gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Understanding and improving operating system effects in control flow prediction (2002)

Many modern applications result in a significant operating system (OS) component. The OS component has several implications including affecting the control flow transfer in the execution environment. This paper focuses on understanding the operating system effects on control flow transfer and prediction, and designing architectural support to alleviate the bottlenecks. We characterize the control flow transfer of several emerging applications on a commercial operating system. We find that the exception-driven, intermittent invocation of OS code and the user/OS branch history interference increase the misprediction in both user and kernel code.We propose two simple OS-aware control flow prediction techniques to alleviate the destructive impact of user/OS branch interference. The first one consists of capturing separate branch correlation information for user and kernel code. The second one involves using separate branch prediction tables for user and kernel code. We study the improvement contributed by the OS-aware prediction to various branch predictors ranging from simple Gshare to more elegant Agree, Multi-Hybrid and Bi-Mode predictors. On 32K entries predictors, incorporating OS-aware techniques yields up to 34%, 23%, 27% and 9% prediction accuracy improvement in Gshare, Multi-Hybrid, Agree and Bi-Mode predictors, resulting in up to 8% execution speedup.
Three-carbazole-armed host materials with various cores for RGB phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (2012)

A series of three-carbazole-armed host materials containing various arylene cores, like benzene (1,3,5-tris(3-(carbazol-9-yl)phenyl)-benzene, TCPB), pyridine (2,4,6-tris(3-(carbazol-9-yl)phenyl)-pyridine, TCPY), and pyrimidine (2,4,6-tris(3-(carbazol-9-yl)phenyl)-pyrimidine, TCPM), were developed for red, green, and blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). An intramolecular charge transfer was observed for TCPY and TCPM with heterocyclic cores of pyridine and pyrimidine, giving bathochromic shifts in the photoluminescent spectrum and reduced energy band gaps in comparison with TCPB with a benzene core. In addition, lower energy singlet and triplet excited states, reduced lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level, smaller singlet–triplet exchange energy (ΔEST), and improved bipolarity were also achieved with introducing heterocycles of pyridine and pyrimidine instead of benzene. In contrast to the slightly decreased triplet energy (ET), a significantly decreased ΔEST was achieved by introducing heterocycles of pyridine and pyrimidine as the core, and the more nitrogen atoms in the central heterocycle, the smaller ΔEST is achieved. Reduced driving voltages were achieved for the green and red phosphorescent OLEDs by utilizing TCPY and TCPM as the host due to their decreased ΔEST and lower-lying LUMO energy level, proving that more carriers must be injected into the emitting layer through the host molecules rather than direct carrier trapping by the dopant. Moreover, improved efficiency and suppressed efficiency roll-off were also achieved for the green and red phosphorescent OLEDs based on TCPY and TCPM due to their improved bipolarity and thus improved carrier balance.
Two-Phase Loop: Compact Thermosyphon (2002)

Conventional heat sink capability to overcome the new thermal challenges is limited. Refrigeration and spray cooling can provide a solution to the thermal challenges posed by the higher power density, however reliability issues are still unresolved making these solutions impractical for the current challenges. Loop thermosyphon provides the benefits of using liquid cooling for microprocessor. It is a two-phase passive cooling loop that uses liquid as a working fluid. The loop between the evaporator and the condenser results in separate vapor and condensate path. It is considered to be a compact thermal management device due to its flexibility in size and cooling capacity range.
Static and dynamic characteristics of McKibben pneumatic artificial muscles (2002)

This paper reports mechanical testing and modeling results for the McKibben artificial muscle pneumatic actuator. This device first developed in the 1950's, contains an expanding tube surrounded by braided cords. The authors report static and dynamic length-tension testing results and derive a linearized model of these properties for three different models. The results are briefly compared with human muscle properties to evaluate the suitability of McKibben actuators for human muscle emulation in biologically based robot arms.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Method to reduce overvoltage on AC motor insulation from inverters with ultra-long cable (2017)

Stator insulation guidelines for allowable dv/dt and peak over-voltage such as NEMA MG-1, Part 31 and GAMBICA are well established. To meet these guidelines inverter output reactors are often used to reduce motor dv/dt and peak over-voltages for inverters with short output cables. However, an output reactor solution using ultra-long motor cables actually substantially increases motor peak over-voltage to damaging levels, depending on drive modulation strategy, carrier frequency and cable characteristics. Thus, an improved output [L-R] filter solution method is described using small 3%-5% output inductor with specially selected parallel damping resistors to reduce motor reflected wave overvoltage having cables up to and beyond 2,000 ft. AC drive modulation factors and motor cable characteristics contributing to the overvoltage transient are first described. Ineffectiveness of output reactor alone solutions is analyzed using theoretical model and simulation results. Effectiveness of output [L-R] filters to mitigate motor overvoltage is also analyzed, simulated, and demonstrated with experiment results. This paper provides guidelines for selecting reactor impedance rating and damping resistor power rating to keep motor PWM overvoltage transients to <; 1.3x dc bus, as transmission line cable model length increases to 2,000 ft. Finally, the paper defines the maximum allowable ultra-long cable length limit where even [L-R] filters become ineffective under a pulsed modulated power source, and which sinewave output filters are then required.
Ab Initio Calculations Combined with Experimental Techniques for Analyzing Urea Electro-oxidation. (2008)

