gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Charge-Based CMOS Parallel Analog Vector Quantizer (1994)

We present an analog VLSI chip for parallel analog vector quantization. The MOSIS 2.0 μm double-poly CMOS Tiny chip contains an array of 16 x 16 charge-based distance estimation cells, implementing a mean absolute difference (MAD) metric operating on a 16-input analog&#13;\nvector field and 16 analog template vectors. The distance cell including dynamic template storage measures 60 x 78 μm^2. Additionally, the chip features a winner-take-all (WTA) output circuit of linear complexity, with global positive feedback for fast and decisive settling of a&#13;\nsingle winner output. Experimental results on the complete 16 x 16 VQ system demonstrate correct operation with 34 dB analog input dynamic range and 3 μsec cycle time at 0.7 mW power dissipation.
Peningkatan Prestasi Belajar Baca Tulis Al Qur’an Materi Hukum Bacaan Mad melalui Metode Drill (2017)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah metode drill dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar materi hukum bacaan mad pada siswa kelas V SD Secang 3 Kecamatan Secang Kabupaten Magelang tahun 2012. Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitan Tindakan Kelas. Subjek penelitan adalah seluruh siswa kelas V yang berjumlah 42 siswa. Pengumpulan data menggunakan dokumentasi dan observasi. Test analisa data menggunakan teknik analisis kuantitatif sekaligus kualitatif. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam tiga siklus dengan langkah-langkah (a) menyusun rencana, (b) pelaksanaan tindakan, (c) observasi dan (d) refleksi. Akhir refleksi pada siklus ketiga menunjukkan bahwa tujuan telah tercapai sehingga penelitian dihentikan pada siklus tiga. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode drill dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar pada materi hukum mad pada siswa Sekolah Dasar Negeri Secang 3 Kecamatan Secang Kabupaten Magelang tahun 2012. Peningkatan prestasi belajar siswa pada siklus I dengan ketuntasan 74 % dengan rata-rata nilai 68,6, siklus II dengan ketuntasan 93 % dengan rata-rata nilai 80, dan siklus III dengan ketuntasan 100 % dengan rata-rata nilai 85. Penelitian ini bermanfaat untuk guru sebagai masukan agar dapat memperbaiki metode pembelajaran sehingga prestasi belajar siswa kelas V Sekolah Dasar Negeri Secang 3 Kecamatan Secang Kabupaten Magelang tahun 2012 dapat meningkat. This study aims to determine whether the drill method can improve learning achievement of mad materials in class V SD Secang 3 of Magelang regency in 2012 or not. It is a Classroom Action Research. The research subjects are all students of class V. The data collects by documentation and observation. The data analysis uses both quantitative and qualitative. This research was conducted in three cycles with the steps (a) plan, (b) action, (c) observation and (d) reflection. The end of the reflection in the third cycle indicates that the objective has been achieved so that the study was stopped in three cycles. The results showed that the drill method can improve learning achievement in materials of mad at State Elementary School Secang 3 students. The increase in student achievement in the first cycle with completeness 74% with an average score of 68.6, the second cycle with completeness 93% with an average score of 80, and the third cycle with the completeness of 100% with an average score of 85. This research is helpful for teachers as input in order to improve teaching methods so class V student achievement of Secang 3 Public Elementary School can be improved. Kata kunci: drill, mad, sekolah dasar
The Effect of Commonality on Safety Stock in a Simple Inventory Model (1986)

We examine the effects of component commonality on optimal safety stock levels in a two-product, two-level inventory model. The criterion is to minimize system safety stock subject to a service level constraint. Although our model is specialized, its analysis provides insights not available in other multilevel inventory models.
Design of a GaN-based, 9-level flying capacitor multilevel inverter with low inductance layout (2017)

Multilevel inverters such as the flying capacitor multilevel inverter (FCML) hold large potential benefit in applications where the size and weight of the inverter is constrained. This work presents the design and implementation of an inverter module which incorporates two individual 9-level FCML single-phase inverters in an interleaved design. Each inverter utilizes GaN FETs switching at 100 kHz, for an effective inductor ripple frequency of 800 kHz. The implementation features an innovative dual-sided integrated switching cell layout which decreases the effective commutation loop inductance of the inverter and enables fast switching with minimal ringing while also simplifying efficient double-sided cooling.
Sensitive and rapid detection of cholera toxin-producing Vibrio cholerae using a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (2008)

The LAMP assay is a sensitive, rapid and simple tool for the detection of CT-producing V. cholerae and will be useful in facilitating the early diagnosis of human V. cholerae infection.
Stereometric Measurement System For Quantification Of Object Forms (1986)

A three-dimensional camera unit has been developed at the Dental School of the University of Zurich for jaw motion recording. Since the system is designed to detect and reconstruct the spatial position of a light source, it can easily be used to digitize an object surface being scanned by a laser beam. This is performed by an additional device which has been developed in order to enlarge the application field of the camera unit as well as to prove the feasibility and find out the limits of such a simple and low-cost quantification system.
Ultrastable emission from a metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor-structured Si emitter tip (1996)

A silicon field emitter tip with a dual-gate metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) structure was fabricated and demonstrated. The present tip structure is just the same as an n-channel MOSFET whose drain was replaced by a cone-shaped Si tip. Two coplanar gates of 0.3-μm-thick Nb are made on a 0.6-μm-thick thermally oxidized SiO2 insulator between the source and the tip and make inversion layers in a p-type Si substrate under each gate. One of the gates has a 1.8-μm-diam aperture surrounding the tip for extraction of electrons from the tip. The other is 3 μm wide and 300 μm long and is separated by 2 μm from this gate. Ultrastable emission of about 0.3 μA was demonstrated with a single tip for one day.
Kernel-level scheduling for the nano-threads programming model (1998)

Multiprocessor systems are increasingly becoming the systems of choice for low and high-end servers, running such diverse tasks as number crunching, large-scale simulations, data base engines and world wide web server applications. With such diverse workloads, system utilization and throughpuf as well as execution time become important performance metrics. In this paper we present efficient kernel scheduling policies and propose a new kernel-user interface aiming at supporting efficient parallel execution in diverse workload environments. Our approach relies on support for user level threads which are used to exploit parallelism within applications, and a two-level scheduling policy which coordinates the number of resources allocated by the kernel with the number of threads generated by each application. We compare our scheduling policies with the native gang scheduling policy of the IRIX 6.4 operating system on a Silicon Graphics Ori-gin2000. Our experimental results show substantial performance gains in terms of overall workload execution times, individual application execution times, and cache performance.
Design and Performance of Microwave Amplifiers with GaAs Schottky-Gate Field-Effect Transistors (1974)

The design and performance of an X-band amplifier with GaAs Schottky-gate field-effect transistors are described. The amplifier achieves 20 /spl plusmn/ 1.3-dB gain with a 5.5-dB typical noise figure (6.9 dB maximum) over the frequency range of 8.0-12.0 GHz. The VSWR at the input and output ports does not exceed 2.5:1. The minimum output power for 1-dB gain compression is +13 dBm, and the intercept point for third-order intermodulation products is +26 dBm. The design of practical wide-band coupling networks is discussed. These networks minimize the overall amplifier noise figure and maintain a constant gain in the band.
ImageElves: Rapid and Reliable System Updates in the Cloud (2013)

Virtualization has significantly reduced the cost of creating a new virtual machine and cheap storage allows VMs to be turned down when unused. This has led to a rapid proliferation of virtual machine images, both active and dormant, in the data center. System management technologies have not been able to keep pace with this growth and the management cost of keeping all virtual machines images, active as well as dormant, updated is significant. In this work, we present ImageElves, a system to rapidly, reliably and automatically propagate updates (e.g., patches, software installs, compliance checks) in a data center. ImageElves analyses all target images and creates reliable image patches using a very small number of online updates. Traditionally, updates are applied by taking the application offline, applying updates, and then restoring the application, a process that is unreliable and has an unpredictable downtime. With ImageElves, we propose a two phase process. In the first phase, images are analyzed to create an update signature and update manifest. In the second phase, downtime is taken and the manifest is applied offline on virtual images in a parallel, reliable and automated manner. This has two main advantages, (i) spontaneously apply updates to already dormant VMs, and (ii) all updates following this process are guaranteed to work reliably leading to reduced and predictable downtimes. ImageElves uses three key ideas: (i) a novel per-update profiling mechanism to divide VMs into equivalence classes, (ii) a background logging mechanism to convert updates on live instances into patches for dormant images, and (iii) a cross-difference mechanism to filter system-specific or random information (e.g., host name, IP address), while creating equivalence classes. We evaluated the ability of ImageElves to speed up mix of popular system management activities and observed upto 80% smaller update times for active instances and upto 90% reduction in update time for dormant instances.
A multi-biomarker score measures rheumatoid arthritis disease activity in the BeSt study (2013)

