gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Montelukast causes prolonged, potent leukotriene D4-receptor antagonism in the airways of patients with asthma* (1997)

Montelukast, a new specific oral cysteinyl LT3-receptor antagonist was evaluated for its activity in attenuating inhaled leukotriene D4 (LTD4) bronchoconstriction in patients with asthma. In two double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized crossover studies, patients with mild asthma (forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1] > or = 70%) were studied. In trial A, LTD4 challenge began 4 hours (peak plasma concentration) after a single dose of placebo or 5, 20, 100, and 250 mg montelukast. In trial B, and LTD4 challenge was started 20 hours after administration of placebo, 40 mg montelukast, or 200 mg montelukast. During each challenge, twofold increasing concentrations of LTD4 were inhaled until specific airways conductance (sGaw) decreased by at least 50% (PC50) or the highest concentration of LTD4 was inhaled. In trial A with all doses and in trial B with the 200 mg dose, bronchoconstriction was attenuated (50% fall in sGaw was not observed) up to the highest dose of LTD4 administered. In trial B, during the 40 mg period, only two of six patients exhibited a 50% fall in sGaw; PC50 ratios (montelukast 40 mg/placebo) were 18 and 45 in these two patients. These results indicate that montelukast is a highly potent and long-lasting antagonist of LTD4-induced bronchoconstriction in patients with asthma.
Surfactant-Free Controlled/Living Radical Emulsion (Co)polymerization of<i>n</i>-Butyl Acrylate and Methyl Methacrylate via RAFT Using Amphiphilic Poly(ethylene oxide)-Based Trithiocarbonate Chain Transfer Agents (2009)

The RAFT-mediated, surfactant-free, ab initio, batch emulsion polymerization of n-butyl acrylate (nBA) and its copolymerization with methyl methacrylate (MMA) were studied. The control agent was a surface-active trithiocarbonate macromolecular RAFT agent composed of a hydrophilic poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) block and a hydrophobic dodecyl chain. The homopolymerizations of nBA were fast with high final conversions, and the polymer chains were well-controlled with narrow molar mass distribution. The length of the PEO chain was shown to affect the particle size and the polymerization kinetics directly. We found the conditions to tune the particle size independently from the poly(n-butyl acrylate) chain length by playing with a mixture of macro-RAFT agents with long and short PEO segment or by adding a PEO-based nonionic surfactant. The copolymerizations of nBA and MMA exhibited features very similar to those of the nBA homopolymerizations provided that the molar percentage of MMA did not exceed approximately 75%. In all cases, stable, submicrometric particles composed of amphiphilic diblock copolymer chains were formed.
Biocoating of Electropolished and Ultra‐Hydrophilic Titanium and Cobalt Chromium Molybdenum Alloy Surfaces with Proteins (2002)

Abstract Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) play a decisive role in bone development and osteogenesis. In the past they have been the subject of widespread research and clinical trials as stimulants of bone growth. Although recently recombinant human BMP‐2 (rhBMP‐2) has been chemically immobilized on implant surfaces leading to enhanced bone growth and accelerated integration in vivo, the non‐covalent immobilization of proteins on metal surfaces is still poorly understood, since the oxide layers on metals like titanium, stainless steel or cobalt chromium alloys are poor adsorbents of proteins. Protein binding surfaces could either be generated by linking ionic groups (ion‐exchange surface) or by coupling hydrophobic residues (hydrophobic interacting surface, HIS) to the surface. In this paper the preparation of protein adsorbing surfaces on titanium and cobalt chromium molybdenum alloy for the adsorption of rhBMP‐2 and ubiquitin will be described. rhBMP‐2 and ubiquitin are bound extremely tight to surfaces containing propyl or hexyl groups of a certain surface concentration and are slowly released over a range of at least 24–100 days making such surfaces applicable as long‐term drug delivery devices for enhancing bone growth or implant integration.
Colposcopic accuracy in the diagnosis of microinvasive and occult invasive carcinoma of the cervix. (1985)

