gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Traffic management of multimedia over ATM networks (1999)

Multimedia is characterized by bursty traffic and often stringent real-time constraints. Multimedia traffic requires quality of service guarantees. This gives rise to traffic management issues in order to obtain high network utilization and quality of service guarantee to the multimedia stream. The aim of this article is to present an overview of the traffic management issues and their possible solutions for transmission of multimedia over asynchronous transfer mode networks.
Endocytic Traffic in Polarized Epithelial Cells: Role of the Actin and Microtubule Cytoskeleton (2001)

The cytoskeleton is required for multiple cellular events including endocytosis and the transfer of cargo within the endocytic system. Polarized epithelial cells are capable of endocytosis at either of their distinct apical or basolateral plasma membrane domains. Actin plays a role in internalization at both cell surfaces. Microtubules and actin are required for efficient transcytosis and delivery of proteins to late endosomes and lysosomes. Microtubules are also important in apical recycling pathways and, in some polarized cell types, basolateral recycling requires actin. The microtubule motor proteins dynein and kinesin and the class I unconventional myosin motors play a role in many of these trafficking steps. This review examines the endocytic pathways of polarized epithelial cells and focuses on the emerging roles of the actin cytoskeleton in these processes.
Zwitterionic SAMs that Resist Nonspecific Adsorption of Protein from Aqueous Buffer (2001)

This paper describes the use of surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy and self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of alkanethiols on gold to evaluate the ability of surfaces terminating in different combinations of charged groups to resist the nonspecific adsorption of proteins from aqueous buffer. Mixed SAMs formed from a 1:1 combination of a thiol terminated in a trimethylammonium group and a thiol terminated in a sulfonate group adsorbed less than 1% of a monolayer of two proteins with different characteristics: fibrinogen and lysozyme. Single-component SAMs formed from thiols terminating in groups combining a positively charged moiety and a negatively charged moiety were also capable of resisting the adsorption of proteins. Single-component SAMs presenting single charges adsorbed nearly a full monolayer of protein. The amount of protein that adsorbed to mixed zwitterionic SAMs did not depend on the ionic strength or the pH of the buffer in which the protein was dissolved. The amount of protein that adsorbed to single-component zwitterionic SAMs increased as the ionic strength of the buffer decreased; it also decreased as the pH of the buffer increased (at constant ionic strength). Single-component zwitterionic SAMs composed of thiols terminating in <i>N,N</i>-dimethyl-amino-propane-1-sulfonic acid (-N<sup>+</sup>(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>) groups were substantially more effective at resisting adsorption of fibrinogen and lysozyme from buffer at physiological ionic strength and pH than single-component zwitterionic SAMs composed of thiols terminating in phosphoric acid 2-trimethylamino-ethyl ester (-OP(O)<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>OCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>N<sup>+</sup>(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>). Several of these zwitterionic SAMs were comparable to the best known systems for resisting nonspecific adsorption of protein.
A New MIMO Detector for Iterative Decoding with Multiple Antenna Systems (2006)

Recent research has shown that it is possible to achieve near capacity performance with multiple antennas using iterative techniques with an outer channel code. For the iterative multi-input multi-output (MIMO) system to operate at extremely high data rates, the design and development of practically feasible inner MIMO detector is an important issue. A new soft-input soft-output MIMO detector is presented in this paper. A tree-like algorithm is developed by arranging the maximum a posteriori equations in a specific form, The algorithm exploits the concepts of ordering, symbol cancellation, interference nulling and multiple quantization, which have been very successful in Vertical Bell laboratories layered space time (V-Blast) system. Monte-Carlo simulations are presented analyzing different aspects of the soft detector. The performance is also compared with other well-known iterative methods including the modified sphere decoder used with outer convolutional and turbo codes. Results presented show that the detector not only has very good performance, but also has many practical advantages, compared to other methods, like an ability to easily control performance-complexity tradeoff.
Chemistry of micelles. 18. Cascade polymers: syntheses and characterization of one-directional arborols based on adamantane (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemistry of micelles. 18. Cascade polymers: syntheses and characterization of one-directional arborols based on adamantaneGeorge R. Newkome, Rajani K. Behera, Charles N. Moorefield, and Gregory R. BakerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 25, 7162–7167Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1991https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00025a038RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1464Altmetric-Citations132LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (803 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Pharmacokinetic Fundamentals of Vaginal Treatment with Clotrimazole (1982)

