gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Focused ion beam technology applied to microstructure fabrication (1998)

Focused ion beams (FIBs) have found a place in several research thrusts for the manufacture of mini or micro mechanical objects. This article reports the use of FIB in three distinct applications in microfabrication: prototype structures, micron-sized machine tools and microsurgical manipulators, and ion milling of three dimensional features. Examples of each of these applications are given with the FIB component identified as the enabling or critical component in the technology. The possibility of using FIB milling as part of a production method for micron-sized machine tools is discussed, and the mass production consequences of molds fabricated by three dimensional ion beam milling is also considered. The mathematical procedure and programming steps needed to accurately control FIB three dimensional milling are outlined.
Synthesis of the proposed penultimate biosynthetic triene intermediate of monensin A (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of the proposed penultimate biosynthetic triene intermediate of monensin ADinesh V. Patel, Frank. VanMiddlesworth, John. Donaubauer, Peter. Gannett, and Charles J. SihCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 15, 4603–4614Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00275a055https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00275a055research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1264Altmetric-Citations89LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Circuitry of nuclear factor κB signaling (2006)

Over the past few years, the transcription factor nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB and the proteins that regulate it have emerged as a signaling system of pre-eminent importance in human physiology and in an increasing number of pathologies. While NF-kappaB is present in all differentiated cell types, its discovery and early characterization were rooted in understanding B-cell biology. Significant research efforts over two decades have yielded a large body of literature devoted to understanding NF-kappaB's functioning in the immune system. NF-kappaB has been found to play roles in many different compartments of the immune system during differentiation of immune cells and development of lymphoid organs and during immune activation. NF-kappaB is the nuclear effector of signaling pathways emanating from many receptors, including those of the inflammatory tumor necrosis factor and Toll-like receptor superfamilies. With this review, we hope to provide historical context and summarize the diverse physiological functions of NF-kappaB in the immune system before focusing on recent advances in elucidating the molecular mechanisms that mediate cell type-specific and stimulus-specific functions of this pleiotropic signaling system. Understanding the genetic regulatory circuitry of NF-kappaB functionalities involves system-wide measurements, biophysical studies, and computational modeling.
Immune therapy in sepsis: Are we ready to try again? (2018)

Immune therapy to ease the burden of sepsis has thus far failed to consistently improve patient outcomes. Advances in cancer immune therapy and awareness that prolonged immune-suppression in sepsis can leave patients vulnerable to secondary infection and death have driven resurgence in the field of sepsis immune-therapy investigation. As we develop and evaluate these novel therapies, we must learn from past experiences where single-mediator targeted immune therapies were blindly delivered to heterogeneous patient cohorts with complex and evolving immune responses. Advances in genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and point-of-care technology, coupled with a better understanding of sepsis pathogenesis, have meant that personalised immune-therapy is on the horizon. Here, we review the complex immune pathogenesis in sepsis and the contemporary immune therapies that are being investigated to manipulate this response. An outline of the immune biomarkers that may be used to support this approach is also provided.
Pain in the preterm neonate: behavioural and physiological indices (1993)

The impact of invasive procedures on preterm neonates has received little systematic attention. We examined facial activity, body movements, and physiological measures in 56 preterm and full-term newborns in response to heel lancing, along with comparison preparatory and recovery intervals. The measures were recorded in special care and full-term nurseries during routine blood sampling. Data analyses indicated that in all measurement categories reactions of greatest magnitude were to the lancing procedure. Neonates with gestational ages as short as 25-27 weeks displayed physiological responsivity to the heel lance, but only in the heart rate measure did this vary with gestational age. Bodily activity was diminished in preterm neonates in general, relative to full-term newborns. Facial activity increased with the gestational age of the infant. Specificity of the response to the heel lance was greatest on the facial activity measure. Identification of pain requires attention to gestational age in the preterm neonate.
Elevated Remnant Cholesterol Causes Both Low-Grade Inflammation and Ischemic Heart Disease, Whereas Elevated Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Causes Ischemic Heart Disease Without Inflammation (2013)

Elevated nonfasting remnant cholesterol is causally associated with low-grade inflammation and with IHD, whereas elevated LDL cholesterol is associated causally with IHD without inflammation.
The Willingness to Seek Help: Its Role in Social Workers' Professional Commitment (1999)

Providing help to persons in need is the central theme of the social work profession. The three elements essential to this process are the person offering the assistance, the assistance itself, and the person receiving it. The focus here is on the person offering the help and to what degree that person is willing to request help when he or she needs it. Social workers differ with regard to their willingness to seek help, and this study employs a variety of research tools to explore the relevance of these differences to their commitment to the profession and to their professional advancement. The research, carried out in Israel with a sample of 180 professional social workers, found greater willingness to seek help to be directly associated with greater professional commitment and indirectly associated with enhanced upward career mobility.
Detection of nucleosome particles in serum and plasma from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus using monoclonal antibody 4H7. (2001)

