gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polymer Brushes Showing Non‐Fouling in Blood Plasma Challenge the Currently Accepted Design of Protein Resistant Surfaces (2011)

Ultra-low-fouling poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide] (poly(HPMA)) brushes have been synthesized for the first time. Similar to the so far only ultra-low-fouling surface, poly(carboxybetaine acrylamide), the level of blood plasma fouling was below the detection limit of surface plasmon resonance (SPR, 0.03 ng·cm(-2)) despite being a hydrogen bond donor and displaying a moderate wettability, thus challenging the currently accepted views for the design of antifouling properties. The antifouling properties were preserved even after two years of storage. To demonstrate the potential of poly(HPMA) brushes for the preparation of bioactive ultra-low fouling surfaces a label-free SPR immunosensor for detection of G Streptococcus was prepared.
Identification and molecular characterization of csrA, a pleiotropic gene from Escherichia coli that affects glycogen biosynthesis, gluconeogenesis, cell size, and surface properties (1993)

Current evidence suggests that a few global regulatory factors mediate many of the extensive changes in gene expression that occur as Escherichia coli enters the stationary phase. One of the metabolic pathways that is transcriptionally activated in the stationary phase is the pathway for biosynthesis of glycogen. To identify factors that regulate glycogen biosynthesis in trans, a collection of transposon mutants was generated and screened for mutations which independently increase or decrease glycogen levels and the expression of a plasmid-encoded glgC'-lacZ fusion. The glycogen excess mutation TR1-5 was found to be pleiotropic. It led to increased expression of the genes glgC (ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase) and glgB (glycogen branching enzyme), which are representative of two glycogen synthesis operons, and the gluconeogenic gene pckA (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase), and it exhibited effects on cell size and surface (adherence) properties. The mutated gene was designated csrA for carbon storage regulator. Its effect on glycogen biosynthesis was mediated independently of cyclic AMP (cAMP), the cAMP receptor protein, and guanosine 3'-bisphosphate 5'-bisphosphate (ppGpp), which are positive regulators of glgC expression. A plasmid clone of the native csrA gene strongly inhibited glycogen accumulation and affected the ability of cells to utilize certain carbon sources for growth. Nucleotide sequence analysis, complementation experiments, and in vitro expression studies indicated that csrA encodes a 61-amino-acid polypeptide that inhibits glycogen biosynthesis. Computer-assisted data base searches failed to identify genes or proteins that are homologous with csrA or its gene product.
Commonly asked questions about nightguard vital bleaching. (1998)

There are three basic classes of materials and techniques used for the bleaching of vital teeth. These include the in-office bleaching technique with 35 percent hydrogen peroxide, the Nightguard vital bleaching technique with 10 percent carbamide peroxide, and the over-the counter bleaching kits with three-to-six percent hydrogen peroxide. The most popular of these techniques is Nightguard vital bleaching also referred to as dentist-prescribed, home-applied bleaching. This article looks at the current status of the Nightguard vital bleaching technique, with a special emphasis on the clinical aspects of the treatment, along with the most commonly asked questions concerning the procedure. It would still appear that this form of dentist-prescribed, home-applied bleaching, when preceded by a proper examination and correct diagnosis, applied with a properly fitted prosthesis, and monitored as needed by a dentist, is as safe as other accepted dental procedures or commonly ingested foodstuffs.
Strategies for selecting Recombinant CHO cell lines for cGMP manufacturing: Realizing the potential in bioreactors (2010)

