gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between Growth Enhancement and pet Expression in Escherichia coli (1996)

The pet operon consists of genes coding for enzymes responsible for ethanol production and consists of pyruvate dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenase II from the high-performance ethanologen Zymomonas mobilis. This article describes the physiological influence of pet expression in Escherichia coli B (ATCC 11303) in terms of growth rate and overall concentrations of cell mass and catabolic end products achieved under well-defined cultivation conditions that included constant pH and carbon (energy) limitation. Glucose, mannose, and xylose were used as substrates, because they represent the principal fermentable components of lignocellulosic biomass and because fermentation of these sugars involves different metabolic pathways. Two different types of ethanologenic recombinants were used-a strain in which pet expression was via a multicopy plasmid (pLO1297) and a chromosomal integrant, strain KO11. Under the condition of sugar substrate limitation, there was no growth enhancement by pet expression with either glucose or mannose. Whereas the host strain produced exclusively lactic acid from glucose and mannose, both recombinants produced mostly ethanol. Both the plasmid-carrying strain and the pet integrant exhibited slower growth compared to the host culture with glucose or mannose as fermentation substrate. With mannose, the plasmid recombinant grew appreciably slower than either the host culture or the recombinant KO11. Use of a magnesium-deficient medium produced different results with glucose since substrate and turbidometric measurements proved to be unreliable in terms of estimating overall biomass levels. At pH 6.3, pet expression improved overall biomass yield; but at pH 7.0, the cell yields exhibited by the plasmid recombinant and the host strain were the same. E. coli B did not grow well on xylose as sole carbon source. With xylose, pet expression increased the growth rate, but had no effect on the overall biomass yield. In comparing our observations with the reports of others, it was concluded that the effect of pet expression on growth of E.coli is dependent on several different biochemical, physiological, genetic, and environmental factors, which largely precludes a statement of generality regarding this phenomenon.
Growth and characterisation of terrace graded virtual substrates with Si[subscript 1-x]Ge[subscript x] 0.15 ≤ x ≤ 1. (2005)

Growth of terrace graded virtual substrates, pioneered by Capewell (2002), has been conducted utilising solid-source molecular beam epitaxy (SS-MBE) to produce structures of higher germanium composition (up to pure germanium) and greater thickness (up to 20 μm) than previously investigated. Terrace grading offers a number of advantages over more conventional grading techniques which include the reduction of surface threading dislocation density, reduction of surface roughness and the possibility of the complete elimination of threading dislocation pile-up. The closely spaced pile-up of threading dislocations is believed to have a significant impact on the electrical properties of processed devices, and its elimination is a key goal in this work.&#13;\n&#13;\nNumerous terrace graded virtual substrate compositions have been grown and characterised during the course of this work and, where appropriate, comparison made with more conventional structures. The complete elimination of threading dislocation pile-up has been demonstrated at compositions of 30% and 40%, with a reduced threading dislocation density in comparison to equivalent liner graded structures. A major reduction in threading dislocation density has been accomplished though post growth ex-situ annealing at 900°c for an extend period of time, though the exact mechanism remains uncertain. The possible role of surface precipitates enabling reduction of dislocation pile-up and/or density is considered along with the effects of unwanted particulate contamination during growth.
&lt;title&gt;Laser method for marking bar codes on glass substrates&lt;/title&gt; (2000)

A method that uses a Nd:YAG laser was developed to mark bar codes on glass substrates. In this method, bar codes are created by a combination of laser deposition and laser trimming; a film for the black bars of the bar code is deposited on the glass substrate, and part of the deposited film is trimmed to expose the white bars of the code. The resulting bar code has high contrast and high resolution. The measured transmission coefficient of the black bars was 2%. When the transmission coefficient was less than 70%, the bar codes were identified at an acceptable level, i.e. the code identification rate was at least 70%, with an average of 91%. The bar code was impossible to identify when the transmission coefficient was 78%. The laser power tolerance of the film deposition for code identification was about (formula available in paper)at optimum laser power.
Effects of Oxide Coating and Selected Cations on Nitrate Reduction by Iron Metal (2003)

Under anoxic conditions, zerovalent iron (Fe(0)) reduces nitrate to ammonium and magnetite (Fe3O4) is produced at near-neutral pH. Nitrate removal was most rapid at low pH (2-4); however, the formation of a black oxide film at pH 5 to 8 temporarily halted or slowed the reaction unless the system was augmented with Fe(2+), Cu(2+), or Al(3+). Bathing the corroding Fe(0) in a Fe(2+) solution greatly enhanced nitrate reduction at near-neutral pH and coincided with the formation of a black precipitate. X-ray diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy confirmed that both the black precipitate and black oxide coating on the iron surface were magnetite. In this system, ferrous iron was determined to be a partial contributor to nitrate removal, but nitrate reduction was not observed in the absence of Fe(0). Nitrate removal was also enhanced by augmenting the Fe(0)-H2O system with Fe(3+), Cu(2+), or Al(3+) but not Ca(2+), Mg(2+), or Zn(2+). Our research indicates that a magnetite coating is not a hindrance to nitrate reduction by Fe(0), provided sufficient aqueous Fe(2+) is present in the system.
Examining the Psychometric Properties of the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire (2002)

The purpose of this study was to examine select psychometric properties of the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire (BREQ; Mullen, Markland, & Ingledew, 1997). To accomplish this aim, data were gathered in 2 phases to evaluate the BREQ's factorial composition and structure and the relation between the BREQ, need satisfaction, exercise behavior, and relevant motivational constructs. Participants completed measures assessing psychological need satisfaction, optimism, perceived behavioral control, exercise behavior, and the BREQ. Phase 1 results supported the original 4-factor measurement model and a simplex model of structural relations between latent BREQ constructs suggested within self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985), and results supported the positive relations between more self-determined motives and greater psychological need satisfaction and frequent exercise behavior. Phase 2 results provided further construct validity evidence for the BREQ by linking subscale scores with greater perceived behavioral control in a manner consistent with theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985). Collectively, these results further support the construct validity of the BREQ and lend credence to the notion of measuring exercise motivation from a multidimensional perspective using self-determination theory as a guiding framework in the exercise domain.
Mannose binding protein is involved in first-line host defence: evidence from transgenic mice. (1995)

Mannose binding protein (MBP) is a calcium-dependent C-type lectin secreted by the liver which seems to be an important component of innate or natural immunity. We have investigated the effects of Candida albicans and thioglycolate injection into transgenic mice bearing the human MBP gene. The transgenes contained a 15 kb fragment of the MBP gene which included the complete coding sequence. Northern blot hybridization showed human MBP mRNA transcripts in the liver of two transgenic lines with low and high copy number respectively. Western blot analysis showed the presence in serum of human MBP which associated into the higher multimeric forms which are capable of activating complement. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) showed that serum human MBP concentrations in the transgenes (1.90 +/- 0.16 mg/l, mean +/- SEM) were about twice as high as the levels in man. The serum concentration of MBP A, which is the mouse homologue of MBP, (13.9 +/- 0.45 mg/l) was about seven times that of human MBP. Intravenous injection of Candida albicans caused the serum human MBP level to fall by more than 50% in the first hour and then slowly recover, but it did not return the initial value by 72 hr. Candida injection caused a 25% fall in serum mouse MBP A in the first hour which then rose to supranormal levels by 72 hr. Following Candida injection mouse MBP A mRNA concentrations increased over 72 hr in contrast to human MBP mRNA which remained constant in both transgenic lines. These data indicate that the human MBP gene fragment in the transgene did not include the regulatory elements of the gene. Total haemolytic complement activity and C3 concentrations also fell immediately after Candida and thioglycolate injection while the concentrations of mannose specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) did not fall. The data indicate that mannose binding protein plays an important role in the initial stages of defence against infection which, in this model, is quantitatively greater than that of mannose-specific IgG and IgM antibodies. Mannose binding protein is probably most important in defense of previously unexposed and non-immune hosts.
Synthesis of Some Copper(II)-Chelating (Dialkylamino)pyridine Amphiphiles and Evaluation of Their Esterolytic Capacities in Cationic Micellar Media (1998)

Three new (dialkylamino)pyridine (DAAP)-based ligand amphiphiles 3-5 have been synthesized. All of the compounds possess a metal ion binding subunit in the form of a 2,6-disubstituted DAAP moiety. In addition, at least one ortho-CH(2)OH substituent is present in all the ligands. Complex formation by these ligands with various metal ions were examined under micellar conditions, but only complexes with Cu(II) ions showed kinetically potent esterolytic capacities under micellar conditions. Complexes with Cu(II) were prepared in host comicellar cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTABr) media at pH 7.6. Individual complexes were characterized by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. These metallomicelles speed the cleavage of the substrates p-nitrophenyl hexanoate or p-nitrophenyl diphenyl phosphate. To ascertain the nature of the active esterolytic species, the stoichiometries of the respective Cu(II) complexes were determined from the kinetic version of Job's plot. In all the instances, 2:1 complex ligand/Cu(II) ion are the most kinetically competent species. The apparent pK(a) values of the Cu(II)-coordinated hydroxyl groups of the ligands 3, 4, and 5, in the comicellar aggregate, are 7.8, 8.0, and 8.0, respectively, as estimated from the rate constant vs pH profiles of the ester cleavage reactions. The nucleophilic metallomicellar reagents and the second-order "catalytic" rate constants toward esterolysis of the substrate p-nitrophenyl hexanoate (at 25 degrees C, pH 7.6) are 37.5 for 3, 11.4 for 4, and 13.8 for 5. All catalytic systems comprising the coaggregates of 3, 4, or 5 and CTABr demonstrate turnover behavior in the presence of excess substrate.
Intercarrier interference due to phase noise in OFDM - estimation and suppression (2005)

In this paper we provide an analysis of the intercarrier interference (ICI) due to phase noise in OFDM systems and present an algorithm for its suppression. We examine the general case where phase noise can take any values, thus the ”small” phase noise model is dropped. The statistical properties of the intercarrier interference are analyzed, showing that the ICI is generally a non-gaussian random process which has a large impact on the system performance. Closed form expressions which describe the correlation properties of the constituents of ICI are calculated. An MMSE approach for suppressing ICI in the frequency domain is presented. This approach avoids error propagation to which our previously proposed algorithm was prone. The performance of the suppression algorithm is shown, pointing out the limits for the ICI suppression algorithms in general.
Vision System for Robotic Handling of Randomly Placed Objects (2013)

This paper presents the development of a method for the calculation of coordinates of a part's features in a world reference frame (WRF), using images acquired from a camera. The method is used to identify multiple, randomly placed, similar objects from the consumer goods industry. The geometry and the intensity differences among multiple points are used for the identification, due to the objects’ complicated geometry and the non-discrete characteristics. All the general (e.g. orientation) and special (e.g. visible side) purpose features are identified. It was implemented within a software tool using MATLAB and tested in the case of shaver handles’ feeding.
Detection and tracking of drones using advanced acoustic cameras (2015)

