gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A flexible modeling approach for robust multi-lane road estimation (2017)

A robust estimation of road course and traffic lanes is an essential part of environment perception for next generations of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems and development of self-driving vehicles. In this paper, a flexible method for modeling multiple lanes in a vehicle in real time is presented. Information about traffic lanes, derived by cameras and other environmental sensors, that is represented as features, serves as input for an iterative expectation-maximization method to estimate a lane model. The generic and modular concept of the approach allows to freely choose the mathematical functions for the geometrical description of lanes. In addition to the current measurement data, the previously estimated result as well as additional constraints to reflect parallelism and continuity of traffic lanes, are considered in the optimization process. As evaluation of the lane estimation method, its performance is showcased using cubic splines for the geometric representation of lanes in simulated scenarios and measurements recorded using a development vehicle. In a comparison to ground truth data, robustness and precision of the lanes estimated up to a distance of 120 m are demonstrated. As a part of the environmental modeling, the presented method can be utilized for longitudinal and lateral control of autonomous vehicles.
Codebook Design and Power Allocation for Distributed Space Time Codes (2009)

Recently, distributed antenna system (DAS) has received considerable attentions due to its promising potential in various metrics compared with traditional co-located MIMO (C-MIMO) systems. Aiming to further improve the performance of the DAS, linear precoding along with distributed space time codes is proposed to exploit the diversity and coding gains simultaneously. The focus of this paper is on analyzing and designing a simple but powerful codebook suitable for the DAS to quantize the precoding information. Furthermore, a suboptimal power allocation strategy that requires no additional information at the base station (BS), is derived by minimizing the upper bound on the average pairwise error probability (PEP) of the preceded space time codewords. Numerical results show that obvious gains can be obtained over conventional transmission schemes, such as antenna selection.
On Network Coding for Funnel Networks (2015)

Network coding for non-multicast problems has been the subject of many recent studies. In this letter, we consider networks in which the total capacity of the incoming links to each intermediate node is not less than the total capacity of its outgoing links. We call these networks funnel networks and prove that any feasible non-multicast problem on funnel networks is solvable by routing (hence, by linear network coding, too). The desirability of network coding in funnel networks may be justified by the other benefits that coding offers. However, we see that in funnel networks, the conventional random approach to linear coding fails with high probability. Hence, we provide a new random linear network coding solution for these non-multicast problems.
A Novel Two-Dimensional Non-Interpenetrating Coordination Polymer [Ag<sub>2.5</sub>L(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2.5</sub>]∞ with three different coordination modes of Ag<sup>I</sup> (L = diquinoxalino[2,3-a:2′,3′-c]phenazine) (2002)

A novel 2-D Ag I neutral infinite framework of a large delocalised system diquinoxalino[2,3-a:2′,3′-c]phenazine (L), [Ag 2.5 L(NO 3 ) 2.5 ]∞ (1), has been synthesised and structurally determined, in which three kinds of different coordination modes are found for the Ag I centers.
The synthesis of a sterically hindered samarium(ii) bis(amidinate) and conversion to its homoleptic trivalent congener (2005)

The first divalent samarium bis(amidinate) has been prepared and aspects of its novel chemistry, including the preparation of a sterically hindered homoleptic Sm(III) tris(amidinate), explored.
A novel lipophilic spin probe for the measurement of radiation damage in mouse brain using in vivo electron spin resonance (ESR) (1997)

As a possible lipophilic spin probe of in vivo electron spin resonance (ESR), 3-methoxy carbonyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-pyrrolidine-1-yloxy (MCPROXYL) was examined. The permeability of the blood-brain barrier to this compound was evaluated with a brain uptake index and autoradiography, with result that this probe is well distributed in the brain. The in vivo ESR spectra were measured in the head and the abdomen of MCPROXYL-injected living mice. The rate of signal decay of MCPROXYL in the head measured at one hour after X-irradiation was about 75% of that of the controls. The decrease in the head seems to be related to the early response of the brain to X-irradiation. This is the first report that the behavior of free radical such as MCPROXYL in the brain is influenced by X-irradiation. MCPROXYL is thus useful as a novel spin probe for in vivo ESR to monitor the radiation damage in the brain.
Security issues with the IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) (2007)

The IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) is the basis for a significant new architecture for mobile applications incorporating voice, video and data services. The IMS is an overlay network on top of IP that uses SIP as the primary signaling mechanism. The IMS presents several new security challenges for both network providers and network users. This paper provides an overview of the IMS architecture and the security challenges that it raises. It is intended as the basis for developing a new set of research objectives around IMS security.
High quality ion implanted boron emitters in an interdigitated back contact solar cell with 20% efficiency (2011)

