gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polyarylene Networks via Bergman Cyclopolymerization of Bis‐<i>ortho</i>‐diynyl Arenes (2007)

Abstract Bis‐ ortho ‐diynylarene (BODA) monomers, prepared from common bisphenols in three high yielding steps, undergo free‐radical‐mediated thermal polymerization via an initial Bergman cyclo‐rearrangement. Polymerization is carried out at 210 °C in solution or neat with large pre‐vitrification melt windows (4–5 h) to form branched oligomers containing reactive pendant and terminal aryldiynes. Melt‐ and solution‐processable oligomers with weight‐average molecular weight M w = 3000–24 000 g mol –1 can be coated as a thin film or molded using soft lithography techniques. Subsequent curing to 450 °C affords network polymers with no detectable glass transition temperatures below 400 °C and thermal stability ranging from 0.5–1.5 % h –1 isothermal weight loss measured at 450 °C under nitrogen. Heating to 900–1000 °C gives semiconductive glassy carbon in high yield. BODA monomer synthesis, network characterization and kinetics, processability, thin‐film photoluminescence, and thermal properties are described.
Optical design of liquid crystal display backlighting with highly scattering optical transmission polymer (2003)

We have developed a highly scattering optical transmission (HSOT) polymer, and have succeeded in applying it to a highly efficient backlight light guide in liquid crystal displays (LCDs). In the present work, a multiple scattering modelling simulation has been developed. Also the effects of adjacent particles inside the HSOT polymer are demonstrated. The numerical calculation, improved by taking account of the adjacent particles, has precisely reproduced the multiple scattering phenomena inside the HSOT polymer. Based upon the results of the multiple scattering analysis, an optimal design has been developed and applied to an LCD backlighting system. By altering the internal particle conditions, uniformity of colour and brightness on the top face of the backlight has been achieved.
Hálózatba csatolt social network számláló egység (2018)

Modern világunkban az információ gyors áramlása elengedhetetlen a vállalatok számára. Egyre több embernek jelent sokat a népszerűség. Számos cég és vállalat indított web lapot vagy csatornát a közösségi oldalakon, ismeretterjesztő, oktatási, kutatási vagy jobb kommunikáció céljából. A fentiek figyelembe vétele mellett került megtervezésre, egy hálózatba csatolt „Social Network” számláló, melynek révén aktuális értéket kaphatunk az éppen feliratkozott követők számáról. Az eszköz automatikusan frissíti az aktuális követők, feliratkozók számát, így mindig a friss adatokat mutatja.
Longitudinal spin-Seebeck effect in sintered polycrystalline (Mn,Zn)Fe2O4 (2010)

This paper reports that the longitudinal spin-Seebeck effect appears even in a sintered polycrystalline Mn-Zn ferrite [(Mn,Zn)Fe2O4] slab. The effect drives a spin current flowing across an interface between the (Mn,Zn)Fe2O4 slab and an attached Pt film along a temperature gradient and it generates electric voltage via the inverse spin-Hall effect in the Pt film. Since the observed phenomenon enables thermal generation of electric voltage from commonly used polycrystalline insulators, it can be used as a versatile and low-cost thermoelectric generator.
Class E RF tuned power amplifiers in CMOS technologies: theory and circuit design considerations (2004)

The article introduces several configurations of class E power amplifiers in CMOS technologies. Each configuration, however, alleviates some problems in the design of class E power amplifiers. The two-stage class E power amplifier reveals the design technique for the driving stage, which provides a more efficient driving signal in terms of class E operation. The complementary configuration takes advantage of the symmetrical circuit topology, which allows much lower total harmonic distortion in the output signal. The power-adaptive technique based on high-Q varactors gives a more feasible and effective approach to achieving the function of output power control for switching-mode power amplifiers. An approach to implement linear power amplification using switching mode power amplifiers is also introduced that can achieve linear amplification while still keeping high power efficiency and output power.
Detection of ovarian cancer by elevated urinary levels of Bcl-2 (2006)

