gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Perspectivas que cuestionan la psicología clínica (2008)

Si entendemos el prefijo pos como aquello que sigue, que continua; y la modernidad en relacion a la transformacion; se supone la necesidad de contextualizar el presente tanto en el pasado como en el posible futuro. En su conjunto, lo posmoderno remite al movimiento en el tiempo. Este aspecto, no hace alusion a una lozana epoca, sino, a un nuevo modo de conocer, a un cambio en la forma de contemplar la era existencial.
Interaction of Cationic Proteins and Polypeptides with Biocompatible Cationically-Anchored PEG Brushes (2011)

Polyetheylene glycol (PEG) brushes, for instance, physically tethered to a surface via the adsorbing portion of a PEG-containing copolymer, are a popular protein-resistant surface treatment. Though physisorbed brushes might be displaced by competing species, they continue to dominate diagnostic chips and other applications. In this work, we examine the interactions of two cationic species, poly l-lysine (PLL) and lysozyme, with a popular type of PEG brush, formed by the adsorption of a graft copolymer of PLL–PEG on negative silica. Here, 20K molecular weight (MW) PLL comprises the main backbone that adsorbs to the silica and the PEG side chains (2K or 5K, in different samples) form tethers. This work examines variations in brush heights and densities, still confining the study to brush architectures (near 30% functionalization of the PLL by PEG side chains) that completely prevent the adsorption of blood proteins such as fibrinogen and albumin. It is found that lysozyme adsorbs to interfaces passivated with these PLL–PEG copolymers in amounts that increase with the amount of PEG in the brush. This suggests attractions between the PEG tethers and lysozyme itself. When PLL–PEG brushes are challenged by homopolymer PLL (a random coil at the physiological pH studied here), the PLL–PEG is almost completely displaced from the silica substrate. The rapid displacement kinetics (with complete loss of protein repellence) for all brush architectures suggest the absence of a steric barrier against PLL penetration of the PEG brush. A small overshoot in surface coverage prior to the displacement of the PLL–PEG chains demonstrates the adsorption of PLL on regions of silica at the base of the brush prior to chain displacement, further arguing for the accessibility of the substrate despite the presence of the brush. Differences between the interactions of lysozyme or PLL with the brush suggest an important role of the globular nature of folded proteins compared with random coil polypeptides in protein–brush interactions and brush penetration. The results emphasize the technological challenge of retaining seemingly robust brushes adsorbed to interfaces, and eliminating protein adhesion from the brush itself.
Tissue factor-initiated thrombin generation activates the signaling thrombin receptor on malignant melanoma cells. (1995)

The human melanoma cell line M24met expresses tissue factor, the cellular initiator of the blood coagulation cascade. Blocking of the coagulation pathways at the level of tissue factor, factor Xa, or thrombin inhibits hematogenous M24met metastasis in SCID mice, implicating a role for thrombin generation in this process. Dependent on cell surface tissue factor activity, M24met cells generate thrombin in vitro. Thrombin and the thrombin receptor agonist peptide TRP-14 activate a signaling pathway in M24met cells that involves an increase in intracellular calcium and induces cell proliferation. Immunofluorescence evidences expression of the signaling thrombin receptor on these cells. Thus, M24met melanoma cells express both the initiating cell surface receptor for the coagulation pathways and the central signaling receptor of the coagulation system, suggesting the in situ generation of proliferative signals which can contribute to the malignant phenotype.
Nox2 Modification of LDL Is Essential for Optimal Apolipoprotein B-mediated Control of agr Type III Staphylococcus aureus Quorum-sensing (2013)

