gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A cautionary perspective on cross-layer design (2005)

Recently, in an effort to improve the performance of wireless networks, there has been increased interest in protocols that rely on interactions between different layers. However, such cross-layer design can run at cross purposes with sound and longer-term architectural principles, and lead to various negative consequences. This motivates us to step back and reexamine holistically the issue of cross-layer design and its architectural ramifications. We contend that a good architectural design leads to proliferation and longevity, and illustrate this with some historical examples. Even though the wireless medium is fundamentally different from the wired one, and can offer undreamt of modalities of cooperation, we show that the conventional layered architecture is a reasonable way to operate wireless networks, and is in fact optimal up to an order. However the temptation and perhaps even the need to optimize by incorporating cross-layer adaptation cannot be ignored, so we examine the issues involved. We show that unintended cross-layer interactions can have undesirable consequences on overall system performance. We illustrate them by certain cross-layer schemes loosely based on recent proposals. We attempt to distill a few general principles for cross-layer design. Moreover, unbridled cross-layer design can lead to spaghetti design, which can stifle further innovation and be difficult to upkeep. At a critical time when wireless networks may be on the cusp of massive proliferation, the architectural considerations may be paramount. We argue that it behooves us to exercise caution while engaging in cross-layer design.
Managing change in the Rufus system (2002)

Rufus is an information system that models user data with objects taken from a class system. Due to the importance of coping with changes to the schema, Rufus has adopted the conformity-based model of Melampus. This model enables Rufus to cope with schema changes more easily than traditional class- and inheritance-based data models. The paper reviews the Melampus data model and describes how it was implemented in the Rufus system. The authors show how changes to the schema can be accommodated with minimum disruption. They also review design decisions that contributed to streamlined schema evolution and compare this approach with those proposed in the literature.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Guggulsterone, a potent hypolipidaemic, prevents oxidation of low density lipoprotein (1997)

The oxidation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) induced by Cu+2 caused marked oxidative changes in the lipid and protein constituents of this lipoprotein in vitro. Guggulsterone prevented the generation of lipid peroxides measured as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, lipid hydroperoxides and conjugated dienes. This compound protected LDL against depletion of lipid constituents such as cholesterol, cholesterol esters, triglyceride and phospholipids as well as inhibiting the conversion of cholesterol into oxygenated cholesterols. Oxidized LDL containing less apoprotein B with a high protein carbonyl value, was more electronegative, as evidenced by the increase in relative electrophoretic mobility (REM) on agarose gel. Guggulsterone significantly protected LDL apoprotein as measured by reversal of REM after oxidation. The protective action of guggulsterone may be due to its free radical scavenging property as this compound significantly inhibited the generation of hydroxyl radicals in a nonenzymic system. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The delay vernier pattern generation technique (1997)

The authors describe a new technique for generating an arbitrary digital data stream with very fine timing resolution. Note that this timing resolution specifies the output edge placement precision, not the bit rate. The resolution is determined by the difference between two propagation delays rather than by an absolute delay. Because this difference can be made very small, the circuit, called the delay vernier generator, can achieve unprecedented timing resolution in a particular circuit technology. Also, this very precise timing is obtained without requiring an extremely high speed clock. The generator architecture includes delay-locked loop calibration mechanisms to compensate for process and temperature variations. A prototype chip was fabricated in a 1.2-/spl mu/m CMOS technology, and measurements confirmed that resolutions as fine as 100 ps can be achieved reliably.
Protecting IMSI and User Privacy in 5G Networks (2016)

In recent years, many cases of compromising users' privacy in telecom networks have been reported. Stories of fake base stations capable of tracking users and collecting their personal data without users' knowledge have emerged. The current way of protecting privacy does not provide any protection against an active attacker on the air-interface, claiming to be a legitimate network that has lost the temporary identity. Moreover, there is also no protection against passive eavesdroppers who are present when requests for International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) are made. This paper presents a new method for protecting the IMSI by means of establishing a pseudonym between the user equipment and the home network. The pseudonym is derived locally at the user equipment and the home network without affecting existing Universal Subscriber Identity Modules (USIMs). We analyse the solution from a technical perspective, as well as from a regulatory and operational perspective. The presented method protects the IMSI from passive and active IMSI-catchers as well as honest but curious serving networks. Moreover, it can recover from lock-out situations where one party has lost the pseudonym.
太阳能风潮席卷全球数——十年来，（太阳能产品）设计一直备受忽视，但如今太阳能器材终于欢庆美形变身 (2010)

太阳能在20世纪80年代开始窜红，创新国家动了动脑筋，开始收获确确实实可说是从天上掉下来的礼物：那就是源源：下断地洒落在地球每平方米有阳光的面积上的1366瓦特的太阳能。大型企业也嗅出了这些自由洒落的光子的商机，而纷纷投入了太阳能产业。在1984年，能源巨子亚科和福洛尔工程企业集团携手合作，
Imide and isatin derivatives as γ-lactam mimics of ß-lactam antibiotics (2002)

Activated -lactams, which are derivatives of succinimide, phthalimide and isatin with suitable elements of molecular recognition, have been synthesised as mimics of the -lactam antibiotics and their chemical and biological reactivity determined.
Combining static and dynamic typing in Ruby (2009)

Many popular scripting languages such as Ruby, Python, and Perl are dynamically typed. Dynamic typing provides many advantages such as terse, flexible code and the ability to use highly dynamic language constructs, such as an eval method that evaluates a string as program text. However these dynamic features have traditionally obstructed static analyses leaving the programmer without the benefits of static typing, including early error detection and the documentation provided by type annotations. In this dissertation, we present Diamondback Ruby (DRuby), a tool that blends static and dynamic typing for Ruby. DRuby provides a type language that is rich enough to precisely type Ruby code, without unneeded complexity. DRuby uses static type inference to automatically discover type errors in Ruby programs and provides a type annotation language that serves as verified documentation of a method’s behavior. When necessary, these annotations can be checked dynamically using runtime contracts. This allows statically and dynamically checked code to safely coexist, and any runtime errors are properly blamed on dynamic code. Tohandle dynamic features such as eval, DRuby includes a novel dynamic analysis and transformation that gathers per-application profiles of dynamic feature usage via a program’s test suite. Based on these profiles, DRuby transforms the program before applying its type inference algorithm, enforcing type safety for dynamic constructs. By leveraging a program’s test suite, our technique gives the programmer an easy to understand trade-off: the more dynamic features covered by their tests, the more static checking is achieved. We evaluated DRuby on a benchmark suite of sample Ruby programs. We found that our profile-guided analysis and type inference algorithms worked well, discovering several previously unknown type errors. Furthermore, our results give us insight into what kind of Ruby code programmers “want ” to write but is not easily amenable to traditional static typing. This dissertation shows that it is possible to effectively integrate static typing into Ruby without losing the feel of a dynamic
Induced Systemic Resistance in Cucumber and Tomato Against Cucumber Mosaic Cucumovirus Using Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) (1996)

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) strains 89B-27 (Pseudomonas fluorescens) and 90-166 (Serratia marcescens), which previously demonstrated induced systemic resistance in cucumber against some fungal and bacterial diseases, were tested for their capacity to protect Cucumis sativus L. cv. Straight 8 from disease development of cucumber mosaic cucumovirus (CMV). Seed treatment with both PGPR strains significantly and consistently reduced mean numbers of symptomatic plants when CMV was inoculated onto cotyledons. Plants treated with PGPR did not develop initial symptoms 14 days after CMV inoculation and remained symptomless throughout the experimental period. In a comprehensive study with cucumber, no viral antigen could be detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in any asymptomatic PGPR-treated plants ; whereas CMV was evident in every leaf of symptomatic plants. The same two PGPR strains were evaluated for effects on CMV symptom development in tomato in three experiments by measuring the disease severity at six observation dates. In all experiments, the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) was significantly lower with strain 89B-27 than in the nonbacterized control. The AUDPC with strain 90-166 was also significantly lower than with strain 89B-27. These results suggest that PGPR should be further evaluated for their potential to contribute toward management of viral plant diseases.
Construction of an Inexpensive, Hand-Held Fundus Camera through Modification of a Consumer “Point-and-Shoot” Camera (2012)

