gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>C</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>Rational Quadratic Trigonometric Interpolation Spline for Data Visualization (2015)

A new<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>C</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>piecewise rational quadratic trigonometric spline with four local positive shape parameters in each subinterval is constructed to visualize the given planar data. Constraints are derived on these free shape parameters to generate shape preserving interpolation curves for positive and/or monotonic data sets. Two of these shape parameters are constrained while the other two can be set free to interactively control the shape of the curves. Moreover, the order of approximation of developed interpolant is investigated as<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3"><mml:mi>O</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>h</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo></mml:math>. Numeric experiments demonstrate that our method can construct nice shape preserving interpolation curves efficiently.
23.1: Fast‐Switching LCD with Multi‐Domain Vertical Alignment Driven by an Oblique Electric Field (2000)

Abstract We have developed a novel fast‐switching LCD with multidomain vertical alignment driven by an oblique electric field. The oblique electric field is applied between comb‐shaped source electrodes and comb‐shaped common electrodes on a TFT substrate and an ITO electrode on a CF substrate covering the entire display area. The ITO electrode is covered by a dielectric layer. The LCD has a wide viewing range (&gt;160°), a high contrast ratio (&gt;250:1) and fast response times even in black‐and‐white (13 ms (rise), 4 ms (decay)), and gray‐scale (&lt;17 ms) switching. The LCD has no problems with electrostatic charge, disclination, or slow gray‐scale switching.
Early Diagnosis and Prevention of Genetic Disease (1979)

In chapter 1 the Hagberg’s conclude that out of four major neurodevelopmental impairments cerebral palsy is most closely related to negative perinatal events. Yet, genetic factors and disturbances during organogenesis and in later pregnancy have also been mentioned as a possible etiology (1). These observations need not be contradictory since many perinatal events have their origin during the prenatal period; also disturbances during embryonic development may be caused by genetic or environmental factors alone or by a combination of both. Studies on the (genetic) etiology of cerebral palsy (CP) are, however, especially difficult because it represents a rather heterogeneous group of chronic neurological conditions rather than a well defined clinical syndrome (2).
A 3.0-W wireless power receiver circuit with 75-% overall efficiency (2012)

Resonant magnetic coupling is utilized to transfer 3.0-W power without wire. The received AC power is rectified by an active rectifier and then converted to the desired DC level by a switching DC-DC converter. The reverse leakage of the active rectifier is prevented by a delay locked loop (DLL) based delay compensation circuit. The overall power efficiency of the wireless power receiver implemented in a 0.35-μm BCDMOS technology is 75-% when the resonant frequency of the magnetic resonator is 3.23-MHz.
A Serum Glycomics Approach to Breast Cancer Biomarkers (2006)

Because the glycosylation of proteins is known to change in tumor cells during the development of breast cancer, a glycomics approach is used here to find relevant biomarkers of breast cancer. These glycosylation changes are known to correlate with increasing tumor burden and poor prognosis. Current antibody-based immunochemical tests for cancer biomarkers of ovarian (CA125), breast (CA27.29 or CA15-3), pancreatic, gastric, colonic, and carcinoma (CA19-9) target highly glycosylated mucin proteins. However, these tests lack the specificity and sensitivity for use in early detection. This glycomics approach to find glycan biomarkers of breast cancer involves chemically cleaving oligosaccharides (glycans) from glycosylated proteins that are shed or secreted by breast cancer tumor cell lines. The resulting free glycan species are analyzed by MALDI-FT-ICR MS. Further structural analysis of the glycans can be performed in FTMS through the use of tandem mass spectrometry with infrared multiphoton dissociation. Glycan profiles were generated for each cell line and compared. These methods were then used to analyze sera obtained from a mouse model of breast cancer and a small number of serum samples obtained from human patients diagnosed with breast cancer or patients with no known history of breast cancer. In addition to the glycosylation changes detected in mice as mouse mammary tumors developed, glycosylation profiles were found to be sufficiently different to distinguish patients with cancer from those without. Although the small number of patient samples analyzed so far is inadequate to make any legitimate claims at this time, these promising but very preliminary results suggest that glycan profiles may contain distinct glycan biomarkers that may correspond to glycan "signatures of cancer."
Five-Year Cimetidine Maintenance Trial for Peptic Ulcer Disease: A Clinical and Endocrinologic Approach (1990)

