gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The increased number of epithelial mast cells in nasal polyps and adjacent turbinates is not allergy‐dependent (1990)

Respiratory epithelial mast cells are an expression of airway inflammatory processes. Nasal epithelial mast cells are known to be increased in allergic rhinitis and have now been examined in patients with nasal polyps. Metachromatic cell counts (mean +/- standard error) expressed as the sum of large mast cells, atypical mast cells and basophils in epithelial scrapings of the inferior turbinates, assessed after Carnoy's fixation and toluidine blue staining (pH 0.5), were 37.5 +/- 29 in non-allergic normal control subjects (n = 11), 435 +/- 130 in polyp patients who were allergic (n = 18), and 699 +/- 267 in polyp patients who were not allergic (n = 8). Metachromatic cell counts in epithelial scrapings obtained in vivo from nasal polyps of allergic patients (n = 8) were 1769 +/- 962, and 2308 +/- 1544 from polyps of non-allergic patients (n = 5); metachromatic counts were 2089 +/- 633 in epithelial scrapings from excised polyps of allergic patients (n = 14) and 2214 +/- 640 from polyps of non-allergic patients (n = 13). It is concluded that the number of metachromatic cells in the epithelium of nasal polyps and the adjacent nasal mucosa is elevated compared with normal nasal epithelium and the increased number does not depend upon allergy.
Synthesis of a Novel Macrobicyclic Cavity Possessing Six Convergent Hydroxyl Groups and Acting as a Siderophore (1991)

Fe3⊕ is bonded more strongly to the new macrocycle 1 (R = H, Me) than to EDTA or natural siderophores, as shown by competition experiments in water at pH 11.5. Compound 1 was synthesized in high yields both by a template-controlled process and by a reaction using the dilution principle.
BIOCHEMICAL COMPARISON OF MIGRAINE AND STROKE (1976)

SYNOPSIS Gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) and 3′, 5′‐cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP) were measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with stroke and vascular headache of migraine type. GABA was elevated in CSF of patients with recent onset of thromboembolic occlusive cerebrovascular disease (CVD) and within 48 hours of an attack of vertebrobasilar ischemia (VBI). Similarly, GABA was elevated in CSF of all patients studied during a migraine attack but not in asymptomatic migraine patients or patients with muscle contraction (tension) headache. CSF cyclic AMP was also elevated in patients with recent onset of thromboembolic occlusive CVD and in patients studied during or within 48 hours of a migraine attack. Since biochemical abnormalities reported herein were common to occlusive CVD and migraine headache, it seems probable that they are due to ischemia associated with both conditions and possibly related to the resultant disorder of cerebral energy metabolism.
Advanced Peer-to-Peer Networking: The P-Grid System and its Applications (2003)

The limitations of client/server systems become evident in an Internet-scale distributed environment. Peer-topeer (P2P) systems offer an interesting alternative to traditional client/server systems: Every node acts both as a client and a server and &#8220;pays&#8221; its participation by providing access to its computing resources. Systems such as Napster and Gnutella have proven their practical applicability. In this article we give an overview of our PGrid system which provides an advanced P2P infrastructure targeted at application domains beyond mere filesharing. We present the conceptual foundations and outline some of the applications we are developing at the moment.
Selective bromination of alkanes and arylalkanes with CBr4 (2000)

The catalytic bromination of alkanes, cycloalkanes and arylalkanes with near 100% yields was performed using CBr4 as a brominating agent in the presence of copper- and nickel-containing catalysts.
Symptomatic Onset of Severe Hemophilia A in Childhood is Dependent on the Presence of Prothrombotic Risk Factors (2001)

