gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Atmospheric‐pressure Penning ionization mass spectrometry (2004)

A preliminary study on the atmospheric-pressure Penning ionization (APP(e)I) of gaseous organic compounds with Ar* has been made. The metastable argon atoms (Ar*: 11.55 eV for (3)P(2) and 11.72 eV for (3)P(0)) were generated by the negative-mode corona discharge of atmospheric-pressure argon gas. By applying a high positive voltage (+500 to +1000 V) to the stainless steel capillary for the sample introduction (0.1 mm i.d., 0.3 mm o.d.), strong ion signals could be obtained. The ions formed were sampled through an orifice into the vacuum and mass-analyzed by an orthogonal time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The major ions formed by APP(e)I are found to be molecular-related ions for alkanes, aromatics, and oxygen-containing compounds. Because only the molecules with ionization energies less than the internal energy of Ar* are ionized, the present method will be a selective and highly sensitive interface for gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.
Impact of interleukin-6 on hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension and lung inflammation in mice (2009)

These data suggest that IL-6 may be actively involved in hypoxia-induced lung inflammation and pulmonary vascular remodeling in mice.
Molecular analysis of bacterial pathogens in otitis media with effusion (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine if the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can detect bacterial DNA in pediatric middle ear effusions that are sterile by standard cultural methods. <h3>Design.</h3> —Single-center, blinded, comparative study of diagnostic assays. The PCR-based detection systems for<i>Moraxella catarrhalis, Haemophilus influenzae</i>, and<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>were designed and validated using a battery of DNAs obtained from cultured bacteria. Chronic middle ear effusion specimens were collected and comparatively analyzed by culture and the PCR. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Tertiary care pediatric hospital. <h3>Patients.</h3> —A total of 97 middle ear effusions were collected from pediatric outpatients at Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (Pa) during myringotomy and tube placement for chronic otitis media with effusion (duration &gt;3 months). All patients had failed multiple courses of antimicrobial therapy and were diagnosed by a combination of validated otoscopy and tympanograms. <h3>Main Outcome Measure.</h3> —Differences in the percentage of positive test results between PCR-based assays and culture for<i>M catarrhalis, H influenzae</i>, and<i>S pneumoniae</i>. <h3>Results.</h3> —Of the 97 specimens of otitis media with effusion, 28 (28.9%) tested positive by both culture and PCR for<i>M catarrhalis, H influenzae</i>, or<i>S pneumoniae</i>. An additional 47 specimens (48%) were PCR positive/culture negative for these three bacterial species. Thus, 75 (77.3%) of the 97 specimens tested PCR positive for one or more of the three test organisms. The minimum number of bacterial genomic equivalents present in the average culture-negative ear was estimated to be greater than 10<sup>4</sup>based on dilutional experiments. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —The PCR-based assay systems can detect the presence of bacterial DNA in a significant percentage of culturally sterile middle ear effusions. While this finding is not proof of an active bacterial infectious process, the large number of bacterial genomic equivalents present in the ears is suggestive of an active process. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;273:1598-1604)
Maize, Soybean, and Alfalfa Biomass Densification (2003)

Rosana G. Moreira, Editor-in-Chief; Texas A&M University
Biochemical characterization and purification of HILDA, a human lymphokine active on eosinophils and bone marrow cells (1988)

We previously described a lymphokine termed HILDA (for human interleukin DA) produced by T-lymphocyte alloreactive clones after antigenic stimulation. This factor sustains the growth of a murine IL3- sensitive cell line (DA2). In addition, HILDA is a potent activator of eosinophils and displays a burst-promoting activity on human bone marrow. In the present study, HILDA was purified to homogeneity from T- cell clone supernatant using successively sequential concentration, concanavalin A (ConA) affinity chromatography with differential elution (alpha-D glucopyranoside and alpha-D mannopyranoside), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) gel filtration and reverse-phase HPLC. The pure material appeared as a 38-kd glycoprotein on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) under reducing or nonreducing conditions. Biologic activity could be recovered from SDS- PAGE gel slices corresponding to the 38-kd band. We conclude from the specificity of the DA-2 cell line and biochemical characteristics described that this lymphokine is different from other known factors produced by human T lymphocytes.
The predicted 3D structure of the human D2 dopamine receptor and the binding site and binding affinities for agonists and antagonists (2004)