Manufacture of recombinant proteins from mammalian cell lines requires the use of bioreactor systems at scales of up to 20,000 L. The cost and complexity of such systems can prohibit their extensive use during the process to construct and select the manufacturing cell line. It is therefore common practice to develop a model of the production process in a small scale vessel, such as a shake-flask, where lower costs, ease of handling, and higher throughput are possible. This model can then be used to select a small number of cell lines for further evaluation in bioreactor culture. Here, we extend our previous work investigating cell line construction strategies to assess how well the behavior of cell lines in such a shake-flask assessment predicts behavior in the associated bioreactor production process. A panel of 29 GS-CHO cell lines, all producing the same antibody, were selected to include a mixture of high and low producers from a pool of 175 transfectants. Assessment of this panel in 10 L bioreactor culture revealed wide variation in parameters including growth, productivity, and metabolite utilization. In general, those cell lines which were high producing in the bioreactor cultures had also been higher producing in an earlier shake-flask assessment. However, some changes in rank position of the evaluated cell lines were seen between the two systems. A potential explanation of these observations is discussed and approaches to improve the predictability of assessments used for cell line selection are considered.
Effects of aeration and soil compaction on growth of the carrot,<i>Daucus carota</i>L. (1977)

SummaryGrowth analysis of carrots grown in water culture has shown that dry matter accumulation and growth in size are severely affected by lack of aeration of the medium, top growth being particularly affected. Exposure of the top few cm of the tap root to the air ameliorates this condition to a limited extent. Although plants grown at all times without aeration appear to adapt to such conditions to some degree, a rapid change to non-aerated conditions has disastrous effects and causes severe leaf senescence. Subsequent formation of lateral roots at the upper end of the tap root may serve to increase O2 uptake by the root system. Transfer from non-aerated to fully aerated conditions provokes a rapid increase of top growth, suggesting the involvement of root-produced cytokinins. Soil compaction also has major effects on root growth and length, very loose or highly compacted conditions being detrimental to overall growth. With high compaction normally cylindrical tap roots become sharply conical.
Effect of Quercetin on the Pharmacokinetics of Rosiglitazone, a CYP2C8 Substrate, in Healthy Subjects (2005)

Previous in vitro studies have demonstrated that quercetin inhibits CYP2C8, but there are no available data to indicate that quercetin inhibits CYP2C8 in vivo. The effect of long-term use of quercetin on the pharmacokinetics of rosiglitazone was evaluated. After administration of quercetin or matched placebo for 3 weeks in a crossover manner, rosiglitazone 4 mg was administered, and the pharmacokinetics of rosiglitazone and N-desmethylrosiglitazone were determined. For AUCinfinity, AUClast, and Cmax, the geometric mean ratios (90% confidence interval) for (quercetin + rosiglitazone/placebo + rosiglitazone) were 0.98 (0.92, 1.05), 0.99 (0.92, 1.05), and 1.01 (0.88, 1.14), respectively. Metabolic conversion based on the AUC ratio of N-desmethylrosiglitazone/rosiglitazone in the quercetin phase (0.49 +/- 0.17) was similar to that of the placebo phase (0.47 +/- 0.14) (P = .574). Even though the acute interaction that would occur during the first few days of concurrent administration of quercetin cannot be excluded, these results indicate that long-term use of quercetin does not inhibit CYP2C8 activity, and the usage has little possibility of interacting with drugs that are metabolized by CYP2C8, including rosiglitazone.
Digital‐Mode Organic Vapor‐Jet Printing (D‐OVJP): Advanced Jet‐on‐Demand Control of Organic Thin‐Film Deposition (2012)

Digital-mode organic vapor-jet printing (D-OVJP) is demonstrated by producing a series of organic vapor jets. D-OVJP not only inherits all the benefits of a conventional OVJP but also provides an advanced, straightforward control over organic deposition with a pixel-to-pixel precision. Digitally-controlled film thickness and high-performance thin-film transistors are demonstrated with D-OVJP, proving its potential applicability to organic electronics and related areas.
Theoretical Studies of the Ground and Excited Electronic States in Cyclometalated Phenylpyridine Ir(III) Complexes Using Density Functional Theory (2002)

The ground state and low-lying excited electronic states in the Ir(III) complex Ir(ppy)3, and in the related complexes Ir(ppy)2(acac) and Ir(ppy)2(bza), are studied using density functional theory techniques [where ppy = 2-phenylpyridine, acac = acetoylacetonate, and bza = benzyolacetonate]. Ir complexes of ppy have been the subject of numerous photophysical absorption and luminescence experiments and have been examined as potential donors in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). The electronic properties of the neutral molecules, in addition to the positive and negative ions, are studied using the B3LYP functional. Optimized geometries are compared to experimentally observed structures. Excited triplet and singlet states are examined using time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). The calculated energies of the lowest triplet state (2.4−2.6 eV) and lowest singlet state (2.6−2.7 eV) in the three complexes are in good agreement with experimental absorption spectra and luminescence studies. All of the low-lying transitions are categorized as metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) transitions. The metal orbitals involved in the transitions have a significant admixture of ligand π character, as shown by the amount of metal 5d character which varies from 45 to 65%. The nature of the lowest unoccupied orbital changes from ppy-localized to bza-localized for the series of three molecules.
Power-efficient prefetching for embedded processors (2007)

Because of stringent power constraints, aggressive latency-hiding approaches, such as prefetching, are absent in the state-of-the-art embedded processors. There are two main reasons that make prefetching power inefficient. First, compiler-inserted prefetch instructions increase code size and, therefore, could increase I-cache power. Second, inaccurate prefetching (especially for hardware prefetching) leads to high D-cache power consumption because of useless accesses. In this work, we show that it is possible to support power-efficient prefetching through bit-differential offset assignment. We target the prefetching of relocatable stack variables with a high degree of precision. By assigning the offsets of stack variables in such a way that most consecutive addresses differ by 1 bit, we can prefetch them with compact prefetch instructions to save I-cache power. The compiler first generates an access graph of consecutive memory references and then attempts a layout of the memory locations in the smallest hypercube. Each dimension of the hypercube represents a 1-bit differential addressing. The embedding is carried out in as compact a hypercube as possible in order to save memory space. Each load/store instruction carries a hint regarding prefetching the next memory reference by encoding its differential address with respect to the current one. To reduce D-cache power cost, we further attempt to assign offsets so that most of the consecutive accesses map to the same cache line. Our prefetching is done using a one entry line buffer [Wilson et al. 1996]. Consequently, many look-ups in D-cache reduce to incremental ones. This results in D-cache activity reduction and power savings. Our prefetcher requires both compiler and hardware support. In this paper, we provide implementation on the processor model close to ARM with small modification to the ISA. We tackle issues such as out-of-order commit, predication, and speculation through simple modifications to the processor pipeline on noncritical paths. Our goal in this work is to boost performance while maintaining/lowering power consumption. Our results show 12% speedup and slight power reduction. The runtime virtual space loss for stack and static data is about 11.8%.
SECS—Simulation and Evaluation of Chemical Synthesis: Strategy and Planning (1977)

1. INTRODUCTION As the field of organic synthesis grows in sophistication it is appropriate that some thought should be given to the problem solving processes used in designing a synthesis and in selecting a synthesis from among many. Just as mathematicians have found the computer useful in studying the structure of finite groups and in searching for and testing new proofs,1 so too the organic chemist is finding the computer useful in exploring the hypersurface of syntheses. Because actual execution of a synthesis is time-consuming and costly, the selection of which synthetic sequence to use becomes very important. The "Eureka Syndrome" leads one to stop generating alternative approaches after the first attractive solution is formulated,2 but for an informed selection of the "best" route to try in the laboratory, one should examine several possible routes. Some of the advantages of computer-assisted design derive from the fact that the computer is
The Tubulin Code (2007)

Microtubules create diverse arrays with specific cellular functions such as the mitotic spindle, cilia and bundles inside neurons. How microtubules are regulated to enable specific functions is not well understood. Recent work has shown that posttranslational modifications of the tubulin building blocks mark subpopulations of microtubules and selectively affect downstream microtubule-based functions. In this way, the tubulin modifications generate a "code" that can be read by microtubule-associated proteins in a manner analogous to how the histone code directs diverse chromatin functions. Here we review recent progress in understanding how the tubulin code is generated, maintained, and read by microtubule effectors.
Springrobot: A Prototype Autonomous Vehicle and Its Algorithms for Lane Detection (2004)