Ion implantation has the potential to simplify the manufacture of interdigiated back contact (IBC) silicon solar cells. In this work we present IBC solar cells where all doped areas have been produced by ion implantation. For the activation of the implanted dopants and the removal of the damage induced by the implantation a single annealing step, was used. A passivating thermal oxide was grown in the same thermal step. To investigate the proper annealing conditions lifetime samples have been investigated by the QSSPC technique, resulting in saturation current densities as low as 20 fA/cm2 for both the boron doped emitter and the phosphorus doped front surface field. IBC solar cells with conversion efficiencies up to 20% were built, demonstrating that ion implantation is consistent with IBC production and that the process simplification of ion implantation may be realized. This result is the highest efficiency ion implanted solar cell that has ever been reported.
Novel Strategies for Fluorine‐18 Radiochemistry (2011)

Radiotracers: The growing demand for novel radiopharmaceuticals can only be met through the development of new approaches to isotopic labeling. Effective strategies and reagents for nucleophilic and electrophilic 18F-radiolabeling are highlighted (see picture).
Continuous Glucose Monitoring: Long-Term Implantable Sensor Approach (1999)

Problems with existing glucose monitoring technology have resulted in poor compliance with recommended monitoring guidelines by patients with diabetes. To achieve the goal of tight glucose control by patients with diabetes, a long-term implantable glucose sensor should meet the following functional requirements: it should be a one-time minimally invasive implantable with a wireless external unit; provide on-demand real-time glucose levels and trends; operate for up to 12 months after implantation with infrequent recalibration; contain built-in hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic alarms; and have an ergonomically designed, external, wearable user interface. Measurements of glucose in interstitial fluid (ISF) can be used for long-term monitoring. A novel approach to continuous and long-term glucose sensing could be based on measuring the changes in fluorescence of glucose-sensitive indicator molecules. To measure these changes in fluorescence a miniature optoelectronic device with a glucose sensitive indicator could be implanted subcutaneously for long-term remote operation. The fluorescence-based glucose sensing process is reversible and does not consume glucose. The combination of fluorescence-based glucose detection, sensor miniaturization and the use of biomaterials, inducing neovascularization at the implant site, opens the opportunity for achieving the requirements for long-term, continuous and convenient glucose monitoring.
Ontology support for web service processes (2003)

Web Services are software services that can be advertised by providers and deployed by customers using Web technologies. This concept is currently carried further to address Web service choreography. Choreography refers to the composition of individual services to services processes that can communicate and interact with another.We propose a formal ontology framework for these Web service processes that supports the description, matching, and composition through logic reasoning techniques. The Semantic Web, based on a description logic-based knowledge representation and reasoning framework, provides the foundations. Integrating aspects from modal logics and process calculi into this framework will prove essential.
256-Channel Neural Recording and Delta Compression Microsystem With 3D Electrodes (2009)

A 3D microsystem for multi-site penetrating extracellular neural recording from the brain is presented. A 16 times 16-channel neural recording interface integrated prototype fabricated in 0.35 mum CMOS occupies 3.5 mm times 4.5 mm area. Each recording channel dissipates 15 muW of power with input-referred noise of 7 muV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rms</sub> over 5 kHz bandwidth. A switched-capacitor delta read-out data compression circuit trades recording accuracy for the output data rate. An array of 1.5 mm platinum-coated microelectrodes is bonded directly onto the die. Results of in vitro experimental recordings from intact mouse hippocampus validate the circuit design and the on-chip electrode bonding technology.
Antialiasing inputs for charge-coupled devices (1977)

An input scheme for analog charge-coupled signal-processing devices has been developed that acts as a prefilter to suppress the aliasing frequencies produced by the sampled-data nature of the CCD. Each charge packet injected into the CCD is a sum of several weighted subsamples taken at a multiple of the CCD clock rate. Various approaches that differ in their rates of oversampling and in their time periods over which subsamples are combined have been compared with respect to their usefulness to produce a sharp cutoff prefilter. A particular implementation using only a factor of 2 oversampling but an averaging period that extends over two CCD clock periods results in a good prefilter characteristic and has been applied to a charge-coupled split-electrode transversal filter. Different implementations of the basic scheme and layout considerations are discussed.
Total luminescence contour spectra of six topped crude oils (1976)