Presence of nucleosome related antigen in sera from patients with SLE may provide insight into the sequence of disease related antigenic stimuli in active SLE.
Total appearance differences for metallic and pearlescent materials: Contributions from color and texture (2010)

We have investigated how texture and color combine when assessing the appearance of special effect coatings. In a previous study, the most important aspects of the texture of special effect coatings were identified as diffuse coarseness and glint impression. In the present study, objective measurements of these parameters are carried out using a recently developed instrument, and these data are combined with spectrophotometer data under six geometries. The instrumental data and visual data are analyzed using statistical techniques. From these visual data we were able to create a total appearance score which strongly correlates with the measurements of color and texture differences using this instrument. In this way a calculation procedure has been developed yielding predictions on acceptability that correlate well with visual judgments. Also, the added value of reflection data close to the gloss angle is demonstrated. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2011
HOXB7 Constitutively Activates Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor in Melanomas (1996)

Homeobox (HOX) genes control axial specification during mammalian development and also regulate skin morphogenesis. Although selected HOX genes are variably expressed in leukemias and kidney and colon cancer cell lines, their relationship with the neoplastic phenotype remains unclear. In both normal development and neoplastic transformation, HOX target genes are largely unknown. We investigated the expression and function of HOXB cluster genes in human melanoma. The HOXB7 gene was constitutively expressed in all 25 melanoma cell lines and analyzed under both normal and serum-starved conditions, as well as in in vivo primary and metastatic melanoma cells; conversely, HOXB7 was expressed in proliferating but not quiescent normal melanocytes. Treatment of melanoma cell lines with antisense oligomers targeting HOXB7 mRNA markedly inhibited cell proliferation and specifically abolished expression of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) mRNA. Band shift and cotransfection experiments showed that HOXB7 directly transactivates the hFGF gene through one out of five putative homeodomain binding sites present in its promoter. These novel findings indicate a key role for constitutive HOXB7 expression in melanoma cell proliferation via bFGF. The results also raise the possibility that growth factor genes are critical HOX target genes in other developmental and/or neoplastic cell systems.
Gene cloning and characterization of a second alanine racemase from Bacillus subtilis encoded by yncD (2008)

Alanine racemase activity was investigated in Bacillus subtilis. A putative second alanine racemase gene (yncD) was cloned in parallel with the previously identified alanine racemase gene, dal. Each of the B. subtilis genes, dal and yncD complemented the Escherichia coli Alr- DadX- double mutant alanine auxotrophic strain MB2159 in vivo, restoring the prototrophic phenotype. Alanine racemase activity was also detected in vitro in cell-free extracts prepared from cultures of E. coli MB2159 harboring plasmids expressing either of the cloned B. subtilis genes and preliminary characterization of enzyme activity is presented.
Humanized Chimeric Receptors in the Therapy of Multiple Sclerosis (2007)

The role of autoreactive, antigen-specific T-cells in the development of autoimmunity has long been documented. T-cells expressing chimeric receptors are specifically redirected against such cells and have been proven to suppress autoimmune encephalomyelitis, the murine model of multiple sclerosis. We here demonstrate the ability of humanized chimeric receptors to suppress experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in a humanized mouse model by redirecting T lymphocytes against autoreactive T-cells. The receptors were synthesized by linking the 84-102 epitope of human myelin basic protein (MBP) to the extracellular and transmembrane domains of the beta chain of human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecule and the cytoplasmic zeta chain of T cell receptor and pairing it to the alpha chain linked to zeta. CD8+ receptor-modified T-cells (RMTC) were able to recognize the cognate TCR receptor of antigen-specific cells and induce cytokine secretion, proliferation, and cytolysis upon engagement. Most importantly, the RMTC were able to specifically kill antigen-specific cells both in vitro and in vivo and prevent EAE disease. We hypothesize that the humanized chimeric receptors could be used as a therapeutic approach for multiple sclerosis in the future.
Time temperature dependence of dual coated lightguide pullout measurements (1989)

Abstract The strength of the bond between primary coating and glass for a dual coated lightguide may be judged by fixing the coating to a substrate and pulling the glass out. The values obtained from such measurements are shown to exhibit a temperature and rate dependence similar to the mechanical properties of the primary coating for a given coating system. Here we combined temperature and rate data for a universal description of the coating to glass adhesion for a dual coating system.
Role of Research & Development and of New Technologies (The) (1999)

not available at this time
Boxfishes as Unusually Well‐Controlled Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (2000)

Boxfishes (family Ostraciidae) are tropical reef-dwelling marine bony fishes that have about three-fourths of their body length encased in a rigid bony test. As a result, almost all of their swimming movements derive from complex combinations of movements of their median and paired fins (MPF locomotion). In terms of both body design and swimming performance, they are among the most sophisticated examples known of naturally evolved vertebrate autonomous underwater vehicles. Quantitative studies of swimming performance, biomechanics, and energetics in one model species have shown that (i) they are surprisingly strong, fast swimmers with great endurance; (ii) classical descriptions of how they swim were incomplete: they swim at different speeds using three different gaits; (iii) they are unusually dynamically well controlled and stable during sustained and prolonged rectilinear swimming; and (iv) despite unusually high parasite (fuselage) drag, they show energetic costs of transport indistinguishable from those of much better streamlined fishes using body and caudal fin (BCF) swimming modes at similar water temperatures and over comparable ranges of swimming speeds. We summarize an analysis of these properties based on a dynamic model of swimming in these fishes. This model accounts for their control, stability, and efficiency in moving through the water at moderate speeds in terms of gait changes, of water-flow patterns over body surfaces, and of complex interactions of thrust vectors generated by fin movements.
Development of 3-D focused-ion-beam (FIB) etching methods for nano- and micro-technology application (2002)

We have developed a 3-D FIB etching method for making 3-D micro-devices and sensors based on nano- and micro-technology. We fabricated single electron tunneling (SET) devices on a Bi-2201 single crystal whisker. We also describe 3-D FIB etching methods using layered single crystal whiskers as examples. These methods offer simple in situ etching and evaporation processes in FIB systems for making a micro area of stacks.
Identification of Naturally Processed CD4 T Cell Epitopes from the Prostate-Specific Antigen Kallikrein 4 Using Peptide-Based In Vitro Stimulation (2002)

Kallikrein (KLK)4 is a recently described member of the tissue kallikrein gene family that is specifically expressed in normal and prostate tumor tissues. The tissue-specific expression profile of this molecule suggests that it might be useful as a vaccine candidate against prostate cancer. To examine the presence of CD4 T cells specific for KLK4 in PBMC of normal individuals, a peptide-based in vitro stimulation protocol was developed that uses overlapping KLK4-derived peptides spanning the majority of the KLK4 protein. Using this methodology, three naturally processed CD4 epitopes derived from the KLK4 sequence are identified. These epitopes are restricted by HLA-DRB1*0404, HLA-DRB1*0701, and HLA-DPB1*0401 class II alleles. CD4 T cell clones specific for these epitopes are shown to efficiently and specifically recognize both recombinant KLK4 protein and lysates from prostate tumor cell lines virally infected to express KLK4. CD4 T cells specific for these KLK4 epitopes are shown to exist in PBMC from multiple male donors that express the relevant class II alleles, indicating that a CD4 T cell repertoire specific for KLK4 is present and potentially expandable in prostate cancer patients. The demonstration that KLK4-specific CD4 T cells exist in the peripheral circulation of normal male donors and the identification of naturally processed KLK4-derived CD4 T cell epitopes support the use of KLK4 in whole gene-, protein-, or peptide-based vaccine strategies against prostate cancer. Furthermore, the identification of naturally processed KLK4-derived epitopes provides valuable tools for monitoring preexisting and vaccine-induced responses to this molecule.
Multimodal real-time focus of attention estimation in SmartRooms (2008)

This paper presents an overview of our work on real-time multimodal tracking focus of attention of multiple persons in a SmartRoom scenario. Redundancy among cameras is exploited to generate a 3D discrete reconstruction of the space. This information is fed to a novel low complexity Monte Carlo based tracking scheme. Estimated locations of people in the room are used to automatically determine their head positions. Head orientation of every person is computed using video and audio separately and then a multimodal estimation is produced by combining data at feature level employing a decentralized Kalman filter. Finally, participantspsila focus attention is estimated by means of two geometric descriptors: the attention cone and the attention map. Experiments conducted over annotated databases yield quantitative results proving the effectiveness of the presented approach.
Exposure to lindane and two other hexachlorocyclohexane isomers increases free intracellular calcium levels in neurohybridoma cells. (1988)

NCB-20 neurohybridoma cells were exposed to isomers of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) for periods of time ranging from 5-45 min, and intracellular free calcium [Ca++]i levels were determined using the INDO1/AM method. Exposure to lindane (gamma HCH) produced a dose-dependent increase in [Ca++]i, significant increases being observed with exposures from 10-400 microM. During exposure, [Ca++]i increased to a peak and then declined over the next 45 min. After 45 min levels were still elevated above control levels. This action of the gamma isomer of HCH was shared by the alpha and beta isomers. The potencies of the isomers were alpha (0.5), beta (0.75) and gamma (1.0). The effects of HCH isomers on [Ca++]i in neurohybridoma cells are similar to those reported for the isomers using rat brain synaptosomes. The ability of lindane to increase [Ca++]i may explain the previously reported ability of lindane to increase spontaneous and evoked (under low quantal release conditions) release of transmitter from frog neuromuscular junction. The relevance of this effect to mammalian CNS hyperexcitability, however, remains unsettled. These effects occur at concentrations of lindane higher than those effective in antagonizing GABA-mediated inhibition, and they lack the specificity shown by the isomers under other circumstances.
Inhibition of 5α-reductase in genital skin fibroblasts and prostate tissue by dietary lignans and isoflavonoids (1995)

Isoflavonoids and lignans, constituents of many plant foods, have been proposed as protective agents in those populations with a low incidence of hormone-dependent cancers. They may act by their inhibition of the metabolism of growth-promoting steroid hormones. This report describes the inhibition of 5 alpha-reductase and 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase by six isoflavonoids and two lignans in human genital skin fibroblast monolayers and homogenates, and in benign prostatic hyperplasia tissue homogenates. In genital skin fibroblasts, genistein, biochanin A and equol were the most potent inhibitors of 5 alpha-reductase activity, each resulting in greater than 80% inhibition at a concentration of 100 microM. The IC50 values for genistein and a seven-compound mixture were approximately 35 microM and 20 microM (2.9 microM of each compound) respectively. Of the lignans, enterolactone was the most potent inhibitor. Inhibition by biochanin A was shown to be reversible. When genital skin fibroblast homogenates were used, biochanin A was found to inhibit 5 alpha-reductase isozymes 1 and 2 to differing extents (30% and 75% respectively). Genistein was shown to inhibit 5 alpha-reductase 2 in a non-competitive nature (Vmax and Km values without and with inhibitor were 30 and 20 pmol/mg protein per h and 177 and 170 nM respectively). All of the compounds tested inhibited 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in genital skin fibroblast monolayers. When prostate tissue homogenates were used, the compounds tested were better inhibitors of 5 alpha-reductase 1 than 2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Brain-targeted delivery of doxorubicin using glutathione-coated nanoparticles for brain cancers (2014)

We conclude that the initial in vitro characterization of the NPs demonstrates potential in delivering doxorubicin to cancer cells with possible future application in targeting brain cancers in vivo.
Remarkably fast hydrolysis of 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate by cerium(<scp>III</scp>) hydroxide cluster (1992)

J. Sumaoka, M. Yashiro and M. Komiyama, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1992, 1707 DOI: 10.1039/C39920001707
Naphthyridines as Novel BET Family Bromodomain Inhibitors (2013)

Bromodomains (BRDs) are small protein domains found in a variety of proteins that recognize and bind to acetylated histone tails. This binding affects chromatin structure and facilitates the localisation of transcriptional complexes to specific genes, thereby regulating epigenetically controlled processes including gene transcription and mRNA elongation. Inhibitors of the bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) proteins BRD2-4 and T, which prevent bromodomain binding to acetyl-modified histone tails, have shown therapeutic promise in several diseases. We report here the discovery of 1,5-naphthyridine derivatives as potent inhibitors of the BET bromodomain family with good cell activity and oral pharmacokinetic parameters. X-ray crystal structures of naphthyridine isomers have been solved and quantum mechanical calculations have been used to explain the higher affinity of the 1,5-isomer over the others. The best compounds were progressed in a mouse model of inflammation and exhibited dose-dependent anti-inflammatory pharmacology.
Aging, Persistent Viral Infections, and Immunosenescence (2010)

Overcrowding the immune space with excess clones of viral-specific T cells causes the naïve T-cell repertoire to shrink, which increases infection susceptibility to novel pathogens. Physical exercise preferentially mobilizes senescent T cells from the peripheral tissues into the blood, which might facilitate their subsequent apoptosis and create "vacant space" for newly functional T cells to occupy and expand the naïve T-cell repertoire.
In Vitro Activity of API-1252, a Novel FabI Inhibitor, against Clinical Isolates of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> (2007)

API-1252 (Fig. [1][1]), an inhibitor of bacterial enoyl-acyl carrier protein (enoyl-ACP) reductase (FabI), is being developed by Affinium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Toronto, Canada), in both oral and intravenous formulations, for single-agent and combination treatment of antimicrobial-susceptible and -