gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bioinspired Modular Synthesis of Elastin-Mimic Polymers To Probe the Mechanism of Elastin Elasticity (2010)

Bioinspired modular synthesis of elastin-mimic polymers (EMPs) is achieved via Cu-catalyzed alkyne-azide cyclization (CuAAC). By changing the module, EMPs with different secondary structures determined by circular dichroism (CD) spectra in trifluoroethanol (TFE) solution are obtained. The EMPs are characterized by measuring the lower critical solution temperatures (LSCTs) and the bulk mechanic properties under the conditions of both dry and hydrated forms. The unique molecular design enables us to probe mechanistic questions and assess the structure-property relationship of the EMPs. Our results indicate that, instead of a highly organized secondary structure, hydrophobic hydration is critical for the elasticity of EMPs.
Oral cancer treatment: developments in chemotherapy and beyond (2002)

Oncology is one of the few areas of medicine where most patients are treated intravenously rather than receiving oral drugs. Recently, several oral anti-cancer drugs have been approved and there are many more in development. Oral chemotherapy is attractive because of its convenience and ease of administration, particularly in the palliative setting. With an increasing number of oral agents emerging, we can expect to see a rapid rise in the use of oral chemotherapy in years to come. This article reviews recent developments in oral chemotherapy, both of traditional cytotoxics and novel, targeted agents, from the viewpoint of patients, physicians, drug developers and health-care providers.
Rapid Detection of a Molecular Marker for Chloroquine-Resistant Falciparum Malaria (2002)

A PCR-based technique using molecular beacons was developed to detect the chloroquine resistance-associated pfcrt K76T point mutation in Plasmodium falciparum. One hundred thirty African clinical isolates were tested by the new method in comparison with the PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. This rapid and inexpensive genomic assay could expand the possibilities for monitoring chloroquine resistance.
Using qualitative observations for process tuning and control [IC manufacture] (1997)

Many qualitative properties of the product and the process are of interest during semiconductor manufacturing. One of the typical examples is the sidewall surface roughness of an etched polysilicon line. These properties are important since they affect directly the quality and performance of the integrated circuit (IC) devices being built. Traditionally, however, they are treated informally and subjectively as tacit knowledge in the processing arena. In this paper, we present a systematic approach to modeling and controlling such qualitative properties. This approach is based on treating qualitative process variables as categorical data that can be better understood with the help of formal statistical analysis known as logistic regression. This analysis reveals important relationships between the input process settings and the qualitative process output responses in a way that is similar to linear regression analysis for conventional numerical variables. Similarly, categorical process variables can be used for process control, which is driven by a probabilistic model of the categorical variables. We show how categorical models can be used to tune a process and, later, to control it via statistical process control (SPC) charts, model-based quality control techniques, and adaptive run-by-run controllers.
STUDIES ON THE MECHANISM OF ENDOGENOUS PYROGEN PRODUCTION (1974)

The characteristics of pyrogen production and release by human blood monocytes were investigated. A dose-response assay of monocyte pyrogen in rabbits indicated a linear relationship of temperature elevation to dose of pyrogen at lower doses. Monocytes did not contain pyrogen when first obtained, nor did they release it spontaneously even after 5 days of incubation in vitro. Pyrogen production was apparent 4 h after stimulation by endotoxin or phagocytosis, and continued for 24 h or more. Puromycin, an inhibitor of protein synthesis, prevented both initiation and continuation of pyrogen production and release. Pyrogen-containing supernates retained most pyrogenic activity during overnight incubation even in the presence of activated cells. Lymphocytes appeared to play no role in either initiation or continuation of pyrogen production in these studies.
The nuclear factor YY1 participates in repression of the beta-casein gene promoter in mammary epithelial cells and is counteracted by mammary gland factor during lactogenic hormone induction. (1994)

