gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
주의력결핍 과잉행동장애(ADHD) 한의 변증 설문지 개발 연구 (2019)

Objectives: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is characterized by a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity impulsivity that interferes with function or development in children. In traditional Korean medicine (TKM) and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), ADHD is classified by several patterns based on symptoms and signs. However, currently, there is no objective diagnostic tool for ADHD in traditional medicine. The objective of this study was to develop the Pattern Identification Questionnaire for ADHD (parents-survey style) to be used in Korean medicine, through a literature review and consultation with groups of experts.
Methods: The types of pattern identifications of ADHD mentioned in 13 pieces of Korean and Chinese literatures and their symptoms and signs were analyzed. The advisory committee (15 Neuropsychiatrist and 11 Pediatrist in Korean Medicine) assessed the appropriateness of the literature selection and the types of pattern identification selection and their symptoms and signs, and weighed the significance of the symptoms and signs. The Pattern Identification Questionnaire for ADHD was developed using the calculated weights by evaluated significance. The translation of symptoms and signs to the Korean language was achieved through consultation with expert translators.
Results: 1. Four pattern identification types and their symptoms and signs were selected according to frequency of appearance in the Korean and Chinese literatures, and were reviewed by the advisory committee: Kidney yin deficiency and liver yang ascendant hyperactivity (腎虛肝亢), Dual deficiencies in the heart and spleen (心脾兩虛), Phlegm-fire harassing the heart (痰火擾心), and Spleen weakness and liver energy preponderance (脾虛肝旺). 2. The weights of all the symptoms and signs in the four patterns were calculated using the means and standard deviations of the symptoms and signs’ importance that were obtained from specialists’ significance weighting. 3. The Pattern Identification Questionnaire for ADHD (parents-survey style) in Korean medicine composed of 38 questions was suggested.
Conclusions: Using a review of the literature and expert advice, Pattern Identification Questionnaire for ADHD (parents-survey style) in Korean medicine was developed. Further clinical study is required to develop a final version of the questionnaire through the evaluation of reliability and validity.
Î²-Glucosidase activity from the thermophilic fungus<i>Scytalidium thermophilum</i>is stimulated by glucose and xylose (2004)

An inducible mycelial beta-glucosidase from Scytalidum thermophilum was characterized. The enzyme exhibited a pI of 6.5, a carbohydrate content of 15%, and an apparent molecular mass of about 40 kDa. Optima of temperature and pH were 60 degrees C and 6.5, respectively. The enzyme was stable up to 1 h at 50 degrees C and exhibited a half-life of 20 min at 55 degrees C. The enzyme hydrolyzed p-nitrophenyl-beta-d-glucopyranoside, p-nitrophenyl-beta-d-xylopyranoside, o-nitrophenyl-beta-d-galactopyranoside, p-nitrophenyl-alpha-arabinopyranoside, cellobiose, laminaribiose and lactose. Kinetic studies indicated that the same enzyme hydrolyzed these substrates. Beta-Glucosidase was activated by glucose or xylose at concentration varying from 50 to 200 mM. The apparent affinity constants (K0.5) for glucose and xylose were 36.69 and 43.24 mM, respectively. The stimulatory effect of glucose and xylose on the S. thermophilum beta-glucosidase is a novel characteristic which distinguish this enzyme from all other beta-glucosidases so far described.
Toward formalizing a validation methodology using simulation coverage (1997)

The biggest obstacle in the formal verification of large designs istheir very large state spaces, which cannot be handled even bytechniques such as implicit state space traversal. The only viablesolution in most cases is validation by functional simulation. Unfortunately, this has the drawbacksof high computationalrequirementsdue to the large number of test vectors needed, and the lack of adequate coverage measures to characterize the quality of a given testset. To overcome these limitations, there has been recent interest inhybrid techniques which combine the strengths of formal verification and simulation. Formal verification-based techniques are usedon a test model (usually much smaller than the design) to derive a setof functional test vectors, which are then used for design validationthrough simulation. The test set generated typically satisfies somecoverage measure on the test model. Recent research has proposedthe use of state or transition coverage. However, no effort has beenmade to relate these measures to the coverage of design errors. Furthermore, the derivation of the test model remains largely ad-hoc,with few formal guidelines.We demonstrate that under a given set of assumptions, transitiontours on test models can be used for complete validation of an implementation against a specification, for a large and important classof designs that includes many programmable/hardwired, general-purpose processors/DSPs. A by-product of this study is specificguidelines for deriving the test model, motivated by the requirement of providing complete coverage of all errors. We illustrate theapplication of our methodology on a pipelined implementation of the DLX processor.
Object-oriented distributed component software development based on CORBA (2002)

