gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) Sputtered Antireflection Coatings on Laser Facets for Optical Memory Applications (1998)

Antireflection (AR) layer coated semiconductor laser diodes may have many applications, particularly as external cavity diodes for optical memory heads. The electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) sputtering system was used for preparing AR coatings which consist of both SiO 2 and Si 3 N 4 phases. The refractive index and the thickness of the AR coatings were adjusted by controlling numerous deposition parameters, including the relative flow ratio of O 2 and N 2 gas flow, the total gas flow rate, the RF and ECR power, and the deposition time. AR coated AlGaAs laser diodes do not show a sharp threshold in the light output-current characteristic curve and have good potential for application in the lensless optical floppy systems.
Having your cake and eating it too: jointly optimal erasure codes for I/O, storage and network-bandwidth (2015)

Erasure codes, such as Reed-Solomon (RS) codes, are increasingly being deployed as an alternative to data-replication for fault tolerance in distributed storage systems. While RS codes provide significant savings in storage space, they can impose a huge burden on the I/O and network resources when reconstructing failed or otherwise unavailable data. A recent class of erasure codes, called minimum-storage-regeneration (MSR) codes, has emerged as a superior alternative to the popular RS codes, in that it minimizes network transfers during reconstruction while also being optimal with respect to storage and reliability. However, existing practical MSR codes do not address the increasingly important problem of I/O overhead incurred during reconstructions, and are, in general, inferior to RS codes in this regard. In this paper, we design erasure codes that are simultaneously optimal in terms of I/O, storage, and network bandwidth. Our design builds on top of a class of powerful practical codes, called the product-matrix-MSR codes. Evaluations show that our proposed design results in a significant reduction the number of I/Os consumed during reconstructions (a 5× reduction for typical parameters), while retaining optimality with respect to storage, reliability, and network bandwidth.
Cyclin E Associates with BAF155 and BRG1, Components of the Mammalian SWI-SNF Complex, and Alters the Ability of BRG1 To Induce Growth Arrest (1999)

SWI-SNF complexes have been implicated in transcriptional regulation by chromatin remodeling. We have identified an interaction between two components of the mammalian SWI-SNF complex and cyclin E, an essential cell cycle regulatory protein required for G1/S transition. BRG1 and BAF155, mammalian homologs of yeast SWI2 and SWI3, respectively, are found in cyclin E complexes and are phosphorylated by cyclin E-associated kinase activity. In this report, we show that overexpression of BRG1 causes growth arrest and induction of senescence-associated beta-galactosidase activity, which can be overcome by cyclin E. Our results suggest that cyclin E may modulate the activity of the SWI-SNF apparatus to maintain the chromatin in a transcriptionally permissive state.
Next generation sequencing for <scp>TCR</scp> repertoire profiling: Platform‐specific features and correction algorithms (2012)

The TCR repertoire is a mirror of the human immune system that reflects processes caused by infections, cancer, autoimmunity, and aging. Next generation sequencing (NGS) is becoming a powerful tool for deep TCR profiling; yet, questions abound regarding the methodological approaches for sample preparation and correct data interpretation. Accumulated PCR and sequencing errors along with library preparation bottlenecks and uneven PCR efficiencies lead to information loss, biased quantification, and generation of huge artificial TCR diversity. Here, we compare Illumina, 454, and Ion Torrent platforms for individual TCR profiling, evaluate the rate and character of errors, and propose advanced platform-specific algorithms to correct massive sequencing data. These developments are applicable to a wide variety of next generation sequencing applications. We demonstrate that advanced correction allows the removal of the majority of artificial TCR diversity with concomitant rescue of most of the sequencing information. Thus, this correction enhances the accuracy of clonotype identification and quantification as well as overall TCR diversity measurements.
Astressin B, a Nonselective Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor Antagonist, Prevents the Inhibitory Effect of Ghrelin on Luteinizing Hormone Pulse Frequency in the Ovariectomized Rhesus Monkey (2007)

Administration of ghrelin, a key peptide in the regulation of energy homeostasis, has been shown to decrease LH pulse frequency while concomitantly elevating cortisol levels. Because increased endogenous CRH release in stress is associated with an inhibition of reproductive function, we have tested here whether the pulsatile LH decrease after ghrelin may reflect an activated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and be prevented by a CRH antagonist. After a 3-h baseline LH pulse frequency monitoring, five adult ovariectomized rhesus monkeys received a 5-h saline (protocol 1) or ghrelin (100-microg bolus followed by 100 microg/h, protocol 2) infusion. In protocols 3 and 4, animals were given astressin B, a nonspecific CRH receptor antagonist (0.45 mg/kg im) 90 min before ghrelin or saline infusion. Blood samples were taken every 15 min for LH measurements, whereas cortisol and GH were measured every 45 min. Mean LH pulse frequency during the 5-h ghrelin infusion was significantly lower than in all other treatments (P < 0.05) and when compared with the baseline period (P < 0.05). Pretreatment with astressin B prevented the decrease. Ghrelin stimulated cortisol and GH secretion, whereas astressin B pretreatment prevented the cortisol, but not the GH, release. Our data indicate that CRH release mediates the inhibitory effect of ghrelin on LH pulse frequency and suggest that the inhibitory impact of an insufficient energy balance on reproductive function may in part be mediated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.
Separation of glycoprotein‐<i>N</i>‐glycans by high‐pH anion‐exchange chromatography (1990)

A series of high-mannose and complex type glycoprotein-N-glycans was subjected to high-pH anion-exchange chromatography. The results revealed that this method represents a useful tool for analytical characterization of single oligosaccharides as well as preparative separation of complex mixtures of carbohydrate side-chains. On the other hand, it became evident that in several cases a combination of different chromatographic techniques is required for efficient separation of individual oligosaccharide species.
PHOTOBLEACHING OF PHOTOFRIN II AS A MEANS OF ELIMINATING SKIN PHOTOSENSITIVITY* (1987)

Abstract One of the effects of using Photofrin II as a sensitizer in clinical photodynamic therapy is skin photosensitivity. Avoiding the harmful effect of this photosensitivity typically requires the patient to remain indoors during daylight hours for 4 weeks post injection. Photosensitivity can last up to 8 weeks. A possible method of quickly eliminating skin photosensitivity is the use of photobleaching to eliminate the DHE (dihematoporphyrin ether, the active agent in Photofrin II) from the skin. The Photofrin II was used as supplied (Photomedica, Raritan, NJ) and will be referred to as DHE. We report a series of experiments using Swiss mice which demonstrate the ability to reduce the period of photosensitivity to 1 week. The Swiss mice received 5 mg kg ‐1 DHE intraperitoneal. Beginning at 24 h post injection they were given daily increasing light doses starting with 18 J cm ‐2 (at 630 nm). Only the left hind feet were treated with light. At 7 days post injection both hind feet were treated with 135 J cm ‐2 . The pretreated left foot showed no reaction to this treatment whereas the right foot reacted as strongly as control mice which had received no pretreatment with light. The control mice were also injected 7 days prior to treatment. As a check for tolerance animals received a second injection of 5 mg kg ‐1 DHE intraperitoneally 96 h after the conclusion of the bleaching protocol. Twenty‐four h later the left hind foot (previously desensitized by light) reacted to 135 J cm ‐2 as strongly as controls which had received the 5 mg kg ‐1 of DHE but no pretreatment.
Metamaterial-based integrated plasmonic absorber/emitter for solar thermo-photovoltaic systems (2012)

We present the concept of a solar thermo-photovoltaic (STPV) collection system based on a large-area, nanoimprint-patterned film of plasmonic structures acting as an integrated solar absorber/narrow-band thermal emitter (SANTE). The SANTE film concept is based on integrating broad-band solar radiation absorption with selective narrow-band thermal IR radiation which can be efficiently coupled to a photovoltaic (PV) cell for power generation. By employing a low reflectivity refractory metal (e.g., tungsten) as a plasmonic material, we demonstrate that the absorption spectrum of the SANTE film can be designed to be broad-band in the visible range and narrow-band in the infrared range. A detailed balance calculation demonstrates that the total STPV system efficiency exceeds the Shockley–Queisser limit for emitter temperatures above Te = 1200 K, and achieves an efficiency as high as 41% for Te = 2300 K. Emitter temperatures in this range are shown to be achievable under modest sun concentrations (less than 1000 suns) due to the thermal insulation provided by the SANTE film. An experimental demonstration of the wide-angle, frequency-selective absorptivity is presented.
Qubit Architecture with High Coherence and Fast Tunable Coupling (2014)