Expression of the beta-casein milk protein gene in the mammary epithelial cell line HC11 is primarily regulated at the transcriptional level. A 338-bp segment of promoter sequence 5' of the transcription start site is sufficient to confer inducibility by the lactogenic hormones insulin, glucocorticoid hormone, and prolactin. Positively and negatively acting promoter elements and specific DNA binding proteins have been identified. The binding of the mammary gland factor MGF to a site between -80 and -100 is indispensable for hormonal induction of transcription. Binding of MGF activity to DNA is greatly enhanced by the action of the lactogenic hormones. Repression of transcription in the uninduced state is mediated by a promoter element located adjacent to the MGF binding site at positions -110 to -150. This repressor element consists of two interacting protein binding sites. A nuclear factor that binds specifically to the proximal site between positions -110 and -120 has been characterized and found to be identical with the nuclear factor YY1 (delta, NF-E1). YY1 does not bind to the distal site. The simultaneous mutation in the proximal and the distal sites results in high, hormone-independent transcription. This finding suggests that YY1 plays a functional role in the repression and acts in conjunction with a second DNA binding protein. Comparison of YY1 DNA binding activity in uninduced and hormone-induced cells showed that relief of repression is not mediated by changes in the concentration or binding affinity of YY1. Infection of HC11 cells with a YY1-expressing recombinant retrovirus resulted in overexpression of YY1 but did not suppress hormonal induction. The addition of purified MGF decreased YY1 binding to its DNA recognition site in vitro. This finding indicates that MGF regulates the DNA binding activity of YY1 and thereby may cause the relief of transcriptional repression.
Inhibition of Human Squamous Cell Carcinoma Growth In Vivo by Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Antisense RNA Transcribed From the U6 Promoter (1998)

These results suggest that interference with EGFR expression, using an antisense-based gene therapy approach, may be an effective means of treating EGFR-overexpressing tumors, including SCCHN.
Flat Panel Light-Field 3-D Display: Concept, Design, Rendering, and Calibration (2017)

Recent autostereoscopic 3-D (A3D) displays suffer from many limitations such as narrow viewing angle, low resolution, and shallow depth effects. As these limitations mainly originate from the insufficiency of pixel resources, it is not easy to obtain a feasible solution that can solve all the limitations simultaneously. In many cases, it will be better to find a good compromising design. Generally, the multiview display and the integral imaging display are the representative designs of A3D. However, as they are too canonical and lack flexibility in design, they tend to be a tradeoff. To address these design issues, we have analyzed the multiview display and the integral image display in a light-field coordinate and developed a 3-D display design framework in a light-field space. The developed framework does not use the “view” concept anymore. Instead, it considers the spatial distribution of rays of the 3-D display and provides more flexible and sophisticated design methods. In this paper, the developed design method is explained using a new pixel value assigning algorithm, called the light-field rendering, and vision-based parameter calibration methods for 3-D displays. We have also analyzed the blur effects caused by the depth and display characteristics. By implementing the proposed method, we have designed a 65-in 96-view display with a 4K panel. The developed prototype has showed almost seamless parallax with a high-resolution comparable to the conventional four to five views displays. This paper will be useful to readers interested in A3D displays, especially in the multiview and the integral imaging displays.
Inhibition of the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene transfection in L<i>tk</i><sup>-</sup>cells by potential Z-DNA forming polymers (1985)