A multicentre maintenance trial was conducted in 63 peptic ulcer patients to investigate the efficacy and safety of continuous cimetidine maintenance therapy for up to 5 years. In Amsterdam the male patients were investigated yearly for possible endocrinologic changes and to monitor gastric acid secretory capacity. Patients with healed ulcers entered maintenance treatment with a 400-mg bedtime dose of cimetidine. The yearly relapse rates decreased from 20% to 6% from year 1 to year 4. Adverse reactions observed in this study were not different from those previously reported with cimetidine. Endocrinologic studies in 10 male patients showed a small but consistent increase in basal gastrin in the 3rd and 4th year, stabilizing in the 5th year. Prolactin levels showed a gradual increase during the first 3 years but remained well within the normal range. In the 4th and 5th year they decreased again; however, the changes noted were rather modest. It is concluded from this study that weak nocturnal acid inhibition with cimetidine maintenance treatment not only continues to be effective and safe beyond 1 year but also reduces the risk of relapse over time. No relevant endocrinologic abnormalities are to be expected with this regimen of modest nocturnal acid suppression.
TREATMENT OF SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS (1988)

Cochlear implantation, a form of neural prosthesis, is now being employed for some profoundly deaf individuals. The pathophysiology of profound deafness, the strategies inherent in cochlear implantation, the differences between various cochlear implant strategies and designs, medical and otologic evaluation of implant candidates, and the surgical procedure are each discussed. The results in speech recognition and speech reading that have been obtained with four commonly used cochlear implant systems are also presented.
A Shared Strategy for Virulence (1996)

A versatile bacterial weapon that can deliver harmful proteins directly into host cells has recently turned up in a wide range of pathogens. Called the type III secretion system, this biochemical launch pad can sidestep host defenses, and it helps cause diseases ranging from bubonic plague to tree blight.
In Vivo Efficacy of Antimicrobe-Impregnated Saline-Filled Silicone Implants (2002)

Bacterial colonization of mammary implants is a prelude to clinical infection and has been implicated in the etiology of capsular contracture. Antimicrobial impregnation of a variety of medical devices with the combination of minocycline and rifampin has recently emerged as a potentially effective method for preventing device colonization and device-related infection. The objective of this animal study was to examine in vivo the antimicrobial efficacy of minocycline/rifampin-impregnated, saline-filled silicone implants. A rabbit model of Staphylococcus aureus colonization and infection of subcutaneously placed implants was used. A total of 48 saline-filled silicone implants (24 antimicrobe-impregnated and 24 control unimpregnated implants) were suspended in a 106 colony-forming units/ml bacterial suspension of S. aureus for 30 minutes at room temperature, allowed to dry for 60 minutes, and then implanted subcutaneously in the back of 12 rabbits (two antimicrobe-impregnated and two control implants were placed in each rabbit). Rabbits were monitored daily, then killed either at 2 weeks (10 rabbits) or at 4 weeks (two rabbits) and cultured. The antimicrobe-impregnated implants were 12 times less likely to be colonized than control unimpregnated implants (two of 24 versus 23 of 24; p < 0.001), and they were a significantly less likely cause of implant-related infection (0 of 24 versus 22 of 24; p < 0.001) and implant-related abscess (0 of 24 versus 21 of 24; p < 0.001) than control implants. The minocycline/rifampin-impregnated implants routinely demonstrated zones of inhibition against S. aureus at the time of explantation. These results indicate that minocycline/rifampin-impregnated implants can significantly decrease the rate of bacterial colonization, implant-related infection, and implant-related abscess. Antimicrobe-impregnated implants also have the potential of reducing the likelihood of capsular contracture.
DIRECT AND INDIRECT STIMULATION OF PANCREATIC EXOCRINE SECRETION BY NEUROTENSIN IN ANAESTHETIZED DOGS (1991)

1. The effects of neurotensin on pancreatic exocrine secretion were investigated both in the intact whole pancreas and in the isolated, blood-perfused pancreas ex vivo in anaesthetized dogs. 2. Intravenous (i.v.) injections of neurotensin (0.01-1 nmol/kg) elicited dose-dependent increases in the secretory rate of pancreatic juice without changes in plasma levels of cholecystokinin (CCK). The concentration of bicarbonate in the pancreatic juice induced by neurotensin was increased, but the protein concentration was scarcely changed. 3. The neurotensin-induced secretion was inhibited by SCH23390, a dopamine D-1 antagonist, but not by domperidone, phentolamine, propranolol, atropine, cimetidine, or L-364,718, a CCK antagonist. 4. Intra-arterial (i.a.) injections of neurotensin (0.1-3 nmol/kg) also elicited dose-dependent increases in the secretory rate of pancreatic juice flow, but did not change bicarbonate or protein concentration. The secretory activities were less effective and 1 nmol/kg of neurotensin i.a. was approximately equal to that of 0.03 nmol/kg of neurotensin i.v. 5. These results suggest that neurotensin mainly stimulates pancreatic secretion by acting indirectly. Neurotensin-induced secretion is, at least in part, mediated by endogenously released dopamine which activates dopamine D-1 receptors on the pancreas. In addition to its indirect action, neurotensin has a weak direct action to stimulate pancreatic secretion.
Tannins and Human Health: A Review (1998)

