gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Coordination of multiple behaviors acquired by a vision-based reinforcement learning (2002)

A method is proposed which accomplishes a whole task consisting of plural subtasks by coordinating multiple behaviors acquired by a vision-based reinforcement learning. First, individual behaviors which achieve the corresponding subtasks are independently acquired by Q-learning, a widely used reinforcement learning method. Each learned behavior can be represented by an action-value function in terms of state of the environment and robot action. Next, three kinds of coordinations of multiple behaviors are considered; simple summation of different action-value functions, switching action-value functions according to situations, and learning with previously obtained action-value functions as initial values of a new action-value function. A task of shooting a ball into the goal avoiding collisions with an enemy is examined. The task can be decomposed into a ball shooting subtask and a collision avoiding subtask. These subtasks should be accomplished simultaneously, but they are not independent of each other.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Postdeposition annealing of radio frequency magnetron sputtered ZnO films (1996)

Zinc oxide (ZnO) films have been deposited on 1 μm SiO2/Si (100) substrates by rf magnetron sputtering. Using a sputtering gas of pure oxygen, a pressure regime is found in which the ZnO films grow on room temperature substrates with a single (0001) orientation, small grains (crystallite sizes ∼10–15 nm), and high intrinsic biaxial compressive stress (∼6 GPa). The effects of post-deposition annealing these films in air was investigated over a range of temperatures (200–1000 °C) and durations (2–2000 min). Annealing resulted in lower biaxial compressive stresses and increased average crystallite sizes in all films. Additional ZnO grain orientations were detected only after annealing above 500 °C for longer than 90 min, and the results are interpreted in terms of film recrystallization. Consequently, a relatively rapid thermal anneal at 1000 °C for 5 min caused grain recovery without recrystallization, resulting in maximum stress reduction (90%–100% of stress was relieved and average crystallized size tripled) while maintaining the original film orientation. The film surface area—measured by atomic force microscopy—decreased by up to 25% during annealing. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results indicate that although the surfaces of as-deposited films have a slight excess of oxygen, annealing as low as 200 °C results in a stoichiometric ZnO surface. High values of electrical resistivity (∼105 Ω cm) measured across the thickness of unannealed oriented films indicate low levels of elemental zinc clusters in the film bulk.
Curb reconstruction using Conditional Random Fields (2010)

This paper presents a generic framework for curb detection and reconstruction in the context of driver assistance systems. Based on a 3D point cloud, we estimate the parameters of a 3D curb model, incorporating also the curb adjacent surfaces, e.g. street and sidewalk. We apply an iterative two step approach. First, the measured 3D points, e.g., obtained from dense stereo vision, are assigned to the curb adjacent surfaces using loopy belief propagation on a Conditional Random Field. Based on this result, we reconstruct the surfaces and in particular the curb. Our system is not limited to straight-line curbs, i.e. it is able to deal with curbs of different curvature and varying height. The proposed algorithm runs in real-time on our demonstrator vehicle and is evaluated in urban real-world scenarios. It yields highly accurate results even for low curbs up to 20m distance.
Content protection technology for a novel removable drive (2005)

We developed specifications for a new type of removable storage medium called an information versatile disk for removable usage. The objects of these specifications range from the physical layer to the application layer in order to achieve the interoperability among various appliances. This paper describes a security architecture to control content utilization, a logical format based on the UDF file system, and an interface protocol applicable for AT attachment. The interface protocol conforms to the architecture and the format and is based on the public key infrastructure. It is applicable to systems based on superdistribution.
Stoffwechselprodukte von Mikroorganismen. 57. Mitteilung. Boromycin (1967)

Abstract A new strain of Streptomyces antibioticus (W AKSMAN et W OODRUFF ), ETH 28829, produces a novel antibiotic, boromycin, which appears to be the first well defined boron containing organic compound to have been found in nature. Boromycin is a complex of boric acid with a tetradentate organic complexing agent, that yields by hydrolysis D‐valine, boric acid, and a polyhydroxy compound of macrolide type.
Transfer function method of measuring in-duct acoustic properties. II. Experiment (1980)

