gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Protected lactam-bridged dipeptides for use as conformational constraints in peptides (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProtected lactam-bridged dipeptides for use as conformational constraints in peptidesRoger M. Freidinger, Debra Schwenk Perlow, and Daniel F. VeberCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 1, 104–109Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00340a023https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00340a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views954Altmetric-Citations210LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Chemically enhanced focused ion beam micromachining of copper (2001)

Chemically enhanced focused ion beam micromachining of thin film Cu on Si substrates has been investigated. Barrier layers and dielectric layers were considered as well. The gases investigated include the Cl containing examples of C2Cl4, C2H4Cl2, and CHCl2CCl3 as well as the oxygen containing gases ethanol, and methanol and water vapor. Crystallographic channeling effect results in nonuniform Cu milling, insufficient selectivity and poor end-point detection. However, the gases investigated were shown to enhance the milling homogeneity, improve the end-point detection, and provide higher selectivity. A Cu/SiO2 selectivity of greater than 4 was obtained when using ethanol as the etching gas.
High activity of daily-schedule mitoxantrone in newly diagnosed low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: a 5-year follow-up. (1990)

Twenty-one consecutive previously untreated patients with low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were entered into a trial of mitoxantrone (5 mg/m2 daily for 3 days repeated every 3 weeks) between 1985 and 1986. After 8 to 11 cycles of treatment not exceeding a cumulative dose of 165 mg/m2, the patients were observed without further treatment. Seven patients had small lymphocytic lymphomas, 10 had follicular small cleaved cell lymphomas, and 4 had follicular mixed small- and large-cell lymphomas. As previously reported, both hematologic and nonhematologic toxicity was modest. Nine patients achieved complete remission (CR) and 12 partial remission (PR) (CR plus PR = 100%). In the subsequent 4- to 5-year observation phase, 1 patient withdrew from the study, 10 patients relapsed, and 10 remain in unmaintained remission (7 CR, 3 stable PR). Three relapsed patients have died of treatment-resistant disease. No long-term side effects have been observed. Follow-up studies of left ventricular ejection fraction using multiple-gated acquisition scintigraphy showed no significant decrease in cardiac function.
The Polypeptide Structure of Canine Coronavirus and its Relationship to Porcine Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus (1981)

Canine coronavirus (CCV) isolate 1-71 was grown in secondary dog kidney cells and purified by rate zonal centrifugation. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed four major structural polypeptides with apparent mol. wt. of 203800 (gp204), 49800 (p50), 31800 (gp32) and 21600 (gp22). Incorporation of 3H-glucosamine into gp204, gp32 and gp22 indicated that these were glycopolypeptides. Comparison of the structural polypeptides of CCV and porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) by co-electrophoresis demonstrated that TGEV polypeptides corresponded closely, but not identically, with gp204, p50 and gp32 of CCV and confirmed that gp22 was a major structural component only in the canine virus. The close similarities in structure of the two coronaviruses augments the relationship established by serology.
Clustered principal components for precomputed radiance transfer (2003)

We compress storage and accelerate performance of precomputed radiance transfer (PRT), which captures the way an object shadows, scatters, and reflects light. PRT records over many surface points a transfer matrix. At run-time, this matrix transforms a vector of spherical harmonic coefficients representing distant, low-frequency source lighting into exiting radiance. Per-point transfer matrices form a high-dimensional surface signal that we compress using clustered principal component analysis (CPCA), which partitions many samples into fewer clusters each approximating the signal as an affine subspace. CPCA thus reduces the high-dimensional transfer signal to a low-dimensional set of per-point weights on a per-cluster set of representative matrices. Rather than computing a weighted sum of representatives and applying this result to the lighting, we apply the representatives to the lighting per-cluster (on the CPU) and weight these results per-point (on the GPU). Since the output of the matrix is lower-dimensional than the matrix itself, this reduces computation. We also increase the accuracy of encoded radiance functions with a new least-squares optimal projection of spherical harmonics onto the hemisphere. We describe an implementation on graphics hardware that performs real-time rendering of glossy objects with dynamic self-shadowing and interreflection without fixing the view or light as in previous work. Our approach also allows significantly increased lighting frequency when rendering diffuse objects and includes subsurface scattering.
Degree of polarization in the Lyot depolarizer (1983)

Analytic output equations for the degree of polarization of light exiting a Lyot depolarizer are derived from a coherency matrix representation. Design criteria are obtained for sources of different spectral shape.
Genetic Analysis of an Inherited Predisposition to Colon Cancer in a Family with a Variable Number of Adenomatous Polyps (1990)

