gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aspects on human amyloid forms and their fibril polypeptides (2005)

Amyloid is an in vivo fibrillar substance containing a fibril protein and several additional molecules. Presently, 25 proteins have been reported as main fibril components. Why just a few proteins form amyloid in vivo is still insufficiently understood. Many fibril proteins appear as fragments of larger precursors and for some types it is not clear whether fragmentation comes before or after fibrillation. The self-assembly by amyloid proteins can be speeded up by seeding with preformed fibrils. In mice, systemic amyloidoses are transmissible by a seeding mechanism. Whether this prion-like mechanism occurs in humans is not known, but can definitely not be ruled out.
Heparin and heparan sulfate: structure and function (2002)

This review covers the structure and function of heparin and heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans. Their chemical structures are discussed, including recently developed methods for sequencing picomole to nanomole quantities of heparin- and heparan sulfate-derived oligosaccharides. The biosynthesis of heparin and heparan sulfate is reviewed as it relates to their diverse and varied structures, and their biological activities and functions are discussed. The literature up to August 2001 is reviewed, and 208 references are cited.
Optimization of Shielded PCB Air-Core Toroids for High-Efficiency DC–DC Converters (2010)

The paper describes the design of optimized printed circuit board (PCB) air-core toroids for high-frequency dc–dc converters with strict requirements in terms of volume and noise. The effect of several design parameters on the overall inductor volume, on dc and ac winding resistance, and on the radiated noise will be investigated. PCB toroids are compared to standard air-core solenoids and other state-of-the-art air-core toroids both theoretically and experimentally: at first, using ANSOFT Maxwell and ANSOFT Q3D simulation tools, and subsequently, with laboratory measurements (irradiated noise, efficiency, and frequency response) on several prototypes. These very flexible and rather easy to manufacture inductors appear very attractive for compact high-frequency dc–dc converters where high efficiency, low volume, and low noise are of primary concern.
REGULATION OF NEURAL PRECURSOR DIFFERENTIATION IN THE EMBRYONIC AND ADULT FOREBRAIN (1995)

1. Precursors form the neuroepithelium of the developing cortex and also from the adult sub-ventricular zone, can be cloned in vitro after stimulation with fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 and have the potential to give rise to both neurons and glia. The generation of neurons from these clones can be stimulated by either a factor derived from an astrocyteprecursor line, Ast-1, or FGF-1. 2. Neuronal differentiation stimulated by FGF-1 can be inhibited by diacylglycerol-lipase inhibitor and mimicked by arachidonic acid, suggesting that the neuronal differentiation is signalled through the PCL gamma pathway. 3. The sequential expression of FGF-2 and FGF-1 within the developing forebrain neuroepithelium fits with the different functions the two FGF play in precursor regulation. 4. We have shown that the precursor response to FGF-1 is regulated by a heparan sulphate proteoglycan (HSPG) expressed within the developing neuroepithelium. Precursors restricted to the astrocyte cell lineage can be stimulated by epidermal growth factor or FGF-2; however, the differentiation into GFAP positive astrocytes appears to require a cytokine acting through the leukaemia inhibitory factor beta receptor.
A Generalized Framework on Beamformer Design and CSI Acquisition for Single-Carrier Massive MIMO Systems in Millimeter Wave Channels (2016)

In this paper, we establish a general framework on the reduced dimensional channel state information (CSI) estimation and pre-beamformer design for frequency-selective massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems employing single- carrier (SC) modulation in time division duplex (TDD) mode by exploiting the joint angle-delay domain channel sparsity in millimeter (mm) wave frequencies. First, based on a generic subspace projection taking the joint angle-delay power profile and user-grouping into account, the reduced-rank minimum mean square error (RR-MMSE) instantaneous CSI estimator is derived for spatially correlated wideband MIMO channels. Second, the statistical pre-beamformer design is considered for frequency-selective SC massive MIMO channels. We examine the dimension reduction problem and subspace (beamspace) construction on which the RR-MMSE estimation can be realized as accurately as possible. It is observed that the proposed techniques show remarkable robustness to the pilot interference (or contamination) with a significant reduction in pilot overhead.
Embryonic stem cell culture and gene targeting in transgenic mice. (1989)

Genetically altered embryonic stem (ES) cells re-injected into mouse blastocysts take part in the formation of all tissues, including the germ line, thus generating transgenic offspring. This approach in combination with the homologous recombination technology offers the possibility of altering ES cells in a controlled manner and therefore of generating transgenic mice with a predetermined genome. We summarize here advances in mouse embryology and genetics that have led to this exciting development.
Quantifying judgmental uncertainty: Methodology, experiences, and insights (1987)

Probability encoding is the process of extracting and quantifying subjective judgments about uncertain quantities. In the early 1970s, the Decision Analysis Group at SRI International recommended a formal process for probability encoding based on a structured interview between a trained interviewer and the subject. Additional methods have been developed for processing encoded probabilities to facilitate their use in decision analysis calculations. The SRI encoding process and its extensions are reviewed, and some examples and insights regarding the techniques that decision analysts have found effective for quantifying judgmental uncertainty are presented.
The use of morphokinetics as a predictor of embryo implantation (2011)

The image acquisition and time-lapse analysis system makes it possible to determine exact timing of embryo cleavages in a clinical setting. We propose a multivariable model based on our findings to classify embryos according to their probability of implantation. The efficacy of this classification will be evaluated in a prospective randomized study that ultimately will determine if implantation rates can be improved by time-lapse analysis.
The Tie receptor tyrosine kinase is expressed by human hematopoietic progenitor cells and by a subset of megakaryocytic cells (1996)

Growth factor receptors in human hematopoietic progenitor cells have become the focus of intense interest, because they may provide tools for the monitoring, enrichment, and expansion of stem cells. We have shown earlier that the Tie receptor tyrosine kinase is expressed in erythroid and megakaryoblastic human leukemia cell lines, in the blood islands of the yolk sac, and in endothelial cells starting from day 8.0 of mouse development. Here, the expression of Tie was studied in human hematopoietic cells of various sources. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were Tie-. However, a large fraction of CD34+ cells from umbilical cord blood (UCB) and bone marrow (BM) expressed tie protein and mRNA. On average, 64% of the fluorescence-activated cell sorting-gated UCB CD34+ cells including CD38- cells and a fraction of cells expressing low levels of c-Kit were Tie+. Also, 30% to 60% of BM CD34+ cells were Tie+, including most of the BM CD34+CD38-, CD34+Thy-1+, and CD34+HLA-DR- cells. Under culture conditions allowing myeloid, erythroid, and/or megakaryocytic differentiation, purified UCB CD34+ cells lost Tie mRNA and protein expression concomitantly with that of CD34; however, a significant fraction of cells expressed Tie during megakaryocytic differentiation. These data suggest that, in humans, the Tie receptor and presumably its ligand may function at an early stage of hematopoietic cell differentiation.
&lt;title&gt;Scalable video data placement on parallel disk arrays&lt;/title&gt; (1994)

We present three strategies for placement of video data on parallel disk arrays. Using a low- level disk model and video data from a scalable subband coding technique, we derive constraints with which to compare the three strategies. One strategy, constant frame grouping, is shown to be superior. Two methods for interleaving multiple videos under the constant frame grouping strategy are presented: nonperiodic and periodic. Periodic interleaving is shown to have the advantages of a lower access time and limited scan and pause functions. The constant frame grouping strategy is tested on an actual array of 8 disks and shown to have performance that is close to the theoretical prediction. The scalable nature of the compressed data is used to relieve the disk system overload for an overly high request rate.
Proline residues responsible for thermostability occur with high frequency in the loop regions of an extremely thermostable oligo-1,6-glucosidase from Bacillus thermoglucosidasius KP1006. (1991)

The gene encoding for an extremely thermostable oligo-1,6-glucosidase from Bacillus thermoglucosidasius KP1006 (DSM2542, obligate thermophile) was sequenced. The amino acid sequence deduced from the nucleotide sequence of the gene (1686 base pairs) corresponded to a protein of 562 amino acid residues with a Mr of 66,502. Its predicted amino acid composition, Mr, and N-terminal sequence of 12 residues were consistent with those determined for B. thermoglucosidasius oligo-1,6-glucosidase. The deduced sequence of the enzyme was 72% homologous to that of a thermolabile oligo-1,6-glucosidase (558 residues) from Bacillus cereus ATCC7064 (mesophile). B. cereus oligo-1,6-glucosidase contained 19 prolines. Eighteen of these were conserved at the equivalent positions of B. thermoglucosidasius oligo-1,6-glucosidase. This enzyme contained 14 extra prolines besides the conservative prolines. The majority of extra prolines was replaced by polar or charged residues (Glu, Thr, or Lys) in B. cereus oligo-1,6-glucosidase. The extra prolines were responsible for the difference in thermostability between these two enzymes. We suggested that 11 of the extra prolines in B. thermoglucosidasius oligo-1,6-glucosidase occur in beta-turns or in coils within the loops binding adjacent secondary structures.
Molecular cloning of a second subunit of the receptor for human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF): reconstitution of a high-affinity GM-CSF receptor. (1990)

Using the mouse interleukin 3 (IL-3) receptor cDNA as a probe, we obtained a homologous cDNA (KH97) from a cDNA library of a human hemopoietic cell line, TF-1. The protein encoded by the KH97 cDNA has 56% amino acid sequence identity with the mouse IL-3 receptor and retains features common to the family of cytokine receptors. Fibroblasts transfected with the KH97 cDNA expressed a protein of 120 kDa but did not bind any human cytokines, including IL-3 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Interestingly, cotransfection of cDNAs for KH97 and the low-affinity human GM-CSF receptor in fibroblasts resulted in formation of a high-affinity receptor for GM-CSF. The dissociation rate of GM-CSF from the reconstituted high-affinity receptor was slower than that from the low-affinity site, whereas the association rate was unchanged. Cross-linking of 125I-labeled GM-CSF to fibroblasts cotransfected with both cDNAs revealed the same cross-linking patterns as in TF-1 cells--i.e., two major proteins of 80 and 120 kDa which correspond to the low-affinity GM-CSF receptor and the KH97 protein, respectively. These results indicate that the high-affinity GM-CSF receptor is composed of at least two components in a manner analogous to the IL-2 receptor. We therefore propose to designate the low-affinity GM-CSF receptor and the KH97 protein as the alpha and beta subunits of the GM-CSF receptor, respectively.
Preorganization of Ferric Alcaligin, Fe<sub>2</sub>L<sub>3</sub>. The First Structure of a Ferric Dihydroxamate Siderophore (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTPreorganization of Ferric Alcaligin, Fe2L3. The First Structure of a Ferric Dihydroxamate SiderophoreZhiguo Hou, Christopher J. Sunderland, Takayuki Nishio, and Kenneth N. RaymondView Author Information Department of Chemistry University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, California 94720 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 21, 5148–5149Publication Date (Web):May 29, 1996Publication History Received12 January 1996Published online29 May 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9600946Copyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views459Altmetric-Citations55LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (87 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Chemical structure,Iron,Ligands,Mathematical methods,Metals Get e-Alerts
The <i>SCARECROW</i> gene's role in asymmetric cell divisions in rice plants (2003)

Asymmetric cell division is one of the most important mechanisms in the diversification of cell function and fate. In Arabidopsis, SCARECROW (SCR) is essential for the asymmetric division of the cortex/endodermis progenitor cell in the root. To learn more about how SCR is involved in asymmetric division, we analyzed the rice SCR (OsSCR) expression. In the root tip, OsSCR expression was observed in the endodermal cell layer and downregulated in the daughter cortex cell after asymmetric division, just as with Arabidopsis SCR. In leaf primordia, expression of OsSCR was observed in stomatal and ligule formation. In stomatal development, OsSCR was specifically expressed in the stomatal cell files before formation of guard mother cells (GMCs), and then, its expression was localized in GMCs, when the first asymmetric division occurred to generate the GMCs. Before the second asymmetric division of subsidiary mother cells (SMCs), localized OsSCR expression was observed in SMCs in the area close to the GMCs. Before these asymmetric divisions, the localization of OsSCR mRNA in GMC-forming cells and SMCs was observed in the area of the daughter GMC and subsidiary cells. OsSCR expression was also observed in the initiation area of ligule formation, and its downregulation occurred in the inner L2 cells generated by asymmetric division. Based on these observations, we proposed that OsSCR is involved not only in the asymmetric division of the cortex/endodermis progenitor cell but also during stomata and ligule formation by establishing the polarization of cytoplasm.
Electrorheological fluid-based robotic fingers with tactile sensing (2003)

Prototype fingertips using electrorheological (ER) fluids with elementary tactile sensing were fabricated and tested. The fingertips consist of a layer of ER fluid sandwiched between a grounded elastomer skin and a positively charged electrode. This arrangement forms a capacitor whose value increases as the elastomer is deflected toward the positive electrode. The ER fingertips can be put on a robot gripper or the fingers of a dextrous robot hand. The fluid layer acts as a soft conformal pad when the voltage is turned off. When energized, the fluid changes from a Newtonian fluid to a Bingham plastic with a yield stress of a few kPa. The result is a finger with simple tactile sensing and the ability to generate large lifting forces with small grasp forces, due to interlocking between the deformed skin/solidified fluid and the gripped object. A gripper with ER fingertips was able to grip a raw egg gently using capacitance sensing. The authors examine the improved lifting force available with ER fingertips over passive designs. The design of a multielement fingertip for shape sensing is investigated and recommendations are offered for designing practical ER robotic hands.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Constrained Hidden Markov Models (1999)

By thinking of each state in a hidden Markov model as corresponding to some spatial region of a fictitious topology space it is possible to naturally define neighbouring states as those which are connected in that space. The transition matrix can then be constrained to allow transitions only between neighbours; this means that all valid state sequences correspond to connected paths in the topology space. I show how such constrained HMMs can learn to discover underlying structure in complex sequences of high dimensional data, and apply them to the problem of recovering mouth movements from acoustics in continuous speech. 1 Latent variable models for sequence data Hidden Markov models (HMMs) can be thought of as dynamic generalizations of discrete state models for static data such as vector quantization or Gaussian mixture models. They can also be though of as discrete state versions of linear dynamical systems (Kalman filter models) which are themselves dynamic generalizations of conti...
Pellet injection technology (1993)

During the last 10 to 15 years, significant progress has been made worldwide in the area of pellet injection technology. This specialized field of research originated as a possible solution to the problem of depositing atoms of fuel deep within magnetically confined, hot plasmas for refueling of fusion power reactors. Using pellet injection systems, frozen macroscopic (millimeter-size) pellets composed of the isotopes of hydrogen are formed, accelerated, and transported to the plasma for fueling. The process and benefits of plasma fueling by this approach have been demonstrated conclusively on a number of toroidal magnetic confinement configurations; consequently, pellet injection is the leading technology for deep fueling of magnetically confined plasmas for controlled thermonuclear fusion research. Hydrogen pellet injection devices operate at very low temperatures (≂10 K) at which solid hydrogen ice can be formed and sustained. Most injectors use conventional pneumatic (light gas gun) or centrifuge (mechanical) acceleration concepts to inject hydrogen or deuterium pellets at speeds of ≂1–2 km/s. Pellet injectors that can operate at quasi-steady state (pellet delivery rates of 1–40 Hz) have been developed for long-pulse fueling. The design and operation of injectors with the heaviest hydrogen isotope, tritium, offer some special problems because of tritium’s radioactivity. To address these problems, a proof-of-principle experiment was carried out in which tritium pellets were formed and accelerated to speeds of 1.4 km/s. Tritium pellet injection is scheduled on major fusion research devices within the next few years. Several advanced accelerator concepts are under development to increase the pellet velocity. One of these is the two-stage light gas gun, for which speeds of slightly over 4 km/s have already been reported in laboratory experiments with deuterium ice. A few two-stage pneumatic systems (single-shot) have recently been installed on tokamak experiments. This article reviews the equipment and instruments that have been developed for pellet injection with emphasis on recent advances. Prospects for future development are addressed, as are possible applications of this technology to other areas of research.
Peritoneal dialysis practice in Australia and New Zealand: A call to action (2010)

Peritoneal dialysis technique survival in Australia and New Zealand is lower than in other parts of the world. More than two-thirds of technique failures are related to infective complications (predominantly peritonitis) and 'social reasons'. Practice patterns vary widely and more than one-third of peritoneal dialysis units do not meet the International Society of Peritoneal Dialysis minimum accepted peritonitis rate. In many cases, poor peritonitis outcomes reflect significant deviations from international guidelines. In this paper we propose a series of practical recommendations to improve outcomes in peritoneal dialysis patients through appropriate patient selection, prophylaxis and treatment of infectious complications, investigation of social causes of technique failure and a greater focus on patient education and clinical governance.
An optimized probability estimation model for binary arithmetic coding (2015)

In this paper, we analyze the binary arithmetic coding of High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) and the second generation of audio and video coding standard (AVS2). Then an optimized probability estimation scheme is proposed for arithmetic coder. The proposed scheme is incorporated into the HEVC reference software (HM 16.0) and AVS2 reference software (RD 10.1). Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can efficiently improve the coding efficiency of entropy coding. The rate-distortion (R-D) performance gain can be up to 0.21% for AVS2 and 0.30% for HEVC respectively.
Indion 414 as superdisintegrant in formulation of mouth dissolve tablets (2006)

The present research paper introduces Indion 414, an ion exchange resin, as a new superdisintegrant for pharmaceutical dosage forms. Indion 414 is a pharmaceutical grade weak acid cation exchange resin. Model drugs belonging to various classes were taste masked and formulated into palatable mouth dissolve tablets. Experiments were carried out to evaluate the disintegrant property of Indion 414 by incorporating Indion 414 in fast disintegrating dosage form like mouth dissolve tablets. Indion 414 was compared with the conventional disintegrants to determine its relative efficacy.