gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Basic compiler algorithms for parallel programs (1999)

Traditional compiler techniques developed for sequential programs do not guarantee the correctness (sequential consistency) of compiler transformations when applied to parallel programs. This is because traditional compilers for sequential programs do not account for the updates to a shared variable by different threads. We present a concurrent static single assignment (CSSA) form for parallel programs containing cobegin/coend and parallel do constructs and post/wait synchronization primitives. Based on the CSSA form, we present copy propagation and dead code elimination techniques. Also, a global value numbering technique that detects equivalent variables in parallel programs is presented. By using global value numbering and the CSSA form, we extend classical common subexpression elimination, redundant load/store elimination, and loop invariant detection to parallel programs without violating sequential consistency. These optimization techniques are the most commonly used techniques for sequential programs. By extending these techniques to parallel programs, we can guarantee the correctness of the optimized program and maintain single processor performance in a multiprocessor environment.
A History and Theory of Textual Event Detection and Recognition (2020)

There is large and growing amounts of textual data that contains information about human activities. Mining interesting knowledge from this textual data is a challenging task because it consists of unstructured or semistructured text that are written in natural language. In the field of artificial intelligence, event-oriented techniques are helpful in addressing this problem, where information retrieval (IR), information extraction (IE) and graph methods (GMs) are three of the most important paradigms in supporting event-oriented processing. In recent years, due to information explosions, textual event detection and recognition have received extensive research attention and achieved great success. Many surveys have been conducted to retrospectively assess the development of event detection. However, until now, all of these surveys have focused on only a single aspect of IR, IE or GMs. There is no research that provides a complete introduction or a comparison of IR, IE, and GMs. In this article, a survey about these techniques is provided from a broader perspective, and a convenient and comprehensive comparison of these techniques is given. The hallmark of this article is that it is the first survey that combines IR, IE and GMs in a single frame and will therefore benefit researchers by acting as a reference in this field.
Minimising aseptic loosening in extreme bone resections (2017)

When extensive resections of bone are required in the surgical management of tumours, and in revision cases, the addition of extra-cortical plates to short medullary stems has shown non-inferiority to standard length medullary stems and minimises aseptic failure. Cite this article: <i>Bone Joint J</i> 2017;99-B:1689-95.
X-ray absorption in valence-excited molecules as a possible contrast mechanism for chemically sensitive imaging and spectroscopy (1991)

A pump-probe technique, x-ray inverse fluorescence allowed by molecular excitation (XIFAME), is proposed as a contrast mechanism for x-ray microscopy. The technique consists of using a laser to produce holes in the valence levels of selected molecules; these holes then permit inverse fluorescent absorption transitions to occur. The method would permit the selective mapping of simple molecular structures and oxidation states of light elements. Cross-section estimates are made, and it is argued that the technique is potentially more sensitive than imaging techniques based on the atomic absorption edge. It is also argued that XIFAME has advantages over the use of x-ray-absorption near-edge structure for spectroscopic measurements of very dilute molecular structures.
Aromatic acylations catalysed by metal oxides (1977)

Dimethylbenzophenones are obtained in high yield from reactions between benzoyl chloride and each of the three isomeric xylenes during 10 h at 150 °C in the presence of small amounts of iron(III) oxide, zinc oxide, ammonium molybdile:tin(II) oxide, molybdenum(VI) oxide, or sodium tungstate. Oxides of titanium, aluminium, chromium, manganese, vanadium, thorium, copper, zirconium, tungsten, and ammonium vanadate are ineffective under these conditions. The benzoylation of 1,4-xylene also occurs in the presence of iron, iron(II) sulphate, iron(III) sulphate, and iron(III) chloride. Iron(III) oxide catalyses the benzoylation of anisole, alkylbenzenes, and halogenobenzenes to give the appropriate 4-substituted benzophenones in high yield. 1,3-Xylene undergoes acylation and sulphcnylation with reagents such as chloroacetyl chloride and benzenesulphonyl chloride, respectively, in the presence of ammonium molybdate to give the appropriate acetophenone or aromatic sulphone. The relative rates of the reaction between benzoyl chloride and 1,4-xylene in the presence of most of the catalysts mentioned have been assessed by estimating the amount of hydrogen chloride evolved.
FBMC/OQAM Modulators with Half Complexity (2011)

The Filter Bank MultiCarrier (FMBC) concept can be seen as an extension of the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex (OFDM) principle. Indeed, in the case where each sub-carrier uses an Offset Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (OQAM), we get with the FBMC/OQAM system a multicarrier modulation scheme with relaxed orthogonality constraints so that, differently from OFDM, a cyclic prefix (CP) is no longer required. However, the OQAM principle, that permits to separately handle the real and imaginary parts of the complex QAM symbols, presents an implementation drawback. Indeed, compared to OFDM at the same bit rate, the Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) has to run twice faster. In this paper, we show that for FBMC/OQAM, the IFFT outputs present properties that can be exploited by a pruned IFFT implementation. Moreover, in some specific cases, a reduction of the computational complexity can also be operated at the filtering stage.
An Electrical Method to Determine Hematocrits (1960)

