gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of thiol‐ene click chemistry in functionalized polysiloxanes (2013)

Abstract Polysiloxanes are commonly used in a myriad of applications, and the “click” nature of the thiol‐ene reaction is well suited for introducing alternative functionalities or for crosslinking these ubiquitous polymers. As such, understanding of the thiol‐ene reaction in the presence of silicones is valuable and would lead to enhanced methodologies for modification and crosslinking. Here, the thiol‐ene reaction kinetics were investigated in functionalized oligosiloxanes having varying degrees of thiol functionalization (SH), π–π interactions (from diphenyls, DP), and ene types (CC). In the ene‐functionalized oligomers, π–π interactions were controlled through the use of dioctyl repeats (DO). The polymerization rate and rate‐limiting steps were determined for all systems containing an allyl‐functionalized oligomer, and rates ranging from 0.10 to 0.54 mol L −1 min −1 were seen. The rate‐limiting step varied with the oligomer composition; examples of rate‐limited propagation (5:3:2 CC:DP:DO/1:1 SH:DP) or chain transfer (5:3:2 CC:DP:DO/3:1 SH:DP) were found in addition to cases with similar reaction rate constants (5:2:3 CC:DP:DO/1:1 SH:DP). None of the siloxanes were found to exhibit autoacceleration despite their relatively high viscosities. Instead, the allyl‐, vinyl‐, and acrylate‐functionalized siloxanes were all found to undergo unimolecular termination based on their high α scaling values (0.98, 0.95, and 0.82, respectively) in the relation R p ∝ R i α . © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
A performance bound for prediction of MIMO channels (2006)

Knowledge of future channel conditions can increase the performance of many types of wireless systems. This is especially true for radio channels with multiple transmit and receive antennas, i.e., multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. This paper derives a performance bound for MIMO channel prediction. It is assumed that prediction is based upon estimating a model for the channel and then extrapolating that model to predict future values of the channel. A vector formulation of the Crame/spl acute/r-Rao bound for functions of parameters is used to find a lower bound on the prediction error. Numerical evaluation of this bound shows that substantially longer prediction lengths are possible for MIMO channels than for single antenna channels. An intuitive interpretation of this result is that more of the channel structure is revealed when using multiple antennas at both ends. Finally, the longer prediction lengths for MIMO channels are confirmed by numerical results obtained by implementing a MIMO extension of a single-antenna prediction scheme.
High Throughput and High Speed Organic Synthesis in Drug Discovery: An Integration of Chemistry and Technology (2004)

Drug discovery is a complicated that involves multiple synthetic chemistry tasks.Among them, lead generation and optimization is the core business in the discovery research.During the stage of lead generation, a large library of many thousands individual compounds will be screened against a biological target to identify a set of hits that showed desirable activity. Once a hit has been identified, analog synthesis and development of SAR around this hit and establishment of relationship between targeted protein and its cellular function become the key activity in the drug discovery project. During this process, focused libraries of a few hundred compounds (X00) will be synthesized and tested. For synthetic chemistry tasks, the efficiency can be enhanced through parallel processing or high throughput chemisay using automation technology with which a large number of compounds can be synthesized, purified and plated at same time for biological and pharmaceutical screenings. To accelerate the lead optimization high speed synthesis is conducted when necessary and to improve single process efficiency using automation technology, when the rate limiting step become developing synthetic method to produce large amount of compounds (in gram quantity) that can be used in vivo pharmacology study. With these in mind, we designed integrated HTC technology platform which supports the key chemical synthesis activities in discovery research. In this presentation, several examples will be presented to illustrate the applications of high throughput and high speed organic synthesis in drug discovery.
A tool environment for quality assurance of delta-oriented model-based SPLs (2017)

With the advent of model-driven engineering, software product line (SPL) technologies must be able to generate models as instances of a model-based SPL (MBSPL). Delta modeling is a variability mechanism which can be easily adopted for MBSPLs. The idea is to generate products by applying one or several deltas onto a core model. Hence, the main task during SPL implementation is to develop a set of deltas and to maintain several kinds of interrelations, e.g. dependencies and conflicts, in order to be able to generate all products of a MBSPL upon request. The resulting network of deltas is often complex and hard to maintain without appropriate tool support. This paper presents a tool environment for quality assurance in delta-oriented MBSPLs supporting the identification and elimination of design flaws in a network of deltas based on the principles of quality metrics and refactoring. We build upon previous work on the integration of model versioning tools with delta-oriented development of MBSPLs. Our solution is agnostic of the modeling language and may be easily extended by additional quality metrics and refactorings. We illustrate our approach using a delta-oriented MBSPL from the automation domain.
Taper junction failure in large-diameter metal-on-metal bearings (2012)

Our analysis suggests that varus stems, laterally engaging taper systems and larger head diameters all contribute to taper failure.
Variant SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines confer broad neutralization as primary or booster series in mice (2021)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of a global pandemic. Safe and effective COVID-19 vaccines are now available, including mRNA-1273, which has shown 94% efficacy in prevention of symptomatic COVID-19 disease. However, the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants has led to concerns of viral escape from vaccine-induced immunity. Several variants have shown decreased susceptibility to neutralization by vaccine-induced immunity, most notably B.1.351 (Beta), although the overall impact on vaccine efficacy remains to be determined. Here, we present the initial evaluation in mice of 2 updated mRNA vaccines designed to target SARS-CoV-2 variants: (1) monovalent mRNA-1273.351 encodes for the spike protein found in B.1.351 and (2) mRNA-1273.211 comprising a 1:1 mix of mRNA-1273 and mRNA-1273.351. Both vaccines were evaluated as a 2-dose primary series in mice; mRNA-1273.351 was also evaluated as a booster dose in animals previously vaccinated with mRNA-1273. The results demonstrated that a primary vaccination series of mRNA-1273.351 was effective at increasing neutralizing antibody titers against B.1.351, while mRNA-1273.211 was effective at providing broad cross-variant neutralization. A third (booster) dose of mRNA-1273.351 significantly increased both wild-type and B.1.351-specific neutralization titers. Both mRNA-1273.351 and mRNA-1273.211 are being evaluated in pre-clinical challenge and clinical studies.
Lightweight TV logo recognition based on image moment (2010)

TV logo recognition is one of the suggested solutions for preventing unauthorized duplication and redistribution. The major problem of the previous logo recognition is that the matching process against the reference logos requires much time. Since millions of minutes of TV programs are produced and broadcasted every day, an efficient algorithm is necessary. In this paper, we propose lightweight logo recognition using an image moment. An image moment represents a geometrical feature by a numerical low dimensional vector and thus matching can be achieved by a simple distance metric. Since an image moment itself is not so robust to noise, we introduce conspicuousness of a transparent logo according to visual properties of its background and surrounding regions. A validation experiment using the actual TV programs achieves much faster processing than the existing method with only a small degradation in accuracy. In the proposed method, computational complexity is independent of the number of the reference logos and the size of the logo region.
Real-Time Fluorescence PCR Assays for Detection and Characterization of Heat-Labile I and Heat-Stable I Enterotoxin Genes from Enterotoxigenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2004)

To facilitate the diagnosis of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infections in humans, we developed and evaluated real-time fluorescence PCR assays for the Roche LightCycler (LC) against the enterotoxin genes commonly present in strains associated with human illness. Separate LC-PCR assays with identical cycling conditions were designed for the type I heat-labile enterotoxin (LT I) and the type I heat-stable enterotoxin (ST I) genes, using the LC hybridization probe format. A duplex assay for ST I with two sets of amplification primers and three hybridization probes was required to detect the major nucleotide sequence variants of ST I, ST Ia and ST Ib. LC-PCR findings from the testing of 161 E. coli isolates of human origin (138 ETEC and 23 non-ETEC) were compared with those obtained by block cycler PCR analysis. The sensitivities and specificities of the LC-PCR assays were each 100% for the LT I and ST I genes. The LC-PCR and block cycler PCR assays were also compared for their abilities to detect LT I and ST I genes in spiked stool specimens with different methods of sample preparation. Findings from these experiments revealed that the limits of detection for the LC-PCR assays were the same or substantially lower than those observed for the block cycler PCR assay. Melting curve analysis of the amplified LT I and ST I genes revealed sequence variation within each gene, which for the ST I genes correlated with the presence of ST Ia and ST Ib. The rapidity, sensitivity, and specificity of the LC-PCR assays make them attractive alternatives to block cycler PCR assays for the detection and characterization of ETEC.
Simulation of CFAR detection algorithms for arbitrary clutter distributions (2000)

Simulation and performance estimation methodologies are developed for constant false-alarm rate (CFAR) detection algorithms based on the powerful concept of importance sampling (IS). Such algorithms involve crossings of a random threshold. Compression of the threshold density function produces the required biasing to implement IS procedures. Adaptive optimisation of simulation estimators and estimation of detector threshold multipliers are described. Easily computable approximations for false-alarm probabilities (FAPs) of cell averaging (CA)-CFAR detectors are derived. Fast simulation results are described for examples with known clutter distributions. The practically important situation when clutter densities are unknown is dealt with. Algorithms blind to the density and having appreciable gains over conventional Monte Carlo simulation are demonstrated. In a limited experiment these are shown to track a step change in clutter distribution. It is argued, albeit tentatively, that the procedures could point the way to implementation of estimators for FAPs and their control through threshold adaptation.
Nonlinear Signal Distortion in WDM Transmission with 10- and 40-Gbit/s Channel Rates (2000)

Extending WDM transmission distances between regenerators and increasing the channel bit-rates are required to achieve cost-effective terabit/s backbone networks. However, the achievable performance is limited the fibre nonlinearity, with high optical launch powers and short pulse widths leading to nonlinear distortion of the signals. In this paper, we report new results of splitstep Fourier simulations of WDM transmission, investigating the effects of both intra- and inter-channel nonlinear distortion for 10- and 40-Gbit/s channel rates.
Complex Lattice Reduction Algorithm for Low-Complexity Full-Diversity MIMO Detection (2009)

Recently, lattice-reduction-aided detectors have been proposed for multiinput multioutput (MIMO) systems to achieve performance with full diversity like the maximum likelihood receiver. However, these lattice-reduction-aided detectors are based on the traditional Lenstra-Lenstra-Lovasz (LLL) reduction algorithm that was originally introduced for reducing real lattice bases, in spite of the fact that the channel matrices are inherently complex-valued. In this paper, we introduce the complex LLL algorithm for direct application to reducing the basis of a complex lattice which is naturally defined by a complex-valued channel matrix. We derive an upper bound on proximity factors, which not only show the full diversity of complex LLL reduction-aided detectors, but also characterize the performance gap relative to the lattice decoder. Our analysis reveals that the complex LLL algorithm can reduce the complexity by nearly 50% compared to the traditional LLL algorithm, and this is confirmed by simulation. Interestingly, our simulation results suggest that the complex LLL algorithm has practically the same bit-error-rate performance as the traditional LLL algorithm, in spite of its lower complexity.
Granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor-stimulated hepatic dendritic cell progenitors prolong pancreatic islet allograft survival. (1995)

Liver-derived dendritic cell (DC) progenitors propagated in liquid culture in granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor exhibit low levels both of cell surface MHC class II antigens and of counter-receptors for CTLA-4/CD28. They fail to stimulate allogeneic T cells in mixed leukocyte cultures. To evaluate their in vivo functional significance, we determined their influence on survival of pancreatic islet allografts. Cultured B10.BR (H2k;I-E+) mouse liver-derived DC progenitors were injected (2 x 10(6) i.v.) into streptozotocin-diabetic B10 (H2b; I-E-) recipients 7 days before transplantation of pancreatic islets (700 IEq/mouse) from the same donor strain. No immunosuppressive agents were administered. Mean islet allograft survival time was prolonged from 15.3 days (in animals pretreated with syngeneic cells) to 30.3 days (P < 0.001) in mice pretreated with the donor-derived liver cells. In 20% of these animals, islet allograft survival exceeded 60 days. These data suggest that liver-derived DC progenitors may contribute both to the inherent tolerogenicity of the mouse liver and to its capacity to protect other allografts of the same donor strain from rejection.
A 5‐Minute Interval between Two Dilating Eye Drops Increases Their Effect (2017)

These results show a detectable additive effect that is probably the result of methodological refinements including the challenging of the mydriasis by photopic conditions and the use of pupil and iris surface areas, which may show differences that would be undetectable in terms of diameter.
Indoor illumination by solar light collectors (2008)

An innovative system for illumination of internal spaces was studied, constructed and tested. The system was dubbed `The Sunflowers' because the solar collectors were designed to track the sun's position during the day. Each Sunflower includes sunlight concentrators, optical fibres and mechanical and electronic systems for sun tracking. A Sunflower lighting system has been successfully installed in a prestigious museum to provide internal illumination of showcases. Solar illumination is obtained by concentrating the sunlight into optical fibres, which guide the light in the interior of the building and realise the lighting points.
Immunotherapy of childhood cancer: from biologic understanding to clinical application (2010)

Recent clinical trial results provide proof-of-principle that cancer immunotherapy has the capacity to overcome chemotherapy resistance without the usual toxicities associated with cytotoxic regimens. Immunotherapy holds promise in the treatment of children and adolescents with cancer and has the potential to improve both survival and quality of life.
An ultrasonic approach to localization of fiducial markers for interactive, image-guided neurosurgery. I. Principles (1998)

Fiducial markers are reference points used in the registration of image space(s) with physical (patient) space. As applied to interactive, image-guided surgery, the registration of image space with physical space allows the current location of a surgical tool to be indicated on a computer display of patient-specific preoperative images. This intrasurgical guidance information is particularly valuable in surgery within the brain, where visual feedback is limited. The accuracy of the mapping between physical and image space depends upon the accuracy with which the fiducial markers were located in each coordinate system. To effect accurate space registration for interactive, image-guided neurosurgery, the use of permanent fiducial markers implanted into the surface of the skull is proposed in this paper. These small cylindrical markers are composed of materials that make them visible in the image sets. The challenge lies in locating the subcutaneous markers in physical space. This paper presents an ultrasonic technique for transcutaneously detecting the location of these markers. The technique incorporates an algorithm based on detection of characteristic properties of the reflected A-mode ultrasonic waveform. The results demonstrate that ultrasound is an appropriate technique for accurate transcutaneous marker localization. The companion paper to this article describes an automatic, enhanced implementation of the marker-localization theory described in this article.
Microflow1, a sheathless fiber‐optic flow cytometry biomedical platform: Demonstration onboard the international space station (2013)

A fiber-optic based flow cytometry platform was designed to build a portable and robust instrument for space applications. At the core of the Microflow1 is a unique fiber-optic flow cell fitted to a fluidic system and fiber coupled to the source and detection channels. A Microflow1 engineering unit was first tested and benchmarked against a commercial flow cytometer as a reference in a standard laboratory environment. Testing in parabolic flight campaigns was performed to establish Microflow1's performance in weightlessness, before operating the new platform on the International Space Station. Microflow1 had comparable performances to commercial systems, and operated remarkably and robustly in weightlessness (microgravity). Microflow1 supported immunophenotyping as well as microbead-based multiplexed cytokine assays in the space environment and independently of gravity levels. Results presented here provide evidence that this fiber-optic cytometer technology is inherently compatible with the space environment with negligible compromise to analytical performance.
Managing personal health records using meta-data and cloud storage (2017)

Patient generated data or personal clinical data in general is considered an important aspect in improving patient outcomes. However, personal clinical data is difficult to collect and manage due to their distributed nature, i.e., located over multiple places such as doctor's office, radiology center, hospitals, or some clinics, and heterogeneous data types such as text, image, chart, or paper based documents. In case of emergency, this situation makes necessary personal clinical data retrieval almost impossible. In addition, since the amount and types of personal clinical data continue to grow, finding relevant clinical data when needed is getting more difficult if no actions are taken. In response to such scenarios, we propose an approach that manages personal health data by utilizing meta-data for organization and easy retrieval of clinical data and cloud storage for easy access and sharing with caregivers to implement the continuity of care and evidence-based treatment. In case of emergency, we make critical medical information such as current medication and allergies available to relevant caregivers with valid license numbers only.
Hydrogen sensing with palladium-coated optical fibers (1988)

Palladium-coated, single-mode optical fibers have been used to detect hydrogen in a concentration range 20 parts per billion to 2% in 1 atm of nitrogen. When the coated fibers are exposed to hydrogen, a hydride is formed with an expanded lattice constant, which stretches the optical fiber. This change in optical path length is measured using a Mach–Zehnder interferometer. A simple one-dimensional model is presented and shown to accurately reproduce the fiber response. Using electrodeposited palladium films, a factor of 7 enhancement in the hydrogen solubility is observed, as well as a deeply bound site which is saturated in the parts per million concentration range. The data suggest that this site may be due to hydrogen binding to a free surface of the palladium.
<i>B</i><sub>1</sub>field homogeneity and SAR calculations for the birdcage coil (2001)

The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is used to model a birdcage resonator. All the coil components, including the wires, lumped capacitors and the source, are geometrically modelled together. As such, the coupling effects within the birdcage, including the interactions of coil, source and human head, are accurately computed. A study of the transverse magnetic (B1) field homogeneity and the specific absorption rate (SAR) is presented on an anatomically detailed human head model at 64 and 200 MHz representing 1.5 and 4.7 T MRI systems respectively. Unlike that at 64 MHz, the B1 field distribution is found to be inhomogeneous at 200 MHz. Also, high local SAR values are observed in the tissue near the source due to the coupling between the source and the head at 200 MHz.
XML-based multimodal interaction framework for contact center applications (2007)

In this paper, we consider a way to represent contact center applications as a set of multiple XML documents written in different markups including VoiceXML and CCXML. Applications can comprise a dialog with IVR, call routing and agent scripting functionalities. We also consider ways how such applications can be executed in run-time contact center environment.
GCD11, a negative regulator of GCN4 expression, encodes the gamma subunit of eIF-2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1993)

The eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF-2 plays a critical role in regulating the expression of the yeast transcriptional activator GCN4. Mutations in genes encoding the alpha and beta subunits of eIF-2 alter translational efficiency at the GCN4 AUG codon and constitutively elevate GCN4 translation. Mutations in the yeast GCD11 gene have been shown to confer a similar phenotype. The nucleotide sequence of the cloned GCD11 gene predicts a 527-amino-acid polypeptide that is similar to the prokaryotic translation elongation factor EF-Tu. Relative to EF-Tu, the deduced GCD11 amino acid sequence contains a 90-amino-acid N-terminal extension and an internal cysteine-rich sequence that contains a potential metal-binding finger motif. We have identified the GCD11 gene product as the gamma subunit of eIF-2 by the following criteria: (i) sequence identities with mammalian eIF-2 gamma peptides; (ii) increased eIF-2 activity in extracts prepared from cells cooverexpressing GCD11, eIF-2 alpha, and eIF-2 beta; and (iii) cross-reactivity of antibodies directed against the GCD11 protein with the 58-kDa polypeptide present in purified yeast eIF-2. The predicted GCD11 polypeptide contains all of the consensus elements known to be required for guanine nucleotide binding, suggesting that, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the gamma subunit of eIF-2 is responsible for GDP-GTP binding.