gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antigen processing in populations of mature murine dendritic cells is caused by subsets of incompletely matured cells (1995)

Immature dendritic cells (DC), such as freshly isolated Langerhans cells (LC), are excellent at processing native protein Ag. During short term culture they shut off MHC class II synthesis and down-regulate their processing capacity. They retain, however, the MHC/peptide complexes, up-regulate adhesion and costimulatory molecules, and acquire the ability to sensitize T cells. Two reports describing substantial processing activity in populations of mature DC prompted us to undertake an extensive comparative study of the Ag-processing capacities of immature vs mature DC. We used a panel of 17 peptide-specific T cell hybridomas restricted by six different MHC class II molecules: I-Ab, I-A(d), I-E(d), hybrid I-A beta dE alpha, I-Ak, and I-Ek. Side by side comparisons revealed in all cases that freshly isolated LC were superior to cultured mature LC in their ability to process native proteins. With some hybridomas, however, we found a considerable degree of processing by populations of cultured LC at high doses of Ag or Ag-presenting cells. This activity, however, did not correlate with the MHC haplotype. Direct comparison over wide ranges of DC doses or Ag doses showed that it was always less than that of corresponding fresh immature LC. Immunoperoxidase staining of cytospins and flow cytometry with mAb In1 disclosed a small (20% maximum) subset of cultured LC expressing the MHC class II-associated invariant chain, indicating ongoing biosynthesis of this molecule and, thus, incomplete maturation of these LC. Therefore, the residual processing activity observed in populations of mature DC may be explained by small subpopulations of incompletely matured DC.
LEKTI, a Novel 15-Domain Type of Human Serine Proteinase Inhibitor (1999)

Proteinase inhibitors are important negative regulators of proteinase action in vivo. We have succeeded in isolating two previously unknown polypeptides (HF6478 and HF7665) from human blood filtrate that are parts of a larger precursor protein containing two typical Kazal-type serine proteinase inhibitor motifs. The entire precursor protein, as deduced from the nucleotide sequence of the cloned cDNA, exhibits 15 potential inhibitory domains, including the Kazal-type domains, HF6478, HF7665, and 11 additional similar domains. An inhibitory effect of HF7665 on trypsin activity is demonstrated. Because all of the 13 HF6478- and HF7665-related domains share partial homology to the typical Kazal-type domain but lack one of the three conserved disulfide bonds, they may represent a novel type of serine proteinase inhibitor. The gene encoding the multidomain proteinase inhibitor, which we have termed LEKTI, was localized on human chromosome 5q31-32. As shown by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and Northern blot analysis, it is expressed in the thymus, vaginal epithelium, Bartholin's glands, oral mucosa, tonsils, and the parathyroid glands. From these results, we assume that LEKTI may play a role in anti-inflammatory and/or antimicrobial protection of mucous epithelia.
Tissular expression and regulation of type 1 angiotensin II receptor subtypes by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis. (1994)

Recent studies have revealed that angiotensin II (Ang II) interacts with two pharmacologically different types of seven-transmembrane domain receptors, hence named Ang II type 1 and type 2 (AT1 and AT2) receptors. cDNAs for the AT1 receptor have been cloned, and the existence of two receptor subtypes, AT1A and AT1B, has been revealed in rat and mouse. This study presents a new approach for the specific quantification of AT1A and AT1B receptor mRNAs by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction amplification in the presence of an AT1 receptor mutant cRNA as internal standard. Absolute quantities of mRNA are then determined by extrapolation using the standard curve generated with the internal standard. Moreover, addition of this internal standard to each tube controls for both reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction amplification in each sample. In male Wistar rats, the highest absolute AT1A receptor mRNA levels were found in liver and kidney and those for AT1B receptor mRNA in the pituitary. Expressed as a percentage of total AT1A+AT1B receptor mRNA content, AT1A receptor mRNA content was 100% in liver, 85% in lung, 73% in kidney, 65% in aorta, 48% in adrenals, and 15% in the hypophysis. Since this approach can determine absolute AT1A and AT1B receptor mRNA quantities in different organs, it allows the study of the regulation of their expression under different pathophysiological conditions. After sodium depletion, known to induce hyperactivity of the renin-angiotensin system, adrenal AT1A and AT1B receptor mRNA levels were increased by 60% and 110%, respectively. In contrast, in renovascular hypertension (two-kidney, one clip), also associated with elevated circulating plasma renin activity, adrenal AT1B receptor mRNA levels decreased by 50%, whereas there was no change in those of AT1A. Therefore, the differential distribution and regulation of these two receptor subtypes suggest that each of them might be involved in the mediation of different biological effects of Ang II.
<i>In situ</i> cell detection using piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate-stainless steel cantilevers (2002)

We have investigated piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT)-stainless steel cantilevers as real-time in-water cell detectors using yeast cells as a model system. Earlier studies have shown that mass changes of a cantilever can be detected by monitoring the resonance frequency shift. In this study, two PZT-stainless steel cantilevers with different sensitivities were used to detect the presence of yeast cells in a suspension. The stainless steel cantilever tip was coated with poly-L-lysine that attracted yeast cells from the suspension, and immobilized them on the cantilever surface. After immersing the poly-L-lysine coated tip in a yeast suspension, the flexural resonance frequency of the cantilever was monitored with time. The flexural resonance frequency decreased with time in agreement with the optical micrographs that showed increasing amount of adsorbed yeast cells with time. The resonance frequency shifts are further shown to be consistent with both the mass of immobilized cells on the poly-L-lysine coated stainless steel surface and that deduced from the optical micrographs. Furthermore, under the present experimental conditions where the cell diffusion distance is smaller than the linear dimension of the adsorption area, it is shown that the rate of resonance frequency shift is linear with the cell concentration and the rate of resonance frequency shift can be used to quantify the cell concentration.
Application of heuristic search and information theory to sequential fault diagnosis (1990)

The problem of constructing optimal and near-optimal test sequences to diagnose permanent faults in electronic and electromechanical systems is considered. The test sequencing problem is formulated as an optimal binary AND/OR decision tree construction problem, whose solution is known to be NP-complete. The approach used is based on integrated concepts from information theory and heuristic AND/OR graph search methods to subdue the computational explosion of the optimal test-sequencing problem. Lower bounds on the optimal cost-to-go from the information-theoretic concepts of Huffman coding and entropy are derived. These lower bounds ensure that an optimal solution is found using the heuristic AND/OR graph search algorithms; they have made it possible to obtain optimal test sequences to problems that are intractable with traditional dynamic programming techniques. In addition, a class of test-sequencing algorithms that provide a tradeoff between solution quality and complexity have been derived using the epsilon -optimal and limited search strategies.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Liveness Measurements Using Optical Flow for Biometric Person Authentication (2012)

Liveness Measurements Using Optical Flow for Biometric Person Authentication Biometric identification systems, i.e. the systems that are able to recognize humans by analyzing their physiological or behavioral characteristics, have gained a lot of interest in recent years. They can be used to raise the security level in certain institutions or can be treated as a convenient replacement for PINs and passwords for regular users. Automatic face recognition is one of the most popular biometric technologies, widely used even by many low-end consumer devices such as netbooks. However, even the most accurate face identification algorithm would be useless if it could be cheated by presenting a photograph of a person instead of the real face. Therefore, the proper liveness measurement is extremely important. In this paper we present a method that differentiates between video sequences showing real persons and their photographs. First we calculate the optical flow of the face region using the Farnebäck algorithm. Then we convert the motion information into images and perform the initial data selection. Finally, we apply the Support Vector Machine to distinguish between real faces and photographs. The experimental results confirm that the proposed approach could be successfully applied in practice.
Effect of muscle length on strength and dexterity after stroke (2000)

Since there was no differential loss of dexterity, it appears that differential loss of strength, especially in the shortened range, may explain the clinical observation of poorer function at one muscle length than another after stroke. Specific training to strengthen the muscles in these ranges is therefore of clinical importance for rehabilitation.
Hsc/Hsp70 Interacting Protein (Hip) Associates with CXCR2 and Regulates the Receptor Signaling and Trafficking (2002)

The ligand-induced trafficking of chemokine receptors plays a significant role in the regulation of inflammatory processes and human immunodeficiency infection. Although many chemokine receptors have been demonstrated to internalize through clathrin-coated vesicles, a process that involves the binding of arrestins to the receptors, accumulating evidence has suggested the possible existence of other regulators. In a yeast two-hybrid screening using the C-terminal domain of CXCR2 as a bait, the Hsc70-interacting protein (Hip) was identified to interact with CXCR2. Hip binds CXCR2 through its C-terminal domain binding to the C-terminal leucine-rich domain (KILAIHGLI) of CXCR2. Hip associates with CXCR2 or CXCR4 in intact cells, and agonist stimulation increases the association. Mutation of the Ile-Leu motif in the C-terminal domain of CXCR2 blocks the agonist-dependent association of the mutant receptor with Hip. Overexpression of a tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) deletion mutant form of Hip (Delta TPR), which is unable to bind Hsc70 (Prapapanich, V., Chen, S., Nair, S. C., Rimerman, R. A., and Smith, D. F. (1996) Mol. Endocrinol. 10, 420-431), but retains the ability to bind CXCR2, does not affect CXCR2-mediated mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. However, overexpression of Delta TPR significantly attenuates the agonist-induced internalization of CXCR2 and CXCR4 and attenuates CXCR2-mediated chemotaxis. These findings open the possibility for regulation of chemokine receptor signaling and trafficking by protein chaperone molecules.
Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of<i>Tagetes minuta</i>L. from Zambia (1998)

Abstract The hydrodistilled oil of Tagetes minuta L. was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The main components in the oil were dihydrotagetone (30.0%), (Z)-β-ocimene (23.6%), (Z)-tagetone (14.1%), limonene (8.3%) and (E)-tagetone (6.3%).
Current evaluation of the tissue localization and diagnostic utility of prostate specific membrane antigen. (1998)

PSMA is a widely used marker for prostate epithelial cells. Its up-regulation in association with cancer, particularly in advanced cancer, is ideal for application as a prognostic marker. A variety of promising clinical applications utilizing PSMA have been or are being developed. In the future, these promise to have an important impact on cancer diagnosis and patient treatment.
Mechanisms of platelet activation by a stimulatory antibody: cross-linking of a novel platelet receptor for monoclonal antibody F11 with the Fc<i>γ</i>RII receptor (1995)

The mechanisms by which a stimulatory monoclonal antibody (mAb), called mAb F11, induces granular secretion and aggregation in human platelets have been characterized. Fab fragments of mAb F11, as well as an mAb directed against the platelet Fc gamma RII receptor (mAb IV.3) were found to inhibit mAb F11-induced platelet secretion and aggregation, indicating that the mAb F11 IgG molecule interacts with the Fc gamma RII receptor through its Fc domain and with its own antigen through its Fab domain. The mAb F11 recognized two platelet proteins of 32 and 35 kDa on the platelet membrane surface, as identified by Western blot analysis. We purified both proteins from human platelet membranes using DEAE-Sepharose chromatography followed by mAb F11 affinity chromatography. When added to platelet-rich plasma, the purified proteins dose-dependently inhibited mAb F11-induced platelet aggregation. The purified protein preparation also competitively inhibited the binding of 125I-labelled mAb F11 to intact platelets. The N-terminal 26 amino acid sequences of both the 32 and 35 kDa proteins were identical and contained a single unblocked serine in the N-terminal position. When digested with N-glycanase, the 32 and 35 kDa proteins were converted into a single approximately 29 kDa protein, indicating that these two proteins are derived from the same core protein but differ in their degree of glycosylation. Internal amino acid sequence analysis of the F11 antigen provided information concerning 68 amino acids and suggested two consensus phosphorylation sites for protein kinase C (PKC). The phosphorylation by PKC of the isolated F11 antigen was observed following stimulation by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. Databank analysis of the N-terminal and internal amino acid sequences of the F11 antigen indicated that the N-terminal sequence exhibited the highest degree of similarity to the variable region of the alpha-chain of human T-cell receptors (TCR). In contrast, the F11 internal sequences did not exhibit any similarity to the TCR. Our results demonstrate that the F11 antigen is a novel platelet membrane surface glycoprotein which becomes cross-linked with the Fc gamma RII receptor when platelets are activated by the stimulatory mAb F11. These mechanisms may be relevant to the production of immune thrombocytopenia by platelet-activating antibodies.
C-type Natriuretic Peptide (CNP): Cardiovascular Roles and Potential as a Therapeutic Target (2010)

Natriuretic peptides play a fundamental role in cardiovascular homeostasis by modulation of fluid and electrolyte balance and vascular tone. C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) represents the paracrine element of the natriuretic peptide axis which complements the endocrine actions of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). CNP is produced by the endothelium and the heart and appears to play a prominent role in vascular and cardiac function, both physiologically and pathologically. This provides a rationale for the therapeutic potential of pharmacological interventions targeted to CNP signalling. This article provides an overview of the biology and pharmacology of CNP, with emphasis on the cardiovascular system, and discusses pathologies in which drugs designed to manipulate CNP signalling maybe of clinical benefit.
Tentative Model of Integrating Authentic Captioned Video to Facilitate ESL Learning (2007)

Guided by relevant learning theories and based on the analysis of the attributes of captioned video, the Chinese ESL learners' characteristics and the characteristics of ESL learning itself, the paper tries to propose a model of integrating captioned video in ESL acquisition process. The model focuses on the feasibility of using captioned video to facilitate or support ESL learning.
The mechanics of spin coating of polymer films (1988)

The process of spin coating is described, with particular attention to applications in microelectronics. The physical mechanisms involved in the process are discussed and those mechanisms that affect the final state are identified, viz., centrifugal and viscous forces, solute diffusion, and solvent evaporation: A model is proposed that incorporates only the latter mechanisms, with viscosity and diffusivity depending on solute concentration. The evaporation of solvent during spinning causes the solution viscosity to increase and the flow is reduced. The thickness of the final solid film is related to the thickness of a diffusion boundary layer near the free surface. The model predicts the final dry film thickness in terms of the primary process variables, spin speed, and initial polymer concentration. A similarity boundary-layer analysis leads to a simple approximate result for the final film thickness that is consistent with limited experimental data, hf ∼KC0(ν0D0)1/4/Ω1/2, where K is a number of order unity and the other quantities are, respectively, the initial polymer concentration, the kinematic viscosity, the solute diffusivity, and the spin speed. The dependence on diffusivity has not previously been described theoretically. The total spin time is shown to be proportional to Ω−1, in agreement with experiment. The rate of solvent evaporation is shown to be proportional to Ω, which contradicts previous assumptions.
Next-Generation DNA Sequencing Methods (2008)

Recent scientific discoveries that resulted from the application of next-generation DNA sequencing technologies highlight the striking impact of these massively parallel platforms on genetics. These new methods have expanded previously focused readouts from a variety of DNA preparation protocols to a genome-wide scale and have fine-tuned their resolution to single base precision. The sequencing of RNA also has transitioned and now includes full-length cDNA analyses, serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE)-based methods, and noncoding RNA discovery. Next-generation sequencing has also enabled novel applications such as the sequencing of ancient DNA samples, and has substantially widened the scope of metagenomic analysis of environmentally derived samples. Taken together, an astounding potential exists for these technologies to bring enormous change in genetic and biological research and to enhance our fundamental biological knowledge.
Analysis of CAK activities from human cells (2000)

The cdk-activating kinase (CAK) activates cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks) that control cell-cycle progression by phosphorylating a threonine residue conserved in cdks. CAK from humans contains p40MO15 (cdk7), cyclin H and MAT1, which are also subunits of transcription factor IIH where they phosphorylate the C-terminal domain of the large subunit of RNA polymerase II. In contrast, budding yeast Cak1p is a monomeric enzyme without C-terminal domain kinase activity. Here, we analyze CAK activities in HeLa cells using cdk2-affinity chromatography. In addition to MO15, a second CAK activity was detected that runs on gel filtration at 30-40 kDa. This activity phosphorylated and activated cdk2 and cdk6. Furthermore, this 'small CAK' activity resembled Cak1p rather than MO15 in terms of substrate specificity, reactivity to antibodies against MO15 and Cak1p, and sensitivity to 5'-fluorosulfonylbenzoyladenosine, an irreversible inhibitory ATP analog. Our findings suggest the presence of at least two different CAK activities in human cells.
Passive optical integrated components for telecommunication (2003)

Cette étude introduit des nouvelles solutions et architectures de dispositif dédiés à des applications dans les systèmes 'Wavelength Division Multiplexing' de communications optiques, à trois niveaux de intégration. La plate-forme du référence est la technologie planaire, standard dans la microélectronique. Au premier niveau d'intégration (à l'échelle de cm) une technique pour la production de réseaux de Bragg en 'Planar Lightwave Circuits' est proposée et vérifiée expérimentalement. A un niveau intermédiaire (à l'échelle de mm) une nouvelle classe de filtres optiques et un 'Tunable Optical Add Drop Multiplexer' basés sur de microanneaux sont étudiés. Au plus haut niveau d'intégration (à l'échelle de la dizaine de microns), la "Self-Collimation" dans les Cristaux Photoniques est exploré. On propose une méthode pour le croisement de guides d'ondes avec la suppression totale de "cross-talk" et le guide d'onde reconfigurable est présenté.
Reversal of low-molecular-weight heparin-induced bleeding in patients with pre-existing hypercoagulable states with human recombinant activated factor VII concentrate (2006)

Low-molecular-weight heparins are widely employed in prophylactic and therapeutic antithrombotic regimens for venous thromboembolic events. Excessive anticoagulation with low-molecular-weight heparins rarely can precipitate catastrophic bleeding complications. Currently, there is no specific or reliable antidote that can reverse the anticoagulant effects of low-molecular-weight heparins efficiently and safely. This report describes three individuals with underlying hypercoagulable states, who developed clinically significant bleeding complications while receiving therapeutic anticoagulation with enoxaparin. All of the hemorrhagic events subsequently were safely and effectively reversed with a single intravenous bolus infusion of recombinant activated factor VIIa (RFVIIa) concentrate. Hemoglobins, prothrombin times, and clinical overt bleeding were monitored before and after the administration of RFVIIa. In all three cases, bleeding was controlled without an increase in thrombotic events. Our findings demonstrate that RFVIIa can rapidly and safely reverse the hemorrhagic adverse effects associated with excessive levels of low-molecular-weight heparin in patients with pre-existing hypercoagulable conditions and/or acute venous thromboembolism.
Isolation and characterization of a <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> peptide transport gene (1994)

We have cloned and characterized a Saccharomyces cerevisiae peptide transport gene (PTR2) isolated from a genomic DNA library by directly selecting for functional complementation of a peptide transport-deficient mutant. Deletion and frameshift mutageneses were used to localize the complementing activity to a 3.1-kbp region on the transforming plasmid. DNA sequencing of the complementing region identified an open reading frame spanning 1,803 bp. The deduced amino acid sequence predicts a hydrophobic peptide consisting of 601 amino acids, having a molecular mass of 68.1 kDa, composed in part of 12 hydrophobic segments, and sharing significant similarities with a nitrate transport protein encoded by the CHL1 gene of Arabidopsis thaliana. Northern (RNA) hybridization experiments demonstrated a single transcript that was 1.8 kb in length and that was transiently induced by the addition of L-leucine to the growth medium. The PTR2 gene was localized to the right arm of chromosome XI by contour-clamped homogeneous electric field gel chromosome blotting and by hybridization to known chromosome XI lambda phage clones of S. cerevisiae DNA. PTR2 was tightly linked to the UBI2 gene, with the coding sequences being separated by a 466-bp region and oriented so that the genes were transcribed convergently. A chromosomal disruption of the PTR2 gene in a haploid strain was not lethal under standard growth conditions. The cloning of PTR2 represents the first example of the molecular genetic characterization of a eucaryotic peptide transport gene.