The MBDA score reflects current clinical disease activity and can track changes in disease activity over time.
Concepts of Biology (2013)

This is a free open textbook from OpenStax. "Concepts of Biology" is designed for the introductory biology course for nonmajors taught at most two- and four-year colleges. The scope, sequence, and level of the program are designed to match typical course syllabi in the market. Concepts of Biology includes interesting applications, features a rich art program, and conveys the major themes of biology.
Photosensitivity Characteristics of UV Curable Organic-Inorganic Hybrids Sensitized with Benzoin Derivatives as Photobase Generators (2014)

We developed PBG 2 that generates radical and primary amine by UV irradiation. PBG 2 worked effectively for radical polymerization of methacrylate groups and base-catalyzed cross-linking reactions of alkoxysilyl groups in MA-PS.
Database and System Design for Emerging Storage Technologies (2014)

Completing a Ph.D. is a long, daunting process, and I could not have succeeded without help from many people. I would first like to thank my close friends and family for all their support, especially my parents; my sister, Carolyn; and Christie Ferguson. Next I would like to thank my collaborators, advisors, and committee for teaching by example, espe-
The erythropoietic effects of interleukin 6 and erythropoietin in vivo. (1991)

The purpose of this investigation was to compare the erythropoietic effects of recombinant interleukin 6 (IL-6) and recombinant erythropoietin (EPO) on the marrow and peripheral blood in vivo. IL-6 administered to rats as a single i.v. injection induces a selective erythroid hyperplasia of the marrow's late normoblasts at 12 and 24 h with a return to preinjection numbers of normoblasts at 48 and 72 h. The hyperplasia of late normoblasts in the marrow is accompanied by a left-shifted peripheral reticulocytosis. Daily injection of IL-6 does not induce any effects on the erythroid population of the marrow or circulation beyond those of a single injection. After daily administration of IL-6 for 4 or 7 days, the erythroid differential in the marrow and the peripheral reticulocyte count are equal to negative control values, indicating a rapid tachyphylaxis to the erythropoietic effect of IL-6. In contrast to IL-6, EPO administered as a single i.v. injection induces a panerythroid marrow hyperplasia with sequential peak increases in pronormoblasts and early normoblasts at 24 h, intermediate normoblasts at 24-48 h, and late normoblasts at 72 h. The peripheral reticulocyte count mirrors the development of erythroid precursors in the marrow by demonstrating an increasing left-shifted reticulocytosis between 24 and 72 h. Daily injection of EPO for 7 days induces a striking erythroid hyperplasia and a myeloid hypoplasia in the marrow. In summary, IL-6 in vivo is a differentiation factor that rapidly induces tolerance to its own effect, whereas EPO in vivo affects all stages of erythropoiesis and sustains erythropoiesis indefinitely. IL-6 may be one of the non-EPO factors in pokeweed mitogen spleen cell-conditioned medium that has been reported by previous investigators to enhance erythropoiesis, although many of those factors were thought to act upon an earlier stage of erythropoiesis. IL-6 is unlikely to exert an indirect erythropoietic effect in vivo via the induction of EPO because the sera of IL-6-treated rats did not contain elevated levels of EPO and because the effects of exogenously administered IL-6 and EPO are so different.
ScarlETH: Design and control of a planar running robot (2011)

