gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Temporal synthesis and radiolabelling of the sorghum 3‐deoxyanthocyanidin phytoalexins and the anthocyanin, cyanidin 3‐dimalonyl glucoside (2000)

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) synthesizes a complex mixture of 3-deoxyanthocyanidin phytoalexins in response to inoculation with the non-pathogenic fungus Bipolaris maydis. The anthocyanin cyanidin 3-dimalonyl glucoside, is also synthesized naturally in response to light. To determine the order and time of appearance of these compounds, etiolated sorghum mesocotyls were inoculated with B. maydis and tissue extracts were analysed by photodiode array-HPLC every 2 h for the first 24 h and at 48 h post inoculation (hpi). Uninoculated and inoculated etiolated mesocotyls were also allowed to incorporate L-[U-<sup>14</sup> C] phenylalanine. Apigeninidin appeared at 10 hpi, followed by luteolinidin and apigeninidin 5-O-arabinoside at 14 hpi. Luteolinidin 5-methylether was not detected until 18 hpi and apigeninidin 7-methylether not until 20 hpi. The concentrations of the primary phytoalexins, apigeninidin, luteolinidin and apigeninidin 5-O-arabinoside, rose steadily between 12 and 24 hpi, and the levels of apigeninidin and luteolinidin were approximately equivalent by 24 hpi. However, between 24 and 48 hpi luteolinidin and luteolinidin 5-methylether accumulated rapidly so that by 48 hpi the amounts of luteolinidin and luteolinidin 5-methylether had increased approximately twofold. Radiolabelling also showed that <sup>14</sup> C was incorporated into the 3-deoxyanthocyanidins and cyanidin 3-dimalonyl glucoside. Several other unidentified phenolic compounds also accumulated radioactivity.
Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of a new series of cephalosporins, BMY-28142 and related compounds. (1986)

The synthesis of a series of 7-[(Z)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-oxyiminoacetamido] -3-ammoniomethyl-3-cephems is described. Variations of an oxyimino moiety in the 7-side chain and a quaternary ammonium moiety in the 3-side chain were examined and structure-activity relationships studied. BMY-28142, the 3-(N-methylpyrrolidinio)methyl derivative of the 7-alpha-methoxyimino series of cephalosporins, exhibited broad antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria including Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Quantitative Chemical Proteomic Profiling of Ubiquitin Specific Proteases in Intact Cancer Cells (2016)

Deubiquitinating enzymes play an important role in a plethora of therapeutically relevant processes and are emerging as pioneering drug targets. Herein, we present a novel probe, Ubiquitin Specific Protease (USP) inhibitor, alongside an alkyne-tagged activity-based probe analogue. Activity-based proteome profiling identified 12 USPs, including USP4, USP16, and USP33, as inhibitor targets using submicromolar probe concentrations. This represents the first intact cell activity-based profiling of deubiquitinating enzymes. Further analysis demonstrated functional inhibition of USP33 and identified a synergistic relationship in combination with ATR inhibition, consistent with USP4 inhibition.
RM-493, a Melanocortin-4 Receptor (MC4R) Agonist, Increases Resting Energy Expenditure in Obese Individuals (2015)

Short-term administration of the MC4R agonist RM-493 increases REE and shifts substrate oxidation to fat in obese individuals.
CMOS Colpitts Quadrature VCO Using the Body Injection-Locked Coupling Technique (2009)

This paper presents a new low phase noise quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator (QVCO), which consists of two differential complementary Colpitts voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs) with a tail inductor. The output of the tail inductor in one differential VCO is injected to the bodies of the nMOSFETs in the other differential VCO and vice versa. The proposed CMOS QVCO has been implemented with the TSMC 0.18 mum CMOS technology and the die area is 0.725 times 0.839 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . At the supply voltage of 1.1 V, the total power consumption is 9.9 mW. The free-running frequency of the QVCO is tunable from 5.26 GHz to 5.477 GHz as the tuning voltage is varied from 0.0 V to 1.1 V. The measured phase noise at 1 MHz frequency offset is -124.36 dBc/Hz at the oscillation frequency of 5.44 GHz and the figure of merit (FOM) of the proposed QVCO is -189.1 dBc/Hz.
On the Stability and Agility of Aggressive Vehicle Maneuvers: A Pendulum-Turn Maneuver Example (2011)

