gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrasonic Thermometry for In-Pile Temperature Detection (2010)

The Idaho National Laboratory has recently initiated a new effort to evaluate the viability of using ultrasonic thermometry technology as an improved sensor for detecting temperature during irradiation testing. Ultrasonic thermometers (UTs) work on the principle that the speed at which sound travels through a material (acoustic velocity) is dependant on the temperature of the material. By introducing an acoustic pulse to the sensor and measuring the time delay of echoes, temperature may be derived. UTs have several advantages over other sensor types. UTs can be made very small, as the sensor consists only of a small diameter rod which may or may not require a sheath. Measurements may be made near the melting point of the sensor material, as no electrical insulation is required; and shunting effects are avoided. Most attractive, however, is the ability to introduce acoustic discontinuities to the sensor, as this enables temperature measurements at several points along the sensor length (allowing temperature profiling with a single sensor). A typical multi-sensor UT system, with key components identified, is shown in Figure 1. As indicated in this figure, a narrow ultrasonic pulse is generated in a magnetostrictive rod by an excitation coil. The ultrasonic pulse propagates to the sensor wire, where a fraction of the pulse energy is reflected at each discontinuity (notches or diameter change). Each reflected pulse is received by the excitation coil, transformed into an electrical signal, amplified and evaluated in a start/stop counter system. The time interval between two adjacent echoes is evaluated and compared to a calibration curve to give the average temperature in the corresponding sensor segment. When a number of notches are available on the wire sensor, the various measurements give access to a temperature profile along the probe. UTs have been used successfully for several applications; however, several problems have limited the success of these sensors. For example, signal processing can be very complicated, as multiple echoes may overlap. Contact between the sensor and solid materials can cause extraneous echoes. If a sheath is required, contact bonding at high temperatures may cause extraneous echoes or attenuation of primary echoes. The most successful materials used in previous studies, tungsten and rhenium, are unattractive for nuclear applications due to material transmutation. Clearly, in order for ultrasonic thermometers to be viable for an in-pile sensor, these issues must be resolved through the use of modern signal processing and materials technologies. As part of the INL feasibility study, all of the issues associated with UT use and proposed resolution options will be identified and evaluated. Once most promising options are proven, it is planned to produce one or more prototype ultrasonic temperature sensors for evaluation. Ultimately, a full test should include a long term installation in a high temperature test assembly installed in a high neutron flux environment, such as that found in the Idaho National Laboratory’s Advanced Test Reactor.
Application of augmented reality to industrial tele-training (2004)

Augmented Reality (AR) is a departure from standard virtual reality in a sense that it allows users to see computer generated virtual objects superimposed over the real world through the use of see-through head-mounted display. Users of such system can interact in the real/virtual world using additional information, such as 3D virtual models and instructions on how to perform these tasks in the form of video clips, annotations, speech instructions, and images. In this paper, we describe a prototype of a collaborative industrial Tele-training system. The distributed aspect of this system will enable users on remote sites to collaborate on training tasks by sharing the view of the local user equipped with a wearable computer. The users can interactively manipulate virtual objects that substitute real objects allowing the trainee to try out and discuss the various tasks that needs to be performed. Experimental results are presented.
The isovolumic contraction time of the left ventricle. An echographic study. (1976)

The echographic isovolumic contraction time (ICT) of the left ventricle (LV) was measured in order to assess alterations of LV performance in children with various forms of cardiac disease. The echographic ICT was defined as the interval between coaptation of the anterior and posterior mitral valve leaflets and aortic cusp opening. Four groups of patients were evaluated: normal (48); LV myocardial disease (20); patent ductus arterosus (PDA) (19); and aortic stenosis (AS) (15). In normal children ICT shortened with decreasing age and increasing heart rate. Isovolumic contraction time was more influenced by heart rate (HR) than age, but the relationship was still weak (r = 0.61). In patients with LV myocardial disease ICT was markedly prolonged, while in children with patent ductus arteriosus and aortic stenosis it was shortened as compared with normal children (P less than 0.01).
Sturge–Weber Syndrome and Port-Wine Stains Caused by Somatic Mutation in <i>GNAQ</i> (2013)

The Sturge-Weber syndrome and port-wine stains are caused by a somatic activating mutation in GNAQ. This finding confirms a long-standing hypothesis. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health and Hunter's Dream for a Cure Foundation.).
Static Induction Transistor Logic (1977)

The static induction transistor logic (SITL) equivalent to PL is evaluated by fabricating type D-F/F frequency divider and 14 bit BCD programmable counter to prove its potentiality in VLSI. SITI2L is also implemented into LSI. The normally-configured SIT is introduced to serve as a driver transistor in the SITL having new circuit configuration in order to improve the speed performance, where output Schottky diodes are fabricated to ensure the decoupling between outputs. The performance of this Schottky SITL is evaluated in the ring oscillator, where the propagation delay is obtained 2.5 nsec at a power dissipation of 100 µW.
Depth Selective Camera: A Direct, On-Chip, Programmable Technique for Depth Selectivity in Photography (2015)

Time of flight (ToF) cameras use a temporally modulated light source and measure correlation between the reflected light and a sensor modulation pattern, in order to infer scene depth. In this paper, we show that such correlational sensors can also be used to selectively accept or reject light rays from certain scene depths. The basic idea is to carefully select illumination and sensor modulation patterns such that the correlation is non-zero only in the selected depth range - thus light reflected from objects outside this depth range do not affect the correlational measurements. We demonstrate a prototype depth-selective camera and highlight two potential applications: imaging through scattering media and virtual blue screening. This depth-selectivity can be used to reject back-scattering and reflection from media in front of the subjects of interest, thereby significantly enhancing the ability to image through scattering media-critical for applications such as car navigation in fog and rain. Similarly, such depth selectivity can also be utilized as a virtual blue-screen in cinematography by rejecting light reflecting from background, while selectively retaining light contributions from the foreground subject.
The Role of Carbonic Anhydrase 9 in Regulating Extracellular and Intracellular pH in Three-dimensional Tumor Cell Growths (2009)

We have studied the role of carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9), a cancer-associated extracellular isoform of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase in multicellular spheroid growths (radius of approximately 300 microm) of human colon carcinoma HCT116 cells. Spheroids were transfected with CA9 (or empty vector) and imaged confocally (using fluorescent dyes) for both intracellular pH (pH(i)) and pH in the restricted extracellular spaces (pH(e)). With no CA9 expression, spheroids developed very low pH(i) (approximately 6.3) and reduced pH(e) (approximately 6.9) at their core, associated with a diminishing gradient of acidity extending out to the periphery. With CA9 expression, core intracellular acidity was less prominent (pH(i) = approximately 6.6), whereas extracellular acidity was enhanced (pH(e) = approximately 6.6), so that radial pH(i) gradients were smaller and radial pH(e) gradients were larger. These effects were reversed by eliminating CA9 activity with membrane-impermeant CA inhibitors. The observation that CA9 activity reversibly reduces pH(e) indicates the enzyme is facilitating CO(2) excretion from cells (by converting vented CO(2) to extracellular H(+)), rather than facilitating membrane H(+) transport (such as H(+) associated with metabolically generated lactic acid). This latter process requires titration of exported H(+) ions with extracellular HCO(3)(-), which would reduce rather than increase extracellular acidity. In a multicellular structure, the net effect of CA9 on pH(e) will depend on the cellular CO(2)/lactic acid emission ratio (set by local oxygenation and membrane HCO(3)(-) uptake). Our results suggest that CO(2)-producing tumors may express CA9 to facilitate CO(2) excretion, thus raising pH(i) and reducing pH(e), which promotes tumor proliferation and survival. The results suggest a possible basis for attenuating tumor development through inhibiting CA9 activity.
Ethylene−Butadiene Copolymerization Promoted by Titanium Complex Containing a Tetradentate [OSSO]-Type Bis(phenolato) Ligand (2008)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTEthylene−Butadiene Copolymerization Promoted by Titanium Complex Containing a Tetradentate [OSSO]-Type Bis(phenolato) LigandCarmine Capacchione, Antonietta Avagliano, and Antonio Proto*View Author Information Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy* To whom correspondence should be addressed: e-mail [email protected]Cite this: Macromolecules 2008, 41, 13, 4573–4575Publication Date (Web):June 3, 2008Publication History Received18 April 2008Revised12 May 2008Published online3 June 2008Published inissue 1 July 2008https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma800864yhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma800864yrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2008 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1161Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Butadiene,Catalysts,Copolymerization,Hydrocarbons,Monomers Get e-Alerts
Mother and Child T Cell Receptor Repertoires: Deep Profiling Study (2013)

The relationship between maternal and child immunity has been actively studied in the context of complications during pregnancy, autoimmune diseases, and haploidentical transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells and solid organs. Here, we have for the first time used high-throughput Illumina HiSeq sequencing to perform deep quantitative profiling of T cell receptor (TCR) repertoires for peripheral blood samples of three mothers and their six children. Advanced technology allowed accurate identification of 5 × 10(5) to 2 × 10(6) TCR beta clonotypes per individual. We performed comparative analysis of these TCR repertoires with the aim of revealing characteristic features that distinguish related mother-child pairs, such as relative TCR beta variable segment usage frequency and relative overlap of TCR beta complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) repertoires. We show that thymic selection essentially and similarly shapes the initial output of the TCR recombination machinery in both related and unrelated pairs, with minor effect from inherited differences. The achieved depth of TCR profiling also allowed us to test the hypothesis that mature T cells transferred across the placenta during pregnancy can expand and persist as functional microchimeric clones in their new host, using characteristic TCR beta CDR3 variants as clonal identifiers.
Development of phytomedicines for liver disease (1999)

A phytotherapeutic approach to modern drug development can provide many invaluable drugs from traditional medicinal plants. Search for pure phytochemicals as drugs is time consuming and expensive. Numerous plants and polyherbal formulations are used for the treatment of liver diseases. However, in most of the severe cases, the treatments are not satisfactory. Although experimental evaluations were carried out on a good number of these plants and formulations, the studies were mostly incomplete and insufficient. The therapeutic values were tested against a few chemicals-induced subclinical levels of liver damages in rodents. Even common dietary antioxidants can provide such protection from liver damage caused by oxidative mechanisms of toxic chemicals. However, experiments have clearly shown that plants such as Picrorrhiza kurroa, Andrographis paniculata, Eclipta alba, Silibum marianum, Phyllanthus maderaspatensis and Trichopus zeylanicus are sufficiently active against, at least, certain hepatotoxins. Screening plants for antihepatitis activities remains in its infancy. P.kurroa, E. alba, Glycyrrhiza glabra, A. paniculata and P. amarus are likely to be active against Hepatitis B virus. In the case of severe liver damage, most of the liver cells die or turn into fibrotic state. In this case, the treatment should include in addition to the therapeutic agents, agents which can stimulate liver cell proliferation. For developing satisfactory herbal combinations to treat severe liver diseases, plants have to be evaluated systematically for properties such as antiviral activity (Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, etc), antihepatotoxicity* (antioxidants and others), stimulation of liver regeneration and choleretic activity. The plants with remarkable activities for each of the above properties have to be identified. Single plant may not have all the desired activities. A combination of different herbal extracts/'fractions is likely to provide desired activities to cure severe liver diseases. Development of such medicines with standards of safety and efficacy can revitalise treatment of liver disorders. * hepatoprotective activity.
Structure and Property Guided Design in the Identification of PRMT5 Tool Compound EPZ015666 (2015)

The recent publication of a potent and selective inhibitor of protein methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) provides the scientific community with in vivo-active tool compound EPZ015666 (GSK3235025) to probe the underlying pharmacology of this key enzyme. Herein, we report the design and optimization strategies employed on an initial hit compound with poor in vitro clearance to yield in vivo tool compound EPZ015666 and an additional potent in vitro tool molecule EPZ015866 (GSK3203591).
Is Neo-Cadastral Surveying on your Smart Phone Feasible? (2013)

At recent conferences (SSC2011, GeoNEXT2012), it has been suggested that cadastral surveys will be performed on a GPS enabled mobile phone in the near future. This is both a delicious prospect for the modern geospatial innovator and a galling, outrageous proposition for the cadastral surveyor. How far away from legally defining property boundaries with nothing but a mobile phone are we? This project will therefore undertake a small cadastral survey and investigate each step using all the latest information available in NSW to critically analyse the benefits and pitfalls encountered. In a partnership between the School of Surveying and Geospatial Engineering and LandTeam (Wollongong) a modest property was chosen and as many aspects of the survey as possible were carried out using an iPhone 4. This project seeks to investigate what benefits a modern smart phone can bring to the modern surveyor, but also to explain the limitations with reference to the legislation under which a Registered Surveyor is bound. Some comments about the future of such a proposition are also given.
Stage position measurement for e-beam lithography tool (2007)

With an evident requirement for Gaussian electron beam direct write lithography for prototyping and development on 300mm substrates below the 32nm node Vistec Lithography began the development of a new tool. A key requirement of this tool development was the integration and use of an interferometry solution for stage position measurement. Existing products had shown limitations in their practical application and performance and a new solution sought by the design team. Vistec entered into a development programme with Renishaw to utilise their newly developed interferometry systems.
An 8 Bit 4 GS/s 120 mW CMOS ADC (2014)