This paper is the second of two papers describing the transfer function method of measuring in-duct acoustic properties. In the previous paper the theoretical formulae were developed. In this paper experimental results are presented to demonstrate the accuracy and the general utility of the method. Test results of the complex reflection coefficient, the complex acoustic impedance, and the transmission loss are found to agree well with theoretical predictions. The sound absorption coefficient was evaluated with both the new method and the conventional Standing-Wave-Ratio (SWR) method and the accuracy of the two results are found to be comparable. The new method, however, is about 40 times faster than the SWR method. Also included are experimental verifications of two methods for improving the transfer function estimate, namely the use of sensor switching for automatic system calibration and the use of coherence functions for signal enhancement.
A Comparison of Retorting and Supercritical Extraction Techniques on El-Lajjun Oil Shale (2000)

Abstract In this study, the use of nitrogen retorting, carbon dioxide retorting, supercritical CO2 extraction, and supercritical H2O are compared for oil yield, quality, and the types and amounts of compounds eluted from Jordanian El-Lajjun oil shale. Results show that supercritical H2O (SC-H2O) produces 50% higher yields than nitrogen retorting (R-N2) while releasing higher molecular weight materials through solvation and pyrolysis. The use of supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2) provides the greatest production of mid-distillate compounds while producing the lowest overall yield due to the lack of pyrolysis. Retorting using CO2 (R-CO2) provides a narrower molecular-weight distribution than N2 while improving the oil yield slightly. It is also established that shale oil can be extracted by supercritical fluid extraction that is operated at substantially lower temperatures, where solvation dominates pyrolysis as a predominant mechanistic step. The potential of El-Lajjun oil shale as a valuable energy source has also been analyzed. Keywords: Oil Shale Pyrolysis Retorting Solvation Supercritical Extraction
Modelling of mechanical properties of electrospun nanofibre network (2009)

Electrospun nanofibres are widely investigated as extra-cellular matrix for tissue engineering and biomedical applications. Little is understood on the deformation mechanics of spun fibre mats. A model is developed to predict the deformation behaviour of randomly-oriented electrospun nanofibre network/mats with the fibre-fibre fusion and van der Waals interaction. The nanofibres in the mat are represented by chains of beads; the interactions between the beads are described by bonded (stretch, bending and torsion) and non-bonded (van der Waals) potentials. Stress-strain curves and dynamics fracture are predicted by this model. The results show that the fibre-fibre fusion has a significant effect on the tensile strength of the mats. Increasing the number of fusion points in the mat results in an increase in strength, but over-fusion may lead to lower fracture energy. The predicted stress-strain relationships are consistent with the experimental results.
Vertical ladder climbing motion with posture control for multi-locomotion robot (2008)

This paper introduces a vertical ladder climbing of the humanoid robot only by the posture control without any external sensors. The humanoid robot does not have any special structure for fixing the body to the ladder. The robot maintains the body on the ladder by its grippers like human does. As a problem of this locomotion, a free gripper position of the climbing robot is not controllable because a yawing of the robot body around the axis connecting a supporting gripper and foot on the ladder is not fixed. To solve this problem, the momentum around AOY caused by the gravity is used to control the yaw motion of the body so that the various gait such as pace gait and trot gait could be realized in a ladder climbing maneuver. The algorithm of ladder climbing with recovery motion is experimentally verified by using ldquomulti-locomotion robot(MLR)rdquo which is developed to achieve various types of locomotion such as biped, quadruped walking and brachiation.
Homozygous deletions of methylthioadenosine phosphorylase in human biliary tract cancers (2005)

The p16(INK4A)/CDKN2A gene on chromosome 9p21 is a site of frequent allelic loss in human cancers, and in a subset of cases, homozygous deletions at this locus encompass the telomeric methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) gene. The MTAP gene product is the principal enzyme involved in purine synthesis via the salvage pathway, such that MTAP-negative cancers are solely dependent on de novo purine synthesis mechanisms. Inhibitors of the de novo pathway can then be used to selectively blockade purine synthesis in cancer cells while causing minimal collateral damage to normal cells. In this study, we determine that 10 of 28 (35%) biliary tract cancers show complete lack of Mtap protein expression. In vitro analysis using a selective inhibitor of the de novo purine synthesis pathway, L-alanosine, shows robust growth inhibition in MTAP-negative biliary cancer cell lines CAK-1 and GBD-1 accompanied by striking depletion of intracellular ATP and failure to rescue this depletion via addition of exogenous methylthioadenosine, the principal substrate of the MTAP gene product; in contrast, no significant effects were observed in MTAP-expressing HuCCT1 and SNU308 cell lines. Colony formation studies confirmed that L-alanosine reduced both number and size of CAK-1 colonies in soft agar assays. Knockdown of Mtap protein by RNA interference in L-alanosine-resistant HuCCT1 cells conferred sensitivity to this agent, confirming that intracellular Mtap protein levels determine response to L-alanosine. Inhibitors of de novo purine synthesis can be a potential mechanism-based strategy for treatment of biliary tract cancers, one third of which show complete loss of MTAP function.
An Update on Standards Activity for Txrf and the Challenges Ahead (1995)

Standards organizations active in surface analysis using TXRF and VPD/TXRF include: (a) American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), (b) Semiconductor Equipment and Materials International (SEMI), (c) Ultra Clean Society of Japan (UCS), and (d) International Standards Organization Technical Committee 201 (ISO TC/201). The standards activities are presently dynamic, and they are on an international scale, This paper provides an update on the status of these activities, and presents the challenges ahead yet to be resolved.
Vollständige Darstellung der turbulenten Geschwindigkeitsverteilung in glatten Leitungen (1951)

Abstract Auf Grund experimenteller Untersuchungen des turbulenten Austausches wurde eine Formel für die Geschwindigkeit turbulenter Strömungen in Rohren und Kanälen entwickelt. Diese Formel stellt die Geschwindigkeit über einem Halbmesser vollständig dar, d. h. sie gilt näherungsweise sowohl für die unmittelbare Wandnähe als auch für den mittleren Teil des Strömungsquerschnittes.
Test Methods for Composites: A Status Report. Volume 2. Compression Test Methods (1993)

This document embodies the results of an evaluation of current test methods for compression properties of composite materials consisting of high modules, high strength fibers in organic matrix materials. Mechanical testing is an important step in the 'building block' approach to design of composite aircraft structures. The document provides a source of information by which the current compression test methods for advanced composites can be evaluated and from which test methods which appear to give good-quality test data can be selected. Problems with the available compression test methods are also addressed as a means of providing recommendations for future research. Fiber reinforced materials, Fibrous composites, Graphite epoxy, Glass epoxy, Mechanical Testing, Tension testing.
Dual-targeted Contrast Agent for US Assessment of Tumor Angiogenesis in Vivo (2008)

http://radiology.rsnajnls.org/cgi/content/full/248/3/936/DC1.
Construction of GCCFG for inter-procedural optimizations in software managed manycore (SMM) architectures (2014)

Software Managed Manycore (SMM) architectures -- in which each core has only a scratch pad memory (instead of caches), -- are a promising solution for scaling memory hierarchy to hundreds of cores. However, in these architectures, the code and data of the tasks mapped to the cores must be explicitly managed in the software by the compiler. State-of-the-art compiler techniques for SMM architectures require inter-procedural information and analysis. A call graph of the program does not have enough information, and Global CFG, i.e., combining all the control flow graphs of the program has too much information, and becomes too big. As a result, most new techniques have informally defined and used GCCFG (Global Call Control Flow Graph) -- a whole program representation which captures the control-flow as well as function call information in a succinct way -- to perform inter-procedural analysis. However, how to construct it has not been shown yet. We find that for several simple call and control flow graphs, constructing GCCFG is relatively straightforward, but there are several cases in common applications where unique graph transformation is needed in order to formally and correctly construct the GCCFG. This paper fills this gap, and develops graph transformations to allow the construction of GCCFG in (almost) all cases. Our experiments show that by using succinct representation (GCCFG) rather than elaborate representation (GlobalCFG), the compilation time of state-of-the-art code management technique [4] can be improved by an average of 5X, and that of stack management [20] can be improved by an average of 4X.
Silver Nanoparticle Impregnated Polycarbonate Substrates for Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (2008)

