gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prime-boost vectored malaria vaccines: Progress and prospects (2010)

The difficulty of inducing protective immunity through antibodies against sporozoites led to efforts to assess vectored vaccines as a means of inducing protective T-cell immunity against the malaria liver-stage parasite. Although DNA vectored vaccines used alone were poorly immunogenic and not protective, high levels of parasite clearance in the liver has been achieved with viral vectored vaccines used in heterologous prime-boost regimes. Such vectored vaccination regimes represent one of only two approaches that have induced repeatable partial efficacy in human P. falciparum subunit vaccine trials. Interestingly, vectors expressing the TRAP antigen have been consistently been more immunogenic and protective than vectors expressing the circumsporozoite protein in human trials. However, sterile protection requires induction of very potent T-cell responses that are currently only achievable with heterologous prime-boost regimes. Recently, simian adenoviruses have been assessed as priming agents in Adenovirus-MVA regimes in both phase I and phase IIa trials in the UK, based on very promising pre-clinical results showing better immunogenicity and efficacy than previous prime-boost regimes. The same vectors are also being assessed clinically expressing blood-stage antigens, attempting to induce both protective antibodies and T cells as recently demonstrated in murine efficacy studies. These viral vectors now provide a major option for inclusion in a high efficacy multi-stage malaria vaccine that should achieve deployable levels of efficacy in endemic settings.
Comparative Study of Eis-like Enzymes from Pathogenic and Nonpathogenic Bacteria (2015)

Antibiotic resistance is a growing problem worldwide. Of particular importance is the resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) to currently available antibiotics used in the treatment of infected patients. Up-regulation of an aminoglycoside (AG) acetyltransferase, the enhanced intracellular survival (Eis) protein of Mtb (Eis_Mtb), is responsible for resistance to the second-line injectable drug kanamycin A in a number of Mtb clinical isolates. This acetyltransferase is known to modify AGs, not at a single position, as usual for this type of enzyme, but at multiple amine sites. We identified, using in silico techniques, 22 homologues from a wide variety of bacteria, that we then cloned, purified, and biochemically studied. From the selected Eis homologues, 7 showed the ability to modify AGs to various degrees and displayed both similarities and differences when compared to Eis_Mtb. In addition, an inhibitor proved to be active against all homologues tested. Our findings show that this family of acetyltransferase enzymes exists in both mycobacteria and non-mycobacteria and in both pathogenic and nonpathogenic species. The bacterial strains described herein should be monitored for rising resistance rates to AGs.
Performance comparison of H.265/MPEG-HEVC, VP9, and H.264/MPEG-AVC encoders (2013)

This work presents a performance comparison of the two latest video coding standards H.264/MPEG-AVC and H.265/MPEG-HEVC (High-Efficiency Video Coding) as well as the recently published proprietary video coding scheme VP9. According to the experimental results, which were obtained for a whole test set of video sequences by using similar encoding configurations for all three examined representative encoders, H.265/MPEG-HEVC provides significant average bit-rate savings of 43.3% and 39.3% relative to VP9 and H.264/MPEG-AVC, respectively. As a particular aspect of the conducted experiments, it turned out that the VP9 encoder produces an average bit-rate overhead of 8.4% at the same objective quality, when compared to an open H.264/MPEG-AVC encoder implementation - the x264 encoder. On the other hand, the typical encoding times of the VP9 encoder are more than 100 times higher than those measured for the x264 encoder. When compared to the full-fledged H.265/MPEG-HEVC reference software encoder implementation, the VP9 encoding times are lower by a factor of 7.35, on average.
Systems integration: requirements for a fully functioning electronic radiology department. (1992)

Disparate computer-based information systems such as hospital information systems (HIS), radiology information systems (RIS), and picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) have been introduced into radiology departments at various times to meet specific operational objectives. Typically, these systems are implemented without an integration strategy. Systems integration, which optimizes integrity of data and labor savings, can be achieved by two general approaches. The first links the HIS to the PACS; the second involves interlinking of the HIS, RIS, and PACS, with the RIS as the central controlling system. Standardization in hardware, operating systems, and data base formats--which will allow true integration--is being addressed nationally and worldwide. Operational issues to resolve include ways to increase network capacity, control of data flow, and strategies for dealing with downtime. In the future, systems integration will enable prefetching, two-way interfaces, interfaces with digital dictation systems, and improved linkages with external digital input devices.
Tyr-716 in the platelet-derived growth factor beta-receptor kinase insert is involved in GRB2 binding and Ras activation. (1994)

Ligand stimulation of the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) beta-receptor leads to activation of its intrinsic tyrosine kinase and autophosphorylation of the intracellular part of the receptor. The autophosphorylated tyrosine residues mediate interactions with downstream signal transduction molecules and thereby initiate different signalling pathways. A pathway leading to activation of the GTP-binding protein Ras involves the adaptor molecule GRB2. Here we show that Tyr-716, a novel autophosphorylation site in the PDGF beta-receptor kinase insert, mediates direct binding of GRB2 in vitro and in vivo. In a panel of mutant PDGF beta-receptors, in which Tyr-716 and the previously known autophosphorylation sites were individually mutated, only PDGFR beta Y716F failed to bind GRB2. Furthermore, a synthetic phosphorylated peptide containing Tyr-716 bound GRB2, and this peptide specifically interrupted the interaction between GRB2 and the wild-type receptor. In addition, the Y716(P) peptide significantly decreased the amount of GTP bound to Ras in response to PDGF in permeabilized fibroblasts as well as in porcine aortic endothelial cells expressing transfected PDGF beta-receptors. The mutant PDGFR beta Y716F still mediated activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and an increased DNA synthesis in response to PDGF, indicating that multiple signal transduction pathways transduce mitogenic signals from the activated PDGF beta-receptor.
Gate effects on DNA translocation through silicon dioxide nanopore (2012)

The effects of gate voltage on the translocation of DNA molecules through a nanopore are studied. A twenty-fold increase in the translocation time is observed with a positive gate voltage applied, without changing too much of the ionic current. The amplitude of the current blockage by the DNA molecules was reduced by roughly the same factor. At the same time, the number of the blocking events decreases significantly. The applied gate voltage also modulates the scatter plot of the amplitude of the current blockage against the dwell time. The observations are consistent with the recent theoretical results.
Characterization of cardiovascular actions of CS-611, a new coronary dilator, in the dog. (1981)

In anesthetized, open-chest dogs 8-tert.-butyl-7,8-dihydro-5-methyl-6H-pyrrolo[3,2-e][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (CS-611), in doses of 0.1--1 mg/kg i.v. decreased systemic blood pressure, coronary resistance and arterio-venous O2 difference and increased coronary sinus outflow in a dose-related manner, but myocardial oxygen consumption was virtually unchanged. At 0.3 mg/kg i.v. of the drug, coronary sinus outflow was doubled, but heart rate and AV conduction time were not changed. In canine isolated, blood-perfused heart preparations, CS-611 only in large intra-arterial doses produced the following responses; a decrease in sinus rate followed by a slight increase in the SA node preparation, a transient prolongation of AV conduction time followed by a slight shortening in the AV node preparation and a transient decrease followed by a sizable increase in developed tension in the papillary muscle preparation. The drug in large intra-arterial doses decreased the rate of automaticity of the papillary muscle preparation. From these results CS-611 can be characterized as a coronary dilator virtually devoid of cardiac actions in doses sufficiently increasing coronary blood flow. By comparison of the present results with those of previous results on other coronary dilators it was revealed that CS-611 may have a novel mechanism of action.
Distribution of 14C-labelleed carbon from glucose and glutamate during anaerobic growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1998)

The distribution of carbon from glucose and glutamate was studied using anaerobically grown Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The yeast was grown on glucose (20 g l-1) as the carbon/energy source and glutamic acid (3.5 g l-1) as additional carbon and sole nitrogen source. The products formed were identified using labelled [U-14C]glucose or [U-14C]glutamic acid. A seldom-reported metabolite in S. cerevisiae, 2-hydroxyglutarate, was found in significant amounts. It is suggested that 2-hydroxyglutarate is formed from the reduction of 2-oxoglutarate in a reaction catalysed by a dehydrogenase. Succinate, 2-oxoglutarate and 2-hydroxyglutarate were found to be derived exclusively from glutamate. Based on radioactivity measurements, 55%, 17% and 14% of the labelled glutamate was converted to 2-oxoglutarate, succinate and 2-hydroxyglutarate, respectively, and 55%, 9% and 3% of the labelled glucose was converted to ethanol, glycerol and pyruvate, respectively. No labelled glucose was converted to 2-oxoglutarate, succinate or 2-hydroxyglutarate. Furthermore, very little of the evolved CO2 was derived from glutamate. Separation of the amino acids from biomass by paper chromatography revealed that the glutamate family of amino acids (glutamic acid, glutamine, proline, arginine and lysine) originated almost exclusively from the carbon skeleton of glutamic acid. It can be concluded that the carbon flow follows two separate paths, and that the only major reactions utilized in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle are those reactions involved in the conversion of 2-oxoglutarate to succinate.
Mobile robot localization using optical mice (2005)

Open-loop position estimation methods are commonly used in mobile robot applications. Their strength lies in the speed and simplicity with which an estimated position is determined. However, these methods can lead to inaccurate or unreliable estimates. Two position estimation methods are developed in this paper, one using a single optical flow sensor and a second using two optical sensors. The first method can accurately estimate position under ideal conditions and when wheel slip perpendicular to the axis of the wheel occurs. A second method can accurately estimate position even when wheel slip parallel to the axis of the wheel occurs. Location of the sensors is investigated in order to minimize errors caused by inaccurate sensor readings. Finally, the method is implemented and tested using a mobile robot with sensors. Estimates of position were found to be as accurate as dead-reckoning in ideal conditions and much more accurate in cases where wheel slip occurs.
Phenolic carbon cloth-based electric double-layer capacitors with conductive interlayers and graphene coating (2015)

Phenolic resin-derived activated carbon (AC) cloths are used as electrodes for large-scale electric double-layer capacitors or supercapacitors. To increase the energy and power density of the supercapacitor, the contact resistance between the carbon cloth and the aluminium foil current collector is reduced by modifying the Al current collectors. Different modified Al current collectors, including Toyal-Carbo®(surface-modified Al), DAG® (deflocculated Acheson™ graphite) coating and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) coating, have been tested and compared. The use of modified Al current collectors are shown to greatly reduce the contact resistance between the AC cloth and the Al foil. Another solution investigated in this study is to coat AC cloth with graphene through electrophoretic deposition (EPD). The graphene coated AC cloth is shown increased the capacitance and greatly reduced internal resistance.
Simultaneous phase and amplitude extraction from a single defocused image of a homogeneous object (2002)

We demonstrate simultaneous phase and amplitude extraction from a single defocused image of a homogeneous object. Subject to the assumptions explicitly stated in the derivation, the algorithm solves the twin-image problem of in-line holography and is capable of analysing data obtained using X-ray microscopy, electron microscopy, neutron microscopy or visible-light microscopy, especially as they relate to defocus and point projection methods. Our simple, robust, non-iterative and computationally efficient method is applied to data obtained using an X-ray phase contrast ultramicroscope.
A new parallel algorithm for security constrained optimal power flow with a nonlinear interior point method (2005)

This paper presents a new algorithm for parallel solution of security constrained optimal power flow (SCOPF) with a nonlinear interior point method (IPM). In the parallel algorithm proposed in this paper, the SCOPF problem is easily decomposed and distributed to a set of processors where the computations are done independently on a subset of the contingency states. Moreover, a full AC model is used in this parallel algorithm. The new parallel algorithm has been tested for accuracy and speedup with two systems: one with 57 buses, 80 branches and 9 contingencies, another with 3493 buses, 6689 branches and 79 contingencies. With less than 1% relative error and more than a factor of 10 speedup, the test results demonstrate that this new parallel algorithm with IPM is accurate and efficient for large-scale SCOPF problems.
Functional TSH receptor in human abdominal preadipocytes and orbital fibroblasts (2000)

Controversy continues about whether, and to what levels of abundance, thyroid-stimulating hormone receptors (TSHR) are found in human tissues other than the thyroid gland. Restricted expression to the thyroid and orbit would suggest that TSHR represents the target autoantigen in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. A more generalized pattern of tissue expression would be inconsistent with TSHR acting as the autoantigen that is solely responsible for selectively targeting the immune system to the orbit. We have detected TSHR mRNA in human abdominal adipose tissue by Northern blot analysis. TSHR protein was also detected, by immunoblotting with two different antibodies, in preadipocytes isolated from human abdominal subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue and in derivative adipocytes differentiated in primary culture. Preadipocytes treated with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) exhibited a sevenfold increase in the activity of p70 S6 kinase, a serine/threonine kinase recently recognized as a downstream target of TSHR in thyroid cells. Activation of p70 S6 kinase by TSH was also observed in orbital fibroblasts. Thus TSHR protein expression is found in fibroblasts from several anatomic locations, suggesting that factors other than site-limited TSHR expression must be involved in restricting the distribution of Graves' disease manifestations. Furthermore, the presence of functional TSHR in preadipocytes raises the possibility of a novel role for TSHR signaling in adipose tissue development.
In-air gestures around unmodified mobile devices (2014)

We present a novel machine learning based algorithm extending the interaction space around mobile devices. The technique uses only the RGB camera now commonplace on off-the-shelf mobile devices. Our algorithm robustly recognizes a wide range of in-air gestures, supporting user variation, and varying lighting conditions. We demonstrate that our algorithm runs in real-time on unmodified mobile devices, including resource-constrained smartphones and smartwatches. Our goal is not to replace the touchscreen as primary input device, but rather to augment and enrich the existing interaction vocabulary using gestures. While touch input works well for many scenarios, we demonstrate numerous interaction tasks such as mode switches, application and task management, menu selection and certain types of navigation, where such input can be either complemented or better served by in-air gestures. This removes screen real-estate issues on small touchscreens, and allows input to be expanded to the 3D space around the device. We present results for recognition accuracy (93% test and 98% train), impact of memory footprint and other model parameters. Finally, we report results from preliminary user evaluations, discuss advantages and limitations and conclude with directions for future work.
Effect of recombinant interferon gamma administration on lesional monocytes/macrophages in lepromatous leprosy patients. (1993)

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anion (O2-) were estimated in lesional cells from 10 lepromatous leprosy patients injected intralesionally with recombinant interferon-gamma (rIFN-gamma). Clinically similar contralateral lesions injected with excipient served as controls. Lesional esterase-positive cells (suggestive of monocytes/macrophages) from rIFN-gamma-injected sites of many subjects showed net increments in the H2O2 and O2 levels compared to controls. When these cells were exposed to Mycobacterium leprae in vitro, there was a down-regulation of O2- in 4 of 5 subjects. Such inhibition was not observed in rIFN-gamma-injected sites. From the present studies it was not possible to determine whether the above effects of rIFN-gamma were primarily on lesional mature macrophages or on newly migrated young monocytes. Erythema and induration were observed at the cytokine-injected site but not at the control site between 24 and 72 hr. A monthly slit-skin smear examination of the former site showed a bacterial index (BI) reduction compared to the controls in 4 of 10 patients, this reduction occurring as early as 4 to 8 weeks. Histopathology of the biopsies of 6 of 10 subjects between 9 and 10 months showed a further BI decrease attributable to rIFN-gamma and not to the subsequently instituted chemotherapy.
DNA fingerprinting by specific priming of concatenated oligonucleotides (1991)

Journal Article DNA fingerprinting by specific priming of concatenated oligonucleotides Get access Celia A. May, Celia A. May Department of Genetics, University of NottinghamQueens Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jon H. Wetton Jon H. Wetton Department of Genetics, University of NottinghamQueens Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 19, Issue 16, 25 August 1991, Page 4557, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/19.16.4557 Published: 25 August 1991 Article history Accepted: 25 June 1991 Published: 25 August 1991
Design of a modular snake robot (2007)

Many factors such as size, power, and weight constrain the design of modular snake robots. Meeting these constraints requires implementing a complex mechanical and electrical architecture. Here we present our solution, which involves the construction of sixteen aluminum modules and creation of the Super Servo, a modified hobby servo. To create the Super Servo, we have replaced the electronics in a hobby servo, adding such components as sensors to monitor current and temperature, a communications bus, and a programmable microcontroller. Any robust solution must also protect components from hazardous environments such as sand and brush. To resolve this problem we insert the robots into skins that cover their surface. Functions such as climbing the inside and outside of a pipe add a new dimension of interaction. Thus we attach a compliant, high-friction material to every module, which assists in tasks that require gripping. This combination of the mechanical and electrical architectures results in a robust and versatile robot.
Convective boiling and condensation - Third edition (1994)

Keywords: convection: : : ; condensation: : : ; ebullition: : : ; evaporation: : : ; ecoulement: biphase: : : ; nucleation: : : ; chaleur: transfert de: : : ; saturation: : : Reference Record created on 2004-09-07, modified on 2016-08-08
T Cells Targeting Carcinoembryonic Antigen Can Mediate Regression of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer but Induce Severe Transient Colitis (2010)

Autologous T lymphocytes genetically engineered to express a murine T cell receptor (TCR) against human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were administered to three patients with metastatic colorectal cancer refractory to standard treatments. All patients experienced profound decreases in serum CEA levels (74-99%), and one patient had an objective regression of cancer metastatic to the lung and liver. However, a severe transient inflammatory colitis that represented a dose limiting toxicity was induced in all three patients. This report represents the first example of objective regression of metastatic colorectal cancer mediated by adoptive T cell transfer and illustrates the successful use of a TCR, raised in human leukocyte antigen (HLA) transgenic mice, against a human tumor associated antigen. It also emphasizes the destructive power of small numbers of highly avid T cells and the limitations of using CEA as a target for cancer immunotherapy.
Modifying effect of organocobalt complexes on the tumour response to anticancer treatments. (1998)

A new type of agents are proposed for combined cancer therapy. They are organocobalt (III) chelates containing a sigma-bounded organyl group and a mixed tridentate ligand derived from a Schiff base. These complexes generate free radicals due to the action of protons in physiological ranges of pH and temperature, and hence are conceivably capable of selectively attacking a malignant neoplasm that is slightly acidic and can be made even more so by introducing some means intensifying glycolysis. An in vivo examination was performed using transplanted rat tumours (Guerin and Walker 256 carcinomas, Sarcoma 45). The modifying effect of one of these complexes on the tumour response to cis-DDP, radiation and/or local hyperthermia was tested by means of tumour growth delay assay and local tumour control. The potentiating effect of the complex was maximal when it was administered 60-90 minutes prior to other agents (cisDDP, X-irradiation heat). The enhancement ratio was found to be ca. 2.0-4.0 for cisDDP and 2.0 for radiation. In conclusion, in our tumour models, an increase of the antitumour effect was obtained for conventional antitumour agents when they were supplemented with organocobalt complex. It can be hypothesised that DNA in tumour cells may be considered to be the main target for organocobalt complexes.
Segment Routing Use Cases (2013)

Network Working Group
Internet-Draft
Intended status: Standards Track
Expires: April 24, 2014
Voluntary brain processing in disorders of consciousness (2008)

The present results suggest that active evoked-related potentials paradigms may permit detection of voluntary brain function in patients with severe brain damage who present with a disorder of consciousness, even when the patient may present with very limited to questionably any signs of awareness.