gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Separation and Purification of Nanoparticles in a Single Step (2009)

Reversed-micelle synthesis has been used to generate CTAB-stabilized gold (Au-NPs) and silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs). By inducing a phase transition and subsequent separation of the background supporting microemulsion, it has been possible to extract and purify the NPs from the reaction medium. After addition of excess water, the NPs concentrate into an upper octane-rich phase, with impurities and reaction debris (in particular CTAB) partitioning into the water-rich lower phase. UV and (1)H NMR showed that 82% of the original mass of Au-NPs can be purified from the excess CTAB and other salt impurities. The concentrated and purified NPs can be dried down, by solvent removal, and then redispersed in octane. Using the complementary techniques small-angle neutron and X-ray scattering (SANS and SAXS), the structures of microemulsions both with and without nanoparticles prior to separation, and in both upper and lower phases after separation, have been elucidated. The approach has also been applied to the synthesis and recovery of silver nanoparticles, but on a larger scale. This new approach compares favorably with existing methods as it uses no additional organic solvents, has a low-energy demand, and requires no specialist surfactants. The new advance here is that by using a colloidal system to prepare and support the nanoparticles as a structured solvent, a simple soft purification method becomes accessible, which is otherwise impossible with a normal molecular solvent.
An automated FORTRAN documenter (1982)

We have written a set of programs designed to help R and D programmers document their FORTRAN programs more effectively. The central program reads FORTRAN source code and asks the programmer questions about things it has not heard of before. It inserts the answers to these questions as comments into the FORTRAN code. The comments, as well as extensive cross-reference information, are also written to an unformatted file. Other programs read this file to produce printed information or to act as an interactive document.
[Effect of dihydroartemisinin on the expression of BCR/ABL fusion gene in leukemia K562 cells]. (2012)

DHA can inhibit the proliferation of leukemia K562 cells and facilitate the induction of apoptosis by downregulating the expression of BCR/ABL fusion gene.
Raman-assisted long-distance optical time domain reflectometry (1989)

The measurement range of long-haul optical time domain reflectometry (OTDR) may be extended substantially by introducing distributed Raman gain in the fibre under test. With semiconductor pump lasers an increase in the fault location range of at least 10dB one-way is achievable, without requiring the OTDR to have an increased processing dynamic range.
Instability of an Arginine-Overproducing Mutant of Serratia narcescens and Its Stabilization (1986)

Arginine productivity of an arginine-producing mutant of Serratia marcescens decreased during successive batch culturing. The mutant grew more slowly than the parent strains in a minimal medium, and spontaneously produced derivatives that grew more rapidly than the mutant. A large majority of the derivatives required N-acetylglutamate or arginine for growth, due to lack of N-acetylglutamate synthase, the argA gene product. The argA1 allele carried by the mutant was found to be relatively unstable. While the mutation rate in a stable argA mutant allele was less than 1 X 10(-8) per cell per generation, that in the argA1 allele was 9 X 10(-7). The instability of the arginine productivity, therefore, was owing to both a disadvantage of the mutant in growth and a high mutability in the argA1 allele. In addition to the auxotrophs, the unstable arginine-producing mutant spontaneously produced at low frequency stable arginine-producing derivatives; among them, AT428 formed N-acetylglutamate synthase with a reduced affinity for glutamic acid. The derivative showed restored capability for propagation, and stably produced a large amount of arginine in the presence of glutamic acid or fumaric acid. By transductional analysis, the derivative was found to have acquired in the argA allele an additional mutation leading to the reduced affinity independently of the original one leading to the feedback-resistant enzyme.
La fuerza de la Ley (2001)

Forcé de loi Le “Fondement mystique de l'autorité" el título original de la obra de Jacques Derrida traducida como Fuerza de Ley - El fundamento místico de la autoridad- inspira este ensayo. No encuentro otro título mejor para empezar a discurrir sobre este tema; y por ello lo tomo prestado.
Design and Implementation of Fully Integrated Digitally Controlled Current-Mode Buck Converter (2011)

