gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solution properties of pullulan (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolution properties of pullulanK. Nishinari, K. Kohyama, P. A. Williams, G. O. Phillips, W. Burchard, and K. OginoCite this: Macromolecules 1991, 24, 20, 5590–5593Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00020a017https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00020a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1089Altmetric-Citations112LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Characterization and molecular cloning of a flavoprotein catalyzing the synthesis of phytofluene and ζ‐carotene in <i>Capsicum</i> chromoplasts (1992)

In plants, zeta-carotene is the first visible carotenoid formed in the biosynthetic pathway through the following two-step desaturation reaction: phytoene-->phytofluene--> zeta-carotene. Using Capsicum annuum chromoplast membranes and the reconstitution system previously described [Camara, B., Bardat, F. & Monéger, R. (1982) Eur. J. Biochem. 127, 255-258], we have attempted to purify the desaturase(s) catalyzing these reactions. The two activities were coincidental during all the purification procedures. Only a single polypeptide with 56 +/- 2 kDa was detected by SDS/PAGE of all active fractions. The enzyme contained protein-bound FAD. Antibodies raised against the purified polypeptide selectively precipitated the phytoene and the phytofluene desaturase activities, thus demonstrating that the enzyme is a bifunctional flavoprotein. The antibodies were used to isolate a full-length cDNA clone from which was deduced the primary structure of the desaturase which contains a characteristic dinucleotide-binding site. Overexpression of the cDNA in Escherichia coli allowed the production of a recombinant desaturase which had all the properties of the chromoplast desaturase. The phytoene/phytofluene desaturase mRNA levels were extremely low in green fruits and increased slightly before detectable carotenoid synthesis and remained constant throughout ripening. However, the desaturase activity and protein levels were found to increase significantly during the chloroplast to chromoplast transition in C. annuum fruits.
Roles of pericellular proteolysis by membrane type‐1 matrix metalloproteinase in cancer invasion and angiogenesis (2003)

Behavior of cancer cells is profoundly affected by their microenvironment, which is often controlled by pericellular proteolysis or the processing of protein components, including extracellular matrices, growth factors, cytokines, receptors, cell adhesion molecules, and so on. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc-dependent proteases responsible for the proteolytic events in the extracellular milieu. Among the multiple MMPs expressed in a wide range of tumors, membrane type-1 MMP (MT1-MMP), which is expressed especially in tumor cells with significant invasive properties, is thought to be particularly important for pericellular proteolysis. Recent studies have elucidated in part how MT1-MMP is regulated biologically for the promotion of invasion by tumors or for angiogenesis by endothelial cells. Understanding of the proteolysis by, and the regulation of MT1-MMP, which probably promotes cell invasion, could provide a therapeutic hint as to how to block or delay the progression of cancer.
Measurement by membrane feeding of reduction in Plasmodium falciparum transmission induced by endemic sera (1996)

The standard laboratory test for reduction in malaria transmission is based on the measurement of oocyst numbers in mosquitoes fed on blood meals containing test and control sera. Interpretation of the results, however, is often hampered by the large variation in numbers of infected mosquitoes and oocysts. The objective of this study was to compare 3 measures for the assessment of transmission reduction (so-called R values) and to define the experimental criteria that allow interpretation of the results. To determine variability in R values of control sera, a replicate experiment was performed with 10 non-endemic sera of Dutch blood donors. Furthermore, 2 measures for calculation of transmission reduction were compared in a triplicate experiment using Plasmodium falciparum, Anopheles gambiae and malaria endemic sera. Calculations using the geometric mean of Williams are currently used to identify blocking and non-blocking sera. However, calculations using log-transformed data could distinguish more gradual levels of transmission reduction activity by endemic sera--i.e. blocking, reducing and non-blocking activity. Grading of transmission reduction activity is important for epidemiological studies on transmission immunity and for validation of future transmission-blocking vaccines.
Experiments in constructing belief networks for image classification systems (2002)

We present procedures and experimental results in constructing belief networks for image classification systems based on probabilistic reasoning. In particular, we compare the performance of systems based on manually constructed and automatically constructed belief networks. The systems exploit existing image descriptions and also exploit interactions between multiple classifiers to improve classification performance. Performance evaluation results for the consumer photography domain are presented.
Anti‐<scp>IL</scp>‐31 receptor antibody is shown to be a potential therapeutic option for treating itch and dermatitis in mice (2014)

Anti-IL-31 receptor α is a potential novel therapeutic approach for escaping from the itch-scratch cycle and also a treatment for dermatitis in AD.
Pupil Diameter and the Depth-of-field of the Human Eye as Measured by Laser Speckle (1977)

Results are given for the variation in the depth-of-field with entrance pupil diameter for six subjects. The method was based on observation of a laser speckle pattern at 633 nm on the surface of a slowly rotating drum. Depth-of-field falls with pupil diameters up to ∼ 5 mm and then remains at an approximately constant value. The roles of diffraction, aberration, the Stiles-Crawford effect and of non-optical aspects of the visual system are discussed.
Clinical implementation of intensity-modulated arc therapy (2002)

A new treatment technique, intensity modulated arc therapy (IMAT), has been implemented in the authors' clinical practice. Instead of delivering intensity-modulated beams with fixed gentry angles, IMAT delivers optimized dose distributions using rotational beams. During delivery, the field shape, which is formed by a multileaf collimator (MLC), changes constantly. Treatment plans are developed with a combination of forward and inverse planning. Arcs are approximated as multiple shaped fields spaced every 10 degrees around the patient. Multiple coplanar or non-coplanar arcs are used in combination with wedges. The beam weights can be optimized outside of the commercial planning system. A leaf-sequencer is used to convert the fields from the final plan into MLC leaf sequences. Comparisons were made with conventional and inversely optimized treatment plans. Dosimetric accuracy of the entire process was verified with phantoms before IMAT was used clinically. Patient-specific verifications were performed using both the absolute and relative dose measurements in a humanoid phantom. The authors have demonstrated the clinical feasibility and accuracy of IMAT treatments on patients with head and neck cancers. Generally, no more than 3 arcs are needed to achieve a conformal dose distribution. The complexity of the IMAT is not significantly greater than existing are therapy from the point of view of the operator. The treatment time using IMAT is similar to conventional treatments. Clinical examples of IMAT treatments will be presented to illustrate the dosimetric advantage of rotational delivery.
Fast image-based localization using direct 2D-to-3D matching (2011)

Recently developed Structure from Motion (SfM) reconstruction approaches enable the creation of large scale 3D models of urban scenes. These compact scene representations can then be used for accurate image-based localization, creating the need for localization approaches that are able to efficiently handle such large amounts of data. An important bottleneck is the computation of 2D-to-3D correspondences required for pose estimation. Current stateof- the-art approaches use indirect matching techniques to accelerate this search. In this paper we demonstrate that direct 2D-to-3D matching methods have a considerable potential for improving registration performance. We derive a direct matching framework based on visual vocabulary quantization and a prioritized correspondence search. Through extensive experiments, we show that our framework efficiently handles large datasets and outperforms current state-of-the-art methods.
A Novel 3-D Image-Based Morphological Method for Phenotypic Analysis (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> A new approach for the study of geometric morphometrics is presented based on well-established image processing techniques in a novel combination to support high-throughput analysis necessary for large-scale determination of genotype–phenotype relationships. The method retains full 3-D data, and avoids manual landmark selection. Micro-computed tomography images are superimposed into a common orientation by rigid image registration with an isotropic scale factor. An average sample shape is determined by averaging the intensities of corresponding voxels of the registered images, and shape variation is determined by calculating the image gradient of the average shape. Localized shape differences between mean images or between an individual and a group mean are identified and quantified by surface-to-surface distance measures of superimposed images. Validation was performed using geometric shapes of known dimensions as well as biological samples of C57 BL/6 J and A/WySnJ mouse skulls, and shape variation of the mouse skulls was consistent with previously published results. Although the image gradient is sensitive to both image registration and filtration of the average image, the effect can be minimized by consistent use of image analysis parameters. While the proposed approach deviates from well-established landmark-based geometric morphometric tools, it is not intended to replace these current methods. Rather, it will be an important contribution to provide high-throughput screening in large-scale studies focused on understanding genotype–phenotype relationships so that subsequent morphometric approaches using established techniques can be better focused. </para>
New polymers by homogenous zirconocene/aluminoxane catalysts (1991)

Abstract With homogenous catalysts on the basis of chiral metallocenes and methylaluminoxane it has become possible to polymerize cyclic olefins like cyclobutene, cyclopentene or norbornene. No ring opening reaction occurs. The crystalline polycycloalkenes show extremly high melting points between 400 and 600°C. Copolymers of cyclopentene with propene are amorphous. They have a low molecular weight and glass transition point. On the other hand the glass transition temperature of norbornene/ethene copolymers exceeds 130°C. These copolymers could be used as materials for optical discs and fibers.
Optimal Filtering of Pseudoranges and Phases from Single-Frequency GPS Receivers (1990)

The filtering of observed pseudoranges with concurrent measures of phase or integrated Doppler can benefit significantly both absolute and differential positioning. The argument proceeds rather simply. If the position recovery uncertainty is predicted to be equal to the position dilution of precision (PDOP) times the range uncertainty, then reducing the range error will in turn reduce the recovered position uncertainty. With typical PDOP values of, say, 4 m/m, then for every meter improvement of the pseudorange, the recovered position uncertainty will also be reduced by 4 m. It has been argued that very significant improvements can be made when incorporating millimeter-level phases into pseudorange filtering algorithms. Here the filtering algorithm is examined, with emphasis on the ionospheric contribution. It will be argued that some degradation in the filter performance must be tolerated in order to accommodate this error source when using single-frequency receivers. During periods of peak solar activity or in geographic areas where unpredictable ionospheric activity is common, it will be seen that the optimal filter is one that averages the pseudorange and phase range measures, which then causes an improvement in the filtered pseudoranges of one-half the raw pseudorange noise. This improvement is significant. However, it is not as spectacular in its reduction as others have claimed who considered a cancellation of ionospheric contribution to the 10−6 level for relative or differential positioning.
Computed tomography scanning with simultaneous patient translation (1990)

This paper deals with methods of reducing the total time required to acquire the projection data for a set of contiguous computed tomography (CT) images. Normally during the acquisition of a set of slices, the patient is held stationary during data collection and translated to the next axial location during an interscan delay. We demonstrate using computer simulations and scans of volunteers on a modified scanner how acceptable image quality is achieved if the patient translation time is overlapped with data acquisition. If the concurrent patient translation is ignored, structured artifacts significantly degrade resulting reconstructions. We present a number of weighting schemes for use with the conventional convolution/backprojection algorithm to reduce the structured artifacts through the use of projection modulation using the data from individual and multiple slices. We compare the methods with respect to structured artifacts, noise, resolution and to patient motion. Review of preliminary results by a panel of radiologists indicates that the residual image degradation is tolerable for selected applications when it is critical to acquire more slices in a patient breathing cycle than is possible with conventional scanning.
Swelling behaviors of polyelectrolyte hydrogels containing sulfonate groups (2002)

Abstract Series of maleate monoester and diester monomers based on poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether (MPEG) were copolymerized using the ionizable 2‐acrylamido‐2–methyl propane sulfonic acid (AMPS) via different dose rate of electron‐beam irradiation (40–150 kGy). The crosslinking of the copolymers were carried out in aqueous acidic solutions at pH 1 or in the presence of 1% N,N‐methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) as crosslinking agent. The final equilibrium water content and swelling capacities for the prepared hydrogels were determined in aqueous solutions at pH 1, 6.8, and 12 and in aqueous salt solutions at 298 K. Swelling equilibria for prepared hydrogels were determined in different molar salt solutions of NaCl, KCl, CaCl 2 , Na 2 SO 4 , K 2 SO 4 , and CaSO 4 . The swelling ratios of gels in pure water and in the salt solutions were found to depend on the counterion species in the increasing sequence of Ca 2+ , Na + and K + . Copyright © 2002 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Probing Antibody Binding to Canine Parvovirus with Charge Detection Mass Spectrometry (2018)

There are many techniques for monitoring and measuring the interactions between proteins and ligands. Most of these techniques are ensemble methods that can provide association constants and in some cases stoichiometry. Here we use charge detection mass spectrometry (CDMS), a single particle technique, to probe the interactions of antigen binding fragments (Fabs) from a series of antibodies with the canine parvovirus (CPV) capsid. In addition to providing the average number of bound Fabs as a function of Fab concentration (i.e., the binding curve), CDMS measurements provide information about the distribution of bound Fabs. We show that the distribution of bound ligands is much better at distinguishing between different binding models than the binding curve. The binding of Fab E to CPV is a textbook example. A maximum of 60 Fabs bind and the results are consistent with a model where all sites have the same binding affinity. However, for Fabs B, F, and 14, the distributions can only be fit by a model where there are distinct virus subpopulations with different binding affinities. This behavior can be distinguished from a situation where all CPV particles are identical, and each particle has the same distribution of sites with different binding affinities. The different responses to viral heterogeneity can be traced to the Fab binding sites. A comparison of Fab binding to new and aged CPV capsids reveals that a post-translational modification at the binding site for Fab E (M569) probably reduces the binding affinity.
Cholesterol-Linked Fluorescent Molecular Beacons with Enhanced Cell Permeability (2006)

We appended pyrene units covalently onto adenosine (forming A(P) units) and then incorporated them into oligonucleotides such that they were positioned in complementary locations in opposite strands in the middle positions of hairpin stems. System 1 (A(P)A(P)) behaves as an effective molecular beacon (MB) that changes color from green to blue upon duplex formation. In addition, we attached a cholesterol unit to a free terminus of one of these hairpins; this approach enhanced the cellular delivery of the modified MB relative to those encountered when using conventional transfection methods. These structurally simple cholesterol-based MB systems, which can be synthesized very efficiently, have good potential for opening up new and exciting opportunities in the field of in vivo biosensors.
A machine learning approach to yield management in semiconductor manufacturing (2000)

Yield improvement is one of the most important topics in semiconductor manufacturing. Traditional statistical methods are no longer feasible nor efficient, if possible, in analysing the vast amounts of data in a modern semiconductor manufacturing process. For instance, a typical wafer fabrication process has more than 1000 process parameters to record on a single wafer and one manufacturing plant may produce tens of thousands wafers a day. Traditional approaches have limits in extracting the full benefits of the data. Therefore, the manufacturing data is poorly exploited even in the most sophisticated processes. Now it is widely accepted that machine learning techniques can provide powerful tools for continuous quality improvement in a large and complex process such as semiconductor manufacturing. In this work, memory based reasoning (MBR) and neural network (NN) learning are combined for yield improvement and an integrated framework is proposed for a yield management system based on hybrid machine learning techniques. In this hybrid system of NN and MBR, the feature weight set which is calculated from the trained neural network plays the core role in connecting both learning strategies and the explanation on prediction can be given by obtaining and presenting the most similar examples from the case base. The proposed system has advantages in typical semiconductor manufacturing problems such as scalability to large datasets, high dimensions and adaptability to dynamic situations.
An authorization model for a distributed hypertext system (1996)

Digital libraries support quick and efficient access to a large number of information sources that are distributed but interlinked. As the amount of information to be shared grows, the need to restrict access only to specific users or for specific usage will surely arise. The protection of information in digital libraries, however, is difficult because of the peculiarity of the hypertext paradigm which is generally used to represent information in digital libraries, together with the fact that related data in a hypertext are often distributed at different sites. We present an authorization model for distributed hypertext systems. Our model supports authorizations at different granularity levels, takes into consideration different types of data and the relationships among them, and allows administrative privileges to be delegated.
A Comparison of VLSI Architectures for Time and Transform Domain Decoding of Reed-Solomon Codes (1988)

It is well known that the Euclidean algorithm or its equivalent, continued fractions, can be used to find the error locator polynomial needed to decode a Reed-Solomon (RS) code. It is shown that this algorithm can be used for both time and transform domain decoding by replacing its initial conditions with the Forney syndromes and the erasure locator polynomial. By this means both the errata locator polynomial and the errate evaluator polynomial can be obtained with the Euclidean algorithm. With these ideas, both time and transform domain Reed-Solomon decoders for correcting errors and erasures are simplified and compared. As a consequence, the architectures of Reed-Solomon decoders for correcting both errors and erasures can be made more modular, regular, simple, and naturally suitable for VLSI implementation.
Biochemical analysis of initial triggering events of IgE-mediated histamine release from human lung mast cells. (1983)

Mast cells were isolated from human lung tissues by counter current centrifugation elutriation, followed by flotation through Percoll gradients. Purified human mast cells released histamine upon challenge with anti-IgE. An optimal concentration of anti-IgE for maximum histamine release from human lung mast cells was comparable to that required for histamine release from normal human basophil granulocytes. Human lung mast cells could be passively sensitized with mouse monoclonal IgE antibody for antigen-induced histamine release. Bridging of cell-bound IgE molecules on human mast cells by anti-IgE or its F(ab')2 fragments induced phospholipid methylation and an increase in intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP). Incorporation of [3H]methyl groups into phospholipid reached a maximum at 30 sec after challenge with anti-IgE, whereas intracellular cAMP reached a maximum at 1 min. Both values declined to base line levels within 2 to 3 min. These biochemical events were followed by Ca2+ influx and histamine release. Ca2+ uptake and histamine release reached maximum at 2 to 3 min and 5 to 8 min, respectively. Neither phospholipid methylation nor initial rise in cAMP was inhibited by indomethacin, which indicates that these biochemical events are not the result of prostaglandin synthesis. However, inhibition of phospholipid methylation by inhibitors of S-adenosyl-L-methionine-mediated methylation, such as 3-deazaadenosine and S-isobutyryl 3-deazaadenosine, inhibited not only phospholipid methylation but also cAMP rise and subsequent Ca2+ uptake and histamine release. The results indicate that phospholipid methylation induced by bridging of IgE receptors on human mast cells is essential for Ca2+ influx and histamine release.