Summary It has been recently suggested that the clinical phenotype of severe hemophilia A (HA) is influenced by co-inheritance with the factor V G1691A mutation. We therefore investigated 124 pediatric PUP patients with hemophilia (A: n = 111) consecutively admitted to German pediatric hemophilia treatment centers. In addition to factor VIII activity, the factor V (FV) G1691A mutation, the prothrombin (PT) G20210A variant, antithrombin, protein C, protein S and anti-thrombin were investigated. 92 out of 111 HA patients (F VIII activity &lt; 1%) were suffering from severe HA. The prevalence of prothrombotic risk factors in children with severe HA was no different from previously reported data: FV G1691A 6.5%, PT G20201A 3.2%, and protein C type I deficiency 1.1%. No deficiency states of antithrombin or protein S were found in this cohort of hemophilic patients. The first symptomatic bleeding leading to diagnosis of severe hemophilia (&lt; 1%) occurred with a median (range) age of 1.6 years (0.5-7.1) in children carrying defects within the protein C pathway or the PT gene mutation compared with non-carriers of prothrombotic risk factors (0.9 years (0.1-4.0; p = 0.01). The cumulative event-free bleeding survival was significantly prolonged in children carrying additionally prothrombotic defects (log-rank/Mantel-Cox: p = 0.0098). In conclusion, data of this multicenter cohort study clearly demonstrate that the first symptomatic bleeding onset in children with severe HA carrying prothrombotic risk factors is significantly later in life than in non-carriers.
Ethylene polymerizations with disiloxane‐bridged indenyl and cyclopentadienyl metallocene catalysts (1997)

Abstract ansa ‐Tetramethyldisiloxane‐bridged indenyl, tetrahydroindenyl and cyclopentadienyl zirconium complexes 1 – 4 were prepared. The pure rac ‐ 1 – 3 and meso ‐ 1 – 2 complexes were separated by fractional crystallization. Indenyl complexes, both rac ‐ 1 and meso ‐ 1 , in the presence of methylaluminoxane (MAO), have very high activities for ethylene polymerization. The molecular weight of polyethylene produced with rac ‐ 1 is extremely high and significantly dependent on polymerization temperature. The tert ‐butyl‐substituted cyclopentadienyl complex exhibits low activity and produces polyethylene of low molecular weight.
LEDGF/p75 Proteins with Alternative Chromatin Tethers Are Functional HIV-1 Cofactors (2009)

LEDGF/p75 can tether over-expressed lentiviral integrase proteins to chromatin but how this underlies its integration cofactor role for these retroviruses is unclear. While a single integrase binding domain (IBD) binds integrase, a complex N-terminal domain ensemble (NDE) interacts with unknown chromatin ligands. Whether integration requires chromatin tethering per se, specific NDE-chromatin ligand interactions or other emergent properties of LEDGF/p75 has been elusive. Here we replaced the NDE with strongly divergent chromatin-binding modules. The chimeras rescued integrase tethering and HIV-1 integration in LEDGF/p75-deficient cells. Furthermore, chromatin ligands could reside inside or outside the nucleosome core, and could be protein or DNA. Remarkably, a short Kaposi's sarcoma virus peptide that binds the histone 2A/B dimer converted GFP-IBD from an integration blocker to an integration cofactor that rescues over two logs of infectivity. NDE mutants were corroborative. Chromatin tethering per se is a basic HIV-1 requirement and this rather than engagement of particular chromatin ligands is important for the LEDGF/p75 cofactor mechanism.
The Nation‐State Form and the Emergence of ‘Minorities' in Syria (2007)

Abstract Minorities are specifically modern political groupings: they belong to the era of nation‐states. This article explores the emergence of minorities in Syria under the French mandate. It examines the contradictions caused by French attempts to impose a religious political order within the secular form of the nation‐state, showing how that form created minorities, most of whom cannot simply be mapped onto the millets , or religious communities, of the Ottoman Empire. Using French and Syrian sources from the archives of the French High Commission, the article examines various religious and ethnolinguistic minorities to show how their emergence was governed by the nation‐state form. French colonial policy influenced their development, but not their existence. The article draws on publications from the nationalist press of the period to show how the formation of minority and majority consciousness constitutes a larger process that is intimately linked to the nationstate form. The Syrian case is presented for comparative study and warns against an unreflective use of ‘minority’ as an analytical category.
Spin‐echo fMRI in humans using high spatial resolutions and high magnetic fields (2003)

The Hahn spin-echo (HSE)-based BOLD effect at high magnetic fields is expected to provide functional images that originate exclusively from the microvasculature. The blood contribution that dominates HSE BOLD contrast at low magnetic fields (e.g., 1.5 T), and degrades specificity, is highly attenuated at high fields because the apparent T(2) of venous blood in an HSE experiment decreases quadratically with increasing magnetic field. In contrast, the HSE BOLD contrast is believed to arise from the microvasculature and increase supralinearly with the magnetic field strength. In this work we report the results of detailed and quantitative evaluations of HSE BOLD signal changes for functional imaging in the human visual cortex at 4 and 7 T. This study used high spatial resolution, afforded by the increased signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of higher field strengths and surface coils, to avoid partial volume effects (PVEs), and demonstrated increased contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and spatial specificity at the higher field strengths. The HSE BOLD signal changes induced by visual stimulation were predominantly linearly dependent on the echo time (TE). They increased in magnitude almost quadratically in going from 4 to 7 T when the blood contribution was suppressed using Stejskal-Tanner gradients that suppress signals from the blood due to its inhomogeneous flow and higher diffusion constant relative to tissue. The HSE signal changes at 7 T were modeled accurately using a vascular volume of 1.5%, in agreement with the capillary volume of gray matter. Furthermore, high-resolution acquisitions indicate that CNR increased with voxel sizes < 1 mm(3) due to diminishing white matter or cerebrospinal fluid-space vs. gray matter PVEs. It was concluded that the high-field HSE functional MRI (fMRI) signals originated largely from the capillaries, and that the magnitude of the signal changes associated with brain function reached sufficiently high levels at 7 T to make it a useful approach for mapping on the millimeter to submillimeter spatial scale.
Study on the synthesis of silver nanowires with adjustable diameters through the polyol process (2006)

Silver nanowires with adjustable diameters ranging from 20 to 500 nm have been synthesized by introducing certain control agents into the conventional polyol process. These control agents can be classified into three types: inorganic anions, metal cations, and molecules. The as-synthesized nanowires also exhibit size dependent UV–vis absorption spectra, which are meaningful to the fabrication of nanodevices. It is presumed that the control agents could influence the size of the initial nucleus and therefore the diameters of the final nanowires through forming silver salt colloids or varying the rate of silver reduction. This synthetical strategy may also provide a versatile route to prepare nanomaterials with well-defined diameters.
Eco-friendly production of high quality low cost graphene and its application in lithium ion batteries (2015)

A green method is discussed in which hydrogen exfoliates industrial grade graphite materials into high quality graphene with impressive properties for advanced lithium-ion batteries.
Oral Anticoagulant Treatment with and without Aspirin (1995)

For preventing thromboembolic events, the concurrent use of oral anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs has been proposed. In prosthetic heart valves the use of moderate intensity anticoagulants [International Normalized Ratio (INR) 2-3] plus aspirin (100 mg/day) decreases the amount and severity of embolic episodes. The possibility that the same regimen could provide benefit in the prevention of thrombotic events in other arterial diseases is also indicated by the ATACS trial in unstable angina. The ongoing studies in ischemic heart diseases will also give the answer to this possibility.
A robust audio searching method for cellular-phone-based music information retrieval (2003)

We propose a search method for detecting a query audio signal fragment in long audio recordings. The query signal is assumed to be captured by a portable terminal, such as a cellular phone, in the real world. A major problem in this kind of search is that the features of the query sound may include distortions due to terminal characteristics or environment noise. The method proposed comprises local time-frequency-region normalization and robust subspace spanning. The former is used to make features invariant to additive noise and frequency characteristics, and the latter to choose frequency bands that minimize the effect of feature distortions. Experiments using cellular phones in the real world show the proposed method is effective.
Expression and Contribution of Endogenous IL-13 in an Experimental Model of Sepsis (2000)