It has been determined that the electrical conductance of whole blood is a very accurate index of its hematocrit. The new instrument described here fills a need for a quick, accurate portable hematocrit meter. This meter can be used at the patient's side for an instantaneous determination, and wherever a portable instrument is required. The advantages of this new instrument are its speed of operation, direct reading, small sample of blood required, and the inherent accuracy of the electrical determination. The last fact could well result in greater clinical significance of the hematocrit measurement.
Premature Mortality From Coronary Heart Disease (1971)

Since 1948, a cohort of 5,209 residents of Framingham, Mass, have been examined biennially. In the first 14 years, 120 died of coronary heart disease (CHD) before reaching 65 years of age. Two thirds of these deaths occurred outside the hospital—the majority suddenly— within one hour of onset of the terminal event. Nearly one half of the deaths from the initial coronary attack were sudden and unexpected. One half of all persons with sudden deaths had no prior clinical heart disease. While nonsudden coronary deaths were ordinarily preceded by clinical CHD, the disease was frequently first manifest close to the final episode. Only a small percentage of persons were seriously disabled six months before their death. Even among persons with known CHD, nearly one half of the deaths occurred outside the hospital. It is concluded that the only road to a substantial reduction in premature CHD mortality is prevention of CHD.
Use of dioxiranes for the chemoselective oxidation of tertiary amines bearing alkene moieties (1995)

A neat and high yield chemoselective epoxidation of alkene moieties present in tertiary amines is accomplished by treatment of the corresponding amine–boron trifluoride adduct with dimethyldioxirane or methyl(trifluoromethyl)dioxirane.
Local and global properties in networks of processors (Extended Abstract) (1980)

This paper attempts to get at some of the fundamental properties of distributed computing by means of the following question: “How much does each processor in a network of processors need to know about its own identity, the identities of other processors, and the underlying connection network in order for the network to be able to carry out useful functions?” The approach we take is to require that the processors be designed without any knowledge (or only very broad knowledge) of the networks they are to be used in, and furthermore, that all processors with the same number of communication ports be identical. Given a particular network function, e.g., setting up a spanning tree, we ask whether processors may be designed so that when they are embedded in any connected network and started in some initial configuration, they are guaranteed to accomplish the desired function.
Evaluation of the cyclic behavior of aircraft turbine disk alloys, part 2 (1980)

Several nickel-base aircraft turbine disk superalloys were evaluated at 650 C for resistance to fatigue crack initiation and propagation under cyclic and cyclic/dwell conditions. Controlled strain low cycle fatigue (LCF) and controlled load crack propagation tests were performed and results utilized to provide a direct comparison among the alloys. Tests were performed on selected alloys to evaluate the effects of hold times, mean stresses, stress-dwell cycle types, inert environment, and contractor test methods. At the lower total strain ranges of interest, the alloys exhibited generally increasing initiation life with increasing tensile strength for both cyclic (0.33 Hz) and cyclic/dwell (900-sec hold per cycle) conditions. Rank order of the alloys by LCF initiation life changed substantially at higher strain ranges, approaching the rank order expected from monotonic tensile ductilities. The effect of the 900 sec (15 min) hold time fatigue life varied significantly from alloy to alloy. Generally, the higher-strength, finer-grained alloys exhibited more significant reductions in fatigue life due to the dwell. The effects of mean strain were found to be negligible and the effects of mean stress were pronounced. At high strain ranges the mean stress was near zero and did not contribute to reduction in life. At low strain ranges, however, mean stresses were large and significant reductions in LCF lives occurred.
Scattering by a two-dimensional periodic array of conducting plates (1970)

The boundary value problem of an infinite array of thin plates arranged in a doubly periodic grid along any two coordinates is formulated in a general form for an arbitrarily polarized plane wave incident from any oblique angle. The induced current on the plate, the near-field distribution, and the distant reflected waves can be obtained to a very close accuracy. Both magnitudes and phases of the reflection coefficients for some specific examples are determined explicitly. For the case of a wave incident normally on a rectangular lattice array of narrow rectangular plates, the calculated values are in excellent agreement with the measurements in a previously published paper.
Pulsed plasmas as a method to improve uniformity during materials processing (2004)

Continuous wave operation of inductively coupled plasma (ICP) reactors as used for materials processing and which have geometrical or flow asymmetries may produce asymmetric species densities, temperatures, and fluxes. Flow asymmetries that produce nonuniformities in plasma conductivity initiate a positive feedback loop. In this feedback loop, asymmetries in conductivity are reinforced by the resulting nonuniform power deposition, which causes electron impact ionization to also be nonuniform. In this article, we discuss results from a computational investigation of long-term transients during pulsed operation of ICPs and their consequences on side-to-side asymmetries in plasma properties. During pulsed operation, diffusion of charged species during the afterglow between pulses smoothens these asymmetries prior to the next power pulse. The power deposition during subsequent pulses is more symmetric and this reduces the positive feedback. The improvement in uniformity afforded by pulsing is determined by the intrapulse plasma dynamics, and so is a function of the pulse repetition frequency, duty cycle, and feedstock gas. Improvements in the azimuthal uniformity of reactant densities were obtained in Ar and Cl2 plasmas in an asymmetrically pumped reactor using pulsed power. As dissociative attachment dominates in the afterglow of Cl2 pulsed plasmas, it provides a more uniform sink for electrons compared to ambipolar diffusion and different systematic behavior is obtained compared to argon.
Multi-scenario gesture recognition using Kinect (2012)

Hand gesture recognition (HGR) is an important research topic because some situations require silent communication with sign languages. Computational HGR systems assist silent communication, and help people learn a sign language. In this article, a novel method for contact-less HGR using Microsoft Kinect for Xbox is described, and a real-time HGR system is implemented. The system is able to detect the presence of gestures, to identify fingers, and to recognize the meanings of 18 gestures in two pre-defined gesture scenarios: Popular Gesture and the Numbers. The accuracy of the HGR system for Popular Gesture scenario is from 84% to 99% if a single hand performs the gestures, and from 90% to 100% if both hands perform the same gesture at the same time. The accuracy of the HGR system for the Numbers scenario is from 74% to 100% for single-hand gestures. Because the depth sensor of Kinect is an infrared camera, the lighting conditions, signers' skin colors and clothing, and background have little impact on the performance of this system. The accuracy and the robustness make this system a versatile component that can be integrated in a variety of applications in daily life.
The failure of different strains of<i>Yersinia pestis</i>to produce lipopolysaccharide O-antigen under different growth conditions is due to mutations in the O-antigen gene cluster (2001)

The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from eight strains of Yersinia pestis which had been cultured at 28 degrees C appeared to be devoid of an O-antigen when analysed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. LPS isolated from three of these strains which had been cultured at 37 degrees C also appeared to be devoid of an O-antigen. When the LPS from Y. pestis strain CO92 was purified and analysed by matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry, the observed signals were in the mass range predicted for molecules containing lipid A plus the core oligosaccharide but lacking an O-antigen. The nucleotide sequence of Y. pestis strain CO92 revealed the presence of a putative O-antigen gene cluster. However, frame-shift mutations in the ddhB, gmd, fcl and ushA genes are likely to prevent expression of the O-antigen thus explaining the loss of phenotype.
Self-Diagnosis and Self-Repair in Memory: An Integrated System Approach (1973)

This paper presents an integrated approach to the design of an ultrareliable memory system using a variety of coding and modularization techniques on each of the memory subsystem elements. The overall objective is to provide a properly operating memory system in spite of any single indigenous fault (regardless of the number of failures which might ensue). In other words, the system has the capability automatically to: (1) detect single faults and multiple failures, (2) mask failures to prevent malfunctions, without interrupting service, (3) isolate the fault to a replaceable module, and (4) reconfigure the faulty unit out of the system. The storage medium and retrieval circuits are checked and corrected by coding techniques. Some redundancy is used on the subunits, but the total redundancy is less than 20% of the system cost, and diagnostic software is eliminated.
Eigenboosting: Combining Discriminative and Generative Information (2007)

A major shortcoming of discriminative recognition and detection methods is their noise sensitivity, both during training and recognition. This may lead to very sensitive and brittle recognition systems focusing on irrelevant information. This paper proposes a method that selects generative and discriminative features. In particular, we boost classical Haar-like features and use the same features to approximate a generative model (i.e., eigenimages). A modified error function for boosting ensures that only features are selected that show a good discrimination and reconstruction. This allows a robust feature selection using boosting. Thus, we can handle problems where discriminant classifiers fail while still retaining the discriminative power. Our experiments show that we can significantly improve the recognition performance when learning from noisy data. Moreover, the feature type used allows efficient recognition and reconstruction.
Binary Gray Codes with Long Bit Runs (2003)

We show that there exists an $n$-bit cyclic binary Gray code all of whose bit runs have length at least $n - 3\log_2 n$. That is, there exists a cyclic ordering of $\{0,1\}^n$ such that adjacent words differ in exactly one (coordinate) bit, and such that no bit changes its value twice in any subsequence of $n-3\log_2 n$ consecutive words. Such Gray codes are 'locally distance preserving' in that Hamming distance equals index separation for nearby words in the sequence.
Rhesus monkey aqueous humor composition and a primate ocular perfusate. (1979)

The composition of rhesus monkey aqueous humor has been studied in large-volume, pooled samples. Replicate determinations of the concentrations of a number of constituents have been carried out for both aqueous humor and serum from large veins by means of automatic analyzing equipment. Since aqueous humor has been obtained by anterior chamber paracentesis, it is a mixture of anterior and posterior chamber aqueous. When compared to serum, the pooled aqueous contains an excess of chloride, bicarbonate, ascorbate, lactate, uric acid, and several neutral amino acids. Rhesus monkey aqueous humor is deficient in calcium, urea nitrogen, phosphates, glucose, protein, creatinine, iron, bilirubin, cholesterol, triglycerides, a number of serum enzymes, acidic and basic amino acids, and several neutral amino acids. Sodium, potassium, magnesium, and two neutral amino acids (cysteine and valine) are of equal concentration in aqueous humor and serum. Glutathione concentration is very low in both aqueous humor and serum. Pooled rhesus monkey aqueous humor and serum are isosmolar, with measured osmolality being about 303 mOsm. Based upon the chemical analysis, a new solution has been formulated to substitute for primate aqueous humor during anterior ocular perfusion. This new solution causes very little change in the physiologic integrity of the outflow pathways during prolonged, repeated perfusion. In this respect, its effects are very similar to those of pooled rhesus monkey aqueous humor during perfusion of rhesus monkey eyes. In contrast, perfusion of rhesus monkey eyes with glutathione-bicarbonate-Ringer's solution has been shown to cause progressive increase of the total facility. To minimize physiologic alterations during operative procedures, a solution similar to this new one could be formulated for irrigation of the inside of the human eye.
An Outbreak of Serratia marcescens Infections Related to Contaminated Chlorhexidine (1998)

An outbreak of Serratia marcescens infections occurred in a university tertiary-care hospital. Alcohol-free chlorhexidine solutions were contaminated with S marcescens. The majority of patient and chlorhexidine strains had similar pulsed field-gel electrophoresis banding patterns. Chlorhexidine was recalled, and the rate of S marcescens isolation returned to baseline. Chlorhexidine without alcohol should not be used as an antiseptic.
Power Supply Noise Reduction (2006)

Originally written in 1979, with modest updates in 1981 and 2002. Last updated on May 11, 2006. You can find the most recent version at www.designers-guide.org. Contact the author via e-mail at ken@designers-guide.com. Permission to make copies, either paper or electronic, of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that the copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that the copies are complete and unmodified. To distribute otherwise, to publish, to post on servers, or to distribute to lists, requires prior written permission.
Scalable filtering of XML data for Web services (2003)

As the Web gains prevalence as an application-to-application communication medium, organizations are deploying more Web service applications to provide standardized, programmatic application functionality over the Internet. The paper considers how scalable content-based routing architectures for Web applications can handle the growing number of XML messages associated with Web services.
Fast isotropic volumetric coronary MR angiography using free‐breathing 3D radial balanced FFE acquisition (2004)

A shortcoming of current coronary MRA methods with thin-slab 3D acquisitions is the time-consuming examination necessitated by extensive scout scanning and precise slice planning. To improve ease of use and cover larger parts of the anatomy, it appears desirable to image the entire heart with high spatial resolution instead. For this purpose, an isotropic 3D-radial acquisition was employed in this study. This method allows undersampling of k-space in all three spatial dimensions, and its insensitivity to motion enables extended acquisitions per cardiac cycle. We present initial phantom and in vivo results obtained in volunteers that demonstrate large volume coverage with high isotropic spatial resolution. We were able to visualize all major parts of the coronary arteries retrospectively from the volume data set without compromising the image quality. The scan time ranged from 10 to 14 min during free breathing at a heart rate of 60 bpm, which is comparable to that of a thin-slab protocol comprising multiple scans for each coronary artery.
Efficient fast ME predictions and early-termination strategy based on H.264 statistical characters (2004)

This paper analyzes the statistical characters on MV (motion vector) and cost function (called SAD) in ME (motion estimation) of H.264, and proposes four efficient predictions and early-termination strategy in ME, which keeps video quality while decreasing greatly computation complexity. Simulation results from QCIF format to HD (high definition) format show that the proposed method has good performance for H.264, and it is also easily be suitable to other standard platforms. This method has been adopted as part of the fast motion estimation in JVT test model.
Density Measurements of Materials Used in Aerosol Studies (2000)

Abstract : The density of various aerosolized materials used in experiments was determined using an autopycnometer. Materials included kaolin, TiO2, Bacillus globigii, ovalbumin, syloid, Arizona road dust (ARD), casein, and Al 203. The Stokes diameter of the ARD varied from 0.25 to 23 micrometer. Agreement of the measured densities with known densities was established. Accuracy of the data is considered acceptable for our studies.