Recent events of drones flying over city centers, official buildings and nuclear installations stressed the growing threat of uncontrolled drone proliferation and the lack of real countermeasure. Indeed, detecting and tracking them can be difficult with traditional techniques. A system to acoustically detect and track small moving objects, such as drones or ground robots, using acoustic cameras is presented. The described sensor, is completely passive, and composed of a 120-element microphone array and a video camera. The acoustic imaging algorithm determines in real-time the sound power level coming from all directions, using the phase of the sound signals. A tracking algorithm is then able to follow the sound sources. Additionally, a beamforming algorithm selectively extracts the sound coming from each tracked sound source. This extracted sound signal can be used to identify sound signatures and determine the type of object. The described techniques can detect and track any object that produces noise (engines, propellers, tires, etc). It is a good complementary approach to more traditional techniques such as (i) optical and infrared cameras, for which the object may only represent few pixels and may be hidden by the blooming of a bright background, and (ii) radar or other echo-localization techniques, suffering from the weakness of the echo signal coming back to the sensor. The distance of detection depends on the type (frequency range) and volume of the noise emitted by the object, and on the background noise of the environment. Detection range and resilience to background noise were tested in both, laboratory environments and outdoor conditions. It was determined that drones can be tracked up to 160 to 250 meters, depending on their type. Speech extraction was also experimentally investigated: the speech signal of a person being 80 to 100 meters away can be captured with acceptable speech intelligibility.
A rapid capillary electrophoresis method with LED-induced native fluorescence detection for the analysis of cannabinoids in oral fluid (2015)

In the present study, a capillary electrophoresis method with native fluorescence detection for the quantification of two main marijuana cannabinoids, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), in oral fluid is described.
Scanning near-field optical microscope for the imaging of magnetic domains in optically opaque materials (1994)

We describe a scanning near-field optical microscope capable of magnetic imaging in optically opaque materials. The near-field probe is a ∼30 nm Ag particle, optically excited near the surface plasmon resonance frequency. The separation of the probe and sample is regulated by a Newton ring interferometer. The polarization rotation of the scattered light due to near-field magneto-optic interactions is measured. A two-dimensional image is presented of thermomagnetically recorded magnetic domains in a perpendicularly magnetized Co/Pt multilayer material with 0.5-μm-diam domains at one micrometer spacing. Images suggest a resolution of &amp;lt;100 nm.
Integrated Services Mappings for Low Speed Networks (1999)

A set of companion documents describe an architecture for providing integrated services over low-bitrate links, such as modem lines, ISDN B-channels, and sub-T1 links The main components of the architecture are: a set of real-time encapsulation formats for asynchronous and synchronous low-bitrate links, a header compression architecture optimized for real-time flows, elements of negotiation protocols used between routers (or between hosts and routers), and announcement protocols used by applications to allow this negotiation to take place. This document defines the service mappings of the IETF Integrated Services for low-bitrate links, specifically the controlled load The approach takes the form of a set of guidelines and considerations for implementing these services, along with evaluation criteria for elements providing these services.
Rapid environment adaptation for robust speech recognition (2002)

The paper proposes a rapid environment adaptation algorithm based on spectrum equalization (REALISE). In practical speech recognition applications, differences between training and testing environments often seriously diminish recognition accuracy. These environmental differences can be classified into two types: difference in additive noise and difference in multiplicative noise in the spectral domain. The proposed method calculates time-alignment between a testing utterance and the closest reference pattern to it, and then calculates the noise differences between the two according to the time-alignment. Then, the authors adapt all reference patterns to the testing environment using the differences. Finally, the testing utterance is recognized using the adapted reference patterns. In a 250 Japanese word recognition task, in which the training and testing microphones were of two different types, REALISE improved recognition accuracy from 87% to 96%.
Recent Advances in High Voltage, High Energy Capacitor Technology (2007)

Summary form only given. Capacitors continue to be major components of pulsed power systems, especially as energy storage and pulse discharge devices. Qn-going research and development at GA-ESI (formerly "Maxwell") in capacitor technology and dielectric materials has resulted in significant expansion in several dimensions of the film capacitor operating envelope. Examples of such advances include increased energy density, increased energy per unit, longer DC life at high energy density, lower temperature (cryogenic) operation, faster discharge capability, higher continuous working specific power, and higher reliability. Future improvements are expected in all of the above performance parameters as well as higher temperature operation.
Selective Growth of Titanium Nitride on HfO<sub>2</sub> across Nanolines and Nanopillars (2016)

