gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ESTUDO ANATÔMICO DAS VÉRTEBRAS LOMBARES DO LEÃO (Panthera leo LINNAEUS, 1758) – RELATO DE CASO (2008)

O Leao (Panthera leo) pertencente a familia Felidae e um animal carnivoro e sua dieta consiste em uma variedade de carnes desde pequenos insetos a grandes herbivoros, como as girafas. Em media, uma femea necessita de 5 kg de carne por dia e um macho de 7 kg. Mas, na natureza, a caca tem um ritmo irregular de dieta e por vezes podem ficar sem se alimentar durante dois a tres dias. Quando a caca e farta sao capazes de ingerir 20 a 30 kg de carne de uma so vez. Com o proposito de estudar as caracteristicas anatomicas das vertebras lombares do leao utilizou-se um esqueleto oriundo do zoologico do Parque do Sabia, em Uberlândia - MG. As vertebras lombares sao em numero de sete, achatadas dorsoventralmente e aumentam de largura da primeira para a ultima. Os processos transversos sao semelhantes a placas e estao direcionados cranial e ventralmente. Seu comprimento aumenta ate a sexta vertebra e na setima vertebra sao menores, mais espessos, ponteagudos e mais encurvados cranialmente. O arco das vertebras lombares aumenta progressivamante em altura a medida que se distancia na regiao. Os processos articulares craniais sao tuberosos, grandes e suas facetas sao concavas estando voltadas para o plano mediano. Projetando-se da face lateral de cada processo articular cranial nota-se uma pequena saliencia ponteaguda, o processo mamilar, que se dirige craniolateralmente e decresce de tamanho da primeira para a ultima vertebra. Os processos articulares caudais emergem da base do arco, suas facetas articulares sao convexas ventralmente e concavas dorsalmente apresentando o perfil em “S. Os processos espinhosos sao largos ventralmente, mais estreitos dorsalmente e, com excecao da ultima, inclinam-se um pouco cranialmente. Sua altura diminui caudalmente a quarta vertebra.
Solving Continuous-Time Optimal-Control Problems with a Spreadsheet (2003)

Abstract The author explains how optimal-control problems can be solved with a common spreadsheet such as Microsoft Excel. He illustrates the method with several examples ranging from simple models to quite advanced topics. The method is intended to be beneficial to students and teachers working with complicated theory in the classroom as well as researchers needing a tool for finding numerical solutions to optimal control problems.
FRC lifetime studies for the Field Reversed Configuration Heating Experiment (FRCHX) (2011)

The goal of the Field-Reversed Configuration Heating Experiment (FRCHX) is to demonstrate magnetized plasma compression and thereby provide a low cost approach to high energy density laboratory plasma (HEDLP) studies, which include such topics as magneto-inertial fusion (MIF). A requirement for the field-reversed configuration (FRC) plasma is that the trapped flux in the FRC must maintain confinement of the plasma within the capture region long enough for the compression process to be completed, which is approximately 20 microseconds for FRCHX. Current lifetime measurements of the FRCs formed with FRCHX show lifetimes of only 7~9 microseconds once the FRC has entered the capture region. A description of the pulsed power systems that comprise FRCHX will be presented along with an overview of the magnetic and plasma diagnostics fielded on the experiment. Results from recent FRCHX experiments will then be presented, and possible reasons for the lifetime limitations will be discussed along with several approaches for overcoming these limitations.
Abstract A132: Multi-parametric profiling of non-small cell lung cancers reveals distinct immunophenotypes (2016)

