gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hybrid location-content addressable memory (2002)

A neural network model, called the hybrid location-content addressable memory (HyLCAM), for representing binary-to-binary mappings is presented. A cascaded connection of a single-layer perceptron and a location addressable memory characterizes the structure of the HyLCAM that implements the concept of indirect association. A three-tuple (X,Z,Y) defines the state of the HyLCAM. The intermediate state Z plays an important role in learning and storing the given association (X, Y). The key of HyLCAM encoding is that a designer is to construct the immediate states so that they are linearly separable with respect to inputs. This manual operation, referred to as code generation, eliminates the limitations of back propagation, such as a slow learning speed and the convergence to error local minima. Two simple code generation methods are developed, and their performances are compared.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Scaleup of PEF systems for food and waste streams (2007)

Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) processing works through a process of electroporation in cells - destroying the cell membranes through application of short, very high voltage pulses across a liquid. PEF processing can also improve the performance of industrial processes such as the removal of water from sludge, or the extraction of sugars and starches from plants, because the ruptured cells release their intracellular liquids more easily into their surroundings.
Conversion of Surface Energy and Manipulation of a Single Droplet across Micropatterned Surfaces (2008)

To clarify a driving mechanism for the self-movement of a droplet across hydrophobic textured surfaces in series and to develop applications for a microfluidic device, we report a theoretical model, a microfabrication technique, and experimental measurements. The contact angle of a droplet on a composite surface, the stable surface energy level, and the energy barrier caused by hysteresis were investigated. With increasing patterned density of the microstructure, the contact angle and stable surface energy decreased gradually, but the energy barrier increased. Both the analytical results and the experimental measurements show that the surface energy for a suspended status is greater than that for a collapsed status, which produces increased energy to generate the movement of a droplet. An analysis of interactions between actuation force, resistive force, and viscous force during the motion of a droplet is based on the equilibrium between forces. From the perspective of energy conversion, the difference in surface energy between a higher state and a lower state would drive a single droplet and make it move spontaneously if it could overcome the static friction force resulting from hysteresis and the kinetic friction force under droplet movement. The mean velocity in the present device, measured to be 62.5 mm s (-1), agrees satisfactorily with the theoretical prediction. The model developed for the energy levels enables us to assess the contact mode of a droplet placed on the patterned surface. For a prediction of the transport capability of the designed devices, a theoretical interpretation of the conversion between the surface energy and the kinetic energy of the droplet establishes a criterion that the pattern density of a textured surface should be less than 0.76. The effective rate of energy conversion is estimated to be 20.6%.
Associating and presenting metadata of digital archive objects in virtual spaces as synchronized multimedia content (2002)

The authors propose the idea of associating and presenting metadata (attribute information) of digital archive objects in a virtual space. In the presentation using a virtual space, we introduce two methods. One is called InfoLOD, which dynamically associates and controls metadata (attribute information) with archive objects (2D/3D images) in the 3D space. We propose to control the level of detail (LOD) of attribute information based on orientation and distance. We extend this idea to control the LOD of hierarchically-described metadata (such as XML data) based on distance, orientation, and differentiation. LOD control based on differentiation compares the hierarchical data of spatial objects visible from one's viewpoint in 3D space, and presents the dissimilarities in the objects having similar data. The other method is called passive viewing, and it realizes users to watch and listen automatic presentation of 3D objects and their metadata. Some of our implementations are shown to illustrate our ideas.
High quality GaN grown on silicon(111) using a SixNy interlayer by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy (2008)

High quality GaN layers with dislocation density of (3.0±0.5)×108∕cm2 have been grown on silicon(111) substrates using a combination of AlGaN intermediate layers and a SixNy interlayer. A smooth and fully coalesced layer was obtained by virtue of a high temperature growth process which accelerates coalescence and improves at the same time the crystalline quality. This was confirmed by high resolution x-ray diffraction showing a full width of half maximum of 415arcsec for the asymmetric (−2201) rocking curve.
Preparation and Characterization of High-Performance Pt-Ru/WO[sub 3]-C Anode Catalysts for the Oxidation of Impure Hydrogen (1999)

The use of reduction instead of thermal decomposition of catalyst precursor salts after freeze‐drying resulted in significant improvement of the anodic oxidation of impure . The electrode performance was at in containing , and over in containing . Catalysts prepared by thermal decomposition of freeze‐dried precursor salts had little activity for in a stream containing . The use of stripping and electron microscopic examination showed that a higher surface area and greater number of interfaces are responsible for the improved performance. ©2000 The Electrochemical Society
Novel Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents (2007)

