gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of PCNA-dependent stimulation of 3'-phosphodiesterase and 3'-5' exonuclease activities of human Ape2 in repair of oxidative DNA damage (2009)

Human Ape2 protein has 3' phosphodiesterase activity for processing 3'-damaged DNA termini, 3'-5' exonuclease activity that supports removal of mismatched nucleotides from the 3'-end of DNA, and a somewhat weak AP-endonuclease activity. However, very little is known about the role of Ape2 in DNA repair processes. Here, we examine the effect of interaction of Ape2 with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) on its enzymatic activities and on targeting Ape2 to oxidative DNA lesions. We show that PCNA strongly stimulates the 3'-5' exonuclease and 3' phosphodiesterase activities of Ape2, but has no effect on its AP-endonuclease activity. Moreover, we find that upon hydrogen-peroxide treatment Ape2 redistributes to nuclear foci where it colocalizes with PCNA. In concert with these results, we provide biochemical evidence that Ape2 can reduce the mutagenic consequences of attack by reactive oxygen species not only by repairing 3'-damaged termini but also by removing 3'-end adenine opposite from 8-oxoG. Based on these findings we suggest the involvement of Ape2 in repair of oxidative DNA damage and PCNA-dependent repair synthesis.
Laser micromachining of organic LEDs (2012)

OLED lighting is expected to be one of the fastest growing markets in the area of organic electronics. The state of the art production is mainly based on vacuum deposition processes, which, in order to simplify the material handling, will most probably be embedded in a roll-to-roll environment. While reducing the handling costs also implies challenges to the patterning of the several OLED layers. Laser micromachining applying ultra-short pulsed laser sources has the potential to fully satisfy the requirements. Within this paper the latest findings on the separate scribing steps P1, P2 and P3 will be presented.
New Hydraulic Fracturing Fluid Technology Reduces Impact On The Environment Through Recovery And Reuse (2003)

Abstract Hydraulic fracturing fluid systems are used to create the required fracture geometry and transport proppant into the fracture with a distribution that allows for the optimum performance of the well. Most systems currently use water-soluble polymers composed of guar or guar derivatives. Additional materials are used to optimize the fluid characteristics for the application and also to degrade the water-soluble polymer to make it easier to recover from the well prior to production. The recovered, degraded fluids cannot be used again and must be disposed of in a proper manner. A new hydraulic fracturing fluid system has been developed that provides excellent performance during the fracturing process with post-fracture treatment fluid recovery approaching 100%. This fluid has the added benefit of being reusable after it is recovered following the treatment and prior to production. The benefits of reuse include the cost savings associated with capturing and reusing chemicals, the cost savings because of reduced water volume requirements for subsequent treatments, and the elimination of disposal costs. In addition, the total volume of chemicals required for fracturing operations is significantly less, thus reducing the demand on our environment. Field analyses of the returned fluid determine parameters of maintenance and reconstitution for use in subsequent fracturing. This paper will outline the application of this fluid system, the concept for recycling and reuse, and the procedures necessary to properly use the recovered fluid in subsequent treatments.
Cooperative focus and stereo ranging (1988)

The authors present a cooperative computer vision procedure in which focus ranging and stereo ranging operate together, verifying each other's results in computing the position (but not the shape) of arbitrary objects in a stationary, unknown environment. The procedure increases the reliability of the position measurements by enforcing measurement consistency using mutual constraint, and increases their accuracy by combining them with a maximum-likelihood estimator into an estimate of lower variance than any of the measurements alone. The results of experiments show that the integrated range values are highly reliable. Results confirm the value of using multiple sensors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Clinical Immunology Review Series: An approach to the patient with angio-oedema (2008)

Angio-oedema is a common reason for attendance at the accident and emergency department and for referral to immunology/allergy clinics. Causative factors should always be sought, but a large proportion of patients have the idiopathic form of the disease. A minority of patients represent a diagnostic and treatment challenge. Failure to identify the more unusual causes of angio-oedema may result in life-threatening situations. Common and rare causes of angio-oedema will be discussed in this article, as well as the diagnostic and treatment pathways for the management of these patients. A comprehensive history and close monitoring of response to treatment are the most cost-effective diagnostic and treatment tools.
Photochemical hydrolysis of some nitrophenyl acetates (1986)

Nitro substituent exhibits a meta -activating effect on the course of photochemical hydrolysis of phenyl acetates since UV photolysis of isomeric 4- and 3-nitrophenyl acetates in neutral aqueous solution leads to the formation of the corresponding phenols with quantum yields 0.002 and 0.006, respectively; 2-methoxy-4-nitro- and 2-methoxy-5-nitrophenyl acetates showed still greater difference in their photochemical reactivity (Φ r 0.002 and 0.129, respectively). Quenching of the photohydrolysis of the latter compound with 2,4-hexadienoic acid indicates the participation of a triplet state with the effective lifetime of 0.15 μs. The photoreaction is accelerated in acidic media which means that one of the early photochemical steps is the protonation of the excited state. No incorporation of 18 O into the product molecule was observed after the photolysis of 2-methoxy-5-nitrophenyl acetate in H 2 18 O, which is an unambiguous evidence that the photoreaction proceeds as a light-induced hydrolysis of the ester bond.
In vitro and in vivo comparison of binary Mg alloys and pure Mg (2015)

Biodegradable materials are under investigation due to their promising properties for biomedical applications as implant material. In the present study, two binary magnesium (Mg) alloys (Mg2Ag and Mg10Gd) and pure Mg (99.99%) were used in order to compare the degradation performance of the materials in in vitro to in vivo conditions. In vitro analysis of cell distribution and viability was performed on discs of pure Mg, Mg2Ag and Mg10Gd. The results verified viable pre-osteoblast cells on all three alloys and no obvious toxic effect within the first two weeks. The degradation rates in in vitro and in vivo conditions (Sprague-Dawley® rats) showed that the degradation rates differ especially in the 1st week of the experiments. While in vitro Mg2Ag displayed the fastest degradation rate, in vivo, Mg10Gd revealed the highest degradation rate. After four weeks of in vitro immersion tests, the degradation rate of Mg2Ag was significantly reduced and approached the values of pure Mg and Mg10Gd. Interestingly, after 4 weeks the estimated in vitro degradation rates approximate in vivo values. Our systematic experiment indicates that a correlation between in vitro and in vivo observations still has some limitations that have to be considered in order to perform representative in vitro experiments that display the in vivo situation.
Hybrid Periodical Flooding in Unstructured Peer‐to‐Peer Networks (2005)

Blind flooding is a popular search mechanism used in current commercial P2P systems because of its simplicity. However, blind flooding among peers or super-peers causes large volume of unnecessary traffic although the response time is short. Some improved statistics-based search mechanisms can reduce the traffic volume but also significantly shrink the query coverage range. In some search mechanisms, not all peers may be reachable creating the so-called partial coverage problem. Aiming at alleviating the partial coverage problem and reducing the unnecessary traffic, we propose an efficient and adaptive search mechanism, hybrid periodical flooding (HPF). HPF retains the advantages of statistics-based search mechanisms, alleviates the partial coverage problem, and provides the flexibility to adaptively adjust different parameters to meet different performance requirements. The effectiveness of HPF is demonstrated through simulation studies
Light distribution in diffractive multifocal optics and its optimization (2011)

Disclosure is found in the footnotes.
Element free analyses of shell and spatial structures (2000)

The element free analyses of shell and spatial structures are conducted. The original element free Galerkin method proposed by Belytschko et al. is enhanced to analyse three-dimensional thin structures. By using the mapping technique the geometry of arbitrary curved surface is expanded in the two-dimensional space, and the bases of convected co-ordinate system are utilized for the expression of strain and stress components in the virtual work principle. Only nodal data are generated on this two-dimensional space and the convected co-ordinates are used in the moving least-squares interpolation method for the approximation of displacement field. For shell, the formulation allows transverse shear strain, therefore, it results in the Mindlin plate when the surface is flat and membrane state is negligible. In order to avoid shear and membrane locking, bi-cubic and quartic basis functions are adopted for the interpolation. For membrane structure, as geometrical stiffness to support the structure cannot be negligible, geometrically non-linear analysis is essential and the total Lagrangian method is adopted for the formulation. Several numerical examples are demonstrated to show the validity of the proposed method and the satisfactory results are obtained in comparison to the theoretical or the finite element results. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microporous Silica Prepared by Organic Templating:  Relationship between the Molecular Template and Pore Structure (1999)

Microporous silica materials with a controlled pore size and a narrow pore size distribution have been prepared by sol−gel processing using an organic-templating approach. Microporous networks were formed by pyrolytic removal of organic ligands (methacryloxypropyl groups) from organic/inorganic hybrid materials synthesized by copolymerization of 3-methacryloxypropylsilane (MPS) and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS). Molecular simulations and experimental measurements were conducted to examine the relationship between the microstructural characteristics of the porous silica (e.g., pore size, total pore volume, and pore connectivity) and the size and amount of organic template ligands added. Adsorption measurements suggest that the final porosity of the microporous silica is due to both primary pores (those present in the hybrid material prior to pyrolysis) and secondary pores (those created by pyrolytic removal of organic templates). Primary pores were inaccessible to N2 at 77 K but accessible to CO2 at 195 K; secondary pores were accessible to both N2 (at 77 K) and CO2 (at 195 K) in adsorption measurements. Primary porosity decreases with the amount of organic ligands added because of the enhanced densification of MPS/TEOS hybrid materials as the mole fraction of trifunctional MPS moieties increases. Pore volumes measured by nitrogen adsorption experiments at 77 K suggest that the secondary (template-derived) porosity exhibits a percolation behavior as the template concentration is increased. Gas permeation experiments indicate that the secondary pores are approximately 5 Å in diameter, consistent with predictions based on molecular simulations.
A potent replicative delta‐24 adenoviral vector driven by the promoter of human papillomavirus 16 that is highly selective for associated neoplasms (2007)

CRAd Ad-URR/E1ADelta24 is a highly selective vector for HPV+ cell lines and tumors that preserves the oncolytic efficacy of Ad-wt and Ad-Delta24. Our preclinical data suggest that this vector may be useful and safe for the treatment of tumors induced by HPV, like cervical cancers.
RNA Interference Targeting VP1 Inhibits Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Replication in BHK-21 Cells and Suckling Mice (2004)

ABSTRACT RNA interference (RNAi) is a powerful tool to silence gene expression posttranscriptionally. In this study, we evaluated the antiviral potential of small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting VP1 of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), which is essential during the life cycle of the virus and plays a key role in virus attachment to susceptible cells. We investigated in vivo the inhibitory effect of VP1-specific siRNAs on FMDV replication in BHK-21 cells and suckling mice, a commonly used small animal model. The results showed that transfection of siRNA-expressing plasmids gave an 80 to 90% reduction in the expression of FMDV VP1 in BHK-21 cells. Moreover, BHK-21 cells transiently transfected with siRNA-expressing plasmids were specifically resistant to FMDV infection when exposed to 100 50% tissue culture infective doses of virus, and the antiviral effects extended to almost 48 h postinfection. Furthermore, subcutaneous injection of siRNA-expressing plasmids in the neck made suckling mice significantly less susceptible to FMDV. In conclusion, our data suggests that RNAi may provide a viable therapeutic approach to treat FMDV infection.
Action Recognition With Spatio–Temporal Visual Attention on Skeleton Image Sequences (2018)

Action recognition with 3D skeleton sequences became popular due to its speed and robustness. The recently proposed convolutional neural networks (CNNs)-based methods show a good performance in learning spatio-temporal representations for skeleton sequences. Despite the good recognition accuracy achieved by previous CNN-based methods, there existed two problems that potentially limit the performance. First, previous skeleton representations were generated by chaining joints with a fixed order. The corresponding semantic meaning was unclear and the structural information among the joints was lost. Second, previous models did not have an ability to focus on informative joints. The attention mechanism was important for skeleton-based action recognition because different joints contributed unequally toward the correct recognition. To solve these two problems, we proposed a novel CNN-based method for skeleton-based action recognition. We first redesigned the skeleton representations with a depth-first tree traversal order, which enhanced the semantic meaning of skeleton images and better preserved the associated structural information. We then proposed the general two-branch attention architecture that automatically focused on spatio-temporal key stages and filtered out unreliable joint predictions. Based on the proposed general architecture, we designed a global long-sequence attention network with refined branch structures. Furthermore, in order to adjust the kernel's spatio-temporal aspect ratios and better capture long-term dependencies, we proposed a sub-sequence attention network (SSAN) that took sub-image sequences as inputs. We showed that the two-branch attention architecture could be combined with the SSAN to further improve the performance. Our experiment results on the NTU RGB+D data set and the SBU kinetic interaction data set outperformed the state of the art. The model was further validated on noisy estimated poses from the subsets of the UCF101 data set and the kinetics data set.
Pyro-optic studies for infrared imaging (1992)

The temperature dependence of the complex refractive indices of SbSI, MoS2, and BiVO4 have been investigated using spectroscopic ellipsometry. The wavelength of maximum temperature dependence was identified for an in depth study of the sensitivity of the reflectance coefficient to a small ac temperature modulation. It was found feasible to detect temperature changes of 10−3, 10−2, and 10−2 °C by monitoring the reflectance coefficient of SbSI, MoS2, and BiVO4, respectively, using null ellipsometry. It is thus possible to use the pyro-optic phenomena for long wavelength infrared imaging, analogous to pyroelectrics.
Refractive index engineering of transparent ZrO2–polydimethylsiloxane nanocomposites (2008)

Transparent ZrO2–polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) nanocomposites with high refractive index were prepared by dispersing ZrO2nanoparticles in a PDMS matrix via ligand molecule engineering. The ligand molecule consists of a diamine head group that adsorbs strongly onto the ZrO2nanoparticles, and a siloxane tail group with a double-tailed structure that can be easily stretched within the PDMS matrix and yields a greater steric hindrance compared to single-tailed structure. The transmission electron micrograph shows that the designed Si-based ligand molecule has a role to play in keeping ZrO2nanoparticles fully-dispersed even after the ZrO2nanoparticles were transferred into the PDMS matrix. UV-vis spectra indicate that ZrO2–PDMS nanocomposite had a high transparency of 93.3% in the whole visible range. The refractive index of the ZrO2–PDMS nanocomposite could be varied from 1.39 to 1.65 simply by increasing the ZrO2 content from 0 to 20.8% v/v.
Selective Disparity Estimation and Variable Size Motion Estimation Based on Motion Homogeneity for Multi-View Coding (2009)

Multi-view video coding (MVC) is an ongoing standard in which variable size disparity estimation (DE) and motion estimation (ME) are both employed to select the best coding mode for each macroblock (MB). This technique achieves the highest possible coding efficiency, but it results in extremely large encoding time which obstructs it from practical use. In this paper, a fast DE and ME algorithm based on motion homogeneity is proposed to reduce MVC computational complexity. The basic idea of the method is to utilize the spatial property of motion field in prediction where DE and variable size ME are needed, and only in these regions DE and variable size ME are enabled. The motion field is generated by the corresponding motion vectors (MVs) in spatial window. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can save 63% average computational complexity, with negligible loss of coding efficiency.
Anomalies due to delay and loss in AAL2 packet voice systems: performance models and methods of mitigation (1999)

This paper investigates the packet delay variation and packet loss probabilities to be expected in typical applications of voice trunking using ATM adaptation layer type 2 (AAL2) and the consequences these may have, such as the need for sequence numbers in voice packet headers. Simulations have been run for the case of 32-kb/s ADPCM encoded voice across a physical link whose bandwidth is 1/4, 1/2, or 1 times DS1 (1.536 Mb/s). The results show the number of calls that can be admitted while meeting the ninety-ninth percentile queuing delay objective of 20 ms or less. The delay budget that can be allocated to packet queuing delay at access is about 20 ms, given a one-way end-to-end delay budget of 100 to 150 ms for conversational voice. The number of calls is also limited so that the ratio of late or lost packets does not exceed 10/sup -3/. Voice quality is known to be tolerant to packet losses of up to one in 100. When the packet delay variation is significant, as it threatens to be in this situation, sequence numbers can help a receiver to detect and to recover from anomalies-lost, early, or late packets-and make fewer reconstruction errors than if sequence numbers were absent or ignored. Three circumstances are identified where packet slips can occur with ripple effects. An analysis of these cases leads to lower bounds on the sequence number modulus. The appropriate value of the sequence number modulus depends on the desired call load and performance objectives, and can be deduced from the results presented.
Towards an optimized model of incident ticket correlation (2009)

In recent years, IT service management (ITSM) has become one of the most researched areas of IT. Incident and problem management are two of the service operation processes in the IT infrastructure library (ITIL). These two processes aim to recognize, log, isolate and correct errors which occur in the environment and disrupt the delivery of services. Incident management and problem management form the basis of the tooling provided by an incident ticket systems (ITS). In an ITS system, seemingly unrelated tickets created by end users and monitoring systems can coexist and have the same root cause. The connection between failed resource and malfunctioning services is not realized automatically, but often established manually by means of human intervention. This need for human involvement reduces productivity. The introduction of automation would increase productivity and therefore reduce the cost of incident resolution. In this paper, we propose a model to correlate incident tickets based on three criteria. First, we employ a category-based correlation that relies on matching service identifiers with associated resource identifiers, using similarity rules. Secondly, we correlate the configuration items which are critical to the failed service with the earlier identified resource tickets in order to optimize the topological comparison. Finally, we augment scheduled resource data collection with constraint adaptive probing to minimize the correlation interval for temporally correlated tickets. We present experimental data in support of our proposed correlation model.
The Effect of Dexamethasone on Side Effects After Coronary Revascularization Procedures (2003)

Dexamethasone (8 mg IV) was beneficial in reducing emetic symptoms and increasing appetite after cardiac surgery. However, this dose of the corticosteroid failed to decrease postoperative pain or the incidence of new-onset atrial fibrillation.
Ser-Leu-Arg-Arg-Atriopeptin III: The Major Circulating Form of Atrial Peptide (1985)

Vasopressin induces a concentration-dependent increase in atriopeptin immunoreactivity in plasma. Rat plasma, rat atrial extract, and synthetic atriopeptin III (APIII) produced parallel displacement curves of iodine-125-labeled APIII binding to specific antiserum. Fractionation of plasma atriopeptin immunoreactivity by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography showed that the major portion consists of two species of low molecular weight peptides in a ratio of 10 to 1. Both peaks exhibited potent vasorelaxant activity, suggesting the presence of the carboxyl terminal Phe-Arg sequence of atriopeptin in each species. Sequence determination of the purified peptides indicated that the major peptide is Ser-Leu-Arg-Arg-APIII and the minor peptide APIII. It appears that the former is the major species of atrial peptide in the rat circulation and that it is the product of selective cleavage of the high molecular weight precursor.