gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improved Vertical Silicon Nanowire Based Thermoelectric Power Generator With Polyimide Filling (2012)

This letter demonstrates two-orders-of-magnitude enhancement in the performance of recently reported vertical silicon nanowire (SiNW)-based thermoelectric power generators (TEGs) by optimizing the filling material. As compared to SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> in the earlier work, the new device uses polyimide as filling material, which provides low parasitic thermal conduction and also reduces the damage to the nanowire tips. Consequently, an open-circuit voltage of 27.9 mV, a short-circuit current of 67 μA (both improved by ~ 17 ×), and a maximum power output of 0.47 μW (improved by ~ 313 ×) were obtained under a temperature difference of 70 K across the experimental setup. The reported improvements bring SiNW-TEGs a step closer to be used as a miniaturized clean energy source.
Genetic analysis of the human type-1 angiotensin II receptor. (1992)

Angiotensin II is a potent pressor hormone and a primary regulator of aldosterone secretion. It acts through at least two types of receptors termed AT1 and AT2. We analyzed cDNA and genomic clones encoding the human angiotensin II type-1 receptor, AT1. The human AT1 gene was mapped to chromosome 3q by polymerase chain reaction analysis of DNA from a panel of human-hamster somatic cell hybrids. The predicted amino acid sequence is 95% identical to the corresponding rat and bovine receptors and 25% and 22% identical, respectively, to the receptors encoded by the RTA and MAS genes. Characterization of several human cDNA clones demonstrated the existence of two alternate 5'-untranslated regions (UTRs) that contain a common initial sequence but differ by the presence or absence of an insertion of 84 base pairs. In the genomic sequence, the coding sequences are contained in a single exon, with an intron occurring in the 5'-UTR at the position of insertion of the 84-base pair sequence. The exons encoding the alternate 5'-UTRs are located at least 3.8 kilobases away from the exon encoding the protein. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that both forms of 5'-UTR are present in approximately equal abundance in a range of tissues expressing AT1. The reagents developed in this work may be useful in testing the hypothesis that genetic variations in angiotensin II receptor function are associated with a tendency to develop hypertension.
Relationships between compressional-wave and shear-wave velocities in clastic silicate rocks (1985)

Abstract New velocity data in addition to literature data derived from sonic log, seismic, and laboratory measurements are analyzed for clastic silicate rocks. These data demonstrate simple systematic relationships between compressional and shear wave velocities. For water-saturated clastic silicate rocks, shear wave velocity is approximately linearly related to compressional wave velocity and the compressional-to-shear velocity ratio decreases with increasing compressional velocity. Laboratory data for dry sandstones indicate a nearly constant compressional-to-shear velocity ratio with rigidity approximately equal to bulk modulus. Ideal models for regular packings of spheres and cracked solids exhibit behavior similar to the observed water-saturated and dry trends. For dry rigidity equal to dry bulk modulus, Gassmann's equations predict velocities in close agreement with data from the water-saturated rock.
Identification and Clonal Characterisation of a Progenitor Cell Sub-Population in Normal Human Articular Cartilage (2010)

In conclusion, we propose that we have identified and characterised a novel cartilage progenitor population resident in human articular cartilage which will greatly benefit future cell-based cartilage repair therapies due to its ability to maintain chondrogenicity upon extensive expansion unlike full-depth chondrocytes that lose this ability at only seven population doublings.
Study of a thermotropic liquid‐crystalline polyester at elevated pressures (1990)

Abstract A thermotropic liquid‐crystalline copolyester of 20% hydroxybenzoic acid, 40% isophthalic acid, and 40% hydroquinone polymer was studied at elevated pressures. The characterization techniques at elevated pressures (0–1000 bar) included high‐pressure differential thermal analysis and dilatometry; at atmospheric pressure, differential scanning calorimetry, thermal optical analysis, and x‐ray analysis were employed. The mechanical properties of the solid specimens prepared at different pressures were studied by compression and dynamic rotation mechanical testing techniques. High‐pressure induced a new crystal habit in the solid state and a new mesophase in the melt. These transitions are summarized in a proposed phase diagram. Mechanical tests on the material produced at elevated pressure indicate the possibility of improved properties, implying that the pressure‐dependent morphological changes in thermotropic copolyesters could be of practical significance. The finding of a pressure‐induced mesophase also confirmed the possibility of extending the range of polymers which might exhibit liquid crystallinity via the application of pressure.
Secure databases: state of the art (2002)

Most of the relational database management systems (RDBMS) used nowadays provide some limited security mechanisms, and facilities offer capabilities to define roles and establish audit trails. Users of RDBMSs are used to working with discretionary access control (DAC) policies. This kind of security is sufficient for a great majority of information systems, however an increasing number of organisations are requiring a securer control mechanism such as the mandatory access control (MAC) implemented in some DBMS products. We give an overview of the MAC database models proposed both in relational and in other kinds of DBMSs (e.g. object-oriented). We review the most common architectures followed in the construction of secure DBMSs and the methodologies that are being developed for designing this kind of database.
Fault Management Based on Machine Learning [Invited] (2019)

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Production of paramylon, a β‐1,3‐glucan, by heterotrophic cultivation of <i>Euglena gracilis</i> on potato liquor (2010)

Abstract Euglena gracilis is shown to be able to grow on potato liquor as the main medium component leading to an interesting biotechnological product represented by paramylon – a β‐1,3‐glucan – and, at the same time, revaluating an otherwise annoying waste stream of the potato‐starch industry. Paramylon mass fractions of about 75% are obtained for biomass concentrations of 15 g/L during simple batch cultivation under heterotrophic conditions. Supplementation of the growth medium with glucose and the vitamins B 1 and B 12 are shown to improve growth rate as well as paramylon content. E. gracilis grows best at about 27.5°C without requiring pH control.
Map Archive Mining: Visual-analytical Approaches to Explore Large Historical Map Collections (2018)

Historical maps constitute unique sources of retrospective geographic information. Recently, several map archives containing map series covering large spatial and temporal extents have been systematically scanned and made available to the public. The geographic information contained in such data archives allows extending geospatial analysis retrospectively beyond the era of digital cartography. However, given the large data volumes of such archives and the low graphical quality of older map sheets, the processes to extract geographic information need to be automated to the highest degree possible. In order to understand the salient characteristics, data quality variation, and potential challenges in large-scale information extraction tasks, preparatory analytical steps are required to efficiently assess spatio-temporal coverage, approximate map content, and spatial accuracy of such georeferenced map archives across different cartographic scales. Such preparatory steps are often neglected or ignored in the map processing literature but represent highly critical phases that lay the foundation for any subsequent computational analysis and recognition. In this contribution we demonstrate how such preparatory analyses can be conducted using classical analytical and cartographic techniques as well as visual-analytical data mining tools originating from machine learning and data science, exemplified for the United States Geological Survey topographic map and Sanborn fire insurance map archives.
Performance analysis of data placement and retrieval schemes for video servers based on response time guaranteed (2002)

A crucial QoS parameter, initial response time for a new request, was often neglected while designing or evaluating the storage subsystem of a video server in previous studies. For different types of services such as interactive video-on-demand, near video-on-demand, and pay-per-view systems, the initial delay of a new request can vary from 0.5 seconds to 5 minutes. This issue has a deep impact on choosing an efficient disk scheduling and data placement scheme for a particular type of video service. In this paper, a new performance model is proposed to evaluate the efficiency of a disk-based video server, in which both factors, number of supported streams and allowable response time, for new requests are considered simultaneously. According to the proposed model, the most efficient storage configuration can be easily obtained under the given parameters.
Material handling robot system for flow-through storage applications (1999)

This paper describes the design, development and planned implementation of a system of mobile robots for use in flow through storage applications. The robots are being designed with on-board embedded controls so that they can perform their tasks as semi-autonomous workers distributed within a centrally controlled network. On the storage input side, boxes will be identified by bar-codes and placed into preassigned flow through bins. On the shipping side, orders will be forwarded to the robots from a central order processing station and boxes will be picked from designated storage bins following proper sequencing to permit direct loading into trucks for shipping. Because of the need to maintain high system availability, a distributed control strategy has been selected. When completed, the system will permit robots to be dynamically reassigned responsibilities if an individual unit fails. On-board health diagnostics and condition monitoring will be used to maintain high reliability of the units.
Blood and urine levels of tea catechins after ingestion of different amounts of green tea by human volunteers. (1998)

The inhibitory activity of tea against tumorigenesis has been demonstrated in many animal models and has been suggested by some epidemiological studies. Such activity has generally been attributed to tea catechins. To understand the bioavailability of tea catechins in humans, we gave 18 individuals different amounts of green tea and measured the time-dependent plasma concentrations and urinary excretion of tea catechins. After taking 1.5, 3.0, and 4.5 g of decaffeinated green tea solids (dissolved in 500 ml of water), the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) was 326 ng/ml, the Cmax of (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC) was 550 ng/ml, and the Cmax of (-)-epicatechin (EC) was 190 ng/ml. These Cmax values were observed at 1.4-2.4 h after ingestion of the tea preparation. When the dosage was increased from 1.5 to 3.0 g, the Cmax values increased 2.7-3.4-fold, but increasing the dose to 4.5 g did not increase the Cmax values significantly, which suggested a saturation phenomenon. The half-life of EGCG (5.0-5.5 h) seemed to be higher than the half-life of EGC or EC (2.5-3.4 h). EGC and EC, but not EGCG, were excreted in the urine. Over 90% of the total urinary EGC and EC was excreted within 8 h. When the tea dosage was increased, the amount of EGC and EC excretion seemed to increase, but a clear dose-response relationship was not observed. The present study provides basic pharmacokinetic parameters of green tea catechins in humans; these parameters may be used to estimate the levels of these compounds after drinking tea.
Online social networks: Enhancing user trust through effective controls and identity management (2011)

Online social networking is one of the largest Internet activities, with almost one third of all daily Internet users visiting these websites. Characteristics of this environment are issues relating to trust, user privacy and anonymity. Service providers are focused primarily on acquiring users and little attention is given to the effective management of these users within the social networking environment. In order to examine this problem, user trust and its enhancement is discussed. An evaluation of current identity management processes and effective controls is undertaken, in order to understand the current environment. Lastly, by means of a detailed experiment focusing on the two main online social networking providers, Facebook and MySpace, controls and identity management processes were assessed for vulnerabilities. The findings of this experiment, together with the current environment of controls and identity management practices, form the proposed set of controls. These controls are aimed at increasing trust and privacy through the effective implementation of these controls and identity management processes.
Dependable reconfigurable multi-sensor poles for security (2009)

This paper has discussed an advanced concept for highly dependable wireless sensor network poles for security under harsh environments. It incorporates inherent sensor health monitors which monitor the environment which are crucial for its reliability.
&lt;title&gt;Scalable multicast feedback&lt;/title&gt; (1999)

Within a few years, the number of live audio and video programs available on the Internet will increase dramatically. As the INternet grows as an entertainment medium, content providers are eager to access ratings information to know better what people are interested in and be able to personalize the programs. However, whereas it is easy to know how many people have connected to a given Web site, gathering rating about what multicast viewers are watching does not scale, because there could potentially by millions of viewers connected to a multicast group. This paper presents a novel scheme at the application level to gather feedback form multicast receivers in a scalable way. Our model based on the random sampling of receivers, scale well for very large group since we only need partial feedback to estimate the ratings.
Lipid Composition of the Tissues of Human Knee Joints (1984)

Synovial fluid was aspirated from the knees of 125 patients and lipid profiles were determined. The patients had knee injuries with or without fracture of bone; these lipid profiles were compared with "controls" (synovial fluid obtained at surgery from patients that did not have a knee injury). Floating lipid droplets were observed in some of the synovial fluid from patients with fractures. These lipid droplets could be separated as a well-defined supernatant layer after a few minutes of centrifugation (100 X g). This layer was found to consist mostly of triglycerides. The synovial fluid from patients with fracture and those with only soft-tissue trauma showed increases in total lipids and triglyceride content but had lower phospholipids when compared with nontraumatized knees. Phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, sphingomyelin, cholesterol, monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, and free fatty acids were present in all synovial fluids assayed. The large amount of triglycerides in the synovial fluid in many cases may be a good indicator of marrow leakage. Because the soft tissue surrounding the knee is also rich in triglycerides, a low phospholipid level in some cases may be an even better indicator of marrow leakage.
Bayesian structure learning using dynamic programming and MCMC (2012)

MCMC methods for sampling from the space of DAGs can mix poorly due to the local nature of the proposals that are commonly used. It has been shown that sampling from the space of node orders yields better results [FK03, EW06]. Recently, Koivisto and Sood showed how one can analytically marginalize over orders using dynamic programming (DP) [KS04, Koi06]. Their method computes the exact marginal posterior edge probabilities, thus avoiding the need for MCMC. Unfortunately, there are four drawbacks to the DP technique: it can only use modular priors, it can only compute posteriors over modular features, it is difficult to compute a predictive density, and it takes exponential time and space. We show how to overcome the first three of these problems by using the DP algorithm as a proposal distribution for MCMC in DAG space. We show that this hybrid technique converges to the posterior faster than other methods, resulting in more accurate structure learning and higher predictive likelihoods on test data.
Image texture description using complex wavelet transform (2000)

Texture description is important for image retrieval from various large image databases. A method for representing texture information in images utilizing dual tree complex wavelet transform (DT-CWT) is introduced. Approximate shift invariance, good directional selectivity and computational efficiency properties of DT-CWT are effective in describing texture patterns. The perfect reconstruction property of DT-CWT enables us to store the image data using DT-CWT coefficients. Experiments are performed with Brodatz (1966) texture database and nature images that have significant amount of texture information to investigate the efficiency of our texture description algorithm.
Simplicity-minded management. A practical guide to stripping complexity out of your organization. (2007)

Large organizations are by nature complex, but over the years new business challenges--globalization, innovative technologies, and regulations, to name a few--have conspired to add layer upon layer of complexity to corporate structure and management. Organizations have become increasingly ungovernable and unwieldy: Performance is declining, accountability is unclear, decision rights are muddy, and data are crunched repeatedly, often with no clear purpose in mind. To avoid frustration and inefficiency, executives need to systematically attack the causes of complexity in their companies. Ashkenas and his partners at Robert H. Schaffer & Associates have worked with dozens of firms to help them develop strategies for simplifying. In this article, the author details the elements of a simplicity-minded strategy: Streamline the structure; prune products, services, and features; build disciplined processes; and improve managerial habits. ConAgra Foods' experience illustrates how one company turned itself around through careful execution of a simplicity strategy. The packaged-food supplier had become enormously successful by acquiring well-known brands and then allowing them to operate autonomously, evolving into a $14 billion organization with more than 100 brands, a food services business, and a commodity trading operation. ConAgra, however, had no common method for reporting, tracking, or analyzing results. Over time, therefore, it became a highly unwieldy enterprise, riddled with inefficiencies and unable to communicate adequately with investors and other stakeholders. When CEO Gary Rodkin came on board, in 2005, he invested in a series of initiatives to combat complexity. The tactic not only made life easier for customers and employees but also saved millions of dollars in costs. This article has an online interactive questionnaire that can help you assess your own company's level of complexity.
Old Enzymes for a New Job (Herbicide Detoxification in Plants) (1996)

Higher plants are equipped with a remarkably versatile system that protects them from the potentially phytotoxic actions of xenobiotics, i.e. synthetic chemicals present in the plant's environment. Particularly striking is the natural tolerance of certain plants toward herbicides that profoundly affect closely related species. This phenomenon of herbicide selectivity is widely exploited in agriculture to control competing weeds in a field of crop plants that are tolerant to the particular herbicide. Herbicide selectivity is, in most cases, based primarily on the differential ability of plant species to metabolically detoxify the herbicide (Lamoureux et al., 1991; Cole, 1994). Metabolic herbicide inactivation has been employed in the genetic engineering of crops for herbicide tolerance (Hinchee et al., 1993). Finally, enhanced herbicide detoxification is one of the mechanisms of herbicide resistance, in addition to altered target site susceptibility and yet-unknown mechanisms, that may emerge within formerly susceptible weed species upon continuous use of the same herbicide or herbicide class (Holt et al., 1993). It is well documented that plants are able to metabolize and detoxify herbicides by a variety of enzymatic reactions and with extraordinary diversity among species. Furthermore, recent research has revealed that transporters in the vacuolar membrane mediate the energydependent export of herbicide metabolites into the large central vacuole (Martinoia et al., 1993).
Stabilization of Peptide Vesicles by Introducing Inter-Peptide Disulfide Bonds (2009)

Introduction of cysteines into the hydrophobic domain of the SA2 amphiphilic oligopeptides is a feasible strategy for crosslinking the peptide vesicles. Such small crosslinked oligopeptide vesicles may hold promise for drug delivery applications.
Versatility of a colorless and directionless WSS based ROADM architecture (2009)

In core/metro optical networks there are multi-degree nodes providing N path interconnections and alternate paths for protection. This paper presents the optimum implementation of a colorless and directionless add/drop switching feature in a mesh network, using the WSS based ROADM. The idea of scaling, viewed as an increase in route degree and number of wavelengths handled in each direction is then addressed. Subsequently, we suggest the best ways in which specific advantages like dynamically optimizing light paths by optical bridge-and-roll, avoiding O-E-O operations and blocking specific wavelengths can be leveraged. Finally, practical implementation issues like power loss, OSNR and cost considerations are discussed.