gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Student research award in the graduate degree candidate category, 16th annual meeting of the society for biomaterials, Charleston, SC, May 20–23, 1990. Investigation of a hydroxyapatite and calcium sulfate composite supplemented with an osteoinductive factor (1990)

In the search for a suitable bone graft substitute, a study was conducted using a material that combined a proven osteoconductive composite, hydroxyapatite-calcium sulfate (HA/CS), with an osteoinductive factor, bovine osteogenic factor (OF). The initial study demonstrated the osteoinductive potential of OF in the rabbit muscle model. Once satisfied that the OF was active, it was added to the HA/CS composite and placed in 8-mm trephine defects in the rabbit cranium. This HA/CS/OF was directly compared to HA/CS augmented with a control protein, rabbit serum albumin (RSA). Animals were sacrificed at 4 and 8 weeks. Results demonstrated increased bone formation with the addition of the OF to the composite with bridging of the defects, in most cases, by 4 weeks. No bridging was seen, at this time period, in the other defects left unfilled or filled with HA/CS/RSA. Osteogenic factor, with the appropriate delivery system, can induce bone formation in the rabbit muscle. It may also increase the rate of bone formation at early time periods in a bony defect site when the delivery system is the osteoconductive composite HA/CS.
Nucleosides and nucleotides. LXII. Synthesis and optical properties of 2,3-dideoxy-D-erythro-hex-2-enopyranosyl nucleosides. (1985)

Condensation of 3, 4, 6-tri-O-acetyl-D-glucal and trimethylsilylated nucleobases in the presence of stannic chloride or trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate gave anomeric mixtures of 2, 3-dideoxy-D-erythro-hex-2-enopyranosyl nucleosides. The signs of the circular dichroism (CD) spectra of the anomeric 2-hexenopyranosyl nucleosides are opposite to those of usual nucleosides or glucopyranosyl nucleosides. Other examples illustrating the contribution of an unsaturated bond in the sugar portion of nucleosides to the CD spectra are also presented.
A Survey of Trust and Risk Metrics for a BYOD Mobile Worker World (2013)

Users increasingly access corporate data from their own devices and public wireless networks such airports Wi-Fi or coworking offices. On one hand, more work is possible, but on the other hand, it is riskier because the devices and locations may be untrustworthy. However, the Bring-YourOwn-Device trend is a fact and it is the reason we survey in this paper how computational trust and risk metrics may help mitigating those new risks in a more dynamic way than in the past. An online survey that we have carried out confirms that users do not take care of security risks as they are communicated today and that new Human Computer Interfaces combined with opportunity-enabled risk management are needed to improve the situation. Keywords-trust; risk; Bring-Your-Own-Device
An Overhanging 3′ Terminus Is a Conserved Feature of Telomeres (1989)

The reactivity of single-stranded thymidines with osmium tetraoxide was used to demonstrate the existence of a terminal overhang of the G-rich strand of telomeres from two distantly related eucaryotes, the ciliated protozoan Tetrahymena spp. and the acellular slime mold Didymium spp. Conservation of a G-strand overhang at the molecular terminus of telomeres is consistent with our suggestion that an unusual DNA structure formed by the G-strand overhang is important for telomere function (E. Henderson, C. C. Hardin, S. K. Wolk, I. Tinoco Jr., and E. H. Blackburn, Cell 51:899-908, 1987).
Polystyrene-grafted titanium oxide nanoparticles prepared through surface-initiated nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization and their application to polymer hybrid thin films (2006)

Polystyrene (PS)-grafted-titanium oxide (TiO) nanoparticles with a diameter of 15 nm were prepared by the 'grafting-from' method using the surface initiator for nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization (NMRP). The graft densities were estimated to be 0.04-0.28 chains nm. Under this graft dense region it is assumed that surface polymer chains form a polymer brush structure in good solvents. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction suggested that the tacticity of the PS chains on the nanoparticle surface is mainly atactic. PS-grafted-TiO nanoparticles were stably dispersed in good solvents for PS chains due to the steric repulsion between the grafted chains derived from the osmotic pressure effect and their affinity for the solvents. When the PS-grafted-TiO particles were finely dispersed, the ultraviolet absorption due to TiO was strong and the difference in absorbance between the visible and ultraviolet regions was ten or more times greater than that for non-grafted TiO. By adding PS-grafted-TiO particles with PS matrix powder in CHCl, hybrid films were prepared by solvent casting. The PS-grafted-TiO-PS hybrid films showed high transmittance in the visible light region accompanied by ultraviolet absorption characteristic of TiO due to the fine dispersion of nanoparticles in the PS matrix. Furthermore, friction tests revealed that the wear resistance of PS thin films with PS-grafted-TiO was improved compared with PS film.
Luminescent Decay of KI:Tl, KBr:Tl, and KCl:Tl (1964)

