gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Verifying client-side input validation functions using string analysis (2012)

Client-side computation in web applications is becoming increasingly common due to the popularity of powerful client-side programming languages such as JavaScript. Client-side computation is commonly used to improve an application's responsiveness by validating user inputs before they are sent to the server. In this paper, we present an analysis technique for checking if a client-side input validation function conforms to a given policy. In our approach, input validation policies are expressed using two regular expressions, one specifying the maximum policy (the upper bound for the set of inputs that should be allowed) and the other specifying the minimum policy (the lower bound for the set of inputs that should be allowed). Using our analysis we can identify two types of errors 1) the input validation function accepts an input that is not permitted by the maximum policy, or 2) the input validation function rejects an input that is permitted by the minimum policy. We implemented our analysis using dynamic slicing to automatically extract the input validation functions from web applications and using automata-based string analysis to analyze the extracted functions. Our experiments demonstrate that our approach is effective in finding errors in input validation functions that we collected from real-world applications and from tutorials and books for teaching JavaScript.
Web page summarization using dynamic content (2004)

Summarizing web pages have recently gained much attention from researchers. Until now two main types of approaches have been proposed for this task: content- and context-based methods. Both of them assume fixed content and characteristics of web documents without considering their dynamic nature. However the volatility of information published on the Internet argue for the implementation of more time-aware techniques. This paper proposes a new approach towards automatic web page description, which extends the concept of a web page by the temporal dimension. Our method provides a broader view on web document summarization and can complement the existing techniques.
Atomic Resolution Tomography of Nanoparticles Reconstructed from Exit Wave (2016)

Resolution and sensitivity of the latest generation aberration‐corrected Transmission Electron Microscopes allow imaging the vast majority of single atoms from the Periodic Table of Elements with sub‐Ångstrom resolution and determining their locations in an image plane with a precision that exceeds the 1.9 pm wavelength of 300 kV electrons. Further progress that exploits this ability requires addressing at leading‐edge: (1) there is the need to recover structural information in three dimensions from the two dimensional projection (2), a most noticeable bottleneck to reconstruct 3D structural information are electron beam‐induced sample alterations , since a large accumulated electron dose in the range of 10 4 − 10 5 e/Å −2 s −1. is typically required to achieve a needed resolution around one Ångstrom and single atom sensitivity. We present, in the talk, a general tomographic method to recover the 3D shape of a crystalline particle from high‐resolution images of a single projection without need for sample rotation. The method is compatible with low dose rate electron microscopy, which improves on signal quality while minimizing electron beam‐induced structure modifications even for small particles or surfaces. We apply it to MoS 2 , NiO, CeO 2 , Ge 1 , Au 1 and MgO 1 particles and achieve a depth resolution of 1−2 Å, which is smaller than inter‐atomic distances. The algorithm of 3D reconstruction method at atomic resolution is outlined followed. Determination of the true “z” height (focus) of the exit surface of a column from an image plane with the maximum peak intensity (MPI) criterion by wave propagation along “defocus circles” as shown in Fig. 1 1 . Refining the “z” height using the Big‐Bang scheme 2 . Correcting the focus of each column wave by back‐propagation, and bring the exit wave back to “mass” circle 1 . Measuring the phase of the normalized focus corrected wave (at mass circle) from the center of mass circle. The column mass is given by the phase angle θ' between the normalised focused corrected wave and the vacuum wave. See Fig. 1 The fig. 2 shows for MoS 2 and CeO 2 nanoparticles the phases of electron exit wave functions that are used to reconstruct the corresponding reconstructed atomic resolution tomograms.
A Reliability-Aware Address Mapping Strategy for NAND Flash Memory Storage Systems (2014)

The increasing density of NAND flash memory leads to a dramatic increase in the bit error rate of flash, which greatly reduces the ability of error correcting codes (ECC) to handle multibit errors. NAND flash memory is normally used to store the file system metadata and page mapping information. Thus, a broken physical page containing metadata may cause an unintended and severe change in functionality of the entire flash. This paper presents Meta-Cure, a novel hardware and file system interface that transparently protects metadata in the presence of multibit faults. Meta-Cure exploits built-in ECC and replication in order to protect pages containing critical data, such as file system metadata. Redundant pairs are formed at run time and distributed to different physical pages to protect against failures. Meta-Cure requires no changes to the file system, on-chip hierarchy, or hardware implementation of flash memory chip. We evaluate Meta-Cure under a real-embedded platform using a variety of I/O traces. The evaluation platform adopts dual ARM Cortex A9 processor cores with 64 Gb NAND flash memory. We have evaluated the effectiveness of Meta-Cure on the new technology file system file system. Experimental results show that the proposed technique can reduce uncorrectable page errors by 70.38% with less than 7.86% time overhead in comparison with conventional error correction techniques.
In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of a Novel <sup>99m</sup>Tc(CO)<sub>3</sub>-Pyrazolyl Conjugate of <i>cyclo-</i>(Arg-Gly-Asp-<scp>d</scp>-Tyr-Lys) (2007)

Radiolabeled peptides containing the Arg-Gly-Asp amino acid sequence (single letter code = RGD) have been studied extensively to target integrin receptors upregulated on tumor cells and neovasculature. Integrins are cell surface transmembrane glycoproteins that exist as alphabeta heterodimers. The alphavbeta3 integrin is known to be overexpressed in many tumor types and is expressed at lower levels in normal tissues. Furthermore, alphavbeta3 and alphavbeta5 subtypes are expressed in neovasculature during angiogenesis. Thus, there is some impetus to image angiogenesis and tumor formation in vivo using RGD-based peptide targeting vectors. In this study, we report the design and development of a new cyclic RGD analogue cyclo-[Arg-Gly-Asp-d-Tyr-Lys(PZ)] (PZ = 3,5-Me2-pz(CH2)2N((CH2)3COOH)(CH2)2NH2) that can be radiolabeled with the [99mTc(CO)3(H2O)3]+ metal aquaion. Radiochemical evaluation of this new conjugate in vitro indicated a facile radiosynthesis of the new 99mTc-RGD conjugate with high radiolabeling yields (>or=95%) and high specific activities. In vitro internalization and blocking assays in alphavbeta3 receptor-positive, human M21 melanoma cancer cells showed the ability of this conjugate to target the integrin receptor with high specificity and selectivity. In vivo pharmacokinetic studies in normal CF-1 mice showed rapid clearance from blood with excretion primarily via/through the renal-urinary system. In vivo accumulation of radioactivity in mice bearing either alphavbeta3 receptor-positive or negative human melanoma tumors showed receptor specific uptake of tracer with accumulations of 2.50 +/- 0.29 and 0.71 +/- 0.08% ID/g in alphavbeta3 integrin positive (M21) and negative (M21L) tumors at 1 h postinjection (p.i.), respectively.
Neuropeptides and Neuropeptide Receptors in the <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> Genome (2001)

Recent genetic analyses in worms, flies, and mammals illustrate the importance of bioactive peptides in controlling numerous complex behaviors, such as feeding and circadian locomotion. To pursue a comprehensive genetic analysis of bioactive peptide signaling, we have scanned the recently completed Drosophila genome sequence for G protein-coupled receptors sensitive to bioactive peptides (peptide GPCRs). Here we describe 44 genes that represent the vast majority, and perhaps all, of the peptide GPCRs encoded in the fly genome. We also scanned for genes encoding potential ligands and describe 22 bioactive peptide precursors. At least 32 Drosophila peptide receptors appear to have evolved from common ancestors of 15 monophyletic vertebrate GPCR subgroups (e.g., the ancestral gastrin/cholecystokinin receptor). Six pairs of receptors are paralogs, representing recent gene duplications. Together, these findings shed light on the evolutionary history of peptide GPCRs, and they provide a template for physiological and genetic analyses of peptide signaling in Drosophila.
Effective treatment with oral administration of rebamipide in a mouse model of Sjögren's syndrome (2008)

Our findings demonstrate the efficacy of oral administration of rebamipide in the treatment of SS. Rebamipide represents a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of patients with sicca symptoms caused by SS, as well as for patients with other diseases.
WebStage (1997)

The World Wide Web provides us with enormous opportunities to obtain global information. However, conventional browsers are time-intensive, requiring many operations with attendant mental concentration, to view the Web pages. This can ofien discourage people from seeking access to the Web. In this paper, we present an "active" Web browser, named "WebStage". Unlike conventional browsers, it displays Web pages using a television metaphor to encourage "passive" users to access the Web.
Investigation of Polymeric Composite Films Using Modified TiO2 Nanoparticles for Organic Light Emitting Diodes (2013)

Nanocomposite films for hole transport and emitting layer were prepared from poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), poly(styrenesulfonate), and poly[2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene] - as MEH-PPV - incorporated with anatase (TiO2) nanoparticles dispersed in oleic acid. The precursor for the sol was a solution of tetraiso-propyl orthotitanate [Ti(iso-OC3H7)4]. The research showed that both the electrical and spectral properties of the conjugated polymers were enhanced due to the incorporation of anatase. The best volume ratio between the oleic acid precursor and tetraiso-propyl orthotitanate was found to be of 10. Current-voltage characteristics of organic light emitting diodes made from these nanocomposite films were considerably enhanced in comparison with those made from pure polymers. The luminous efficiency is reported. Mechanical properties of the nanocomposite materials, (in particular for MEH-PPV-TiO2) were found to be dependent on constituent organic and inorganic materials and on the geometric position of constituents. It was concluded that such composite organic light emitting diodes can exhibit larger performance efficiency and longer lifetimes than classical light emitting diodes.
Reaction of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide with long‐chain fatty acids. Mono‐ and diester formation (1959)

Summary The alkali‐catalyzed reaction of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide with fatty acids was shown to be complex. Mono‐ and diesters were formed in comparable amounts even at an early stage when only about one equivalent of the cyclic ether had been condensed. The following compounds were isolated in a pure state: ethylene glycol monolaurate, ethylene glycol dilaurate, diethylene glycol dilaurate, ethylene glycol distearate, 1,2‐propylene glycol dilaurate, and 1,2‐propylene glycol distearate. A monoester from propylene oxide was shown to be a mixture of the 1‐and 2‐monolaurate [C 11 H 23 CO 2 CH 2 CHOHCH 3 and C 11 H 23 CO 2 CH(CH 3 )CH 2 OH].
Handbook of materials and techniques for vacuum devices (1967)

Contents: 1. Glass. 2. Ceramics. 3. Mica. 4. Carbon and Graphite. 5. Iron and Steel. 6. Copper and Copper Alloys. 7. Nickel and Nickel Alloys. 8. Precious Metals and Their Alloys. Introduction to Refractory Metals (RM). 9. Tungsten and Tungsten Alloys. 10. Molybdenum and Molybdenum Alloys. 11. Tantalum and Columbium (Niobium) and their Alloys. 12. Titanium, Zirconium, and Hafnium and their alloys. Introduction to Joining Processes. 13. Soldering and Brazing. 14. Glass-to-Metal Sealing. 15. Ceramic-to-Metal Sealing. 16. Cathodes and Heaters. 17. Grid Structures and Coatings. 18. Getter Materials. 19. Secondary Emission. 20. Voltage Breakdown.
Three-dimensional visualization of electron- and nuclear-density distributions in inorganic materials by MEM-based technology (2011)

The analysis of observed structure factors estimated after Rietveld analysis by the maximum-entropy method (MEM) gives electron or nuclear densities in the unit cell. The resultant densities are, more or less, biased toward a structural model in the Rietveld analysis. To overcome such a problem, we devised a sophisticated technique named MEM-based pattern fitting (MPF). For this purpose, a pattern-fitting system, RIETAN-FP, and a MEM analysis programs, PRIMA or its successor called Dysnomia, were virtually integrated into a structure-refinement system, whereby the pattern calculated from structure factors obtained by MEM is fit to the whole observed pattern. The resulting observed structure factors are analyzed again by MEM. In this way, whole-pattern fitting and MEM analysis are alternately repeated until R factors in the former no longer decrease. MPF virtually represents the crystal structure by electron or nuclear densities. MPF is, therefore, very effective in visualizing positional, occupational, and orientational disorder, chemical bonding, and anharmonic thermal motion. New programs, MPF_multi and VESTA 3, used in MPF are briefly introduced, and two representative applications of MPF to inorganic materials containing highly disordered chemical species are demonstrated.
Picosecond and femtosecond Fourier pulse shape synthesis (1987)

We review our work on the synthesis of arbitrarily shaped, coherent optical pulses, by spatial filtering in a grating pulse compressor. We describe picosecond pulses shaped using a fiber and grating pulse compressor and femtosecond pulses shaped using a nondispersive grating compressor. The discussion includes generation of coherent square pulses and abruptly phase-modulated « odd » pulses, two slit temporal interference measurements of the optical phase spectrum, and ultrashort pulse encryption and decoding by phase scrambling. We conclude with a proposal for an ultrafast optical self-routing switch based upon frequency domain phase coding of ultrashort pulses.
Femtosecond solid-state lasers (1992)

The emergence of new ultrafast optical modulation techniques has opened the way towards a new femtosecond laser technology based on solid-state gain media. The authors address the requirements for stable ultrashort pulse generation in these novel femtosecond sources. The theoretical considerations are backed up by experimental results obtained with a number of different laser systems. The conclusions drawn from the presented theoretical and experimental investigations provide general guidelines for the design and optimization of a wide range of femtosecond solid-state laser oscillators.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Measurement of skin dose from low energy beta and gamma radiation using thermoluminescent discs (1971)

A thermoluminescent dosemeter is described, designed to measure the dose to the basal layer in mixed beta - and gamma -radiation fields. Very thin Teflon discs, 8.9 mg cm-2 thick and 1.27 cm diameter, loaded with LiF, provide a convenient measure of the beta -ray dose. When covered by a polyethylene window of 3.7 mg cm-2 their response is equivalent to the dose under 7 mg em-2 of tissue to within 10% for beta -rays with maximum energies of 0.15 to 2.27 MeV. The response to X- and gamma -rays above 80 keV is independent of energy and similar to the beta -ray response, but below 80 keV the sensitivity relative to beta -rays increases to a maximum of 1.5 around 30 keV. The dosemeter can be used in mixed beta - gamma radiation fields and is particularly suited to the measurement of extremity doses.
Precisely Serializable Snapshot Isolation (PSSI) (2011)

Many popular database management systems provide snapshot isolation (SI) for concurrency control, either in addition to or in place of full serializability based on locking. Snapshot isolation was introduced in 1995, with noted anomalies that can lead to serializability violations. Full serializability was provided in 2008 and improved in 2009 by aborting transactions in dangerous structures, which had been shown in 2005 to be precursors to potential SI anomalies. This approach resulted in a runtime environment guaranteeing a serializable form of snapshot isolation (which we call SSI or ESSI) for arbitrary applications. But transactions in a dangerous structure frequently do not cause true anomalies so, as the authors point out, their method is conservative: it can cause unnecessary aborts. In the current paper, we demonstrate our PSSI algorithm to detect cycles in a snapshot isolation dependency graph and abort transactions to break the cycle. This algorithm provides a much more precise criterion to perform aborts. We have implemented our algorithm in an open source production database system (MySQL/InnoDB), and our performance study shows that PSSI throughput improves on ESSI, with significantly fewer aborts.
Refined structure for the complex of acarbose with glucoamylase from Aspergillus awamori var. X100 to 2.4-A resolution. (1994)

The three-dimensional structure of the pseudotetrasaccharide acarbose complexed with glucoamylase II(471) from Aspergillus awamori var. X100 has been determined to 2.4-A resolution. The model includes residues corresponding to 1-471 of glucoamylase I from Aspergillus niger, a single molecule of bound acarbose, and 535 sites for water molecules. The crystallographic R factor from refinement is 0.124, and the root-mean-squared deviation in bond distances is 0.013 A. Electron density for a single molecule of bound acarbose defines what may be the first four subsites in the binding of extended maltooligosaccharides. Hydrogen bonds between acarbose and the enzyme involve Arg54, Asp55, Arg305, carbonyl177, main chain amide121, Glu179, Glu180, and carbonyl179. Glu179 forms a salt link to the imino linkage between the first and second residues of acarbose. This buried salt link probably contributes significantly to the unusually tight association (Kd approximately 10(-12) M) of acarbose with glucoamylase. In addition, a significant hydrophobic contact between the third residue of acarbose and the side chain of Trp120 distorts the three-center angle of the glucosidic linkage between the second and third residues of acarbose. A water molecule (water500) hydrogen bonds to Glu400 and the 6-hydroxyl of the valienamine moiety of acarbose and is at an approximate distance of 3.7 A from the "anomeric" carbon of the inhibitor. The relevance of the acarbose-glucoamylase complex to the mechanism of enzymic hydrolysis of oligosaccharides is discussed.
Optimization of active-contour model parameters using genetic algorithms: segmentation of breast lesions in mammograms (2002)

Genetic algorithms (GA's) were used to find optimal sets of parameters for an active contour model (ACM) algorithm that segments breast lesions in mammography images. These parameters, which are typically determined empirically, are used in an energy function that is minimized by the ACM algorithm when producing a segmentation contour. Using manually segmented contours supplied by experienced radiologists, GA techniques were used to vary the parameter values until the contours produced by the ACM algorithm closely matched those of the radiologists.
Metal−Organic Composites:  The Heterogeneous Organic Doping of the Coin MetalsCopper, Silver, and Gold (2006)

We have continued the development of the novel family of organically doped metals. Two new aspects are described for these metal−organic composites: first, the doping is extended beyond silver to copper and gold, showing the generality of the concept; and second, a heterogeneous method of entrapment has been developed, in which the metal cation (of copper, silver, or gold) is reduced in the presence of the molecule to be entrapped using another metal that is higher in the electrochemical series (zinc for copper and silver cations, and copper for the gold cation). The three coin metals were doped with either a dye, thionin, or a polymer, Nafion. The procedure proved to be simple and quick. Characterization of these new composite materials included X-ray diffraction measurements, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, surface area, porosity, thermogravimetric analysis, and density measurements. An outlook for potential application of these metal−organic composites is provided.
Formal Verification of a Secure Network with End-to-End Encryption (1984)

A formal specification and verification of a simple secure communications network using end-to-end encryption is presented. It is shown that all data sent over the network is encrypted and all heats on the network exchange messages only if they are authorized to do so. The network and its hosts are modelled by a set of concurrent processes that communicate via unidirectional buffers. Each process is viewed as a state machine. The specification has been formally verified using the commercially-available VERUS verification system.
Simultaneous Electrokinetic and Hydrodynamic Injection for High Sensitivity Bacteria Analysis in Capillary Electrophoresis (2011)

A repeatable preconcentration electrophoretic methodology for the analysis of bacteria was developed. This method is based on an isotachophoretic mode coupled with a simultaneous hydrodynamic-electrokinetic injection in conditions of field-amplified sample injection. This electrophoretic method allows the quantification of Enterobacter cloacae (studied as a model of Gram negative bacteria) with a limit of detection of 2 × 10(4) cells/mL. With the optimized conditions, a preconcentration factor of about 500-fold was obtained as compared to a standard hydrodynamic injection. The RSD (n = 5) on the migration time and on the peak area were 3% and 5%, respectively. This capillary electrophoretic methodology has been applied for the quantification of microbes in natural water (river and natural spring waters). Filtration of the sample prior to injection was required to remove ions present in the water and to keep the field-amplified sample injection condition at the injection. Filtrated bacteria were then recovered in terminating electrolyte diluted 10 times with water. Good agreements were obtained between cellular ATP measurements and the proposed CE methodology for the quantification of bacteria in waters.