gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differentiation of Monkey Embryonic Stem Cells into Neural Lineages1 (2003)

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are self-renewing, pluripotent, and capable of differentiating into all of the cell types found in the adult body. Therefore, they have the potential to replace degenerated or damaged cells, including those in the central nervous system. For ES cell-based therapy to become a clinical reality, translational research involving nonhuman primates is essential. Here, we report monkey ES cell differentiation into embryoid bodies (EBs), neural progenitor cells (NPCs), and committed neural phenotypes. The ES cells were aggregated in hanging drops to form EBs. The EBs were then plated onto adhesive surfaces in a serum-free medium to form NPCs and expanded in serum-free medium containing fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 before neural differentiation was induced. Cells were characterized at each step by immunocytochemistry for the presence of specific markers. The majority of cells in complex/cystic EBs expressed antigens (alpha-fetal protein, cardiac troponin I, and vimentin) representative of all three embryonic germ layers. Greater than 70% of the expanded cell populations expressed antigenic markers (nestin and musashi1) for NPCs. After removal of FGF-2, approximately 70% of the NPCs differentiated into neuronal phenotypes expressing either microtubule-associated protein-2C (MAP2C) or neuronal nuclear antigen (NeuN), and approximately 28% differentiated into glial cell types expressing glial fibrillary acidic protein. Small populations of MAP2C/NeuN-positive cells also expressed tyrosine hydroxylase (approximately 4%) or choline acetyltransferase (approximately 13%). These results suggest that monkey ES cells spontaneously differentiate into cells of all three germ layers, can be induced and maintained as NPCs, and can be further differentiated into committed neural lineages, including putative neurons and glial cells.
Microwave continuous sterilization of injection ampoules. (1996)

A new microwave continuous sterilizer (MWS) for applying microwave dielectric heating as an alternative to an autoclave was developed. The developmental objectives of the MWS were: 1. Achieving sufficient sterilization for the drugs containing heat-sensitive ingredients. 2. Measuring and recording sterilization temperature of each ampoule. 3. Ensuring automatic continuous operation and linkage with the preceding and following machines in an injection ampoule production process. The temperature of the drug solution in an ampoule was heated to 140 degrees C within about 30 seconds by the MWS. Target F0 value is achieved through the maintaining heater to maintain the target temperature for 12 seconds. Ampoules are cooled with air and water after completion of heating. The MWS is capable of processing 150 ampoules per minute. The newly developed techniques which minimized temperature distribution of heated ampoule solution were: 1. Microwave irradiation in a direction opposite to the direction of ampoules transportation. 2. Microwave irradiation in the lower part of ampoule solution (i.e., heating up the drug solution by thermal convection.) 3. Microwave power control by feedback of measured temperatures. 4. Heating rate control corresponding to the dielectric property of ampoule solution. The drug stability test was performed using 3% pyridoxamine phosphate solution, and the inactivation of spores in 3% pyridoxamine phosphate solution was examined using Bacillus stearothermophilus ATCC 7953 spores. The MWS was proved to have an adequate efficiency of sterilization with less chemical degradation of the contents than an autoclave.
Expression and excretion of human fibroblast beta 1 interferon in monkey cells after transfection with a recombinant SV40 plasmid vector. (1982)

We have constructed a eukaryotic expression vector designed to express a gene under late SV40 transcriptional control. From this chimeric plasmic-SV40 vector, virtually all the sequences which code for the major capsid protein VP1 have been deleted and instead, the human fibroblast interferon beta 1 cDNA gene has been inserted. After transfection of monkey cells with this recombinant, substantial quantities of human beta 1 interferon (up to 2 x 10(-4) IU/ml) were excreted in the culture medium. Transfection of nonpermissive mouse L cells or rat cells yielded virtually undetectable quantities of human beta 1 interferon (5 x 10(3) to 10(4) times less than that in monkey cells). The recombinant SV40 vector may serve as a model vehicle for the efficient expression of other eukaryotic genes and might also be used as a direct screening vector for cloning of eukaryotic or prokaryotic cDNA genes.
Variable site of airway narrowing among obstructive sleep apnea patients (1986)

The purpose of this was to determine whether the site of physiological narrowing within the upper airway was uniform or differed among patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Inspiratory pressures were measured with an esophageal balloon catheter and three catheters located at different sites along the upper airway: supralaryngeal airway, oropharynx, and nasopharynx. Peak inspiratory pressure differences between catheters allowed assessment of pressure gradients across three airway segments: lungs-larynx-retroepiglottal airway (esophageal-supralaryngeal pressure), hypopharynx (supralaryngeal-oropharynx pressure), and transpalatal airway (oropharynx-nasopharynx pressure). In five patients, hypopharyngeal obstruction was present, and in four patients no hypopharyngeal obstruction existed. In these four patients the site of obstruction was located at the level of the palate. In a given subject, the site of obstruction was the same during repeated measurements. The presence or absence of hypopharyngeal narrowing during sleep was not predictable from gradients measured across different segments of the upper airway during wakefulness. We conclude that the site of physiological upper airway obstruction varies among patients with obstructive sleep apnea and is not predictable from pressure measured during wakefulness. We speculate that uvulopalatopharyngoplasty may not relieve obstructive apneas in patients with hypopharyngeal obstruction.
Efficient digital baseband predistortion for modern wireless handsets (2009)

This dissertation studies the design of an efficient adaptive digital baseband predistorter for modern cellular handsets that combines low power consumption, low implementation complexity, and high performance. The proposed enhancements are optimized for hardware implementation. We first present a thorough study of the optimal spacing of linearly-interpolated lookup table predistorters supported by theoretical calculations and extensive simulations. A constant-SNR compander that increases the predistorter's supported input dynamic range is derived. A corresponding low-complexity approximation that lends itself to efficient hardware design is also implemented in VHDL and synthesized with the Synopsys Design Compiler. This dissertation also proposes an LMS-based predistorter adaptation that is optimized for hardware implementation and compares the effectiveness of the direct and indirect learning architectures. A novel predistorter design with quadrature imbalance correction capability is developed and a corresponding adaptation scheme is proposed. This robust predistorter configuration is designed by combining linearization and I/Q imbalance correction into a single function with the same computational complexity as the widespread complex-gain predistorter.
Glidobactins A, B and C, new antitumor antibiotics. I. Production, isolation, chemical properties and biological activity. (1988)

New antitumor antibiotic glidobactins A, B and C were isolated from the cultured broth of a gliding bacterium, Polyangium brachysporum sp. nov. No. K481-B101. They are novel molecules carrying the common cyclic tripeptide nucleus substituted with different alpha, beta, gamma, delta-unsaturated fatty acids. Glidobactins exhibit broad inhibitory activity against fungi and yeasts, and prolong the life span of mice inoculated with P388 leukemia cells.
High-sensitivity, fiber-optic, flexural disk hydrophone with reduced acceleration response (1989)

Abstract A hydrophone consisting of a hollow cylinder whose flexible, circular end plates are bonded to pairs of pat, spiral wound coils of optical fiber is described. When the end plate/disk is deformed due to a pressure difference, the outer and inner fiber coils experience opposite strains resulting in a "push—pull" optical path length difference which is detected in an all-fiber Michelson interferometer. The close proximity of the interferometric fiber coils, separated by the thin thermally conducting end plate, rejects thermal gradient-induced signals. The addition of a second identical end plate and fiber coil pair at the opposite end of the cylinder will double the acoustic sensitivity while canceling acceleration induced signals. The calculated and measured optical strain of a single simply supported plate, single-coil sensor (8.0 cm diameter, 3.0 mm thickness) using static pressure, acoustic pressure, and acceleration are in good agreement and yield a sensitivity of 0.21 rad/Pa (ΔΦ/ΦΔP = -301 dB re I μPa-1) below its resonance frequency of 3 kHz. The calculated and measured strain for a dual clamped disk (4.5 cm diameter, 1.0 mm thickness) acceleration-canceling sensor with four 8-m coils are in good agreement also and yield a sensitivity of 1.0 rad/Pa (ΔΦ/ΦpΔP = -291 dB re 1 μPa−1) below the disk resonance frequency of 4.5 kHz. These are the highest fiber-optic, omnidirectional hydrophone sensitivities reported to date.
Visualizing dynamic data with maps (2011)

Maps offer a familiar way to present geographic data (continents, countries), and additional information (topography, geology), can be displayed with the help of contours and heat-map overlays. In this paper we consider visualizing large-scale dynamic relational data by taking advantage of the geographic map metaphor. We describe a system that visualizes user traffic on the Internet radio station last.fm and address challenges in mental map preservation, as well as issues in animated map-based visualization.
A systematic review of oral treatments for fungal infections of the skin of the feet (2001)

There is significant evidence that terbinafine is more effective than griseofulvin, though more costly. There is weak evidence that terbinafine may be more cost-effective than itraconazole. Firm recommendations about the choice between terbinafine and the azoles need further research.
Surface Characterization and Corrosion Behavior of 90/10 Copper-Nickel Alloy in Marine Environment (2019)

Surface characterization and corrosion behavior of 90/10 copper-nickel alloy in seawater from Xiamen bay at 30 °C for 56 days were investigated in this study. The results indicated that the corrosion product layer was mainly a mixture of CuO, Cu<sub>2</sub>O, and Cu(OH)<sub>2</sub>, with a transition to CuCl, CuCl<sub>2</sub>, and Cu<sub>2</sub>(OH)<sub>3</sub>Cl during the corrosion process. However, as corrosion proceeds, the resistance of the product film was reduced due to its heterogeneous and fairly porous structures, which led to local corrosion of the alloy. The corrosion potentials (<i>E<sub>corr</sub></i>) increase while corrosion current densities (<i>I<sub>corr</sub></i>) decrease with time because of the formation of protective oxide film.
Retroviral end-point titer is not predictive of gene transfer efficiency: implications for vector production. (1995)

Efforts to improve gene transfer (transduction) efficiency achieved with retroviral vectors often focus on increasing the end-point titer. In this study, we assayed more than 70 retroviral vector supernatants for end-point titer and for the ability to transfer reporter genes into cell populations (referred to as transduction efficiency). We found no correlation between end-point titer and transduction efficiency. We also show that increasing end-point titer by ultrafiltration does not necessarily increase transduction efficiency. Evidence presented shows that nontransducing retroviral particles interfere with transducing virions and reduce transduction efficiency without reducing end-point titer. We have investigated production parameters and stability of retroviral vector particles using transduction efficiency as a measure of supernatant potency. Analysis of the production kinetics showed that the rate of virus production was marginally higher at 37 degrees C than at 32 degrees C. However, recombinant amphotropic retrovirus particles are significantly more stable at 32 degrees C than at 37 degrees C. In addition, we show that short incubation periods are sufficient to yield supernatants with high transduction efficiencies. We have implemented improved culture conditions, including short incubation periods, by continually perfusing medium over producer cells in a packed-bed bioreactor incubated at 32 degrees C. By operating the packed-bed bioreactor in perfusion mode, retroviral vector supernatants with a high transduction efficiency can be routinely produced in large quantities.
Randomized algorithms and NLP (2005)

In this paper, we explore the power of randomized algorithm to address the challenge of working with very large amounts of data. We apply these algorithms to generate noun similarity lists from 70 million pages. We reduce the running time from quadratic to practically linear in the number of elements to be computed.
Growth Inhibition of Human Ovarian Cancers by Cytotoxic Analogues of Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone (1997)

In nude mice bearing LH-RH receptor positive OV-1063 epithelial ovarian cancers, systemic administration of AN-152 is less toxic and inhibits tumor growth better than equimolar doses of doxorubicin.
A Complement Inhibitor Produced by <i>Stachybotrys complementi</i>, nov. sp. K‐76, a New Species of Fungi Imperfecti (1980)

A complement inhibitor, K-76, was isolated and purified from the culture supernatant of a fungus, Stachybotrys complementi, nov. sp. K-76, isolated from soil of Ishigaki Island, Okinawa. K-76 is a sesquiterpene compound and it can be oxidized to a monocarboxylic derivative (K-76 COOH), the sodium salt of which is very soluble and much less toxic than K-76. K-76 and K-76 COOH both inhibited complement activation by either the classical or alternative pathway. They inhibited generation of the factor chemotactic to human polymorphonuclear leukocytes from human serum by aggregated immunoglobulin. When sensitized erythrocytes were treated with complement in the presence of K-76 COOH, the resulting unlysed cells were found to be in the state of EACl, 4b, 2a, 3b. Thus K-76 COOH is considered to block mainly the C5 intermediate step. K-76 COOH did not inhibit any proteases or esterases tested, except when tested at high concentration.
The Mythos of Model Interpretability (2018)

In machine learning, the concept of interpretability is both important and slippery.
Structure-activity studies on prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP). Analogues of PrRP-(19-31)-peptide (2004)

An investigation of a series of single replacement analogues of PrRP-(19-31)-peptide has shown that good functional activity was retained when Phe31 was replaced with His(Bzl), Phe(4Cl), Nle, Trp, Cys(Bzl) or Glu(OBzl); when Val28 or Ile25 was replaced with Phg; when Gly24 was replaced with D-Ala, L-Ala, Pro or Sar; when Ser22 was replaced with Gly and when Ala21 was replaced with Thr or MeAla. The results confirm that the functionally important residues are located within the carboxyl terminal segment, -Ile-Arg-Pro-Val-Gly-Arg-Phe-NH2.
A clinical approach for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus: an analysis using glycosylated hemoglobin levels. Meta-analysis Research Group on the Diagnosis of Diabetes Using Glycated Hemoglobin Levels. (1996)

Although the OGTT is the "gold standard" for diagnosing diabetes, it is known to be poorly reproducible and is often not performed. Not only is use of an HbA1c level to diagnose diabetes more convenient, but therapeutic decisions are based on this value, regardless of the findings on the OGTT. An HbA1c level of 7.0% or higher often requires pharmacological intervention and is most often associated with the diagnosis of diabetes by World Health Organization standards. An HbA1c level below 7.0% would generally be treated with diet and exercise, regardless of the diagnosis of IGT or diabetes by OGTT. Thus, measurement of HbA1c levels may represent a reasonable approach to identifying treatment-requiring diabetes.
EGFR-TKI, Erlotinib, Causes Hypomagnesemia, Oxidative Stress, and Cardiac Dysfunction (2014)

To determine whether the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, erlotinib may cause hypomagnesemia, inflammation, and cardiac stress, erlotinib was administered to rats (10 mg · kg(-1)· d(-1)) for 9 weeks. Plasma magnesium decreased progressively between 3 and 9 weeks (-9% to -26%). Modest increases in plasma substance P (SP) occurred at 3 (27%) and 9 (25%) weeks. Neutrophil superoxide-generating activity increased 3-fold, and plasma 8-isoprostane rose 210%, along with noticeable appearance of cardiac perivascular nitrotyrosine. The neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptor antagonist, aprepitant (2 mg · kg(-1) · d(-1)), attenuated erlotinib-induced hypomagnesemia up to 42%, reduced circulating SP, suppressed neutrophil superoxide activity and 8-isoprostane elevations; cardiac nitrotyrosine was diminished. Echocardiography revealed mild to moderately decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (-11%) and % fractional shortening (-17%) by 7 weeks of erlotinib treatment and significant reduction (-17.5%) in mitral valve E/A ratio at week 9 indicative of systolic and early diastolic dysfunction. Mild thinning of the left ventricular posterior wall suggested early dilated cardiomyopathy. Aprepitant completely prevented the erlotinib-induced systolic and diastolic dysfunction and partially attenuated the anatomical changes. Thus, chronic erlotinib treatment does induce moderate hypomagnesemia, triggering SP-mediated oxidative/inflammation stress and mild-to-moderate cardiac dysfunction, which can largely be corrected by the administration of the SP receptor blocker.
ピッチングモードが影響するフラッタの実験に成功: 風洞実験・数値解析でHOPEなどの機首の上下によるフラッタの発生特性を確認 (1997)

航空機の設計における重要な問題の一つにフラッタがあります。フラッタとは気流からエネルギーを吸収し，気流中の物体の振動が大きくなる現象のことです。物体の損傷・破壊を招くこともあり，特に航空機の翼で発生した場合は致命的になりかねません。通常問題となるフラッタは，ある速度以上になると翼の曲げ成分（モード）とねじり成分（モード）が互いに影響し合う（連成する）ことで発生します。現在研究開発中の有翼宇宙往還機は，H-IIロケットの先端に搭載されて打上げられる形態が候補の一つとなっています。往還機が単独で飛行するのと異なるこのような場合，ピッチングモードという機首が上下するモードがフラッタに影響する可能性があります。図1はテスト用模型の解析で得られたモードの形を示しています。テスト用模型を使って当研究所の風洞でフラッタの実験を行いました。実験ではピッチングモードを含むように特殊な支持装置を開発し模型を搭載しました（写真）。実験の結果，ピッチングモードと曲げモードが連成するフラッタ（ピッチングモードフラッタ）が，通常の曲げねじりフラッタよりも低い速度で発生することが確認されました。図2はピッチングの振動を記録したもので，フラッタが発生して急激に振動が大きくなっています。さらにDPM（Doublet Point Method，気流から振動的に受ける力を計算する方法）により空気力を計算し，フラッタの数値解析を行ったところ，同様にこのことが認められました。結果として，開発した装置が有効に機能することを確認できたと共に，設計時にロケットの先端に搭載した状態の振動特性を適切にして，ピッチングモードフラッタが起こらないようにしなければならないことがわかりました。
Combination therapy for chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa respiratory infection associated with biofilm formation (2000)

There had been no reports of investigations into biofilms in chronic respiratory infection in vivo. Recently, we established a new murine model of chronic respiratory infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In the present study, we examined the bacteriological effect of combined clarithromycin and levofloxacin against chronic respiratory infection with P. aeruginosa. Scanning electron micrograph of the surface of the catheter intubated in mouse bronchus for 7 days demonstrated in vivo formation of a biofilm containing blood cells, complex fibrous structures and bacteria. Treatment with either clarithromycin alone or levofloxacin alone had no statistical effect on the number of viable bacteria in lung. The combined use of both drugs resulted in a significant decrease in the number of viable bacteria. The present experiment demonstrates that the newly established murine model was useful to investigate the treatment of biofilm-associated chronic respiratory infection with P. aeruginosa, and combination therapy with clarithromycin and levofloxacin was effective in biofilm-associated chronic respiratory infection.
Transcription factor NF-kappaB regulation of renal fibrosis during ureteral obstruction. (1998)

Irrespective of the etiology, many kidney diseases result in inflammation and fibrosis of the tubulointerstitium, with the subsequent loss of renal function. To initiate any disease process or for any disease process to progress, there must be changes in the transcription of genes within the affected tissue. The nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) family of transcription factors regulates genes involved in inflammation, cell proliferation, and cell differentiation. This review discusses the NF-kappaB transcription factor family in general and the association of NF-kappaB activation with cellular/molecular events of renal inflammation and fibrosis.
A Fast Algorithm for Segmentation of Microscopic Cell Images (2006)

In this paper we introduce a fast algorithm for the segmentation of breast nuclei in the microscopic images of fine needle aspiration. The algorithm depends on the color information of the nuclei to separate them from the background. It consists of two main steps. First, apply Sobel edge detection method on the blue component of the image to separate touching nuclei. Second, the green component of the image is thresholded to separate the nuclei from the background. The algorithm correctly segmented 80% of the nuclei and it is also fast compared to previous algorithms.
Clinical activity of rituximab in extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of MALT type (2003)

The clinical activity of rituximab has been evaluated in a phase 2 study in both untreated and relapsed mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas. Treatment consisted of 4 standard (375 mg/m2) weekly doses. Thirty-five patients were enrolled, and 34 completed the treatment program. The primary lymphoma location was stomach in 15 patients, and extragastric in 20. Eleven patients had previously been treated with chemotherapy. At study entry 12 patients had Ann Arbor stage IE, 3 had stage IIE, and 20 had stage IV disease. The overall response rate was 73% (95% confidence interval, 56%-87%), with 15 complete responses and 10 partial responses, and the response rate was significantly higher in the chemotherapy-naive patients, who had an 87% response rate compared with 45% of the previously treated patients (P =.03). The median response duration was 10.5 months. At a median follow-up of 15 months, 9 patients (26%) relapsed. The median time to treatment failure was 14.2 months in the whole series, but it was significantly longer (22 versus 12 months) in the chemotherapy-naive patients compared with those who had prior chemotherapy (P =.001). Most adverse events were of mild to moderate severity with no grade 4 toxicity. This study indicates that rituximab is safe with significant activity in MALT lymphomas.
FLEXIBLE, COLLABORATIVE ORGANIZATION ON A TABLETOP (2002)

As part of our research on designing computer-based systems for organizing materials, we have conducted several qualitative and quantitative investigations of tabletop use both with and without technology. We are interested in exploring more flexible metaphors for organizing materials, such as an informal &amp;quot;pile&amp;quot;-based metaphor, in a collaborative setting around a tabletop. Our goal is to provide more casual, flexible systems for everyday users. Research Vision We envision that there might be abundant opportunities for interaction on post-desktop surfaces that may include tables in public spaces, offices, homes, and schools. We hope that new interfaces for such surfaces will be flexible and fluid enough for novices and experts to use, and that they will easily support collaboration. We hope that the unique properties of tables will be taken advantage of, including allowing people to comfortably move or sit around a large surface in a setting they are familiar with in everyday life. We also hope the computer&amp;apos;s capabilities are employed, for example, by creating additional