gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Increase in Bone Calcification in Young Rats Fed Breads Highly Fortified with Calcium (1999)

ABSTRACT Breads were prepared with flour fortified with calcium (Ca) at four levels: 211 (U.S. enrichment standard), 446, 924, and 1,412 mg/100 g of flour. Corresponding diets prepared with these breads and fed to growing rats for four weeks provided 25 (diet A), 50 (diet B), 100 (diet C), and 150% (diet D) of their Ca requirement. After four weeks, the Ca content of the femurs of these rats had increased significantly as Ca in the diet increased up to 100% of requirement but not beyond. The increase in femur strength was significant only between diet A and diet B. Apparent Ca absorption increased as Ca in the diet increased, but Ca absorbed from diet D was not retained any better than that absorbed from diet C. Overall, the data suggested that Ca in highly fortified breads was well absorbed and retained, and that the rats' Ca status early in life was greatly improved. Flour fortified with Ca up to the 924‐mg level (4.4× the mandated enrichment level) had no adverse effect on bread quality. These breads can be labeled a “good source of ” or “high in” Ca.
Synthesis of fluorosilicone having highly fluorinated alkyl side chains based on the hydrosilylation of fluorinated olefins with polyhydromethylsiloxane (2002)

Abstract Hydrosilylation of fluorinated olefins with polyhydromethylsiloxane (PHMS) in the presence of a platinum catalyst was investigated to synthesize fluorosilicone having highly fluorinated alkyl side chains (R f ; C n F 2 n +1 ). The hydrosilylation of 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,10‐heptadecafluoro‐1‐decene (C 8 F 17 CHCH 2 ) ( 1 ) with poly(dimethylsiloxane‐ co ‐hydromethylsiloxane) {(CH 3 ) 3 SiO[(H)CH 3 SiO] 8 [(CH 3 ) 2 SiO] 18 Si(CH 3 ) 3 } ( 4 ) converted the hydrogen bonded to silicons into the 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,10‐heptadecafluorodecyl group or fluorine bonded to silicons in the ratio of about 52:48, and the formation of the byproduct C 7 F 15 CFCHCH 3 ( 8 ) was observed. The hydrosilylation of 7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,11,11,12,12,13,13,14,14,14‐heptadecafluoro‐4‐oxa‐1‐tetradecene (C 8 F 17 CH 2 CH 2 OCH 2 CHCH 2 ) ( 2 ) with 4 converted the hydrogen bonded to silicons into the 7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,11,11,12,12,13,13,14,14,14‐heptadecafluoro‐4‐oxa‐tetradocyl group bonded to silicons, but an excess amount of 2 was required to complete the reaction because the isomerization of 2 occurred in part to form C 8 F 17 CH 2 CH 2 OCHCHCH 3 ( 9 ). The hydrosilylation of 4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9, 10,10,11,11,11‐heptadecafluoro‐1‐undecene (C 8 F 17 CH 2 CHCH 2 ) ( 3 ) with 4 converted the hydrogen bonded to silicons into the 4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,11,11‐heptadecafluoroundecyl group bonded to silicons. This type of fluorinated olefin was successfully applied to the hydrosilylation with other PHMS's that involved a homopolymer of PHMS and a cyclic PHMS. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 3120–3128, 2002
Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) measurements of volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere (2003)

Abstract. During the MINOS campaign in August 2001 comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) was applied to the in situ measurements of atmospheric volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at the Finokalia ground station, Crete. The measurement system employs a thermal desorption unit for on-line sampling and injection, and a GCxGC separation system equipped with a flame ionization detector (FID) for detection. The system was optimized to resolve C7−C14 organic components. Two-dimensional chromatograms from measurements of Finokalia air samples show several hundred well-separated peaks. To facilitate peak identification, cartridge samples collected at Finokalia were analyzed using the same GC×GC system coupled with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOF-MS). The resulting mass spectra were deconvoluted and compared to spectra from a database for tentative peak identification. About 650 peaks have been identified in the two-dimensional plane, with significant signal/noise ratios (&gt;100) and high spectra similarities (&gt;800). By comparing observed retention indices with those found in the literature, 235 of the identifications have been confirmed. 150 of the confirmed compounds show up in the C7−C14 range of the chromatogram from the in situ measurement. However, at least as many peaks remain unidentified. For quantification of the GCxGC measurements, peak volumes of measured compounds have been integrated and externally calibrated using a standard gas mixture.
Aligned island formation using step-band networks on Si(111) (1999)

