gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HLA-A Gene Polymorphism Defined by High-Resolution Sequence-Based Typing in 161 Northern Chinese Han People (2003)

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system is the most polymorphic region known in the human genome. In the present study, we analyzed for the first time the HLA-A gene polymorphisms defined by the high-resolution typing methods-sequence-based typing (SBT) in 161 Northern Chinese Han people. A total of 74 different HLA-A gene types and 36 alleles were detected. The most frequent alleles were A*110101 (GF=0.2360), A*24020101 (GF=0.1646), and A*020101 (GF=0.1553); followed by A*3303 (GF=0.1180), A*3001 (GF=0.0590), and A*310102 (GF=0.0404). The frequencies of following alleles, A*0203, A*0205, A*0206, A*0207, A*030101, A*2423, A*2601, A*3201, and A*3301, are all higher than 0.0093. The homozygous alleles include A*020101, A*110101, A*24020101 and A*310102. Heterozygosity (H), polymorphism information content (PIC), discrimination power (DP) and probability of paternity exclusion (PPE) of HLA-A in the samples were calculated and their values were 0.8705, 0.8491, 0.6014, and 0.9475, respectively. These results by SBT analysis of HLA-A polymorphism in Northern Chinese Han population, especially the allele subtypes character, will be of great interest for clinical transplantation, disease-associated study and forensic identification. Implementation of high-resolution typing methods allows a significantly wider spectrum of HLA variation including rare alleles. This spectrum will further be extensively utilized in many fields.
Hybrid-state driver/vehicle modelling, estimation and prediction (2010)

The first part of this study develops a general architecture for estimation and prediction of hybrid-state systems. The proposed system utilizes the hybrid characteristics of decision-behaviour coupling of many systems such as the driver and the vehicle; uses estimates of observable parameters to track instantaneous discrete state and predicts the most likely outcome, depending on the discrete model and the observed behaviour of the continuous subsystem. The proposed method is suitable for the scenarios that involve unknown decisions of other individuals, such as lane changes or intersection precedence/access. In the second part, this paper specifically deals with the implementation of the proposed methodology on an intersection safety system, predicting the vehicle behaviours and potential outcomes through traffic intersection scenarios. Driver intentions are tracked and predicted through vehicle behaviour, and possible combinations of intention predictions for different vehicles are interpreted for the safety of the situation.
Soluble Lumican Glycoprotein Purified from Human Amniotic Membrane Promotes Corneal Epithelial Wound Healing (2005)

The diversified functions of lumican include modulation of epithelial cells in wound healing and serving as an extracellular matrix component. Administration of lumican may be beneficial for treating epithelial defects in the cornea and other tissues.
Mechanical fabrication of rare earth metals (1959)

Progress is reviewed on the fabrication techniques for rare earth metals including the processing into ingots, extrusion, forging, hot and cold rolling, swaging, and machining. (J.E.D.)
Exchange-spring permanent magnet particles produced by spark-erosion (2003)

Exchange-spring permanent magnet particles of composition Pr6.93Fe85.7B5.95Nb1.39 in at. % were prepared by spark-erosion in liquid argon. The best exchange-spring properties were achieved after vacuum annealing the as-sparked powders at 700 °C for ∼5 min, and did not change significantly for anneals up to 120 min. This behavior suggests that the equilibrium dimensions of the “hard” and “soft” phases were determined by the sizes of the spark-eroded particles in which they developed. The Pr2Fe14B phase developed as spheres, likely single crystals, in an α-Fe+Fe2B matrix.
Energy optimization for the design of corn‐based ethanol plants (2008)

Abstract In this work, we address the problem of optimizing corn‐based bioethanol plants through the use of heat integration and mathematical programming techniques. The goal is to reduce the operating costs of the plant. Capital cost, energy usage, and yields—all contribute to production cost. Yield and energy usage also influence the viability of corn‐based ethanol as a sustainable fuel. We first propose a limited superstructure of alternative designs including the various process units and utility streams involved in ethanol production. Our objective is to determine the connections in the network and the flow in each stream in the network such that we minimize the energy requirement of the overall plant. This is accomplished through the formulation of a mixed‐integer nonlinear programming problem involving short‐cut models for mass and energy balances for all the units in the system, where the model is solved through two nonlinear programming subproblems. We then perform a heat integration study on the resulting flowsheet; the modified flowsheet includes multieffect distillation columns that further reduces energy consumption. The results indicate that it is possible to reduce the current steam consumption required in the transformation of corn into fuel grade ethanol by more than 40% compared to initial basic design. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008
Evaluation of muscle activities during locking-unlocking movements. (2006)

