gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Experimental study of two phase flow in inclined pipes (1987)

A series of oil-air two phase flow experiments were conducted with a 25 m long acrylic pipe installed on an inclinable trestle at the University of Calgary flow loop. Three different pipe diameters of 25.8 mm, 51.2 mm and 76.3 mm at seven angles of 0°, ±1 °, ±5° and ±9° were studied. The fluids used were air and a light oil of 858 kg/m 3 density and 7 mPa.s viscosity at an average temperature of 23°C and pressure of 230 to 350 kPa. The data include flow pattern observations, liquid holdup, and pressure drop information over a wide range of gas and liquid flow rates. In addition, for the intermittent flow regime, bubble velocity, holdup in the liquid slug, bubble length, liquid fraction in the bubble portion, bubble/slug frequency and slug length are also reported. Such comprehensive data have not been reported previously on any two phase system. These data have been analyzed to test existing semi-theoretical models and new mechanistic models have been developed. The flow pattern transitions have been compared with the Taitel and Dukler flow pattern map. The transition from stratified to intermittent flow regime is predicted correctly by this analysis but the intermittent-annular and intermittent-dispersed bubble boundaries are not. Mechanistic models have been proposed for these transitions and the new theory predicts the transitions correctly. The pressure drop and liquid holdup were found to be flow pattern dependent. Intermittent flow was the dominant flow regime in upward flow while stratified flow dominated in downward inclined pipes. For intermittent flow the experimental results were compared with a modified Hubbard-Dukler analysis. Almost all parameters in this model were calculated from first principles and an interfacial shear term was added for the gas film. This model yields excellent results even for the transition region between the intermittent and truly annular flow designated as "proto" slug flow. A separated model has been proposed for stratified flow and homogeneous models for dispersed bubble and annular flow for predicting pressure drop and liquid holdup in inclined pipes. The results show good agreement with the experimental data.
Small printed antenna easily integratedinto mobile handset terminal (1998)

A truly integrated printed antenna suitable for mobile communications handset terminals is presented. The antenna consists of a cavity backed probe-fed patch incorporating a strategically positioned resistive load. The impedance behaviour and radiation characteristics of the novel cavity backed patch are given.
Cytological and enzymological characterization of adult human adipocyte precursors in culture. (1976)

Cell strains were derived from the stromal-vascular fraction of human omental adipose tissue and grown in culture. Since the purpose of this study was to isolate adipocyte precursors from adults, the cells were obtained from nonobese patients 40-60 yr of age. After treatment of adipose tissue with collagenase, mature adipocytes were separated from stromal-vascular fraction cells, and cell strains of the latter replicated in culture with a doubling time of 40-60 h. They were initially fusiform; upon reaching monolayer confluency, they accumulated lipid and became rounder. Skin fibroblasts from the same patients and grown under the same culture conditions remained fusiform and did not accumulate lipid. The stromal-vascular fraction cells of adipose tissue may be fibroblasts with the potential to become adipocyte precursors. Subcellular preparations of the cells grown from the stromal-vascular fraction revealed lipoprotein lipase activity (characterized by such properties as inhibition by 1 M NaCl) that was not detectable in skin fibroblasts. The overall specific activity of the enzymes that catalyze triglyceride synthesis was 15 times higher and that of fatty acid synthetase was 2 times higher in the cells cultured from the stromal-vascular fraction. The difference was significant in each case. Conversely, when isolated mature adipocytes were cultured, they lost considerable lipid and acquired morphological characteristics similar to those of stromal-vascular fraction cells. Thus, adipose tissue stromal-vascular fraction cells acquire in culture many of the morphological and enzymological characteristics of mature fat cells.
Independent Assessment of Technology Characterizations to Support the Biomass Program Annual State-of-Technology Assessments (2011)

