gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A model for schema integration in heterogeneous databases (2003)

Schema integration is the process by which schemata from heterogeneous databases are conceptually integrated into a single cohesive schema. In this work we propose a modeling framework for schema integration, capturing the inherent uncertainty accompanying the integration process. The model utilizes a fuzzy framework to express a confidence measure, associated with the outcome of a schema integration process. In this paper we provide a systematic analysis of the process properties and establish a criterion for evaluating the quality of matching algorithms, which map attributes among heterogeneous schemata.
Development of M<sub>1</sub>mAChR Allosteric and Bitopic Ligands: Prospective Therapeutics for the Treatment of Cognitive Deficits (2013)

Since the cholinergic hypothesis of memory dysfunction was first reported, extensive research efforts have focused on elucidating the mechanisms by which this intricate system contributes to the regulation of processes such as learning, memory, and higher executive function. Several cholinergic therapeutic targets for the treatment of cognitive deficits, psychotic symptoms, and the underlying pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia, have since emerged. Clinically approved drugs now exist for some of these targets; however, they all may be considered suboptimal therapeutics in that they produce undesirable off-target activity leading to side effects, fail to address the wide variety of symptoms and underlying pathophysiology that characterize these disorders, and/or afford little to no therapeutic effect in subsets of patient populations. A promising target for which there are presently no approved therapies is the M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M1 mAChR). Despite avid investigation, development of agents that selectively activate this receptor via the orthosteric site has been hampered by the high sequence homology of the binding site between the five muscarinic receptor subtypes and the wide distribution of this receptor family in both the central nervous system (CNS) and the periphery. Hence, a plethora of ligands targeting less structurally conserved allosteric sites of the M1 mAChR have been investigated. This Review aims to explain the rationale behind allosterically targeting the M1 mAChR, comprehensively summarize and critically evaluate the M1 mAChR allosteric ligand literature to date, highlight the challenges inherent in allosteric ligand investigation that are impeding their clinical advancement, and discuss potential methods for resolving these issues.
AGREEMENT BETWEEN EXPERT‐SYSTEM AND HUMAN RATERS' SCORES ON COMPLEX CONSTRUCTED‐RESPONSE QUANTITATIVE ITEMS (1991)

This study evaluated agreement between expert‐system and human scores on 12 constructed‐response algebra word problems taken by Graduate Record Examination General Test examinees. Problems were drawn from three content classes (rate × time, work, and interest) and presented in four constructed‐response formats (open ended, goal specification, equation setup, and faulty solution). Agreement was evaluated for each item separately by comparing the system's scores to the mean scores taken across five content experts. The expert system produced scores for all responses and duplicated the judgments of raters with reasonable accuracy; the median of 12 correlations between the system and human scores was .88, and the largest average discrepancy was 1.2 on a 16‐point scale. No obvious differences in scoring agreement between constructed‐response formats or content classes emerged. Ideas are discussed for using expert scoring systems in large‐scale assessment programs and in interactive diagnostic assessment.
Long acting cAMP analogues enhance sulfate incorporation into matrix proteoglycans and suppress cell division of fetal rat chondrocytes in monolayer culture (1979)

