gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On Choosing Server- or Client-Side Solutions for BFT (2016)

Byzantine Fault Tolerant (BFT) protocols have the ability to work correctly even when up to a threshold f of system servers are compromised. This makes them appealing for the construction of critical systems connected to the Internet, which are constantly a target for cyber attacks. BFT protocols differ based on the kind of application, deployment settings, performance, access control mechanisms, number of servers in the system, and protocol implementation. The large number of protocols present in the literature and their differences make it difficult for a system builder to choose the solution that best satisfies the requirements of the system that he wants to build. In particular, the main difference among BFT protocols lies in their system models: server-side versus client-side. In the server-side model each client relies on the system to consistently order and replicate updates, while in the client-side model each client actively participates in the protocol. In this article, we classify BFT protocols as server-side or client-side. We analyze the trade-offs between the two models, describe systems that use these models and the trade-offs they choose, highlight the research gaps, and provide guidelines to system builders in order to choose the solution that best satisfies their needs.
Toward the Design of Double Metal Cyanides for the Copolymerization of CO<sub>2</sub> and Epoxides (2001)

Reaction of [KCpFe(CN)2PPh2(CH2)1.5]2 with zinc iodide results in the formation of a nonplanar diamond-shaped arrangement of [FeCNZn]2 with a bridging diphenyl-phosphinopropane, [CpFe(μ-CN)2ZnI(THF)]2-μ-dppp. This double metal cyanide (DMC) is found to mimic the reactivity of the heterogeneous DMC catalysts. That is, it serves to homogeneously catalyze the coupling of CO2 and cyclohexene oxide to afford cyclic cyclohexene carbonate and low molecular weight polycarbonate.
The Long-Term Clinical Impact of Biochemical Recurrence of Prostate Cancer 5 or More Years After Radical Prostatectomy (2003)

Patients are at prolonged risk for BF and CF following RP. Regardless of the timing of the initial PSA recurrence the PSA doubling time is the most powerful predictor of progression, stratifying patients with BF into high and low risk groups for CF.
Response to PD-1 Blockade in Microsatellite Stable Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Harboring a<i>POLE</i>Mutation (2017)

Recent clinical evidence has demonstrated that microsatellite instability (MSI) or defective mismatch repair (MMR) and high tumor mutational load can predict response to the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) receptor inhibitor pembrolizumab in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Mutations in polymerase ε (<i>POLE</i>), a DNA polymerase involved in DNA replication and repair, contribute to an ultramutated but microsatellite stable (MSS) phenotype in colorectal tumors that is uniquely distinct from MSI tumors. This report presents the first case in the literature describing a clinical response to pembrolizumab in an 81-year-old man with treatment-refractory mCRC characterized by an MSS phenotype and <i>POLE</i> mutation identified on genomic profiling by next-generation sequencing. On tumor immunostaining, a large amount of CD8-positive tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were present, with >90% of these expressing PD-1. More than 99% of PD-L1 expression was identified on nontumor cells in the tumor microenvironment that were close to the PD-1-positive CD8 TILs. mCRC tumors harboring <i>POLE</i> mutations represent a hypermutated phenotype that may predict response to anti-PD-1 therapy.
Molecular Orbital Study of Apatite (Ca<sub>5</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>OH) Nucleation at Silica Bioceramic Surfaces (2000)

Silica bioceramics are used as prosthetic bone and dental implants because they promote apatite formation at their surfaces when immersed in simulated body fluids of composition similar to human blood plasma. Apatite formation occurs in stages, but the reaction pathway remains unresolved. We have used molecular orbital calculations to model the interactions of Ca2+, H2PO4-, HPO42-, and H2O with bioceramic surface sites represented by Si7O12H10, Si4O8H8, and Si3O6H6 to determine the reaction sequence for apatite nucleation. Predicted reaction energies, vibrational frequencies, and 29Si, 31P, and 43Ca NMR shifts were used as probes of the stable intermediates during reaction progress. Energies and vibrational frequencies were calculated using effective core potentials and valence double-ζ basis sets. Most NMR shifts were calculated using the 3-21G* basis, and using the 6-31G* basis for selected clusters. With increasing pH above the point of zero charge of silica, (pzc ≈ 3) the stability of the calcium surface complexes on the Si 3-ring ([Si3O6H6]) is predicted to be outer-sphere < inner-sphere < surface-hydroxide. Comparison of calculated 29Si and 31P NMR shielding trends of Si 3- and 4-rings (Si3O6H6 and Si4O8H8, respectively) with experimental trends for bioceramic reacting with SBF suggest that (i) the partially deprotonated 3-ring is the active surface site, because it promotes calcium ion dehydration as calcium adsorbs, (ii) formation of [SiO−Ca−OPO3H] bonds is energetically preferred over direct Si−O−P bonds, and (iii) an acidic precursor with bidentate Ca>OPO3H bonds nucleates rapidly (minutes to 1 h) at the bioceramic surface. The precursor oligomer is modeled by the complex [Si3O6H5CaHPO4(H2O)3]-. The actual precursor is proposed to contain two or three calcium hydrogen phosphate units with a stoichiometry such as [Si3O6H5CaHPO4(H2O)n]-, where n = 2 or 3. The complex [Si3O6H5CaHPO4(H2O)3]-, young bone, and bioceramic reacting with simulated body fluid share unique infrared/Raman bands at 631 and 1125−1145 cm-1, which are distinct from the bands observed in crystalline apatite and mature bone. Predicted 43Ca NMR shifts provide avenues for future experiments.
Cadexomer iodine: an effective palliative dressing in chronic critical limb ischemia. (2009)

Cadexomer iodine is an effective palliative dressing for wounds in CCLI. The antimicrobial effect of iodine prevents wet gangrene. The absorptive capacity of cadexomer beads dries necrotic tissue facilitating dry gangrene and auto-amputation without desiccating viable tissue. Cadexomer iodine enhances autolytic debridement, mitigates inflammation beyond the antimicrobial effects of iodine, and encourages granulation and epithelialization even in severely hypoperfused wounds. Cadexomer iodine delays proximal limb amputation in CCLI and may facilitate healing in some ischemic wounds.
A system for retargeting of streaming video (2009)

We present a novel, integrated system for content-aware video retargeting. A simple and interactive framework combines key frame based constraint editing with numerous automatic algorithms for video analysis. This combination gives content producers high level control of the retargeting process. The central component of our framework is a non-uniform, pixel-accurate warp to the target resolution which considers automatic as well as interactively defined features. Automatic features comprise video saliency, edge preservation at the pixel resolution, and scene cut detection to enforce bilateral temporal coherence. Additional high level constraints can be added by the producer to guarantee a consistent scene composition across arbitrary output formats. For high quality video display we adopted a 2D version of EWA splatting eliminating aliasing artifacts known from previous work. Our method seamlessly integrates into postproduction and computes the reformatting in real-time. This allows us to retarget annotated video streams at a high quality to arbitary aspect ratios while retaining the intended cinematographic scene composition. For evaluation we conducted a user study which revealed a strong viewer preference for our method.
Galectin-1 gene expression and methylation state in human T leukemia cell lines. (2000)

Galectin-1 has been demonstrated to be a mediator of T-cell apoptosis acting on activated T-cells and, in a selective manner, on different T leukemia cell lines. Here we show that the sensitivity to galectin-1 is associated with repression of the endogenous galectin-1 gene whereas non-sensitive cells express high levels of galectin-1. Repression of galectin-1 gene in sensitive cells is associated with hyper-methylation of the promoter region. Transient treatment of non-expressing cells with the demethylating agent 5-azacytidine led to irreversible demethylation and subsequent reactivation of galectin-1 gene.
Actor induction and meta-evaluation (1973)

The PLANNER project is continuing research in natural and effective means for embedding knowledge in procedures. In the course of this work we have succeeded in unifying the formalism around one fundamental concept: the ACTOR. Intuitively, an ACTOR is an active agent which plays a role on cue according to a script. We use the ACTOR metaphor to emphasize the inseparability of control and data flow in our model. Data structures, functions, semaphores, monitors, ports, descriptions, Quillian nets, logical formulae, numbers, identifiers, demons, processes, contexts, and data bases can all be shown to be special cases of actors. All of the above are objects with certain useful modes of behavior. Our formalism shows how all of these modes of behavior can be defined in terms of one kind of behavior: sending messages to actors. An actor is always invoked uniformly in exactly the same way regardless of whether it behaves as a recursive function, data structure, or process.
교사의 자기연구(Self-Study) 필요성 탐색 (2012)

오늘날 교육자의 교육 실천을 개선하기 위한 연구 방법으로 자기 연구(self-study)가 부각되고 있다. 이 연구는 K교대 교육연구원의 연구팀들이 자기연구에 대한 연구물들을 독해하는 과정에서 어떤 질문을 제기하고 무엇을 배웠으며 어떤 이해를 생성해 가고 있는지를 드러내는 글이다. 글의 전체 구조는 - - 으로 되어 있다. 첫 번째 에서는 상이한 교수 및 연구 경험을 지니고 있는 우리들이 어떻게 자기연구라는 공부와 인연을 맺게 되었는지를 주로 개인적 내러티브 형태로 기술하였다. 에서는 K교대 교육연구원에서 매주 열리는 공부 모임에서 자기연구(self-study)에 대한 연구물을 읽으면서 함께 경험한 일종의 개인적이고 공동체적인 독해의 과정을 드러내고자 하였다. 마지막으로 에서는 자기연구에 대한 우리의 이해와 실천이 심화될 경우 교사 교육자로서의 우리의 실천 및 K교육대학교 교육연구원의 현장 개선을 위한 연구 프로젝트에 어떤 새로운 모색이나 변화가 일어날지를 전망해보았다. 교사의 교육 실천의 변화를 위해서 시작한 자기연구는 대학에서 학생을 가르치는 또 다른 교사로서의 우리의 실천에 대해서 돌아보는 계기를 마련해 주었다. 자기연구에 대한 글을 읽는 과정은 다른 사람의 교육 실천의 변화를 촉진하기 이전에 우리 자신의 교육 실천을 돌아보도록 요구받는 과정이기도 하였다. 즉, 자기연구에 대한 글들을 통해서 우리는 교사로서, 예비 교사 교육자로서, 교사 교육자로서, 대학 연구자로 우리 자신과 우리가 변화를 촉진코자 하는 학교 현장과의 관계에 대해서 다각도로 성찰하게 되었다.
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D <sub>3</sub> Attenuates of Expression of Experimental Murine Lupus of MRL/1 Mice (1992)

The murine strain MRL/l spontaneously develops a systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-like syndrome. An increased number of T cells and polyclonal T helper cell activity has been described in these mice suggesting a potential role for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin-D3 [1,25-D3], an antiproliferative hormone selecting the T-helper lymphocyte subset. One month old MRL/l mice were submitted or not to 1,25-D3 0.1 microgram for 4 weeks, then 0.15 microgram given i.p. every other day for 18 weeks while maintained on a low calcium chow. Dermatologic lesions, i.e. alopecia, necrosis of the ear and scab formation, were completely inhibited by 1,25-D3 therapy. By 20 weeks, all mice had developed proteinuria. However, the degree of proteinuria was somewhat reduced in treated mice as assessed by urine protein/creatine ratios (less than 4 vs greater than 4 in treated vs untreated mice respectively). Moreover, a trend for a reduction in serum titers for anti-ssDNA antibodies was observed at 18 weeks. The active vitamin D metabolite had no effect on the development of the generalized lymphoid hyperplasia. Hypercalcemia developed when 1,25-D3 was increased to 0.15 microgram (2.62 +/- 0.12 vs 1.97 +/- 0.07 mmol/l, treated vs untreated mice respectively). These results suggest a beneficial role of 1,25-D3 in the prevention or attenuation of some manifestations of murine SLE, a model sharing many immunologic features with human SLE.
Organic Light-Emitting Materials and Devices (2006)

New advances offer flexible, low-cost fabrication methods for light-emitting materials, particularly in display technologies. As researchers continue to develop novel applications for these materials, feasible solutions for large-scale manufacturing are increasingly important. Organic Light-Emitting Materials and Devices covers all aspects o
Analysis of foot-to-ground clearance measurement techniques for MEMS realization (2007)

The foot clearance above the ground is an important clinical and rehabilitation gait analysis parameter. Current bulky and laboratory environment based instruments are not suitable for measurement in the natural environment such as the outdoors. MEMS technology can be used with integration of microelectronic circuitry to enable realization of tiny and efficient devices for this application. This paper analyses three promising distance measurement techniques (capacitive, electric field and ultrasound) that may be suitable for MEMS realization of foot clearance measurement. The study suggests that ultrasound-based technique is very suitable for this application.
Polarisation-insensitive parametric wavelength conversion without tunable filters for converted light extraction (2006)

A novel configuration for polarisation-insensitive parametric wavelength conversion that does not require tunable optical filters for extraction of the converted light and rejection of the input signal and pump lights is proposed and has been experimentally demonstrated. The proposed configuration experimentally achieves an input signal rejection ratio of more than 30 dB, and a conversion efficiency dependence on input signal light polarisation of less than 0.3 dB.
Controllable Interconnection of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes under AC Electric Field (2005)

We demonstrated the controllable interconnection of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) under alternating current (ac) electric field. The interconnected carbon nanotubes were found to be parallel with the electric flux and increased abruptly with deposition time following a self-accelerating process. Theoretical simulation indicates that the alignment and the interconnection of carbon nanotubes were induced by the dielectrophoresis force and the electric field redistribution at the nanotube apexes.
Draft Proposed: American National Standard—Graphical Kernel System (1984)

article Free Access Share on Draft Proposed: American National Standard—Graphical Kernel System Corporate: Technical Committee X3H3 - Computer Graphics View Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGGRAPH Computer GraphicsVolume 18Issue SIFebruary 1984 pp 3–130https://doi.org/10.1145/988572.988596Published:01 February 1984Publication History 14citation306DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations14Total Downloads306Last 12 Months7Last 6 weeks2 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Optimization of Dosing for EGFR-Mutant Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer with Evolutionary Cancer Modeling (2011)

Non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) that harbor mutations within the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene are sensitive to the tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) gefitinib and erlotinib. Unfortunately, all patients treated with these drugs will acquire resistance, most commonly as a result of a secondary mutation within EGFR (T790M). Because both drugs were developed to target wild-type EGFR, we hypothesized that current dosing schedules were not optimized for mutant EGFR or to prevent resistance. To investigate this further, we developed isogenic TKI-sensitive and TKI-resistant pairs of cell lines that mimic the behavior of human tumors. We determined that the drug-sensitive and drug-resistant EGFR-mutant cells exhibited differential growth kinetics, with the drug-resistant cells showing slower growth. We incorporated these data into evolutionary mathematical cancer models with constraints derived from clinical data sets. This modeling predicted alternative therapeutic strategies that could prolong the clinical benefit of TKIs against EGFR-mutant NSCLCs by delaying the development of resistance.
Enantioselective Oxidative Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling of Tertiary Amines to Aldehydes (2012)

Cooperative catalysts: An enantioselective and direct oxidative coupling of aldehydes to tertiary amines to give β-amino alcohols is described. Catalyzed by copper(II), the reaction proceeds to give a racemic mixture of products; however, by using a combination of copper(II) and a chiral amine catalyst, the reaction gives the desired products with high enantioselectivity (see scheme). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Novel heptapeptide somatostatin analog displays anti-tumor activity independent of effects on growth hormone secretion. (1992)

A series of heptapeptide somatostatin (SRIF) analogs containing mercaptopropionic acid (Mpa) and based on the parent structure Mpa-Tyr-[D]Trp-Lys-Val-Cys-Thr-NH2 were synthesized by solid-phase methodologies and assayed for their effects on rat growth hormone (GH) secretion and their ability to displace [125I]Tyr11-SRIF bound to various tissues in vitro. Structural modifications consisted primarily of aromatic substitutions for Thr. All analogs were less potent than SRIF in inhibiting GH secretion in vitro from 4-day primary cultures of rat pituitary cells (0.04-21% that of SRIF). Higher GH inhibitory potencies were observed in an acute 15 min in vivo potency assay probably reflecting increases in plasma half-life of the analogs as compared to native SRIF. All analogs had extremely low binding affinity for rat cerebral cortex (0.05-4% that of SRIF), while binding potency for rat pancreas ranged from 3-130% of SRIF. Several analogs exhibited enhanced binding to human small cell lung carcinoma cells (SCLC; NCI-H69) as compared to SRIF. One of these, containing Phe at the C-terminus, exhibited an affinity 3.5 X greater than SRIF itself and was further tested for possible effects on the proliferation of SCLC and rat pancreatic tumor cells (AR42J) in vitro. The proliferation of both tumor types was inhibited 32 and 60%, respectively (p less than 0.01). The data suggest that SRIF and certain analogs may have a direct action on proliferating tumors independent of endocrine effects and that the anti-tumor activity of SRIF analogs can be further dissociated from the other actions of native SRIF, thereby providing for potentially more selective therapeutic analogs.
Regulation of Auxin-induced Ethylene Production in Mung Bean Hypocotyls (1979)

Ethylene production in mung bean hypocotyls was greatly increased by treatment with 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), which was utilized as the ethylene precursor. Unlike auxin-stimulated ethylene production, ACC-dependent ethylene production was not inhibited by aminoethoxyvinylglycine, which is known to inhibit the conversion of S-adenosylmethionine to ACC. While the conversion of methionine to ethylene requires induction by auxin, the conversion of methionine to S-adenosylmethionine and the conversion of ACC to ethylene do not. It is proposed that the conversion of S-adenosylmethionine to ACC is the rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of ethylene, and that auxin stimulates ethylene production by inducing the synthesis of the enzyme involved in this reaction.
L-5HTP in Depression Resistant to Re-Uptake Inhibitors (1985)

L-5HTP and tranylcypromine were compared in an open, but controlled and cross-over study, in patients suffering from major depression; all were non-responders to several reuptake inhibitors, including oxaprotiline and fluvoxamine. After four unsuccessful sleep-deprivations, L-5HTP or tranylcypromine were given during four weeks in a crossover design. Of 17 patients given L-5HTP during both treatment periods, none responded, whereas of 26 patients treated with tranylcypromine, 15 responded. Thus, L-5HTP is not a therapeutically effective alternative in depressed patients who have not responded to reuptake inhibitors.
Identification of lactaldehyde dehydrogenase and glycolaldehyde dehydrogenase as functions of the same protein in Escherichia coli. (1983)

Lactaldehyde dehydrogenase is an enzyme involved in the aerobic metabolism of fucose in wild type Escherichia coli, and glycolaldehyde dehydrogenase is an enzyme involved in the metabolism of ethylene glycol in mutant cells able to utilize this glycol. Both enzyme sources display oxidative activity on either substrate with a constant ratio between these activities. We have found that both enzymatic activities present the same electrophoretic mobility when crude extracts were electrophoresed in polyacrylamide gels and the gels stained for enzyme activities. Furthermore, both enzymatic activities co-chromatograph in a DEAE-Sephadex column. If lactaldehyde dehydrogenase of wild type cells is purified near homogeneity and the purification procedure is screened for both aldehydes as substrates, only one enzyme is apparent, giving again a constant ratio between lactaldehyde and glycolaldehyde dehydrogenase activities. Genetic evidence of the fact that both activities are functions of the same protein is provided by the observation that mutation to thermosensitivity for the production of lactaldehyde dehydrogenase affected in the same way the production of glycolaldehyde dehydrogenase. Glycolaldehyde dehydrogenase from mutant cells is purified in a procedure coincident with the lactaldehyde dehydrogenase purification, yielding a single enzyme electrophoretically indistinguishable from the purified lactaldehyde dehydrogenase. Peptide mapping of the purified preparation after digestion with chymotrypsin or Staphylococcus aureus protease V8 gives an indistinguishable band pattern between both enzymes.
Nucleic acid microarrays created in the double-spiral format on a circular microfluidic disk (2008)

A microfluidic microarray that is created in the double spiral format has produced a greater density of probes than in our previous report. Using this double-spiral format together with centrifugal pumping for liquid delivery, 384 x 384 hybridization assays have been performed on one circular disk at one time, at the intersections between the spiral channels and spiral probe lines. Each sample was introduced into each inlet reservoir leading to 4 spiral channels and was analyzed independently, and so the hybridization results were self-corrected among the 4 spiral channels. In this work, fast microarray hybridizations have been successfully achieved by using both complementary oligonucleotides as well as PCR products prepared from plant fungal pathogen cultures.
Real-time head tracking and 3D pose estimation from range data (2004)

In this paper a head tracking algorithm using 3D data is described. The system relies on a novel 3D sensor that generates a dense range image of the scene. By not relying on brightness information, the proposed system guarantees robustness under various illumination conditions, and content of the scene. The main novelty of the proposed algorithms, with respect to other head tracking techniques, is the capability for accurate tracking of the 6 degrees of freedom of the head by explicitly utilising 3D head-shoulder geometry. A Bayesian tracking framework is also proposed for continuous 3D head pose estimation. The proposed system has been tested in a real-time application scenario.