gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Maternal Microbe-Specific Modulation of Inflammatory Response in Extremely Low-Gestational-Age Newborns (2011)

The fetal response to intrauterine inflammatory stimuli appears to contribute to the onset of preterm labor as well as fetal injury, especially affecting newborns of extremely low gestational age. To investigate the role of placental colonization by specific groups of microorganisms in the development of inflammatory responses present at birth, we analyzed 25 protein biomarkers in dry blood spots obtained from 527 newborns delivered by Caesarean section in the 23rd to 27th gestation weeks. Bacteria were detected in placentas and characterized by culture techniques. Odds ratios for having protein concentrations in the top quartile for gestation age for individual and groups of microorganisms were calculated. Mixed bacterial vaginosis (BV) organisms were associated with a proinflammatory pattern similar to those of infectious facultative anaerobes. Prevotella and Gardnerella species, anaerobic streptococci, peptostreptococci, and genital mycoplasmas each appeared to be associated with a different pattern of elevated blood levels of inflammation-related proteins. Lactobacillus was associated with low odds of an inflammatory response. This study provides evidence that microorganisms colonizing the placenta provoke distinctive newborn inflammatory responses and that Lactobacillus may suppress these responses.
Preliminary Results in Decentralized Estimation for Single-Beacon Acoustic Underwater Navigation (2010)

We report a decentralized, vehicle-based extended information filter designed to enable single-beacon acoustic navigation of multiple underwater vehicles. In single-beacon navigation, ranges from a single reference beacon to a moving underwater vehicle are used in addition to the vehicle's inertial navigation sensors to perform absolute (as opposed to relative) localization and navigation. For this implementation we assume a moving reference beacon from which range measurements are calculated using asynchronous acoustic data broadcasts that also contain information about the reference beacon's position and recent sensor measurements. We assume that other than these acoustic data transmissions the vehicle has no knowledge of the beacon's position or sensor measurements. This implementation allows the simultaneous navigation of multiple vehicles within acoustic range of the reference beacon. Within this framework we show that the decentralized information filter yields identical results to a centralized extended Kalman filter at the instant of each range measurement; in addition we show that between range measurements the results from the two filters differ only by linearization errors. We compare the state estimation results of the decentralized information filter to that of a centralized extended Kalman filter using a simulated data set.
Carbon Isotope Dicrimination: Potential in Screening Cool‐Season Grasses for Water‐Limited Environments (1990)

Carbon isotope discrimination (∆) has been shown to be negatively related to water use efficiency (WUE) in several C 3 crop species and has been proposed as a criterion to select for improved WUE in plant breeding programs. This study was conducted to determine if ∆ is related to WUE in crested wheatgrass [ Agropyron desertorum (Fischer ex Link) Schultes] and AItai wildrye [ Leymus angustus (Trin.) Pilger] and to evaluate the influence of drought on the magnitude of genetic variability and broad‐sense heritability of ∆ among clones of crested wheatgrass. In a greenhouse pot experiment, ∆ was negatively related to WUE in crested wheatgrass ( r = −0.73**, significant at P &lt; 0.01) and Altai wildrye ( r −0.81**). In field studies, a line‐source sprinkler system operated in conjunction with an automated rainout shelter imposed a continuously variable water application on 29 vegetatively propagated clones of crested wheatgrass. Three water levels along the water application gradient were selected for sampling and forage dry weights and ∆ values were determined for two harvests in 1986 and one harvest in 1987. In the field experiment, ∆ declined as less water was applied and was positively associated with forage yield at each of the three harvests ( r = 0.59**, 0.44**, and 0.80**, respectively). Significant variability for ∆ was detected among the clones for the two peak‐season harvests, hut not for the late‐season harvest in 1986. Broad‐sense heritability for ∆ was 0.49 in the analysis of data combined over harvests and water levels. Genetic variances and broad‐sense heritabilities ( H ) for ∆ were generally greater at the high ( H = 0.52) and intermediate ( H = 0.52) water applications than at the low water application ( H = 0.37), and coefficients of variation for ∆ were typically less than 4.5%. Selection for ∆ appears to be a promising screening tool for the development of crested wheatgrass populations that are productive and make efficient use of limited water resources.
Effect of high-temperature, short-time (HTST) pasteurization on milk containing low numbers of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis (1998)

The efficacy of high-temperature, short-time (HTST) pasteurization (72 degrees C/15 s) when low numbers (< or = 10(3) cfu ml-1) of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis are present in milk was investigated. Raw cows' milk spiked with Myco. paratuberculosis (10(3) cfu ml-1, 10(2) cfu ml-1, 10 cfu ml-1, and 10 cfu 50 ml-1) was subjected to HTST pasteurization using laboratory pasteurizing units. Ten bovine strains of Myco. paratuberculosis were tested in triplicate. Culture in BACTEC Middlebrook 12B radiometric medium detected acid-fast survivors in 14.8% and 10% of HTST-pasteurized milk samples at the 10(3) and 10(2) cfu ml-1 inoculum levels, respectively, whereas conventional culture on Herrold's egg yolk medium containing mycobactin J detected acid-fast survivors in only 3.7% and 6.7% of the same milk samples. IS900-based PCR confirmed that these acid-fast survivors were Myco. paratuberculosis. No viable Myco. paratuberculosis were isolated from HTST-pasteurized milk initially containing either 10 cfu ml-1 or 10 cfu 50 ml-1.
Characterization of stably transfected kidney epithelial cell line expressing rat H+/peptide cotransporter PEPT1: localization of PEPT1 and transport of beta-lactam antibiotics. (1997)

We established stably transfected LLC-PK1 cells expressing the rat H+/peptide cotransporter PEPT1 (designated LLC-rPEPT1) and examined membrane localization and uptake by rat PEPT1 of oral beta-lactam antibiotics. The LLC-rPEPT1 cells expressed a novel PEPT1 protein with an apparent molecular mass of 75 kdaltons, which was found in rat intestinal membranes. The cell surface biotinylation of LLC-rPEPT1 cell monolayers grown on membrane filters showed that PEPT1 was localized predominantly on the apical membranes and, to a lesser extent, on the basolateral membranes. The amount of [14C]glycylsarcosine uptake in LLC-rPEPT1 cell monolayers was 3-fold greater from the apical, than from the basolateral side, which suggested that rat PEPT1 expressed on both membranes was functionally active. LLC-rPEPT1 cells grown on plastic dishes transported differently charged oral cephalosporins such as ceftibuten (divalent anion lacking an alpha-amino group) and cephradine (zwitterion with an alpha-amino group) in the presence of an inward H+ gradient, whereas those transfected with the vector alone did not have transport activity. Kinetic analysis revealed that the LLC-rPEPT1 cells had much higher affinity for ceftibuten than for cephradine. Di- and tripeptides and bestatin, a dipeptide-like antineoplastic drug, potently inhibited the uptake of these cephalosporins. These results suggest that the LLC-rPEPT1 cells serve as a useful model with which to analyze the mechanisms involved in membrane targeting and substrate recognition by rat PEPT1.
Retention: I.C.E. Works, if You Can Get It (2005)

Want loyal clients? Just add Integrity, Communication and Effectiveness to the way you do business, suggests.
Classical and Object Oriented Software Engineering (1999)

From the Publisher:
Classical and Object-Oriented Software Engineering is designed for an introductory software engineering course. This book provides an excellent introduction to software engineering fundamentals,covering both traditional and object-oriented techniques. 
Schach's unique organization and style makes it excellent for use in a classroom setting. It presents the underlying software engineering theory in Part I and follows it up with the more practical life-cycle material in Part II. Many software engineering books are more like reference books,which do not provide the appropriate fundamentals before inundating students with implementation details. 
In this edition,more practical material has been added to help students understand how to use what they are learning. This has been done through the use of How To boxes and greater implementation detail in the case study. Additionally,the new edition contains the references to the most current literature and includes an overview of extreme programmming. 
The website in this edition will be more extensive. It will include Solutions,PowerPoints that incorporate lecture notes,newly developed self-quiz questions,and source code for the term project and case study.
RFID Tags (2008)

