gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polymer surface reflectance‐absorptance characteristics (1974)

Abstract During an investigation of the time for ignition of polymeric materials under the influence of radiant heating, it was found that the polymer surface reflectance‐absorptance characteristics were a major factor in the variance of the ignition times. A subsequent research study was made of the reflectance‐absorptance characteristics of those polymers used in the ignition testing. Reflectance values were obtained over the wavelength of 0.3 to 2.5 microns using a double‐beam Cary model 14 spectrophotometer with an integrating sphere reflectometer and over the wavelengths of 1.0 to 10.0 microns using a Gier‐Dunkle Hohlraum with a Perkin‐Elmer spectrophotometer. Absorptance values were obtained by means of Kirchoff's Law, Drawings and graphs are included which illustrate the test apparatus and type of data collected. A table of average absorptances of several polymers are given and listed according to the particular type of heat source used. Average absorptances of the polymers over the monochromatic wavelength span of the heat sources were calculated using the equation Mathematical analyses were developed and are presented for both the integrating sphere reflectometer and Gier‐Dunkle Hohlraum unit. Drawings and graphs are included which illustrate the test apparatus and type of data collected. A table of average absorptances of several polymers are given and listed according to the particular type of heat source used.
Ectopic expression of guanylyl cyclase C in adenocarcinomas of the esophagus and stomach. (2002)

Guanylyl cyclase C (GC-C), a receptor specifically expressed in cells originating from differentiated intestinal epithelium, is a marker and therapeutic target for colorectal cancer metastases. Intestinal metaplasia, in which epithelial cells assume histological and molecular characteristics of differentiated intestinal enterocytes, is a common precursor to adenocarcinomas of the esophagus and stomach. Thus, those tumors, tissues adjacent to them, and their associated regional lymph nodes were assessed for GC-C expression by reverse transcription coupled with the PCR. GC-C mRNA was detected in five of five and eight of nine esophageal and gastric adenocarcinomas, respectively. Also, GC-C mRNA was detected in three of five and six of seven tissues adjacent to, but not histologically involved in, esophageal and gastric adenocarcinomas, respectively, reflecting molecular changes associated with neoplastic transformation preceding histopathological changes. In contrast, three normal gastric specimens did not express GC-C. Furthermore, GC-C mRNA was detected in 1 of 1 lymph node containing tumor cells by histopathology from a patient with gastric adenocarcinoma and in 3 of 11 lymph nodes, all of which were free of tumor cells by histopathology, from a patient with a gastroesophageal junction tumor. This is the first demonstration that GC-C is ectopically expressed by primary and metastatic adenocarcinomas of the esophagus and stomach and suggests that GC-C may be a sensitive and specific clinical marker and target for adenocarcinomas of the upper gastrointestinal tract.
Performance tradeoff between lateral and interdigitated doping patterns for high speed carrier-depletion based silicon modulators (2012)

Carrier-depletion based silicon modulators with lateral and interdigitated PN junctions are compared systematically on the same fabrication platform. The interdigitated diode is shown to outperform the lateral diode in achieving a low VπLπ of 0.62 V∙cm with comparable propagation loss at the expense of a higher depletion capacitance. The low VπLπ of the interdigitated PN junction is employed to demonstrate 10 Gbit/s modulation with 7.5 dB extinction ration from a 500 µm long device whose static insertion loss is 2.8 dB. In addition, up to 40 Gbit/s modulation is demonstrated for a 3 mm long device comprising a lateral diode and a co-designed traveling wave electrode.
<i>PEI1</i>, an Embryo-Specific Zinc Finger Protein Gene Required for Heart-Stage Embryo Formation in Arabidopsis (1998)

We used virtual subtraction, a new gene isolation strategy, to isolate several genes of interest that are expressed in Arabidopsis embryos. These genes have demonstrated biological properties or have the potential to be involved in important biological processes. One gene isolated by virtual subtraction is PEI. It encodes a protein containing a Cys3His zinc finger domain associated with a number of animal and fungal transcription factors. In situ hybridization results showed that PEI1 is expressed throughout the embryo from globular to late cotyledon stage. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing a PEI1 antisense gene produced white seeds in which embryo development did not progress through heart stage. Aberrant embryos failed to form cotyledons, but the embryonic root appeared to be normal. Aberrant embryos did not turn green, and the expression of genes involved in photomorphogenesis was drastically attenuated. In culture, aberrant embryos did not form true leaves, but root formation was apparently normal. These results suggest that PEI1 is an embryo-specific transcription factor that plays an important role during Arabidopsis embryogenesis, functioning primarily in the apical domain of the embryo.
Photobleaching for optical waveguide formation in a guest–host polyimide (1999)