Component-based software development would allow application software to be largely constructed from existing software components. However, it faces many barriers in component integration, including programming languages, operating systems, communication mechanism, interface, etc. In this paper, an approach to cross-platform and cross-language object-oriented distributed software development through distributed component integration based on CORBA is presented. A distributed component model is developed to facilitate easy information retrieval at integration time. By dynamically generating adapters for distributed components using an integration tool, the component connecting process can be transparent to both component developers and software developers for integration. Group adapters are also developed for replicated component groups to automatically maintain state consistency and active group membership and provide fault-tolerance features in the resulting application software.
Wrapper induction for information extraction (1997)

Many Internet information resources present relational data---telephone directories, product catalogs, etc. Because these sites are formatted for people, mechanically extracting their content is difficult. Systems using such resources typically use hand-coded wrappers, procedures to extract data from information resources. We introduce wrapper induction, a method for automatically constructing wrappers, and identify hlrt, a wrapper class that is efficiently learnable, yet expressive enough to handle 48% of a recently surveyed sample of Internet resources. We use PAC analysis to bound the problem&amp;apos;s sample complexity, and show that the system degrades gracefully with imperfect labeling knowledge. 1 Introduction The Internet contains many sources of relational data. For example, when queried with a name, email address services return hname; emaili pairs. But because these sites are designed for people, the content is formatted for human browsing (e.g. an html page), rather than for use...
Lateral Extracavitary Approach to the Spine for Thoracic Disc Herniation: Report of 23 Cases (1984)

Twenty-three patients were operated upon for thoracic disc herniation between 1973 and 1982. The lateral approach to the vertebral column was used in each. Most patients had severe local pain; 13 had severe myelopathy or complete motor paralysis, including 4 who had become paraplegic after laminectomy. Eleven patients had calcified discs or osteophytic ridges. Air myelography and computed tomography were diagnostic in all cases. Postoperatively, 17 patients achieved significant relief of pain, 20 improved neurologically, and none became worse. Complications of the operation were minimal. The lateral extracavitary approach to the spine is a valuable technique for the management of thoracic disc herniation.
Generation of an E. coli platform strain for improved sucrose utilization using adaptive laboratory evolution (2019)

The generated K-12 and W platform strains, and the specific sets of mutations that enable their phenotypes, are available as valuable tools for sucrose-based industrial bioproduction in the facile E. coli chassis.
Analysis of the syrB and syrC genes of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae indicates that syringomycin is synthesized by a thiotemplate mechanism (1995)

The syrB and syrC genes are required for synthesis of syringomycin, a lipodepsipeptide phytotoxin produced by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, and are induced by plant-derived signal molecules. A 4,842-bp chromosomal region containing the syrB and syrC genes of strain B301D was sequenced and characterized. The open reading frame (ORF) of syrB was 2,847 bp in length and was predicted to encode an approximately 105-kDa protein, SyrB, with 949 amino acids. Searches of databases revealed that SyrB shares homology with members of a superfamily of adenylate-forming enzymes involved in peptide antibiotic and siderophore synthesis in a diverse spectrum of microorganisms. SyrB exhibited the highest degree of overall similarity (56.4%) and identity (33.8%) with the first amino acid-activating domain of pyoverdin synthetase, PvdD, of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The N-terminal portion of SyrB contained a domain of approximately 600 amino acids that resembles the amino acid-activating domains of thiotemplate-employing peptide synthetases. The SyrB domain contained six signature core sequences with the same order and spacing as observed in all known amino acid-activating domains involved in nonribosomal peptide synthesis. Core sequence 6 of SyrB, for example, was similar to the binding site for 4'-phosphopantetheine, a cofactor required for thioester formation. The syrC ORF (1,299 bp) was located 175 bp downstream of the syrB ORF. Analysis of the transcriptional and translational relationship between the syrB and syrC genes demonstrated that they are expressed independently. The syrC ORF was predicted to encode an approximately 48-kDa protein product of 433 amino acids which is 42 to 48% similar to a number of thioesterases, including fatty acid thioesterases, haloperoxidases, and acyltransferases, that contain a characteristic GXS (C) XG motif. In addition, a zinc-binding motif was found near the C terminus of SyrC. The data suggest that SyrB and SyrC function as peptide synthetases in a thiotemplate mechanism of syringomycin biosynthesis.
Distance Bounding with IEEE 802.15.4a: Attacks and Countermeasures (2011)

Impulse Radio Ultra-Wideband, in particular the recent standard IEEE 802.15.4a, is a primary candidate for implementing distance bounding protocols, thanks to its ability to perform accurate indoor ranging. Distance bounding protocols allow two wireless devices to securely estimate the distance between themselves, with the guarantee that the estimate is an upper-bound on the actual distance. These protocols serve as building blocks in security-sensitive applications such as tracking, physical access control, or localization. We investigate the resilience of IEEE 802.15.4a to physical-communication-layer attacks that decrease the distance measured by distance bounding protocols, thus violating their security. We consider two attack types: malicious prover (internal) and distance-decreasing relay (external). We show that if the honest devices use energy-detection receivers (popular due to their low cost and complexity), then an adversary can perform highly effective internal and external attacks, decreasing the distance by hundreds of meters. However, by using more sophisticated rake receivers, or by implementing small modifications to IEEE 802.15.4a and employing energy-detection receivers with a simple countermeasure, honest devices can reduce the effectiveness of external distance-decreasing relay attacks to the order of 10m. The same is true for malicious prover attacks, provided that an additional modification to IEEE 802.15.4a is implemented.
Random Walks for Image Segmentation (2006)

A novel method is proposed for performing multilabel, interactive image segmentation. Given a small number of pixels with user-defined (or predefined) labels, one can analytically and quickly determine the probability that a random walker starting at each unlabeled pixel will first reach one of the prelabeled pixels. By assigning each pixel to the label for which the greatest probability is calculated, a high-quality image segmentation may be obtained. Theoretical properties of this algorithm are developed along with the corresponding connections to discrete potential theory and electrical circuits. This algorithm is formulated in discrete space (i.e., on a graph) using combinatorial analogues of standard operators and principles from continuous potential theory, allowing it to be applied in arbitrary dimension on arbitrary graphs.
Flue-gas desulfurization gypsum effects on urea-degrading bacteria and ammonia volatilization from broiler litter (2017)

A major concern of the broiler industry is the volatilization of ammonia (NH3) from the mixture of bedding material and broiler excretion that covers the floor of broiler houses. Gypsum has been proposed as a litter amendment to reduce NH3 volatilization, but reports of NH3 abatement vary among studies and the mechanism responsible for decreasing NH3 volatilization is not well understood. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding 20 or 40% flue-gas desulfurization gypsum (FGDG) to broiler litter on pH, electrical conductivity (EC), water potential, urea-degrading bacteria abundance, NH3 and carbon dioxide (CO2) evolution, and nitrogen (N) mineralization in several 21-d experiments. The addition of FGDG to broiler litter increased EC by 24 to 33% (P < 0.0001), decreased urea-degrading bacteria by 48 to 57% (P = 0.0001) and increased N mineralization by 10 to 11% (P = 0.0001) as compared to litters not amended with FGDG. Furthermore, the addition of FGDG to broiler litter decreased NH3 volatilization by 18 to 28% (P < 0.0001), potentially resulting from the significantly lower litter pH values compared to un-amended litter (P < 0.0001). Findings of this study indicate that amending broiler litter with 20% FGDG can decrease NH3 volatilization and increase the fertlizer value of broiler litter.
Tumor promoter-stimulated Mr 92,000 gelatinase secreted by normal and malignant human cells: isolation and characterization of the enzyme from HT1080 tumor cells. (1990)