Staphylococcus aureus contains an autoinducing quorum-sensing system encoded within the agr operon that coordinates expression of virulence genes required for invasive infection. Allelic variation within agr has generated four agr specific groups, agr I-IV, each of which secretes a distinct autoinducing peptide pheromone (AIP1-4) that drives agr signaling. Because agr signaling mediates a phenotypic change in this pathogen from an adherent colonizing phenotype to one associated with considerable tissue injury and invasiveness, we postulated that a significant contribution to host defense against tissue damaging and invasive infections could be provided by innate immune mechanisms that antagonize agr signaling. We determined whether two host defense factors that inhibit AIP1-induced agrI signaling, Nox2 and apolipoprotein B (apoB), also contribute to innate control of AIP3-induced agrIII signaling. We hypothesized that apoB and Nox2 would function differently against AIP3, which differs from AIP1 in amino acid sequence and length. Here we show that unlike AIP1, AIP3 is resistant to direct oxidant inactivation by Nox2 characteristic ROS. Rather, the contribution of Nox2 to defense against agrIII signaling is through oxidation of LDL. ApoB in the context of oxLDL, and not LDL, provides optimal host defense against S. aureus agrIII infection by binding the secreted signaling peptide, AIP3, and preventing expression of the agr-driven virulence factors which mediate invasive infection. ApoB within the context of oxLDL also binds AIP 1-4 and oxLDL antagonizes agr signaling by all four agr alleles. Our results suggest that Nox2-mediated oxidation of LDL facilitates a conformational change in apoB to one sufficient for binding and sequestration of all four AIPs, demonstrating the interdependence of apoB and Nox2 in host defense against agr signaling. These data reveal a novel role for oxLDL in host defense against S. aureus quorum-sensing signaling.
Identification of a Glycoprotein Produced by Enterotoxigenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1999)

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strain H10407 is capable of invading epithelial cell lines derived from the human ileocecum and colon in vitro. Two separate chromosomally encoded invasion loci (tia and tib) have been cloned from this strain. These loci direct nonadherent and noninvasive laboratory strains of E. coli to adhere to and invade cultured human intestinal epithelial cells. The tib locus directs the synthesis of TibA, a 104-kDa outer membrane protein that is directly correlated with the adherence and invasion phenotypes. TibA is synthesized as a 100-kDa precursor (preTibA) that must be modified for biological activity. Outer membranes of recombinant E. coli expressing TibA or preTibA were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and blotted to nitrocellulose. The presence of glycoproteins was detected by oxidization of carbohydrates with periodate and labeling with hydrazide-conjugated digoxigenin. Only TibA could be detected as a glycoprotein. Complementation experiments with tib deletion mutants of ETEC strain H10407 demonstrate that the TibA glycoprotein is expressed in H10407, that the entire tib locus is required for TibA synthesis, and that TibA is the only glycoprotein produced by H10407. Protease treatment of intact H10407 cells removes the carbohydrates on TibA, suggesting that they are surface exposed. TibA shows homology with AIDA-I from diffuse-adhering E. coli and with pertactin precursor from Bordetella pertussis. Both pertactin and AIDA-I are members of the autotransporter family of outer membrane proteins and are afimbrial adhesins that play an important role in the virulence of these organisms. Analysis of the predicted TibA amino acid sequence indicates that TibA is also an autotransporter. Analysis of the tib locus DNA sequence revealed an open reading frame with similarity to RfaQ, a glycosyltransferase. The product of this tib locus open reading frame is proposed to be responsible for TibA modification. These results suggest that TibA glycoprotein acts as an adhesin that may participate in the disease process.
Prenatal Diagnosis of Intrauterine Infection with Parvovirus B19 by the Polymerase Chain Reaction Technique (1992)

