gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microchip separations of protein biotoxins using an integrated hand‐held device (2005)

We report the development of a hand-held instrument capable of performing two simultaneous microchip separations (gel and zone electrophoresis), and demonstrate this instrument for the detection of protein biotoxins. Two orthogonal analysis methods are chosen over a single method in order to improve the probability of positive identification of the biotoxin in an unknown mixture. Separations are performed on a single fused-silica wafer containing two separation channels. The chip is housed in a microfluidic manifold that utilizes o-ring sealed fittings to enable facile and reproducible fluidic connection to the chip. Sample is introduced by syringe injection into a septum-sealed port on the device exterior that connects to a sample loop etched onto the chip. Detection of low nanomolar concentrations of fluorescamine-labeled proteins is achieved using a miniaturized laser-induced fluorescence detection module employing two diode lasers, one per separation channel. Independently controlled miniature high-voltage power supplies enable fully programmable electrokinetic sample injection and analysis. As a demonstration of the portability of this instrument, we evaluated its performance in a laboratory field test at the Defence Science and Technology Laboratory with a series of biotoxin variants. The two separation methods cleanly distinguish between members of a biotoxin test set. Analysis of naturally occurring variants of ricin and two closely related staphylococcal enterotoxins indicates the two methods can be used to readily identify ricin in its different forms and can discriminate between two enterotoxin isoforms.
Rapidly-tunable narrowband light source with symmetricalcrossing configuration for low coherence reflectometry (1995)

A rapidly-tunable narrowband light source is constructed for jaggedness-free low coherence reflectometry. A double-path tunable bandpass filter module whose two passbands automatically agree during wavelength tuning is used in the source. The source can emit narrowband low coherence light with an FWHM of 0.57 nm, a power of &gt; 0 dBm, and a suppressed background spectrum, at wavelengths from 1534 to 1560 nm. The entire wavelength range can be swept within 10 ms. The rapid tunability leads to both a reduction in the time required to perform the wavelength averaging of Rayleigh backscatter signals, and an enlargement of fine structures in the mean reflection profiles.
<i>Arabidopsis</i> VASCULAR-RELATED NAC-DOMAIN6 Directly Regulates the Genes That Govern Programmed Cell Death and Secondary Wall Formation during Xylem Differentiation  (2010)

Xylem consists of three types of cells: tracheary elements (TEs), parenchyma cells, and fiber cells. TE differentiation includes two essential processes, programmed cell death (PCD) and secondary cell wall formation. These two processes are tightly coupled. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes. Here, we show that VASCULAR-RELATED NAC-DOMAIN6 (VND6), a master regulator of TEs, regulates some of the downstream genes involved in these processes in a coordinated manner. We first identified genes that are expressed downstream of VND6 but not downstream of SECONDARY WALL-ASSOCIATED NAC DOMAIN PROTEIN1 (SND1), a master regulator of xylem fiber cells, using transformed suspension culture cells in microarray experiments. We found that VND6 and SND1 governed distinct aspects of xylem formation, whereas they regulated a number of genes in common, specifically those related to secondary cell wall formation. Genes involved in TE-specific PCD were upregulated only by VND6. Moreover, we revealed that VND6 directly regulated genes that harbor a TE-specific cis-element, TERE, in their promoters. Thus, we found that VND6 is a direct regulator of genes related to PCD as well as to secondary wall formation.
Novel Triazolopyrimidine‐Derived Cannabinoid Receptor 2 Agonists as Potential Treatment for Inflammatory Kidney Diseases (2015)

The cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) system is described to modulate various pathological conditions, including inflammation and fibrosis. A series of new heterocyclic small-molecule CB2 receptor agonists were identified from a high-throughput screen. Lead optimization gave access to novel, highly potent, and selective (over CB1) triazolopyrimidine derivatives. A preliminary structure-activity relationship was established, and physicochemical properties in this compound class were significantly improved toward better solubility, lipophilicity, and microsomal stability. An optimized triazolopyrimidine derivative, (3S)-1-[5-tert-butyl-3-[(1-cyclopropyltetrazol-5-yl)methyl]triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidin-7-yl]pyrrolidin-3-ol (39), was tested in a kidney ischemia-reperfusion model, in which it showed efficacy at a dose of 10 mg kg(-1) (p.o.). A significant depletion of the three measured kidney markers indicated a protective role of CB2 receptor activation toward inflammatory kidney damage. Compound 39 was also protective in a model of renal fibrosis. Oral treatment with 39 at 3 mg kg(-1) per day significantly decreased the amount of fibrosis by ∼ 40% which was induced by unilateral ureter obstruction.
Identification and characterization of a complete carnitine biosynthesis pathway in <i>Candida albicans</i> (2009)

Carnitine is an essential metabolite that enables intracellular transport of fatty acids and acetyl units. Here we show that the yeast Candida albicans can synthesize carnitine de novo, and we identify the 4 genes of the pathway. Null mutants of orf19.4316 (trimethyllysine dioxygenase), orf19.6306 (trimethylaminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase), and orf19.7131 (butyrobetaine dioxygenase) lacked their respective enzymatic activities and were unable to utilize fatty acids, acetate, or ethanol as a sole carbon source, in accordance with the strict requirement for carnitine-mediated transport under these growth conditions. The second enzyme of carnitine biosynthesis, hydroxytrimethyllysine aldolase, is encoded by orf19.6305, a member of the threonine aldolase (TA) family in C. albicans. A strain lacking orf19.6305 showed strongly reduced growth on fatty acids and was unable to utilize either acetate or ethanol, but TA activity was unaffected. Growth of the null mutants on nonfermentable carbon sources is restored only by carnitine biosynthesis intermediates after the predicted enzymatic block in the pathway, which provides independent evidence for a specific defect in carnitine biosynthesis for each of the mutants. In conclusion, we have genetically characterized a complete carnitine biosynthesis pathway in C. albicans and show that a TA family member is mainly involved in the aldolytic cleavage of hydroxytrimethyllysine in vivo.
Image Tampering Identification using Blind Deconvolution (2006)

Digital images have been used in growing number of applications from law enforcement and surveillance, to medical diagnosis and consumer photography. With such widespread popularity and the presence of low-cost image editing softwares, the integrity of image content can no longer be taken for granted. In this paper, we propose a novel technique based on blind deconvolution to verify image authenticity. We consider the direct output images of a camera as authentic, and introduce algorithms to detect further processing such as tampering applied to the image. Our proposed method is based on the observation that many tampering operations can be approximated as a combination of linear and non-linear components. We model the linear part of the tampering process as a filter, and obtain its coefficients using blind deconvolution. These estimated coefficients are then used to identify possible manipulations. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed image authentication technique and compare our results with existing works.
Synthesis of 2′-deoxy-2′-spirocyclopropyl cytidine as potential inhibitor of ribonucleotide diphosphate reductase (1993)

Based on the mechanism of action of ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase (RDPR), a new class of nucleosides that may act as inhibitors of this enzyme was designed. Starting from uridine, a 2′-deoxy-2′-spirocyclopropyl derivative of cytosine was prepared. The key step of the synthesis is the condensation of diazomethane with a suitably protected 2′-methylene nucleoside. Light-induced nitrogen extrusion affords the cyclopropane ring.
Purification, cDNA cloning and modification of a defensin from the coconut rhinoceros beetle, <i>Oryctes rhinoceros</i> (1999)