The relationship between replication and the synthesis of matrix sulfated proteoglycans was investigated with fetal rat chondrocytes grown in monolayer culture. The effect of N6 O2' dibutyryl adenosine 3', 5' cyclic monophosphate (DBcAMP), adenosine 3', 5' cyclic monophosphate (cAMP), 8 Bromo adenosine 3', 5' cyclic monophosphate (8 Br-cAMP), sodium butyrate and hydroxyurea was examined. Between 0.05 and 0.5 mM DBcAMP, a dose related inhibition of cell division and stimulation of [35SO=/4] incorporation into matrix proteoglycans was demonstrated. At the higher concentrations of DBcAMP, cell division was completely inhibited and the enhancement of [35SO=/4] incorporation into matrix proteoglycans ranged between 40 and 120% (P less than 0.01). Utilizing 14C-glucosamine and photometric determination of proteoglycans with Alcian Blue, it was demonstrated that the increase in sulfate incorporation reflected enhanced accumulation of extracellular matrix. The effects of DBcAMP were mimicked by 8 Br-cAMP, suggesting they were mediated by the adenylyl cyclase system. cAMP (0.05-0.5 mM), sodium butyrate (0.1-0.5 mM) and hydroxyurea (0.5-5 mM) partially or fully inhibited cell division, but either failed or only slightly enhanced sulfate incorporation. The enhanced sulfated proteoglycan deposition promoted by DBcAMP began 8 to 12 hours after serum stimulation, its onset occurred prior to thymidine incorporation and the effect persisted for 28 hours. Determination of cell volume demonstrated an increase in size of DBcAMP treated chondrocytes between 8 to 12 hours, coincident with the onset of increased sulfate incorporation. These results are consistent with a model where matrix sulfated proteoglycan deposition by chondrocytes is mediated by intracellular cAMP levels and occurs in the G1 phase of the cell cycle.
Test of Zero-point Energy Emission from Gases Flowing Through Casimir Cavities (2012)

Abstract A recently issued patent [1] describes a method by which vacuum energy is extracted from gas flowing through a Casimir cavity. According to stochastic electrodynamics, the electronic orbitals in atoms are supported by the ambient zero-point (ZP) field. When the gas atoms are pumped into a Casimir cavity, where long-wavelength ZP field modes are excluded, the electrons spin down into lower energy orbitals and release energy in the process. This energy is collected in a local absorber. When the electrons exit the Casimir cavity they are re-energized to their original orbitals by the ambient ZP fields. The process is repeated to produce continuous power. In this way, the device functions like a heat pump for ZP energy, extracting it globally from the electromagnetic quantum vacuum and collecting it in a local absorber. This energy can be used for heating, or converted to electric power. We carried out a series of experiments to test whether energy is, in fact, radiated from Casimir cavities when the appropriate gas flows through them. The Casimir cavity devices we tested were nanopore polycarbonate membranes with submicron pores having a density of 3x10 8 pores/cm 2 . Gas was pumped through the membranes in a stainless steel vacuum system, and emitted energy was measured using a broadband pyroelectric detector and lock-in amplifier. Emission in the infrared was clearly observed. We analyzed the emission from different gases and cavities to determine its origin. None of the conventional thermodynamic models we applied to our data fully explain it, leaving open the possibility that it is due to Casimir-cavity-induced emission from ZP fields.
On the Jet Etching of N-Type Si (1959)

The rate of jet electropolishing of low resistivity n‐Si is controlled by two factors: supply of injected minority carriers and rate of dissolution of the film. The current through the oxide changes from ionic to electronic, i.e., the silicon becomes passive, if the oxide thickness increases beyond a critical value. The hole supply determines the amount of etching which can occur when the Si is not passivated by a thick oxide layer.
Learning and predicting on-road pedestrian behavior around vehicles (2017)

Pedestrian safety is critical from the standpoint of autonomous vehicles. We address the problem of reliable long term (<; 5 sec) prediction of on-road pedestrian trajectories using track histories generated with two vehicle mounted cameras. Due to the relatively unconstrained nature of pedestrian motion, model based trajectory prediction approaches become unreliable for long term prediction. Data-driven approaches offer a viable alternative, but are susceptible to bias toward dominant motion patterns in the training set. This leads to poor prediction for under-represented motion patterns, which can be disastrous from a safety perspective. In this work, we extend the Variational Gaussian Mixture model (VGMM) based probabilistic trajectory prediction framework in [1]. We sub-categorize pedestrian trajectories in an unsupervised manner based on their estimated sources and destinations, and train a separate VGMM for each sub-category. We show that the sub-category VGMMs outperform a monolithic VGMM of equivalent complexity, especially for longer prediction intervals. We further analyze the errors made by the two models and the distributions learnt by them, to demonstrate that the sub-category VGMMs better model under-represented motion patterns.
The BikeNet mobile sensing system for cyclist experience mapping (2007)