One hundred eighty patients with microinvasive and occult invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix who were examined by colposcopy during a ten-year period are reviewed. Forty-two percent of patients with microinvasive carcinoma and 28% of patients with occult invasive carcinoma had an unsatisfactory colposcopic examination. Colposcopy led to the correct management in 90% of patients with occult invasive cancer and in 84% of patients with microinvasive carcinoma. Colposcopy appeared to be less sensitive in detecting microinvasive lesions than in detecting occult carcinoma. Two-thirds of the errors made were colposcopist-related, either failure of interpretation or protocol violation. A small but definite group of patients will have lesions whose colposcopic appearance is not sufficiently distinct or characteristic to permit a diagnosis of early invasion.
The dynamic microbe: green fluorescent protein brings bacteria to light (2002)

The demonstration that the green fluorescent protein (GFP) from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria required no jellyfish-specific cofactors and could be expressed as a fluorescent protein in heterologous hosts including both prokaryotes and eukaryotes sparked the development of GFP as one of the most common reporters in use today. Over the past several years, the utility of GFP as a reporter has been optimized through the isolation and engineering of variants with increased folding rates, different in vivo stabilities and colour variants with altered excitation and emission spectral properties. One of the great utilities of GFP is as a probe for characterizing spatial and temporal dynamics of gene expression, protein localization and protein-protein interactions in living cells. The innovative application of GFP as a reporter in bacteria has made a significant contribution to microbial cell biology. This review will highlight recent studies that demonstrate the potential of GFP for real-time analysis of gene expression, protein localization and the dynamics of signalling transduction pathways through protein-protein interactions.
Coexistence of VoIP and TCP in wireless multihop networks (2009)

When supporting both voice and TCP in a wireless multihop network, there are two conflicting goals: to protect the VoIP traffic and to completely utilize the remaining capacity for TCP. We investigate the interaction between these two popular categories of traffic and find that many solution approaches, such as enhanced TCP variants, priority queues, bandwidth limitation, and traffic shaping, do not always achieve the coexistence goals. Enhanced TCP variants (Reno, Vegas, C-TCP, CUBIC, Westwood) generally fail to protect VoIP in wired-wireless multihop scenarios. Priority schemes, including those built into the 802.11 MAC such as RTS/CTS or 802.11e, do not account for the interference nature of wireless multihop. Finally, bandwidth shaping and window control are valid tools to control TCP, but come with their own trade-offs.
On-chip vertically coiled solenoid inductors and transformers for RF SoC using 90nm CMOS interconnect technology (2011)

This paper presents very small on-chip vertically coiled solenoid inductors (V-solenoid) using 90 nm CMOS multilevel interconnect technology. In addition, a variety of areas-saving (10 um × 20 um) transformers without any additional processing steps are demonstrated: a V-solenoid surrounded by another different inside-diameter V-solenoid (dual-tube transformer), a V-solenoid coiled around another one with same dimensions (a double-helix or DNA-like transformer), and face-to-face V-solenoids (face-to-face transformer). Radio-frequency characteristics were evaluated on the basis of 2-port S-parameter measurements. Measured self-resonance frequencies resulted in higher than 40 GHz, and coupling coefficients were larger than 0.6.
Intelligent Monitoring? …. Add Borehole Gravity Measurements! (2006)

Borehole Gravity Measurement (BHGM) tools have been available for several decades, but until now, widespread applications were not possible. The current BHGM tools are too bulky to be run in almost any well without pulling the tubing. In addition, BHGM tools are limited to vertical wells and the existing sensors fall short on stability for permanent installation.BHGM tools could be very useful for reservoir and production monitoring. First, the depth of investigation is enormous when compared to many other measurements. Advancing flood fronts, not only gas-water but even oil-water, could be detected from a distance of tens, hundreds or even beyond thousand feet from a well, if suitable BHGM sensors were available. Second, only very few parameters are needed to convert the raw gravity measurements, via a bulk density, to the main output: saturation. This avoids the challenges with several special parameters which are needed to arrive at saturation when using resistivity logs. Third, the interpretation models are simple: for gravity interpretation Newton's laws are perfectly adequate, while for resistivity and acoustic measurements, research on response functions is still ongoing.We have modelled the response of BHGM tools in a number of typical Saudi Arabian conditions, including advancing oil/water fronts, coning and near well bore monitoring, proving the significant potential for BHGM technology. Hence, as there is a need for improved production and reservoir monitoring, further BHGM development becomes very attractive.From an analysis of current day gravity sensors, several possible further development routes can be painted, each with its own advantages. It is clear that if our industry desires additional monitoring capabilities, it will be relatively simple to achieve intelligent monitoring by selecting the most appropriate route and developing those BHGM sensors, tools and related systems.
A 0.6V resistance-locked loop embedded digital low dropout regulator in 40nm CMOS with 77% power supply rejection improvement (2013)

Conventional analog low dropout regulators suffer from serious degradations in its bandwidth, PSR, and regulation performance under sub-1V operation. The proposed digital LDO with the embedded resistance-locked loop (RLL) controller fabricated in 40nm CMOS process can still correctly regulate the output voltage to 0.4 V even when the input voltage scales down to 0.6V. Besides, maximum load current reaches 200mA and the switching noise suppression can be effectively improved by 77% compared to the state-of-the-art digital LDOs.
Assessing dependability of safety critical systems using diverse evidence (1998)

A primary objective of the DATUM (Dependability Assessment of safety critical systems Through the Unification of Measurable evidence) project was to improve the way dependability of software intensive safety-critical systems was assessed. The authors&apos; hypothesis was that improvements were possible if multiple types of evidence could be incorporated. To achieve the objective, the authors had to investigate how to obtain improved dependability predictions given certain specific information over and above failure data alone. A framework for modelling uncertainty and combining diverse evidence was provided in such a way that it could be used to represent an entire argument about a system&apos;s dependability. The various methods and technologies for modelling uncertainty were examined in depth and a Bayesian approach was selected as the most appropriate method. To implement this approach for combining evidence, Bayesian Belief Networks (BBNs) were used. With the help of a BBN tool, a framework for dependability assessment was provided that met the original objective and which was subsequently proved to be practical and highly popular. A major benefit of this approach was that otherwise hidden assumptions used in an assessment become visible and auditable.
Inhibitors directed to binding domains in neutrophil elastase (1990)

Human neutrophil elastase (HNE) can be inhibited by unsaturated fatty acids, including oleic acid [Ashe, B. M., & Zimmerman, M. (1977) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 75, 194-199; Cook, L., & Ternai, B. (1988) Biol. Chem. Hoppe-Seyler 369, 627-631], but is not affected by saturated fatty acids. We have shown that the interaction of oleic acid with HNE can be characterized by two apparent inhibitory modes: a high-affinity mode (Ki = 48 +/- 3 nM), resulting in partial noncompetitive inhibition (87% residual activity), and a competitive inhibitory mode of lower affinity (Ki = 16 +/- 1 microM). Binding of oleate in the high-affinity mode induces a blue shift in the endogenous fluorescence arising from the tryptophan residues in HNE. This shift is maximal in the presence of 1 microM oleate; higher concentrations of fatty acid have no further effect on the fluorescence spectrum. The negatively charged fluorescent ester of oleic acid and hydroxypyrenetrisulfonate (HPTSoleate) interacts with HNE at an apparent single site (Ki = 44 +/- 3 nM), resulting in competitive inhibition. A blue shift in the emission maximum of the pyrene fluorescence at 410 nm and a decrease in the ratio of the intensities of the maximum at 388 and 410 nm indicate that upon binding to HNE the environment of the pyrene ring in HPTSoleate becomes more hydrophobic.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Communication quantization for data-parallel training of deep neural networks (2016)