This report discusses an investigation that addressed two thermochemical conversion pathways for the production of liquid fuels and addressed the steps to the process, the technology providers, a method for determining the state of technology and a tool to continuously assess the state of technology. This report summarizes the findings of the investigation as well as recommendations forimprovements for future studies.
Diversification of the Ig Variable Region Gene Repertoire of Synovial B Lymphocytes by Nucleotide Insertion and Deletion (2003)

Although the changes that occur in Ig V region genes during a B lymphocyte's response to antigen usually result from point mutations, nucleotide insertion and deletion also alter gene sequence. We identified nucleotide insertions and deletions (3 to 12 bp) at a frequency of 1.34%, in Ig V gene cDNA from B lymphocytes residing in the synovial tissues of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Because the added or lost nucleotides occurred in multiples of 3, they maintained the original reading frame and coded a potentially intact receptor. These V gene modifications were generated somatically, because they were identified in the original cDNA by HCDR3-specific polymerase chain reaction and were not found in other B cells using the same VH genes. Insertions and deletions were detected only in IgG+ and IgA+ transcripts, which exhibited 3 times more point mutations than IgM+ transcripts. In addition, they were usually found in the complementarity determining region, typical targets of somatic mutation. The occurrence of insertion/ deletion in isotype-switched cDNA with higher numbers of V gene mutations that localized to hot spots for V gene mutation suggests that these diversification events were related to the somatic hypermutation process. In support of this, an AGY hot spot motif and a short stretch of DNA similar in sequence to the inserted or deleted segments could be found next to the insertions/deletions, suggesting that these modifications arose from DNA duplication following DNA stand breaks. Thus, nucleotide insertion/deletion can lead to B-cell receptor diversification in B lymphocytes that clonally expand in synovial tissues of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Assembly of Basement Membrane in Vitro by Cooperation between Alveolar Epithelial Cells and Pulmonary Fibroblasts. (1997)

To investigate basement membrane formation by cooperation between pneumocytes and pulmonary fibroblasts, we cultured type II alveolar epithelial cells obtained from rats transfected with SV40-large T antigen gene (SV40-T2 cells) on type I collagen matrices. On fibroblasts-embedded gel (T2-Fgel), SV40-T2 cells ultrastructurally formed a continuous and thin layer of lamina densa, while on collagen gel without fibroblasts (T2-gel) SV40-T2 cells produced only discontinuous and diffuse deposits. Stripping SV40-T2 cells off the tissues by H2O2 treatment revealed a continuous and plane surface of lamina densa assembled on the T2-Fgel tissue, whereas only amorphous deposits appeared on the T2-gel tissue. Immunolocalization of major basement membrane components showed that type IV collagen, laminin, perlecan and entactin (nidogen) were continuously integrated on the lamina densa in T2-Fgel. In T2-gel, all these components were discontinuously distributed beneath SV40-T2 cells. The contribution of pulmonary fibroblasts to the assembly of basement membrane through reorganization of collagen matrix and/or soluble factors was examined by the cultured of SV40-T2 cells on the freeze-thawed fibroblast-tissue and/or with the fibroblast-conditioned medium. Both SV40-T2 cells on the freeze-thawed fibroblast-tissue and SV40-T2 cells in T2-gel in the fibroblast-conditioned medium failed to produce a lamina densa. SV40-T2 cells could assemble a lamina densa only on the freeze-thawed fibroblast-tissue in the fibroblast-conditioned medium. These results show that the basement membrane components are assembled to a lamina densa by combination of the reorganization of collagen matrix and the supply of soluble factors by pulmonary fibroblasts.
BRCA1 and CtIP Are Both Required to Recruit Dna2 at Double-Strand Breaks in Homologous Recombination (2015)

Homologous recombination plays a key role in the repair of double-strand breaks (DSBs), and thereby significantly contributes to cellular tolerance to radiotherapy and some chemotherapy. DSB repair by homologous recombination is initiated by 5' to 3' strand resection (DSB resection), with nucleases generating the 3' single-strand DNA (3'ssDNA) at DSB sites. Genetic studies of Saccharomyces cerevisiae demonstrate a two-step DSB resection, wherein CtIP and Mre11 nucleases carry out short-range DSB resection followed by long-range DSB resection done by Dna2 and Exo1 nucleases. Recent studies indicate that CtIP contributes to DSB resection through its non-catalytic role but not as a nuclease. However, it remains elusive how CtIP contributes to DSB resection. To explore the non-catalytic role, we examined the dynamics of Dna2 by developing an immuno-cytochemical method to detect ionizing-radiation (IR)-induced Dna2-subnuclear-focus formation at DSB sites in chicken DT40 and human cell lines. Ionizing-radiation induced Dna2 foci only in wild-type cells, but not in Dna2 depleted cells, with the number of foci reaching its maximum at 30 minutes and being hardly detectable at 120 minutes after IR. Induced foci were detectable in cells in the G2 phase but not in the G1 phase. These observations suggest that Dna2 foci represent the recruitment of Dna2 to DSB sites for DSB resection. Importantly, the depletion of CtIP inhibited the recruitment of Dna2 to DSB sites in both human cells and chicken DT40 cells. Likewise, a defect in breast cancer 1 (BRCA1), which physically interacts with CtIP and contributes to DSB resection, also inhibited the recruitment of Dna2. Moreover, CtIP physically associates with Dna2, and the association is enhanced by IR. We conclude that BRCA1 and CtIP contribute to DSB resection by recruiting Dna2 to damage sites, thus ensuring the robust DSB resection necessary for efficient homologous recombination.
The E4 promoter of adenovirus type 2 contains an E1A dependent cis-actlng element (1986)

To study how the E1A polypeptides of adenovirus type 2 regulate transcription, we have constructed chimeric plasmids containing the bacterial gene encoding chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) under the control of either the wild type or the deleted E4 promoter of adenovirus type 2. Our previous results showed that promoter sequences located upstream from position -158, as measured from the cap site, are essential to the transactivation process. From a new set of deletion mutants, we now show that two regions, located between positions -239 and -218 and between positions -179 and -158, are involved in the E1A transactivation process. The deletion of only one of them does not significantly alter the E1A induction process compared with the wild type. Moreover, we show that these two regions lie within a DNA fragment which possesses the properties of an E1A-inducible "enhancer-like" element. In addition, the DNA fragment which contains this enhancer element is also able to confer the E1A inducibility to a heterologous promoter.
Gemcitabine: Future Prospects of Single-Agent and Combination Studies (1997)

Gemcitabine (2'2'-difluorodeoxycytidine, Gemzar) is a deoxycytidine analog with excellent antitumor activity against a number of solid tumors. Gemcitabine needs to be activated by deoxycytidine kinase and other kinases to its triphosphate, gemcitabine triphosphate, which can be incorporated into RNA and DNA. The latter effect is considered to be responsible for its antitumor effect and causes masked chain termination and inhibition of DNA repair. This effect may be of importance for combination with DNA interacting agents. In phase I trials daily, twice weekly, weekly and every two weeks schedules have been evaluated. At the weekly schedule of 1,000-1,250 mg/m&sup2; significant antitumor activity was observed in bladder, breast, ovary, and pancreatic cancer, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and small cell lung cancer of 31%, 33%, 22%, 11%, 22% and 27% total response rates, respectively. Gemcitabine also showed considerable improvement in clinical symptoms, while toxicity was not severe with mild myelosuppression. Due to its ability to inhibit DNA replication, combination studies were initiated with DNA damaging agents. For the various combinations with cisplatin in phase II studies on NSCLC, response rates varied from 42%-54%, with a median survival of generally more than 12 months. Also, combinations with taxanes, etoposide, doxorubicin and vindesin seem promising. Gemcitabine is an important agent for the management of several relatively chemoresistant cancer types, both with respect to anti-tumor activity and clinical benefit. Future research on combination studies deserves high priority considering the high response rates in NSCLC and bladder cancer.
Antitumor activity of inhibiting SYK kinase with TAK-659, an investigational agent, in DLBCL models. (2014)

8580 Background: Spleen Tyrosine Kinase (SYK) is a non-receptor cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase that is a common member of various signal transduction cascades in cells of the hematopoietic lineage including those involved in B-cell receptor (BCR) activation, B cell migration, and B cell polarization. Abnormal SYK activation has been implicated in several hematopoietic malignancies including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Methods: TAK-659 is an investigational inhibitor of SYK that is currently being evaluated in a Phase I clinical trial (NCT02000934). Results: TAK-659 inhibits SYK with an IC50 of 3.2nM and has the ability to inhibit cellular proliferation in relevant models with an EC50 between 25 to 400nM. Daily oral administration of 60 mg/kg TAK-659 showed anti-tumor activity in DLBCL cell-line xenograft models representing ABC (OCI-LY-10 (TGI 50%), HBL-1 (TGI 40%) and a primary human tumor xenograft model, PHTX-95L (TGI 70%), GCB (OCI-LY-19 (TGI 37%) and non-ABC/GCB (WSU (TGI 50%)) subtypes. Interestingly, in the OCI-LY-19 GCB-type DLBCL model, 60 mg/kg TAK-659 (TGI 37%) showed increased activity over a BTK inhibitor (TGI 15%) suggesting the hypothesis that inhibition of BCR signaling upstream of BTK could be beneficial in treating a broader range of sub-types of B-cell malignancies. The time course of pSYK (pSYK525) and pBLNK (pBLNK65) expression were assessed following single doses of TAK-659. Time dependent inhibition of these phospho-proteins and also increase in expression of cleaved caspase 3, an apoptosis marker was observed in the DLBCL models studied here. Phenotypic assessment of 15 primary DLBCL samples for pSYK and other relevant pathway markers revealed that SYK activation occurs in a considerable number of molecularly heterogeneous DLBCL samples and is consistently associated with activation of the BCR pathway. Conclusions: These results together suggest that SYK activation occurs in various subsets of DLBCL samples and TAK-659 showed activity in pre-clinical models of the various subtypes of DLBCL supporting its clinical investigation in DLBCL patients.
A New Method for the Payment of Bills and the Transfer of Credit (1960)

The transfer of credit and the processing of receivables play important roles in most business systems. Present procedures require a dual handling of payments— they are processed both by the payee and again by the banks involved in the transfer of credit. The banks must necessarily process payments made by check; it is therefore reasonable to inquire whether the processing now required of the payee is not largely redundant, and whether it would not therefore be profitable to alter the present system. Three questions deserve examination: Can the present system be simplified? Will simplification lead to net savings? How should the savings be shared?
Acidity measurements at elevated temperatures. V. Aluminum ion hydrolysis (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAcidity measurements at elevated temperatures. V. Aluminum ion hydrolysisR. E. Mesmer and C. F. Baes Jr.Cite this: Inorg. Chem. 1971, 10, 10, 2290–2296Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1971https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50104a040RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views279Altmetric-Citations91LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (875 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Detection of factor IX antibodies by radioimmunoassay: effect of calcium on antibody-factor IX interaction (1980)

