gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ribosomal pausing during translation of an RNA pseudoknot. (1993)

The genomic RNA of the coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus contains an efficient ribosomal frameshift signal which comprises a heptanucleotide slippery sequence followed by an RNA pseudoknot structure. The presence of the pseudoknot is essential for high-efficiency frameshifting, and it has been suggested that its function may be to slow or stall the ribosome in the vicinity of the slippery sequence. To test this possibility, we have studied translational elongation in vitro on mRNAs engineered to contain a well-defined pseudoknot-forming sequence. Insertion of the pseudoknot at a specific location within the influenza virus PB1 mRNA resulted in the production of a new translational intermediate corresponding to the size expected for ribosomal arrest at the pseudoknot. The appearance of this protein was transient, indicating that it was a true paused intermediate rather than a dead-end product, and mutational analysis confirmed that its appearance was dependent on the presence of a pseudoknot structure within the mRNA. These observations raise the possibility that a pause is required for the frameshift process. The extent of pausing at the pseudoknot was compared with that observed at a sequence designed to form a simple stem-loop structure with the same base pairs as the pseudoknot. This structure proved to be a less effective barrier to the elongating ribosome than the pseudoknot and in addition was unable to direct efficient ribosomal frameshifting, as would be expected if pausing plays an important role in frameshifting. However, the stem-loop was still able to induce significant pausing, and so this effect alone may be insufficient to account for the contribution of the pseudoknot to frameshifting.
Soft handoff on the paging channel in cdma2000 (2003)

cdma2000 is one of the proposals currently being reviewed for the 3G systems. This paper addresses one of the areas of improvement of cdma2000 over the IS-95A/B based systems-the reliability of the paging channel. It analyzes the effects of putting the paging channel in soft handoff both from a physical layer, and a network perspective.
High coercivity and high wear resistance γ-Fe2O3 thin films (1995)

High coercivity and high wear resistance γ-Fe2O3 thin films are described, which were prepared by bias sputtering followed by heat treatments. The coercivity, squareness ratio, and wear resistance of the films were increased by applying a negative bias voltage of about −60 V to the substrate. The improvements in magnetic and mechanical properties are attributed to the enhanced ion irradiation which increased both the internal strain of the films and the strength with which the films adhered to the substrates. When the bias voltage was too low (−180 V), many cracks appeared in the film and this resulted in low coercivity and poor wear resistance.
A Model of Cloud Based Application Environment for Software Testing (2010)

Cloud computing is an emerging platform of service computing designed for swift and dynamic delivery of assured computing resources. Cloud computing provide Service-Level Agreements (SLAs) for guaranteed uptime availability for enabling convenient and on-demand network access to the distributed and shared computing resources. Though the cloud computing paradigm holds its potential status in the field of distributed computing, cloud platforms are not yet to the attention of majority of the researchers and practitioners. More specifically, still the researchers and practitioners community has fragmented and imperfect knowledge on cloud computing principles and techniques. In this context, one of the primary motivations of the work presented in this paper is to reveal the versatile merits of cloud computing paradigm and hence the objective of this work is defined to bring out the remarkable significances of cloud computing paradigm through an application environment. In this work, a cloud computing model for software testing is developed.
Surface Impregnation Combustion Method to Prepare Nanostructured Metallic Catalysts without Further Reduction: As-Burnt Co/SiO<sub>2</sub> Catalysts for Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis (2011)

