gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of $V_{\rm ce}$ Monitoring as a Real-Time Method to Estimate Aging of Bond Wire-IGBT Modules Stressed by Power Cycling (2012)

The supervision of semiconductor power devices in operation demonstrates an obvious interest to improve the operating safety of electronic power converters used in critical applications. Unfortunately, this is a significant challenge due to the variability of stress conditions on the one hand and to the difficulty to implement accurate measurement systems in power stages on the other. Using <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CE</sub> measurement as a real-time supervision method is evaluated here by using aging test results obtained on insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) modules stressed by power cycling. These results are related to the aging of bond wires and metallization, on the top part of the module. Results were obtained in original test benches whose characteristics are overviewed briefly in the first part of this paper, along with a description of test conditions. The second part presents selected results extracted from a larger work and focusing on the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CE</sub> evolution with respect to degradations of the module's top part. Their analysis highlights the potential of <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CE</sub> measurement. The last part proposes the principle of a specific system able to achieve real-time <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CE</sub> supervision in the test benches in operation.
Design of a High Performance Charge Pump Circuit for Low Voltage Phase-locked Loops (2007)

In this paper, the design of a 1.2 V charge pump circuit suitable for PLL-based frequency synthesizer with low spurious tone requirement is presented. The proposed charge pump circuit improves current matching in a wide output voltage range by applying a replica biasing technique with a new feedback structure that provides more stable operation. The systematic percentage error for the output range from 0.1 V to 1.1 V is less than plusmn0.5 %. Other non-ideal effects such as feed-through of the input pulses, charge sharing and timing mismatch of input signals are also significantly reduced. The charge pump circuit was designed in 0.18 mum CMOS process.
Ketene Acetals. XXIII. Dealcoholation of Orthoesters with Aluminum t-Butoxide (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKetene Acetals. XXIII. Dealcoholation of Orthoesters with Aluminum t-ButoxideS. M. McElvain and William R. DavieCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 4, 1400–1402Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01148a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01148a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views372Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Comparison of Polysomnography and a Portable Home Sleep Study in the Diagnosis of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (2004)

B-2.
Wireless sensor networks and safe protocols for user tracking in human-robot cooperative workspaces (2014)

Workers protection in collaborative industrial robotics application represents the predominant aspect of robot safety in production systems. Flexible production systems and multimodal human-robot interactions often encompass cooperative tasks that are performed in fenceless configurations. Collaborative open workspaces enable, in fact, a workflow of continuously interchangeable tasks done by operators or by robot at close distance or using hand-guided modes. Layout and workflow optimization may, in fact, require a co-presence in some shared spaces whose safeguarding (e.g. robot speed limitations, distances) is conservatively restricted by the current standards. In such scenarios, the tracking of operators is mandatory for the overall assessment of the system safety. In this work, a combination of wireless sensing technologies, highly robust wireless protocols and safe computation over a standard ethernet IP (black channel) concur to improve the functional safety of a cooperative robotic system. The system architecture and data framework are in particular discussed with reference to the properties of the communication protocols implementing the safety layer.
100 Gbit/s Transmission using Single-Band Direct-Detection Optical OFDM (2009)

We experimentally demonstrate a single-band direct-detection polmux OFDM system using novel colorless transmitter and pol-mux receiver architectures. We transmit 100 Gbit/s over 500 km of standard SMF with a spectral efficiency of 3.57 bit/s/Hz.
Impaired peri-nidal cerebrovascular reserve in seizure patients with brain arteriovenous malformations (2010)

Epileptic seizures are a common presentation in patients with newly diagnosed brain arteriovenous malformations, but the pathophysiological mechanisms causing the seizures remain poorly understood. We used magnetic resonance imaging-based quantitative cerebrovascular reactivity mapping and conventional angiography to determine whether seizure-prone patients with brain arteriovenous malformations exhibit impaired cerebrovascular reserve or morphological angiographic features predictive of seizures. Twenty consecutive patients with untreated brain arteriovenous malformations were recruited (10 with and 10 without epileptic seizures) along with 12 age-matched healthy controls. Blood oxygen level-dependent MRI was performed while applying iso-oxic step changes in end-tidal partial pressure of CO(2) to obtain quantitative cerebrovascular reactivity measurements. The brain arteriovenous malformation morphology was evaluated by angiography, to determine to what extent limitations of arterial blood supply or the presence of restricted venous outflow and tissue congestion correlated with seizure susceptibility. Only patients with seizures exhibited impaired peri-nidal cerebrovascular reactivity by magnetic resonance imaging (0.11 ± 0.10 versus 0.25 ± 0.07, respectively; P < 0.001) and venous drainage patterns suggestive of tissue congestion on angiography. However, cerebrovascular reactivity changes were not of a magnitude suggestive of arterial steal, and were probably compatible with venous congestion in aetiology. Our findings demonstrate a strong association between impaired peri-nidal cerebrovascular reserve and epileptic seizure presentation in patients with brain arteriovenous malformation. The impaired cerebrovascular reserve may be associated with venous congestion. Quantitative measurements of cerebrovascular reactivity using blood oxygen level-dependent MRI appear to correlate with seizure susceptibility in patients with brain arteriovenous malformation.
Development of a surface-treatment method for AIN substrates to improve adhesion with thick-film conductors (1998)

A surface-treatment method for AIN substrates to improve adhesion with thick-film conductors has been developed based on the interfacial reaction mechanism between 96% alumina and glasses. The surface-treated AIN substrates were prepared through a combination of oxidation and sol-gel processes. An oxidation atmosphere with high PO2 and low PH2O, which produced the densest Al2O3 layer on AlN, was selected as the oxidation conditions for the surface treatment. A SiO2 layer was deposited on the Al2O3 layer, using the dipping technique with a sol-gel solution. The surface-treated AlN substrates with adequate thicknesses of Al2O3 and SiO2 as the surface-treatment layers showed a good adhesion strength with conventional thick-film conductors. This is the same result as with the 96% alumina substrates, although the adhesion strength of the conductors with bare AlN substrates was poor. These results suggest that glasses in the thick-film conductors react with the surface-treated AlN substrates in the same way as they react with the 96% alumina substrates, and also that the surface-treatment layer consisting of Al2O3 and SiO2 on AlN substrates is effective because it provides good adhesion between such substrates and conventional thick-film conductors.
The Drowning World (2014)

Author's note: My new YA novel, The Drowning World, arrived in New York City at the Publisher's Weekly offices the day that hurricane Sandy struck the East Coast. The PW editor who was interviewing me on the novel noted that it was eerie to be reading a book set in a future of Flood Lands and sinking coastlines—when right that day much of lower Manhattan was underwater. I wrote this novel for the next generations to help them survive what the kids call “global weirding”, and because I wanted to imagine other futures for our children than extinction. Florida, 2030 I recognize this sand—it's cool and sugar-white like my Siesta Key beach. “Home!” I shout out loud, laughing. “Are you sure, Lukas?” Marina asks. “It looks . . . different.” There is a lot of mud mixed in with the sand and there are fallen trees everywhere. Has there been hurricane?
State-of-the-Art of CO<sub>2</sub>Capture with Ionic Liquids (2012)

Economical and environmental aspects are the main motivation for research on energy efficient processes and the search for environment friendly materials for CO2 capture. Currently, CO2 capture is dominated by amine-based (e.g., monoethanolamine) technologies, which are very energy intensive and less attractive from an environmental point of view due to emissions of the used volatile solvent components. Ionic liquids have been proposed as a promising alternative to the conventional volatile solvents, because of their low volatility and other interesting properties. This remarkable interest has led to a rapid growth of literature on this specific subject. The aim of the present review paper is to provide a detailed overview of the achievements and difficulties that has been encountered in finding a suitable ionic liquid for CO2 capture from flue-gas streams. A major part of this review includes an overview of the experimental data of CO2 solubility, selectivity, and diffusivity in different ionic liquids. The effect of anions, cations, and functional groups on the CO2 solubility, biodegradability, and toxicity of the ionic liquids are highlighted. Recent developments on task-specific ionic liquids and supported ionic liquid membranes are also discussed. Scarcely available results of molecular simulations, which is a valuable tool in designing and evaluating ionic liquids, are also reviewed. The trends highlighted here can be used by solvent designers to navigate through the massive amount of theoretically possible ILs.
Neuropeptide AF and FF Modulation of Adipocyte Metabolism (2002)

The presence of a neuropeptide AF and FF receptor (NPFF-R2) mRNA in human adipose tissue (Elshourbagy, N. A., Ames, R. S., Fitzgerald, L. R., Foley, J. J., Chambers, J. K., Szekeres, P. G., Evans, N. A., Schmidt, D. B., Buckley, P. T., Dytko, G. M., Murdock, P. R., Tan, K. B., Shabon, U., Nuthulaganti, P., Wang, D. Y., Wilson, S., Bergsma, D. J., and Sarau, H. M. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 25965-25971) suggested these peptides, principally recognized for their pain modulating effects, may also impact on adipocyte metabolism, an aspect that has not been explored previously. Our aim was thus to obtain more insights into the actions of these peptides on adipocytes, an approach initially undertaken with a functional genomic assay. First we showed that 3T3-L1 adipocytes express both NPFF-R1 and NPFF-R2 transcripts, and that NPAF binds adipocyte membranes with a nanomolar affinity as assessed by surface plasmon resonance technology. Then, and following a 24-h treatment with NPFF or NPAF (1 microm), we have measured using real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR the mRNA steady state levels of already well characterized genes involved in key pathways of adipose metabolism. Among the 45 genes tested, few were modulated by NPFF ( approximately 10%) and a larger number by NPAF ( approximately 27%). Interestingly, NPAF increased the mRNA levels of beta2- and beta3-adrenergic receptors (AR), and to a lesser extent those of beta1-ARs. These variations in catecholamine receptor mRNAs correlated with a clear induction in the density of beta2- and beta3-AR proteins, and in the potency of beta-AR subtype-selective agonists to stimulate adenylyl cyclase activity. Altogether, these data show that NPFF-R1 and NPFF-R2 are functionally present in adipocytes and suggest that besides their well described pain modulation effects, NPAF and to a lesser extent NPFF, may have a global impact on body energy storage and utilization.
Microscopic Imaging of Glass Surfaces under the Effects of Desorption Electrospray Ionization (2009)

Microscopic imaging techniques were used to study sample removal from a glass surface by desorption electrospray ionization (DESI). Changes in fluorescence or absorption images of organic dyes were used to track the impact of the DESI spray on a smooth surface. Time-resolved images revealed rapid removal of the dye from an elliptical region impacted directly by the spray, followed by slower redistribution of the sample across the surface by flowing solvent and/or spray gases. The persistence of a mass spectrometric signal long after the dye was removed from the central impact region indicated that ions were being produced using processes other than impact of the spray on the surface. Placement of a barrier between the DESI spray tip and the mass spectrometer inlet provided additional evidence that ions were being produced at the ends of rivulets streaming away from the central impact region.
Bayesian classification and the reduction of irrelevant features from training data (2002)

Performance of a method of data reduction (referred to as the Bayesian data reduction algorithm) is demonstrated which uses a noninformative (i.e., Dirichlet distribution) prior on the symbol probabilities. The algorithm employs a "greedy" approach that relies on the average conditional probability of error as a metric for making data reducing decisions. Performance is compared to a neural network for classifying discrete feature vectors containing binary and ternary valued features, and it is shown that the Bayesian data reduction algorithm is superior. However, performance of both schemes is also shown to degrade as the quantization fineness is increased with ternary valued features.
Elimination of Current Dissipation in High Transition Temperature Superconductors (1990)

The relaxation of the shielding current-induced magnetic moment in YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7) thin films, which were grown in situ, is studied as a function of temperature. Although typical relaxations cause a large amount of decay in the magnetic shielding current (on the order of 10 to 20 percent for the first 1000 seconds), it is shown that this is not necessarily a serious problem for applications such as magnets operating in persistent-current modes. This is because the decay of the magnetic shielding current depends sensitively on how far away the operating current density is from the critical current density J(c). By using a quenching process the shielding current is reduced slightly below J(c) and the relaxation is dramatically reduced. A general relation between the relaxation rate at J(c) and the reduction of the relaxation rate upon lowering of the operating current is obtained and is shown to be consistent with experimental data.
Distribution of m1-m4 muscarinic receptor proteins in the rat striatum: light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry using subtype- specific antibodies (1994)

Muscarinic ACh receptors mediate complex and clinically important effects in the striatum. To better understand the roles of the different muscarinic receptor subtypes (m1-m4), we have determined the cellular and subcellular distribution of the m1-m4 receptor proteins in the rat neostriatum using subtype-specific antibodies and avidin-biotin-peroxidase immunocytochemistry for light and electron microscopy. m1 receptor protein is expressed in 78% of neurons and is enriched in spiny dendrites and at postsynaptic densities. A small number of m1-immunoreactive axon terminals were observed, all forming asymmetrical synapses. About 2.5% of striatal neurons express m2 receptor protein with reaction product evident, by light microscopy in scattered large oval neurons with enfolded nuclei and long aspiny dendrites. By electron microscopy, m2 immunocytochemistry labeled somata, aspiny dendrites, and many axon terminals. Most axon terminals containing m2 make symmetrical synapses with somata, and dendritic shafts and spines. In addition, many m2-immunoreactive axon terminals formed asymmetrical synapses with spines or dendrites. m3 receptor protein was not evident in somata by light microscopy but was present in a distinct population of small-caliber spiny dendrites as well as in axon terminals forming asymmetrical synapses with spines. m4 receptor protein was heterogeneously distributed in the neostriatum and localized to 44% of striatal cells. m4-positive neurons had the ultrastructural features of medium spiny neurons with reaction product particularly concentrated in spines, often at postsynaptic densities. Axon terminals containing m4 form asymmetrical synapses, primarily with spines. These findings indicate that the muscarinic receptor proteins occur in distinct populations of striatal neurons; that the receptor proteins concentrate postsynaptically at synapses, including many considered to be noncholinergic; that m2 is the predominant muscarinic autoreceptor in the striatum; and that each receptor subtype may be a presynaptic heteroceptor in the striatum modulating extrinsic striatal afferents.
Prediction of Product Quality from Spectral Data Using the Partial Least-Squares Method (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPrediction of Product Quality from Spectral Data Using the Partial Least-Squares MethodIldiko Frank, John Feikema, Nick Constantine, and Bruce KowalskiCite this: J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 1984, 24, 1, 20–24Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1984Publication History Published online6 August 2003Published inissue 1 February 1984https://doi.org/10.1021/ci00041a602Request reuse permissionsArticle Views146Altmetric-Citations58LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (563 KB) Get e-Alerts
The self-propulsion of microscopic organisms through liquids (1953)

Abstract Since the Reynolds number of motion of microscopic organisms through liquids, defined as LρV/μ, where L is the length of the organism, V the velocity with which it moves, ρ the density of the liquid and μ the viscosity, is small, propulsion is due predominantly to the viscous forces, the effect of the inertial forces being negligible. The best-known problem that neglects all inertial forces is Stokes’s solution for the slow steady fluid motion past a sphere, in which the velocity field can be described in terms of singularities situated at the centre of the sphere. The movement of microscopic organisms is determined by placing distributions of these singularities inside the surface of the organism and satisfying all boundary conditions. The motions that are considered are restricted to organisms which propagate some kind of disturbance along filaments of circular cross-section with small radius. The first problem to be considered is that of an infinite thin filament along which are propagated plane waves of lateral displacement. Formulae for the velocity of propulsion are obtained for (i) the limiting case of zero radius and (ii) the case when the amplitude of the displacement is small compared to the wave-length. Computations have been carried out to estimate the propulsion in the case of small non-zero filament radius when the amplitude is larger than that allowed for in case (ii) above. It is also shown that the propulsion of a finite filament which forms itself into a single wave is very near to that of an infinite filament with the same wave motion. The second problem is that of an infinite filament along which any general three-dimensional disturbance is propagated. The movement is then deduced for the propagation of a spiral wave along an infinite filament, and also for the propagation of longitudinal waves along a finite filament.
Hydrogenation of Xylose to Xylitol (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrogenation of Xylose to XylitolJ. Wisniak, M. Hershkowitz, R. Leibowitz, and S. SteinCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1974, 13, 1, 75–79Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i360049a015https://doi.org/10.1021/i360049a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1114Altmetric-Citations58LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts