gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of partial Na pump and Na-H exchange inhibition on [Ca]i during acidosis in cardiac cells (1991)

This study investigated the effects of partial Na pump inhibition and Na-H exchange inhibition on contractile function, intracellular pH (pHi), and intracellular Ca concentration ([Ca]i) during intracellular acidosis, using the fluorescent dyes 2',7'-bis(carboxyethyl)-5,6-carboxyfluorescein and fura-2 in isolated cardiac cells of adult rabbits. Intracellular acidosis with normal extracellular pH was induced by an NH4Cl (10 mM) prepulse technique. A nontoxic concentration (0.5 microM) of ouabain was used to inhibit the Na pump. 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl)amiloride (EIPA) was used to inhibit Na-H exchange. In both the absence and presence of ouabain, pHi fell transiently and then recovered after removal of NH4Cl. Ouabain did not alter the pHi changes observed after removal of NH4Cl. Diastolic and systolic [Ca]i increased during acidosis after NH4Cl removal. In the presence of ouabain, the increase in [Ca]i during acidosis was greater than that in the absence of this drug. Ouabain enhanced the recovery of contractile function during acidosis. In both the absence and presence of ouabain, Na-H exchange inhibition by EIPA reduced the recovery of pHi and mechanical function and the increase in [Ca]i, which were normally observed after NH4Cl removal. These data suggest that in adult rabbit myocytes the Na pump inhibition enhances the increase in [Ca]i during acidosis, and the Na-H exchange inhibition reduces it. The [Ca]i increase during acidosis may be in part due to the altered Na-Ca exchange, which in turn results from the increased Na-H exchange.
Evaluation of corn and sorghum distillers byproducts. (1997)

Two trials were conducted to determine the feeding value of sorghum distillers byproducts. Trial 1, a finishing trial, used 160 yearling steers (327 kg). Treatments consisted of dry-rolled corn (DRC) control, sorghum wet distillers grains (SWDG), sorghum wet distillers grains plus solubles (SWDGS), and sorghum dried distillers grain plus solubles (SDDGS). Distillers byproducts were fed at 40% of the diet DM. Cattle fed diets containing SWDG, SWDGS, or DRC were similar in efficiency of gain (P > .10); cattle fed SDDGS were less efficient (P < .10) than all other treatments. Sorghum wet distillers grains, SWDGS, and SDDGS contained 96, 102, and 80% relative NEg of corn, respectively. In Trial 2, 16 crossbred lambs (55 kg) were used to determine the digestibility of sorghum and corn distillers byproducts. Byproducts were fed at 80% of the diet DM and treatments consisted of corn wet distillers grains (CWDG), corn dried distillers grains plus solubles (CDDGS), SWDG, and SDDGS. Neutral detergent fiber digestibility was not different among treatments (P > .10). Corn wet distillers grains were higher in true nitrogen (P < .001), apparent nitrogen (P < .01), and organic matter digestibility (P < .05) than SWDG. Wet distillers byproducts were higher (P < .01) in apparent organic matter and nitrogen digestibility than dried distillers byproducts. Digestibility of distillers byproducts and subsequent energy values are influenced by type of grain used in the fermentation process and drying of the finished byproduct.
Production of 3-Hydroxypropionic Acid from Glycerol by a Recombinant Escherichia coli Strain with High Yield (2009)

3-Hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP) is a potential feedstock for producing many industrially important chemicals. Previously, we reported the production of 3-HP from glycerol by recombinant E. coli SH-BGK1 with a highest titer of 2.8 g/L in shake-flask experiments and 38.7 g /L in bioreactor experiments. The yield was appeared to be about 35%. Most carbons in glycerol were diverted to growth and the production of other metabolites like lactic acid, acetic acid etc. To improve theyield, glycerol kinase (glpFKX) gene cluster which includes glycerol transport protein were disrupted. Then, for the glycerol transport, glpF gene was cloned and overexpressed under a constitutive tac promoter in a low copy pACYCDuet vector. The resulting construct was grownin a rich medium and the cells were resuspended and used for resting cell experiment for the production of 3-HP. With the new construct, the yield on glycerol improved to the theoretical maximum of 100%. However, it was necessary to supplement glucose as a carbon sourcefor maintaining cell viability and enzymatic activities for the 3-HP synthesis from glycerol.
Sparse Reconstruction of the Magnetic Particle Imaging System Matrix (2013)

Magnetic particle imaging allows to determine the spatial distribution of magnetic nanoparticles in vivo. The system matrix in magnetic particle imaging is commonly acquired in a tedious calibration scan and requires to measure the system response at numerous positions in the field-of-view. In this paper, we propose a method that significantly reduces the number of required calibration scans. It exploits the special structure of the system matrix and applies sparse reconstruction techniques. Experiments show that the number of calibration scans can be reduced by a factor of ten with only marginal loss of image quality.
Fusion-based register allocation (2000)

The register allocation phase of a compiler maps live ranges of a program to registers. If there are more candidates than there are physical registers, the register allocator must spill a live range (the home location is in memory) or split a live range (the live range occupies multiple locations). One of the challenges for a register allocator is to deal with spilling and splitting together. Fusion-based register allocation uses the structure of the program to make splitting and spilling decisions, with the goal to move overhead operations to infrequently executed parts of a program. The basic idea of fusion-based register allocation is to build up the interference graph. Starting with some base region (e.g., a basic block, a loop), the register allocator adds basic blocks to the region and incrementallly builds the interference graph. When there are more live ranges than registers, the register allocator selects live ranges to split; these live ranges are split along the edge that was most recently added to the region. This article describes fusion-based register allocation in detail and compares it with other approaches to register allocation. For programs from the SPEC92 suite, fusion-based register allocation can improve the execution time (of optimized programs, for the MIPS architecture) by up to 8.4% over Chaitin-style register allocation.
Terahertz wire-grid polarizers with micrometer-pitch Al gratings (2009)

We fabricated a terahertz wire-grid polarizer consisting of a micrometer-pitch Al grating on a Si substrate by photolithography and wet etching. The ratio of TM and TE transmittances (extinction ratio) was over 35 dB at 0.5 THz. At the Brewster angle of the Si substrate, the polarization transmittance of a TM wave through the fabricated polarizer exceeded 95% and the extinction ratio was over 45 dB at approximately 1 THz. The fabricated polarizer has a higher extinction ratio than conventional free-standing terahertz wire-grid polarizers.
Color Breakup Suppression in Field-Sequential Five-Primary-Color LCDs (2010)

Field-sequential-color liquid crystal displays (FSC LCDs) exhibit a ~ 3× higher optical efficiency and 3× higher resolution, but the color breakup (CBU) degrades the image quality and limits the practical applications. In this paper, we propose a method to reduce CBU by using five-primary LEDs instead of three. Without increasing the sub-frame rate as three-primary LCDs, we can suppress the CBU by utilizing proper color sequence and weighting ratios. The color gamut achieves 140% NTSC and the white brightness increases by more than 13%, as compared to the three-primary LCDs.
PROBLEMS WITH CHAOTIC CRYPTOSYSTEMS (1989)

Matthews [1] has proposed a function based on chaos theory for generating sequences of random numbers to be used like a one-time pad. When implemented on digital computer systems, these functions must produce repeating cycles of values. The cycle length turns out to be unpredictable and often short. The function is not suitable for cryptographic use in the manner proposed by Matthews.
GaN-on-SOI: Monolithically Integrated All-GaN ICs for Power Conversion (2019)

We report the first comprehensive research about GaN power integrated circuits (ICs) on GaN-on-SOI (silicon-on-insulator). Specific stepped (Al)GaN superlattice buffer and highly robust deep trench isolation are developed. Various components including HEMT, metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor, Schottky barrier diode (SBD), two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) resistor, and resistor-transistor logic (RTL) are co-integrated, compatible with the p-GaN technology. Based on these achievements, 200 V GaN HEMT with integrated driver shows an extraordinary switching performance. A 48V-to-1V single-stage buck converter is realized using a GaN half-bridge with integrated on-chip drivers. Further, an all-GaN buck converter containing a smart control pulse-width modulation (PWM) circuit, dead-time control, drivers, and half-bridge is successfully designed using the GaN IC platform process design kit (PDK).
Mortality in relation to smoking: 22 years' observations on female British doctors. (1980)

A total of 6194 female doctors who in 1951 replied to a questionnaire about their smoking habits were followed up prospectively for 22 years. During that time 1094 died. Ischaemic heart disease, lung cancer, and chronic obstructive lung disease were all significantly (p < 0.001) related to smoking, though the absolute excess risks were lower than in male doctors smoking equivalent amounts. Female smokers born before the first world war were less likely to describe themselves as inhalers or as having started to smoke while young than were female smokers who were born later. In these respects this younger group resembled male smokers, and as they move into their 60s and 70s their absolute risk of lung disease and relative risk of ischaemic heart disease will probably come to resemble the risks for men smoking the same numbers of cigarettes. These findings show only that cigarette smoking causes lung cancer, chronic obstructive lung disease, and heart disease in women as in men. Whether the proportional increase in mortality from these diseases is as great in women as in men might be estimated directly from new case-control studies on men and women born since 1920.
Solid-state electron beam chemistry of mixtures of diazoketones in phenolic resins: AZ resists (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolid-state electron beam chemistry of mixtures of diazoketones in phenolic resins: AZ resistsJ. Pacansky and R. J. WaltmanCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1988, 92, 15, 4558–4565Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100326a061https://doi.org/10.1021/j100326a061research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views86Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Ertapenem Pharmacokinetics and Impact on Intestinal Microflora, in Comparison to Those of Ceftriaxone, after Multiple Dosing in Male and Female Volunteers (2004)

The pharmacokinetics of ertapenem and ceftriaxone were investigated in an open, randomized, two-period crossover study after single- and multiple-dose administration in 10 healthy volunteers (five women and five men). Both antibiotics were administered intravenously once daily for 7 days at dosages of 1 g (ertapenem) and 2 g (ceftriaxone). The concentrations of the antibiotics in serum and urine were quantified by the agar well diffusion method bioassay and, in addition, for ertapenem only, by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). For ertapenem the maximum concentration of the drug in plasma (C(max)) was 256 mg/liter, the half-life was 20.7 h, and the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) was 830 mg. h/liter. The concentrations in fecal samples were (mean value) 37.2 and 32.7 mg/kg on day 4 and day 8, respectively. Ceftriaxone exhibited a mean C(max) of 315 mg/liter, a half-life of 7.6 h, and an AUC of 1,556 mg. h/liter. The mean concentrations in fecal samples were 153 and 258 mg/kg on day 4 and day 8, respectively. No accumulation of ertapenem or ceftriaxone was detected at steady state. A slightly but significantly decreased AUC for ertapenem was detected for the female volunteers. No serious adverse event was observed. Both antibiotics induced a marked decrease in the anaerobic microflora (4-log-unit decreases in lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, clostridia, and bacteroides) and Escherichia coli, whereas the number of enterococci increased (4 log units). A slight overgrowth of yeasts was observed with both regimens. In all cases the microflora returned to normal levels on days 21 to 35.
Production of medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoates by high-cell-density cultivation ofPseudomonas putida under phosphorus limitation (2000)

High-cell-density fed-batch cultures of Pseudomonas putida were carried out for the production of medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) using oleic acid as a carbon source. By employing an optimal feeding strategy without the limitation of any nutrient, a high cell concentration of 173 g/L was achieved, but the PHA concentration and PHA content were only 32.3 g/L and 18.7 wt%, respectively. To increase the PHA concentration and content, phosphorus limitation was applied during fed-bath culture by reducing the initial KH(2)PO(4) concentration. When the initial KH(2)PO(4) concentration was reduced to 4 g/L, cell concentration, PHA concentration, and PHA content obtained in 38 h were 141 g/L, 72. 6 g/L, and 51.4 wt%, respectively, resulting in a high productivity of 1.91 g PHA/L per hour.
Open architecture test system: system architecture and design (2005)

The open architecture test system provides a method and framework under which software and instruments of different vendors can be developed and integrated into an ATE. In This work, we describe the overall architecture and design of the system. First we describe the architecture and the control mechanism for the overall system and for individual test-sites. Data and command communication mechanism among these control elements is explained. After this general structure, we describe how this architecture allows deployment of third party instruments and modules, what are the interfaces, how system is configured and how correct operation of the system is ensured after plugging-in a third party module.
A comparative performance of six-phase nine switch inverter operation with SPWM and SVPWM (2012)

The cost-effective and compact nine switch inverter for multiphase output is preferred in hybrid energy system. The proposed topology of nine-switch three leg inverter is capable of generating six phase output voltage (two groups of three phases) from the single common dc bus. This topology reduces the switch count as compared to independent inverter required to generate six phase output for such applications. The performance indices, like dc bus utilization, rms output voltage and the total harmonic distortion (THD) are related to the inverter control strategies. In this paper, comparison of SPWM and SVPWM switching techniques used for this inverter topology are presented. The simplified control to the inverter is simulated and its hardware implementation scheme is discussed.
Continuous low-level topical heat in the treatment of dysmenorrhea (2001)

Continuous low-level topical heat therapy was as effective as ibuprofen for the treatment of dysmenorrhea.
NAD(P)H:flavin oxidoreductase of Escherichia coli. A ferric iron reductase participating in the generation of the free radical of ribonucleotide reductase. (1987)

The active form of one subunit of Escherichia coli ribonucleotide reductase (protein B2) contains an organic free radical localized to tyrosine 122 of its polypeptide chain. When this radical is scavenged, e.g. by treatment with hydroxyurea, the enzyme is inactivated (protein B2/HU). E. coli contains an enzyme system consisting of at least three proteins that in the presence of NADPH, FMN, dithiothreitol, and oxygen introduce the tyrosyl radical into B2/HU (Eliasson, R., Jörnvall, H., and Reichard, P. (1986) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 83, 2373-2377). One of the three proteins was identified as superoxide dismutase. We now identify a second protein, previously provisionally named Fraction c, as an NAD(P)H:flavin oxidoreductase (flavin reductase). After 4,000-fold purification the protein moved as a single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis with a molecular weight of 28,000-29,000. The enzyme contained no flavin but reduced riboflavin, FMN, and FAD by NADH, or riboflavin and FMN by NADPH. It is a powerful ferric iron reductase. We propose that its complementing activity during radical generation involves participation in the reduction of the ferric iron center of protein B2/HU. Radical formation is then linked to the reoxidation of iron by oxygen. The flavin reductase may also participate in other aspects of iron metabolism of E. coli.
Perovskite/Colloidal Quantum Dot Tandem Solar Cells: Theoretical Modeling and Monolithic Structure (2018)

Metal-halide perovskite-based tandem solar cells show great promise for overcoming the Shockley-Queisser single-junction efficiency limit via low-cost tandem structures, but so far they employ conventional bottom-cell materials that require stringent processing conditions. Meanwhile, difficulty in achieving low-bandgap (&lt;1.1 eV) perovskites limits all-perovskite tandem cell development. Here we propose a tandem cell design based on a halide-perovskite top-cell and a chalcogenide colloidal quantum dot (CQD) bottom-cell, where both materials provide bandgap-tunability and solution-processability. Theoretical efficiency of 43% is calculated for a tandem-cell bandgap combination of 1.55 eV (perovskite) and 1.0 eV (CQDs) under 1-sun illumination. We highlight that inter-subcell radiative coupling contributes significantly (&gt;11% absolute gain) to the ultimate efficiency via photon recycling. We report initial experimental demonstration of a solution-processed monolithic perovskite/CQD tandem solar cell, showing evidence for subcell voltage addition. We model that a power-conversion efficiency of 29.7% is possible by combining the state-of-the-art perovskite and CQD solar cells.
Improving the Efficiency of Conventional Spark-Ignition Engines Using Octane-on-Demand Combustion - Part II: Vehicle Studies and Life Cycle Assessment (2016)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper is the second of a two part study which investigates the use of advanced combustion modes as a means of improving the efficiency and environmental impact of conventional light-duty vehicles. This second study focuses on drive cycle simulations and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) for vehicles equipped with Octane-on-Demand combustion. Methanol is utilized as the high octane fuel, while three alternative petroleum-derived fuels with Research octane numbers (RONs) ranging from 61 to 90 are examined as candidates for the lower octane fuel.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The experimental engine calibration maps developed in the previous study are first provided as inputs to a drive cycle simulation tool. This is used to quantify the total fuel consumption, octane requirement and tank-to-wheel CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emissions for a light-duty vehicle equipped with two alternative powertrain configurations. The properties of the lower octane fuel are shown to affect the vehicle fuel consumption and CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emissions significantly. In particular, the lower octane fuel indirectly defines the evolution of several key fuel properties with engine load. This synergistic relationship ultimately presents a trade-off between minimizing the vehicle fuel consumption and CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emissions.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Finally, the well-to-tank CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emissions arising from the production and distribution of each fuel were estimated for several common feedstocks and production routes. This data was combined with the tank-to-wheel CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emissions to estimate the overall carbon intensity of each dual-fuel combination using a Life Cycle Assessment. This enables the broader benefits and practical challenges to be analyzed from the perspective of a range of stakeholders. Overall, this work suggests that Octane-on-Demand can provide considerable fuel economy and well-to-wheel CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emissions benefits in comparison with conventional light-duty vehicles operated on standard gasolines.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Simultaneous Saccharification and Cofermentation of Dilute-Acid Pretreated Yellow Poplar Hardwood to Ethanol Using Xylose-Fermenting Zymomonas mobilis (1999)

Simultaneous saccharification and cofermentation (SSCF) was carried out at approximately 15% total solids using conditioned dilute-acid pretreated yellow poplar feedstock, an adapted variant of National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) xylose-fermenting Zymomonas mobilis and either commercial or NREL-produced cellulase enzyme preparations. In 7 d, at a cellulase loading of 12 filter paper units per gram cellulose (FPU/g), the integrated system produced more than 3% w/v ethanol and achieved 54% conversion of all potentially available biomass sugars (total sugars) entering SSCF. A control SSCF employing Sigmacell cellulose and a commercial cellulase at an enzyme loading of 14 FPU/g achieved 65% conversion of total sugars to ethanol.
Impaired Coronary Tissue Plasminogen Activator Release Is Associated With Coronary Atherosclerosis and Cigarette Smoking (2001)

We found that both the coronary atheromatous plaque burden and smoking habit are associated with a reduced acute local fibrinolytic capacity of the heart. These important findings provide evidence of a direct link between endogenous fibrinolysis, endothelial dysfunction, and atherothrombosis in the coronary circulation and may explain the greater efficacy of thrombolytic therapy for myocardial infarction in cigarette smokers.
Electron Spin and Optical Coherence in Semiconductors (1999)

Semiconductors are ubiquitous in device electronics because their charge distributions are easily shaped and controlled to make logic gates. Since gate switching and intercommunication rates limit device speed, efforts to improve computational power have led the semiconductor industry to push devices to ever-shrinking sizes. Yet, as advances in this area have improved the function of today's chip architectures, miniaturization may soon bring additional complications in the form of quantum mechanical effects. Because quantum systems tend to behave statistically, these effects will introduce unpredictable fluctuations in essential; design parameters, such as charge distribution, that will affect performance as device sizes shrink.