Early prototype development and clinical testing have shown that a consumer digital camera can be inexpensively modified to image the fundus with professional diagnostic quality. The combination of low cost, portability, point-and-shoot operation, and high image quality provides a foundational platform on which one can design an accessible fundus camera to screen for eye disease.
A multi-exposure image fusion algorithm without ghost effect (2011)

This paper proposes a new multi-exposure fusion algorithm for HDR imaging. The advantage of the fusion based method is that it does not actually generate HDR images so that the compression to LDR is also not needed. However, the conventional exposure fusion suffers from ghost effects when there are moving object or hand trembling because the out put is just a weighted sum of multiple exposure input images. In order to alleviate this problem, we propose two kinds of weights in addition to the conventional weights that reflect the contrast, saturation and well-exposedness. The first is the weight that removes the pixels that can cause ghost effects, based on the observation that pixels near the boundary of moving objects often violate the rule that more highly exposed pixel have higher intensity level. The second is to reduce the weight when the correlation between an exposed image and the reference image is low. Experimental results show that the proposed method removes the ghost effectively, and yield less artifacts than the conventional methods.
Low contention load balancing on large-scale multiprocessors (1992)

Article Free Access Share on Low contention load balancing on large-scale multiprocessors Authors: Maurice Herlihy View Profile , Beng-Hong Lim View Profile , Nir Shavit View Profile Authors Info & Claims SPAA '92: Proceedings of the fourth annual ACM symposium on Parallel algorithms and architecturesJune 1992 Pages 219–227https://doi.org/10.1145/140901.140924Published:01 June 1992Publication History 25citation297DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations25Total Downloads297Last 12 Months7Last 6 weeks3 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Longitudinal variation of the E‐region electric fields caused by atmospheric tides (2006)

Polarization electric fields created by the E‐ and F‐region dynamos cause the uplift of F‐region plasma. The subsequent redistribution of that plasma along the magnetic field lines creates the equatorial ionospheric anomaly (EIA). Observations of the post‐sunset EIA made by the IMAGE and TIMED satellites are compared here with CHAMP, Ørsted and SAC‐C observations of the noontime equatorial electrojet (EEJ). During magnetically quiet periods around equinox, the EIA and EEJ show a remarkably similar four‐peaked wave‐like longitudinal variation. Its structure is consistent with the longitudinal variation in the strength of diurnal tides that drive the E‐region dynamo. This indicates a strong vertical coupling between the ionosphere and troposphere because the four‐peaked tidal structure is driven by tropospheric weather. Furthermore, the dayside ionospheric conditions are found to perform the global‐scale longitudinal structure of the post‐sunset ionosphere at low latitudes.
Lithographic flare measurements of Intel’s microexposure tool optics (2006)

Measurements of flare as a function of feature size, pitch, and orientation have been made on Intel’s extreme ultraviolet microexposure tool (MET) using a high sensitivity photoresist. The high sensitivity photoresist does not cross-link at the high doses required to measure flare. The predicted value for intrinsic flare for the MET from mid-spatial frequency roughness (MSFR) of mirror surfaces is 3.5%. After addition of the contribution to flare from high order aberrations to that from MSFR, the modeled value is in excellent agreement with the measured flare for the 1μm line of 4%. The measured flare in the horizontal direction is 5% and is higher than the flare in the vertical direction. The point spread function due to scatter has been computed and the modulation transfer function of the system as a function of pitch has also been measured.
Chloroplast thylakoids reduce glucose uptake and decrease intestinal macromolecular permeability (2011)