It has been demonstrated that certain alternating purine and pyrimidine sequences may assume a left-handed Z-DNA conformation. In order to evaluate the possibility that Z-DNA is involved in the modulation of gene expression, we examined the ability of various synthetic DNA polymers to affect the transfection of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSVtk) gene in Ltk- cells using the DNA-calcium phosphate cotransfection technique. We found that potential Z-DNA forming polymers such as, poly(dG-m5dC) X poly(dG-m5dC) and poly(dG-dC) X poly(dG-dC), cotransfected with the tk gene decreased the level of Tk+ transformed colonies. In contrast, cotransfection of the tk gene with polymers which do not assume Z-conformation such as, poly(dG) X poly(dC) or poly(dA-dT) X poly(dA-dT) showed no effect on the number of colonies formed. About 50% inhibition of the Tk+ colony formation was obtained by 0.4 micrograms of poly(dG-m5dC) X poly(dG-m5dC), or by 2 micrograms of poly(dG-dC) X poly(dG-dC). DNA uptake into Ltk- cells was not significantly affected by any of these polymers. Approximately 20-42 base pairs (bp) long alternating dG-dC sequence linked at either the 5'-end or 3'-end of tk gene were cloned into plasmids. These recombinant plasmids, however, showed no remarkable effect upon the transfection of Ltk- cells. The DNAs of Tk+ colonies obtained by transfecting these recombinant plasmids were digested with BssH II and analyzed by Southern blotting. We demonstrated that the dG-dC sequences proximal to the tk gene were integrated into cellular DNA. All the presented results indicate that only larger polymers with the potential to assume a Z-DNA conformation may affect tk gene transfection either by inhibiting transcription or more probably by affecting the stable integration of the tk gene into the host chromosome.
Characterization of reversed c-axis AlN thin films (2010)

Background: It is desired to grow AlN in a reversed c-axis configuration to fabricate R-FBARS (Reversed c-axis Film Bulk Acoustic Resonator) with reactively sputtered, thin film Aluminum Nitride (AlN). Previous methods of growing reversed c-axis AlN, result in films with low electro-acoustic coupling constant, low Q, or inability to withstand the Avago Technologies FBAR release process. Conribution/Methods: An AMS Inc. deposition tool, modified to allow independent control and unique processes, was used to deposit AlN on Al, Mo or W bottom electrodes used in this study. AlN films of thickness 1.2 microns were deposited over patterned bottom electrodes, with additional processing used to reverse the c-axis of the A1N. A top electrode was deposited, patterned, and either processing stopped at the transducer point, or the R-FBAR was released from the silicon wafer with HF acid. Results: The Avago Technologies Acoustic Imaging Microscope interferometer (AIM) is used in point mode to determine the AlN c-axis orientation. The transducer or R-FBAR is driven with a 40 kHz sine wave, and the phase of the top surface motion is observed. Both the orientation and the piezoelectric coefficient were determined. To evaluate the material constants of the AlN for the R-FBAR structure, the input RF reflection coefficient vs frequency is measured. From a one dimensional Mason model for the R-FBAR stack, the AlN material parameters - coupling constant k <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , resonant frequency, velocity, and attenuation, were determined by varying them in the model, to backfit the measured data. R-FBAR resonators with reversed c-axis orientation, termed type CN ("Compression Negative"), as well as FBARS with normal c-axis orientation termed Type CP, ("Compression Positive"), were fabricated. A strong piezocoupling constant was observed, depending on the deposition parameters used. The voltage shift ("Voltco") coefficient of the resonator resonant frequencies, f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sub> or f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</sub> , was observed, compared to the interoferometric observations, and found to be a reliable indicator of c-axis polarity. For the FBARS and R-FBARS reported here, for the Type CP films, a Voltco of +40 kHz/Volt was observed, and for Type CN films, -30 kHz/Volt was observed. Low frequency REARS and high frequency RSBARS stacked resonator structures were fabricated, and preliminary results are given.
The Elmore delay as a bound for RC trees with generalized input signals (1997)

The Elmore delay is an extremely popular timing-performance metric which is used at all levels of electronic circuit design automation, particularly for resistor-capacitor (RC) tree analysis. The widespread usage of this metric is mainly attributable to it being a delay measure that is a simple analytical function of the circuit parameters. The only drawback to this delay metric is the uncertainty of its accuracy and the restriction to it being an estimate only for the step response delay. In this paper, we prove that the Elmore delay measure is an absolute upper bound on the actual 50% delay of an RC tree response. Moreover, we prove that this bound holds for input signals other than steps and that the actual delay asymptotically approaches the Elmore delay as the input signal rise time increases. A lower bound on the delay is also developed using the Elmore delay and the second moment of the impulse response. The utility of this bound is for understanding the accuracy and the limitations of the Elmore metric as we use it as a performance metric for design automation.
Noninterpenetrating Square-Grid Coordination Polymers With Dimensions of 25×25 Å2 Prepared by UsingN,N′-Type Ligands: The First Chiral Square-Grid Coordination Polymer (2002)

Use of a chiral, fluorene-based N,N′-bipyridine-type ligand (9,9-bis[(S)-2-methylbutyl]-2,7-bis(4-pyridylethynyl)fluorene) with a CuII salt led to the formation of the first chiral non-interpenetrating square-grid coordination polymer (see picture). The free space in the polymer can be controlled by adjusting the size of the side chains attached to the ligand. The large channels and the incorporation of chirality into the polymer make such compounds strong candidates for chiral recognition applications.
Automotive Gasoline Usage in Reciprocating Aircraft Engines (1987)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The purpose of this paper is to describe the current progress and problems associated with the use of automotive gasoline in aircraft and reciprocating aircraft engines used in the United States. Comparison between United States and certain other countries automotive gasolines are reviewed. Anticipated performance of various automotive gasolines blended for International use are evaluated for their potential use in aircraft and reciprocating aircraft engines.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The potential of future blends consisting of high percentages of oxygenates, (alcohols and co-solvents) are assessed for their applicability to aircraft and aircraft engines.&lt;/div&gt;
Dried blood spot sampling in combination with LC‐MS/MS for quantitative analysis of small molecules (2009)

The collection of whole blood samples on paper, known as dried blood spot (DBS), dates back to the early 1960s in newborn screening for inherited metabolic disorders. DBS offers a number of advantages over conventional blood collection. As a less invasive sampling method, DBS offers simpler sample collection and storage and easier transfer, with reduced infection risk of various pathogens, and requires a smaller blood volume. To date, DBS-LC-MS/MS has emerged as an important method for quantitative analysis of small molecules. Despite the increasing popularity of DBS-LC-MS/MS, the method has its limitations in assay sensitivity due to the small sample size. Sample quality is often a concern. Systematic assessment on the potential impact of various blood sample properties on accurate quantification of analyte of interest is necessary. Whereas most analytes may be stable on DBS, unstable compounds present another challenge for DBS as enzyme inhibitors cannot be conveniently mixed during sample collection. Improvements on the chemistry of DBS card are desirable. In addition to capturing many representative DBS-LS-MS/MS applications, this review highlights some important aspects of developing and validating a rugged DBS-LC-MS/MS method for quantitative analysis of small molecules along with DBS sample collection, processing and storage.
Consider the GPS for biomedical applications (1996)

One important field of research in biology is the study of the mechanisms that govern orientation and navigation of living objects in a natural environment. For this purpose, experimental techniques for localization and reconstructing a given path as a function of time are of fundamental importance. The most attractive of these techniques is certainly satellite-based. Recent developments in the Navigation System Time and Range (NAVSTAR) for the Global Positioning System (GPS) have given rise to some very interesting applications for biology and medicine. Global Positioning Systems are space-based radio positioning systems that provide 24 hour, three-dimensional position, velocity and time information to suitably equipped users anywhere on or near the surface of the earth. Here we refer to NAVSTAR GPS, operated by the U.S. Department of Defense, which is the first GPS widely available to civilian users. A system could be designed that reconstructs the path of a free ranging animal using a GPS receiver carried by the animal itself. The receiver would be operated in a continous navigation mode and record successive position data, which are then analyzed at the end of the experiment. Such an experimental technique would not suffer from the typical constraints of visual, radio, and radar techniques, where the required "electromagnetic" link between the observer and the animal limits the monitoring range and may be heavily impaired by the nature of the surrounding environment.
Processes of synthesis of 1-butene from 2-butene by the positional isomerization on sulfocation exchangers (2009)

