gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultra-short-acting cardioselective beta-blockade attenuates postischemic cardiac dysfunction in the isolated rat heart (2001)

Landiolol hydrochloride has the potential to enhance postischemic cardiac function after the warm cardioplegic arrest. The optimal concentration for maximum postischemic functional recovery was 2.5 mmol/l, and recoveries of aortic flow and heart rate decreased in hearts receiving 5 mmol/l or more.
Rates of Co-infection Between SARS-CoV-2 and Other Respiratory Pathogens (2020)

This study describes the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 co-infection with noncoronavirus respiratory pathogens in a sample of symptomatic patients undergoing PCR testing in March 2020.
Pseudoalteromonas peptidolytica sp. nov., a novel marine mussel-thread-degrading bacterium isolated from the Sea of Japan. (2000)

A new bacterial species belonging to the genus Pseudoalteromonas is described on the basis of phenotypic characterization, and sequence analysis of its 16S rRNA-coding and gyrase B (gyrB) genes. Ten strains, isolated from sea water of Yamato Island, Sea of Japan, were Gram-negative, yellow, motile, polarly flagellated, aerobic, rod-shaped eubacteria and had a G + C content of 42 mol%. Analysis of the 16S rDNA sequence revealed a clear affiliation between these strains and members of the gamma-Proteobacteria. High similarity values were found with members of the genus Pseudoalteromonas and this was supported by fatty acid profiles. The 16S rDNA sequence similarity between strain F12-50-A1T and Pseudoalteromonas piscicida was very high (99.1%). However, molecular characterizations employing small subunit 16S rDNA sequences were at the limits of resolution for the differentiation of species in this genus. As a result, DNA-DNA hybridization and sequence analyses of a more rapidly evolving gyrB gene were performed. Our assertion that this strain represents a distinct bacterial species within the genus Pseudoalteromonas was supported by both of these molecular analyses. Species-specific PCR probes were designed for the gyrB gene and used for the rapid screening of F12-50-A1T-like strains, thereby confirming the species. As these strains cleave complex protein compounds of the Mytilus edulis foot by secreting proteases, the name Pseudoalteromonas peptidolytica sp. nov. is proposed, with strain F12-50-A1T (= MBICC F1250A1T) as the type strain.
Two-dimensional position measurement using magnetoquasistatic fields (2011)

Two-dimensional (2-D) measurements of the magnetoquasistatic fields generated from a magnetic dipole (an electrically small current loop) located above the earth are compared to calculations using complex image theory. The magnetoquasistatic coupling between a vertical (i.e., surface normal parallel to the earth) emitting loop and seven vertical receiving loops was measured in a two-dimensional x-y grid of 27.43 m by 27.43 m, all above the earth, where the receiving loops were located outside this grid. Inverting the theoretical expressions to estimate two-dimensional position from measured field values resulted in an average geometric position error of 1.08 m (100 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> percentile of the measured grid), and an average error of 0.89 m for 95th percentile of measured grid.
Healthy Human Subjects Have CD4+ T Cells Directed against H5N1 Influenza Virus (2008)

It is commonly perceived that the human immune system is naive to the newly emerged H5N1 virus. In contrast, most adults have been exposed to influenza A H1N1 and H3N2 viruses through vaccination or infection. Adults born before 1968 have likely been exposed to H2N2 viruses. We hypothesized that CD4(+) T cells generated in response to H1N1, H3N2, and H2N2 influenza A viruses also recognize H5N1 epitopes. Tetramer-guided epitope mapping and Ag-specific class II tetramers were used to identify H5N1-specific T cell epitopes and detect H5N1-specific T cell responses. Fifteen of 15 healthy subjects tested had robust CD4(+) T cell responses against matrix protein, nucleoprotein, and neuraminidase of the influenza A/Viet Nam/1203/2004 (H5N1) virus. These results are not surprising, because the matrix protein and nucleoprotein of influenza A viruses are conserved while the neuraminidase of the H5N1 virus is of the same subtype as that of the circulating H1N1 influenza strain. However, H5N1 hemagglutinin-reactive CD4(+) T cells were also detected in 14 of 14 subjects examined despite the fact that hemagglutinin is less conserved. Most were cross-reactive to H1, H2, or H3 hemagglutinin epitopes. H5N1-reactive T cells were also detected ex vivo, exhibited a memory phenotype, and were capable of secreting IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-5, and IL-13. These data demonstrate the presence of H5N1 cross-reactive T cells in healthy Caucasian subjects, implying that exposure to influenza A H1N1, H3N2, or H2N2 viruses through either vaccination or infection may provide partial immunity to the H5N1 virus.
Cardiovascular Aging and Heart Failure (2003)

The aging process is a major factor that contributes to changes seen in the cardiovascular system in older people. Stiffening of the arterial tree alters afterload and left ventricular geometry and although resting left ventricular systolic function is maintained, left ventricular diastolic function changes substantially. Cardiovascular function in older people during exercise is also significantly altered but can be modified by exercise training in older adults or genetic modification in animals. Age-related changes in cardiovascular structure and function also lower the threshold at which cardiac diseases become apparent. This review describes the changes in cardiovascular structure and function at rest and during exercise in older people and highlights their consequences.
Max Percentile Replication for Optimal Performance in Multi-regional P2P VoD Systems (2012)

Peer-to-peer based (P2P) VoD systems have proven to be an effective solution for scalable video distribution. In P2P VoD, each peer contributes storage to replicate videos and assist video delivery. A fundamental question is how to optimally replicate video content across the peers so as to maximize their upload capacity. We study this question within the context of a large-scale P2P network where peers are grouped into different geographical regions, and downloading a video across regions is more expensive than within a region. Our analysis addresses the combined challenge of (1) optimizing the replica allocation (placement) with respect to an arbitrary stochastic demand distribution, and (2) finding an optimal assignment of video requests to peers. The problem addressed can model other applications including inventory problems. Our main result is that optimal replica placement in single- and multi-region environments is of max percentile nature. We derive optimal algorithms and show that they have low complexity and thus very practical. We use numerical analysis and simulation to evaluate the system performance and study its behavior. Our results can be used to provide valuable insights on the design of P2P VoD systems.
Transitioning to Integrated Modular Avionics with a Mission Management System (2000)

This paper presents an incremental approach towards the adoption of an Integrated Modular Avionics (IMA) architecture via the implementation of a Mission Management System using present-day Commercial Off-The Shelf (COTS) technology. While standardized IMA modules are planned to be developed in the medium term the approach presented enables the maximum benefits to be obtained from those aspects of the IMA concepts which are the most advanced while exploiting the availability of today's COTS hardware. This approach is embodied in the Mission Management System which is under development at ESC.
Mass spectrometry of intact neutral macromolecules using intense non‐resonant femtosecond laser vaporization with electrospray post‐ionization (2009)

Intact, nonvolatile, biological macromolecules can be transferred directly from the solid state into the gas phase, in ambient air, for subsequent mass spectral analysis using non-resonant femtosecond (fs) laser desorption combined with electrospray ionization (ESI). Mass spectral measurements for neat samples, including a dipeptide, protoporphyrin IX and vitamin B12 adsorbed on a glass insulating surface, were obtained using an 800 nm, 70 fs laser with an intensity of 10(13) W cm(-2). No appreciable signal was detected when atmospheric matrix-assisted or neat (matrix-free) fs laser desorption was performed without ESI, indicating neutral desorption.
Model-free occupancy-based control of variable-air-volume terminal boxes (2014)

In this demo abstract, we describe an occupancy-based control (OBC) system under development that has potential to save 18% of the energy use on average in office buildings having single-duct variable-air-volume (VAV) heating, ventilating and air-conditioning systems. The OBC system uses the measured number of occupants to control the airflow rate through the VAV box during times when no heating or cooling is called for by the zone thermostat. It can be retrofit on the terminal boxes in existing VAV systems. The demonstration will provide: 1) background on the concept, energy benefits, system structure, and system components, 2) a working bench-top system with actual terminal box, terminal box controller, and OBC software running on a microprocessor, and 3) a computer-based dashboard that will graphically display occupancy changes of a virtual room, which will drive the bench-top system, and key variables that show the behavior of the OBC system and its impacts.
An extensible architecture for run-time monitoring of conversational web services (2010)

Trust in Web services will be greatly enhanced if these are subject to run-time verification, even if they were previously tested, since their context of execution is subject to continuous change; and services may also be upgraded without notifying their consumers in advance. Conversational Web services introduce added complexity when it comes to run-time verification, since they follow a conversation protocol and they have a state bound to the session of each consumer accessing them. Furthermore, conversational Web services have different policies on how they maintain their state. Access to states can be private or shared; and states may be transient or persistent. These differences must be taken into account when building a scalable architecture for run-time verification through monitoring. This paper, building on a previously proposed theoretical framework for run-time verification of conversational Web services, presents the design, implementation and validation of a novel run-time monitoring architecture for conversational services, which aims to provide a holistic monitoring framework enabling the integration of different verification tools. The architecture is validated by running a sequence of test scenarios, based on a realistic example. The experimental results revealed that the monitoring activities have a tolerable overhead on the operation of a Web service.
Malignant Precursor Cells Pre-Exist in Human Breast DCIS and Require Autophagy for Survival (2010)

Cytogenetically abnormal spheroid forming, tumorigenic, and invasive neoplastic epithelial cells pre-exist in human DCIS and require cellular autophagy for survival.
A new approach for pulse processing in positron emission tomography (2005)

In this paper, we propose a new technique for positron emission tomography (PET) pulse processing that has the potential to overcome design limitations in PET arising from the need to use fast, high-cost analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). In this technique, we consider the voltage pulse derived from the charge pulse generated by a scintillator/photomultiplier tube (PMT) detector upon a detection event and model the voltage pulse by a fast, linearly rising edge followed by a slower exponential decay. Based on this model, we show that the basic parameters of the voltage pulse that are relevant for PET event detection can be determined from a trigger time and four time intervals measured on the pulse. We also discuss an electronic implementation in which the required measurements can be obtained by using clocks, comparators, and registers, thereby eliminating the use of ADCs and constant fraction discriminators in PET front-end electronics. We conduct computer simulation studies to evaluate the performance of the proposed technique and our results are promising. When used with Cerium Doped Lutetium Oxyorthosilicate (LSO)/PMT, the proposed technique can generate accurate results for the photon energy, the event time, and the decay-time constant. In addition, it can support an energy resolution of about 30% and a coincidence window of about 10 ns. On the other hand, in its present form the proposed technique is not suitable for use with BGO/PMT due to its low light yield.
RIG-I and MDA-5 Detection of Viral RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase Activity Restricts Positive-Strand RNA Virus Replication (2013)

Type I interferons (IFN) are important for antiviral responses. Melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA-5) and retinoic acid-induced gene I (RIG-I) proteins detect cytosolic double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) or 5'-triphosphate (5'-ppp) RNA and mediate IFN production. Cytosolic 5'-ppp RNA and dsRNA are generated during viral RNA replication and transcription by viral RNA replicases [RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRp)]. Here, we show that the Semliki Forest virus (SFV) RNA replicase can induce IFN-β independently of viral RNA replication and transcription. The SFV replicase converts host cell RNA into 5'-ppp dsRNA and induces IFN-β through the RIG-I and MDA-5 pathways. Inactivation of the SFV replicase RdRp activity prevents IFN-β induction. These IFN-inducing modified host cell RNAs are abundantly produced during both wild-type SFV and its non-pathogenic mutant infection. Furthermore, in contrast to the wild-type SFV replicase a non-pathogenic mutant replicase triggers increased IFN-β production, which leads to a shutdown of virus replication. These results suggest that host cells can restrict RNA virus replication by detecting the products of unspecific viral replicase RdRp activity.
Design and performance analysis of SoC architecture based on ARM Cortex-M3 (2012)

The method of how to design SoC with ARM Cortex-M3 core is carefully studied,and the relationship between chip architecture and performance is also analyzed.Firstly,the essentials of SoC design with Cortex-M3 are presented based on the core′s structural features,especially the bus structure feature.Then,with the help of CoreMark program from EEMBC,the performance of a chip with Cortex-M3 core is tested after tape-out,and also compared with the test results of STM32F103 MCU in order to illustrate different architectures ′ effects on chips′ performance.At last,the factors which affect the performance of SoC,including chip architecture,memory speed,process and frequency,are analyzed and summarized.
An Analytical Study of Time of Flight Error Estimation in Two-Way Ranging Methods (2018)

In absence of clock synchronization, Two-Way Ranging (TWR) is the most commonly used technique for measuring the distance between two wireless transceivers. The existing time-of-flight (TOF) error estimation model, the IEEE 802.15.4-2011 standard, is specifically based on clock drift error. However, it is insufficient when an in-depth comparative analysis of different TWR methods is required. In this paper, we propose an extended TOF error estimation model for TWR methods, based on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard. Using the proposed model, we perform an analytical study of TOF error estimation among different TWR methods. The model is validated with numerical simulation results. Moreover, we demonstrate the pitfalls of the symmetric double-sided TWR (SDS-TWR) method, which is commonly used to reduce the TOF error due to clock drifts.
Maleation of polylactide (PLA) by reactive extrusion (1999)

Free-radical-initiated grafting of maleic anhydride (MA) onto a polylactide (PLA) backbone was performed by reactive extrusion. A concentration of 2 wt % MA in the presence of 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di-(tert-butylperoxy)hexane (Lupersol 101) as the free-radical initiator was used for all experiments. Two reaction temperatures were studied (180 and 200°C) with a peroxide initiator concentration between 0.0 and 0.5 wt %. Under these conditions, between 0.066 and 0.672 wt % MA was grafted onto the PLA chains. Triple-detector size-exclusion chromatography (TriSEC), melt flow index (MFI), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to characterize the maleated PLA polymers. Increasing the initiator concentration resulted in an increase in the grafting of MA, as well as a decrease in the molecular weight of the polymer. The maleation of PLA proved to be very efficient in promoting strong interfacial adhesion with corn native starch in composites as obtained by melt blending. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 72: 477–485, 1999
Tagging Urdu text with parts of speech (2009)

In this paper, four state-of-art probabilistic taggers i.e. TnT tagger, TreeTagger, RF tagger and SVM tool, are applied to the Urdu language. For the purpose of the experiment, a syntactic tagset is proposed. A training corpus of 100,000 tokens is used to train the models. Using the lexicon extracted from the training corpus, SVM tool shows the best accuracy of 94.15%. After providing a separate lexicon of 70,568 types, SVM tool again shows the best accuracy of 95.66%.
Technology evaluation: Valspodar, Novartis AG. (2000)

Valspodar (PSC-833) is a derivative of cyclosporin but devoid of the immunosuppressive and nephrotoxic properties seen in cyclosporin A. It exhibited high affinity binding to Mdr1 P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and demonstrated multidrug resistance-reversing activity superior to cyclosporin A and verapamil both in vitro and in vivo. Preclinical and phase I/II clinical data have indicated that plasma levels of PSC-833 with multidrug resistance-reversing activities are achievable. Potent inhibition of intestinal, hepatobiliary and blood-brain barrier P-gp function has been demonstrated. Since valspodar is also a substrate of cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A), dual interactions of this compound with P-gp and CYP3A are the basis for the pharmacokinetic interactions seen in preclinical and clinical studies. A new formulation of the drug has recently been developed with better oral bioavailability (60%) and less interindividual variability. The toxicity profiles of valspodar are acceptable and dose-limited by transient and reversible cerebellar ataxia. It has shown multidrug resistance-modulating activities towards acute myeloid leukemia, multiple myeloma and ovarian cancer in phase I/II clinical trials. Phase III studies with respect to these three diseases are ongoing.
Out-of-Band Millimeter Wave Beamforming and Communications to Achieve Low Latency and High Energy Efficiency in 5G Systems (2017)

Communications in the millimeter wave (mmWave) band faces significant challenges due to variable channels, intermittent connectivity, and high energy usage. Moreover, speeds for electronic processing of data is of the same order as typical rates for mmWave interfaces, making the use of complex algorithms for tracking channel variations and adjusting resources impractical. In order to mitigate some of these challenges, we propose an architecture that integrates the sub-6 GHz and mmWave technologies. Our system exploits the spatial correlations between the sub-6 GHz and mmWave interfaces for beamforming and data transfer. Based on extensive experimentation in indoor and outdoor settings, we demonstrate that analog beamforming can be used in mmWave without incurring large overhead, thanks to the spatial correlations with sub-6 GHz. In addition, we incorporate the sub-6 GHz interface as a fallback (secondary) data transfer mechanism such that: 1) the negative effects of highly intermittent mmWave connectivity are mitigated and 2) the abundant mmWave capacity is fully exploited. To achieve these goals, we consider the problem of scheduling the arrival traffic over the mmWave or sub-6 GHz in order to maximize the mmWave throughput while delay (due to mmWave outages) is guaranteed to be bounded. We prove using subadditivity analysis that the optimal scheduling policy is based on a single threshold that can be easily adopted despite high link variations. Numerical results demonstrate that our scheduler provides a bounded mmWave delay performance, while it achieves a similar throughput performance as the throughput-optimal policies (e.g., MaxWeight).
Paracoccus zeaxanthinifaciens sp. nov., a zeaxanthin-producing bacterium (2003)

A comprehensive taxonomic re-evaluation was performed on the marine, zeaxanthin-producing bacterium formerly classified as [Favobacterium] sp. strain R-1 512 (ATCC 21588). This strain, together with two other previously described marine isolates, [Flavobacterium] strain R-1506 and Paracoccus sp. strain MBIC 3966, were found to comprise a new species of the genus Paracoccus. The name Paracoccus zeaxanthinifaciens sp. nov. is proposed, with ATCC 21588T (= R-1512T =LMG 21293T) designated as the type strain.
Reaction Sequence and Effects of Calcination and Sintering on Microwave Properties of (Ba,Sr)O‐Sm <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> ‐TiO <sub>2</sub> Ceramics (1990)

The reaction sequence of 0.15(Ba 0.95 Sr 0.05 )O· 0.15Sm 2 O 3 · 0.7TiO 2 ceramics during heating as well as the effects of calcination and sintering on microwave properties were investigated. Quantitative microscopic analysis was performed to obtain the volume fraction of the phases. It was found that the amount of second phase, especially TiO 2 (rutile), greatly affected the temperature coefficient of resonant frequency of the ceramics. The higher the amount of TiO 2 phase, the more positive or the less negative the temperature coefficient of resonant frequency. The temperature coefficient of BaO · Sm 2 O 3 · 5TiO 2 was calculated using the logarithmic mixing rule to be −30 ppm/°C. The volume fractions of the phases varied with conditions of calcination and sintering. Therefore, by varying calcination and/or sintering temperature, the temperature coefficient of resonant frequency could be adjusted to nearly zero.
EVEVis: A multi-scale visualization system for dense evolutionary data (2011)

Evolutionary simulations can produce datasets consisting of thousands or millions of separate entities, complete with their genealogical relationships. Biologists must examine this data to determine when and where these entities have changed, both on an individual basis and on a population-wide basis. Therefore, desirable features of a visualization system for evolutionary data are the capability of showing the status of the population at any given moment in time, good scalability, and smooth transition between high-level and low-level views. We propose a multi-scale visualization method, including a novel tree layout that both shows population status over time and can easily scale to very large populations. From this layout, the user can navigate to visualizations for moments in time or for individual entities. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the visualization on an existing evolutionary simulation called EVE: Evolution in Variable Environments.
Experimental Demonstration of Laser Oscillation without Population Inversion via Quantum Interference in Rb (1995)

Laser oscillation without population inversion is demonstrated experimentally in a V-type atomic configuration within the ${D}_{1}\mathrm{and}{D}_{2}$ lines of Rb vapor. It is shown that the effect is due to the atomic interference. The experimental results, as first predicted by careful theoretical analysis, are in a good agreement with detailed calculations.