Thylakoid membranes, derived from chloroplasts, have previously been shown to retard fat digestion and lower blood glucose levels after oral intake. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of thylakoid membranes on the passage of methyl-glucose, dextran and ovalbumin over rat intestine in vitro using Ussing chambers. The results show that thylakoids retard the passage of each of the test molecules in a dose-dependent way. The thylakoids appear to be attached on the mucosal surface and a mechanism is suggested that the thylakoids delay the passage of the test molecules by sterical hindrance. The present results indicate that thylakoid membranes may be useful both to control intestinal absorption of glucose and to enhance the barrier function of the intestine.
Handbook of Electron Tube and Vacuum Techniques (1965)

Contents: Cleaning of Electron Tubes and Vacuum Components. Electroplating and Stripping. Heat-Treating and Brazing. Induction Heating: Radio-Frequency Heating, Bombarding. Glass-to-metal Seals. Metal and Ceramic Bending. Tube Laboratory Procedures. Heater Design and Preparation. Nickel Bases for Oxide-coated Cathodes. Oxide-coated Cathodes General. Getters and Getter-ion Pumping. Cryopumping. Ultrahigh Vacuum. Vacuum Techniques, Design Procedures, and Construction of Vacuum Tubes and Vessels. Gas Filling of Tubes. Metal Bellows. Procedure for Assembling Tubes. Leak Detection. Vapor Pressure. Glossary.
Carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) revisited: reduced amount of water counterbalances the need for CBMs (2013)

Here we propose that the water content in the natural environments of carbohydrate-degrading organisms might have led to the evolution of various substrate-binding structures. In addition, some well recognized problems of economical saccharification such as unproductive binding of cellulases, which reduces the hydrolysis rate and prevents recycling of enzymes, could be partially overcome by omitting CBMs. This finding could help solve bottlenecks of enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocelluloses and speed up commercialization of second generation bioethanol.
Cell-free cotranslation and selection using in vitro virus for high-throughput analysis of protein–protein interactions and complexes (2005)

We have developed a simple and totally in vitro selection procedure based on cell-free cotranslation using a highly stable and efficient in vitro virus (IVV). Cell-free cotranslation of tagged bait and prey proteins is advantageous for the formation of protein complexes and allows high-throughput analysis of protein-protein interactions (PPI) as a result of providing in vitro instead of in vivo preparation of bait proteins. The use of plural selection rounds and a two-step purification of the IVV selection, followed by in vitro post-selection, is advantageous for decreasing false positives. In a single experiment using bait Fos, more than 10 interactors, including not only direct, but also indirect interactions, were enriched. Further, previously unidentified proteins containing novel leucine zipper (L-ZIP) motifs with minimal binding sites identified by sequence alignment as functional elements were detected as a result of using a randomly primed cDNA library. Thus, we consider that this simple IVV selection system based on cell-free cotranslation could be applicable to high-throughput and comprehensive analysis of PPI and complexes in large-scale settings involving parallel bait proteins.
A robust DCT-based watermarking for copyright protection (2000)

A novel technique for embedding watermarks into a host image in the frequency domain is proposed. Unlike the traditional techniques, the method addresses that the watermark is embedded at low frequency. The weighted correction is also used to improve the imperceptibility of the watermark. Moreover the watermark is self-extractable and the algorithm is simple. Experimental results demonstrate that the watermark is robust to various attacks.
Recrystallized silicon-on-alumina as a monolithic circuit technology (2003)

A microwave monolithic technology based on zone-melt recrystallization (ZMR) of silicon films on alumina substrates using a phosphosilicate glass (PSG) buffer layer is described. While initial recrystallization results confirm the difficulty of obtaining device-quality films with a thermally mismatched substrate, the planarity and viscoelastic strain relief introduced by the PSG indicate that the technology should be feasible. A surface-oriented p-i-n diode device structure has been developed which is compatible with the recrystallized silicon films. Results obtained with this process using single-crystal substrates demonstrate the feasibility of the device structure. The potential of high-power monolithic control circuits is discussed. This technology particularly attractive for phased-array antenna modules from 1 to 5 GHz.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Isoforms and single nucleotide polymorphisms of the FSH receptor gene: implications for human reproduction (2002)

The FSH receptor shows three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), one in the promoter and two in exon 10. In addition, the FSH receptor mRNA undergoes extensive alternative splicing. While no physiological role for the SNP in the promoter and for alternative spliced isoforms has been demonstrated so far, the SNPs in exon 10 result in four discrete allelic variants characterized by the amino acid combinations Thr307-Asn680, Ala307-Ser680, Ala307-Asn680 and Thr307-Ser680. Several studies have demonstrated that the first two allelic variants are very frequent (approximately 60 and 40% respectively) in the Caucasian population. The rarer Ala307-Asn680 and Thr307-Ser680 variants are much less frequent (<5%) in the Chinese. In males the FSH receptor variants are not related to testicular volume, serum FSH or serum inhibin B levels. The two most common receptor variants transiently transfected in COS-7 cells displayed similar functional characteristics. Frequency distribution of the two polymorphisms in normal women and patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome or premature ovarian failure is still under investigation. The homozygous Ala307-Ser680 variant seems to be associated with significantly higher basal serum FSH levels and with a higher amount of FSH required for ovarian stimulation in women undergoing assisted reproduction. This suggests that the FSH receptor genotype can influence the ovarian response to FSH stimulation. The presence of SNPs in the FSH receptor gene capable of modifying FSH action paves the way for future patient-tailored, genotype-based hormone therapies.
Near-ambient solid polymer fuel cell (1993)

Fuel cells are extremely attractive for extraterrestrial and terrestrial applications because of their high energy conversion efficiency without noise or environmental pollution. Among the various fuel cell systems the advanced polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells based on sulfonated fluoropolymers (e.g., Nafion) are particularly attractive because they are fairly rugged, solid state, quite conductive, of good chemical and thermal stability and show good oxygen reduction kinetics due to the low specific adsorption of the electrolyte on the platinum catalyst. The objective of this program is to develop a solid polymer fuel cell which can efficiently operate at near ambient temperatures without ancillary components for humidification and/or pressurization of the fuel or oxidant gases. During the Phase 1 effort we fabricated novel integral electrode-membrane structures where the dispersed platinum catalyst is precipitated within the Nafion ionomer. This resulted in electrode-membrane units without interfacial barriers permitting unhindered water diffusion from cathode to anode. The integral electrode-membrane structures were tested as fuel cells operating on H2 and O2 or air at 1 to 2 atm and 10 to 50 C without gas humidification. We demonstrated that cells with completely dry membranes could be self started at room temperature and subsequently operated on dry gas for extended time. Typical room temperature low pressure operation with unoptimized electrodes yielded 100 mA/cm(exp 2) at 0.5V and maximum currents over 300 mA/cm(exp 2) with low platinum loadings. Our results clearly demonstrate that operation of proton exchange membrane fuel cells at ambient conditions is feasible. Optimization of the electrode-membrane structure is necessary to assess the full performance potential but we expect significant gains in weight and volume power density for the system. The reduced complexity will make fuel cells also attractive for smaller and portable power supplies and as replacement for batteries.
Advanced Topics in Neurological Disorders (2012)

This book presents recent advances in the field of Neurological disorders research. It consists of 9 chapters encompassing a wide range of areas including bioengineering, stem cell transplantation, gene therapy, proteomic analysis, alternative treatment and neuropsychiatry analysis. It highlights the development of multiple discipline approaches in neurological researches. The book brings together leading researchers in neurological disorders and it presents an essential reference for researchers working in the neurological disorders, as well as for students and industrial users who are interested in current developments in neurological researches.