gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A phase I study of etoposide phosphate plus paclitaxel. (1996)

Etoposide phosphate (Etopophos; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ) is a water-soluble derivative of etoposide, a semisynthetic podophyllotoxin that is important in the treatment of a variety of malignancies, including lung cancer, germ cell tumors, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, acute leukemia, etc. Because etoposide is poorly water soluble, it must be dissolved in a polysorbate 80-based solvent mixture, which is moderately allergenic and requires a large volume of saline for administration. Etoposide phosphate is water soluble and is rapidly converted in vivo to etoposide by endogenous phosphatases. Because it is water soluble, etoposide phosphate can be administered in volumes much smaller than those required with etoposide therapy, permitting rapid intravenous administration in the outpatient setting. We recently reported the results of a phase I study using etoposide phosphate on a bolus, daily x 5 schedule. Like others, we demonstrated that etoposide phosphate has pharmacokinetic properties virtually identical to those of etoposide. Our dose-finding study indicated that etoposide phosphate can be used in doses up to 100 mg/m2/d x 5 every 3 weeks in patients who have not had extensive prior chemotherapy, and that a dose of 75 mg/m2 would be appropriate for patients who had undergone multiple prior therapies or who had prior radiotherapy. The dose-limiting toxicity was neutropenia. Paclitaxel, a microtubule-stabilizing agent, is active against a variety of solid and hematopoietic malignancies that overlap with those against which etoposide is active. Because the mechanisms of action of these two agents differ, it is logical to suppose that the combination of the two agents might produce some additive effect when used to treat cancers that respond to both individual agents. We therefore undertook a phase I study using paclitaxel as a 3-hour infusion in combination with a 5-minute infusion of etoposide phosphate daily x 3 every 21 days. We used the 3-hour paclitaxel schedule because it has been shown to be less myelotoxic than longer infusions at the same doses. Our goal in this ongoing study is to determine the maximum tolerated doses of the two drugs in combination, to determine the toxicities of the regimen, and to assess its anticancer activity.
Myth, Magic, Witchcraft, or Fact? Aloe vera Revisited (1982)

The beneficial effects of Aloe vera extract have been examined experimentally. In order to ascertain the distribution of the chemical constituents present in Aloe vera that may exhibit these beneficial effects, a complete chemical analysis was first performed. Inorganic substances (eg, sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, and inorganic phosphorus) along with organic compounds (eg, glucose, protein, cholesterol, triglycerides, and salicylic acid) were found to be present. Trace metal analysis revealed that magnesium and zinc were also present. The bactericidal effects of the extract were also examined. Concentrations as low as 60% were found to be bactericidal against nine of the 12 species of organisms tested. These were Citrobacter sp., Serratia marcescens, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes. Streptococcus agalactiae, and Candida albicans. The remaining three species, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus faecalis, and Bacillus subtilis, all exhibited some resistance to the 60% concentration. However, all of these were susceptible to concentrations of 80% and 90%. A cream base containing 70% o/Aloe vera extract was found to be most effective in preserving the dermal microcirculation after thermal injury. This compound was demonstrated to inhibit some of the products of arachidonic acid metabolism such as thromboxane B, and to limit the production of prostaglandin F/x, thus preventing progressive dermal ischemia. These experimental data clearly show that the effects elicited by the Aloe vera extract are truly beneficial in a burn wound
The value of prior knowledge in discovering motifs with MEME. (1995)

MEME is a tool for discovering motifs in sets of protein or DNA sequences. This paper describes several extensions to MEME which increase its ability to find motifs in a totally unsupervised fashion, but which also allow it to benefit when prior knowledge is available. When no background knowledge is asserted. MEME obtains increased robustness from a method for determining motif widths automatically, and from probabilistic models that allow motifs to be absent in some input sequences. On the other hand, MEME can exploit prior knowledge about a motif being present in all input sequences, about the length of a motif and whether it is a palindrome, and (using Dirichlet mixtures) about expected patterns in individual motif positions. Extensive experiments are reported which support the claim that MEME benefits from, but does not require, background knowledge. The experiments use seven previously studied DNA and protein sequence families and 75 of the protein families documented in the Prosite database of sites and patterns, Release 11.1.
Applications of Time-Domain Back-Projection SAR Processing in the Airborne Case (2008)

The Back-Projection Algorithm is a SAR processing approach that uses time-domain convolution of the SAR data in order to perform SAR focusing. Some benefits of this approach are exact inversion, ideal motion compensation including topography information and handling of general aperture geometries. The implementation of the Back-Projection Algorithm was done focusing on the parallelization aspects. Applications of the algorithm are presented with respect to topography adaptive processing, direct generation of map projections and consideration of non linear trajectories.
p<sub>H</sub>-Dependent Fluorescence Spectra of 3-Substituted Umbelliferones (1977)

Abstract Fluorescence data of 3-ethoxycarbonyl-, 3-acetyl-, 3-phephyl-, 4-methyl-3-phenyl-, 3-(2-benzothiazolyl) -and 3-cyanosubstituted 7-hydroxycoumarines are reported as a function of acidity (p H 0 - 9). Unlike umbelliferone or its 4-methyl derivative they do not exhibit significant photoautomerism in acidified solutions, but with the exception of the benzothiazolyl derivative. This behaviour can be interpreted in terms of a) steric hindrance by the substituent and b) enhanced charge delocalisation in the first excited singlet state, leading to lower basicities at the ring carbonyl oxygen.
Timestamping after commit (2002)

Many applications need transaction-consistent pictures of past states of the database. These applications use the commit time of the transaction to timestamp the data. When a transaction is distributed, the cohorts must vote on a commit time and the coordinator must choose a commit time based on the votes of the cohorts. This implies that timestamps are applied after commit. Until the timestamps are on all the records, one must keep a table of all the committed transaction identifiers and their commit times. The main problem solved is that of determining when all timestamps corresponding to a given transaction have been placed in the records so that a committed transaction entry can be erased from the table. This information must be stable. Logging and recovery details are included.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Recent Advance in Tumor-associated Carbohydrate Antigens (TACAs)-based Antitumor Vaccines (2016)

Cancer cells can be distinguished from normal cells by displaying aberrant levels and types of carbohydrate structures on their surfaces. These carbohydrate structures are known as tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs). TACAs were considered as promising targets for the design of anticancer vaccines. Unfortunately, carbohydrates alone can only evoke poor immunogenicity because they are unable to induce T-cell-dependent immune responses, which is critical for cancer therapy. Moreover, immunotolerance and immunosuppression are easily induced by using natural occurring TACAs as antigens due to their endogenous property. This review summarizes the recent strategies to overcome these obstacles: (1) covalently coupling TACAs to proper carriers to improve immunogenicity, including clustered or multivalent conjugate vaccines, (2) coupling TACAs to T-cell peptide epitopes or the built-in adjuvant to form multicomponent glycoconjugate vaccines, and (3) developing vaccines based on chemically modified TACAs, which is combined with metabolic engineering of cancer cells.
Therapeutic Antibodies for Brain Disorders (2011)

The enzyme β-secretase (BACE1) remains an important potential disease-modifying target for developing drugs to treat Alzheimer's disease. However, finding selective BACE1 inhibitors that can penetrate the brain has proved challenging. In this issue of Science Translational Medicine, a pair of studies describes a new approach to inhibiting BACE1 using a human monoclonal antibody that uses receptor-mediated transcytosis to cross the blood brain barrier (Atwal et al. and Yu et al.). The authors engineer a low-affinity bispecific monoclonal antibody targeting both BACE1 and the transferrin receptor and show that this antibody enters the brain more readily and inhibits BACE1 activity more efficiently than does a monospecific antibody against BACE1 alone. These findings should stimulate attempts to use receptor-mediated transcytosis to increase brain uptake of therapeutic antibodies for a variety of brain disorders.
Levodopa and dopamine analogs: melanin precursors as antitumor agents in experimental human and murine leukemia. (1979)

L-Dopa methyl ester has been shown to be a novel antitumor agent. Furthermore, the L-dopa analogs, D-dopa, alpha-methyldopa, and dopamine, also exhibit significant antitumor activity in the L1210 and P388 lymphocytic leukemia systems. Structure-activity studies confirmed that the presence of a catechol moiety was essential for activity. Two analogs, 3,4-dihydroxybenzylamine and N-acetyldopamine, which were much less neurotoxic, exhibited the greatest antitumor activity. In vitro, at concentrations from 0.5 to 3.0 mM, there is a rapid and profound inhibition of radiolabeled thymidine incorporation as compared to uridine or leucine incorporation. Continuous exposure of exponentor up to 24 hours resulted in a block of traverse of cells through the cell cycle in G1 coupled with a depletion of cells with a G2 complement of DNA. In vivo, toxicity of these compounds appears to be mediated principally by conversion to dopamine. Similar effects upon thymidine incorporation were observed in human leukemia cells in vitro.
PatchMatch-Based Content Completion of Stereo Image Pairs (2012)

This paper presents a method for completing target regions ("hole filling") in RGB stereo pairs. It builds upon the state of the art for completing single images by matching to and then blending source patches drawn from the rest of the image. A method is introduced for first completing the respective disparity maps using a coupled partial differential equation based on that of Bertalmio, et al., extended to create mutual disparity consistency. Estimated disparities are then used to guide completion of the missing color image texture. An extension to the coherence-based objective function introduced by Wexler, et al. is then introduced, which not only encourages coherence of the respective images with respect to source images but also stereoscopic consistency between the two. The Patch Match algorithm of Barnes, et al. is extended to cross-image searching and matching. This matching is capable of automatically copying from corresponding unoccluded portions of the other image without requiring an explicit preliminary warping step. Stereoscopic consistency is produced by giving preference to matches with cross-image consistency when blending source patches. Results demonstrate that this method produces better completion than either single-image completion or previous methods for stereo completion.
Site‐Specific Labelling of Proteins with a Rigid Lanthanide‐Binding Tag (2006)

This paper describes a generic method for the site-specific attachment of lanthanide complexes to proteins through a disulfide bond. The method is demonstrated by the attachment of a lanthanide-binding peptide tag to the single cysteine residue present in the N-terminal DNA-binding domain of the Escherichia coli arginine repressor. Complexes with Y(3+), Tb(3+), Dy(3+), Ho(3+), Er(3+), Tm(3+) and Yb(3+) ions were formed and analysed by NMR spectroscopy. Large pseudocontact shifts and residual dipolar couplings were induced by the lanthanide-binding tag in the protein NMR spectrum, a result indicating that the tag was rigidly attached to the protein. The axial components of the magnetic susceptibility anisotropy tensors determined for the different lanthanide ions were similarly but not identically oriented. A single tag with a single protein attachment site can provide different pseudocontact shifts from different magnetic susceptibility tensors and thus provide valuable nondegenerate long-range structure information in the determination of 3D protein structures by NMR spectroscopy.
Impact of national malaria control scale-up programmes in Africa: magnitude and attribution of effects (2010)

Several factors potentially have contributed to recent health improvement in African countries, but there is substantial evidence that achieving high malaria control intervention coverage, especially with ITNs and targeted IRS, has been the leading contributor to reduced child mortality. The documented impact provides the evidence required to support a global commitment to the expansion and long-term investment in malaria control to sustain and increase the health impact that malaria control is producing in Africa.
IBM smart surveillance system (S3): a open and extensible framework for event based surveillance (2006)

As smart surveillance technology becomes a critical component in security infrastructures, the system architecture assumes a critical importance. This paper considers the example of smart surveillance in an airport environment. We start with a threat model for airports and use this to derive the security requirements. These requirements are used to motivate an open-standards based architecture for surveillance. We discuss the critical aspects of this architecture and its implementation in the IBM S3 smart surveillance system. Demo results from a pilot deployment in Hawthorne, NY are presented.
Structure and motion from uncalibrated catadioptric views (2005)

In this paper we present a new algorithm for structure from motion from point correspondences in images taken from uncalibrated catadioptric cameras with parabolic mirrors. We assume that the unknown intrinsic parameters are three: the combined focal length of the mirror and lens and the intersection of the optical axis with the image. We introduce a new representation for images of points and lines in catadioptric images which we call the circle space. This circle space includes imaginary circles, one of which is the image of the absolute conic. We formulate the epipolar constraint in this space and establish a new 4/spl times/4 catadioptric fundamental matrix. We show that the image of the absolute conic belongs to the kernel of this matrix. This enables us to prove that Euclidean reconstruction is feasible from two views with constant parameters and from three views with varying parameters. In both cases, it is one less than the number of views necessary with perspective cameras.
Enhanced interleaved partitioning PTS for peak-to-average power ratio reduction in OFDM systems (2006)

The independence of the candidates generated in the existing interleaved partitioning partial transmit sequences (IP-PTS) is first investigated. The result shows that these candidates are not fully independent, which leads to performance inferior to the adjacent partitioning PTS (AP-PTS) in which all the generated candidates are mutually independent. To improve the performance of the IP-PTS in peak-to-average power ratio reduction, a novel type of phase sequences for IP-PTS is proposed that can be used to produce fully independent candidates so that IP-PTS can achieve similar performance to AP-PTS, while keeping low complexity.
[Diagnosis and etiology of Barrett esophagus. Presence of gastrin secreting cells (G cells)]. (1985)

We present the patterns for the diagnosis, checking the clinical, radiological, endoscopical and histological data of 35 patients suffering from Barrett's Esophagus (BE) (columnar metaplasia lining the lower esophagus). The clinical characteristics are those of a severe esophagitis of long evolution, although metaplasia itself is asymptomatic, and its features depend on the inflammation degree. Radiology can bring out some data as GE reflux, hiatal hernia, ulcers or stricture, and perhaps double contrast may show any sign by means of which endobrachyesophagus (EBE) can be suspected. Endoscopy provides us with accurate data about EBE, ulcers, stricture and inflammation. Histology reveals the type of columnar metaplasia (junctional or cardial, gastric fundic, intestinal or specialized, or composite). Acquired or congenital etiology can be clarified by an immunohistochemical method, Peroxidase anti-Peroxidase (PAP), showing the presence of gastrin secretory cells (G cells) in the congenital cases.
GG: A domain involved in phage LTF apparatus and implicated in human MEB and non‐syndromic hearing loss diseases (2006)

Here, we report the identification of a novel domain--GG (domain in KIAA1199, FAM3, POMGnT1 and Tmem2 proteins, with two well-conserved glycine residues), present in eukaryotic FAM3 superfamily (FAM3A, FAM3B, FAM3C and FAM3D), POMGnT1 (protein O-linked mannose beta-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase), TEM2 proteins as well as phage gp35 proteins. GG domain has been revealed to be implicated in muscle-eye-brain disease and non-syndromic hearing loss. The presence of GG domain in Bacteriophage gp35 hinge connector of long tail fiber might reflect the horizontal gene transfer from organisms. And we proposed that GG domain might function as important structural element in phage LTF.
An amino-terminal c-myc domain required for neoplastic transformation activates transcription. (1990)

The product of the c-myc proto-oncogene is a nuclear phosphoprotein whose normal cellular function has not yet been defined. c-Myc has a number of biochemical properties, however, that suggest that it may function as a potential regulator of gene transcription. Specifically, it is a nuclear DNA-binding protein with a short half-life, a high proline content, segments that are rich in glutamine and acidic residues, and a carboxyl-terminal oligomerization domain containing the leucine zipper and helix-loop-helix motifs that serve as oligomerization domains in known regulators of transcription, such as C/EBP, Jun, Fos, GCN4, MyoD, E12, and E47. In an effort to establish that c-Myc might regulate transcription in vivo, we sought to determine whether regions of the c-Myc protein could activate transcription in an in vitro system. We report here that fusion proteins in which segments of human c-Myc are linked to the DNA-binding domain of the yeast transcriptional activator GAL4 can activate transcription from a reporter gene linked to GAL4-binding sites. Three independent activation regions are located between amino acids 1 and 143, a region that has been shown to be required for neoplastic transformation of primary rat embryo cells in cooperation with a mutated ras gene. These results demonstrate that domains of the c-Myc protein can function to regulate transcription in a model system and suggest that alterations of Myc transcriptional regulatory function may lead to neoplastic transformation.
Significance of Eosinophilia in Chronic Rhinosinusitis (2002)