A Mr 92,000 metalloprotease, originally observed in neutrophils, has been found to be secreted by various normal and malignant cells of fibroblastic, hematopoietic, and epithelial origin. The responsiveness of the various cell types to the tumor promoter phorbol ester (phorbol myristate acetate) to secrete this enzyme and a corresponding Mr 72,000 gelatinase has been determined using gelatin zymograms. The latent zymogen form of the Mr 92,000 enzyme has been purified from phorbol myristate acetate-stimulated HT1080 human fibrosarcoma cells using sequential gelatin-Sepharose affinity chromatography and gel filtration. Selective elution from gelatin-Sepharose allows for a distinct separation of the Mr 92,000 gelatinase from the Mr 72,000 gelatinase. A fraction of the tumor cell derived latent Mr 92,000 enzyme is isolated as an apparent complex with human tissue inhibitor of metalloproteases, which is partially dissociated in sodium dodecyl sulfate and completely dissociated upon reduction of disulfide bonds and upon p-aminophenylmercuric acetate treatment. Organomercurial treatment rapidly allows for autoactivation of the proenzyme to active Mr 83,000 and Mr 75,000 species. At physiological pH, the enzyme rapidly degrades gelatin into small fragments and slowly cleaves native type V collagen at an apparent single site. Native type IV collagen is degraded to a much lesser extent. The NH2-terminal amino acid sequence of the Mr 92,000 proenzyme has been determined and is distinct from the Mr 72,000 gelatinase/type IV collagenase which is constitutively produced by fibroblasts. The Mr 92,000 enzyme is also immunologically distinct from the Mr 72,000 enzyme but immunologically cross-reactive with the neutrophil, high molecular weight gelatinase. The Mr 92,000 enzyme constitutes a distinct member of the matrix metalloprotease family. Its substrate specificity implies a broad physiological role, acting on basement membrane type V collagen as well as on denatured (gelatinized) collagens and thus may be involved in the invasive and migratory phenotype of human cells.
Phenylalanine Hydroxylation Cofactor in Phenylketonuria (1958)

The enzymatic conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine had previously been shown to require a nonprotein cofactor. It has now been demonstrated by direct assay that the cofactor is present in phenylketonuric liver samples. The lack of a functional phenylalanine hydroxylating system in phenylketonuria is not due to the absence of the cofactor.
The study on vacuum-packed microbial pollution of Si-Wu-Tang decotion (2009)

Objective Decoction of medicine through the vacuum-packed microbial contamination, to further explore the security vacuum packaging and storage time. Methods Siwutang for the study were stored under different conditions at different times, the detection of vacuum-packed decoction of microbial contamination. Methods Siwutang to study objects in different storage conditions at different times, the detection of vacuum-packed decoction of microbial contamination, Results Microbial Limit Tests in line with the 2005 version of Chinese Pharmacopoeia provisions. Conclutions From the point of view of hygiene, proper storage methods used in a certain period of time stored decoction of medicine using a vacuum packaging is safe and reliable.

Key words: 
Vacuum-packed;  Safety;  Microbe;  Contamination
Calorie Restriction in Primates: Will It Work and How Will We Know? (1999)

Dietary caloric restriction is the most robust and reproducible means of slowing aging and extending lifespan and healthspan in short-lived mammals and lower organisms. Numerous aspects of this paradigm have been investigated in laboratories around the world since its inception more than 60 years ago. However, two questions about calorie restriction remain unanswered to this day: (1) By what mechanism does it work? and (2) Will it work in humans? This review will focus on the latter with particular emphasis on evaluation criteria, current studies in primate models, available data, and plans for actual human caloric restriction interventions.
Gastric stem cells and gastric cancer stem cells (2013)

