gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of Nanotechnology in Oil Well Cementing (2017)

Abstract Nanotechnology provides a wide variety of methods to resolve industrial issues, which could not be addressed previously using customary methods. It helps enable researchers to alter properties of bulk materials at the nanometer scale. Various nanomaterials have been successfully applied in many areas of petroleum engineering, particularly in drilling fluids, lost circulation, enhanced oil recovery (EOR), and cementing. This study examines the mechanical and microstructural properties of oil well cement with nanozeolite. During this research, API Class G cement was used with various concentrations of nanozeolite. Compressive strength development of Class G cement, with and without nanozeolite, was studied using an ultrasonic cement analyzer (UCA) for 24 hours under high-pressure and high-temperature (HP/HT) conditions. The porosity and permeability of set Class G cement admixed with nanozeolite was also analyzed in an automated permeameter/porosimeter after 24 hours of curing. Microstructural examination of cement samples was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Three important parameters during well cementing operations included time to achieve 50- and 500-psi compressive strength and time to achieve 2,000-psi compressive strength. These parameters were significantly altered by adding a small percentage of nanozeolite to the neat Class G cement. The addition of nanozeolite resulted in a decrease in transition time and accelerated achievement of 2,000-psi strength. Furthermore, the porosity and permeability of the set Class G cement specimens with nanozeolite decreased substantially, thus indicating a dense microstructure of the matrix. This was confirmed by microstructural investigations using SEM. Nanozeolite is nonhazardous, nontoxic and is compatible with API Class G cement. Nanozeolite can be an effective oil well cement additive because it enhances early strength, and the final compressive strength helps improve cement durability. The accelerated compressive strength development can help decrease wait-on-cement (WOC) time, thus lowering operation costs. Additionally, denser microstructure can help restrain the invasion of corrosive formation fluids.
A pilot study of131I monoclonal antibodies in the therapy of leptomeningeal tumors (1988)

A pilot study was performed to investigate the toxicity and therapeutic effect of radiolabeled antibody administered intrathecally in patients with leptomeningeal tumors. Five patients who failed conventional therapy received between 11 mCi and 40 mCi of radiolabeled antibody. The choice of antibody varied depending on the immunophenotype of the tumor. Therapy was well tolerated generally, with minimal acute toxicity. Four of five patients achieved an objective response to treatment that has been sustained for a period varying from 7 months to 2 years. No clinical signs of chronic toxicity have been observed in patients 1 and 2 years after therapy.
Myeloid-related Protein (MRP) 8 and MRP14, Calcium-binding Proteins of the S100 Family, Are Secreted by Activated Monocytes via a Novel, Tubulin-dependent Pathway (1997)

Myeloid-related protein (MRP) 8 and MRP14, two members of the S100 family expressed in myelomonocytic cells, have been ascribed some extracellular functions, e.g. antimicrobial, cytostatic, and chemotactic activities. Since S100 proteins lack structural requirements for secretion via the classical endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi route, the process of secretion is unclear. We now demonstrate the specific, energy-dependent release of MRP8 and MRP14 by human monocytes after activation of protein kinase C. This secretory process is not blocked by inhibitors of vesicular traffic through the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi, and comparative studies on tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1beta indicate that MRP8 and MRP14 follow neither the classical nor the interleukin-1-like alternative route of secretion. Inhibition by microtubule-depolymerizing agents revealed that MRP8/MRP14 secretion requires an intact tubulin network. Accordingly, upon initiation of MRP8/MRP14 secretion, immunofluorescence microscopy showed a co-localization of both proteins with tubulin filaments. Release of MRP8 and MRP14 is associated with down-regulation of their de novo synthesis, suggesting that extracellular signaling via MRP8/MRP14 is restricted to distinct differentiation stages of monocytes. Our data provide evidence that the S100 proteins MRP8 and MRP14 are secreted after activation of protein kinase C via a novel pathway requiring an intact microtubule network.
Chief Justice Roberts is Correct: Justices are Different From Other Judges (2012)

