gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A graphical programming environment for simulation of control and signal processing systems (2003)

The authors have developed a graphical programming library for control and signal processing applications. The library covers a wide range starting from basic primitives such as simple arithmetic and Boolean functions to complicated units like generalized neural networks. The user gets access to these units in the form of icons. By making connections to and from these icons, a user generates different block diagrams, which are the programs in the graphical environment. The library is described from the user's point of view. Different features of the graphical programming environment and the library are discussed. The use of the library is illustrated with a simple graphical programming example. Some of the implementation details are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Isolation of Amentoflavone from Selaginella rupestris and its Pharmacological Activity on Central Nervous System, Smooth Muscles and Isolated Frog Heart Preparations (1981)

Amentoflavone has been isolated from the leaves of Selaginella rupestris SPRING (Selaginellacae). This biflavonoid was tested for its activity on central nervous system, smooth muscles and isolated frog heart preparations. It was observed that amentoflavone did not have any effect on central nervous system of rats and mice, but it had antispasmodic effect on isolated guinea pig ileum.
Catalytic Reactor Design (2024)

This chapter navigates the intricacies of catalytic reactor design, synthesizing essential concepts in reaction kinetics, diffusion dynamics, and catalyst efficiency. Tailored for professionals and researchers in chemical engineering, the content delves into fundamental principles governing catalytic processes. From understanding controlling steps and gas-to-surface diffusion to optimizing catalyst efficiency for internal diffusion, readers gain insights into designing reactors for enhanced performance. Additionally, the chapter addresses the calculation of conversion, providing practical methods to assess and optimize reaction efficiency. Bridging theoretical foundations with practical applications, this chapter serves as a pivotal guide for developing efficient catalytic reactors, offering a comprehensive framework to address challenges and achieve optimal results in diverse industrial applications.
Electrochemical quantum tunneling for electronic detection and characterization of biological toxins (2012)

This paper introduces a label-free, electronic biomolecular sensing platform for the detection and characterization of trace amounts of biological toxins within a complex background matrix. The mechanism for signal transduction is the electrostatic coupling of molecule bond vibrations to charge transport across an insulated electrode-electrolyte interface. The current resulting from the interface charge flow has long been regarded as an experimental artifact of little interest in the development of traditional charge based biosensors like the ISFET, and has been referred to in the literature as a "leakage current". However, we demonstrate by experimental measurements and theoretical modeling that this current has a component that arises from the rate-limiting transition of a quantum mechanical electronic relaxation event, wherein the electronic tunneling process between a hydrated proton in the electrolyte and the metallic electrode is closely coupled to the bond vibrations of molecular species in the electrolyte. Different strategies to minimize the effect of quantum decoherence in the quantized exchange of energy between the molecular vibrations and electron energy will be discussed, as well as the experimental implications of such strategies. Since the mechanism for the transduction of chemical information is purely electronic and does not require labels or tags or optical transduction, the proposed platform is scalable. Furthermore, it can achieve the chemical specificity typically associated with traditional micro-array or mass spectrometry-based platforms that are used currently to analyze complex biological fluids for trace levels of toxins or pathogen markers.
VIBRATIONAL DISEQUILIBRIUM IN REACTIONS BETWEEN ATOMS AND MOLECULES (1960)

Observations on the production of vibrationally excited oxygen molecules in the flash photolysis of nitrogen peroxide and of ozone have extended previous work on these systems. In the case of nitrogen peroxide it has been shown that oxygen molecules possessing the entire exothermicity of the reaction in the form of vibrational energy are produced. A new class of reactions is reported in which vibrationally excited hydroxyl radicals are produced under isothermal conditions by the reaction O( 1 D) + RH → OH* + R, in which the energy for excitation is contributed by the electronic energy of the oxygen atom.These and other cases of non-equilibrated energy distributions in reaction products and theories accounting for this phenomenon are reviewed.
A New Surface Integral Formulation For Wideband Impedance Extraction of 3-D Structures (2003)

Detailed electromagnetic analysis of three-dimensional structures in multi-layered dielectric media is critical for automatic generation of equivalent circuit models for the interconnects and packages in RF or mixed signal integrated circuits. In this paper we present a new wideband surface integral formulation that can be readily combined with the well-established layered Green's function techniques. In discretizing the formulation, we have used the well-known RWG linear basis function to reduce the number of unknowns. Using a so-called loop-star basis transformation and the frequency normalization, the accuracy at low frequencies has been improved substantially. Several numerical examples are used to validate the accuracy and robustness of this new formulation.
Inhibitors of Microsomal Prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> Synthase‐1 Enzyme as Emerging Anti‐Inflammatory Candidates (2014)

Cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2) catalyze the conversion of arachidonic acid (AA) into PGH2 that is further metabolized by terminal prostaglandin (PG) synthases into biologically active PGs, for example, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), prostacyclin I2 (PGI2), thromboxane A2 (TXA2), prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), and prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2α). Among them, PGE2 is a widely distributed PG in the human body, and an important mediator of inflammatory processes. The successful modulation of this PG provides a beneficial strategy for the potential anti-inflammatory therapy. For instance, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs), both classical nonselective (cNSAIDs) and the selective COX-2 inhibitors (coxibs) attenuate the generation of PGH2 from AA that in turn reduces the synthesis of PGE2 and modifies the inflammatory conditions. However, the long-term use of these agents causes severe side effects due to the nonselective inhibition of other PGs, such as PGI2 and TXA2, etc. Microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase-1 (mPGES-1), a downstream PG synthase, specifically catalyzes the biosynthesis of COX-2-derived PGE2 from PGH2, and describes itself as a valuable therapeutic target for the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory disease conditions. Therefore, the small molecule inhibitors of mPGES-1 would serve as a beneficial anti-inflammatory therapy, with reduced side effects that are usually associated with the nonselective inhibition of PG biosynthesis.
Noisy Distance Measurements Using 3-D Localization with Rb-Rf Methods (2014)

Wireless sensor networks are dynamically formed over the varying topologies. Wireless sensor networks can assist in conducting the rescue operations and can provide search in timely manner. Long time monitoring applications are environment monitoring, security surveillance and habitat monitoring. Further, where it can be deployed in time critical situations when disaster happens. As we are dealing with the human lives here, we can not just rely on the localization schemes that depend upon the connectivity information Rf i.e. range-free algorithms only. Further, rescue operations are carried out in highly noisy environments, so distance based Rb(range-based) localization algorithms generate high error in distance measurements. An efficient algorithm is needed that can measure the location of the sensor nodes near to the living being or being attached to them in 3-D space with a high accuracy. To achieve such kind of accuracy a combination of both the strategies is required. The proposed method which incorporates both the Rb(range-based)&amp;Rfrange-free strategies that successfully localizes nodes in a sensor network with noisy distance measurements. We also have depicted the effect of scalability on the performance of the algorithm. Results show that as the scalability of the network increases with the number of beacon nodes; the performance of the algorithm goes high above 90 percent . The granularity of the areas estimated may be easily adjusted by changing the system parameters which makes the proposed algorithm flexible.
Viscoelastic Finite-Difference Modeling of Shallow Seismic Data: Formation of Near-Surface Waveguides (1995)

Waveguides are formed in grossly layered media bounded by strong physical property contrasts. In ocean acoustics, the formation of shallow water waveguides is known to have a significant impact on wave propagation (Brekhovskikh and Lysanov, 1991). We suggest that similar waveguides may exist near the solid earth&apos;s surface and investigate the effects of such waveguides on high-resolution shallow seismic data.
H+-type and OH−-type biological protonic semiconductors and complementary devices (2013)

Proton conduction is essential in biological systems. Oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria, proton pumping in bacteriorhodopsin, and uncoupling membrane potentials by the antibiotic Gramicidin are examples. In these systems, H(+) hop along chains of hydrogen bonds between water molecules and hydrophilic residues - proton wires. These wires also support the transport of OH(-) as proton holes. Discriminating between H(+) and OH(-) transport has been elusive. Here, H(+) and OH(-) transport is achieved in polysaccharide- based proton wires and devices. A H(+)- OH(-) junction with rectifying behaviour and H(+)-type and OH(-)-type complementary field effect transistors are demonstrated. We describe these devices with a model that relates H(+) and OH(-) to electron and hole transport in semiconductors. In turn, the model developed for these devices may provide additional insights into proton conduction in biological systems.
Closed-Loop Adaptive Supply Voltage Scaling Controller for Low-Power Embedded Processors (2006)

This paper describes a hardware controller that reduces active power consumption in standard cell ASICs by adaptively adjusting the supply voltage to varying performance requirements. The hardware controller is embedded on the same die as the application ASIC. It consists of a hardware performance monitor, control logic and a serial interface logic. These functions combine to form a closed-loop that regulates the speed of the application. The proposed scheme has been implemented in a video processor designed in a 0.18 /spl mu/m standard CMOS process. Experimental results demonstrate operation over a wide frequency range of 6 MHz to 48 MHz and up to 60% power savings when compared to an open-loop scheme.
First-principles calculations of atomic and electronic structure of the GaAs(110) surface (1988)

The (110) surface of GaAs is studied using self-consistent density-functional calculations implemented with soft ab initio pseudopotentials. The calculated atomic structure and relaxation energy of GaAs(110) surfaces are in good agreement with previous theoretical calculations and with measurements by low-energy electron diffraction. In addition, we have calculated the cleavage energy for this surface. We find a value of 1.22 eV per surface unit cell, which agrees nearly exactly with the experimentally measured energy of 1.21 eV per surface unit cell. To our knowledge this is the first comparison of density-functional calculations with experiment for the cleavage energy of any heteropolar semiconductor surface. We have also calculated the photoelectric threshold to be 4.94 eV, compared to the experimental values of 5.15--5.75 eV.
PHOTOREACTIVITY ADJUSTMENT OF ACRYLIC PSA (2007)

Abstract. This article describes the methods of photoreactivity adjustment of diverse kinds of acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives. The need to replace solvent containing systems, which still have maintained a large market share in various areas, results in a further push of innovations in the development of photoreactive hot melt an the low viscosity systems acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives. As oppose to the classical solvent containing or to the aqueous systems, the photoreactive hot melt or low viscosity systems provides the following advantages as reduction of environmental impacts to a minimum, saving of energy costs, no drying channel, high coating speed, and production possibility of thick self-adhesive product carrier-free tapes. From the photoreactivity adjustment of acrylic PSAs, the results according to their main performances as tack, adhesion and cohesion were observed for main chain modification using copolymerizable unsaturated photoinitiators. Photoreactivity adjustment of acrylic PSAs through the side chain modification using additionable photoinitiators is technical very complicated, because so much photoinitiators are not available on the market. Normally vinylation of polymer chain demands the addition of conventional unsaturated photoinitiators with high migration rate of toxic photolytic substances after UV-crosslinking. In this case the amelioration of important PSA properties is very doubtful. 1.
Data Paladin - An Application Independent Rights Management System (2008)

Stony Brook University Libraries.\nSBU Graduate School in Computer Science.\nLawrence Martin (Dean of Graduate School), Professor Tzi-cker Chiueh - Thesis Advisor\nDepartment of Computer Science, Professor Scott Stoller – Chairperson of Defense\nDepartment of Computer Science.
A new small drill hole minipermeameter probe for in situ permeability measurement: Fluid mechanics and geometrical factors (2003)

Considerable heterogeneity is evident when permeability measurements are made on small scales, either in the field or in the laboratory on field samples. Small‐scale permeability measurements have commonly been made by inducing multidimensional gas flow through a sample with various configurations of the conventional surface‐sealing gas minipermeameter. In order to reduce weathering and seal‐quality problems, a new minipermeameter probe was designed for field application within small diameter holes drilled into an outcrop. We briefly describe the small drill hole minipermeameter, while developing in detail the associated data analysis methodology for performing in situ permeability measurements with this new probe. Analysis of field data, which consists of gas injection pressure and mass flow rate, is based on a numerical solution in cylindrical coordinates of the ideal gas flow equation, assuming homogeneous and isotropic conditions over the averaging volume of the measurements. In the following development the semianalytical inverse solution for permeability will be derived for the new small drill hole minipermeameter probe, which varies from that of the conventional surface‐sealing minipermeameter probe only in the choice of the appropriate characteristic length and in the magnitude of the associated geometrical factor.
Damage of photoreceptor-derived cells in culture induced by light emitting diode-derived blue light (2014)

Our eyes are increasingly exposed to light from the emitting diode (LED) light of video display terminals (VDT) which contain much blue light. VDTs are equipped with televisions, personal computers, and smart phones. The present study aims to clarify the mechanism underlying blue LED light-induced photoreceptor cell damage. Murine cone photoreceptor-derived cells (661 W) were exposed to blue, white, or green LED light (0.38 mW/cm(2)). In the present study, blue LED light increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, altered the protein expression level, induced the aggregation of short-wavelength opsins (S-opsin), resulting in severe cell damage. While, blue LED light damaged the primary retinal cells and the damage was photoreceptor specific. N-Acetylcysteine (NAC), an antioxidant, protected against the cellular damage induced by blue LED light. Overall, the LED light induced cell damage was wavelength-, but not energy-dependent and may cause more severe retinal photoreceptor cell damage than the other LED light.
A 2048-element contact-type linear image sensor for facsimile (1981)

In order to realize more compact facsimile equipment, a contact type linear image sensor has been developed. The imager has the same length as the document width and does not require an optical lens system, as the imager virtually contacts the document. A new fabrication process, which combines CdS chemical bath deposition and CdSe vapor deposition, is adopted for photoconductive thin film. The process condition for CdS-CdSe mixing ratio is established to most suitably satisfy facsimile application characteristics, such as spectral response and photo response speed. By paying particular consideration to such structure design as the sensing aperture and scanning circuit, trial 2048-element, 256 mm long imager was successfully fabricated. Evaluation of the trially fabricated imager and its photo-electric conversion unit showed excellent operational properties and utilization for facsimile equipment.
Pulmonary Fibrosis in Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome (2006)

Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a rare heterogeneously inherited autosomal recessive group of disorders presenting with oculocutaneous albinism, bleeding diathesis and pulmonary disease. HPS is thought to occur as a consequence of disturbed formation or trafficking of intracellular vesicles, most importantly, melanosomes, platelet dense granules and lysosomes. The latter finding, in particular, contributes much to the morbidity associated with the disease, as ceroid lipofuscin deposits in lysosomes affect many organ systems. This is especially problematic in the lungs where it is often associated with pulmonary fibrosis and premature death. Currently, there are 7 known HPS genes in humans. In the mouse, at least 16 known HPS genes produce HPS-mutant phenotypes. The HPS gene mutation is considered to be one of the most prevalent single-gene disorders in northwest Puerto Rico, home to the largest cohort of known patients. In HPS, interventions addressing the bleeding diathesis and pulmonary fibrosis are often disappointingly ineffectual. Pirfenidone, a novel compound with documented anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antifibrotic effects, appears to hold promise in delaying or preventing fibrosis. To date, there has been one successful lung transplant performed on a patient with HPS. We present a patient with HPS and review the current literature on our understanding of this rare disorder.
Mechanical properties of silane‐treated silica particle‐filled polyisoprene composites: Influence of the alkoxy group mixing ratio in silane coupling agent containing mercapto group (2012)

Abstract Spherical silica particles were treated with a mixture of silane coupling agents with mercapto functional groups and dialkoxy or trialkoxy groups. The surface coverage, which indicates the number of layers covering the silica surface, was in the range from 1.6 to 6.0. The molecular mobility of the treated layer was analyzed with 1 H‐NMR spectroscopy. The silane chain became more flexible with increasing dialkoxy structures in the mixture and with increasing surface coverage. The stress–strain behavior was measured for a composite consisting of the treated silica and vulcanized polyisoprene rubber (PIR). There was no influence of the dialkoxy and trialkoxy mixing ratio for near monolayer coverage. In the case of the pure dialkoxy and low trialkoxy contents, a higher stress was observed at the same strain for surface coverages of 2.4–3.8. However, a longer length flexible silane chain, that is, with a surface coverage of 6.0, was disadvantageous for the reinforcement effect. The results of pulse NMR analysis of the unextracted PIR on the particle surface and swelling test indicate that the reinforcement effect was strongly affected both by entanglement and the crosslinking reaction between the silane chain and PIR at the interfacial region. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
A Plugin for HDF5 Using PLFS for Improved I/O Performance and Semantic Analysis (2012)

HDF5 is a data model, library and file format for storing and managing data. It is designed for flexible and efficient I/O for high volume and complex data. Natively, it uses a single-file format where multiple HDF5 objects are stored in a single file. In a parallel HDF5 application, multiple processes access a single file, thereby resulting in a performance bottleneck in I/O. Additionally, a single-file format does not allow semantic post processing on individual objects outside the scope of the HDF5 application. We have developed a new plugin for HDF5 using its Virtual Object Layer that serves two purposes: 1) it uses PLFS to convert the single-file layout into a data layout that is optimized for the underlying file system, and 2) it stores data in a unique way that enables semantic post-processing on data. We measure the performance of the plugin and discuss work leveraging the new semantic post-processing functionality enabled. We further discuss the applicability of this approach for exascale burst buffer storage systems.
A multi-agent system of evidential reasoning for intelligence analyses (2007)

This paper describes a Multi-Agent System intended for assisting military commanders and intelligence analysts in the discovery and analysis of publicly available information that may have intelligence value (Open Source Intelligence, or OSINT). Our system is called Webster, which is a pun on the well-known dictionary and the World Wide Web. An innovative feature of Webster is the trust network that allows for the hierarchical integration of judgements provided by both human and computer agents, and the ability to extend the system by adding new agents that encapsulate a given characterization capability - such as the ability to provide a level of facial recognition on images that may be embedded in web pages. A key challenge is in creating a normalized concept structure or belief frame that all participating agents, at a certain level, can use to focus their analysis and render opinions that can be meaningfully combined with the opinions of other entities in the system. Webster can scale from a single machine to a large interconnection of subject matter experts and special-purpose computer systems by providing proxy agents that act as intermediaries in the system.
A Comparative Study of Selected Classification Accuracy in User Profiling (2008)

In recent years the used of personalization in service provisioning applications has been very popular. However, effective personalization cannot be achieved without accurate user profiles. A number of classification algorithms have been used to classify user related information to create accurate user profiles. In this study four different classification algorithms which are; naive Bayesian (NB), Bayesian Networks (BN), lazy learning of Bayesian rules (LBR) and instance-based learner (IB1) are compared using a set of user profile data. According to our simulation results NB and IB1 classifiers have the highest classification accuracy with the lowest error rate.