The luminescent decay of single crystals of KI:Tl excited in the $A$, $B$, $C$, and $D$ absorption bands has been investigated over the temperature range 10\ensuremath{\rightarrow}300\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. A quantitative description of the decay of luminescence excited in the $A$ band is given. Four of the emission bands have decay times consistent with the Seitz model, but the decay of the 4300-\AA{} band does not agree with this model. Measurements of the luminescent decay of KBr:Tl and KCl:Tl excited in the $A$ absorption band are presented, and the results are compared with those obtained for KI:Tl. The results support the hypothesis that the 3000-\AA{} emission band in KCl:Tl at 10\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K is double.
ChemInform Abstract: HETEROCYCLIC SUBSTITUTED AMINO ACIDS VIA α,β‐DEHYDROAMINO ACID DERIVATIVES. STUDIES ON AMINO ACIDS. III (1984)

Abstract Durch Kondensation der Lactamacetale (I) mit den Essigsäureestern (II) bzw. (VJH) werden die Dehydroaminosäurederivate (VI) bzw. (IX) erhalten, die durch Hydrieren und Verseifen in die Aminosäuren (VIIb) bzw. (X) übergeführt werden.
The prognostic value of molecular marker analysis in patients treated with trimodality therapy for esophageal cancer. (2001)

The purpose of this study was to define the prognostic value of a group of molecular tumor markers in a well-staged population of patients treated with trimodality therapy for esophageal cancer. The original pretreatment paraffin-embedded endoscopic esophageal tumor biopsy material was obtained from 118 patients treated with concurrent cisplatin + 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) + 45 Gy radiation followed by resection from 1986 until 1997 at the Duke University Comprehensive Cancer Center. Three markers of possible platinum chemotherapy association [metallothionein (MT), glutathione S-transferase-pi (GST-pi), P-glycoprotein (P-gp or multidrug resistance)] and one marker of possible 5-FU association [thymidylate synthase (TS)] were measured using immunohistochemistry. The median cancer-free survival was 25.0 months, with a significantly improved survival for the 38 patients who had a complete response (P < 0.001). High-level expression of GST-pi, P-gp, and TS were associated with a decreased survival. MT was not significant in this population. Multivariate analysis identified high-level expression in two of the platinum markers (GST-pi and P-gp) and the 5-FU marker TS as independent predictors of early recurrence and death. In conclusion, this investigation measured three possible markers associated with platinum and one possible marker associated with 5-FU in a cohort of esophageal cancer patients. Independent prognostic significance was observed, which suggests that it may be possible to predict which patients may benefit most from trimodality therapy. These data need to be reproduced in a prospective investigation.
Nitroaromatic Hydrocarbon Ozonation in Water. 1. Single Ozonation (1998)

Single ozonation of two nitroaromatic hydrocarbons (nitrobenzene and 2,6-dinitrotoluene) under different experimental conditions (ozone feed rate, pH, temperature, hydroxyl radical scavengers) has been studied. The absence of hydroxyl radical scavengers, pHs 7−9, and temperatures below 30 °C are optimum conditions for nitroaromatic removal. Due to the importance of hydroxyl radical reactions, removal rates in natural water are much lower than those observed in laboratory ultrapure water. Rate constants of the direct reaction between ozone and nitroaromatic hydrocarbons at 20 °C have been found to be lower than 6 M-1 s-1. More than 99% of nitroaromatic removal is due to hydroxyl radical oxidation. Single ozonation of nitroaromatics can then be classified as a real advanced oxidation technology. Nitrophenols, compounds very reactive toward ozone and hydroxyl radicals, and 2,6-dinitrobenzaldehyde, identified in the single ozonation of nitrobenzene and 2,6-dinitrotoluene, respectively, are some of the first intermediates of single ozonation.
Process automation with enumeration and traceability tools (2002)

Enumeration and traceability software tools have been developed and used in different industries, such as telecommunications and aerospace. Enumeration is a tagging process for linking individual entities to related entities in one-to-one, one-to-many, and many-to-many relationships. The dependencies in a set of documents determine the overall parent-child relationships of entities in a set of documents. An entity might be a requirement, an architecture description, a physical/logical design, a module of source code, or a test case of any hardware/software system. Traceability is a tracking process for evolution interaction of the individual entities system's life cycle. To automate traceability on any dependent entities, we need a database (relational or object-oriented) as a repository of the normalized data of all entities. A graphical representation of the entity dependencies will enhance the usability of the traceability tools. Some traceability tools supply their own methodologies (such as building document hierarchy, assigning attributes, building links etc.) and implementation models (such as integrating a traceability tool with word processing and data analysis tools, or joining a traceability tool with a messaging tool, i.e., e-mail for delivering timely information to the owners or authors of the impacted entities).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The role of nicotine and nicotinic mechanisms in neuropsychiatric disease (1991)

Cigarette smoking, and by implication nicotine, may be involved as a negative or positive risk factor in some neuropsychiatric disorders and possibly as a treatment in others. Nicotine exposure may be a negative risk factor for the development of Parkinson's disease, but a positive risk factor for the development of tardive dyskinesia. For Alzheimer's disease and Tourette's syndrome, the role of nicotine exposure is equivocal, however, the role of nicotine as a possible therapeutic agent, alone or in combination, remains an intriguing question. For functional psychiatric disorders, the data are suggestive of a link between tobacco use and at least exacerbation of some disorders. While nicotine exposure is unlikely to be critical in the genesis of these disorders, it may complicate the pharmacological therapeutics and long-term prognosis. Further research is needed to examine the actual importance of tobacco use in behavioural disturbances. The relative importance of central nicotinic mechanisms in normal and disordered human cognition and movement is now beginning to be fully explored.
Efficient Eager Management of Conflicts for Scalable Hardware Transactional Memory (2012)

The efficient management of conflicts among concurrent transactions constitutes a key aspect that hardware transactional memory (HTM) systems must achieve. Scalable HTM proposals so far inherit the cache-based style of conflict detection typically found in bus-based systems, largely unaware of the interactions between transactions and directory coherence. In this paper, we demonstrate that the traditional approach of detecting conflicts at the private cache levels is inefficient when used in the context of a directory protocol. We find that the use of the directory as a mere router of coherence requests restricts the throughput of conflict detection, and show how it becomes a bottleneck under high contention. This paper proposes a scheme for conflict detection that decouples conflict detection from cache coherence in order to overcome pathological situations that degrade the performance of an eager HTM system. Our scheme places bookkeeping metadata at the directory, introducing it as a separate hardware module that leaves the coherence protocol unmodified. In comparison to a state-of-the-art eager HTM system, our design handles contention more efficiently, minimizes the performance degradation of false positives for signatures of similar hardware cost, and reduces the network traffic generated.
Divergent response profile in activated cord blood <scp>T</scp> cells from first‐born child implies birth‐order‐associated <i>in utero</i> immune programming (2015)

First-born infants display a reduced anti-inflammatory profile in T cells at birth. This possible in utero 'birth-order' T-cell programming may contribute to later development of immune-mediated diseases by increasing overall immune reactivity in first-born children as compared to younger siblings.
Lipid mediators in the pathophysiology of critical illness (2000)

Inflammatory lipid mediators are produced by the metabolism of membrane phospholipids following a number of different stimuli. These mediators lead to a variety of cellular and systemic responses which contribute to the manifestations of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome in the critically ill patient. These mediators include platelet-activating factor and the eicosanoids, including prostaglandins, thromboxanes, leukotrienes, and HETEs. This review seeks to evaluate the current role of these mediators in the pathophysiology of critical illness. We will focus on recent studies concerning the modulation of these pathways as a potential therapeutic strategy for management of these critically ill patients. This includes the gamut from nutritional strategies to alter the cellular membrane lipid composition, thereby effecting the substrate available to produce these lipid byproducts, to intracellular inhibitors to alter production of these mediators, to receptor blockage and enhanced clearance to inhibit their effects.
Device-to-Device Communications for 5G Internet of Things (2015)

The proliferation of heterogeneous devices connected through large-scale networks is a clear sign that the vision of the Internet of Things (IoT) is getting closer to becoming a reality. Many researchers and experts in the field share the opinion that the next-to-come fifth generation (5G) cellular systems will be a strong boost for the IoT deployment. Device-to- Device (D2D) appears as a key communication paradigm to support heterogeneous objects interconnection and to guarantee important benefits. In this paper, we thoroughly discuss the added-value features introduced by cellular/noncellular D2D communications and its potential in efficiently fulfilling IoT requirements in 5G networks. State-of-the-art solutions, enabling radio technologies, and current standardization activities for D2D communications are surveyed and their pros and cons with reference to manifold IoT use cases pointed out. Future research directions are then presented towards a fully converged 5G IoT ecosystem.
Liquid crystalline and rigid-rod networks (1993)

Starting about a decade ago, researchers began to explore the use of LC networks as a means of coupling mechanical forces to the mesomorphic character of networks. In so doing, the field of LC elastomers was created and the resulting ferroelectric and piezoelectric materials are beginning to revolutionize the field of polymers. More recently, industry has begun to investigate rigid-rod and LC thermosets as a means of introducing the desirable physical properties of LC thermoplastics in thermoset systems. These polymer networks offer such capabilities as tuned coefficients of thermal expansion and increased fracture toughness. Finally, efforts are being made to develop networks which while not necessarily mesomorphic, do have highly oriented structures to produce networks with NLO properties. Long-term orientational stability is one of the features offered by these new materials. This review will examine all three types of networks, with the major focus being on LC thermosets.
Expression and function of c-kit receptor in bone marrow mononuclear cells of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. (2001)

The protein and mRNA expression of the c-kit receptor in the BMMNC of MDS patients were higher than those of normal controls, and the function of this receptor in MDS BMMNC was abnormal.
Two-Point Microrheology of Inhomogeneous Soft Materials (2000)

We demonstrate a novel method for measuring the microrheology of soft viscoelastic media, based on cross correlating the thermal motion of pairs of embedded tracer particles. The method does not depend on the exact nature of the coupling between the tracers and the medium, and yields accurate rheological data for highly inhomogeneous materials. We demonstrate the accuracy of this method with a guar solution, for which other microscopic methods fail due to the polymer's mesoscopic inhomogeneity. Measurements in an F-actin solution suggest conventional microrheology measurements may not reflect the true bulk behavior.
Receiverless detection schemes for optical clock distribution (2004)

This paper summarizes experiments using a modelocked laser to produce a fast-rising, low-jitter electrical signal for clocking CMOS circuits. A simple integrating optical-to-electrical conversion scheme using two photodiodes is used to minimize jitter, area and electrical power consumption. This scheme is called receiver-less because there is no receiver to introduce unwanted skew, jitter and electrical power consumption. Receiver-less optical clock injection to a single CMOS circuit with < 6 ps rms jitter has been demonstrated. To scale the receiver-less concept low capacitance detectors are necessary. Transit-time limited rise times from low capacitance monolithic silicon CMOS photo-detectors have been simulated using 425 nm short pulses. The utility of this 'receiver-less' scheme is examined for larger clock distribution networks and varying photodiode capacitances.
A Gadolinium Chelate for Detection of β-Glucuronidase:  A Self-Immolative Approach (2005)

New classes of physiologically responsive magnetic resonance (MR) contrast agents are being developed that are activated by enzymes, secondary messengers, pH, and temperature. To this end, we have prepared a new class of enzyme-activated MR contrast agents using a self-immolative mechanism and investigated the properties of these agents using novel in vitro assays. We have synthesized in nine steps a Gd(III) agent 1 that is activated by the oncologically significant beta-glucuronidase. 1 consists of Gd(III)DO3A (DO3A = 1,4,7-tricarboxymethylene-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane) bearing a pendant beta-glucuronic acid moiety connected by a self-immolative linker to the macrocycle. LC-MS analysis reveals that 1 is enzymatically processed as predicted by bovine liver beta-glucuronidase, generating 2-aminoethylGdDO3A, 2. Compound 2 was prepared independently in a four-step synthetic procedure. Complex 1 displays a decrease in relaxivity upon titration with bicarbonate anion. The relaxivity increases when 1 is converted to 2 in a buffer mimicking in vivo anion concentrations (Parker, D. In Crown Compounds: Towards Future Applications; Cooper, S. R., Ed.; VCH: New York, 1992; pp 51-67) by 17%, while the relaxivity decreases by 27% for the same experiment in human blood serum. Hydrolytic kinetics catalyzed by bovine liver beta-glucuronidase at interstitial pH = 7.4 fit the Michaelis-Menten model with k cat/Km = 74.9 +/- 10.9 M(-1) s(-1). Monitoring of bulk water proton T1 during incubation with enzyme shows an increase in T1 that mirrors results obtained through the relaxivity measurements of compounds 1 and 2.
Non-blocking collector InP/GaAs/sub 0.51/Sb/sub 0.49//InP double heterojunction bipolar transistors with a staggered lineup base-collector junction (1999)

We have developed lattice-matched InP/GaAs/sub 0.51/Sb/sub 0.49//InP NpN double heterojunction bipolar transistors (DHBTs) which take advantage of the staggered ("type II") band lineup at InP/GaAs/sub 0.51/Sb/sub 0.49/ interfaces: in this system the GaAs/sub 0.51/Sb/sub 0.49/ base conduction band edge lies /spl sim/0.18 eV above the InP collector conduction band, thus enabling the implementation of InP collectors free of the current blocking effect encountered in conventional Ga/sub 0.47/In/sub 0.53/As base DHBTs. The structure results in very low collector current offset voltages, low emitter-base turn-on voltages, and very nearly ideal base and collector current characteristics with junction ideality factors of n/sub B/=1.05 and n/sub c/=1.00. InP/GaAs/sub 0.51/Sb/sub 0.49//InP DHBTs appear well-suited to low-power applications, but can also be used in power applications by virtue of their InP collector. The symmetry of the transistor band structure also lends itself to the potential integration of collector-up and emitter-up devices.
Predicting the surface tension of biodiesel fuels from their fatty acid composition (1999)

Abstract The emergence of biodiesel fuels as diesel fuel substitutes has led to several studies on their properties. Surface tension, which plays a role in atomization, has lacked attention compared to other properties. This paper presents a method to predict the surface tension of biodiesel fuels based on the fatty acid composition. Several binary, ternary, and quaternary mixtures of fatty acid ethyl ester gas chromatographic (GC) standards were prepared, and we found that a mass‐average equation predicted the surface tension of these mixtures within ±3.5% of their measured values. Six complex mixtures of fatty acid methyl ester GC standards that simulated typical oils used as biodiesel fuels were also prepared. For these complex mixtures the predicted surface tensions of the mixtures, calculated from a mass‐average equation, were 2–6% higher than the measured values. A mass‐average equation was developed in which we used a weighted surface tension for the individual components, and we found that this method predicted the surface tension of the simulated oils within ±4.5% of their measured values. Five natural vegetable oils were used to produce biodiesel fuels by the transesterification process. The predicted surface tensions of these fuels were all within ±3.5% of their measured values. The surface tensions of 15 biodiesel types were then predicted, based on their fatty acid composition as published in the literature. These results show that the differences in surface tension between biodiesel types are not the main cause of the reported differences in engine tests.
Chiral Amide Directed Assembly of a Diastereo- and Enantiopure Supramolecular Host and its Application to Enantioselective Catalysis of Neutral Substrates (2013)

The synthesis of a novel supramolecular tetrahedral assembly of K12Ga4L6 stoichiometry is reported. The newly designed chiral ligand exhibits high diastereoselective control during cluster formation, leading exclusively to a single diastereomer of the desired host. This new assembly also exhibits high stability toward oxidation or a low pH environment and is a more robust and efficient catalyst for asymmetric organic transformations of neutral substrates.