A novel member of the insect defensins, a family of antibacterial peptides, was purified from larvae of the coconut rhinoceros beetle, Oryctes rhinoceros, immunized with Escherichia coli. A full-size cDNA was cloned by combining reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR), and 5'- and 3'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). Analysis of the O. rhinoceros defensin gene expression showed it to be expressed in the fat body and hemocyte, midgut and Malpighian tubules. O. rhinoceros defensin showed strong antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. A 9-mer peptide amidated at its C-terminus, AHCLAICRK-NH2 (Ala22-Lys30-NH2), was synthesized based on the deduced amino-acid sequence, assumed to be an active site sequence by analogy with the sequence of a defensin isolated from larvae of the beetle Allomyrina dichotoma. This peptide showed antibacterial activity against S. aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We further modified this oligopeptide and synthesized five 9-mer peptides, ALRLAIRKR-NH2, ALLLAIRKR-NH2, AWLLAIRKR-NH2, ALYLAIRKR-NH2 and ALWLAIRKR-NH2. These oligopeptides showed strong antibacterial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The antibacterial effect of Ala22-Lys30-NH2 analogues was due to its interaction with bacterial membranes, judging from the leakage of liposome-entrapped glucose. These Ala22-Lys30-NH2 analogues did not show haemolytic activity and did not inhibit the growth of murine fibroblast cells or macrophages, except for AWLLAIRKR-NH2.
Realtime Computer Vision with OpenCV (2012)

Computer vision is a rapidly growing field devoted to analyzing, modifying, and high-level understanding of images. Its objective is to determine what is happening in front of a camera and use that understanding to control a computer or robotic system, or to provide people with new images that are more informative or aesthetically pleasing than the original camera images. Application areas for computer-vision technology include video surveillance, biometrics, automotive, photography, movie production, Web search, medicine, augmented reality gaming, new user interfaces, and many more.
How to achieve balloon stability in aortic valvuloplasty using rapid ventricular pacing. (2004)

Balloon aortic valvuloplasty is now the treatment of choice for congenital aortic stenosis. Balloon stability may be difficult to achieve and this may result in a suboptimal result or even valve damage. We describe the technique of rapid ventricular pacing as a safe and effective option for achieving balloon stability during aortic valvuloplasty.
Bovine rhodopsin with 11-cis-locked retinal chromophore neither activates rhodopsin kinase nor undergoes conformational change upon irradiation (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBovine rhodopsin with 11-cis-locked retinal chromophore neither activates rhodopsin kinase nor undergoes conformational change upon irradiationTodd Zankel, Hyun Ok, Randy Johnson, Chia Wun Chang, Noriko Sekiya, Hideo Naoki, Kazuo Yoshihara, and Koji NakanishiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 13, 5387–5388Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00169a077https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00169a077research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views75Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Repression of the Interleukin-6 Promoter by Estrogen Receptor Is Mediated by NF-κB and C/EBPβ (1995)

Bone metabolism is regulated by a balance between bone resorption caused by osteoclasts and bone formation caused by osteoblasts. This balance is disturbed in postmenopausal women as a result of lower serum estrogen levels. Estrogen, which is used in hormone replacement therapy to prevent postmenopausal osteoporosis, downregulates expression of the interleukin 6 (IL-6) gene in osteoblasts and bone marrow stromal cells. IL-6 is directly involved in bone resorption by activating immature osteoclasts. We show here that NF-kappa B and C/EBP beta are important regulators of IL-6 gene expression in human osteoblasts. Importantly, the IL-6 promoter is inhibited by estrogen in the absence of a functional estrogen receptor (ER) binding site. This inhibition is mediated by the transcription factors NF-kappa B and C/EBP beta. Evidence is presented for a direct interaction between these two factors and ER. We characterized the protein sequence requirements for this association in vitro and in vivo. The physical and functional interaction depends in part on the DNA binding domain and region D of ER and on the Rel homology domain of NF-kappa B and the bZIP region of C/EBP beta. The cross-coupling between ER, NF-kappa B, and C/EBP beta also results in reduced activity of promoters with ER binding sites. We further show that the mechanism of IL-6 gene repression by estrogen is clearly different from that of activation of promoters with ER binding sites. Therefore, drugs that separate the transactivation and transrepression functions of ER will be very helpful for treatment of osteoporosis without causing undesirable side effects.
Resampling for Spatial Scalability (2006)