This work presents the current status of the Springrobot autonomous vehicle project, whose main objective is to develop a safety-warning and driver-assistance system and an automatic pilot for rural and urban traffic environments. This system uses a high precise digital map and a combination of various sensors. The architecture and strategy for the system are briefly described and the details of lane-marking detection algorithms are presented. The R and G channels of the color image are used to form graylevel images. The size of the resulting gray image is reduced and the Sobel operator with a very low threshold is used to get a grayscale edge image. In the adaptive randomized Hough transform, pixels of the gray-edge image are sampled randomly according to their weights corresponding to their gradient magnitudes. The three-dimensional (3-D) parametric space of the curve is reduced to the two-dimensional (2-D) and the one-dimensional (1-D) space. The paired parameters in two dimensions are estimated by gradient directions and the last parameter in one dimension is used to verify the estimated parameters by histogram. The parameters are determined coarsely and quantization accuracy is increased relatively by a multiresolution strategy. Experimental results in different road scene and a comparison with other methods have proven the validity of the proposed method.
A CMOS DRAM controller chip implementation (1987)

A DRAM controller which handles up to 128 1-Mb DRAM chips has been developed based on the WE 32100 32-bit microsystem. Fabricated with a 1.5 /spl mu/m twin-tub CMOS technology, nominal DRC devices operate at an internal clock rate of 36 MHz. High circuit speed was achieved by the use of clock-skew minimization techniques to limit clock signal variations to within 3.0 ns throughout the chip, and a modified standard-cell approach called gate-matrix custom cells. The chip implementation process was completed in less than four months and error-free silicon was obtained from the first mask set.
A Strategy for the Synthesis of Well-Defined Iron Catalysts and Application to Regioselective Diene Hydrosilylation (2010)

We report the development of a well-defined Fe catalyst and its application to the regio- and stereoselective 1,4-hydrosilylation of 1,3-dienes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of accessing a characterized low-valent Fe catalyst by controlled reductive elimination from a readily accessible Fe precatalyst.
Mucosal immune responses to meningococcal conjugate polysaccharide vaccines in infants (2002)

Significant salivary IgG antibodies to meningococcal C polysaccharide were observed after parenteral immunization with two meningococcal C conjugate vaccines, whereas there was no significant increase in specific IgA antibody levels for these two vaccines.
Initiation of Deregulated Growth of Multipotent Progenitor Cells by <i>bcr-abl</i> in Vitro (1992)

Expression of the bcr-abl oncogene in multipotent progenitor cells (MPPCs) is implicated as a key event in the development of chronic myelogenous leukemia. Bone marrow enriched for MPPCs was infected with a retrovirus that carried bcr-abl . The mixed-lineage colonies that resulted were responsive to growth factors and could differentiate. These cells later became growth factor-independent but, when injected into severe combined immunodeficient mice, were not leukemogenic. Thus, the presence of bcr-abl alone does not cause growth factor independence, although it initiates a stepwise process. This system may prove useful in the study of other oncogenes that cause leukemia.
Transparent organic light-emitting devices with LiF/Mg:Ag cathode (2005)

Transparent organic light-emitting devices (TOLED) based on a stacked transparent cathode of a LiF/Mg:Ag were investigated. The device has a structure of indium-tin-oxide (ITO)/ N, N'-diphenyl-N, N'-(3- methylphenyl)-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (TPD) (90 nm)/ tris-(8- hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq3) (80 nm)/LiF (0.5 nm)/Mg:Ag (20 nm)/Alq3 (50 nm), where the transparent capping layer of 50 nm Alq3 acts as refractive index matching layer to optimize optical output. The turn-on voltage of the device is as low as 2.8 V. The device also shows high optical transparency and low reflectivity in the visible region, approximately 40% of light can emit from the top cathode side and 60% of the light from bottom ITO glass. At injection current density of 20 mA/cm2, the current efficiency, for bottom emission from ITO anode side and top emission from metal cathode side, is 3.4 cd/A and 2.2 cd/A, respectively. The lower turnon voltage and higher efficiency of device are due to enhancing electron injection by using LiF/Mg:Ag cathode.
Fine-grained kitchen activity recognition using RGB-D (2012)

We present a first study of using RGB-D (Kinect-style) cameras for fine-grained recognition of kitchen activities. Our prototype system combines depth (shape) and color (appearance) to solve a number of perception problems crucial for smart space applications: locating hands, identifying objects and their functionalities, recognizing actions and tracking object state changes through actions. Our proof-of-concept results demonstrate great potentials of RGB-D perception: without need for instrumentation, our system can robustly track and accurately recognize detailed steps through cooking activities, for instance how many spoons of sugar are in a cake mix, or how long it has been mixing. A robust RGB-D based solution to fine-grained activity recognition in real-world conditions will bring the intelligence of pervasive and interactive systems to the next level.
A mutation in the B chain coding region is associated with impaired proinsulin conversion in a family with hyperproinsulinemia. (1987)

Gruppuso et al. [Gruppuso, P.A., Gordon, P., Kahn, C. R., Cornblath, M., Zeller, W. P. & Schwartz, R. (1984) N. Engl. J. Med. 311, 629-634] have recently described a family in which hyperproinsulinemia is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, suggesting a structural abnormality in the proinsulin molecule as the basis for this disorder. However, unlike two previous kindreds with a similar syndrome, the serum proinsulin-like material in this family did not appear to be an intermediate conversion product but instead behaved like normal human proinsulin by several criteria. To further characterize this disorder we isolated and sequenced the insulin gene of the propositus. Leukocyte DNA was cloned into lambda-WES and recombinants containing the two insulin alleles, lambda MD41 and lambda MD51, were isolated by plaque hybridization. DNA sequencing of lambda MD51 showed that it contained the normal coding sequence for human preproinsulin. Sequence analysis of lambda MD41, however, revealed a single nucleotide substitution in the codon for residue 10 of proinsulin (CAC----GAC) that predicts the exchange of aspartic acid for histidine in the insulin B chain region. This mutation was also found in an insulin allele cloned from a second affected family member (propositus's father). These results, along with the linkage analysis of Elbein et al. [Elbein, S.C., Gruppuso, P., Schwartz, R., Skolnick, M. & Permutt, M.A. (1985) Diabetes 34, 821-824], strongly implicate this mutation as the cause of the hyperproinsulinemia in this family. Inhibition of the conversion of proinsulin to insulin may be related to altered folding and/or self-association properties of the [Asp10]proinsulin.
Genetics of Obesity (1993)

Genetics of Human Obesities: Introductory Notes (C. Bouchard). Etiology and Prevalence of Obesity (G.A. Bray). Nongenetic Determinants of Obesity and Body Fat Topography (J.O. Hill, M.J. Pagliassotti, and J.C. Peters). Overview of the Adoption Studies (T.I.A. Sorensen and A.J. Stunkard). Twin Studies of Human Obesity (J. Meyer and A.J. Stunkard). Genetics of Obesity: Family Studies (C. Bouchard and L. Perusse). The Case for Single Gene Effects on Human Obesity (A. Price). Genetics of Obesity: Etiologic Heterogeneity and Temporal Trends (I.B. Borecki, M.A. Province, C. Bouchard, and D.C. Rao). Genetics of Energy Intake and Food Preferences (L. Perusse and C. Bouchard). Genetics of Energy Expenditure in Humans (C. Bouchard, O. Deriaz, L. Perusse, and A. Tremblay). Inherited Susceptibility to Metabolic Complications of Obesity (R. Williams, P.N. Hopkins, S.C. Hunt, M.C. Schumacher, B.M. Stults, L.L. Wu, and S.J. Hasstedt). Animal Models of Genetic Obesity: Peripheral Tissue Changes (P.R. Johnson and F. Gregoire). Identification of Genes Underlying Polygenic Obesity in Animal Models (C.H. Warden and J.S. Fisler). Genetics and Molecular Biology of Adipose Cell Characteristics (G. Ailhaud, P.A. Grimaldi, and R.L. Negrel). Molecular Genetic Approaches to Obesity (S.C. Chua and R.L. Leibel). Genetics of Obesity: Overview and Research Directions (C. Bouchard).