A radioimmunoassay for alloantibodies (inhibitors) and heteroantibodies to human factor IX has been developed using radioiodinated human factor IX and formalin-fixed, heat-killed Staphylococcus aureus cells (Staph A). Staph A was used as a solid-phase adsorbent for immune complexes. The assay is specific, shows excellent correlation with factor IX coagulant neutralization assays in detecting alloantibodies (r = 0.98), and is 60 times more sensitive. The Staph A method allows rapid separation of immune complexes (within 10 min of addition) and binds immunoglobulin with equivalent efficiency in the presence and absence of calcium. These characteristics have made the Staph A binding method useful for observing the Ca++ effect on the antigenicity of factor IX as detected by hetero- and alloantibodies. All antisera investigated showed some increase in antibody titer when measured in the presence of Ca++. One particular alloantibody showed the greatest increase in titer (&gt; twofold). The reversibility of the calcium effect by excess EDTA indicates that it was not caused by Ca++-dependent proteolysis of the factor IX molecule. The Staph A procedure can also be used as a sensitive competitive radioimmunoassay for human factor IX using alloantibody. The assay could detect factor IX antigen to a dilution of 1:1280 of normal plasma and correctly classified hemophilia B plasmas as cross-reacting material positive or negative.
Effects of γ-valerolactone in hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass to monosaccharides (2014)

The use of γ-valerolactone as solvent for acid-catalyzed biomass hydrolysis reactions increases reaction rates compared to reactions carried out in water.
Prostate Specific Antigen Cleaves Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein in the PTH-like Domain: Inactivation of PTHrP-Stimulated cAMP Accumulation in Mouse Osteoblasts (1996)

Cleavage of PTHrP 1-141 by PSA carboxyl-terminal to phenylalanine 23 represents a unique pattern of PTHrP processing that may be specific to the prostate. Prostate-specific antigen inactivation of the cAMP-inducing activity of PTHrP 1-141 demonstrates that PSA cleavage regulates the biological activity of PTHrP. These results have implications for the role of PTHrP in prostate cancer metastasis to bone and its subsequent regulation of bone remodeling. Study of the biological activities of the PSA-generated PTHrP peptides identified in this study merits further investigation.
The Exopolysaccharide Alginate Protects <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Biofilm Bacteria from IFN-γ-Mediated Macrophage Killing (2005)

The ability of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to form biofilms and cause chronic infections in the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients is well documented. Numerous studies have revealed that P. aeruginosa biofilms are highly refractory to antibiotics. However, dramatically fewer studies have addressed P. aeruginosa biofilm resistance to the host's immune system. In planktonic, unattached (nonbiofilm) P. aeruginosa, the exopolysaccharide alginate provides protection against a variety of host factors yet the role of alginate in protection of biofilm bacteria is unclear. To address this issue, we tested wild-type strains PAO1, PA14, the mucoid cystic fibrosis isolate, FRD1 (mucA22+), and the respective isogenic mutants which lacked the ability to produce alginate, for their susceptibility to human leukocytes in the presence and absence of IFN-gamma. Human leukocytes, in the presence of recombinant human IFN-gamma, killed biofilm bacteria lacking alginate after a 4-h challenge at 37 degrees C. Bacterial killing was dependent on the presence of IFN-gamma. Killing of the alginate-negative biofilm bacteria was mediated through mononuclear cell phagocytosis since treatment with cytochalasin B, which prevents actin polymerization, inhibited leukocyte-specific bacterial killing. By direct microscopic observation, phagocytosis of alginate-negative biofilm bacteria was significantly increased in the presence of IFN-gamma vs all other treatments. Addition of exogenous, purified alginate to the alginate-negative biofilms restored resistance to human leukocyte killing. Our results suggest that although alginate may not play a significant role in bacterial attachment, biofilm development, and formation, it may play an important role in protecting mucoid P. aeruginosa biofilm bacteria from the human immune system.
Combining Linear and Non-Linear Test Vector Compression Using Correlation-Based Rectangular Encoding (2006)

A technique is presented here for improving the compression achieved with any linear decompressor by adding a small nonlinear decoder that exploits bit-wise and pattern-wise correlation present in test vectors. The proposed nonlinear decoder has a regular and compact structure and allows continuous-flow decompression. It has a very important feature which is that its design does not depend on the test data. This simplifies the design flow and allows the decoder to be reused when testing multiple cores on a chip. Experimental results show that combining a linear decompressor with the small nonlinear decoder proposed here significantly improves the overall compression.