Dopamine neurotransmitter and its receptors play a critical role in the cell signaling process responsible for information transfer in neurons functioning in the nervous system. Development of improved therapeutics for such disorders as Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia would be significantly enhanced with the availability of the 3D structure for the dopamine receptors and of the binding site for dopamine and other agonists and antagonists. We report here the 3D structure of the long isoform of the human D2 dopamine receptor, predicted from primary sequence using first-principles theoretical and computational techniques (i.e., we did not use bioinformatic or experimental 3D structural information in predicting structures). The predicted 3D structure is validated by comparison of the predicted binding site and the relative binding affinities of dopamine, three known dopamine agonists (antiparkinsonian), and seven known antagonists (antipsychotic) in the D2 receptor to experimentally determined values. These structures correctly predict the critical residues for binding dopamine and several antagonists, identified by mutation studies, and give relative binding affinities that correlate well with experiments. The predicted binding site for dopamine and agonists is located between transmembrane (TM) helices 3, 4, 5, and 6, whereas the best antagonists bind to a site involving TM helices 2, 3, 4, 6, and 7 with minimal contacts to TM helix 5. We identify characteristic differences between the binding sites of agonists and antagonists.
Experimental and Theoretical Study of Hyperconjugative Interaction Effects on NMR <sup>1</sup><i>J</i><sub>CH</sub> Scalar Couplings (2006)

Hyperconjugative and electrostatic interactions effects on 1J(CH) spin-spin coupling constants (SSCCs) are critically studied from both theoretical and experimental points of view. A qualitative model is used to predict how the former affect such SSCCs, while electrostatic interactions are modeled with a point charge placed in the vicinity of the corresponding sigma(CH) bond. Hyperconjugative interactions are calculated using the "natural bond orbital" approach, and using the point-charge model, it is shown how intertwined are both types of interactions. Several members of the series 1-X-bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane and 1-X-3-methylbicyclo[1.1.1]pentane are chosen as model compounds for measuring 1J(CH) SSCCs; in some of them were performed also DFT-SSCC calculations. The strained cage substrate in these series defines strong sigma-hyperconjugative interactions, making these compounds excellent examples to verify the qualitative model presented in this work. It is verified that (a) hyperconjugative interactions from the sigma(CH) bond or into the sigma(CH) antibond containing the coupling nuclei yield a decrease of the corresponding 1J(CH) SSCC and (b) hyperconjugative interactions from other bonds involving the coupling C nucleus yield an increase of that 1J(CH) SSCC.
시멘트와 무시멘트 고관절 전치환술 후의 골소실 (1994)

Osteolysis and aseptic loosening do occur not only in cemented total hip arthroplasties but also in cementless ones. Recently, osteolysis became the main concern in total hip arthroplasty. Numerous articles, proving particulate debris, such as, polyethylene, PMMA, and metal particles can induce osteolysis, have been published. We examined ten hips which had received either cemented or cementless hip arthroplasty. We examined osteolytic lesions radiographically and microscopically and tried to find out the differences in biopsy findings between osteolytic lesions after cemented and cementless arthroplasty. The results were as follows 1) Acetabular osteolysis occurred in 4 hips with cemented total hip arthroplasty, and two hips with cementless one. 2)Femoral ostelysis developed in 4 hips with cemented total hip arthroplasty, and three hips with cementless one. 3) A similar histopathologic findings of foreign body reactions in cemented and cementless arthmplasty were found. 4) A foreign body reaction is stronger in cemented arthroplasty than cementless arthroplasty. 5) The polyethylene was a main source of osteolysis in both cemented and cementless arthroplasty. 6) The foregin body reaction was found in all lesions of osteolysis after cemented and cementless arthroplasties, the inflammatory reaction was considered as cell-mediated immune reaction.
Controlled nanostructure and high loading of single-walled carbon nanotubes reinforced polycarbonate composite (2007)

This paper presents an effective technique to fabricate thermoplastic nanocomposites with high loading of well-dispersed single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). SWNT membranes were made from a multi-step dispersion and filtration method, and then impregnated with polycarbonate solution to make thermoplastic nanocomposites. High loading of nanotubes was achieved by controlling the viscosity of polycarbonate solution. SEM and AFM characterization results revealed the controlled nanostructure in the resultant nanocomposites. Dynamic mechanical property tests indicated that the storage modulus of the resulting nanocomposites at 20 wt% nanotubes loading was improved by a factor of 3.4 compared with neat polycarbonate material. These results suggest the developed approach is an effective way to fabricate thermoplastic nanocomposites with good dispersion and high SWNT loading.
Extraction of power-transmission lines from vehicle-borne lidar data (2016)

This paper presents a step-wise method for extracting power-transmission lines and towers from vehicle-borne light detection and ranging (lidar) data. First, this method estimates road ranges with regard to incidence angles and separates off-road points from road-surface points by applying elevation-difference and slope criteria to the road ranges scan-line by scan-line. Then, three filters, in terms of height, spatial density, and a combination of size and shape, are proposed to extract power-transmission line/power tower points from the identified off-road points, followed by the extraction of individual power-transmission lines via Hough transform and Euclidean distance clustering. Finally, a three-dimensional (3D) power-transmission line is modelled as a horizontal line in the x–y plane and a vertical catenary curve defined by a hyperbolic cosine function in the x–z plane. We evaluated the method using two data sets acquired by the RIEGL VMX-450 system. The average completeness, correctness, and quality of the extracted power-lines on two data sets are 0.92, 0.99, and 0.91, respectively, and the positional accuracies including root mean square error and maximum error averaged 0.07 and 0.05 m, respectively. The results show that the proposed method extracts power-transmission lines from large-scale, vehicle-borne lidar data with good thematic and positional accuracy.
Different sequence elements are required for function of the cauliflower mosaic virus polyadenylation site in Saccharomyces cerevisiae compared with in plants. (1992)

We show that the polyadenylation site derived from the plant cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) is specifically functional in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The mRNA 3' endpoints were mapped at the same position in yeast cells as in plants, and the CaMV polyadenylation site was recognized in an orientation-dependent manner. Mutational analysis of the CaMV 3'-end-formation signal revealed that multiple elements are essential for proper activity in yeast cells, including two upstream elements that are situated more than 100 and 43 to 51 nucleotides upstream of the poly(A) addition site and the sequences at or near the poly(A) addition site. A comparison of the sequence elements that are essential for proper function of the CaMV signal in yeast cells and plants showed that both organisms require a distal and a proximal upstream element but that these sequence elements are not identical in yeast cells and plants. The key element for functioning of the CaMV signal in yeast cells is the sequence TAGTATGTA, which is similar to a sequence previously proposed to act in yeast cells as a bipartite signal, namely, TAG ... TATGTA. Deletion of this sequence in the CaMV polyadenylation signal abolished 3'-end formation in yeast cells, and a single point mutation in this motif reduced the activity of the CaMV signal to below 15%. These results indicate that the bipartite sequence element acts as a signal for 3'-end formation in yeast cells but only together with other cis-acting elements.
Investigation of Separation Force for Bottom-Up Stereolithography Process From Mechanics Perspective (2015)

Relative to the free surface stereolithography (SLA) process, the bottom-up process has several advantages that include better vertical resolution, higher material filling rate, less production time, and less waste of photopolymer materials. However, one of the major concerns of the bottom-up SLA process is that the built-up part may break due to the resultant force generated during the pulling up process. This resultant force may become significant if the adhesive mechanism between the two contact surfaces (i.e., newly cured layer and the bottom of the resin vat) produces a strong bonding characteristic. In this work, the traction force is monitored using FlexiForce® force sensors. The experimental data are analyzed in order to obtain the initial guess for the fracture properties of the separation process. Then the separation process has been modelled based on the concept of Cohesive Zone Model (CZM) in order to study crack propagation behavior in the field of fracture mechanics. The classic bi-linear traction-separation law is adopted in the present work as the nominal constitutive law that relates the resultant traction stress and the separation distance between the two contact surfaces. The results from simulation are compared with experimental data, a good agreement for maximum traction force is found, and the discrepancy is discussed.
A cross-level examination of the relationship between workplace values, conflict and trust (2008)

Scholars have given enormous attention to the top-down process of how organisational values influence individual values yet literature suggests that individual values do shape team values. Furthermore, few studies have examined the process by which specific individual values impact team values and how these team values influence team processes such as conflict and trust behaviours at the workplace. Similarly, conflict literature is replete with studies that focus on trust as antecedent to conflict but few have examined the reverse proposition that conflict has an impact on trust. To bridge these gaps in literature, this paper proposes a theoretical model aimed at examining a cross-level relationship between values, conflict and trust at the workplace. The implications of research are also discussed.
Advances in 5-hydroxymethylfurfural production from biomass in biphasic solvents (2013)

Biomass derived 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) has emerged as an important platform chemical for the production of value added chemicals and liquid fuels that are currently obtained from petroleum. Although a significant amount of research has been performed over the past decade, the high production cost of HMF is still a bottleneck for its sustainable utilization for making other value added chemicals and fuels on a commercial scale. Among several factors, low product selectivity and high purification cost are major constraints. To address these drawbacks, HMF production methodology in recent years has been directed towards utilization of biphasic media for concurrent extraction of HMF into an organic phase immediately after its formation in the reactive phase. As a result, several dozens of journal and patent articles have appeared, demonstrating the benefit of biphasic media for effective HMF extraction. This review article summarizes the findings of the most recent research articles with critical discussion on the factors that enhance the performance of biphasic media. Particular emphasis has been given to the development of more effective extracting solvents and their beneficial effect in enhancing HMF yield and selectivity, improvement of partition coefficient, mechanistic role of the bi-functional acid catalysts and factors that control high HMF selectivity for solid catalysts.
A general duality theory for uplink and downlink beamforming (2003)

We assume a multiuser downlink scenario, where the SINR at each mobile is controlled by adjusting spatial pre-filters and transmission powers at the base station, prior to transmission. In this context, an interesting duality between uplink and downlink beamforming was observed throughout the last decade. This duality allows the joint downlink optimization problem to be solved efficiently by considering the equivalent uplink problem instead, which is easier to handle. In this paper we characterize the interference scenarios and noise levels for which the SINR requirements can be supported for a given power constraint. Moreover, we provide necessary and sufficient conditions for duality. Finally, it is shown how duality can be applied in order to derive optimal transmission strategies for combined downlink beamforming and Costa pre-coding.
Bioremediation (1995)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTBioremediationWhile U.S. research focuses on site-specific cleanup, Europeans are expanding traditional waste treatment systems, and the Japanese take aim at global environmental problemsRONALD M. ATLASView Author Information University of LouisvilleCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1995, 73, 14, 32–42Publication Date (Print):April 3, 1995Publication History Published online12 November 2010Published inissue 3 April 1995https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v073n014.p032Copyright © 1995 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views34Altmetric-Citations63LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (3 MB) SUBJECTS:Biotechnology Get e-Alerts
Aerosolization and Hygroscopic Growth Evaluation of Lyophilized Liposome Aerosols Under Controlled Temperature and Relative Humidity Conditions (1996)

ABSTRACT An experimental apparatus was developed that aerosolized lyophilized liposome powders over extended periods under well-controlled and selectable conditions of temperature and relative humidity (RH). Four types of Multilamellar Large Vesicle liposomes (dilauroyl-phosphatidylcholine [DLPC], dimyristoyl-phosphati-dylcholine [DMPC], dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylcholine [DPPC], and distearoyl-phos-phatidylcholine [DSPC]) were lyophilized (freeze dried) for study in the system as a first step in their evaluation as drug carrier candidates for inhalation therapy applications. Conditions of 25°C temperature and 13–100% RH were used. Aerosol Mass Median Aerodynamic Diameters (MMADs) were measured using a time-of-flight aerodynamic particle sizer. The formulations exhibited different handling and hygroscopic growth characteristics. DLPC and DMPC were difficult to manipulate and aerosolize under all conditions; in contrast, DPPC and DSPC were easily manipulated and readily aerosolized. MMADs at the lowest RH used (13%-15%) ranged from 1.31 μm (DPPC) to 1.54 μm (DLPC). All formulations exhibited hygroscopic growth of RH 75% or higher. Growth ratios, i.e. the ratio of MMAD at a given RH to MMAD at the lowest RH used, were maximum at 95–100% RH and were: DMPC 1.67, DLPC 1.27, DSPC 1.23, and DPPC 1.15. Maximum MMADs occurred at 95%-100% RH and ranged from 1.51 /am (DPPC) to 2.2 /am (DMPC), still well within the respirable range. Hygroscopic growth was not clearly demonstrated below 55% RH. These results demonstrated that (1) the experimental apparatus was an effective tool for aerodynamic study of lyophilized liposome powders, (2) lyophilized liposomes may have practical application as dry powder pharmaceutical aerosols,(3) hygroscopic growth may have little influence on aerosol particle size and respiratory tract deposition, regardless of formulation, and (4) DSPC and DPPC appear more attractive than DMPC and DLPC for future study.
Niacinamide-containing facial moisturizer improves skin barrier and benefits subjects with rosacea. (2005)

A growing body of literature suggests that some moisturizers can improve stratum corneum barrier function, as well as ameliorate dry skin. The clinical signs and symptoms of rosacea, which include increased facial skin dryness and sensitivity, suggest a possible role for such moisturizers as an adjuvant in the management of this condition. This randomized, investigator-blind, controlled observational study (N = 50) was designed to assess whether a niacinamide-containing facial moisturizer would improve the stratum corneum barrier and thus provide a clinical benefit to subjects with rosacea. Subjects with rosacea applied the test moisturizer to their face and to one forearm twice daily for 4 weeks. The other forearm remained untreated as a control. Barrier function on the forearms was assessed instrumentally and using a dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) chemical probe. Stratum corneum hydration also was measured instrumentally. The dermatologist investigator evaluated each subject's rosacea condition over the course of the study, and subjects self-assessed their facial skin condition at study end. Instruments provided objective measures of stratum corneum barrier function and hydration on the face.