IL-13 has been shown to exert potent anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we elucidated the functional role of endogenous IL-13 in a murine model of septic peritonitis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Initial studies demonstrated that the level of IL-13 increased in tissues including liver, lung, and kidney, whereas no considerable increase was found in either peritoneal fluid or serum after CLP. Immunohistochemically, IL-13-positive cells were Kupffer cells in liver, alveolar macrophages in lung, and epithelial cells of urinary tubules in kidney. IL-13 blockade with anti-IL-13 Abs significantly decreased the survival rate of mice after CLP from 53% to 14% on day 7 compared with control. To determine the potential mechanisms whereby IL-13 exerted a protective role in this model, the effects of anti-IL-13 Abs on both local and systemic inflammation were investigated. Administration of anti-IL-13 Abs did not alter the leukocyte infiltration and bacterial load in the peritoneum after CLP but dramatically increased the neutrophil influx in tissues after CLP, an effect that was accompanied by significant increases in the serum levels of aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine. Tissue injury caused by IL-13 blockade was associated with increases in mRNA and the protein levels of CXC chemokines macrophage inflammatory protein-2 and KC as well as the CC chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha and the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha. Collectively, these results suggest that endogenous IL-13 protected mice from CLP-induced lethality by modulating inflammatory responses via suppression of overzealous production of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines in tissues.
Field emission of carbon nanotubes grown on carbon cloth (2005)

Field emission of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) grown on carbon cloth under various growth conditions has been studied. Iron sulfate or stainless steel was used as the catalyst, acetylene (C2H2) or methane (CH4) was used as the carbon source, and argon (Ar), hydrogen (H2), or ammonia (NH3) was used as the carrier gas. It is found that the morphology of CNTs is strongly dependent on the growth conditions: temperature, gas combination, and growth time. In general, higher temperature produces better field emitters than lower temperature, C2H2∕Ar is better than C2H2∕NH3, but CH4∕H2 is the best, and longer growth time normally yields longer CNTs leading to better field emitters. The best sample was made from 0.18mol∕l iron sulfate catalyst with CH4∕H2 at 860 °C for 2 h: an emission current density of 1mA∕cm2 was obtained at 0.4V∕μm corresponding to a field enhancement factor of 3.5×104.
Clinical Use of Topical Retinaldehyde on Photoaged Skin (1999)

Retinaldehyde is efficient and well tolerated for the improvement of the signs of photoaging.
Particle formation under monomer‐starved conditions in the semibatch emulsion polymerization of styrene. I. Experimental (2001)

Abstract Particle formation and particle growth compete in the course of an emulsion polymerization reaction. Any variation in the rate of particle growth, therefore, will result in an opposite effect on the rate of particle formation. The particle formation in a semibatch emulsion polymerization of styrene under monomer‐starved conditions was studied. The semibatch emulsion polymerization reactions were started by the monomer being fed at a low rate to a reaction vessel containing deionized water, an emulsifier, and an initiator. The number of polymer particles increased with a decreasing monomer feed rate. A much larger number of particles (within 1–2 orders of magnitude) than that generally expected from a conventional batch emulsion polymerization was obtained. The results showed a higher dependence of the number of polymer particles on the emulsifier and initiator concentrations compared with that for a batch emulsion polymerization. The size distribution of the particles was characterized by a positive skewness due to the declining rate of the growth of particles during the nucleation stage. A routine for monomer partitioning among the polymer phase, the aqueous phase, and micelles was developed. The results showed that particle formation most likely occurred under monomer‐starved conditions. A small average radical number was obtained because of the formation of a large number of polymer particles, so the kinetics of the system could be explained by a zero–one system. The particle size distribution of the latexes broadened with time as a result of stochastic broadening associated with zero–one systems. © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 39: 3940–3952, 2001
A database analysis of jacalin-like lectins: sequence-structure-function relationships (2004)

Lectins are known to be important for many biological processes, due to their ability to recognize cell surface carbohydrates with high specificity. Plant lectins have been model systems to study protein-carbohydrate recognition, because individually they exhibit high sensitivity and as a group large diversity in recognizing carbohydrate structures. Although extensive studies have been carried out for legume lectins that have led to interesting insights into the sequence determinants of sugar recognition in them, frameworks with such specific correlations are not available for other plant lectin families. This study reports a large-scale data acquisition and extensive analysis of sequences and structures of beta-prism-I or jacalin-related lectins (JRLs) and shows that hypervariability in the binding site loops generates carbohydrate recognition diversity, a strategy analogous to that in legume lectins. Analyses of the size, conformation, and sequence variability in key regions reveal the existence of a common theme, encoded as a set of structural features over a common scaffold, in defining specificity. This study also points to the remarkable range of domain architectures, often arising out of gene duplication events in lectins of this family. The data analyzed here also indicate a spectacular variety of quaternary associations possible in this family of lectins that have implications for glycan recognition. These results thus provide sequence-structure-function correlations, an understanding of the molecular basis of carbohydrate recognition by beta-prism-I lectins, and also a rationale for engineering specific recognition capabilities in relevant molecules.
A Handbook of Bioanalysis and Drug Metabolism (2004)

The Role of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics in Drug Discovery: Past, Present and Future The Importance of the Physiochemical Properties of Drugs to Drug Metabolism Sample Preparation High Performance Liquid Chromatography in Pharmaceutical Bioanalysis Quantitative Mass Spectronomy Immunoassay in Bioanalysis Phase I Metabolism Phase II Enzymes In vitro Techniques for Investigating Metabolism Drug-Drug Interactions: an in vitro Approach Clinical Impact of Drug-Drug Interactions Preclinical Pharmacokinetics Pharmacokinetic / Pharmacodynamic Modeling in Preclinical Drug Discovery Toxicokinetics Protein Binding in Plasma: A Case History of a Highly Protein Bound Drug Metabolite Identification by Spectroscopy Whole Body Autoradiography Radiolabeled Studies in Man Molecular Genetics
Dynamic road scene classification: Combining motion with a visual vocabulary model (2013)

The majority of studies in scene classification have focused on still images, ignoring potentially informative temporal cues. This paper explores the combination of multi-scale appearance and motion features for classification of scenes captured from a moving vehicle under real-world driving. The objective is to classify unknown scenes in one out of a set of predefined typical road scene classes that are learnt during training. The method is studying the performance of a state-of-the-art scene classification visual vocabulary model (known also as bag of features model) when appearance image features and video motion features are combined for SVM learning and classification. The sequence of scenes is captured from a moving vehicle equipped with a frontal camera sensor. Video driving data used for evaluation were available by two test vehicles (a passenger car and a truck) participating in the European interactIVe IP. It is shown that a notable performance increase is realized by appearance-temporal approach in comparison to purely appearance or purely temporal methods. The quantitative evaluation has been performed using manually annotated video sequences.
Physical Unclonable Functions and Public-Key Crypto for FPGA IP Protection (2007)

In recent years, IP protection of FPGA hardware designs has become a requirement for many IP vendors. To this end solutions have been proposed based on the idea of bitstream encryption, symmetric-key primitives, and the use of Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs). In this paper, we propose new protocols for the IP protection problem on FPGAs based on public-key (PK) cryptography, analyze the advantages and costs of such an approach, and describe a PUF intrinsic to current FPGAs based on SRAM properties. A major advantage of using PK-based protocols is that they do not require the private key stored in the FPGA to leave the device, thus increasing security. This added security comes at the cost of additional hardware resources but it does not cause significant performance degradation.