gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Iterative, stereoselective homologation of chiral polyalkoxy aldehydes employing 2-(trimethylsilyl)thiazole as a formyl anion equivalent. The thiazole route to higher carbohydrates (1989)

A new approach to long-chain sugars is demonstrated by the stereoselective conversion of D-glyceraldehyde acetonide (2a), L-threose acetonide (2b), and dialdogalactopyranose diacetonide (2h) into higher homologues up to C9, C7, and C10terms, respectively, and with an all-anti configuration of vicinal hydroxy groups in the constructed chain. The methodology consists of the iterative repetition of a linear one-carbon chain extension that involves two very efficient (chemically and stereochemically) key operations: (A) the anti diastereoselective addition of 2-(trimethylsilyl)thiazole (la) to the chiral alkoxy aldehyde; the unmasking of the formyl group from the thiazole ring in the resulting adduct. The conversion of thiazole D-ribose 9a into protected 2-deoxy-and 2,5-dideoxy-D-ribose (28 and 30) demonstrates the synthetic potential of thiazole masked sugars. © 1989, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
Early Software Defects Prediction Using Fuzzy Logic (2012)

This paper presents a model to predict the number of residual defects before testing phase.The developers need this information a priori for optimal testing resource planning and quality assessment of the software being developed.In the early stages of software development life cycle (SDLC), software residual defects are affected by both product and process characteristics of the project.These product and process characteristics are embedded in software metrics which have subjective assessments in the early stages of SDLC.Therefore, software metrics are considered for developing the model for early software defects prediction.This paper uses the software size metric and three metrics of requirement analysis phase for predicting the residual defects that are likely to be found during testing or operational usage using fuzzy logic.The predictive capability of the proposed approach is examined using qualitative data of requirement metrics of twenty real software projects and results are compared with the existing model.
Evaluation of Distributed Inorganic Electroluminescence (EL) Devices with Comb Electrodes (2013)

Distributed inorganic electroluminescence (EL) devices comprise a metal electrode, and can be fabricated at a low cost using coating processes. In this study, we deposited comb electrodes with narrow gaps between the teeth on a glass substrate, thus realizing a high electric field intensity that cannot be achieved with conventional structures. Au electrodes are deposited to form a comb shape and then spin-coated with a phosphor layer obtained by mixing ZnS phosphor particles with resins at a certain ratio. An AC voltage was applied to the gaps between the teeth of the comb electrode to emit light, from which the luminance was measured for different electric field intensities. The luminances measured from the glass substrate side (the bottom of the device) were low for a device with a Au comb electrodes (Au electrodes) when the electric field intensity was 15 V/μm. However, the luminances measured from the phosphor layer side (the top of the device) for the device with the Au electrodes were high. In contrast, the luminance measured from the phosphor layer side for the device with the Au electrodes 1.5-fold higher than that measured from the glass substrate side. This was because the luminance was not affected by the transmittance of the electrodes themselves when measured from the phosphor layer side. Therefore, it may be possible to produce a display that does not require transparent electrodes by using the phosphor layer side of a device with comb electrodes made of metals, such as Au, for the front side of the display.
&lt;title&gt;Effects of nonlinear parameters in feedback joint transform correlator (I)&lt;/title&gt; (1993)

We report that nonlinear parameters effect the characteristics of the optical pattern recognition of a feedback joint transform correlator (FJTC) which is based on a joint transform correlator (JTC). This system incorporates the optically addressed ferroelectric liquid crystal spatial light modulator named LAPS-SLM. Nonlinear parameters in the FJTC are a threshold level of the LAPS-SLM to record the binary joint power spectrum (JPS), and a feedback transfer function from the correlation plane to the input plane. It is important to control the threshold level of the binary JPS. But the FJTC does not always need the optimum condition where the FJTC recognizes the signal image correctly at the initial recognition.
Improving congestion control performance through loss differentiation (2003)

Linear increase/multiplicative decrease (LIMD) has typically been the congestion control paradigm of choice in the Internet. However, a major drawback of LIMD is that it reacts identically (and aggressively) to all packet losses, irrespective of the cause of loss. In this paper, we try to augment the basic LIMD congestion control with additional mechanisms to predict the cause of packet losses and react accordingly. To this end, we present the LIMD/H algorithm, which has the following features: (a) LIMD/H uses the "history" of packet losses and the evolution of transmission rate for a connection in order to distinguish between congestion-induced and non-congestion-induced packet losses; (b) LIMD/H reacts gently to non-congestion-induced losses and aggressively to congestion-induced losses, thereby achieving high efficiency, fairness, as well as quick reaction to the onset of congestion. We present an initial performance evaluation of LIMD/H using simulations and analysis.
FPGA Implementation of Metastability-Based True Random Number Generator (2012)

True random number generators (TRNGs) are important as a basis for computer security. Though there are some TRNGs composed of analog circuit, the use of digital circuits is desired for the application of TRNGs to logic LSIs. Some of the digital TRNGs utilize jitter in free-running ring oscillators as a source of entropy, which consume large power. Another type of TRNG exploits the metastability of a latch to generate entropy. Although this kind of TRNG has been mostly implemented with full-custom LSI technology, this study presents an implementation based on common FPGA technology. Our TRNG is comprised of logic gates only, and can be integrated in any kind of logic LSI. The RS latch in our TRNG is implemented as a hard-macro to guarantee the quality of randomness by minimizing the signal skew and load imbalance of internal nodes. To improve the quality and throughput, the output of 64-256 latches are XOR'ed. The derived design was verified on a Xilinx Virtex-4 FPGA (XC4VFX20), and passed NIST statistical test suite without post-processing. Our TRNG with 256 latches occupies 580 slices, while achieving 12.5Mbps throughput.
Viability of a National HVDC Transmission Ring in India (1999)

The paper presents the current scenario in India as regards the EHV AC and DC transmission backbone systems. The ultimate goal of the transmission sector is to create an integrated national power system grid for the effective distribution of electrical energy throughout the country. This paper proposes HVDC as an attractive alternative for the transformation of the network from independent regional grids to a fully integrated national grid, and details how the existing, decided and planned HVDC systems could be utilised in such a scheme. A conceptual scheme and control strategy is presented to achieve an HVDC national ring-main. Advantages of such a scheme in terms of its reliability, controllability and immunity to different grid disturbances are enumerated. The paper also outlines the challenges involved in terms of algorithms required for control coordination among different HVDC links and load despatch centres for achieving such a system.
PrivBayes (2017)

Privacy-preserving data publishing is an important problem that has been the focus of extensive study. The state-of-the-art solution for this problem is differential privacy, which offers a strong degree of privacy protection without making restrictive assumptions about the adversary. Existing techniques using differential privacy, however, cannot effectively handle the publication of high-dimensional data. In particular, when the input dataset contains a large number of attributes, existing methods require injecting a prohibitive amount of noise compared to the signal in the data, which renders the published data next to useless. To address the deficiency of the existing methods, this paper presents P riv B ayes , a differentially private method for releasing high-dimensional data. Given a dataset D , P riv B ayes first constructs a Bayesian network N , which (i) provides a succinct model of the correlations among the attributes in D and (ii) allows us to approximate the distribution of data in D using a set P of low-dimensional marginals of D . After that, P riv B ayes injects noise into each marginal in P to ensure differential privacy and then uses the noisy marginals and the Bayesian network to construct an approximation of the data distribution in D . Finally, P riv B ayes samples tuples from the approximate distribution to construct a synthetic dataset, and then releases the synthetic data. Intuitively, P riv B ayes circumvents the curse of dimensionality, as it injects noise into the low-dimensional marginals in P instead of the high-dimensional dataset D . Private construction of Bayesian networks turns out to be significantly challenging, and we introduce a novel approach that uses a surrogate function for mutual information to build the model more accurately. We experimentally evaluate P riv B ayes on real data and demonstrate that it significantly outperforms existing solutions in terms of accuracy.
Three-dimensional integrated circuits: performance, design methodology, and CAD tools (2003)

Three-dimensional integration technologies have been proposed in order to mitigate design challenges posed by deep-submicron interconnect. By providing multiple layers of active devices together with high-density local interconnects between these layers, 3-D technologies give digital-circuit designers greater freedom in meeting power and delay budgets that are increasingly interconnect-dominated. In this paper, we quantify the benefits 3-D integration can provide, using specific circuit benchmarks. We perform this analysis using a suite of circuit design tools we have developed for 3-D integration. We observe that on average, 28% to 51% reduction in total wire length is possible over two to five wafers respectively; similarly, 31% to 56% reduction in the length of the longest wire is achievable. We also characterize the impact of technology parameters on these reductions.
<i>Francisella tularensis</i>Infection-Derived Monoclonal Antibodies Provide Detection, Protection, and Therapy (2009)

Francisella tularensis is the causative agent of tularemia and a potential agent of biowarfare. As an easily transmissible infectious agent, rapid detection and treatment are necessary to provide a positive clinical outcome. As an agent of biowarfare, there is an additional need to prevent infection. We made monoclonal antibodies to the F. tularensis subsp. holarctica live vaccine strain (F. tularensis LVS) by infecting mice with a sublethal dose of bacteria and, following recovery, by boosting the mice with sonicated organisms. The response to the initial and primary infection was restricted to immunoglobulin M antibody directed solely against lipopolysaccharide (LPS). After boosting with sonicated organisms, the specificity repertoire broadened against protein antigens, including DnaK, LpnA, FopA, bacterioferritin, the 50S ribosomal protein L7/L12, and metabolic enzymes. These monoclonal antibodies detect F. tularensis LVS by routine immunoassays, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blot analysis, and immunofluorescence. The ability of the antibodies to protect mice from intradermal infection, both prophylactically and therapeutically, was examined. An antibody to LPS which provides complete protection from infection with F. tularensis LVS and partial protection from infection with F. tularensis subsp. tularensis strain SchuS4 was identified. There was no bacteremia and reduced organ burden within the first 24 h when mice were protected from F. tularensis LVS infection with the anti-LPS antibody. No antibody that provided complete protection when administered therapeutically was identified; however, passive transfer of antibodies against LPS, FopA, and LpnA resulted in 40 to 50% survival of mice infected with F. tularensis LVS.
The design space of wireless sensor networks (2004)

In the recent past, wireless sensor networks have found their way into a wide variety of applications and systems with vastly varying requirements and characteristics. As a consequence, it is becoming increasingly difficult to discuss typical requirements regarding hardware issues and software support. This is particularly problematic in a multidisciplinary research area such as wireless sensor networks, where close collaboration between users, application domain experts, hardware designers, and software developers is needed to implement efficient systems. In this article we discuss the consequences of this fact with regard to the design space of wireless sensor networks by considering its various dimensions. We justify our view by demonstrating that specific existing applications occupy different points in the design space.
Bill Neidjie’s Story About Feeling: Notes on its Themes and Philosophy (2015)

The late Bill Neidjie was one of a remarkable generation of Aboriginal elders who in the late 20th century mediated Aboriginal knowledges for a wider audience. These knowledges were individual and specific, and originated in each elder’s engagement with modernity, rather than being the articulation of a primordial wisdom tradition. This article conducts a reading of some of the key themes of Story About Feeling – a collection of Neidjie’s narratives recorded in October and November 1982 by Keith Taylor and published in 1989. In these narratives Neidjie identifies a universal human subject, defines inter-species concordance, the relation between nature and culture, and the experience of the Aboriginal sacred and its effects in the everyday. Story About Feeling returns continually to the reality of djang and its corollary feeling – a modality that is always in excess of any story that attempts to represent it.
Acylphenothiazine antiinflammatory agents with steroid-like activity. I. 2-chloro-10-(beta-dimethyl-aminopropionyl)-phenothiazine-5-oxide hydrochloride. (1968)

SK& F 17910-A, (2-chloro-1O-(β-dimethylaminopropionyl)-pheno-thiazine-5-oxide hydrochloride), has antiinflammatory activity qualitatively and quantitatively similar to that produced by hydrocortisone. Oral antiinflammatory activity of SK& F 17910-A was 1i5 to 03 times that of hydrocortisone in intact animals, using the pleural fluid, rat paw edema, carrageenan abscess and granuloma tests. SK& F 17910-A exhibited some thymolytic activity but did not cause adrenal atrophy or hyperplasia. In adrenolectomized (ADX) animals, SK& F 17910-A had a quantitatively similar antiinflammatory activity, clearly demonstrating that this activity was not the result of adrenal stimulation. Although SK& F 17910-A shares the antiiiiflammatory activity of hydrocortisone, it differs from hydrocortisone in having no effect upon glycogen deposition. But again, like hydrocortisone, SK& F 17910-A was inactive in the ultraviolet (UV) erythema test, a procedure which actively selects the known nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents. In the water-unloading test in ADX rats, SK& F 17910-A and the glucocorticoids were unique in their ability to repair the defects in the excretion of a water load. Since other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory compounds were inactive in this procedure, it is concluded that SK& F 17910-A is a unique nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agent having some of the properties of the glucocorticoids.
Fast high-resolution micro-CT with exact reconstruction methods (2010)

We have constructed a helical trajectory X-ray micro-CT system which enables high-resolution tomography within practical acquisition times. In the quest for ever-increasing resolution, lab-based X-ray micro-CT systems are limited by the spot size of the X-ray source. Unfortunately, decreasing the spot size reduces the X-ray flux, and therefore the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The reduced source flux can be offset by moving the detector closer to the source, thereby capturing a larger solid angle of the X-ray beam. We employ a helical scanning trajectory, accompanied by an exact reconstruction method to avoid the artifacts resulting from the use of large cone-angles with circular trajectories. In this paper, we present some challenges which arise when adopting this approach in a high-resolution cone-beam micro-CT system.
Regulation of Heparan Sulfate and Chondroitin Sulfate Glycosaminoglycan Biosynthesis by 4-Fluoro-glucosamine in Murine Airway Smooth Muscle Cells (2009)

The importance of the pathological changes in proteoglycans has driven the need to study and design novel chemical tools to control proteoglycan synthesis. Accordingly, we tested the fluorinated analogue of glucosamine (4-fluoro-N-acetyl-glucosamine (4-F-GlcNAc)) on the synthesis of heparan sulfate (HS) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) by murine airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells in the presence of radiolabeled metabolic precursors. Secreted and cell-associated CS and HS were assessed for changes in size by Superose 6 chromatography. Treatment of ASM cells with 4-F-GlcNAc (100 microM) reduced the quantity (by 64.1-76.6%) and decreased the size of HS/CS glycosaminoglycans associated with the cell layer (K(av) shifted from 0.30 to 0.45). The quantity of CS secreted into the medium decreased by 65.7-73.0%, and the size showed a K(av) shift from 0.30 to 0.50. Treatment of ASM cells with 45 microM and 179 microM 4-F-GlcNAc in the presence of a stimulator of CS synthesis, 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-xyloside, reduced the amount of the xyloside-CS chains by 65.4 and 87.0%, respectively. The size of xyloside-CS chains synthesized in the presence of 4-F-GlcNAc were only slightly larger than those with xyloside treatment alone (K(av) of 0.55 compared with that of 0.6). The effects of 4-F-GlcNAc to inhibit CS synthesis were not observed with equimolar concentrations of glucosamine. We propose that 4-F-GlcNAc inhibits CS synthesis by inhibiting 4-epimerization of UDP-GlcNAc to UDP-GalNAc, thereby depleting one of the substrates required, whereas HS elongation is inhibited by truncation when the nonreducing terminus of the growing chain is capped with 4-F-GlcNAc.
Modeling of magnetizing inductance and leakage inductance in a matrix transformer (1993)

Winding and core geometries are described for a matrix transformer constructed from integrated core and z-folded flex circuits. The magnetizing inductance is derived using the reluctance method and exploiting structural periodicity and symmetry. The internal leakage inductance is computed from the magnetic field distribution, and the interconnect leakage inductance from inductance formulas and current distribution. The results show that the interconnects are responsible for most of the leakage inductance. The modeling predicts inductance values that agree well with experimental measurements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Cell-Mediated Immunity Induced by Recombinant <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> Bacille Calmette-Guerin Strains Against an Intracellular Bacterial Pathogen: Importance of Antigen Secretion or Membrane-Targeted Antigen Display as Lipoprotein for Vaccine Efficacy (2002)

Live recombinant vaccines expressing defined pathogen-derived Ags represent powerful candidates for future vaccination strategies. In this study, we report on the differential induction of protective cell-mediated immunity elicited by different recombinant Mycobacterium bovis Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) strains displaying p60 Ag of Listeria monocytogenes in secreted, cytosolic, or membrane-attached form for T cell recognition. Anti-listerial protection evoked by the membrane-linked p60 lipoprotein of rBCG Mp60 and that of the p60 derivative secreted by rBCG Sp60-40 were nearly equal, whereas cytosolic p60 displayed by rBCG Np60 failed to protect mice from listeriosis. In vivo depletion of CD4 or CD8 T cell subpopulations in rBCG Mp60-vaccinated mice before listerial challenge revealed interactions of both T cell subsets in anti-listerial protection. In rBCG Sp60-40-vaccinated animals, CD4 T cells predominantly contributed to anti-listerial control as shown by the failure of anti-CD8 mAb treatment to impair the outcome of listeriosis in rBCG Sp60-40-vaccinated mice after L. monocytogenes challenge. Hence, differential Ag display by rBCG influences cell-mediated immunity, which in turn may impact vaccine efficacy due to the different requirements of CD4 or CD8 T cells for pathogen elimination.
Model-based matching using a hybrid genetic algorithm (2002)

This paper describes a hybrid genetic algorithm (HGA) for model-based matching of observed scenes that are noisy, where only a small fraction of the scene features are expected to correspond to the model features. The problem of finding the match is framed within a hypothesize-and-test paradigm and the HGA, with a representation size minimum description length evaluation function, is formulated as the method to search for the match. Unlike most genetic algorithms, the HGA introduced is based on an integer representation with a position based recombination operator. An assignment operator, also used as a reproduction operator, introduces domain-specific constraints and defines the hybrid nature of the algorithm. Results for models and scenes derived from images of occluded and cluttered environments are described. The results show the HGA to be an efficient search technique and the related matching technique to be robust in a variety of cases.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Microstrip to surface mounted foam-based waveguide transition for ka-band filter integration (2005)

This paper introduces a novel transition structure between a microstrip line and a surface mounted waveguide. The waveguide structure is based on foam material and comprises a flange cavity, the design of which aims both to achieve the impedance matching of the transition and to enable potentially a fully automated assembly onto an RF printed circuit board (PCB), complying so with surface mounted device (SMD) technology. The new concept has been applied to two 30GHz waveguide filter designs, presenting respectively a Chebyshev and a pseudo-elliptic response.
Controller design for hot strip finishing mills (1998)

The results to date of a collaborative research project with BHP Steel in Port Kembla, Australia, are described. The project is concerned with control of strip tension and looper angle in BHP's hot strip steel rolling mill (the finishing mill). The new controllers have been successfully implemented on the process and now handle all the production at the mill. The paper describes a model of the process, similar to that reported in the work of others. The development of a full nonlinear controller is traced, based on a recursive nonlinear method (cf., backstepping). Insights are drawn into possible system structures, particularly in the output feedback case when tension measurements may not be available. Alternative controller schemes are examined, including a speculative design which contains filters, similar to those obtained from output feedback designs of linear systems, together with nonlinear operators which invite comparisons with variable structure designs. Simulation results, which provided the justification for the final implementation, together with results from actual production records are presented.