gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantification of Intracellular Cathepsin Activities in Human Lung Tumor Cell Lines by Flow Cytometry (1995)

The cysteine proteases cathepsin B and cathepsin L are very likely involved in invasive processes of normal and malignant cells, they become relevant for a number of diseases and are possibly prognostic markers for the outcome of human lung cancer. Therefore, we have determined activities of these related enzymes in cells and in cell extracts of human lung carcinoma cell lines of different cathepsin composition by flow cytometry and by spectrophotometry, respectively. To this end we applied the synthetic dipeptidyl substrates benzoxycarbonyl-arginyl-arginine- and benzoxycarbonyl-phenyl-arginine- coupled to 4-methoxy-beta-naphthylamide, aminomethyl-coumarine or rhodamine R110. The apparent enzymatic activities were differentially defined by protease inhibitors, particularly E-64 and CA-074. Independent of the dipeptidyl-composition more than 99 per cent of the apparent activity was due to cathepsin B when 4-methoxy-beta-naphthylamide or aminomethylcoumarine were the leaving groups. The 4-methoxy-beta-naphthylamide precipitate used for detection of cell associated activities revealed a wide spectrum of excitation to fluorescence thwarting the application of other possible fluorescent tags. Therefore, its application is restricted to uniparametric fluorescence investigations. Both dipeptidylgroups coupled to rhodamine R110 were promiscuous: only 25 to 30% of the apparent activity were due to cathepsin B; the predominant activity came from cathepsin L, irrespective whether intracellular or activities of cellular extracts were analyzed. However, rhodamine R110-coupled substrates open the way for multiparametric fluorescent analysis of cathepsins B and L containing cells if appropriate inhibitors for specification of the enzymatic activities are additionally applied. In very contrast to 4-methoxy-beta-naphthylamide, which causes irreparable damage to the cells, the rhodamine substrates permit studies with living cells and live cell sorting.
Equilibrium between hydroxyl radicals and thallium(II) and the oxidation potential of hydroxyl(aq) (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEquilibrium between hydroxyl radicals and thallium(II) and the oxidation potential of hydroxyl(aq)H. A. Schwarz and R. W. DodsonCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1984, 88, 16, 3643–3647Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150660a053https://doi.org/10.1021/j150660a053research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views924Altmetric-Citations213LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Patch nearfield acoustical holography (2002)

Nearfield acoustical holography (NAH) requires the measurement of the pressure field over a complete surface in order to recover the normal velocity on a nearby vibrating concentric surface. Patch NAH provides a major advancement by eliminating the need for complete surface pressure scans—only a small area needs to be scanned to determine the normal velocity on the corresponding (small area) concentric patch on the vibrator. The theory of patch NAH is based on: (1) an analytic continuation of the patch pressure which provides a spatially tapered aperture extension of the field; and (2) a decomposition of the transfer function (pressure to velocity and/or pressure to pressure) between the two surfaces using the singular value decomposition for general shapes and the fast Fourier transform for planar surfaces. Inversion of the transfer function is stabilized using Tikhonov regularization and the Morozov discrepancy principle. Experimental results show that the normal velocity reconstruction errors (rms) for a point-driven vibrator over 200–2700 Hz average less than 20% for two surfaces 0.4 cm apart. Reconstruction of the active normal acoustic intensity was also achieved, with less than 30% rms error over the frequency band. [Work supported by ONR.]
India's power struggles (1999)

In this paper the authors detail how Indian infrastructure and management problems are slowing down the much-needed power sector reforms and clean-power initiatives that are still in their early stages.
Using phase-mask algorithms to direct self assembly (2006)

Recent descriptions of novel directed self assembly (DSA) materials have suggested that exceptional linewidth control may be achieved when imbalanced block co-polymers assemble in a lithographic setting. By laying down initial patterns that serve as a guide for polymer film formation, relatively isolated periodic lines 20-40 nm can be formed. Because the linewidth is dictated by the polymer molecular weight, such a process should be immune to some sources of noise, such as shot noise, that plague other pattern formation methods at these dimensions. This technique can work well for the formation of fine features, but larger patterns need to be formed by other means. This is quite similar to phase-shifting mask (PSM) double exposures, in which periodic patterns are also preferred. We discuss here the applicability of already developed phase mask data parsing algorithms to fine line formation with DSA materials, and propose process flows in which these algorithms can be used directly with little or no modification.
Miniature three-axis micropositioner for scanning proximal probe and other applications (1995)

A small, 2×2×1.1 cm (height), three-axis micropositioner has been developed. It combines sub-nm positioning capability with a large range of travel of more than 1 mm in each direction. Its applications range from scanning proximal probe instruments to sample stages for electron or light microscopes. Two shear piezos are provided in each direction to facilitate motion. They are located at opposite sides of a moving frame which is guided by V grooves on sapphire balls (or rods). A critical point in designing this kind of positioners is how to generate the ‘‘attachment’’ force that holds the parts of the positioner together. Gravity cannot be used as the stage needs to work in all orientations. Springs, connecting the two parts moving relative to each other, generate a force in the direction of the desired motion that is changing with position, making the stage motion nonlinear. Magnets are not appropriate when low-energy electrons are involved in the vicinity. This problem is solved by especially designed leaf springs coupled to V grooves and balls (or rods). This design allows the attachment force to remain constant and orthogonal to the direction of motion when the stage moves, thus making the motion very linear and independent of the orientation of the positioner. The positioner is exceptionally compact and can be operated in ultrahigh vacuum. These properties make the positioner attractive for atomic scale resolution scanning proximal probe microscopes and a wide range of other applications.
Nonambipolar Electron Source for Neutralization of Ion and Hall Thrusters (2005)

Significant progress has been made in the characterization of the necessary parameters required to create an effective Radio Frequency (RF) plasma based electron source. Such a device has promise of longer operational lifetimes and comparable current densities to hollow cathodes. The operational lifetime of hollow cathodes is ultimately limited by cathode deterioration. RF sources provide an alternative approach that does not consume electrode material while providing electrons. A gas utilization of 1500% was achieved with 1.2 Amps of extracted electron current through a 0.25cm P 2 P aperture with 340W of RF power and a flow rate of 1.1 sccm of Ar. Permanent magnets provided an axial magnet field of 80 Gauss at the antenna. Although larger electron extraction currents are possible with larger exit apertures, up to 3.75 Amps with a flow rate of 14 sccm Ar and an exit area of 1.23cm P P , the gas utilization ultimately is reduced. The Nonambipolar Electron Source (NES) operated without a magnetic field with a maximum extracted electron current of 1.6 Amps. However, even modest magnetic fields (<150 Gauss) significantly improve the electron current extraction and gas use. Experimental evidence from NES suggests that the total amount of electron current that can be extracted is equal to the random electron flux and is limited by the plasma density and the ion loss area provided in the source.
Efficiently Trainable Text-to-Speech System Based on Deep Convolutional Networks with Guided Attention (2018)

This paper describes a novel text-to-speech (TTS) technique based on deep convolutional neural networks (CNN), without use of any recurrent units. Recurrent neural networks (RNN) have become a standard technique to model sequential data recently, and this technique has been used in some cutting-edge neural TTS techniques. However, training RNN components often requires a very powerful computer, or a very long time, typically several days or weeks. Recent other studies, on the other hand, have shown that CNN-based sequence synthesis can be much faster than RNN-based techniques, because of high parallelizability. The objective of this paper is to show that an alternative neural TTS based only on CNN alleviate these economic costs of training. In our experiment, the proposed Deep Convolutional TTS was sufficiently trained overnight (15 hours), using an ordinary gaming PC equipped with two GPUs, while the quality of the synthesized speech was almost acceptable.
Acetylene: A Key Growth Precursor for Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Forests (2009)

The growth of tall, single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) forests is often believed to require the use of specific feedstocks (e.g., ethanol) or etchants (e.g., water). Here, on the basis of mass spectrometry for hydrogen-diluted methane in a microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) reactor, we develop a purely thermal CVD process for SWNT forests without an etchant gas. The thermally grown SWNT forests are found to have a similar high quality, purity, growth rate, areal density, diameter, and chirality distribution as in the PECVD case. We show that C2H2 is the main growth precursor, and suggest more generally that feedstock conversion to C2H2 is of key importance to SWNT forest CVD. A reactive etchant, such as water, atomic hydrogen, or hydroxyl radicals, can widen the SWNT forest deposition window but is not required in cold-wall reactors at low pressures.
Storms in mobile networks (2014)

Mobile networks are vulnerable to signalling attacks and storms caused by traffic that overloads the control plane through excessive signalling, which can be introduced via malware and mobile botnets. With the advent of machine-to-machine (M2M) communications over mobile networks, the potential for signalling storms increases due to the normally periodic nature of M2M traffic and the sheer number of communicating nodes. Several mobile network operators have also experienced signalling storms due to poorly designed applications that result in service outage. The radio resource control (RRC) protocol is particularly susceptible to such attacks, motivating this work within the EU FP7 NEMESYS project which presents simulations that clarify the temporal dynamics of user behavior and signalling, allowing us to suggest how such attacks can be detected and mitigated.
Text Detection using Multilayer Separation in Real Scene Images (2010)

Robust extraction of text from scene images is essential for successful scene text recognition. Scene images usually have non-uniform illumination, complex background and existence of text-like objects. Due to non-uniform illumination the contrast of text pixels sinks and merges with background. As a result the common assumption of a homogeneous text region on a nearly uniform background cannot be maintained in real application. We proposed a text extraction method that utilizes the available contrast of text pixels. Initially the colours of input images were reduced to small numbers using quantization method. Next, colour reduced images were converted to gray scale and pixels intensity values were estimated. Based on the intensity values, the pixels were separated into three layers of connected components. Missing texts were recovered using image binarization technique. Then the geometrical features of the entire connected components in each layer were analyzed to extract the text regions from nontext regions. And finally layers were merged together and using a Sobel edge projection profile the text line was verified. To show the effectiveness of our proposed method scene text dataset with different font shapes and sizes, direction, background and contrast were tested and experiment results showed high performance and detection rate.
Weakly Supervised Object Localization and Detection: A Survey (2021)

As an emerging and challenging problem in the computer vision community, weakly supervised object localization and detection plays an important role for developing new generation computer vision systems and has received significant attention in the past decade. As methods have been proposed, a comprehensive survey of these topics is of great importance. In this work, we review (1) classic models, (2) approaches with feature representations from off-the-shelf deep networks, (3) approaches solely based on deep learning, and (4) publicly available datasets and standard evaluation metrics that are widely used in this field. We also discuss the key challenges in this field, development history of this field, advantages/disadvantages of the methods in each category, the relationships between methods in different categories, applications of the weakly supervised object localization and detection methods, and potential future directions to further promote the development of this research field.
Treatment of Acute Opioid Withdrawal with Ibogaine (1999)

Ibogaine is an alkaloid with putative effect in acute opioid withdrawal. Thirty-three cases of treatments for the indication of opioid detoxification performed in non-medical settings under open label conditions are summarized involving an average daily use of heroin of .64 +/- .50 grams, primarily by the intravenous route. Resolution of the signs of opioid withdrawal without further drug seeking behavior was observed within 24 hours in 25 patients and was sustained throughout the 72-hour period of posttreatment observation. Other outcomes included drug seeking behavior without withdrawal signs (4 patients), drug abstinence with attenuated withdrawal signs (2 patients), drug seeking behavior with continued withdrawal signs (1 patient), and one fatality possibly involving surreptitious heroin use. The reported effectiveness of ibogaine in this series suggests the need for systematic investigation in a conventional clinical research setting.
Mass Spectrometer Used as Detector and Analyzer for Effluent Emerging from a Capillary Gas Liquid Chromatography Column. (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMass Spectrometer Used as Detector and Analyzer for Effluent Emerging from a Capillary Gas Liquid Chromatography Column.Ragnar. Ryhage, Sten. Wikstrom, and G. R. WallerCite this: Anal. Chem. 1965, 37, 3, 435–436Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60222a045https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60222a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views42Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) Production by Isolated<i>Halomonas</i>sp. KM-1 Using Waste Glycerol (2010)

Biodiesel fuel is favored as a type of carbon neutral energy. To popularize its usage, by-product waste glycerol utilization is a critical problem. We tried to isolate waste glycerol utilizing bacteria, and obtained the alkalo- and halophile bacteria Halomonas sp. KM-1. This strain produced bioplastic poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) in a simple medium and diluted waste glycerol as a sole carbon source.
[Electrostimulation anesthesia in comparison with enflurane-nitrous-oxide anesthesia during gynecologic operations. 1. Clinical experiences]. (1984)

Concerning twenty-two gynaecological abdomen laparotomies, electrostimulation anaesthesia was opposed to inhalation anaesthesia with nitrous oxide-enflurane. Electrostimulation anaesthesia (ESA) was compared to a nitrous oxide-enflurane technique among two groups of eleven patients each scheduled for gynecological abdominal surgery. The present part of this communication concerns the description of the anesthetic techniques, reactions of the cardiocirculatory system, consumption of muscular relaxants and of analgetics supplementation intraoperatively and during recovery. While heart rate remained fairly normal in both groups, mean arterial pressure in the ESA group increased by 20% of the preanesthetic level as compared to a 10% increase in the enflurane group. It is felt that electrostimulation anaesthesia can be effectively employed even in abdominal surgery. However in cardiac risk patients this technique should not be considered.
Oral colon-specific drug delivery: a review (1995)

The development of delivery systems which enable selective release of drugs in the large intestine has gained much interest during the past decade. Two important therapeutic applications which can be found for oral colon-specific drug delivery are the treatment of local disorders of the colon and the delivery of protein and peptide drugs via the oral route. With the explosion of new peptide and protein products under development in the biotechnology industry, there has been increasing interest in utilizing the colon as site for drug absorption. Indeed, the large intestine may be the best site for peptide delivery because of the high residence time and the low digestive enzymatic activity. Due to the localization of the colon, it is difficult to reach. However, using different approaches, several potential colonic targeting systems have been developed. Among these, the most promissing are coating drugs with pH-sensitive and bacterial degradable polymers; delivery of drugs through bacterial degradable hydrogels or matrix systems; and delivery of drugs via bacterial degradable prodrugs. A major advantage of delivery systems based upon colon-specific enzymes from bacterial origin is the site-specificity. Therefore, other enzyme systems of bacterial origin may be explored in the future.
Making weaning safer. (1995)

Infants are at increased risk of infection during weaning when caregivers begin giving foods other than breast milk to 4-6 month old infants. Since the gradual withdrawal of breast milk reduces its benefits, infants are more exposed to food-borne microorganisms. Thus, it is especially important to practice safe food preparation and storage during weaning. An infant's stomach requires caregivers to feed infants 5-6 small meals/day. Many mothers, however, cannot cook fresh food 5-6 times/day due to an already heavy workload. Insufficient time and scarce or costly fuel requires many families to cook large amounts of food and store it for subsequent meals. They should use safe storage methods. They should cover foods to protect the food from contamination by flies or dust. To keep microorganisms from proliferating, the food should be kept cool, but most families do not have a refrigerator. There are traditional ways to preserve and protect food, however. Storing foods in running water or in porous pots standing in water keep the food cool. Storing food in baskets hanging from the ceiling keep insects and rodents away. It also allows the wind to cool it. The traditional preparation methods of fermentation and production of curd from milk provide an environment unfavorable to the growth of pathogenic bacteria. Heating and reheating food fully destroys most pathogens that cause diarrhea. Improved cookstoves allow families on a limited budget to thoroughly heat food before serving it. Health workers and educators should familiarize themselves with local traditional food practices, particularly those that contribute to food safety. They should also work with communities to find ways to reduce the risk of diarrhea from contaminated food.
A high quality 4 kb/s multiple pulse-dispersion ACELP speech coder (2004)

Pulse dispersion is a very efficient technology to improve the speech quality of a low bit-rate code-excited linear-prediction (CELP) coder. A novel high quality 4 kb/s algebraic CELP (ACELP) speech coder is presented. Different pulse-dispersion technologies are applied to both encoder and decoder to reduce the adverse effects of the sparse algebraic codebook vector and improve the perceptual quality of noise-like and unvoiced speech. Also, pitch preemphasis technology is introduced to improve the robustness of pitch analysis. An harmonic-enhancement technology is introduced to enhance the performance of the fixed codebook further. Informal tests show that the speech quality of the presented 4 kb/s speech coder is very close to that of the 4.75 kb/s coder of ETSI AMR.