gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Assessing the prognostic impact of 3D CT image tumour rind texture features on lung cancer survival modelling (2017)

In this paper we examine a technique for developing prognostic image characteristics, termed radiomics, for non-small cell lung cancer based on a tumour edge region-based analysis. Texture features were extracted from the rind of the tumour in a publicly available 3D CT data set to predict two-year survival. The derived models were compared against the previous methods of training radiomic signatures that are descriptive of the whole tumour volume. Radiomic features derived solely from regions external, but neighbouring, the tumour were shown to also have prognostic value. By using additional texture features an increase in accuracy, of 3%, is shown over previous approaches for predicting two-year survival, upon examining the outside rind including the volume compared to the volume without the rind. This indicates that while the centre of the tumour is currently the main clinical target for radiotherapy treatment, the tissue immediately around the tumour is also clinically important.
&lt;title&gt;Laser Growth Of Silicon Ribbon&lt;/title&gt; (1980)

Carbon Dioxide and YAG lasers have been used to establish a narrow molten zone in a pre-formed polycrystalline silicon ribbon. To achieve the narrow melt across the width of the ribbon, the laser is focussed and scanned across the ribbon by means of mirror scanners. Large grained &quot;macrocrystalline&quot; silicon ribbon is then drawn from the molten zone at growth rates up to 12.5 cm/min. Photovoltaic cells fabricated on this material have shown conversion efficiencies up to 11.3%. The actual absorbed laser power which is required for ribbon growth of interest, e.g. .15 mm thick, 7.5 cm wide, 7.5 cm/min. growth velocity, is only a few hundred watts. Unfortunately, the reflectivity of liquid silicon at 10.6 &mu;m is very high (&gt;90%) so that multikilowatt CO2 lasers will be needed. Nd:YAG lasers offer about a five-fold improvement in laser coupling to liquid silicon but this advantage is offset by the lower efficiency and higher operating cost of Nd:YAG lasers. The effective laser coupling to the melt can be essentially doubled by using spherical reflectors to re-image the reflected laser beam back onto the molten zone. The emissivity change which occurs upon melting, while disadvantageous for laser power requirements, is a real benefit for melt zone control since this produces an inherent stabilizing effect.
Spectral retrieval by fuzzy matching (1994)

A. R. Goss and M. J. Adams, Anal. Proc., 1994, 31, 23 DOI: 10.1039/AI9943100023
Millimeter-wave cavity ringdown spectroscopy (2002)

Laser-based cavity ringdown techniques have demonstrated ultrahigh sensitivities for trace gas detection in the optical and infrared wavelength regions. We have investigated the applicability of the cavity ringdown technique in the millimeter wave region, which is rich in the rotational spectra of molecules. The millimeter-wave system uses a tunable Fabry–Perot cavity that is excited by a continuous-wave, phase-locked source at the W band; a fast PIN diode switch that turns off the excitation after the cavity is tuned to resonance; and a diode detector that records the resonance decay. Proof of concept has been established by measuring the ringdown times with absorbing materials in the cavity and comparing them with theoretical prediction.
Collector-up InGaP/GaAs-double heterojunction bipolartransistors with high <i> f <sub>max</sub> </i> (1997)

The first fabrication and RF characterisation of an InGaP/GaAs double heterojunction bipolar transistor in collector-up configuration is reported. Boron implantation is used to avoid electron injection into the extrinsic base regions. The InGaP collector offers fmax = 115 GHz and a high breakdown voltage (BVceo = 27 V).
A coupled hydrodynamic model of the cardiovascular and cerebrospinal fluid system (2012)

Coupling of the cardiovascular and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) system is considered to be important to understand the pathophysiology of cerebrovascular and craniospinal disease and intrathecal drug delivery. A coupled cardiovascular and CSF system model was designed to examine the relation of spinal cord (SC) blood flow (SCBF) and CSF pulsations along the spinal subarachnoid space (SSS). A one-dimensional (1-D) cardiovascular tree model was constructed including a simplified SC arterial network. Connection between the cardiovascular and CSF system was accomplished by a transfer function based on in vivo measurements of CSF and cerebral blood flow. A 1-D tube model of the SSS was constructed based on in vivo measurements in the literature. Pressure and flow throughout the cardiovascular and CSF system were determined for different values of craniospinal compliance. SCBF results indicated that the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar SC each had a signature waveform shape. The cerebral blood flow to CSF transfer function reproduced an in vivo-like CSF flow waveform. The 1-D tube model of the SSS resulted in a distribution of CSF pressure and flow and a wave speed that were similar to those in vivo. The SCBF to CSF pulse delay was found to vary a great degree along the spine depending on craniospinal compliance and vascular anatomy. The properties and anatomy of the SC arterial network and SSS were found to have an important impact on pressure and flow and perivascular fluid movement to the SC. Overall, the coupled model provides predictions about the flow and pressure environment in the SC and SSS. More detailed measurements are needed to fully validate the model.
Breath Analysis of Respiratory Flow using Tracheal Sounds (2007)

While lung sounds intensity is significantly different during inspiratory and expiratory phases, such difference is not audible between the two respiratory phases when listening to tracheal breath sounds. In this study we investigated whether any difference exists between the average power and log-variance of the band-pass filtered tracheal breath sound between the respiratory phases. We used data from 9 healthy subjects without any pulmonary diseases at 4 different flow rates (low, medium, high and very high) and compared the two features at six different frequency ranges from 70 to 1200Hz. The most pronounced differences between the two respiratory phases were found in the 300-450Hz and 800-1000Hz for the average power and log-variance, respectively.
Via and return path discontinuity impact on high speed digital signal quality (2002)

With the increase in digital signal bus speeds and fast rise time signals, small discontinuities like via and nonnormal return path on a bus are becoming more important factors for signal quality and timing. A long via has higher input impedance than normal trace transmission lines due to high inductance and low capacitance. Return path discontinuity (RPD) also produces impedance discontinuity due to local return inductance and capacitance changes. This paper discusses the effect of series via and parallel via coupling on signal quality and skew and analyzes the effect of signal trace referring power plane-RPD on signal quality and skew. A few recommendations reducing via and RPD discontinuities are given.
Speed‐of‐sound compensated photoacoustic tomography for accurate imaging (2012)

It is first confirmed that it is important to take SOS inhomogeneities into account in high resolution PA tomography. The iterative reconstruction algorithms, that model acoustic refractive effects, in reconstructing SOS distributions, and subsequently using these distributions to correct PA tomograms, yield artifact-free highly accurate images. The approach of using the hybrid measurement method and the new reconstruction algorithms is successful in substantially improving the quality of PA images with a minimization of blurring and artifacts.
Higher Order Modulation IR-UWB Signals for Short-Range Communications (2006)

High data-rate applications can be foreseen for future ultra-wideband systems in the areas of internet access, multimedia services, wireless interfaces and location-aware services. Since it is particularly important to design low cost and low power devices, a growing attention will be devoted to the UWB systems with high spectral efficiency. In this paper, higher order modulation schemes are derived for Impulse Radio (IR) systems. The original signalling schemes provide a higher spectral efficiency and permit higher data-rate applications: though the IR systems are based on the use of baseband signals, the introduction of a proper orthogonal basis permits to derive higher order constellations as a linear combination of the elements of the basis with no additional bandwidth. Therefore, the increase of the spectral efficiency also permits to have a higher system throughput.
Pipelined Architecture Design of H.264/AVC CABAC Real-Time Decoding (2008)