Tannins (commonly referred to as tannic acid) are water-soluble polyphenols that are present in many plant foods. They have been reported to be responsible for decreases in feed intake, growth rate, feed efficiency, net metabolizable energy, and protein digestibility in experimental animals. Therefore, foods rich in tannins are considered to be of low nutritional value. However, recent findings indicate that the major effect of tannins was not due to their inhibition on food consumption or digestion but rather the decreased efficiency in converting the absorbed nutrients to new body substances. Incidences of certain cancers, such as esophageal cancer, have been reported to be related to consumption of tannins-rich foods such as betel nuts and herbal teas, suggesting that tannins might be carcinogenic. However, other reports indicated that the carcinogenic activity of tannins might be related to components associated with tannins rather than tannins themselves. Interestingly, many reports indicated negative association between tea consumption and incidences of cancers. Tea polyphenols and many tannin components were suggested to be anticarcinogenic. Many tannin molecules have also been shown to reduce the mutagenic activity of a number of mutagens. Many carcinogens and/or mutagens produce oxygen-free radicals for interaction with cellular macromolecules. The anticarcinogenic and antimutagenic potentials of tannins may be related to their antioxidative property, which is important in protecting cellular oxidative damage, including lipid peroxidation. The generation of superoxide radicals was reported to be inhibited by tannins and related compounds. The antimicrobial activities of tannins are well documented. The growth of many fungi, yeasts, bacteria, and viruses was inhibited by tannins. We have also found that tannic acid and propyl gallate, but not gallic acid, were inhibitory to foodborne bacteria, aquatic bacteria, and off-flavor-producing microorganisms. Their antimicrobial properties seemed to be associated with the hydrolysis of ester linkage between gallic acid and polyols hydrolyzed after ripening of many edible fruits. Tannins in these fruits thus serve as a natural defense mechanism against microbial infections. The antimicrobial property of tannic acid can also be used in food processing to increase the shelf-life of certain foods, such as catfish fillets. Tannins have also been reported to exert other physiological effects, such as to accelerate blood clotting, reduce blood pressure, decrease the serum lipid level, produce liver necrosis, and modulate immunoresponses. The dosage and kind of tannins are critical to these effects. The aim of this review is to summarize and analyze the vast and sometimes conflicting literature on tannins and to provide as accurately as possible the needed information for assessment of the overall effects of tannins on human health.
THE DELAY‐REDUCTION HYPOTHESIS OF CONDITIONED REINFORCEMENT AND PUNISHMENT: OBSERVING BEHAVIOR (1981)

Pigeons responded in an observing-response procedure in which three fixed-interval components alternated. Pecking one response key produced food reinforcement according to a mixed schedule. Pecking the second (observing) key occasionally replaced the mixed-schedule stimulus with the stimulus correlated with the fixed-interval component then in effect. In Experiment 1, observing was best maintained by stimuli correlated with a reduction in mean time to reinforcement. That finding was consistent with the conditioned-reinforcement hypothesis of observing behavior. However, low rates of observing were also maintained by stimuli not representing delay reduction. Experiment 2 assessed the role of sensory reinforcement. It showed that response rate was higher when maintained by stimuli uncorrelated with reinforcement delay than when the stimuli were correlated with a delay increase. This latter result supports a symmetrical version of the conditioned-reinforcement hypothesis that requires suppression by stimuli correlated with an increase in time to reinforcement. The results were inconsistent with hypotheses stressing the reinforcing potency of uncertainty reduction.
Graphene-based long-wave infrared TM surface plasmon modulator (2010)

We describe theoretically a new long-wave infrared optical modulator based on the characteristics of TM surface plasmons in graphene. Calculations made using a finite-τ random-phase approximation model, of relevant surface plasmon propagation parameters, are presented. We show that the plasmon losses vary as a function of carrier density; for large carrier densities, the interband absorption of the plasmon energy is blocked due to filling of the conduction band states, and for small carrier densities, the plasmon energy is absorbed by interband optical transitions. The carrier density versus plasmon loss curve exhibits a kink at the boundary between these two qualitatively dissimilar absorption mechanisms, corresponding to the intersection between the plasmon dispersion curve and the onset threshold for the interband absorption. The modulator device can be switched between high and low transmission states by varying the carrier density with an applied gate bias voltage. The device is limited in optical frequency to plasmons with photon energies less than the optical phonon energy (200 meV in graphene). An example modulator design for light with vacuum wavelength λ0=10 μm is presented. This modulator exhibits a contrast ratio in the transmitted optical power between ON and OFF states of ~62 dB. A simple circuit model indicates that the switching speed of the modulator should be limited by the carrier relaxation time (1.35×10−13 s).
Dynamic Sensing of Human Eye (2006)