A series of the as-burnt supported metallic catalysts (Co/SiO2) were prepared by a novel surface impregnation combustion method using cobalt nitrates (noted as M) and citric acid (noted as CA), and burnt in the argon atmosphere. H2 and CH4 which were derived from the decomposition of the CA, acted as the reducing agents for synthesizing metallic Co from Co2+ in the chelated compounds. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns revealed that all the as-burnt catalysts with different M/CA molar ratios were converted into Co and CoO species supported on SiO2 (Q-50). The as-burnt catalyst C1.5, with M/CA = 1/1.5, was almost fully converted to metallic Co species and amorphous carbon supported on SiO2. With increase of the content of CA in the initial precursors, the reduction degree of the as-burnt catalysts which was measured by temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) and the dispersion of metallic cobalt increased gradually. The as-burnt catalysts were used directly in slurry-phase Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) without further reduction. The effects of M/CA molar ratios on the properties of the as-burnt catalysts were studied by TG-DTA measurement in the argon atmosphere, XRD, FT-IR, Raman spectrum, TPR, H2-chemisorption, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The amount of amorphous carbon left in the as-burnt catalysts was measured by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis and TG-DTA measurement in air. Comparing with the Co/SiO2 catalyst prepared by the conventional impregnation method (noted as CN) which was followed by 10 h reduction at 723 K in hydrogen, the CO conversion of the as-burnt Co/SiO2 catalyst (without reduction) with M/CA = 1/1 was almost 3-fold of that of the catalyst CN. This surface impregnation autocombustion method may open a new way to prepare metallic catalysts without further reduction, especially the catalysts which were difficult to be reduced at higher temperature.
Archives of Dermatology (1969)

FOUNDING of the predecessors of theArchives of Dermatologyand the New York Dermatological Society are closely interwoven. Formation of the New York Dermatological Society in 1869 was followed by publication of the first American dermatological journal in 1870 by one of its members, Dr. Morris, H. Henry. This quarterly entitled the American Journal of Syphilography and Dermatology (Fig 1) existed for three years and contained a considerable proportion of articles authored by European dermatologists, reflecting the continental training in dermatology which was then usual for American physicians who wished to receive a postgraduate education. However, the first American dermatological journal was not far behind European publications as the world's first dermatological journal, Giornale Italiano Delle Malattie Venere e Delle Pelle , was first published in Milan in 1866. This was shortly followed by the Journal of Cutaneous Medicine in England. The German Archiv fur Dermatologie und Syphilis appeared in 1869,
DSTRIDE: data-cache miss-address-based stride prefetching scheme for multimedia processors (2001)

Prefetching reduces cache miss latency by moving data up in memory hierarchy before they are actually needed. Recent hardware-based stride prefetching techniques mostly rely on the processor pipeline information (e.g. program counter and branch prediction table) for prediction. Continuing developments in processor microarchitecture drastically change core pipeline design and require that existing hardware-based stride prefetching techniques be adapted to the evolving new processor architectures. In this paper we present a new hardware-based stride prefetching technique, called DStride, that is independent of processor pipeline design changes. In this new design, the first-level data cache miss address stream is used for the stride prediction. The miss addresses are separated into load stream and store stream to increase the efficiency of the predictor. They are checked separately against the recent miss address stream to detect the strides. The detected steady strides are maintained in a table that also performs look-ahead stride prefetching when the processor stride reference rate is higher than the prefetch request service rate. We evaluated our design with multimedia workloads using execution-driven simulation with SimpleScalar toolset. Our experiments show that DStride is very effective in reducing overall pipeline stalls due to cache miss latency, especially for stride-intensive applications such as multimedia workloads.
Evaluation of a hepatocyte‐entrapment hollow fiber bioreactor: A potential bioartificial liver (1993)

We have developed a hepatocyte entrapment hollow fiber bioreactor for potential use as a bioartificial liver. Hepatocytes were entrapped in collagen gel inside the lumen of the hollow fibers. Medium was perfused through the intraluminal region after contraction of the hepatocyte-entrapment gel. Another medium stream, comparable to the patient's blood during clinical application, passed through the extracapillary space. Viability of hepatocytes remained high after 5 days as judged by the rate of oxygen uptake and viability staining. Urea and albumin synthetic activities were also sustained. Transmission electron microscopic examination demonstrated normal ultrastructural integrity of hepatocytes in such a bioreactor. With its sort-term, extracorporeal support of acute liver failure, the current bioreactor warrants further investigation.
Synthesis of well-defined carboxyl poly(ε-caprolactone) by fine-tuning the protection group (2016)

Carboxyl functionalized polycaprolactone with a well-defined structure was synthesized <italic>via</italic> ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of substituted caprolactone monomer and acidic hydrolysis.
Discovery of a Selective and CNS Penetrant Negative Allosteric Modulator of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Subtype 3 with Antidepressant and Anxiolytic Activity in Rodents (2015)

Previous preclinical work has demonstrated the therapeutic potential of antagonists of the group II metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlus). Still, compounds that are selective for the individual group II mGlus (mGlu2 and mGlu3) have been scarce. There remains a need for such compounds with the balance of properties suitable for convenient use in a wide array of rodent behavioral studies. We describe here the discovery of a selective mGlu3 NAM 106 (VU0650786) suitable for in vivo work. Compound 106 is a member of a series of 5-aryl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine-4(5H)-one compounds originally identified as a mGlu5 positive allosteric modulator (PAM) chemotype. Its suitability for use in rodent behavioral models has been established by extensive in vivo PK studies, and the behavioral experiments presented here with compound 106 represent the first examples in which an mGlu3 NAM has demonstrated efficacy in models where prior efficacy had previously been noted with nonselective group II antagonists.
Prostate Pathology of Genetically Engineered Mice: Definitions and Classification. The Consensus Report from the Bar Harbor Meeting of the Mouse Models of Human Cancer Consortium Prostate Pathology Committee (2004)

The Pathological Classification of Prostate Lesions in Genetically Engineered Mice (GEM) is the result of a directive from the National Cancer Institute Mouse Models of Human Cancer Consortium Prostate Steering Committee to provide a hierarchical taxonomy of disorders of the mouse prostate to facilitate classification of existing and newly created mouse models and the translation to human prostate pathology. The proposed Bar Harbor Classification system is the culmination of three meetings and workshops attended by various members of the Prostate Pathology Committee of the Mouse Models of Human Cancer Consortium. A 2-day Pathology Workshop was held at The Jackson Laboratory in Bar Harbor, Maine, in October 2001, in which study sets of 93 slides from 22 GEM models were provided to individual panel members. The comparison of mouse and human prostate anatomy and disease demonstrates significant differences and considerable similarities that bear on the interpretation of the origin and natural history of their diseases. The recommended classification of mouse prostate pathology is hierarchical, and includes developmental, inflammatory, benign proliferative, and neoplastic disorders. Among the neoplastic disorders, preinvasive, microinvasive, and poorly differentiated neoplasms received the most attention. Specific criteria were recommended and will be discussed. Transitions between neoplastic states were of particular concern. Preinvasive neoplasias of the mouse prostate were recognized as focal, atypical, and progressive lesions. These lesions were designated as mouse prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (mPIN). Some atypical lesions were identified in mouse models without evidence of progression to malignancy. The panel recommended that mPIN lesions not be given histological grades, but that mPIN be further classified as to the absence or presence of documented associated progression to invasive carcinoma. Criteria for recognizing microinvasion, for classification of invasive gland-forming adenocarcinomas, and for characterizing poorly differentiated tumors, including neuroendocrine carcinomas, were developed and are discussed. The uniform application of defined terminology is essential for correlating results between different laboratories and models. It is recommended that investigators use the Bar Harbor Classification system when characterizing new GEM models or when conducting experimental interventions that may alter the phenotype or natural history of lesion progression in existing models.
A new method for adaptive time delay estimation for non-Gaussian signals (1990)

A novel adaptive scheme for time delay estimation is introduced for signal environments where the signal is non-Gaussian and the additive noise sources are spatially correlated Gaussian with unknown power spectrum characteristics. This scheme is based on parametric modeling between two sensor measurements and employs higher-order statistics (third- or fourth-order) of the data. It is demonstrated by means of extensive simulations that this scheme works well for both stationary and nonstationary cases. As expected, it outperforms the cross-correlation-based gradient method for time-delay adaptation in spatially correlated Gaussian noises. The proposed scheme is compared to the overdetermined recursive instrumental variable method and is shown to exhibit substantially less computational complexity.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Multimodal IMS Services: The Adaptive Keyword Spotting Interaction Paradigm (2005)

The Adaptive Keyword Spotting Interaction (AKSI) paradigm presented in this paper is an algorithm for speech command selection in multimodal applications. An architecture implementing AKSI algorithm within IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) services design framework is proposed. This architecture uses a SIP/Speech proxy (called Multimodal Enabler) to extract keywords from client applications downloaded to the Mobile Station, based on a set of interaction rules. Keywords are emphasized in the presentation, thus providing an indication on the words to use in speech commands. Synchronization of client application and Speech Interaction Manager is achieved by invoking a call-back method which triggers presentation’s update according to current application context. For unrecognized speech commands, the Multimodal Enabler uses a TTS module to synthesize speech dialogues/prompts which either ask the user to select a command from a given set, and/or to repeat his command.
Leaky streams: Identifying variable bitrate DASH videos streamed over encrypted 802.11n connections (2016)

In recent years, Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) has become the primary method to deliver video on the Internet, with Netflix currently leading the industry. Thus, any method to determine the content of a wireless Netflix stream presents a potential privacy concern for the entire DASH industry. In this paper, we demonstrate that it is possible to identify the Netflix video being streamed over an encrypted 802.11n connection with high accuracy in less than five minutes. Moreover, our technique works in scenarios where it is difficult to capture data frames due to a wireless access point's use of enhancements such as beamforming and multi-input/multi-output transmission.
Permeation of atmospheric gases through polymer O‐rings used in flasks for air sampling (2004)

Permeation of various gases through elastomeric O‐ring seals can have important effects on the integrity of atmospheric air samples collected in flasks and measured some time later. Depending on the materials and geometry of flasks and valves and on partial pressure differences between sample and surrounding air, the concentrations of different components of air can be significantly altered during storage. The influence of permeation is discussed for O 2 /N 2 , Ar/N 2 , CO 2 , δ 13 C in CO 2 , and water vapor. Results of sample storage tests for various flask and valve types and different storage conditions are presented and are compared with theoretical calculations. Effects of permeation can be reduced by maintaining short storage times and small partial pressure differences and by using a new valve design that buffers exchange of gases with surrounding air or by using less permeable materials (such as Kel‐F) as sealing material. General awareness of possible permeation effects helps to achieve more reliable measurements of atmospheric composition with flask sampling techniques.
Bug/drug resistance. Sometimes less is more. (1989)

Increased use of antibiotics in any community increases the risks that future bacterial strains will resist the effects of current antibiotics. The consequences of a resistant bacterial strain include costs for more expensive and powerful drugs, additional hospital days, and on rare occasion, death. A key to understanding the importance of this problem is better knowledge about the rate that resistance increases and persists as antibiotic use rates increase. Using the scant evidence available in the literature, this study conducts a sensitivity analysis to calculate the unrecognized costs of antibiotic use annually in the United States under various possible circumstances. For the estimated 150 million annual antibiotic prescriptions, the unrecognized costs appears to be at least $.1 billion, and they may exceed $30 billion in the worst case. The estimates of the burden caused by bacterial resistance to antibiotics depend heavily on unknown parameters, including the rate that resistance occurs, the dose-resistance patterns through time, the frequency of inappropriate use of antibiotics, and the frequency with which death occurs due to a resistant bacterial infection. New studies in each of these areas are needed to improve our understanding of the extent of the resistance problem.
Oxidative Unzipping and Transformation of High Aspect Ratio Boron Nitride Nanotubes into “White Graphene Oxide” Platelets (2016)

Morphological and chemical transformations in boron nitride nanotubes under high temperature atmospheric conditions is probed in this study. We report atmospheric oxygen induced cleavage of boron nitride nanotubes at temperatures exceeding 750 °C for the first time. Unzipping is then followed by coalescence of these densely clustered multiple uncurled ribbons to form stacks of 2D sheets. FTIR and EDS analysis suggest these 2D platelets to be Boron Nitride Oxide platelets, with analogous structure to Graphene Oxide, and therefore we term them as "White Graphene Oxide" (WGO). However, not all BNNTs deteriorate even at temperatures as high as 1000 °C. This leads to the formation of a hybrid nanomaterial system comprising of 1D BN nanotubes and 2D BN oxide platelets, potentially having advanced high temperature sensing, radiation shielding, mechanical strengthening, electron emission and thermal management applications due to synergistic improvement of multi-plane transport and mechanical properties. This is the first report on transformation of BNNT bundles to a continuous array of White Graphene Oxide nanoplatelet stacks.
Network Model for the Human Middle Ear (1988)

The purpose of this work is to offer a contribution to network modelling of the human middle ear. The model proposed has been successfully adapted to the following empirical frequency characteristics: 1) stapes displacement per unit sound pressure at the eardrum, 2) sound pressure increase from ear canal entrance to the tympanic membrane, 3) acoustic impedance at the eardrum for a normal ear, an otosclerotic ear, and an ear with interrupted incudo-stapedial joint. The acoustical energy reflectance at the eardrum, as calculated from a model of the ear canal when terminated by the middle ear model, agrees reasonably well with experimental data up to about 12 kHz. Satisfactory agreement between model results and experimental data has also been achieved for the sound pressure transformation in the middle ear. Stapedius muscle contraction is simulated by changing a single parameter. It is concluded that further progress in middle ear model development requires a strengthening of the empirical basis.
Design of a Robust Maximum Likelihood Pitch Estimator for Speech in Additive Noise. (1979)

Abstract : Using the maximum likelihood technique an algorithm is developed for the extraction of pitch for speech that has been corrupted by additive noise. The speech model includes the effects of pitch periodicity and the spectral envelope which results in a processing structure that consists of a noise suppression prefilter in cascade with a comb filter bank estimator-correlator. The prefilter attenuates those frequency bands where the speech signal-to-noise ratio is low, hence most of the deleterious noise is rejected prior to the determination of pitch by the comb filter bank correlator. The comb filter interpretation leads to an implementation of the correlation function which avoids the problem of anomalous pitch errors due to the effects of windowing and formant sidelobe interaction which obviates the need for any type of spectral flattening. Pitch ambiguities are resolved using a majority logic scoring algorithm and a carefully designed pitch tracker that can adapt rapidly to gross pitch variations. The voiced/unvoiced decision is based on an adaptive minimum energy threshold, a high/low band energy measurement, a normalized pitch correlation coefficient and a pitch track continuity coefficient. A time domain implementation of the algorithm that runs in real time in conjunction with an LPC analysis/synthesis system at 2400 bps is described. (Author)
Phase I trial of oral vorinostat (suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, SAHA) in patients with advanced multiple myeloma (2008)

A Phase I trial (NCT00109109) of oral vorinostat 200, 250 or 300 mg twice daily for 5 days/week/4-week cycle or 200, 300, or 400 mg twice daily for 14 days/3-week cycle until progressive disease or intolerable toxicity was conducted. Patients with measurable, relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma were eligible. The objectives were to determine maximum tolerated doses (MTDs) and assess activity and safety. Thirteen patients (median age, 63 years; median prior therapies, 3) were enrolled. MTDs were not determined due to early study termination by sponsor decision. One patient (250 mg twice daily 5 days/week) developed dose-limiting toxicity (DLT; grade 3 fatigue). There were no other DLTs and the maximum administered doses were 250 mg twice daily for 5 days/week/4-week cycle and 200 mg twice daily for 14 days/3-week cycle. Drug-related adverse experiences included fatigue, anorexia, dehydration, diarrhea, and nausea and were mostly grade <or=2. Of 10 evaluable patients, 1 had a minimal response and 9 had stable disease, demonstrating modest single-agent activity in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma.