gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IL-12 Up-Regulates CD40 Ligand (CD154) Expression on Human T Cells (1998)

IL-12 is a heterodimeric cytokine produced by APC that promotes the development of CD4+ Th1 cells and their IFN-gamma production after TCR/CD3 triggering. We here investigated the capacity of IL-12 to modify the expression on T cells of CD40 ligand (CD40L or CD154), a molecule transiently expressed on activated T cells and known to be of utmost importance for cognate interaction with B cells and for activation of dendritic cells and macrophages. Our data demonstrate that IL-12 up-regulates CD40L expression on anti-CD3-activated human peripheral blood T cells. For optimal induction of CD40L, IL-12 synergizes with IL-2 as well as with other costimulatory interactions, such as B7/CD28. The effect of IL-12 was observed at both the protein and the mRNA level. T cells costimulated by IL-12 provided more efficient help for IL-4-dependent B cell proliferation and for IgG production than when activated in the absence of IL-12. This helper activity was blocked by an mAb against CD40L, indicating that the effect of IL-12 on B cells is mediated indirectly through CD40L. The data thus suggest that the effects of IL-12 on cellular and humoral immune responses are partly mediated through CD40L induction.
Detection of Transcription Factor Partners with a Yeast One Hybrid Screen (2003)

Transcription factors usually engage in multiple regulatory interactions with other proteins in their normal promoter or enhancer context. Conventional yeast two hybrid screens, in which a putative protein interaction domain is fused to a heterologous DNA binding domain like that of LexA or Gal4 (1–3) have been used extensively to detect protein/protein interactions. Even though the technique has also identified partners of transcription factors (for example [3–5]), it has particular limitations in this application. This is because many transcription factors undergo conformational changes upon DNA binding and frequently engage in interactions with other factors through surfaces on their DNA-binding domains. When target factors are fused to the heterologous Gal4 or LexA DNA binding domains and exposed in their non-DNA-bound form, relevant interaction epitopes may be shielded or inappropriately folded. By contrast, in a situation where the transcription factor is bound to its authentic binding site on the DNA via its own DNA binding domain, its conformation should closely resemble that found in a normal promoter context and thus detect functionally relevant interactions with other factors. This concept has been instrumental in identifying coactivators of transcription factors that are transcriptionally inert in yeast (6–8). The majority of transcription factors, however, have transactivation potential in yeast. Therefore the author has designed a generally applicable yeast one hybrid screen that uses a transcriptionally disabled target protein to take advantage of the normal conformation of a DNA bound transcription factor (see Fig. 1).
[Comparative distribution study of 14C labeled amino acids, glucose-analogue and precursor of nuclei acid, as tumor seeking agents]. (1984)

As tumor-seeking agents, glucose analogues, natural amino acids, synthetic nonmetabolized amino acids, and precursor of nucleic acids, etc., labeled with positron emitter, such as 11C and 18F have been recently investigated. However, there are very few reports concerning comparative study of tumor uptake and tissue distribution of these agents. This preliminary paper describes comparative distribution and whole-body autoradiography of these agents. 14C labeled deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose (FDG), L-, DL-leucine, 1-aminocyclopentane carboxylic acid (ACPC), alpha-amino isobutyric acid (alpha-AIB), and thymidine were intravenously injected through tail vein into separate groups of the experimental animals. As the experimental animals, the mice with Ehrlich tumor and the rats with Hepatoma AH109A were used. Within 30 min after injection, FDG had the highest tumor uptake and tumor to tissue ratios, although FDG was inferior to ACPC and thymidine in related to tumor to heart, lung and brain ratios. However, the time course study indicated that tumor uptake of ACPC, alpha-AIB and D-leucine increased with time, whereas those of other agents decreased with time or reached a plateau. Thus, at 120 min after injection, ACPC had the highest tumor uptake and tumor to tissue ratios, although ACPC was inferior to FDG in related to tumor to blood, liver and pancreas ratios. Autoradiogram of ACPC showed very clear tumor image as well as that of FDG. The above data suggest that synthetic nonmetabolized amino acids, such as ACPC may be promising as tumor-seeking agents, when used with a single photon emission computed tomography, while glucose analogue such as FDG, are the best tumor-seeking agent, when used with a positron emission computed tomography.
The use of a non‐equilibrated solid phase microextraction method to quantitatively determine the off‐notes in mint and other essential oils (2004)

Abstract The undesirable top notes or off‐notes found in mint, clary sage, and cedarwood oils could be quantitatively determined using a non‐equilibrated solid phase microextraction/gas chromatography/selected ion monitoring/mass spectrometry (SPME/GC/SIM‐MS) technique. Using the low threshold components, dimethyl sulfide, 2‐methylpropanal, 2‐methylbutanal, and 3‐methylbutanal, which are associated with the off‐notes of these oils, their levels could be reproducibly quantitatively determined. The highest level of off‐notes was found in a sample of Scotch spearmint oil where the levels of the four constituents were, dimethyl sulfide (238 µg g −1 ), 2‐methylpropanal (286 µg g −1 ), 2‐methylbutanal (1048 µg g −1 ) and 3‐methylbutanal (1489 µg g −1 ). These quantitative results in combination with sensory evaluations could provide for a powerful overall assessment of essential oil quality. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of Open‐Irrigated Radiofrequency Ablation Catheter Design on Lesion Formation and Complications: <i>In Vitro</i> Comparison of 6 Different Devices (2013)

Tip design of the 6 different irrigated catheters does not affect the lesion total volume, although a slight difference in lesion geometry in terms of surface diameter and depth at maximum diameter is present. The catheters show a slight different in vitro safety profile.
Fabrication of ultrafast Si based MSM photodetector (1998)

The authors report on ultrafast metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodetectors. The devices are manufactured on an epitaxial CoSi2 ground plate on silicon, and use single crystalline silicon as the photosensitive layer. The MSM photodiodes show an impulse response of up to 3.5 ps FWHM on (111) Si and 6.7 ps FWHM on (100) Si. An external quantum efficiency of 4.6% was measured.
Kinetics of nanopore fabrication during controlled breakdown of dielectric membranes in solution (2015)

Nanopore fabrication by controlled breakdown (CBD) overcomes many of the challenges of traditional nanofabrication techniques, by reliably forming solid-state nanopores sub-2 nm in size in a low-cost and scalable way for nucleic acid analysis applications. Herein, the breakdown kinetics of thin dielectric membranes immersed in a liquid environment are investigated in order to gain deeper insights into the mechanism of solid-state nanopore formation by high electric fields. For various fabrication conditions, we demonstrate that nanopore fabrication time is Weibull-distributed, in support of the hypothesis that the fabrication mechanism is a stochastic process governed by the probability of forming a connected path across the membrane (i.e. a weakest-link problem). Additionally, we explore the roles that various ions and solvents play in breakdown kinetics, revealing that asymmetric pH conditions across the membrane can significantly affect nanopore fabrication time for a given voltage polarity. These results, characterizing the stochasticity of the nanopore fabrication process and highlighting the parameters affecting it, should assist researchers interested in exploiting the potential of CBD for nanofluidic channel fabrication, while also offering guidance towards the conceivable manufacturing of solid-state nanopore-based technologies for DNA sequencing applications.
Sequential Validation of Blood-Based Protein Biomarker Candidates for Early-Stage Pancreatic Cancer (2016)

The addition of TIMP1 and LRG1 immunoassays to CA19-9 statistically significantly improves the detection of early-stage PDAC.
Endothelin-1 Down-Regulates Expression of Tropoelastin and Lysyl Oxidase mRNA in Cultured Chick Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells. (2001)

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is known as a potent stimulator of cell proliferation and as a vasoconstrictor. It is believed that ET-1 contributes to the development of arterial diseases such as atherosclerosis. In this study, we demonstrated the expression of tropoelastin and lysyl oxidase (LO) on gene levels as induced by ET-1 in cultured smooth muscle cells (SMCs). ET-1 stimulated cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, and the level of this proliferation increased about 1.3-fold at 100 nM of ET-1. ET-1 suppressed the tropoelastin protein synthesis in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. In addition, ET-1 dose-dependently suppressed the tropoelastin and LO mRNA expression. The tropoelastin and LO mRNA levels decreased to about half and 4/5, respectively, at 100 nM of ET-1. The inhibition of elastin synthesis was completely prevented by BQ123, an endothelin receptor A (ETA) antagonist. These results indicate that ET-1 can modulate the tropoelastin and LO mRNA expression via an ETA receptor in cultured SMC and that the regulator for elastin expression may play an important role in elastogenesis and SMC proliferation during the development of atherosclerosis.
The Automatic Implantable Defibrillator (1982)

The automatic implantable defibrillator continuously monitors cardiac rhythm, identifies ventricular fibrillation and then delivers corrective defibrillatory discharges when indicated; it weighs 250 grams and has a volume of 145 cc. When a suitable arrhythmia is detected, a 25 Joule pulse is delivered through a superior vena cava catheter electrode and another electrode placed over the cardiac apex. As of March 1981, sixteen survivors of multiple cardiac arrests refractory to antiarrhythmic therapy had undergone implantation of the automatic defibrillator. There was no operative mortality and the morbidity was minimal. Electrophysiologic studies were performed before and after surgery to confirm failure of drug therapy and to ensure the device's ability to terminate malignant arrhythmias. Eight spontaneous and fourteen of the seventeen induced malignant arrhythmias were properly recognized and corrected by the device. The discharges were well tolerated by awake patients. A number of problems including recycling delays and spurious discharges have been identified and corrected. There were three late deaths with pulmonary edema noted in two patients, and asystole in one. The autopsies revealed no myocardial damage attributable to the automatic defibrillator. Although the ultimate role of this approach to prevention of sudden arrhythmic death has yet to be determined, the results obtained to date are encouraging and indicate that a useful modality for treating malignant ventricular arrhythmias has been added to our armamentarium.
Effects of vidian nerve stimulation on the nasal and maxillary sinus mucosa (1984)

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Spherical Aromaticity of Buckminsterfullerene (1988)

Abstract Aromatic stabilization of buckminsterfullerene is not large enough to guarantee isolation in macroscopic amounts. This does not rule out the possibility that such carbon clusters are formed in sooting flames and/or in dark interstellar space.
Schwannoma del espacio parafaríngeo. Diagnóstico diferencial basado en las pruebas de imagen (2012)

espanolLos tumores del espacio parafaringeo son poco frecuentes: representan el 0,5% de la patologia oncologica de cabeza y cuello. El espacio parafaringeo engloba multitud de estructuras anatomicas por lo que se pueden generar tumores de muy variada naturaleza histologica. Los escasos sintomas clinicos dificultan realizar un diagnostico precoz mediante la exploracion fisica por lo que resulta de suma importancia el estudio complementario con pruebas de imagen. Se presenta el caso de un tumor parafaringeo que dada su localizacion y caracteristicas clinicas planteo dudas en su diagnostico diferencial. Se comenta el caso y se discute los posibles diagnosticos diferenciales basandonos fundamentalmente en criterios radiologicos EnglishSUMMARY Tumors of the parapharyngeal space are rare, accounting 0,5% of all head and neck tumors. Parapharyngeal space encompasses a lot of anatomic structures so tumors of different histological nature can be found here. Difficult access and few symptoms of these tumors makes difficult the early diagnosis by physical examination so complementary imaging studies are very important. We present a case of a parapharyngeal tumor when because of its location and clinical features, had a doubtful diagnosis. We discuss the case and the differential diagnosis enphasazing radiological criteria.
Experimental models of ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation caused by ischemia and infarction. (1992)

Experimental animal models of ventricular arrhythmias have been developed to elucidate mechanisms of arrhythmogenesis in humans. Studies of animal models have enabled the vulnerable period of the ventricles to be discovered and characterized and should eventually lead to improved techniques of defibrillation. Animal models of ischemic heart disease and myocardial infarction have also helped investigators elucidate the mechanisms of arrhythmias occurring at each stage of infarct development and healing. Data obtained from the experimental studies have been shown to apply to the clinical situation.
Adenovirus-Mediated Transfer of a Truncated Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) Type I Receptor Blocks FGF-2 Signaling in Multiple Pancreatic Cancer Cell Lines (2003)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs) overexpress several members of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family of ligands and the type I FGF receptor (FGFR-1), and enhanced FGF-2 protein levels correlate with shorter postoperative survival of patients with PDAC. In this study, we investigated the effects of FGF-2 on cell proliferation and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation before and after abrogation of FGFR-1-dependent signaling in 4 pancreatic cancer cell lines (ASPC-1, COLO-357, MIA-PaCa-2, and PANC-1). Signaling was blocked by infecting the cells with an adenoviral vector encoding for a truncated FGFR-1 (AdtrFGFR-1). FGF-2 enhanced the growth of all 4 cell lines and activated MAPK in 3 of these cell lines. Infection with the AdtrFGFR-1 virus resulted in abundant expression of the truncated FGFR-1 at the RNA and protein level, markedly attenuated FGF-2-induced proliferation in all 4 tested cell lines, and decreased FGF-2-dependent MAPK activation in the 3 cell lines in which FGF-2 activated this pathway. These findings suggest that FGFR-1-mediated mitogenesis in multiple pancreatic cancer cells can be efficiently blocked with an adenoviral vector encoding a truncated FGFR-1, raising the possibility that AdtrFGFR-1 may ultimately have a therapeutic role in PDAC.
Oncoproteomics of hepatocellular carcinoma: from cancer markers' discovery to functional pathways (2007)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a heterogeneous cancer with no promising treatment and remains one of the most prevailing and lethal malignancies in the world. Researchers in many biological areas now routinely identify and characterize protein markers by a mass spectrometry-based proteomic approach, a method that has been commonly used to discover diagnostic biomarkers for cancer detection. The proteomic research platforms span from the classical two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-DE) to the latest Protein Chip or array technology, which are often integrated with the MALDI (matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionization), SELDI (surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization) or tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). New advances on quantitative proteomic analysis (e.g. SILAC, ICAT, and ITRAQ) and multidimensional protein identification technology (MudPIT) have greatly enhanced the capability of proteomic methods to study the expressions, modifications and functions of protein markers. The present article reviews the latest proteomic development and discovery of biomarkers in HCC that may provide insights into the underlying mechanisms of hepatocarcinogenesis and the readiness of biomarkers for clinical uses.
Chlorella virus DNA ligase: nick recognition and mutational analysis (1998)

Chlorella virus PBCV-1 DNA ligase seals nicked DNA substrates consisting of a 5′-phosphate-terminated strand and a 3′-hydroxyl-terminated strand annealed to a bridging DNA template strand.The enzyme discriminates at the DNA binding step between substrates containing a 5′-phosphate versus a 5′-hydroxyl at the nick.Mutational analysis of the active site motif KxDGxR (residues 27-32) illuminates essential roles for the conserved Lys, Asp and Arg moieties at different steps of the ligase reaction.Mutant K27A is unable to form the covalent ligase-(Lys-εN-P)-adenylate intermediate and hence cannot activate a nicked DNA substrate via formation of the DNA-adenylate intermediate.Nonetheless, K27A catalyzes phosphodiester bond formation at a preadenylated nick.This shows that the active site lysine is not required for the strand closure reaction.K27A binds to nicked DNA-adenylate, but not to a standard DNA nick.This suggests that occupancy of the AMP binding pocket of DNA ligase is important for nick recognition.Mutant D29A is active in enzymeadenylate formation and binds readily to nicked DNA, but is inert in DNA-adenylate formation.R32A is unable to catalyze any of the three reactions of the ligation pathway and does not bind to nicked DNA.
Rearrangement of quinonoid dihydropteridines to 7,8-dihydropteridines (1970)

The quinonoid isomer of 6,7-dimethyltetrahydropterin has been prepared in situ from the tetrahydropterin by rapid oxidation with potassium ferricyanide. Measurements of the kinetics of the rearrangement of the quinonoid dihydropterin to 7,8-dihydropterin show that the reaction is buffer-catalyzed. Both the acidic and basic forms of the buffer participate as catalysts, with the relative contribution of each species toward the rate of the reaction being dependent on the pK a value of each buffer. Isotopic experiments have shown that the cleavage of the C—H bond at position 6 is rate-limiting during both the acid- and the base-catalyzed rearrangements.
Treatment of Symptomatic Hyponatremia and Its Relation to Brain Damage (1987)

We studied the effects of replacement therapy in two groups of patients with symptomatic hyponatremia. Thirty-three patients, who were studied prospectively, had no evidence of cerebral demyelinating lesions. Their hyponatremia (mean serum sodium concentration [+/- SE], 108 +/- 1 mmol per liter) was increased to 126 +/- 1 mmol per liter with hypertonic saline (856 mM) delivered at a rate of 1.3 +/- 0.2 mmol per liter per hour. The serum sodium concentration did not rise to normal or hypernatremic levels in the first 48 hours of therapy, and none of these patients had a respiratory arrest or other hypoxic episode. Twelve patients, evaluated retrospectively, had evidence of cerebral demyelinating lesions at autopsy or on computerized axial tomography. The rate of correction of hyponatremia (1 +/- 0.2 mmol per liter per hour) was similar to the rate in the patients in Group I. However, at least one of four characteristics was present: an increase in serum sodium to normal or hypernatremic levels in the first 48 hours, a change in the serum sodium concentration of more than 25 mmol per liter in the first 48 hours, a hypoxic-anoxic episode, and an elevation of serum sodium to hypernatremic levels in patients with hepatic encephalopathy. Although these four features were associated with demyelination, our observations suggest that this complication does not depend on the rate of correction of hyponatremia.
A chromosome 12 coding region is juxtaposed to the <i>MYC</i> protooncogene locus in a t(8; 12)(q24;q22) translocation in a case of B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (1991)

We performed molecular cloning and sequencing of the breakpoints of a new chromosomal translocation involving the MYC protooncogene locus. This secondary t(8;12)(q24;q22) was associated with a primary t(11;14)(q13;q32) translocation in a case of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) in blastic transformation. In this leukemia, Northern blot and nuclease analyses SI showed that MYC was strongly expressed with initiation of the transcription at both the 5' and 3' promoters as observed in Burkitt's lymphomas; no coding change was observed in MYC putative regulatory sequences. The breakpoint on chromosome 8 mapped to the 3' end of the MYC locus, in a region containing a potential Z-DNA tract, and where we identified two DNase 1 hypersensitive sites. A rearranged MYC gene fragment was cloned and shown to contain chromosome 12 information by Southern blot analysis and by in situ hybridization. A genomic probe subcloned from the isolated region of the chromosome 12 recognized a 1.8 kb transcript in virtually all the tissues tested but a preferential expression of this new gene, which we termed BTG1 (for B-cell translocation gene 1) was observed in the CLL cells and in tissues of lymphoid origin. This chromosome 12 coding sequence is conserved in evolution and a transcript of similar size is present in murine tissues.
Programmable current mode Hebbian learning neural network using programmable metallization cell (2002)

The design and performance of a Hebbian learning based neural network is presented in this work. In situ analog learning was employed, thus computing the synaptic weight changes continuously during the normal operation of the artificial neural network (ANN). The complexity of a synapse is minimized by using a novel device called the Programmable Metallization Cell (PMC). Simulations with circuits with three PMCs per synapse showed that appropriate learning behaviour was obtained at the synaptic level.
Mass Spectrometry: A Tool for Enhanced Detection of Hemoglobin Variants (2007)

Application of MS improves the sensitivity of Hb analysis. The combination of MS with electrophoretic and chromatographic methods is optimal for the detection of Hb variants.
The restricted promoter activity of the liver transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor 3 beta involves a cell-specific factor and positive autoactivation. (1992)

The transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor 3 (HNF-3) is involved in the coordinate expression of several liver genes. HNF-3 DNA binding activity is composed of three different liver proteins which recognize the same DNA site. The HNF-3 proteins (designated alpha, beta, and gamma) possess homology in the DNA binding domain and in several additional regions. To understand the cell-type-specific expression of HNF-3 beta, we have defined the regulatory sequences that elicit hepatoma-specific expression. Promoter activity requires -134 bp of HNF-3 beta proximal sequences and binds four nuclear proteins, including two ubiquitous factors. One of these promoter sites interacts with a novel cell-specific factor, LF-H3 beta, whose binding activity correlates with the HNF-3 beta tissue expression pattern. Furthermore, there is a binding site for the HNF-3 protein within its own promoter, suggesting that an autoactivation mechanism is involved in the establishment of HNF-3 beta expression. We propose that both the LF-H3 beta and HNF-3 sites play an important role in the cell-type-specific expression of the HNF-3 beta transcription factor.