Abstract not Available.
Low current threshold AlGaAs visible laser diodes with an (AlGaAs)<i>m</i>(GaAs)<i>n</i> superlattice quantum well (1986)

Very short period (AlGaAs)m(GaAs)n superlattices (SL’s) have been used for single quantum wells (SQW’s) of visible laser diodes emitting in the wavelength region of 680–785 nm for the first time. The threshold current of graded-index separate-confinement-heterostructure (GRIN SCH) lasers with SL SQW’s is lower than that of lasers with AlGaAs alloy SQW’s. The ridge-waveguide structure GRIN SCH SL SQW laser emitting at 785 nm shows the low threshold current of 11 mA.
Some Controversial Opinions on Software-Defined Data Plane Services (2013)

Several recent proposals, namely Software Defined Networks (SDN), Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) and Network Service Chaining (NSC), aim to transform the network into a programmable platform, focusing respectively on the control plane (SDN) and on the data plane (NFV/NSC). This paper sits on the same line of the NFV/NSC proposals but with a more long-term horizon, and it presents its considerations on some controversial aspects that arise when considering the programmability of the data plane. Particularly, this paper discusses the relevance of data plane vs control plane services, the importance of the hardware platform, and the necessity to standardize northbound and southbound interfaces in future software-defined data plane services.
Dynamic 3D human actor generation method using a time-of-flight depth camera (2008)

In this paper, we present a novel method to generate a dynamic 3D human actor using a time-of-flight depth camera, which provides synchronized color and depth images in real time. In practice, depth data obtained from the depth camera have critical problems, such as optical noise, absence of depth information for certain regions, and unmatched boundaries. In this work, we significantly enhance the visual quality of raw depth images of the human actor by performing noise reduction, recovery of the lost hair region, and boundary refinement. The 3D surface of the human actor is then created by applying a 3D mesh triangulation technique on the enhanced depth images. Finally, we generate a dynamic 3D human actor by providing the surface with corresponding color images. Experimental results show that the proposed method produces a natural and immersive 3D human actor successfully while minimizing problems inherent in the current depth camera-based images.
Effects of Product Placement in On-Line Games on Brand Memory: A Perspective of the Limited-Capacity Model of Attention (2007)

This study explores the conditions under which product placement in an on-line game will get noticed and be remembered from a perspective of the limited-capacity model of attention. Results show that the location of brand messages in the game (referred to here as proximity), game involvement, and prior game-playing experience interact to influence brand memory. Although experienced players in the moderate-involvement condition recognize focal brands better than the peripheral brands, the recognition superiority of the focal brands over the peripheral brands disappears when experienced players' involvement is high. The interaction between proximity and game involvement does not emerge for inexperienced players, however. Findings also demonstrate that the degree of congruity between the product category of a brand and game content influences brand memory such that highly incongruent brands are better recalled than either moderately incongruent brands or highly congruent brands. Implications for researchers are also discussed.
EMULATION OF NOT-LINEAR, TIME-VARIANT DEVICES BY THE CONVOLUTION TECHNIQUE (2005)

In recent years, the convolution technique has been used (and abused) for emulating the reverberation of acoustical spaces and the functionality of hardware devices (loudspeakers, microphones, preamps, etc.). Now it is also being employed for attempting the emulation of strongly not linear and not time-invariant components, such as compressors, limiters, level maximizers, dynamic processors, automatic gain controllers. As the results obtained by purely linear convolution for emulating the behaviour of not-linear devices revealed to be completely unsatisfactory, two methods for obtaining not-linear convolution were pioneered by the authors: Impulse Response switching [1,2] and diagonal Volterra multiple convolution [3]. This paper describes these techniques, and provides an evaluation of their performances both in case of memoryless notlinear devices and in case of devices which show significant memory effects.
Evaluation of Cement Systems for Oil and Gas Well Zonal Isolation in a Full-Scale Annular Geometry (2004)

Abstract In a wellbore, loss of zonal isolation can be caused by the mechanical failure of the cement or by the generation of a microannulus. However, the behavior of the sealant is driven by the specific boundary conditions like the rock properties. Large-scale laboratory testing of the cement sheath in an annular geometry and in a confined situation was performed to simulate various well conditions and to evaluate the behavior of several sealants under simulated downhole stress conditions. The failure modes of the cement sheath were determined as a function of the cement mechanical properties, loading parameters, and boundary conditions. The results were used to validate an analytical model that predicts cement sheath failure.
Tidal Disruption of a Star By a Massive Black Hole Computed In Fermi Normal Coordinates (2019)

We present a new numerical code constructed to obtain accurate simulations of encounters be tween a star and a massive black hole. We assume Newtonian hydrodynamics and self-gravity for the star. The three-dimensional parallel code includes a PPMLR hydrodynamics module to treat the gas dynamics and a Fourier transform-based method to calculate the self-gravity. The formalism for calculating the relativistic tidal interaction in Fermi normal coordinates (FNC) allows the addition of an arbitrary number of terms in the tidal expansion. We present the relevant post-Newtonian terms for this code. Results are given for an n = 1.5 polytrope with comparisons between simulations and predictions from the linear theory of tidal encounters. It is shown that the inclusion of the l = 3 tidal term will cause the center of mass of the star to deviate from the origin of the FNC. We consider relativistic encounters for three diﬀerent mass ratios, µ = 1.28×10−3,4.21×10−4,3.77×10−5. We show a relativistic suppression in the amount of energy deposited onto the star. We ﬁnd that the dimensionless function T2(η) (which characterizes the energy deposited into non-radial oscillations) must not only be a function of the dimensionless disruption parameter, η, but also of a dimensionless relativistic parameter Φp. We speculate on the source of the observed energy excess in the tidal en counter simulations from the linear theory. We ﬁnd that the energy deposited into radial oscillations is negligible and that the shock heating in the outer layers of the post-encounter star contributes a signiﬁcant amount. We estimate the new orbital parameters of the star after it passes by the black hole.
Multi-Object Detection in Traffic Scenes Based on Improved SSD (2018)

In order to solve the problem that, in complex and wide traffic scenes, the accuracy and speed of multi-object detection can hardly be balanced by the existing object detection algorithms that are based on deep learning and big data, we improve the object detection framework SSD (Single Shot Multi-box Detector) and propose a new detection framework AP-SSD (Adaptive Perceive). We design a feature extraction convolution kernel library composed of multi-shape Gabor and color Gabor and then we train and screen the optimal feature extraction convolution kernel to replace the low-level convolution kernel of the original network to improve the detection accuracy. After that, we combine the single image detection framework with convolution long-term and short-term memory networks and by using the Bottle Neck-LSTM memory layer to refine and propagate the feature mapping between frames, we realize the temporal association of network frame-level information, reduce the calculation cost, succeed in tracking and identifying the targets affected by strong interference in video and reduce the missed alarm rate and false alarm rate by adding an adaptive threshold strategy. Moreover, we design a dynamic region amplification network framework to improve the detection and recognition accuracy of low-resolution small objects. Therefore, experiments on the improved AP-SSD show that this new algorithm can achieve better detection results when small objects, multiple objects, cluttered background and large-area occlusion are involved, thus ensuring this algorithm a good engineering application prospect.
Facile and Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of Homoallylic Alcohols Using Organosilicon Intermediates (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFacile and Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of Homoallylic Alcohols Using Organosilicon IntermediatesShu Kobayashi and Koichi NishioCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 22, 6620–6628Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00101a021RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views2025Altmetric-Citations248LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (890 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Oligomer-based organic distributed feedback lasers by room-temperature nanoimprint lithography (2003)

Room-temperature nanoimprint lithography in air is used in order to pattern a nonthermoplastic, low-molar-mass thiophene-based pentamer with excellent gain properties. No degradation of the luminescence efficiency of the active medium was observed after patterning. In this way, we fabricated single-mode emission distributed feedback lasers having a threshold excitation fluence of 140 μJ/cm2. The lasing line is peaked at 637 nm and exhibits a linewidth of less than 0.7 nm and a well-behaved input-output characteristic in the whole range of pump fluences. These results demonstrate room-temperature nanoimprint lithography as powerful and straightforward fabrication technique for oligomer-based nanostructured optoelectronic devices.
Inter-Cluster Design of Precoding and Fronthaul Compression for Cloud Radio Access Networks (2014)