2418 Ovarian cancer has the highest mortality among gynecological cancers. The lack of early symptoms and the absence of a reliable screening test to detect ovarian cancer result in over 70% of women being diagnosed after the disease has spread beyond the ovary so that the prognosis is poor (5-year survival is no better than 37%). Deregulation of apoptosis due to overexpression of anti-apoptotic proteins contributes to the malignant phenotype by supporting cancer cell growth and therapeutic resistance. To assess whether urinary levels of the anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl-2, could be used to detect ovarian cancer, urine was collected from normal healthy volunteers (N=18), patients with benign gynecologic disease (N=38) and patients with ovarian cancer (N=35) and measured for Bcl-2 by ELISA (mean ng/ml ± S.E.). The average amount of Bcl-2 in the urine of cancer patients was > 2 ng/ml and generally at least 10X greater than healthy controls or patients with benign disease (p 35 U/ml only identified 68% of ovarian cancer patients. Urinary levels of Bcl-2 decreased up to 100% in ovarian cancer patients following debulking surgery and remained low during chemotherapy, but increased significantly with recurrence of disease. Comparison of clinical parameters indicated that urinary levels of Bcl-2 correlated well with tumor stage and grade. However, urinary levels of Bcl-2 were not related to patient age or tumor size. Therefore, quantification of urinary Bcl-2 by ELISA-based assay appears to provide a safe, sensitive, specific and economical method to detect ovarian cancer, to monitor ovarian cancer throughout the course of disease and, possibly, to predict therapeutic and prognostic outcome. Clearly, the robust performance of urinary Bcl-2 as a marker of ovarian cancer warrants further investigation.
RF SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS FOR JLAB’S MEIC COLLIDER RING (2013)

The Medium-energy Electron Ion Collider (MEIC), proposed by Jefferson Lab, consists of a series of accelerators. At the top energy are the electron and ion collider rings. For the ion ring, it accelerates five long ion bunches to colliding energy and rebunches ions into a train of very short bunches before colliding. A set of low frequency RF system is needed for the long ion bunch energy ramping. Another set of high frequency RF cavities is needed to rebunch ions. For the electron ring, superconducting RF (SRF) cavities are needed to compensate the synchrotron radiation energy loss. The impedance of the SRF cavities must be low enough to keep the high current electron beam stable. The preliminary design requirements of these RF cavities are presented.
Blockchain-Based Smart Contract Access Control System (2019)

Research has shown that smart contracts have become a significant and promising technology. However, the lack of mature and stable security mechanism, such as access control, makes smart contracts quite vulnerable. To mitigate this problem, we present an attributed-based access control system based on blockchain by building a hierarchical management mechanism of contract administrator and contract owner. After combining blockchain inherent synchronization function with our designed system-level smart contract, all peers can easily get access control rules timely. Moreover, we modify the original smart contract finite state machine to prevent malicious modification on the rules through system contract. In our evaluation, the system only introduces 2%-5% additional cost with assured security on Hyperledger.
Anaphylaxis to polyvinylpyrrolidone in an analgesic preparation (2000)

A 32-year-old patient developed an anaphylactic reaction minutes after oral intake of acetaminophen-containing tablets (Doregrippin)). Scratch testing of the whole preparation was positive in contrast with the negative results obtained with pure acetaminophen. Therefore, scratch tests with the remaining drug components were performed and showed polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) to be the aetiological agent. Furthermore, specific IgE antibodies against PVP were demonstrated using a dot blot technique, thus ruling out a pseudo-allergic reaction. This case underlines the necessity to consider not only the active ingredient, but also additives as the causative agent.
Optical imaging-guided cancer therapy with fluorescent nanoparticles (2009)

The diagnosis and treatment of cancer have been greatly improved with the recent developments in nanotechnology. One of the promising nanoscale tools for cancer diagnosis is fluorescent nanoparticles (NPs), such as organic dye-doped NPs, quantum dots and upconversion NPs that enable highly sensitive optical imaging of cancer at cellular and animal level. Furthermore, the emerging development of novel multi-functional NPs, which can be conjugated with several functional molecules simultaneously including targeting moieties, therapeutic agents and imaging probes, provides new potentials for clinical therapies and diagnostics and undoubtedly will play a critical role in cancer therapy. In this article, we review the types and characteristics of fluorescent NPs, in vitro and in vivo imaging of cancer using fluorescent NPs and multi-functional NPs for imaging-guided cancer therapy.
Biocatalytic synthesis of polymers. III. Formation of a high molecular weight polyester through limitation of hydrolysis by enzyme‐bound water and through equilibrium control (1995)

Abstract Enzyme‐catalyzed preparation of polymers offers several potentially valuable advantages over the usual polymerization procedures and has been studied for several years. A significant limitation on the polyesters prepared to date has been the low molecular weights achieved. The present studies have established that, in the polycondensation of bis(2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl) glutarate with 1,4‐butanediol using porcine pancreatic lipase as the catalyst, this limitation arises from at least two sources: hydrolysis of activated ester end groups by water introduced along with the enzyme and the polymerization's reaching equilibrium despite using the poorly nucleophilic 2,2,2‐trifluoroethanol as the leaving group. Evidence is also developed that the presence of trifluoroethanol accelerates the release of the enzyme‐bound water which hydrolyzes the activated ester end groups. The hydrolysis could be avoided by choosing a relatively high‐boiling solvent, such as bis(2‐ethoxyethyl) ether, then removing the trifluoroethanol by placing the reaction mixture under vacuum periodically or by drying the enzyme rigorously. The vacuum method also removed the limitation on molecular weight resulting from the reaction's reaching equilibrium. A further improvement in the molecular weight to nearly 40,000 daltons, well within the range that is technically interesting, was achieved by using 1,2‐dimethoxybenzene or 1,3‐dimethoxybenzene as the polymerization solvent. © 1995 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Human Natural Killer Receptors and Their Ligands (2001)

Abstract Human Natural Killer Receptors and Their Ligands (Roberto Biassoni and Cristina Bottino, Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy; Claudia Cantoni, Universita degli Studi di Genova, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Alessandro Moretta, Universita degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy). Natural killer (NK) cells are a lymphocyte subpopulation that are important effectors of innate immune responses against infectious pathogens. They are thought to play an important role in host defense, not only against virally infected cells, but also in killing of tumor cells. Recent progress indicates that NK cells express an array of receptors, some of them clonally distributed, able to modulate the natural cytotoxicity. Three NK‐specific activating receptors have been characterized; they belong to a novel receptor family called natural cytotoxicity receptors (NCR) and are represented by NKp46, NKp44, and NKp30. These receptors, upon engagement by their specific ligands, induce a strong activation of NK‐mediated cytotoxic activity. This overview discusses the receptors (both activating and inhibitory) expressed by NK cells and their ligands. Finally, the dysfunction of one of these molecules occurring in a genetically inherited immunodeficiency is discussed.
A Divide-and-Conquer Articulated-Body Algorithm for Parallel O(log(n)) Calculation of Rigid-Body Dynamics. Part 1: Basic Algorithm (1999)

This paper presents a recursive, divide-and-conquer algorithm for calculating the forward dynamics of a robot mechanism, or general rigid-body system, on a parallel computer. It features O(log(n)) time complexity on O(n) processors and is the fastest available algorithm for a computer with a large number of processors and low communications costs. It is an exact, noniterative algorithm and is applicable to mechanisms with any joint type and any topology, including branches and kinematic loops. The algorithm works by recursive application of a formula that constructs the articulatedbody equations of motion of an assembly from those of its constituent parts. The inputs to this formula are the equations of motion of two independent subassemblies, plus a description of how they are to be connected, and the output is the equation of motion of the assembly. Starting with a collection of unconnected rigid bodies, the equations of motion of any rigid-body system can be constructed by repeated application of this formula. This paper, being the first in a two-part series, presents an overview of the new algorithm and a detailed description of the simplest case: unbranched kinematic chains. Details of the general case are presented in Part 2.
Using UMLS Concept Unique Identifiers (CUIs) for word sense disambiguation in the biomedical domain. (2007)