We describe our experiences deploying BikeNet, an extensible mobile sensing system for cyclist experience mapping leveraging opportunistic sensor networking principles and techniques. BikeNet represents a multifaceted sensing system and explores personal, bicycle, and environmental sensing using dynamically role-assigned bike area networking based on customized Moteiv Tmote Invent motes and sensor-enabled Nokia N80 mobile phones. We investigate real-time and delay-tolerant uploading of data via a number of sensor access points (SAPs) to a networked repository. Among bicycles that rendezvous en route we explore inter-bicycle networking via data muling. The repository provides a cyclist with data archival, retrieval, and visualization services. BikeNet promotes the social networking of the cycling community through the provision of a web portal that facilitates back end sharing of real-time and archived cycling-related data from the repository. We present: a description and prototype implementation of the system architecture, an evaluation of sensing and inference that quantifies cyclist performance and the cyclist environment; a report on networking performance in an environment characterized by bicycle mobility and human unpredictability; and a description of BikeNet system user interfaces. Visit [4] to see how the BikeNet system visualizes a user's rides.
<i>Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics: From Air Pollution to Climate Change</i> (1998)

1 The Atmosphere. 2 Atmospheric Trace Constituents. 3 Chemical Kinetics. 4 Atmospheric Radiation and Photochemistry. 5 Chemistry of the Stratosphere. 6 Chemistry of the Troposphere. 7 Chemistry of the Atmospheric Aqueous Phase. 8 Properties of the Atmospheric Aerosol. 9 Dynamics of Single Aerosol Particles. 10 Thermodynamics of Aerosols. 11 Nucleation. 12 Mass Transfer Aspects of Atmospheric Chemistry. 13 Dynamics of Aerosol Populations. 14 Organic Atmospheric Aerosols. 15 Interaction of Aerosols with Radiation. 16 Meteorology of the Local Scale. 17 Cloud Physics. 18 Atmospheric Diffusion. 19 Dry Deposition. 20 Wet Deposition. 21 General Circulation of the Atmosphere. 22 Global Cycles: Sulfur and Carbon. 23 Climate and Chemical Composition of the Atmosphere. 24 Aerosols and Climate. 25 Atmospheric Chemical Transport Models. 26 Statistical Models.
Interactive electronic advertising (2002)

Electronic content (information) distribution networks are moving from drawing boards into test beds, and may soon provide consumers access to rich media-based electronic content in both business and home settings. This paper predicts that electronic advertising will become an integral component of any such content distribution networks that will provide electronic content to consumers at rates affordable to consumers. A model for electronic advertising subsiding electronic content consumption is developed. This will help consumers to affordably consume a wide variety of electronic content, while also providing a new service for consumers without invading the consumer's personal space.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
New azomycin acyclonucleoside. Synthesis and biodistribution of radiohalogenated analogues in tumor‐bearing mice (1993)

Abstract The design, synthesis and biological activities of several acyclonucleoside analogues related to misoni‐dazole are described. The hydroxy‐ 5 , bromo‐ 6 , iodo‐ 7 , and fluoro‐ 8 derivatives of ethoxymethylazomycin and iodopropenyloxymethylazomycin ( 12 ) have been prepared. Alkylation of silylated azomycin with haloethoxy‐methylene chloride gave the corresponding acyclonucleosides. Similarly, propargyloxymethylene chloride gave propargyloxymethylazomycin ( 10 ), which after hydrostannylation and subsequent iododestannylation yielded iodopropenyloxymethylazomycin ( 12 ). The radiolabeled [ 125 I] or [ 18 F] compounds were prepared from the corresponding substrates. Biodistribution results of the radiolabeled analogues in mice showed that compound 7 had good tumor uptake (2.0% injected dose/g at 1 hour). The high radioactive levels in blood and stomach, however, were perhaps due to in vivo deiodination or metabolism. Compound [ 125 I]‐ 12 showed the highest tumor uptake (4.8 and 3.6% injected dose/g at 1 and 4 hours respectively) of all of the compounds tested. Relatively low thyroid uptake of radioactivity in mice dosed with compound [ 125 I]‐ 12 indicates significantly reduced in vivo deiodination in comparison to compound [ 125 I]‐ 7.
An Efficient Indexing Mechanism for Data Deduplication (2009)

At present, there is a vast amount of duplicated data or redundant data in storage systems. Data de-duplication can eliminate multiple copies of the same file and duplicated segments or chunks of data within those files. In these days, therefore, data de-duplication becomes an interesting field in storage environments especially in persistent data storage for data centers. Many data deduplication mechanisms have been proposed for efficient data deduplication in order to safe storage space. Current issue for data deduplication is to avoid full-chunk indexing to identify the incoming data is new, which is time consuming process. In this paper, we propose an efficient indexing mechanism for this problem using the advantage of B+ tree properties. In our proposed system, we will first separate the file into variable-length chunks using Two Thresholds Two Divisors chunking algorithm. ChunkIDs are then obtained by applying hash function to the chunks. The resulted ChunkIDs are used to build as indexing keys in B+ tree like index structure. So the searching time for the duplicate file chunks reduces from O (n) to O (log n), which can avoid the risk of full chunk indexing.
The type III TGF-β receptor regulates epithelial and cancer cell migration through β-arrestin2-mediated activation of Cdc42 (2009)

Loss of expression of the TGF-beta superfamily coreceptor, the type III TGF-beta receptor (TbetaRIII or betaglycan), occurs in a broad spectrum of human cancers including breast, lung, ovarian, pancreatic, prostate, and renal cell cancer. TbetaRIII suppresses cancer progression in vivo, at least in part, by reducing cancer cell motility. However, the mechanism by which TbetaRIII regulates migration is unknown. Here, we demonstrate an unexpected TGF-beta signaling independent role for TbetaRIII in activating Cdc42, altering the actin cytoskeleton and reducing directional persistence to inhibit random migration of both cancer and normal epithelial cells. Functionally, TbetaRIII through its interaction with the scaffolding protein beta-arrestin2, activates Cdc42 and inhibits migration. These studies identify a TGF-beta independent homeostatic function for TbetaRIII in regulating cell migration.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of Human Neuropeptide S Analogues Modified in Position 5: Identification of Potent and Pure Neuropeptide S Receptor Antagonists (2008)

Neuropeptide S (NPS), the endogenous ligand of a previously orphan receptor now named NPSR, regulates various biological functions in the brain, including arousal, locomotion, anxiety, and food intake. Here we report on a focused structure-activity study of Gly5, which has been replaced with L and D amino acids. Fifteen NPS related peptides were synthesized and pharmacologically tested for intracellular calcium mobilization using HEK293 cells stably expressing the mouse NPSR. The results of this study demonstrated that peptide potency is inversely related to the side chain size, while peptide efficacy strongly depends on the relative L and D configuration, with the L amino acids favoring agonist while D amino acids display antagonist pharmacological activity. [D-Val5]NPS behaved as NPSR pure antagonist in HEK293(mNPSR) cells showing the highest potency (pK(B) 7.56) among this series of peptides. The antagonist action of [D-Val5]NPS was confirmed in vivo in mice, where the peptide at a dose of 10 nmol completely blocked the stimulatory effect of 0.1 nmol NPS on locomotor activity.
A feature tracking method for motion parameter estimation in a model-based coding application (1989)

Presents a method by which the dynamics of facial movement may be parameterised for application in a model-based image coding scheme. A tracking algorithm is described whereby the bounding boxes of the eyes, nose and mouth of the subject are initially located and then tracked over subsequent frames using both block matching and code-book search techniques. The six degrees of freedom required to define the position and orientation of the head are derived from the tracked box positions by means of a motion parameter estimation algorithm. Implementation of the algorithm involves interpreting the spatial distribution of the box positions and relating them to a simplified topological three-dimensional model of the face. >
Magnetic Drug Targeting—Biodistribution of the Magnetic Carrier and the Chemotherapeutic agent Mitoxantrone after Locoregional Cancer Treatment (2003)

This work was made possible by the generous contribution of the Margarete Ammon Foundation, Munich, Germany and the DFG (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, AL 552/2-1+2). Parts of this study were presented at the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics: Discovery, Biology, and Clinical Applications, October 29-November 2, 2001, Miami Beach, Florida, USA.Magnetic Drug Targeting means the specific delivery of chemotherapeutic agents to their desired targets, e.g. tumors, by using magnetic nanoparticles (ferrofluids) bound to these agents and an external magnetic field which is focused on the tumor. This type of target directed drug injection attempts to concentrate a pharmacologic agent by enhancing its efficacy while simultaneously minimizing deleterious side effects. In previous studies, we have been able to demonstrate the efficacy of this type of localized intraarterial chemotherapy in VX2 squamous cell carcinoma among rabbits [Alexiou, C, Arnold, W., Klein, R.J., Parak, EG., Hulin, P., Bergemann, C, Erhardt, W., Wagenpfeil, S. and Liibbe, A.S. "Locoregional cancer treatment with Magnetic Drug Targeting", Cancer Res. 60 (2000) 6641-6648]. In the present investigation, we have studied the biodistribution of ferrofluids and chemotherapeutic agent by measuring the amount in the tumor, peritumoral area, various organs and body fluids (e.g. blood and urine), with and without Magnetic Drug Targeting. We compared results to that of administering a chemotherapeutic agent soley. An external magnetic field was directed toward the tumor for 60min. Biodistribution of ferrofluids in the tumor was investigated using histological cross sections and measured semi-quantitatively using 123I-labeled nanoparticles and quantitatively by the use of radioactive 59Fe-ferrofluids. Mitoxantrone was quantitatively measured using HPLC-analysis. The strength of the external magnetic field was 0.6 Tesla (permanent magnet) in the 123iodine study and 1.7 Tesla (electromagnet) in the 59Fe-study and HPLC-analysis.The concentration of the ferrofluids (FFs) in the tumor region i.e. the tumor tissue and the surrounding area, which was under the influence of an external magnetic field, was found to be much higher than in the absence of one. In contrast to systemic chemotherapy, a much higher concentration of mitoxantrone in the tumor and the peritumoral area (region surrounding the tumor < 1 cm), by using only 50% and 20% of the normal dose was seen. Thus, the higher concentration of mitoxantrone could explain the therapeutic efficacy of Magnetic Drug Targeting in treatment of VX2 squamous cell carcinoma in rabbits in our previous studies with the advantage of no adverse clinical side effects.
799. Mechanism of elimination reactions. Part XX. The inessentiality of steric strain in bimolecular olefin elimination (1960)

D. V. Banthorpe, E. D. Hughes and C. Ingold, J. Chem. Soc., 1960, 4054 DOI: 10.1039/JR9600004054
Inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum Protein Synthesis (1997)

The human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum has two extrachromosomal DNAs associated with organelles whose function is unclear. Both genomes encode ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) that are distinct from the nuclear-encoded rRNAs. Secondary structure analysis of all the P. falciparum rRNAs indicates that only the large subunit (LSU) rRNA encoded by the plastid-like genome is the target for thiostrepton. Indeed we find that thiostrepton inhibits growth of the parasite in the micromolar range which is 10-fold below concentrations with observable effects on total protein synthesis. We have further examined selective effects of thiostrepton on the plastid function by comparing differential effects of the drug on cytoplasmic and organellar encoded transcripts. Treatment with either thiostrepton or rifampin, an inhibitor of organellar and eubacterial RNA polymerase, both showed disappearance of organellar-encoded RNA transcripts within 6 h of treatment while transcripts of a nuclear-encoded mRNA remained constant for at least 8 h of treatment. Hence, we show a selective effect on organelle function that is suggestive of interference in the protein synthesis apparatus of the plastid. Sensitivity of P. falciparum to thiostrepton confirms that the plastid-like genome is essential for the erythrocytic cycle and presents a novel therapeutic site for this class of antibiotics.