We study data-parallel training of deep neural networks on high-performance computing infrastructure. The key problem with scaling data-parallel training is avoiding severe communication/computation imbalance. We explore quantizing gradient updates before communication to reduce bandwidth requirements and compare it against a baseline implementation that uses the MPI allreduce routine. We port two existing quantization approaches, one-bit and threshold, and develop our own adaptive quantization algorithm. The performance of these algorithms is evaluated and compared with MPI_Allreduce when training models for the MNIST dataset and on a synthetic benchmark. On an HPC system, MPI_Allreduce outperforms the existing quantization approaches. Our adaptive quantization is comparable or superior for large layers without sacrificing accuracy. It is 1.76 times faster than the next best approach for the largest layers in our benchmark and achieves near-linear speedup in data-parallel training.
Prefabricated Flexible Conductive Composite Overlay for Active Deicing and Snow Melting (2018)

This study aims to develop a new self-deicing technology that can clear ice/snow with high efficiency and achieve rapid assembly on site. A prefabricated flexible conductive composite overlay for active deicing and snow melting is put forward. The overlay consists of three layers, including (1) a functional layer where carbon-fiber heating wires (CFHWs) are distributed in a polyurethane rubber sheet, (2) gravel bonded to the upper surface of the functional layer by epoxy resin as a wear layer, and (3) aluminum foil film adhered to the lower surface of the functional layer by pressure-sensitive adhesive as a heat-insulating layer. Experiments were performed to test the mechanical properties (e.g., flexibility, durability, and skid resistance) and snow-melting performance. The results indicate its mechanical properties meet the road performance requirements. This overlay can be used as a temperature-adjusting overlay that can effectively overcome the influence of ice and snow on pavement structures and road safety. Meanwhile, its flexibility makes it easy to carry and make an assembled pavement that is friendly to both old and new pavements.
Fast Polarization and Finite-Length Scaling for Non-Stationary Channels. (2016)

We consider the problem of polar coding for transmission over a non-stationary sequence of independent binary-input memoryless symmetric (BMS) channels $\left\{W_i\right\}_{i=1}^{\infty}$, where the $i$-th encoded bit is transmitted over $W_i$. We show, for the first time, a polar coding scheme that achieves the effective average symmetric capacity $$ \overline{I}(\left\{W_i\right\}_{i=1}^{\infty}) := \lim_{N\rightarrow \infty} \frac{1}{N}\sum_{i=1}^N I(W_i), $$ assuming that the limit exists. The polar coding scheme is constructed using Arikan's channel polarization transformation in combination with certain permutations at each polarization level and certain skipped operations. This guarantees a fast polarization process that results in polar coding schemes with block lengths upper bounded by a polynomial of $1/\epsilon$, where $\epsilon$ is the gap to the average capacity. More specifically, given an arbitrary sequence of BMS channels $\left\{W_i\right\}_{i=1}^{N}$ and $P_e$, where $0 < P_e <1$, we construct a polar code of length $N$ and rate $R$ guaranteeing a block error probability of at most $P_e$ for transmission over $\left\{W_i\right\}_{i=1}^{N}$ such that $$ N \leq \frac{\kappa}{(\overline{I}_N - R)^{\mu}} $$ where $\mu$ is a constant, $\kappa$ is a constant depending on $P_e$ and $\mu$, and $\overline{I}_N$ is the average of the symmetric capacities $I(W_i)$, for $i=1,2,,\dots,N$. We further show a numerical upper bound on $\mu$ that is: $\mu \leq 10.78$. The encoding and decoding complexities of the constructed polar code preserves $O(N \log N)$ complexity of Arikan's polar codes.
A novel rood-diamond search algorithm for fast block motion estimation (2002)

Search patterns and the center-biased characteristics of motion vector distribution (MVD) have large impact on both searching speed and quality of block motion estimation. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm using a rood-shaped search pattern as the initial step and large/small diamond search patterns as the subsequent steps for fast block motion estimation (BME). The rood-shaped pattern is to fit the rood-center-biased MVD characteristics of the real-world sequences by evaluating the 9 relatively higher probable candidates located as a rood-shaped pattern at the search-grid center. The proposed rood-diamond search algorithm (RDS) employs halfway-stop technique and could find small motion vectors with fewer points than the diamond search algorithm (DS) while maintains similar or even better quality. The speedup improvement of RDS over DS can be up to 40% Simulations show that RDS is much more robust. provides faster searching speed and smaller distortions than other fast algorithms.
Content sharing in mobile P2P networks: myth or reality? (2006)