Nearly two decades ago, recombinant human erythropoietin transformed the management of chronic kidney disease anemia by allowing a more sustained increase in hemoglobin than was possible by intermittent blood transfusion. The treatment was highly effective, but because of the fairly short half-life of the molecule at approximately 6 to 8 h, injections usually had to be administered two to three times weekly. A second-generation erythropoietin analogue, darbepoetin alfa, was then created, with a longer elimination half-life in vivo that translated into less frequent dosing, usually once weekly or once every 2 wk. More recently, another erythropoietin-related molecule has been produced called Continuous Erythropoietin Receptor Activator with an even greater half-life, and other molecules are in development or are being licensed, including biosimilar epoetin products and Hematide. The latter is a synthetic peptide-based erythropoietin receptor agonist that, interestingly, has no structural homology with erythropoietin, and yet is still able to activate the erythropoietin receptor and stimulate erythropoiesis. The search goes on for orally active antianemic therapies, and several strategies are being investigated, although none is imminently available. This article reviews the latest progress with these novel erythropoietic agents in this new era in anemia management.
Spectrum Sensing for Dynamic Spectrum Access of TV Bands (2007)

In this paper we address the issue of spectrum sensing in cognitive radio based wireless networks. Spectrum sensing is the key enabler for dynamic spectrum access as it can allow secondary networks to reuse spectrum without causing harmful interference to primary users. Here we propose a set of integrated medium access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) spectrum sensing techniques that provide reliable access to television (TV) bands. At the MAC level, we propose a two-stage spectrum sensing that guarantees timely detection of incumbents while meeting the quality of service (QoS) requirements of secondary users. At the PHY level, we introduce FFT-based pilot energy and location detection schemes that can detect a TV signal on a TV channel at levels as low as -116 dBm. We have evaluated these schemes through simulation and prototyping and show their effectiveness, reliability, and efficiency. These mechanisms are also part of the current IEEE 802.22 draft standard which is based on cognitive radio technology.
Use of pure opioid antagonists for management of opioid-induced pruritus (2011)

Based on the existing data, a low-dose, continuous i.v. infusion of naloxone has the largest body of evidence supporting its use for prevention of OIP in adult and pediatric patients.
A numerical evaluation of chamber methodologies used in measuring the <i>δ</i> <sup>13</sup> C of soil respiration (2009)

Measurement of the delta(13)C value of soil-respired CO(2) (delta(r)) has become a commonplace method through which ecosystem function and C dynamics can be better understood. Despite its proven utility there is currently no consensus on the most robust method with which to measure delta(r). Static and dynamic chamber systems are both commonly used for this purpose; however, the literature on these methods provides evidence suggesting that measurements of delta(r) made with these chamber systems are neither repeatable (self-consistent) nor comparable across methodologies. Here we use a three-dimensional (3-D) numerical soil-atmosphere-chamber model to test these chamber systems in a 'surrogate reality'. Our simulations show that each chamber methodology is inherently biased and that no chamber methodology can accurately predict the true delta(r) signature under field conditions. If researchers intend to use delta(r) to study in situ ecosystem processes, the issues with these chamber systems need to be corrected either by using diffusive theory or by designing a new, unbiased delta(r) measurement system.
Impossibility of Full Decentralization in Permissionless Blockchains (2019)

Bitcoin uses blockchain technology and proof-of-work (PoW) mechanism where nodes spend computing resources and earn rewards in return for spending these resources. This incentive system has caused power to be significantly biased towards a few nodes, called mining pools. In fact, poor decentralization appears not only in PoW-based coins but also in coins adopting other mechanisms such as proof-of-stake (PoS) and delegated proof-of-stake (DPoS). In this paper, we target this centralization issue. To this end, we first define (m, \varepsilon, δ)-decentralization as a state that satisfies 1) there are at least m participants running a node and 2) the ratio between the total resource power of nodes run by the richest and δ-th percentile participants is less than or equal to 1+\varepsilon. To see if it is possible to achieve good decentralization, we introduce sufficient conditions for the incentive system of a blockchain to reach (m, \varepsilon, δ)-decentralization. When satisfying the conditions, a blockchain system can reach full decentralization with probability 1. However, to achieve this, the blockchain system should be able to assign a positive Sybil cost, where the Sybil cost is defined as the difference between the cost for one participant running multiple nodes and the total cost for multiple participants each running one node. On the other hand, we prove that when there is no Sybil cost, the probability of reaching (m, \varepsilon, δ)-decentralization is upper bounded by a value close to 0, considering a large rich-poor gap. To determine the conditions that each system cannot satisfy, we also analyze protocols of all PoW, PoS, and DPoS coins in the top 100 coins according to our conditions. Finally, we conduct data analysis of these coins to validate our theory.
Small‐Size Planar LTE/WWAN Antenna and Antenna Array Formed by the Same for Tablet Computer Application (2013)