We studied a large kindred with a history of colorectal cancer of early onset. Proctosigmoidoscopic examination of 51 family members identified only 2 with familial polyposis coli, which strongly predisposes those who have it to colorectal cancer and which is defined as the presence of more than 100 polyps in the colon. However, eight family members had 2 to 40 colonic polyps. We suspected that in this family, colorectal cancer was the result of a mutation in the gene on chromosome 5 that is responsible for familial polyposis coli. To test our hypothesis, we obtained genotypic information on 81 family members with respect to seven polymorphic DNA markers previously shown to be linked to the locus for familial polyposis coli. Multilocus analysis of the data demonstrated genetic linkage (lod score, 5.58) between these markers and the locus responsible for the defined syndrome of colonic polyps or colorectal cancer in this kindred. These findings constitute evidence that the genetic defect in this family is a mutation in the gene that causes familial polyposis coli. We conclude that mutations at the genetic locus for familial polyposis coli may be the cause of other, more subtle syndromes involving an inherited susceptibility to colonic adenomatous polyps and colorectal cancer.
Potentiation of Cytotoxicity of Topoisomerase I Poison by Concurrent and Sequential Treatment with the Checkpoint Inhibitor UCN-01 Involves Disparate Mechanisms Resulting in Either p53-Independent Clonogenic Suppression or p53-Dependent Mitotic Catastrophe (2004)

UCN-01 is a potent inhibitor of the S- and G2-M-phase cell cycle checkpoints by targeting chk1 and possibly chk2 kinases. It has been shown in some, but not all, instances that UCN-01 potentiates the cytotoxicity of DNA-damaging agents selectively in p53-defective cells. We have investigated this concept in HCT116 colon cancer cells treated with the topoisomerase I poison SN-38. SN-38 alone induced a senescence-like sustained G2 arrest without apoptosis. Sequential treatment with SN-38 followed by UCN-01 resulted in enhancement of cytotoxicity by apoptosis assay, whereas the reverse sequence or concurrent treatment did not potentiate apoptosis. Real-time visualization of HCT116 cells labeled with green fluorescent protein-histone 2B or green fluorescent protein-alpha-tubulin revealed that sequential treatment resulted in G2 checkpoint abrogation, and cells entered an aberrant mitosis despite normal assembly of bipolar spindles, resulting in either apoptosis or formation of micronucleated cells. Although p53-null cells were clearly more sensitive than parental HCT116 to undergoing checkpoint abrogation and mitotic death after sequential treatment, this was not accompanied by an increased inhibition of clonogenicity over that induced by SN-38 alone. Conversely, concurrent treatment with SN-38 and UCN-01 resulted in S-phase checkpoint override, an amplified DNA damage response including increased phosphorylation of the DNA double-strand breakage marker H2AX and augmentation of clonogenic inhibition, which was independent of p53. Thus, reported discrepancies in the pharmacology of UCN-01 and the influence of p53 status on treatment outcome appears to stem, in part, from the different schedules used, the specific checkpoints examined, and the assays used to assess cytotoxicity. Moreover, checkpoint abrogation and subsequent apoptosis induced by UCN-01 do not necessarily correlate with reproductive cell death.
Selective nanoscale growth of titanium on the Si(001) surface using an atomic hydrogen resist (1999)

Nanoscale titanium structures are fabricated on a patterned Si(001)-(2×1) surface using an atomic hydrogen resist. The patterning is achieved by removing small areas of hydrogen with a scanning tunneling microscope. The large chemical reactivity of the bare Si surface compared to the hydrogen passivated surface provides selective area growth of titanium clusters grown by chemical vapor deposition using TiCl4. Titanium growth by chemical vapor deposition is normally limited by chlorine passivation of the bare Si surface. However, by removing the chlorine with the scanning tunneling microscope, the growth can be resumed.
Therapeutic angiogenesis in cardiology using protein formulations (2001)