<?Pub Dtl=""?> A time-interleaved ADC employs four pipelined time-interleaved channels along with a new timing mismatch detection algorithm and a high-resolution variable delay line. The digital background calibration technique suppresses the interchannel timing mismatches, achieving an SNDR of <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">$\hbox{44.4 dB}$</tex></formula> and a figure of merit of 219 fJ/conversion-step in 65 nm CMOS technology.
Duplex and color Doppler sonography of hemodialysis arteriovenous fistulas and grafts. (1993)

Surgically constructed Brescia-Cimino arteriovenous fistulas and synthetic loop grafts are common means of vascular access for hemodialysis. Although angiography has been the traditional method of imaging these vascular systems, duplex and color Doppler sonography offer a noninvasive method of evaluating dysfunctional hemodialysis access. In normally functioning fistulas, waveforms of flow in the supply arteries and throughout the graft are monophasic, with peak systolic velocities of 100-400 cm/sec and end-diastolic velocities of 60-200 cm/sec. The draining veins have arterial pulsations with peak velocities of 30-100 cm/sec. Arterial and venous stenoses, graft thrombosis (occlusive and nonocclusive), infection, aneurysm and pseudoaneurysm formation, and arterial steal are relatively common abnormalities that can threaten or destroy graft function and can be diagnosed sonographically. Although abnormal hemodynamics in access fistulas are usually detected during hemodialysis, sonographic evaluation at the time of initial dysfunction may reveal an underlying correctable abnormality, and specific therapy may be instituted before the condition progresses. In addition, use of sonography may obviate an invasive angiographic examination if no significant hemodynamic problem is present.
Effect of a new resin inlay/onlay restorative material on cuspal reinforcement. (1991)

Nine maxillary premolars were restored with composite resin inlays involving large intracoronal cavity preparations. Buccal and lingual bonded strain guages measured the cuspal flexure under a carefully controlled application of occlusal force. The intact tooth was compared with the corresponding preparation and final restoration. The preparation itself greatly reduced the coronal rigidity, but this was completely recovered in the restored tooth, within the functional force of 111 N. A stiffness ratio showed a 97% recovery. From the point of view of cuspal strength, this may mean that larger intracoronal restorations are feasible with this type of restoration. However, other factors, such as chairside time and complexity, and material properties, such as occlusal wear, have to be taken into consideration.
Availability-Guaranteed Virtual Optical Network Mapping with Selective Path Protection (2016)

We analyze the availability of virtual optical networks mapped over a physical substrate and propose VON mapping algorithms with selective dedicated protection to minimize cost while meeting availability requirements.
Manufacturing of Smart Structures Using Fiber Placement Manufacturing Processes (1996)

Smart structures research and development, with the ultimate aim of rapid commercial and military production of these structures, are at the forefront of the Synthesis and Processing of Intelligent Cost-Effective Structures (SPICES) program. As part of this ARPA-sponsored program, MDA-E is using fiber placement processes to manufacture integrated smart structure systems. These systems comprise advanced composite structures with embedded fiber optic sensors, shape memory alloys, piezoelectric actuators, and miniature accelerometers. Cost-effective approaches and solutions to smart material synthesis in the fiber-placement process, based upon integrated product development, are discussed herein.
Pyridopyrimidine derivatives as inhibitors of cyclic nucleotide synthesis: Application for treatment of diarrhea (2008)

Acute secretory diarrhea induced by infection with enterotoxigenic strains of Escherichia coli involves binding of stable toxin (STa) to its receptor on the intestinal brush border, guanylyl cyclase type C (GC-C). Intracellular cGMP is elevated, inducing increase in chloride efflux and subsequent accumulation of fluid in the intestinal lumen. We have screened a library of compounds and identified a pyridopyrimidine derivatives {5-(3-bromophenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-5,11-dihydro-1H-indeno[2',1':5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4,6-trione; BPIPP} as an inhibitor of GC-C that can suppress STa-stimulated cGMP accumulation by decreasing GC-C activation in intact T84 human colorectal carcinoma cells. BPIPP inhibited stimulation of guanylyl cyclases, including types A and B and soluble isoform in various cells. BPIPP suppressed stimulation of adenylyl cyclase and significantly decreased the activities of adenylyl cyclase toxin of Bordetella pertussis and edema toxin of Bacillus anthracis. The effects of BPIPP on cyclic nucleotide synthesis were observed only in intact cells. The mechanism of BPIPP-dependent inhibition appears to be complex and indirect, possibly associated with phospholipase C and tyrosine-specific phosphorylation. BPIPP inhibited chloride-ion transport stimulated by activation of guanylyl or adenylyl cyclases and suppressed STa-induced fluid accumulation in an in vivo rabbit intestinal loop model. Thus, BPIPP may be a promising lead compound for treatment of diarrhea and other diseases.