The recorded muscle activity obtained with the lock at 80 cm from the ground surface was lower compared with the activities recorded at 100 cm and 120 cm. For this reason, we suggest that it could be better to locate the lock at 80 cm from the ground surface.
Using the cross-bridge structure to monitor the effective oxide sidewall-spacer width in LDD transistors (1985)

The cross-bridge structure in a large polysilicon sheet is proposed as a simple test vehicle for routinely monitoring the reproducibility, uniformity, and width of the effective oxide sidewall-spacer commonly employed in the lightly-doped-drain (LDD) transistor structure. The feasibility has been demonstrated and reported here.
Correction - Organic Sulfur Compounds. I. Hydroperoxide Intermediates in the Co-Oxidation of Mercaptans and Olefins (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCorrection - Organic Sulfur Compounds. I. Hydroperoxide Intermediates in the Co-Oxidation of Mercaptans and OlefinsAlexis OswaldCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1959, 24, 12, 2074Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1959Publication History Published online18 July 2003Published inissue 1 December 1959https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01094a650RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views26Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (76 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Chip Fractures in the Carpus of the Horse: A Radiographic Study of Their Incidence and Location (1970)

SUMMARY The incidence of chip fractures in carpal bones and the distal end of the radius in the horse was determined. The radial carpal bone was involved 50% of the time, with the distal end of the radius and intermediate and 3rd carpal bones being involved less frequently. Nine locations were designated where chip fractures in the carpus occurred most often. A higher incidence of fractures was noticed from the right carpus, with slab fractures of the 3rd carpal bone being noticed more frequently on the right front limb.
Line broadening analysis using integral breadth methods: a critical review (2004)

Integral breadth methods for line profile analysis are reviewed, including modifications of the Williamson–Hall method recently proposed for the specific case of dislocation strain broadening. Two cases of study, supported by the results of a TEM investigation, are considered in detail: nanocrystalline ceria crystallized from amorphous precursors and highly deformed nickel powder produced by extensive ball milling. A further application concerns a series of Fe–Mo powder specimens that were ball milled for increasing time. Traditional and modified Williamson–Hall methods confirm their merits for a rapid overview of the line broadening effects and possible understanding of the main causes. However, quantitative results are generally not reliable. Limits in the applicability of integral breadth methods and reliability of the results are discussed in detail.
Image Data Compression by Predictive Coding I: Prediction Algorithms (1974)

This paper deals with predictive coding techniques for efficient transmission or storage of two-level (black and white) digital images. Part I discusses algorithms for prediction. A predictor transforms the two-dimensional dependence in the original data into a form which can be handled by coding techniques for one-dimensional data. The implementation and performance of a fixed predictor, an adaptive predictor with finite memory, and an adaptive linear predictor are discussed. Results of experiments performed on various types of scanned images are also presented. Part II deals with techniques for encoding the prediction error pattern to achieve compression of data.
Benefits and requirements of vitamin D for optimal health: a review. (2005)

Vitamin D sufficiency is required for optimal health. The conditions with strong evidence for a protective effect of vitamin D include several bone diseases, muscle weakness, more than a dozen types of internal cancers, multiple sclerosis, and type 1 diabetes mellitus. There is also weaker evidence for several other diseases and conditions. There are good reasons that vitamin D sufficiency be maintained during all stages of life, from fetal development to old age. Adequate calcium intake is also recommended. The current vitamin D requirements in the United States are based on protection against bone diseases. These guidelines are being revised upward in light of new findings, especially for soft-tissue health. The consensus of scientific understanding appears to be that vitamin D deficiency is reached for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels less than 20 ng/mL (50 nmol/L), insufficiency in the range from 20-32 ng/mL, and sufficiency in the range from 33-80 ng/mL, with normal in sunny countries 54-90 ng/mL, and excess greater than 100 ng/mL. Solar ultraviolet-B (UVB) irradiation is the primary source of vitamin D for most people. In general, the health benefits accruing from moderate UV irradiation, without erythema or excess tanning, greatly outweigh the health risks, with skin pigmentation (melanin) providing much of the protection. In the absence of adequate solar UVB irradiation due to season, latitude, or lifestyle, vitamin D can be obtained from fortified food, oily fish, vitamin D supplements, and artificial sources of UVB radiation.
Biomechanical risk factors for occupationally related low back disorders (1995)

A continuing challenge for ergonomists has been to determine quantitatively the types of trunk motion and how much trunk motion contributes to the risk of occupationally-related low back disorder (LBD). It has been difficult to include this motion information in workplace assessments since the speed at which trunk motion becomes dangerous has not been determined. An in vivo study was performed to assess the contribution of three-dimensional dynamic trunk motions to the risk of LBD during occupational lifting in industry. Over 400 industrial lifting jobs were studied in 48 varied industries. The medical records in these industries were examined so that specific jobs historically categorized as either low, medium, or high risk for occupationally-related LBD could be identified. A tri-axial electrogoniometer was worn by workers and documented the three-dimensional angular position, velocity, and acceleration characteristics of the lumbar spine while workers worked at these low, medium, or high risk jobs. Workplace and individual characteristics were also documented for each of the repetitive lifting tasks. A multiple logistic regression model indicated that a combination of five trunk motion and workplace factors predicted well both medium risk and high risk occupational-related LBD. These factors included lifting frequency, load moment, trunk lateral velocity, trunk twisting velocity, and trunk sagittal angle. Increases in the magnitude of these factors significantly increased the risk of LBD. The analyses have enabled us to determine the LBD risk associated with combined changes in the magnitudes of the five factors. The results indicate that by suitably varying these five factors observed during the lift collectively, the odds of high risk group membership may decrease by over ten times. These results were related to the biomechanical, ergonomic, and epidemiologic literature. The five trunk motion and workplace factors could be used as quantitative, objective measures to redesign the workplace so that the risk of occupationally-related LBD is minimized.
Introduction (2011)

This chapter outlines the book’s unusual approach. Rather than compare characteristics of moral beliefs to levels of economic performance across societies, it undertakes a thought experiment launched by the following question: If a society’s sole objective is to maximize general prosperity, and it can choose its own moral beliefs, what kinds of moral beliefs would it choose? It briefly discusses how such beliefs provide a moral foundation for economic behavior. It connects moral beliefs to economic behavior through trust behaviour, and reviews evidence on the relationship between trust and economic performance. It reviews some of the major issues covered in the book including genuine trust, group size, and the role of culture. In then provides an overview of the central arguments.
Automatic selection of visemes for image-based visual speech synthesis (2002)

An image based approach provides an efficient way for visual speech synthesis. In an image based visual speech synthesis system, a few lip images, namely visemes, are used for generating an arbitrary new sentence. Many approaches select visemes manually. The authors propose a method for a system to automatically select visemes by minimizing the synthesis error. The feasibility of the proposed method has been demonstrated by experiments. We describe an application of image based visual speech synthesis to a multimodal communication agent for a translation task where two people, who speak different languages, can talk to each other over the Internet.
Fast generation of chain code (1980)

The chain code is an attractive and economical method of coding a binary image, but it is not particularly easy to generate. This article describes a hardware/software mechanism for improving the speed of chain-code generation. At the heart of the procedure is an r.o.m. which is used to detect certain (binary) patterns in the input image. The r.o.m. also controls the acquisition of data by an r.a.m.; the result is a set of data triples of the form (x co-ordinate, y co-ordinate, chain-code element) describing a certain subset of the edge points. A software algorithm is then used to ‘thread’ these elemental items together to generate the complete chain-code string. The procedure can accommodate holes and multiblob images.
Experimental feasibility of spin-torque oscillator with synthetic field generation layer for microwave assisted magnetic recording (2011)

We investigated the oscillation characteristics of a fabricated spin-torque oscillator (STO) with a synthetic field generation layer (FGL) composed of the FGL and perpendicular anisotropy magnetic layer in microwave assisted magnetic recording (MAMR). The fabricated STO was composed of a perpendicularly magnetized reference layer/interlayer/synthetic-FGL. The STO with synthetic-FGL showed very narrow peaks caused by spin-torque oscillation. We also found oscillating frequency of the fabricated STO increased as the external field increased. This implies that the FGL magnetization rotates out-of-plane. Calculations by micromagnetic simulation were qualitatively consistent with the STO measurements. The calculated magnetization configurations in the synthetic-FGL formed a single domain but the one in the single-FGL formed multiple domains. This is one reason that the synthetic-FGL is estimated to generate a larger ac-field. In sum, we experimentally confirmed the effective oscillation of fabricated STO with a synthetic-FGL even with a thick FGL and its feasibility for high areal density in MAMR.
Visual guidance in the exploration of large databases (2010)

Software tools for visualizing very large multidimensional databases have become increasingly important to discover interesting relationships among variables. While current tools implement operations such as drilling down, rolling up, and slicing data tables to help users notice interesting features of the data, the onus is on the user to choose the dimensions for drill down, or other operations. Expert knowledge is required to do this effectively and, since many users are novices, incorrect choices often lead to dead-ends, backtracking, confusion, and frustration. We suggest a novel approach to the selection of dimensions that relies on the interactive presentation of small multiples of thumbnail visualizations, before performing drill down or roll up operations. These previews of distributions, relationships, and associations, before variable selection, compel visual comparisons of change and difference, thus highlighting the options that are most likely to lead to productive paths.
Learning as search optimization (2005)

Mappings to structured output spaces (strings, trees, partitions, etc.) are typically learned using extensions of classification algorithms to simple graphical structures (eg., linear chains) in which search and parameter estimation can be performed exactly. Unfortunately, in many complex problems, it is rare that exact search or parameter estimation is tractable. Instead of learning exact models and searching via heuristic means, we embrace this difficulty and treat the structured output problem in terms of approximate search. We present a framework for learning as search optimization, and two parameter updates with convergence the-orems and bounds. Empirical evidence shows that our integrated approach to learning and decoding can outperform exact models at smaller computational cost.
Applying artificial neural network models to clinical decision making. (2000)

Because psychological assessment typically lacks biological gold standards, it traditionally has relied on clinicians' expert knowledge. A more empirically based approach frequently has applied linear models to data to derive meaningful constructs and appropriate measures. Statistical inferences are then used to assess the generality of the findings. This article introduces artificial neural networks (ANNs), flexible nonlinear modeling techniques that test a model's generality by applying its estimates against "future" data. ANNs have potential for overcoming some shortcomings of linear models. The basics of ANNs and their applications to psychological assessment are reviewed. Two examples of clinical decision making are described in which an ANN is compared with linear models, and the complexity of the network performance is examined. Issues salient to psychological assessment are addressed.
Synthesis and Purification of Mono‐PEGylated Insulin (2007)

Monomethoxypoly(ethylene glycol) 5000 (mPEG5K) and 2000 (mPEG2K) were activated to produce mPEG-aldehyde with content over 80%. Effects of reaction time, pH and initial molar ratio of mPEG-aldehyde to insulin on synthesis of PEGylated insulin were studied, taking mPEG5K-aldehyde as a model. On the optimized condition, approximately 90% of product was mono-PEGylated insulin. Mono-PEGylated insulin was purified by ion-exchange chromatography. The purity of each component was analysed by RP-HPLC and the results showed an efficient purification. Matrix assistant laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectra demonstrated that the modification site of mono-PEGylated insulin was PheB1. The biological activity of all PEGylated insulin was also evaluated.
How outage management systems can improve customer service (2002)

This paper presents how currently, implemented outage management systems (OMS) can improve an electric utility's operations and provide additional customer services for that utility. These systems have been developed with interfaces into supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA), automatic meter reading systems (AMR), utility call centers, customer information systems (CIS), and an automated mapping/facility management/geographic information system (AM/FM/GIS) systems. These systems are currently reducing the average outage restoration by over 30%, in comparison to utility control centers that do not have an integrated outage management system. OMS technology has progressed into determining "where" the actual outage has taken place. This has improved the dispatching of crews, provided the utility's customer service representatives with up-to-date outage knowledge and increased the effectiveness of outage restoration personnel. Overall reliability of the electric system has improved due to shorter outages and customer satisfaction is increased due to these shorter restorations.
SkullConduct (2016)

Secure user identification is important for the increasing number of eyewear computers but limited input capabilities pose significant usability challenges for established knowledge-based schemes, such as passwords or PINs. We present SkullConduct, a biometric system that uses bone conduction of sound through the user's skull as well as a microphone readily integrated into many of these devices, such as Google Glass. At the core of SkullConduct is a method to analyze the characteristic frequency response created by the user's skull using a combination of Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficient (MFCC) features as well as a computationally light-weight 1NN classifier. We report on a controlled experiment with 10 participants that shows that this frequency response is person-specific and stable -- even when taking off and putting on the device multiple times -- and thus serves as a robust biometric. We show that our method can identify users with 97.0% accuracy and authenticate them with an equal error rate of 6.9%, thereby bringing biometric user identification to eyewear computers equipped with bone conduction technology.