Absorption of clotrimazole after vaginal application was estimated to be between 3 and 10%. In order to investigate the fate of clotrimazole reaching systemic circulation, pharmacokinetic studies following oral and intravenous administration were carried out. The concentrations of clotrimazole in vaginal fluid and in blood plasma after vaginal application of 200 and 500 mg were determined using a specific assay by quantitative thin-layer chromatography. Fungicidal concentrations of clotrimazole in vaginal fluid up to 3 days after application of one vaginal tablet containing 500 mg were found. In contrast, clotrimazole plasma levels were lower than 0.01 micrograms/ml, demonstrating that clotrimazole is rapidly metabolized.
Human Olfactory Receptors Expression and Their Role in Non-Olfactory Tissues Ã¢ÂÂ A Mini-Review (2015)

The expression of human olfactory receptors in non-olfactory tissues has been documented since the early nineties, however, until recently their functional roles were largely unknown. Many studies have demonstrated that these G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are actively involved in various cellular processes. Here, we summarized current evidence describing the most prominent expression and functional data for these ectopic olfactory receptors. Further studies focused on discovering their ligands, both agonists and antagonists, will be necessary to fully characterize molecular mechanisms underlying their functional roles in human physiology and pathophysiology.
Topological regulation of cell division in <i>Escherichia coli</i> involves rapid pole to pole oscillation of the division inhibitor MinC under the control of MinD and MinE (1999)

Placement of the Z ring at midcell in Escherichia coli is assured by the action of the min system, which blocks usage of potential division sites that exist at the cell poles. This activity of min is achieved through the action of an inhibitor of division, MinC, that is activated by MinD and topologically regulated by MinE. In this study, we have used a functional GFP-MinC fusion to monitor the location of MinC. We find that GFP-MinC is a cytoplasmic protein in the absence of the other Min proteins. The addition of MinD, a peripheral membrane protein that interacts with MinC, results in GFP-MinC appearing on the membrane. In the presence of both MinD and MinE, GFP-MinC oscillates rapidly between the halves of the cell. Thus, MinC is positioned by the other Min products, but in a dynamic manner so that it is in position to inhibit Z ring assembly away from midcell.
Premedication with promethazine and transdermal scopolamine reduces the incidence of nausea and vomiting after intrathecal morphine (1995)

Intrathecal morphine provides effective postoperative pain relief in major orthopaedic surgery. In use, however, is associated with unpleasant side effects like nausea and vomiting. The effect of different premedications on postoperative emetic sequelae induced by intrathecal morphine was studied in a prospective, double blind study. Sixty patients scheduled for arthroplasty surgery of the lower extremity were anaesthetized with spinal anaesthesia with a combination of isobaric bupivacaine 20 mg and morphine 0.3 mg. For premedication the patients were randomised to three groups of equal size. They received either oral diazepam (5-15 mg), oral promethazine (10 mg) or a combination of promethazine and transdermal scopolamine (1.5 mg). Sixty percent of the patients with both promethazine and transdermal scopolamine were totally free from postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) symptoms compared to those premedicated with diazepam (40%) or promethazine alone (30%). Promethazine together with transdermal scopolamine reduced significantly the number of patients with vomiting (to 25%) and also vomiting episodes. This combination was also more efficient in reducing the incidence of nausea (to 25%) and nausea episodes than promethazine along (P < 0.05). Combination also reduced the requests for additional pain relief (P < 0.05). PONV occurred in a majority of patients during the first 12 hours of the 24 hour study period and the need for additional analgesics thereafter. The incidence of itching (50-65%) and urinary catheterisation (55-70%) was similar in all groups. In conclusion, the combination of oral promethazine and transdermal scopolamine was most effective in reducing PONV symptoms and also reduced the need for postoperative pain treatment.
Electrical alternative to pulsed fiber-delivered lasers in microsurgery (1997)

An electrical system based on a tapered microelectrode has been developed for generation of high voltage sub-microsecond discharge in physiological medium. Different types of the resulting pulses of current are investigated as well as the dynamics of the associated cavitation bubbles. A highly localized zone of power dissipation—about 20 μm in size—results in a low threshold energy of cavitation bubble generation—about 3 μJ—in comparison to laser-based intraocular microsurgical instrumentation with fiber delivery systems. Cavitation bubble dynamics resulting from the electric discharge is similar to that observed with ns-pulsed fiber-delivered lasers in strongly absorbing liquid medium. Efficiency of the pulse energy conversion to the bubble energy is about 12%, which is lower than the best results obtained with lasers. In spite of that, due to the low threshold energy, cavitation bubbles required for effective cutting of soft tissue can be generated at energies lower than that used in laser instrumentation with fiber-based delivery systems. The proposed device has a potential to become a convenient and a cost-effective alternative to such lasers in vitreoretinal microsurgery.
Effect of Magnetic Fields on Surface Plasma Discharges at Mach 5 (2004)

Longitudinal dc discharges were created between surface electrodes on a flat plate in a Mach 5 flow. Transverse magnetic fields were applied parallel to the plate surface and normal to the freestream velocity, creating Lorentz force vectors directed either into or out of the plate surface, depending on the sign of the current and magnetic field vectors. The magnitude of the magnetic field varied from 0 to 1 T, and the total current varied from 0.025 to 0.3 A. Surface pressures were measured at three locations between the electrodes. In the absence of any applied magnetic field, the discharge increases surface pressure through boundary-layer heating and subsequent viscous interaction. An applied magnetic field clearly affects the surface pressure. In general, a Lorentz force vector directed into the plate surface inhibited surface pressure increases, and a Lorentz force vector in the opposite direction had the opposite effect Although this is consistent with a Lorentz force, joule heating in the boundary-layer fluid is a dominating effect in the flow. It is unclear how much of the observed magnetic field effect is due to a Lorentz force, and how much is due to modification of the joule heating by the magnetic field.
Amino acid release from the hindquarter and urea appearance in acute uremia (1981)

Hepatic urea production is increased in acutely uremic rats, but it is not known whether this is related to release of nitrogen from nonhepatic tissues. Rats with acute uremia had lower arterial concentrations of alanine, glutamine, and alpha-amino nitrogen when compared to sham-operated rats and released significantly more alpha-amino nitrogen from the hindquarter in situ. Release of alpha-amino nitrogen, alanine, and glutamine from the perfused hindquarter of acutely uremic rats was greater than that of sham-operated rats. These changes in situ and in the perfused hindquarter were more pronounced in rats deprived of food and water compared to fed animals and were not due to depletion of intracellular amino acids. In addition to increased amino acid nitrogen release, there was a higher urea appearance rate (excretion plus accumulation) in starved, uremic rats compared to sham-operated controls (244.7 +/- 11.2 vs. 182.0 +/- 12.4 mg. 100 g-1 .48 h-1); urea appearance also was suppressed partially by feeding. Both peripheral release of amino acids and diet influence waste nitrogen production in acute uremia.
Photothermal Efficiencies of Nanoshells and Nanorods for Clinical Therapeutic Applications (2009)

With clinical trials for photothermal tumor ablation using laser-excited tunable plasmonic nanoparticles already underway, increasing understanding of the efficacy of plasmonic nanoparticle-based photothermal heating takes on increased urgency. Here we report a comparative study of the photothermal transduction efficiency of SiO2/Au nanoshells, Au2S/Au nanoshells, and Au nanorods, directly relevant to applications that rely on the photothermal response of plasmonic nanoparticles. We compare the experimental photothermal transduction efficiencies with the theoretical absorption efficiencies for each nanoparticle type. Our analysis assumes a distribution of randomly oriented nanorods, as would occur naturally in the tumor vasculature. In our study, photothermal transduction efficiencies differed by a factor of 3 or less between the different types of nanoparticle studied. Both experiment and theory show that particle size plays a dominant role in determining transduction efficiency, with larger particles more efficient for both absorption and scattering, enabling simultaneous photothermal heating and bioimaging contrast enhancement.
Allogeneic cell therapy for relapsed leukemia after bone marrow transplantation with donor peripheral blood lymphocytes. (1995)

Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is the treatment of choice for hematologic malignancies resistant to conventional chemotherapy and for patients who are at high risk for relapse. Until recently, no cure could be offered to patients relapsing following allogeneic BMT. We present our long-term observations of the first patient with remission reinduced by allogeneic cell therapy (allo-CT) using donor peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). In addition, we review the cumulative international experience with allo-CT used to treat 163 patients, 105 with CML and 58 with other hematologic diseases, who relapsed following allogeneic BMT. The first patient treated by allo-CT was diagnosed with acute resistant pre-B lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in extensive third hematologic and extramedullary relapse shortly after BMT. He was given infusions of donor (sister) PBL in multiple increments. Subsequently, he developed mild, reversible graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) in parallel with regression of all hematologic and cytogenetic disease manifestations. More than 8 years after allo-CT, he is disease-free with Karnofsky score 100% and no evidence of residual male cells by PCR. International data show that relapse after BMT was successfully reversed by donor PBL treatment in 97 of 158 evaluable patients; 72/100 (72%) with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and 25/58 (44.8%) with other malignant hematologic diseases including acute leukemia, lymphoma, and myelodysplastic syndrome. T cell depletion (TCD) for prevention of GVHD was performed for 60/105 (57%) patients with CML and 31/58 (53.4%) patients with other hematologic malignancies. Complete response after allo-CT was obtained in recipients of both TCD-BMT and unmodified BMT. GVHD due to allo-CT developed in 86/158 (54.4%) of the patients, 63/100 (63.0%) with CML and 23/58 (39.6%) with other hematologic diseases. alpha-interferon (IFN-alpha) was given to 67.9% of patients with CML and 28.1% of patients with other diseases. The cumulative experience shows that allo-CT can successfully reverse chemoradiotherapy-resistant relapse of acute leukemia and even more effectively of chronic leukemia independently of alpha-interferon therapy. Although GVHD was frequent among responders, accompanied occasionally by transient or irreversible marrow aplasia, remissions were also obtained in patients with no GVHD. Allo-CT should therefore be considered as treatment of choice for overt relapse or de novo minimal residual disease post-BMT. Administration of donor peripheral blood lymphocytes in graded increments at an early stage of relapse may be the best approach for combining optimal timing at the stage of minimal disease while controlling and minimizing the risk of GVHD on an individual basis.
Hybrid tunnel junction contacts to III–nitride light-emitting diodes (2016)