ABSTRACT For eight‐band LTE/WWAN operation (704–960/1710–2690 MHz) in the Ultrabook or thin‐profile tablet computer, a planar antenna of simple structure and small size is presented. The proposed antenna is obtained by modifying a simple planar inverted‐F antenna and can be printed on one surface of a thin FR4 substrate of size 10 × 45 mm 2 only. The antenna's lower band bandwidth is greatly widened by embedding a proper chip capacitor of 2.7 pF at the feeding strip. This chip capacitor combines with the antenna's shorting strip can control the excitation of a parallel resonance to modify the impedance matching of the antenna's lower band such that a widened bandwidth is easily obtained to cover the LTE700/GSM850/900 operation. Conversely, the antenna's upper‐band bandwidth is also greatly enhanced by using a coupled section in the antenna's radiating strip and adding a parasitic shorted strip near the feeding strip, which lead to multiple resonant modes excited to form a wide bandwidth (&gt;1 GHz) to cover the GSM1800/1900/UMTS/LTE2300/2500 operation. Owing to its small size and simple structure, the proposed antenna is very suitable to be applied in achieving an antenna array with high isolation for MIMO or dual talk (dual WWAN) operation. Promising high‐isolation antenna arrays formed by the proposed antennas are presented. The obtained isolation between the antennas in the antenna array is better than 12 dB, and the envelope correlation coefficient is less than 0.15 for frequencies over the LTE/WWAN bands. Details of the proposed antenna and antenna array are presented. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:1928–1934, 2013
Testing and optimizing ADC performance: a probabilistic approach (1996)

A novel approach to the topic of analog-to-digital converter (ADC) characterization is proposed. The key idea is to describe the behaviour of the device via a suitable conditional probability function, estimated through a modified version of the popular histogram test. Any traditional figure of merit for ADC's can be accurately evaluated from the proposed probabilistic characterization. Besides, this allows one to optimize the ADC overall performance, determining the best allocation of the output reconstruction levels. The parameters of the modified histogram test are determined as a function of the desired accuracy. Finally, computer simulations illustrate the performance of the method.
Efficient electroluminescence from a new n-type conjugated polyquinoline (1998)

The synthesis of a new conjugated rigid-rod polyquinoline, poly(2,2′-(p-phenylene)-6,6′-bis(4-(p-tert-butylphenyl)quinoline)), and its incorporation in light-emitting diodes as the emissive layer are reported. These electroluminescent devices, containing 1,1-bis(di-4-tolylaminophenyl)cyclohexane (TAPC) dispersed in polystyrene as the hole-transport layer, emit bright yellow light (λmax = 554 nm) with a quantum efficiency of 0.26% photons/electron and a luminance of 280 cd/m2 at a current density of 100 mA/cm2. These results also demonstrate that the new polyquinoline is a good n-type (electron transport) electroluminescent material.
Landmarks in torus networks (2006)

Abstract A minimum metric basis is a minimum set M of vertices of a graph G(V, E) such that for every pair of vertices u and v of V\M, there exists a vertex w∈M with the condition that the length of a shortest path from u to w is different from the length of a shortest path from v to w. In this paper we study the minimum metric dimension problem for torus networks. We prove that for torus TR(m, n), m≤n, the minimum metric dimension is 3 when at least one of m or n is odd. We provide an upper bound for the minimum metric dimension when both m and n are even.
Ability of mononuclear phagocytes from cattle naturally resistant or susceptible to brucellosis to control in vitro intracellular survival of Brucella abortus (1990)

The role of bovine mammary macrophages and peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophages in natural resistance to bovine brucellosis was evaluated. A group of 11 naturally resistant and 10 chronically infected susceptible cows was studied following challenge with Brucella abortus. Macrophages from a greater proportion (P less than 0.026) of naturally resistant cows were significantly superior to macrophages from susceptible cows in their ability to inhibit the in vitro intracellular replication of B. abortus after challenge exposure. Studies of a second group of cows used mammary macrophages from 12 heifers and blood monocyte-derived macrophages from 22 bulls and heifers. These tests were completed before exposure to B. abortus, using mammary macrophages (P less than 0.039) and blood monocyte-derived macrophages (P less than 0.045), and also showed that macrophages from naturally resistant cattle were significantly superior in their ability to control the in vitro intracellular replication of B. abortus. Our data indicate that the mononuclear phagocytes from more than 80% of the resistant cattle controlled intracellular replication of B. abortus significantly better than did mononuclear phagocytes from susceptible cattle. Mononuclear phagocyte function appears to be an important factor in determining natural resistance to bovine brucellosis.
Boron-Doped Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Enhanced Thermoelectric Power Factor for Flexible Thermoelectric Devices (2020)