Obtaining of individual 1-butene and 2-butenes from the butane-butene fractions can be processed sufficiently effectively by combining positional isomerization of alkenes on the sulfocation exchanger catalysts and careful rectification. At 50–60°C is reached the equilibrium with the ratio of the sum of 2-butenes to 1-butene ∼20:1. The relatively high-boiling 2-butenes are enough completely separated by rectification of 1-butene, and isobutane from the harmful impurities (butadiene and isobutene). The reverse isomerization of the purified 2-butene into 1-butene with the continuous distillation of the latter makes it possible to obtain pure 1-butene with a very low prime cost.
The Plasma Membrane Calcium Pump in Pancreatic Cancer Cells Exhibiting the Warburg Effect Relies on Glycolytic ATP (2015)

Evidence suggests that the plasma membrane Ca(2+)-ATPase (PMCA), which is critical for maintaining a low intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]i), utilizes glycolytically derived ATP in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and that inhibition of glycolysis in PDAC cell lines results in ATP depletion, PMCA inhibition, and an irreversible [Ca(2+)]i overload. We explored whether this is a specific weakness of highly glycolytic PDAC by shifting PDAC cell (MIA PaCa-2 and PANC-1) metabolism from a highly glycolytic phenotype toward mitochondrial metabolism and assessing the effects of mitochondrial versus glycolytic inhibitors on ATP depletion, PMCA inhibition, and [Ca(2+)]i overload. The highly glycolytic phenotype of these cells was first reversed by depriving MIA PaCa-2 and PANC-1 cells of glucose and supplementing with α-ketoisocaproate or galactose. These culture conditions resulted in a significant decrease in both glycolytic flux and proliferation rate, and conferred resistance to ATP depletion by glycolytic inhibition while sensitizing cells to mitochondrial inhibition. Moreover, in direct contrast to cells exhibiting a high glycolytic rate, glycolytic inhibition had no effect on PMCA activity and resting [Ca(2+)]i in α-ketoisocaproate- and galactose-cultured cells, suggesting that the glycolytic dependence of the PMCA is a specific vulnerability of PDAC cells exhibiting the Warburg phenotype.
Jon F. Nussbaum, Teresa Thompson and James D. Robinson, Communication and Aging, Harper &amp; Row, New York, 1989, 270 pp., $18.00, ISBN 0 060 46684 7. (1991)

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Leg Coordination Mechanisms in the Stick Insect Applied to Hexapod Robot Locomotion (1993)

Three of the mechanisms believed to be responsible for leg coordination in the stick insect, Carausius morosus, are used to control the straight-line locomotion of a hexapod robot on a smooth surface. The robot walks with a continuum of statically stable insectlike gaits in response to a single, scalar user input that controls the speed of locomotion. This control strategy is highly robust in the sense that the controller continues to maintain its basic function of causing the robot to walk effectively despite large perturbations to the controller. This controller robustness was demonstrated by inducing a wide variety of lesions (severing of connections) and performing parameter sensitivity studies.
Pattern-based reverse-engineering of design components (1999)

Article Free Access Share on Pattern-based reverse-engineering of design components Authors: Rudolf K. Keller Département IRO, Université de Montéal, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 357, Canada Département IRO, Université de Montéal, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 357, CanadaView Profile , Reinhard Schauer Département IRO, Université de Montéal, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 357, Canada Département IRO, Université de Montéal, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 357, CanadaView Profile , Sébastien Robitaille Département IRO, Université de Montéal, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 357, Canada Département IRO, Université de Montéal, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 357, CanadaView Profile , Patrick Pagé Département IRO, Université de Montéal, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 357, Canada Département IRO, Université de Montéal, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 357, CanadaView Profile Authors Info & Claims ICSE '99: Proceedings of the 21st international conference on Software engineeringMay 1999 Pages 226–235https://doi.org/10.1145/302405.302622Published:16 May 1999Publication History 139citation2,382DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations139Total Downloads2,382Last 12 Months197Last 6 weeks65 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF