gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Time Delay Controller for Systems With Unknown Dynamics (1990)

This paper focuses on the control of systems with unknown dynamics and deals with the class of systems described by x˙=f(x,t) + h(x,t) + B(x,t)u + d(t) where h(x,t) and d(t) are unknown dynamics and unexpected disturbances, respectively. A new control method, Time Delay Control (TDC), is proposed for such systems. Under the assumption of accessibility to all the state variables and estimates of their delayed derivatives, the TDC is characterized by a simple estimation technique that evaluates a function representing the effect of uncertainties. This is accomplished using time delay. The control system’s structure, stability and design issues are discussed for linear time-invariant and single-input-single-output systems. Finally, the control performance was evaluated through both simulations and experiments. The theoretical and experimental results indicate that this control method shows excellent robustness properties to unknown dynamics and disturbances.
Microencapsulation of isoniazid in genipin-crosslinked gelatin-A–κ-carrageenan polyelectrolyte complex (2010)

Characterization of the isoniazid-loaded microspheres was carried out by using Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry, differential scanning calorimetry, and X-ray diffractometery.
Aggregation-Induced Linear and Non-Linear Optical Properties of Four Hydroxy-Substituted Analogues of 2,4-Bis[4-(dibutylamino)phenyl]squaraine (1998)

Langmuir films of the title compound, 2,4-bis[4-(dibutylamino)phenyl]squaraine, Sq0, and its substituted analogues, Sq1 (monohydroxy) to Sq4 (tetrahydroxy), exhibit three well defined phases at the air–water interface: &amp;lgr;max 525–550 nm (H-aggregate); 660–670 nm (intermediate); 760–770 nm (J-aggregate). The monolayer spectra are influenced by the surface pressure and the number of hydroxy substituents and, when the monolayers are transferred to a solid substrate, there is a correlation between the linear and non-linear optical behaviour of the Langmuir-Blodgett films. Second-harmonic generation has been observed even though the unit molecular structures of two analogues, Sq0 and Sq4, are centric. The behaviour is aggregation-induced and there is evidence that the dyes associate in dilute solution. The electrospray ionization mass spectra exhibit peaks with high mass/charge ( m/z ) ratios; the data conform to the dimeric aggregate and, for solutions of two or more squaraines, corroborate the existence of heteromolecular associates.
Real-time filesystems. Guaranteeing timing constraints for disk accesses in RT-Mach (2002)

Traditional real-time systems have largely avoided the use of disks due to their relative slow speeds and their unpredictability. However, many real-time applications including multimedia systems and real-time database applications benefit significantly from the use of disks to store and access real-time data. We investigate the problem of obtaining guaranteed timely access to files on a disk in a real-time system. Our study focuses on several aspects of this problem of providing a real-time filesystem. First, we consider the use of two real-time disk scheduling algorithms: earliest deadline scheduling and just-in-time scheduling, a variation of aperiodic servers for the disk. The latter algorithm is designed to improve disk throughput that can be hurt when a real-time scheduling algorithm such as EDF is applied directly. Admission control policies with practically acceptable properties of performance and usability are provided. Next, we design and implement a real-time filesystem on the RT-Mach microkernel-based system running a real-time shell. The new interface we develop is based on RT-Mach's resource reservation paradigm and provides guaranteed and timely access for multiple concurrent applications requiring disk bandwidth with different timing and volume requirements. Finally, we perform a detailed performance evaluation of the real-time filesystem including its raw performance. We show the following positive but rather surprising result: our real-time scheduling filesystem not only provides guaranteed and timely access but also does so at relatively high levels of throughput. Traditional disk scheduling algorithms offer completely unacceptable file access latencies for real-time applications and do so only at slightly higher throughput.
Supporting FPGA microprocessors through retargetable software tools. (1996)

Driving FPGA systems from ANSI C is possible using lcc (a retargetable ANSI C compiler) targeted at an FPGA system and dasm (a retargetable, flexible assembler) tools. The compiler supports custom hardware capabilities of FPGA systems, as well as all constructs of C. The assembler reads instruction definitions at assemble time, allowing the user to add new custom hardware functions which dasm can assemble correctly to an instruction stream the hardware executes. A source code debugger has been created for this system. COMMITTEE APPROVAL: Brad L. Hutchings Committee Chairman James K. Archibald Committee Member J. Kelly Flanagan Committee Member Wynn C. Stirling Graduate Coordinator SUPPORTING FPGA MICROPROCESSORS THROUGH RETARGETABLE SOFTWARE TOOLS A Thesis Submitted to the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Brigham Young University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science by David A. Clark April This thesis by David A. Clark is acce...
Studies on the Photo-Controllable Coloring Fibers (1989)

The final purpose of this study is to produce experimentally textile fibers and fabrics colored by using optical interference. First, this paper concerns with the color producing phenomenon and laminating construction of the films colored by optical interference, such as that gives rise to varied hues when light shines on it.The photo-controllable coloring film, which is compsed of one layer of molecular orientation anisotropic polymer film, and two layers of polarizing films, or one polarizing film and one reflective film, was prepared by lamination.The following results were obtained : (1) Many hues emanate from the laminated film when light is transmited through it, or is reflected in it. Furthermore, this color seen changes subtly in according to the angle of view, that is the phenomenon of “iridesence” so-called. (2) The colored, laminated films can emanate easily objective hues by designing constrution of the materials. (3) We proposed a new analytical method, which is applicable to absorption spectrum of visible light for colored film, and could prove that method is applicable due to easier procedure inlimited region of wave length.
Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Surfaces with High and Low Adhesion Inspired from Rose Petal (2010)

Certain rose petals are known to be superhydrophobic with high adhesion. There also exist rose petals which are superhydrophobic with low adhesion similar to lotus leaf. The purpose of this study is to characterize systematically the superhydrophobic rose petal with high and low adhesion surfaces and understand the mechanism for adhesion characteristics. Based on these, artificial superhydrophobic surfaces with high and low adhesion are fabricated using a two-step molding process and wax evaporation method. It is shown that the pitch values of microstructures and density of nanostructures play an important role in real rose petals and artificial surfaces to control their adhesion properties.
Study of the chemical etching of carbon surfaces facing argon/hydrogen plasmas in a helicon type reactor (2012)

The study of the chemical erosion by atomic hydrogen of graphite in the purpose of characterizing etching and re deposition growth kinetics is presented. Carbon samples undergo plasma treatment under different time-exposures and gas mixtures at 10 mTorr, determined as the optimal pressure. The etching outcomes are analyzed via mass loss and structure comparison (SEM, micro-Raman spectroscopy) in order to evaluate the impact of the different experimental conditions, i.e. pressure, gas mixture, RF power coupling mode and erosion duration.
Loss of Muscle Mass During Chemotherapy Is Predictive for Poor Survival of Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (2016)

Muscle area decreased significantly during chemotherapy and was independently associated with survival in patients with mCRC. Further clinical evaluation is required to determine whether nutritional interventions and exercise training may preserve muscle area and thereby improve outcome.
Immunochemistry of the Cell-Surface Carbohydrate Antigens of Clostridium difficile (1982)

Two carbohydrate cell-surface antigens were extracted from Clostridium difficile. One was extracted from pure cell walls by NaOH and contained glucose, mannose, galactosamine and phosphate in the approximate molar proportions of 2:0.65:1:0.63. The other antigen was extracted with phenol from the disrupted contents of whole cells and purified by chromatography on Sepharose 6B and an immunoabsorbent column; it contained glucose, glucosamine, phosphate and fatty acid in the approximate molar proportions of 2:1:1.6:0.04. Both antigens showed partial immunological identity and both cross-reacted with Clostridium sordellii antiserum. They are analogues of the wall and membrane teichoic acids of other Gram-positive bacteria.
Signal suppression in electrospray ionization Fourier transform mass spectrometry of multi-component samples (2000)

The high resolution, mass range and sensitivity of Fourier transform mass spectrometry (FTMS) suggest that it could be a valuable tool for the quantitative analysis of biomolecules. To determine the applicability of electrospray ionization combined with FTMS to the quantitation of biomolecules in multi-component samples, mixtures of varying compositions and concentrations of cytochrome c, angiotensin II, insulin and chicken egg white lysozyme were examined. The instrument used has an electrospray source with a hexapole trap to accumulate ions for injection into an ion cyclotron resonance mass analyzer. Linear responses for single component samples of angiotensin II and insulin were in the range 0.031-3 microM and those of both cytochrome c and lysozyme were between 0.031 and 1 microM. In examining various mixtures of the proteins with angiotensin II, it was found that the presence of the large molecules suppresses the signal of the smaller molecules. This is suggested to be a result of ion-ion interactions producing selective ion loss from either the hexapole trap or the ion cyclotron resonance mass analyzer trap. More massive, more highly charged ions can collisionally transfer large amounts of translational energy to smaller, less highly charged ions, ejecting the smaller ions from the trap. Mass discrimination effects resulting from the trapping voltage were also examined. It was found that relative signal intensities of ions of different masses depend on trapping voltage for externally produced ions. The effect is most significant for spectra including masses that differ by 30% or more. This suggests that for quantitation all samples and standards be run at a constant trapping potential.
Sparse Deep Transfer Learning for Convolutional Neural Network (2017)

Extensive studies have demonstrated that the representations of convolutional neural networks (CNN), which are learned from a large-scale data set in the source domain, can be effectively transferred to a new target domain. However, compared to the source domain, the target domain often has limited data in practice. In this case, overfitting may significantly depress transferability, due to the model redundancy of the intensive CNN structures. To deal with this difficulty, we propose a novel sparse deep transfer learning approach for CNN. There are three main contributions in this work. First, we introduce a Sparse-SourceNet to reduce the redundancy in the source domain. Second, we introduce a Hybrid-TransferNet to improve the generalization ability and the prediction accuracy of transfer learning, by taking advantage of both model sparsity and implicit knowledge. Third, we introduce a Sparse-TargetNet, where we prune our Hybrid-TransferNet to obtain a highly-compact, source-knowledge-integrated CNN in the target domain. To examine the effectiveness of our methods, we perform our sparse deep transfer learning approach on a number of benchmark transfer learning tasks. The results show that, compared to the standard fine-tuning approach, our proposed approach achieves a significant pruning rate on CNN while improves the accuracy of transfer learning.
Controlling CRISPR-Cas9 with ligand-activated and ligand-deactivated sgRNAs (2019)

The CRISPR-Cas9 system provides the ability to edit, repress, activate, or mark any gene (or DNA element) by pairing of a programmable single guide RNA (sgRNA) with a complementary sequence on the DNA target. Here we present a new method for small-molecule control of CRISPR-Cas9 function through insertion of RNA aptamers into the sgRNA. We show that CRISPR-Cas9-based gene repression (CRISPRi) can be either activated or deactivated in a dose-dependent fashion over a >10-fold dynamic range in response to two different small-molecule ligands. Since our system acts directly on each target-specific sgRNA, it enables new applications that require differential and opposing temporal control of multiple genes.
Crosslinking delay achieved with gel additive (1982)

Presents data for the delay of metal crosslinked hydroxypropyl guar (HPG) fracturing fluids (utilized since the late 1960s) achieved with titanium acetylacetonate, triethanolamine titanate, and zirconium acetylacetonate. Experiment used 0.2-0.3 g of crosslinker and 150 g of a 50-lb/1,000-gal aqueous solution of HPG buffered to a ph of 7.0. Graph shows results as a function of time. Insights into the nature of the delaying process are given.
Influence of sputtering pressure on polarity distribution of aluminum nitride thin films (2006)

The authors have investigated the influence of sputtering pressure on the polarity distribution of aluminum nitride (AlN) films. They have found that sputtering pressure strongly influences the polarity distribution of AlN films prepared on molybdenum electrodes. The polarity distribution of the AlN films was observed by piezoresponse force microscopy. The polarity orientation is decided with respect to each fine grain constituting the AlN films, and polarity conversion from Al polarity to N polarity is observed with increasing sputtering pressure. The piezoelectric response of the films changes from +3.7to−4.4pC∕N with increasing sputtering pressure from 0.36to4.0Pa.
High-Toughness Silk Produced by a Transgenic Silkworm Expressing Spider (Araneus ventricosus) Dragline Silk Protein (2014)

Spider dragline silk is a natural fiber that has excellent tensile properties; however, it is difficult to produce artificially as a long, strong fiber. Here, the spider (Araneus ventricosus) dragline protein gene was cloned and a transgenic silkworm was generated, that expressed the fusion protein of the fibroin heavy chain and spider dragline protein in cocoon silk. The spider silk protein content ranged from 0.37 to 0.61% w/w (1.4-2.4 mol%) native silkworm fibroin. Using a good silk-producing strain, C515, as the transgenic silkworm can make the raw silk from its cocoons for the first time. The tensile characteristics (toughness) of the raw silk improved by 53% after the introduction of spider dragline silk protein; the improvement depended on the quantity of the expressed spider dragline protein. To demonstrate the commercial feasibility for machine reeling, weaving, and sewing, we used the transgenic spider silk to weave a vest and scarf; this was the first application of spider silk fibers from transgenic silkworms.
Shoot Apex Development and Rooting of Pinus strobus L. by Dwarf Shoots1 (1978)

Abstract Foliar applications of benzyladenine (BA) increased bud development of dwarf shoots of Pinus strobus L. When compared to dikegulac-sodium (Atrinal), pyranybenzyladenine (PBA), gibberellic acid (GA 3 ), or pinching. Differences in rate of application of BA were not significant. Vegetative propagation of dwarf shoots varied between individual clones and between years.
Nutritional status of patients with different levels of chronic renal insufficiency. Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Study Group. (1989)

This study evaluated the nutritional status of 95 patients with chronic renal insufficiency who participated in the feasibility phase of the NIH funded Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Study. All patients were seen monthly by a physician and dietitian. After a baseline period, the patients were randomly assigned either to a mildly protein-restricted control diet or to one of three low protein, low phosphorus diets. Patients with clear evidence for protein-calorie malnutrition were excluded from the study. Patients were followed for an average of 12.4 months (range, 0 to 22 months). The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) at the commencement of the experimental diets ranged from 8 to 56 ml/min/1.73 m2. Assessment of the nutritional parameters indicated that none of the four diet treatment groups developed protein-calorie malnutrition. At the end of treatment with the experimental diets, most nutritional parameters were normal and few had worsened. Nonetheless, the following observations indicated that some patients had developed subtle evidence for protein-calorie malnutrition. There were positive correlations between the GFR and the serum transferrin and creatinine:height ratio. In men, arm muscle area and, at the onset of the experimental diets, the % standard body weight also correlated with the GFR. In women, GFR correlated with dietary energy intake. When patients were grouped according to their GFR level, those with the lowest GFR also tended to have lower energy intakes, serum transferrin levels and creatinine:height ratios. Patients with a GFR of 24 ml/min/1.73 m2 or lower tended to lose body mass during the study. In all groups of patients, the estimated actual energy intake was significantly lower than the prescribed intake. On the other hand, in the patients assigned to one of the three low protein, low phosphorus diets, nitrogen intake was above the prescribed level. The low energy intake of those patients with the lower GFR levels may contribute to their propensity to become malnourished.
Robust Reductions of Excess Weight and Hyperphagia by Beloranib in Rat Models of Genetic and Hypothalamic Obesity (2016)

Hypothalamic lesions or deficient melanocortin (MC) signaling via MC4 receptor (MC4r) mutations often lead to hyperphagia and severe treatment-resistant obesity. We tested the methionine aminopeptidase 2-inhibitor beloranib (ZGN-440) in 2 male rat models of obesity, one modeling hypothalamic obesity with a combined medial hypothalamic lesion (CMHL) and the other modeling a monogenic form of obesity with MC4r mutations (MC4r knockout [MC4rKO]). In CMHL rats (age 3 months), postsurgery excess weight gain was significantly inhibited (ZGN-440, 0.2 ± 0.7 g/d; vehicle, 3.8 ± 0.6 g/d; P < 0.001) during 12 days of ZGN-440 treatment (0.1 mg/kg daily subcutaneously) together with a 30% reduction of daily food intake vs vehicle injection. In addition, ZGN-440 treatment improved glucose tolerance and reduced plasma insulin, and circulating levels of α-melanocyte stimulating hormone were increased. Serum lipid levels did not differ significantly in ZGN-440-treated vs vehicle-treated rats. Similar results were found in MC4rKO rats: ZGN-440 treatment (14-21 d) was associated with significant reductions of body weight gain (MC4rKO, -1.7 ± 0.6 vs 2.8 ± 0.4 g/d; lean wild-type controls, -0.7 ± 0.2 vs 1.7 ± 0.7 g/d; ZGN-440 vs vehicle, respectively), reduction of food intake (MC4rKO, -28%; lean controls, -7.5%), and insulin resistance, whereas circulating levels of interleukin-1β did not change. In both obesity models, body temperature and locomotor activity were not affected by ZGN-440 treatment. In conclusion, the robust reduction of body weight in response to ZGN-440 observed in rats with severe obesity is related to a strong reduction of food intake that is likely related to changes in the central regulation of feeding.
A study of data structures with a deep heap shape (2013)

Computing environments become increasingly parallel, and it seems likely that we will see more cores on tomorrow's desktops and server platforms. In a highly parallel system, tracing garbage collectors may not scale well due to deep heap structures that hinder parallel tracing. Previous work has discovered vulnerabilities within standard Java benchmarks. In this work we examine these standard benchmarks and analyze them to expose the data structures that make current Java benchmarks create deep heap shapes. It turns out that the problem is manifested mostly with benchmarks that employ queues and linked-lists. We then propose a new construction of a lock-free queue data structure with extra references that enables better garbage collector parallelism at a low overhead.
Water-Based Glycol Drilling Muds: Shale Inhibition Mechanisms (1994)

ABSTRACT Water based glycol (polyol) muds are becoming increasingly popular, and are now replacing oil based muds in many drilling operations. Apart from exceptional shale inhibition, other benefits include environmental friendliness, ease of handling, robustness and good lubricity. This paper explores the mechanisms of shale stabilisation by glycol muds. Experimental data show shale dispersion, swelling and hardness behaviours for a model reactive shale (London Clay). The data suggest the high level of inhibition obtained is mainly due to a shale hardening effect - the shale actually becomes harder than in its original state. Measurements with a range of salt types show that salt (eg KC1) plays a major role in the inhibiting mechanism. Adsorption measurements indicate that the glycol displaces water from the shale, resulting in a change in pore fluid composition. In effect, the glycol acts as a penetrating glue which, it is believed through hydrogen bonding effects, strengthens the shale. This mechanism contrasts with other water based mud additives (e.g. PHPA or polyamines) which form a protective or encapsulating layer on the surface of the shale.
Regulatory Elements within the Prodomain of Falcipain-2, a Cysteine Protease of the Malaria Parasite Plasmodium falciparum (2009)

Falcipain-2, a papain family cysteine protease of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, plays a key role in parasite hydrolysis of hemoglobin and is a potential chemotherapeutic target. As with many proteases, falcipain-2 is synthesized as a zymogen, and the prodomain inhibits activity of the mature enzyme. To investigate the mechanism of regulation of falcipain-2 by its prodomain, we expressed constructs encoding different portions of the prodomain and tested their ability to inhibit recombinant mature falcipain-2. We identified a C-terminal segment (Leu(155)-Asp(243)) of the prodomain, including two motifs (ERFNIN and GNFD) that are conserved in cathepsin L sub-family papain family proteases, as the mediator of prodomain inhibitory activity. Circular dichroism analysis showed that the prodomain including the C-terminal segment, but not constructs lacking this segment, was rich in secondary structure, suggesting that the segment plays a crucial role in protein folding. The falcipain-2 prodomain also efficiently inhibited other papain family proteases, including cathepsin K, cathepsin L, cathepsin B, and cruzain, but it did not inhibit cathepsin C or tested proteases of other classes. A structural model of pro-falcipain-2 was constructed by homology modeling based on crystallographic structures of mature falcipain-2, procathepsin K, procathepsin L, and procaricain, offering insights into the nature of the interaction between the prodomain and mature domain of falcipain-2 as well as into the broad specificity of inhibitory activity of the falcipain-2 prodomain.