Peer-to-Peer (P2P) networks have altered the landscape of content distribution in the internet. P2P content sharing is getting more and more popular, especially among the young people who have grown up in the Napster era. The recent developments in mobile technology have also opened room for deployment of novel P2P content sharing services in mobile networks. In this paper, we propose a new architecture of a Mobile Peer-to-Peer (MP2P) resource sharing system. The system transports P2P control traffic in Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) messages. It can be implemented in the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), making it interoperable and compliant with modern third generation cellular networks. In order to verify the proposed architecture, we implemented a MP2P content sharing system. The results of the conducted trial are encouraging.
Multimodal Video Indexing and Retrieval Using Directed Information (2011)

We propose a novel framework for multimodal video indexing and retrieval using shrinkage optimized directed information assessment (SODA) as similarity measure. The directed information (DI) is a variant of the classical mutual information which attempts to capture the direction of information flow that videos naturally possess. It is applied directly to the empirical probability distributions of both audio-visual features over successive frames. We utilize RASTA-PLP features for audio feature representation and SIFT features for visual feature representation. We compute the joint probability density functions of audio and visual features in order to fuse features from different modalities. With SODA, we further estimate the DI in a manner that is suitable for high dimensional features <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</i> and small sample size <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</i> (large <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</i> small <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</i> ) between pairs of video-audio modalities. We demonstrate the superiority of the SODA approach in video indexing, retrieval, and activity recognition as compared to the state-of-the-art methods such as hidden Markov models (HMM), support vector machine (SVM), cross-media indexing space (CMIS), and other noncausal divergence measures such as mutual information (MI). We also demonstrate the success of SODA in audio and video localization and indexing/retrieval of data with missaligned modalities.
Use of the single radial immunodiffusion test as a replacement for the NIH mouse potency test for rabies vaccine. (1986)

The method currently recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the potency assay of rabies vaccine is the NIH mouse potency test, a highly variable test requiring large numbers of animals. The Single Radial Immunodiffusion (SRID) test, an in vitro test, has been used successfully for the quantitation of hemagglutinin in inactivated influenza vaccine and is being evaluated for its utility as an assay for the rabies virus glycoprotein, considered to be the major protective antigen, of rabies vaccine. Potency values calculated using the SRID test were compared with those calculated using the NIH test for rabies vaccines produced in cell culture. The within-test variability was significantly lower with the SRID test but the potency values were generally higher than those from the NIH test. Vaccines which assay below the minimum acceptable potency value (2.5 International Units/ml) in the NIH test generally gave values above that level in the SRID test. The implications of these results on rabies vaccine control testing are discussed.
The treatment of hypersensitive cervical abrasion cavities using ASPA cement (1981)

This study evaluated the usefulness of the alumino-silicate polyacrylate (ASPA) or glass ionomer cement in the treatment of hypersensitive cervical abrasion cavities. Various methods of treatment of hypersensitive cervical abrasion cavities have been described, and all these methods have their disadvantages. The ASPA cement was used to treat non-carious hypersensitive cervical abrasion cavities in 189 teeth from fifty-eight adult patients. The patients were followed-up for periods ranging from 6-15 months. Of the 189 treated teeth, the ASPA restoration was intact in 163 or 86.2%. Seventeen teeth or 9.0% had partial loss of the restorations and nine or 4.8% had complete loss of restorations. With regard to symptoms, 176 or 93.1% of the treated teeth were no longer sensitive to stimuli from the oral cavity following placement of the ASPA restoration. Of the fifty-eight patients, fifty-two or 89.7% were completely relieved of all symptoms. Of the remaining teeth eleven or 5.8% reported a reduction in the severity of the symptoms. Only one patient, with both restorations lost, reported no improvement. No case of pulpal death was recorded, and there was no evidence of caries at the margin of any of the restorations. The results indicate that the method is effective, and it has some distinct advantages over existing methods of treatment of these cavities.