gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improving infrared vehicle detection with polarisation (2013)

Vehicle detection in infrared imagery can be a difficult task due to the presence of clutter and weak target signatures. However, the infrared polarimetric signature of vehicles can be strong and distinctive. Descriptors based on infrared polarimetric imagery are shown to provide improved vehicle detection performance above those based on infrared intensity alone. A new polarimetric histogram descriptor, built from the degree and angle of polarisation of a vehicle, is proposed.
A 12 <i>R</i> -lipoxygenase in human skin: Mechanistic evidence, molecular cloning, and expression (1998)

A recognized feature of psoriasis and other proliferative dermatoses is accumulation in the skin of the unusual arachidonic acid metabolite, 12R-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12R-HETE). This hydroxy fatty acid is opposite in chirality to the product of the well-known 12S-lipoxygenase and heretofore in mammals is known only as a product of cytochrome P450s. Here we provide mechanistic evidence for a lipoxygenase route to 12R-HETE in human psoriatic tissue and describe a 12R-lipoxygenase that can account for the biosynthesis. Initially we demonstrated retention of the C-12 deuterium of octadeuterated arachidonic acid in its conversion to 12R-HETE in incubations of psoriatic scales, indicating the end product is not formed by isomerization from 12S-H(P)ETE via the 12-keto derivative. Secondly, analysis of product formed from [10R-3H] and [10S-3H]-labeled arachidonic acids revealed that 12R-HETE synthesis is associated with stereospecific removal of the pro-R hydrogen from the 10-carbon of arachidonate. This result is compatible with 12R-lipoxygenase-catalyzed formation of 12R-HETE and not with a P450-catalyzed route to 12R-HETE in psoriatic scales. We cloned a lipoxygenase from human keratinocytes; the cDNA and deduced amino acid sequences share </=50% identity to other human lipoxygenases. This enzyme, when expressed in Hela cells, oxygenates arachidonic acid to 12-HPETE, >98% 12R in configuration. The 12R-lipoxygenase cDNA is detectable by PCR in psoriatic scales and as a 2.5-kilobase mRNA by Northern analysis of keratinocytes. Identification of this enzyme extends the known distribution of R-lipoxygenases to humans and presents an additional target for potential therapeutic interventions in psoriasis.
Optical Properties of a Class of Inhomogeneous Thin Films (1963)

Thin films with a gradient of the refractive index in the direction z perpendicular to the film surface may be produced by varying the ratio of the evaporation rates of two sources, operated simultaneously and containing different substances. An analytical expression for the refractive index n=n(z) is derived by using certain assumptions about the optical properties of binary dielectric mixtures and assuming that the rates are linear functions of time. The reflectance of such films as function of the wave-number is calculated, supposing that the indices of the two substances are 2· 3 and 4·1. In particular, the heights and positions of the first three reflectance maxima and minima are studied and compared with those of homogeneous films with refractive index equal to the mean value of the index of the inhomogeneous films. It is shown that an inhomogeneous film has lower minima than the corresponding homogeneous film. The maxima are sometimes lower, sometimes higher. The positions are sometimes shifted towards lower, sometimes towards higher wave-numbers.
Approximated Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Carrier Frequency Offset in Practical OFDM Systems (2007)

This paper proposes a high-performance and relatively low-complexity approximated maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) for carrier frequency offset (CFO) in practical orthogonal frequency multiplexing (OFDM) systems, where the preamble has repetition structure in time domain, null subcarriers are allocated at two ends of the frequency spectrum, and the channel impulse response is assumably not longer than the cyclic prefix. We show the optimality of conventional MLEs do not hold in such systems, and derive a universal MLE and its modified Cramer-Rao lower bound in the general case. To reduce the complexity, we propose to cascade it with a low-complexity rough CFO estimator so that only a moderate number of maxima searches are needed to achieve satisfactory performance. Simulation with the IEEE 802.16 preamble symbol confirms the excellent performance of the proposed method.
A Study on the Toughening of Bond Bridge of Ni-Cu-Sn Alloy - Development of Porous Metal Bonded Diamond Wheel. (1998)

It has been aimed to develop porous metal bonded diamond wheel with an ideal bond bridge like a vitrified bond, the pore rates of about 50 vol% and the bending strength of 10 to 50 MPa, because a lot of merits, such as low grinding temperature and a few grinding force, many chip pockets and easy dressing and truing, may be obtained. The following conclusions are obtained by some treatments. (1) The phosphorus diffuses into bond bridge with oxygen by heating after the phosphorating treatment. (2) The shear strength of bond bridge and the elastic modulus of bending test pieces increased by the heat treatment under high pressure by the diffusion of phosphorus and the subzero treatment by a martensite transformation of metal. (3) The original targets of development of porous metal bonded diamond wheel are accomplished with such treatments.
Experimental investigation on thermal conductivity of nanofluids containing graphene oxide nanosheets (2010)

Nanofluids containing graphene oxide nanosheets have substantially higher thermal conductivities than the base fluids. The thermal conductivity enhancement ratios with the loading 5.0 vol % are up to 30.2%, 62.3%, and 76.8%, when the base fluids are distilled water, propyl glycol and liquid paraffin, respectively. The enhancement ratios of the nanofluids are almost constant with the tested temperature varying, and they are reduced with the increasing thermal conductivity of the base fluids. Heat transport along the graphene oxide plane is proposed to be the major contributions to the increase in the thermal conductivity.
High-Pressure Electrochemical Promotion of Ammonia Synthesis over an Industrial Iron Catalyst (2000)

The catalytic reaction of ammonia synthesis is of paramount importance in the chemical industry, mainly for fertilizers production.1,2 The reaction is equilibrium limited and is favored by low temperatures and high operating pressure. Since the pioneering work of Haber and Bosch the industrial ammonia synthesis is carried out over potassium-promoted Fe catalysts at pressures up to 300 bar. Here we show that the catalytic activity of state-of-the-art fully promoted industrial ammonia synthesis catalysts can be enhanced by up to 1300% by interfacing the catalyst with a proton conductor (CaIn0.1Zr0.9O3-α) and electrochemically supplying protons to the catalyst surface. The rate increase is up to 6 times larger than the rate of proton supply to the catalyst. This is the first demonstration of the effect of electrochemical promotion, or non-Faradaic electrochemical modification of catalytic activity (NEMCA)3-9 using a commercial catalyst and under high (50 bar) pressure. It is also the first demonstration of scale-up of an electrochemically promoted catalytic reactor as 24 electrically connected catalyst pellets were used. The results could in principle lead to a substantial decrease in the operating temperature and pressure of ammonia synthesis reactors.
Electrostatic forward-viewing scanning probe for Doppler optical coherence tomography using a dissipative polymer catheter (2008)

A novel flexible scanning optical probe is constructed with a finely etched optical fiber strung through a platinum coil in the lumen of a dissipative polymer. The packaged probe is 2.2 mm in diameter with a rigid length of 6mm when using a ball lens or 12 mm when scanning the fiber proximal to a gradient-index (GRIN) lens. Driven by constant high voltage (1-3 kV) at low current (< 5 microA), the probe oscillates to provide wide forward-viewing angle (13 degrees and 33 degrees with ball and GRIN lens designs, respectively) and high-frame-rate (10-140 fps) operation. Motion of the probe tip is observed with a high-speed camera and compared with theory. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging with the probe is demonstrated with a wavelength-swept source laser. Images of an IR card as well as in vivo Doppler OCT images of a tadpole heart are presented. This optomechanical design offers a simple, inexpensive method to obtain a high-frame-rate forward-viewing scanning probe.
Hook Up, Get Hired!: The Internet Job Search Revolution (1995)

From the Publisher:
A successful author and leading career columnist provides superlative information regarding opportunities offered by electronic job ads, various employment-related online databases and informal bulletin boards available on the Internet. Identifies commercial and nonprofit services that post help-wanted ads. Contains excellent tips on analyzing technical and personal skills and how to use them in searching for appropriate job matches. Features the experiences of approximately 50 individuals in an outplacement center with online job searching. Includes a brief overview of Internet etiquette.
Molecular Weight of Sol and Gel in Crude Hevea Rubber (1940)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation A. R. Kemp, H. Peters; Molecular Weight of Sol and Gel in Crude Hevea Rubber. Rubber Chemistry and Technology 1 March 1940; 13 (1): 11–27. doi: https://doi.org/10.5254/1.3546505 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest Search
A CENTURY OF FERMENTER DESIGN (1986)

Modern designs of continuous and batch fermenters owe their origins to the first decade of the 20th Century. The cylindro-conical vessel, if designed to carry out fermentation and maturation above 3°C, appears the best choice of batch fermenter for most purposes. For quality reasons its height should be minimised consistent with retaining a sufficiently steep cone for yeast removal and adequate turbulence for effective temperature control. Radical changes in design are not anticipated in the near future. Development effort is likely to focus increasingly on automatic control of fermentation. This development in turn will redirect attention to continuous fermentation which was more or less abandoned ten years ago following failure of commercial systems which had acknowledged defects. These can be overcome in modified systems, at least one of which has been tested successfully on an experimental scale.
Security of Applications Involving Multiple Organizations and Order Preserving Encryption in Hybrid Cloud Environments (2014)

Security of data stored and processed on the public cloud is a major concern. In this paper we argue that hybrid clouds provide an ideal environment for applications which require cooperation of multiple organizations, each organization has to coordinate some aspects of its activity and share some data with several other organizations, yet has strict security requirements for its own private data. Such applications could benefit from a hybrid cloud environment. Ideally, "big data" should be encrypted and stored on the public cloud. Private data should be migrated and processed on the private cloud while non-confidential data should be processed on the public cloud. We apply Order Preserving Encryption (OPE) for the sensitive fields of a data record and argue that this solution balances security concerns with efficiency for some applications. To illustrate our approach we discuss an implementation of the OPE and present a hybrid cloud solution for the control of a smart power grid.
Properties of HfTaxOy High-K Layers Deposited by ALCVD (2006)

Abstract not Available.
Behavior based authentication mechanism to prevent malicious code attacks in windows (2015)

Most modern kernel of the operating system fails to ensure the authenticity of a suspicious process while servicing its system call. As a result, preventing kernel level malicious code attacks that target system table hooking becomes a challenging and serious security issue. The traditional process authentication techniques such as the process name, process identifier and execution path exercised by the kernel are not reliable. Therefore, in this paper, we proposed a kernel level authentication prototype to verify the originality of each suspicious process during runtime. The verification and authentication tasks are performed well in advance before each suspicious process getting the kernel service. We designed, implemented, and assessed the prototype in Windows. The evaluation results confirm that the prototype successfully blocked all malicious code attacks that target invoking system services directly in the kernel mode with minimal overhead.
JSON Web Token (JWT) draft-jones-json-web-token-06 (2012)

JSON Web Token (JWT) is a means of representing claims to be transferred between two parties. The claims in a JWT are encoded as a JSON object that is digitally signed using JSON Web Signature (JWS) and/or encrypted using JSON Web Encryption (JWE). The suggested pronunciation of JWT is the same as the English word jot.
Hypergraph-partitioning-based decomposition for parallel sparse-matrix vector multiplication (1999)