Therapeutic angiogenesis in cardiovascular disease aims at improving myocardial function by increasing blood flow to ischemic myocardium that is not amenable to traditional forms of revascularization. Preclinical data have provided proof of the concept that angiogenic growth factors such as fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) and vascular endothelium growth factor (VEGF) may indeed improve myocardial flow and function when administered in ways that ensure prolonged tissue exposure to these short-lived molecules. Although other cytokines have been shown to enhance angiogenesis in vivo, FGF-2 and VEGF have been most widely studied and may serve as prototype proangiogenic drugs. Currently, several delivery techniques that are clinically applicable are being studied with respect to tissue distribution and retention as well as angiogenic efficacy of FGF-2 and VEGF. Although tissue distribution and retention of FGF-2 after intramyocardial injection compares favorably with other routes of administration, efficacy studies are not yet conclusive. At the same time, different protein- and gene-based formulations are being investigated. Arguments for and against protein and gene therapy are presented, showing that protein-based therapy seems to have advantages over gene therapy at the present time, although continuous efforts should be made to increase the tissue exposure time after a single administration of protein. While delivery systems and growth factor formulations are being improved, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials designed with existing animal data in mind, are needed to firmly establish the utility of therapeutic angiogenesis in cardiovascular disease.
Derivatization of cross-linked polyacrylamide beads. Controlled introduction of functional groups for the preparation of special-purpose, biochemical adsorbents (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDerivatization of cross-linked polyacrylamide beads. Controlled introduction of functional groups for the preparation of special-purpose, biochemical adsorbentsJohn K. Inman and Howard M. DintzisCite this: Biochemistry 1969, 8, 10, 4074–4082Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00838a026https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00838a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1214Altmetric-Citations406LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cold Tolerance in Oilseed Rape over Varying Acclimation Durations (2003)

Winter rapeseed ( Brassica napus L.) promises to be an important crop in the southern Great Plains. To increase the crop's consistency in the region, cultivars with improved winter hardiness and management recommendations that utilize all of a genotype's winter hardiness need to be developed. Better understanding of the variability in cold tolerance over the winter season need to be determined to help achieve these goals. The objectives of this study were to evaluate variability in cold tolerance over prolonged acclimation durations in oilseed rape by means of laboratory freezing tolerance procedures, and determine changes in freezing tolerance brought about by high temperature treatments. A warming period to simulate possible deacclimation events was included both before and after vernalization saturation had taken place. Maximum cold tolerance was achieved by 3 d of acclimation in the spring cultivar and between 6 and 9 d in the winter cultivars. A 7‐d warming period reduced cold tolerance in all lines tested, but it did not reduce cold tolerance to the level of unacclimated plants. All tested lines were able to recover cold tolerance to the same level as before the deacclimation treatment after reexposure to 5°C conditions for 7 d. Cold tolerance did tend to decrease with prolonged acclimation durations. This information can help in the planning of strategies to develop rapeseed lines better adapted to the winter conditions of the southern Great Plains.
Aerosol granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor: a low toxicity, lung-specific biological therapy in patients with lung metastases. (1999)

The objective was to study the feasibility of granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) delivery to the lung using an aerosol in humans. A Phase I dose escalation study provided GM-CSF at three dose levels as a twice-a-day (BID) x 7 days schedule. Pulmonary functions were monitored using a remote spirometry device. Blood counts were checked at the beginning and end of each week of GM-CSF nebulization. If no toxicity was encountered, patients rested for 7 days and then were treated at the next dose level. Six of seven patients were successfully dose escalated from 60 microg/dose BID x 7 days, to 120 microg/dose BID x 7 days, then 240 microg/dose BID x 7 days. No toxicity was seen. Comparison of day 0 and day 7 blood leukocyte counts showed no significant increases in either leukocyte numbers or percentage of neutrophils. Pulmonary functions test changes were minor. No significant change in forced vital capacity, FEV1, peak flow, or FEF 25-75 related to either time or dose level was observed. One patient's lung metastases progressed. The other five patients received an additional 2-6 months of intermittent aerosol GM-CSF at dose level 3 without side effects. One patient with Ewing's sarcoma has a complete response, and a patient with melanoma had a partial response; the other three had stabilization of pulmonary metastases for 2-6 months. Aerosol delivery of GM-CSF is feasible, safe, and possibly effective. Aerosol cytokine delivery may achieve effective immunological activation against cancer in the lung and is worthy of further study.
BLIND SEPARATION OF SINGLE CHANNEL MIXTURE USING ICA BASIS FUNCTIONS (2001)

A new technique has been developed to enable blind source separation given only a single channel recording. The proposed method infers source signals and their contribution factors at each time point by a number of adaptation steps maximizing log-likelihood of the estimated source parameters given the observed single channel data and sets of basis functions. This infer- encing is possible due to the prior information on the inherent time structure of the sound sources by learning a priori sets of time-domain basis functions and the associated coefficient densities that encode the sources in a statistically efficient manner. A flexible model for density estimation allows accurate modeling of the observation and our experimental results show closeto -perfect separation on simulated mixtures as well as recordings in a real environment employing mixtures of two different sources.
Extraordinary magnetoresistance in externally shunted van der Pauw plates (2001)

We show that extraordinary magnetoresistance (EMR) exhibited by a composite van der Pauw (vdP) disk consisting of a semiconductor with an internal shunt can also be obtained from an electrically equivalent, externally shunted structure that is amenable to fabrication in the mesoscopic sizes required for important magnetic sensor applications. As an example, we use bilinear conformal mapping to transform the composite vdP disk into an externally shunted rectangular plate and calculate its EMR by solving Laplace’s equation with appropriate boundary conditions using no adjustable parameters. The calculations are in good agreement with measurements of InSb plates with Au shunts. Room-temperature EMR values as high as 550% at 0.05 T are obtained.
Structure-Guided Expansion of the Substrate Range of Methylmalonyl Coenzyme A Synthetase (MatB) of Rhodopseudomonas palustris (2012)

Malonyl coenzyme A (malonyl-CoA) and methylmalonyl-CoA are two of the most commonly used extender units for polyketide biosynthesis and are utilized to synthesize a vast array of pharmaceutically relevant products with antibacterial, antiparasitic, anticholesterol, anticancer, antifungal, and immunosuppressive properties. Heterologous hosts used for polyketide production such as Escherichia coli often do not produce significant amounts of methylmalonyl-CoA, however, requiring the introduction of other pathways for the generation of this important building block. Recently, the bacterial malonyl-CoA synthetase class of enzymes has been utilized to generate malonyl-CoA and methylmalonyl-CoA directly from malonate and methylmalonate. We demonstrate that in the purple photosynthetic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris, MatB (RpMatB) acts as a methylmalonyl-CoA synthetase and is required for growth on methylmalonate. We report the apo (1.7-Å resolution) and ATP-bound (2.0-Å resolution) structure and kinetic analysis of RpMatB, which shows similar activities for both malonate and methylmalonate, making it an ideal enzyme for heterologous polyketide biosynthesis. Additionally, rational, structure-based mutagenesis of the active site of RpMatB led to substantially higher activity with ethylmalonate and butylmalonate, demonstrating that this enzyme is a prime target for expanded substrate specificity.
Isolation and Structure of Two Prostaglandin Endoperoxides That Cause Platelet Aggregation (1974)

Incubation for a short time of arachidonic acid with the microsomal fraction of a homogenate of the vesicular gland of sheep in the presence of 1 mM p-mercuribenzoate followed by extraction and silicic acid chromatography yielded two prostaglandin endoperoxides. The structures of these compounds, i.e., 15-hydroperoxy-9alpha,11alpha-peroxidoprosta-5,13-dienoic acid (prostaglandin G(2)) and 15-hydroxy-9alpha,11alpha-peroxidoprosta-5,13-dienoic acid (prostaglandin H(2)), were assigned mainly by a number of chemical transformations into previously known prostaglandins. The new prostaglandins were 50-200 times (prostaglandin G(2)) and 100-450 times (prostaglandin H(2)) more active than prostaglandin E(2) on the superfused aorta strip. The half-life of the prostaglandin endoperoxides in aqueous medium (about 5 min) was significantly longer than that of "rabbit aorta-contracting substance" released from guinea pig lung, indicating that none of the prostaglandin endoperoxides is identical with this factor. Addition of 10-300 ng/ml of the endoperoxides to suspensions of washed human platelets resulted in rapid aggregation. Furthermore, platelet aggregation induced by thrombin was accompanied by release of material reducible by stannous chloride into prostaglandin F(2alpha), thus indicating the involvement of endogenous prostaglandin endoperoxides in platelet aggregation.
F(ab) secondary antibodies: a general method for double immunolabeling with primary antisera from the same species. Efficiency control by chemiluminescence. (1994)

We propose a general solution to the problem of using antibodies originating in the same species for double immunohistochemical labeling. It relies on the use of a two-step protocol in which a secondary polyclonal monovalent F(ab) antibody present in the first step blocks access in the second of the secondary antibody to the primary antibody, which is continuously present from the first step. The monovalence of the F(ab) fragment eliminates the possibility of its linking the primary antibody from the second step. We designed two efficiency tests to explore the limits of the method by the very sensitive chemiluminescent system applied to sections of human pituitary tissue. They confirmed both the validity of the method and the necessity of adapting working conditions to obtain a complete lack of interference.