gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sample introduction for capillary gas chromatography with laser desorption and optical fibers (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSample introduction for capillary gas chromatography with laser desorption and optical fibersJanusz. Pawliszyn and Shi. LiuCite this: Anal. Chem. 1987, 59, 10, 1475–1478Publication Date (Print):May 15, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 May 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00137a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00137a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views276Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Operation of a coherent ensemble of five diode lasers in an external cavity (1991)

A theoretical analysis of the coherent external cavity semiconductor laser ensemble is presented. The theoretical analysis lends insight to the limits of stability of the coherent ensemble for different spatial filter designs and indicates differences in operating behavior expected for different current drives to the gain elements. The theoretical analysis obtained from considerations of both spectral control and stability predicts an experimental observation that spatial filter duty cycles of 30-40% optimize system behavior. The measurements demonstrate the effects on both the intensity and spectrum of the laser output that results from changing the DC and pulse drive currents to the elements in the array. With current pulses applied to only two of the elements, single-spectral-mode pulse output is possible with a linewidth of less than 7.5 MHz. Approximately 100% modulation depth pulses in a single spectral mode are reported, with measured linewidths of approximately 9 MHz compared to the 7.5 MHz instrument resolution.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Beneficial Effect of Carotid Endarterectomy in Symptomatic Patients with High-Grade Carotid Stenosis (1991)

Carotid endarterectomy is highly beneficial to patients with recent hemispheric and retinal transient ischemic attacks or nondisabling strokes and ipsilateral high-grade stenosis (70 to 99 percent) of the internal carotid artery.
Range-dependence of the HRTF for a spherical head (2002)

This paper examines the range dependence of the head-related transfer function (HRTF) for a simple spherical model of the head in both the time-domain and the frequency domain. The variation of low-frequency interaural level difference (ILD) with range is shown to be significant for ranges smaller than five times the sphere radius. The impulse response explains the source of the ripples in the frequency response, and provides direct evidence that the interaural time delay (ITD) is not a strong function of range. Time-delay measurements confirm the Woodworth/Schlosberg formula. Numerical analysis indicates that the HRTF is minimum phase. Thus, except for the time delay, the impulse response can be reconstructed from a simple principle components analysis of the magnitude response.
Spectral interferometry as an alternative to time-domain heterodyning (1997)

A novel method of time resolving the amplitude and phase of a transient nonlinear-optical polarization, based on Fourier transformation of a spectral interference pattern, is discussed. We show that with this technique the delay at which the polarization is generated can be retrieved. The method is demonstrated in a transient four-wave-mixing experiment on a dye solution.
Purification and properties of polygalacturonic acid <i>trans</i>-eliminase from <i>Bacillus stearothermophilus</i> (1980)

A strain of thermophilic bacteria, Bacillus stearothermophilus, with pectolytic activity has been isolated. It produced an endo-polygalacturonic acid trans-eliminase (endo-PATE, EC 4.2.2.2) extracellularly when grown at 65 degrees C on a pectic acid medium. The PATE was purified 62-fold by the rapid affinity chromatographic method on a Sepharose-polygalacturonamide linked matrix. The absorbed PATE was eluted from the column with a continuous gradient of 0-10(-3)M ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) in phosphate buffer at pH 7.6. The endo-PATE of this organism was much more heat stable than similar enzymes from the mesophilic Bacillus polymyxa and the thermotolerant Bacillus pumilus. The maximum activity of the enzyme occurred at 70 degrees C. With pectic acid as the substrate, the endo-PATE had an optimal pH of 9.0, the highest optimal pH compared with those of similar enzymes from other species of the genus. The molecular weight of the endo-PATE, as determined by chromatography on a Sephadex G-100 gel column, was 24 000.
Amino acid sequence of the Fc region of a human gamma G-immunoglobulin. (1968)