The gastric epithelium is continuously regenerated by gastric stem cells, which give rise to various kinds of daughter cells, including parietal cells, chief cells, surface mucous cells, mucous neck cells, and enteroendocrine cells. The self-renewal and differentiation of gastric stem cells need delicate regulation to maintain the normal physiology of the stomach. Recently, it was hypothesized that cancer stem cells drive the cancer growth and metastasis. In contrast to conventional clonal evolution hypothesis, only cancer stem cells can initiate tumor formation, self-renew, and differentiate into various kinds of daughter cells. Because gastric cancer can originate from gastric stem cells and their self-renewal mechanism can be used by gastric cancer stem cells, we review here how critical signaling pathways, including hedgehog, Wnt, Notch, epidermal growth factor, and bone morphogenetic protein signaling, may regulate the self-renewal and differentiation of gastric stem cells and gastric cancer stem cells. In addition, the precancerous change of the gastric epithelium and the status of isolating gastric cancer stem cells from patients are reviewed.
Identifying Inefficient Drilling Conditions Using Drilling-Specific Energy (2008)

Abstract A novel correlation identifying inefficient drilling conditions is presented using experimental and field data. Historically, Mechanical Specific Energy (MSE) has been used to improve the drilling performance with mixed results. Drilling Specific Energy (DSE) is the amount of energy required to destroy and remove underneath the bit a unit volume of rock. DSE includes axial, torsional and hydraulic energy. DSE is different than MSE because it includes a hydraulic term. The initial MSE correlation (Teale, 1964) has been modified to accommodate the new hydraulic term. Experimental and field data presented on the paper show that DSE can be used to identify inefficient drilling conditions. Experimental results illuminate the importance of including bit hydraulics into the specific energy analysis for drilling optimization. Field results reveal specific patterns for inefficient drilling conditions such as; bit balling and friction limited wells. These field results also enligthen a good correlation between the calculated DSE and the rock compressive strength. The novel correlation presented in this paper will help to improve the drilling efficiency worldwide. The new hydraulic term included on the specific energy correlation is the key to correctly matching the amount of energy used to drill and the rock compressive strength. Also, this new term illuminates how much hydraulic energy is needed to drill faster and efficiently when the mechanical energy (axial and torsional) is increased.
Modeling prostate epithelial cancer cells in three-dimensional cultures in Matrigel. (2006)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006

5151 

Growth of prostate epithelial cells in three-dimensional (3D) culture allows cells to form structures that more closely resemble their in vivo architecture. This permits further investigation into signaling pathways that control tumorigenesis in a biologically relevant context. In this study our objective was to assess whether the 3D assay (Petersen et al.1992) recapitulates the growth characteristics of human prostate epithelial cell lines in vivo . We used three human prostate epithelial cell lines, all derived from the same lineage: P69, an SV40 large T antigen immortalized human nonmalignant epithelial cell line that is non-tumorigenic; M12, a highly tumorigenic and metastatic subline derived from the P69 line, which displays a novel 16;19 chromosomal translocation resulting in the deletion of one copy of 19p-q13.1; and M12(F6), a slow growing, poorly tumorigenic subline created from M12 by the stable re-introduction of an intact human chromosome 19. The non-tumorigenic P69 line, when grown in Matrigel, organized into spheroids, commonly called acini, with a clearly defined lumen. Moreover, immunostaining with antibodies to α6- and β1-integrins showed polarization typical of glandular epithelium. The tumorigenic and metastatic M12 subline developed into highly disorganized clusters of cells exhibiting no polarization. The M12(F6) subline, which was converted to a slow growing and poorly tumorigenic line by the re-introduction of chromosome 19, reverted to forming acini-like structures with limited polarity. In the presence of the β1-integrin inhibitory antibody, AIIB2, M12 cells also reverted to forming acini. These findings indicate that growth in 3D culture closely parallels the phenotype of these prostate cells as observed in vivo in athymic nude mice, i.e., the inability to form organized acini with polarized epithelial structure in 3D parallels tumorigenicity. Moreover, β1-integrin must play a key role in acini formation as has been shown previously for the breast cells in 3D cultures (Weaver et al.1977).. These results suggest a highly relevant model system for further investigation of cancer genes and signaling pathways important to tumorigenesis and/or metastasis. This work was supported in part by DOD grant PC040763 to ZEZ and by funding from the DOE, NIH and DOD to MJB.