Radio frequency identification (RFID) has a long history and is part of the technological revolution both and past. RFID enables quick payment of tolls and quick identification of items. This chapter focuses on the RFID tag and provides an overview and history of the various types of tags, their uses, and the physics behind their operation. RFID has a long history. RFID uses radio waves, which are one form of electromagnetic waves. Identify Friend or Foe systems are used by the military to distinguish between friendly and hostile forces to prevent friendly fire casualties and can be classified as active RFID systems. Passive RFID tags have an unlimited lifetime with respect to power, but physical damage can render passive RFID tags useless. Active RFID tags also contain unique identifiers and may contain other devices, such as sensors. The near-field RFID tags utilize magnetic coupling, which is the same principle as is used in a transformer.
Simulators for use in anaesthesia (2007)

There are many simulators available for use in anaesthetic-related education and research. Those who wish to purchase a simulator or to establish a simulation facility face a daunting task in understanding the differences between simulators. Recent reviews have focused on narrower areas of simulation, such as airway management or basic life support, or on the application of simulators. It would be difficult to deal in detail with every simulator ever made for anaesthesia, but in the present review we cover the spectrum of currently available anaesthetic simulators, provide an overview of different types of simulator, and discuss a selection of simulators of particular interest, including some of historical significance and some examples of 'home made' simulators. We have found no common terminology amongst authors for describing or classifying simulators, and propose a framework for describing (or classifying) them that is simple, clear and applicable to any simulator.
Effective automatic image annotation via a coherent language model and active learning (2004)

Image annotations allow users to access a large image database with textual queries. There have been several studies on automatic image annotation utilizing machine learning techniques, which automatically learn statistical models from annotated images and apply them to generate annotations for unseen images. One common problem shared by most previous learning approaches for automatic image annotation is that each annotated word is predicated for an image independently from other annotated words. In this paper, we proposed a coherent language model for automatic image annotation that takes into account the word-to-word correlation by estimating a coherent language model for an image. This new approach has two important advantages: 1) it is able to automatically determine the annotation length to improve the accuracy of retrieval results, and 2) it can be used with active learning to significantly reduce the required number of annotated image examples. Empirical studies with Corel dataset are presented to show the effectiveness of the coherent language model for automatic image annotation.
Do Limit Orders Alter Inferences about Investor Performance and Behavior? (2010)

ABSTRACT Individual investors lose money around earnings announcements, experience poor posttrade returns, exhibit the disposition effect, and make contrarian trades. Using simulations and trading records of all individual investors in Finland, I find that these trading patterns can be explained in large part by investors' use of limit orders. These patterns arise mechanically because limit orders are price‐contingent and suffer from adverse selection. Reverse causality from behavioral biases to order choices does not appear to explain my findings. I propose a simple method for measuring a data set's susceptibility to this limit order effect.
The Unexpected Role of CO in CH Oxidative Addition by a Cationic Rhodium(I) Complex (2007)

CO(mpletely) unexpected: The oxidative addition of CH bonds to transition-metal ions usually requires high electron density at the metal center, and therefore strong π-acceptor ligands, such as carbon monoxide, are normally expected to inhibit such reactions. Hence surprisingly, an electron-poor cationic RhI system is observed in which addition of a CO ligand can actually promote oxidative addition of a strong CH bond (see scheme).
Transactive Control and Coordination of Distributed Assets for Ancillary Services (2013)

The need to diversify energy supplies, the need to mitigate energy-related environmental impact, and the entry of electric vehicles in large numbers present challenges and opportunities to power system professionals. Wind and solar power provide many benefits, and to reap the benefits the resulting increased variability—forecasted as well as unforecasted—should be addressed. A majority of states and the District of Columbia, representing over half of the total load, have passed renewable portfolio standards. California’s plans call for 33% renewable energy by 2020. For grid balancing and for meeting reliability standards, ancillary services are needed. The needs for these services are poised to increase significantly. Demand resources are receiving increasing attention as one means of providing the ancillary services. Control and coordination of a large number (~millions) of distributed smart grid assets requires innovative approaches. One such approach is transactive control and coordination (TC2)—a distributed, hierarchical, agent-based incentive and control system. The TC2 paradigm is to create a market-like control system in which participation is voluntary and the participant sets the price for participation. For transactions that are frequent, automation of bids and responses is necessary. Such an approach has been developed and demonstrated at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. The devices, typically thermostatically controlled heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) loads, send their bids—the quantity of energy they need and, based on the consumer preferences encoded in a simple user interface, the price they are willing to pay. The typical bid period is 5 minutes. By aggregating all the bids, a demand curve is generated by the aggregating entity, and matched with a supply curve or supply constraint. The aggregator transmits the clearing price to the devices. The winning devices proceed to consume the energy they bid for and won. It is the purpose of this project to develop a similar approach for ancillary services. In this report, the following ancillary services are considered: spinning reserve, ramping, and regulation. These services are to be provided by the following devices: refrigerators, water heaters, clothes dryers, variable speed drives. We will assume that the variable speed drives operate an air handling fan in a commercial building.
Argumentation Schemes (2008)

This book provides a systematic analysis of many common argumentation schemes and a compendium of 96 schemes. The study of these schemes, or forms of argument that capture stereotypical patterns of human reasoning, is at the core of argumentation research. Surveying all aspects of argumentation schemes from the ground up, the book takes the reader from the elementary exposition in the first chapter to the latest state of the art in the research efforts to formalize and classify the schemes, outlined in the last chapter. It provides a systematic and comprehensive account, with notation suitable for computational applications that increasingly make use of argumentation schemes.
Phorbol ester‐induced expression and function of the interleukin 2 receptor in human B lymphocytes (1985)

The expression of the interleukin 2 receptor (Tac) on normal B cells and Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphoblastoid B cell lines is induced by the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA). The receptor on B cells is indistinguishable from that on T cells by serological and biochemical analysis. It is functionally active so that TPA-induced B cells respond to interleukin 2 by increased DNA synthesis. These results suggest that the expression of Tac is not exclusively restricted to T cells and that interleukin 2 may play a role in B cell differentiation.
Abrogation of Heat Shock Protein 70 Induction as a Strategy to Increase Antileukemia Activity of Heat Shock Protein 90 Inhibitor 17-Allylamino-Demethoxy Geldanamycin (2005)

17-Allylamino-demethoxy geldanamycin (17-AAG) inhibits the chaperone association of heat shock protein 90 (hsp90) with the heat shock factor-1 (HSF-1), which induces the mRNA and protein levels of hsp70. Increased hsp70 levels inhibit death receptor and mitochondria-initiated signaling for apoptosis. Here, we show that ectopic overexpression of hsp70 in human acute myelogenous leukemia HL-60 cells (HL-60/hsp70) and high endogenous hsp70 levels in Bcr-Abl-expressing cultured CML-BC K562 cells confers resistance to 17-AAG-induced apoptosis. In HL-60/hsp70 cells, hsp70 was bound to Bax, inhibited 17-AAG-mediated Bax conformation change and mitochondrial localization, thereby inhibiting the mitochondria-initiated events of apoptosis. Treatment with 17-AAG attenuated the levels of phospho-AKT, AKT, and c-Raf but increased hsp70 levels to a similar extent in the control HL-60/Neo and HL-60/hsp70 cells. Pretreatment with 17-AAG, which induced hsp70, inhibited 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine or etoposide-induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells. Stable transfection of a small interfering RNA (siRNA) to hsp70 completely abrogated the endogenous levels of hsp70 and blocked 17-AAG-mediated hsp70 induction, resulting in sensitizing K562/siRNA-hsp70 cells to 17-AAG-induced apoptosis. This was associated with decreased binding of Bax to hsp70 and increased 17-AAG-induced Bax conformation change. 17-AAG-mediated decline in the levels of AKT, c-Raf, and Bcr-Abl was similar in K562 and K562/siRNA-hsp70 cells. Cotreatment with KNK437, a benzylidine lactam inhibitor of hsp70 induction and thermotolerance, attenuated 17-AAG-mediated hsp70 induction and increased 17-AAG-induced apoptosis and loss of clonogenic survival of HL-60 cells. Collectively, these data indicate that induction of hsp70 attenuates the apoptotic effects of 17-AAG, and abrogation of hsp70 induction significantly enhances the antileukemia activity of 17-AAG.
Understanding the Nuances of Microwave Ablation for More Accurate Post-Treatment Assessment (2018)

Microwave ablation (MWA) is a relatively new thermal modality for minimally invasive procedures compared with radiofrequency ablation. Although MWA and radiofrequency ablation are thermal modalities, their underlying physics and principles greatly differ. Consequently, it is imperative that clinicians be aware of how these differences impact realized ablation volumes to consistently ensure technical success and better patient outcomes. This paper will review the nuances specific to MWA technology (i.e., tissue properties, perfusion/heat sink effect, ablation assessment, imaging accuracy and tissue contraction) that are often overlooked based on familiarity with conventional thermal modalities to guide more accurate assessment of post-treatment MWA volumes.
Mutation analysis of iduronate-2-sulphatase gene in 24 patients with Hunter syndrome: Characterisation of 6 novel mutations (1999)

Hunter syndrome is a rare, X-linked, recessively inherited disease affecting approximately 1 in 132,000 males. The disease is caused by the inability to degrade dermatan sulphate and heparan sulphate due to mutations in the iduronate-2-sulphatase gene (IDS). The mutations causing the disorder are heterogeneous, ranging from small micro-lesions to gross deletions and inversions. We have screened DNA samples from a panel of 24 unrelated Hunter syndrome patients and have identified mutations in 16 individuals. Six mutations represent novel changes in the gene and these include two single base deletions (1264DC and 1632/3DT); two single base insertions (776/8insC and 1082insT); and two missense mutations--Y264N (914T-->G) and Q465P (1518A-->C). An additional two missense mutations and one splice site alteration identified in this study have been described previously. Southern analysis revealed complete or partial gene deletions in a further 7 patients.
Antigen capture ELISA for platelet antibody detection: choice of conjugate influences assay result (2000)

The performance of an anti-IgG/A/M and two anti-IgG alkaline phosphatase (AP) conjugates in a commercial antigen capture ELISA (ACE) were compared for their ability to detect antibodies to human platelet antigens (HPAs) contained in 11 sera. Three anti-HPA-1a and one anti-HPA-3a were not detected by the anti-IgG/A/M conjugate, but both anti-IgG conjugates detected all HPA antibodies as a consequence of increased sensitivity in detecting specific antibody binding. This increase varied from 10% to 500%, depending on the serum being tested. The increased sensitivity in some instances was also accompanied by an apparent increase in nonspecific binding, as measured by activity against irrelevant glycoproteins that should not have been recognized by the relevant HPA antibodies in the sera in question. Hence, anti-IgG conjugates would appear to be preferable for detecting platelet-reactive antibodies in many clinical situations; however, the choice of anti-IgG conjugate should be made judiciously (and appropriately validated), in order to avoid false positive results arising from increased nonspecific binding, which may otherwise be erroneously attributed to the presence of auto-antibodies in the serum under investigation.