gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Short‐Term Growth Hormone Therapy in Short Children without Growth Hormone Deficiency (1990)

Evaluation of 24-hour endogenous growth hormone (GH) secretion was carried out in 62 children, aged 7-16 years, who did not have classic GH deficiency (GHD). The mean 24-hour GH concentration, determined at 20-minute intervals over 24 hours, was variable, ranging from 1.28 to 11.39 micrograms/l with a mean of 4.95 +/- 2.55 micrograms/l (+/- SD). There was a positive correlation between mean 24-hour GH concentration and plasma insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) values (r = 0.54; p less than 0.01). Recombinant human GH, 0.1 IU/kg/day was administered to 30 of the 62 children for 6 months followed by 6 months' observation without treatment. Thereafter, GH was administered at the same dose for a further 6 months to 16 children. The mean height velocities before, during, and after the first treatment period were 4.3 +/- 0.9, 7.3 +/- 1.9 and 4.9 +/- 2.0 cm/year (mean +/- SD), respectively. The height velocity during treatment was greater than pre- and post-treatment values (p less than 0.001). The height velocity increased again during the second treatment period to a mean of 8.5 +/- 2.0 cm/year (p less than 0.001). Nine other children were treated continuously in a similar manner for 1 year and their height velocity increased significantly from 4.1 +/- 1.4 to 6.0 +/- 1.9 cm/year (p less than 0.001). According to our criteria, 29 of the 39 children (74.4%) who were treated for 6-12 months showed a GH-dependent height increase during therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Direct Liquid Chromatographic Resolution of Acidic Drugs Using a Chiral α<sub>1</sub>-Acid Glycoprotein Column (Enantiopac®) (1986)

Abstract A chiral α1-acid glycoprotein column (EnantioPac®) has been used for the separation of the enantiomers of some acidic (ibuprofen, ketoprofen, naproxen, 2-phenoxypropionic acid, bendroflumethiazide, ethotoin and hexobarbital) and basic drugs (disopyramide and RAC 109). The column is prepared by immobilization of the human plasma protein α1-acid glycoprotein on silica particles. The retention and the enantioselectivity of the solutes can easily be regulated by the addition of the tertiary amine N,N,-dimethyloctylamine (DMOA) to the mobile phase. DMOA decreases the retention and the enantioselectivity of the weaker acids, whereas the retention and the enantioselectivity of the stronger acids increase drastically with increasing DMOA concentration. The influence of column temperatures between 25 and 80°C on the separation factor, separation efficiency and the resolution was also evaluated. Stability studies indicate that the α1-acid glycoprotein column (EnantioPac®) is very stable. It can be used at elevated temperatures, it tolerates pure 2-propanol and has been stored in a water-2-propanol mixture long periods (12 months) with < 10% changes of the capacity and separation factors.
Multicopy suppressors of prc mutant Escherichia coli include two HtrA (DegP) protease homologs (HhoAB), DksA, and a truncated R1pA (1996)

We have isolated three multicopy suppressors of the conditional lethal phenotype of a prc (tsp) null strain of Escherichia coli. One of these suppressors included two novel putative protease genes in tandem that map to 3400 kb or 72.5 centisomes on the chromosome. We propose the names hhoA and hhoB, for htrA homolog, to denote that these genes encode proteins that are 58 and 35% identical, respectively, to the HtrA (DegP) serine protease and 36% identical to each other. The HhoA and HhoB proteins are predicted to be 455 and 355 amino acids, respectively, in length. The mature HhoA protein is periplasmic in location, and amino-terminal sequencing shows that it arises following cleavage of a 27-amino-acid signal peptide. Searches of the protein and DNA databases reveal a rapidly growing family of homologous genes in a variety of other bacteria, including several which are required for virulence in their host. Deletion of the hhoAB genes shows that they are not required for viability at high temperatures like the homologous htrA but grow more slowly than wild-type strains. A second multicopy prc suppressor is the dksA (dnaK suppressor) gene, which is also a multicopy suppressor of defects in the heat shock genes dnaK, dnaJ, and grpE. The dksA gene was independently isolated as a multicopy suppressor of a mukB mutation, which is required for chromosomal partitioning. A third dosage-dependent prc suppressor includes a truncated rare lipoprotein A (rlpA) gene.
Transplantation of umbilical cord blood after myeloablative therapy: analysis of engraftment [see comments] (1992)

The possibility that umbilical cord and placental blood from an HLA-identical sibling might produce stable donor-derived lymphohematopoietic engraftment was tested in a patient with juvenile chronic myelogenous leukemia (JCML). After conditioning with high-dose busulfan and cyclophosphamide, cryopreserved umbilical cord blood, containing 0.5 x 10(8) nucleated cells/kg and 2.7 x 10(4) colony forming units-granulocyte, macrophage (CFU-GM)/kg, was infused. A leukocyte count greater than 1,000/microL, absolute neutrophil count (ANC) greater than 500/microL, and platelet count greater than 20,000/microL (untransfused) were observed on days 39, 39, and 47 after transplantation, respectively. Donor cell engraftment was documented in the peripheral blood and bone marrow by cytogenetic analysis, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as early as day 21. Furthermore, the donor origin of each lymphohematopoietic lineage (ie, CD5+ T cells, CD19/20+ B cells, CFU-GM, and burst-forming unit-erythrocyte [BFU-E]) was confirmed. On day 200, assays of the peripheral blood and bone marrow showed an abnormal proliferation of CFU-GM at low seeding densities in the absence of exogenous growth factors, as well as a hypersensitivity to granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), both pathophysiologic characteristics of JCML. Recurrent disease was confirmed histologically on day 225. Together, these results demonstrate that umbilical cord blood contains sufficient numbers of hematopoietic stem cells necessary for the engraftment of leukemia patients treated with myeloablative therapy and that the detection of "spontaneous" CFU-GM and hypersensitivity to GM-CSF after treatment is a marker of residual or recurrent disease in patients with JCML.
Testosterone deficiency causes penile fibrosis and organic erectile dysfunction in aging men. Evaluating association among Age, TDS and ED (2012)

This study demonstrates a strong association among age, testosterone deficiency, cavernosal fibrosis and ED with PR. Age, testosterone deficiency and cavernosal fibrosis are potentially correctable factors of cavernosal fibrosis and organic ED. Further, prospective studies are needed to evaluate if testosterone treatment, alone or in association with PDE5 inhibitors, may lower the risk of cavernosal fibrosis or decrease the severity the fibrosis in ED patients.
Logic Gates Made from Polymer Transistors and Their Use in Ring Oscillators (1995)

Metal-insulator-semiconductor field-effect transistors have been fabricated from polymer semiconductors that can be processed from solution. The performance of these transistors is sufficient to allow the construction of simple logic gates that display voltage amplification. Successful coupling of these gates into ring oscillators demonstrates that these logic gates can switch subsequent gates and perform logic operations. The ability to perform logic operations is an essential requirement for the use of polymer-based transistors in low-cost low-end data storage applications.
Ancient Conserved Regions in New Gene Sequences and the Protein Databases (1993)

Sets of new gene sequences from human, nematode, and yeast were compared with each other and with a set of Escherichia coli genes in order to detect ancient evolutionarily conserved regions (ACRs) in the encoded proteins. Nearly all of the ACRs so identified were found to be homologous to sequences in the protein databases. This suggests that currently known proteins may already include representatives of most ACRs and that new sequences not similar to any database sequence are unlikely to contain ACRs. Preliminary analyses indicate that moderately expressed genes may be more likely to contain ACRs than rarely expressed genes. It is estimated that there are fewer than 900 ACRs in all.
Low-loss high-confinement waveguides and microring resonators in AlGaAs-on-insulator (2016)

AlGaAs is a promising material for integrated nonlinear photonics due to its intrinsic high nonlinearity. However, the challenging fabrication of deep etched AlGaAs devices makes it difficult to realize high-performance devices such as low-loss dispersion engineered waveguides and high-quality microring resonators. Here, we report a process to make high-quality AlGaAs-on-insulator (AlGaAsOI) wafers where high confinement waveguides can be realized. Using optimized patterning processes, we fabricated AlGaAsOI waveguides with propagation losses as low as 1 dB/cm and microring resonators with quality factors up to 350,000 at telecom wavelengths. Our demonstration opens new prospects for AlGaAs devices in integrated nonlinear photonics.
A Family of Exponential Step-Down Switched-Capacitor Converters and Their Applications in Two-Stage Converters (2013)

This paper presents a family of exponential voltage step-down switched-capacitor (ESC) converters. Considering the demand of large-voltage-gain step-down converters in the market, it is difficult to achieve the step-down requirement with good efficiency for a single-stage buck converter. The two-stage converter has been an effective solution for high-voltage-step-down applications. In this paper, making use of the large-voltage-gain conversion property of the ESC converter, a two-stage ESC-buck converter is proposed. A mathematical tool for the accurate calculation of efficiency is developed. The efficiency characteristic of the proposed ESC converter is established. Experimental efficiency measurements are carried out using the ESC converter proposed and two different types of commercially available buck converter ICs. The results show that the efficiency of the ESC-buck converter is higher than that of a single buck converter for large-voltage-gain applications.
Synthesis of customized petroleum-replica fuel molecules by targeted modification of free fatty acid pools in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2013)

Biofuels are the most immediate, practical solution for mitigating dependence on fossil hydrocarbons, but current biofuels (alcohols and biodiesels) require significant downstream processing and are not fully compatible with modern, mass-market internal combustion engines. Rather, the ideal biofuels are structurally and chemically identical to the fossil fuels they seek to replace (i.e., aliphatic n- and iso-alkanes and -alkenes of various chain lengths). Here we report on production of such petroleum-replica hydrocarbons in Escherichia coli. The activity of the fatty acid (FA) reductase complex from Photorhabdus luminescens was coupled with aldehyde decarbonylase from Nostoc punctiforme to use free FAs as substrates for alkane biosynthesis. This combination of genes enabled rational alterations to hydrocarbon chain length (Cn) and the production of branched alkanes through upstream genetic and exogenous manipulations of the FA pool. Genetic components for targeted manipulation of the FA pool included expression of a thioesterase from Cinnamomum camphora (camphor) to alter alkane Cn and expression of the branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase complex and β-keto acyl-acyl carrier protein synthase III from Bacillus subtilis to synthesize branched (iso-) alkanes. Rather than simply reconstituting existing metabolic routes to alkane production found in nature, these results demonstrate the ability to design and implement artificial molecular pathways for the production of renewable, industrially relevant fuel molecules.
Regulation of Munc-18/Syntaxin 1A Interaction by Cyclin-dependent Kinase 5 in Nerve Endings (1998)

The Munc-18-syntaxin 1A complex has been postulated to act as a negative control on the regulated exocytotic process because its formation blocks the interaction of syntaxin with vesicle SNARE proteins. However, the formation of this complex is simultaneously essential for the final stages of secretion as evidenced by the necessity of Munc-18's homologues in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sec1p), Drosophila (ROP), and Caenorhabditis elegans (Unc-18) for proper secretion in these organisms. As such, any event that regulates the interaction of these two proteins is important for the control of secretion. One candidate for such regulation is cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5), a member of the Cdc2 family of cell division cycle kinases that has recently been copurified with Munc-18 from rat brain. The present study shows that Cdk5 bound to its neural specific activator p35 not only binds to Munc-18 but utilizes it as a substrate for phosphorylation. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that Munc-18 that has been phosphorylated by Cdk5 has a significantly reduced affinity for syntaxin 1A. Finally, it is shown that Cdk5 can also bind to syntaxin 1A and that a complex of Cdk5, p35, Munc-18, and syntaxin 1A can be fashioned in the absence of ATP and promptly disassembled upon the addition of ATP. These results suggest a model in which p35-activated Cdk5 becomes localized to the Munc-18-syntaxin 1A complex by its affinity for both proteins so that it may phosphorylate Munc-18 and thus permit the positive interaction of syntaxin 1A with upstream protein effectors of the secretory mechanism.
Cell‐free production and stable‐isotope labeling of milligram quantities of proteins (1999)

We have improved the productivity of an Escherichia coli cell-free protein synthesis system. First, creatine phosphate and creatine kinase were used as the energy source regeneration system, and the other components of the reaction mixture were optimized. Second, the E. coli S30 cell extract was condensed by dialysis against a polyethylene glycol solution to increase the rate of synthesis. Third, during the protein synthesis, the reaction mixture was dialyzed against a low-molecular-weight substrate solution to prolong the reaction. Thus, the yield of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase was raised to 6 mg/ml of reaction mixture. Stable-isotope labeling of a protein with 13C/15N-labeled amino acids for NMR spectroscopy was achieved by this method.
Differential expression of cytochrome oxidase (COX) genes in different regions of monkey brain (1992)

A frontal pole cDNA library from monkey (Macaca mulatta) brain was screened to identify mRNAs that are expressed more in frontal pole as compared to primary visual cortex. Three cDNA clones, whose greater expression was confirmed by Northern blot analysis, were identified as cytochrome oxidase (COX) subunits I, II, and III (COX I, II, and III). Each clone showed higher levels of mRNA in the frontal pole, dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus than in the primary visual or somatosensory cortices. COX histochemistry of prefrontal, visual, and somatosensory cortical regions demonstrated heterogeneous distributions, with highest activity in dendrite-rich neuropil of the cortex. A laminar distribution of COX mRNA expression also was demonstrated with in situ hybridization. mRNA was detected in cell bodies and in apical dendrites. These results indicate region specific differences in the distribution of COX activity and in the corresponding mRNA for three of its subunits within the monkey brain. Such differences may be related to differences in the distribution of neuropil as compared with cell bodies among the brain regions studied, and may be relevant to selective vulnerability in Alzheimer's disease.
Remote Memory Management and Prefetching Techniques for Jobs in Grid (2006)

Predominant resources for execution of any application are computational power and memory. On one side, computational power has grown many folds faster than memory capacity. On the other side, application's memory requirements have kept on increasing from time to time. Application's minimum memory requirement influences job scheduling decision in grid. But once the application starts executing it faces memory pressure i.e. increase in memory requirement. This could be handled by remote memory paging - moving pages from memory loaded machine to remote machine with unused memory. Highly unpredictable network latency in grid has direct impact on the remote memory access latency. The idea of prediction and prefetching can be adapted to reduce this latency. Profile based and Markov based prediction models are explored in this paper. The experiments on memory intensive applications show that the Markov based model has better accuracy and profile based prediction provide good coverage.
Production of platelet-derived growth factor-like molecules and reduced expression of platelet-derived growth factor receptors accompany transformation by a wide spectrum of agents. (1984)

A series of nontransformed human and murine cells and derivative cell lines transformed by methylcholanthrene; by simian virus 40, Kirsten and Moloney murine sarcoma viruses, simian sarcoma virus, and adenovirus; and by a "spontaneous" event in culture were examined for the expression of receptors for the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and for production of substances able to compete with 125I-labeled PDGF for binding to the cell-surface PDGF receptor. In each case, transformation resulted in a 50-100% decrease in available PDGF receptors. All transformed cells except the methylcholanthrene-transformed mouse cells produce a PDGF competitor into the conditioned medium. Levels of PDGF competitor in conditioned medium at the end of a 48-hr collection were as high as 2 ng/ml--high enough to be measured by radioreceptor assay diluted 1:30 and to maximally stimulate [3H]thymidine incorporation by human fibroblasts. The PDGF competitor activity detected in a radioreceptor assay does not reflect irreversible (e.g., proteolytic) damage to the receptor of test cells since its effects are reversed by acetic acid dissociation. Antiserum against human PDGF neutralizes 20-80% of the PDGF competitor found in conditioned medium from different transformed human cells and 100% of the activity from normal human endothelial cells. The possibility that induction of expression of the cellular PDGF gene may be involved in the mechanism of transformation of PDGF-responsive mesenchymal cells is discussed.
Two‐Headed PROTAC: An Effective New Tool for Targeted Protein Degradation (2010)

Better than one: A novel class of PROTAC that recruits target protein for ubiquitination and subsequent degradation by the proteasome has been successfully synthesized and tested for its activity to degrade a target protein. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Is Sacral Nerve Stimulation an Effective Treatment for Chronic Idiopathic Anal Pain? (2009)

Long-term follow-up data showing improvements in scores on the visual analog pain scale and quality of life questionnaire indicate that, before adopting more aggressive surgical procedures, SNS should be considered for patients with chronic idiopathic anal pain in whom pharmacologic and biofeedback treatments have failed to produce effective results.
Enhanced Tumorigenic Behavior of Glioblastoma Cells Expressing a Truncated Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Is Mediated through the Ras-Shc-Grb2 Pathway (1996)

A mutant epidermal growth factor receptor (DeltaEGFR) containing a deletion of 267 amino acids from the extracellular domain is common in human glioblastomas. We have previously shown that the mutant receptor fails to bind EGF, is constitutively phosphorylated, and confers upon U87MG glioblastoma cells expressing it (U87MG. DeltaEGFR), an increased ability to form tumors in mice. Here we demonstrate that the constitutively phosphorylated DeltaEGFR enhances growth of glioblastoma cells through increased activity of Ras: 1) there was an increase in the proportion of Ras present in the GTP-bound form, and 2) introduction of neutralizing anti-Ras 259 antibodies into U87MG and U87MG.DeltaEGFR cells by microinjection inhibited DNA synthesis to the same low level in both cell populations. We also show that the truncated EGF receptor constitutively associates with the adapter proteins Shc and Grb2 which are involved in the recruitment of Ras to activated receptors. Several derivatives of DeltaEGFR containing single, or multiple mutations at critical autophosphorylation sites were constructed and used to demonstrate that the major Shc binding site is Tyr-1148, and that Grb2 association occurs primarily through Tyr-1068. We conclude that the increased tumorigenic potential of glioblastoma cells expressing the truncated EGF receptor is due at least in part to Ras activation presumably involving the Shc and Grb2 adapter proteins.
Streamer Waves Driven by Coronal Mass Ejections (2010)

Between July 5th and July 7th 2004, two intriguing fast coronal mass ejection(CME)-streamer interaction events were recorded by the Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO). At the beginning of the events, the streamer was pushed aside from their equilibrium position upon the impact of the rapidly outgoing and expanding ejecta; then, the streamer structure, mainly the bright streamer belt, exhibited elegant large scale sinusoidal wavelike motions. The motions were apparently driven by the restoring magnetic forces resulting from the CME impingement, suggestive of magnetohydrodynamic kink mode propagating outwards along the plasma sheet of the streamer. The mode is supported collectively by the streamer-plasma sheet structure and is therefore named "streamer wave" in the present study. With the white light coronagraph data, we show that the streamer wave has a period of about 1 hour, a wavelength varying from 2 to 4 solar radii, an amplitude of about a few tens of solar radii, and a propagating phase speed in the range 300 to 500 km s$^{-1}$. We also find that there is a tendancy for the phase speed to decline with increasing heliocentric distance. These observations provide good examples of large scale wave phenomena carried by coronal structures, and have significance in developing seismological techniques for diagnosing plasma and magnetic parameters in the outer corona.
Hydrocarbon Traps for Controlling Cold Start Emissions (1993)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The Federal Test Procedure (FTP) test contains an initial period, prior to the catalyst becoming fully activated, during which hydrocarbons escape the vehicle. These hydrocarbons constitute 60-80% of the total emitted over the entire FTP test. To meet future emission levels mandated by the California Air Resources Board, alternate technologies must be created that deal effectively with these cold start hydrocarbons. This paper describes an adsorbent bed/catalyst system that can trap approximately 70% of the available nonmethane hydrocarbons over the first two minutes of the FTP test. Importantly, the trap does not require bypass valves because of a unique heat exchange approach to catalytically consuming the trapped hydrocarbons, and because the trapping materials are unaffected by engine exhaust temperatures below 800°C. Experiments with a prototype system demonstrate that LEV emissions are possible.&lt;/div&gt;