gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Temperature-dependent nonradiative recombination processes in GaN-based nanowire white-light-emitting diodes on silicon (2012)

In this paper, we have performed a detailed investigation of the temperature- and current-dependent emission characteristics of nanowire light-emitting diodes, wherein InGaN/GaN dot-in-a-wire nanoscale heterostructures and a p-doped AlGaN electron blocking layer are incorporated in the device's active region to achieve white-light emission and to prevent electron overflow, respectively. Through these studies, the Auger coefficient is estimated to be in the range of ∼10(-34) cm(6) s(-1) or less, which is nearly four orders of magnitude smaller than the commonly reported values of planar InGaN/GaN heterostructures, suggesting Auger recombination plays an essentially negligible role in the performance of GaN-based nanowire light-emitting diodes. It is observed, however, that the performance of such nanowire LEDs suffers severely from Shockley-Read-Hall recombination, which can account for nearly 40% of the total carrier recombination under moderate injection conditions (∼100 A cm(-2)) at room temperature. The Shockley-Read-Hall nonradiative lifetime is estimated to be in the range of a few nanoseconds at room temperature, which correlates well with the surface recombination velocity of GaN and the wire diameters used in this experiment.
Functionalized Siloxane-Linked Polymers for Second-Order Nonlinear Optics (1998)

A variety of polymers containing NLO-active chromophores covalently bound in the siloxane-linked backbones, [−R2Si(OSiR2)nO(NLO-chromophore)O−]n (R = CH3 or CH3/C6H4) and [−R2Si(OSiR2)nOR‘O(NLO-chromophore)O−]n (R‘ = C6H4, C6H4C6H4), has been prepared. Their solubility in common organic solvents and high thermal stability impart ease of thin film preparation and poling at high temperatures. These polymers exhibit good second-harmonic generation susceptibilities, and the temporal stabilities of the SHG signals are dependent on the polymer backbone and the molecular structures of the NLO chromophores. A detailed analysis of their physical properties is reported.
Theory for the aggregation of proteins and copolymers (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTheory for the aggregation of proteins and copolymersGregg B. Fields, Darwin O. V. Alonso, Dirk Stigter, and Ken A. DillCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1992, 96, 10, 3974–3981Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100189a013https://doi.org/10.1021/j100189a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views532Altmetric-Citations79LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Time-Dependence of Boundary Tensions of Solutions I. The Role of Diffusion in Time-Effects (1946)

The variation of surface tension of solutions with time has in some cases, where the change is over within a few seconds or less, been explained on the basis of diffusion. This paper attempts a rigorous mathematical analysis of the role that diffusion might play in such time-effects. The limitations of diffusion theories which have been proposed previously are discussed. A general theory of diffusion to the surface is derived, which allows for back-diffusion and which makes no special assumptions of a physical nature. It is possible to use Fick's equation to calculate the total amount of solute which diffuses from a semi-infinite bulk solution into the surface if the concentration immediately under the surface is known at various times throughout the process. It is shown how the latter information may be deduced from the variation of surface tension with time together with final equilibrium values of surface tension. The methods of this theory are applied to analyze recent data on time-effects of short duration. It is concluded that even in cases where the variation of the surface tension is over in less than a second the rate-determining process is not diffusion. Even for these very rapid changes one is therefore led to assume the existence of an activation barrier which determines the rate of adsorption.
<i>In vivo</i> versus <i>in vitro</i> degradation of controlled release polymers for intracranial surgical therapy (1994)

Intracranial studies to analyze the degradation kinetics of the bioerodible polymer poly[bis(p-carboxyphenoxy)propane-sebacic acid] [p(CPP-SA) 20:80] copolymer wafers were conducted in a rat model. Rats were separated into four groups: those receiving 1) polymer, 2) polymer loaded with the chemotherapeutic agent BCNU, 3) drug-loaded polymer with previous tumor implantation, and 4) polymer and an absorbable hemostatic material. A polymer wafer was surgically implanted into the brain of each animal. Residual polymer was harvested at varying times for chromatographic analysis. In vitro effects of pH, mixing, and water availability on degradation were also studied. The results of in vitro and in vivo studies were compared to understand the behavior of polymers in a clinical setting. We found that degradation of p(CPP-SA) initially occurred more slowly in vivo than in vitro. The presence of BCNU, tumor, and absorbable hemostatic material did not affect the ultimate time of polymer degradation in vivo, and the intrinsic polymer degradation time of 1 mm thick p(CPP-SA) 20:80 disks in vivo was 6-8 weeks.
Mechanistic Insights Into Very Slow Conduction in Branching Cardiac Tissue (2001)

It is known that branching strands of cardiac tissue can form a substrate for very slow conduction. The branches slow conduction by acting as current loads drawing depolarizing current from the main strand ("pull" effect). It has been suggested that, upon depolarization of the branches, they become current sources reinjecting current back into the strand, thus enhancing propagation safety ("push" effect). It was the aim of this study to verify this hypothesis and to assess the contribution of the push effect to propagation velocity and safety. Conduction was investigated in strands of Luo-Rudy dynamic model cells that branch from either a single branch point or from multiple successive branch points. In single-branching strands, blocking the push effect by not allowing current to flow retrogradely from the branches into the strand did not significantly increase the branching-induced local propagation delay. However, in multiple branching strands, blocking the push effect resulted in a significant slowing of overall conduction velocity or even in conduction failure. Furthermore, for certain slow velocities, the safety factor for propagation was higher when slow conduction was caused by branching tissue geometry than by reduced excitability without branching. Therefore, these results confirm the proposed "pull and push" mechanism of slow, but nevertheless robust, conduction in branching structures. Slow conduction based on this mechanism could occur in the atrioventricular node, where multiple branching is structurally present. It could also support reentrant excitation in diseased myocardium where the substrate is structurally complex.
Overexpression of G protein-coupled receptors in cancer cells: Involvement in tumor progression (2005)

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play important roles in a variety of biological and pathological processes. They are considered among the most desirable targets for drug development. Recent studies have demonstrated that many GPCRs, such as endothelin receptors, chemokine receptors and lysophosphatidic acid receptors have been implicated in the tumorigenesis and metastasis of multiple human cancers. In this study, we conducted an in silico analysis of GPCR gene expression in primary human tumors by analyzing some publicly available gene expression profiling data. Statistical analysis was performed on eight microarray data sets of non-small cell lung cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, melanoma, gastric cancer and diffused large B cell lymphoma to identify GPCRs that are up-regulated in primary or metastatic cancer cells. Our analysis has demonstrated overexpression of several GPCRs in primary tumor cells, including chemokine receptors and protease-activated receptors that were shown to be important for tumorigenesis by previous studies. In addition, we have uncovered several GPCRs, such as neuropeptide receptors, adenosine A2B receptor, P2Y purinoceptor, calcium-sensing receptor and metabotropic glutamate receptors, that are expressed at a significantly higher level in some cancer tissue and may play a role in cancer progression. Analysis of cancer samples in different disease stages also suggests that some GPCRs, such as endothelin receptor A, may be involved in early tumor progression and others, such as CXCR4, may play a critical role in tumor invasion and metastasis. The present study demonstrates the value of publicly available microarray data as a resource to gain more understanding of cancer biology, to validate previous findings from in vitro experiments, and to identify potential novel anticancer targets and biomarkers.
A New Cationic Liposome DNA Complex Enhances the Efficiency of Arterial Gene Transfer <i>In Vivo</i> (1996)

An important goal of gene therapy for cardiovascular diseases and cancer is the development of effective vectors for catheter-based gene delivery. Although adenoviral vectors have proven effective for this purpose in animal models, the ability to achieve comparable gene transfer with nonviral vectors would provide potentially desirable safety and toxicity features for clinical studies. In this report, we describe the use of a new cationic DNA-liposome complex using an improved expression vector and lipid, N-(3-aminopropyl)-N, N-dimethyl-2,3-bis(dodecyloxy)-1-propaniminium bromide/dioleyl phosphatidylethanolamine (GAP-DL-RIE/DOPE) to optimize catheter-mediated gene transfer in porcine arteries. The efficiency of this vector was compared to DNA alone, DNA with a previously described cationic liposome complex, (+/-)-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N, N-dimethyl-2,3-bis(tetradecyloxy)-1-propanaminium bromide (DMRIE/DOPE), and a replication-defective adenoviral vector in a porcine artery gene transfer model. When used in optimal ratios, GAP-DL-RIE/DOPE liposomes provided a 15-fold higher level of gene expression in arteries compared to DNA alone or DMRIE/DOPE. Gene expression was observed in intimal and medial cells. However, when compared to adenoviral vectors (10(10) pfu/ml), gene expression following GAP-DLRIE/DOPE transfection was approximately 20-fold lower. Following intravenous injection of GAP-DLRIE/DOPE in mice, biochemical, hematological, and histopathological abnormalities were not observed. Significant improvements in the efficacy of arterial gene expression can be achieved by optimization of transfection condition with DNA-liposome complexes in vivo that may prove useful for arterial gene delivery in cardiovascular diseases and cancer.
Scheduling for distributed sensor networks with single sensor measurement per time step (2004)

We examine the problem of distributed estimation when only one sensor can take a measurement per time step. We solve for the optimal recursive estimation algorithm when the sensor switching schedule is given. We then consider the effect of noise in communication channels. We also investigate the problem of determining an optimal sensor switching strategy. We see that this problem involves searching a tree in general and propose two strategies for pruning the tree to minimize the computation. The first is a sliding window strategy motivated by the Viterbi algorithm, and the second one uses thresholding. The performance of the algorithms is illustrated using numerical examples.
[Clinical significance of 99mTc-tetrofosmin SPECT in the diagnosis of lung neoplasms and mediastinal lymph node involvement]. (2007)

99m Tc-TF SPECT is a useful non-invasive presurgical tool to evaluate primary lung cancers and mediastinal lymph node involvement, and it will play a favorable clinical role in diagnosis and staging of lung cancer.
The Serum Zinc Level in Patients with Tinnitus and the Effect of Zinc Treatment. (1997)

We measured the serum zinc level in patients with tinnitus and evaluated the effectiveness of zinc in the treatment of tinnitus. Blood zinc levels were measured in 121 patients with tinnitus. All patients were examined between 1995 and 1997 at the outpatient clinic of otorhinolaryngology St. Marianna University Toyoko Hospital. Forty-seven patients who had received any drug such as a calcium channel blocker and others or had been affected by any diseases were excluded and therefore 74 patients consisting of 46 females (62%) and 28 males (38%) were investigated. Twenty two healthy volunteers served as a control group. The mean age and standard deviations for the tinnitus group and the control group were 47.8 +/- 17.1 and 31.4 +/- 8.2 years, respectively. There was a significant decrease (p < 0.0001) in serum zinc levels in patients with tinnitus compared with the control group. Because there was a significant difference (p < 0.0001) in age distribution between tinnitus and control groups, patients were selected by their age in order to neglect the effect of aging. In this situation, a significant difference (p < 0.01) was noted between the tinnitus group and control group. Low blood zinc level was defined by using the mean and standard deviation for the control group (mean-1 S.D.). We treated patients with low blood zinc levels. A total dose of 34-68 mg of Zn++ was administered daily for over 2 weeks. The degree of tinnitus was expressed on a numeric scale from 0 to 10 before and after treatment. Blood zinc levels were significantly elevated (p < 0.05) after treatment. We found a significant decrease (p < 0.01) in the numeric scale. These findings suggest that zinc is useful in at least some patients suffering from tinnitus. It is possible to classify patients with tinnitus by measuring serum zinc level and this leads to improvement of the overall treatment effect.
A low-loss full-bridge PWM DC-DC converter topology (2002)

A conventional snubber configuration suitable for BJTs or IGBTs is presented. A notable feature of this topology is that zero-current turn-on and zero-voltage turn-off are obtained under all conditions from no-load to full-load. A simple energy recovery arrangement to improve the overall converter efficiency is proposed. Complete analysis and design procedure are included. A prototype unit of 5 kW, operating at 20 kHz, is fully implemented and tested to verify the feasibility of the proposed converter topology.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A Projection-based User Interface for Industrial Robots (2007)

This paper presents a novel spatial user interface system for industrial robots, which relies on interactive projection in conjunction with a handheld stylus as the central medium for user-interaction. This way, complex spatial trajectories and other information can be edited directly in the workspace of the robot. Calibration mechanisms, interaction metaphors and methods for multi-projector-setups will be discussed. The system relies on an active optical tracking system, with a dedicated handheld probe that is suitable for robot teaching and the implied handling in six degrees-of-freedom. Both, laser projectors and video beamers have been incorporated into the system and will be evaluated for their specific properties in the context of a spatial user interface. Interaction mechanisms and metaphors include e. g. free editing, drag-and-drop for 3D-trajectories on workpiece surfaces, virtual menus projected into the workspace and interactive modeling of collision geometries and workpiece shapes.
Guided-wave 1.3/1.55 µm wavelength divisionmultiplexer based on multimode interference (1996)

To improve the wavelength sensitivity of the multimode interference phenomenon and thus reduce the device length, a restricted-resonance multimode interference scheme and a lower beat length ratio were adopted to design a novel 1.3/1.55 µm wavelength division multiplexer. Using the modal propagation analysis, transmission characteristics of the device were investigated.
[Genetic linkage analysis in localizing a gene of autosomal dominant familial dilated cardiomyopathy with conduction defect]. (2005)

The related gene in this kindred is located on 3q26 other than on CMD1A, CMD1H, CMD1E, and CMD1F.
Safe Optimization of Highway Traffic With Robust Model Predictive Control-Based Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (2017)

Road traffic crashes have been the leading cause of death among young people. Most of these accidents occur when the driver becomes distracted due to fatigue or external factors. Vehicle platooning systems, as cooperative adaptive cruise control, are one of the results of efforts devoted to the development of technologies for decreasing the number of road crashes and fatalities. Previous studies have suggested that such systems improve up to 273% highway traffic throughput and over 15% of fuel consumption if the clearance between vehicles in this class of roads can be reduced to 2 m. In this paper, we propose an approach that guarantees a minimum safety distance between vehicles taking into account the overall system delays and braking capacity of each vehicle. An l∞-norm robust model predictive controller has been developed to guarantee the minimum safety distance is not violated due to uncertainties on the preceding vehicle behavior. A formulation for a lower bound clearance of vehicles inside a platoon is also proposed. Simulation results show the performance of the approach compared to a nominal controller when the system is subject to both modeled and unmodeled disturbances.
Novel Integrated Fluid-Power Actuators for Functional End-Use Components and Systems via Selective Laser Sintering Nylon 12 (2012)

The Milwaukee School of Engineering (MSOE) and the Additive Manufacturing (AM) community have an interest in expanding applications of AM and broadening market opportunities. Specific areas of interest include robotics and fully functional components/systems. MSOE has developed methods for streamlining the development and implementation of functional fluid power components/systems, such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) robotic surgery systems, rescue robotics, and customized form-fit orthotic and prosthetic devices, all of which have a high power-density and high efficiency with the use of fluid power. MSOE has defined several of these components and devices as solid state actuators (SSA) (single, multi-functional components made of diaphragms, bellows, springs etc.) or solid state actuator systems (SSAS). Prior work has already been done on integrated systems for robotic prototypes to help determine and improve workspaces, thus allowing designers to make practical design changes at a low cost. Implementing AM fluid power devices in industry has also been done, where applications largely include human-machine interaction and biomimetic or continuum robotics. However, most devices are made up of numerous components in assemblies. MSOE has made it possible for mechanisms to be fully functional as built and as a single entity. The implementation and development of SSAs and SSASs are discussed along with practical design considerations of integrated functional fluid power components.
Adhesion of Follicular Lymphoma Cells to Lymphoid Germinal Centers—A Potential Mechanism of Tumor Cell Homing Following Autologous Transplantation (1994)

Follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) generally present as disseminated diseases with infiltration of lymphoid organs, bone marrow (BM), as well as peripheral blood (PB). These lymphoma cells may recapitulate the behavior of normal germinal center (GC) B cells, some of which remain in follicles and others which have the capacity to migrate. Normal activated B cells and follicular lymphoma cells bind to GCs in vitro and this interaction is mediated by VLA-4 on the lymphoid cell and VCAM-1 on follicular dendritic cells. Since the disseminated nature of follicular NHLs may be related to the ability of PB and BM cells to recirculate through lymphoid tissues, we examined the adhesive characteristics of follicular lymphoma cells isolated from these site. Cells from 10 of 14 cases of follicular NHL involving PB or BM bound to normal GCs. Neoplastic GCs could similarly support the binding of PB or BM derived follicular NHL cells. This interaction was inhibited by monoclonal antibodies directed against VLA-4 and VCAM-1. These studies may provide insight into the clinical behavior of these diseases. More importantly the homing and adhesion of lymphoma cells is likely to be relevant to the use of PB and BM as a source of hematopoietic stem cells following high dose ablative therapy.
Abnormalities of satellite cells function in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2011)

Abstract Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by progressive denervation leading to muscle atrophy prevented, during the early phase, by compensatory reinnervation. Little is known about muscle fibre regeneration capacity in ALS. We have carried out in vivo and in vitro investigation of skeletal muscle in ALS. Seven ALS patients underwent a deltoid muscle biopsy. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed various degrees of denervation- and reinnervation-related changes in the ALS muscle biopsies including satellite cells (SCs) activation and regenerating fibres. Only 3/7 primary cultures of ALS muscle cells were successfully established and had sufficient myogenicity, as assessed by desmin positivity, to be used without further purification. This was in contrast with the cultures derived from control muscles, predominantly desmin-positive cells. Although capable to proliferate in vitro, ALS-derived SCs presented an abnormal senescent-like morphology. Markers of senescence, including senescent-associated (SA)-βGal activity and p16 expression, were increased. Furthermore, ALS-derived SCs were also unable to fully differentiate in vitro as shown by abnormal myotubes morphology and reduced MHC isoform expression, compared to control myotubes. Our study suggests that SC function is altered in ALS. This could limit the efficacy of compensatory processes and therefore could contribute to the progression of muscle atrophy and weakness.
Cloning of the gene encoding streptococcal immunoglobulin A protease and its expression in Escherichia coli (1988)

We have identified and cloned a 6-kilobase-pair segment of chromosomal DNA from Streptococcus sanguis ATCC 10556 that encodes immunoglobulin A (IgA) protease activity when cloned into Escherichia coli. The enzyme specified by the iga gene in plasmid pJG1 accumulates in the periplasm of E. coli MM294 cells and has a substrate specificity for human IgA1 identical to that of native S. sanguis protease. Hybridization experiments with probes from within the encoding DNA showed no detectable homology at the nucleotide sequence level with chromosomal DNA of gram-negative bacteria that excrete IgA protease. Moreover, the S. sanguis iga gene probes showed no detectable hybridization with chromosomal DNA of S. pneumoniae, although the IgA proteases of these two streptococcal species cleaved the identical peptide bond in the human IgA1 heavy-chain hinge region.