gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluating reading and analysis tasks on mobile devices (2009)

Flick scrolling is a natural scrolling method for mobile touch devices such as the iPhone™. It is useful not only for its performance but perhaps even more so for its ease of use and user experience. Tilt scrolling instead uses the device's tilt to determine the rate of scrolling, which offers several potential interaction advantages over touch sensitive alternatives: scrolling can be achieved without occluding a large proportion of the screen with a hand, finger, or thumb; it frees drag input events for other important actions such as text selection and drag-and-drop; and it works regardless of the hand's state (e.g. moist or gloved). Although previously described, the performance of tilt scrolling has not been compared to flick scrolling, which is now the state of the art. Furthermore, it is unclear how such an empirical comparison should be conducted. To better understand interaction with mobile scrolling, we propose a new method of evaluating scrolling interfaces in the context of reading or analysis tasks. These activities typically involve slow subtle scroll movements rather than large movements typical investigated in most scrolling evaluations. We use this method to thoroughly compare flick scrolling and tilt scrolling. We show that tilt scrolling results in better performance for tasks performed while stationary while there is no significant difference while moving. However, we find that participants prefer flick scrolling and walk faster when completing moving tasks with flick scrolling than tilt scrolling.
Efficient intra prediction scheme for light field image compression (2014)

Interactive photo-realistic graphics can be rendered by using light field datasets. One way of capturing the dataset is by using light field cameras with microlens arrays. The captured images contain repetitive patterns resulted from adjacent mi-crolenses. These images don't resemble the appearance of a natural scene. This dissimilarity leads to problems in light field image compression by using traditional image and video encoders, which are optimized for natural images and video sequences. In this paper, we introduce the full inter-prediction scheme in HEVC into intra-prediction for the compression of light field images. The proposed scheme is capable of performing both unidirectional and bi-directional prediction within an image. The evaluation results show that above 3 dB quality improvements or above 50 percent bit-rate saving can be achieved in terms of BD-PSNR for the proposed scheme compared to the original HEVC intra-prediction for light field images.
Clustering Streaming Graphs (2012)

In this paper, we propose techniques for clustering large-scale "streaming" graphs where the updates to a graph are given in form of a stream of vertex or edge additions and deletions. Our algorithm handles such updates in an online and incremental manner and it can be easily parallel zed. Several previous graph clustering algorithms fall short of handling massive and streaming graphs because they are centralized, they need to know the entire graph beforehand and are not incremental, or they incur an excessive computational overhead. Our algorithm's fundamental building block is called graph reservoir sampling. We maintain a reservoir sample of the edges as the graph changes while satisfying certain desired properties like bounding number of clusters or cluster-sizes. We then declare connected components in the sampled sub graph as clusters of the original graph. Our experiments on real graphs show that our approach not only yields clusterings with very good quality, but also obtains orders of magnitude higher throughput, when compared to offline algorithms.
Processing of Fe3Al Based Intermetallic Alloys through Electroslag Remelting. (1996)

A process comprising air induction melting (AIM) and electroslag remelting (ESR) for production of iron aluminides based on Fe3Al is reported. Extensive hydrogen gas porosity is observed in air induction melted electrodes. Electroslag remelting of AIM electrode results in ingots free from gas porosity. Possible mechanisms for elimination of gas porosity during electroslag remelting are discussed. The cast ESR ingots exhibit a marked susceptibility to cracking at high power inputs due to high thermal gradients prevailing in the ingot. This may be attributed to the relatively low thermal conductivity and high coefficient of therma1expansion of Fe3Al. At very low power levels the ESR ingots exhibited poor surface quality. Proper selection of process parameters during electroslag remelting of air induction melted electrodes results in sound ingots free from thermal cracks and exhibiting good surface quality.
Open-Domain Question–Answering (2006)

Open-Domain Question Answering is an introduction to the field of Question Answering (QA). It covers the basic principles of QA along with a selection of systems that have exhibited interesting and significant techniques, so it serves more as a tutorial than as an exhaustive survey of the field. Starting with a brief history of the field, it goes on to describe the architecture of a QA system before analysing in detail some of the specific approaches that have been successfully deployed by academia and industry designing and building such systems. Open-Domain Question Answering is both a guide for beginners who are embarking on research in this area, and a useful reference for established researchers and practitioners in this field.
. New Worlds (2012)

Abstract In which the European discovery of the Americas impacts the study of natural history by revealing a vast array of species and landscapes unknown to the ancients. Back in Europe, herbals, such as those of John Gerarde and John Maplet, mixed fact and legend in delightful proportions. As the Americas began to be explored and settled, naturalists such as Hernandez, Josselyn, and Morton sent home accounts and specimens that again ranged from the factual to the fanciful, and that required new systems of cataloging that went beyond those of Aristotle and Pliny.
Detection of Semen (Human and Boar) and Saliva on Fabrics by a Very High Powered UV-/VIS-Light Source (2008)

A possible method to detect body fluids in forensic cases of sexual assault or abuse is by using forensic light sources, which emit certain wavelengths and excite body fluids to fluoresce. However, the success of the visualization of the fluorescence signal can be significantly reduced when unfavorable conditions -especially daylight -are present or used.
Physical modification of polyacrylonitrile precursor fiber: Its effect on mechanical properties (1994)

Abstract Polyacrylonitrile precursor fiber of a special grade for making carbon fibers was modified by stretching in the prestabilization stage to various extents. The effect of such stretching on tensile properties of the original precursor fiber, intermediate (oxidized) fiber, and resultant carbon fiber prepared through a continuous process was monitored. Improvements in tensile modulus of fibers at various stages were observed with increasing stretch ratios. However, no obvious enhancement of tensile strength of final carbon fibers was found. © 1994 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Advanced characterization techniques of nonuniform indium distribution within InGaN/GaN heterostructures grown by MOCVD (2005)

Abstract Nonuniform indium distribution within InGaN/GaN single quantum well (SQW) structures with nanoscale islands grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) have been characterized by advanced characterization techniques. Robinson backscattered electron (BSE) measurements show cluster‐like BSE contrast of high brightness regions, which are not centered at small dark pits in a SQW structure of spiral growth mode. By comparing with the secondary electron (SE) images, the bright cluster areas from the BSE images were found to have higher indium content compared to the surrounding dark areas. Temperature dependant photoluminescence (PL) measurement shows typical “S‐shape” curve, which shows good correlation with nonuniform indium distribution from BSE measurement. Optical evaluation of the samples show increased PL slope efficiency of the spiral mode SQW, which can be attributed to the presence of Indium inhomogeneities. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Generating Aspect Code from UML Models (2003)

This position paper presents a concept for aspect-oriented design and a seamless integration of AO design and implementation. We suggest a design notation based on standard UML which separates clearly the reusable programming language independent design of aspect code and base (business logic) code from the language dependant cross-cutting parts. Thus fostering reuse of aspect code and simplifying the replacement of the aspect-oriented implementation language. Additionally we ease the transition from design to implementation by defining the mapping from design model to implementation language and support automatic generation of aspect-oriented code skeletons from the design model.
Topical Effect of Intravesical Oxybutynin (1993)

Intravesical oxybutynin was instilled into rat bladders in graded doses by repeated catheterization to study the local bladder effects of drug concentration and incidental urinary infection. On the thirteenth day, after 5 doses, bladders were recovered for measurement and histological study. In the highest dose group, systemic absorption from the bladder caused weight loss and cachexia. However, in no group was there any clear evidence of drug-related mucosal or bladder wall change. Instead, the two high dose groups seemed somehow protected from the combined adverse effects of catheterization and infection.
Metabolomic profiling of reactive persulfides and polysulfides in the aqueous and vitreous humors (2017)

We investigate the metabolomic profile of reactive persulfides and polysulfides in the aqueous and vitreous humors. Eighteen eyes of 18 consecutive patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and diabetic retinopathy underwent microincision vitrectomy combined with cataract surgery. Samples of the aqueous and vitreous humors were collected and underwent mass spectrometry-based metabolomic profiling of reactive persulfides and polysulfides (polysulfidomics). The effect of reactive polysulfide species on the viability of immortalized retinal cells (the RGC-5 cell line) under oxidative stress (induced with H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) was also evaluated with an Alamar Blue assay. The experiments showed that cysteine persulfides (CysSSH), oxidized glutathione trisulfide (GSSSG) and cystine were elevated in the aqueous humor, and CysSSH, Cys, and cystine were elevated in the vitreous. Furthermore, GSSSG, cystine, and CysSSH levels were correlated in the aqueous and vitreous humors. A comparison, in DM and control subjects, of plasma levels of reactive persulfides and polysulfides showed that they did not differ. In vitro findings revealed that reactive polysulfide species increased cell viability under oxidative stress. Thus, various reactive persulfides and polysulfides appear to be present in the eye, and some reactive sulfide species, which have a protective effect against oxidative stress, are upregulated in the aqueous and vitreous humors of DM eyes.
High-performance InAlAs/InGaAs HEMTs and MESFETs (1988)

The fabrication and microwave performance of heterostructure InAlAs/InGaAs HEMTs (high-electron-mobility transistors) and MESFETs are described. Maximum stable gains of 14.3 dB for a HEMT and 12 dB for a MESFET at 26.5 GHz have been achieved. These are believed to be record gains for FETs having gates as long as 0.7 mu m.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Dojo: Using the Dojo JavaScript Library to Build Ajax Applications (2008)

Dojo offers Web developers and designers a powerful JavaScript toolkit for rapidly developing robust Ajax applications. Now, for the first time, theres a complete, example-rich developers guide to Dojo and its growing library of prepackaged widgets. Reviewed and endorsed by the Dojo Foundation, the creators of Dojo, this book brings together all the hands-on guidance and tested code samples you need to succeed. Expert Web developer James E. Harmon begins by demonstrating how to Ajax-ify existing applications and pages with Dojo, adding Ajax features such as client- and server-side validation as quickly and nondisruptively as possible. Next, he presents in-depth coverage of Dojos user interface, form, layout, and specialized Widgets, showing how they work and how to use them most effectively. Among the Widgets, he covers in detail: Date Pickers, Rich Text Editors, Combo Boxes, Expandable Outlines, and many others. In conclusion, Harmon introduces the Dojo toolkits powerful capabilities for simplifying Ajax development. He thoroughly explains Dojos helper functions, shortcuts, and special methods, illuminating each feature with examples of the JavaScript problems it can solve. This sections far-ranging coverage includes strings, JSON support, event handling, Ajax remoting, Dojo and the DOM, testing, debugging, and much more. All source code examples are provided on a companion Web site, including source code for a complete tutorial case study application.
Learning Language Games through Interaction (2016)

We introduce a new language learning setting relevant to building adaptive natural language interfaces. It is inspired by Wittgenstein's language games: a human wishes to accomplish some task (e.g., achieving a certain configuration of blocks), but can only communicate with a computer, who performs the actual actions (e.g., removing all red blocks). The computer initially knows nothing about language and therefore must learn it from scratch through interaction, while the human adapts to the computer's capabilities. We created a game called SHRDLURN in a blocks world and collected interactions from 100 people playing it. First, we analyze the humans' strategies, showing that using compositionality and avoiding synonyms correlates positively with task performance. Second, we compare computer strategies, showing that modeling pragmatics on a semantic parsing model accelerates learning for more strategic players.
Modifying the substrate specificity of chymosin (1991)

Conference Article| August 01 1991 Modifying the substrate specificity of chymosin DOMINIC QUINN; DOMINIC QUINN 1Biotechnical Laboratory, VTT, Espoo, Finland Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar JIM E. PITTS; JIM E. PITTS 1Biotechnical Laboratory, VTT, Espoo, Finland Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar DIMITRIS MANTAFOUNIS; DIMITRIS MANTAFOUNIS 1Biotechnical Laboratory, VTT, Espoo, Finland Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar SEAN E. LAWLER; SEAN E. LAWLER 3Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Crystallography, Birkbeck College, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar JANNA UUSITALO; JANNA UUSITALO 1Biotechnical Laboratory, VTT, Espoo, Finland Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar MERJA PENTTILÄ; MERJA PENTTILÄ 1Biotechnical Laboratory, VTT, Espoo, Finland Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar PETER STROP PETER STROP 2Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechoslovakia Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1991) 19 (3): 267S. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst019267s Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation DOMINIC QUINN, JIM E. PITTS, DIMITRIS MANTAFOUNIS, SEAN E. LAWLER, JANNA UUSITALO, MERJA PENTTILÄ, PETER STROP; Modifying the substrate specificity of chymosin. Biochem Soc Trans 1 August 1991; 19 (3): 267S. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst019267s Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1991 Biochemical Society1991 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
The Relationship between Obesity and Serum 1,25-Dihydroxy Vitamin D Concentrations in Healthy Adults (2004)

Several previous reports of small cohorts have found significantly higher serum 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D (1,25-vit D) in obese compared with nonobese whites. Based on these reports and on recent in vitro studies of adipocytes which suggest that administration of 1,25-vit D can stimulate lipogenesis and inhibit lipolysis, some investigators have proposed that high 1,25-vit D may play a role in promoting or maintaining adipocyte triglyceride stores in obese adults. To test the hypothesis that obesity is commonly associated with increased 1,25-vit D, we examined the relationships between calciotropic hormones and body adiposity in a large cohort of healthy adults. Serum intact PTH, 25-hydroxy vitamin D, and 1,25-vit D were measured in the postabsorptive state in 302 healthy adults who were Caucasian (n = 190; 71% female), African-American (n = 84; 89% female), and of other race/ethnicity (n = 28; 61% female). Results from the 154 obese subjects [body mass index (BMI) 37.3 +/- 5.8 kg/m(2); range, 30.1-58.2 kg/m(2)] were compared with those from 148 nonobese (BMI 25.6 +/- 2.9 kg/m(2); range, 18.0-29.9 kg/m(2)) age-, race-, and sex-matched participants. Body composition was measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Serum intact PTH was positively correlated with both BMI (r = 0.42; P < 0.0001) and body fat mass (r = 0.37; P < 0.0001). Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D was negatively correlated with BMI (r = -0.4; P < 0.0001) and body fat mass (r = -0.41; P < 0.0001). Serum 1,25-vit D was also negatively correlated with BMI (r = -0.26; P < 0.0001) and body fat mass (r = -0.25; P = 0.0001). Serum 1,25-vit D was significantly lower in obese than nonobese subjects (105.7 +/- 41.1 vs. 124.8 +/- 36.7 pmol/liter; P < 0.0001) in both Caucasian and African-American adults. We conclude that, because 1,25-vit D concentrations fall with increasing adiposity, it appears unlikely that elevation in 1,25-vit D is an important hormonal mechanism causing or maintaining obesity in adults.
Enhanced Detection of Human Telomerase Activity (1998)

The detectability of telomerase activity in human cells almost always correlates with indefinite proliferation capability (immortalization). To make quantitative statements about telomerase activity levels, complete extraction of the telomerase activity is needed. A series of detergents was tested for this purpose, and a combination of NP-40 and sodium deoxycholate (NaDOC) was found to be the most efficient for extracting telomerase activity. Tumor-derived cell lines originally thought to contain differing amounts of telomerase on the basis of the original CHAPS bases extraction procedures have nearly equivalent amounts of activity when extracted with the NP-40/NaDOC lysis buffer. These results indicate that these lysis conditions can be used to extract telomerase activity more efficiently from tumor-derived cell lines.
Plasma Window for SNS Target (2001)

Proton beam loss between the vacuum window and the target in the SNS ring to target beam transport can be completely eliminated, if Plasma Windows replace solid vacuum windows. Consequently, all problems associated with proton solid-window interaction will no longer exist. The Plasma Window is a novel apparatus, which utilized a short plasma arc to provide a vacuum-atmosphere interface without any intrusive solid structures. Extrapolating present technology to SNS implementation is a straightforward engineering issue. Among the many advantages that this technology offers are: elimination of a 4% proton beam loss, water removal from vacuum interface and elimination of radioactive water problems, as well as power and vacuum equipment savings.
The engine reformer: Syngas production in an engine for compact gas-to-liquids synthesis (2016)

Methane (CH[subscript 4]) reforming was carried out in an internal combustion engine (an “engine reformer”). We successfully produced syngas from the partial oxidation of natural gas in the cylinder of a diesel engine that was reconfigured to perform spark ignition. Performing the reaction in an engine cylinder allows some of the exothermicity to be captured as useful work. Intake conditions of 110 kPa and up to 480 °C allowed low cycle-to-cycle variability (COV[subscript nimep] < 20 %) at methane-air equivalence ratios (ϕ[subscript M]) of 2.0, producing syngas with an H[subscript 2]-to-CO ratio of 1.4. Spark ignition timing was varied between 45–30° before top-dead-center (BTDC) piston position, showing significant improvement with delayed timing. Hydrogen (H[subscript 2]) and ethane (C[subscript 2]H[subscript 6]) were added to simulate recycle from a downstream synthesis reactor and realistic natural gas compositions, respectively. Adding these gases yielded a stable combustion up to hydrocarbon-air equivalence ratios (ϕ[subscript HC]) of 2.8 with COV[subscript nimep] < 5 %. Ethane concentrations (with respect to methane) of up to 0.2 L/L (20 vol%) (with and without H[subscript 2]) produced robust and stable combustions, demonstrating that the engine can be operated across a range of natural gas compositions. Engine exhaust soot concentrations demonstrated elevated values at ϕ[subscript HC] > 2.4, but < 1 mg/L below these equivalence ratios. These results demonstrate that the engine reformer could be a key component of a compact gas-to-liquids synthesis plant by highlighting the operating conditions under which high gas conversion, high H[subscript 2]-to-CO ratios close to 2.0, and low soot production are possible.
Kinetics of Surface-Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Acrylamide on Silica (2002)

Surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of acrylamide is achieved on silica at room temperature by using a catalytic system of CuCl/CuCl2/tris(2-dimethylaminoethyl)amine. The thickness of the polyacrylamide film is proportional to the monomer concentration but not to reaction time. This behavior is qualitatively similar to that for surface ATRP of acrylamide using a CuCl/bipyridine catalytic system, which required 130 °C for initiation. A kinetic study shows that, at room temperature, both the rate for chain propagation and the rate of chain termination are higher, despite a much higher concentration of Cu(II) to reduce the radical population at room temperature. XPS shows that the concentration of chlorine at the surface drops as the polymerization reaction progresses, indicating that termination is caused by radical combination. For polymerization on silica gel at room temperature, microanalysis shows that half of the chlorine is lost during polymerization. Equilibration of the surface-bound initiator with only the copper catalyst shows that most of the chlorine loss is due to the combination of initiator radicals.