gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clues for Understanding the Structure and Function of a Prototypic Human Integrin: The Platelet Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Complex (1994)

The glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa, a Ca(2+)-dependent heterodimer, is the major integrin on the platelet plasma membrane. On resting platelets GPIIb/IIIa is maintained in an inactive conformation and serves as a low affinity adhesion receptor for surface-coated fibrinogen, whereas upon platelet activation signals within the cytoplasma alter the receptor function of GPIIb/IIIa (inside-out signalling), which undergoes a measurable conformational change within its exoplasmic domains, and becomes a competent receptor for soluble fibrinogen and some other RGD sequence-containing plasma adhesive proteins. Upon ligand binding, further structural alterations trigger the association of receptor-occupied GPIIb/IIIa complexes with themselves within the plane of the membrane. The simultaneous binding of dimeric fibrinogen molecules to GPIIb/IIIa clusters on adjacent platelets leads to platelet aggregation, which promotes attachment of fibrinogen-GPIIb/IIIa clusters to the cytoskeleton (outside-in signalling). This, in turn, provides the necessary physical link for clot retraction to occur, and generates a cascade of intracellular biochemical reactions which result in the formation of a multiprotein signalling complex at the cytoplasmic domains of GPIIb/IIIa. Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa, also called alpha IIb beta 3 in the integrin nomenclature, plays thus a primary role in both platelet adhesion and thrombus formation at the site of vascular injury. In addition, the human glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex is the most thoroughly studied integrin receptor, its molecular biology and major features of its primary structure having been elucidated mainly during the last six years. Furthermore, localization of functionally relevant monoclonal antibody epitopes, determination of the cross-linking sites of inhibitory peptide ligands, proteolytic dissection of the isolated integrin, and analysis of natural and artificial GPIIb/IIIa mutants have recently provided a wealth of information regarding structure-function relationships of human GPIIb/IIIa. The aim of this review is to summarize these many structural and functional data in the perspective of an emerging model. Although most of the interpretations based on structural elements of this initial biochemical model require independent confirmation, they may help us to understand the structure-function relationship of this major platelet receptor, and of other members of the integrin superfamily, as well as to perform further investigations in order to test current hypotheses.
INCREASING INCIDENCE OF ALL STAGES OF KIDNEY CANCER IN THE LAST 2 DECADES IN THE UNITED STATES: AN ANALYSIS OF SURVEILLANCE, EPIDEMIOLOGY AND END RESULTS PROGRAM DATA (2002)

There was no significant difference in stage at presentation of renal cancer diagnosed in 1973 to 1985 compared with that diagnosed in 1986 to 1998. While the lack of a decrease in distant disease despite the increased detection of regional and localized renal cancer implies that a proportion of innocuous renal cancer cases may be detected by increased abdominal imaging, the increased incidence of renal cancer in all 3 categories indicates that other factors may also be contributing to the increasing incidence of renal cancer.
Establishment of stem cell identity in theDrosophila germline (1997)

In the adult Drosophila ovary the continuous production of eggs depends upon a small group of stem cells located at the anterior tip of the germarium. These stem cells divide asymmetrically to self renew and to generate a cystoblast, which in females is committed to the oocyte differentiation pathway. While much is known about the development of poststem cell cystoblasts, little is known about when stem cells are formed or how their identity is initially established. To investigate these questions we have used the P-M hybrid dysgenesis syndrome as a tool for ablating the "pre-stem cell" progenitors of the stem cells. Our experiments indicate that the pre-stem cells in females assume stem cell identity during the early pupal stage. Our results also suggest a model in which at least two pre-stem cells must be present within an ovariole for the specification of stem cell fate. When only a single pre-stem cell is sequestered by an ovariole, this cell does not assume stem cell identity, but instead follows the cystoblast-cystocyte differentiation pathway.
Persistence of botulinum neurotoxin action in cultured spinal cord cells<sup>1,2</sup> (1999)

Primary dissociated fetal mouse spinal cord cultures were used to study the mechanisms underlying the differences in persistence of botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) and botulinum neurotoxin/E (BoNT/E) activities. Spinal cord cultures were exposed to BoNT/A (0.4 pM) for 2-3 days, which converted approximately half of the SNAP-25 to an altered form lacking the final nine C-terminal residues. The distribution of toxin-damaged to control SNAP-25 remained relatively unchanged for up to 80 days thereafter. Application of a high concentration of BoNT/E (250 pM) either 25 or 60 days following initial intoxication with BoNT/A converted both normal and BoNT/A-truncated SNAP-25 into a single population lacking the final 26 C-terminal residues. Excess BoNT/E was removed by washout, and recovery of intact SNAP-25 was monitored by Western blot analysis. The BoNT/E-truncated species gradually diminished during the ensuing 18 days, accompanied by the reappearance of both normal and BoNT/A-truncated SNAP-25. Return of BoNT/A-truncated SNAP-25 was observed in spite of the absence of BoNT/A in the culture medium during all but the first 3 days of exposure. These results indicate that proteolytic activity associated with the BoNT/A light chain persists inside cells for > 11 weeks, while recovery from BoNT/E is complete in < 3 weeks. This longer duration of enzymatic activity appears to account for the persistence of serotype A action.
Identification and characterization of three distinct families of glycoprotein complexes in the envelopes of human cytomegalovirus (1988)

Several disulfide-linked glycoprotein complexes were identified in the envelope of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). These glycoprotein complexes were fractionated by rate-zonal centrifugation in sucrose density gradients in the presence of detergents. Fractionated glycoproteins and complexes were immunoprecipitated with three different monoclonal antibodies specific for HCMV glycoproteins and a rabbit polyclonal antiserum prepared against detergent-extracted virion and dense-body envelope glycoproteins. Three distinct families of disulfide-linked glycoprotein complexes were observed and designated glycoprotein complex gcI, gcII, and gcIII. The gcI family, recognized by monoclonal antibody 41C2 under nonreducing conditions, consisted of three complexes with approximate molecular masses of 250 to 300, 190, and 160 kilodaltons (kDa). These complexes consistently sediment more rapidly than other HCMV glycoproteins or complexes in sucrose density gradients. Upon reduction of the gcI family, two size classes of glycoproteins with average molecular masses of 93 to 130 and 55 kDa were observed. The gcII family was recognized by monoclonal antibody 9E10. Under nonreducing conditions, as many as six electrophoretic forms were observed for gcII. When reduced, the major component of the gcII family was a heterogeneous glycoprotein designated gp47-52. The gcIII family was recognized by monoclonal antibody 1G6. It consisted of a complex of approximately 240 kDa without reduction of disulfide bonds. When reduced, two glycoprotein size classes with average molecular masses of 145 and 86 kDa were observed. Polyclonal antiserum R-7 reacted strongly with the gcI and gcIII families, but weakly with the gcII family.
Prostatic fluid concentrations of isoflavonoids in soy consumers are sufficient to inhibit growth of benign and malignant prostatic epithelial cells in vitro (2005)

The profound differences in sensitivities of prostatic epithelial cells to these compounds along with their synergistic effects suggest that multiple metabolites in vivo may be optimal for preventing prostate cancer.
Site-specific analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 glycan shield (2020)

Abstract The emergence of the betacoronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 that causes COVID-19, represents a significant threat to global human health. Vaccine development is focused on the principal target of the humoral immune response, the spike (S) glycoprotein, that mediates cell entry and membrane fusion. SARS-CoV-2 S gene encodes 22 N-linked glycan sequons per protomer, which likely play a role in immune evasion and occluding immunogenic protein epitopes. Here, using a site-specific mass spectrometric approach, we reveal the glycan structures on a recombinant SARS-CoV-2 S immunogen. This analysis enables mapping of the glycan-processing states across the trimeric viral spike. We show how SARS-CoV-2 S glycans differ from typical host glycan processing, which may have implications in viral pathobiology and vaccine design.
Transient-induced latchup testing of CMOS integrated circuits (1995)

This paper presents a methodology for testing CMOS integrated circuits for latchup susceptibility using transient stimulation. It combines the best features of the current injection, overvoltage, and supply slew rate tests into one efficient testing sequence. Special requirements for device under test (DUT) power supplies used in this application are introduced.
Adaptive camera regulation for investigation of real scenes (1996)

An adaptive strategy for regulating the intrinsic parameters of a charge coupled device (CCD) visual camera is presented. The parameter regulation procedure is based on the computation of the "quality" of an acquired signal by means of a set of functions which estimate the goodness of the datum. Each function performs a quantitative evaluation by computing several features derived from the high-frequency content of an image or from the histogram analysis. The regulation strategy uses such values to compute the actual values of the camera parameters, i.e., focusing distance, aperture diameter, electronic gain, and black level. Moreover, the same strategy can be applied both to the whole image and to smaller subareas, therefore providing a focus-of-attention mechanism. This is useful for automatic investigation and control of environments subject to dynamically changing conditions (e.g., illumination and structure of a scene), whenever it is not possible to interact directly with such environments.
Engineering of GlcNAc-1-Phosphotransferase for Production of Highly Phosphorylated Lysosomal Enzymes for Enzyme Replacement Therapy (2017)

Several lysosomal enzymes currently used for enzyme replacement therapy in patients with lysosomal storage diseases contain very low levels of mannose 6-phosphate, limiting their uptake via mannose 6-phosphate receptors on the surface of the deficient cells. These enzymes are produced at high levels by mammalian cells and depend on endogenous GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase α/β precursor to phosphorylate the mannose residues on their glycan chains. We show that co-expression of an engineered truncated GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase α/β precursor and the lysosomal enzyme of interest in the producing cells resulted in markedly increased phosphorylation and cellular uptake of the secreted lysosomal enzyme. This method also results in the production of highly phosphorylated acid β-glucocerebrosidase, a lysosomal enzyme that normally has just trace amounts of this modification.
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING OF HEART IN CLINICAL PRACTICE (2013)

Literature review analyzes the current role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis and monitoring of heart disease. There are the major indications and contraindications to the use of the method, the possibility of MRI diagnosis in different myocardial and valves pathology.
GDS-a group decision system for teams (2002)

GDS is a software package for problem resolution, discussion, and tradeoff negotiation. GDS provides a graphical interface for developing a discussion in the public view of the participants. A problem announced by a discussion leader is the starting point; it must have one or more customer criteria. Starting from there, participants propose various solutions. Solutions may be buttressed by supporting arguments or rebutted by contra arguments. Evidence can be adduced for any argument. Problem, solution, argument, and evidence nodes can have multimedia attachments, including sound and graphics. Finally a voting procedure enables the group to arrive at the best solution, based on the measure of satisfaction of the customer criteria set forth at the beginning of the discussion.
Mask R-CNN with Pyramid Attention Network for Scene Text Detection (2018)

In this paper, we present a new Mask R-CNN based text detection approach which can robustly detect multi-oriented and curved text from natural scene images in a unified manner. To enhance the feature representation ability of Mask R-CNN for text detection tasks, we propose to use the Pyramid Attention Network (PAN) as a new backbone network of Mask R-CNN. Experiments demonstrate that PAN can suppress false alarms caused by text-like backgrounds more effectively. Our proposed approach has achieved superior performance on both multi-oriented (ICDAR-2015, ICDAR-2017 MLT) and curved (SCUT-CTW1500) text detection benchmark tasks by only using single-scale and single-model testing.
Clinical Significance of Minimal Residual Disease in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (1998)

Residual leukemia after induction of a remission is a powerful prognostic factor in childhood ALL. Detection of residual disease by PCR should be used to identify patients at risk for relapse and should be taken into account in considering alternative treatment.
Huntington disease skeletal muscle is hyperexcitable owing to chloride and potassium channel dysfunction (2013)

Huntington disease is a progressive and fatal genetic disorder with debilitating motor and cognitive defects. Chorea, rigidity, dystonia, and muscle weakness are characteristic motor defects of the disease that are commonly attributed to central neurodegeneration. However, no previous study has examined the membrane properties that control contraction in Huntington disease muscle. We show primary defects in ex vivo adult skeletal muscle from the R6/2 transgenic mouse model of Huntington disease. Action potentials in diseased fibers are more easily triggered and prolonged than in fibers from WT littermates. Furthermore, some action potentials in the diseased fibers self-trigger. These defects occur because of decreases in the resting chloride and potassium conductances. Consistent with this, the expression of the muscle chloride channel, ClC-1, in Huntington disease muscle was compromised by improper splicing and a corresponding reduction in total Clcn1 (gene for ClC-1) mRNA. Additionally, the total Kcnj2 (gene for the Kir2.1 potassium channel) mRNA was reduced in disease muscle. The resulting muscle hyperexcitability causes involuntary and prolonged contractions that may contribute to the chorea, rigidity, and dystonia that characterize Huntington disease.
헤어밴드의 압력과 자극 위치 및 자극음 종류에 따른 골전도 역치 변화 (2012)

This study sought to estimate bone-conducted hearing sensitivity as static force levels of the oscillator as well as identify the most
sensitive bone-conducted location on the human head when stimulated by tone and speech stimuli. In Experiment I, 24 young normal
hearing listeners responded to bone-conducted thresholds ranging from 250 to 8,000 Hz in three placement locations: the forehead
and the left and right mastoids. At each location and across all participants, the static force applied to various forces related to the
individual’s head size (i.e., Hooke’s raw). The results of this experiment indicated that increased static force would not significantly
cause more sensitive (or lower) thresholds. Thresholds of the forehead placement were less sensitive than both mastoids. Experiment
II involved 24 young normal hearing listeners to determine the bone-conducted hearing thresholds at five placements (i.e., condyle,
jaw angle, mastoid, temple, vertex) of the head, using tones ranging from 500 to 6,000 Hz and spondee words. The results indicated
that the condyle and vertex are the most and least sensitive placements, respectively, regardless of tone and speech stimuli. Such
information may be extended to future series of studies related to develop effective bone-conduction communication devices under
harmful noisy conditions as well as contribute to the development of a computational model of bone-conducted sound transmission
pathways in the human skull.
Bronchodilating Effect of Intravenous Magnesium Sulfate in Bronchial Asthma (1987)

The bronchodilating effect of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) was studied in ten asthmatic patients with mild attacks. In five patients, 0.5 mmol/min of MgSO4 was administered intravenously for 20 minutes, and the time courses of respiratory resistance, forced vital capacity, and forced expiratory volume at 1 s were studied. In another five patients, MgSO4 dose-response curves were obtained. Soon after administration began, MgSO4 relieved bronchoconstriction in a dose-dependent manner. Maximum responses (mean +/- SE) of respiratory resistance, forced vital capacity, and forced expiratory volume were 71% +/- 3%, 117% +/- 5%, and 118% +/- 1% of initial values, respectively, and were similar to the effects of additional albuterol inhalation. The infusion of MgSO4 also improved dyspnea and piping rales in three other asthmatic patients with a severe attack. We conclude that intravenous infusion of MgSO4 produces a rapid and marked bronchodilation in both mild and severe asthma and may be a unique bronchodilating agent.
Carcinoma of the Prostate (1991)

IN the 12 years since the topic was last reviewed in the Journal,1 prostatic cancer has become the most common newly diagnosed cancer in men. It is the cause of death in more than 28,000 men per year, accounting for 11 percent of cancer deaths, third in men after lung and colon cancer.2 Important questions remain about the cause and prevention of prostatic cancer, but new advances permit earlier diagnosis and more accurate staging. Curative therapy is possible for localized disease with much less morbidity than previously. In advanced disease, androgen-deprivation therapy remains the mainstay of treatment.Biology and . . .
Bamba—Audio and video streaming over the Internet (1998)

The World Wide Web has become a primary means of disseminating information, which is being presented increasingly through multiple media. The ability to broadcast audio and video information is becoming a reality with the advent of new media-streaming technologies. Most of the emerging streaming systems require high-bandwidth connections in order to deliver audio and video of suitable quality. In this paper we present a media-streaming system, called Bamba, that delivers audio and video over low-bandwidth modem connections with the use of standard compression technologies. Bamba offers high-quality audio and video over low-bit-rate connections and can operate using a standard HTTP server. The Bamba video is enhanced with special provisions for reducing the effect of errors in a lossy-network environment. Bamba adheres to existing standards wherever possible. Finally, Bamba has been fully implemented and deployed both internally at IBM and externally.
The Maize Transposable Element <i>Ac</i> Induces Recombination Between the Donor Site and an Homologous Ectopic Sequence (1997)

The prominent repair mechanism of DNA double-strand breaks formed upon excision of the maize Ac transposable element is via nonhomologous end joining. In this work we have studied the role of homologous recombination as an additional repair pathway. To this end, we developed an assay whereby beta-Glucuronidase (GUS) activity is restored upon recombination between two homologous ectopic (nonallelic) sequences in transgenic tobacco plants. One of the recombination partners carried a deletion at the 5' end of GUS and an Ac or a Ds element inserted at the deletion site. The other partner carried an intact 5' end of the GUS open reading frame and had a deletion at the 3' end of the gene. Based on GUS reactivation data, we found that the excision of Ac induced recombination between ectopic sequences by at least two orders of magnitude. Recombination events, visualized by blue staining, were detected in seedlings, in pollen and in protoplasts. DNA fragments corresponding to recombination events were recovered exclusively in crosses with Ac-carrying plants, providing physical evidence for Ac-induced ectopic recombination. The occurrence of ectopic recombination following double-strand breaks is a potentially important factor in plant genome evolution.
Research on Data Center Network Architecture Based on SDN (2020)

when the amount of mobile Internet data is exploding, users need to be able to enjoy high-quality mobile Internet services at any location and at any time. With the characteristics of massive and high-density connections, it is urgent to study new network architecture optimization theory. New cloud wireless access network architecture theory and optimization research based on software-defined network.Decoupling the network data plane, control plane and management plane. Data plane, responsible for data transmission related operations, such as data forwarding; Control plane is responsible for network control related operations, such as call control, routing control, error control, flow control, etc.; Management plane is responsible for network management, monitoring data plane and control surface.
The RNA-binding Protein IMP-3 Is a Translational Activator of Insulin-like Growth Factor II Leader-3 mRNA during Proliferation of Human K562 Leukemia Cells (2005)

IMP-3, a member of the insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II) mRNA-binding protein (IMP) family, is expressed mainly during embryonic development and in some tumors. Thus, IMP-3 is considered to be an oncofetal protein. The functional significance of IMP-3 is not clear. To identify the functions of IMP-3 in target gene expression and cell proliferation, RNA interference was employed to knock down IMP-3 expression. Using human K562 leukemia cells as a model, we show that IMP-3 protein associates with IGF-II leader-3 and leader-4 mRNAs and H19 RNA but not c-myc and beta-actin mRNAs in vivo by messenger ribonucleoprotein immunoprecipitation analyses. IMP-3 knock down significantly decreased levels of intracellular and secreted IGF-II without affecting IGF-II leader-3, leader-4, c-myc, or beta-actin mRNA levels and H19 RNA levels compared with the negative control siRNA treatment. Moreover, IMP-3 knock down specifically suppressed translation of chimeric IGF-II leader-3/luciferase mRNA without altering reporter mRNA levels. Together, these results suggest that IMP-3 knock down reduced IGF-II expression by inhibiting translation of IGF-II mRNA. IMP-3 knock down also markedly inhibited cell proliferation. The addition of recombinant human IGF-II peptide to these cells restored cell proliferation rates to normal. IMP-3 and IMP-1, two members of the IMP family with significant structural similarity, appear to have some distinct RNA targets and functions in K562 cells. Thus, we have identified IMP-3 as a translational activator of IGF-II leader-3 mRNA. IMP-3 plays a critical role in regulation of cell proliferation via an IGF-II-dependent pathway in K562 leukemia cells.