We present a methodology for determining the bleaching characteristics of dye-doped polymers. Our general phenomenological model predicts the absorption spectrum as well as the change in index of refraction as a function of wavelength for a bleached film. Determination of the parameters of the model requires only measurements of physical film characteristics (e.g., thickness, dye concentration), absorption features, and one index of refraction point. Our technique requires no detailed knowledge of the chemistry or physics of the polymer dye system. We have demonstrated the efficacy of our methodology by characterizing a guest-host system of 4-dicyanomethylene-2-methyl-6-(p-dimethylaminostyryl)-4-H-pyran in Amoco 4212 polyimide. Based on our results, we speculate that it should be straightforward to generate model parameter values to characterize the bleaching of other dye-doped polymer systems.
Construction of a Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering Diffractometer for the Study of Fluctuations in Solutions (1989)

A small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) diffractometer for the measurement of SAXS from solutions composed of molecules with low molecular weight has been constructed. In this diffractometer, a bent LiF monochromator, whose radius of curvature is 1828 mm, a sample holder with 25 µm-thick aluminium windows, and a PSPC system are used. A small-angle resolution of better than 6 mrad is achieved. To estimate the efficiency of the diffractometer, the measurement of the absolute intensity of some pure liquids was accomplished. Consequently, it has been ascertained that the diffractometer is a competent apparatus for the measurements within the accuracy of 3% of the absolute intensity.
Multicenter evaluation of dual-therapy (omeprazol and amoxycillin) for Helicobacter pylori-associated duodenal and gastric ulcer (two years of the observation). (1997)

Treatment with the proton pump inhibitor (omeprazole) and single antibiotic (amoxycillin), two synergistic compounds, can cure Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, but this therapy is not as effective as had been expected. However, some studies show promising results. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of two weeks dual-therapy with omeprazole (O) and amoxycillin (A) on gastric (GU) and duodenal ulcer (DU) patients: ulcer healing, eradication of the H. pylori and recurrence rate of the ulcer. We studied 216 patients (aged 18-70) endoscopically proven GU (58 patients) and DU (158 patients). Rapid urease test from the two antrum biopses and two antral and two corporeal biopses using Giemsa stain method for confirmation of the H. pylori infection were used. The patients were treated with omeprazole 20 mg BID and amoxycillin 1.0 g BID for 2 weeks and investigated every 4 months during 2 years. Clearance effect of Hp infection was achieved in 65.1% GU and 66.4% DU patients. Eradication ("check point" after 4 months) in 43% DU and 56.6% GU patients was confirmed. Reinfection rate was found in 16% during 2 years. We conclude--dual-therapy (O and A) is not sufficiently effective to be recommended as an anti-H. pylori treatment. H. pylori eradication prevents recurrence of peptic ulcer and is an important issue in attempts to achieve permanent ulcer healing.
Phase identification in smart grids (2011)

Electricity is distributed throughout the electrical power network in 3-phase voltage. This power reaches households as a single-phase voltage, generally 115vac or 240vac. This is achieved by allocating households with either phases A, B, or C of the final 3-phase power distributed to the street through a low voltage transformer. A present problem confronting the electrical power industry is identification of which particular phase a household is connected to. This information is often not tracked and the mechanisms for identifying phase require either manual intervention or costly signal injection technologies. Phase information is important as it is a foundation for the larger problem of balancing phase loads. Unbalanced phases lead to significant energy losses and sharply reduced asset lifetimes. In this paper we propose a new approach to compute household phase. Our techniques are novel as they are purely based upon a time series of electrical power measurements taken at the household and at the distributing transformer. Our methods involve the use of integer programming and solutions can be retrieved using branch and bound search algorithms implemented by MIP solvers such as CPLEX. Furthermore, as the number of measurements increase, continuous relaxations of integer programs may also be used to retrieve household phase efficiently. Simulation results using a combination of synthetic and real smart meter datasets demonstrate the performance of our techniques and the number of measurements needed to uniquely identify household phase.
[Investigations on the occurrence as well as the role of Demodex follicuforum and Demodex brevis in the pathogensis of blepharitis]. (2005)

(1) Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis are an etiological factor in chronic blepharitis. (2) With age the prevalence of infection of Demodex rises. (3) People taking care of the elderly and students of Medical Schools are at higher risk of being infected with Demodex.
Reduced resolution update mode extension to the H.264 standard (2005)

In this paper we present an extension of the reduced resolution update mode, originally supported by H.263, into the H.264 (MPEG-4 AVC/JVT) video coding standard. This new mode provides the opportunity of increasing the coding picture rate, while maintaining subjective quality. This is done by encoding an image at a reduced resolution, while performing prediction using a high resolution reference. This allows the final image to be reconstructed at full resolution and with good quality, although the required bitrate for encoding the image is reduced considerably. In our paper, considering that H.264 contains several new improved motion compensation tools compared to its counterpart, this concept had to be adapted accordingly to fit within the specifications of the new standard or its extensions. This includes new syntax elements, and certain semantic and encoder/decoder architecture modifications to inter and intra prediction modes.
Monacolin M, a new inhibitor of cholesterol biosynthesis. (1986)

Monacolin M, a new specific inhibitor of cholesterol biosynthesis structurally related to monacolin K (mevinolin), was isolated from cultures of a strain of Monascus ruber. The structure of monacolin M was determined to be beta-hydroxybutyryl ester of monacolin J by a combination of physical techniques. It was suggested that monacolin M is derived from monacolin J via a synthetic pathway distinct from that for the synthesis of monacolin K, alpha-methylbutyryl ester of monacolin J. The inhibitory effect of monacolin M on beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase was slightly lower than that of monacolin K.
Head-Up Display Using a Hologram as an Optical Element (1992)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper describes a head-up display (HUD) which uses a volume hologram as one of its optical elements. The hologram functions as a concave mirror for a specified wavelength range but is transparent to other wavelengths including infrared. Ghost images were eliminated by surface treatment of the hologram at recording and reconstruction. A wide diffraction spectral band was obtained by applying a multiple-exposure method to the hologram made of dichromated gelatin. Basically, the HUD consists of a high brightness vacuum fluorescent display, the holographic mirror, an aluminium concave mirror, and a windshield with a reflective coating as a combiner. The image is projected at about 2 meters in front of the driver. The maximum brightness is about 1200 cd/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; and the display color is green.&lt;/div&gt;
Organizing software in a distributed environment (1983)

The System Modeller provides automatic support for several different kinds of program development cycle in the Cedar programming system. It handles the daily evolution of a single module or a small group of modules modified by a single person, the assembly of numerous modules into a large system with complex interconnections, and the formal release of a system. The Modeller can also efficiently locate a large number of modules in a big distributed file system, and move them from one machine to another to meet operational requirements or improve performance.
Structure-activity relationship studies with symmetric naphthalenesulfonic acid derivatives. Synthesis and influence of spacer and naphthalenesulfonic acid moiety on anti-HIV-1 activity (1993)

Symmetric bis(naphthalenesulfonic acid) derivatives containing a variety of spacers have been synthesized and evaluated for anti-HIV-1 activity in four assay systems. In the assay that measured inhibition of HIV-1-induced cytopathogenicity using a laboratory strain (HTLV-IIIB), a hexamethylene and octamethylene spacer derivative of 4-amino-5-hydroxy-2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic acid emerged as the most potent derivatives. The hexamethylene spacer analog exhibited an in vitro therapeutic index that was > 120. Selected derivatives were tested in the giant cell formation assay. In this assay, the most potent derivative was, again, the hexamethylene compound. Evaluation of selected derivatives against a clinical isolate of HIV-1 (HE strain) revealed that the hexamethylene derivative was the most potent compound. In the assay that measured the inhibition of HIV-1-induced cytopathogenesis in human peripheral blood lymphocytes, the hexamethylene compound emerged as the most active derivative, demonstrating a 50% inhibitory concentration of 1.3 microM. These studies clearly demonstrate that certain naphthalenesulfonic acid moieties when coupled to specific spacers were synergistic in producing anti-HIV-1 activity at nontoxic concentrations. In the 4-amino-5-hydroxy-2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic acid series, shortening of the spacer length, preferably with a flexible polymethylene chain, was highly beneficial for increasing anti-HIV-1 potency.
Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of side-chain interactions in polyamino acids with aromatic groups. Comparison to conformational energy calculations (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNuclear magnetic resonance studies of side-chain interactions in polyamino acids with aromatic groups. Comparison to conformational energy calculationsHarold A. Scheraga and David N. SilvermanCite this: Biochemistry 1971, 10, 8, 1340–1347Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1971https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00784a011RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views53Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (899 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
<i>Burkholderia pseudomallei</i> Induces Cell Fusion and Actin-Associated Membrane Protrusion: a Possible Mechanism for Cell-to-Cell Spreading (2000)

