gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human high-molecular-weight melanoma-associated antigen mimicry by mouse antiidiotypic monoclonal antibody TK7-371. (1991)

Since the human high-molecular-weight melanoma-associated antigen (HMW-MAA) represents a useful target to implement active specific immunotherapy with mouse antiidiotypic monoclonal antibody (mAb), the present study is aimed at developing and characterizing mouse antiidiotypic mAbs which bear the mirror image of the determinant defined by the anti-HMW-MAA mAb TP61.5. To this end, a BALB/c mouse was immunized with the syngeneic mAb TP61.5. Screening of the 703 generated hybridomas showed that 13 of them secrete antiidiotypic mAbs which inhibit the binding of the immunizing mAb TP61.5 to melanoma cells by at least 75%. The dose of antiidiotypic mAb required to inhibit by 50% the binding of mAb TP61.5 to melanoma cells ranged between 4 and 200 ng. The 13 antiidiotypic mAbs recognize conformational idiotypes, since they did not react in Western blotting with the heavy and light chain of mAb TP61.5 isolated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions. Furthermore, the 13 antiidiotypic mAbs did not react with 23 mAbs which recognize 13 determinants of the HMW-MAA distinct from that defined by mAb TP61.5. Analysis of the 13 antiidiotypic mAbs for their ability to elicit cellular and humoral anti-HMW-MAA immunity showed that only mAb TK7-371 elicited a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction to HMW-MAA-bearing cells in syngeneic hosts and anti-HMW-MAA antibodies in BALB/c mice and in rabbits. Since rabbits express the HMW-MAA, the present results indicate that the antiidiotypic mAb TK7-371 can induce humoral immunity to self HMW-MAA. Therefore, the antiidiotypic mAb TK7-371 may be an efficacious immunogen to implement active specific immunotherapy in patients with melanoma.
Triply convergent synthesis of (-)-prostaglandin E2 methyl ester (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTriply convergent synthesis of (-)-prostaglandin E2 methyl esterCarl R. Johnson and Thomas D. PenningCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 14, 4726–4735Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00222a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00222a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1941Altmetric-Citations98LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Single-bit DFA using multiple-byte laser fault injection (2010)

Laser fault injection is known as a fault attack method on cryptographic systems. This work provides practical experiments on an 8-bit 0.35μm microcontroller with no countermeasures. It explains how, with a laser beam that creates multiple-byte faults, it is still possible to perform single-bit/byte Differential Fault Analysis (DFA). It requires spatial and temporal adjustments for laser shooting and faulty results classification. This underlines the need to protect cryptographic devices, such as biometric passports and smart cards against surgical faults targeting one or several single-bits on specific bytes in memory.
Aluminum Tris(4-bromo-2,6-diphenylphenoxide) (ATPH-Br): an Effective Catalyst for Claisen Rearrangement (1996)

A new Lewis acidic receptor, aluminum tris(4-bromo-2,6-diphenylphenoxide)(ATPH-Br), is a powerful promoter of the Claisen rearrangement of various allyl vinyl ethers and is effective for controlling the stereochemistry of the resulting rearrangement products.
Mathematical Techniques in Multisensor Data Fusion (1992)

From the Publisher:
This invaluable reference offers the most comprehensive introduction available to the concepts of multisensor data fusion. It introduces key algorithms, provides advice on their utilization, and raises issues associated with their implementation. With a diverse set of mathematical and heuristic techniques for combining data from multiple sources, the book shows how to implement a data fusion system, describes the process for algorithm selection, functional architectures and requirements for ancillary software, and illustrates man-machine interface requirements an database issues.
Dolutegravir Interactions with HIV-1 Integrase-DNA: Structural Rationale for Drug Resistance and Dissociation Kinetics (2013)