Digital current-mode control is a dual-loop control which potentially results in a better transient response and thus is more favorable than voltage-mode control. There are only a few publications on how to design and implement a fully integrated digital controller as the on-chip implementation is very challenging, especially for current-mode control. This paper addresses those design challenges and considerations. One of the main challenges is to efficiently sample and quantize both the output voltage and inductor current of the buck converter for control purposes. A time-multiplex scheme is used for the control-loop which enables the converter to work with a single ADC. A modified delay-lock-loop DPWM has been developed for minimizing the mismatch of the delay-cells. This enhances the accuracy at high frequency to prevent limit-cycle. A new algorithm has also been proposed for implementing look-up-table digital compensators with 20% less chip area. A converter with the fully integrated digitally controlled loop, including the single ADC, digital compensators and DPWM, has been fabricated in a CMOS 0.35 μ m process with a chip area of 1049 μm × 1533 μm. Measurement results show that the buck converter has a load transient response of 20 μs, which is one of the fastest compared to other state-of-the-art digitally controlled buck converter.
Power Analysis Attacks and Countermeasures (2007)

This article focuses on power analysis attacks because they have received by far the most attention in recent years. They are powerful and can be executed relatively easily. This article provides an introduction to these attacks and discusses countermeasures against them. In particular, we focus on countermeasures that can be implemented at the cell level. This article presents an overview of power analysis attacks, which are based on the measurement of the power consumed by cryptographic ICs, and countermeasures against them.
Calculating solar photovoltaic potential on residential rooftops in Kailua Kona, Hawaii (2014)

As carbon based fossil fuels become increasingly scarce, renewable energy sources are coming to the forefront of policy discussions around the globe. As a result, the State of Hawaii has implemented aggressive goals to achieve energy independence by 2030. Renewable electricity generation using solar photovoltaic technologies plays an important role in these efforts. This study utilizes geographic information systems (GIS) and Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data with statistical analysis to identify how much solar photovoltaic potential exists for residential rooftops in the town of Kailua Kona on Hawaii Island. This study helps to quantify the magnitude of possible solar photovoltaic (PV) potential for Solar World SW260 monocrystalline panels on residential rooftops within the study area. ? Three main areas were addressed in the execution of this research: (1) modeling solar radiation, (2) estimating available rooftop area, and (3) calculating PV potential from incoming solar radiation. High resolution LiDAR data and Esri?s solar modeling tools and were utilized to calculate incoming solar radiation on a sample set of digitized rooftops. Photovoltaic potential for the sample set was then calculated with the equations developed by Suri et al. (2005). Sample set rooftops were analyzed using a statistical model to identify the correlation between rooftop area and lot size. Least squares multiple linear regression analysis was performed to identify the influence of slope, elevation, rooftop area, and lot size on the modeled PV potential values. The equations built from these statistical analyses of the sample set were applied to the entire study region to calculate total rooftop area and PV potential. ? The total study area statistical analysis findings estimate photovoltaic electric energy generation potential for rooftops is approximately 190,000,000 kWh annually. This is approximately 17 percent of the total electricity the utility provided to the entire island in 2012. Based on these findings, full rooftop PV installations on the 4,460 study area homes could provide enough energy to power over 31,000 homes annually. ? The methods developed here suggest a means to calculate rooftop area and PV potential in a region with limited available data. The use of LiDAR point data offers a major opportunity for future research in both automating rooftop inventories and calculating incoming solar radiation and PV potential for homeowners.
TouchMark: flexible document navigation and bookmarking techniques for e-book readers (2010)

We present TouchMark, a set of page navigation techniques that preserve some of the physical affordances of paper books. TouchMark introduces physical tabs, one on each side of the display, to enable gestures such as page thumbing and bookmarking. TouchMark can be implemented on a variety of electronic devices, including tablet computers and laptops, by augmenting standard hardware with inexpensive sensors.
Zeolite Advances in the Chemical and Fuel Industries: A Technical Perspective (1982)

Abstract Since zeolites were first used in petroleum processing in the 1960s [1–61], zeolite catalysis has undergone rapid and dynamic advances. The number of zeolite-related United States patents published through 1981 exceeds 5,000, and the zeolite scientific and technical literature contains over 25,000 articles [7]. Forty zeolite minerals have been identified to date, and approximately 150 synthetic materials have been reported [8].
Statistical properties of share volume traded in financial markets (2000)

We quantitatively investigate the ideas behind the often-expressed adage "it takes volume to move stock prices," and study the statistical properties of the number of shares traded Q(Deltat) for a given stock in a fixed time interval Deltat. We analyze transaction data for the largest 1000 stocks for the two-year period 1994-95, using a database that records every transaction for all securities in three major US stock markets. We find that the distribution P(Q(Deltat)) displays a power-law decay, and that the time correlations in Q(Deltat) display long-range persistence. Further, we investigate the relation between Q(Deltat) and the number of transactions N(Deltat) in a time interval Deltat, and find that the long-range correlations in Q(Deltat) are largely due to those of N(Deltat). Our results are consistent with the interpretation that the large equal-time correlation previously found between Q(Deltat) and the absolute value of price change |G(Deltat)| (related to volatility) are largely due to N(Deltat).
Multiple antenna MMSE based downlink precoding with quantized feedback or channel mismatch (2008)

In this paper, we consider the downlink of a multiuser wireless communication system with multiple antennas at the base station and users each with a single receive antenna. It is known that when channel state information (CSI) is available at the transmitter a large performance gain can be achieved. In a system employing time-division duplexing (TDD), CSI can be obtained at the base station if there is reciprocity between the forward and reverse channels. CSI can also be conveyed from the users to the base station via a limited-rate feedback channel in a frequency-division duplexing (FDD) system. In any case, channel estimation errors are inevitable due to the presence of background noise in the estimated signal and due to the finite number of feedback bits used in a limited-rate feedback system model. In this paper, we first consider the general case when partial CSI is available at the transmitter. We derive an MMSE based precoding technique that considers channel estimation errors as an integral part of the system design. Using rate-distortion theory and the generalized Lloyd vector quantization algorithm, we then specialize our results for the more practical limited-rate feedback system model. Compared to previously proposed precoding techniques such as channel inversion and regularized channel inversion, it is shown that the proposed precoding technique significantly improves the average bit error rate (BER) in the system. Furthermore, the performance of the proposed technique is investigated in the high signal-tonoise ratio (SNR) regime. It is shown that the proposed technique suffers from a ceiling effect that asymptotically limits the system performance.
A Model for ovonic threshold switch of amorphous GST based on hopping transport process (2010)

This paper presents an OTS model for PCM application based on the hopping transport process, which is widely used in the organic semiconductor device simulation. In this work an equivalent hopping probability model is presented according to the Abrahams-Miller formula, meanwhile an equivalent capacitor model is presented to depict the charge distribution in the amorphous GST. By coupling the hopping probability model and the capacitor model, the OTS I-V characteristic for OTS effect with different geometry and trap density are achieved, and the results agree with those from the reported measurements data.
Off-state breakdown and dispersion optimization in AlGaN/GaN heterojunction field-effect transistors utilizing carbon doped buffer (2012)

An example of GaN buffer structure optimization in AlGaN/GaN heterojunction field-effect transistors is demonstrated. Transistors fabricated on four epitaxial structures with buffer consisting of unintentionally doped GaN channel (35 nm or 100 nm) and carbon doped GaN:C layers (∼1 × 1018 cm−3 or ∼1 × 1017 cm−3) are compared. As the criteria for optimization off-state breakdown voltage (Vbr) and drain current dispersion are used. The observed trade-off between the two parameters and dependency of Vbr on the carbon concentration and on the channel thickness are explained by a potential barrier formed due to GaN:C part of the buffer.
A method improving efficiency of remote operation for a virtual campus tour service using robots (2013)

Recently, there are increasing interests of integration between robot services and the Internet, and many remote control services using robots have been proposed. In order to control robots remotely, we generally use images and videos captured by robot cameras and fixed cameras, but image quality is fluctuating with a change of network condition. The fluctuation has an effect on operational accuracy of remote control robots. In this paper, we propose the method controlling quality of camera images according as network condition for a virtual campus tour service using robots.
Minimizing Human Tracking Error for Robotic Rehabilitation Device (2015)

This paper explores the design of a novel robotic device for gait training and rehabilitation, a method to estimate a human's orientation within the rehabilitation device, as well as an optimal state space controller to actuate the rehabilitation device. The robotic parallel bars (RPBs) were designed to address the shortcomings of currently available assistive devices. The RPB device moves in response to a human occupant to maintain a constant distance and orientation to the human. To minimize the error in tracking the human, a complementary filter was optimized to estimate the human's orientation within the device using a magnetometer and gyroscope. Experimental measurements of complementary filter performance on a test platform show that the filter estimates orientation with an average error of 0.62 deg over a range of angular velocities from 22.5 deg/s to 180 deg/s. The RPB device response was simulated, and an optimal state space controller was implemented using a linear quadratic regulator (LQR). The controller has an average position error of 14.1 cm and an average orientation error of 14.3 deg when tracking a human, while the simulation predicted an average error of 10.5 cm and 5.6 deg. The achieved level of accuracy in following a human user is sufficiently sensitive for the RPB device to conduct more advanced, realistic gait training and rehabilitation techniques for mobility impaired patients able to safely support their body weight with their legs and arms.
Structured Learning of Human Interactions in TV Shows (2012)

The objective of this work is recognition and spatiotemporal localization of two-person interactions in video. Our approach is person-centric. As a first stage we track all upper bodies and heads in a video using a tracking-by-detection approach that combines detections with KLT tracking and clique partitioning, together with occlusion detection, to yield robust person tracks. We develop local descriptors of activity based on the head orientation (estimated using a set of pose-specific classifiers) and the local spatiotemporal region around them, together with global descriptors that encode the relative positions of people as a function of interaction type. Learning and inference on the model uses a structured output SVM which combines the local and global descriptors in a principled manner. Inference using the model yields information about which pairs of people are interacting, their interaction class, and their head orientation (which is also treated as a variable, enabling mistakes in the classifier to be corrected using global context). We show that inference can be carried out with polynomial complexity in the number of people, and describe an efficient algorithm for this. The method is evaluated on a new dataset comprising 300 video clips acquired from 23 different TV shows and on the benchmark UT--Interaction dataset.
Railway signaling systems and new trends in wireless data communication (2006)

With the increment of passenger railway traffic especially in high speed lines, improvements in railway transportation safety become even more crucial. This paper presents technological and commercial trends in this area, enumerates innovative on-going related projects and proposes the application of new wireless communication standards such as, DSRC - WAVE (Dedicated Short Range Communications and Wireless Access in Vehicular Environment) or 802.11p; 802.16 or WiMAX; and MBWA (Mobile Broadband Wireless Access) or 802.20, in train control communications networks. In order to validate this proposal, we have designed a model for a wireless communication system deployed in a fully redundant configuration. The application of these new open-standard technologies will allow an affordable deployment, ubiquitous, always-on and interoperable muti-vendor mobile broadband train control communication system that supports new safety services and applications. Railway, signaling, wireless, 802.11b/g, MBWA
Readmission of older heart failure patients. (1996)

The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the literature on factors associated with hospital readmission of older heart failure patients. Important factors reported to be related to rehospitalization are sociodemographic and medical factors, premature discharge, failing support system, medication-related problems and noncompliance. To prevent readmission, interventions in the area of discharge planning, patient education and follow-up are recommended.
Decomposition of Terpenes by Ozone during Sampling on Tenax (1996)

The ozonolytic decomposition of terpenes and terpenoids during sampling on Tenax is investigated in an artificial air system at ambient concentration levels. The detrimental effect of 8-150 ppbv ozone depends on the chemical structure of the compounds: saturated terpenoids such as 1,8-cineole, camphor, and bornyl acetate are unaffected by ozone. The terpenes and terpenoids which containing one C-C double bond are slightly decomposed in the order camphene < β-pinene ≈ myrtenal < α-pinene < sabinene ≈ citronellal. The compounds containing two or more double bonds are significantly decomposed in the order d-limonene ≈ citral < linalool < β-ocimene < terpinolene << α-terpinene ≈ β-caryophyllene. For α-pinene, sabinene and d-limonene, their ozonolysis products are found on the tubes: pinonaldehyde, 5-(1-methylethyl)bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one, and 3-(1-methylethenyl)-6-oxoheptanal. The analytical recoveries are significantly enhanced for many compounds when the sampling duration is reduced from 10 min to 30 s, explained by the time available for ozonolysis. A miniature ozone scrubber with multiple layers of MnO(2)-coated copper nets was developed and thoroughly tested. The optimal number of plies is found to be 8, which ensures quantitative recoveries for all test compounds except α-terpinene, β-caryophyllene, citral, and citronellal. The results that are reported here call into question previous data on terpenes and terpenoids and/or their oxidation products where measurements have been carried out without the prior removal of ozone.
Low-Jitter Active Deskewing Through Injection-Locked Resonant Clocking (2007)

Active deskewing is an important technique for managing variability in clock distributions but introduces latency and power-supply-noise sensitivity to the resulting networks. In this paper, we demonstrate how active deskewing can be achieved with resonant distributions without introducing significant jitter. The prototype network operates at a nominal 2-GHz frequency in a 0.18μm CMOS technology with more than 25pF/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> of clock loading.
InGaP orange light-emitting diodes on Si substrates (1989)

InGaP light-emitting diodes (LEDs) that operate in the 600 nm region were fabricated on Si substrates using GaAsP/GaAs buffer layers. InGaP layers were grown by metalorganic-chloride vapor phase epitaxy, and GaAs and GaAsP buffer layers were grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy at atmospheric pressure. An orange color emission was observed under room light at 20 mA dc injection. No degradation was observed in LED characteristics after 2000 h operation at an injection current of 500 A/cm2 despite the high dislocation density of 108 cm−2.