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Latent Topic Networks: A Versatile Probabilistic Programming Framework for Topic Models (2015)

Topic models have become increasingly prominent text-analytic machine learning tools for research in the social sciences and the humanities. In particular, custom topic models can be developed to answer specific research questions. The design of these models requires a nontrivial amount of effort and expertise, motivating general-purpose topic modeling frameworks. In this paper we introduce latent topic networks, a flexible class of richly structured topic models designed to facilitate applied research. Custom models can straightforwardly be developed in our framework with an intuitive first-order logical probabilistic programming language. Latent topic networks admit scalable training via a parallelizable EM algorithm which leverages ADMMin the M-step. We demonstrate the broad applicability of the models with case studies on modeling influence in citation networks, and U.S. Presidential State of the Union addresses.
Cytoplasmic loading of dyes, protein and plasmid DNA using an impact-mediated procedure. (1994)

We describe a method and apparatus designed to rapidly and reproducibly produce transient, survivable plasma membrane disruptions--"wounds"--in order to gain access to the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells growing in culture. Compressed gas is used to propel glass beads, dispersed as a uniform aerosol, at adherent cells growing on a culture substratum. The impact of beads with the cells creates plasma membrane wounds. Macromolecules, such as dyes, proteins and plasmid DNAs, diffuse from the extracellular environment directly into the cytoplasmic compartment of the cell through these wounds. Resealing of the plasma membrane, necessary for cell survival, traps macromolecules within the cytoplasm of the cell.
Advanced Methods for Target Navigation using Microelectrode Recordings in Stereotactic Neurosurgery for Deep Brain Stimulation (2008)

This study describes novel methods for navigating and placing of electrodes into specific structures in the basal ganglia for deep brain stimulation (DBS), as it is common in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Critical to these procedures in neurosurgery is the localization and identification of different target structures such as subthalamic nucleus (STN) along the electrode's trajectory and finding the best position for the stimulating electrode. Typically, microelectrode recordings (MER) of local neural activity along up to five parallel trajectories are used by neurosurgeons for detecting the target region and creating the anatomic positions of the electrodes by imagination. We developed a method for automatic classification of the MER signals, which provides an electrode model with patient specific borders of the STN. In addition, a method is provided for finding the best matching of the electrode model with a 3D model of the STN. As a result, a 2.5D visualization of the target region is produced with the most probable positions of the electrodes and their intersections.
Tries for approximate string matching (1996)

Tries offer text searches with costs which are independent of the size of the document being searched, and so are important for large documents requiring spelling checkers, case insensitivity, and limited approximate regular secondary storage. Approximate searches, in which the search pattern differs from the document by k substitutions, transpositions, insertions or deletions, have hitherto been carried out only at costs linear in the size of the document. We present a trie based method whose cost is independent of document size. Our experiments show that this new method significantly outperforms the nearest competitor for k=0 and k=1, which are arguably the most important cases. The linear cost (in k) of the other methods begins to catch up, for our small files, only at k=2. For larger files, complexity arguments indicate that tries will outperform the linear methods for larger values of k. The indexes combine suffixes and so are compact in storage. When the text itself does not need to be stored, as in a spelling checker, we even obtain negative overhead: 50% compression. We discuss a variety of applications and extensions, including best match (for spelling checkers), case insensitivity, and limited approximate regular expression matching.
Magnetic properties of mesoscopic ultrathin magnetic films with uniaxial anisotropy (2000)

We study magnetic properties of micron- and submicron-scale ultrathin ferromagnetic films with uniaxial anisotropy by means of a two-dimensional Ising model with both exchange and dipolar interactions using both a mean field approximation and a Monte Carlo method. We find that, in those films, the size of the surface area is an important parameter to determine their magnetic properties. In particular, we find three lattice size ranges A, B, and C. In the range A (small lattices), the model exhibits properties similar to those of a usual Ising model. In the range B (moderate lattices), the specific heat exhibits a double peak around T1 and T2 (&amp;lt;T1) and the magnetization increases abruptly around T2 like that in the first order phase transition. In the range C (large lattices), the magnetization does not increase but the specific heat still exhibits a double peak. In usual materials, the crossover length between the ranges A and B will be of order of submicrons. Then a special attention should be paid to their sizes for analyzing their magnetic properties.
Influence of Fluoro, Chloro and Alkyl Alcohols on the Folding Pathway of Human Serum Albumin (2005)

Urea-induced equilibrium unfolding of human serum albumin (HSA) when studied by mean residue ellipticity at 222 nm (MRE(222)) or intrinsic fluorescence measurements showed a two-step, three-state transition with a stable intermediate around 4.6-5.2 M urea. The presence of 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) resulted in a single-step, two-state transition with a significant shift towards higher urea concentration, suggesting the stabilizing effect of TFE. The free energy of stabilization (DeltaDeltaG(D)(H(2)O)) in the presence of 3.0 M TFE was determined to be 2.68 and 2.72 kcal/mol by MRE(222) and fluorescence measurements, respectively. The stabilizing potential of other alcohols on the refolding behavior of HSA at 5.0 M urea (where the intermediate exists) as studied by MRE(222) and intrinsic fluorescence measurements showed the following order: 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) > TFE > 2-chloroethanol > tert-butanol > iso-propanol > ethanol > methanol. Further, the extent of refolding at the highest concentration of alcohol was similar in all cases. The stabilizing effect of TFE on guanidine hydrochloride (GdnHCl)-induced unfolding of HSA was nearly equal to that found for urea denaturation, as reflected in the DeltaDeltaG(D)(H(2)O) value (2.38 kcal/mol). Taken together, these results suggest that the stabilizing effect of TFE and other alcohols on urea/GdnHCl-induced unfolding of HSA is higher for alcohols that contain bulky groups or fluorine atoms.
Effects of normalization on quantitative traits in association test (2009)

For small sample size or genetic effects, the improvement in sensitivity for rank transformation outweighs the slight increase in false positive rate. However, for large sample size and genetic effects, normalization may not be necessary since the increase in sensitivity is relatively modest.
Laser microporation of the skin: prospects for painless application of protective and therapeutic vaccines (2013)

Needle-free and painless vaccination approaches have the potential to replace standard methods due to their improved safety and optimal patient compliance. The use of fractional laser devices for stepwise ablation of skin layers might be advantageous for both vaccination against microbial pathogens, as well as immunotherapeutic approaches, such as allergen-specific immunotherapy. Thorough investigation of the underlying immunological mechanisms will help to provide the knowledge for a rational design of transcutaneous protective/therapeutic vaccines.
A novel data mining algorithm for mathematics teaching evaluation (2014)

With relative theory about technology of data mining and recommender model of user’s interest, this paper presents the method of MWFP-TREE based on the combination between recommender model idea of user’s weight and the minimum weighted FP-TREE method. Compared to traditional method, this method does not only carry out dimension reduction of raw data to improve the efficiency of a constructing tree but it also performs association rule mining and improves mining effect. This method is applied to mathematics teaching evaluation in one university and it finds out different evaluations from different students respectively considering students’ information and teachers’ information while it is not similar to traditional thought which is only to perform mining direction based on teachers’ information. Towards mining regulations and results, it provides significant referential values for objectivity of teaching evaluation and teaching directions.
Search for Improved Host Architectures:  Application of de Novo Structure-Based Design and High-Throughput Screening Methods To Identify Optimal Building Blocks for Multidentate Ethers (2005)

This paper presents a computational approach to the deliberate design of improved host architectures. The approach, which involves the use of computer-aided design software, is illustrated by application to cation hosts containing multiple aliphatic ether oxygen binding sites. De novo molecule building software, HostDesigner, is interfaced with molecular mechanics software, GMMX, providing a tool for generating and screening millions of potential bidentate building block structures. Enhanced cation binding affinity can be achieved when highly organized building blocks are used to construct macrocyclic hosts.
Design and specification of role based access control policies (2000)

