gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Iterative Methods for Image Reconstruction (2006)

0.0 c © J. Fessler, March 15, 2006 p0intro These annotated slides were prepared by Jeff Fessler for attendees of the ISBI tutorial on statistical image reconstruction methods. The purpose of the annotation is to provide supplemental details, and particularly to provide extensive literature references for further study. For a fascinating history of tomography, see [1]. For broad coverage of image science, see [2]. For further references on image reconstruction, see review papers and chapters, e.g., [3–9].
&lt;title&gt;Video quality experts group: the quest for valid objective methods&lt;/title&gt; (2000)

Subjective assessment methods have been used reliably for many years to evaluate video quality. They continue to provide the most reliable assessments compared to objective methods. Some issues that arise with subjective assessment include the cost of conducting the evaluations and the fact that these methods cannot easily be used to monitor video quality in real time. Furthermore, traditional, analog objective methods, while still necessary, are not sufficient to measure the quality of digitally compressed video systems. Thus, there is a need to develop new objective methods utilizing the characteristics of the human visual system. While several new objective methods have been developed, there is to date no internationally standardized method. The Video Quality Experts Group (VQEG) was formed in October 1997 to address video quality issues. The group is composed of experts from various backgrounds and affiliations, including participants from several internationally recognized organizations working in the field of video quality assessment. The majority of participants are active in the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) and VQEG combines the expertise and resources found in several ITU Study Groups to work towards a common goal. The first task undertaken by VQEG was to provide a validation of objective video quality measurement methods leading to Recommendations in both the Telecommunications (ITU-T) and Radiocommunication (ITU-R) sectors of the ITU. To this end, VQEG designed and executed a test program to compare subjective video quality evaluations to the predictions of a number of proposed objective measurement methods for video quality in the bit rate range of 768 kb/s to 50 Mb/s. The results of this test show that there is no objective measurement system that is currently able to replace subjective testing. Depending on the metric used for evaluation, the performance of eight or nine models was found to be statistically equivalent, leading to the conclusion that no single model outperforms the others in all cases. The greatest achievement of this first validation effort is the unique data set assembled to help future development of objective models.
Patent focus on antiparasitic agents: May - October 1999 (2000)

Patent applications germane to parasite chemotherapy are reviewed for the period May to October, 1999. The scope of the review, covering antiprotozoal and antihelmintic agents has been extended to include the atypical unicellular fungus Pneumocystis carinii, the causative agent of the AIDS-associated disease Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP). This organism although phylogenically related to fungi is ‘protozoan-like’ in its response to drugs and often appears in patents classified as a parasite. Reviews are presented from 16 patents. Somewhat surprisingly no applications of interest emerged concering helminth chemotherapy. Specifically the review reports on compounds of relevance to the chemotherapy of malaria, leishmaniasis and PCP, and is organised according to disease indication. A brief introduction to each disease precedes the patent analysis.
Polarization mode dispersion, decorrelation, and diffusion in optical fibers with randomly varying birefringence (1996)

Polarization mode dispersion and the polarization decorrelation and diffusion lengths are calculated in fibers with randomly varying birefringence. Two different physical models in which the birefringence orientation varies arbitrarily are studied and are shown to yield nearly identical results. These models are appropriate for communication fibers. We show that both the length scales for polarization mode dispersion and polarization decorrelation measured with respect to the local axes of birefringence are equal to the fiber autocorrelation length. We also show that the coupled nonlinear Schrodinger equation which describes wave evolution over long length along a communication fiber can be reduced to the Manakov equation. The appropriate averaging length for the linear polarization mode dispersion is just the fiber autocorrelation length but the appropriate averaging length for the nonlinear terms is the diffusion length in the azimuthal direction along the Poincare sphere which can be different, The implications for the nonlinear evolution are discussed.
Urbanizing the Sunbelt (2003)

Journal Article Urbanizing the Sunbelt Get access Carl Abbott Carl Abbott Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar OAH Magazine of History, Volume 18, Issue 1, October 2003, Pages 11–16, https://doi.org/10.1093/maghis/18.1.11 Published: 01 October 2003
Aryl-substituted derivatives of 4,4′-bipyridylium salts: their spectroscopic properties and stereochemistry (1967)

The preparation is described of 4,4′-bipyridylium salts bearing aryl substituents α to one of the heterocyclic nitrogen atoms. Evidence from u.v. and n.m.r. spectra suggests that in the quaternary salts the aryl groups are prevented from assuming co-planarity with the bipyridyl nucleus by the steric effect of the N-methyl group. The compounds were inactive in herbicide tests.
Balanced subharmonic mixers for retrodirective-array applications (2001)

The drawback of conventional Pon retrodirective antenna systems is the requirement of a local oscillator (LO) working at approximately twice the receive frequency. This limits the use of these systems to rather moderate frequencies where such an oscillator can be obtained. To overcome this problem, a new phase conjugate mixer topology is proposed, whereby the use of a harmonic mixer instead of the conventional fundamental type effectively halves the LO frequency requirement. Another significant problem of conventional Pon phase conjugate mixers is the small spacing in frequency, typically only a few 0.1% of the carrier frequency, between RF, IF, and LO frequency. In this paper, we have overcome this problem by introducing a double balanced structure with a novel phasing strategy. The phasing circuit automatically cancels the RF and LO signal at the system's output port, giving 36-dB RF/IF, and 34-dB LO/IF isolation for a 970-MHz IF and 990-MHz RF signal. The new mixer structure proposed here is an attractive proposition for use in retrodirective antenna arrays significantly enhancing their potential for application in the millimeter-wave frequency range.
Handbook of Superconducting Materials (2002)

VOLUME I: SUPERCONDUCTIVITY, MATERIALS AND PROCESSES Fundamentals of Superconductivity Introduction to superconductivity and superconducting materials Characteristic properties Elementary theory Critical currents of type II superconductors Processing Introduction to processing methods Bulk materials Wires and tapes Thick and thin films Superconductor contacts High Temperature Superconductors YBCO BSCCO TIBCCO Mercury superconductors Magnesium diboride VOLUME II: CHARACTERIZATION, APPLICATION AND CRYOGENICS Characterization Techniques Structure/microstructure Measurement and interpretation of electromagnetic properties Measurement of physical properties Applications High current applications Trapped flux devices High frequency devices Josephson junction devices Other devices Introduction to Refrigeration Methods Emerging Materials Chevrel phases Unconventional superconductivity in heavy fermion and ruthenate superconductors Organic superconductors Fullerene superconductors Future high Tc superconductors Appendices Manufacturer and supplier directory Hazards: environment and safety Teach yourself phase diagrams
A scaled-up Seinhorst elutriator for extraction of cyst nematodes from soil (2007)

Abstract In order to process large soil samples containing potato cyst nematodes, the Seinhorst (1964) cyst elutriator was scaled up to process both sandy and marine-clay soils in batches of up to 2.5 kg. Several modifications were implemented. To maintain the required upward current of 3.01 min−1, an inflow of 8.01 min−1 was necessary in the enlarged, 7.5 cm diam. sedimentation tube. Also water inflow is now regulated using a flow meter with pressuriser. Several experiments were undertaken, using artificial sandy soil and marine-clay soil, both naturally infested with potato cyst nematodes. In the final experiment, using the 8.01 min−1 inflow for 4 min, there was a loss of 0.65% and 0.74% of cysts, and eggs and juveniles, respectively. This indicates that the yield (99%) of the scaled-up elutriator matches that of the original Seinhorst elutriator and, therefore, is suitable for statutory and scientific research.
A delayless alias-free subband adaptive filter structure (2002)

Adaptive subband techniques have been developed to solve complexity and slow convergence problems of the traditional fullband high-order adaptive filters. However, the effect of aliasing associated with the multirate structure, which is a source of error in the modeling of the unknown, system, and the delay introduced in the signal path, are some of the disadvantages often encountered in most of the proposed structures. In this paper, we present two delayless maximally decimated structures where the optimal channel filters are related to the wideband system in a closed form. They make use of a special DFP analysis filter bank where the polyphase components of the prototype filter represent fractional delays such that aliasing is cancelled with no need of adaptive cross-filters.
&lt;title&gt;Large stable mirrors: a comparison of glass, beryllium, and silicon carbide&lt;/title&gt; (1990)

The choice of a substrate material for large mirrors is a complex engineering task that must account for structural and thermal properties as well as mirror blank fabricability polishability and surface scatter. Nuclear hardness is also a consideration in some applications. Cost is almost always a concern. The standard material for mirror substrates has always been glass. Beryllium technology however is well developed and offers distinct advantages over glass in many applications. Reaction-bonded silicon carbide is a relatively new material that has matured to the point where it can now be considered as an alternative to either beryllium or glass in some large optics applications. The availability of these three different substrate materials offers the system designer a great deal of flexibility in optimizing the material for each particular application. In this paper we present a methodology for comparing the structural properties of mirror substrate materials and lightweighting designs. This methodology is used to compare glass beryllium and silicon carbide. 1. LIGHTWEIGHT MIRROR DESIGN PARAMETERS Basic lightweight mirror design parameters are illustrated in Figure 1. Sandwich mirrors comprise two faceplates with a structured core in between. Although the faceplates are shown as having equal thicknesses tf they can in general be unequal. Open-back mirrors have a single faceplate. For both sandwich and open-back mirrors the mirror core is characterized by its height hc the web thickness tw of the core elements
Metabolic engineering of thermophilic <i>Bacillus licheniformis</i> for chiral pure D‐2,3‐butanediol production (2012)

2,3-Butanediol is an important compound that can be used in many areas, especially as a platform chemical and liquid fuel. But traditional 2,3-butanediol producing microorganisms, such as Klebsiella pneumonia and K. xoytoca, are pathogens and they can only ferment sugars at 37°C. Here, we reported a newly developed Bacillus licheniformis. A protoplast transformation system was developed and optimized for this organism. With this transformation method, a marker-less gene deletion protocol was successfully used to knock out the ldh gene of B. licheniformis BL1 and BL3. BL1 was isolated earlier from soil for lactate production and it was further evolved to BL3 for xylose utilization. Combined with pH and aeration control, ldh mutant BL5 and BL8 can efficiently ferment glucose and xylose to D-(-) 2,3-butanediol at 50°C, pH 5.0. For glucose and xylose, the specific 2,3-butanediol productivities are 29.4 and 26.1 mM/h, respectively. The yield is 0.73 mol/mol for BL8 in xylose and 0.9 mol/mol for BL5 and BL8 in glucose. The D-(-) 2,3-butanediol optical purity is more than 98%. As far as we know, this is the first reported high temperature butanediol producer to match the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation conditions. Therefore, it has potential to further lower butanediol producing cost with low cost lignocellulosic biomass in the near future.
EVALUACIÓN DE LA CALIDAD DEL SERVICIO DESDE LA PERSPECTIVA DE LA INFORMACIÓN (2011)

The provision of services has evolved over the last three (3) decades and has become today a valuable competitive advantage for companies or organizations, so its constant improvement and innovation is of interest to customers, suppliers Service and researchers in the field. Framed in what is now called the information society is seen increasing involvement of information in service delivery, so in this article makes a literature search of the theories that describe the quality of service, specifically assessment models and their applications, in order to explore participation and valuation given to information. As a result we present a balance on the assessment of quality of service, seen from the perspective of information. The incorporation of the information in the evaluation of the service is incipient and slow, both in applied research as in assessment models.
Deterministic Atom Placement by Ion Implantation: Few and Single Atom Devices for Quantum Computer Technology (2016)

We describe an approach to quantum computer technology based on engineered single donor atoms implanted into silicon. We exploit quantum superposition and entanglement in potentially scalable nanoscale quantum devices engineered with just a single phosphorus donor atom in a silicon nano-scale complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor device. The devices are sensitive to the variation in the position of the donor atoms and also, when cooled to 100 mK, to the quantum state of single donors. Over the past two years we have fabricated devices incorporating 31P donor atoms implanted 20 nm deep into isotopically enriched 28Si followed by rapid thermal annealing at 1000oC for 5 s to activate the donors and minimise diffusion. Measurement of a single ionized donor gives the 31P nuclear spin (I=1/2) coherence time greater than 30 seconds showing exceptional promise and the robustness of this quantum system despite the influence of the nearby gate oxide and electrode metals. To implant donor atoms in a large-scale device we have developed a deterministic ion implantation method that is cited by the 2011 International Semiconductor Roadmap. We exploit signals arising from the ion induced charge from single implants in the substrate detected by on-chip detector electrodes. We describe our approach to take this technology to the next stage by building deterministic arrays of single atoms with the goal of sub-10 nm positioning precision as a pathway to a large scale device that could form the building block of a future CMOS quantum computer fabricated with the standard tools of the industry.
On The Use of Eddy Current Brakes as Tunable, Fast Turn-On Viscous Dampers For Haptic Rendering (2006)

We describe the use of eddy current brakes as fast turn-on, tunable, linear dampers for haptic rendering using a prototype haptic device outfitted with eddy current brakes. We show that at the speeds typ-ically required for haptic interaction, eddy-current-induced drag is proportional to velocity. We also show that a modulation rate of ap-proximately 250 Hz can easily be achieved with off the shelf com-ponents. A method for decoupling the damping at the end effector is discussed. We discuss the results from haptic experiments for rendering viscosity, virtual walls and virtual friction. Experimen-tal results show that the addition of programmable physical damp-ing improves impedance and stability for rendering with negligible computational cost. 1
The Parametron Digital Computer MUSASINO-1 (1959)

Features of a large-scale digital computer with novel logical elements, the parametrons, are described. The machine, which is located at Musashino City, Tokyo, was named the MUSASINO-1, and has been in almost continuous operation since its completion in the spring of 1957. Primarily for scientific uses, it does arithmetic operations in parallel, and has a fast access memory of ferrite cores with nonrectangular hysteresis curve. Maintenance experience has indicated its extreme stability and low incidence of faults.
Combining Multiple Feature-Ranking Techniques and Clustering of Variables for Feature Selection (2019)

Feature selection aims to eliminate redundant or irrelevant variables from input data to reduce computational cost, provide a better understanding of data and improve prediction accuracy. Majority of the existing filter methods utilize a single feature-ranking technique, which may overlook some important assumptions about the underlying regression function linking input variables with the output. In this paper, we propose a novel feature selection framework that combines clustering of variables with multiple feature-ranking techniques for selecting an optimal feature subset. Different feature-ranking methods typically result in selecting different subsets, as each method has its own assumption about the regression function linking input variables with the output. Therefore, we employ multiple feature-ranking methods having disjoint assumption about the regression function. The proposed approach has a feature ranking module to identify relevant features and a clustering module to eliminate redundant features. First, input variables are ranked using regression coefficients obtained by training $L1$ regularized Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machine and Random Forests models. Those features which are ranked lower than a certain threshold are filtered-out. The remaining features are grouped into clusters using an exemplar-based clustering algorithm, which identifies data-points that exemplify the data better, and associates each data-point with an exemplar. We use both linear correlation coefficients and information gain for measuring the association between a data-point and its corresponding exemplar. From each cluster the highest ranked feature is selected as a delegate, and all delegates from the three ranked lists are combined into the final feature set using union operation. Empirical results over a number of real-world data sets confirm the hypothesis that combining features selected using multiple heterogeneous methods results in a more robust feature set and improves prediction accuracy. As compared to other feature selection approaches evaluated, features selected using linear correlation-based multi-filter feature selection achieved the best classification accuracy with 98.7%, 100%, 92.3% and 100% for Ionosphere, Wisconsin Breast Cancer, Sonar and Wine data sets respectively.
Treatment of Parkinson's Disease With Lergotrile Mesylate (1977)

Lergotrile mesylate, an ergot alkaloid derivative and putative dopamine agonist, was effective in the majority of patients with Parkinson's disease who were showing signs of disease progression despite treatment with levodopa combined with a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor (carbidopa). Among 20 patients completing a six-month trial, there was a significant (P less than .01) reduction in rigidity, tremor, bradykinesia, gait disturbance, and total score when lergotrile was added to levodopa plus carbidopa. Mean daily dose of lergotrile mesylate was 52 mg, and the mean daily dose of levodopa was reduced by 15%. Abnormal involuntary movements were decreased on addition of lergotrile and reduction in levodopa while mental changes and orthostatic hypotension were increased. Elevations in serum transaminase levels were noted in three patients. The ergot alkaloids promise to be an important new class of antiparkinsonian drugs.
Genetic algorithms with sharing for multimodal function optimization (1987)

Many practical search and optimization problems require the investigation of multiple local optima. In this paper, the method of sharing functions is developed and investigated to permit the formation of stable subpopulations of different strings within a genetic algorithm (CA), thereby permitting the parallel investigation of many peaks. The theory and implementation of the method are investigated and two, one-dimensional test functions are considered. On a test function with five peaks of equal height, a GA without sharing loses strings at all but one peak; a GA with sharing maintains roughly equally sized subpopulations clustered about all five peaks. On a test function with five peaks of different sizes, a GA without sharing loses strings at all but the highest peak; a GA with sharing allocates decreasing numbers of strings to peaks of decreasing value as predicted by theory.
Simplifying virtual machine introspection using LibVMI. (2012)

Abstract Not Provided
Construction manpower demand forecasting (2010)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the performance of the vector error‐correction (VEC) econometric modelling technique in predicting short‐ to medium‐term construction manpower demand. Design/methodology/approach The VEC modelling technique is evaluated with two conventional forecasting methods: the Box‐Jenkins approach and the multiple regression analysis, based on the forecasting accuracy on construction manpower demand. Findings While the forecasting reliability of the VEC modelling technique is slightly inferior to the multiple log‐linear regression analysis in terms of forecasting accuracy, the error correction econometric modelling technique outperformed the Box‐Jenkins approach. The VEC and the multiple linear regression analysis in forecasting can better capture the causal relationship between the construction manpower demand and the associated factors. Practical implications Accurate predictions of the level of manpower demand are important for the formulation of successful policy to minimise possible future skill mismatch. Originality/value The accuracy of econometric modelling technique has not been evaluated empirically in construction manpower forecasting. This paper unveils the predictability of the prevailing manpower demand forecasting modelling techniques. Additionally, economic indicators that are significantly related to construction manpower demand are identified to facilitate human resource planning, and policy simulation and formulation in construction.