We report a detailed experimental and theoretical study on thermoelectric properties of boron-doped single-walled carbon nanotubes (B-SWCNTs), which are versatile building blocks of flexible thermoelectric devices. Implantations of substitutional boron dopants (0.1–0.5 atom %) in SWCNTs are realized using thermal diffusion. The after-synthesis boron doping simultaneously improves the Seebeck coefficient (S) and electrical conductivity (σ) of SWCNT networks, leading to an S2σ value of 226 μW/mK2. First-principle calculations indicate that a few tenths atom % of substitutional boron atoms improve the S value of semi-conducting SWCNTs but reduce the electron conductance in individual SWCNTs. The high σ of B-SWCNT networks is attributed to the improved electrical transport between laterally contacted metallic and semi-conducting nanotubes. The produced B-SWCNTs are stable over high-temperature annealing or processing in liquid media, which inspired us to fabricate thermoelectric modules by a low-cost printing method. The modules demonstrate an increased thermoelectric efficiency by 76% compared to those with undoped SWCNTs. This work provides a feasible fabrication strategy and physical insights for B-SWCNT-based flexible thermoelectrics.
Development and evaluation of an efficient approach to volumetric arc therapy planning (2009)

An efficient method for volumetric intensity modulated arc therapy (VMAT) planning was developed, where a single arc (360 degrees or less) is delivered under continuous variation of multileaf collimator (MLC) segments, dose rate, and gantry speed. Plans can be generated for any current linear accelerator that supports these degrees of freedom. MLC segments are derived from fluence maps at relatively coarsely sampled angular positions. The beam segments, dose rate, and gantry speed are then optimized using direct machine parameter optimization based on dose volume objectives and leaf motion constraints to minimize arc delivery time. The method can vary both dose rate and gantry speed or alternatively determine the optimal plan at constant dose rate and gantry speed. The method was used to retrospectively generate variable dose rate VMAT plans to ten patients (head and neck, prostate, brain, lung, and tonsil). In comparison to step-and-shoot intensity modulated radiation therapy, dosimetric plan quality was comparable or improved, estimated delivery times ranged from 70 to 160 s, and monitor units were consistently reduced in nine out of the ten cases by an average of approximately 6%. Optimization and final dose calculation took between 5 and 35 min depending on plan complexity.
Ambient Temperature High‐Rate Lithium/Organosulfur Batteries (1990)

This paper describes the study of ambient temperature lithium/organosulfer systems. Many organosulfur electrodes are inexpensive, biodegradable, relatively nontoxic, and fairly unreactive to molten sodium, implying safety risks may be minimal for these systems. Early tests showed that lithium metal was passivated by a number of electroactive organosulfur solutions; similar to the behavior of lithium metal in oxychloride catholytes. The results outline the behavior of one of many possible Li/RSSR cells, the lithium/(tetraethyl thiuram disulfide) battery.
In Situ and Reversible Control of the Surface Activity of Ferrocenyl Surfactants in Aqueous Solutions (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIn Situ and Reversible Control of the Surface Activity of Ferrocenyl Surfactants in Aqueous SolutionsBenedict S. Gallardo, Michael J. Hwa, and Nicholas L. AbbottCite this: Langmuir 1995, 11, 11, 4209–4212Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00011a008https://doi.org/10.1021/la00011a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views386Altmetric-Citations75LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A low phase-noise CMOS VCO with harmonic tuned LC tank (2006)

This paper presents a phase-noise reduction technique for voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs) using a harmonic tuned (HT) LC tank. The phase-noise suppression is achieved through almost rectangular-shaped voltage at the switching differential cell, which effectively maximizes the slope of the switching cell output voltage at a zero crossing point. In addition, the proposed technique also suppresses the down-conversion of the noise around the second harmonic frequency by the second harmonic short of the tank. One second HT VCO and two third HT VCOs are designed and implemented to evaluate the concept using a 0.35- and 0.13-/spl mu/m CMOS process. The figure-of-merit (FOM) of the second HT VCO, third HT VCO1, and third HT VCO2 are -180.7, -183.7, and -189.5, respectively. The best FOM performance of the VCO has phase noises of -100.4, -132.0, and -140.8dBc/Hz at 100-kHz, 1-MHz, and 3-MHz offset frequencies at the 2-GHz carrier, respectively. This VCO consumes 3.29 mA from a 1.8-V supply with the silicon area of 500 /spl mu/m/spl times/750 /spl mu/m.