gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Water‐Soluble Ruthenium(III)‐Dimethyl Sulfoxide Complexes:Chemical Behaviour and Pharmaceutical Properties (1993)

In this paper we report a review of the results obtained in the last few years by our group in the development of ruthenium(III) complexes characterized by the presence of sulfoxide ligands and endowed with antitumor properties. In particular, we will focus on ruthenates of general formula Na[trans-RuCl(4)(R(1)R(2)SO)(L)], where R(1)R(2)SO = dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) or tetramethylenesulfoxide (TMSO) and L = nitrogen donor ligand. The chemical behavior of these complexes has been studied by means of spectroscopic techniques both in slightly acidic distilled water and in phosphate buffered solution at physiological pH. The influence of biological reductants on the chemical behavior is also described. The antitumor properties have been investigated on a number of experimental tumors. Out of the effects observed, notheworthy appears the capability of the tested ruthenates to control the metastatic dissemination of solid metastasizing tumors. The analysis of the antimetastatic action, made in particular on the MCa mammary carcinoma of CBA mouse, has demonstrated a therapeutic value for these complexes which are able to significantly prolong the survival time of the treated animals. The antimetastatic effect is not attributable to a specific cytotoxicity for metastatic tumor cells although in vitro experiments on pBR322 double stranded DNA has shown that the test ruthenates bind to the macromolecule, causing breaks corresponding to almost all bases, except than thymine, and are able to cause interstrand bonds, depending on the nature of the complex being tested, some of which results active as cisplatin itself.
Cross-Lingual Phoneme Mapping for Language Robust Contextual Speech Recognition (2018)

Standard automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems are increasingly expected to recognize foreign entities, yet doing so while preserving accuracy on native words remains a challenge. We describe a novel approach for recognizing foreign words by injecting them with appropriate pronunciations into the recognizer decoder search space on-the-fly. The pronunciations are generated by mapping pronunciations from the foreign language's lexicon to the target recognizer language's phoneme inventory. The phoneme mapping itself is learned automatically using acoustic coupling of Text-to-speech (TTS) audio and a pronunciation learning algorithm. Evaluation of our algorithm on Google Assistant use cases shows we can improve recognition of media-related queries by incorporating English entity pronunciations in French and German recognizers, with wins/losses ratios of roughly 2-3:1, without hurting recognition on general traffic.
The effect of resuscitative moderate hypothermia following epidural brain compression on cerebral damage in a canineoutcome model (1993)

A canine model of temporary epidural cerebral compression and standardized intensive care was developed to evaluate the effect of resuscitative (postinsult) moderate systemic hypothermia. A balloon was inflated over the temporal region to maintain contralateral intraventricular pressure (IVP) at 62 mm Hg for 90 minutes. For a 66-hour period after initiation of brain compression, the intubated dogs received controlled ventilation and standard intensive care. From 66 to 90 hours postinjury, the extubated dogs were evaluated as to functional outcome. Morphological brain damage was evaluated at 90 hours or earlier if brain death occurred. Eight dogs in a control group were maintained at a body of temperature of 38 degrees C. Eight treated dogs had core body temperature reduced by surface cooling starting 15 minutes after balloon inflation, first to 31 degrees C for 5 hours and then to 35 degrees C from 5 to 62 hours after insult. Intraventricular pressure increased to 20 mm Hg or greater in the control group at a mean of 2.9 hours (range 2 to 4 hours) following the insult, and in the hypothermic group at a mean of 14.8 hours (range 5 to 30 hours)--that is, during the time period when the body temperature was 35 degrees C, not 31 degrees C (p = 0.01). There was no difference in peak pressures between the two groups. Brain death occurred in four of the eight dogs in the normothermic group at 18, 24, 24, and 48 hours (mean +/- standard deviation 28 +/- 13 hours) and in three of the eight in the hypothermic group at 27, 42, and 45 hours (mean 38 +/- 10 hours) (not significant). The animals surviving 90 hours (four in the normothermic and five in the hypothermic group) were neurologically near normal. The total mean macroscopically damaged brain volume was 2584 +/- 1890 cu mm in the normothermic versus 765 +/- 611 cu mm in the hypothermic group (p = 0.03). The mean necrotic volume was 741 +/- 599 cu mm in the normothermic versus 263 +/- 346 cu mm in the hypothermic group (p = 0.07). Microscopically, the damaged regions consisted of ischemic neurons, reactive glia, edema, vascular endothelial hypertrophy, and erythrocyte extravasation. It is concluded that, in this model, immediate postinsult hypothermia of 31 degrees C (not 35 degrees C) for 5 hours prevents a rise in IVP and significantly decreases cerebral tissue damage, but does not prevent brain herniation during rewarming.
Perspective on Adeno-Associated Virus Capsid Modification for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Gene Therapy (2015)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a X-linked, progressive childhood myopathy caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene, one of the largest genes in the genome. It is characterized by skeletal and cardiac muscle degeneration and dysfunction leading to cardiac and/or respiratory failure. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a highly promising gene therapy vector. AAV gene therapy has resulted in unprecedented clinical success for treating several inherited diseases. However, AAV gene therapy for DMD remains a significant challenge. Hurdles for AAV-mediated DMD gene therapy include the difficulty to package the full-length dystrophin coding sequence in an AAV vector, the necessity for whole-body gene delivery, the immune response to dystrophin and AAV capsid, and the species-specific barriers to translate from animal models to human patients. Capsid engineering aims at improving viral vector properties by rational design and/or forced evolution. In this review, we discuss how to use the state-of-the-art AAV capsid engineering technologies to overcome hurdles in AAV-based DMD gene therapy.
Induction and multi-sensitive end-product repression in two converging pathways degrading aromatic substances in <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> (1965)

1. Control of enzyme formation has been examined in the pathways degrading mandelate and p-hydroxymandelate in Pseudomonas fluorescens. 2. The first three enzymes form a group which is common to both pathways and which is co-ordinately induced or repressed. The genes controlling these enzymes are assumed to form a ;regulon'. This group of enzymes is induced by mandelate or p-hydroxymandelate and repressed by benzoate and by p-hydroxybenzoate (the immediate end products resulting from the action of this group of enzymes). 3. Repression is independently exerted by end products of enzymes controlled by succeeding regulons, i.e. by catechol, by protocatechuate and finally by succinate and acetate. 4. The pattern is repeated further along the pathway, so that benzoate oxidase (controlled by the second regulon) is repressed by its immediate end product, catechol, and again by succinate and acetate. 5. Pyrocatechase, an enzyme controlled by the third regulon, is repressed by succinate and acetate. 6. There is a parallel system of multi-sensitive repression mechanisms controlling production of the enzymes that degrade the hydroxy compounds. Again, the enzymes of each regulon are repressed by the immediate end product of their action and by the end products of each succeeding group of enzymes. 7. Repressor activity appears to be exerted by compounds that are likely to occur as such in the external environment or that occur at points of convergence of the degradative pathways of the cell. 8. The net effect of this control system, involving both induction and end-product repression, appears to be that cells will not form inducible degradative enzymes if the end products are already being supplied from without or are being produced by degradation of some alternative source of carbon and energy.
STUDY OF PLATELET-ACTIVATING FACTOR ACETYLHYDROLASE IN THE PERIOPERATIVE PERIOD OF PATIENTS UNDERGOING CARDIAC SURGERY (1998)

After operations with cardiopulmonary bypass, patients often show early symptoms of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Potential mediators of SIRS include the platelet-activating factor (PAF), which has been linked to septic shock and multiple organ dysfunction. We studied the effect of cardiac surgery on PAF acetylhydrolase, the PAF-degrading plasma enzyme, as well as the relationship between the enzyme and the postoperative state of the patients. PAF acetylhydrolase activity decreased by 38+/-8% after instituting cardiopulmonary bypass because of plasma dilution and returned to near-preoperative levels within 6 h postsurgery. After that, enzyme levels decreased again, resulting in a 24+/-12% reduction until at least 3 days postsurgery. Patients in poor postoperative condition (Acute Physiology Score >9) had a lower preoperative PAF acetylhydrolase activity than did normal patients (12+/-4 vs. 17+/-4 nmol min(-1) mL(-1); p < .05). Likewise, patients who developed postoperative SIRS had a lower preoperative PAF acetylhydrolase activity than did patients without SIRS (12+/-3 vs. 17+/-4 nmol min(-1) mL(-1); p < .05). The data suggest that PAF acetylhydrolase deficiency is among the factors associated with postoperative distress after cardiac surgery.
A Parallel MPI I/O Solution Supported by Byte-addressable Non-volatile RAM Distributed Cache (2016)

While many scientific, large-scale applications are data-intensive, fast and efficient I/O operations have become of key importance for HPC environments. We propose an MPI I/O extension based on in-system distributed cache with data located in Non-volatile Random Access Memory (NVRAM) available in each cluster node. The presented architecture makes effective use of NVRAM properties such as persistence and byte-level access behind the MPI I/O API. Another advantage of the proposed solution is making development of a parallel application easy and efficient as a programmer just needs to use the well known MPI I/O data model and API while efficient file access is automatically provided without a need for application level optimizations like avoiding frequent operations on a small data. Results of experiments obtained with three different applications suggest, that the extension significantly reduces file access time, especially for small I/O operations. By locating cache facilities on computing nodes, the extension decreases load of file system servers and makes I/O scalable.
Multi-sensor driver monitoring and assistance system using state-of-the-art signal modelling (2007)

Driver assistance and performance monitoring systems are currently being applied in modern cars in order to enhance safety. However, these systems have to answer certain concerns raised by manufacturers, legislators and users. These include, degree of intrusiveness (warning messages, tactile feedback, taking control of the car), ability to respond to different driving contexts and system reliability under varying road and environmental conditions and driver reliability. By combining inexpensive and non-intrusive sensors with state-of-the-art signal processing, probabilistic theory and artificial intelligence for signal analysis and modelling, it is possible to present a solution to all
The Hadamard product (1991)

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Photostimulation using caged glutamate reveals functional circuitry in living brain slices. (1993)

An approach for high-spatial-resolution mapping of functional circuitry in living mammalian brain slices has been developed. The locations of neurons making functional synaptic connections to a single neuron are revealed by photostimulation of highly restricted areas of the slice (50-100 microns in diameter) while maintaining a whole-cell recording of the neuron of interest. Photostimulation is achieved by bathing brain slices in a molecularly caged form of the neurotransmitter glutamate [L-glutamic acid alpha-(4,5-dimethoxy-2-nitrobenzyl) ester], which is then converted to the active form by brief pulses (< 1 ms in duration) of ultraviolet irradiation. Direct activation of receptors on recorded neurons in rat hippocampus and ferret visual cortex demonstrates that photostimulation is reliable and reproducible and can be repeated at the same site at least 30 times without obvious decrement in neuronal responsiveness. Photostimulation of presynaptic neurons at sites distant to the recorded neuron evoked synaptic responses in hippocampal and cortical cells at distances of up to several millimeters from the recorded neuron. Stimulation of 25-100 distinct presynaptic sites while recording from a single postsynaptic neuron was easily achieved. Caged glutamate-based photostimulation eliminates artifacts and limitations inherent in conventional stimulation methods, including stimulation of axons of passage, desensitization, and poor temporal resolution of "puffer" pipettes, and current artifacts of iontophoretic application. This approach allows detailed physiological investigation and manipulation of the complex intrinsic circuitry of the mammalian brain.
Vacuum microelectronics: what's new and exciting (1991)

It is argued that the key factor required to make vacuum microelectronics successful is closely related to an understanding and control of the physics, materials and microfabrication technology for field emitter arrays (FEAs). The topics discussed are the optimization and theoretical limit of the FEA; thermal stability of the FEA and the mesoscopic FEA; fabrication and materials of FEAs; and characteristics of FEAs. The author examines basic characteristics, limits and capabilities of FEAs from the viewpoint of optimizing the concept of the most current for the least voltage.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Sensitizers of second generation for photodynamic therapy of cancer based on chlorophyll and bacteriochlorophyll derivatives (1993)

Methods for preparation of chlorin sensitizers for PDT of cancer on the base of purple bacteria and blue-green algae have been elaborated. New bacteriochlorophyll a derivatives have been synthesized. Bacteriopurpurin and bacteriochlorin p<SUB>6</SUB> have strong absorption at 818 and 770 nm respectively.
On the lower performance bounds for DOA estimators from linearly-modulated signals (2010)

In this paper, the problem of direction of arrival (DOA) estimation from linearly-modulated signals over AWGN channels is considered. We derive closed-form expressions for the inphase/quadrature Cramér-Rao lower bounds of the data-aided (DA) DOA estimates from any linearly-modulated signal corrupted by additive white circular complex Gaussian noise (AWCCGN). We consider the case of single-source signals impinging on multiple receiving antenna elements, commonly known as single input multiple output (SIMO) configurations. An analytical approach is conducted to compare the achievable performance in coherent estimation against noncoherent estimation over uniform linear array (ULA) and uniform circular array (UCA) configurations. It will be shown that the CRLBs that can be achieved over a ULA are lower than those that can be achievable over a UCA up to a given angular aperture whose expression is also derived in this paper. It will be shown also that ULAs exhibit lower CRLBs in coherent estimation than in noncoherent estimation and that the CRLBs hold, however, the same for UCAs in both estimation schemes.
Calculations Of Knock Suppression in Highly Turbocharged Gasoline/Ethanol Engines Using Direct Ethanol Injection (2006)

Calculations are described of knock suppression using direct ethanol injection in spark ignition gasoline/ethanol engines. The calculations show that evaporative cooling from direct ethanol injection, coupled with the high octane rating of ethanol, can be highly effective in inhibiting knock, thereby allowing use of small turbocharged engines with substantially increased efficiency. The calculations indicate that the enhanced knock suppression can allow for more than a factor of two increase in manifold pressure relative to conventional, naturally aspirated engines while also allowing for increased compression ratio. This increased pressure could enable substantial engine downsizing resulting in a part-load efficiency increase of 30 % relative to conventional port fueled injected engine operation. Less than one gallon of ethanol for twenty gallons of gasoline could be sufficient to allow this engine downsizing and efficiency increase. Direct ethanol injection could provide a new opportunity to use ethanol more effectively to both displace gasoline and, more importantly, to increase gasoline utilization efficiency. The need to reduce gasoline consumption is increasing due to concerns about global
A Study on Downstream Processing for the production of Pullulan by Aureobasidium pullulans-SB-01 from the Fermentation broth (2013)

Pullulan, which is made up of linear α-D-glucan maltotriose and maltotetrose repeating units interconnected by α (1→6) and α (1→4) linkages, is a water-soluble homopolysaccharide produced extracellularly by Aureobasidium pullulans. Although the production of this bio-polymer is commercially going on still the establishment of the cost effective downstream processing has not attained up to the mark. It is necessary to harvest cells, remove the melanin pigments co-produced during its fermentation followed by its precipitation, concentration and drying. The present work reports on some of these aspects. Centrifugation of the fermentation broth at 8,000 rpm for 20 min gave cell pellets that were discarded and a greenish black supernatant containing melanin pigment which was subjected to the heat treatment at 80°C for 30 min in order to remove the protein (mainly Pullulanase) in the fermentation broth. The supernatant was demelanized by with hydrogen peroxide and activated charcoal, solvent-solvent blends, or by solvent-salt combinations in which hydrogen peroxide treatment shows better result for the removal of melanin pigments. For the precipitation of the exopolysachride the cold Isopropanol was used followed by its drying process at 60°C for 40 min. This methodology produced high purity pullulan that was comparable in colour and texture to the commercial samples which was characterized by the HPLC and FT-IR analysis.
Sense of community through Brunswik's lens: A first look (1986)

Although sense of community was heralded by Sarason (1974) as the “overarching value” of community psychology, no theory or definition of the phenomenon has been operationalized or empirically tested. The difficulty in the scientific exploration of sense of community is in the value-laden and phenomenological nature of the experience. Following McMillan and Chavis (this issue), it is theorized that sense of community is represented by four elements: membership, influence, integration and fulfillment of needs, and shared emotional connection. Brunswik's lens model offers an appropriate method for determining the shared domain of the experience within a diverse population. The goal of this study was to develop a Sense of Community Index (SCI) that would allow the determination of the relative influence of various factors on the judgment of sense of community. Twenty-one judges, representing four professional groupings selected from three urban centers, where employed in the rating of 100 sense of community profiles of randomly selected individuals. There was a high degree of consensus among the diverse groups of judges, and a regression equation with 23 predictors derived from the sense of community profile accounted for 96% of the variance of mean judges, ratings of overall sense of community. The results were interpreted as supporting the theory of McMillan and Chavis, which appears suitable both for scientific investigation and as a framework for intervention. The relationships of specific profile items (e.g., neighboring behavior, length of residence, home ownership, involvement in voluntary associations) are related to the four elements and to the prediction of overall sense of community.
A genetic algorithm approach to Chinese handwriting normalization (1997)

Normalization can be used to absorb writing variations and distortions, simplify the recognition processing steps, and improve the recognition rate of a Chinese handwriting recognition system. In this study, a genetic algorithm approach to Chinese handwriting normalization is proposed. In the proposed approach, a generalized normalization transform is defined as a linearly weighted combination of several normalization transforms and then genetic algorithms (GA's) are used to determine the optimal set of weighting coefficients. Here the fitness function contains three proposed features representing the characteristics of Chinese characters, namely, stroke density variation (SDV), character area coverage (CAC), and centroid offset (CO). Experimental results show the feasibility of the proposed approach.
Plaque-Mounted Diode-Light Transillumination for Localization Around Intraocular Tumors (1999)

Small posterior melanomas are difficult to visualize with standard transillumination techniques and are associated with poor local control. To improve and document plaque placement, we developed plaque-mounted diode lights for retrobulbar transillumination. This technique provides unique photographic documentation of episcleral plaque localization beneath intraocular tumors.
Reflection-type confocal readout for multilayered optical memory (1998)

We present a multilayered optical memory for use in reading data with a confocal reflection microscope system. We use a recording medium in which photosensitive thin films and nonphotosensitive transparent films are stacked alternately. Since the photosensitive films are thinner than the depth of focus of the recording beam, the spatial frequency distribution of the recorded bit data is extended in the axial direction. The extended distribution overlaps the coherent optical transfer function of the reflection-type confocal microscope. Urethane-urea copolymer film is used as a photosensitive material. The recording and reading of two layers are demonstrated.
Mixed behavior-logic simulation in a hardware accelerator (2002)

A mixed-mode hardware simulator that combines logic and behavioral model evaluation capabilities without the addition of a coprocessor or any hardware is described. This simulator is implemented in the MARS (microprogrammable accelerator for rapid simulation) multicomputer system. The MARS hardware simulator is a mixed-mode logic-behavior-memory simulator applicable to the design of both custom and semicustom integrated circuits. It is particularly suited for the simulation of ASICs (application specific integrated circuits). The major benefit of this simulator is the reduced element count compared to simulators that make use of four-input primitives. Most of the reduction is due to flip-flops, buffers and high-speed combinational elements. The evaluation time per element will be increased by 20-50%, depending on the element type. However, the total simulation time will be shorter because of the reduced element count. Race analysis, setup, and hold time violations can be detected by monitoring the clock and data inputs during simulation and postprocessing the simulation results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>