The authors describe a language based approach to the specification of authorisation policies that can be used to support the range of access control policies in commercial object systems. They discuss the issues involved in the design of a language for role based access control systems. The notion of roles is used as a primitive construct within the language. The basic constructs of the language are discussed and the language is used to specify several access control policies such as role based access control; static and dynamic separation of duty delegation and joint action based access policies. The language is flexible and is able to capture meta-level operations, and it is often these features which are significant when it comes to the applicability of an access control system to practical real situations.
Toxicity ofBacillus thuringiensisCrylAb Toxin to the PredatorChrysoperla carnea(Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) (1998)

Laboratory feeding studies were carried out to determine the effects of the Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) CrylAb toxin on developmental time and mortality of Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) larvae. A bioassay technique was developed that allowed for incorporation of the CrylAb toxin into a liquid diet that was then encapsulated within small paraffin spheres. Because only 2nd and 3rd instars can penetrate the surface of the paraffin spheres, 2 different methods were used to rear chrysopid larvae through the 1st instar. The 1st method used small foam cubes soaked in non-encapsulated, liquid diet (with or without CrylAb). The 2nd method used Ephestia kuehniella (Hübner) eggs as prey during the first instar (no CrylAb exposure). After reaching the 2nd instar, all larvae received encapsulated, artificial diet with or without CrylAb, respectively. When reared only on artificial diet containing CrylAb toxin, total immature mortality was significantly higher (57%) than in the respective untreated control (30%). Also, significantly more chrysopid larvae died (29%) that received CrylAb later during their larval development compared with the respective control (17%). Although mortality was consistently higher, no or only small differences in developmental times were observed between CrylAb-treated and untreated C. carnea larvae. C. carnea larvae required significantly more time to complete larval development when reared on artificial diet only than when reared first on E. kuehniella eggs followed by encapsulated artificial diet or on only E. kuehniella eggs, regardless of exposure to CrylAb. These results demonstrate that CrylAb is toxic to C. carnea at 100 μ mg/ml of diet by using encapsulated artificial diet.
Altered cell cycle responses to insulin‐like growth factor I, but not platelet‐derived growth factor and epidermal growth factor, in senescing human fibroblasts (1990)

Human diploid fibroblasts (HDF) were used to study aging-related changes in the proliferative response to platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I, somatomedin-C) in serum-free, chemically defined culture medium. Cell cycle kinetic parameters were determined by using 5-bromodeoxyuridine incorporation and flow cytometric analysis with the DNA stain Hoechst 33258. This allowed analysis of the growth factor response to be focussed exclusively upon of the cycling faction of cells within the culture, even in senescent cell cultures which contained predominantly nondividing cells. PDGF and EGF exert their primary effect upon regulation of the proportion of cycling cells in the culture. The doses of PDGF and EGF that produced a half-maximal cycling fraction, analogous to Km, showed no large or consistent difference between young- and old-passage cells. In contrast, IGF-I primarily affects the rate of transition of cells from G1 into S phase, and the dose of IGF-I which produced a half-maximal rate of G1 exit increased up to 130-fold in older-passage cells. Unexpectedly, supraphysiologic concentrations of IGF-I were found to increase the G1 exit rate of the dividing subpopulation of cells in older-passage cultures to rates higher than those seen in young cultures. In summary, among cells capable of cycling in aging cultures, there were few changes in the regulation of the growth fraction by PDGF and EGF, but there was a greatly increased dependence on IGF-I for regulation of the rate of entry into S phase. The slower growth of the dividing population of cells in aging cultures may be related to a requirement for IGF-I at levels which are greatly above those usually supplied.
The effect of a change in the catalyst on the enthalpy of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (2008)

Many of the people I meet for the first time seem impressed to learn that I am a chemistry professor. This makes me feel good until they go on to tell me how much they disliked chemistry when they were in school. I love chemistry and most of the chemistry teachers I know love it too, yet it seems we have difficulty transferring our joy to so many of our students. This, I believe, is one of the major challenges facing our profession.