This paper proposes a high performance 4-stage pipelined VLSI architecture of H.264/AVC CABAC decoder based on four sequential memory accesses. Through adoption of several speeding techniques such as redundant circuit and forwarding to eliminate the pipeline hazards, the parallelism among the interrelated decoding process has been fully exploited and the pipeline stalls are avoided. Additionally, by exploring parallelism in bypass mode, the proposed design decodes two successive bins in each cycle. Experimental result shows that the proposed architecture can achieve the throughput of more than 1 bin/cycle which meets the real time decoding requirement of HD1080i (1920x1088) video.
Realizing Ultrahigh Modulus and High Strength of Macroscopic Graphene Oxide Papers Through Crosslinking of Mussel‐Inspired Polymers (2013)

Covalently crosslinked graphene oxide papers (GOPs) with enhanced mechanical properties are prepared by a strategy involving crosslinking by means of intercalated polymers. The strength and modulus of the crosslinked GOPs increase by 115% and 550%, respectively, compared to the pristine GOPs. These results broaden the potential applications of graphene, and the crosslinking strategy will open the door to the assembly of other nanometer-scale materials.
Distributed prefetching scheme for random seek support in peer-to-peer streaming applications (2005)

Through analysis of large volume of user behavior logs during playing multimedia streaming, we extract a user viewing pattern. The pattern indicates that random seek is a pervasive phenomenon, contrary to the common assumptions that users would watch a video session sequentially and passively in most works on peer-to-peer streaming. We propose to use efficient prefetching to facilitate the random seek functionality. Because of the statistical nature of the user viewing pattern and the ignorance of the users to the content, we argue that the pattern should be used as a guidance to the random seek. Based on the pattern, we set up an analogy between the optimization problem of minimizing the seeking distance and the optimal scalar quantization problem. We then propose an optimal prefetching scheduling algorithm based on the optimal scalar quantization theory. We further propose a hierarchical prefetching scheme to carry out the prefetching more effectively. Real user viewing logs are used to drive the simulations which demonstrate that the proposed prefetching scheduling algorithm and the hierarchical prefetching scheme can improve the seeking performance significantly.
Ultra-high power RWG laser diodes with lateral absorber region (2003)

We have developed a ridge waveguide (RWG) design allowing the realization of laser diodes with maximum kink-free light output power of up to 900 mW. The design idea is focusing on the introduction of additional optical losses for higher order modes, whereas the zero order modes experiences only minor influences.
Inertia: A new force field for geometric active contour (2008)

A new force field for geometric active contour, called inertia, is proposed in this paper. Based on analyzing the evolution process of geometric active contour and constructing extension velocities in level set method, it is found that geometric active contour can inherit its evolution velocities at the previous time step and has a tendency to keep its original movement state through integrating inertia force field into it. As an useful complementarity to the force field family for geometric active contour, inertia force can be integrated with other force fields to compose the coupling force field. Experimental results with several test images reveal that, compared with geodesic active contour integrated with gradient vector flow, geodesic active contour integrated with inertia and gradient vector flow, can enter into long, thin indention of the objects' edge.
N-Terminal Pro Atrial Natriuretic Peptide in Human Plasma (1990)

N-Terminal pro ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide) in human plasma has been measured by radioimmunoassay after extraction on Sep-Pak cartridges. Immunoreactive N-terminal pro ANP circulates in human plasma at higher levels than alpha-hANP (approximately 20-fold higher in normal subjects) and was elevated in patients with essential hypertension, cardiac transplantation and patients with chronic renal failure. In chronic renal failure patients undergoing hemodialysis, C-terminal ANP (ANP 99-126), but not N-terminal ANP, declined significantly after dialysis. Gel filtration experiments demonstrated a single peak of N-terminal ANP immunoreactivity, eluting in parallel with synthetic human pro ANP 1-67, indicating a similar molecular size and the absence of low molecular weight N-terminal fragments.
Reactivity of the Methylene Group and cleavage of S‐alkyl groups in 1‐alkylmercapto‐3(4H)‐isoquinolone derivatives (1971)

Abstract Treatment of 2a‐thiohomophthalimide 1a and 4‐phenylthiohomophthalimide 1b with alkyl halides gave the products 2a – e . By further alkylation of 2a, d the corresponding ethers 3a – h were obtained. When 2a, c were treated with aryl diazonium chloride, the red azo compounds 4a – f were separated. Also 2a – c were found to react with aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes to give the bis‐compounds 8a – c and 9a – f respectively. The S‐alkyl group present in the aryl azo derivatives 4 was found to be cleaved by treating them independently with phenyl hydrazine, hydroxylamine and primary aromatic amines to give compounds 10, 11 and 12 respectively.
Mechanism for Stabilization of Fish Actomyosin by Sodium Lactate (1996)

The mechanism for stabilization of actomyosin (AM) by sodium lactate (SL) was studied by comparing physical properties (viscosity, density, surface tension, and water activity) of SL and sucrose solutions. Relatively high intrinsic viscosity [η] and Huggins factor (k‘) values showed SL is an effective water structure-maker. Thermal aggregation studies showed that AM stability increased up to 15% SL; higher concentrations of SL destabilized the AM. Surface tension and water activity measurements indicated that the transition from stabilization to destabilization and from increasing to decreasing surface tension coincided with a change in molecular species in the SL solutions. The decrease in surface tension (and AM stability) with increasing SL concentration above the optimum is presented to be due to formation of the lactate dimer lactoyl lactate. This molecule is amphiphilic and would be expected to preferentially absorb at an interface (with for example air or protein) and thus lower surface tension. Keywords: Fish; protein; aggregation; amphiphilic; surface tension; water activity.
The 1994 Quebec Provincial Elections: Party Realignment, Independence Referendum, or More of the Same (1994)

La mesure dans laquelle les elections provinciales de 1994 au Quebec represente une rupture serieuse avec le passe, un realignement reel de lelectorat, et serait un indicateur du soutien croissant en faveur d'une transformation en profondeur du systeme, constitue le point essentiel de l'analyse de cet article. Les resultats qui y sont presentes demontrent qu'il ne semble pas y avoir eu au Quebec de coupure importante par rapport au comportement electoral precedent.
Multiband Antennas for SDR Applications (2009)

We present multiband antennas configurations for SDR applications. Using a composite folded dipole structure as starting point, we derived more complex antenna configurations to support multiple communication protocols for mobile application with linear and circular polarizations. Prototypes as single antenna with circular polarization, tunable single antenna with PIN diode and MIMO systems with three and four antennas, all derivatives of the same basic structure, were produced in an iterative fashion until the desired parameters were achieved. These antennas are suitable for microstrip circuit realizations and can be included in the printed circuit board (PCB) of the device, or used as stand alone. The shapes and measurement results are presented throughout the paper. From the illustrated graphs it can be seen that the stand-alone antennas exhibit positive gain for all the frequency bands of interest while the separation between antennas, for the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) case, is better than 15 dB.
An Expedient and Efficient Synthesis of Naturally Occurring Hydroxy Substituted Anthraquinones (1994)

A general method for the synthesis of naturally occurring anthraquinones in high yield via Diels-Alder reaction is reported.
Authentication method with impersonal token cards (2002)

The authors describe a novel authentication method whereby the fixed relationship between the user and the device is avoided. They present a method whereby the authentication device, which is a token card, is used solely to provide a secure channel between a human user and an authentication server. Since the communication channel is secured by the card, the user can still utilize weak secrets such as passwords and personal identification numbers for authentication purposes, but, without any risk of exposure. Furthermore, the card's and the user's secrets are mutually independent, i.e., the card is impersonal, it can be freely shared by several users. This eliminates the high cost of administration which is typical of existing designs requiring fixed user-device relationship. The method does not require any coupling between the token card and the workstation, which would be difficult to implement on a global scale and retrofit onto existing equipment.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A topological approach of path planning for autonomous robot navigation in dynamic environments (2009)

This paper proposes a novel approach, Simultaneous Path Planning and Topological Mapping (SP <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ATM), to address the problem of path planning by registering the topology of the perceived dynamic environment as opposed to the conventional grid representation. The local topology is encoded, concurrent and incremental with path planning, by extracting only the admissible free space. The resulting Admissible Space Topological Map (ASTM) then serves as the minimum information to facilitate path planning in the 3D configuration space. Experimental results obtained from our mobile robot X1 in a complex planar environment, validates completeness and optimality of the algorithm.
Signal integrity optimization of high-speed VLSI packages and interconnects (2002)

Signal integrity of high-speed VLSI packages and interconnects is becoming one of the critical issues in an overall system design as the operating frequency in electronic systems such as computers and digital communication systems is going higher and higher. In recent years, research into the VLSI package and interconnect optimization problems has been very active, and important progress has been made. This paper presents the review of recent development in signal integrity oriented optimization of VLSI packages and interconnects. Advanced optimization techniques are also presented with emphasis on large scale optimization and space mapping, a new concept linking engineering models of different types and levels of complexity.
Honeypot-based forensics (2004)

Some attacks on honeypots are very frequent and repetitive. In addition, such repetitive attacks generate a very large amount of data. In this paper, we show that it might be misleading to consider general statistics obtained on these data without carrying an in depth analysis of the various processes that have led to their creation. We show that such analysis can be done by means of a simple clustering approach. We present an algorithm to characterize the root causes of these attacks. This algorithm enables us to obtain precious and non trivial information to identify the various attacks targeting our environment. We use this algorithm to identify root causes of the data collected from our honeypot environment. We demonstrate that identifying the root causes is a prerequisite for a better understanding of malicious activity observed thanks to honeypots environments. Finally, we hope this work will open new avenues for the ongoing work related to honeynets. Keywords: Log analysis, attack forensics, alert correlation, quantitative risk assessment, honeypots, root
Parse tree n-grams for spoken language modelling (1993)

A method is described for modelling natural language for speech recognition. Its aim is to incorporate the advantages of two previous types of approach; the statistical approach and the formal linguistic approach. The n-gram model (J.K. Baker, 1975), is a statistical model based on corpus data, and is used to estimate the probability of an unseen sequence of words based on this data. A phrase structure grammar is an example of a formal language model which is a representation of a priori linguistic knowledge. Such models can provide a structure, called a parse tree, for a sequence of words. The approach described is to apply n-grams to parse trees. In this way the dependence on a predefined set of grammar rules is avoided, but the advantage of a structural analysis is retained. The main practical difficulty with this approach is that conventionally an n-gram model is used to estimate the probability of a sequence of words, whereas a parse tree is a two dimensional structure. This problem applies both to the training phase, where transition probabilities are estimated, and to the recognition phase, where the probability of a sequence of words is calculated from these transition probabilities. >
Polymerization of vinyl monomers by alkali metal–thiobenzophenone complexes (1970)

Abstract The polymerization of vinyl monomers by use of alkali metal (Li, Na, K)–thiobenzophenone complexes was studied. Monoalkali metal complexes of thiobenzophenone (thioketyls) induced the polymerization of vinyl monomers such as acrylonitrile (AN) and methyl methacrylate (MMA), and dialkali metal complexes of thiobenzophenone (dianion) induced the polymerization of styrene (St), butadiene (Bd), and isoprene (Ip) as well as AN and MMA. The polymerization of MMA with the dianion was initiated by both the mercaptide and the carbanion of the dianion, but that of styrene was initiated by the carbanion alone. In the case of polymerization of MMA by the thioketyl, the initial rate of polymerization depended on the catalyst concentration and the square of the monomer concentration. Similar results were obtained in the case of the dianion. The polymer yield increased with increasng polarity of sovents. In the copolymerization of AN with MMA, the copolymer obtained consisted almost of AN units. From these results, it was concluded that the polymerization proceeded by anionic mechanisms.