The results of a preliminary study of six topped crude oils by total luminescence are presented. Included are six contour spectra, six principal excitation/emission spectra, an interpretation of the contours by comparison with other data, a discussion of the method and recommendations for further related studies. These data are used in oil spill identification.
Performance of a multiplexed dual analyte immunoassay for the early detection of non-small cell lung cancer (2015)

These studies confirm the value of using a mixed panel of tumor antigens and autoantibodies in the early detection of NSCLC in high-risk individuals. The results demonstrate that the performance of PAULA's test makes it suitable for use as an aid to determine which high-risk patients need to be directed to appropriate noninvasive diagnostic follow-up testing, especially low-dose CT (LDCT).
Fully automated assay of glycohemoglobin with the Abbott IMx analyzer: novel approaches for separation and detection (1993)

We describe a novel assay for measuring glycohemoglobin directly from anticoagulated whole blood with the Abbott IMx analyzer. The glycohemoglobin is labeled with a soluble polyanionic affinity reagent and the anionic complex is then captured with a cationic solid-phase matrix. Glycohemoglobin is quantified by measuring the quenching by heme of the static fluorescence from an added fluorophore. The assay is standardized to report both percent total glycohemoglobin (%GHb) and percent hemoglobin A1c (%HbA1c). Glucose, bilirubin, triglycerides, labile fraction, and hemoglobin variants do not interfere in the assay. Within- and between-run CVs are approximately 4-5%, with total CVs of approximately 6.5%. Highly significant linear correlations (r > 0.97) were obtained in comparison studies with two major assay methodologies. The time to obtain one result is approximately 10 min (including assay of a control), 56 min for 22 results. We describe the development, standardization, and validation of this new method.
Studies on Relevance, Ranking and Results Display (2010)

This study considers the extent to which users with the same query agree as to what is relevant, and how what is considered relevant may translate into a retrieval algorithm and results display. To combine user perceptions of relevance with algorithm rank and to present results, we created a prototype digital library of scholarly literature. We confine studies to one population of scientists (paleontologists), one domain of scholarly scientific articles (paleo-related), and a prototype system (PaleoLit) that we built for the purpose. Based on the principle that users do not pre-suppose answers to a given query but that they will recognize what they want when they see it, our system uses a rules-based algorithm to cluster results into fuzzy categories with three relevance levels. Our system matches at least 1/3 of our participants' relevancy ratings 87% of the time. Our subsequent usability study found that participants trusted our uncertainty labels but did not value our color-coded horizontal results layout above a standard retrieval list. We posit that users make such judgments in limited time, and that time optimization per task might help explain some of our findings.
Carbon-Aware Load Balancing for Geo-distributed Cloud Services (2013)

Recently, data center carbon emission has become an emerging concern for the cloud service providers. Previous works are limited on cutting down the power consumption of the data centers to defuse such a concern. In this paper, we show how the spatial and temporal variabilities of the electricity carbon footprint can be fully exploited to further green the cloud running on top of geographically distributed data centers. We jointly consider the electricity cost, service level agreement (SLA) requirement, and emission reduction budget. To navigate such a three-way tradeoff, we take advantage of Lyapunov optimization techniques to design and analyze a carbon-aware control framework, which makes online decisions on geographical load balancing, capacity right-sizing, and server speed scaling. Results from rigorous mathematical analyses and real-world trace-driven empirical evaluation demonstrate its effectiveness in both minimizing electricity cost and reducing carbon emission.
Chemistry, Impedance, and Morphology Evolution in Solid Electrolyte Interphase Films during Formation in Lithium Ion Batteries (2013)

The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) forms during the initial cycles in lithium ion batteries and evolves throughout the battery life. By protecting the electrode and passing lithium ions, the SEI plays an important role in the performance and degradation of lithium ion batteries. Identifying how the SEI forms and evolves during battery cycling helps us understand and mitigate battery degradation. In this work, we address the SEI chemical and electrochemical evolution during its formation process and provide a correlation between these properties. It is found that the SEI chemistry, not just its thickness, has a distinct influence on its impedance, which may ultimately impact the battery performance.
Retrospective study of 24 cases of septic calcaneal bursitis in the horse (2003)

This study demonstrates the importance of correct anatomical identification of structures involved in wounds in the region of the calcaneal bursa. The use of radiography, ultrasonography and synoviocentesis are essential in these cases to provide the most appropriate treatment for the horse and accurate prognosis for the owner.
A New Automatic Optical Distortion Measuring System for Automotive Windshields (1994)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;We have developed a system that can measure the distribution of optical distortion over the entire surface of an automotive windshield glass as observed from the driver's eye point with high accuracy by using “distortion angle” as a parameter. This paper introduces the system together with examples of measurement result.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;To measure the position of gratings accurately, we adopt the specially designed video cameras and the method for detecting bright line position based on pixel. To reduce the time required for measurement, the filtering process for measured data has been optimized and the data retrieval process has been contrived.&lt;/div&gt;
Development of Silver Ion Doped Antibacterial Clays and Investigation of Their Antibacterial Activity (2015)

Kaolinite, sepiolite, and clinoptilolite were used as carriers to develop antibacterial materials. The materials were enriched in sodium by ion exchange. Silver ion exchange by silver nitrate followed by phosphoric acid treatment enabled the controlled release of silver. The antibacterial function of the materials was investigated by halo test and the amount of silver released was investigated by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The enhanced antibacterial efficiency was obtained by minimizing the silver release which further provided longevity to the material and prevented the health risks posed by excess silver release.
The use of fast limiting to improve the intelligibility of speech in noise (1960)

Abstract Comparisons were made between the conventional speech clipper and an experimentally fast speech limiter to determine which system produced the more intelligible speech in the presence of noise. It was found that fast limiting produced significantly higher intelligibility than clipping at both 10 db. and 20 db. of compression. It was assumed that the measured difference in harmonic and intermodulation distortion of the two systems was the causal factor.
Effects of surface modification on charge-carrier dynamics at semiconductor interfaces (2003)

Understanding the basic concepts of semiconductor junctions is an important step towards the development of efficient solar energy conversion devices. The work described in this dissertation includes both the investigation of semiconductor/liquid junctions and the modification of semiconductor surfaces for achieving chemical control over physical properties.

The interfacial charge-carrier dynamics of n-GaAs/acetonitrile junctions has been investigated. Differential capacitance barrier height measurements and steady-state current density?potential (J?E) measurements were used to evaluate the degree of partial Fermi-level pinning. The presence of irreversible chemical and/or electrochemical changes on n-GaAs electrodes immersed in acetonitrile/coboltacene-coboltacenium solutions was examined using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and cyclic voltammetric studies that were designed to probe surface reactions. 

Chemical modifications of semiconductor surfaces can provide a reliable mean to control physical properties of semiconductor interfaces. The growth of robust polymer films that are covalently attached to Si surfaces via a Si-C linkage was demonstrated. Uniform polymer overlayers of different thicknessess were formed using a general method combining chlorination/Grignard reaction with ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). The surfaces of these modified Si were characterized by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), ellipsometry, and/or profilometry. The charge-carrier dynamics at these modified Si/air interfaces was investigated using transient photoconductivity decay method. Time-dependent photoconductivity measurements further confirmed the ability for polymer-terminated Si to maintain low surface recombination velocities once exposed to the air.
Does the ‘P300’ speller depend on eye gaze? (2010)

Many people affected by debilitating neuromuscular disorders such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, brainstem stroke or spinal cord injury are impaired in their ability to, or are even unable to, communicate. A brain-computer interface (BCI) uses brain signals, rather than muscles, to re-establish communication with the outside world. One particular BCI approach is the so-called 'P300 matrix speller' that was first described by Farwell and Donchin (1988 Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 70 510-23). It has been widely assumed that this method does not depend on the ability to focus on the desired character, because it was thought that it relies primarily on the P300-evoked potential and minimally, if at all, on other EEG features such as the visual-evoked potential (VEP). This issue is highly relevant for the clinical application of this BCI method, because eye movements may be impaired or lost in the relevant user population. This study investigated the extent to which the performance in a 'P300' speller BCI depends on eye gaze. We evaluated the performance of 17 healthy subjects using a 'P300' matrix speller under two conditions. Under one condition ('letter'), the subjects focused their eye gaze on the intended letter, while under the second condition ('center'), the subjects focused their eye gaze on a fixation cross that was located in the center of the matrix. The results show that the performance of the 'P300' matrix speller in normal subjects depends in considerable measure on gaze direction. They thereby disprove a widespread assumption in BCI research, and suggest that this BCI might function more effectively for people who retain some eye-movement control. The applicability of these findings to people with severe neuromuscular disabilities (particularly in eye-movements) remains to be determined.
Postoperative nasal debridement following functional endoscopic sinus surgery, a systematic review of the literature (2014)

Currently, there is no clear evidence for frequent postoperative debridement. Further well-designed RCTs are required to establish clear benefit, optimal frequency, extent and timing of debridement.