gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 500 MHz GaAs digital RF memory modulator IC (2002)

A single chip digital radio frequency memory (DRFM) modulator provides time delay, Doppler shifting, and phase/amplitude modulation of RF signals. The digital IC has been implemented in Vitesse Semiconductor's H-GaAs III technology for operation up to 500 MHz, and was designed with COMPASS Design Automation's CAE tools and SPEC's standard cell libraries.
How secure are networked office devices? (2011)

Many office devices have a history of being networked (such as printers) and others without the same past are increasingly becoming networked (such as photocopiers). The modern networked versions of previously non-networked devices have much in common with traditional networked servers in terms of features and functions. While an organization may have policies and procedures for securing traditional network servers, securing networked office devices providing similar services can easily be overlooked. In this paper we present an evaluation of privacy and security risks found when examining over 1,800 networked office devices connected to a large university network. We use the STRIDE threat model to categorize threats and vulnerabilities and then we group the devices according to assessed risk from the perspective of the university. We found that while steps had been taken to secure some devices, many were using default or unsecured configurations.
Identification of Cell Membrane Protein Stress-Induced Phosphoprotein 1 as a Potential Ovarian Cancer Biomarker Using Aptamers Selected by Cell Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment (2014)

In this paper, we describe the elucidation of the target of an aptamer against ovarian cancer previously obtained by cell-SELEX (SELEX = systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment). The target's identity, stress-induced phosphoprotein 1 (STIP1), was determined by mass spectrometry and validated by flow cytometry, using siRNA silencing and protein blotting. Initial oncologic studies show that the aptamer inhibits cell invasion, indicating that STIP1, which is currently under investigation as a potential biomarker for ovarian cancer, plays a critical role in this process. These results serve as an excellent example of how protein target identification of aptamers obtained by cell-SELEX can serve as a means to identify promising biomarker candidates and can promote the development of aptamers as a new drug class to block important oncological processes.
Taxonomy and Life Cycles (2019)

This chapter addresses the history, taxonomy, and life cycles of coccidia of medical and veterinary importance. The coccidia of medical and veterinary importance are contained in three different families of the suborder Eimeriorina. The taxonomy of the true coccidia has been the subject of considerable controversy and change, and as new information concerning the morphology, life cycles, and molecular genetics become available, the changes and controversy will continue. Coccidia have life cycle stages that occur inside the host(s), termed endogenous stages. Exogenous stages occur outside the host, and involve maturation of oocysts. Sporulated, Isospora-like oocysts are passed intact or as free sporocysts following disruption of the oocyst wall. Oocysts or sporocysts of each species will infect only a narrow range of intermediate hosts; for Sarcocystis spp. they include fishes, reptiles, birds, and mammals, and for Frenkelia spp. mammals are the only known intermediate hosts.
Pseudowire Emulation Edge-to-Edge (PWE3) Control Word for Use over an MPLS PSN (2006)

This document describes the preferred design of a Pseudowire Emulation
Edge-to-Edge (PWE3) Control Word to be used over an MPLS packet
switched network, and the Pseudowire Associated Channel Header. The
design of these fields is chosen so that an MPLS Label Switching
Router performing MPLS payload inspection will not confuse a PWE3
payload with an IP payload. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
Neural network input representations that produce accurate consensus sequences from DNA fragment assemblies (1999)

allex@cs.wisc.edu
Subunit Recombinant Vaccine Protects against Monkeypox (2006)

The smallpox vaccine Dryvax, a live vaccinia virus (VACV), protects against smallpox and monkeypox, but is contraindicated in immunocompromised individuals. Because Abs to VACV mediate protection, a live virus vaccine could be substituted by a safe subunit protein-based vaccine able to induce a protective Ab response. We immunized rhesus macaques with plasmid DNA encoding the monkeypox orthologs of the VACV L1R, A27L, A33R, and B5R proteins by the intradermal and i.m. routes, either alone or in combination with the equivalent recombinant proteins produced in Escherichia coli. Animals that received only DNA failed to produce high titer Abs, developed innumerable skin lesions after challenge, and died in a manner similar to placebo controls. By contrast, the animals vaccinated with proteins developed moderate to severe disease (20-155 skin lesions) but survived. Importantly, those immunized with DNA and boosted with proteins had mild disease with 15 or fewer lesions that resolved within days. DNA/protein immunization elicited Th responses and binding Ab titers to all four proteins that correlated negatively with the total lesion number. The sera of the immunized macaques recognized a limited number of linear B cell epitopes that are highly conserved among orthopoxviruses. Their identification may guide future efforts to develop simpler, safer, and more effective vaccines for monkeypox and smallpox.
The adsorption of PH3 on Si(100) and its effect on the coadsorption of SiH4 (1984)

PH3 is found to chemisorb on Si(100) and the saturation coverage is strongly temperature dependent. Apparently the desorption of the hydrogen at temperatures above 400 °C can open up more Si sites for PH3 chemisorption. Both PH3 and phosphorus adsorbed on the Si surface can effectively block the coadsorption of silane molecules. The data is consistent with the observed rapid decrease in Si deposition rate during in situ doping with PH3 in a SiH4 reactor.
HELP: A Hardware-Embedded Delay PUF (2013)

Physical Unclonable Functions enable a secure alternative method to traditional key storage and authentication schemes. This paper presents a novel PUF design that utilizes the existing path delays of a design to generate a random and stable bitstring of desired length with minimal area and performance overhead.
Total body potassium in surgical patients. (1974)

The efficacy of parenteral nutrition was evaluated by quantitating the body cell mass and its supporting extracellular environment by measuring total exchangeable sodium (Na,), total body water (TBW), and total exchangeable potassium (K,). The TBW and Na, were measured by isotope dilution by using tritiated water and sodium-22, respectively. Total exchangeable potassium was determined indirectly using the formula: K, = R x (TBW) - Na8, where R is the ratio of the sum of sodium plus potassium content to the water content in a whole blood sample. The indirect measurement of K, was validated by simultaneously determining K, indirectly and directly, by K-42 dilution, in 15 normal, five uremic, and 14 dogs rendered hypo-osmolar by intramuscular Pitressin and a water load. The correlation between the two measurements of K, was excellent with a correlation coefficient of 0.98. Similarly, the simultaneous determination of K, both indirectly and by K-42 dilution in 20 patients with a variety of illnesses resulted in a mean difference of -0.7 percent and a correlation coefficient of 0.99. The experimental data thus validates the indirect measurement of K,. TBW, Na,, and K, were simultaneously determined in four groups of surgical patients; 13 normal patients, eight with longstanding sepsis, five with starvation, and six with chronic sepsis who, in addition, received intravenous hyperalimentation. K, expressed as a function of TBW was reduced in the patients with sepsis and starvation, but normal in similar patients receiving parenteral hyperalimentation. The reverse was observed in the Na,, expressed as a function of TBW, which was elevated in the septic and starved patients, but normal in patients receiving intravenous hyperalimentation.
Ni-based bimetallic heterogeneous catalysts for energy and environmental applications (2016)

This review provides a comprehensive overview of nickel based bimetallic catalysts for energy and environmental applications.
Kinetics of α-difluoromethylornithine: An irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase (1981)

We gave alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), a selective, irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, to six health men in single intravenous doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg body weight and oral doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg. Plasma concentrations were monitored during the 24 hr after each dose. Urine was collected from 0 to 24 hr after drug and amount of unchanged drug excreted was determined. Peak plasma concentrations were reached within 6 hr after oral doses. The decay of the plasma concentrations followed first-order kinetics with a mean half-life (t 1/2) for all four doses studied of 199 +/- 6 min (+/- SD). Mean total body clearance (ClT) for the four doses was 1.20 +/- 0.06 ml . min-1 . kg-1. Mean renal clearance was determined as 0.99 +/- 0.03 ml . min-1 . kg-1, accounting for 83% of drug elimination. Mean apparent volume of distribution (aVD) was 0.337 +/- 0.031 l/kg-1, corresponding to 24 l for 70 kg of body weight. The amount of unchanged drug in 24-hr urine samples was 47 +/- 7% and 40 +/- 11% after 10 and 20 mg/kg orally, and 78% and 81 +/- 8% after 5 and 10 mg/kg intravenously. Bioavailability of the 10 mg/kg dose was estimated as 58% from the urinary recoveries and as 54% from the areas under the plasma concentration curves (AUC 0 leads to infinity). Since doubling of the dose resulted in a doubling of the mean AUC 0 leads to infinity and since other kinetic parameters, such as aVD, t 1/2, ClT, and the urinary recovery of unchanged drug, were essentially the same at all doses, DFMO kinetics follow a dose-linear model.
Subcellular localization of dipeptidyl peptidases II and IV in rat and rabbit alveolar macrophages. (1983)

Pulmonary alveolar macrophages, obtained from healthy adult rats and rabbits by lung lavage, were evaluated for the presence of two serine exopeptidases having affinity for penultimate prolyl residues. Dipeptidyl peptidase II was visualized using either lysyl-prolyl or lysyl-alanyl derivatives of 4-methoxy-2-naphthylamine (MNA) as synthetic substrates at pH 5.5 and employing the osmiophilic coupler hexazotized pararosanaline (HXP) for localization. Reaction product was observed in 50-90% of alveolar macrophages and was confined principally to lysosomal structures. Interestingly, not all lysosomes reacted, suggesting that they have a variable but distinct degree of heterogeneity for this protease. Dipeptidyl peptidase IV was localized using glycyl-prolyl-MNA at pH 7.3 and HXP. Reaction product was observed exclusively on the external surface of the plasma membrane of the rat only. Its intensity appeared to be greater along the outer edge of what might be interpreted as the cell's glycocalyx. These proteases, by their localization and known substrate specificity, would be expected to make a significant contribution to the alveolar macrophage's proteolytic capabilities.
A Simple Geometric Interpretation of SVM using Stochastic Adversaries (2012)

We present a minimax framework for classification that considers stochastic adversarial perturbations to the training data. We show that for binary classification it is equivalent to SVM, but with a very natural interpretation of regularization parameter. In the multiclass case, we obtain that our formulation is equivalent to regularizing the hinge loss with the maximum norm of the weight vector (i.e., the two-infinity norm). We test this new regularization scheme and show that it is competitive with the Frobenius regularization commonly used for multiclass SVM. We proceed to analyze various forms of stochastic perturbations and obtain compact optimization problems for the optimal classifiers. Taken together, our results illustrate the advantage of using stochastic perturbations rather than deterministic ones, as well as offer a simple geometric interpretation for SVM optimization. 1
A model using marginal efficiency of investment to analyze carbon and nitrogen interactions in terrestrial ecosystems (ACONITE Version 1) (2014)

Abstract. Carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles are coupled in terrestrial ecosystems through multiple processes including photosynthesis, tissue allocation, respiration, N fixation, N uptake, and decomposition of litter and soil organic matter. Capturing the constraint of N on terrestrial C uptake and storage has been a focus of the Earth System Modeling community. However, there is little understanding of the trade-offs and sensitivities of allocating C and N to different tissues in order to optimize the productivity of plants. Here we describe a new, simple model of ecosystem C–N cycling and interactions (ACONITE), that builds on theory related to plant economics in order to predict key ecosystem properties (leaf area index, leaf C : N, N fixation, and plant C use efficiency) based on the outcome of assessments of the marginal change in net C or N uptake associated with a change in allocation of C or N to plant tissues. We simulated and evaluated steady-state ecosystem stocks and fluxes in three different forest ecosystems types (tropical evergreen, temperate deciduous, and temperate evergreen). Leaf C : N differed among the three ecosystem types (temperate deciduous &lt; tropical evergreen &lt; temperature evergreen), a result that compared well to observations from a global database describing plant traits. Gross primary productivity (GPP) and net primary productivity (NPP) estimates compared well to observed fluxes at the simulation sites. Simulated N fixation at steady-state, calculated based on relative demand for N and the marginal return on C investment to acquire N, was an order of magnitude higher in the tropical forest than in the temperate forest, consistent with observations. A sensitivity analysis revealed that parameterization of the relationship between leaf N and leaf respiration had the largest influence on leaf area index and leaf C : N. A parameter governing how photosynthesis scales with day length had the largest influence on total vegetation C, GPP, and NPP. Multiple parameters associated with photosynthesis, respiration, and N uptake influenced the rate of N fixation. Overall, our ability to constrain leaf area index and allow spatially and temporally variable leaf C : N can help address challenges simulating these properties in ecosystem and Earth System models. Furthermore, the simple approach with emergent properties based on coupled C–N dynamics has potential for use in research that uses data-assimilation methods to integrate data on both the C and N cycles to improve C flux forecasts.
Chloramphenicol (Chloromycetin).<sup>1</sup> V. Synthesis (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChloramphenicol (Chloromycetin).1 V. SynthesisJohn. Controulis, Mildred C. Rebstock, and Harry M. CrooksCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1949, 71, 7, 2463–2468Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01175a066https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01175a066research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1395Altmetric-Citations140LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Biology and genome of Trichinella spiralis (2006)

Clade I nematode species in the genus Trichinella can cause infections in humans that lead to mortality and serious morbidity. There are currently eight recognized species or genotypes that comprise this genus. The species display diverse biological characteristics, the evolutionary significance of which recently has been extensively clarified. Some of that diversity translates into variable importance as zoonotic pathogens, with T. spiralis having the highest significance. Trichinellosis has re-emerged as an important zoonotic infection in various parts of the world, reminding us that control of this infection depends on persistent vigilance. Trichinella species display unique and biologically interesting complexity in interactions with host cells that they inhabit. Significant progress has been made toward understanding details of these interactions. Progress on transcriptomics, proteomics and now genomics offers exciting prospects for accelerating advances in future research. An overview of these parasites regarding biology, significance as zoonotic pathogens and selected research topics is presented here.
Using an additive to control the electrospinning of fibres of poly(ε‐caprolactone) (2010)

Abstract Electrospinning is a route to polymer fibres with diameters considerably smaller than available from most fibre‐producing techniques. We explore the use of a low molecular weight compound as an effective control additive during the electrospinning of poly(ε‐caprolactone). This approach extends the control variables for the electrospinning of nanoscale fibres from the more usual ones such as the polymer molecular weight, solvent and concentration. We show that through the use of dual solvent systems, we can alter the impact of the additive on the electrospinning process so that finer as well as thicker fibres can be prepared under otherwise identical conditions. As well as the size of the fibres and the number of beads, the use of the additive allows us to alter the level of crystallinity as well as the level of preferred orientation of the poly(ε‐caprolactone) crystals. This approach, involving the use of a dual solvent and a low molar mass compound, offers considerable potential for application to other polymer systems. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Steady-state analysis of nonlinear circuits with periodic inputs (1972)

In the computer-aided analysis of nonlinear circuits with periodic inputs and a stable periodic response the steady-state periodic response is found for a given initial state by simply integrating the system equations until the response becomes periodic. In lightly damped systems this integration could extend over many periods making the computation costly. In this paper a Newton algorithm is defined which converges to the steady-state response rapidly. The algorithm is applied to several nonlinear circuits. The results show a considerable reduction in the amount of time necessary to compute the steady-state response. In addition, the initial iterates give information on the transient response of the system.
Structure and Dynamics of Self‐Assembled Poly(ethylene glycol) Based Coiled‐Coil Nano‐Objects (2004)

Herein we describe the structure and dynamics of self-assembled nano-objects generated from poly(ethylene glycol) based (PEG-ylated) coiled-coil hybrid block copolymers. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) experiments on spin-labeled samples provided a strong indication for a parallel alignment of the peptide helices in at least the dimeric coiled-coil nano-object and indicated that the PEG chains are folded rather closely around the peptide core of the nano-objects. The EPR results were supported by AFM studies, which revealed the presence of discrete nanosized objects in thin, spin cast films of the block copolymers on mica substrates. Since their size and structure may be engineered via directed mutations in the amino acid sequence, these nano-objects may be interesting building blocks for the development of supramolecular materials with various potential applications.
Multifunctional organic fluorescent materials derived from 9,10-distyrylanthracene with alkoxyl endgroups of various lengths (2012)

A series of remarkable multifunctional 9,10-distyrylanthracene derivatives (DSA(n), n = 7-12) was synthesized. All derivatives possess typical aggregation-induced emission (AIE) property. Some of the derivatives exhibit multifunctional properties, including AIE, mechanofluorochromism, vapochromism, thermochromism, and mesomorphism, which are rarely found to exist simultaneously in a single compound.
Bandwidth-adaptive VP protection using user cells (2002)

Broadband integrated services digital networks (B-ISDN), which utilize asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) technology, promise to provide a common platform for greatly increased service capacity. In terms of virtual path (VP) protection switching time, a high-bandwidth VP should be switched faster than a low-bandwidth VP in order to keep the number of damaged cells proportional to the total number of cells in that VP. This paper proposes a notification method using user cells. The proposed method can notify without interrupting the existing user cells. The total switching times were measured experimentally as 1 msec for 1.5 Mbps and 100 /spl mu/sec for 15 Mbps. These results demonstrate that the bandwidth adaptive method is very fast compared to VP AIS methods, and even STM methods which require 50 msec.
WLC14-6: A Location-Based Vertical Handoff Decision Algorithm for Heterogeneous Mobile Networks (2006)

Next-generation mobile communication systems will provide "always best connected" services to mobile users via cellular networks that provide wide area coverage for global access, complemented by broadband wireless networks (BWNs) at hotspots to accommodate higher traffic intensities. In such a heterogeneous network, a user entering a hotspot has the option to handoff to the BWN for better services. However, each vertical handoff also causes some momentary service degradations. Since the enhancement of user satisfaction by a vertical handoff depends on the user's sojourn time in the BWN, the handoff decision should consider the user's location and mobility, in order to optimize the user's satisfaction. In this paper, we propose a novel vertical handoff decision algorithm based on dynamic programming, utilizing the location information of mobile users. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the algorithm compared with other recently proposed schemes.