Signature HIV-1 integrase mutations associated with clinical raltegravir resistance involve 1 of 3 primary genetic pathways, Y143C/R, Q148H/K/R and N155H, the latter 2 of which confer cross-resistance to elvitegravir. In accord with clinical findings, in vitro drug resistance profiling studies with wild-type and site-directed integrase mutant viruses have shown significant fold increases in raltegravir and elvitegravir resistance for the specified viral mutants relative to wild-type HIV-1. Dolutegravir, in contrast, has demonstrated clinical efficacy in subjects failing raltegravir therapy due to integrase mutations at Y143, Q148 or N155, which is consistent with its distinct in vitro resistance profile as dolutegravir's antiviral activity against these viral mutants is equivalent to its activity against wild-type HIV-1. Kinetic studies of inhibitor dissociation from wild-type and mutant integrase-viral DNA complexes have shown that dolutegravir also has a distinct off-rate profile with dissociative half-lives substantially longer than those of raltegravir and elvitegravir, suggesting that dolutegravir's prolonged binding may be an important contributing factor to its distinct resistance profile. To provide a structural rationale for these observations, we constructed several molecular models of wild-type and clinically relevant mutant HIV-1 integrase enzymes in complex with viral DNA and dolutegravir, raltegravir or elvitegravir. Here, we discuss our structural models and the posited effects that the integrase mutations and the structural and electronic properties of the integrase inhibitors may have on the catalytic pocket and inhibitor binding and, consequently, on antiviral potency in vitro and in the clinic.
[Complete nucleotide sequence of genomic RNA of the potato M-virus]. (1991)

The complete nucleotide sequence of potato virus M genomic RNA has been determined to be 8534 nucleotides (with the exception of the poly(A) tail at the 3' end). The sequence contains six large open reading frames coding for proteins of mol. wt. 223206, 25438, 11893, 6793, 33906, and 12183 (in 5'----3' direction). According to its primary sequence analysis the 223K protein ORF codes for a virus RNA replicase. The in vitro translation product of 34K protein gene precipitates by the antisera against the RVM indicating that the 34K protein is the virus coat protein. The general aspects of carla- and potexvirus gene organization are discussed.
Tissue sites of degradation of apoprotein A-I in the rat. (1983)

The tissue sites of degradation of apoprotein A-I were determined in the rat in vivo using a newly developed tracer of protein catabolism, an adduct of 125I-tyramine and cellobiose. This methodology takes advantage of the fact that when a protein labeled with 125I-tyramine-cellobiose is taken up and degraded, the radiolabeled ligand remains trapped intracellularly. Thus, radio-iodine accumulation in a tissue acts as a cumulative measure of protein degradation in that tissue. In the present studies, apoprotein AI (apo-A-I) was labeled with tyramine-cellobiose (TC). The TC-labeled apo-A-I was then reassociated with high density lipoprotein (HDL) in vivo by injection into donor animals. After 30 min, serum from donor animals was recovered and then injected into recipient rats. TC-labeled apo-A-I in the donor serum was shown to be exclusively associated with HDL. The fractional catabolic rate of 125I-TC-apo-A-I was not significantly different from that of conventionally labeled apo-A-I. The kidney was the major site of degradation, accounting for 39% of the total. The liver was responsible for 26% of apo-A-I catabolism, 96% of which occurred in hepatocytes. The kidney was also the most active organ of catabolism/g of wet weight. The tissues next most active/g of wet weight were ovary and adrenal, a finding that is compatible with a special role of HDL in the rat for delivery of cholesterol for steroidogenesis. Immunofluorescence studies of frozen sections of rat kidney demonstrated the presence of apo-A-I on the brush-border and in apical granules of proximal tubule epithelial cells. Preliminary studies using HDL labeled both with 125I-TC-apo-A-I and [3H]cholesteryl ethers again demonstrated high rates of renal uptake of apo-A-I but less than 1% of total ether uptake. It is postulated that the high activity of kidney was not due to uptake of intact HDL particles, but rather, due to glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption of free apo-A-I.
Polymer-polymer rectifying heterojunction based on poly(3,4-dicyanothiophene) and MEH-PPV (1998)

Thin, homogeneous films of a high electron affinity (n-dopable) polymer, poly(3,4-dicyanothiophene) (PDCTh), were prepared by in-situ thermal polymerization of 2,5-diiodo-3,4-dicyanothiophene on substrates. As a result of the presence of two cyano substituents on the thiophene backbone, PDCTh is an electronegative polymer, with the LUMO at ca. 3.6 eV and the HOMO at ca. 6.7 eV. We demonstrate the fabrication of polymer-polymer rectifying heterojunctions using PDCTh and poly(2-methoxy-5-(2′-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene) (MEH-PPV) polymer layers on ITO-glass. Rectification ratios in the current voltage characteristics of these devices exceed 10.3 This device exhibits a photovoltaic effect with a dc sensitivity at -3 V reverse bias of 4 × 10-4 A/W or quantum yield of 0.1% electrons/photon. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 36: 3115–3120, 1998
High birefringence photonic crystal fiber with high nonlinearity and low confinement loss (2015)

A particular photonic crystal fiber (PCF) designed with all circle air holes is proposed. Its characteristics are studied by full-vector finite element method (FEM) with anisotropic perfectly matched layer (PML). The simulation results indicated that the proposed PCF can realize high birefringence (up to 10(-2)), high nonlinearity (50W(-1)·km(-1) and 68W(-1)·km(-1) in X and Y polarizations respectively) and low confinement loss (less than 10(-3)dB/km at 1.55um wavelength).
Biological Barriers to Therapy with Antisense and siRNA Oligonucleotides (2009)

Attaining the full therapeutic utility of antisense and siRNA oligonucleotides will require understanding of the biological barriers that stand between initial administration of these drugs and their final actions within cells. This review examines some of the key barriers that affect the biodistribution of oligonucleotides both in molecular form and when they are associated with nanocarriers. An understanding of the biological processes underlying these barriers will aid in the design of more effective delivery systems.
Metal ion induced phase changes in self-assembled membranes (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMetal ion induced phase changes in self-assembled membranesAlok Singh, Li I Tsao, Michael Markowitz, and Bruce P. GaberCite this: Langmuir 1992, 8, 6, 1570–1577Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00042a013https://doi.org/10.1021/la00042a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views132Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Detection and analysis of respiratory airflow and snoring sounds during sleep using laryngeal sound discrimination (LSD) (1992)

This communication introduces a technique for the measurement of both respiratory airflow and snoring using upper-airway sounds that span a dynamic range of approximately 90 dB.
FURTHER INVESTIGATIONS INTO THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF INSECT–HOST PLANT RELATIONSHIPS IN AN OLIGOPHAGOUS INSECT, PLUTELLA MACULIPENNIS (CURTIS) (LEPIDOPTERA: PLUTELLIDAE) (1963)

Samples of nine crystalline mustard oil glucosides including sinigrin were isolated from plant tissues of species in the families Cruciferae and Tropaeolaceae. The isolations were achieved by the use of column chromatography on neutral alumina, cellulose powder, activated carbon; by paper and thin-layer chromatography; and by crystallization from methanol–water mixtures.Feeding responses of fifth instar larvae of Plutella maculipennis (Curtis) were tested on agar–cellulose diets containing individual glucosides at various concentrations in the presence or absence of 0.1 M glucose. The amount of feeding was measured by counts of frass pellets produced by the larvae during the test period. All the above-mentioned glucosides were found to act as feeding stimulants for the larvae of P. maculipennis. However, the relative palatability of these glucosides at the same concentration (20 mg per 10 ml of water in the diet) was found to be in the following order: progoitrin &gt; glucocheirolin = glucoconringiin = glucoerucin &gt; glucotropaeolin = sinigrin = sinalbin &gt; gluconasturtiin = gluconapin. Higher concentrations of the glucosides, gluconasturtiin, and gluconapin were toxic to the larvae.
Defining Protective Responses to Pathogens: Cytokine Profiles in Leprosy Lesions (1991)

The immunological mechanisms required to engender resistance have been defined in few infectious diseases of man, and the role of specific cytokines is unclear. Leprosy presents clinically as a spectrum in which resistance correlates with cell-mediated immunity to the pathogen. To assess in situ cytokine patterns, messenger RNA extracted from leprosy skin biopsy specimens was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction with 14 cytokine-specific primers. In lesions of the resistant form of the disease, messenger RNAs coding for interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma were most evident. In contrast, messenger RNAs for interleukin-4, interleukin-5, and interleukin-10 predominated in the multibacillary form. Thus, resistance and susceptibility were correlated with distinct patterns of cytokine production.
Carbohydrate based vaccines (2006)

In the past decades, a gradual increase in the resistance to antibiotics has been observed, leading to a serious thread for successful treatment of bacterial infections. This feature in addition to difficulties in developing adequate drugs against (tropical) diseases caused by parasites has stimulated the interest in vaccines to prevent infections. In principle, various types of cell surface epitopes, characteristic for the invading organism or related to aberrant growth of cells, can be applied to develop vaccines. The progress in establishing the structure of carbohydrate immuno-determinants in conjunction with improvements in carbohydrate synthesis has rendered it feasible to develop new generations of carbohydrate-based vaccines.
A Dde resin based strategy for inverse solid‐phase synthesis of amino terminated peptides, peptide mimetics and protected peptide intermediates (2004)

This report describes a Dde resin based attachment strategy for inverse solid-phase peptide synthesis (ISPPS). This attachment strategy can be used for the synthesis of amino terminated peptides with side chains and the carboxyl terminus either protected or deprotected. Amino acid t-butyl esters were attached through their free amino group to the Dde resin. The t-butyl carboxyl protecting group was removed by 50% TFA, and inverse peptide synthesis cycles performed using an HATU/TMP based coupling method. Protected peptides were cleaved from the resin with dilute hydrazine. Side chain protecting groups could then be removed by treatment with TFMSA/TFA. The potential of this approach was demonstrated by the synthesis of several short protected and unprotected peptides in good yield and with low epimerization. Its potential for peptide mimetic synthesis was demonstrated by the synthesis of two peptide trifluoromethylketones.
Pharmacokinetic and Metabolic Studies of Retrojusticidin B, a Potential Anti-Viral Lignan, in Rats (2004)

The pharmacokinetics and metabolism of retrojusticidin B, an anti-HIV reverse transcriptase agent isolated from Phyllanthus myritifolius, were studied in rats. The phase II conjugated metabolites were characterized after solvolysis and enzymatic hydrolysis. The oral bioavailabilities of retrojusticidin B, suspended in Tween 80 and in corn oil, were found to be 22.1% and 33.1%, respectively. The elimination half-lives (T1/2) were 22.9 and 36.2 minutes, respectively. The T1/2, clearance, and the volume of distribution (Vz) of retrojusticidin B estimated from i.v. measurements were 24.5 min, 2.6 +/- 0.4 L/min, and 90.6 +/- 6.4 L, respectively. 9,9'-Secoretrojusticidin B was shown to be phase I metabolite.
New Body Mass Index Criteria of Central Obesity for Male Japanese (2005)

