luminescence intensity of the green cell using the MgO-coated phosphor layer was also improved by 10%.
A Relation Extraction Framework for Biomedical Text Using Hybrid Feature Set (2015)

The information extraction from unstructured text segments is a complex task. Although manual information extraction often produces the best results, it is harder to manage biomedical data extraction manually because of the exponential increase in data size. Thus, there is a need for automatic tools and techniques for information extraction in biomedical text mining. Relation extraction is a significant area under biomedical information extraction that has gained much importance in the last two decades. A lot of work has been done on biomedical relation extraction focusing on rule-based and machine learning techniques. In the last decade, the focus has changed to hybrid approaches showing better results. This research presents a hybrid feature set for classification of relations between biomedical entities. The main contribution of this research is done in the semantic feature set where verb phrases are ranked using Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) and a ranking algorithm. Support Vector Machine and Naïve Bayes, the two effective machine learning techniques, are used to classify these relations. Our approach has been validated on the standard biomedical text corpus obtained from MEDLINE 2001. Conclusively, it can be articulated that our framework outperforms all state-of-the-art approaches used for relation extraction on the same corpus.