In this work, we show that the standard graph-partitioning-based decomposition of sparse matrices does not reflect the actual communication volume requirement for parallel matrix-vector multiplication. We propose two computational hypergraph models which avoid this crucial deficiency of the graph model. The proposed models reduce the decomposition problem to the well-known hypergraph partitioning problem. The recently proposed successful multilevel framework is exploited to develop a multilevel hypergraph partitioning tool PaToH for the experimental verification of our proposed hypergraph models. Experimental results on a wide range of realistic sparse test matrices confirm the validity of the proposed hypergraph models. In the decomposition of the test matrices, the hypergraph models using PaToH and hMeTiS result in up to 63 percent less communication volume (30 to 38 percent less on the average) than the graph model using MeTiS, while PaToH is only 1.3-2.3 times slower than MeTiS on the average.
Imiquimod 5-Percent Cream Does Not Alter the Natural History of Recurrent Herpes Genitalis: a Phase II, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study (2002)

Present strategies for control of herpes genitalis recurrences require multiple daily doses of antiviral medication. Imiquimod, an immune response modifier, induces alpha interferon and interleukin-12; application in the presence of local herpes antigens during a recurrence may augment herpes simplex virus (HSV)-specific cell-mediated immunity. To test this theory, we performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of imiquimod 5% cream to assess safety and efficacy for decreasing recurrences. Patients with six or more recurrences of herpes genitalis per year applied study cream (imiquimod or placebo) to lesions one, two, or three times per week for 3 weeks for each recurrence during a 16-week treatment period. This was followed by a 16-week observation period. Of 124 patients randomized to the study, 103 completed the treatment period and 93 completed the observation period. The median times to first genital herpes recurrence were 53 days for those receiving placebo (n = 30) and 54, 60, and 64 days for those receiving imiquimod one time per week (n = 34), two times per week (n = 32), and three times per week (n = 28), respectively. The median annualized recurrence rates during the treatment period were 3.8, 4.9, 3.2, and 3.1, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in the time to first recurrence or in the annualized recurrence rate between the imiquimod and placebo groups in either the treatment or the observation period. A trend in increased rates of local adverse events at the application site and a delay in lesion healing with more frequent dosing suggested a pharmacologic effect. Although clinical efficacy has been observed for imiquimod in other conditions in which a TH1-type immune response may be beneficial, including other viral infections such as those caused by human papillomavirus, no apparent effect on the short-term natural history of herpes genitalis recurrences was observed.
Differential Optical 8-PSK with Direct Detection (8-DPSK/DD) (2003)

We present a differential optical 8-level phase modulation scheme for direct detection with a spectral effi- ciency of 3 bit/symbol. The transmitter uses binary electrical signals only to produce the 8-level optical signal. The receiver consists of optical delay & add filters, O/E converters and nonlinear electrical signal processing devices. Because of proper precoding, the receiver outputs are three electrical sig- nals, which are fed into binary decision devices for threshold detection. The spectral properties and the eye opening penalty in the presence of chromatic dispersion are analyzed for a bit rate of 60Gbit/s and compared to intensity modulated and DQPSK signals.
Crystal Structure of a Photolyase Bound to a CPD-Like DNA Lesion After in Situ Repair (2004)

DNA photolyases use light energy to repair DNA that comprises ultraviolet-induced lesions such as the cis-syn cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs). Here we report the crystal structure of a DNA photolyase bound to duplex DNA that is bent by 50 degrees and comprises a synthetic CPD lesion. This CPD lesion is flipped into the active site and split there into two thymines by synchrotron radiation at 100 K. Although photolyases catalyze blue light-driven CPD cleavage only above 200 K, this structure apparently mimics a structural substate during light-driven DNA repair in which back-flipping of the thymines into duplex DNA has not yet taken place.
Magnetic Writing on Thin Films of MnBi (1957)

A study has been made of the domain structure of thin films (∼1000 A) of MnBi and their capability of storing information magnetically. It is estimated that a million bits of information could be written on a square centimeter of film. The information can be read out optically by utilizing the Faraday effect. The films have a uniaxial direction of easy magnetization normal to their surfaces and retain their magnetization after saturation along this direction in spite of the large demagnetizing factor. When magnetized in this manner, a high optical contrast is obtained between the writing and the background.
Electron channeling patterns in the scanning electron microscope (1982)

This article provides a comprehensive review of the theory, practice, and application of electron channeling patterns in the scanning electron microscope. An atlas of indexed channeling maps for the bcc, fcc, diamond cubic, and hcp systems is included with a bibliography of 240 references containing all known published work on electron channeling for crystallographic studies in the SEM.
Adiabatic Quantum Computation is Equivalent to Standard Quantum Computation (2004)

The model of adiabatic quantum computation has recently attracted attention in the physics and computer science communities, but its exact computational power has been unknown. We settle this question and describe an efficient adiabatic simulation of any given quantum algorithm. This implies that the adiabatic computation model and the standard quantum circuit model are polynomially equivalent. We also describe an extension of this result with implications to physical implementations of adiabatic computation. We believe that our result highlights the potential importance of the adiabatic computation model in the design of quantum algorithms and in their experimental realization.
Pseudo-random generation from one-way functions (1989)

We show that the existence of one-way functions is necessary and sufficient for the existence of pseudo-random generators in the following sense. Let ƒ be an easily computable function such that when x is chosen randomly: (1) from ƒ(x) it is hard to recover an x1 with ƒ(x1) = ƒ(x) by a small circuit, or; (2) ƒ has small degeneracy and from ƒ(x) it is hard to recover x by a fast algorithm. From one-way functions of type (1) or (2) we show how to construct pseudo-random generators secure against small circuits or fast algorithms, respectively, and vice-versa. Previous results show how to construct pseudo-random generators from one-way functions that have special properties ([Blum, Micali 82], [Yao 82], [Levin 85], [Goldreich, Krawczyk, Luby 88]).
SUBSTITUTED QUINODIMETHANS: VIII. SALTS DERIVED FROM THE 7,7,8,8-TETRACYANOQUINODIMETHAN ANION–RADICAL AND BENZOLOGUES OF QUATERNARY PYRAZINIUM CATIONS (1965)

Our continued study of derivatives of the 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethan anion–radical (TCNQ − •) has shown that the simple N-methylphenazinium salt (IIa) exhibits a volume electrical resistivity of 7 × 10 −3 Ω cm and thus is the most highly electrically conductive organic compound known. In contrast, the N-ethyl analogue has a resistivity of 10 9 Ω cm. Electrical properties of pyrazinium, quinoxalinium, and phenazinium analogues, including phenazine-derived cation–radical salts of TCNQ − •, are discussed. Qualitative observations are made concerning the electron paramagnetic resonance of the N,N′-dimethyldihydrophenazinylium cation–radical.
Gag-Specific Immune Responses after Immunization with pl7/p24:Ty Virus-Like Particles in HIV Type 1-Seropositive Individuals (1997)

Gag-specific immune responses and changes in HIV-1 RNA levels were evaluated in eight HIV-1-infected persons, in order to assess the immunotherapeutic potential HIV-1 p17/p24: Ty virus-like particles (p24-VLP). All treated subjects showed transient and dose-dependent proliferative responses to the Ty-VLP carrier (stimulation index [SI], 2.0-119.5). Three of four individuals who received either 500 or 1,000 micrograms of p24-VLP also showed proliferative responses to p17 or p24 (SI, 2.0-15.7). In 2 subjects who were treated with either 500 or 1,000 micrograms of p24-VLP, enhanced Gag-specific CTL precursor (CTLp) frequencies were observed after immunization (10- to 14-fold). Both subjects had low baseline Gag-specific CTL activity (< 25 cTLp/10(6) PBMCs). In the other participants studied no significant boosting of preexisting Gag-specific CTL responses was observed. Short-term elevation of HIV-1 RNA levels at weeks 2 and 4 was observed in two subjects treated with the highest dose of p24-VLP. However, HIV-1 RNA levels at week 24 did not significantly differ from those found in the placebo group. In conclusion, p24-VLP induced marginal Gag-specific immune responses in limited numbers of HIV-1-seropositive individuals, with some showing transient elevation of HIV-1 viral load. Further studies are needed to establish potential clinical effects of these observations.