gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
&lt;title&gt;Reflectance stability analysis of Spectralon diffuse calibration panels&lt;/title&gt; (1991)

The Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) plans to use deployable diffuse reflectance panels to provide periodic radiometric calibrations of its nine cameras while in-flight. Near-Lambertian reflectance characteristics are desirable to facilitate flat-field camera intercomparisons. Also required is panel spatial and spectral uniformity, and stability with time. Spectralon, a commercially available polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) compound, has been baselined in the MISR design. To assess the suitability of this material, a series of degradation tests were planned and implemented. These included UV vacuum exposure and proton bombardment tests which simulated the exposure levels to be encountered during the mission life. Proton levels are now considered too low to be of concern, but UV vacuum tests demonstrate sensitivity to material contamination. Material investigations have concluded that hydrocarbons are present in the bulk of the material, and that plastic packaging materials can introduce additional surface-layer contamination. It is found however, that these unwanted elements can be eliminated through vacuum pumping at elevated temperatures. Exposure to a UV source, while in vacuum, is again planned for a set of targets which have been vacuum baked. This will assess the stability of the pure PTFE form.
Layered alloys for effective magnetic flux concentration in induction heating (2007)

Fundamental requirements for an efficient transformer core material are that it should have a high saturation magnetic polarization and high magnetic permeability as well as low coercivity to minimize hysteresis losses, preferably in combination with high electrical resistivity, so as to minimize eddy current losses. We report on the magnetic and electrical properties of new soft magnetic materials with respect to their application in the induction heating process. The investigation focuses on a composite layered material. The offered materials properties such as saturation of magnetization, remanence, coercive field and coefficients of efficiency of transformation in the flux controllers were defined. These materials are anticipated as magnetic flux concentration materials for very severe induction heating processes because they possess high permeability and saturation flux density, and stable mechanical properties at elevated temperatures.
Estimation of Small Amounts of Fluoride in Body Fluids (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEstimation of Small Amounts of Fluoride in Body FluidsH. W. LindeCite this: Anal. Chem. 1959, 31, 12, 2092–2094Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60156a067https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60156a067research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views29Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Indolinones as Inhibitors of the Transforming Growth Factor β Receptor I (TGFβRI) (2010)

Inhibition of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) type I receptor (Alk5) offers a novel approach for the treatment of fibrotic diseases and cancer. Indolinones substituted in position 6 were identified as a new chemotype inhibiting TGFβRI concomitant with a low cross-reactivity among the human kinome. A subset of compounds showed additional inhibition of platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα), contributing to an interesting pharmacological profile. In contrast, p38 kinase, which is often inhibited by TGFβRI inhibitors, was not targeted by derivatives based on the indolinone chemotype. Guided by an X-ray structure of lead compound 5 (BIBF0775) soaked into the kinase domain of TGFβRI, optimization furnished potent and selective inhibitors of TGFβRI. Potent inhibition translated well into good inhibition of TGFβRI-mediated phosphorylation of Smad2/3, demonstrating efficacy in a cellular setting. Optimized compounds were extensively profiled on a 232-kinase panel and showed low cross-reactivities within the human kinome.
The impact of age differences in couples on depressive symptoms: evidence from the Korean longitudinal study of aging (2006-2012) (2015)

Depression represents one of the most common psychiatric disorders among older adults. Married couples are affected frequently, and psychiatric problems usually affect marital satisfaction. Despite the frequency of such relationships, it appears that very few studies have examined the issues that arise in couples of this type of marriage. Therefore, we investigate whether age differences between couples affect extent of depressive symptoms among older adults. Our analysis included 2,881 couples (i.e., 2,881 households) at least 45 years of age at baseline (2006), in addition to 3,033 couples in 2008, 2,772 couples in 2010, and 2,711 couples in 2012. A generalized linear mixed model was used for the data analysis. When the age difference between husbands and wives was 3 years or less, the estimated severity of depressive symptoms was 0.309 higher (SE = 0.084, p = 0.000) than that of same-aged couples. When the age gap was 3 years or more, the estimated severity of depressive symptoms was 0.645 higher (SE = 0.109, p < .0001) than that of same-aged couples. For every 1–2 years extra in age difference between wives and husbands, the estimated severity of depressive symptoms increased by 0.194 (SE = 0.082, p = 0.018), compared with same-aged couples. Age differences between husbands and wives impact their relationship, including any particular marital issues encountered.
Gene Expression Profile of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Paired Umbilical Cord Units: Cord is Different from Blood (2009)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are multipotent cells which can be obtained from several adult and fetal tissues including human umbilical cord units. We have recently shown that umbilical cord tissue (UC) is richer in MSC than umbilical cord blood (UCB) but their origin and characteristics in blood as compared to the cord remains unknown. Here we compared, for the first time, the exonic protein-coding and intronic noncoding RNA (ncRNA) expression profiles of MSC from match-paired UC and UCB samples, harvested from the same donors, processed simultaneously and under the same culture conditions. The patterns of intronic ncRNA expression in MSC from UC and UCB paired units were highly similar, indicative of their common donor origin. The respective exonic protein-coding transcript expression profiles, however, were significantly different. Hierarchical clustering based on protein-coding expression similarities grouped MSC according to their tissue location rather than original donor. Genes related to systems development, osteogenesis and immune system were expressed at higher levels in UCB, whereas genes related to cell adhesion, morphogenesis, secretion, angiogenesis and neurogenesis were more expressed in UC cells. These molecular differences verified in tissue-specific MSC gene expression may reflect functional activities influenced by distinct niches and should be considered when developing clinical protocols involving MSC from different sources. In addition, these findings reinforce our previous suggestion on the importance of banking the whole umbilical cord unit for research or future therapeutic use.
Chemical Vapor Deposited Polycrystalline Silicon (1972)

