gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection of DNA Adducts Derived from the Reactive Metabolite of Furan, <i>cis-</i>2-Butene-1,4-dial (2006)

Furan is a toxic and carcinogenic compound used in industry and commonly found in the environment. The mechanism of furan's carcinogenesis is not well-understood and may involve both genotoxic and nongenotoxic pathways. Furan undergoes oxidation by cytochrome P450 to cis-2-butene-1,4-dial, which is thought to mediate furan's toxic effects. Consistently, cis-2-butene-1,4-dial readily reacts with glutathione, amino acids, and nucleosides. To determine the importance of DNA alkylation in furan-induced carcinogenesis, we developed an assay for the detection of cis-2-butene-1,4-dial-derived DNA adducts. DNA samples were treated with O-benzyl-hydroxylamine, which reacts with the aldehyde functionality of the DNA adducts. Enzyme hydrolysates of these samples were then analyzed by capillary electrospray tandem mass spectrometry with selected reaction monitoring. The dCyd and dAdo adducts were detected in digests of DNA treated with nanomolar concentrations of cis-2-butene-1,4-dial. In addition, these adducts were present in DNA isolated from Ames assay strain TA104 treated with mutagenic concentrations of cis-2-butene-1,4-dial. These data support the hypothesis that cis-butene-1,4-dial is a genotoxic metabolite of furan. This method will allow us to explore the role of these adducts in furan-induced carcinogenesis.
Thin SOI IGBT leakage current and a new device structure for high temperature operation (2002)

This paper describes and compares the temperature dependence of leakage current and on-state resistance of MOSFETs (diodes) and LIGBTs on thin SOI. The leakage current decreases effectively as the SOI layer thickness decreases. The forward voltage-drop of IGBTs on thin SOI is not significantly deteriorated at a high temperature, such as 200/spl deg/C. On the other hand, switching speed improves as the SOI layer thickness decreases. Thus, a thin SOI device is a good candidate for high temperature operation.
High efficiency protocrystalline silicon/microcrystalline silicon tandem cell with zinc oxide intermediate layer (2007)

The authors develop a hydrogenated protocrystalline silicon (pc-Si:H)/hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon (μc-Si:H) double-junction solar cell structure employing a boron-doped zinc oxide (ZnO:B) intermediate layer. Highly stable intrinsic pc-Si:H and μc-Si:H absorbers are prepared by a 60MHz very-high-frequency plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition technique. Degenerate ZnO:B intermediate and back reflectors are deposited via a metal organic chemical vapor deposition technique. Because the ZnO:B intermediate layer reduces the potential thickness for the pc-Si:H absorber in the top cell, this double-juncion structure is a promising candidate to fabricate highly stable Si-based thin-film solar cells. Consequently, the high conversion efficiency of 12.0% is achieved.
Unsupervised and Transfer Learning Challenge: a Deep Learning Approach (2011)

Learning good representations from a large set of unlabeled data is a particularly challenging task. Recent work (see Bengio (2009) for a review) shows that training deep architectures is a good way to extract such representations, by extracting and disentangling gradually higher-level factors of variation characterizing the input distribution. In this paper, we describe different kinds of layers we trained for learning representations in the setting of the Unsupervised and Transfer Learning Challenge. The strategy of our team won the final phase of the challenge. It combined and stacked different one-layer unsupervised learning algorithms, adapted to each of the five datasets of the competition. This paper describes that strategy and the particular one-layer learning algorithms feeding a simple linear classifier with a tiny number of labeled training samples (1 to 64 per class).
Perfluoroalkylations of nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic compounds with bis(perfluoroalkanoyl) peroxides (1989)

Perfluoroalkylations of nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic compounds with bis(perfluoroalkanoyl) peroxides were studied. Bis(trifluoroacetyl) peroxide, bis(heptafluorobutyryl) peroxide, and bis(pentadecafluoro-octanoyl) peroxide were found to be useful and effective reagents for perfluoromethylations, perfluoropropylations, or perfluoroheptylations of pyrrole and its derivatives, while these peroxides could not be applied for the perfluoroalkylations of pyridine or imidazole. For the perfluoroalkylations with the peroxides, electron transfer from the substrate to the peroxide, which affords a perfluoroalkyl radical and a cation radical of the substrate in a solvent cage, is proposed. In pyrroles, since the delocalization of the N lone pair to π-systems lowers the nucleophilicity of the N lone pair and increases the electron density at the π-orbital, the electron transfer readily occurred and perfluoroalkylated pyrroles were obtained in good yield and regioselectively. However, nucleophilic attack of the N lone pair to the O–O bond of the peroxide was superior to the electron transfer in pyridine or imidazole of which the N lone pairs are very nucleophilic.
18. Some 1 : 3-oxazine derivatives of thionaphthen (1948)

E. W. McClelland and D. W. Stammers, J. Chem. Soc., 1948, 78 DOI: 10.1039/JR9480000078
A Method for Scanning Electron Microscope Analysis of Laser Drilled Thick Film Vias (1984)

In order to evaluate laser drilled vias in thick film dielectric materials a method of sectioning twenty micron vias has been developed. The value of the sections is illustrated by comparing vias in various dielectric materials.
A Model for Credential Based Exception Management in Digital Rights Management Systems (2007)

While digital rights and policy management (DRM/DPM) technologies have matured to become mainstream they are now poised to thrive in all aspects of our daily electronic lives and digital assets. A key issue remains however unsolved with respect to managing exceptions in the context of DRM enabled systems and information assets. This paper addresses this issue defining the problem and proposing a model based on credentials allowing to dynamically account for lawful unanticipated usage situations while still maintaining a given level of persistent protection, governed usage and audit trails.
Maximum likelihood training of probabilistic neural networks with rotationally related covariance matrices (2002)

Maximum likelihood algorithms are available for training two fundamental kinds of Gaussian probabilistic neural networks (PNNs), called herein homoscedastic ("same scatter") and heteroscedastic ("different scatter") PNNs. These are the only PNNs in the literature having readily derived maximum likelihood training algorithms. A new kind of PNN is defined in this paper, and a maximum likelihood training algorithm is derived. This new PNN is called a strophoscedastic ("twisted scatter") PNN to reflect the statistical character of its representation (as yet unnamed in the statistical literature). Structurally, in a sense made precise below, strophoscedastic PNNs fall between homoscedastic and heteroscedastic PNNs. Strophoscedastic PNNs are significant because they have a representational power similar to heteroscedastic PNNs and a parametric parsimony (and, hence, an inherent numerical stability) similar to homoscedastic PNNs.
Comparison of fungicides for the control of Rhizoctonia solani causing datnping‐off of mung bean (Phaseohis aureus) (1978)

SUMMARY Of 41 fungicides tested in the laboratory, copper carbonate, copper sulphate, mercuric chloride, Agrosan GN, quintozene, kasugamycin, carboxin, pyracar‐bolid, carbendazim, chloroneb, benomyl, Ohric, RH 893 (2‐n‐octyl‐4‐isothiazole‐3‐one) and Terrazole were most inhibitory to the mycelial growth of Rhizoctonia solani on Czapek's agar plates and had EC 50 values of less than 1 μg a.i./ml, while copper oxychloride, Udonkor, zineb, ziram, F 319 (3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl isoxazole) and anilazine were much less toxic, ziram being least inhibitory with an EC 50 of 214 μg a.i./ml. Of 17 fungicides tested in the greenhouse as seed treatments, thiabendazole, carbendazim, benomyl, thiophanate‐methyl, dichlozoline and Ohric gave 80–90% control of damping‐off of mung bean seedlings. A single soil drench with thiophanate‐methyl and two drenches with benomyl gave about 90% disease control, More seedlings with R. solani infection survived when thiophanate‐methyl was used as a post‐inoculation soil drench than when benomyl or chloroneb were used.
Effects of Low Habitual Cocoa Intake on Blood Pressure and Bioactive Nitric Oxide (2007)

clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00421499.
Profiting from Green Innovation: The Moderating Effect of Competitive Strategy (2018)

