gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PID auto-tuning controller using a single neuron for DC servomotor (2003)

The single neuron used has three input connections that have associated weights. Each gain parameter corresponding with each weight of the single neuron is determined in accordance with the learning method based on the delta rule. The structure of this system is very simple and practical. The motor speed control system with 100 W DC servomotor has been simulated and experimented upon. These results show the good tuning performance of this controller.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Mechanisms of inhibition by apolipoprotein C of apolipoprotein E-dependent cellular metabolism of human triglyceride-rich lipoproteins through the low density lipoprotein receptor pathway. (1991)

The mechanism of inhibition by apolipoprotein C of the uptake and degradation of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins from human plasma via the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor pathway was investigated in cultured human skin fibroblasts. Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) density subfractions and intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL) with or without added exogenous recombinant apolipoprotein E-3 were used. Total and individual (C-I, C-II, C-III-1, and C-III-2) apoC molecules effectively inhibited apoE-3-mediated cell metabolism of the lipoproteins through the LDL receptor, with apoC-I being most effective. When the incubation was carried out with different amounts of exogenous apoE-3 and exogenous apoC, it was shown that the ratio of apoE-3 to apoC determined the uptake and degradation of VLDL. Excess apoE-3 overcame, at least in part, the inhibition by apoC. ApoC, in contrast, did not affect LDL metabolism. Neither apoA-I nor apoA-II, two apoproteins that do not readily associate with VLDL, had any effect on VLDL cell metabolism. The inhibition of VLDL and IDL metabolism cannot be fully explained by interference of association of exogenous apoE-3 with or displacement of endogenous apoE from the lipoproteins. IDL is a lipoprotein that contains both apoB-100 and apoE. By using monoclonal antibodies 4G3 and 1D7, which specifically block cell interaction by apoB-100 and apoE, respectively, it was possible to assess the effects of apoC on either apoprotein. ApoC dramatically depressed the interaction of IDL with the fibroblast receptor through apoE, but had only a moderate effect on apoB-100. The study thus demonstrates that apoC inhibits predominantly the apoE-3-dependent interaction of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins with the LDL receptor in cultured fibroblasts and that the mechanism of inhibition reflects association of apoC with the lipoproteins and specific concentration-dependent effects on apoE-3 at the lipoprotein surface.
Compressed data structures for annotated web search (2012)

Entity relationship search at Web scale depends on adding dozens of entity annotations to each of billions of crawled pages and indexing the annotations at rates comparable to regular text indexing. Even small entity search benchmarks from TREC and INEX suggest that the entity catalog support thousands of entity types and tens to hundreds of millions of entities. The above targets raise many challenges, major ones being the design of highly compressed data structures in RAM for spotting and disambiguating entity mentions, and highly compressed disk-based annotation indices. These data structures cannot be readily built upon standard inverted indices. Here we present a Web scale entity annotator and annotation index. Using a new workload-sensitive compressed multilevel map, we fit statistical disambiguation models for millions of entities within 1.15GB of RAM, and spend about 0.6 core-milliseconds per disambiguation. In contrast, DBPedia Spotlight spends 158 milliseconds, Wikipedia Miner spends 21 milliseconds, and Zemanta spends 9.5 milliseconds. Our annotation indices use ideas from vertical databases to reduce storage by 30%. On 40x8 cores with 40x3 disk spindles, we can annotate and index, in about a day, a billion Web pages with two million entities and 200,000 types from Wikipedia. Index decompression and scan speed are comparable to MG4J.
Intelligent Traffic Light Control of Isolated Intersections Using Machine Learning Methods (2013)

Traffic congestion is one of the major problems in modern cities. This study applies machine learning methods to determine green times in order to minimize in an isolated intersection. Q-learning and neural networks are applied here to set signal light times and minimize total delays. It is assumed that an intersection behaves in a similar fashion to an intelligent agent learning how to set green times in each cycle based on traffic information. Here, a comparison between Q-learning and neural network is presented. In Q-learning, considering continuous green time requires a large state space, making the learning process practically impossible. In contrast to Q-learning methods, the neural network model can easily set the appropriate green time to fit the traffic demand. The performance of the proposed neural network is compared with two traditional alternatives for controlling traffic lights. Simulation results indicate that the application of the proposed method greatly reduces the total delay in the network compared to the alternative methods.
Surviving the Web (2017)

In this article, we survey the most common attacks against web sessions, that is, attacks that target honest web browser users establishing an authenticated session with a trusted web application. We then review existing security solutions that prevent or mitigate the different attacks by evaluating them along four different axes: protection, usability, compatibility, and ease of deployment. We also assess several defensive solutions that aim at providing robust safeguards against multiple attacks. Based on this survey, we identify five guidelines that, to different extents, have been taken into account by the designers of the different proposals we reviewed. We believe that these guidelines can be helpful for the development of innovative solutions approaching web security in a more systematic and comprehensive way.
Action of Growth Hormone in Adipose Tissue (1997)

Growth hormone (GH) has diverse and still not fully elucidated effects on adipose tissue. Both preadipocytes and mature adipocytes possess specific GH receptors. GH may mediate its actions via these receptors, but some effects are indirectly mediated through the GH-mediated secretion of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I). IGF-I may then act back on the adipose tissue in an autocrine/paracrine manner. In primary cultures of adipose precursor cells obtained from human or rat adipose tissue, GH is found to stimulate the proliferation of these immature cells and reduce their differentiation to mature adipocytes. During long-term incubation and in in vivo studies, GH has a pronounced lipolytic effect. Whether this lipolytic effect is a direct effect of GH or more indirectly mediated, for instance, via inhibition of the action of antilipolytic compounds (e.g. adenosine, prostaglandins and insulin) is presently unknown. Finally, GH produces a pronounced inhibition of adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity. This enzyme plays a main role for hydrolysing triglycerides in the blood circulation in the adipose tissue and then for triglyceride accumulation in adipose cells. Thus, GH inhibits adipocyte differentiation, reduces triglyceride accumulation and increases lipolyses--all mechanisms which reduce adipose tissue mass.
Development of automated brightfield double In Situ hybridization (BDISH) application for HER2 gene and chromosome 17 centromere (CEN 17) for breast carcinomas and an assay performance comparison to manual dual color HER2 fluorescence In Situ hybridization (FISH) (2008)

Automated BDISH applications for HER2 and CEN 17 targets were successfully developed and it might be able to replace manual two-color HER2 FISH methods. The application also has the potential to be used for other gene targets. The use of BDISH technology allows the simultaneous analyses of two DNA targets within the context of tissue morphological observation.
ChemInform Abstract: Prediction of Ligand—Receptor Binding Free Energy by 4D‐QSAR Analysis: Application to a Set of Glucose Analogue Inhibitors of Glycogen Phosphorylase. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Role of TFH Cells in Promoting T Helper 17-Induced Neuroinflammation (2018)

Both T cells and B cells are implicated in the pathology of multiple sclerosis (MS), but how these cells cooperate to drive disease remains unclear. Recent studies using experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) demonstrated that the TH17 pathway is correlated with increased numbers of ectopic B-cell follicles in the central nervous system (CNS). As follicular T helper (TFH) cells are regulators of B cell responses, we sought to examine the role of TFH cells in EAE induced by the transfer of myelin-specific TH17 cells (TH17-EAE). In this study, we first confirmed previous reports that B-cells are a major cell type infiltrating the CNS during TH17-EAE. In addition, we found that B cells contribute to the severity of TH17-EAE. Class-switched B-cells in the CNS were positively correlated with disease and, strikingly, the severity TH17-EAE was diminished in B cell deficient mice. We next focused on the role TFH cells play in TH17-EAE. We found substantial numbers of CXCR5<sup>+</sup>PD1<sup>+</sup>CD4<sup>+</sup> TFH cells in the CNS tissue of TH17-EAE mice and that at the peak of disease, the number of infiltrating TFHs was correlated with the number of infiltrating B-cells. Using congenic CD45.1<sup>+</sup> donor mice and CD45.2<sup>+</sup> recipient mice, we determined that the TFH cells were recipient-derived, whereas IL-17<sup>+</sup> cells were donor-derived. We assessed whether myelin-specific TFH cells are capable of inducing EAE in recipient mice and found that transferring TFH cells failed to induce EAE. Finally, we tested the effects of blocking TFH trafficking in TH17-EAE using an antagonistic antibody against CXCL13, the chemokine ligand for CXCR5 on TFH cells. We found anti-CXCL13 treatment significantly reduced TH17-EAE disease. This treatment blocked CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells from entering the CNS, but had no effect on infiltration of B cells. Strikingly, this antibody treatment had no measurable effect on TH17 disease in B cell-deficient mice. These data demonstrate that infiltrating TFH cells are a key cell type that contributes to an inflammatory B cell response in TH17-EAE and provide evidence for targeting TFH cells as a treatment for neuro-autoimmune diseases like MS.
Phrase-Based Backoff Models for Machine Translation of Highly Inflected Languages (2006)

We propose a backoff model for phrase-based machine translation that translates unseen word forms in foreign-language text by hierarchical morphological ab-stractions at the word and the phrase level. The model is evaluated on the Europarl corpus for German-English and Finnish-English translation and shows improve-ments over state-of-the-art phrase-based models. 1
The GABAA receptors (1995)

Research Article| August 15 1995 The GABAA receptors F A Stephenson F A Stephenson 1School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29/39 Brunswick Square, London WC1 N 1AX, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and article information Publisher: Portland Press Ltd Online ISSN: 1470-8728 Print ISSN: 0264-6021 © 1995 The Biochemical Society, London1995 Biochem J (1995) 310 (1): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj3100001 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation F A Stephenson; The GABAA receptors. Biochem J 15 August 1995; 310 (1): 1–9. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj3100001 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1995 The Biochemical Society, London1995 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Yield and Quality of Semidwarf and Standard‐Height Sunflower Hybrids Grown at Five Plant Populations<sup>1</sup> (1987)

Abstract Information on yield and agronomic performance of semidwarf sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) is limited. The objectives of these field studies were: (i) to acquire information on seed yield and other agronomic characteristics of two semidwarf and two standard‐height sunflower hybrids; and (ii) to determine an optimum plant population for hybrids representing both plant types. Two experimental semidwarf (SD) and two standard‐height (SH) hybrids of similar maturity from Cargill and Sigco research breeding programs were grown at populations of 32 123,49 420,66 717,84 014, and 101 311 plants/ ha over a 3‐yr period (1982‐1984) under dryland conditions at Fargo, Carrington, and Prosper, ND. Yield differences were observed dependent on the hybrid but not on plant type. The Cargill SD and Cargill SH genotypes had similar but higher yields than both 894 SH, a commonly grown hybrid, and Sigco SD, which were not significantly different from each other. Yield differences among hybrids were the consequence of differences in seed weight and seed per head. Cargill SH had the highest oil percentage and test weight. It was concluded that the semidwarf hybrids did not possess any yield superiority when compared to the two standard‐height sunflower hybrids. A plant population of 32 123 plants/ha resulted in the highest yield for hybrids representing both plant types. Plant populations above 32 123 plants/ha decreased yield, seed weight, seed per head, and head diameter, but increased percent oil.
The road to therapeutic RNA interference (RNAi): Tackling the 800 pound siRNA delivery gorilla. (2009)

If those of us privileged enough to have the opportunity to work towards curing human diseases had the power to design the ideal therapeutic molecule, the question would be what selection criteria would we choose? Arguably, at the top of the list would be four mandatory properties: specificity, potency, tolerability, and universality. So it should come as no surprise the momentum associated with the field of small interfering RNA (siRNA)-induced RNA Interference (RNAi) therapeutics has gained strength, as these molecules have shown exceptional promise in fulfilling all of these requirements. Unfortunately, siRNAs are too large, too charged, and too rigid to passively diffuse across the cellular membrane and thereby require a delivery system to enter cells. Thus, since its conception of working in human cells, siRNA delivery remains The 800 Pound Gorilla in the room. The main complication yet to overcome is engineering delivery systems that are safe and efficient in systemically delivering siRNA molecules to the diseased tissue and across the cellular membrane of target cells. Currently, encapsulating the siRNA in nanoparticle and liposomal systems has risen to become the standard of delivery approaches. While generally speaking these delivery platforms offer significant advancements, our laboratory is committed to generating alternative siRNA delivery technologies that avoid nanoparticle packaging and allow siRNA molecules to be delivered as single, soluble entities. This brief review discusses the first of these technologies, a Peptide Transduction Domain-dsRNA Binding Domain (PTD-DRBD) fusion protein that avidly binds to the siRNA backbone to mask the negative charge and uses the PTD for macromolecular cellular delivery.
Seismic attributes revisited (1994)

Since their introduction in early 1970`s seismic attributes have become one of the most commonly used and powerful interpretation tools. In earlier applications they were considered as a management display tool. This view has changed rapidly as their use in interpretation expanded. Results were analyzed in a qualitative manner. Recently, as evidenced from increasing number of papers, attribute use finally became more quantitative through calibration with well bore measurements. In this paper the authors will present a review of basic attributes, their recently introduced derivatives and their expected significance. They will also classify them with respect to their computation and their end use. They define all seismically driven parameters as the Seismic Attributes. They can be velocity, amplitude, rate of change of any of them with respect to time or space and so on. They can be computed from pre-stack or post stack data sets. Some of the attributes computed from complex traces such as envelope, phase and etc. correspond to the various measurements of the propagating wave-front. They will call those the physical Attributes. These attributes may be used for prediction or extrapolation of lithological or reservoir characteristics. Others are computed from the reflection configurations and continuity. They willmore » call these Geometric Attributes. These are used in structural and stratigraphic interpretation. In this paper they will confine themselves to the classification and definition of the attributes and their possible uses. They will give examples from different geological settings.« less
Roles of FcγRIIB in Nasal Eosinophilia and IgE Production in Murine Allergic Rhinitis (2003)

The low-affinity IgG Fc receptor, FcgammaRIIB, displays inhibitory potential in experimental models such as autoimmune diseases. However, whether this receptor is involved in the onset of allergic diseases remains unknown. This study examines the role of FcgammaRIIB in the initiation of allergic rhinitis in mice. Repeated intranasal sensitization with Schistosoma mansoni egg antigen (SEA) induced SEA-specific IgE and marked nasal eosinophilia in high-responder BALB/c mice. FcgammaRIIB gene-deficient (-/-) BALB/c mice displayed severe eosinophilia compared with that of wild-type counterparts. However, FcgammaRIIB -/- mice conversely produced less SEA-specific IgE. The production of interleukin (IL)-4 but not of IL-5 or IFN-gamma by nasal mononuclear cells was also decreased in FcgammaRIIB -/- mice, suggesting that the exacerbation of nasal eosinophila in FcgammaRIIB -/- mice is independent of the local IL-5 levels. The findings in low responder C57BL/6 mice were similar. In addition, nasal eosinophilia in FcgammaRIIB -/- mice passively sensitized with SEA was exacerbated, and conversely, specific IgE production was inhibited after a nasal challenge. These results suggest that FcgammaRIIB plays a regulatory role in the initiation of allergic rhinitis that is independent of either mouse strain or type of sensitization.
Low Recurrence of Angina Pectoris After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery With Bilateral Internal Thoracic and Right Gastroepiploic Arteries (1998)

We conclude that concomitant use of the gastroepiploic artery with both ITAs results in low mortality and a low incidence of myocardial infarction and reintervention at follow-up. Most interestingly, we found 85.4% freedom from angina pectoris after 7 years, which is considerably lower than the results of studies in which vein grafts, single ITA grafts, or double ITA grafts are used. These results strongly support the use of both ITAs and the right gastroepiploic artery for bypass grafting in patients with 3-vessel disease.
Non‐random sampling in human genetics: Estimation of familial correlations, model testing, and interpretation (1987)

By choice or necessity, human geneticists and genetic epidemiologists often design studies that involve non-random sampling of clusters of individuals, and yet address hypotheses appropriate to the population as a whole. Failure to adjust for the non-randomness of data often leads to biased parameter estimates and misspecification of predictive models that cause familial resemblance of traits. We develop an approach to adjust for common forms of non-randomness in the context of estimating familial correlation with minimal distributional assumptions and discuss its implications in connection with adjustments for concomitant variables.
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Path Following for Target Observation in Wind (2006)

This work provides flight-path geometry, guidance laws, and synchronous camera angles to observe a ground target from an unmanned aerial vehicle. The observation of the target is affected by wind, aircraft performance, and camera limits. Analytic expressions are derived for paths that result in constant line-of-sight orientation of the target relative to the aircraft body frame. Using minimal heuristics, a guidance law based on “good helmsman” behavior is developed and implemented, and stability of its integration with aircraft dynamics is assessed. An observer estimates wind data, which are used to orient path geometry about the target. Results are demonstrated in high-fidelity simulation. Nomenclature a = helmsman sensitivity parameter c(·) = cos(·) d = distance Fb = body-fixed frame Fs = Serret‐Frenet frame g = gravity constant r = radius s = arclength position along desired path s(·) = sin(·) t(·) = tan(·)
Current modulation of a hygroscopic insulator organic field-effect transistor (2004)

We have fabricated solution processable polymer transistors with high conductivity, requiring only a few volts for obtaining good current modulation. The devices can be fabricated and operated in air and the operation is greatly enhanced in humid atmosphere. Devices reach an On∕Off ratio of about 600 and a subthreshold swing of 500mV per decade operating on voltages less than 2V. In this letter the mechanism behind the current modulation is investigated, and we show that the current is modulated through ion-assisted oxidation and reduction of the semiconductor by ions moving vertically in the insulator material to the transistor channel.
Extending the IEEE 802.1 MAC Bridge standard to remote bridges (1988)

The IEEE 802.1 MAC Bridge specification describes transparent local bridges, called spanning tree bridges, that interconnect 802-type local area networks (LANs). The author discusses experience with adapting the spanning tree algorithm to the remote bridge environment, including the addition of a distributed algorithm for utilizing backbone networks while they are configured as backup paths by the spanning tree. This results in local and remote bridge configurations that automatically detect and recover from all failures/restorals in a deterministic way. Once the support of the same spanning tree algorithm is pervasive, it is also possible to add distributed algorithms that allow spanning tree backup paths to be utilized.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>