This work targets the area selective atomic layer deposition (AS-ALD) of TiN onto HfO2 for use as the word line in a memory device. Unlike other patterning processes, AS-ALD eliminates etching steps and also allows for growth of patterned films with precise thickness control. This study investigates how AS-ALD differs on planar and nonplanar surfaces. Using a combination of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy, we demonstrate a way to confer selectivity to a substrate using surface features. Self-assembled monolayers form defects at regions of high curvature, allowing nucleation of TiN films in ALD. This is in contrast to a treated planar surface with no features, which exhibits complete blocking of TiN up to a certain limit of ALD cycles.
In Situ X-Ray Diffraction Study of P2-Na[sub 2/3][Ni[sub 1/3]Mn[sub 2/3]]O[sub 2] (2001)

The electrochemical extraction and insertion of Na in was studied by in situ X-ray diffraction. All the original Na can be extracted from and it can be reversibly inserted again. When in the compound remains in the P2 structure. For a small amount of O2-type stacking faults are introduced into the structure. When the electrode exists as two coexisting phases. These are (with some O2-type stacking faults) and adopts the O2 structure with stacking faults. As sodium is reinserted in to make the P2 structure forms again. The evolution of the lattice parameters of with x and the lattice constants of are also reported. © 2001 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
A conserved ubiquitin ligase of the nuclear envelope/endoplasmic reticulum that functions in both ER-associated and Matα2 repressor degradation (2001)

Substrate discrimination in the ubiquitin-proteasome system is believed to be dictated by specific combinations of ubiquitin-protein ligases (E3s) and ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s). Here we identify Doa10/Ssm4 as a yeast E3 that is embedded in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)/nuclear envelope yet can target the soluble transcription factor Matalpha2. Doa10 contains an unusual RING finger, which has ubiquitin-ligase activity in vitro and is essential in vivo for degradation of alpha2 via its Deg1 degradation signal. Doa10 functions with two E2s, Ubc6 and Ubc7, to ubiquitinate Deg1-bearing substrates, and it is also required for the degradation of at least one ER membrane protein. Interestingly, different short-lived ER proteins show distinct requirements for Doa10 and another ER-localized E3, Hrd1. Nevertheless, the two E3s overlap in function: A doa10Delta hrd1Delta mutant is far more sensitive to cadmium relative to either single mutant and displays strong constitutive induction of the unfolded protein response; this suggests a role for both E3s in eliminating aberrant ER proteins. The likely human ortholog of DOA10 is in the cri-du-chat syndrome critical region on chromosome 5p, suggesting that defective ubiquitin ligation might contribute to this common genetic disorder.
New preparation method for 99mTc-phytate. (1976)

A new method is described in which Pt-Sn or Sn-Sn electrodes are used to activate 99mTcO4-. The 99mTc is incorporated into phytic acid by stannous ion released from a tin anode by the corrosive reaction. The most suitable pH for labeling phytic acid by this method was below 5 and the 99mTc-phytate formed could be precipitatedd with Ca+2 at a pH above 3.5. Though 99mTc-phytate is soluble in aqueous solution, it forms an insoluble species with Ca+2 in vivo and is trapped in the reticuloendothelial system. More than 93% of the 99mTc-phytate localized in the liver of mice; here its biologic half-time is about 112 hr. The 99mTc-phytate prepared by this method promises to be useful as a liver-scanning agent. Since our method does not require an applied electric potential, it appears to be one of the most convenient methods for labeling compounds with 99mTc.
Helicobacter pylori infection in a pediatric population: in vitro susceptibilities to omeprazole and eight antimicrobial agents (1992)

The in vitro activities of omeprazole and eight antimicrobial agents against 18 clinical strains of Helicobacter pylori isolated from a pediatric population were determined by an agar dilution method. Ampicillin and erythromycin were the most active agents in vitro. All strains were susceptible to azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, metronidazole, and tinidazole. One isolate demonstrated resistance to cefixime (MIC, greater than or equal to 4 micrograms/ml). H. pylori was inhibited by the proton pump inhibitor omeprazole.