Despite the importance of green innovation, empirical evidence on its relationship with firm performance is mixed. This study endeavors to address this inconsistency in the evidence by investigating the value-capturing role of competitive strategy. It argues that firms tend to choose appropriate a competitive strategy to maximize performance of green innovation, especially in highly competitive contexts. We collected data from 195 firms in China. Our results suggest that the performance implications of green innovation (including green product innovation and green process innovation) are moderated by competitive strategies (including differentiation strategy and cost-leadership strategy), and these moderating effects are more prominent when competitive intensity is high. The findings of this study enrich theoretical understanding both of green innovation and of competitive strategy and have practical implications for green innovation management.
Real-time monitoring of single-photon detectors against eavesdropping in quantum key distribution systems (2012)

By employing real-time monitoring of single-photon avalanche photodiodes we demonstrate how two types of practical eavesdropping strategies, the after-gate and time-shift attacks, may be detected. Both attacks are identified with the detectors operating without any special modifications, making this proposal well suited for real-world applications. The monitoring system is based on accumulating statistics of the times between consecutive detection events, and extracting the afterpulse and overall efficiency of the detectors in real-time using mathematical models fit to the measured data. We are able to directly observe changes in the afterpulse probabilities generated from the after-gate and faint after-gate attacks, as well as different timing signatures in the time-shift attack. We also discuss the applicability of our scheme to other general blinding attacks.
Analytics-driven data ingestion and derivation in the AWESOME polystore (2016)

Polystores, i.e., data management systems that use multiple stores for different data models, are gaining popularity. We are developing a polystore-based system called AWESOME to support social data analytics. The AWESOME polystore can support relational, semistructured, graph and text data and houses a Spark computation engine to produce derived data during ingestion. ADIL, the data ingestion language of AWESOME allows a user to flexibly specify the placement of original and derived data into and across component stores and the computation engine. The paper also outlines a number of optimization strategies for managing data placement in AWESOME.
Utilization of Medical Treatments and Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy among HIV-Positive Adults with Histories of Childhood Sexual Abuse (2009)

HIV is a chronic, life-threatening illness that necessitates regular and consistent medical care. Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is a common experience among HIV-positive adults and may interfere with treatment utilization. This study examined rates and correlates of treatment utilization among HIV-positive adults with CSA enrolled in a coping intervention trial in New York City. The baseline assessment included measures of treatment utilization, mental health, substance abuse, and other psychosocial factors. In 2002-2004, participants (50% female, 69% African-American, M = 42.3 +/- 6.8 years old) were recruited. Nearly all (99%) received HIV medical care. However, 20% had no outpatient visits and 24% sought emergency services in the past 4 months. Among 184 participants receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART), 22% were less than 90% adherent in the past week. In a multivariable logistic regression model, no outpatient treatment was associated with African American race (AOR = 3.46 [1.42-8.40]), poor social support (AOR = 1.59 [1.03-2.45]), and abstinence from illicit drug use (AOR = 0.37 [0.16-0.85]). Emergency service utilization was associated with HIV symptoms (AOR = 2.30 [1.22-4.35]), binge drinking (AOR=2.92 (1.18-7.24)), and illicit drug use (AOR = 1.98 [1.02-3.85]). Poor medication adherence was associated with trauma symptoms (AOR = 2.64 [1.07-6.75]) and poor social support (AOR = 1.82 [1.09-2.97]). In sum, while participants had access to HIV medical care, a sizable minority did not adhere to recommended guidelines and thus may not be benefiting optimally from treatment. Interventions targeting HIV-positive adults with CSA histories may need to address trauma symptoms, substance abuse, and poor social support that interfere with medical treatment utilization and adherence.
Polarization and coherence-engineered illumination with applications in imaging (2010)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Rochester. Institute of Optics, 2010.
Development of autonomously replicating plasmids for Candida albicans. (1987)

A pool of Candida albicans RsaI fragments cloned onto a vector containing pBR322 sequences and the Candida ADE2 gene was used to transform a Candida ade2 mutant to adenine protrophy. A potential autonomously replicating sequence (ARS) in Candida DNA was identified by two criteria: instability of the selectable marker in the absence of selection and the presence of free plasmid in total DNA preparations. Plasmids carrying the ARS transformed C. albicans at a high frequency (200 to 1,000 ADE+ transformants per microgram of DNA), and Southern hybridization analysis of these transformants indicated that multiple copies of the plasmid sequences were present and that, although they were present in high-molecular-weight molecules, these sequences had not undergone rearrangement. Orthogonal field alternation gel electrophoresis indicated that the high-molecular-weight transforming sequences were not associated with any chromosome. The simplest interpretation to account for these data is that the transforming sequences are present as oligomers consisting of head-to-tail tandem repeats. The transformed strains occasionally yield stable segregants in which the transforming sequences are integrated into the chromosome as repeats. The Candida sequence responsible for the ARS phenotype was limited to a single 0.35-kilobase RsaI fragment which is present in one copy per haploid genome.
Dual Regenerative Cooling Circuits for Liquid Rocket Engines (Preprint) (2006)

Abstract : Effectiveness of dual cooling to lower the maximum wall temperature of regeneratively cooled engines is the focus of this study. Two engines, the SSME and a RP1-LOX engine, are retrofitted with dual-circuits. It is shown that the maximum wall temperatures for both engines are substantially reduced while also lowering coolant pumping power. It is also shown that with RP1 as the coolant, the likelihood of coking is reduced with use of dual-circuits.
Two compartment kinetic model with multiple artificial capillary units (1985)

A two compartment in-vitro model was designed to simulate human pharmacokinetics and to expose bacterial cultures to changing drug concentrations, thereby avoiding limitations of conventional antibiotic testing at constant drug levels. Serially placed bacterial compartments, representing extravascular infection sites, interface with a central compartment through artificial capillaries. Drug concentrations within the culture chambers closely mimic interstitial concentrations in vivo. Simultaneous first order elimination kinetics of two drugs with different half-lives were simulated to study antibacterial effects of drug combinations. This in-vitro model is an efficient tool for optimal dosage regimen design and the study of synergistic/antagonistic effects of antibiotic combinations.
Steam Turbine Start up Method Based on Predictive Monitoring and Control of Thermal Stresses (1985)

A turbine start up program decision and control method based on rotor thermal stresses has been developed.
A 1‐Oxa‐2‐nickela‐5‐cyclopentanone from Ethene and Carbon Dioxide: Preparation, Structure, and Reactivity (1987)

Complex 1 is a key intermediate in the Ni 0 ‐promoted CC bond formation between alkenes and CO 2 ; it contains 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU) as ligand. The NiC bond of 1 can participate in further, regioselective insertion reactions with alkenes. The nickelacycle is thus a model complex for the study of Ni‐catalyzed reactions. equation image
The mechanical properties of single wood pulp fibers. III. The effect of drying stress on strength (1975)

Abstract An experimental study has been made of the effect of drying tension on the tensile strength of single fibers from several wood species pulped in various ways. Some pulps are strengthened by drying stress, whereas others show no response. These apparently contradictory results are explained in terms of the effect of drying stress on the morphologic features responsible for strength. In part I of this series, it was shown that fiber strength is controlled by the fibril angle of the S 2 layer and the extent and severity of defects. These defects are mostly the local disturbances of fibril alignment termed “dislocations”, “slip‐planes”, or “microcompressions”. It appears that drying stress strengthens fibers both by reducing the fibril angle and by aligning the fibrils in the dislocated regions. This is only possible, however, if the matrix between the fibrils can flow in shear under the applied stress. Thus, strengthening is possible for fibers of high hemicellulose content, the matrix of which flows readily in the water swollen state. Strengthening does not occur, however, for predried kraft fibers or alkali‐extracted holocellulose, for which the matrix is well bonded and insufficiently swollen.
Effect of a Gel Formulation of Sucralfate on Gastric Microcirculation (1993)

Dyspeptic patients (n = 12) with endoscopic signs of chronic gastritis were treated orally for 28 days with a new gel formulation of sucralfate at a dose of 1 g twice daily. Before and after treatment, gastric blood flow was assessed during endoscopy by means of laser Doppler flowmetry. The sucralfate gel promoted a significant increase (P < 0.001) in blood perfusion in all patients, restoring normal levels of gastric microcirculation. The results are consistent with observations in animals, suggesting that the mechanisms responsible for the gastroprotective and therapeutic properties of sucralfate include enhancement of mucosal blood flow.
A Soft-Error Tolerant Content-Addressable Memory (CAM) Using An Error-Correcting-Match Scheme (2006)

Modern integrated circuits require careful attention to the soft-error rate (SER) resulting from bit upsets, which are normally caused by alpha particle or neutron hits. These events, also referred to as single-event upsets (SEUs), will become more problematic in future technologies. This paper presents a binary content-addressable memory (CAM) design with high immunity to SEUs. Conventionally, error-correcting codes (ECC) have been used in SRAMs to address this issue, but these techniques are not immediately applicable to CAMs because they depend on processing the full contents of the memory word outside the array, which is not possible in a normal CAM access. The proposed design consists of a new matching technique that uses coding to increase the Hamming distance between words, in conjunction with a modified matchline sensing scheme. The result is a CAM design that reduces the SER with no increase in delay or power dissipation, and with only a 12% increase in area
From tags to emotions: Ontology-driven sentiment analysis in the social semantic web (2012)

Affective computing is receiving increasing attention in many sectors, ranging from advertisement to politics. This work, set in a Social Semantic Web framework, presents ArsEmotica, an application software for associating the predominant emotions to
Near-infrared autofluorescence imaging of cutaneous melanins and human skin in vivo (2009)

In recent years, near-infrared (NIR) autofluorescence imaging has been explored as a novel technique for tissue evaluation and diagnosis. We present an NIR fluorescence imaging system optimized for the dermatologic clinical setting, with particular utility for the direct characterization of cutaneous melanins in vivo. A 785-nm diode laser is coupled into a ring light guide to uniformly illuminate the skin. A bandpass filter is used to purify the laser light for fluorescence excitation, while a long-pass filter is used to block the main laser wavelength but pass the spontaneous components for NIR reflectance imaging. A computer-controlled filter holder is used to switch these two filters to select between reflectance and fluorescence imaging modes. Both the reflectance and fluorescence photons are collected by an NIR-sensitive charge-coupled device (CCD) camera to form the respective images. Preliminary results show that cutaneous melanin in pigmented skin disorders emits higher NIR autofluorescence than surrounding normal tissue. This confirmed our previous findings from NIR fluorescence spectroscopy study of cutaneous melanins and provides a new approach to directly image the distributions of cutaneous melanins in the skin. In-vivo NIR autofluorescence images may be useful for clinical evaluation and diagnosis of pigmented skin lesions, including melanoma.
Osteopetrosis (1993)

Medical treatments of osteopetrosis have attempted to improve hematologic function, reduce the osteosclerotic condition, and/or improve immune function. Prednisone therapy has improved hematologic function in some patients, but has not resulted in a reduction in bone mass. Calcium deficient diets have limited further sclerosis in some patients. High-dose calcitriol and parathormone infusions have stimulated osteoclastic activity. In some patients, high-dose calcitriol has resulted in clinical improvement. Newer treatments, such as interferon gamma and macrophage colony stimulating factor, may alter the osteoclastic and immune defects by stimulating cellular formation and function. These therapies, alone or in combination, ameliorate but do not cure the osteopetrotic condition.
Dynamic Characteristic and Power Consumption on an Electro-Pneumatic Hybrid Positioning System (2005)

This paper deals with the dynamic characteristics of an electro-pneumatic hybrid positioning system. This system is composed of a pneumatic, an electric and a mechanical driving sub-system. The pneumatic driving system controls the pressure supporting the inertial mass, which means that the pressure is correspondent to the gravitational force acting on it. And the electric driving system with small capacity moves the inertial mass vertically through a ball screw as a mechanical driving sub-system. In the present study, in order to developing the electro-pneumatic hybrid positioning system, the mathematical model of this system has been refined by comparing calculation data with the experimental results, especially by measuring precisely frictional force of the ball screw. And the power consumption as well as the dynamic characteristics has been investigated numerically when the inertial mass is moved vertically upwards and downwards during one cycle by the electric driving system through the ball screw. The data on the power consumption during one cycle will be useful to select a suitable driving motor at the design stage.