Abstract The embedding of nanoscopic metal structures into polymeric matrices represents a convenient way to stabilise a controlled dispersion of protected nanoparticles whilst taking advantage of their physical characteristics. Supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO 2 ) has been used to produce silver nanoparticles in optically transparent polycarbonate (PC) matrices allowing fine scale dispersions of particles to be produced within a prefabricated polymer component. Characterization of these nanocomposites has been performed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and UV‐vis spectroscopy. The substrates give excellent responses in surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) for both 4‐aminothiophenol and rhodamine 6G target molecules. They offer significant benefits over more conventional SERS substrates in that they are cheap, flexible, mechanically robust and temporally stable. Post‐processing the films via simple etching techniques, provides an additional degree of design control and the potential to fabricate devices with unique excitation and detection geometries for a wide range of applications.
Synthesis and Electrochemical, Photophysical, and Anion Binding Properties of Self-Assembly Heterometallic Cyclophanes (2002)

A series of heterometallic cyclophanes have been prepared from self-assembly of cis-(dppf)M(H2O)2(OTf)2 (M = Pd or Pt) and BrRe(CO)3(L)2 with the general formula [cis-(dppf)M(μ-L)2Re(CO)3Br]2(OTf)4 (4: M = Pd, L = 4,4‘-bpy; 5: M = Pt, L = 4,4‘-bpy; 6: M = Pd, L = 1,2-(4‘-dipyridyl)acetylene (DPA); 7: M = Pd, L = 1,4-(4‘-dipyridyl)butadiyne (DPB); 8: M = Pt, L = DPB) or cis-(dppf)Pt(4-ethynylpyridine)2 and BrRe(CO)5 with the formula {[cis-(dppf)Pt(4-ethynylpyridyl)2](fac-Re(CO)3Br)}2 (10). These complexes have been characterized by a variety of analytical techniques including IR, NMR, elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The photophysical properties of these complexes have been examined in detail. Squares 4−8 exhibit room-temperature luminescence from lowest-lying triplet-centered metal to ligand charge transfer (3MLCT) excited states, albeit significantly weaker than that predicted on the basis of their excited state energies and the energy gap law. No luminescence was observed from the neutral square 10. Pd(II)- or Pt(II)-based oxidative quenching and energy transfer pathways from the emitting 3MLCT state to lower nonemissive excited states localized on the ferrocenyl moieties are invoked to explain the luminescence observations. Inorganic anion binding studies for squares 4−8 again reveal two different quenching pathways.
Improving vulnerability prediction accuracy with Secure Coding Standard violation measures (2016)

As the need of software has been increasing, the danger of malicious attacks against software has been worse. In order to fortify software systems against adversaries, researchers have devoted significant efforts on mitigating software vulnerabilities. To eliminate security vulnerabilities from software with lower inspection effort, vulnerability prediction approaches have been emerged. By allocating human and time resource on the potentially vulnerable subset, development organization could eliminate vulnerabilities in a cost effective manner. In the vulnerability prediction approaches, a vulnerability prediction model is constructed based on various software attributes. However, vulnerability prediction models based on the traditional software attributes have provided poor prediction accuracy or low cost effectiveness since the traditional software attributes are unable to reflect vulnerability characteristics sufficiently. In this paper, we propose a novel vulnerability prediction approach based on the CERT-C Secure Coding Standard. To evaluate the efficacy of the proposed approach, the prediction results of the suggested prediction models and other traditional models were assessed in terms of prediction accuracy and cost effectiveness. The results show that the proposed method can improve the vulnerability prediction accuracy.
Vimentin binding is critical for infection by the virulent strain of Japanese encephalitis virus (2011)

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, causes acute encephalitis with high mortality in humans. We used a pair of virulent (RP-9) and attenuated (RP-2ms) variants of JEV to pull down the cell surface molecules bound with JEV particle; their identities were revealed by LC-MS/MS analysis. One major protein bound with RP-9 and weakly with RP-2ms was identified as the intermediate filament protein vimentin. Infection of RP-9 but not that of RP-2ms was blocked by anti-vimentin antibodies and by recombinant-expressed vimentin proteins. Knockdown of vimentin expression reduced the levels of viral binding and viral production of RP-9, but not that of RP-2ms. The different vimentin dependency for JEV infection could be attributed to the major structural envelope protein, as the recombinant RP-9 with an E-E138K mutation became resistant to anti-vimentin blockage. Furthermore, RP-2ms mainly depended on cell surface glycosaminoglycans for viral binding and it became vimentin-dependent only when binding to glycosaminoglycans was blocked. Thus, we suggest that vimentin contributes to virulent JEV infection and might be a new target to intervene in this deadly infection.
Electron fly's eye lens artwork camera (1974)

The design of an electron beam artwork camera that records integrated-circuit patterns directly from computer circuit, design programs is discussed. The system produces artwork patterns covering a 1- by 1-in area with line edge definition of 0.5 µm and with capability for producing patterns at 3, 5, or 10 times scale. The electron beam pattern-recording is achieved through the use of a novel electron optical element-the electron fly's eye lens-an array of small electron lenses, each with its own deflection system. The complete pattern is recorded by electronic control of the electron beam, hence no mechanical motion. The patterns are recorded faster than possible with mechanically stepped photo-optical artwork systems. Pattern-to-pattern registration is insured by the use of the fly's eye lens and computer control to the deflection voltages.
Cardiac and vascular structural adaptation in experimental hypertension (1990)

Various colonies of the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) of the same age demonstrate different forms of the left ventricle (LV) in end-diastole. SHR from breeders in Australia and Switzerland exhibit concentrically hypertrophied LV, evident from an increased wall thickness to internal radius ratio (w/ri), while SHR from a Danish colony show an unchanged w/ri ratio, indicating eccentrically hypertrophied LV. These differences may be related to changes in arterial blood pressure and/or altered cardiac filling patterns. A more favourable situation seems to prevail for the eccentrically hypertrophied SHR heart compared with the concentrically hypertrophied heart, the former demonstrating enhanced cardiac function. Thus, an LV with increased diastolic diameter, as in the eccentrically hypertrophied SHR heart, can produce an elevated stroke volume for a given degree of myocardial shortening. In renal hypertension, however, LV function was depressed, probably due to a factor, possibly released upon clipping of the renal artery, that has inherent negative inotropic properties. Here, the reduction of LV performance could be explained neither by the changed LV geometrical design nor by the altered myocardial myosin isoenzyme pattern. At low aortic pressures and hence limited coronary perfusion, LV performance is attenuated in SHR and renal hypertensive rats, most likely due to the vascular structural changes within the coronary vascular bed.
Potato lectin: an updated model of a unique chimeric plant protein (2003)

Summary A complete cDNA encoding a potato tuber lectin has been identified and sequenced. Based on the deduced amino acid sequence, the still enigmatic molecular structure of the classical chimeric potato lectin could eventually be determined. Basically, the potato lectin consists of two nearly identical chitin‐binding modules, built up of two in‐tandem arrayed hevein domains that are interconnected by an extensin‐like domain of approximately 60 amino acid residues. Although this structure confirms the ‘canonical’ chimeric nature of the Solanaceae lectins, it differs fundamentally from all previously proposed models. The new insights in the structure are also discussed in view of the physiological role of the Solanaceae lectins.