gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Linear and Nonlinear Optical Characteristics of the Falicov-Kimball Model (1996)

We calculate the linear and nonlinear optical properties of the Falicov-Kimball model for a mixed-valent system within the self-consistent mean-field approximation. Second-harmonic generation can only occur if the mixed-valent state has a built-in coherence between the itinerant $d$ electrons and the localized $f$ holes. By contrast, second-harmonic generation cannot occur for solutions of the model with $f$-site occupation as a good quantum number. As an experimental test of coherence in mixed-valent compounds we propose a measurement of the dynamic second-order susceptibility.
Electrophoresis Separation in Open Microchannels. A Method for Coupling Electrophoresis with MALDI-MS (2001)

The separation of biological mixtures in open micro-channels using electrophoresis with rapid and simple coupling to mass spectrometry is introduced. Rapid open-access channel electrophoresis employs microchannels that are manufactured on microchips. Separation is performed in the open channels, and the chips are transferred to a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) source after the solvent is evaporated. The matrix (2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid) is placed in the solution with the run buffer before the separation of the analyte components. After separation, the solvent is evaporated and the microchip is ready for MALDI-MS analysis. The microchip is placed directly into a specially designed ion source of an external source Fourier transform mass spectrometry instrument. Separation of simple mixtures containing oligosaccharides and peptides is shown.
Towards semantic faceted search (2014)

In this paper we present limitations of conventional faceted search in the way data, facets, and queries are modelled. We discuss how these limitations can be addressed with Semantic Web technologies such as RDF, OWL 2, and SPARQL 1.1. We also present a system, SemFacet, that is a proof-of-concept prototype of our approach implemented on top of Yago knowledge base, powered by the OWL 2 RL triple store RDFox, and the full text search engine Lucene.
Multiple Roles of Bone Morphogenetic Protein Signaling in the Regulation of Cortical Cell Number and Phenotype (1999)

Members of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family have been implicated in multiple aspects of neural development in both the CNS and peripheral nervous system. BMP ligands and receptors, as well as the BMP antagonist noggin, are expressed in the developing cerebral cortex, making the BMPs likely candidates for regulating cortical development. To define the role of these factors in the developing cerebral cortex, we examined the effects of BMP2 and BMP4 on cortical cells in vitro. Cells were cultured from embryonic day 13 (E13) and E16 rat cerebral cortex in the absence or presence of different concentrations of fibroblast growth factor 2, a known regulator of cortical cell proliferation and differentiation. At E13, the BMPs promoted cell death and inhibited proliferation of cortical ventricular zone cells, resulting in the generation of fewer neurons and no glia. At E16, the effects of the BMPs were more complex. Concentrations of BMP2 in the range of 1-10 ng/ml promoted neuronal and astroglial differentiation and inhibited oligodendroglial differentiation, whereas 100 ng/ml BMP2 promoted cell death and inhibited proliferation. Addition of the BMP antagonist noggin promoted oligodendrogliogenesis in vitro, demonstrating that endogenous BMP signaling influences the differentiation of cortical cells in vitro. The distribution of BMP2 and noggin within the developing cortex suggests that local concentrations of ligands and antagonists define gradients of BMP signaling during corticogenesis. Together, these results support the hypothesis that the BMPs and their antagonist noggin co-regulate cortical cell fate and morphogenesis.
AMPL : a modeling language for mathematical programming (1993)

Practical large-scale mathematical programming involves more than just the application of an algorithm to minimize or maximize an objective function. Before any optimizing routine can be invoked, considerable effort must be expended to formulate the underlying model and to generate the requisite computational data structures. AMPL is a new language designed to make these steps easier and less error-prone. AMPL closely resembles the symbolic algebraic notation that many modelers use to describe mathematical programs, yet it is regular and formal enough to be processed by a computer system; it is particularly notable for the generality of its syntax and for the variety of its indexing operations. We have implemented an efficient translator that takes as input a linear AMPL model and associated data, and produces output suitable for standard linear programming optimizers. Both the language and the translator admit straightforward extensions to more general mathematical programs that incorporate nonlinear expressions or discrete variables.
Flyback-Type Single-Phase Utility Interactive Inverter With Power Pulsation Decoupling on the DC Input for an AC Photovoltaic Module System (2006)

In recent years, interest in natural energy has grown in response to increased concern for the environment. Many kinds of inverter circuits and their control schemes for photovoltaic (PV) power generation systems have been studied. A conventional system employs a PV array in which many PV modules are connected in series to obtain sufficient dc input voltage for generating ac utility line voltage from an inverter circuit. However, the total power generated from the PV array is sometimes decreased remarkably when only a few modules are partially covered by shadows, thereby decreasing inherent current generation, and preventing the generation current from attaining its maximum value on the array. To overcome this drawback, an ac module strategy has been proposed. In this system, a low-power dc-ac utility interactive inverter is individually mounted on each PV module and operates so as to generate the maximum power from its corresponding PV module. Especially in the case of a single-phase utility interactive inverter, an electrolytic capacitor of large capacitance has been connected on the dc input bus in order to decouple the power pulsation caused by single-phase power generation to the utility line. However, especially during the summer season, the ac module inverters have to operate under a very high atmospheric temperature, and hence the lifetime of the inverter is shortened, because the electrolytic capacitor has a drastically shortened life when used in a high-temperature environment. Of course, we may be able to use film capacitors instead of the electrolytic capacitors if we can pay for the extreme large volume of the inverter. However, this is not a realistic solution for ac module systems. This paper proposes a novel flyback-type utility interactive inverter circuit topology suitable for ac module systems when its lifetime under high atmospheric temperature is taken into account. A most distinctive feature of the proposed system is that the decoupling of power pulsation is executed by an additional circuit that enables employment of film capacitors with small capacitance not only for the dc input line but also for the decoupling circuit, and hence the additional circuit is expected to extend the lifetime of the inverter. The proposed inverter circuit also enables realization of small volume, lightweight, and stable ac current injection into the utility line. A control method suitable for the proposed inverter is also proposed. The effectiveness of the proposed inverter is verified thorough P-SIM simulation and experiments on a 100-W prototype
Mechanisms Controlling Crystal Habits of Gold and Silver Colloids (2005)

Abstract Examples of gold and silver anisotropic colloids, such as prisms and rods, have appeared in the literature for many years. In most cases, the morphologies of these thermodynamically unfavorable particles have been explained by the particular reaction environment in which they were synthesized. The mechanisms used to explain the growth generally fall into two categories, one in which chemically adsorbed molecules regulate the growth of specific crystal faces kinetically, and the other where micelle‐forming surfactants physically direct the shape of the particle. This paper raises questions about the growth of anisotropic metal colloids that the current mechanisms cannot adequately address, specifically, the formation of multiple shapes in a single homogeneous reaction and the appearance of similar structures in very different synthesis schemes. These observations suggest that any growth mechanism should primarily take into consideration nucleation and kinetics, and not only thermodynamics or physical constrictions. The authors suggest an alternative mechanism where the presence and orientation of twin planes in these face‐centered cubic (fcc) metals direct the shape of the growing particles. This explanation follows that used for silver halide crystals, and has the advantage of explaining particle growth in many synthesis methods. In this mechanism, twin planes generate reentrant grooves, favorable sites for the attachment of adatoms. Shape and structural data are presented for gold and silver particles synthesized using several different techniques to support this new model. Triangular prisms are suggested to contain a single twin plane which directs that growth of the initial seed in two dimensions, but limits the final size of the prism. Hexagonal platelets are suggested to contain two parallel twin planes that allow the fast growing edges to regenerate one another, allowing large sizes and aspect ratios to form. Rods and wires were found to have a fivefold symmetry, which may only allow growth in one dimension. It is expected that a superior mechanistic understanding will permit shape‐selective synthesis schemes to be developed.
Immunologic Effects of BCG in Patients With Malignant Melanoma: Specific Evidence for Stimulation of the “Secondary” Immune Response (1973)

The effects of BCG vaccine on immunologic function were assessed in 4 patients with malignant melanoma. Cell-associated immune function was quantitatively measured in vitro by the incorporation of 3H-thymidine into frozen-stored lymphocytes in response to specific antigens (both related and unrelated to BCG), allogeneic lymphocytes, and phytohemagglutinin (PHA). In vivo, cell-mediated immunity was determined by delayed hypersensitivity skin reactions to various antigens. Serum IgG, IgM, IgA, and C'3 (complement) levels were quantitated. BCG administration significantly augmented antigen-induced incorporation of 3H-thymidine in 3 patients, with little or no effect on responses to allogeneic lymphocytes or PHA. BCG selectively increased serum IgG levels in the same 3 patients. IgA, IgM, or complement levels were not enhanced. All patients converted their purified protein derivative (PPD) skin-test reactivity from negative to positive during therapy, and in 2 patients candida skin reactivity appeared. These effects on cell-associated immune functions, immunoglobulin, complement levels, and in vivo-delayed hypersensitivity were consistent with the hypothesis that BCG primarily augments host responsiveness to antigens to which the host has previously been exposed. No effect on the primary immune response was detected. The 1 patient who did not respond to BCG by either cell-associated humoral immunologic enhancement had metastatic disease before initiation of study, which then rapidly progressed. Clinically, 2 of the 3 patients reacting immunologically, in addition to the 1 patient who failed to respond, developed progressive metastatic disease during therapy. One patient continues to respond immunologically and remains Free of progressive disease.
Netlist Processing for Custom VLSI via Pattern Matching (1995)

A vast array of CAD tools are available to support the design of integrated circuits. Unfortunately, tool development lags advances in technology and design methodology - the newest, most aggressive custom chips confront design issues that were not anticipated by the currently available set of tools. When existing tools cannot fill a custom design&amp;apos;s needs, a new tool must be developed, often in a hurry. This situation arises fairly often, and many of the tools created use, or imply, some method of netlist pattern recognition. If the pattern-oriented facet of these tools could be isolated and unified among a variety of tools, custom tool writers would have a useful building block to start with when confronted with the urgent need for a new tool. Starting with the UNIX pattern-matching, text-processing tool awk as a model, a pattern-action netlist processing environment was built to test the concept of writing CAD tools by specifying patterns and actions. After implementing a wide variety of netlist processing applications, the refined pattern-action system proved to be a useful and fast way to implement new tools. Previous work in this area had reached the same conclusion, demonstrating the usefulness of pattern recognition for electrical rules checking, simulation, database conversion, and more. Our experiments identified a software building block, the &amp;quot;pattern object&amp;quot;, that can construct the operators proposed in other works while maintaining flexibility in the face of changing requirements through the decoupling of global control from a pattern matching engine. The implicit computation of subgraph isomorphism common to pattern matching systems was thought to be a potential runtime performance issue. Our experience contradicts this concern. VLSI netlists tend to be ...
A Time-Domain Morphology and Gradient based algorithm for ECG feature extraction (2012)

A Time Domain Morphology and Gradient (TDMG) based algorithm is presented in this paper for the extraction of all the fiducial time instances from a single PQRST complex. By estimating these characteristic points, all clinically important temporal ECG parameters can be calculated. The proposed algorithm is based on a combination of extrema detection and slope information, with the use of adaptive thresholding to achieve the extraction of 11 time instances. A pre-processing step removes any noise and artefacts from the captured ECG signal. Initially, the position of the R-wave and the QRS-complex boundaries are localized in time. Following, by focusing on the part of the signal that precedes and succeeds the QRS-complex, the remaining fiducial points from the P and T waves are estimated. The initial localisation of the wave boundaries is complimented by amendment steps which are introduced to cater for atypical wave morphologies, indicative of particular heart conditions. The proposed algorithm is evaluated on the QT and PTB databases against medically annotated ECG samples. The results demonstrate the ability of the proposed scheme, to estimate the ECG fiducial points with acceptable accuracy from a single-lead ECG signal. In addition, this investigation reveals the ability of the TDMG algorithm to perform accurately irrespective of the lead chosen, the different disease categories and the sampling frequency of the captured ECG signal.
Delta-Sigma Modulators - Modeling, Design and Applications (2003)

Analog-to-Digital Conversion DS Modulators - Architectures Single-Bit Single-Stage DS Modulators, Modeling and Design Implementation of DS Modulators Practical Limitations of DS Modulators Stabilization and Suppression of Tones for the Higher-Order Single-Stage DS Modulators Decimation, Interpolation and Converters Applications.
Image Fusion Using Complex Wavelets (2002)

The fusion of images is the process of combining two or more images into a single image retaining important features from each. Fusion is an important technique within many disparate fields such as remote sensing, robotics and medical applications. Wavelet based fusion techniques have been reasonably effective in combining perceptually important image features. Shift invariance of the wavelet transform is important in ensuring robust subband fusion. Therefore, the novel application of the shift invariant and directionally selective Dual Tree Complex Wavelet Transform (DT-CWT) to image fusion is now introduced. This novel technique provides improved qualitative and quantitative results compared to previous wavelet fusion methods.
The utility of excitatory amino acid (EAA) antagonists as analgesic agents. II. Assessment of the antinociceptive activity of combinations of competitive and non-competitive NMDA antagonists with agents acting at allosteric-glycine and polyamine receptor sites (1994)

The present study examined the utility of using low-dose combinations of agents acting within the NMDA receptor complex to produce analgesic effects without producing motor dysfunction. In particular, we assessed the antinociceptive activity in the formalin test of combinations of competitive (APV) and non-competitive (MK-801) NMDA receptor antagonists with agonist and antagonists acting at allosteric-glycine and polyamine receptors. Both the competitive NMDA receptor antagonist APV and the non-competitive NMDA antagonist MK-801 produced dose-dependent analgesic effects in the late, but not the early, phase of the formalin test. The antinociceptive activity of APV was significantly enhanced by combination with a non-analgesic dose of the allosteric-glycine agonist glycine, and was reduced by combination with the allosteric-glycine antagonist 7-CKA which also reversed the glycine-induced enhancement of the antinociceptive effects of APV. The antinociceptive activity of MK-801 was significantly enhanced by combination with a non-analgesic dose of the polyamine agonist spermine, and reduced by combination with the polyamine receptor antagonist IFEN which also reversed the spermine-induced enhancement of the antinociceptive effects of MK-801. The enhancement of the antinociceptive activity of APV and MK-801 by glycine and spermine, respectively, was not accompanied by increases in motor dysfunction. Thus, by using specific combination of agents acting within the NMDA receptor complex, it was possible to produce effective antinociception in the formalin test at doses of NMDA receptor antagonists which did not produce motor dysfunction.
Using Computers to Realize Joint Gains in Negotiations: Toward an “Electronic Bargaining Table” (1997)

Multiissue negotiations present opportunities for tradeoffs that create gains for one or more parties without causing any party to be worse off. The literature suggests that parties are often unable to identify and capitalize on such trades. We present a Negotiation Support System, called NEGOTIATION ASSISTANT, that enables negotiators to analyze their own preferences and provides a structured negotiation process to help parties move toward optimal trades. The underlying model is based on a multiattribute representation of preferences and communications over a computer network where offers and counteroffers are evaluated according to one's own preferences. The parties can send and receive both formal offers and informal messages. If and when agreement is reached, the computer evaluates the agreement and suggests improvements based on the criteria of Pareto-superiority. In this paper, we motivate the system, present its analytical foundations, discuss its design and development, and provide an experimental assessment of its “value-in-use.” Our results strongly suggest that parties using the system in structured negotiation settings would achieve better outcomes than parties negotiating face to face or over an e-mail messaging facility, other things being equal. For example, only 4 of the 34 dyads (11.1%) negotiating a simulated sales transaction face to face or over e-mail reached an “integrative” settlement, as compared with 29 of the 68 dyads (42.6%) using NEGOTIATION ASSISTANT. Systems such as NEGOTIATION ASSISTANT have the potential to be used in emerging “electronic markets.”
Human cDNAs rap1 and rap2 homologous to the Drosophila gene Dras3 encode proteins closely related to ras in the 'effector' region. (1988)

We have characterized two new ras-related genes rap1 and rap2 from a human cDNA library, by hybridization with the Drosophila Dras3 gene at low stringency conditions. The rap1 and rap2 genes encode proteins of 184 and 183 amino acid respectively with molecular weights of 20.9 kd and 20.7 kd. These proteins are 53% and 46% identical to the human K-ras protein and share several properties with the classical ras proteins. The C-terminal cysteine involved in the membrane anchoring as well as the GTP binding regions of the p21 ras proteins are present in the rap proteins suggesting that these proteins could bind GTP/GDP and have a membrane localization. The most striking difference between the rap and ras proteins resides in their 61st amino acid. As in the Drosophila Dras3 protein, both rap proteins have a threonine instead of the glutamine found at position 61 of the classical ras proteins. Furthermore the putative effector domain of the ras proteins is strictly conserved in the rap1 protein whereas only one amino acid difference is found in the rap2 protein. This suggests that the rap proteins might interact with the same effector as the ras proteins.
Activin Stimulation of Inhibin Secretion and Messenger RNA Levels in Cultured Granulosa Cells (1989)

Recent reports suggest that activin (the dimer of inhibin beta subunits with FSH-releasing activity) has specific receptors on ovarian granulosa cells. The present study examined the effects of purified porcine activin on inhibin secretion and mRNA levels in granulosa cells obtained from immature, estrogen-treated rats. Cells were cultured for 48 h in culture media, or media containing FSH (10 ng/ml) and/or activin (30 ng/ml). Western blot analyses performed with affinity-purified antisera to inhibin alpha- and beta A-subunits revealed that treatment with either FSH or activin increased the secretion of inhibin alpha beta dimer (Mr 30,000), with a further increase after cotreatment. These results were confirmed by an inhibin alpha-subunit RIA, which revealed 7-, 14-, and 71-fold increases in the secretion of immunoreactive inhibin-alpha by activin, FSH, and activin plus FSH, respectively. TGF beta, a structural homolog of activin, also stimulated inhibin release, whereas follistatin was ineffective. Total RNA from cultured cells was hybridized with 32P-labeled inhibin alpha-subunit cRNA or beta-actin cDNA probes, and inhibin-alpha message levels were normalized with beta-actin mRNA levels. Northern blot analysis revealed that treatment with FSH and activin increased hybridization of a 1.5 kilobase (kb) message, corresponding to the inhibin alpha-subunit mRNA. Slot blot analyses indicated a 6- and 8-fold stimulation of inhibin alpha-subunit mRNA levels by FSH and activin, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Structural Analysis of Lattice Steel Transmission Towers: A Review (2016)

Lattice Transmission Towers (LTT) and the associated transmission line systems are important infrastructure in modern society. Due to the complicated load conditions and the nonlinear interaction among the large number of structural components, accurate structural analysis of the LTT systems has been a challenging topic for many years. Still today there are some gaps between research and industrial practice. This paper presents a summary of research outcomes from current literature. Recent developments in structural modelling and failure prediction technology are reviewed in terms of connection joints, individual members and structural systems subjected to static and dynamic loads. The advantages and disadvantages of different approaches have been compared. Finally, the knowledge gaps, associated challenges and possible research directions are highlighted.