This paper explores the use of Concept Unique Identifiers (CUIs) as assigned by MetaMap as features for a supervised learning approach to word sense disambiguation of biomedical text. We compare the use of CUIs that occur in abstracts containing an instance of the target word with using the CUIs that occur in sentences containing an instance of the target word. We also experiment with frequency cutoffs for determining which CUIs should be included as features. We find that a Naive Bayesian classifier where the features represent CUIs that occur two or more times in abstracts containing the target word attains accuracy 9% greater than Leroy and Rindflesch's approach, which includes features based on semantic types assigned by MetaMap. Our results are comparable to those of Joshi, et. al. and Liu, et. al., who use feature sets that do not contain biomedical information.
The osteotome technique: Part 2--The ridge expansion osteotomy (REO) procedure. (1994)

A method of performing an osteotomy in the maxilla using hand instruments was recently introduced in The Compendium (February 1994). This new procedure is called the osteotome technique. Part of this previous article described a means of placing implants in locations that are too thin to permit the use of standard implant drills. A bone enlargement technique, called the ridge expansion osteotomy (REO), that allows the surgeon to widen the ridge in a routine office procedure was also introduced. This article provides additional details about the REO, including an analysis of the advantages of the REO over other methods of ridge expansion. Clinical cases are presented that show the suitability of the REO for anterior and posterior locations, and the effects of the REO technique on implant angulation and esthetics are discussed.
A Proposed Methodology for Web Development (2000)

The aim of this paper is to examine the domain of World Wide Web site development and propose a methodology to assist with this process. Methodologies have both their proselytizers and those who decry the constraints and rigidity of prescriptive frameworks. The methodology presented here is not intended to be a universal panacea for the problems of web development; rather it is hoped it will provide a useful framework for guiding the process.
Hepatocarcinogenicity of Estragole (1-Allyl-4-methoxybenzene) and 1′-Hydroxyestragole in the Mouse and Mutagenicity of 1′-Acetoxyestragole in Bacteria 2 (1976)

Approximately 20% of a dose of estragole, a naturally occurring flavoring agent, was excreted in the urine of outbred male CD -1 mice as a conjuage (presumably the glucuronide) of 1'-hydroxyestragole, Estragole and its 1'-hydroxy metabolite caused significant increases in the incidences of hepatocellular carcinomas in male CD-1 mice that received the compounds by sc injection at 1-22 days of age. Estragole induced hepatocellular carcinomas by 15 months in 23 and 39% of the mice that received total doses of 4.4 and 5.2 mumoles, respectively, and lived to an age of 12 months or more. Of the 12-month survivors given a total dose of 4.4 mumoles of 1'-hydroxyestragole, 70% developed hepatocellular carcinomas; the incidence in mice that received only the vehicle (trioctanoin) was 12%. Multiple tumors ocurred in 5, 28, 64, and 0%, respectively, of the mice in each of these 4 groups. Of the mice given a total dose of 4.4 mumoles of 1'-hydroxysafrole, 59developed hepatocellular carcinomas; 39% of the mice bore multiple liver tumors. As previsously demonstrated for 1'-acetoxysafrole, 1'-acetoxyestragole and 1'-acetoxy-1-allyl-4-methoxynaphthalene reacted nonenzymatically with guanosine and inosine to form adducts. These electrophilic esters were strongly mutagenic for the Salmonella typhimurium missense mutant TA100. 1'-Acetoxyallybenzene had little or no activity in either of these tests. Attempts to demonstrate liver-mediated mutagenicty for 1'-hydroxysafrole and 1'-hydroxyestragole in the bacterial test system were unsuccessful.
Hydroxyl Free Radical Adduct of Deoxyguanosine: Sensitive Detection and Mechanisms of Formation (1986)

DNA or 2-deoxyguanosine reacts with hydroxyl free radical to form 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG). We found that 8-OH-dG can be effectively separated from deoxyguanosine by high pressure liquid chromatography and very sensitively detected using electrochemical detection. The sensitivity of electrochemical detection is about one-thousand fold enhanced over optical detection. Utilizing deoxyguanosine in bicarbonate buffer it was found that ferrous ion, but not ferric ion, was effective in forming 8-OH-dG. The hydroxyl free radical scavenging agents, thiourea and ethanol, were very effective in quenching Fe(11) mediated 8-OH-dG formation, but superoxide dismutase had very little effect.
Linker-Molecule-Free Gold Nanorod Layer-by-Layer Films for Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (2007)

This paper reports a methodology for synthesizing and ordering gold nanorods into two-dimensional arrays at a water/hexane interface. This preparation method allows the systematic control of the nanoparticle film thickness. An investigation into the thickness-dependent surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) of the adsorbed molecules revealed the nanorod (NR) films to have 1 order of magnitude stronger SERS enhancement than the nanosphere (NS) under similar experimental conditions. The exposed surface areas of the prepared NR and NS films were analyzed using electrochemical methods, and it was found that they had comparable exposed surface areas. Therefore, the order of magnitude difference in the enhancement factor was not due to the differences in surface area but to their intrinsic difference in the optical coupling of each film. The difference was attributed to the high density of junction points with the NR films in comparison with the corresponding NS films. Scanning emission microscopy showed that the NR films have line contacts with each other but the NS films have point contacts, which can explain the difference in SERS intensity between the NR and NS films.
The USTC and iFlytek Speech Synthesis Systems for Blizzard Challenge 2007 (2007)

This paper introduces the speech synthesis systems developed by USTC and iFlytek for Blizzard Challenge 2007. These two systems are both HMM-based ones and employ similar training algorithms, where contextual dependent HMMs for spectrum, F0 and duration are estimated according to the acoustic features and contextual information of training database. However, different synthesis methods are adopted for these two systems. In USTC system, speech parameters are generated directly from these statistical models and parametric synthesizer is used to reconstruct speech waveform. The iFlytek system is a waveform concatenation one, which uses maximum likelihood criterion of statistical models to guide the selection of phone-sized candidate units. Comparing the evaluation results of these two systems in Blizzard Challenge 2007, we find that the parametric synthesis system achieves better performance than unit selection method in intelligibility. On the other hand, the synthesized speech of the unit selection system is more similar to the original speech and more natural especially when the full training set is used. 1.
Identifying Encrypted Malware Traffic with Contextual Flow Data (2016)

Identifying threats contained within encrypted network traffic poses a unique set of challenges. It is important to monitor this traffic for threats and malware, but do so in a way that maintains the integrity of the encryption. Because pattern matching cannot operate on encrypted data, previous approaches have leveraged observable metadata gathered from the flow, e.g., the flow's packet lengths and inter-arrival times. In this work, we extend the current state-of-the-art by considering a data omnia approach. To this end, we develop supervised machine learning models that take advantage of a unique and diverse set of network flow data features. These data features include TLS handshake metadata, DNS contextual flows linked to the encrypted flow, and the HTTP headers of HTTP contextual flows from the same source IP address within a 5 minute window.
Wrapper-Based Framework for Domain-Specific Software Reuse (2006)

Component-based development is a defacto requirement for many competitive IT industries. The implementation of component reuse ranges from the more isolated solution such as creating a new tool or language to the use of current industry standards such as CORBA COM, EJB, and .NET. However, the complexity of managing and maintaining reusable artifacts increases with large systems In the case of standard reuse libraries, more overheard is associated with the management, storage, and retrieval of artifacts. To overcome this problem, this work presents a Wrapper-Based Framework that promotes and facilities the design and development of domain-specific reusable software components. The framework is based on the concept of Atomic Domain methodology that signifies a reusable subsystem, which intelligently manages a collection of highly reusable components in the application domain of interest. This methodology largely reduces cost of component maintenance and the overhead associated with standard reuse libraries. This paper highlights the concept of atomic domains and proposes a wrapper-based framework for domain-specific software reuse. Illustrative atomic domains and a proof of concept functional prototype are also presented to demonstrate the Atomic Domain methodology and the feasibility of this framework.