gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
β2-Glycoprotein I Deficiency and the Risk of Thrombosis (1992)

beta 2-glycoprotein I (beta 2-GP I) is a plasma protein with a high affinity for negatively charged surfaces. In vitro this protein shows a variety of anticoagulant properties (inhibition of contact activation and platelet dependent prothrombinase activity). Therefore we studied the possibility that a hereditary beta 2-GP I deficiency is a risk factor for (familial) thrombophilia. Plasma beta 2-GP I levels were measured in healthy volunteers and four different groups of patients with (familial) thrombophilia. In these 5 groups the prevalence of beta 2-GP I deficiency (i.e. beta 2-GP I antigen less than 77%) was found to be very similar (6.8-12.5%) and statistically not significantly different. This observation suggests that beta 2-GP I deficiency in itself is not a risk factor for thrombosis. One thrombophilic patient was found to be homozygous deficient of beta 2-GP I. The transmission of the defect in his family followed autosomal inheritance. One of his brothers was also homozygous deficient and at the age of 35 years still free of thromboembolic complications. The possibility that beta 2-GP I deficiency could be an additional risk factor for the development of thrombophilia in families with protein C deficiency was evaluated in a panel of 70 unrelated patients with clinically dominant protein C deficiency. The prevalence of beta 2-GP I deficiency in this group of patients (12.8%) was very similar to that in other groups of normals and patients. Moreover, there was no difference in the frequency of beta 2-GP I deficiency in symptomatic and asymptomatic protein C deficient patients.
A human gene encoding morphine modulating peptides related to NPFF and FMRFamide (1997)

FMRFamide-related peptides have been isolated from both invertebrates and vertebrates and exhibit a wide range of biological effects in rats. We show here that in humans 2 FMRFamide-related peptides are encoded by a single gene expressed as a spliced mRNA. The larger predicted peptide (AGEGLNSQFWSLAAPQRFamide) differs from the peptide isolated from bovines (AGEGLSSPFWSLAAPQRFamide) by the substitutions of 2 amino acids. The shorter predicted peptide (NPSF, SQAFLFQPQRFamide) is 3 amino acids longer than the bovine 8 amino-acid NPFF (FLFQPQRFamide) or the human NPFF peptide isolated from serum [5], suggesting that the encoded protein is subject to cleavage by a tripeptidyl peptidase or by a novel processing mechanism. On rat spinal cord, the larger peptide is indistinguishable in activity from the equivalent bovine peptide whereas the smaller extended peptide is inactive.
Impact of Processing Temperature and Composition on the Formation of Methylammonium Lead Iodide Perovskites (2015)

A delicate control of the stoichiometry, crystallographic phase, and grain structure of the photoactive material is typically required to fabricate high-performance photovoltaic (PV) devices. Organo-metal halide perovskite materials, however, exhibit a large degree of tolerance in synthesis and can be fabricated into high efficiency devices by a variety of different vacuum and solution-based processes, with a wide range of precursor ratios. This suggests that the phase field for the desired material is wider than expected or that high device efficiency may be achieved with a range of phases. Here, we investigate the structural and optical properties of the materials formed when a range of compositions of methylammonium iodide (MAI) and lead iodide (PbI2) were reacted at temperatures from 40 to 190 °C. The reactions were performed according to a commonly employed synthetic approach for high efficiency PV devices, and the data was analyzed to construct a pseudobinary, temperature-dependent, phase-composition processing diagram. Escape of MAI vapor at the highest temperatures (150–190 °C) enabled a PbI2 phase to persist to very high MAI concentrations, and the processing diagram was not representative of phase equilibrium in this range. Data from reactions performed with a fixed vapor pressure of MAI allowed the high temperature portion of the diagram to be corrected and a near-equilibrium phase diagram to be proposed. The perovskite phase field is wider than previously thought under both processing conditions and extended by the existence of stacked perovskite sheet phases. Several aspects of the diagrams clarify why the organo-halide perovskite materials are compatible with solution processing.
Tunable Dual-band IFA Antenna using LC Resonators (2011)

A tunable dual-band inverted F antenna (IFA) is presented in this paper. By placing a LC resonator on the radiating arm, dual-band characteristic is achieved. Especially, the capacitor in the resonator is a tunable thin-film BST capacitor, which has a 3.3:1 tuning ratio. The capacitance of the BST capacitors can be tuned by an external DC bias voltage. By varying the capacitance, both the lower band and the upper band of the IFA antenna can be tuned. And the total bandwidth can cover six systems, i.e., GSM-850, GSM-900, GPS, DCS, PCS, and UMTS.
Paneth cell antimicrobial peptides: Topographical distribution and quantification in human gastrointestinal tissues (2006)

Antimicrobial peptides and proteins are key effectors of innate immunity, expressed both by circulating phagocytic cells and by epithelial cells of mucosal tissues. In the human small intestine, Paneth cells are secretory epithelial cells that express the antimicrobials human alpha-defensin-5 (HD5), HD6, lysozyme and secretory phospholipase A(2) (sPLA(2)), and recent studies have implicated reduced HD5 and HD6 expression levels in the pathogenesis of ileal Crohn's disease. However, expression levels of these molecules have not been determined routinely by techniques that readily permit quantitative comparisons of their distribution between tissues and samples. Using quantitative real-time PCR with external standards and Northern blot analysis, we compared expression levels of mRNA encoding these four Paneth cell antimicrobial peptides, as well as circulating human neutrophil defensins in several different gastrointestinal tissues and the bone marrow. HD5 and HD6 were the most abundant antimicrobials expressed in the small intestine. The concentration of HD5 mRNA is approximately 5 x 10(5) copies per 10ng RNA in the jejunum and ileum; HD6 mRNA levels were about six times lower than those of HD5. With the exception of low levels in the pancreas (10(3) copies/10 ng RNA), the expression of HD5 and HD6 in tissues other than small intestine was at or below detectable limits. The expression of sPLA2 and lysozyme mRNA was observed in the small intestine (approximately, 3 x 10(3) and 9 x 10(3) copies/10 ng RNA, respectively), but also in several other tissues. Lysozyme expression was high in the duodenum (10(5) copies/10 ng RNA), and the protein localized to both Brunner's glands in the lamina propria and Paneth cells. By comparison, the hematopoietic alpha-defensins HNP1-3 mRNA were detected at 6 x 10(5) copies per 10 ng RNA in the bone marrow. These quantitative RT-PCR data from healthy tissues represents the first quantitative topographical assessment of antimicrobial expression in the gastrointestinal tract and provides a means to directly compare expression levels between healthy tissues and disease specimens for multiple antimicrobial peptides.
Synergism of Accessory Factors in Functional Expression of Mammalian Odorant Receptors (2007)

The discovery of odorant receptors led to endeavors in matching them with their cognate ligands. Although it has been challenging to functionally express odorant receptors in heterologous cells, previous studies have linked efficient odorant receptor expression with N-terminal modifications and accessory proteins, including the receptor-transporting proteins (RTPs) and Ric8b. Here we have shown that a shorter form of RTP1, RTP1S, supports robust cell-surface and functional expression of representative odorant receptors. Using a combination of accessory proteins, including RTP1S, Ric8b, and G(alphaolf), a diverse set of untagged odorant receptors were successfully expressed heterologously due to the synergistic effects among the various accessory proteins. Furthermore, the addition of an N-terminal rhodopsin tag to the odorant receptors, along with the same set of accessory proteins, exhibits an additional level of synergism, inducing enhanced odorant receptor responses to odorants and thus defining a more efficient heterologous expression system. We then showed that the presence or absence of different N-terminal tags has little effect on the ligand specificity of odorant receptors, although the amount of receptor expressed can play a role in the ligand response profile. The accuracy of the odorant receptor heterologous expression system involving tagged odorant receptors and various accessory proteins promises success in high throughput de-orphaning of mammalian odorant receptors.
Flash 5 for Windows and Macintosh (2000)

From the Publisher:
Learn Flash 5 with this best-selling visual reference!

Flash 5 for Windows and Macintosh: Visual QuickStart Guide is a step-by-step guide to creating animations and interactive vector graphics using Macromedia Flash 5. This easy, visual approach to learning Flash will get you up and running with the software in no time. You can start with the excellent introduction to the basics of vector drawing, or go straight to the step-by-step instructions for creating Flash movies, incorporating sound, and adding other multimedia effects to your site. Filled with screen shots and loaded with tips and techniques, this is a perfect addition to any Web designer's bookshelf.
Effects of erythrocyte flexibility on microvascular perfusion and oxygenation during acute anemia (2007)

Responses to exchange transfusion using red blood cells (RBCs) with normal and reduced flexibility were studied in the hamster window chamber model during acute moderate isovolemic hemodilution to determine the role of RBC membrane stiffness in microvascular perfusion and tissue oxygenation. Erythrocyte stiffness was increased by 30-min incubation in 0.02% glutaraldehyde solution, and unreacted glutaraldehyde was completely removed. Filtration pressure through 5-microm pore size filters was used to quantify stiffness of the RBCs. Anemic conditions were induced by two isovolemic hemodilution steps using 6% 70-kDa dextran to a hematocrit (Hct) of 18% (moderate hemodilution). The protocol continued with an exchange transfusion to reduce native RBCs to 75% of baseline (11% Hct) with either fresh RBCs (RBC group) or reduced-flexibility RBCs (GRBC group) suspended in 5% albumin at 18% Hct; a plasma expander (6% 70-kDa dextran; Dex70 group) was used as control. Systemic parameters, microvascular perfusion, capillary perfusion [functional capillary density (FCD)], and oxygen levels across the microvascular network were measured by noninvasive methods. RBC deformability for GRBCs was significantly decreased compared with RBCs and moderate hemodilution conditions. The GRBC group had a greater mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) than the RBC and Dex70 groups. FCD was substantially higher for RBC (0.81 +/- 0.07 of baseline) vs. GRBC (0.32 +/- 0.10 of baseline) and Dex70 (0.38 +/- 0.10 of baseline) groups. Microvascular tissue Po(2) was significantly lower for Dex70 and GRBC vs. RBC groups and the moderate hemodilution condition. Results were attributed to decreased oxygen uploading in the lungs and obstruction of tissue capillaries by rigidified RBCs, indicating that the effects impairing RBC flexibility are magnified at the microvascular level, where perfusion and oxygenation may define transfusion outcome.
Plasmin Produces an E-Cadherin Fragment That Stimulates Cancer Cell Invasion (2002)

Matrix metalloproteases from the cell surface cleave an 80 kDa E-cadherin fragment (sE-CAD) that induces invasion of cancer cells into collagen type I and inhibits cellular aggregation. Conditioned media from MDCKts.srcCl2 cells at 40 degrees C and 35 degrees C, PCm.src5 and COLO-16 cells at 37 degrees C contained spontaneously released sE-CAD; these 48 h old conditioned media were capable of inhibiting E-cadherin functions in a paracrine way. Here we show direct cleavage of the extracellular domain of E-cadherin by the serine protease plasmin. sE-CAD released by plasmin inhibits E-cadherin functions as evidenced by induction of invasion into collagen type I and inhibition of cellular aggregation. This functional inhibition by sE-CAD was reversed by aprotinin or by immunoadsorption on protein Sepharose 4 fast flow beads with antibodies against the extracellular part of E-cadherin. Our results demonstrate that plasmin produces extracellular E-cadherin fragments which regulate E-cadherin function in cells containing an intact E-cadherin/catenin complex.
Melanie II – a third‐generation software package for analysis of two‐dimensional electrophoresis images: I. Features and user interface (1997)

Although two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) computer analysis software packages have existed ever since 2-DE technology was developed, it is only now that the hardware and software technology allows large-scale studies to be performed on low-cost personal computers or workstations, and that setting up a 2-DE computer analysis system in a small laboratory is no longer considered a luxury. After a first attempt in the seventies and early eighties to develop 2-DE analysis software systems on hardware that had poor or even no graphical capabilities, followed in the late eighties by a wave of innovative software developments that were possible thanks to new graphical interface standards such as XWindows, a third generation of 2-DE analysis software packages has now come to maturity. It can be run on a variety of low-cost, general-purpose personal computers, thus making the purchase of a 2-DE analysis system easily attainable for even the smallest laboratory that is involved in proteome research. Melanie II 2-D PAGE, developed at the University Hospital of Geneva, is such a third-generation software system for 2-DE analysis. Based on unique image processing algorithms, this user-friendly object-oriented software package runs on multiple platforms, including Unix, MS-Windows 95 and NT, and Power Macintosh. It provides efficient spot detection and quantitation, state-of-the-art image comparison, statistical data analysis facilities, and is Internet-ready. Linked to proteome databases such as those available on the World Wide Web, it represents a valuable tool for the "Virtual Lab" of the post-genome area.
Visuomotor functions of central thalamus in monkey. I. Unit activity related to spontaneous eye movements (1984)

The region in and around the thalamic internal medullary lamina (IML) in the cat recently has been shown to contain neurons active with ocular saccades and responding to visual stimuli. In the present study, single-unit microelectrode recordings were made in the corresponding thalamic region of the alert monkey in order to determine whether neurons with similar properties existed. Our objective was to specify the functional characteristics of these thalamic cells in the monkey, since 1) cell populations in the central thalamus form an important link between brain stem structures, such as superior colliculus and paramedian pontine reticular formation, and cortical areas, such as frontal eye field and inferior parietal lobule; and 2) most neurophysiological information on these structures with regard to gaze mechanisms has been obtained in primates. In this first part of the study we report observations on 164 thalamic units whose activity was related to the performance of spontaneous eye movements, head fixed. The animals had been trained on a visual discrimination task but photic stimuli were used only for calibrating the eye-position recording and for inducing small saccades and smooth pursuit. The experiments were performed in dim red light and in total darkness. Three types of units were found: 67 saccadic burst units, 58 saccade pause-rebound units, and 39 eye-position units. Sixty-two of the burst units had a directional preference. Most of the on-directions were contraversive, and it was in such units that the lead time of firing before saccades was the longest (up to at least 400 ms). Some of the burst units had a movement field, others fired more intensively and with a longer lead time, depending on the eccentricity of the eye position reached in orbit. The five units with no directional preference were the ones showing the best relation of burst duration with saccade duration. Three types of pause-rebound units were distinguished, depending on whether the saccadic pause or the postsaccadic burst was the most conspicuous event or the pause occurred after saccade offset. The three types were called, respectively, omnipausers, omnirebound cells, and late pausers. Omnipausers and omnirebound cells had no directional preference but their typical firing patterns occurred very consistently with all saccades, even less than 2 degrees. In a few units, the rebound progressively faded away in total darkness. The relation of firing rate of eye-position units with eccentricity of the eyes in orbit was analyzed. Fluctuations in time and a hysteresis effect were found to affect this relation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Iron-Assisted Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution on Solid Phase (2002)

Iron-assisted S(N)Ar reactions were performed for the first time on solid phase, and a library of 36 unsymmetrically substituted phenylpiperazines and phenyl-1,4-diazepanes was synthesized with this novel strategy. The scope of iron-assisted S(N)Ar reactions on solid phase was investigated, and reactions of representative nucleophiles from groups VI (O, S, and Se) and V (N and P) of the periodic table were examined. Decomplexation of resin-bound iron complexes was achieved with 1,10-phenanthroline under irradiation, thereby overcoming the notorious disadvantages of decomplexation observed in solution-phase chemistry.
Purification and Properties of NADPH-linked Diacetyl Reductase (<i>S</i>-Acetoin Forming) from<i>Bacillus polymyxa</i> (1987)

Journal Article Purification and Properties of NADPH-linked Diacetyl Reductase (S-Acetoin Forming) from Bacillus polymyxa Get access Sadaharu Ui, Sadaharu Ui Department of Fermentation Technology, Yamanashi University, Kofu, Yamanashi 400, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Takahito Masuda, Takahito Masuda Department of Fermentation Technology, Yamanashi University, Kofu, Yamanashi 400, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Hiroshi Masuda, Hiroshi Masuda Department of Fermentation Technology, Yamanashi University, Kofu, Yamanashi 400, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Hiroyuki Muraki Hiroyuki Muraki Department of Fermentation Technology, Yamanashi University, Kofu, Yamanashi 400, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 51, Issue 5, 1 May 1987, Pages 1447–1448, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1987.10868222 Published: 01 May 1987 Article history Received: 11 November 1986 Published: 01 May 1987
THE PROVENANCE OF TAKLAMAKAN DESERT SANDS——TO TRACE THE CENOZOIC PALAEO-OCEAN (2011)

The Taklamakan Desert is located between 37°N to 41°N of west China with a total area of 337,600km2.It is the 2nd largest mobile desert in the world.Sand dunes are the major features,with an average height of 100~200 meters.Some are even 200~300 meters in height.The study mainly concerns the original provenance of such a thick layer of dune sands.So far multidisciplinary studies have been carried out in this region,including the structural outline of the Tarim basin,where the desert is located,elevated channel valleys,sedimentary facies of bedrock strata,microfossils,petroleum and natural gas resources,gypsum and salt lake strata,thick layer of the desert mobile sands,and surface textures of quartz sands of the desert,etc.All the evidence indicates that the desert sands were originated from the desiccated Miocene ocean.During that time,the Taram basin was under a marine environment as part of the New Tethys Ocean.During late Miocene of 10~5 million years ago,the New Tethys Sea there was closed by elevated surrounding mountains,and became an inland basin later with scattered lakes and swamps,then,gradually dried up to be a desert.Thus,the Miocene paleo-ocean was the sandy material foundation for the development of the Taklamakan Desert.In fact,there were multiple sources of sandy materials: weathering and denudation formed gravel sands;mountain glaciers produced sandy gravel and dust;pluvial fan deposited sands and gravels;wind blowing sands,river and lake sands,etc.However,the major provenance of sands is the Miocene paleo-ocean,and the marine sandy deposits within the ocean.
c-Myc Target Genes Involved in Cell Growth, Apoptosis, and Metabolism (1999)

The c-myc gene was discovered as the cellular homolog of the retroviral v-myc oncogene 20 years ago (23, 25, 167). The c-myc proto-oncogene was subsequently found to be activated in various animal and human tumors (37, 39, 42). It belongs to the family of myc genes that includes B-myc, L-myc, N-myc, and s-myc; however, only c-myc, L-myc, and N-myc have neoplastic potential (54, 82, 102, 118, 178). Targeted homozygous deletion of the murine c-myc gene results in embryonic lethality, suggesting that it is critical for development (43). Homozygous inactivation of c-myc in rat fibroblasts caused a marked prolongation of cell doubling time, further suggesting a central role for c-myc in regulating cell proliferation (121).

The frequency of genetic alterations of c-myc in human cancers (42) has allowed an estimation that approximately 70,000 U.S. cancer deaths per year are associated with changes in the c-myc gene or its expression. Given that c-myc may contribute to one-seventh of U.S. cancer deaths, recent efforts have been directed toward understanding the function of the c-Myc protein in cancer biology with the hope that therapeutic insights will emerge. Past efforts, which have contributed significantly to our current understanding of c-myc, are discussed in a number of excellent reviews (23, 29, 37, 40, 44, 52, 66, 82, 94, 102, 118, 125, 132, 145, 178, 182, 186).