gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interleukin-1β Increases the Biosynthesis of the Heat Shock Protein hsp70 and Selectively Decreases the Biosynthesis of five Proteins in rat Pancreatic Islets (1991)

Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of human recombinant interleukin-1 beta (rIL-1 beta) has been reported to exert both suppressive and cytotoxic effects on pancreatic beta-cells during culture in vitro. In order to investigate the molecular mechanism(s) underlying the actions of rIL-1 beta on the beta-cell, we have exposed isolated rat pancreatic islets for 3 or for 24 h to 25 U/ml of rIL-1 beta. Subsequently the biosynthesis of heat shock proteins, as assessed by western blot analysis, and total protein biosynthesis patterns were studied, using one and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of [35S]methionine labelled islet proteins from different subcellular compartments. It was found that rIL-1 beta exerted no specific effects on protein synthesis when added during a 3 h incubation period. However, after a 24 h incubation period, the synthesis of a group of acidic proteins with the approximate molecular weight of 35 kD was specifically inhibited in the rIL-1 beta treated islets. This alteration was predominantly associated with the endoplasmic reticulum fraction. The cytokine also inhibited the synthesis of four cytosolic proteins with the molecular weights 75, 85, 95 and 120 kD. In contrast, rIL-1 beta increased the expression of the heat shock protein hsp70 both in the microsomal and cytosolic fractions, in contrast to the islet nuclei in which no increase was found. These results show that exposure of pancreatic islets to rIL-1 beta is accompanied by specific alterations in the protein synthesis of the islet cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
IFN-γ-Inducible T Cell α Chemoattractant Is a Potent Stimulator of Normal Human Blood T Lymphocyte Transendothelial Migration: Differential Regulation by IFN-γ and TNF-α (2002)

Previous studies have shown that the CXC chemokine, IFN-gamma-inducible T cell alpha chemoattractant (I-TAC), was chemotactic for IL-2-activated human T lymphocytes, which express abundant CXCR3. However, because most memory T lymphocytes are also CXCR3(+), the ability of I-TAC to promote the migration of normal human blood T cells across HUVEC monolayers in Transwell chambers was examined. I-TAC induced a marked (4- to 6-fold) increase in transendothelial migration (TEM) of T cells across unstimulated HUVEC from 5.6 to 28% of input T cells and was substantially more active than IFN-gamma-inducible protein-10, another CXCR3 ligand. I-TAC significantly enhanced TEM of T cells across TNF-alpha, but not across IFN-gamma or IFN-gamma plus TNF-alpha-activated HUVEC. IFN-gamma or IFN-gamma plus TNF-alpha-activated HUVEC produced substantial amounts of I-TAC, in contrast to TNF-alpha-treated EC. Both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells migrated in response to I-TAC to a similar extent, while memory T cells migrated several fold better than naive T cells. Blockade of LFA-1 strongly inhibited I-TAC-induced T cell TEM across unstimulated HUVEC, and approximately 50-60% of the TEM across cytokine-activated HUVEC. However, blocking both LFA-1 and very late Ag-4 abolished I-TAC induced T cell TEM. In vivo significant levels of I-TAC were detected in arthritic synovial fluid. Thus, I-TAC is one of the most potent chemoattractants of normal human blood CD4 and CD8 T cell TEM and is likely a major mediator of blood memory T lymphocyte migration to inflammation.
Combination of PCR Targeting the VD2 of <i>omp1</i> and Reverse Line Blot Analysis for Typing of Urogenital <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> Serovars in Cervical Scrape Specimens (2004)

In this study we developed and evaluated a new PCR-based typing assay, directed to the VD2 region of the omp1 gene, for the detection and typing of urogenital Chlamydia trachomatis infections. A nested VD2 PCR-reverse line blot (RLB) assay was developed for the typing of nine different urogenital serovars of C. trachomatis. The assay developed was tested with reference strains of C. trachomatis serovars and cervical scrapes of 86 Colombian women previously found to be positive for C. trachomatis by using plasmid PCR. Two sets of primers directed to the VD2 region of the omp1 gene of C. trachomatis were designed, and fragments of 220 and 166 bp were generated in the primary and nested PCRs, respectively. In addition, an RLB assay was developed to identify nine different urogenital serovars of C. trachomatis (Ba, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, and K) and group controls, including group B (Ba, D, and E), group C (I, J, K, and H), and an intermediate group (F and G). Using this assay, we were able to type 81 of the 86 samples (94.2%). Of these samples, 91.3% were single C. trachomatis infections, and 8.7% were multiple infections. The most common serovars identified were serovars D (22.2%), F (18.5%), G (13.6%), and E (12.3%). Of the women with multiple C. trachomatis infections, >50% contained both serovars D and E. The nested VD2 PCR-RLB developed is a simple, fast, and specific method for the identification of individual urogenital C. trachomatis serovars previously detected by using plasmid PCR. Moreover, it is an appropriate method for studying multiple C. trachomatis infections and for use in large epidemiological studies.
Growth of Highly Conductive n-Type Al <sub>0.7</sub> Ga <sub>0.3</sub> N Film by Using AlN Buffer with Periodical Variation of V/III Ratio (2008)

High quality and highly conductive n-type Al0.7Ga0.3N films are obtained by using AlN multi-step layers (MSL) with periodical variation of V/III ratios by low-pressure metalorganic chemical vapour deposition (LP-MOCVD). The full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of (0002) and (1015) rocking curves of the Si-doped Al0.7Ga0.3N layer are 519 and 625 arcsec, respectively. Room temperature (RT) Hall measurement shows a free electron concentration of 2.9 × 1019 cm−3, and mobility of 17.8 cm2V−1s−1, corresponding to a resistivity of 0.0121 ω cm. High conductivity of the Si-doped AlGaN film with such high Al mole fraction is mainly contributed by a remarkable reduction of threading dislocations (TDs) in AlGaN layer. The TD reducing mechanism in AlN MSL growth with periodical variation of V/III ratio is discussed in detail.
A Textbook of Science for the Health Professions (1992)

Part 1 Homeostasis. Part 2 Measurement: measurement and units concept of concentration. Part 3 Chemical properties of matter: atoms and matter how atoms combine chemical interactions. Part 4 Organic chemistry: introduction to organic compounds important biological functional groups. Part 5 Energy and the physical properties of matter: energy and the physical states of matter electricity and magnetism radiant energy or electromagnetic radiation nuclear energy heat sound mechanical properties of matter. Part 6 The composition and properties of fluids: biological role of acids and bases properties of fluid mixtures composition and properties of body fluids. Part 7 Pressure: properties of pressure diffusion osmosis and body fluid balance. Part 8 Life and the cell: the cellular basis of life the plasma membrane nucleus function. Part 9 Extracellular structure and function: cellular organization blood. Part 10 Human nutrition - nutritional principles and biomolecule groups: general concepts of nutrition carbohydrates lipids proteins nucleotides and nucleic acids. Part 11 Human nutrition - regulation of biomolecules: enzymes metabolism vitamins, minerals and water. Part 12 medical microbiology: the world of micro-organisms micro-organisms and disease body defence mechanisms. Part 13 Control and regulation of body function - neuroendocrine systems: general organization and function of the nervous system neuroendocrine connections general organization and function of the endocrine system.
Heat Shock Protein 70 Inhibitors. 1. 2,5′-Thiodipyrimidine and 5-(Phenylthio)pyrimidine Acrylamides as Irreversible Binders to an Allosteric Site on Heat Shock Protein 70 (2014)

Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) is an important emerging cancer target whose inhibition may affect multiple cancer-associated signaling pathways and, moreover, result in significant cancer cell apoptosis. Despite considerable interest from both academia and pharmaceutical companies in the discovery and development of druglike Hsp70 inhibitors, little success has been reported so far. Here we describe structure-activity relationship studies in the first rationally designed Hsp70 inhibitor class that binds to a novel allosteric pocket located in the N-terminal domain of the protein. These 2,5'-thiodipyrimidine and 5-(phenylthio)pyrimidine acrylamides take advantage of an active cysteine embedded in the allosteric pocket to act as covalent protein modifiers upon binding. The study identifies derivatives 17a and 20a, which selectively bind to Hsp70 in cancer cells. Addition of high nanomolar to low micromolar concentrations of these inhibitors to cancer cells leads to a reduction in the steady-state levels of Hsp70-sheltered oncoproteins, an effect associated with inhibition of cancer cell growth and apoptosis. In summary, the described scaffolds represent a viable starting point for the development of druglike Hsp70 inhibitors as novel anticancer therapeutics.
Stromal mesenchyme cell genes of the human prostate and bladder (2005)

Our findings show that the histologically similar stromas of the prostate and bladder are phenotypically different, and express organ-specific genes. The importance of these genes in epithelial development is suggested by their abnormal expression in cancer. Among the candidates is the hormone PENK and the down-regulation of PENK expression in cancer suggests a possible association with cancer development.
Probiotics: Properties, Examples, and Specific Applications (2013)

Probiotics are beneficial components of the microbiota that have been used for centuries because of the health benefits they confer to the host. Only recently, however, has the contribution of probiotics to modulation of immunological, respiratory, and gastrointestinal functions started to be fully appreciated and scientifically evaluated. Probiotics such as Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 and lactic acid bacteria are currently used to, or have been evaluated for use to, prevent or treat a range of intestinal maladies including inflammatory bowel disease, constipation, and colon cancer. Engineering these natural probiotics to produce immunomodulatory molecules may help to further increase the benefit to the host. In this article, we will discuss some of the mechanisms of action of probiotics as well as advances in the rational design of probiotics.
Palmitoylation and Plasma Membrane Localization of Ras2p by a Nonclassical Trafficking Pathway in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (2003)

Subcellular localization of Ras proteins to the plasma membrane is accomplished in part by covalent attachment of a farnesyl moiety to the conserved CaaX box cysteine. Farnesylation targets Ras to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where additional processing steps occur, resulting in translocation of Ras to the plasma membrane. The mechanism(s) by which this occurs is not well understood. In this report, we show that plasma membrane localization of Ras2p in Saccharomyces cerevisiae does not require the classical secretory pathway or a functional Golgi apparatus. However, when the classical secretory pathway is disrupted, plasma membrane localization requires Erf2p, a protein that resides in the ER membrane and is required for efficient palmitoylation of Ras2p. Deletion of ERF2 results in a Ras2p steady-state localization defect that is more severe when combined with sec-ts mutants or brefeldin A treatment. The Erf2p-dependent localization of Ras2p correlates with the palmitoylation of Cys-318. An Erf2p-Erf4p complex has recently been shown to be an ER-associated palmitoyltransferase that can palmitoylate Cys-318 of Ras2p (S. Lobo, W. K. Greentree, M. E. Linder, and R. J. Deschenes, J. Biol. Chem. 277:41268-41273, 2002). Erf2-dependent palmitoylation as well as localization of Ras2p requires a region of the hypervariable domain adjacent to the CaaX box. These results provide evidence for the existence of a palmitoylation-dependent, nonclassical endomembrane trafficking system for the plasma membrane localization of Ras proteins.
Low density of CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ cells is associated with increased risk of relapse in squamous cell cervical cancer (2007)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of the primary in situ cellular immune response in cervical squamous cell carcinoma. A study of 102 women treated for stage IB and IIA disease, between 1990 and 2000, was performed. Paraffin-embedded cervical tissue processed at the time of diagnosis was immunostained for CD3+ (T cells), CD4+ (T helper/regulatory T cells) and CD8+ (cytotoxic T cells) cells. Immune cell profile densities were estimated using stereology. Both intra- and peritumoural cell densities were estimated. Using Cox's proportional hazards regression modelling we found an increase in cell density to decrease the risk of relapse for all three cell types. The density of peritumoural CD3+ cells seems to have the strongest potential for predicting relapse. An increase in CD3+ cell density from 795 to 2043 cells per mm(2) (25-75 percentile) reduced the hazard ratio to 0.27.
Prodigiosin from the supernatant of <i>Serratia marcescens</i> induces apoptosis in haematopoietic cancer cell lines (2000)

The effects of supernatant from the bacterial strain Serratia marcescens 2170 (CS-2170) on the viability of different haematopoietic cancer cell lines (Jurkat, NSO, HL-60 and Ramos) and nonmalignant cells (NIH-3T3 and MDCK) was studied. We examined whether this cytotoxic effect was due to apoptosis, and we purified the molecule responsible for this effect and determined its chemical structure. Using an MTT assay we showed a rapid (4 h) decrease in the number of viable cells. This cytotoxic effect was due to apoptosis, according to the fragmentation pattern of DNA, Hoechst 33342 staining and FACS analysis of the phosphatidylserine externalization. This apoptosis was blocked by using the caspase inhibitor Z-VAD.fmk, indicating the involvement of caspases. Prodigiosin is a red pigment produced by various bacteria including S. marcescens. Using mutants of S. marcescens (OF, WF and 933) that do not synthesize prodigiosin, we further showed that prodigiosin is involved in this apoptosis. This evidence was corroborated by spectroscopic analysis of prodigiosin isolated from S. marcescens. These results indicate that prodigiosin, an immunosuppressor, induces apoptosis in haematopoietic cancer cells with no marked toxicity in nonmalignant cells, raising the possibility of its therapeutic use as an antineoplastic drug.
Spreading Waves of a Reduced Diffusion Coefficient of Water in Normal and Ischemic Rat Brain (1995)

Using echo planar diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, we measured three-dimensional changes in the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of water in eight contiguous coronal slices, encompassing the entire rat brain, before and after local cortical stimulation. We applied chemical (potassium chloride application; n = 6) and mechanical (needle stab; n = 4) stimulations to the right posterior parietal rat cortex. In all animals in which potassium chloride or the needle stab was applied, a region of decreased ADC values to a mean of 0.45 +/- 0.03 x 10(-5)cm2/s occurred. These reduced ADC levels appeared in the posterior parietal cortex within 1 min after cortical stimulation and the change recovered within 1 min. Then a ripple-like movement of similar changes developed across the unilateral cortex. This change was localized to the cortex and no significant ADC changes occurred in subcortical structures. The propagating speed of this movement was 3.4 +/- 0.5 mm/min. These findings are compatible with spreading depression as observed electrophysiologically. Similar ADC changes occurred in areas distinct from the ischemic lesion in 3 of 12 animals subjected to focal cerebral ischemia. This magnetic resonance method could detect spreading ADC decline if it occurred in human diseases including brain ischemia.
Product development of a MEMS optical scanner for a laser scanning microscope (2003)

A MEMS electromagnetic optical scanner for horizontal scanning in a laser scanning microscope has been developed. Although few MEMS actuators have been commercialized to date, it has successfully satisfied all the specifications including not only the fundamentals such as resonant frequency and maximum scan angle but also those for a commercial product such as scanning stability and reliability. It will be commercialized as a part of our product, OLS1100 in the second half of FY 2001.
Performance of positive-tone chemically amplified resists for next-generation photomask fabrication (1997)

Several types of chemically amplified resists (CARs) have been evaluated in comparison with other types of resists. The evaluated CARs were found to have better performance than conventional resists and to satisfy the requirements for next generation reticle fabrication. Especially CARs have high sensitivity and high contrast enough to make photomasks with e-beam writers and have good dry-etch durability. We evaluated the allowance of baking conditions. It was found that it was important to minimize the dependence on prebake temperature as well as on post exposure bake temperature. The influence of airborne contaminants on post exposure delay (PED) stability of CARs was investigated. PED stability depends on resist materials and the ammonia concentration in the process environment. The use of a chemical filter is effective in improving PED stability. In conclusion, CARs can meet the requirements for resists used for next generation reticle fabrication.
Molecular composition of the adenovirus type 2 virion (1985)

The representation of the different structural polypeptides within the adenovirus virion has been accurately determined, and the particle molecular weight has been derived. A stoichiometric analysis was performed with [35S]methionine as a radiolabel, and analytical sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to separate the polypeptides. The recently available sequence of the adenovirus type 2 genome was used to determine the number of methionines in each polypeptide. The resulting relative representation was placed on an absolute scale by using the known number of hexon polypeptides per virion. The analysis provides new information on the composition of the vertex region, which has been the subject of some controversy. Penton base was found to be present in 60 copies, distributed as pentamers at each of the 12 vertices. Three fiber monomers were associated with one penton base to form the penton complex. Polypeptide IX was present in 240 copies per virion and 12 copies per group-of-nine hexons, supporting a model proposed earlier for the distribution of this protein. The location of polypeptide IX explains the dissociation of the virus outer capsid into groups-of-nine hexons. The penton base was microheterogeneous, and the relative amounts suggest that the symmetry mismatch, which occurs within the penton complex between base and fiber, is resolved by the synthesis of penton base polypeptides from two closely spaced start codons.
Genetic Analysis of Parasitism in the Soybean Cyst Nematode <i>Heterodera glycines</i> (1997)

A genetic analysis of parasitic ability in the soybean cyst nematode Heterodera glycines was performed. To identify and characterize genes involved in parasitism, we developed three highly inbred H. glycines lines, OP20, OP25 and OP50, for use as parents for controlled crosses. Through these crosses, we have identified genes in the inbred parents that control reproduction of the nematode on hosts that carry resistance genes. These genes, designated as ror-* for reproduction on a resistant host, segregate in a normal Mendelian fashion as independent loci. Host range tests of F1 generation progeny indicated that at least one parasitism gene in both the OP20 and OP50 lines for host PI 88788 was dominant. Parasitism genes in OP50 for hosts "Peking" and PI 90763 are recessive. Two types of single female descent populations, a single backcrossed BC1F2-derived and a double backcrossed BC2F1-derived, were established on the susceptible soybean cultivar "Lee 68." Host range tests for parasitism in these lines demonstrated the presence of two independent genes in OP50, one for host PI 88788 designated ror-1 and one for host PI 90763 designated ror-2. OP20 carries two independent genes for parasitism on PI 88788, designated as alleles kr3 and kr4.
CNS myelin and oligodendrocytes of the Xenopus spinal cord--but not optic nerve--are nonpermissive for axon growth (1995)

In vitro assays reveal that myelin and oligodendrocytes of the Xenopus spinal cord (SC) are--unlike corresponding components of the optic nerve/tectum (OT)--nonpermissive substrates for regenerating retinal axons. The number of growth cones that crossed SC oligodendrocytes is low but increases significantly (four- to fivefold) in the presence of the antibody IN-1, in which case their numbers are similar to the number of growth cones (approximately 60%) that cross OT oligodendrocytes with or without IN-1. IN-1 neutralizes neurite growth inhibitors (NI) of rat CNS myelin, indicating that mammalian-like NI are associated with Xenopus SC myelin and oligodendrocytes but not with the OT. IN-1 immunocytochemistry on sections supports this view: SC myelin was stained with IN-1, whereas OT myelin and PNS myelin were not.
Mutations in ERK2 Binding Sites Affect Nuclear Entry (2007)

The MAPK ERK2 can enter and exit the nucleus by an energy-independent process that is facilitated by direct interactions with nuclear pore proteins. Several studies also suggest that the localization of ERK2 can be influenced by carrier proteins. Using import reconstitution assays, we examined a group of ERK2 mutants defective in known protein interactions to determine structural properties of ERK2 that contribute to its nuclear entry. ERK2 mutants defective in binding to substrates near the active site or to basic/hydrophobic docking (D) motifs were imported normally. Several ERK2 mutants defective in interactions with FXF motifs displayed slowed rates of nuclear import. The import-impaired mutants also showed reduced binding to a recombinant C-terminal fragment of nucleoporin 153 that is rich in FXF motifs. Despite the deficit revealed in some mutants via reconstitution assays, all but one of the ERK2 mutants accumulated in nuclei of stimulated cells in a manner comparable with the wild type protein; the mutant most defective in import remained in the cytoplasm. These results further support the idea that direct interactions with nucleoporins are involved in ERK2 nuclear entry and that multiple events contribute to the ligand-dependent relocalization of these protein kinases.
Nucleotide sequence and expression of the beta-lactamase gene from Staphylococcus aureus plasmid pI258 in Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus (1987)

The structural gene for beta-lactamase in the Staphylococcus aureus plasmid pI258 was cloned into a Staphylococcus aureus-Bacillus subtilis-Escherichia coli shuttle vector, pWN101, and the nucleotide sequence of the gene was determined. pWN101 was structurally stable and the beta-lactamase gene was expressed efficiently from its native promoter and ribosome-binding site in all three hosts.