gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fibronectin (1998)

I n the past 2 decades, it has been appreciated that the functions of the extracellular matrix (ECM) are not entirely structural.ECM components interact with specific adhesion receptors on cell surfaces and regulate various cellular functions, including differentiation, proliferation, migration, and apoptosis.Fibronectin (FN) is a paradigm adhesive protein, nonreactive with adhesion receptors in its soluble state but highly adhesive when insoluble.Polymerization of FN into the ECM must be tightly regulated to ensure that the adhesive information in the ECM is appropriate.FN exists in a soluble protomeric form in micromolar concentration in blood plasma and in an insoluble multimeric form in the ECM. 1,2Unlike fibrillar or basement membrane collagens, laminins, actin, and tubulin, circulating FN does not self-polymerize in physiologically relevant solutions.Furthermore, there is little passive accumulation of FN in preexisting ECM.Rather, assembly of FN takes place at specialized areas on the cell surface. 3FN is especially abundant in the ECM of embryonic and regenerating or injured tissues, although it can be found in most ECMs, including basement membranes.FN interacts with cells through integrins, heterodimeric transmembrane receptors linking the ECM to the intracellular cytoskeleton and signaling pathways.The aim of this review is to describe the mechanisms and consequences of FN deposition and give a brief overview of the significance of FN for selected areas of cardiovascular research.In the first section we describe important features of the FN molecule that account for its multiple functions.Next, we focus on the assembly process, ie, the conversion of soluble FN to its active, adhesive, insoluble form.Finally, we discuss several areas of cardiovascular research in which FN may have an important role, exemplifying how the adhesive information of FN can drive pathophysiological processes.
Exploiting superword level parallelism with multimedia instruction sets (2000)

Increasing focus on multimedia applications has prompted the addition of multimedia extensions to most existing general purpose microprocessors. This added functionality comes primarily with the addition of short SIMD instructions. Unfortunately, access to these instructions is limited to in-line assembly and library calls. Generally, it has been assumed that vector compilers provide the most promising means of exploiting multimedia instructions. Although vectorization technology is well understood, it is inherently complex and fragile. In addition, it is incapable of locating SIMD-style parallelism within a basic block.
Cationic polymerization of α,β‐disubstituted olefins. Part II. Cationic polymerization of propenyl <i>N</i>‐butyl ether (1967)

Abstract The cationic polymerization of propenyl n ‐butyl ether (PBE) in methylene chloride with boron fluoride etherate at −78°C. has been studied. The copolymerization of PBE with vinyl n ‐butyl ether (VBE) showed that both the isomers are more reactive than VBE, and their monomer reactivity ratios were found to be:
Assistive browser for conducting web transactions (2008)

People with visual impairments use screen readers to browse the Web. Sequential processing of web pages by screen readers causes information overload, making web browsing time-consuming and strenuous. These problems are further exacerbated in web transactions (e.g.: online shopping), which involve multiple steps spanning several web pages. In this paper we present a lightweight approach for doing Web transactions using non-visual modalities. We describe how analysis of context surrounding the link coupled with a shallow knowledge-base with patterns and keywords can help identify various concepts (e.g.: "add to cart", "item description", etc.) that are important in web transactions. Our preliminary results show promise that presenting such concepts to the users can reduce information overload and improve their overall browsing experience.
Propolypeptide of von Willebrand Factor Is a Novel Ligand for Very Late Antigen-4 Integrin (1997)

We have previously reported that propolypeptide of von Willebrand factor (pp-vWF) promotes melanoma cell adhesion in a beta1 integrin-dependent manner. In this report, we identified the alpha subunit of the cell adhesion receptor for pp-vWF as alpha4. Human leukemia cell lines that express alpha4beta1 integrin (very late antigen-4, VLA-4), but not cell lines which lack VLA-4, attached well to pp-vWF substrate and these adhesions were completely inhibited by anti-alpha4 integrin monoclonal antibody HP2/1. Adhesion of mouse melanoma expressing alpha4 integrin was also inhibited by anti-mouse alpha4 mAb PS/2. Furthermore, transfection of human alpha4 cDNA into alpha4(-) Chinese hamster ovary cells resulted in an acquisition of adhesive activity to pp-vWF, indicating that pp-vWF is a ligand for VLA-4 integrin. Using a recombinant fragment of pp-vWF, the cell attachment site was shown to be located within amino acid residues 376-455 of pp-vWF. A series of synthetic peptides covering this region were tested for the ability to promote cell attachment and a 15-residue peptide designated T2-15 (DCQDHSFSIVIETVQ, residues numbered 395-409) promoted VLA-4 dependent cell adhesion. The peptide was also capable of inhibiting cell adhesion to pp-vWF, suggesting that this sequence represents the cell attachment site. By affinity chromatography using peptide T2-15-Sepharose, it was found that alpha4beta1 integrin complex from extracts of surface iodinated B16 cells specifically bound to the peptide. These results strongly suggest that pp-vWF is a novel physiological ligand for VLA-4.
Overexpression of the Tobacco <i>Tsi1</i> Gene Encoding an EREBP/AP2–Type Transcription Factor Enhances Resistance against Pathogen Attack and Osmotic Stress in Tobacco (2001)

Using mRNA differential display analysis, we isolated a salt-induced transcript that showed a significant sequence homology with an EREBP/AP2 DNA binding motif from oilseed rape plants. With this cDNA fragment as a probe, cDNA clone Tsi1 (for Tobacco stress-induced gene1) was isolated from a tobacco cDNA library. RNA gel blot analysis indicated that transcripts homologous with Tsi1 were induced not only in NaCl-treated leaves but also in leaves treated with ethephon or salicylic acid. Transient expression analysis using a Tsi1::smGFP fusion gene in BY-2 cells indicated that the Tsi1 protein was targeted to the nucleus. Fusion protein of Tsi1 with GAL4 DNA binding domain strongly activated transcription in yeast, and the transactivating activity was localized to the 13 C-terminal amino acids of Tsi1. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed that Tsi1 could bind specifically to the GCC and the DRE/CRT sequences, although the binding activity to the former was stronger than that to the latter. Furthermore, Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression and transgenic plants expressing Tsi1 demonstrated that overexpression of the Tsi1 gene induced expression of several pathogenesis-related genes under normal conditions, resulting in improved tolerance to salt and pathogens. These results suggest that Tsi1 might be involved as a positive trans-acting factor in two separate signal transduction pathways under abiotic and biotic stress.
Here&There : an augmented reality system of linked audio (2000)

This paper presents an augmented reality system using as the primary interface. Using the authoring component of this system, individuals can leave audio imprints, consisting of several layers of music, sound effects, or recorded voice, at a location outdoors. Using the navigation component, individuals can hear imprints by walking into the area that the imprint occupies. Furthermore, imprints can be linked together, whereby an individual is directed from one imprint to related imprints in the area.
Enhancing effect of human monocytic colony-stimulating factor on monocyte tumoricidal activity. (1989)

Human monocytic colony-stimulating factor (hM-CSF) enhances several effector functions of human peripheral blood monocytes. In this study, we investigated the effect of the Mr 85,000 form of hM-CSF on the tumoricidal activity of human monocytes against several leukemic cell lines using a 12-h chromium release assay. Human peripheral blood monocytes preincubated with hM-CSF for 48 h showed more effective killing activity towards K562, U937, Daudi, and HL60 cells as compared with the cells preincubated with medium alone. Maximal enhancement of the tumoricidal activity was achieved by hM-CSF at concentrations of 50-100 ng/ml. A trace amount of lipopolysaccharide contained in the hM-CSF did not seem to contribute to the enhancing effect, as the addition of a lipopolysaccharide-neutralizing agent, polymyxin B, to the preincubation mixture did not reduce this effect. Anti-tumor necrosis factor antiserum partially blocked the tumoricidal activity mediated by hM-CSF, indicating that tumor necrosis factor may participate in the hM-CSF-mediated increase of monocyte tumor cell-killing activity. These results suggest that in addition to other monocyte-activating factors, hM-CSF augments monocyte tumoricidal activity against a wide spectrum of tumor targets.
Ethnicity and Smoking-Associated DNA Methylation Changes at HIV Co-Receptor GPR15 (2015)

Smoking is associated with poorer health outcomes for both African and European Americans. In order to better understand whether ethnic-specific genetic variation may underlie some of these differences, we compared the smoking-associated genome-wide methylation signatures of African Americans with those of European Americans, and followed up this analysis with a focused examination of the most ethnically divergent locus, cg19859270, at the GPR15 gene. We examined the association of methylation at this locus to the rs2230344 SNP and GPR15 gene and protein expression. Consistent with prior analyses, AHRR residue cg05575921 was the most differentially methylated residue in both African Americans and European Americans. However, the second most differentially methylated locus in African Americans, cg19859270, was only modestly differentially methylated in European Americans. Interrogation of the methylation status of this CpG residue found in GPR15, a chemokine receptor involved in HIV pathogenesis, showed a significant interaction of ethnicity with smoking as well as a marginal effect of genotype at rs2230344, a neighboring non-synonymous SNP, but only among African Americans. Gene and protein expression analyses showed that demethylation at cg19859270 was associated with an increase in both mRNA and protein levels. Since GPR15 is involved in the early stages of viral replication for some HIV-1 and HIV-2 isolates, and the prevalence of HIV is increased in African Americans and smokers, these data support a possible role for GPR15 in the ethnically dependent differential prevalence of HIV.
Generation of a functional mammary gland from a single stem cell (2006)

Mammary stem cells The existence of mammary stem cells has been inferred from genetic analysis of human breast tissue, and from the fact that mouse mammary gland can regenerate from tissue fragments. Two groups now report the isolation of mammary stem cells from mice. Shackleton et al. use a technique based on the introduction of a marker for stem-cell function. A single cell from this population then showed its potency by regenerating an entire mammary gland in vivo. This population of cells is expanded in a pre-malignant mammary tumour model, providing support for the concept of a mammary cancer stem cell. In a paper published online, Stingl et al. report the use of a powerful limiting dilution transplant procedure to purify to near homogeneity a rare subset of adult mouse mammary cells that can individually regenerate an entire mammary gland within six weeks.
Summarizing Relational Data Using Semi-Supervised Genetic Algorithm-Based Clustering Techniques (2010)

Problem statement: In solving a classification problem in relational data mining, traditional methods, for example, the C4.5 and its variants, usually require data transformations from datasets stored in multiple tables into a single table. Unfortunately, we may loss some information when we join tables with a high degree of one-to-many association. Therefore, data transformation becomes a tedious trial-and-error work and the classification result is often not very promising especially when the number of tables and the degree of one-to-many association are large. Approach: We proposed a genetic semi-supervised clustering technique as a means of aggregating data stored in multiple tables to facilitate the task of solving a classification problem in relational database. This algorithm is suitable for classification of datasets with a high degree of one-to-many associations. It can be used in two ways. One is user-controlled clustering, where the user may control the result of clustering by varying the compactness of the spherical cluster. The other is automatic clustering, where a non-overlap clustering strategy is applied. In this study, we use the latter method to dynamically cluster multiple instances, as a means of aggregating them and illustrate the effectiveness of this method using the semi-supervised genetic algorithm-based clustering technique. Results: It was shown in the experimental results that using the reciprocal of Davies-Bouldin Index for cluster dispersion and the reciprocal of Gini Index for cluster purity, as the fitness function in the Genetic Algorithm (GA), finds solutions with much greater accuracy. The results obtained in this study showed that automatic clustering (seeding), by optimizing the cluster dispersion or cluster purity alone using GA, provides one with good results compared to the traditional k-means clustering. However, the best result can be achieved by optimizing the combination values of both the cluster dispersion and the cluster purity, by putting more weight on the cluster purity measurement. Conclusion: This study showed that semi-supervised genetic algorithm-based clustering techniques can be applied to summarize relational data with more effectively and efficiently.
Development of an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Quantitative Determination of Quizalofop-<i>p</i>-ethyl (2006)

Accurate quantification of quizalofop-p-ethyl is essential for it may do harm to humans and animals through both water and food. Currently, detection of quizalofop-p-ethyl mainly relies on methods such as gas chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Although these techniques are reliable, they are relatively expensive and time-consuming because of multistep sample cleanup. To address this, we developed a competitive indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ciELISA) with a polyclonal antibody against quizalofop-p-ethyl that was generated in our lab. The IC(50) of detection was 0.03495 microg/mL, and the lowest detection limit reached 0.00192 microg/mL. Furthermore, the method had high specificity for it did not cross-react with other structure-related compounds. When water and soil samples that were fortified with quizalofop-p-ethyl were analyzed by this ELISA, recoveries were in the range of 89-110% from water and 81-108% from soil. Good correlations between this immunoassay and gas chromatography data were obtained for residues of quizalofop-p-ethyl in water and soil. Our data indicate that this method is a convenient analytical technique for monitoring quizalofop-p-ethyl in waters without extraction and the extra cleanup step and in soil without the cleanup step.
Patch‐Collaborative Spectral Point‐Cloud Denoising (2013)

Abstract We present a new framework for point cloud denoising by patch‐collaborative spectral analysis. A collaborative generalization of each surface patch is defined, combining similar patches from the denoised surface. The Laplace–Beltrami operator of the collaborative patch is then used to selectively smooth the surface in a robust manner that can gracefully handle high levels of noise, yet preserves sharp surface features. The resulting denoising algorithm competes favourably with state‐of‐the‐art approaches, and extends patch‐based algorithms from the image processing domain to point clouds of arbitrary sampling. We demonstrate the accuracy and noise‐robustness of the proposed algorithm on standard benchmark models as well as range scans, and compare it to existing methods for point cloud denoising.
A Random Walk around the City: New Venue Recommendation in Location-Based Social Networks (2012)

The popularity of location-based social networks available on mobile devices means that large, rich datasets that contain a mixture of behavioral (users visiting venues), social (links between users), and spatial (distances between venues) information are available for mobile location recommendation systems. However, these datasets greatly differ from those used in other online recommender systems, where users explicitly rate items: it remains unclear as to how they capture user preferences as well as how they can be leveraged for accurate recommendation. This paper seeks to bridge this gap with a three-fold contribution. First, we examine how venue discovery behavior characterizes the large check-in datasets from two different location-based social services, Foursquare and Go Walla: by using large-scale datasets containing both user check-ins and social ties, our analysis reveals that, across 11 cities, between 60% and 80% of users' visits are in venues that were not visited in the previous 30 days. We then show that, by making constraining assumptions about user mobility, state-of-the-art filtering algorithms, including latent space models, do not produce high quality recommendations. Finally, we propose a new model based on personalized random walks over a user-place graph that, by seamlessly combining social network and venue visit frequency data, obtains between 5 and 18% improvement over other models. Our results pave the way to a new approach for place recommendation in location-based social systems.
Temporal segmentation and activity classification from first-person sensing (2009)

Temporal segmentation of human motion into actions is central to the understanding and building of computational models of human motion and activity recognition. Several issues contribute to the challenge of temporal segmentation and classification of human motion. These include the large variability in the temporal scale and periodicity of human actions, the complexity of representing articulated motion, and the exponential nature of all possible movement combinations. We provide initial results from investigating two distinct problems -classification of the overall task being performed, and the more difficult problem of classifying individual frames over time into specific actions. We explore first-person sensing through a wearable camera and inertial measurement units (IMUs) for temporally segmenting human motion into actions and performing activity classification in the context of cooking and recipe preparation in a natural environment. We present baseline results for supervised and unsupervised temporal segmentation, and recipe recognition in the CMU-multimodal activity database (CMU-MMAC).
Conditional immortalization of human thyroid epithelial cells: a tool for analysis of oncogene action. (1990)

To overcome the difficulty of assessing oncogene action in human epithelial cell types, such as thyroid, which have limited proliferative potential in culture, we have explored the use of temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of simian virus 40 (SV40) early region to create conditionally immortalized epithelial cell lines. Normal primary cultures of human thyroid follicular cells were transfected with a plasmid containing the SV40 early region from mutant tsA58. Expanding epithelial colonies were observed after 2 to 3 months, all of which grew to greater than 200 population doublings without crisis. All showed tight temperature dependence for growth. After switch-up to the restrictive temperature (40.5 degrees C), no further increase in cell number was seen after 1 to 2 days. However, DNA synthesis declined much more slowly; the dissociation from cell division led to marked polyploidy. Viability was maintained for up to 2 weeks. Introduction of an inducible mutant ras gene into ts thyroid cells led, as expected, to morphological transformation at the permissive temperature when ras was induced. Interestingly, this was associated with a marked reduction in net growth rate. At the restrictive temperature, induction of mutant ras caused rapid cell death. These results demonstrate the utility of a ts SV40 mutant to permit the study of oncogene action in an otherwise nonproliferative target cell and reveal important differences in the interaction between ras and SV40 T in these epithelial cells compared with previously studied cell types.
Successful Gene Therapy via Intraarticular Injection of Adenovirus Vector Containing CTLA4IgG in a Murine Model of Type II Collagen-Induced Arthritis (2001)

We previously constructed an adenovirus vector carrying a gene encoding a soluble form of fusion protein, consisting of the extracellular portion of cytotoxic lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) and the Fc portion of human immunoglobulin G1 (Adex1CACTLA4IgG). Murine type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) was treated with Adex1CACTLA4IgG. A single intraarticular injection of 1 x 10(5) PFU was able to support serum CTLA4IgG at more than 10 microg/ml for at least 12 weeks and was able to inhibit the CIA clinically and histologically. In contrast, intravenous, intramuscular, or subcutaneous injection of 1 x 10(5) PFU was unable to support a significant level of serum CTLA4IgG and thus was unable to inhibit the development of arthritis. Thus, we demonstrated that (1) a low-dose intraarticular injection of Adex1CACTLA4IgG was effective in delaying the onset of CIA and reducing the severity of arthritis; (2) an intraarticular (knee joint) injection of Adex1CACTLA4IgG effectively blocked the development of arthritis in distal paws; (3) the inhibitory effect of Adex1CACTLA4IgG lasted at least up to 20 weeks; (4) although serum CTLA4IgG at more than 10 microg/ml persisted for at least 12 weeks, mice treated by intraarticular injection of Adex1CACTLA4IgG were not anergic to adenovirus and were able to mount antibody responses against various antigens.