gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Both E Protein Glycans Adversely Affect Dengue Virus Infectivity but Are Beneficial for Virion Release (2010)

The E protein of most flaviviruses is modified by Asn-linked glycosylation at residue 153/154 and in the case of the four dengue virus (DENV) serotypes by a second glycan at residue 67. However, the absence of E protein glycosylation among numerous natural isolates of different flaviviruses suggests that the glycan, per se, is not critically important in the virus life cycle. Consistent with this notion, we show that ablation of both glycans from the DENV-2 E protein reduces but does not prevent growth of the variant in mammalian and mosquito cells. We found a pronounced and opposing effect of glycan ablation on two stages of the virus growth cycle: infectivity and release. Loss of either of the two DENV E protein glycans markedly enhanced infectivity of variants for mosquito cells at the expense of efficient virion release. The variants also displayed reduced release in mammalian cells, which was more prominent for viruses lacking the Asn 67-linked glycan than for those lacking the Asn 153-linked glycan, without a marked change in infectivity. Mutations, which compensated for the defect in virus morphogenesis associated with ablation of the Asn 67-linked glycan in mammalian cells but interestingly not in mosquito cells, were identified at the glycosylation acceptor motif and a second site in E protein domain II. The dueling influences of infectivity and release on virus growth affected by the glycans may explain the plasticity in E protein glycosylation among the flaviviruses.
The Effect of Opioid Antagonismon Food Intake Behavior and Body Weight in a Biobehavioral Model of Obese Binge Eating (2002)

The obese Zucker rat (OZR) exhibits a hyperphagic eating pattern similar to the obese binge eater. Dynorphin, an endogenous agonist of the kappa receptor, is associated with regulation offood intake. Lessened sensitivity to opioid antagonists and/or increased central dynorphin levels may contribute to the hyperphagic eating pattern observed in the OZR. This study examined the temporal effect of a single intracerebroventricular (ICV) dose of nor-binaltorphimine (NBNI), a specific and long-lasting kappa opioid antagonist, on food intake, body weight, and satiety measures (meal size and the shape of the cumulative food intake curve [CFIC]) in adult male OZRs. Analysis of individual subjects revealed a differential response to opioid antagonism with respect to weight loss, reduction in food intake, and change in the slope of the CFIC, with some responding and others responding poorly. Repeated-measures analysis of variance showed a significant decrease in body weight (P = 0.001) and food intake (P = 0.03) in responders compared to poor responders and controls. Satiation was influenced to a greater extent in responders, who showed a significant reduction in meal size and a greater change in the CFICfor the largest meal of the day toward a pattern of satiation. These data suggest that a differential response to chronic opioid antagonism may exist in the OZR.
Photoinduced superconductivity and structural changes in high temperature superconducting films (1994)

The illumination of PryGd1−yBa2Cu3Ox semiconducting and superconducting thin films increases their critical temperatures and decreases their normal state resistivities if and only if the films are oxygen deficient. Moreover, these changes are enhanced near the Pr-induced metal-insulator transition. Light also causes a contraction of the c-axis in YBa2Cu3Ox which is correlated with the observed photoinduced resistivity changes. These changes are similar to those observed when oxygen-deficient YBa2Cu3Ox is enriched with oxygen or annealed at room temperature after quenching from high temperatures.
Organic Photovoltaics Using Tetraphenylbenzoporphyrin Complexes as Donor Layers (2009)

No Abstract.
Cell death throes (1998)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Regulation of Pisatin Demethylation in Nectria haematococca and its Influence on Pisatin Tolerance and Virulence (1984)

Nectria haematococca, a fungal pathogen of pea, demethylates the pea isoflavonoid phytoalexin pisatin to yield the less inhibitory product, 3,6a-dihydroxy-8,9-methylenedioxypterocarpan. Among naturally occurring isolates that demethylate pisatin (PDA+ isolates), some can be induced to do so at a high rate by pretreatment with the substrate (PDA1 isolates), while others demethylate pisatin only slowly, regardless of pretreatment (PDAn isolates). Genetic analysis of these pisatin demethylation phenotypes has indicated that one gene confers the PDA1 phenotype and that two distinct genes at different loci each confer the PDAn phenotype. We report here the relationship of these PDA phenotypes to pisatin tolerance and to virulence toward pea. The contribution of each PDA gene to these traits was also evaluated. In initial crosses between tolerant, PDA+ parents, recombinant progeny lacking demethylating activity (PDA- isolates) occurred. These PDA1 progeny were uniformly more sensitive to pisatin than the PDA* parents and all PDA+ progeny. Progeny having PDA1 phenotypes were more tolerant to pisatin than PDAn progeny, which in turn were more tolerant than PDA1 phenotype. Further genetic analyses confirmed that a characteristic pattern of pisatin tolerance was associated with each PDA gene. The gene conferring the PDA1 phenotype was associated with the highest level of tolerance, while the two genes conferring PDAn phenotypes were each associated with an intermediate level of pisatin tolerance. Thus relative tolerance to pisatin appears to depend upon both the presence and amount of pisatin demethylase activity. Virulence toward pea may also be determined by the ability to demethylate pisatin rapidly. In numerous crosses between vV. haematococca isolates with different pisatin demethylation phenotypes, high virulence in progeny was always correlated to the PDA1 phenotype. AH PDAn and PDA1 progeny were low in virulence. Thus the gene that confers high pisatin demethylase activity in N. haematococca is, or is closely linked to, a gene for virulence to pea.
Pattern of Performance in Workers with Low Back Pain During a Comprehensive Motor Performance Evaluation (1994)

For all members of this population of patients, motor performance on dynamometry of any body segment does not necessarily reflect the maximum physical capacity.
Syngeneic fibroblasts transfected with a plasmid encoding interleukin‐4 as non‐viral vectors for anti‐inflammatory gene therapy in collagen‐induced arthritis (2002)

Taken together, these findings indicate that systemic administration of syngeneic cells transfected with an anti-inflammatory cytokine gene, namely IL-4, with a non-viral method is effective in CIA and may attenuate the cytokine imbalance seen in this disease.
Aliphatic Polycarbonates Produced from the Coupling of Carbon Dioxide and Oxetanes and Their Depolymerization via Cyclic Carbonate Formation (2011)

The (salen)CrCl/onium salt catalyzed coupling reactions of several oxetane derivatives and carbon dioxide are reported. The oxetanes investigated contain substituents in the 3-position covering a range of steric requirements. The oxetanes examined include, 3,3-dimethyloxetane, 3-methoxymethyl-3-methyloxetane, and 3-benzyloxymethyl-3-methyloxetane. The rates of reaction of these oxetanes with CO2 were found to be significantly slower than the corresponding process with the parent oxetane monomer. Furthermore, in these instances the formation of copolymer was found to proceed via the preformed cycloaddition product, i.e., the six-membered cyclic carbonate, to a greater extent and increasing with the steric bulk of the substituents on oxetane. For these sterically more hindered oxetanes, the CO2 coupling reaction carried out in toluene at 110 °C reached an equilibrium product distribution of copolymer to cyclic carbonate which increased in cyclic carbonate product with increasing steric requirements of the oxetane monomer. For example, the catalyzed coupling of the parent oxetane and CO2 provides a copolymer to cyclic carbonate ratio of greater than 95%, whereas the corresponding product distribution for 3-benzyloxymethyl-3-methyloxetane was observed to be 60%. The catalytic rate of depolymerization of a purified sample of the copolymer afforded from 3-benzyloxymethyl-3-methyloxetane and CO2 to the corresponding cyclic carbonate, 5-benzyloxymethyl-5-methyl-1,3-dioxan-2-one, was found to be greatly retarded when carried out in an atmosphere of CO2.
Data Analysis of Translocation Events in Nanopore Experiments (2009)

Nanopores have become important tools for single molecule experiments, where information about the properties of DNA/RNA or proteins is inferred from current pulses elicited by individual molecules as they traverse a single pore. However, because of necessary electronic filters employed in the measurement technique, the extraction of meaningful information from short pulses is limited. This restricts the use of nanopores for the investigation of small molecules which cross the pore rapidly. Here we present a method which significantly improves the accuracy of the analysis of noise-filtered current pulses. We introduce improved criteria to measure the pulse width and propose a method to evaluate the pulse height from the falling edge of the pulse, which renders the identification of a pulse plateau unnecessary. The new methods are compared to conventional routines and validated by analyzing representative current pulses as well as experimental protein translocation data. It is demonstrated that the pulse properties can be recovered with satisfying accuracy beyond the usual limitations of Bessel filters, i.e., from pulses featuring a width of merely 0.3f(c)(-1) (f(c) being the filter cutoff frequency).
Local-pooled-error test for identifying differentially expressed genes with a small number of replicated microarrays (2003)

The methodology is implemented with S-PLUS and R functions available at http://hesweb1.med.virginia.edu/bioinformatics
The basis for the molecular recognition and the selective time-gated luminescence detection of ATP and GTP by a lanthanide complex (2013)

Two molecular probes for the detection of nucleotides are presented. The positively charged [Tb-DOTAm-Phen]3+ responds only to purine nucleotides and selectively detects GTP and ATP over GDP/GMP and ADP/AMP, respectively. The neutral Eu-DOTA-Phen complex, on the other hand, is selective for purines over pyrimidines but does not distinguish between tri-, di- and monophosphate nucleotides. Both probes possess long luminescence lifetimes that readily enable time-gated experiments and complete removal of any autofluorescence background. The decrease of the Stern–Volmer constants with temperature is indicative of a static mechanism of quenching in agreement with the formation of a stacked phenanthridine–purine complex. The selectivity of the probes for purines over pyrimidines is due to a higher binding affinity and quenching ability of the more extended purines for the phenanthridine chromophore. The selectivity of the positively charged terbium complex for the tri- over the di- and mono-phosphate nucleotides is due to weak electrostatic interactions with the negatively charged phosphates of ATP and GTP, as evidenced by the lack of any selectivity for ATP/ADP/AMP or GTP/GDP/GMP by the neutral europium complex. Both the selective terbium complex and its non-responsive europium analog can be used concomitantly in the same solution as neither probe affects the response of the other. Simultaneous use of the two chemosensors enables more accurate ratiometric detection of ATP to ADP or GTP to GDP conversion and continuous monitoring of kinase reactions.
Blood–brain barrier dysfunction in parkinsonian midbrain in vivo (2005)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with a loss of neurons from the midbrain. The cause of PD is unknown, but it is established that certain neurotoxins can cause similar syndromes. The brain is normally protected from these noxious blood-borne chemicals by the blood-brain barrier which includes specialized proteins on the inside of blood vessels in the brain. These act as molecular efflux pumps and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is an abundant representative. Vulnerability to PD appears codetermined by the genotype for the P-gp gene. We hypothesized that PD patients have reduced P-gp function in the blood-brain barrier. We used positron emission tomography to measure brain uptake of [(11)C]-verapamil, which is normally extruded from the brain by P-gp. Here, we show significantly elevated uptake of [(11)C]-verapamil (18%) in the midbrain of PD patients relative to controls. This is the first evidence supporting a dysfunctional blood-brain barrier as a causative mechanism in PD.
When Are Low Resolution ADCs Energy Efficient in Massive MIMO? (2017)

Massive MIMO (MaMI) is often promoted as a technology that will enable the use of low-quality, cheap hardware. One particular component that has been in the focus of MaMI-related research is the analog-to-digital converter (ADC), and use of very low-resolution ADCs has been proposed. However, studies about whether this strategy is justified from an energy-efficiency point of view have largely been inconclusive. In this paper, we choose system setup and models that reflect the hardware implementation reality as close as possible and perform a parametric analysis of uplink energy efficiency as a function of ADC resolution. If antenna scaling and decrease of ADC resolution are considered independently, the energy efficiency is shown to be maximized at intermediate ADC resolutions, typically in the range of 4-8 bits. Moreover, optimal ADC resolution does not decrease when more antennas are used except in some specific cases, and when it does, the decrease is approximately logarithmic in the number of antennas. In the case when antenna scaling and ADC degradation are coupled through a constant-performance constraint, it is shown that energy efficiency cannot improve with reduced bit resolution unless the power consumption of blocks other than ADCs scales down with the upscaling of antennas at a fast enough rate. Altogether it is concluded that in MaMI, intermediate ADC resolutions are optimal in energy efficiency sense, and, except in some special cases, scaling up the antennas to very large numbers does not change this conclusion.
Label-retaining epithelial cells in mouse mammary gland divide asymmetrically and retain their template DNA strands (2005)

It has been postulated that the stem cells of somatic tissues protect themselves from mutation and cancer risk by selective segregation of their template DNA strands. Self-renewing mammary epithelial stem cells that were originated during allometric growth of the mammary ducts in pubertal females were labeled using [3H]-thymidine (3HTdR). After a prolonged chase during which much of the branching duct morphogenesis was completed, 3HTdR-label retaining epithelial cells (LREC) were detected among the epithelium of the maturing glands. Labeling newly synthesized DNA in these glands with a different marker, 5-bromodeoxyuridine (5BrdU), resulted in the appearance of doubly labeled nuclei in a large percentage of the LREC. By contrast, label-retaining cells within the stroma did not incorporate 5BrdU during the pulse, indicating that they were not traversing the cell cycle. Upon chase, the second label (5BrdU) was distributed from the double-labeled LREC to unlabeled mammary cells while 3HTdR was retained. These results demonstrate that mammary LREC selectively retain their 3HTdR-labeled template DNA strands and pass newly synthesized 5BrdU-labeled DNA to their progeny during asymmetric divisions. Similar results were obtained in mammary transplants containing self-renewing, lacZ-positive epithelial cells suggesting that cells capable of expansive self-renewal may repopulate new mammary stem cell niches during the allometric growth of new mammary ducts.
The effects of cloxacillin on staphylococci phagocytosed by bovine neutrophils. (1980)

The effects of cloxacillin on staphylococci within neutrophils from the peripheral blood of cattle were examined. When cloxacillin was added to a preparation of intracellular staphylococci suspended in nutrient broth at 37 degrees C in the presence of lysostaphin, significantly more staphylococci were killed than in the controls without the antibiotic. Cloxacillin entered the neutrophils and made the intracellular staphylococci sensitive to lysis by lysostaphin when the neutrophils were disrupted. The intracellular action of cloxacillin was greater than when Hanks' balanced salt solution was the suspending fluid or when the broth was incubated at 4 degrees C. Failure to observe the effect in these circumstances was possibly due to a very low rate of metabolism in the staphylococci.
Affect Detection: An Interdisciplinary Review of Models, Methods, and Their Applications (2010)

This survey describes recent progress in the field of Affective Computing (AC), with a focus on affect detection. Although many AC researchers have traditionally attempted to remain agnostic to the different emotion theories proposed by psychologists, the affective technologies being developed are rife with theoretical assumptions that impact their effectiveness. Hence, an informed and integrated examination of emotion theories from multiple areas will need to become part of computing practice if truly effective real-world systems are to be achieved. This survey discusses theoretical perspectives that view emotions as expressions, embodiments, outcomes of cognitive appraisal, social constructs, products of neural circuitry, and psychological interpretations of basic feelings. It provides meta-analyses on existing reviews of affect detection systems that focus on traditional affect detection modalities like physiology, face, and voice, and also reviews emerging research on more novel channels such as text, body language, and complex multimodal systems. This survey explicitly explores the multidisciplinary foundation that underlies all AC applications by describing how AC researchers have incorporated psychological theories of emotion and how these theories affect research questions, methods, results, and their interpretations. In this way, models and methods can be compared, and emerging insights from various disciplines can be more expertly integrated.
Mitochondrial Destabilisation and Caspase-3 Activation are Involved in the Apoptosis of Jurkat Cells Induced by Gaudichaudione A, a Cytotoxic Xanthone (2002)

Gaudichaudione A, a cytotoxic xanthone obtained from Garcinia gaudichaudii, displayed strong growth inhibitory effects against Jurkat human leukemic cells, parental murine leukemic P388 and P388/DOX-resistant cell lines, and exhibited similar cytotoxicity against P388/DOX as well as P388, but was less toxic toward normal human Chang liver cells. A variety of apoptotic events induced by gaudichaudione A at the mitochondrial and nuclear levels has been characterized. It appears that gaudichaudione A induced a collapse of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential. Caspase-3 was activated and induced internucleosomal DNA fragmentation and externalization of PS residues. The apoptotic features were also observed in ultrastructural studies.
Effects of GLP-1-(7–36)NH<sub>2</sub>, GLP-1-(7–37), and GLP-1- (9–36)NH<sub>2</sub>on Intravenous Glucose Tolerance and Glucose-Induced Insulin Secretion in Healthy Humans (2003)

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is an insulin secretagogue synthesized in the intestine and released in response to meal ingestion. It is secreted primarily in two forms, GLP-1-(7-37) and GLP-1-(7-36)NH(2), both of which bind to a specific GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1r) on the pancreatic beta-cell and augment glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Once secreted, GLP-1-(7-36)NH(2) is rapidly metabolized to GLP-1-(9-36)NH(2), which is the predominant form of GLP-1 in postprandial plasma because of its relatively slower clearance. Although no clear biological role for GLP-1-(9-36)NH(2) in humans has been identified, recent studies in animals suggest two potential effects: to antagonize the effects of intact GLP-1 and to promote glucose disappearance in peripheral tissues. In the studies reported here we compared the independent effects of GLP-1-(7-36)NH(2), GLP-1-(7-37), and GLP-1-(9-36)NH(2) on parameters of iv glucose tolerance and determined whether GLP-1-(9-36)NH(2) inhibits the insulinotropic actions of GLP-1. Ten healthy subjects underwent 4 separate frequently sampled iv glucose tolerance tests during infusions of GLP-1-(7-37), GLP-1-(7-36)NH(2), GLP-1-(9-36)NH(2), or saline. Results from the iv glucose tolerance test were used to obtain indexes of beta-cell function (acute insulin response to glucose) and iv glucose tolerance (glucose disappearance constant), and the minimal model of glucose kinetics was used to obtain indexes of glucose effectiveness and insulin sensitivity. Compared with control studies, both GLP-1-(7-36)NH(2) and GLP-1-(7-37) significantly increased acute insulin response to glucose, glucose disappearance constant, glucose effectiveness, and glucose effectiveness at zero insulin, but did not change the insulin sensitivity index. In contrast, none of the parameters of glucose tolerance was measurably affected by GLP-1-(9-36) amide. In a second set of experiments, 10 healthy subjects had glucose-stimulated insulin secretion measured during an infusion of GLP-1-(7-36)NH(2) alone or with a simultaneous infusion of GLP-1-(9-36)NH(2) that increased plasma levels approximately 10-fold over those produced by unmetabolized GLP-1. Augmentation of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by GLP-1-(7-36)NH(2) was not altered by the coadministration of GLP-1-(9-36)NH(2). Based on these results we conclude that GLP-1-(9-36)NH(2) does not regulate insulin release or glucose metabolism in healthy humans.
Optical recording of digital data in PLZT ceramics (1974)

Digital data are recorded in nonpolar PLZT ceramics using the photoinduced change of refractive index at wavelength λ=488 nm under applied electric field. This process allows electrical selection and addition of two recorded images and selective optical erasure. It is interpreted in terms of the quadratic electro-optic effect and local electric field amplitudes in the illuminated regions, computed as sums of the applied field and internal screening fields due to displacements and trapping of photoexcited charge carriers.
Streptococcal Infections of Skin and Soft Tissues (1996)

Streptococcus pyogenes (group A in the Lancefield classification) is one of the most common human pathogens. Although this ubiquitous organism is responsible for a wide array of illnesses, most attention has focused on its relation to acute pharyngitis, because of the frequency of that condition and its potential for inciting acute rheumatic fever. The recent resurgence of invasive group A streptococcal infections,1,2 however, is a reminder that the pathogen can cause a variety of skin and soft-tissue infections, some of which are severe and even life-threatening.Streptococcal PyodermaPyoderma, or impetigo, is a localized, purulent infection of the . . .