Resampling is a fundamental issue in the design of a spatially scalable video codec. The resampling procedure is responsible for down-sampling the high-resolution video sequence to generate lower resolution data, as well as upsampling the transmitted lower resolution data to predict the original high-resolution frames. In both cases, the resampling operation must make trade-offs between coding efficiency, image quality and computational complexity. In this paper, we consider the resampling design problem within an optimization framework.
Oxidative stress biomarkers in sporadic ALS (2008)

We aimed to investigate oxidative stress biomarkers in a cross-sectional pilot study of 50 participants with sporadic ALS (SALS) compared to 46 control subjects. We measured urinary 8-oxodeoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), urinary 15-F(2t)-isoprostane (IsoP), and plasma protein carbonyl by ELISA methods. We also determined if ELISA measurement of 8-oxodG could be validated against measures from high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with electrochemical detection, the current standard method. We found that 8-oxodG and IsoP levels adjusted for creatinine were significantly elevated in SALS participants. These differences persisted after age and gender were controlled in regression analyses. These markers are highly and positively correlated with each other. 8-oxodG measured by the two techniques from the same urine sample were positively correlated (p<.0001). Protein carbonyl was not different between SALS participants and controls. In conclusion, using ELISA, we confirmed that certain oxidative stress biomarkers were elevated in SALS participants. ELISA may be reliable and thus useful in epidemiology studies requiring large numbers of samples to determine the significance of increased oxidative stress markers in SALS. Further studies are required.
Relationship among amiodarone, new class III antiarrhythmics, miscellaneous agents and acquired long QT syndrome. (2008)

Class III drugs prolong the QT interval by blocking mainly the delayed rectifier rapid potassium outward current (IKr), with little effect on depolarization. This K(+) channel in encoded by the human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG). Inhibition of hERG potassium currents by class III antiarrhythmic drugs causes lengthening of cardiac action potential, which produces a beneficial antiarrhythmic effect. Excessive prolongation of the action potential may lead to acquired long QT syndrome, which is associated with a risk of "torsade de pointes". Class III agents can block all types of potassium channels: IKs, IKr, IKur and IK1. The main representing class III agent is amiodarone. It is the gold standard in the prevention of recurrence of atrial fibrillation. Although it is highly effective in treating many arrhythmias, large number of adverse effects limits its clinical use. Dronedarone is a synthetic amiodarone analogue, iodine-free compound, with fewer adverse effects, and shares amiodarone's multichannel blocking effects, inhibiting transmembrane Na+, IKs, IKur, IK1, and slow Ca(++)L-type calcium currents. The main new generation class III drugs are: dofetilide, dronedarone, azimilide, and ibutilide. Oral dofetilide did not increase mortality in patients with a recent myocardial infarction or congestive heart failure. It is an alternative for the pharmacological conversion of atrial fibrillation and flutter. Azimilide blocks both rapid and slow potassium channels components. Azimilide is not a methanesulfonanilide compound. Trecitilide, tedisamil, ersentilide, ambasilide, chromanol and sematilide are class III miscellaneous agents. Old mixed agents are sotalol and bretylium. The present article reviews the main trials accomplished with these drugs.
Mapvision - The Photogrammetric Machine Vision System For Engineering Applications (1987)

Mapvision is a photogrammetric machine vision system developed by the Technical Research Centre of Finland primarily for industrial inspection and assembly control applications. The system consists of four simultaneously operating solid state cameras and an especially programmed photogrammetric microprocessor. The three-dimensional measuring accuracy is better than 1:5,000. The Mapvision is an automated system enabling for example the dimensional feed-back and interaction between computer aided design and manufacturing phases.
Retinoid therapy of pigmentary disorders (2006)

Topical retinoids such as all-trans-retinoic acid (RA), 13-cis-retinoic acid (isotretinoin), retinol, retinaldehyde, tazarotene, and adapalene have been shown to improve dyspigmentation of photodamaged skin including mottling and actinic lentigines. RA monotherapy has also been demonstrated to improve melasma and postinflammatory hypermelanosis. Furthermore, RA in combination with hydroquinone or 4-hydroxyanisole, or azelaic acid increases the potency of depigmenting agents for the treatment of melasma, actinic lentigines, and postinflammatory hypermelanosis. The basic mechanisms underlying these effects are not completely identified. Topical retinoids stimulate the cell turn-over of epidermal keratinocytes and promote a decrease in melanosome transfer and a rapid loss of melanins via epidermopoiesis. Topical retinoids are also involved in the control of cell differentiation. Retinoid-induced changes in the stratum corneum and the permeability barrier may also facilitate the penetration of depigmenting agents in the epidermis and increase their bioavailability, leading to increased depigmentation. In addition, several in vitro studies demonstrate that cis and trans-retinoic acid inhibit UV-B stimulated melanogenesis in term of tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis. It is likely that topical retinoids modulate epidermal melanin count via a direct action on melanocytes and epidermal keratinocytes.
P449The Euro Heart Index 2016 (2017)

Best Posters in public health and health policy 63 disease due to HIV increased from 0.21% (95% CI 0.13-0.31%) to 0.53% (95% CI 0.33-0.78%)and DALYs increased from 0.43 (95% CI 0.27-0.64) to 1.49 (95% CI 0.93-2.17)million.There was marked regional variation with most DALYs lost in sub-Saharan Africa (0.49 million, 95% CI 0.25-0.93)and the Asia-Pacific (0.23 million, 95% CI 0.14-0.34)regions.The highest population attributable fraction was observed in sub-Saharan Africa, with HIV accounting for more than 10% of the cardiovascular burden in Swaziland, Botswana, Lesotho and South Africa Conclusions: We make a number of important and novel observations.First, the crude rate for incident cardiovascular disease was 60 per 10,000 and is comparable to other high-risk cardiovascular groups, such as diabetes mellitus.Second, the risk of incident cardiovascular disease was nearly 2-fold higher in people living with HIV.Third, the number of disability-adjusted life years due to HIV associated cardiovascular disease has increased 3-fold over the last two decades.Finally, there were major regional variations in both the attributable fraction and the rates of cardiovascular disease due to HIV, with the majority of the burden seen in sub-Saharan Africa followed by Asia and the Pacific.People living with HIV are twice as likely to develop cardiovascular disease.The global burden of HIV associated cardiovascular disease has tripled over the last two decades and is now responsible for 1.5 million DALYs per annum with the greatest impact in sub-Saharan Africa and the Asia-Pacific regions.
Enumeration of the Simian Virus 40 Early Region Elements Necessary for Human Cell Transformation (2002)

While it is clear that cancer arises from the accumulation of genetic mutations that endow the malignant cell with the properties of uncontrolled growth and proliferation, the precise combinations of mutations that program human tumor cell growth remain unknown. The study of the transforming proteins derived from DNA tumor viruses in experimental models of transformation has provided fundamental insights into the process of cell transformation. We recently reported that coexpression of the simian virus 40 (SV40) early region (ER), the gene encoding the telomerase catalytic subunit (hTERT), and an oncogenic allele of the H-ras gene in normal human fibroblast, kidney epithelial, and mammary epithelial cells converted these cells to a tumorigenic state. Here we show that the SV40 ER contributes to tumorigenic transformation in the presence of hTERT and oncogenic H-ras by perturbing three intracellular pathways through the actions of the SV40 large T antigen (LT) and the SV40 small t antigen (ST). LT simultaneously disables the retinoblastoma (pRB) and p53 tumor suppressor pathways; however, complete transformation of human cells requires the additional perturbation of protein phosphatase 2A by ST. Expression of ST in this setting stimulates cell proliferation, permits anchorage-independent growth, and confers increased resistance to nutrient deprivation. Taken together, these observations define the elements of the SV40 ER required for the transformation of human cells and begin to delineate a set of intracellular pathways whose disruption, in aggregate, appears to be necessary to generate tumorigenic human cells.