gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of oestrogen and progesterone receptors in low-grade endometrial stromal sarcomas (2000)

We analysed oestrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) expression in a retrospective series of 21 low-grade endometrial stromal sarcomas (LGSSs). Archival formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded material was analysed by immunohistochemistry. ER and PR were measured with monoclonal antibodies and the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method and a score was calculated as for breast carcinoma based on both the percentage of positive tumour cell nuclei and the staining intensity. ER were seen in 15 (71%) and PR in 20 (95%) of tumours respectively. ER expression was scored as high in three (14%), moderate in four (19%), and low in eight (38%) tumours. Six (29%) tumours did not stain for ER and all of these were positive for PR. PR expression was scored as high in eight (38%), moderate in ten (47%) and weak in two (10%) LGSSs. Only one (5%) LGSS did not stain for PR (this tumour was positive for ER). ER and PR expression in LGSS is heterogeneous. This may have implications for hormone therapy in the management of these tumours. These results suggest that ER and PR should be routinely quantified in LGSSs by immunohistochemical methods.
Optimal placement of training for frequency-selective block-fading channels (2002)

The problem of placing training symbols optimally for orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) and single-carrier systems is considered. The channel is assumed to be quasi-static with a finite impulse response of length (L + 1) samples. Under the assumptions that neither the transmitter nor the receiver knows the channel, and that the receiver forms a minimum mean square error (MMSE) channel estimate based on training symbols only, training is optimized by maximizing a tight lower bound on the ergodic training-based independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) capacity. For OFDM systems, it is shown that the lower bound is maximized by placing the known symbols periodically in frequency. For single-carrier systems, under the assumption that the training symbols are placed in clusters of length /spl alpha/ /spl ges/ (2L + 1), it is shown that the lower bound is maximized by a family of placement schemes called QPP-/spl alpha/, where QPP stands for quasi-periodic placement. These placement schemes are formed by grouping the known symbols into as many clusters as possible and then placing these clusters periodically in the packet. For both OFDM and single-carrier systems, the optimum energy tradeoff between training and data is also obtained.
(Meta-) evaluation of machine translation (2007)

This paper evaluates the translation quality of machine translation systems for 8 language pairs: translating French, German, Spanish, and Czech to English and back. We carried out an extensive human evaluation which allowed us not only to rank the different MT systems, but also to perform higher-level analysis of the evaluation process. We measured timing and intra- and inter-annotator agreement for three types of subjective evaluation. We measured the correlation of automatic evaluation metrics with human judgments. This meta-evaluation reveals surprising facts about the most commonly used methodologies.
Development of Warning Thresholds for One Inch or Greater Hail in the Albany New York County Warning Area (2011)

The National Weather Service (NWS) changed the criterion for severe hail from 0.75 in (1.9 cm) to 1.00 in (2.5 cm) on 5 January 2010. Many techniques have been developed for forecasting severe hail, such as examining echo tops of various reflectivity values, Vertically Integrated Liquid (VIL) Density, and using reflectivity echo (dBZ) heights relative to the -20°C level. However, hail forecasting techniques using these examples are all based on the legacy 0.75 in severe hail criterion. In an attempt to better warn for 1.00 in hail, 384 hail reports were examined from the NWS Albany County Warning Area (CWA) between 2005-2010. This study examined values for: the reflectivity echo height at various dBZ thresholds (50, 55, 60 and 65 dBZ), gridded and cell-based VIL, Storm Echo Top (ET), VIL Density and several other parameters at a storm-scale level. This study also calculated mean and median values for each parameter in connection with the new severe hail criterion, which would be potentially useful to a warning forecaster in an operational setting. For example, storms producing severe hail, on average, had reflectivity echo tops of 3.6-5.1 kilofeet (kft) higher than non-severe storms. Other parameters detailed in this paper can also be used in conjunction with each other to give warning meteorologists confidence of the existence of severe hail within a thunderstorm.
Quantitatively analyzing the synergistic effect of the development of regional logistics and economy by applying co-integration theory in econometrics (2014)

In the 21st century, the world economy and the logistics industry are gaining momentum with the constant development of economic globalization. For one thing, the fast development of economy made it possible for the development of the logistics industry. For the other, the robust development of the logistics industry accelerated the regional economic growth. The relationship between the higher level of regional economic development and constant growth of regional logistics industry has been the focus of logistics industry research. The paper aims to survey and dig into the environment of logistics industry and economic development of Anhui province by checking relevant statements, carrying out field study. Integrated with co-integration theory in the econometrics, quantitative analysis is conducted to check relevant data and find out quantitative association between regional logistics and economic development. Thus proposals are made to promote the economic and logistic development in Anhui province. Through series stationarity test, co-integration theory, error correction model and Granger test, the study finds that the relationship between regional logistics and economic development remains mutually promotive. The study shows that the ways to promote regional economic and logistic development mainly include: give full play to the driving effect of economic development on the logistic development, balance regional development in a flexible way, coordinate the efforts of economic and logistic development, and accelerate industrial restructuring.
Transgenic models of Huntington'sdisease (1999)

Huntington's disease (HD) is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG-polyglutamine repeat expansion. A mouse model of this disease has been generated by the introduction of exon 1 of the human HD gene carrying highly expanded CAG repeats into the mouse germ line (R6 lines). Transgenic mice develop a progressive neurological phenotype with a movement disorder and weight loss similar to that in HD. We have previously identified neuronal inclusions in the brains of these mice that have subsequently been established as the pathological hallmark of polyglutamine disease. Inclusions are present before symptoms, which in turn occur long before any selective neuronal cell death can be identified. We have extended the search for inclusions to skeletal muscle, which, like brain, contains terminally differentiated cells. We have conducted an investigation into the skeletal muscle atrophy that occurs in the R6 lines, (i) to provide possible insights into the muscle bulk loss observed in HD patients, and (ii) to conduct a parallel analysis into the consequence of inclusion formation to that being performed in brain. The identification of inclusions in skeletal muscle might be additionally useful in monitoring the ability of drugs to prevent inclusion formation in vivo.
High Levels of Biologically Active Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) are Produced by the Baculovirus Expression System (1992)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a recently discovered mitogen for endothelial cells in vitro, and a potent angiogenesis promoting factor in vivo. VEGF is secreted from producing cells as a homodimer, binds to specific receptors on the cell surface of endothelial cells, and is produced in four forms as a result of alternative splicing. We have expressed the cDNA encoding the 165 amino-acid long isoform of VEGF in insect cells using the baculovirus based expression vector. We show that infected insect cells secrete large amounts of VEGF. Antibodies directed against a synthetic peptide prepared from human VEGF identify the secreted factor. The baculovirus derived VEGF expressed in insect cells (inVEGF) binds directly to the VEGF receptors inVEGF competes with pure mammalian cells derived [125I]-VEGF for binding to the VEGF receptors that are present on the cell surface of endothelial cells. Furthermore, inVEGF is biologically active and induces the proliferation of human umbilical vein derived endothelial cells.
Product lines in hospitals. (1986)

The findings presented in the case study demonstrate that financial analysis is only as valid as the assumptions it is based upon. The single most important task is the definition of the clinical product. All other associated data is suspect and can lead to serious errors in business decisions if the product is poorly defined. A comprehensive case mix system, integrated with other financial systems with flexible reporting capabilities is required. The hospital and physicians must be willing to invest the time and expense necessary to ensure that the data is reliable. The hospital must be prudent in determining what cost finding approach they will elect to use. Although the RCC method has some fundamental problems, care must be taken not to develop a cost system that will require a significant amount of effort to maintain.
Ability of a commercial feed additive to modulate expression of innate immunity in sheep immunosuppressed with dexamethasone (2007)

In the first study, we tested the ability of a commercial feed additive (OmniGen-AF) to affect markers of innate immunity in immunosuppressed sheep and the ability of a pathogen challenge (mould) to affect the immune response to the additive. Treatments consisted of (1) control, (2) immunosuppressed with dexamethasone (DEX), (3) immunosuppressed plus the feed additive, (4) immunosuppressed plus Aspergillus fumigatus and (5) immunosuppressed, A. fumigatus and the additive. Animal health was monitored and indexes of innate immunity (neutrophil L-selectin and interleukin-1β (IL-1β)) were collected. DEX caused immunosuppression (i.e. reduced abundance of neutrophil L-selectin and IL-1β). This immunosuppressive effect was countered by the provision of the additive in the ration. Provision of mould in the ration increased the ability of the additive to regulate markers of innate immune function. A second study was completed to re-assess the properties of the additive and other feed products. The study consisted of seven treatments: (1) immunosuppressed, (2) immunosuppressed with additive, (3) immunosuppressed with additive in pelleted form (low-temperature pellet) and (4) immunosuppressed with additive in a high-temperature pellet. The remaining three treatments assessed abilities of three other additives to regulate markers of innate immune function. In this study, OmniGen-AF increased expression of neutrophil L-selectin abundance in immunosuppressed animals and this was unaffected by the pelleting temperature. None of the other additives affected markers of innate immunity. In these studies we discovered mechanisms by which a feed product may affect the immune function of ruminant livestock. The product countered DEX-dependent down-regulation of markers of innate immune function and its actions were enhanced by the presence of pathogen (mould) in the ration.
Density forecast evaluation for dependent financial data: Theory and applications (2015)

In this paper, we propose a formal test for density forecast evaluation in presense of dependent data. Apart from accepting or rejecting the tested model, our smooth test identies the possible sources (such as the location, scale and shape of the distribution) of rejection, thereby helping in revising the initial model. We also propose how to augment the smooth test to investigate explicit forms of dependence in the data within the same test framework. An extensive application to SP Shackleton, Taylor, Yu, 2010). There has been only a few papers, we are aware of, that directly address the question of a formal test of evaluation of density forecasts; such as Diebold, Gunther and Tay (1998), Berkowitz (2001), Hong (2001), Wallis (2003), Sarno and Valente (2004), Bai (2003), Hong and Li (2005), Yun (2014), see Corradi and Swanson (2006 a,b) for a review. The importance of density forecast evaluation cannot be overemphasized. Recent developments in risk evaluation clearly indicate that we can no longer rely on a few moments or certain regions of the distribution; very often we will need to forecast the entire distribution (Shackleton et al., 2010). Also, as demonstrated by Diebold et al. (1998) and Granger and Pesaran (2000), only when a forecast density coincides with the true data generating process, then that forecast density will be preferred by all forecast users regardless of their attitude to risk (loss function). The importance of density forecast evaluation in economics has been aptly depicted by Crnkovic and Drachman (1997, p. 47) as follows: At the heart of market risk measurement is the forecast of the probability density functions (PDFs) of the relevant market variables ... a forecast of a PDF is the central input into any decision model for asset allocation and/or hedging ... therefore, the quality of risk management will be considered synonymous with the quality of PDF forecasts. Sarno and Valente (2004) suggested a test based on integrated squared di¤erence of the kernel density functions of the competing predictive density forecast models, using a norm similar to Li (1996) as discussed in Pagan and Ullah (1999, pp. 68-69). The asymptotically normal test statistic thus obtained is a natural analog of Diebold-Mariano test (Diebold and Mariano 1995) for forecast accuracy in the domain of point forecasts. The simulation results reported show attractive size and power properties with very little, if any, size distortion. The test statistic requires bootstrap replications in order to calculate its standard error, and would be unsuitable for either applications in a time series context with time-dependent parameters, or for adaptive model selection for nding the best model. Using Kullbeck Leibler
On the generalized Cramer-Rao bound for the estimation of the location (1997)

It is shown that the generalized Gaussian distribution maximizes the generalized Cramer-Rao (CR) bound for the pth absolute central moment of any classical location parameter unbiased estimator. The underlying maximization is taken over the class of distributions with fixed and finite pth-order moment and exhibits particular utility in minimax designs as well as in worst-case performance analysis. The relationship between the generalized Gaussian density and the generalized CR bound is further examined for the model of a mixture of generalized Gaussian distributions as well as for scenarios where multiple independent generalized Gaussian observations are involved.
Results from Systematic Rotary-Steerable Testing with PDC Drill-Bits Depict the Optimal Balance between Stability, Steerability, and Borehole Quality (2008)

Abstract There is significant discussion concerning what type of Rotary Steerable System (RSS) provides the best-quality hole, and which key characteristics of the drill bit, along with a particular RSS, will produce the optimal balance between stability and steerability in directional wells. Although some evidence can be drawn from field performance with various tools and customized drill bits, these results can often be inconclusive due to the large variance in factors involved with commercial drilling. This paper describes an extensive series of test wells drilled in a controlled and non-commercial environment, allowing single step changes in both the drill bit features and Rotary Steerable (RS) configurations. The testing is unique in that the specific RSS works in shop-configurable point-the-bit and push-the-bit modes. Between two distinct RSS operation modes, consistency in stiffness, weight, force applying capability, and control systems lead to a direct comparison of bit performance. A unique sensor system, integrated into the specific RSS, provided real-time measurement of near-bit borehole caliper and near-bit stick-slip and vibration. This feature allowed real-time evaluation of bit and BHA stability and borehole quality. After each test run, memory data was retrieved and used for more detailed assessment of bit performance. Drill bit tests were systematically structured in a controlled environment so that the relationship between gauge geometry and configuration could be examined without alteration of the cutting structure. As a result, comparison between stability, dogleg capability, torque and drag, and borehole quality was solely dependent upon gauge length and geometry. Further, the systematic testing led to the conclusion that a specific gauge design related to effective side cutting and gauge stabilization is crucial for optimized RS drilling in both point-the-bit and push-the-bit configurations.
Effect of deferoxamine on retinal lipid peroxidation in experimental uveitis. (1993)

The administration of deferoxamine resulted in reduction of retinal lipid peroxidation. Because photoreceptors contain a high proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids, deferoxamine, in turn, will act to ameliorate the experimental autoimmune uveitis-mediated retinal degeneration.
Background Removal and Data Analysis for Low-Loss Transmission Electron Energy-Loss Spectroscopy (2002)

Journal Article Background Removal and Data Analysis for Low-Loss Transmission Electron Energy-Loss Spectroscopy Get access Bryan W Reed, Bryan W Reed Mater. Sci. & Eng., Box 352120, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Mehmet Sarikaya Mehmet Sarikaya Mater. Sci. & Eng., Box 352120, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Microscopy and Microanalysis, Volume 8, Issue S02, 1 August 2002, Pages 598–599, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927602105939 Published: 01 August 2002
A proteasome inhibitor reduces concurrent, sequential, and long-term IL-1β- and TNF-α-induced ECAM expression and adhesion (2003)

A promising approach for reducing aberrant leukocyte-endothelial adhesion during pathological inflammation is to inhibit endothelial cell adhesion molecule (ECAM) expression at the transcription level. Several compounds have been shown to decrease cytokine-induced upregulation of ECAMs primarily by modulating the activity of transcription factors [e.g., nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B)]. The majority of the in vitro studies have focused on the effect of transcription inhibitors on endothelial cells exposed to a single cytokine [primarily tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)] for a relatively short period of time (primarily 4-6 h). However, in the in vivo setting, multiple cytokines [e.g., interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and TNF-alpha] may be present for extended periods of time. Thus we studied the effects of a transcription inhibitor, the proteasome inhibitor lactacystin, on ECAM expression and myeloid (HL60) cell adhesion to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) activated by concurrent, sequential, and long-term (24 h) treatment with IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha. We show, for the first time, that lactacystin inhibits 1) 4-h concurrent IL-1 beta- and TNF-alpha-induced expression of E-selectin, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and HL60 cell adhesion to HUVEC; 2) 4-h TNF-alpha-induced expression of E-selectin, VCAM-1, and HL60 cell adhesion to HUVEC that have become desensitized to IL-1 beta activation; 3) 24-h TNF-alpha-induced expression of E-selectin and VCAM-1 but not ICAM-1; and 4) 24-h TNF-alpha-induced HL60 cell adhesion to HUVEC. Combined, our results demonstrate that a proteasome inhibitor can reduce concurrent, sequential, and long-term IL-1 beta- and TNF-alpha-induced ECAM expression and myeloid cell adhesion.
Capture of arm-muscle deformations using a depth-camera (2013)

Modeling realistic skin deformations due to underneath muscle bulging has a wide range of applications in medicine, entertainment and art. Current acquisition systems based on dense markers and multiple synchronized cameras are able to record and reproduce fine-scale skin deformations with sufficient quality. However, the complexity and the high cost of these systems severely limit their applicability. In this paper, we propose a method for reconstructing fine-scale arm muscle deformations using the Kinect depth camera. The captured data from the depth camera has no temporal contiguity and suffers from noise and sensory artifacts, and thus unsuitable by itself for potential applications in visual media production or biomechanics. We process noisy depth input to obtain spatio-temporally consistent 3D mesh reconstructions showing fine-scale muscle bulges over time. Our main contribution is the incorporation of statistical deformation priors into the spatiotemporal mesh registration progress. We obtain these priors from a previous dataset of a limited number of physiologically different actors captured using a high fidelity acquisition setup, and these priors help provide a better initialization for the ultimate non-rigid surface refinement that models deformations beyond the range of the previous dataset. Thus, our method is an easily scalable framework for bootstrapping the statistical muscle deformation model, by extending the set of subjects through a Kinect based acquisition process. We validate our spatio-temporal surface registration method on several arm movements performed by people of different body shapes.
Selective Area Mass Transport Regrowth of Gallium Nitride (2001)

Selective area mass transport regrowth of GaN was performed on wafers with etched wells and SiO 2 mask. The samples were annealed in NH 3 and H 2 flow, with no gallium precursor. At 1060°C, only little mass transport occured, but the sidewall morphology changed, depending on crystallographic orientation. At 1160°C, the sidewalls grew out about 1 µm in 1 min, independent of orientation. The technique can potentially be performed in an annealing chamber, providing a low cost regrowth process. A promising application is ohmic contact regrowth to high composition AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors.
Age-Dependent Disease Expression Determines Remodeling of the Retinal Mosaic in Carriers of<i>RPGR</i>Exon ORF15 Mutations (2009)

The time of onset and the progression of the disease differed between the two models. In the early-onset form (XLPRA2) the morphologic appearance of the retinal mosaic changed as a function of age, suggesting that structural plasticity persists in the early postnatal canine retina as mutant photoreceptors die. In the late-onset form (XLPRA1), patches of disease persisted until later ages.