We present a dynamic stability and agility study of a pendulum-turn vehicle maneuver. Instead of optimizing the controlled inputs to mimic expert human driver performance, we focus on understanding the stability and agility performance of the vehicle motion using professional racing car driver testing data. We propose to use the rear side slip angle, rather than the vehicle mass center side slip angle, as one state variable to obtain the precise stable region. A hybrid physical/dynamic tire/road friction model is used to capture the dynamic friction force characteristics. We also introduce the use of vehicle lateral jerk and acceleration information as the agility metrics to compare maneuvering performance under the racing car driver and a typical human driver. The analysis and testing results show that during the pendulum-turn maneuvers, the professional driver operates the vehicle outside the stable regions of the vehicle dynamics to achieve superior agility performance than that under typical human driver control. Comparison results also show that the racing car driver outperforms in both the traveling time and the agility metrics. It is ongoing work to design a control strategy for autonomous aggressive maneuvers by using the new stability and agility results presented in this paper.
A new approach to motor condition monitoring in induction motor drives (2002)

An approach for condition monitoring of an electrical machine is proposed. The method uses the power leads of the machine itself as the communication link between the sending station located within the machine and the receiving station located remotely outside the machine. The required communication circuit for realizing data transmission for both the ordinary 60-Hz power line and the special PWM (pulse-width-modulated) inverter-fed power line is constructed. The communication circuit uses an asynchronous serial communication protocol and FSK (frequency shift keying) modulation for realizing frequency multiplexing in the power line. An online winding temperature monitoring system for an inverter-fed induction machine is constructed using this power line communication link. Experimental results demonstrate satisfactory operation of the system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Landforms of Iowa (1993)

Survey Bureau, has written a truly valuable book outlining Iowa's seven primary landform regions, describing in detailed yet wonderfully accessible language just how each landscape was created.From the recently deposited (12,000-14,000 years ago) Des Moines Lobe to the oldest bedrock seen on the ground surface (the Sioux Quartzite at Gitchie Manitou State Preserve in extreme northwestern Iowa that dates back more than 1.6 billion years), the evolution of Iowa's landscape is clearly explained.Each region is mapped and lavishly illustrated.Readers will be especially delighted with the chapter containing maps and lists of state parks and preserves located within each region, making it possible for readers to organize their own field trips to explore Iowa's geology firsthand.Understanding Iowa's geology is important for three reasons.A knowledge of Iowa's subtle landscapes reveals a history of people living on the land, from prehistoric Native American tribes and early Euro-American settlers to the way Iowans use the land today.An appreciation of geological processes that created Iowa landscapes over millions of years leads to an enlarged perspective about time itself and the tremendous impact humans have had on the land in the very brief period they have occupied the earth.An understanding of Iowa's geology is also vital for citizens faced with such pressing issues as groundwater quality, soil conservation, urban sprawl, waste disposal, energy sources, and preservation of Iowa's few remaining natural habitats.How these issues are resolved will have an enormous impact on future Iowans.This book offers much to the professional scientific community as well as to general readers in understanding Iowa geology.
A fully integrated, untrimmed CMOS instrumentation amplifier with submicrovolt offset (1999)

A low-noise CMOS instrumentation amplifier intended for low-frequency thermoelectric microsensor applications is presented that achieves submicrovolt offset and noise. Key to its performance is the chopper modulation technique combined with a bandpass filter and a matching on-chip oscillator. No external components or trimming are required. The achievable offset performance depends on the bandpass filter Q and the oscillator-to-bandpass filter matching accuracy. Constraints are derived for an optimum Q and a given matching accuracy. The improvement of common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR) in chopper amplifiers is discussed. The amplifier features a total gain of 77/spl plusmn/0.3 dB and a bandwidth of approximately 600 Hz. The measured low-frequency input noise is 8.5 nV//spl radic/Hz and the input offset is 600 nV. The measured low-frequency CMRR is better than 150 dB. The circuit has been implemented in a standard 1-/spl mu/m single-poly CMOS process.
[Diagnosis of myocardial lesions in infectious endocarditis]. (2001)

To decide on treatment policy and specify prognosis in infectious endocarditis (IE) it is necessary to investigate myocardium. This is better to do using most informative criteria of myocardial affection--structural and geometrical changes of the left ventricle, various focal lesions, high-grade ventricular extrasystole, supraventricular tachycardia, atrioventricular block of various degree.
Electronic ILL at Colorado State University (1993)

Examines the workload consequences for interlibrary loan departments when patrons′ requests for interlibrary lending are made easier. In particular, looks at new ILL methods with the advent of LAN systems and OCLC introduced at the University of Colorado libraries.
Ex vivo Characterization of Atherosclerosis using Intravascular Photoacoustic Imaging (2007)

The imaging of plaque composition represents one of the important steps in the interventional management of atherosclerosis. Intravascular photoacoustic (IVPA) imaging has the potential to play a major role in the detection and differentiation of an atherosclerotic lesion. The difference in the optical properties of the arterial wall and plaque constituents could be utilized to obtain high resolution photoacoustic images. In this work, through ex vivo imaging studies using a rabbit model of atherosclerosis, we evaluate the ability of IVPA imaging to detect and characterize the plaque. Specifically, the difference in the magnitude of the photoacoustic signals from the free lipids, macrophage foam cells, blood and the rest of the arterial wall were helpful in providing the contrast and detecting the fibro-cellular inflammatory plaque. The constituents identified in the IVPA images were confirmed by the results from histology.
Expression in Escherichia coli, purification, and reactivation of the recombinant Erwinia uredovora phytoene desaturase. (1992)

A plasmid has been constructed by cloning the complete crtI gene encoding phytoene desaturase from Erwinia uredovora behind the lac Z promoter of pUC18 resulting in a reading frame for the full polypeptide with additional 9 amino acids at the N terminus. This plasmid mediated the overexpression of phytoene desaturase in transformed Escherichia coli. The overexpressed enzyme was sequestrated into inclusion bodies requiring urea treatment for solubilization. Purification to homogeneity was subsequently performed on a DEAE-cellulose column and by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purification scheme allowed the isolation of 5.3 mg of homogeneous desaturase protein from 100 ml of E. coli cell suspension. On SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis an apparent molecular mass of 56.2 kDa was determined. An antiserum raised against phytoene desaturase cross-reacted with the expressed protein and was employed to monitor the isolation steps. Upon removal of urea, desaturase activity was restored. The isolated desaturase catalyzed the conversion of 15-cis-phytoene to trans-lycopene as well as to bisdehydrolycopene. FAD was involved in desaturation, whereas NAD and NADP were inhibitory. This is the first time that a membrane-integrated carotenogenic enzyme has been purified and finally obtained in an active state.
IBM Service Management architecture (2007)

In this paper we describe the IBM Service Management (ISM) architecture, a service-oriented architecture designed to automate and simplify the management of business services. We describe the four major components of ISM: portal-based user interfaces, a process layer that includes the process runtime and service management solutions, an information layer that includes a configuration management database, and operational management products and their integration with service management processes. We describe the way in which the service management solutions are based on industry best practices, and in particular ITIL® (Information Technology Infrastructure Library®). We discuss our experiences implementing ISM and conclude with ideas for future work, including how ISM lays out the groundwork for the future implementation of autonomic functions.
Ethics and in-vitro fertilisation (1982)

sensitivity.Furthermore, it has already been shown to be an effective drug in the therapy of nodular acne3 and might therefore also be a means of investigating inflammatory pathways in skin disease.In dermatology there would therefore seem to be a case for this drug to be available at least on a research basis, and further work on its molecule would be highly desirable.Hysterical banning is as un- desirable as hysterical advertising.
Evaluation of group-specific, 16S rRNA-targeted scissor probes for quantitative detection of predominant bacterial populations in dairy cattle rumen (2007)

The probe set developed in this study provides a tool for comprehensive rRNA-based monitoring of the community members that dominate ruminal ecosystems. As the ruminal microbial community can be perturbed, it is important to track its dynamics by analysing microbiological profiles under specific conditions. The method described here will provide a convenient approach for such tracking.
E-Gesture (2011)

Gesture is a promising mobile User Interface modality that enables eyes-free interaction without stopping or impeding movement. In this paper, we present the design, implementation, and evaluation of E-Gesture, an energy-efficient gesture recognition system using a hand-worn sensor device and a smartphone. E-gesture employs a novel gesture recognition architecture carefully crafted by studying sporadic occurrence patterns of gestures in continuous sensor data streams and analyzing the energy consumption characteristics of both sensors and smartphones. We developed a closed-loop collaborative segmentation architecture, that can (1) be implemented in resource-scarce sensor devices, (2) adaptively turn off power-hungry motion sensors without compromising recognition accuracy, and (3) reduce false segmentations generated from dynamic changes of body movement. We also developed a mobile gesture classification architecture for smartphones that enables HMM-based classification models to better fit multiple mobility situations.
Electrical detection of biomaterials using AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (2008)

Chemical sensors can be used to analyze a wide variety of environmental and biological gases and liquids and may need to be able to selectively detect a target analyte. Different methods, including gas chromatography, chemiluminescence, selected ion flow tube, and mass spectroscopy, have been used to measure biomarkers. These methods show variable results in terms of sensitivity for some applications and may not meet the requirements for a handheld biosensor. A promising sensing technology utilizes AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). HEMT structures have been developed for use in microwave power amplifiers due to their high two dimensional electron gas (2DEG) mobility and saturation velocity. The conducting 2DEG channel of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs is very close to the surface and extremely sensitive to adsorption of analytes. HEMT sensors can be used for detecting gases, ions, pH values, proteins, and DNA. In this paper we review recent progress on functionalizing the surface of HEMTs for specific detection of glucose, kidney marker injury molecules, prostate cancer, and other common substances of interest in the biomedical field.
Anharmonic phonon frequency shift in MgB2 (2003)

We compute the anharmonic shift of the phonon frequencies in MgB2, using density functional theory. We explicitly take into account the scattering between different phonon modes at different q-points in the Brillouin zone. The shift of the E2g mode at the Gamma point is +5 % of the harmonic frequency. This result comes from the cancellation between the contributions of the four- and three-phonon scattering, respectively +10 % and -5 %. A similar shift is predicted at the A point, in agreement with inelastic X-ray scattering phonon-dispersion measurements. A smaller shift is observed at the M point.
Synthesis and applications of heterobifunctional poly(ethylene oxide) oligomers (2007)

Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) oligomers are employed extensively in pharmaceutical and biomedical arenas mainly due to their excellent physical and biological properties, including solubility in water and organic solvents, lack of toxicity, and absence of immunogenicity. PEO can be chemically modified and reacted with, or adsorbed onto, other molecules and surfaces. Sophisticated applications for PEO have increased the demand for PEO oligomers with tailored functionalities, and heterobifunctional PEOs are often needed. This review discusses the synthesis and applications of heterobifunctional PEO oligomers possessing amine, carboxylate, thiol, and maleimide functional groups.
Bede, Wearmouth-Jarrow and Sacred Space (2014)

Monasteries by their nature are environments of great sanctity and faith. They are areas which separate themselves from the secular realm in service to God. They are, in many ways, holy sites. In the early Anglo-Saxon church great effort was made to create monasteries that were sacred areas, separate from lay society. This was a concern for Bede (d. 735), the great Christian writer and historian. This article considers how Bede's own monastic surroundings were transformed into a sacred space, and how it assumed the figurative mantle of distant Rome. Reference will also be made to concepts of place, space and monastic topography.
Rail extraction for driver support in railways (2011)