We have achieved control of island formation using a patterned Si(111) surface with a periodic array of atomic-step bands and holes. Liquid metals, Au–Si or Ga, migrate on the patterned surface by annealing and form an island at a particular position in each pattern unit. The islands show highly uniform positions and narrow size distributions. To obtain such good uniformity, the diffusion length of surface atoms should be comparable with the pattern period. High mobility on step bands is also a necessary factor. Periodic arrays of Au islands are used as seeds for selective growth using a vapor-liquid-solid reaction.
LuckyNet: an overview (2002)

A description is presented of the motivation, architecture, initial applications, and objectives for LuckyNet, a wide-area AT&T Bell Labs gigabit research network. LuckyNet is a heterogeneous network that has as one of its major objectives the ability to provide users with gigabit-per-second network access. Initial applications provide 155 Mbps network access and include video conferencing, document retrieval, low-latency processor-sharing, and LAN interconnection.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Functional Metabolic Screen Identifies 6-Phosphofructo-2-Kinase/Fructose-2,6-Biphosphatase 4 as an Important Regulator of Prostate Cancer Cell Survival (2012)

Cancer cells undergo several changes in their metabolism that promote growth and survival. Using an unbiased functional screen, we found that the glycolytic enzyme PFKFB4 is essential for prostate cancer cell survival by maintaining the balance between the use of glucose for energy generation and the synthesis of antioxidants. Targeting PFKFB4 may therefore present new therapeutic opportunities.
Technetium-99m labeling and biodistribution of anti-TAC disulfide-stabilized Fv fragment. (1997)

The rapid achievement of high tumor-to-blood and -tissue ratios makes 99mTc-MAG3-dsFv a promising agent for scintigraphic detection of various hematological malignancies that express IL-2 alpha receptors.
Indoles, III Lactamisation of 4.9‐Dihydropyrano [3.4‐<i>b</i>]indol‐1(3<i>H</i>)‐ones. ‐ A New Synthetic Route to the β‐Carboline Ring System (1987)

Abstract Reaction of the pyrano[3.4‐ b ]indolones 1a‐d with aniline, benzylamine, phenylethylamine and propylamine at 200–210 °C yields the 2.3.4.9‐tetrahydro‐1 H ‐pyrido[3.4‐ b ]indol‐1‐ones 5a‐j , which can be converted to the 2.3.4.9‐tetrahydro‐1 H ‐pyrido[3.4‐ b ]indoles 6a‐j by reduction with LiAlH 4 . After treatment with methylamine and 2 only the amides 3 and 4 could be isolated. Unsubstituted tetrahydro‐β‐carboline 7 is available by regioselective debenzylation of 6c .
Isozyme-specific enzyme inhibitors. 10. Adenosine 5'-triphosphate derivatives as substrates or inhibitors of methionine adenosyltransferases of rat normal and hepatoma tissues (1986)

Monosubstituted adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) derivatives with a substituent of up to four atoms at any of eight positions in the adenosine moiety, or with an isosteric group replacement at O5' or in the triphosphate moiety, have been evaluated kinetically as substrates and inhibitors of liver (I), kidney (II), and Novikoff hepatoma (T) variants of rat methionine adenosyltransferase. Inhibitory potencies were expressed as KM(ATP)/Ki (for competitive inhibition vs. ATP) or as KM(ATP)/KM when no Ki value was available. Variant I was inhibited more powerfully than II or T by all of four ATP derivatives for which comparative data were obtained. Among 15 ATP derivatives, four were substrates of II or T and the remainder inhibited II and T competitively with respect to ATP; most derivatives exhibited at least moderate (greater than 0.5) inhibitory potency. Differential inhibition of II and T was shown by 11 of 14 ATP derivatives; relative inhibitory potencies (T:II) ranged from 5.5 with 2-SCH3-ATP [KM(ATP)/Ki = 1.3 with T] to 0.24 with the ATP isostere with a C5'-CH2-P alpha system [KM(ATP)/Ki = 1.9 with II]. The most effective inhibitor was the P beta, P gamma imido isostere of ATP with inhibitory potencies of 25 and 35 for II and T, respectively. The findings provide further evidence that substrate derivatives with single short groups attached at various positions, or with single isosteric group replacements, are frequently useful probes in the design of isozyme-selective inhibitors.
Incorporation and Excision of 9-(2-Phosphonylmethoxyethyl)guanine (PMEG) by DNA Polymerase δ and ε in Vitro (1998)

PMEG (9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)guanine) is an acyclic nucleotide analog being evaluated for its anti-proliferative activity. We examined the inhibitory effects of PMEG diphosphate (PMEGpp) toward DNA polymerases (pol) delta and epsilon and found it to be a competitive inhibitor of both these enzymes. The apparent Ki values for PMEGpp were 3-4 times lower than the Km values for dGTP. The analog was shown to function as a substrate and to be incorporated into DNA by both enzymes. Examination of the ability of pol delta and pol epsilon to repair the incorporated PMEG revealed that pol epsilon could elongate PMEG-terminated primers in both matched and mismatched positions with an efficiency equal to 27 and 85% that observed for dGMP-terminated control template-primers. Because PMEG acts as an absolute DNA chain terminator, the elongation of PMEG-terminated primers is possible only by cooperation of the 3'-5'-exonuclease and DNA polymerase activities of the enzyme. In contrast to pol epsilon, pol delta exhibited negligible activity on these template-primers, indicating that pol epsilon, but not pol delta, can repair the incorporated analog.
ChemInform Abstract: 2,3‐BENZODIAZEPINES: 2‐AMINOISOQUINOLINONES FROM RING CONTRACTION OF 1‐OXO‐2,3‐BENZODIAZEPINES (1980)

Abstract Den Haupteinfluß auf die Ausb. bei der Umlagerung der Dihydrobenzodiazepinone (I) in 2 proz. HCl in die Isochinolinone (II) hat die Substitution am N(2).
p185HER2 monoclonal antibody has antiproliferative effects in vitro and sensitizes human breast tumor cells to tumor necrosis factor. (1989)

The HER2/c-erbB-2 gene encodes the epidermal growth factor receptorlike human homolog of the rat neu oncogene. Amplification of this gene in primary breast carcinomas has been show to correlate with poor clinical prognosis for certain cancer patients. We show here that a monoclonal antibody directed against the extracellular domain of p185HER2 specifically inhibits the growth of breast tumor-derived cell lines overexpressing the HER2/c-erbB-2 gene product and prevents HER2/c-erbB-2-transformed NIH 3T3 cells from forming colonies in soft agar. Furthermore, resistance to the cytotoxic effect of tumor necrosis factor alpha, which has been shown to be a consequence of HER2/c-erbB-2 overexpression, is significantly reduced in the presence of this antibody.
Endogenous IL-1 receptor antagonist protein (IRAP) regulates schistosome egg granuloma formation and the regional lymphoid response. (1993)

This study examined the role of IL-1 receptor antagonist protein (IRAP) in the regulation of the immune/inflammatory response to schistosome eggs. Initial screening for IRAP-specific mRNA transcripts by reverse transcriptase and primer-directed polymerase chain reactions suggested significant endogenous IRAP synthesis in lungs with Schistosoma mansoni egg-induced hypersensitivity granulomas but not in normal lungs or lungs with non-immune bead granulomas. Direct detection using mIRAP-specific antibodies corroborated the RNA studies. Both ELISA and immunohistochemical studies revealed significant spontaneous IRAP production in cultures of isolated egg granulomas and regional reactive lymphoid tissue that could be localized largely but not exclusively to macrophages. Synchronously developing secondary schistosome egg granulomas showed accelerated and augmented IRAP production compared with primary lesions, paralleling granuloma cellularity and growth kinetics. Nonimmune T cell-independent bead lesions produced the least amounts of IRAP. In draining lymphoid tissue the onset of IRAP production corresponded with local cell proliferation in both primary and secondary egg responses. Next, the in vivo role of IRAP was tested by administration of anti-IRAP antisera which caused 40-50% increases in egg granuloma area. Moreover, treatment increased (50-100%) IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, and IFN-gamma production in the primary response and all but IFN in secondary response lymph node cultures. Our results suggest that IRAP is an endogenous regulatory protein and may limit the activity of IL-1 during the Ag-specific granulomatous response to schistosome eggs. Furthermore, our findings provide in vivo support for the notion that Ag-elicited lymphocyte-derived products probably augment IRAP production and block the action of IL-1.
Separating Sources in Marine Simultaneous Shooting Acquisition – Method &amp; Applications (2012)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2012Separating Sources in Marine Simultaneous Shooting Acquisition – Method & ApplicationsAuthors: Rolf BaardmanRoald van BorselenRolf BaardmanPGS and Roald van BorselenPGShttps://doi.org/10.1190/segam2012-0992.1 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Abstract A modified inversion approach is presented for the effective separation of sources in marine simultaneous shooting acquisition. The method aims to distribute all energy in the simultaneous shot records by reconstructing the individual shot records at their respective locations. The method is applied to a simulated simultaneous long offset data set, where two sources are used to acquire long offsets with conventional cables. In the second example, the performance is investigated on a data set from Western Australia, where two sources where located within close proximity, with only a small cross line distance between them. Results demonstrate that the individual sources can be separated satisfactory for both simultaneous source configurations. Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/segam2012-0992.1FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByAcquisition/Processing: Machine learning-based deblending: Dispersed source array data exampleRolf H. Baardman and Rob F. Hegge1 October 2021 | The Leading Edge, Vol. 40, No. 10References4 February 2020Machine learning approaches for use in deblendingThe Leading Edge, Vol. 39, No. 3Classification and Suppression of Blending Noise Using Convolutional Neural Networks15 March 2019Source separation for simultaneous towed-streamer marine acquisition — A compressed sensing approachGEOPHYSICS, Vol. 80, No. 6 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2012ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 2012 Pages: 4609 Publisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 25 Oct 2012 CITATION INFORMATION Rolf Baardman and Roald van Borselen, (2012), "Separating Sources in Marine Simultaneous Shooting Acquisition – Method & Applications," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1190/segam2012-0992.1 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Preparation and Body Distribution of Freeze-Dried Powder of Ursolic Acid Phospholipid Nanoparticles (2008)

Ursolic acid (UA) is a poor soluble natural triterpenoid. It has a wide variety of antitumor activities. We extracted it from Crataegus pinnatifida for the first time. To achieve a high bioavailability, targeting effect, stability, and an intravenous (i.v.) administration, the UA phospholipid nanopowders (UA-PL-NP) were prepared, characterized, and evaluated. With soybean phospholipid as the carrier and poloxamer 188 as emulsifier, the UA nanoparticle suspension was prepared by solvent emulsification-evaporation and ultrasonic dispersion. The UA-PL-NP was obtained by freeze drying. The body distribution in mice was studied after i.v. administration of UA-PL-NP and an UA control solution (UA-Sol). The entrapment efficiency (EE) and UA concentration in vitro and in vivo were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that the UA-PL-NP had an average diameter of 273.8 nm with a zeta potential of -23.2 mV. The EE was up to 86.0%, and the drug loading (DL) was 12.8%. After i.v. administration of UA-PL-NP with low, middle and high doses, UA concentration in the livers of mice obviously increased during tested period and was highest in tested organs at 4 h. The AUC(0-12) ratio of UA-PL-NP in liver to that in plasma was much higher than that of UA-Sol, and the liver AUC(0-12) ratio of UA-PL-NP to UA-Sol was 8.6. These results indicate the UA-PL-NP have a good targeting to the liver after i.v. administration. Therefore, the UA-PL-NP is demonstrated to be available as an i.v. and liver targeting system for lipophilic antitumor triterpenoids.
Breast imaging with fluorine-18-FDG PET: quantitative image analysis. (1997)

These quantitative methods provided accurate evaluation of PET data for differentiating benign from malignant breast tumors. Quantitative assessment is recommended to complement visual image interpretation with the potential benefit of reduced interobserver variability.
Detection of BCR-ABL mutations in patients with CML treated with imatinib is virtually always accompanied by clinical resistance, and mutations in the ATP phosphate-binding loop (P-loop) are associated with a poor prognosis (2003)

Imatinib-treated chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients with acquired resistance commonly have detectable BCR-ABL kinase domain mutations. It is unclear whether patients who remain sensitive to imatinib also have a significant incidence of mutations. We evaluated 144 patients treated with imatinib for BCR-ABL kinase domain mutations by direct sequencing of 40 accelerated phase (AP), 64 late chronic phase (> or = 12 months from diagnosis, late-CP), and 40 early-CP patients. Mutations were detected in 27 patients at 17 different residues, 13 (33%) of 40 in AP, 14 (22%) of 64 in late-CP, and 0 of 40 in early-CP. Acquired resistance was evident in 24 (89%) of 27 patients with mutations. Twelve (92%) of 13 patients with mutations in the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding loop (P-loop) died (median survival of 4.5 months after the mutation was detected). In contrast, only 3 (21%) of 14 patients with mutations outside the P-loop died (median follow-up of 11 months). As the detection of mutations was strongly associated with imatinib resistance, we analyzed features that predicted for their detection. Patients who commenced imatinib more than 4 years from diagnosis had a significantly higher incidence of mutations (18 [41%] of 44) compared with those treated within 4 years (9 [9%] of 100), P <.0001. Lack of a major cytogenetic response (MCR) was also associated with a higher likelihood of detecting a mutation; 19 (38%) of 50 patients without a MCR had mutations compared with 8 (8.5%) of 94 with an MCR, P <.0001. In conclusion, the detection of kinase domain mutations using a direct sequencing technique was almost always associated with imatinib resistance, and patients with mutations in the P-loop had a particularly poor prognosis.
Randomized Trial of Percutaneous Tibial Nerve Stimulation Versus Sham Efficacy in the Treatment of Overactive Bladder Syndrome: Results From the SUmiT Trial (2010)

This pivotal multicenter, double-blind, randomized, sham controlled trial provides level I evidence that percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation therapy is safe and effective in treating overactive bladder symptoms. The compelling efficacy of percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation demonstrated in this trial is consistent with other recently published reports and supports the use of peripheral neuromodulation therapy for overactive bladder.
Efficient Online Local Metric Adaptation via Negative Samples for Person Re-identification (2017)

Many existing person re-identification (PRID) methods typically attempt to train a faithful global metric offline to cover the enormous visual appearance variations, so as to directly use it online on various probes for identity matching. However, their need for a huge set of positive training pairs is very demanding in practice. In contrast to these methods, this paper advocates a different paradigm: part of the learning can be performed online but with nominal costs, so as to achieve online metric adaptation for different input probes. A major challenge here is that no positive training pairs are available for the probe anymore. By only exploiting easily-available negative samples, we propose a novel solution to achieve local metric adaptation effectively and efficiently. For each probe at the test time, it learns a strictly positive semi-definite dedicated local metric. Comparing to offline global metric learning, its computational cost is negligible. The insight of this new method is that the local hard negative samples can actually provide tight constraints to fine tune the metric locally. This new local metric adaptation method is generally applicable, as it can be used on top of any global metric to enhance its performance. In addition, this paper gives in-depth theoretical analysis and justification of the new method. We prove that our new method guarantees the reduction of the classification error asymptotically, and prove that it actually learns the optimal local metric to best approximate the asymptotic case by a finite number of training data. Extensive experiments and comparative studies on almost all major benchmarks (VIPeR, QMUL GRID, CUHK Campus, CUHK03 and Market-1501) have confirmed the effectiveness and superiority of our method.
Inhaled iloprost suppresses the cardinal features of asthma via inhibition of airway dendritic cell function (2007)

Inhalation of iloprost, a stable prostacyclin (PGI(2)) analog, is a well-accepted and safe treatment for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Although iloprost mainly acts as a vasodilator by binding to the I prostanoid (IP) receptor, recent evidence suggests that signaling via this receptor also has antiinflammatory effects through unclear mechanisms. Here we show in a murine model of asthma that iloprost inhalation suppressed the cardinal features of asthma when given during the priming or challenge phase. As a mechanism of action, iloprost interfered with the function of lung myeloid DCs, critical antigen-presenting cells of the airways. Iloprost treatment inhibited the maturation and migration of lung DCs to the mediastinal LNs, thereby abolishing the induction of an allergen-specific Th2 response in these nodes. The effect of iloprost was DC autonomous, as iloprost-treated DCs no longer induced Th2 differentiation from naive T cells or boosted effector cytokine production in primed Th2 cells. These data should pave the way for a clinical effectiveness study using inhaled iloprost for the treatment of asthma.