gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneous Virulence of Enteroaggregative<i>Escherichia coli</i>Strains Isolated from Children in Southwest Nigeria (2000)

Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) has been implicated in acute and persistent diarrhea, and most strains harbor a member of a partially-conserved plasmid family (called pAA). We studied EAEC isolated from Nigerian children aged <5 years to elucidate the roles of plasmid and chromosomal EAEC loci. We tested a total of 131 EAEC strains isolated from acute diarrhea case patients and control subjects for hybridization with 8 pAA plasmid-derived and 2 chromosomal gene probes, for several in vitro phenotypes and for resistance to antimicrobial agents. Using by multiple logistic regression, we found genes encoding the AAF/II fimbriae to be strongly associated with diarrhea in this population. EAEC strains appear to be of heterogeneous virulence, and data suggest that AAF/II may be a marker for pathogenic strains.
Clinical impact of a sub-epidermal moisture scanner: what is the real-world use? (2021)

In this study, SEM analysis fitted seamlessly into routine skin assessment and enabled early identification of increased risk of tissue damage, with clinically important reductions in the incidence of HAPU across all participating sites.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Meccano. Part 63. Dual‐Mode “Coconformational” Switching in Catenanes Incorporating Bipyridinium and Dialkylammonium Recognition Sites. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Pharmacology of FMRFamide‐related Peptides in Helminths (1999)

Nervous systems of helminths are highly peptidergic. Species in the phylum Nematoda (roundworms) possess at least 50 FMRFamide-related peptides (FaRPs), with more yet to be identified. To date, few non-FaRP neuropeptides have been identified in these organisms, though evidence suggests that other families are present. FaRPergic systems have important functions in nematode neuromuscular control. In contrast, species in the phylum Platyhelminthes (flatworms) apparently utilize fewer FaRPs than do nematodes; those species examined possess one or two FaRPs. Other neuropeptides, such as neuropeptide F (NPF), play key roles in flatworm physiology. Although progress has been made in the characterization of FaRP pharmacology in helminths, much remains to be learned. Most studies on nematodes have been done with Ascaris suum because of its large size. However, thanks to the Caenorhabditis elegans genome project, we know most about the FaRP complement of this free-living animal. That essentially all C. elegans FaRPs are active on at least one A. suum neuromuscular system argues for conservation of ligand-receptor recognition features among the Nematoda. Structure-activity studies on nematode FaRPs have revealed that structure-activity relationship (SAR) "rules" differ considerably among the FaRPs. Second messenger studies, along with experiments on ionic dependence and anatomical requirements for activity, reveal that FaRPs act through many different mechanisms. Platyhelminth FaRPs are myoexcitatory, and no evidence exists of multiple FaRP receptors in flatworms. Interestingly, there are examples of cross-phylum activity, with some nematode FaRPs being active on flatworm muscle. The extent to which other invertebrate FaRPs show cross-phylum activity remains to be determined. How FaRPergic nerves contribute to the control of behavior in helminths, and are integrated with non-neuropeptidergic systems, also remains to be elucidated.
Subunit peptide cancer vaccines targeting activating mutations of the p21 ras proto-oncogene. (1995)

Activating mutations of the p21 ras proto-oncogene are involved in the development of many common malignancies. Because activating mutations are limited in number, occur within otherwise completely conserved regions, and can be expressed by premalignant lesions, ras is an attractive target for subunit peptide vaccine approaches. Several studies in transplantable tumor models support the possibility that protection against tumors bearing activated ras can be achieved using peptide-based immunogens. We have identified an autochthonous tumor model, A/J mouse lung, which parallels human tumors in the progression of proliferative lesions from premalignant to malignant and which is a very sensitive in vivo system for the detection of activated ras. Although T-cells recognizing a number of activating substitutions can be elicited in this model, peptide immunogens corresponding to the most commonly observed activating mutations are weakly immunogenic. We have engineered a chimeric immunogen incorporating a promiscuous T-cell epitope to enhance the immunogenicity of an oligopeptide corresponding to a weakly immunogenic substitution. These and other challenges associated with developing subunit peptide vaccines to prevent tumors bearing activated ras are discussed.
Assay of methylmalonic acid in the serum of patients with cobalamin deficiency using capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. (1986)

To determine the incidence of elevated levels of serum methylmalonic acid in patients with cobalamin deficiency, we utilized a new capillary gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric technique to measure methylmalonic acid in the serum of 73 patients with clinically confirmed cobalamin deficiency. Values ranged from 55 to 22,300 ng/ml, and 69 of the 73 patients had values above the normal range of 19-76 ng/ml as determined for 50 normal blood donors. In the cobalamin-deficient patients, serum methylmalonic acid was significantly correlated with the serum folate level and the degree of neurologic involvement. Some patients with pernicious anemia who were intermittently treated with cyanocobalamin were found to have elevated serum levels of methylmalonic acid while free of hematologic and neurologic abnormalities. A cobalamin-deficient patient is described with a normal serum cobalamin and an elevated serum methylmalonic acid. We conclude that the ability to measure methylmalonic acid in human serum will be useful in studies designed to determine the incidence of cobalamin deficiency in various patient populations.
Human resource management in general practice: survey of current practice. (1996)

This study shows that practice size is a major factor associated with differences in the organization and management of staffing. Any initiatives which increase the scale of primary care functions and services would have to address the issues of communication and coordination that might be associated with such a change.
Molecular analysis of breaks in BCL-1 proto-oncogene in B-cell lymphomas with abnormalities of 11q13. (1989)

The t(11;14)(q13;q32) is a recurring translocation that occurs infrequently but non-randomly in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. The putative oncogene BCL-1 located at the chromosomal band 11q13 has been cloned previously from a B-cell CLL with t(11;14). We studied the molecular structure of the BCL-1 gene in eight B-cell NHL tumors that exhibited a break at 11q13. The cytogenetic changes in these tumors were t(11;14) in three, t(1;11;14)(q32;q13;q32) in two and dup(11)(pter----q23::11q13----ter) in three. The BCL-1 gene was found to have rearranged in two tumors. By Southern blot analysis of single and double digested DNA from placenta and from the tumors, we mapped the breakpoint in BCL-1 to a 0.5 kb Pst-I-HindIII restriction fragment which was approximately 2kb away from the sites of previously mapped breakpoints. Sequential hybridization of Southern blots of these tumors with different immunoglobulin probes (for J region, Cu, Su) and BCL-1 probe identified co-migrating fragments with Su probe after BamHI restriction digestion. These results demonstrate that translocation breaks in the BCL-1 gene are not clustered in a short stretch of DNA at 11q13, and that the translocation related breaks in the immunoglobulin heavy chain can occur outside the joining region. The implications of these observations to the genesis of chromosomal translocations during B cell development are discussed.
Shape-adaptive DCT with block-based DC separation and ΔDC correction (1998)

This paper refers to a shape-adaptive DCT algorithm (SA-DCT) originally proposed by Sikora and Makai (see ibid., vol.5, p.59-62, 1995). The SA-DCT has been developed in the framework of the ongoing MPEG-4 standardization phase of ISO/IEC, and has been included in the video verification model of MPEG-4. In this context, the focus of the paper is to emphasize a systematic performance limitation of conventional SA-DCT, and to propose an extended version (/spl Delta/DC-SA-DCT) which avoids this restriction in general. This modification considerably improves the efficiency of SA-DCT, and can easily be implemented in existing SA-DCT tools.
Design, synthesis, and testing of potential antisickling agents. 1. Halogenated benzyloxy and phenoxy acids (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDesign, synthesis, and testing of potential antisickling agents. 1. Halogenated benzyloxy and phenoxy acidsDonald J. Abraham, Ahmed S. Mehanna, and Franki L. WilliamsCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1982, 25, 9, 1015–1017Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00351a002https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00351a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views115Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Free-Radical Hydroxylation Reactions of Alkylboronates (2002)

The radical hydroxylation of B-alkylcatecholboranes, easily prepared by hydroboration of olefins, has been investigated. When molecular oxygen was used as oxidizing agent, the corresponding alcohols were obtained directly without alkaline treatment. The presence of Lewis base additives such as Et3N or DABCO has a benefic effect on the selectivity and yield. Alternatively, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl (TEMPO) reacts cleanly with B-alkylcatecholboranes to afford alkyl radicals that can be trapped by a second equivalent of TEMPO to give alkoxyamines. Reduction of the alkoxyamines with zinc in acetic acid affords the desired alcohols. The whole procedure is particularly mild and does not require any basic condition. The two approaches presented in this paper are valuable and represent mild alternatives to the classical alkaline oxidation of organoboranes to alcohols.
Suspected Ectopic Pregnancy (2006)

Women who present with pain and bleeding in the first trimester are at risk for ectopic pregnancy, a life-threatening condition. Conditions that predispose a woman to ectopic pregnancy are damaged fallopian tubes from prior tubal surgery or previous pelvic infection, smoking, and conception using assisted reproduction. Many women without risk factors can develop an ectopic pregnancy. A diagnostic algorithm that includes the use of transvaginal ultrasonography, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) concentrations, and, sometimes, uterine curettage can definitively diagnose women at risk in a timely manner. The absence of an intrauterine pregnancy above an established cut point of hCG is consistent with an abnormal pregnancy but does not distinguish a miscarriage from an ectopic pregnancy. When the initial hCG value is low, serial hCG values can be used to determine whether a gestation is potentially viable or spontaneously resolving. The minimal rise in hCG for a viable pregnancy is 53% in 2 days. The minimal decline of a spontaneous abortion is 21-35% in 2 days, depending on the initial level. A rise or fall in serial hCG values that is slower than this is suggestive of an ectopic pregnancy. Women diagnosed with an unruptured ectopic pregnancy are potential candidates for medical management with methotrexate. Intramuscular injection with methotrexate can be used to safely treat an ectopic pregnancy with success rates, tubal patency rates, and future fertility that are similar to those obtained with conservative surgery. Success rates using methotrexate are inversely rated to baseline hCG values and are higher using "multidose" compared with "single-dose" regimens. Surgical treatment may be conservative or definitive and should be attempted in most cases via laparoscopy.
Structural Features Mediating Fibrin Selectivity of Vampire Bat Plasminogen Activators (1995)

The distinguishing characteristic of vampire bat (Desmodus rotundus) salivary plasminogen activators (DSPAs) is their strict requirement for fibrin as a cofactor. DSPAs consist of structural modules known from urokinase (u-PA) and tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) such as finger (F), epidermal growth factor (E), kringle (K), and protease (P), combining to four genetically and biochemically distinct isoenzymes, exhibiting the formulas FEKP (DSPA alpha 1 and alpha 2) and EKP and KP (DSPA beta and DSPA gamma). Only DSPA alpha 1 and alpha 2 bind to fibrin. All DSPAs are single-chain molecules, displaying substantial amidolytic activity. In a plasminogen activation assay, all four DSPAs are almost inactive in the absence of fibrin but strongly stimulated by fibrin addition. The catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) of DSPA alpha 1 increases 10(5)-fold, whereas the corresponding value of t-PA is only 550. The ratio of the bimolecular rate constants of plasminogen activation in the presence of fibrin versus fibrinogen (fibrin selectivity) of DSPA alpha 1, alpha 2, beta, gamma, and t-PA was found to be 13,000, 6500, 250, 90, and 72, respectively. Whereas all DSPAs are therefore more fibrin dependent and fibrin selective than t-PA, the extent depends on the respective presence of the various domains. The introduction of a plasmin-sensitive cleavage site in a position akin to the one in t-PA partially obliterates fibrin cofactor requirement. Fibrin dependence and fibrin selectivity of DSPAs are accordingly mediated by fibrin binding, which involves the F domain, as yet undefined determinants within the K and P domains, and by the absence of a plasmin-sensitive activation site. These findings transcend the current understanding of fibrin-mediated stimulation of plasminogen activation: in addition to fibrin binding, specific protein-protein interactions come into play, which stabilize the enzyme in its active conformation.
Atmospheric Pressure Ionization (API) Mass Spectrometry. Solvent-Mediated Ionization of Samples Introduced in Solution and in a Liquid Chromatograph Effluent Stream (1974)

Atmospheric pressure ionization (API) mass spectrometry is a novel form of mass spectrometry in which ions are generated in a reaction chamber external to the low pressure region of a quadrupole mass analyzer. Samples may be introduced in solvent-free fashion (by vaporization in a stream of preheated carrier gas, or in the effluent stream from a gas chromatograph) or with solvents (by injection of solutions, or in the effluent stream from a liquid chromatograph). Solvent-mediated ionization reactions leading to positive ions were studied. A liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer-computer (LC-MS-COM) analytical system was constructed; the entire effluent stream from the chromatograph was vaporized through the API source.
Algorithms for Fast Large Scale Data Mining Using Logistic Regression (2007)

This paper proposes two new efficient algorithms to train logistic regression classifiers using very large data sets. Our algorithms will lower the upper bound time complexity that the existing algorithm in the literature has and our experiments confirm that our proposed algorithms significantly improve the execution time. For our data sets, which come from Microsoft's Web logs, the execution time was reduced up to 353 times as compared to the algorithm often referenced in the literature. The improvement will be even greater for larger data sets
PROBLEMS IN ASTROMETRY: The catadioptric refractor (1954)

. For the most precise astrometric work it has proved necessary to use only the great refracting telescope, al- though such an instrument still falls short of perfection. The color curve is so severe that faint companions may become unobservable, or a dependence on spectral type may be introduced. Spectroscopic and spectrographic work are also affected. The author proposes here a revival of interest in the Schupmann medial telescope, redesigned for the requirements of modern researches, and discusses the pros and cons of such an instrument for astrometric applications.
Recurrent pregnancy loss with antiphospholipid antibody: a systematic review of therapeutic trials (2002)

Combination therapy with aspirin and heparin may reduce pregnancy loss in women with antiphospholipid antibodies by 54%. Further large, randomized controlled trials with adequate allocation concealment are necessary to exclude significant adverse effects.
Direct detection of single nucleotide polymorphism using genetic field effect transistor (2004)

We have been investigating a new approach to realize an clectrochemical detection for DNA chips, although a number of fluorescent detection methods ate widely used for SNP genotyping [l]. The novel concept of a genetic field effect transistor (FET) is proposed in the present study for improving precision, standardization and miniaturization of a DNA chip system. The genetic FET is composed of Si with Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> /SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> as the gate insulator on which DNA probes are immobilized and subsequently hybridized with target DNA in sample solutions. The potentiometric detection method is based on the direct transduction of surface density change of charged biomolecules into electrical signal by the field effect and is effective for charged species such as DNA molecules. Here, we report the concept of genetic FET and the ability of SNP genotyping by controlling hybridization temperatures, and by the utilization of intercalator or primer extension reaction using the genetic FET.
Electrochemical in situ investigations of SEI and dendrite formation on the lithium metal anode (2015)

This comparative work studies the self-enforcing heterogeneity of lithium deposition and dissolution as the cause for dendrite formation on the lithium metal anode in various liquid organic solvent based electrolytes. In addition, the ongoing lithium corrosion, its rate and thus the passivating quality of the SEI are investigated in self-discharge measurements. The behavior of the lithium anode is characterized in two carbonate-based standard electrolytes, 1 M LiPF6 in EC/DEC (3 : 7) and 1 M LiPF6 in EC/DMC (1 : 1), and in two alternative electrolytes 1 M LiPF6 in TEGDME and 1 M LiTFSI in DMSO, which have been proposed in the literature as promising electrolytes for lithium metal batteries, more specifically for lithium/air batteries. As a result, electrolyte decomposition, SEI and dendrite formation at the lithium electrode as well as their mutual influences are understood in the development of overpotentials, surface resistances and lithium electrode surface morphologies in subsequent lithium deposition and dissolution processes. A general model of different stages of these processes could be elaborated.
DSP-based high precision current tracking control of gradient coil in two-paralleled PWM amplifiers for MRI systems (2002)

This paper presents a two-paralleled PWM amplifier using the switch-mode power current tracking technique in order to generate a gradient magnetic field in a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system. This circuit has 8-IGBTs at their inputs/outputs so as to realize further high-power density. A digital control scheme can minimize the current ripple and improve its control response in the gradient coils (GCs). It is proved that the proposed technique will highly enlarge the diagnostic target and improve the image quality of MRI.
Norepinephrine and Concentric Hypertrophy in Patients With End-Stage Renal Disease (2002)

We have recently observed that in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) raised plasma norepinephrine (NE) is an independent predictor of incident cardiovascular events but that its prognostic power is reduced when this sympathetic marker is tested in statistical models including also left ventricular mass. Because left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) may be a mechanism whereby NE contributes to the high rate of cardiovascular events in ESRD, we examined the relationship between plasma NE and echocardiographic parameters of left ventricle mass in a large group of ESRD patients. Mean wall thickness (MWT) was higher in patients in the third NE tertile than in the other 2 tertiles (P=0.001), and such an increase was paralleled by a rise in relative wall thickness (RWT) (P=0.006). Concentric LVH was more prevalent in patients in the third NE tertile (46%) than in the second (38%) and first (25%) NE tertiles. Multivariate regression analysis confirmed that the association of plasma NE with the muscular component of left ventricle (MWT) and with RWT was independent (P< or =0.001) of other cardiovascular risk factors, and in these models, plasma NE ranked as the second correlate of MWT and RWT. Similarly, multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the association of plasma NE with concentric LVH was strong and again independent of other risk factors (P=0.003). Plasma NE is associated to concentric LVH in ESRD patients. These observations constitute a sound basis for testing the effect of anti-adrenergic drugs on left ventricle mass and on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with ESRD.