We have been engaged in determining the complete amino acid sequence of a human yG1 immunoglobulin.Previous studiesl-5 have confirmed the structure, which consists of two identical light chains (molecular weight, 23,500) and two identical heavy chains (molecular weight, 51,600).The light chain is composed of a variable region of 108 residues starting at the amino terminus and a constant region of about the same size comprising the rest of the chain.Preliminary evidence suggests that the variable region of the heavy chain also begins at the amino terminus6 and extends to about residue 120.In view of the fact that the heavy chain consists of approximately 440 residues, the constant region of this chain comprises about 320 residues.Because of the particular susceptibility of yG immunoglobulin to proteolytic enzymes at a restricted region7 beginning in the vicinity of residue 216,4' 8 two thirds of the constant region can be isolated as a dimer consisting of the COOH terminal halves of the two heavy chains.This Fc portion of the constant region of heavy chains can be crystallized and has been shown to play a part in physiological functions of yG immunoglobulin such as skin fixation, placental transfer, and complement fixation.9Studies on the amino acid sequence1 of Fc fragments from pooled rabbit yG immunoglobulin have provided the basis for the hypothesis that the whole immunoglobulin molecule has evolved by successive duplications of a gene that originally was approximately 300 nucleo- tides long.11Recently we have determined the amino acid sequence of the Fc portion of the human myeloma protein Eu and in the present communication compare this sequence with other regions of the same immunoglobulin molecule5' 6 as well as with sequences of other human and animal immunoglobulin chains.8' 12-14 Three stretches, at the beginning, middle, and end of the Fc regions, were found to be almost identical in rabbit and human yG immunoglobulin.The results extend the homologies established among constant regions of immunoglobulin sequences and provide the basis for the mapping of active sites as well as the pre- cise location'4 of amino acids determined by Gm loci.Materials and Methods.-Themyeloma protein Eu has been typed Gm(a-, f+, b-).Eu Fc(t) fragment was prepared from the whole protein by mild trypsin digestion.Tryptic and chymotryptic peptides of Fc(t) were isolated by gel filtration and ion ex- change chromatography45 from digests of fully reduced and alkylated Fc(t) and its CNBr fragments,2' and Fc(t) in which the eamino groups of lysine residues had been substituted with dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid.Tryptic digestion of Fc(t) which has been reacted with 1,3 dinitro-2,4 benzene-disulfonic acid (DBDA), results in selective cleavage at arginines.We thank Dr.Howard M. Dintzis for this method.To modify the Fc(t), 250 mg of fully reduced and carboxymethylated Fc(t) was dissolved in 25 ml of 6 .Ml guanidine HCl, 0.1 M Tris-HCl, pH 9.3, 40 mg of DBDA was added, and the mixture
Graph-Based Multiplayer Detection and Tracking in Broadcast Soccer Videos (2008)

In this paper, we propose a graph-based approach for detecting and tracking multiple players in broadcast soccer videos. In the first stage, the position of the players in each frame is determined by removing the non player regions. The remaining pixels are then grouped using a region growing algorithm to identify probable player candidates. A directed weighted graph is constructed, where probable player candidates correspond to the nodes of the graph while each edge links candidates in a frame with the candidates in next two consecutive frames. Finally, dynamic programming is applied to find the trajectory of each player. Experiments with several sequences from broadcasted videos of international soccer matches indicate that the proposed approach is able to track the players reasonably well even under varied illumination and ground conditions.
Tiling Imperfectly-nested Loop Nests (2000)

Tiling is one of the more important transformations for enhancing loca lity of reference in programs. Intuitively, tiling a set of loops achieves the effect of interleaving iterations of these loops. Tiling of perfectly-nested loop nests (which are loop nests in which all assignment statements are contained in the innermost loop) is well understood. In practice, many loop nests are imperfectly nested, so existing compilers use heuristics to try to find a sequence of transformations that convert such loop nests into perfectly-nested ones, but these heuristics do not always succeed. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to tiling imperfectly-nested loop nests. The key idea is to embed the iteration space of every statement in the imperfectly-nested loop nest into a special space called the product space which is tiled to produce the final code. We evaluate the effectiveness of this approach for dense numrical linear algebra benchmarks, relaxation codes, and the tomcatv code from the SPEC benchmarks. No other single approach in the literature can tile all these codes automatically.
Dynamics of Respiratory Tract Colonization by Branhamella Catarrhalis in Bronchiectasis (1995)

Branhamella catarrhalis is increasingly recognized as a lower respiratory tract pathogen, particularly in chronic lung diseases. This project defines a population of patients in whom the dynamics of colonization and infection caused by this organism could be studied. A method employing pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of genomic DNA was developed. Twenty-eight patients with bronchiectasis followed prospectively for 26.8 mo (mean) were seen monthly or bimonthly and at the time of a purulent exacerbation. Quantitative bacterial cultures were performed on sputum obtained at each visit. Six of 28 had B. catarrhalis isolated repeatedly. Viable numbers of B. catarrhalis were similar to other bacterial pathogens. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of chromosomal DNA using PFGE was performed on 37 of the 47 isolates recovered. Each patient was colonized by two to four strains with different RFLP patterns. Duration of colonization by the same strain was 2.3 mo (mean). Strain acquisition did not correlate with exacerbation, antibiotic therapy, or season. We conclude that (1) a subset of bronchiectatic patients is colonized with B. catarrhalis, (2) RFLP is a sensitive tool to study strain acquisition, and (3) acquisition and clearance of B. catarrhalis from the respiratory tract is a dynamic process.
2-(Quinazolin-4-ylamino)-[1,4]benzoquinones as Covalent-Binding, Irreversible Inhibitors of the Kinase Domain of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 (2005)

A series of 2-(quinazolin-4-ylamino)-[1,4] benzoquinone derivatives that function as potent covalent-binding, irreversible inhibitors of the kinase domain of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) has been prepared by ceric ammonium nitrate oxidation of substituted (2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)(6,7-disubstituted-quinazolin-4-yl)amines and by displacement of the chlorine atom of substituted 2-chloro-5-(6,7-disubstituted-quinazolin-4-ylamino)-[1,4]benzoquinones with various amines, anilines, phenols, and alcohols. Enzyme studies were conducted in the absence and presence of glutathione and plasma. Several of the compounds inhibit VEGF-stimulated autophosphorylation in intact cells. Kinetic experiments were performed to study the reactivity of selected inhibitors toward glutathione. Reactivities correlated with LUMO energies calculated as averages of those of individual conformers weighted by the Boltzmann distribution. These results and molecular modeling were used to rationalize the biological observations. The compounds behave as non-ATP-competitive inhibitors. Unequivocal evidence, from mass spectral studies, indicates that these inhibitors form a covalent interaction with Cys-1045. One member of this series displays antitumor activity in an in vivo model.
Activation of Protein Kinase C Increases Adenosine Production in the Hypoxic Canine Coronary Artery Through the Extracellular Pathway (1995)

Both ischemia and hypoxia increase adenosine production in the heart. This study tested whether hypoxia increases adenosine production in the coronary artery via ecto-5'-nucleotidase and the role of protein kinase C in this condition. Canine left circumflex coronary artery was rapidly removed and incubated in 10 mL Krebs-Henseleit solution for 30 minutes. The Krebs-Henseleit solution contained 5'-iodotubercidin and 2'-deoxycoformycin, which inhibit adenosine kinase and adenosine deaminase, respectively. Adenosine production was measured in intact coronary arteries under normoxic conditions (16.2 +/- 1.2 pmol/mg protein). Adenosine production was reduced by 27% after removal of endothelium. Ecto-5'-nucleotidase activity of coronary arteries with and without endothelium was 51 +/- 6 and 41 +/- 4 nmol/mg protein per minute under normoxic conditions. Hypoxia increased adenosine production to 27.0 +/- 2.3 and 20.0 +/- 0.8 pmol/mg protein with and without endothelium. Hypoxia also increased ecto-5'-nucleotidase activity of coronary arteries with and without endothelium (74 +/- 8 and 53 +/- 5 nmol/mg protein per minute; P < .05). Increases in adenosine production under hypoxic conditions were blunted by both an inhibitor of ecto-5'-nucleotidase and inhibitors of protein kinase C. Activation of ecto-5'-nucleotidase was blunted by an inhibitor of protein kinase C. These results indicate that hypoxia increased extracellular adenosine production and activated ecto-5'-nucleotidase via activation of protein kinase C in coronary arterial smooth muscle and endothelial cells. Increased adenosine production in coronary arteries during hypoxia may contribute to coronary vasodilation and cardioprotection against ischemic injury.
A historical perspective on the discovery of statins (2010)

Cholesterol is essential for the functioning of all human organs, but it is nevertheless the cause of coronary heart disease. Over the course of nearly a century of investigation, scientists have developed several lines of evidence that establish the causal connection between blood cholesterol, atherosclerosis, and coronary heart disease. Building on that knowledge, scientists and the pharmaceutical industry have successfully developed a remarkably effective class of drugs--the statins--that lower cholesterol levels in blood and reduce the frequency of heart attacks.
Comportamiento No-Lineal de Estructuras de Acero (2016)

Es comun que durante un evento sismico intenso los componentes estructurales sufran danos tras experimentar un comportamiento inelastico, resultado principalmente de los desplazamientos laterales inducidos por el movimiento del suelo. El presente estudio surgio a partir de la incertidumbre en el comportamiento de edificios modelados tridimensionalmente como parte de la evaluacion sismica de estructuras, siendo el objetivo primario mejorar la comprension del comportamiento no-lineal de estructuras de acero en modelos 3D de edificaciones y su comparacion con la respuesta 2D. La elaboracion del presente trabajo contempla realizar el modelado a ejes de edificios (3, 9 y 20 niveles) con el programa para analisis dinamico no lineal RUAUMOKO (Carr 2009) en sus versiones 2D y 3D ademas de un analisis Estatico Lineal incremental (Pushover). Los resultados obtenidos en la siguiente investigacion indican que la respuesta no-lineal de edificaciones modeladas en 2D y 3D es distinta aun cuando se trate del mismo edificio, asi mismo la reserva de resistencia lateral brindada por los marcos interiores brinda un factor de seguridad cuando estas fueron disenadas conforme un modelo bidimensional.
UV/Ozone-Oxidized Large-Scale Graphene Platform with Large Chemical Enhancement in Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (2011)

We fabricated a highly oxidized large-scale graphene platform using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and UV/ozone-based oxidation methods. This platform offers a large-scale surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate with large chemical enhancement in SERS and reproducible SERS signals over a centimeter-scale graphene surface. After UV-induced ozone generation, ozone molecules were reacted with graphene to produce oxygen-containing groups on graphene and induced the p-type doping of the graphene. These modifications introduced the structural disorder and defects on the graphene surface and resulted in a large chemical mechanism-based signal enhancement from Raman dye molecules [rhodamine B (RhB), rhodamine 6G (R6G), and crystal violet (CV) in this case] on graphene. Importantly, the enhancement factors were increased from ∼10(3) before ozone treatment to ∼10(4), which is the largest chemical enhancement factor ever on graphene, after 5 min ozone treatment due to both high oxidation and p-doping effects on graphene surface. Over a centimeter-scale area of this UV/ozone-oxidized graphene substrate, strong SERS signals were repeatedly and reproducibly detected. In a UV/ozone-based micropattern, UV/ozone-treated areas were highly Raman-active while nontreated areas displayed very weak Raman signals.
Volume conductor effects involved in the genesis of the P wave (2005)

The inhomogeneities of lungs and atrial blood cavities need to be incorporated in volume conductor models linking atrial electric activity to body surface potentials.
Preservation of Duplicate Genes by Complementary, Degenerative Mutations (1999)

The origin of organismal complexity is generally thought to be tightly coupled to the evolution of new gene functions arising subsequent to gene duplication. Under the classical model for the evolution of duplicate genes, one member of the duplicated pair usually degenerates within a few million years by accumulating deleterious mutations, while the other duplicate retains the original function. This model further predicts that on rare occasions, one duplicate may acquire a new adaptive function, resulting in the preservation of both members of the pair, one with the new function and the other retaining the old. However, empirical data suggest that a much greater proportion of gene duplicates is preserved than predicted by the classical model. Here we present a new conceptual framework for understanding the evolution of duplicate genes that may help explain this conundrum. Focusing on the regulatory complexity of eukaryotic genes, we show how complementary degenerative mutations in different regulatory elements of duplicated genes can facilitate the preservation of both duplicates, thereby increasing long-term opportunities for the evolution of new gene functions. The duplication-degeneration-complementation (DDC) model predicts that (1) degenerative mutations in regulatory elements can increase rather than reduce the probability of duplicate gene preservation and (2) the usual mechanism of duplicate gene preservation is the partitioning of ancestral functions rather than the evolution of new functions. We present several examples (including analysis of a new engrailed gene in zebrafish) that appear to be consistent with the DDC model, and we suggest several analytical and experimental approaches for determining whether the complementary loss of gene subfunctions or the acquisition of novel functions are likely to be the primary mechanisms for the preservation of gene duplicates. For a newly duplicated paralog, survival depends on the outcome of the race between entropic decay and chance acquisition of an advantageous regulatory mutation. Sidow 1996(p. 717) On one hand, it may fix an advantageous allele giving it a slightly different, and selectable, function from its original copy. This initial fixation provides substantial protection against future fixation of null mutations, allowing additional mutations to accumulate that refine functional differentiation. Alternatively, a duplicate locus can instead first fix a null allele, becoming a pseudogene. Walsh 1995 (p. 426) Duplicated genes persist only if mutations create new and essential protein functions, an event that is predicted to occur rarely. Nadeau and Sankoff 1997 (p. 1259) Thus overall, with complex metazoans, the major mechanism for retention of ancient gene duplicates would appear to have been the acquisition of novel expression sites for developmental genes, with its accompanying opportunity for new gene roles underlying the progressive extension of development itself. Cooke et al. 1997 (p. 362)
Space Displacement Localization Neural Networks to locate origin points of handwritten text lines in historical documents (2015)

We describe a new method for detecting and localizing multiple objects in an image using context aware deep neural networks. Common architectures either proceed locally per pixel-wise sliding-windows, or globally by predicting object localizations for a full image. We improve on this by training a semi-local model to detect and localize objects inside a large image region, which covers an object or a part of it. Context knowledge is integrated, combining multiple predictions for different regions through a spatial context layer modeled as an LSTM network.
Atypical Antipsychotics for Treatment of Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (2008)

The number of prescriptions for antipsychotic treatment of teenagers has increased sharply in office-based medical practice. Adolescents with psychotic symptoms frequently present for clinical evaluation, and early-onset schizophrenia spectrum disorders (onset of psychotic symptoms before the age of 18 years) represent an important consideration in the differential diagnosis in these youths
A Novel Approach to Video Copy Detection Using Audio Fingerprints and PCA (2011)

In Content-Based Copy detection(CBCD)literature, numerous state-of-the-art techniques are primarily focusing on visual content of video. Exploiting audio fingerprints for CBCD problem is necessary, because of following reasons: audio content constitutes an indispensable information source;transformations on audio content is limited compared to visual content. In this paper, a novel CBCD approach using audio features and PCA is proposed, which includes two stages:first, multiple feature vectors are computed by utilizing MFCC and four spectral descriptors;second, features are further processed using PCA, to provide compact feature description. The results of experiments tested on TRECVID-2007 dataset, demonstrate the e_ciency of proposed method against various transformations.