Mirror smooth thin films of polycrystalline silicon suitable for FET device processing have been chemically vapor deposited from silane at 650°C on different insulating materials. Hall mobilities of p‐type and n‐type films have been measured for carrier concentrations between 1014/cc and 1020/cc. Unusually high mobilities, within a factor of two of bulk silicon, were obtained in the 1014/cc to 1017/cc carrier concentration range. In situ vapor doping control was irreproducible for carrier concentrations below . Evidence from radiochemical analysis, electron microscopy, and x‐ray analysis indicates that there is a large concentration of electrically inactive dopant which is postulated to be in the grain boundaries. Undoped polysilicon films could be deposited with resistivities greater than 106 ohm‐cm.
Crystal structure and spin reorientation transition of Tb<sub>1−<i>x</i></sub>Y<sub><i>x</i></sub>Fe<sub>11</sub>Mo compounds (2006)

The structural and magnetic properties of mixed compounds Tb1-xYxFe11Mo with x = 0-1.0 have been investigated by means of x-ray diffraction and magnetic measurements. The compounds crystallize in the tetragonal ThMn12-type structure with space group I4/mmm. The lattice parameters a, c and the unit-cell volume V vary slightly with the Y content, since the atomic radius of Y is close to that of Th. The Curie temperature of the compounds increases for x <= 0. 1, then decreases with the increase in the Y concentration. Spin reorientation phenomena in the Tb1-xYxFe11Mo compounds have been studied in detail. The room temperature easy-magnetization direction of Tb1-xYxFe11Mo compounds changes from planar to the c-axial with increasing Y concentration. Variation of the anisotropy constants of the Fe-sublattice K-1(Fe) (T) with temperature is determined experimentally. By minimizing the magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy, the derived spin reorientation temperature for the Tb1-xYxFe11Mo system shows reasonable agreement with the observations.
Oncogene-specific activation of tyrosine kinase networks during prostate cancer progression (2012)

Dominant mutations or DNA amplification of tyrosine kinases are rare among the oncogenic alterations implicated in prostate cancer. We demonstrate that castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) in men exhibits increased tyrosine phosphorylation, raising the question of whether enhanced tyrosine kinase activity is observed in prostate cancer in the absence of specific tyrosine kinase mutation or DNA amplification. We generated a mouse model of prostate cancer progression using commonly perturbed non-tyrosine kinase oncogenes and pathways and detected a significant up-regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation at the carcinoma stage. Phosphotyrosine peptide enrichment and quantitative mass spectrometry identified oncogene-specific tyrosine kinase signatures, including activation of EGFR, ephrin type-A receptor 2 (EPHA2), and JAK2. Kinase:substrate relationship analysis of the phosphopeptides also revealed ABL1 and SRC tyrosine kinase activation. The observation of elevated tyrosine kinase signaling in advanced prostate cancer and identification of specific tyrosine kinase pathways from genetically defined tumor models point to unique therapeutic approaches using tyrosine kinase inhibitors for advanced prostate cancer.
Efficient optical frequency-comb generator (1995)

We have demonstrated a method that efficiently transfers the power from a single-frequency laser into a wideband frequency comb. The comb was produced by a 2.7-GHz electro-optic modulator in a resonant optical cavity. A coupled cavity technique was used to transfer 8.5% of the laser power into a comb with a span of 400 modes, or more than 1 THz.
eRAID: Conserving Energy in Conventional Disk-Based RAID System (2008)

Recently, high-energy consumption has become a serious concern for both storage servers and data centers. Recent research studies have utilized the short transition times of multispeed disks to decrease energy consumption. Manufacturing challenges and costs have so far prevented commercial deployment of multispeed disks. In this paper, we propose an energy saving policy, eRAID (energy-efficient RAID), for conventional disk-based mirrored and parity redundant disk array architectures. eRAID saves energy by spinning down partial or the entire mirror disk group with constraints of acceptable performance degradation. We first develop a multiconstraint energy-saving model for the RAID environment by considering both disk characteristics and workload features. Then, we develop a performance (response time and throughput) control scheme for eRAID based on the analytical model. Experimental results show that eRAID can save up to 32 percent energy while satisfying the predefined performance requirement.
Comparison between Galileo CBOC Candidates and BOC(1,1) in Terms of Detection Performance (2008)

Many scientific activities within the navigation field have been focused on the analysis of innovative modulations for both GPS L1C and Galileo E1 OS, after the 2004 agreement between United States and European Commission on the development of GPS and Galileo. The joint effort by scientists of both parties has been focused on the multiplexed binary offset carrier (MBOC) which is defined on the basis of its spectrum, and in this sense different time waveforms can be selected as possible modulation candidates. The goal of this paper is to present the detection performance of the composite BOC implementation of an MBOC signal in terms of detection and false alarm probabilities. A comparison among the CBOC and BOC(1,1) modulations is also presented to show how the CBOC solution, designed to have excellent tracking performance and multipath rejection capabilities, does not limit the acquisition process.
Software defined air interface: a framework of 5G air interface (2015)

The anticipated 1000 fold traffic growth in 2020 and the explosion of new services and applications including the massive Internet of Things, tactile internet, etc. pose tough challenges for the next generation mobile network. A soft end-toend solution from the core network to the radio access network, as well as the air interface is envisioned as the key to meet the extremely stringent demands. This paper presents our perspective of the 5G air interface and raise the concept of software defined air interface (SDAI) as a framework of 5G air interface. Instead of a global optimized air interface for the previous communication generations, SDAI is envisioned to bring agility and heighten the efficiency into the design and implementation of the building blocks of the air interface. The fundamental building blocks and the related parameters including spectrum, bandwidth, multiple access schemes, waveform, and so on, are all tunable such that the air interface can be optimized to each individual application scenario. To clarify the adaptation mechanism of SDAI, we provide a case study on the link adaptation between the sparse code multiple access (SCMA) scheme and the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing access (OFDMA) from energy efficiency and spectral efficiency co-design perspective.
Design, Synthesis, and Protein Crystallography of Biaryltriazoles as Potent Tautomerase Inhibitors of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (2015)

Optimization is reported for biaryltriazoles as inhibitors of the tautomerase activity of human macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a proinflammatory cytokine associated with numerous inflammatory diseases and cancer. A combined approach was taken featuring organic synthesis, enzymatic assaying, crystallography, and modeling including free-energy perturbation (FEP) calculations. X-ray crystal structures for 3a and 3b bound to MIF are reported and provided a basis for the modeling efforts. The accommodation of the inhibitors in the binding site is striking with multiple hydrogen bonds and aryl-aryl interactions. Additional modeling encouraged pursuit of 5-phenoxyquinolinyl analogues, which led to the very potent compound 3s. Activity was further enhanced by addition of a fluorine atom adjacent to the phenolic hydroxyl group as in 3w, 3z, 3aa, and 3bb to strengthen a key hydrogen bond. It is also shown that physical properties of the compounds can be modulated by variation of solvent-exposed substituents. Several of the compounds are likely the most potent known MIF tautomerase inhibitors; the most active ones are more than 1000-fold more active than the well-studied (R)-ISO-1 and more than 200-fold more active than the chromen-4-one Orita-13.
Color image desaturation using sparse reconstruction (2010)

In this paper, we propose an algorithm to estimate the true values of saturated pixels in color images. Pixel saturation occurs when at least one color channel is clipped at some value below the full dynamic range of the scene, resulting in a loss in image fidelity. The proposed algorithm is based on the assumptions that images are nearly sparse in an appropriate transform domain, and that saturated pixels can be inferred from the structure of non-saturated neighboring pixels. Consequently, we use a hierarchical windowing algorithm which selects image regions containing relatively few saturated pixels for processing. Starting with small sized regions, and progressively increasing the size, we solve a sparsity promoting constrained ℓ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> minimization problem for each selected region to recover the saturated pixels. Moreover, we provide simulation results to show the effectiveness of our algorithm.
Configuration of the vitamin E analogue garcinoic acid extracted from garcinia kola seeds (2008)

Vitamin E derivatives bearing a carboxylic group have recently gained great attention because of their antitumoral properties. Garcinoic acid (trans-13'-carboxy-delta-tocotrienol) is a vitamin E analog extracted from Garcinia Kola seeds in which the carboxylic group is at the end of the aliphatic side chain and reported to be a racemate based on the optical rotation measurements. However, CD determination of a sample of the acid analyzed by us gave a positive peak at 208 nm, indicating that it is not a racemate. To assess the enantiomeric composition of garcinoic acid, it was thus transformed to alpha-tocopherol and analyzed by chiral HPLC on column OD-H. On the basis of the elution order of alpha-tocopherol stereoisomers, the garcinoic acid sample resulted to be enantiopure with R configuration at carbon 2 of the chroman ring. Moreover, in a preliminary test, the acid and some of its derivatives showed a marked antiproliferative effect on glioma C6 cancer cells.
Miniature piezoelectric actuators: design concept, fabrication and performance evaluation (1998)

Magnifying mechanisms, which include bimorph configurations, waveguides, resonance, mechanical levers etc, that can convert a large-force, small-displacement piezoelectric material to become a smaller-force, large-displacement actuator are examined in detail. Sputtering processes for zinc oxide and lead-zirconate-titanate films, which are important for fabricating miniature laminated piezoelectric actuators, are presented. A newly developed laser Doppler interferometer that is especially designed for evaluating the performance of miniature piezoelectric actuators is also described. The design concept, optimization process, fabrication techniques and evaluation approach for such things as a piezoelectric impact hammer, a resonant dual-dimensional piezoelectric scanner, a Langevin type ultrasonic motor and a high-precision piezoelectric positioning stage are also discussed.
Selective inhibition of prostatic tumor 5 alpha-reductase by a 4-methyl-4-azasteroid. (1984)

The effect of sodium 4-methyl-3-oxo-4-aza-5 alpha-pregnane-20(s)-carboxylate (4-MAPC) on testosterone metabolism was investigated in rat and human prostates in organ culture. The general properties of the test system for androgen metabolism and response to inhibitors were in close agreement with in vivo observations. As an inhibitor of prostatic tumor 5 alpha-reductase, 4-MAPC was equally as effective as 17 beta-N,N-diethylcarbamoyl-4-methyl-4-aza-5 alpha-androstan-3-one, reported to be a potent 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor. Inhibition of 5 alpha-reductase activity by 4-MAPC, but not by 17 beta-N,N-diethylcarbamoyl-4-methyl-4-aza-5 alpha-androstan-3-one, was accompanied by concomitant stimulation of 17 beta-oxidation of testosterone. This differential effect was observed in explants of human prostatic carcinoma and benign prostatic hypertrophy containing a relatively high degree of glandular hyperplasia. It was also seen in explants of dorsolateral rat prostate but not in the ventral prostate. 4-MAPC exhibited low affinity for rat prostatic cytosol 8S androgen receptor. Steroid extraction of purified nuclei from inhibited rat tissues revealed substantial amounts of radioactivity derived from [3H]testosterone cochromatographed with other metabolites in addition to dihydrotestosterone. The endocrine changes produced by this inhibitor of 5 alpha-reductase are reconcilable with the responsiveness of androgen-sensitive malignant prostatic cells to hormonal therapy.
Photosensitized oxidation of furans. Part 14. Nature of intermediates in thermal rearrangement of some endo-peroxides of 2-alkoxyfurans: new rearrangement pathway of furan endo-peroxides (1989)

2-Methoxy-5-phenylfurans (1a–c) substituted at C-4 with electron-withdrawing groups, by dyesensitized photo-oxygenation in non-participating solvents, give the endo-peroxides (3a–c) which by thermal rearrangement partly yield the 3H-1, 2-dioxoles (14a–c). The latter, which are the first examples of this ring system, are thermally very unstable. Their formation can be deduced only from the products obtained by thermal rearrangement which are structurally related with the thermal rearrangement products of 3H-1, 2, 4-dioxazoles (10). The behaviour of the furans (1a–c) contrasts with that of the 2-methoxy-5-phenylfurans unsubstituted at C-4 which under the same conditions give carbonyl oxides.
Anti-theft Solutions for In-vehicle Electronic Devices (2014)

Recently, security concerns to automobiles are rapidly increasing. When threats are found in a vehicular system, this may usually take time to acquire adequate countermeasures. Threats to a vehicle can be classified into three categories: theft of in-vehicle devices, penetration into the internal network and utilization of the external network. This paper surveys threats in each category and their countermeasures. Among these threats, an anti-theft system is researched, which tries to prevent theft of in-vehicle devices. According to a survey, the existing anti-theft system is still vulnerable and hence in-vehicle devices do not ensure safety and reliability. Therefore, this paper also proposes an enhanced anti-theft system and analyzes its security and feasibility. This study is expected to show a reference of a configuration for more enhanced anti-theft systems for in-vehicle devices.
Source signature determination by inversion of ministreamer data (2000)

In experimental physics disciplines (e.g., particle physics, optics), it is essential to have detailed knowledge of the signal used to investigate or probe a target. For the seismic experiment, exact determination of the input signal has not been addressed to the same extent. In my opinion there are two major reasons for this lack of interest.