gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
한국형토지정보체계 구축에 있어서 지번의 효과적 활용에 관한 연구 (1994)

지번은 한국의 행정업무에 있어서 중요한 개념이며, 이를 효과적으로 관리하고 효율적으로 전산정보화하는 것이 행정업무능률향상에 중요하고, 한국형 토지정보 체계구축의 관건이라고 할 수 있다. 그러므로, 본 연구의 목적은 한국에서의 지번 의 역할을 외국과 비교하고, 한국실정에 맞는 지번의 전산정보설계(database design)구축에 있어서 문제점을 제시하며, 이에 대한 부분적인 해결책을 모색하는데에 있다. 이와 같은 지번을 한국형토지정보체계에서 효율적으로 활용되기 위 해서는 (1) 토지 행정에 효율적으로 대처하는 효과적인 지번관리체계 구축 (2) 현 재의 도로지번은 과세목적으로 관리되는 일반 대지와 같이 구체적으로 분류되어 있지 않으므로, 도로관리를 위한 도로 지번체계 부여 (3) 3차원 지번 관리의 필 요동을 해결해야 하며, 아울러, 국가 측지방에 의한 정확한 좌표체계 수립이 필수 적이다.
Effects of electron beam irradiation on commercial polypropylene: Kinetic study of antioxidant degradation (1992)

Abstract The long‐term influence of electron beam irradiation on food packaging materials (OPP) was studied. After irradiating the material at dose levels of 2, 5 and 10 kGy, we have shown a partial or complete disappearance of the antioxidant (Irganox 1010 and Irgafos 168) over time and a release of five new compounds resulting from antioxidant degradation. All of these degradation compounds have been identified and quantitatively analysed in relation to post‐irradiation time and absorbed dose. These results allow an explanation of the antioxidants' behaviour during storage of the irradiated polypropylene at room temperature.
Epithelial membrane protein-1 is a biomarker of gefitinib resistance (2005)

We describe a molecular resistance biomarker to gefitinib, epithelial membrane protein-1 (EMP-1). Gefitinib is a small-molecule inhibitor that competes for the ATP-binding site on EGF receptor (EGFR) and has been approved for patients with advanced lung cancers. Treatment with gefitinib has resulted in clinical benefit in patients, and, recently, heterozygous somatic mutations within the EGFR catalytic domain have been identified as a clinical correlate to objective response to gefitinib. However, clinical resistance to gefitinib limits the utility of this therapeutic to a fraction of patients, and objective clinical responses are rare. We aimed to assess the molecular phenotype and mechanism of in vivo gefitinib resistance in xenograft models and in patient samples. We generated in vivo gefitinib-resistance models in an adenocarcinoma xenograft model by serially passaging tumors in nude mice in presence of gefitinib until resistance was acquired. EMP-1 was identified as a surface biomarker whose expression correlated with acquisition of gefitinib resistance. EMP-1 expression was further correlated with lack of complete or partial response to gefitinib in lung cancer patient samples as well as clinical progression to secondary gefitinib resistance. EMP-1 expression and acquisition of gefitinib clinical resistance was independent of gefitinib-sensitizing EGFR somatic mutations. This report suggests the role of the adhesion molecule, EMP-1, as a biomarker of gefitinib clinical resistance, and further suggests a probable cross-talk between this molecule and the EGFR signaling pathway.
Partial promoter substitutions generating transcriptional sentinels of diverse signaling pathways in embryonic stem cells and mice (2012)

Extracellular signals in development, physiology, homeostasis and disease often act by regulating transcription. Herein we describe a general method and specific resources for determining where and when such signaling occurs in live animals and for systematically comparing the timing and extent of different signals in different cellular contexts. We used recombinase-mediated cassette exchange (RMCE) to test the effect of successively deleting conserved genomic regions of the ubiquitously active Rosa26 promoter and substituting the deleted regions for regulatory sequences that respond to diverse extracellular signals. We thereby created an allelic series of embryonic stem cells and mice, each containing a signal-responsive sentinel with different fluorescent reporters that respond with sensitivity and specificity to retinoic acids, bone morphogenic proteins, activin A, Wnts or Notch, and that can be adapted to any pathway that acts via DNA elements.
Viral chemokine-binding proteins (2002)

The chemokines are a large family of small signaling proteins that bind to G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) on target cells and mediate the directional migration of immune cells into sites of infection or inflammation. The large DNA viruses, particularly the poxviruses and herpesviruses, have evolved several mechanisms to corrupt the normal functioning of the chemokine network. Two strategies rely on mimicking chemokines or chemokine receptors. A third strategy involves the production of secreted chemokine-binding proteins (CKBPs) that exhibit no sequence similarity to any known host proteins, yet function to competitively bind and inhibit the interactions of chemokines with cognate receptors. Each strategy has provided unique insights into the elusively complex world of the chemokines. Here, we focus on recent advances made in the understanding of secreted CKBPs encoded by poxviruses and herpesviruses. A better understanding of how viral CKBPs function to manipulate the immune response may provide further clues as to how to develop specific therapeutic agents to abrogate chemokine-mediated disease conditions.
Glucagon-Like Peptide-1-(7-36)Amide Is Transformed to Glucagon-Like Peptide-1-(9-36)Amide by Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV in the Capillaries Supplying the L Cells of the Porcine Intestine (1999)

The insulinotropic hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is stored in the intestinal L cell in an active form, GLP-1-(7–36)amide, but more than half of the endogenous peptide circulates in an inactive, N-terminally truncated form, GLP-1-(9–36)amide. This study examined the GLP-1 newly secreted from the porcine ileum, in vitro (isolated perfused preparation) and in vivo (anesthetized pig), to determine where this conversion occurs.
The Light Buffer: A Shadow-Testing Accelerator (1986)

In one area of computer graphics, realistic image synthesis, the ultimate goal is to produce a picture indistinguishable from a photograph of a real environment. A particularly powerful technique for simulating light reflection-an important element in creating this realism-is called ray tracing. This method produces images of excellent quality, but suffers from lengthy computation time that limits its practical use. This article presents a new method to reduce shadow testing time during ray tracing. The technique involves generating light buffers, each of which partition the environment with respect to an individual light source. These partition descriptions are then used during shadow testing to quickly determine a small subset of objects that may have to be tested for intersection. The results of timing tests illustrate the beneficial performance of these techniques. The tests compare the standard ray-tracing algorithm to light buffers of varying resolution.
Applying the fundamentals of quality to software acquisition (2012)

Historically, software developed under government contracts often does not stand up under real-world use, and defects frequently result in cost and schedule overruns. While proposed development activities from contractors commonly list measures to improve quality, these descriptions cannot be used to select a winning bidder if they are not part of the evaluation criteria. By making software quality requirements explicit at the proposal stage, contractor selection can be influenced by criteria based on best practices in software development.
Package design of pressure sensors for high volume consumer applications (2008)

In this abstract we outline the critical design aspects for the design of high volume pressure sensor for MEMS applications. Pressure sensor designs by their nature require the active device to be in contact with the pressure to be measured, this requirement has until now restricted the possibility of applying large volume semiconductor package manufacturing techniques to pressure sensors and hence their large scale deployment in consumer applications. The current designs of pressure sensors rely on either a separate protective membrane, a Gel-Liquid to transmit the pressure to the active device or a Gel applied on top of the sensor. The active part of the sensor is normally made up of two separate chips , the active membrane which flexes in response to external pressure the movement of which is translated into electrical signals by resistive or capacitive elements and a support chip with trapped between them a reference pressure volume. In this paper the design of a novel LGA based MEMS Pressure sensor and barometer/altimeter design are demonstrated. A single chip sensor solution is outlined with no need for the trapped reference volume between the support chip and the sensor membrane. In this single chip sensor solution the reference pressure volume is trapped within the chip itself improving both the chip dimensions and overall reliability by eliminating the joint between the two chips. The Packaging for a this single chip sensor is based on the now well established LGA sensor platform, the problem of interfacing the pressure sensor to external pressure is solved by using an exposed silicon in the over moulded package which allows the pressure sensor access to the outside pressure, reducing the overall package size for the absolute pressure sensor to 3 x 3 x 1 mm. MEMS sensor devices in general depend on their mechanical performance to translate mechanical movement into an electrical signal, the interface to the outside world, the package, is a mechanical structure that has a large influence on the device performance and must be thought of a part of the device not just as protective housing. In the case of the pressure sensor the flexible silicon membrane is influenced by the thermal stresses in the package. The design aspects that have influence on the performance of the MEMS devices are outlined, the Package and sensor devices were extensively modeled using FEA thermo-mechanical simulation with the results showing a good correlation to the final device performance. Problems encountered during the development related to device manufacturability are outlined and the solutions detailed. The final performance and reliability data is also presented demonstrating the robustness of the design solution.
Engineering dendritic cell grafts for clinical trials in cellular immunotherapy of cancer: example of chronic myelogenous leukemia. (2001)

Dendritic cells are pivotal regulators of immune reactivity and immune tolerance. The observation that dendritic cells can recruit naive T-cells has invigorated cancer immunology and stimulated clinical trials of dendritic cells in immunotherapy. However, variables inherent in preparation and use of dendritic cell grafts remain to be tested. Here we discuss the role of ex vivo dendritic cell processing for in vivo antigen presentation in clinical trials. As an example of the complexity in a clinical trial of dendritic cell vaccines, we present our ongoing trial in immunotherapy of chronic myelogenous leukemia.
Upset-tolerant CMOS SRAM using current monitoring: prototype and test experiments (2002)

This paper presents implementation and test experiments of a current monitoring technique for on-line detection and correction of transient faults in CMOS static RAMs. This technique combines built-in current sensing (BICS) with parity code to achieve zero detection latency and single-bit error correction.
In‐house validation of the BACTEC 9240 blood culture system for detection of bacterial contamination in platelet concentrates (2005)

This study validates the use of the BACTEC 9240 continuously monitored blood culture system for the detection of low-level bacterial contamination in single donor apheresis PLTs in less than 24 hours.
Ethical Guidelines for rTMS Research (1997)

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a technique introduced in 19851 that uses the principle of inductance to get electrical energy across the scalp and skull in order to produce changes in neural activity in the brain. It involves placing a small coil of wire on the calp and passing a very brief and powerful current through it. This produces a magnetic field that passes unimpeded through the tissues of the head. The magnetic field, in turn, induces a much weaker electrical current in the
GradientShop (2010)

We present an optimization framework for exploring gradient-domain solutions for image and video processing. The proposed framework unifies many of the key ideas in the gradient-domain literature under a single optimization formulation. Our hope is that this generalized framework will allow the reader to quickly gain a general understanding of the field and contribute new ideas of their own. We propose a novel metric for measuring local gradient saliency that identifies salient gradients that give rise to long, coherent edges, even when the individual gradients are faint. We present a general weighting scheme for gradient constraints that improves the visual appearance of results. We also provide a solution for applying gradient-domain filters to videos and video streams in a coherent manner. Finally, we demonstrate the utility of our formulation in creating effective yet simple to implement solutions for various image-processing tasks. To exercise our formulation we have created a new saliency-based sharpen filter and a pseudo image-relighting application. We also revisit and improve upon previously defined filters such as nonphotorealistic rendering, image deblocking, and sparse data interpolation over images (e.g., colorization using optimization).
Bcl6 controls granzyme B expression in effector CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells (2006)

Bcl6, a sequence-specific transcriptional repressor, is important for generation and maintenance of memory CD8(+) T cells. Although memory CD8(+) T cells are generated from effector CD8(+) T cells, a role for Bcl6 in effector CD8(+) T cells is largely unknown. We show here that Bcl6 expression was transiently induced in activated CD8(+) T cells and continuously up-regulated in effector CD8(+) T cells. The amount of granzyme B mRNA among effector molecules produced by effector CD8(+) T cells inversely correlated with the amount of Bcl6 mRNA in CD8(+) T cells. Overexpression of Bcl6 in CD8(+) T cells resulted in lower killing activity at their effector phase, supporting the reduction of granzyme B expression in effector CD8(+) T cells by Bcl6. We identified a putative Bcl6-binding DNA sequence in the promoter region of the granzyme B gene. Binding of Bcl6 to the Bcl6-binding sequence was detected in naive CD8(+) T cells but not in activated CD8(+) T cells by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Furthermore, the Bcl6-binding sequence was required for Bcl6 to repress the luciferase reporter gene expression controlled by the granzyme B promoter. Thus, the granzyme B gene is a molecular target of Bcl6 in effector CD8(+) T cells.
Peroxisome-Proliferator Receptor γ Represses Hepatic Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin Expression (2009)

Plasma SHBG production by the liver is influenced by its metabolic state, and hepatocyte nuclear factor-4alpha regulates SHBG expression in response to changes in lipogenesis. Peroxisome-proliferator receptors (PPARs) also regulate glucose homeostasis and fatty acid metabolism. The human SHBG promoter contains a PPAR-response element (PPAR-RE), and plasma SHBG levels increase in polycystic ovarian syndrome patients treated with the PPARgamma agonist, rosiglitazone. In addition, plasma SHBG levels are associated with a genetic polymorphism in the PPARgamma-2 coding sequence that alters its transcriptional activity. Therefore, we set out to determine whether PPARgamma influences hepatic production of SHBG by using human HepG2 hepatoblastoma cells as an in vitro model. Surprisingly, treatment of HepG2 cells with rosiglitazone reduced SHBG production and SHBG promoter activity (as assessed in a luciferase reporter gene assay) by 20-25%, whereas the PPARgamma antagonist, GW9662, increased both by 2- to 3-fold. The effects of PPARgamma agonists and antagonists on SHBG promoter activity were substantially diminished when the PPAR-RE in the SHBG promoter was mutated. A PPARgamma small interfering RNA also increased SHBG production by HepG2 cells as well as SHBG promoter activity, and the latter was accentuated by cotreatment with GW9662. Importantly, overexpression of a PPARgamma-2 Pro12 variant in HepG2 cells was more effective at reducing SHBG promoter activity, when compared with PPARgamma-2 Ala12, consistent with its superior PPAR-RE binding activity. We conclude that PPARgamma represses human SHBG expression in liver cells, and that differences in PPARgamma levels and activity contribute directly to variations in plasma SHBG levels.
Measurement of left and right ventricular volume from implanted radiopaque markers (1981)

To better understand biventricular mechanics, an algorithm was developed to simultaneously calculate right and left ventricular volumes from randomly placed subendocardial radiopaque markers. Mathematically, the ventricle is represented as a stack of circular discs. The radius R of each disc is calculated as the distance from the subendocardial radiopaque marker to a computer generated base-to-apex line, and the height H of each disc is determined by the projected distance between radiopaque markers along the base-to-apex line. Accordingly, the volume (V) is calculated as V = pi . sigma Hi . Ri2. The validity of this algorithm was tested on 10 canine left ventricular casts, on 10 human right ventricular casts, and in five experiments. For the left ventricle, the regression line between the casts (VT) and calculated (VC) volumes was VC = 0.55 VT + 6.6, with r = 0.95, standard error of estimate (Sy) = 1.9 ml, and the standard deviation of percent error = 12.6%. For the right ventricle, VC = 1.75 VT = 42.5, with r = 0.86, Sy = 16.2 ml, and the standard deviation of percent error = 24.8%. In five animal experiments, radiopaque markers were implanted into the endocardium of the left and right ventricles and comparisons were made between angiographic- and marker-determined ventricular volumes. For the five experiments, the mean correlation coefficient, relating the marker volumes to the angiographic volumes, were 0.92 +/- 0.01 for the left ventricle and 0.89 +/- 0.02 for the right ventricle. The results, which are similar to other volume-determination methods, indicate that this method can be applied to determine right and left ventricular volume. Once implanted, fluoroscopy of these markers provides a noninvasive means of calculating ventricular volume.
Aminoguanidine, an inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase, ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in SJL mice. (1994)

Previous work from our laboratory localized nitric oxide to the affected spinal cords of mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a prime model for the human disease multiple sclerosis. The present study shows that activated lymphocytes sensitized to the central nervous system encephalitogen, myelin basic protein, can induce nitric oxide production by a murine macrophage cell line. Induction was inhibited by amino-guanidine, a preferential inhibitor of the inducible nitric oxide synthase isoform, and by NG-monomethyl-L-arginine. Aminoguanidine, when administered to mice sensitized to develop experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, inhibited disease expression in a dose-related manner. At 400 mg aminoguanidine/kg per day, disease onset was delayed and the mean maximum clinical score was 0.9 +/- 1.2 in aminoguanidine versus 3.9 +/- 0.9 in placebo-treated mice. Histologic scoring of the spinal cords for inflammation, demyelination, and axonal necrosis revealed significantly less pathology in the aminoguanidine-treated group. The present study implicates excessive nitric oxide production in the pathogenesis of murine inflammatory central nervous system demyelination, and perhaps in the human disease multiple sclerosis.
Two distinct regions of deletion on the long arm of chromosome 5 in differentiated adenocarcinomas of the stomach. (1996)

Frequent loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on the long arm of chromosome 5 (5q) has been reported in many types of human malignancies, including gastric carcinoma. One of the targets of 5q-LOH in colorectal carcinoma is certainly the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene on 5q21. However, other evidence has suggested the presence of another tumor suppressor gene in this region which may be inactivated in gastric carcinoma. In the present study, to determine the location of the putative tumor suppressor gene on 5q, LOH at nine microsatellite loci on 5q were investigated at 38 differentiated adenocarcinomas of the stomach that probably did not carry APC mutations. LOH at any locus on 5q occurred in 37% (14 of 38) of the tumors. Although many tumors exhibited large interstitial deletions on 5q that included the APC locus (5q21), we have identified minimum regions of deletion as the D5S428 locus and the interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) locus. Thus, at least two putative tumor suppressor genes, which play a crucial role in the genesis of differentiated adenocarcinoma of the stomach and are distinct from the APC gene, lie on 5q.
IL-2, Regulatory T Cells, and Tolerance (2004)

IL-2 is a potent T cell growth factor that for many years was assumed to amplify lymphocyte responses in vivo. Accordingly, IL-2 has been used clinically to enhance T cell immunity in patients with AIDS or cancer, and blocking Abs to the IL-2R are used to inhibit T cell responses against transplanted tissues. It was later shown in mice that, unexpectedly, disruption of the IL-2 pathway results in lymphoid hyperplasia and autoimmunity rather than immune deficiency, indicating that the major physiological function of IL-2 is to limit rather than enhance T cell responses. This apparent paradox has recently been resolved with the discovery that IL-2 is critical for the development and peripheral expansion of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells, which promote self-tolerance by suppressing T cell responses in vivo. Our new understanding of IL-2 biology prompts a re-evaluation of how best to clinically manipulate this important immunoregulatory pathway.
Approximate steady-state performance prediction of large-scale constrained model predictive control systems (2005)

When tuning the parameters of a constrained model predictive controller (MPC), one usually will use closed-loop simulations in order to predict closed-loop performance. Closed-loop simulation can be very time-consuming and inconvenient for large-scale constrained MPC, such as paper machine cross-directional (CD) predictive control. Paper machine CD processes are two-dimensional (2-D) (temporal and spatial) systems with up to 600 inputs and 6000 outputs. It is very important to predict the steady-state values for the closed-loop CD MPC systems during the tuning process, as the variances of these values are used as the control performance indexes in paper making industry. This article proposes to use a direct one-step static optimizer for approximating the closed-loop steady-state performance of constrained CD MPC. The parameters of this static optimizer can be obtained through minimizing the difference of two closed-loop transfer functions. Experiments with industrial data demonstrate that the static optimizer is computationally much more efficient (up to two orders of magnitude) than closed-loop simulation while reliably and accurately predicting the steady-state performance.