Burkholderia pseudomallei, a facultative intracellular bacterium, is the causative agent of a broad spectrum of diseases collectively known as melioidosis. Its ability to survive inside phagocytic and nonphagocytic cells and to induce multinucleated giant cell (MNGC) formation has been demonstrated. This study was designed to assess a possible mechanism(s) leading to this cellular change, using virulent and nonvirulent strains of B. pseudomallei to infect both phagocytic and nonphagocytic cell lines. We demonstrated that when the cells were labeled with two different cell markers (CMFDA or CMTMR), mixed, and then infected with B. pseudomallei, direct cell-to-cell fusion could be observed, leading to MNGC formation. Staining of the infected cells with rhodamine-conjugated phalloidin indicated that immediately after the infection, actin rearrangement into a comet tail appearance occurred, similar to that described earlier for other bacteria. The latter rearrangement led to the formation of bacterium-containing, actin-associated membrane protrusions which could lead to a direct cell-to-cell spreading of B. pseudomallei in the infected hosts. Results from 4', 6'-diamidine-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI) nuclear staining, poly-ADP ribose polymerase cleavage, staining of infected cells for phosphatidylserine exposure with annexin V, and electrophoresis of the DNA extracted from these infected cells showed that B. pseudomallei could kill the host cells by inducing apoptosis in both phagocytic and nonphagocytic cells.
Mass Spectral Determination of Fasting Tear Glucose Concentrations in Nondiabetic Volunteers (2007)

Our tear fluid collection and analysis method enables reliable measurement of equilibrium, fasting tear glucose concentrations. These concentrations are lower than those previously reported for nondiabetic persons. Larger population studies are required to determine correlations between blood and tear glucose concentrations and to determine the utility of contact lens-based sensors for the monitoring of diabetes. Our methods are applicable for study of other tear fluid analytes and may prove useful for monitoring other disease states.
Enzymatic synthesis of formic acid from H<sub>2</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> and production of hydrogen from formic acid (1982)

Whole cells of Alcaligenes eutrophus (as well as isolated P. oxalaticus formate dehydrogenase and A. eutrophus hydrogenase coupled via NAD(+) or methyl viologen) have been shown to produce H(2) from formic acid. Immobilization of the cells in kappa-carrageenan gel greatly enhances their stability at room temperature. The rate of hydrogen production catalyzed by immobilized A. eutrophus has been studied as a function of the concentrations of the cells and formate and also pH. An inhibition by high concentrations of formate has been found. Immobilized cells were also capable of synthesizing formate from H(2) and bicarbonate. Yields of formate up to 30% have been obtained. The catalytic efficiency of immobilized A. eutrophus cells was compared with that of palladium adsorbed on activated carbon.
Performance Analysis of Orthogonal Pairs Designed for an Expanded Eukaryotic Genetic Code (2012)

O-pairs have been developed for a whole plethora of ncAAs. However, a systematic and detailed analysis of their catalytic properties is still missing. Our study provides a comprehensive scrutiny of o-pairs developed for the site-specific incorporation of reactive ncAAs in S. cerevisiae. It suggests that future development of o-pairs as efficient biotechnological tools will greatly benefit from sound characterization in vivo and in vitro in parallel to monitoring intracellular ncAA levels.
Structure-Assigned Optical Spectra of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2002)

Spectrofluorimetric measurements on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) isolated in aqueous surfactant suspensions have revealed distinct electronic absorption and emission transitions for more than 30 different semiconducting nanotube species. By combining these fluorimetric results with resonance Raman data, each optical transition has been mapped to a specific (n,m) nanotube structure. Optical spectroscopy can thereby be used to rapidly determine the detailed composition of bulk SWNT samples, providing distributions in both tube diameter and chiral angle. The measured transition frequencies differ substantially from simple theoretical predictions. These deviations may reflect combinations of trigonal warping and excitonic effects.
Modeling and minimization of PMOS NBTI effect for robust nanometer design (2006)

Negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) has become the dominant reliability concern for nanoscale PMOS transistors. In this paper, a predictive model is developed for the degradation of NBTI in both static and dynamic operations. Model scalability and generality are comprehensively verified with experimental data over a wide range of process and bias conditions. By implementing the new model into SPICE for an industrial 90nm technology, key insights are obtained for the development of robust design solutions: (1) the most effective techniques to mitigate the NBTI degradation are VDD tuning, PMOS sizing, and reducing the duty cycle; (2) an optimal VDD exists to minimize the degradation of circuit performance; (3) tuning gate length or the switching frequency has little impact on the NBTI effect; (4) a new switching scenario is identified for worst case timing analysis during NBTI stress.
Stepwise Polychlorination of 8-Chloro-BODIPY and Regioselective Functionalization of 2,3,5,6,8-Pentachloro-BODIPY (2015)

An effective, stepwise methodology for polychlorination of BODIPY using trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA) in acetic acid was developed. In this way, selectively substituted di-, tri-, tetra-, and pentachloro-BODIPYs 2-5 were prepared. The pentachloro-BODIPY is shown to undergo regioselective Pd(0)-catalyzed Stille and Suzuki coupling reactions, first at the 8-position followed by the 3,5- and then the 2,6-positions; nucleophilic substitution reactions occur first at the 8- followed by the 3,5-positions, while the 2,6 are unreactive.