gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bumped Tape Automated Bonding (BTAB) Practical Application Guidelines (1979)

A number of mass bonding techniques have been used to replace wire bonding in hybrid microcircuit (HM) fabrication, but none has approached universal acceptance. In recent years tape carrier technology, typically called tape automated bonding (TAB) has received considerable attention. A more recent development, bumped tape automated bonding (BTAB), maintains the advantages of conventional TAB, offers some unique features of its own, and can be quite compatible with conventional aluminum-metallized integrated circuit (lC) chips. The present status of BTAB technology from the standpoint of practical HM fabrication and performance is presented.
Advanced Seal Technology Role in Meeting Next Generation Turbine Engine Goals (1999)

Cycle studies have shown the benefits of increasing engine pressure ratios and cycle temperatures to decrease engine weight and improve performance in next generation turbine engines. Advanced seals have been identified as critical in meeting engine goals for specific fuel consumption, thrust-to-weight, emis-sions, durability and operating costs. NASA and the industry are identifying and developing engine and sealing technologies that will result in dramatic improvements and address the goals for engines entering service in the 20052007 time frame. This paper provides an overview of advanced seal technology requirements and highlights the results of a preliminary design effort to implement advanced seals into a regional aircraft turbine engine. This study examines in great detail the benefits of applying advanced seals in the high pressure turbine region of the engine. Low leakage film-riding seals can cut in half the estimated 4 % cycle air currently used to purge the high pressure turbine cavities. These sav-ings can be applied in one of several ways. Holding rotor inlet temperature @IT) constant the engine spe-cific fuel consumption can be reduced 0.9%, or thrust could be increased 2.5%, or mission fuel bum could be reduced 1.3%. Alternatively, RIT could be low-ered 20 “F resulting in a 50 % increase in turbine blade life reducing overall regional aircraft mainte-nance and fuel bum direct operating costs by nearly 1%. Thermal, structural, secondary-air systems, safety (seal failure and effect), and emissions analy-ses have shown the proposed design is feasible.
Fiber lenses for ultra-small probes used in optical coherent tomography (2010)

We present a design, construction and characterization of different variations of GRIN and ball fiber lenses, which were recently proposed for ultra-small biomedical imaging probes. Those fiber lens modules are made of a single mode fiber and a GRIN or ball fiber lens with or without a fiber spacer between them. The lens diameters are smaller than 0.3 mm. We discuss design methods, fabrication techniques, and measuring performance of the fiber lenses. The experimental results are compared to their modeling results. The fabrication of a high quality beam director for both lens types is presented as well. These fiber integrated beam directors could be added on the tips of the fiber lenses for side-view probes. A needle probe made by these fiber lenses is demonstrated as a sample of the ultra-small probe for biomedical imaging application. In vivo human finger images acquired by a swept source optical coherence tomography using the fiber lenses with different beam profiles were shown, which indicates the important impact of fiber
A "door-to-door" path-finding approach for indoor navigation (2011)

Indoor navigation is gaining an increasing interest among researchers in many domains. In many cases users need to orient quickly in complex environments, which is not always the target of current routing algorithms. The paper reviews current indoor path-finding approaches and discusses some of the limitations. In order to support a natural movement in buildings, typically for emergencies, we purpose a new indoor path-finding approach, that is, the “door-to-door” approach. We present an algorithm, which is applied to 2D floor plan of buildings with complex indoor structure. The algorithm consists of two-level routing: one is to get coarse route between rooms, and the other one is applied to single rooms to acquire the detailed route. Ultimately, several instances are given to illustrate advantages and feasibility of the door-to-door approach. From the test results it is evident this algorithm runs well even on quite complex floor plans. The paper concludes with a discussion of future work, which is to extend the routing approach into 3D, i.e. considering the vertical direction, indoor obstacles and path-finding in 3D scenarios.
An Extension of Business Process Model for XML Schema Modeling (2010)

Various notations for business process modeling are nowadays very popular for software analysis. They allow modeling business processes as well as exchanged data at the conceptual level. Later, a conceptual schema of a business process can be translated to an executable script expressed in, e.g. BPEL. While this part of translation has been solved in recent research, there is a lack of methods which allow to easily derive suitable communication data formats between the components of the business process. Usually, XML is considered for message exchange. However, XML formats suitable for the business process must be derived manually by schema designers. In this paper, we present a novel method which derives XML formats for message exchange among components of a business process. We suppose a conceptual schema of the business process as an input. We then derive XML formats for communication links in the conceptual schema and optimize them by minimizing two metrics. Firstly, we measure data redundancies in respective XML documents. Secondly, we measure how easy it is to evaluate a set of business rules given by the conceptual schema. The result is a set of quality XML formats with respect to the conceptual diagram of the implemented business process.
Post-transcriptional regulation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase gene expression in rat tissues (1984)