Abstract Immune checkpoint blockade improves survival in a subset of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but robust biomarkers that predict response to PD-1 pathway inhibitors are lacking. Furthermore, our understanding of the diversity of the NSCLC tumor immune microenvironment remains limited. To develop a more comprehensive knowledge of the NSCLC tumor immune landscape, we performed comprehensive flow-cytometric immunoprofiling on both tumor and immune cells from 51 NSCLCs and integrated this analysis with clinical and histopathologic characteristics, next generation sequencing, mRNA expression, and PD-L1 immunohistochemistry (IHC). Cytometric profiling identified two main tumor immunophenotypes: an immunologically “hot” cluster with high abundance of CD8+ T cells expressing high levels of the inhibitory receptors PD-1 and TIM-3, and an immunologically “cold” cluster with lower relative abundance of CD8+ T cells and expression of inhibitory markers. The “hot” cluster was highly enriched for expression of genes associated with T cell trafficking and cytotoxic function by mRNA analysis, and high PD-L1 expression by IHC. Within the “hot” cluster there was a small subgroup with high granulocytic infiltrates and lower relative T cell abundance, but with high expression of inhibitory receptors by T cells. There was no correlation between immunophenotype and KRAS or EGFR mutation status, or patient smoking history, but we did observe an enrichment of squamous subtype and tumors with higher mutation burden in the “hot” cluster. Additionally, ∼20% of cases had high B cell infiltrates and we demonstrate that a subset of these cells display characteristics of immunosuppressive IL-10-producing cells. Our results support the use of immune-based metrics to study response and resistance to immunotherapy in lung cancer. Citation Format: Patrick Lizotte, Elena Ivanova, Mark Bittinger, Kwok-Kin Wong. Multi-parametric profiling of non-small cell lung cancers reveals distinct immunophenotypes [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Second CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; 2016 Sept 25-28; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2016;4(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A132.
Selected Stro‐1‐enriched bone marrow stromal cells display a major suppressive effect on lymphocyte proliferation (2007)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have an immunosuppressive effect and can inhibit the proliferation of alloreactive T cells in vitro and in vivo. Cotransplantation of MSCs and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from HLA-identical siblings has been shown to reduce the incidence of acute graft-vs.-host disease. MSCs are heterogeneous and data on the inhibitory effects of different MSC subsets are lacking. The antigen Stro1 is a marker for a pure primitive MSC subset. We investigated whether Stro-1-enriched induce a more significant suppressive effect on lymphocytes in a mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR), and whether this action is related to a specific gene expression profile in Stro-1-enriched compared to other MSCs. We demonstrated that the Stro-1-enriched population elicits a significantly more profound dose-dependent inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation in a MLR than MSCs. One thousand expanded Stro-1-enriched induced an inhibitory effect comparable to that of 10 times as many MSCs. Inhibition by Stro-1-enriched was more significant in contact-dependent cultures than in noncontact-dependant cultures at higher ratio. The Stro-1-enriched inhibitory effect in both culture types was linked to increased gene expression for soluble inhibitory factors such as interleukin-8 (IL-8), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), indoleamine oxidase (IDO), human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G), and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM1). However, tumor growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta) and IL-10 were only up-regulated in contact-dependant cultures. These results may support using a purified Stro-1-enriched population to augment the suppressive effect in allogeneic transplantation.
Online discovery and maintenance of time series motifs (2010)

The detection of repeated subsequences, time series motifs, is a problem which has been shown to have great utility for several higher-level data mining algorithms, including classification, clustering, segmentation, forecasting, and rule discovery. In recent years there has been significant research effort spent on efficiently discovering these motifs in static offline databases. However, for many domains, the inherent streaming nature of time series demands online discovery and maintenance of time series motifs. In this paper, we develop the first online motif discovery algorithm which monitors and maintains motifs exactly in real time over the most recent history of a stream. Our algorithm has a worst-case update time which is linear to the window size and is extendible to maintain more complex pattern structures. In contrast, the current offline algorithms either need significant update time or require very costly pre-processing steps which online algorithms simply cannot afford.
Hematopoietic receptors of class III receptor-type tyrosine kinases. (1993)

Receptor-type tyrosine kinases (RTKs) constitute a family of proteins involved in growth and developmental processes. Class III RTKs are characterized by an extracellular region composed of five immunoglobulin-like domains and by a split tyrosine kinase domain. Some of the class III RTKs perform major functions in hematopoiesis and are the focus of this review. They are the colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF1) and Steel factor (SLF) receptors, encoded by the FMS and KIT protooncogenes, respectively, and the product of the FLT3/FLK2 gene. The structural, biochemical, functional, and pathological features of these three receptors and genes are reviewed.
The Janus Face of NKT Cell Function in Autoimmunity and Infectious Diseases (2018)

Natural killer T cells (NKT) are a subset of T lymphocytes bridging innate and adaptive immunity. These cells recognize self and microbial glycolipids bound to non-polymorphic and highly conserved CD1d molecules. Three NKT cell subsets, type I, II, and NKT-like expressing different antigen receptors (TCR) were described and TCR activation promotes intracellular events leading to specific functional activities. NKT can exhibit different functions depending on the secretion of soluble molecules and the interaction with other cell types. NKT cells act as regulatory cells in the defense against infections but, on the other hand, their effector functions can be involved in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory disorders due to their exposure to different microbial or self-antigens, respectively. A deep understanding of the biology and functions of type I, II, and NKT-like cells as well as their interplay with cell types acting in innate (neuthrophils, innate lymphoid cells, machrophages, and dendritic cells) and adaptive immunity (CD4⁺,CD8⁺, and double negative T cells) should be important to design potential immunotherapies for infectious and autoimmune diseases.
Stimulation of IS1 excision by bacteriophage P1 ref function (1989)

Lysogenization by a c1ts variant of coliphage P1, P1c1.100, markedly increased the frequency of reversion of a galT::IS1 mutation. The formation of Gal+ colonies presumably occurs by microhomologous recombination between the 9-base-pair repeats in galT (CGCCGCTAC) generated by the transposition of IS1. The responsible P1 gene, ref, has been cloned and sequenced. ref encodes a 22.8-kilodalton protein and is located near the P1 site-specific recombination function, cre. Expression of ref was repressed by P1 c+. The absence of a distinctive ribosome-binding site is consistent with a poor translation of ref from an expression vector in vivo. Placement of a ribosome-binding site before ref resulted in the extensive synthesis of the Ref protein. Ref stimulated precise excision in recB or himA cells, but not in recA mutants. Ref was active in lexA3 mutants, suggesting that the recombination activity of RecA was directly involved in the reaction. We have constructed a P1c1.100 ref::Tn10 mutant. The absence of Ref did not appear to restrict dramatically the ability of P1 to grow lytically or to form lysogens. Thus, the role of ref in the physiology of P1 remains to be determined.
Extracorporeal Photopheresis in the Treatment of AIDS-Related Complex: A Pilot Study (1990)

Objective: To determine side effects of extracorporeal photopheresis in the treatment of patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related complex, and to gain early evidence of efficacy of the treatment. Design: Uncontrolled trial. Setting: Tertiary referral center. Patients: Five patients with AIDS-related complex: three homosexual men and one man and one woman with histories of intravenous drug abuse. One patient, a homosexual man, withdrew from therapy after 5 months but returned for monthly clinical and laboratory evaluations. Intervention: Monthly treatments with extracorporeal photopheresis. Measurements and Main Results: Symptoms resolved in four patients. Lymphadenopathy disappeared in all five. Four patients had delayed-hypersensitivity reactions to skin testing (as defined by the Walter Reed staging classification). All showed increases in p24 and gp120 antibody levels. The CD4-cell percentage increased in four patients and declined in one after 6 months of therapy, but the absolute CD4 count decreased in two patients. At 15 months, the CD4 percentage remained at or increased over the baseline value in three patients still in the study but decreased in one. Levels of Beta2-microglobulin decreased or remained stable in four patients. All patients were culture positive for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) before treatment. One patient had a negative viral culture after 5 months of treatment with confirmation. Two other patients became HIV culture negative, one at 14 and one at 15 months: The former patient became positive at 15 months and the latter patient remained negative at 16 months. Conclusions: The preliminary results suggest that extracorporeal photopheresis deserves further evaluation as therapy for AIDS-related complex.
3D Bioprinting of Vascularized, Heterogeneous Cell‐Laden Tissue Constructs (2014)

A new bioprinting method is reported for fabricating 3D tissue constructs replete with vasculature, multiple types of cells, and extracellular matrix. These intricate, heterogeneous structures are created by precisely co-printing multiple materials, known as bioinks, in three dimensions. These 3D micro-engineered environments open new -avenues for drug screening and fundamental studies of wound healing, angiogenesis, and stem-cell niches.
Optimization of enzymatic degumming process for rapeseed oil (2006)

Abstract An enzymatic process optimization and a largescale plant trial for rapeseed oil degumming were carried out by a novel microbial lipase. Response surface methodology was used to obtain the desired data in the process optimization. Enzyme dosage, temperature, and pH were important determining factors affecting oil degumming. The optimal set of variables was an enzyme dosage of 39.6 mg/kg, a temperature of 48.3°C, and a pH of 4.9. The phosphorus content could be reduced to 3.1 mg/kg at the optimal levels of the tested factors. An enzymatic degumming plant trial was performed on a 400 tons/d oil production line. pH was found to play an important role in degumming performance. When the pH was 4.6–5.1, the corresponding phosphorus content of degummed rapeseed oil could be reduced to less than 10 mg/kg, which met the demands of the physical refining process.
Status of CO&amp;lt;inf&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/inf&amp;gt;isotope lasers and their applications in tunable laser spectroscopy (1982)

The use of CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> isotopes can provide a manifold expansion of the usable frequency range of sealed-off CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> lasers. Determination of the frequency, gain, and saturation parameter of the various CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> isotopic laser transitions will be discussed. Design considerations for constructing CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> isotopic lasers and selected applications will be presented.
Molecular basis for the species selectivity of the substance P antagonist CP-96,345. (1993)

The non-peptide substance P (SP) antagonist CP-96,345 has a 90-fold selectivity for the human neurokinin-1 (NK-1) or SP receptor over the rat NK-1 receptor, while the agonist SP shows no such selectivity. The cloned NK-1 receptors from these two species have primary protein structures that differ in only 22 of 407 residues. Wild type, chimeric, and point-mutated NK-1 receptors have been created and functionally expressed to understand the structural basis of this species selectivity. Residue 290 in the seventh putative membrane-spanning region is responsible for 20-fold of the affinity difference seen for CP-96,345 between the rat and human NK-1 receptors. Residues in the second extracellular loop and in membrane-spanning region six contribute the additional 3-5-fold of the species difference. The direct or indirect action of these residues with this nonpeptidic antagonist is discussed. This study serves to emphasize the need for species-appropriate in vitro models for the screening of antagonists in the search for therapeutics, and provides useful information to model nonpeptidic antagonist interactions with peptide hormone receptors.
Growth and carcass composition of pre-pubertal dairy heifers treated with bovine growth hormone (1987)

ABSTRACT The effects of long-term administration of exogenous growth hormone (GH) on growth and carcass composition of pasture-fed, pre-pubertal dairy heifers were examined. Purified bovine GH (specific activity, 0·78 i.u. per mg) was administered daily for 21 weeks (0·6 mg GH per kg M 0·75 ) to one member of each of 12 sets of twins. GH administration resulted in a significantly higher growth rate (0·58 kg/ day) compared with the control group (0·54 kg/day) and produced a heavier carcass (75·6 kg v. 69·5 kg). However, this production gain did not persist when GH treatment ceased. Plasma metabolite concentrations and carcass composition were not affected by GH treatment. GH tended to increase slightly the voluntary intake of freshly cut herbage dry matter (3·5 kg/day v . 3·7 kg/day; P &lt; 0·05), but had no effect on food conversion efficiency. Serum somatomedin levels were not significantly increased by GH during week 13 of treatment. This experiment indicates that pre-pubertal heifers chronically treated with GH will increase their food intake to sustain an increased rate of growth. However, the production gains made over the treatment period were transient and within 5 weeks of the cessation of GH treatment there was no difference in the live weight of the two groups.
Phaeoisaria aguilerae anam. sp. nov. from submerged wood in Cuba with notes and reflections in the genus Phaeoisaria (2002)

Phaeoisaria aguilerae anam. sp. nov., isole de branches pourrissantes, est decrite et illustree. Cette nouvelle espece se caracterise par des conidies en massue, legerement coubes, bicellulaires, lisses et hyalines. Les especes du genre Phaeoisaria sont brievement revues et une clef est proposee. Helicomina triseptata comb, nov., base sur P. triseptata Hol.-Jech., est propose.
WDM-based local lightwave networks. II. Multihop systems (1992)

For pt.I see ibid., vol.6, no.3, p.12-27, 1992. A survey of wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM)-based local lightwave networks is presented. The general characteristics of multihop systems are discussed, and various multihop approaches are reviewed. The construction of optimal structures based on minimizing the maximum link flow and optimizations based on minimization of the mean network packet delay are also reviewed. Regular topologies that have been studied as candidates for multihop lightwave networks, including the perfect shuffle, the de Bruijn graph, the toroid, and the hypercube, are discussed. Near-optimal node placement algorithms and shared-channel multihop systems are also discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Cytoprotective Encapsulation of Individual Jurkat T Cells within Durable TiO<sub>2</sub> Shells for T‐Cell Therapy (2017)

Lymphocytes, such as T cells and natural killer (NK) cells, have therapeutic promise in adoptive cell transfer (ACT) therapy, where the cells are activated and expanded in vitro and then infused into a patient. However, the in vitro preservation of labile lymphocytes during transfer, manipulation, and storage has been one of the bottlenecks in the development and commercialization of therapeutic lymphocytes. Herein, we suggest a cell-in-shell (or artificial spore) strategy to enhance the cell viability in the practical settings, while maintaining biological activities for therapeutic efficacy. A durable titanium oxide (TiO<sub>2</sub> ) shell is formed on individual Jurkat T cells, and the CD3 and other antigens on cell surfaces remain accessible to the antibodies. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) secretion is also not hampered by the shell formation. This work suggests a chemical toolbox for effectively preserving lymphocytes in vitro and developing the lymphocyte-based cancer immunotherapy.
Electron microscopy of whole cells in liquid with nanometer resolution (2009)

Single gold-tagged epidermal growth factor (EGF) molecules bound to cellular EGF receptors of fixed fibroblast cells were imaged in liquid with a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM). The cells were placed in buffer solution in a microfluidic device with electron transparent windows inside the vacuum of the electron microscope. A spatial resolution of 4 nm and a pixel dwell time of 20 micros were obtained. The liquid layer was sufficiently thick to contain the cells with a thickness of 7 +/- 1 microm. The experimental findings are consistent with a theoretical calculation. Liquid STEM is a unique approach for imaging single molecules in whole cells with significantly improved resolution and imaging speed over existing methods.
Encapsulation and 3D culture of human adipose-derived stem cells in an in-situ crosslinked hybrid hydrogel composed of PEG-based hyperbranched copolymer and hyaluronic acid (2013)

This study indicates that hADSCs can be maintained in a P-SH-HA hydrogel, and secrete pro-angiogenic growth factors with low cytotoxicity. With the potential to add more functionality for further structural modifications, this stem cell hydrogel system can be an ideal living dressing system for wound healing applications.