This paper introduces the mechanical design and the control concept of the Series Compliant Articulated Robotic Leg ScarlETH which was developed at ETH Zurich for fast, efficient, and versatile locomotion. Inspired by biological systems, we seek to achieve this through large compliances in the joints which enable natural dynamics, allow temporary energy storage, and improve the passive adaptability. A sophisticated chain and cable pulley design minimizes the segment masses, places the overall CoG close to the hip joint, and maximizes the range of motion. Nonlinearities in the damping and an appropriate low-level controller allow for precise torque control during stance and for fast task space position control during swing. This paved the road for the combined application of a virtual model controller for ground contact and a modified Raibert style controller for flight phase which was successfully tested in planar running.
Comparison of the sound attenuation efficiency of locally resonant materials and elastic band-gap structures (2004)

Numerical methods are applied to study the elastic wave propagation in a so-called locally resonant sonic material. The structure is a two-dimensional analog of a three-dimensional structure proposed recently, which offers interesting attenuation properties at low frequencies [K. M. Ho et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 5566 (2003)]. The present structure is based on heavy cylinders located on a square lattice, immersed in a soft polymer, and separated from each other by a rigid grid. It is demonstrated that the grid induces Fano resonances, improving the sound attenuation performances of the system compared with the mass law. The transmission characteristics of a stacking of different layers of this material are studied and compared with those of a 2D phononic crystal obtained by removing the grid. For equivalent mass and size, the latter is shown to have even better attenuation performances on a larger range of frequencies due to Bragg interference phenomena at low frequencies.
Deep-submicrometer large-angle-tilt implanted drain (LATID) technology (1992)

Deep-submicrometer large-angle-tilt implanted drain (LATID) technology is described. It is found by Monte Carlo process simulation and SIMS measurements that a sufficiently long n/sup -/ region can be formed under the gate by taking advantage of large-angle-tilt implant and successfully without ion channeling by taking care of the implant direction. A design that offsets the n/sup +/ implant by sidewall spacers to suppress the n/sup +/-gate overlap to zero while keeping the n/sup -/ region fully overlapped with the gate is found to be crucial for improved performance and reliability. The device performance, such as current drivability and short-channel effects, is described, and the circuit speed is investigated. Hot-carrier effects such as lateral electric field and device lifetime over a wide range of drain structures are also investigated. The tradeoff between device performance and hot-carrier reliability in deep-submicrometer LATID FETs is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Post canola syndrome: burning swathed canola stubbles enables potassium deficiency and induced molybdenum deficiency and aluminium toxicity to be expressed in the next cereal crop. (2003)

Nutrient omission experiments determined the cause of waves of good and bad growth in wheat and barley crops after swathed canola crops on acidified sandy soils in south-western Australia. Potassium deficiency, and molybdenum deficiency and aluminium toxicity induced by soil acidification, were identified as major problems. Burning canola swaths increased bicarbonate-extractable soil potassium by 20100 mg/kg, and as measured in 0.01 M CaCl2, increased soil pH by 0.30.8 of a pH unit and decreased aluminium extracted from soil by 16 mg/kg. Root lesion nematodes were not identified as a problem.
Ipsilateral Fractures of Femoral Neck and Shaft (1990)

Thirteen cases of ipsilateral intracapsular femoral neck and shaft fractures were seen. All cases occurred in young adults, with the mechanism of injury in all instances being high-energy trauma. The diagnosis of the femoral neck fracture was missed initially in four cases. The patients were divided into four groups according to treatment protocol: group 1 (two cases), both fractures treated nonoperatively; group 2 (four cases), femoral neck fracture treated nonoperatively, open reduction and internal fixation of femoral shaft fracture; group 3 (three cases), McMurray's osteotomy for femoral neck fracture and internal fixation for the femoral shaft fracture; and group 4 (four cases), open reduction and internal fixation of both fractures. The follow-up period ranged from 6 months to 10.1 years. There was a nonunion of one femoral neck fracture, while all shaft fractures united. The best results were seen in group 4 cases. It is also recommended that routine high-quality X-ray films of the hip should be done in all cases of femoral shaft fracture to decrease the high incidence of missed femoral neck fractures in ipsilateral injuries of the femur.
RANGELAND FIRES IN NORTHERN NEVADA: AN APPLICATION OF COMPUTABLE GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODELING (2002)

A dynamic computable general equilibrium model of a five county Northern Nevada economy is used to estimate the business losses and recovery efforts of a 1.6 million acre rangeland fire.In comparison to inputoutput or social accounting models, the dynamic computable general equilibrium model incorporates the roles of markets and prices in the estimation of this natural catastrophe.Results indicate that fire suppression and rehabilitation expenditures were not enough to offset the losses in public land grazing activities.
Modulation of cell proliferation and senescence of WI-38 cells by hydrocortisone. (1979)

The specific binding of glucocorticoid hormones has been studied in the normal diploid human cell line WI-38. These cells were found to contain high affinity glucocorticoid binding sites whose molecular specificity showed a high correlation to that required for the stimulation of cell growth. When hydrocortisone (HC) was selectively added to or removed from parasynchronously dividing cultures, we observed that HC -enhanced stimulation of cell growth was associated with the hormone's presence in the pre-DNA synthetic period of the cell cycle. Similarly, the specific binding of [3H]dexamethasone in stimulated quiescent cells was found to increase significantly in the pre-DNA synthetic period. The concentration of specific binding sites per cell achieved in stimulated cell cultures was found to decrease with increasing in vitro age. These results suggest that the stimulation of WI-38 cell proliferation by HC involves specific glucocorticoid receptors whose concentration per cell is under cell cycle control. The age-associated decrease in specific glucocorticoid binding sites may explain, in part, our previously observed loss of responsiveness to HC in aging cell cultures.
Optomyography (OMG) : A Novel Technique for the Detection of Muscle Surface Displacement Using Photoelectric Sensors (2015)

Several techniques have been introduced for detecting, measuring, processing and analyzing the signals generated during muscular activities. With the development of more advanced technical solutions, the measurement and analysis of these signals help not only to understand the medical abnormalities and characterization of muscle activities but also to develop human machine interfaces of higher efficiency. In this work, a novel technique to detect and measure the displacement caused on the surface of the skin due to muscle activities was introduced and developed using near-infrared photoelectric sensors. The new technique was coined as OptoMyoGraphy (OMG). In order to evaluate the new technique, real-time pairs of signals were registered using two photoelectric sensors measuring near-infrared rays reflected on the forearm while moving the hand to make a number of different gestures. Different pairs of signals, changing over time and showing repeated patterns while repeating the same hand gesture, were measured for different hand gesture. The signal to noise ratio (SNR) of these signals was good enough to be able to differentiate among the pairs of signals which correspond to different hand gestures using visual inspection.
Comparison of Topical Nifedipine With Oral Nifedipine for Treatment of Anal Fissure: A Randomized Controlled Trial (2014)

Although oral nifedipine can reduce symptom and signs of anal fissure, topical nifedipine has a superior role for anal fissure treatment with higher healing rate and lower side effects.
Preparation and Use of Lithium Tritide and Lithium Trimethoxyborotritide (1995)

Abstract Two new tritide reducing agents, Li3H and Li(CH3O)3B3H, have been prepared at the carrier-free level and used to reduce 2-naphthaldehyde to tritiated β-naphthalene methanol, to produce C3H3OR, and to synthesize a methyl-tritiated secondary amine.
Asymmetric Synthesis with Sugar Derivatives. V. The Synthesis of α-Hydroxy Acids on Insoluble Polymer Supports (1974)

Abstract The styrene-2% divinylbenzene copolymer containing 1,2-O-cyclohexylidene-5-O-trityl-α-d- or -l-xylofuranose (d- or l-3a) was prepared. Asymmetric Grignard additions to benzoylformate (3b) and pyruvate (3c) were carried out using these polymers as chiral ester-components. Enantiomers of α-hydroxy acids, such as atrolactic acid (4) and 2-hydroxy-2-phenyl-2-(p-tolyl)acetic acid (5), were obtained in relatively good synthetic and optical yields, depending on the use of either d- or l-3a. The optical yields of 4 for the polymer were higher than those for a low-molecular-weight compound, 1,2-O-cyclohexylidene-5-O-trityl-α-d-xylofuranose (8a). It was shown that the polymer could be used repeatedly.
Determination of maximally stable extremal regions in large images (2008)

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