Rail extraction is one of the basic tasks for video-based driver support in railways, being used, for example, to determine regions of interest for detecting obstacles and signs. In this paper, we introduce an approach that performs rail extraction by matching edge features to candidate rail patterns modeled as sequences of parabola segments. Patterns are precomputed for areas near the camera and generated on the fly for more distant regions. The proposed approach addresses the challenges posed by the open and complex environment, such as bad visibility, shadows, motion blur, clutter, occlusion, and confusing structures. Moreover, it does not require explicit knowledge about train speed or camera position, running fast enough for practical use without specialized hardware. The feasibility of the proposed approach was verified in experiments using videos captured under real operation conditions.
A high-level synthesis flow for custom instruction set extensions for application-specific processors (2010)

Custom instruction set extensions (ISEs) are added to an extensible base processor to provide application-specific functionality at a low cost. As only one ISE executes at a time, resources can be shared. This paper presents a new high-level synthesis flow targeting ISEs. We emphasize a new technique for resource allocation, binding, and port assignment during synthesis. Our method is derived from prior work on datapath merging, and increases area reduction by accounting for the cost of multiplexors that must be inserted into the resulting datapath to achieve multi-operational functionality.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastrojejunostomy with a lumen-apposing metal stent: a multicenter, international experience (2016)

<b>Background: </b>Surgical gastrojejunostomy and enteral self-expanding metal stents are efficacious for the management of gastric outlet obstruction but limited by high complication rates and short-term efficacy. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastrojejunostomy (EUS-GJ) is a novel alternative option. <b>Patients and methods: </b>Patients who underwent EUS-GJ between March 2014 and September 2015 as part of a prospective multicenter registry at four academic centers in two countries were included. Technical success was defined as successful placement of a gastrojejunal lumen-apposing metal stent. Clinical success was defined as the ability of the patient to tolerate an oral diet. Post-procedural adverse events were recorded. <b>Results: </b>The study included 26 patients, of whom 11 (42 %) were male. Technical success was achieved in 24 patients (92 %). Clinical success was achieved in 22 patients (85 %). Of the 4 patients in whom clinical success was not achieved, 2 had persistent nausea and vomiting despite a patent EUS-GJ and required enteral feeding for nutrition, 1 died before the initiation of an oral diet, and 1 underwent surgery for suspected perforation. Adverse events, including peritonitis, bleeding, and surgery, occurred in 3 patients (11.5 %). <b>Conclusion: </b>EUS-GJ is an emerging procedure that has efficacy and safety comparable with those of current therapies and should hold a place as a new minimally invasive option for patients with gastric outlet obstruction. Clinical trial identification number: NCT01522573
Low-Power Heterogeneous Graphene Nanoribbon-CMOS Multistate Volatile Memory Circuit (2015)

Graphene is an emerging nanomaterial believed to be a potential candidate for post-Si nanoelectronics due to its exotic properties. Recently, a new graphene nanoribbon crossbar (xGNR) device was proposed which exhibits negative differential resistance (NDR). In this article, a multistate memory design is presented that can store multiple bits in a single cell enabled by this xGNR device, called graphene nanoribbon tunneling random access memory (GNTRAM). An approach to increase the number of bits per cell is explored alternative to physical scaling to overcome CMOS SRAM limitations. A comprehensive design for quaternary GNTRAM is presented as a baseline, implemented with a heterogeneous integration between graphene and CMOS. Sources of leakage and approaches to mitigate them are investigated. This design is extensively benchmarked against 16nm CMOS SRAMs and 3T DRAM. The proposed quaternary cell shows up to 2.27× density benefit versus 16nm CMOS SRAMs and 1.8× versus 3T DRAM. It has comparable read performance and is power efficient up to 1.32× during active period and 818× during standby against high-performance SRAMs. Multistate GNTRAM has the potential to realize high-density low-power nanoscale embedded memories. Further improvements may be possible by using graphene more extensively, as graphene transistors become available in the future.