We have isolated and identified cDNA clones containing part of the coding sequence for rat glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase (GAPDH, E.C. 1.2.1.12). By using one of these clones as a probe, we have shown that: i) the abundance of GAPDH mRNA is different in various tissues of the adult rat and in good correlation with the abundance of the enzyme; ii) the transcription rates are quite similar in all tissues tested. We therefore conclude that the tissue-specific differential GAPDH gene expression is regulated by adjusting the abundance of its mRNA at the post-transcriptional level.
Anti-keratin antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis. (1979)

A naturally occurring antibody that reacts with the keratinised tissue of animal oesophagus was found in the serum of 75 out of 129 patients (58%) with classical or definite rheumatoid arthritis (RA) but not in sera from 105 healthy people. Detection of the antibody, which is unrelated to rheumatoid factor, is more specific for RA than the reaction in the sheep-cell agglutination test but less sensitive.
Spin glass model of learning by selection. (1986)

A model of learning by selection is described at the level of neuronal networks. It is formally related to statistical mechanics with the aim to describe memory storage during development and in the adult. Networks with symmetric interactions have been shown to function as content-addressable memories, but the present approach differs from previous instructive models. Four biologically relevant aspects are treated--initial state before learning, synaptic sign changes, hierarchical categorization of stored patterns, and synaptic learning rule. Several of the hypotheses are tested numerically. Starting from the limit case of random connections (spin glass), selection is viewed as pruning of a complex tree of states generated with maximal parsimony of genetic information.
Use of a Wireless Network of Accelerometers for Improved Measurement of Human Energy Expenditure (2014)

Single, hip-mounted accelerometers can provide accurate measurements of energy expenditure (EE) in some settings, but are unable to accurately estimate the energy cost of many non-ambulatory activities. A multi-sensor network may be able to overcome the limitations of a single accelerometer. Thus, the purpose of our study was to compare the abilities of a wireless network of accelerometers and a hip-mounted accelerometer for the prediction of EE. Thirty adult participants engaged in 14 different sedentary, ambulatory, lifestyle and exercise activities for five minutes each while wearing a portable metabolic analyzer, a hip-mounted accelerometer (AG) and a wireless network of three accelerometers (WN) worn on the right wrist, thigh and ankle. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) were created separately for the AG and WN for the EE prediction. Pearson correlations (<i>r</i>) and the root mean square error (RMSE) were calculated to compare criterion-measured EE to predicted EE from the ANNs. Overall, correlations were higher (<i>r</i> = 0.95 <i>vs. r</i> = 0.88, <i>p</i> < 0.0001) and RMSE was lower (1.34 <i>vs.</i> 1.97 metabolic equivalents (METs), <i>p</i> < 0.0001) for the WN than the AG. In conclusion, the WN outperformed the AG for measuring EE, providing evidence that the WN can provide highly accurate estimates of EE in adults participating in a wide range of activities.
Compacted cancellous bone has a spring-back effect (2003)

A new surgical technique, compaction, has been shown to improve implant fixation. It has been speculated that the enhanced implant fixation with compaction could be due to a spring-back effect of compacted bone. However, such an effect has yet to be shown. Therefore we investigated in a canine model whether implant cavities prepared with compaction had spring back. Before killing the animals, we used one of two surgical techniques to make implant cavities of identical dimensions in both lateral femoral condyles of 7 dogs. One side had the implant cavity prepared with compaction, the other side with drilling. The cavities were left empty in vivo for 10 minutes before the dogs were killed. Postoperative micro-CT scanning showed that the diameters of the compacted cavities were significantly smaller than those of the drilled cavities, although they had had identical dimensions initially. Thus we found a spring-back effect of compacted bone, which may be important for increasing implant fixation by reducing initial gaps between the implant and bone.
Increased Excitability of Afferent Neurons Innervating Rat Urinary Bladder after Chronic Bladder Inflammation (1999)

The properties of bladder afferent neurons in L6 and S1 dorsal root ganglia of adult rats were evaluated after chronic bladder inflammation induced by 2 week treatment with cyclophosphamide (CYP; 75 mg/kg). Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings revealed that most (70%) of the dissociated bladder afferent neurons from control rats were capsaicin sensitive, with high-threshold long-duration action potentials that were not blocked by tetrodotoxin (TTX; 1 microM). These neurons exhibited membrane potential relaxations during voltage responses elicited by depolarizing current pulses and phasic firing during sustained membrane depolarization. After CYP treatment, a similar proportion (71%) of bladder afferent neurons were capsaicin sensitive with TTX-resistant spikes. However, the neurons were significantly larger in size (diameter 29.6 +/- 1.0 micrometer vs 23.6 +/- 0.8 micrometer in controls). TTX-resistant bladder afferent neurons from CYP-treated rats exhibited lower thresholds for spike activation (-25.4 +/- 0.5 mV) than those from control rats (-21.4 +/- 0.9 mV) and did not exhibit membrane potential relaxation during depolarization. Seventy percent of TTX-resistant bladder afferent neurons from CYP-treated rats exhibited tonic firing (average 12.3 +/- 1.4 spikes during a 500 msec depolarizing pulse) versus phasic firing (1.2 +/- 0.2 spikes) in normal bladder afferent neurons. Application of 4-aminopyridine (1 mM) to normal TTX-resistant bladder afferent neurons mimicked the changes in firing properties after CYP treatment. The peak density of an A-type K+ current (IA) during depolarizations to 0 mV in TTX-resistant bladder afferent neurons from CYP-treated rats was significantly smaller (42.9 pA/pF) than that from control rats (109.4 pA/pF), and the inactivation curve of the IA current was displaced to more hyperpolarized levels by approximately 15 mV after CYP treatment. These data suggest that chronic inflammation induces somal hypertrophy and increases the excitability of C-fiber bladder afferent neurons by suppressing IA channels. Similar electrical changes in sensory pathways may contribute to cystitis-induced pain and hyperactivity of the bladder.
Hypoxylonols C–F, Benzo[<i>j</i>]fluoranthenes from <i>Hypoxylon truncatum</i> (2011)

Four novel benzo[j]fluoranthene derivatives, hypoxylonols C (3), D (4), E (5), and F (6), have been isolated from the mushroom Hypoxylon truncatum, together with two known benzo[j]fluoranthene derivatives, hypoxylonols A (1) and B (2). The structures were established by analysis of NMR spectroscopic data and X-ray diffraction data. Compounds 4 and 5 showed antiproliferative activity against HUVECs (human umbilical vein endothelial cells) and HUAECs (human umbilical artery endothelial cells).
Directional emission from quantum dots in a hyperbolic metamaterial (2014)

Directional light extraction from high-k modes in a hyperbolic metamaterial (HMM) is demonstrated by direct coupling of resonance cones from quantum dots (QDs) underneath a metal-dielectric composite to a high index bulls-eye grating structure.
Discharge Rate Capability of the LiCoO2 Electrode (1998)

is shown to be a very high rate cathode. Power densities as high as 5500 W/kg have been demonstrated for cells. Such high power was obtained with approximately 75‐μm‐thick electrodes fabricated with 5 μm or smaller diameter particles and having about 65% porosity. A 2 M solution in a mixed solvent consisting of 25 vol% propylene carbonate and 75 vol% methyl acetate was the electrolyte. The high concentration of this electrolyte, together with its room temperature conductivity of , allowed the discharge of cells at currents as high as 100 mA/cm2. The utilization at 50 mA/cm2 and higher current densities showed a strong dependence on separator porosity. Cells with a 25‐μm‐thick separator having about 55% porosity showed significantly better power output than ones containing a separator of the same thickness having 32% porosity.
Theory and experimental characterization of linear gold microelectrodes with submicrometer thickness (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTheory and experimental characterization of linear gold microelectrodes with submicrometer thicknessAlan M. Bond, Terry L. E. Henderson, and Wolfgang ThormannCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1986, 90, 13, 2911–2917Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100404a026https://doi.org/10.1021/j100404a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views216Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Microwave Ablation with Multiple Simultaneously Powered Small-gauge Triaxial Antennas: Results from an in Vivo Swine Liver Model (2007)

A single generator may effectively deliver microwave power to multiple antennas. Large volumes of tissue may be ablated and large vessels coagulated with multiple-antenna ablation in the same time as single-antenna ablation.
Radio over telephone lines in femtocell systems (2010)

The Wireless over Cable (WoC) paradigm is a new technique to enable distributed antennas systems. WoC is based on the relay of radio frequency wireless signals over a cable infrastructure through a bidirectional (analog) amplify and forward device that translates the bandwidth of wireless signals to comply with the specifications of the wired links. Following the WoC concept, here the xDSL connection in femtocell architecture is replaced with a plain connection of the antenna with telephone lines after up/down-frequency conversion to enable Radio over Telephone Lines. Baseband processing and radio resource management is carried out simultaneously for multiple femtocells thus centralizing scheduling and mitigation of the radio frequency interference among neighboring femtocells. We propose the envisioned Radio over Telephone Lines architecture for femtocells and get insights into the hindrances of propagation over twisted pair copper lines via numerical analysis by employing OFDMA signals over the air interface (WiMAX/LTE) that coexist (and interfere) with xDSL services.
Monitoring of freshness of milk by an electronic tongue on the basis of voltammetry (1998)

We describe an electronic tongue which consists of a reference electrode, an auxiliary electrode and five wires of different metals (gold, iridium, palladium, platinum and rhodium) as working electrodes. The measurement principle is based on pulsed voltammetry, in which successive voltage pulses of gradually changing amplitudes are applied to the working electrodes connected in a standard three-electrode configuration. The five working electrodes were successively connected and corresponding current-response transients are recorded. The electronic tongue was used to follow the deterioration of the quality of milk due to microbial growth when milk is stored at room temperature. The data obtained were treated with principal component analysis and the deterioration process could clearly be followed in the diagrams. To make models for predictions, projections to latent structure and artificial neural networks were used. When they had been trained, both models could satisfactorily predict the course of bacterial growth in the milk samples.
Entre el bien y el mal. Una pauta de lexicalización en la lengua española (2009)

El trabajo examina diacrónicamente cómo opera el concepto de patrón o pauta de lexicalización en dos campos semánticos del español: el positivo y el negativo. El primero contiene las voces y locuciones formadas a partir de cuatro raíces: ben-, bien- bon- y buen-, derivadas de dos étimos latinos, bene y bonus, y el segundo abarca las voces y locuciones formadas a partir de una sola raíz, mal-, derivada de los étimos latinos male y malus. El trabajo muestra que las voces y locuciones negativas, no obstante que se forman a partir de una sola raíz, tienen una mucho mayor capacidad para lexicalizarse y fijarse, mientras que las positivas, formadas a partir de cuatro raíces, suelen mantener con frecuencia su carácter predicativo y referencial originario sin alcanzar el grado de cohesión que tiene el polo léxico-cultural negativo en el español. En promedio, hay tres veces más lexicalización de lo negativo que de lo positivo en español, además de que aquel campo léxico tiene una mayor facilidad para crear expresiones metafóricas. El artículo está basado en el análisis de un corpus de diccionarios: para la lengua española el Diccionario de Autoridades y la última edición del DRAE, para el latín, cuatro diccionarios, y cinco diccionarios de otras lenguas romances occidentales, ya que el estudio intenta comparar si la alta lexicalización que muestra el español en el campo semántico negativo es exclusiva de nuestra lengua o está compartida por otras lenguas románicas.
2-picosecond, GaAs photodiode optoelectronic circuit for optical correlation applications (1992)

An ultrafast GaAs Schottky photodiode is monolithically integrated with a microwave detector. By using this new optoelectronic circuit in place of a nonlinear crystal in an optical correlation setup, the high-speed photodiode can measure laser pulse durations without using expensive sampling oscilloscopes. Key advantages are that this circuit works over a broad wavelength range and at low peak optical powers. The correlated temporal response of the circuit is measured to be 1.9 ps full width at half maximum. Due to its wavelength flexibility, cross correlation with different lasers may be performed with this single device.
A universal measure of chaotropicity and kosmotropicity (2012)

Diverse parameters, including chaotropicity, can limit the function of cellular systems and thereby determine the extent of Earth's biosphere. Whereas parameters such as temperature, hydrophobicity, pressure, pH, Hofmeister effects, and water activity can be quantified via standard scales of measurement, the chao-/kosmotropic activities of environmentally ubiquitous substances have no widely accepted, universal scale. We developed an assay to determine and quantify chao-/kosmotropicity for 97 chemically diverse substances that can be universally applied to all solutes. This scale is numerically continuous for the solutes assayed (from +361 kJ kg(-1) mol(-1) for chaotropes to -659 kJ kg(-1) mol(-1) for kosmotropes) but there are key points that delineate (i) chaotropic from kosmotropic substances (i.e. chaotropes ≥ +4; kosmotropes ≤ -4 kJ kg(-1) mol(-1) ); and (ii) chaotropic solutes that are readily water-soluble (log P < 1.9) from hydrophobic substances that exert their chaotropic activity, by proxy, from within the hydrophobic domains of macromolecular systems (log P > 1.9). Examples of chao-/kosmotropicity values are, for chaotropes: phenol +143, CaCl(2) +92.2, MgCl(2) +54.0, butanol +37.4, guanidine hydrochloride +31.9, urea +16.6, glycerol [> 6.5 M] +6.34, ethanol +5.93, fructose +4.56; for kosmotropes: proline -5.76, sucrose -6.92, dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) -9.72, mannitol -6.69, trehalose -10.6, NaCl -11.0, glycine -14.2, ammonium sulfate -66.9, polyethylene glycol- (PEG-)1000 -126; and for relatively neutral solutes: methanol, +3.12, ethylene glycol +1.66, glucose +1.19, glycerol [< 5 M] +1.06, maltose -1.43 (kJ kg(-1) mol(-1)). The data obtained correlate with solute interactions with, and structure-function changes in, enzymes and membranes. We discuss the implications for diverse fields including microbial ecology, biotechnology and astrobiology.