This paper challenges the dynamic based diagnosis (see Fig. 1) of human eye. Through a high speed motion capture during an air jet applied to a human eye, the eye dynamics including stiffness and damping is evaluated. By utilizing both the eye pressure and the dynamic parameters, we can increase the reliability of the eye diagnosis. We show that each subject has his (or her) own impedance parameters and that stiffness is an important index for guaranteeing the validity of eye pressure sensing.
Optimising expression of the recombinant fusion protein biopesticide ω-hexatoxin-Hv1a/GNA in<i>Pichia pastoris:</i>sequence modifications and a simple method for the generation of multi-copy strains (2014)

Production of recombinant protein bio-insecticides on a commercial scale can only be cost effective if host strains with very high expression levels are available. A recombinant fusion protein containing an arthropod toxin, ω-hexatoxin-Hv1a, (from funnel web spider Hadronyche versuta) linked to snowdrop lectin (Galanthus nivalis agglutinin; GNA) is an effective oral insecticide and candidate biopesticide. However, the fusion protein was vulnerable to proteolysis during production in the yeast Pichia pastoris. To prevent proteolysis, the Hv1a/GNA fusion expression construct was modified by site-directed mutagenesis to remove a potential Kex2 cleavage site at the C-terminus of the Hv1a peptide. To obtain a high expressing clone of P. pastoris to produce recombinant Hv1a/GNA, a straightforward method was used to produce multi-copy expression plasmids, which does not require multiple integrations to give clones of P. pastoris containing high copy numbers of the introduced gene. Removal of the Kex2 site resulted in increased levels of intact fusion protein expressed in wild-type P. pastoris strains, improving levels of intact recombinant protein recoverable. Incorporation of a C-terminal (His)6 tag enabled single step purification of the fusion protein. These modifications did not affect the insecticidal activity of the recombinant toxin towards lepidopteran larvae. Introduction of multiple expression cassettes increased the amount of secreted recombinant fusion protein in a laboratory scale fermentation by almost tenfold on a per litre of culture basis. Simple modifications in the expression construct can be advantageous for the generation of high expressing P. pastoris strains for production of a recombinant protein, without altering its functional properties.
Improving Corpus Comparability for Bilingual Lexicon Extraction from Comparable Corpora (2012)

Previous work on bilingual lexicon extraction from comparable corpora aimed at finding a good representation for the usage patterns of source and target words and at comparing these patterns efficiently. In this paper, we try to work it out in another way: improving the quality of the comparable corpus from which the bilingual lexicon has to be extracted. To do so, we propose a measure of comparability and a strategy to improve the quality of a given corpus through an iterative construction process. Our approach, being general, can be used with any existing bilingual lexicon extraction method. We show here that it leads to a significant improvement over standard bilingual lexicon extraction methods. 1
Rapid preparation of triazolyl substituted NH-heterocyclic kinase inhibitors via one-pot Sonogashira coupling–TMS-deprotection–CuAAC sequence (2011)

The one-pot, three-component Sonogashira coupling-TMS-deprotection-CuAAC ("click") sequence is the key reaction for the rapid synthesis of triazolyl substituted N-Boc protected NH-heterocycles, such as indole, indazole, 4-, 5-, 6-, and 7-azaindoles, 4,7-diazaindole, 7-deazapurines, pyrrole, pyrazole, and imidazole. Subsequently, the protective group was readily removed to give the corresponding triazolyl derivatives of these tremendously important NH-heterocycles. All compounds have been tested in a broad panel of kinase assays. Several compounds, 8f, 8h, 8k, and 8l, have been shown to inhibit the kinase PDK1, a target with high oncology relevance, and thus they are promising lead structures for the development of more active derivatives. The X-ray structure analysis of compound 8f in complex with PDK1 has revealed the detailed binding mode of the molecule in the kinase.
Finite State Markov Model for Effective Bandwidth Calculation in Wireless Packet Networks (2005)

In this paper we study the causal behavior of Rayleigh fading wireless channel and a single queue system buffer using the finite state Markov chain (FSMC) and the finite buffer fluid flow model. In the process, we propose a state partitioning scheme for capturing the wireless channel realities based on the combined effect of level crossing rate (LCR), average fade duration (AFD) and the average value of the signal SNR observed at the output of the matched filter or correlation demodulator. Relevant system parameters captured using such a scheme is linked with the fluid flow traffic model to create a modulated Markov process (MMP) that is used to calculate the packet loss rate and effective bandwidth of the system.
A new force field for molecular mechanical simulation of nucleic acids and proteins (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA new force field for molecular mechanical simulation of nucleic acids and proteinsScott J. Weiner, Peter A. Kollman, David A. Case, U. Chandra Singh, Caterina Ghio, Guliano Alagona, Salvatore Profeta, and Paul WeinerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 3, 765–784Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00315a051https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00315a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views10306Altmetric-Citations3968LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts