gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fertilization and early embryology: Development of in-vitro-fertilized primate embryos into blastocysts in a chemically defined, protein-free culture medium (1996)

The formulation of chemically defined culture media that support primate embryo development would facilitate studies on primate preimplantation embryogenesis. The specific aims of this study were (i) to evaluate the development of the macaque embryos in a simple, chemically defined, protein-free medium developed for a rodent embryo model, and (ii) to determine if a two-step progressive culture system could enhance blastocyst development and zona escape. In experiment 1, in-vitro-fertilized pronucleate-stage embryos (n = 81) from nine monkeys were randomly allocated to one of three treatments: (a) hamster embryo culture medium-6 (HECM-6; chemically defined, protein-free medium), (b) CMRL-BCS medium (modified CMRL-1066 medium containing 20% bovine calf serum; BCS), and (c) a two-step culture procedure (HECM-6 through to the 8- to 12-cell stage, and CMRL-BCS medium beyond that stage). Optimal development was attained equally (P > or = 0.05) with embryos cultured in CMRL-BCS medium or the two-step procedure (48 and 61%), but not to the blastocysts respectively). HECM-6 alone supported development to the morula stage (72%) equally as well as CMRL-BCS medium (80%) or the two-step procedure (69%), but not to the blastocyst stage (22 versus 48 and 61% respectively). Hatching of the blastocysts was essentially limited to the serum-containing media (CMRL-BCS medium, 31%; two-step procedure, 44%). In experiment 2, in-vitro-fertilized pronucleate-stage embryos (n = 87) from nine monkeys were randomly placed in each of four two-step treatments: (a) HECM-6 through to the 8- to 12-cell stage and CMRL-BCS medium beyond that stage, (b) HECM-6 through the 8- to 12-cell stage and HECM-6-BCS beyond that stage, (c) HECM-6 through to the morula stage and CMRL-BCS medium beyond that stage, and (d) HECM-6 through to the morula stage and HECM-6-BCS beyond that stage. Greater (P < or = 0.05) percentages of embryos developed into blastocysts, expanded blastocysts and hatched blastocysts when switched at the 8- to 12-cell versus the morula stage in the second step medium. When transferred into BCS-containing medium at either the 8- to 12-cell or morula stage, embryos underwent blastulation and expansion equally well in CMRL-BCS medium versus HECM-6-BCS. However, when embryos were switched to the second step medium at the 8- to 12-cell stage, hatched blastocysts were obtained more (P < or = 0.05) frequently in CMRL-BCS medium (50.9%) than in HECM-6-BCS (37%). This work is the first to produce in-vitro-fertilized primate blastocysts cultured from the pronucleate stage in chemically defined, protein-free medium, and demonstrates that while primate embryos can form morulae in such a medium, their requirements for blastocoel formation and zona escape appear to be more demanding, and may be acquired as early as the 8-cell stage.
Anti-CD8 Monoclonal Antibody Therapy Is Effective in the Prevention and Treatment of Experimental Autoimmune Glomerulonephritis (2002)

Experimental autoimmune glomerulonephritis (EAG), which is an animal model of Goodpasture's disease, can be induced in Wistar Kyoto rats by a single injection of rat glomerular basement membrane (GBM) in adjuvant. EAG is characterized by circulating and deposited anti-GBM antibodies, focal necrotizing glomerulonephritis with crescent formation, and glomerular infiltration by T cells and macrophages. Our hypothesis was that T cell-mediated immunity, in addition to humoral immunity, was necessary for the development of crescentic nephritis in this model. To investigate the role of CD8+ T cells in the pathogenesis of EAG, the in vivo effects of an anti-CD8 monoclonal antibody (OX8) were examined, with administration starting at the time of immunization (prevention) or 2 wk after immunization, when glomerular abnormalities were first detected (treatment). When administered intraperitoneally at 5 mg/kg, three times per week, from week 0 to week 4 (prevention), OX8 completely inhibited the development of albuminuria, deposits of fibrin in the glomeruli, glomerular and interstitial abnormalities, the influx of CD8+ T cells and macrophages, and glomerular expression of granzyme B and inducible nitric oxide synthase. Circulating anti-GBM antibody levels were not reduced, but there was a reduction in the intensity of antibody deposition on the GBM. When administered at the same dose from week 2 to week 4 (treatment), OX8 greatly reduced the severity of EAG; in particular, the formation of crescents was prevented. These studies demonstrate that anti-CD8 monoclonal antibody therapy is effective in both the prevention and treatment of EAG. They confirm the importance of T cell-mediated immunity in the pathogenesis of this model of Goodpasture's disease. Similar therapeutic approaches may be worth investigating in human crescentic glomerulonephritis.
Antiangiogenic properties of selected ruthenium(III) complexes that are nitric oxide scavengers (2003)

The nitric oxide synthase (NOS) pathway has been clearly demonstrated to regulate angiogenesis. Increased levels of NO correlate with tumour growth and spreading in different experimental and human cancers. Drugs interfering with the NOS pathway may be useful in angiogenesis-dependent tumours. The aim of this study was to pharmacologically characterise certain ruthenium-based compounds, namely NAMI-A, KP1339, and RuEDTA, as potential NO scavengers to be used as antiangiogenic/antitumour agents. NAMI-A, KP1339 and RuEDTA were able to bind tightly and inactivate free NO in solution. Formation of ruthenium-NO adducts was documented by electronic absorption, FT-IR spectroscopy and (1)H-NMR. Pretreatment of rabbit aorta rings with NAMI-A, KP1339 or RuEDTA reduced endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation elicited by acetylcholine. This effect was reversed by 8-Br-cGMP. The key steps of angiogenesis, endothelial cell proliferation and migration stimulated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or NO donor drugs, were blocked by NAMI-A, KP1339 and RuEDTA, these compounds being devoid of any cytotoxic activity. When tested in vivo, NAMI-A inhibited angiogenesis induced by VEGF. It is likely that the antitumour properties previously observed for ruthenium-based NO scavengers, such as NAMI-A, are related to their NO-related antiangiogenic properties.
Product distributions and rate constants for the reactions of CH3+, CH4+, C2H2+, C2H3+, C2H4+, C2H5+, and C2H6+ ions with CH4, C2H2, C2H4, and C2H6 (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProduct distributions and rate constants for the reactions of CH3+, CH4+, C2H2+, C2H3+, C2H4+, C2H5+, and C2H6+ ions with CH4, C2H2, C2H4, and C2H6J. K. Kim, V. G. Anicich, and W. T. Huntress Jr.Cite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1977, 81, 19, 1798–1805Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100534a002https://doi.org/10.1021/j100534a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views240Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
The glutamine residues reactive in transglutaminase-catalyzed cross-linking of involucrin. (1988)

The protein involucrin, synthesized by human keratinocytes, contains 585 amino acids, largely in the form of 10 amino acid repeats, each containing glutamines in 3 conserved positions. Involucrin is a substrate for the keratinocyte transglutaminase and is labeled by the cosubstrate amine, glycine ethyl ester. Study of tryptic peptides of involucrin shows that a single glutamine (residue 496), located 89 residues from the C-terminal end, is preferentially labeled by the enzyme. Additional glutamine residues become reactive when the molecule is fragmented. The C-terminal end, isolated as a cyanogen bromide fragment of 275 residues, is labeled equally at 2 glutamine residues. The polypeptide containing residues 148 to 280 accepts practically no amine while in intact involucrin but as a free fragment is labeled at multiple glutamine residues. It is concluded that the C-terminal and N-terminal ends of the protein are directive influences in that they suppress the reactivity of a number of glutamine residues in the intact molecule, leaving one glutamine highly preferred by the transglutaminase.
Clinical utility of the neutrophil elastase inhibitor sivelestat for the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome (2014)

Acute respiratory distress syndrome is a serious condition that can arise following direct or indirect lung injury. It is heterogeneous and has a high mortality rate. Supportive care is the mainstay of treatment and there is no definitive pharmacological treatment as yet. Sivelestat is a neutrophil elastase inhibitor approved in Japan and the Republic of Korea for acute lung injury, including acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome. The aim of this review is to examine the clinical utility of sivelestat in different disease states, using data from nonclinical and clinical studies. In nonclinical studies, sivelestat appears to show benefit in acute lung injury without inhibiting the host immune defense in cases of infection. Clinical studies do not yet provide a clear consensus. Phase III and IV Japanese studies have shown improvements in pulmonary function, length of intensive care unit stay, and mechanical ventilation, but a non-Japanese multicenter study did not demonstrate sivelestat to have an effect on ventilator-free days or 28-day all-cause mortality. Evidence of improvement in various parameters, including duration of stay in intensive care, mechanical ventilation, the ratio of partial pressure of arterial oxygen and fraction of inspired oxygen (PaO2/FIO2 ratio) ratio, and lung injury scores, has been shown in patients with sepsis or gastric aspiration, and following the surgical treatment of esophageal cancer. To date, there are no particular concerns regarding adverse events, and the available data do not suggest that sivelestat might worsen infections. One study has analyzed cost-effectiveness, finding that sivelestat may reduce costs compared with standard care. The currently available evidence suggests that sivelestat may show some benefit in the treatment of acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome, although large, randomized controlled trials are needed in specific pathophysiological conditions to explore these potential benefits.
Optical duobinary transmission system featuring improved receiver sensitivity and reduced optical bandwidth (2002)

We propose and demonstrate a simple method to improve both the receiver sensitivity and spectral efficiency of the optical duobinary transmission system. Compared to the conventional duobinary signal generated by using an electrical low-pass filter, more than 1-dB improvement of receiver sensitivity and /spl sim/20% reduction in the spectral width are achieved simply by filtering the 10-Gb/s duobinary signals with a narrow-bandwidth (7 GHz) optical filter.
Tri-Axial Accelerometry and Heart Rate Telemetry: Relation and Agreement With Behavioral Observation in Elementary Physical Education (2005)

(2005). Tri-Axial Accelerometry and Heart Rate Telemetry: Relation and Agreement With Behavioral Observation in Elementary Physical Education. Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science: Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 203-218.
Gate-voltage-dependent effective channel length and series resistance of LDD MOSFET's (1987)

A measurement algorithm to extract the effective channel length and source-drain series resistance of MOSFET's is presented. This extraction algorithm is applicable to both conventional and LDD MOSFET's. It is shown that the effective channel length and the source-drain series resistance of an LDD device are gate-voltage dependent. The effective channel length of an LDD device is not necessarily the metallurgical junction separation between the source and drain as it is commonly seen in a conventional device. A more generalized interpretation of effective channel length is introduced to understand the physical meaning of this gate-voltage dependence. The result also indicates that the effective channel length and source-drain resistance are two inseparable device parameters regardless of LDD or conventional FET's.
Detection of Intracellular Bacteria in the Buds of Scotch Pine ( <i>Pinus sylvestris</i> L.) by In Situ Hybridization (2000)

Bacterial isolates were obtained from pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) tissue cultures and identified as Methylobacterium extorquens and Pseudomonas synxantha. The existence of bacteria in pine buds was investigated by 16S rRNA in situ hybridization. Bacteria inhabited the buds of every tree examined, primarily colonizing the cells of scale primordia and resin ducts.
Options, futures & other derivatives (2003)

1. Introduction. 2. Futures Markets and the Use of Futures for Hedging. 3. Forward and Futures Prices. 4. Interest Rates and Duration. 5. Swaps. 6. Options Markets. 7. Properties of Stock Option Prices. 8. Trading Strategies Involving Options. 9. Introduction to Binomial Trees. 10. Model of the Behavior of Stock Prices. 11. The Black-Scholes Model. 12. Options on Stock Indices, Currencies, and Futures. 13. The Greek Letters. 14. Value at Risk. 15. Estimating Volatilities and Correlations. 16. Numerical Procedures. 17. Volatility Smiles and Alternatives to Black-Scholes. 18. Exotic Options. 19. Extensions of the Theoretical Framework for Pricing Derivatives: Martingales and Measures. 20. Interest Rate Derivatives: The Standard Market Models. 21. Interest Rate Derivatives: Models of the Short Rate. 22. Interest Rate Derivatives: More Advanced Models. 23. Credit Risk.
Empiric Validation of Simulation Models for Estimating Glucose Meter Performance Criteria for Moderate Levels of Glycemic Control (2013)

Both simulation models and empiric data demonstrate that glucose meters that perform at ≥20% TEa allow large insulin dosing errors during a moderate glycemic control protocol.
Comparative study of CdTe sources used for deposition of CdTe thin films by close spaced sublimation technique (2006)

Unlike other thin film deposition techniques, close spaced sublimation (CSS) requires a short source-substrate distance. The kind of source used in this technique strongly affects the control of the deposition parameters, especially the deposition rate. When depositing CdTe thin films by CSS, the most common CdTe sources are: single-crystal or polycrystalline wafers, powders, pellets or pieces, a thick CdTe film deposited onto glass or molybdenum substrate (CdTe source-plate) and a sintered CdTe powder. In this work, CdTe thin films were deposited by CSS technique from different CdTe sources: particles, powder, compact powder, a paste made of CdTe and propylene glycol and source-plates (CdTe/Mo and CdTe/glass). The largest deposition rate was achieved when a paste made of CdTe and propylene glycol was used as the source. CdTe source-plates led to lower rates, probably due to the poor heat transmission, caused by the introduction of the plate substrate. The results also showed that compacting the powder the deposition rate increases due to the better thermal contact between powder particles.
Transition State Analysis for Human and <i>Plasmodium</i> <i>falciparum</i> Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylases (2004)

Recent studies have shown that Plasmodium falciparum is sensitive to a purine salvage block at purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) and that human PNP is a target for T-cell proliferative diseases. Specific tight-binding inhibitors might be designed on the basis of specific PNP transition state structures. Kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) were measured for arsenolysis of inosine catalyzed by P. falciparum and human purine nucleoside phosphorylases. Intrinsic KIEs from [1'-(3)H]-, [2'-(3)H]-, [1'-(14)C]-, [9-(15)N]-, and [5'-(3)H]inosines were 1.184 +/- 0.004, 1.031 +/- 0.004, 1.002 +/- 0.006, 1.029 +/- 0.006, and 1.062 +/- 0.002 for the human enzyme and 1.116 +/- 0.007, 1.036 +/- 0.003, 0.996 +/- 0.006, 1.019 +/- 0.005, and 1.064 +/- 0.003 for P. falciparum PNPs, respectively. Analysis of KIEs indicated a highly dissociative D(N)A(N) (S(N)1) stepwise mechanism with very little leaving group involvement. The near-unity 1'-(14)C KIEs for both human and P. falciparum PNP agree with the theoretical value for a 1'-(14)C equilibrium isotope effect for oxacarbenium ion formation when computed at the B1LYP/6-31G(d) level of theory. The 9-(15)N KIE for human PNP is also in agreement with theory for equilibrium formation of hypoxanthine and oxacarbenium ion at this level of theory. The 9-(15)N KIE for P. falciparum PNP shows a constrained vibrational environment around N9 at the transition state. A relatively small beta-secondary 2'-(3)H KIE for both enzymes indicates a 3'-endo conformation for ribose and relatively weak hyperconjugation at the transition state. The large 5'-(3)H KIE reveals substantial distortion at the 5'-hydroxymethyl group which causes loosening of the C5'-H5' bonds during the reaction coordinate.
Light-duty diesel engine modelling with integrated detailed chemistry in 3-D CFD study (2009)

This piece of work seeks to address issues related to combustion of diesel fuel in light-duty engines, with an emphasis on bridging detailed chemical kinetics mechanism and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Numerical computation was undertaken by means of integrating CHEMKIN and FLUENT software. The computational effort was focused onto the Laminar Finite Rate model, incorporating a surrogate diesel fuel mechanism. Resulting effect on the formation of nitrogen oxides (NO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> ) and soot, and computational expenses-related issues are of particular interest. Three dimensional simulations were deployed and the results generated were compared against experimental output. Current 3-D simulations attained showed predictive capabilities.
Efficient Elliptic Curve Processor Architectures for Field Programmable Logic (2002)

Elliptic curve cryptosystems offer security comparable to that of traditional asymmetric cryptosystems, such as those based on the RSA encryption and digital signature algorithms, with smaller keys and computationally more efficient algorithms. The ability to use smaller keys and computationally more efficient algorithms than traditional asymmetric cryptographic algorithms are two of the main reasons why elliptic curve cryptography has become popular. As the popularity of elliptic curve cryptography increases, the need for efficient hardware solutions that accelerate the computation of elliptic curve point multiplications also increases. This dissertation introduces elliptic curve processor architectures suitable for the computation of point multiplications for curves defined over fields GF(2^m) and curves defined over fields GF(p). Each of the processor architectures presented here allows designers to tailor the performance and hardware requirements according to their performance and cost goals. Moreover, these architectures are well suited for implementation in modern field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). This point was proved with prototyped implementations. The fastest prototyped GF(2^m) processor can compute an arbitrary point multiplication for curves defined over fields GF(2^167) in 0.21 milliseconds and the prototyped processor for the field GF(2^192-2^64-1) is capable of computing a point multiplication in about 3.6 milliseconds. The most critical component of an elliptic curve processor is its arithmetic unit. A typical arithmetic unit includes an adder/subtractor, a multiplier, and possibly a squarer. Some of the architectures presented in this work are based on multiplier and squarer architectures developed as part of the work presented in this dissertation. The GF(2^m) least significant bit super-serial multiplier architecture, the GF(2^m) most significant bit super-serial multiplier architecture, and a new GF(p) Montgomery multiplier architecture were developed as part of this work together with a new squaring architecture for GF(2^m).
One for all – all for one: unifying standard differential power analysis attacks (2011)

In this study, the authors examine the relationship between and the efficiency of different approaches to standard (univariate) differential power analysis (DPA) attacks. The authors first show that, when fed with the same assumptions about the target device (i.e. with the same leakage model), the most popular approaches such as using a distance-of-means test, correlation analysis and Bayes attacks are essentially equivalent in this setting. Differences observed in practice are not because of differences in the statistical tests but because of statistical artefacts. Then, the authors establish a link between the correlation coefficient and the conditional entropy in side-channel attacks. In a first-order attack scenario, this relationship allows linking currently used metrics to evaluate standard DPA attacks (such as the number of power traces needed to perform a key recovery) with an information theoretic metric (the mutual information). The authors results show that in the practical scenario defined formally in this study, both measures are equally suitable to compare devices with respect to their susceptibility to DPA attacks. Together with observations regarding key and algorithm independence the authors consequently extend theoretical strategies for the sound evaluation of leaking devices towards the practice of side-channel attacks.
Automated mapping for underground pipelines: An overview (2014)

Autonomous robot platform for pipeline inspection is a preferred alternative to efficiently monitor pipeline condition. A large number of research in the area of inspection robot focuses on corrosion detection and navigation. There is however a smaller number of researchers that investigates mapping and detection of underground and buried pipeline network/routes. This paper presents an overview of research in the area of automated mapping of underground pipelines. There is a need to map underground pipelines due to non-availability of maps and network diagrams of existing pipelines caused by poor documentation management and poor updating of documentation whenever piping rerouting occurs. An accurate map also could be used by an autonomous inspection robot for navigation and localization. An autonomous inspection robot that can accurately detect pipelines could then be used to detect misalignment and deformities of pipeline structures and network. This investigation indicates that to design an automated mapping system for underground pipelines, researchers must consider the type of sensors that can be used underground and in a metal environment. The investigation also points out the need for the implementation of Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) algorithm and the right map representation such as occupancy grid map to map the pipelines route as it could produce a more accurate map with preferred type of sensors.