CRS patients with serum eosinophilia have a worse prognosis when compared with controls. Patients with eosinophilia should be counseled appropriately, and the physician should be aware of the chronicity of disease.
Selective Growth of Si Nanowire Arrays via Galvanic Displacement Processes in Water-in-Oil Microemulsions (2005)

Galvanic displacement processes are employed in water-in-oil microemulsions to deposit gold nanoclusters selectively on Si surfaces and sidewalls. The gold clusters then serve as catalysts to achieve selective growth of vertically and laterally aligned Si nanowire arrays by chemical vapor deposition via the vapor-liquid-solid growth mechanism. The size of the gold clusters is shown to have a good correlation with the microemulsion parameters, which in turn controls the size of the synthesized nanowires.
Some material for a campaign in support of radiation sciences. (1996)

As we enter 1996, less than 2 months after the centennial of the discovery of X rays, the prospects for radiation sciences have dimmed abruptly. Ever since the Manhattan Project and the Atomic Energy Act, the Department of Energy and its predecessor agencies have had the lead responsibility for research in radiation physics, chemistry and biology and a major role in radiation medicine. The research has been carried out in the National Laboratories, where many of the special radiation sources were built, at smaller dedicated laboratories and at universities. The success of these programs which have contributed considerably to science in general should be a matter of great pride to the Department of Energy. In the past, that pride was evident. Since the initiation of the genome program at DOE by Dr. C. DeLisi, the emphasis on radiation research supported by the Office of Health and Environmental Research (OHER) has declined. This change in priorities was not only continued but accelerated by his successor, Dr. D. Galas, and by the current associate director of OHER, Dr. A. Patrinos.
Spatio-temporal analysis in smoke detection (2009)

Smoke detection in video surveillance images has been studied for years. However, given an image in open or large spaces with typical smoke and the disturbance of commonly moving objects such as pedestrians or vehicles, robust and efficient smoke detection is still a challenging problem. In this paper, we present a novel and reliable framework for automatic smoke detection. It exploits three features: edge blurring, the gradual change of energy and the gradual change of chromatic configuration. In order to gain proper generalization ability with respect to sparse training samples, the three features are combined using a support vector machine based classifier. This system has been run more than 6 hours in various conditions to verify the reliability of fire safety in the real world.
THE PHOTODEGRADATION OF PORPHYRINS IN CELLS CAN BE USED TO ESTIMATE THE LIFETIME OF SINGLET OXYGEN (1991)

NHIK 3025 cells were incubated with Photofrin II (PII) and/or tetra (3-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin (3THPP) and exposed to light at either 400 or 420 nm, i.e. at the wavelengths of the maxima of the fluorescence excitation spectra of the two dyes. The kinetics of the photodegradation of the dyes were studied. When present separately in the cells the two dyes are photodegraded with a similar quantum yield. 3THPP is degraded 3-6 times more efficiently by light quanta absorbed by the fluorescent fraction of 3THPP than by light quanta absorbed by the fluorescent fraction of PII present in the same cells. The distance diffused by the reactive intermediate, supposedly mainly 1O2, causing the photodegradation was estimated to be on the order of 0.01-0.02 micron, which corresponds to a lifetime of 0.01-0.04 microsecond of the intermediate in the cells. PII has binding sites at proteins in the cells as shown by an energy transfer band in the fluorescence excitation spectrum at 290 nm. During light exposure this band decays faster than the Soret band of PII under the present conditions. Photoproducts (1O2 etc.) generated at one binding site contribute significantly in the destruction of remote binding sites.