In recent years, intra-abdominal visceral fat leads to obesity-related complications. A simple indicator that reflects the mass of visceral fat is also needed to enable practical screening of patients. The present study was designed to establish new body mass index (BMI) criteria of central obesity for male Japanese. The subjects were 516 men aged from 19 to 80 years old who were examined at the physical examination center in the regular health check conducted by their company. Correlations between visceral fat area (VFA) or subcutaneous fat area (SFA) and BMI in the subjects were investigated. Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve was used to find out the optimal cut-off values of BMI to predict central obesity. We compared the percentile ranks corresponding to VFA of 100 cm2, BMI of 25 kg/m2 and new BMI criteria to check to see whether the present BMI criteria classify correctly Japanese men as central obesity. Further evidence for the effectiveness of BMI for VFA is needed. The correlation coefficient between VFA or SFA and BMI was 0.59 or 0.67, respectively. At the cut-off for BMI that maximized sensitivity and specificity for predicting central obesity was 24 kg/m2. Moreover, the percentile value corresponding to VFA of 100 cm2, BMI of 24 kg/m2, and BMI of 25 kg/m2 was the 53, 50 and 61 percentile, respectively. It is necessary to lower a cut-off point for central obesity from BMI of 25 kg/m2 to 24 kg/m2.
<i>In situ</i> analysis of nitrogen fixation and metabolic switching in unicellular thermophilic cyanobacteria inhabiting hot spring microbial mats (2006)

Genome sequences of two Synechococcus ecotypes inhabiting the Octopus Spring microbial mat in Yellowstone National Park revealed the presence of all genes required for nitrogenase biosynthesis. We demonstrate that nif genes of the Synechococcus ecotypes are expressed in situ in a region of the mat that varies in temperature from 53.5 degrees C to 63.4 degrees C (average 60 degrees C); transcripts are only detected at the end of the day when the mat becomes anoxic. Nitrogenase activity in mat samples was also detected in the evening. Hitherto, N2 fixation in hot spring mats was attributed either to filamentous cyanobacteria (not present at >50 degrees C in these mats) or to heterotrophic bacteria. To explore how energy-generating processes of the Synechococcus ecotypes track natural light and O2 conditions, we evaluated accumulation of transcripts encoding proteins involved in photosynthesis, respiration, and fermentation. Transcripts from photosynthesis (cpcF, cpcE, psaB, and psbB) and respiration (coxA and cydA) genes declined in the evening. In contrast, transcripts encoding enzymes that may participate in fermentation fell into two categories; some (ldh, pdhB, ald, and ackA) decreased in the evening, whereas others (pflB, pflA, adhE, and acs) increased at the end of the day and remained high into the night. Energy required for N2 fixation during the night may be derived from fermentation pathways that become prominent as the mat becomes anoxic. In a broader context, our data suggest that there are critical regulatory switches in situ that are linked to the diel cycle and that these switches alter many metabolic processes within the microbial mat.
Long persistent phosphors—from fundamentals to applications (2016)

Owing to the unique mechanism of photoelectron storage and release, long persistent phosphorescence, also called long persistent luminescence or long lasting afterglow/phosphorescence, plays a pivotal role in the areas of spectroscopy, photochemistry, photonics and materials science. In recent years, more research has focused on the manipulation of the morphology, operational wavebands and persistent duration of long persistent phosphors (LPPs). These desired achievements stimulated the growing interest in designing bio-labels, photocatalysts, optical sensors, detectors and photonic devices. In this review, we present multidisciplinary research on synthetic methods, afterglow mechanisms, characterization techniques, materials system, and applications of LPPs. First, we introduce the recent developments in LPPs for the synthesis of nanoparticles from the aspects of particle sizes, monodispersity and homogeneity based on the urgent application of bio-imaging. In the later sections, we present the possible mechanisms, which involve the variation of trap distribution during the trapping and de-trapping process, complicated photo-ionization reaction of trap site levels and impurity centers together with their corresponding migration kinetics of carriers. Meanwhile, we emphasize the characterization techniques of defects, used to qualitatively or quantitatively describe the types, concentrations and depths of the traps. This review article also highlights the recent advances in suggested LPPs materials with a focus on the LPPs' hosts and optically active centers as well as their control, tuning and intrinsic links. We further discuss the classification of LPPs based on the different emission and excitation wavebands from the ultraviolet to the near-infrared region along with an overview of the activation mode of afterglow. Afterwards, we provide an exhibition of new products towards diverse application fields, including solar energy utilization, bio-imaging, diagnosis, and photocatalysts. Finally, we summarize the current achievements, discuss the problems and provide suggestions for potential future directions in the aforementioned parts.