This work studies the joint design of precoding and fronthaul compression for the downlink of multi-cluster cloud radio access networks (C-RANs). In these systems, each cluster of radio units (RUs) is managed by a different control unit (CU) through fronthaul links of limited capacity. Each CU performs baseband processing, including channel coding and linear precoding, for all the connected RUs, and then compresses the precoded signals for transmission to the RUs over the corresponding fronthaul links. In a recent work, it was shown that joint, rather than conventional separate, compression of the signals of different RUs leads to significant performance gains. However, the approach therein was limited to the intra-cluster optimization of precoding and joint compression, hence leading to significant performance loss in the presence of mutually interfering clusters. This work proposes instead to perform the inter-cluster optimization of precoding and joint compression. Specifically, the problem of maximizing the weighted sum-rate maximization across multiple clusters is tackled by deriving an iterative algorithm that converges to a locally optimal point of the problem. From numerical results, it is confirmed that the proposed scheme significantly outperforms the existing approach based on intra-cluster optimization.
Screening and Characterization of Potential Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria from Cultured Common Carp Intestine (2009)

Screening of potential probiotic LAB for aquaculture from adult common carp intestine was performed seasonally. Lactococcus lactis h2 and Lactococcus raffinolactis h47, which show cholic acid resistance and strong antibacterial activity against fish pathogens, were selected from predominant LAB in summer and winter respectively. Enterococcus pseudoavium h50, with the strongest antimicrobial activity among the strains isolated through 1 year, was also selected. Streptococcus iniae I1, with strong antimicrobial activity, was selected from predominant LAB in young common carp intestine. Direct screening of LAB with cholic acid resistance was also carried out seasonally. The antibacterial activity of the isolates was tested, and Lactobacillus fuchuensis K11 was selected from the summer isolates. In addition, five candidate strains were selected from the winter samples. The candidates' levels of cholic acid resistance and antibacterial activity were better than or at the least matched those of their corresponding type strains. All the candidates grew over a wide range of temperatures.
The Total Synthesis of (±) Ochrobirine (1972)

The total synthesis of (±) ochrobirine is described.
Water Freezes Differently on Positively and Negatively Charged Surfaces of Pyroelectric Materials (2010)

Although ice melts and water freezes under equilibrium conditions at 0 degrees C, water can be supercooled under homogeneous conditions in a clean environment down to -40 degrees C without freezing. The influence of the electric field on the freezing temperature of supercooled water (electrofreezing) is of topical importance in the living and inanimate worlds. We report that positively charged surfaces of pyroelectric LiTaO3 crystals and SrTiO3 thin films promote ice nucleation, whereas the same surfaces when negatively charged reduce the freezing temperature. Accordingly, droplets of water cooled down on a negatively charged LiTaO3 surface and remaining liquid at -11 degrees C freeze immediately when this surface is heated to -8 degrees C, as a result of the replacement of the negative surface charge by a positive one. Furthermore, powder x-ray diffraction studies demonstrated that the freezing on the positively charged surface starts at the solid/water interface, whereas on a negatively charged surface, ice nucleation starts at the air/water interface.
Patterning of metallic electrodes on flexible substrates for organic thin-film transistors using a laser thermal printing method (2011)

We report on a laser thermal printing method for transferring patterned metallic thin films on flexible plastic substrates using a pulsed CO 2 laser. Aluminium and silver line patterns, with micrometre scale resolution on poly(ethylene terephthalate) substrates, are shown. The printed electrodes demonstrate good conductivity and fulfil the properties for bottom-contact organic thin-film transistors. In addition to providing the energy for transferring the film, the absorption of laser light results in a rise in the temperature of the film and the substrate. This also further anneals the film and softens the plastic substrate. Consequently, it is possible to obtain a film with better surface morphology and with its film thickness implanted in part into the plastic surface. This implantation reveals excellent characteristics in adhesion and flexure resistance. Being feasible to various substrates and executable at ambient temperatures renders this approach a potential alternative for patterning metallic electrodes.
Evaluation of nikkomycins X and Z in murine models of coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, and blastomycosis (1990)

Nikkomycins X and Z, competitive inhibitors of fungal chitin synthase, were evaluated as therapeutic agents in vitro and in mouse models of coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, and blastomycosis. In vitro, the nikkomycins were found to be most effective against the highly chitinous, dimorphic fungi Coccidioides immitis and Blastomyces dermatitidis, were less effective against yeasts, and were virtually without effect on the filamentous fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. Additionally, by transmission electron microscopy, nikkomycin Z was highly disruptive to the cell wall and internal structure of the spherule-endospore phase of C. immitis in vitro. In vivo, nikkomycin Z was more effective than nikkomycin X, was also found to be superior on a milligram per milligram basis to the majority of azoles tested in the models of coccidioidomycosis and blastomycosis, and was moderately effective in histoplasmosis. A study of the pharmacokinetics in mice showed that nikkomycin Z was rapidly eliminated after intravenous infusion but that absorption after oral administration was sufficiently slow to allow inhibitory levels to persist for more than 2 h. Results of limited toxicology tests suggest that nikkomycin Z was well tolerated at the dosages employed.