We introduce a superconducting qubit architecture that combines high-coherence qubits and tunable qubit-qubit coupling. With the ability to set the coupling to zero, we demonstrate that this architecture is protected from the frequency crowding problems that arise from fixed coupling. More importantly, the coupling can be tuned dynamically with nanosecond resolution, making this architecture a versatile platform with applications ranging from quantum logic gates to quantum simulation. We illustrate the advantages of dynamical coupling by implementing a novel adiabatic controlled-z gate, with a speed approaching that of single-qubit gates. Integrating coherence and scalable control, the introduced qubit architecture provides a promising path towards large-scale quantum computation and simulation.
Prehospital management of children with life threatening medical conditions [Article in Bosnian] (2009)

Every year millions of children worldwide die because of potentially treatable diseases, and diseases that can be prevented. The largest number of lethal outcomes can be prevented by improving living conditions, by activities to improve public health, improving education and training of health care professionals for timely detection of serious diseases and the improvement of initial medical treatment. Treatment of a seriously ill child requires a structured approach. In particular, the anatomical and physiological features of the child and the way in which changes with age may affect emergency treatment activities. Early recognition of potential respiratory, circulatory or central neurological disorders in children may reduce mortality and morbidity. Pre-hospital effective implementation of emergency medical care is an important element in reducing mortality in childhood. Â
Synthesis and Electrochemical Studies of LiMnO2 Prepared at Low Temperatures (1993)

A new form of , which has recently been shown to reversibly intercalate lithium, has many advantages over other popular lithium‐ion battery cathode materials. We describe improvements in the previously reported low temperature (300–450°C) synthesis and report a new synthesis route based on ion exchange which takes place at 100°C. Electrochemical performance is shown to be strongly dependent on synthesis temperature. In situ x‐ray diffraction and long time cycling measurements indicate that an irreversible structural transformation to disordered spinel takes place when Li is removed from . Nevertheless, the specific capacity of this material is over 190 mAh/g between 2.5 and 4.2 V.
Chaotropic‐Anion‐Induced Supramolecular Self‐Assembly of Ionic Polymeric Micelles (2014)

Traditional micelle self-assembly is driven by the association of hydrophobic segments of amphiphilic molecules forming distinctive core-shell nanostructures in water. Here we report a surprising chaotropic-anion-induced micellization of cationic ammonium-containing block copolymers. The resulting micelle nanoparticle consists of a large number of ion pairs (≈60,000) in each hydrophobic core. Unlike chaotropic anions (e.g. ClO4(-)), kosmotropic anions (e.g. SO4(2-)) were not able to induce micelle formation. A positive cooperativity was observed during micellization, for which only a three-fold increase in ClO4(-) concentration was necessary for micelle formation, similar to our previously reported ultra-pH-responsive behavior. This unique ion-pair-containing micelle provides a useful model system to study the complex interplay of noncovalent interactions (e.g. electrostatic, van der Waals, and hydrophobic forces) during micelle self-assembly.
On the Neumann operator of the arithmetical mean. (1992)

n M with the supremum norm, by 1M the constant function equal to 1 on M , by Const (M ) = fff1 M ; ff 2 Rg the class of all constant functions on M . C (1) 0 will stand for the class of all continuously differentiable functions with a compact support in R 2 , for bounded M we write C (1) (M ) = f&amp;apos; fi fi M : &amp;apos; 2 C (1) 0 g for the class of all restrictions to M of functions in C (1) 0 . Throughout, K ae R 2 will be a fixed non-void compact set which is massive at each z 2 K in the sense that each disk B r (z)
Circadian pacemaker interferes with sleep onset at specific times each day: role in insomnia (1987)

The human circadian pacemaker modulates our desire and ability to fall asleep at different times of day. To study this circadian component of sleep tendency, we have analyzed the sleep-wake patterns recorded from 15 free-running subjects in whom the sleep-wake cycle spontaneously desynchronized from the circadian rhythm of body temperature. The analysis indicates that the distribution of sleep onsets during free run is bimodal, with one peak at the temperature trough and, contrary to previous reports, a second peak 9-10 h later. Furthermore, there are two consistent zones in the circadian temperature cycle during which normal subjects rarely fall asleep. We hypothesize that this bimodal rhythm of sleep tendency, revealed under free-running conditions, maintains the same fixed phase relation to the circadian temperature cycle during 24-h entrainment. This would imply that normally entrained individuals should experience a peak of sleep tendency in the midafternoon and a zone of minimal sleep tendency approximately 1-3 h before habitual bedtime. Our temporal isolation data thereby account quantitatively for the timing of the afternoon siesta and suggest that malfunctions of the phasing of the circadian pacemaker may underlie the insomnia associated with sleep-scheduling disorders.
Progress in the development of speech processors for cochlear prostheses (1994)

New strategies for representing acoustic information with multichannel cochlear implants have produced substantial improvements in speech recognition scores for implant users. One of those strategies, continuousinterleavedsampling (CIS), presents brief pulses in a nonoverlapping sequence across electrode channels, with the pulse amplitudes for each channel reflecting the envelope of a corresponding frequency band of the acoustic input. Recent studies with CIS and related processing strategies will be described, including (a) within-subject comparisons of CIS with the compressedanalog (CA) processor used in a standard clinical device, (b) parametric and control studies with CIS processors, and (c) a preliminary evaluation of a related strategy, virtualchannelinterleavedsampling (VCIS). VCIS processors add to the single-electrode channels of CIS processors virtual channels, produced by simultaneous stimulation of two or more electrodes and eliciting pitch percepts that are distinct from those of single-electrode channels. In general, the CIS/CA comparisons show higher levels of open-set speech recognition with CIS for each of 11 subjects. Results from the additional studies with CIS processors show how choices of pulse duration, pulse rate, and channel update order affect performance. Initial CIS/VCIS comparisons with three subjects do not show an immediate improvement in speech recognition scores with VCIS. [Work supported by NIH.]
Analyzing the components of microtubules: antibodies against chartins, associated proteins from cultured cells. (1985)

In previous work, we have identified cytoplasmic microtubule-associated proteins by isolating the microtubule organelles of several different cultured cells. Among those proteins are the chartins, a family of polypeptides with related sequence but of varying molecular weight and isoelectric point. Biochemical analyses of the distribution of the chartins in the cytoplasm, and among cells with different functions, suggest that they may regulate microtubule structure in vivo. We describe here the preparation and application of antibodies to chartins. These antibodies enable us to demonstrate that the chartins colocalize with assembled tubulin in the cytoplasm, as assessed by immunofluorescence, so that they fulfill a major criterion that has been applied to other putative microtubule components. The results also demonstrate that the tau proteins, which fractionate and copurify with chartins, are in fact clearly distinguishable from them. The implications of these results for evaluating microtubule composition are discussed.
HLA class II‐associated genetic susceptibility in multiple sclerosis: A critical evaluation (1991)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) has, since the 1970s, been known to be associated with the HLA-Dw2 and -DR2 specificities in Caucasian Europeans and North Americans. By the use of genomic typing techniques, the association has been specified to be with the DRw15,DQw6,Dw2, i.e. the DRB1*1501-DQA1*0102-DQB1*0602 haplotype. A significant DPw4 association in Scandinavian MS patients has been described in one report. However, this association has not been confirmed in several subsequent studies with patients from the same and other ethnic groups. During the last few years several reports, based on serological, RFLP and PCR-SSO data, have suggested that the HLA class II-associated MS susceptibility gene(s) may be more closely associated with the DQ than with the DR subregion. The observations that the HLA-DQB1 genes of MS patients share long stretches of sequence motifs and also carry DQA1 alleles encoding glutamine at position 34 of the DQ alpha chain have received considerable attention. It has been suggested that the susceptibility to develop MS might be determined by the corresponding DQ alpha-beta heterodimers either encoded in cis or in trans. We have investigated these issues in a large group of Swedish MS patients (n = 179). We found that the associations with the suggested DQB1 sequences and position 34 of the DQ alpha chain were due to linkage disequilibrium and secondary to the association with the DRw15,DQw6,Dw2 haplotype (p less than 10(-9) and p less than 10(-8), respectively). No overrepresentation of the implicated DQ alpha-beta heterodimers was observed in DRw15,DQw6,Dw2-negative patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The possible relationship between metabolism and cardiac toxicity of duanomycin and related compounds. (1971)

The direct myocardial action of daunomycin and related compounds was studied in artificial perfusate or blood-perfused isolated dog hearts. Samples of perfusate for paper and thin-layer chromatography were collected at intervals of 1, 5, 15, 30 and 60 minutes. In these experiments daunomycin (50 mg) caused an increase in coronary perfusion pressure and at the same time a metabolite, daunomycinone, was formed. When hearts were perfused with a Ringer9s solution for 60 minutes the same dose of daunomycin caused only slight increases in perfusion pressure and little daunomycinone was formed. The injection of 50 or 18 mg of daunomycinone into blood-perfused heart preparations caused an immediate increase in coronary perfusion pressure. Adriamycin (50 mg) produced effects on the coronary vasculature almost identical to daunomycin, whereas N-acetyldaunomycin (50 mg) caused no deleterious effects. Adriamycin was found to be broken down to a daunomycinone-like product in a manner similar to daunomycin, whereas significantly less conversion of N-acetyldaunomycin was detected. These experiments tend to indicate that a significant amount of daunomycin and adriamycin is converted to a daunomycinone-like product in the blood and this metabolite may be responsible for the coronary artery constriction observed in the blood-perfused isolated heart preparations.
Efficient anisotropic refinement of macromolecular structures using FFT (1999)

This paper gives the equations for the use of fast Fourier transformations in individual atomic anisotropic refinement. Restraints on bonded atoms, on the sphericity of each atom and between non-crystallographic symmetry related atoms are described. These have been implemented in the program REFMAC and its performance with several examples is analysed. All the tests show that anisotropic refinement not only reduces the R value and Rfree but also improves the fit to geometric targets, indicating that this parameterization is valuable for improving models derived from experimental data. The computer time taken is comparable to that for isotropic refinements.
Reconstruction techniques for sparse multistatic linear array microwave imaging (2014)

Sequentially-switched linear arrays are an enabling technology for a number of near-field microwave imaging applications. Electronically sequencing along the array axis followed by mechanical scanning along an orthogonal axis allows dense sampling of a two-dimensional aperture in near real-time. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) has developed this technology for several applications including concealed weapon detection, groundpenetrating radar, and non-destructive inspection and evaluation. These techniques form three-dimensional images by scanning a diverging beam swept frequency transceiver over a two-dimensional aperture and mathematically focusing or reconstructing the data into three-dimensional images. Recently, a sparse multi-static array technology has been developed that reduces the number of antennas required to densely sample the linear array axis of the spatial aperture. This allows a significant reduction in cost and complexity of the linear-array-based imaging system. The sparse array has been specifically designed to be compatible with Fourier-Transform-based image reconstruction techniques; however, there are limitations to the use of these techniques, especially for extreme near-field operation. In the extreme near-field of the array, back-projection techniques have been developed that account for the exact location of each transmitter and receiver in the linear array and the 3-D image location. In this paper, the sparse array technique will be described along with associated Fourier-Transform-based and back-projection-based image reconstruction algorithms. Simulated imaging results are presented that show the effectiveness of the sparse array technique along with the merits and weaknesses of each image reconstruction approach.
Automatic generation system of the 3D character model for Smart TV contents production (2012)

This paper presents a fully-automatic 3D character model generating system for Smart TV contents. The system applies 3D template model transferring and sweep animation technique for automatic rigging of the 3D character model.