gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Endoproteolytic processing of the human protein C precursor by the yeast Kex2 endopeptidase coexpressed in mammalian cells (1991)

The human protein C precursor undergoes extensive co- and posttranslational modification during its biosynthesis in the liver. These modifications include glycosylation, gamma-carboxylation, and beta-hydroxylation of specific amino acids and endoproteolytic processing to remove the pre- and propeptides as well as the pair of basic amino acids which connect the light and heavy chains in the precursor. Previous studies with a recombinant mammalian expression system have indicated that the endopeptidase in several mammalian cell types which recognizes and cleaves this dibasic site has a substrate specificity for sites which also include a basic amino acid in the -4 position (Foster et al., 1990). Since the human protein C precursor has His154 in the -4 position, it is poorly and incompletely cleaved in BHK and several other mammalian cell lines and also apparently secreted from the liver as a mixed population of mature two-chain and precursor one-chain molecules. In the present study, a mammalian expression system has been used to study the effect of coexpressing the protein C precursor together with the yeast Kex2 endopeptidase which is known to recognize and process dibasic pairs within peptide precursors in yeast. Coexpression of the KEX2 gene resulted in complete conversion of the protein C precursor to the mature two-chain form. Amino-terminal sequencing of the cleavage products has indicated that the cleavage occurs in the correct location and that this site is preferentially recognized by the yeast endopeptidase within the context of the mammalian cell secretory pathway.
Optical clockworks and the measurement of laser frequencies with a mode-locked frequency comb (2001)

Femtosecond laser-frequency comb techniques are vastly simplifying the measurement and synthesis of optical frequencies. A single mode-locked femtosecond laser, with its spectrum broadened by self-phase modulation in a microstructured or tapered nonlinear fiber, can produce millions of sharp laser lines in a precise evenly spaced grid spanning much of the visible and near-infrared spectrum. The absolute frequency of each line is determined by two observable radio-frequency signals. The pulse repetition rate gives the spacing of the comb lines and the rate at which the phase of the lightwave slips, relative to the intensity envelope from pulse to pulse determines the offset frequency by which each line is displaced from a precise integral multiple of the repetition frequency. This offset frequency can be measured most easily if the comb spans more than an optical octave so that one can observe a radio frequency beat note between the second harmonic of the infrared comb lines with the corresponding comb lines at the blue end. Such an optical-frequency synthesizer makes optical oscillations readily countable and provides the long-awaited compact optical clockwork for an all-optical clock.
Micromachined microbial fuel cells (2003)

This paper presents a micromachined microbial fuel cell as an energy source for microsystems. A microorganism, saccharomyces cerevisiae, is used to catalyse glucose that is the fuel for the cell and electricity is produced by the overall redox reaction. A two-mask, bulk-micromachining process is used to fabricate the fuel cell and the prototype has an electrode area of 0.51 cm/sup 2/. Both proton-exchange membrane and electron mediator are used to assist the operation. The bio-electrical responses of the micromachined microbial fuel cell are characterized with an open-circuit potential measured at an average value of 343 mV. The power density is measured as 0.5 /spl mu/W/cm/sup 3/ under a 10-ohm load.
Muscle volume compared to cross-sectional area is more appropriate for evaluating muscle strength in young and elderly individuals (2009)

for elbow flexors, MV compared to ACSA is appropriate for evaluating the size-strength relationship and the existence of age-related difference in muscle strength per size.
Results from a new hearing aid using “acoustic scene analysis” (2005)

In Brief An overview and clinical results are provided for a new hearing aid that uses “acoustic scene analysis” to recognize sound environments and adapt its response accordingly.
Stabilization of Sialic Acids inN-linked Oligosaccharides and Gangliosides for Analysis by Positive Ion Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry (1996)

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry of oligosaccharides and gangliosides normally causes loss of sialic acid, particularly when alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid is used as the matrix. In addition, the potential signal is split because both positive and, to a greater extent, negative ions are formed while signals are frequently complicated as the result of partial alkali-salt formation. In order to stabilize the sialic acid moieties under MALDI conditions and to divert all of the signal into the positive-ion mode, a method involving their conversion into methyl esters has been developed. The method is relatively rapid and produces strong positive-ion signals from N-linked oligosaccharides containing sialic acid and from gangliosides. The latter compounds are stable, even in the presence of alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid. They give abundant molecular (MNa+) ions, but with sufficient residual in-source fragmentation to allow the sequence of the sugar chain to be determined. The sialic acid residue is stable after methylation, irrespective of its linkage to the parent molecule.
Fiberoptic metal detector capable of profile detection (2011)

The purpose of this paper is to develop a novel ferromagnetic polymeric metal detector system by using a fiber-optic Mach-Zehnder interferometer with a newly developed ferromagnetic polymer as the magnetostrictive sensing device. This ferromagnetic polymeric metal detector system is simple to fabricate, small in size, and resistant to RF interference (which is common in typical electromagnetic type metal detectors). Metal detection is made possible by disrupting the magnetic flux density present on the magnetostrictive sensor. This paper discusses the magnetic properties of the ferromagnetic polymers. In addition, the preliminary results of successful sensing of different geometrical metal shapes will be discussed.
The papyrus integrated data server (2002)

Summary form only given. The authors focus on the performance of integrated specialized data managers. In particular, they focus on the customizations of parallel executions of data manager operators in a variety of computer configurations. This is done by specifying the glue that connects data manager operators in a way that is independent of the computer configuration; and then providing the ability to transparently target the execution to a variety of computer configurations. Parallelization of data manager operators built using Papyrus services is a challenging problem, but a more challenging problem is the parallelization of data manager operators that are built independently of Papyrus and are therefore black boxes to Papyrus. Papyrus is a set of modules and services that enables the parallelization and integration of specialized data managers into one execution environment. Papyrus programs can be transparently targeted to different hardware configurations and can dynamically adjust at runtime to the number of available resources. A Papyrus System consists of a number of clients interfacing to a Papyrus Server. The Server consists of several integrated data managers executing on a multiprocessor system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Improved version of the evanescent-wave coupler (1970)

An improved version of the evanescent-wave coupler has been obtained by replacing the air gap with a low-index layer onto which the coupling prism is cemented.
Intrathecal Infusion Systems for Treatment of Chronic Low Back and Leg Pain of Noncancer Origin (1996)

In this study, 26 patients (average age, 44.3 years) with chronic noncancer pain averaging 115 months' duration had implantation of an infusion pump with intrathecal catheter placement. In general, preservative-free morphine sulfate was used. Average follow-up was 23 months. Measurements of pain reduction, activity improvement, oral medication use, and overall satisfaction by patient, spouse, and clinic staff were obtained. Of the 26 patients, 20 noted a good or excellent outcome. Average daily dosage of intrathecal morphine increased over time by approximately sevenfold. Subjective pain levels decreased an average of 59%, and daily functioning increased 50%. No postoperative complications were noted, but 11 patients required additional surgery (9 for catheter complications). These data support chronic spinal opiate therapy as an option for safe and long-term management of noncancer pain.
Model Based Calibration (2015)

This article describes calibration of control systems for downsized boosted engines. Model-based design of powertrain and aftertreatment control systems includes plant modeling and controller synthesis. The article illustrates the typical work flow of the model-based calibration process for an engine. In the process, the first step is the design of experiment. The experiment design should cover a multisurface space. That guides the next step to collect data from an engine or powertrain at critical operating points. Once the data are collected, an engine system model is built along with its designed controller models, then the operation of the control systems and controller parameters are optimized or calibrated based on the plant models. With these initial values of the calibrations handy, one can either download the calibration into the production ECU or use a rapid prototyping controller to conduct a full validation or final fine tuning of the engine powertrain control system in test cells or on vehicles.
Spherical reference cavities for frequency stabilization of lasers in non-laboratory environments (2011)

We present an optical cavity design that is insensitive to both vibrations and orientation. The design is based on a spherical cavity spacer that is held rigidly at two points on a diameter of the sphere. Coupling of the support forces to the cavity length is reduced by holding the sphere at a "squeeze insensitive angle" with respect to the optical axis. Finite element analysis is used to calculate the acceleration sensitivity of the spherical cavity for the ideal geometry as well as for several varieties of fabrication errors. The measured acceleration sensitivity for an initial, sub-ideal version of the mounted cavity is 4.0(5)×10(-11)/g, 1.6(3)×10(-10)/g, and 3.1(1)×10(-10)/g (where g = 9.81 m/s2) for accelerations along the vertical and two horizontal directions, and the fractional frequency stability of a laser locked to the cavity is 1.2×10(-15) between 0.4 and 13 s. This low acceleration sensitivity combined with the orientation insensitivity that comes with a rigid mount indicates that this cavity design could allow frequency stable lasers to operate in non-laboratory environments.
Personalized Battery Lifetime Prediction for Mobile Devices based on Usage Patterns (2011)

Nowadays mobile devices are used for various applications such as making voice/video calls, browsing the Internet, listening to music etc. The average battery consumption of each of these activities and the length of time a user spends on each one determines the battery lifetime of a mobile device. Previous methods have provided predictions of battery lifetime using a static battery consumption rate that does not consider user characteristics. This paper proposes an approach to predict a mobile device's available battery lifetime based on usage patterns. Because every user has a different pattern of voice calls, data communication, and video call usage, we can use such usage patterns for personalized prediction of battery lifetime. Firstly, we define one or more states that affect battery consumption. Then, we record time-series log data related to battery consumption and the use time of each state. We calculate the average battery consumption rate for each state and determine the usage pattern based on the time-series data. Finally, we predict the available battery time based on the average battery consumption rate for each state and the usage pattern. We also present the experimental trials used to validate our approach in the real world.
Clasas: A Key-Store for the Cloud (2010)

We propose Clasas (from the Castilian “Claves seguras” for “secure keys”), a key-store for distributed storage such in the Cloud. The security of Clasas derives from breaking keys into K shares and storing the key shares at many different sites. This provides both a probabilistic and a deterministic guarantee against an adversary trying to obtain keys. The probabilistic guarantee is based on a combinatorial explosion, which forces an adversary to subvert a very large portion of the storage sites for even a minute chance of obtaining a key. The deterministic guarantee stems from the use of LH* distributed linear hashing. Our use of the LH* addressing rules insures that no two key shares (belonging to the same key) are ever, even in transit, stored at the same site. Consequentially, an adversary has to subvert at least K sites. In addition, even an insider with extensive administrative privileges over many of the sites used for key storage is prevented from obtaining access to any key. Our key-store uses LH* or its scalable availability derivate, LH*RS to distribute key shares among a varying number of storage sites in a manner transparent to its users. While an adversary faces very high obstacles in obtaining a key, clients or authorized entities acting on their behalf can access keys with a very small number of messages, even if they do not know all sites where key shares are stored. This allows easy sharing of keys, rekeying, and key revocation.
\nA simple classification model for debriefing simulation games (2004)

\n Contains fulltext :\n 67123.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access)\n
RF Catheter Ablation: Lessons on Lesions (2006)

The present treatment of atrial fibrillation by radiofrequency catheter ablation requires long continuous lesions in the thin walled left atrium where side effects may lead to serious complications. Better understanding of the physical processes that take place during ablation may help to improve the quality, safety, and outcome of these procedures. These processes include the distribution of power between blood, tissue, and patient; the mechanisms of tissue heating and coagulum formation; the relation between tissue and electrode temperatures; and the effects of increased electrode size and internal and external electrode cooling. With normal electrode-tissue contact, only a fraction of all power is effectively delivered to the tissue. Due to the variability of blood flow cooling, applied power and electrode temperature rise are poor indicators of lesion formation. With a longer electrode, the efficiency of tissue heating is decreased and the greater variation in tissue contact caused by electrode orientation makes lesion formation even more unpredictable. The absence of impedance rise during ablation does not guarantee the absence of blood clot formation on the tissue contact site. Blood clots may unnoticeably be created on the lesion surface and are caused by thermal denaturization of blood proteins, independent of heparinization. Irrigated ablation with external flush may prevent blood clot formation. Irrigation minimally affects lesion size by cooling the tissue surface. Larger lesions may only be created by the application of higher power levels. Electrode cooling, however, impedes electrode temperature feed back and blinds the operator for excessive tissue heating. External cooling alone with preservation of temperature feed back is a promising concept that may lead to improved procedural safety and success.
A Sensor System to Detect Positive and Negative Current-Temperature Dependences (2011)

We present a sensor system that determines if the circuit current-temperature ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">I</i> - <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</i> ) dependence is positive or negative. While prior temperature sensors can prevent overheating and temperature-induced timing failures in systems with negative <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">I</i> - <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</i> dependences, the proposed sensor system can prevent these issues in systems with negative or positive <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">I</i> - <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</i> dependences. This capability will become increasingly critical as technology scaling results in positive <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">I</i> - <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</i> dependences occurring at near-nominal operating voltages. The fabricated sensor system occupies <; 0.05 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , consuming 310 nJ per sample with 20- μs latency in 0.35-μm technology. A process variation compensation unit is presented for the calibration of the temperature sensor, which has a temperature nonlinearity of as low as 0.2%. Sensor functionality is verified over a temperature range of 5°C-80°C and a voltage range of 0.6-3.3 V. The system is shown to achieve this improved functionality while maintaining comparable area, energy, and accuracy with alternative temperature sensor designs.
TCP-PR: TCP for persistent packet reording (2004)

Most standard implementations of TCP perform poorly when packets are reordered. In this paper, we propose a new version of TCP that maintains high throughput when reordering occurs and yet, when packet reordering does not occur is friendly to other versions of TCP. The proposed TCP variant, or TCP-PR, does not rely on duplicate acknowledgments to detect a packet loss. Instead, timers are maintained to keep track of how long ago a packet was transmitted. In case the corresponding acknowledgment has not yet arrived and the elapsed time since the packet was sent is larger than a given threshold, the packet is assumed lost. Because TCP-PR does not rely on duplicate acknowledgments, packet reordering (including out-of-order acknowledgments) has no effect on TCP-PR performance. Through extensive simulations, we show that TCP-PR performs consistently better than existing mechanisms that try to make TCP more robust to packet reordering. When the case that packets are not reordered, we verify that TCP-PR maintains the same throughput as typical implementations of TCP (specifically, TCP-SACK) and shares network resources fairly.
Do we really understand quantum mechanics? Strange correlations, paradoxes, and theorems (2001)

This article presents a general discussion of several aspects of our present understanding of quantum mechanics. The emphasis is put on the very special correlations that this theory makes possible: They are forbidden by very general arguments based on realism and local causality. In fact, these correlations are completely impossible in any circumstance, except for very special situations designed by physicists especially to observe these purely quantum effects. Another general point that is emphasized is the necessity for the theory to predict the emergence of a single result in a single realization of an experiment. For this purpose, orthodox quantum mechanics introduces a special postulate: the reduction of the state vector, which comes in addition to the Schrödinger evolution postulate. Nevertheless, the presence in parallel of two evolution processes of the same object (the state vector) may be a potential source for conflicts; various attitudes that are possible to avoid this problem are discussed in this text. After a brief historical introduction, recalling how the very special status of the state vector has emerged in quantum mechanics, various conceptual difficulties are introduced and discussed. The Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) theorem is presented with the help of a botanical parable, in a way that emphasizes how deeply the EPR reasoning is rooted into what is often called “scientific method.” In another section the Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger argument, the Hardy impossibilities, as well as the Bell–Kochen–Specker theorem are introduced in simple terms. The final two sections attempt to give a summary of the present situation: One section discusses nonlocality and entanglement as we see it presently, with brief mention of recent experiments; the last section contains a (nonexhaustive) list of various attitudes that are found among physicists, and that are helpful to alleviate the conceptual difficulties of quantum mechanics.
SJ/RESURF LDMOST (2004)

A monolithic lateral double diffused MOSFET (LDMOST) based on the super junction (SJ) concept is proposed to significantly improve the device's on-state and off-state characteristics. The device structure features a split drift region made of two parts: 1) an SJ structure that extends over most of the drift region and 2) a terminating reduced surface field (RESURF) region occupying a portion of the drift region adjacent to the n/sup +/ drain. This structure suppresses substrate-assisted depletion effects and ensures complete depletion and near uniform electric field distribution over the entire drift region. In the on-state, the high conductivity of the SJ drift region results in a significant improvement in the specific on-resistance for a given breakdown voltage (BV) and, hence, a reduction in the on-state, switching, and gate-drive losses. In the off-state, the RESURF region, located near the n/sup +/ drain, effectively neutralizes the substrate-assisted depletion effects and results in high BV.
Deep Contextual Multi-armed Bandits (2018)

Contextual multi-armed bandit problems arise frequently in important industrial applications. Existing solutions model the context either linearly, which enables uncertainty driven (principled) exploration, or non-linearly, by using epsilon-greedy exploration policies. Here we present a deep learning framework for contextual multi-armed bandits that is both non-linear and enables principled exploration at the same time. We tackle the exploration vs. exploitation trade-off through Thompson sampling by exploiting the connection between inference time dropout and sampling from the posterior over the weights of a Bayesian neural network. In order to adjust the level of exploration automatically as more data is made available to the model, the dropout rate is learned rather than considered a hyperparameter. We demonstrate that our approach substantially reduces regret on two tasks (the UCI Mushroom task and the Casino Parity task) when compared to 1) non-contextual bandits, 2) epsilon-greedy deep contextual bandits, and 3) fixed dropout rate deep contextual bandits. Our approach is currently being applied to marketing optimization problems at HubSpot.
ChemInform Abstract: ALUMINUM ALKYLS WITH HETEROATOMS; PREPARATION OF PHOSPHONIC ACID DIAMIDES. PART XI (1981)

Abstract Die Al‐Verbindungen (I) reagieren mit POCl 3 in hohen Ausb. zu den Phosphonsäuredichlorid‐AlCl 3 ‐Komplexen (II), aus denen nach Hydrolyse mit HCl die freien Phosphonsäuren isoliert werden können.