Human parvovirus B19 is a recently recognized cause of fetal hydrops and death. Efforts to characterize the natural history of fetal infection with this virus have been hampered by the lack of sensitive and specific tests for diagnosis in utero. Using the highly sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, we determined the fetal infection status in 56 pregnancies by testing amniotic fluid, fetal serum, and maternal serum for B19 DNA and antibodies. Factors associated with a high risk of B19 infection were fetal disease, exposure to persons with erythema infectiosum, or signs or symptoms of acute B19 infection. Fifteen women (27%) were B19 IgM-positive, a status suggesting recent infection; the positivity of all of the corresponding fetal specimens for B19 DNA in the PCR was indicative of fetal infection. In four of these cases, serial ultrasonographic examinations documented spontaneous resolution of fetal hydrops. Twenty-four women (43%) were IgG-positive and IgM-negative; this pattern suggested prior infection. The PCR gave positive results, consistent with recent maternal infection, in four of these cases. Seventeen women (30%) were IgG-negative and IgM-negative, a pattern suggesting no prior infection; the PCR results in four cases were indicative of a possible early maternal infection or a possible atypical immune response. The PCR is a sensitive and rapid method for the diagnosis of intrauterine infection with human parvovirus B19 and promises to facilitate studies of the natural history and treatment of this infection.
Lysosomal killing of <i>Mycobacterium</i> mediated by ubiquitin-derived peptides is enhanced by autophagy (2007)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis parasitizes resting macrophages yet is killed by activated macrophages through both oxidative and nonoxidative mechanisms. Nonoxidative mechanisms are linked to the maturation of the bacteria-containing phagosome into an acidified, hydrolytically active compartment. We describe here a mechanism for killing Mycobacteria in the lysosomal compartment through the activity of peptides generated by the hydrolysis of ubiquitin. The induction of autophagy in infected macrophages enhanced the delivery of ubiquitin conjugates to the lysosome and increased the bactericidal capacity of the lysosomal soluble fraction. The accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins in the autophagolysosome provides one possible mechanism behind the antimicrobial activities observed for a range of pathogens in autophagous host cells.
Peptide synthesis. Part 13. Feedback control in solid phase synthesis. Use of fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl amino acid 3,4-dihydro-4-oxo-1,2,3-benzotriazin-3-yl esters in a fully automated system (1988)

A spectrometric technique is described for monitoring the course of acylation reactions by the title esters in solid phase peptide synthesis. The procedure has allowed construction of a fully automated peptide synthesizing system in which acylation and deprotection steps may be checked automatically for completion before proceeding to the next amino acid residue.
Cardiopulmonary toxicity of treatment with high dose interleukin-2 in 199 consecutive patients with metastatic melanoma or renal cell carcinoma (1994)

Although high dose intravenous rIL-2 therapy can be associated with cardiopulmonary toxicity, toxic side effects generally are not severe and are rapidly reversible.
Quantified Power Doppler US of Tumor Blood Flow Correlates with Microscopic Quantification of Tumor Blood Vessels (2001)

Quantified power Doppler US is a noninvasive method for the evaluation of tumor vascularity and blood flow.
Correlation of Molecular Characteristics, Isotype, and In Vitro Functional Activity of Human Antipneumococcal Monoclonal Antibodies (2006)

Structure-function correlations of pneumococcal antibodies are important in predicting how changes in the pneumococcus (Pnc)-specific B-cell repertoire will influence humoral immunity against invasive Pnc disease. Using a unique panel of human hybridomas derived from memory B cells after pneumococcal conjugate vaccination, we analyzed the structure-function relationship of nine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) reactive to Pnc polysaccharides. The avidities of the antibodies correlated with the avidity of donor immune serum (R, 0.7; P < 0.025), and this relationship was particularly strong for immunoglobulin A clones (R, 1; P < 0.0005), suggesting that the MAbs may represent important clones contributing to serological memory. Common heavy-light chain combinations and amino acid replacement mutations were seen for clones with the same serospecificity from different individuals. The two highest-avidity MAbs used Vh3-48, and two MAbs with the same serospecificity, using the same V gene pairings (Vh3-7 and Vk2A17), had similar avidities, suggesting that canonical V gene use makes an important contribution to avidity. Although all clones had mutation levels consistent with their being derived from memory B cells, low levels of replacement mutation were associated with high avidities. This relationship was strongest for Vh genes (R, 0.8; P < 0.01). Opsonophagocytosis was demonstrated for all clones, and there was a trend toward clones using canonical genes with low levels of mutation having high opsonophagocytic activities (R, 0.5). These data suggest that the use of canonical genes in the Pnc antibody response is associated with highly functional antibodies and that most somatic mutations seen in these genes are not antigen selected.
Structural basis for glycyl radical formation by pyruvate formate-lyase activating enzyme (2008)

Pyruvate formate-lyase activating enzyme generates a stable and catalytically essential glycyl radical on G(734) of pyruvate formate-lyase via the direct, stereospecific abstraction of a hydrogen atom from pyruvate formate-lyase. The activase performs this remarkable feat by using an iron-sulfur cluster and S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet), thus placing it among the AdoMet radical superfamily of enzymes. We report here structures of the substrate-free and substrate-bound forms of pyruvate formate-lyase-activating enzyme, the first structures of an AdoMet radical activase. To obtain the substrate-bound structure, we have used a peptide substrate, the 7-mer RVSGYAV, which contains the sequence surrounding G(734). Our structures provide fundamental insights into the interactions between the activase and the G(734) loop of pyruvate formate-lyase and provide a structural basis for direct and stereospecific H atom abstraction from the buried G(734) of pyruvate formate-lyase.
Nitric Oxide and Peroxynitrite in Postischemic Myocardium (2001)

Alterations in the production of nitric oxide (NO.) are a critical factor in the injury that occurs in ischemic and reperfused myocardium; however, controversy remains regarding the alterations in NO. that occur and how these alterations cause tissue injury. As superoxide generation occurs during the early period of reperfusion, the cytotoxic oxidant peroxynitrite (ONOO-) could be formed; however, questions remain regarding ONOO- formation and its role in postischemic injury. Electron paramagnetic resonance spin trapping studies, using the NO. trap Fe(2+)-N-methyl-D-glucamine dithiocarbamate (Fe-MGD), and chemiluminescence studies, using the enhancer luminol, have been performed to measure the magnitude and time course of NO. and ONOO- formation in the normal and postischemic heart. Isolated rat hearts were subjected to control perfusion, or ischemia followed by reperfusion in the presence of Fe-MGD with electron paramagnetic resonance measurements performed on the effluent from these hearts. Whereas only trace signals were present prior to ischemia, prominent NO. adduct signals were seen during the first 2 min of reflow. The reperfusion associated increase in these NO. signals was abolished by nitric oxide synthase inhibition. In hearts perfused with luminol to detect ONOO- formation, a similar marked increase was seen during the first 2 min of reperfusion that was blocked by nitric oxide synthase inhibitors and by superoxide dismutase. Either NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester or superoxide dismutase treatment resulted in more than twofold higher recovery of contractile function than in untreated hearts. Immunohistology studies demonstrated that the ONOO(-)-mediated nitration product nitrotyrosine was formed in postischemic hearts, but not in normally perfused controls. Thus, NO. formation is increased during the early period of reperfusion and reacts with superoxide to form ONOO-, which results in protein nitration and myocardial injury.
Multi-parameter autonomic-based pain assessment: More is more? (2012)

Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA, United States MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, 149 Thirteenth Street, Room 2301, Charlestown, MA, United States Tel.: +1 617 643 7267; fax: +1 617 643 7340 MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, MA, United States E-mail address:[email protected]
Valine Pathway Is More Crucial than Phenyl Propanoid Pathway in Regulating Capsaicin Biosynthesis in <i>Capsicum frutescens</i> Mill. (2006)

Capsaicin, a pungency factor alkaloid of Capsicum fruits, is biosynthesized by enzymatic condensation of vanillylamine, a phenyl propanoid intermediate, and 8-methyl-nonenoic acid, a fatty acid derivative from the leucine/valine pathway by capsaicin synthase. Biotic elicitors, such as aqueous mycelial extracts of Rhizopus oligosporus and Aspergillus niger, and abiotic elicitors, such as salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate, were incorporated to cell-suspension cultures of Capsicum frutescens. The maximum elicitation of capsaicinoids to the extent of 6-folds was noticed when mycelial extracts of R. oligosporus were incorporated to cell-suspension cultures. The phenyl propanoid intermediates were elicited to the extent of 3-4-fold, whereas the levels of 8-methyl-nonanoic acid increased 6-fold in R. oligosporus mycelial-extract-treated cultures. The enzymatic assays of caffeic acid O-methyl transferases, keto acyl synthase, and capsaicin synthase were performed in elicited and nonelicited cell-suspension cultures. These enzymes were overexpressed in R. oligosporus mycelial-extract-treated suspension cultures, which was also confirmed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction studies. This is the first paper on the overexpression of 8-methyl-nonanoic acid leading to capsaicin biosynthesis using elicitors.
A networked multimedia retrieval management system for distributed kiosk applications (1994)

Over the last years we have observed two trends in information technology applications: (1) Kiosk systems have become very popular in their roles as point of information and point of sale systems. (2) Multimedia products have become mature enough to allow for user-friendly user interfaces and for digital storage and retrieval in networked environments. Hence, multimedia kiosk applications range from single-user stand-alone, CD-based systems to multi-user networked approaches that provide cost-effective solutions in larger set-ups and allow in-time content provision to a huge set of users. This paper discusses the notion of kiosk systems, classifies different types of kiosks, and describes a general-purpose architecture for distributed multimedia kiosk systems using similar building blocks as other already available distributed multimedia applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
From implicit skills to explicit knowledge: a bottom‐up model of skill learning (2001)

Abstract This paper presents a skill learning model CLARION. Different from existing models of mostly high‐level skill learning that use a top‐down approach (that is, turning declarative knowledge into procedural knowledge through practice), we adopt a bottom‐up approach toward low‐level skill learning, where procedural knowledge develops first and declarative knowledge develops later. Our model is formed by integrating connectionist, reinforcement, and symbolic learning methods to perform on‐line reactive learning. It adopts a two‐level dual‐representation framework (Sun, 1995), with a combination of localist and distributed representation. We compare the model with human data in a minefield navigation task, demonstrating some match between the model and human data in several respects.
Determination of reactive nitrogen mustard anticancer drugs in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography using derivatization (1991)

A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method is described for the determination of reactive nitrogen mustard anticancer drugs in plasma after derivatization with diethyl-dithiocarbamic acid (DDTC). Three compounds were studied: two reactive species (mechlorethamine (HN2) and galactose 6-mustard (G-6-M] and a less reactive species (melphalan (L-PAM] included for validation experiments. Mass and NMR spectrometry confirmed that one molecule of DDTC reacts with each arm of the mustard, displacing a chlorine atom to form a stable disubstituted adduct. With the reactive mustards a 30-min incubation at 37 degrees C is recommended for greater than 90% derivatization efficiency. Gradient elution was employed to analyze all three compounds using the same conditions with a microBondapak C18 10-microns particle size column (30 cm by 3.8 mm i.d.). The retention time (tR) of HN2-DDTC2 was 13.1 min +/- 1.5% within day CV; tR of L-PAM was 7.6 min and L-PAM-DDTC2 was 14.6 min +/- 0.8% CV. G-6-M-DDTC2 yielded a double peak, tR = 10.7 min and 10.9 min +/- 2.9% CV. The limit of detection on column was 0.5 ng for HN2, 1 ng for L-PAM, and 5 ng for G-6-M. A solid-phase sample preparation technique using "Bond Elut" phenyl is described that extracts from plasma G-6-M-DDTC2 with greater than 74% efficiency and HN2-DDTC2 with greater than 90% efficiency. When the drugs were derivatized in plasma, recovery remained high for G-6-M (greater than 84%) but dropped to 50% for HN2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Robust Remote Calibration of Fiber Polarimeters (2011)

We show that a fiber polarimeter can be calibrated in place at a distance of 30km even when the intervening fiber varies in temperature. The calibration accuracy converges after at most 20 random stokes polarizations.
Microneurography and sympathetic nerve activity: a decade-by-decade journey across 50 years (2019)

The technique of microneurography has advanced the field of neuroscience for the past 50 years. While there have been a number of reviews on microneurography, this paper takes an objective approach to exploring the impact of microneurography studies. Briefly, Web of Science (Thomson Reuters) was used to identify the highest citation articles over the past 50 years, and key findings are presented in a decade-by-decade highlight. This includes the establishment of microneurography in the 1960s, the acceleration of the technique by Gunnar Wallin in the 1970s, the international collaborations of the 1980s and 1990s, and finally the highest impact studies from 2000 to present. This journey through 50 years of microneurographic research related to peripheral sympathetic nerve activity includes a historical context for several of the laboratory interventions commonly used today (e.g., cold pressor test, mental stress, lower body negative pressure, isometric handgrip, etc.) and how these interventions and experimental approaches have advanced our knowledge of cardiovascular, cardiometabolic, and other human diseases and conditions.