Abstract In this work, we demonstrate highly doped GaN p–n tunnel junction (TJ) contacts on III–nitride heterostructures where the active region of the device and the top p-GaN layers were grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition and highly doped n-GaN was grown by NH 3 molecular beam epitaxy to form the TJ. The regrowth interface in these hybrid devices was found to have a high concentration of oxygen, which likely enhanced tunneling through the diode. For optimized regrowth, the best tunnel junction device had a total differential resistivity of 1.5 × 10 −4 Ω cm 2 , including contact resistance. As a demonstration, a blue-light-emitting diode on a ( ) GaN substrate with a hybrid tunnel junction and an n-GaN current spreading layer was fabricated and compared with a reference sample with a transparent conducting oxide (TCO) layer. The tunnel junction LED showed a lower forward operating voltage and a higher efficiency at a low current density than the TCO LED.
A low pressure mercury vapor resonance ionization image detector (1998)

Narrow-band spectrally selective image detection based upon the resonance ionization of mercury atoms in a low pressure cell is described. Image dimensions and intensities were measured versus the wavelength of ionizing laser radiation and the dependence upon the voltage applied to electrodes was studied. The position sensitive image of the electron beam, created by two-step resonance photoionization of mercury, was studied when the detected laser beam was scanned spatially. A distorting influence of space charge due to positive mercury ions on the electron beam image was observed. Means of eliminating these distortions are discussed.
Influence of structure and counterions on physicochemical properties of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (1990)

The effects of different inorganic and organic counterions on the physicochemical behavior of three commercial linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS) have been studied. It has been found that the counterion hydration radius of the corresponding commercial linear alkylbenzene sulfonates has great influence on solubility, viscosity, surface tension and critical micelle concentration (CMC). The counterion has no influence on the detergency performance of the finished formulation. The alkyl chain length and the presence of tetralines have an important influence on solubility, viscosity and surface tension.
Biologically Active Polymers, 6 (2003)

Abstract Various copolymers were prepared by the copolymerization of 2‐chloroethyl vinyl ether (CEVE) with methyl methacrylate (MMA), hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and vinylbenzyl chloride (VBC). The copolymers were further modified by quaternization with triethylamine, triphenylphosphine, and tributylphosphine. The antimicrobial activities of the prepared, quaternized copolymers were evaluated against Candida albicans , Fusarium oxysporium , Aspergillus flavus , Bacillus subtilis , Escherichia coli , and Staphylococcus aureus . The antimicrobial activity was explored by the cut plug method, viable cell counting (surviving ratio), transmission electron microscopy, and potassium leakage tests. The results indicated that the prepared polymers had a high antimicrobial activity, and control experiments on the main polymer without ammonium, phenyl, or butyl and/or phosphonium groups were carried out. The phosphonium containing polycationic biocides are more effective than the quaternary ammonium salt polymers. Examining the C. albicans and S. aureus polymer‐treated cells by electron microscopy indicated disruption for the cytoplasmic membrane and release of potassium ion as shown by the assay of potassium leakage. Growth inhibition of different concentrations of polymer (X b ). magnified image Growth inhibition of different concentrations of polymer (X b ).
Active Digital Microfluidic Paper Chips with Inkjet‐Printed Patterned Electrodes (2014)

Active, paper-based, microfluidic chips driven by electrowetting are fabricated and demonstrated for reagent transport and mixing. Instead of using the passive capillary force on the pulp to actuate a flow of a liquid, a group of digital drops are transported along programmed trajectories above the electrodes printed on low-cost paper, which should allow point-of-care production and diagnostic activities in the future.