gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A feasibility study of self-heating concrete utilizing carbon nanofiber heating elements (2009)

This paper presents the development of an electric, self-heating concrete system that uses embedded carbon nanofiber paper as electric resistance heating elements. The proposed system utilizes the conductive properties of carbon fiber materials to heat a surface overlay of concrete with various admixtures to improve the concrete's thermal conductivity. The development and laboratory scale testing of the system were conducted for the various compositions of concrete containing, separately, carbon fiber, fly ash, and steel shavings as admixtures. The heating performances of these concrete mixtures with the carbon fiber heating element were experimentally obtained in a sub-freezing ambient environment in order to explore the use of such a system for deicing of concrete roadways. Analysis of electric power consumption, heating rate, and obtainable concrete surface temperatures under typical power loads was performed to evaluate the viability of a large scale implementation of the proposed heating system for roadway deicing applications. A cost analysis is presented to provide a comparison with traditional deicing methods, such as salting, and other integrated concrete heating systems.
Edge Effects on the Flow Characteristics in a 90deg Tee Junction (2006)

Measurements of pressure drop were carried out for the flow of a Newtonian fluid in 90deg tee junctions with sharp and round corners. Rounding the corners reduced the energy losses by between 10 and 20%, depending on the flow rate ratio, due to the reduction in the branching flow loss coefficient, whereas the straight flow basically remained unaffected. The corresponding detailed measurements of mean and turbulent velocities for a Reynolds number of 31,000 and flowrate ratio of 50% showed that rounding the corner lead to an increase in turbulence in the branch pipe. The increased turbulence diffused momentum more efficiently thus reducing the length of the recirculation by 25% with its width and strength also decreasing in magnitude. The overall effect of the increased dissipation due to turbulence and reduced dissipation due to mean flow irreversibilities in the recirculation was a decrease in the corresponding loss coefficient.
Cascade regulation of the toluene-3-monooxygenase operon (tbuA1UBVA2C) of Burkholderia pickettii PKO1: role of the tbuA1 promoter (PtbuA1) in the expression of its cognate activator, TbuT (1996)

Burkholderia pickettii PKO1 metabolizes toluene and benzene via a chromosomally encoded toluene-3-monooxygenase pathway. Expression of the toluene-3-monooxygenase operon (tbuA1UBVA2C) is activated by the regulator, TbuT, in the presence of toluene. We have identified the TbuT coding region downstream of the toluene-3-monooxygenase structural genes by nucleotide sequence analysis and have shown that although TbuT is similar to XylR and DmpR, two members of the NtrC family of transcriptional activators which control toluene-xylene and (methyl)phenol catabolism, respectively, it is significantly different in the domain associated with effector specificity. Using a tbuA1-lacZ fusion reporter system, we determined that TbuT is activated not only by aromatic effectors but also the chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon trichloroethylene. Expression of tbuT and that of the tbuA1UBVA2C operon were found to be linked by readthrough transcription of tbuT from the toluene-3-monooxygenase promoter. As a result, transcription of tbuT is low when the toluene-3-monooxygenase operon is uninduced and high when expression of tbuA1UBVA2C is induced by toluene. Thus, the toluene-3-monooxygenase promoter drives the cascade expression of both the toluene-3-monooxygenase operon and tbuT, resulting in a positive feedback circuit. Examination of the nucleotide sequence upstream of the toluene-3-monooxygenase operon for promoter-like sequences revealed a -24 TGGC, -12 TTGC sequence, characteristic of sigma54 (rpoN)-dependent promoters. Primer extension and tbuA1-lacZ fusion analyses demonstrated that this -24, -12 promoter sequence, referred to as PtbuA1, was the toluene-3-monooxygenase promoter. Upstream of PtbuA1, a DNA region with dyad symmetry exhibited homology with the XylR-binding site present upstream of the Pu promoter. Deletions within this DNA sequence resulted in complete loss of expression from PtbuA1, suggesting that this region may serve as the TbuT-binding site.
Compatibilization of polymer blends by reactive processing (1991)

Abstract This review examines some recent developments in the field of reactive compatibilization of polymer blends by melt processing in extruders and intensive batch mixers. Three routes to reactive compatibilization are considered, namely, the use of suitably functionalized blend constituents, the incorporation of polymeric compatibilizers, and the addition of low molecular weight compounds. Representative systems from the recent patent and open literature are classified according to method and assumed mechanism of compatibilization, and the types of chemical reactions involved. A variety of polymer blends are discussed, including impact modified thermoplastics, polymer modified engineering thermoplastics, dynamically vulcanized thermoplastic elastomers, and co‐crosslinked rubber/rubber blends. Examples of potential opportunities in reactive compatibilization are also presented.
Enhanced WiFi ToF indoor positioning system with MEMS-based INS and pedometric information (2014)

The most common technology for outdoor positioning is GNSS. It is commonly used together with inertial sensors to compensate for poor reception and to help determine outlier measurements. In dense areas and indoors, GPS performance degrades or is not available at all. In indoor environments WiFi is one of the most popular radios; it is not surprising therefore that WiFi is often used for positioning. Specifically, time-based range measurements are emerging as the leading WiFi indoor positioning technology. Because this technique is quite new, its coverage might be limited in the near future. In this paper we present a highly accurate indoor positioning system which is based on a new WiFi technology (protocol) [1] and on MEMS inertial sensors. This system fuses together WiFi time-of-flight (ToF) range measurements, INS-based position velocity and attitude measurements, and pedometric information. It harnesses the advantages of each of these components while compensating for their individual disadvantages. WiFi ToF typically exhibits good performance but suffers from outliers, coverage and dependency of Access Points (AP) deployment geometry (DoP). The INS solution is highly accurate but diverges quickly with time. Pedometric information (PDR) suffers from overall poor performance, inability to determine direction of movement (heading) and exhausting per-user calibration. Our solution uses WiFi ToF measurements and pedometric information to restrict the INS solution. We describe the INS model, the fusion model, and show exciting results from a real world environment.
On the Mechanism of Fatty Acid-induced Proton Transport by Mitochondrial Uncoupling Protein (1996)

Uncoupling protein mediates electrophoretic transport of protons and anions across the inner membrane of brown adipose tissue mitochondria. The mechanism and site of proton transport, the mechanism by which fatty acids activate proton transport, and the relationship between fatty acids and anion transport are unknown. We used fluorescent probes to measure H+ and anion transport in vesicles reconstituted with purified uncoupling protein and carried out a comparative study of the effects of laurate and its close analogue, undecanesulfonate. Undecanesulfonate was transported by uncoupling protein with a Km value similar to that observed for laurate as it activated H+ transport. Both laurate and undecanesulfonate inhibited Cl- with competitive kinetics. Undecanesulfonate inhibited laurate-induced H+ transport with competitive kinetics. Undecanesulfonate and laurate differed in two important respects. (i) Laurate caused uncoupling protein-mediated H+ transport, whereas undecanesulfonate did not. (ii) Lauric acid was rapidly transported across the bilayer by nonionic diffusion, whereas undecanesulfonic was not. We infer that the role of uncoupling protein in H+ transport is to transport fatty acid anions and that fatty acids induce H+ transport because they can diffuse electroneutrally across the membrane. According to this hypothesis, uncoupling protein is a pure anion porter and does not transport protons; rather it is designed to enable fatty acids to behave as cycling protonophores.
Overview of Applications of Biomass Fast Pyrolysis Oil (2004)

Fast pyrolysis of biomass is one of the most recent renewable energy processes to have been introduced. It offers the advantages of a liquid product, bio-oil that can be readily stored and transported. Bio-oil is a renewable liquid fuel and can also be used for production of chemicals. Fast pyrolysis has now achieved a commercial success for production of chemicals and is being actively developed for producing liquid fuels. Bio-oils have been successfully tested in engines, turbines, and boilers, and have been upgraded to high-quality hydrocarbon fuels, although at a presently unacceptable energetic and financial cost. The paper critically reviews scientific and technical developments in applications of bio-oil to date and concludes with some suggestions for research and strategic developments.
1,4-Diketones from skipped acetylenes (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT1,4-Diketones from skipped acetylenesWalter J. Gensler, Jean Claude Petitpierre, and John W. DeanCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 21, 4081–4085Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00415a020https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00415a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views134Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Role of cell surface molecules of Blastomyces dermatitidis in the pathogenesis and immunobiology of blastomycosis. (1997)

The cell surface of pathogenic microbes is critical in directing their interactions with the host. The discovery of a 120 kd antigen/adhesin WI-1 on the yeast or parasitic form of Blastomyces dermatitidis has elucidated the molecular basis of host/pathogen interactions in blastomycosis. WI-1 has three structural domains: (1) an N-terminal hydrophobic domain that spans the cell membrane, (2) a C-terminal epidermal growth factor-like domain that may bind extracellular matrix, and (3) a central domain of many 24- or 25 amino-acid repeats arrayed in tandem. The repeat is homologous to invasin, a Yersinia adhesin, and binds CD11b/CD18 (CR3) and CD14 receptors on host cells. WI-1 expression is altered on genetically related strains of B dermatitidis differing in virulence and modulates how hypovirulent mutants interact with macrophages. WI-1 also evokes humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in acquired resistance to B dermatitidis that may help clear the fungus in the host. These observations on WI-1 provide new insight into a key pathogenic factor and antigen of the fungus and may ultimately help in designing new ways to diagnose, treat, and prevent blastomycosis.
Visualizing the evolution of Web ecologies (1998)

Several visualizations have emerged which attempt to visualize all or part of the World Wide Web. Those visualizations, however, fail to present the dynamically changing ecology of users and documents on the Web. We present new techniques for Web Ecology and Evolution Visualization (WEEV). Disk Trees represent a discrete time slice of the Web ecology. A collection of Disk Trees forms a Time Tube, representing the evolution of the Web over longer periods of time. These visualizations are intended to aid authors and webmasters with the production and organization of content, assist Web surfers making sense of information, and help researchers understand the Web.
Metabolic Response to Injury and Illness: Estimation of Energy and Protein Needs from Indirect Calorimetry and Nitrogen Balance (1979)

The metabolic response to injury and illness as manifested by increases in energy expenditure and nitrogen losses makes it difficult for the clinician to evaluate calorie and protein needs. A method for determining daily calorie needs in hospitalized patients is presented. Average increases in resting metabolic expenditure for a group of patients following elective operation, skeletal trauma, skeletal trauma with head injury, blunt trauma, sepsis and burns were determined by indirect calorimetry and protein need by urinary nitrogen losses over extended time periods. Total daily calorie needs were then calculated, using the Harris-Benedict equation and adjusting this value upward using a previously measured activity and injury factor to arrive at the daily needs. Protein requirements may be determined on periodic 24 hour urine samples analyzed for the urinary urea nitrogen and adjusting this to a total nitrogen or protein equivalent. This approach to estimating the calorie nitrogen needs of the hospitalized patient under various degrees of stress more closely approximates the patient's variable needs at the height of the catabolic response and during convalescence.
Use of magnetic perfusion-weighted imaging to determine epidermal growth factor receptor variant III expression in glioblastoma (2012)

Identification of the epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRvIII) mutation in glioblastoma has become increasingly relevant in the optimization of therapy. Traditionally, determination of tumor EGFRvIII-expression has relied on tissue-based diagnostics. Here, we assess the accuracy of magnetic resonance perfusion-weighted imaging (MR-PWI) in discriminating the EGFRvIII-expressing glioblastoma subtype. We analyzed RNA from 132 primary human glioblastoma tissue samples by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the EGFRvIII and EGFR wild-type mutations and by quantitative RT-PCR for expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Concurrently, 3 independent observers reviewed preoperative 1.5-Tesla (T)/SE or 3.0-Tesla (T)/GE MR perfusion images to determine the maximum relative tumor blood volume (rTBV) of each of these tumors. EGFRvIII-expressing glioblastomas showed significantly higher rTBV, compared with those tumors lacking EGFRvIII expression. This association was observed in both the 1.5T/SE (P = .000) and 3.0T/GE (P = .001) cohorts. By logistic regression analysis, combining the 2 MR system cohorts, rTBV was a very strong predictor of EGFRvIII mutation (odds ratio [rTBV] = 2.70; P = .000; McFadden's ρ(2) = 0.23). Furthermore, by receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis, rTBV discriminated EGFRvIII with very high accuracy (A(z) = 0.81). In addition, we found that VEGF upregulation was associated, although without reaching statistical significance, with EGFRvIII expression (P = .16) and with increased rTBV (F-ratio = 2.71; P = .102). These trends suggest that VEGF-mediated angiogenesis may be a potential mediator of angiogenesis to increase perfusion in EGFRvIII-expressing glioblastomas, but there are likely several other contributing factors. This study demonstrates the potential to use rTBV, a MR-PWI-derived parameter, as a noninvasive surrogate of the EGFRvIII mutation.
Inhibition of Mastitic Bacteria by Bovine Milk Apo-Lactoferrin Evaluated by In Vitro Microassay of Bacterial Growth (1984)

An in vitro microassay was developed to evaluate antimicrobial properties of bovine apo-lactoferrin. The growth of coliform, staphylococcal, and streptococcal bacterial strains in a defined synthetic medium was inhibited by bovine apo-lactoferrin (.5 to 30.0 mg/ml). Addition of iron-saturated lactoferrin to the synthetic medium did not inhibit growth of test strains. Inhibition by apo-lactoferrin was greater for coliform than Gram-positive strains for all concentrations of apo-lactoferrin evaluated. No concentration of apo-lactoferrin proved bactericidal for either coliform or Gram-positive strains. Inhibition of two coliform strains by apo-lactoferrin (10 mg/ml) was abolished by addition of ferric iron to the assay system, indicating an iron-dependent nature of apo-lactoferrin induced inhibition of bacteria. Bicarbonate supplementation of the growth system containing apo-lactoferrin (1 mg/ml) increased inhibition of three coliform strains by apo-lactoferrin. Addition of increasing concentrations of citrate (2.0 mg/ml) to an assay system containing apo-lactoferrin (5 mg/ml) resulted in a concomitant reduction of growth inhibition of three coliform strains. These data indicate a potential relationship between the molar ratio of citrate to lactoferrin of the lacteal secretion and its capacity to inhibit coliform strains associated with mastitis.
Laser-Assisted Contact Angle Measurements (1988)

A laser beam, aimed at the solid-liquid-air interface of a sessile drop on a contact lens, produces two lines of diffraction which are theoretically normal to the profile of the fluid and solid surfaces at the point of contact. In the present experiments, the beam and the diffraction patterns were projected on a flat screen perpendicular to the beam, and the angle was measured as a contact angle. The angle was measured on curved surfaces (contact lenses) of 6.5 to 8.9 mm radius and for each material studied, the angle: (1) was independent of the front surface radius, (2) was independent of droplet volume at 2 and 10 microliter, and (3) decreased with time after drop placement. The laser-derived measurements correlated well with contact angles measured by goniometry on contact lenses and a variety of other materials (r = 0.86; p less than 0.0001). Because the diffraction lines are straight and are generated at the point of contact, the angle formed by them is measured easily with a protractor, yielding a convenient and reproducible contact angle measurement. An application of the method was demonstrated by measuring contact angles for saline-containing 0 to 2% bovine serum albumin or bovine submaxillary mucin on Silafocon-A (Polycon II), Pasifocon C (Paragon EW), and polymethyl methacrylate (generic PMMA and Paragon 18) lenses. On each material, physiological concentrations of mucin, but not of albumin, significantly (p greater than 0.01) decreased contact angles by 8 to 15 degrees.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
GAL4 protein: purification, association with GAL80 protein, and conserved domain structure. (1990)

Expression of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae GAL4 protein under its own (galactose-inducible) control gave 5 to 10 times the level of protein observed when the GAL4 gene was on a high-copy plasmid. Purification of GAL4 by a procedure including affinity chromatography on a GAL4-binding DNA column yielded not only GAL4 but also a second protein, shown to be GAL80 by its reaction with an antipeptide antibody. Sequence comparisons of GAL4 and other members of a family of proteins sharing homologous cysteine finger motifs identified an additional region of homology in the middle of these proteins shown by genetic analysis to be important for GAL4 function. GAL4 could be cleaved proteolytically at the boundary of the conserved region, defining internal and carboxy-terminal folded domains.
The role of the fluoroquinolones. (1992)

Over the past decade, the quinolone antimicrobial class has enjoyed a renaissance with the emergence of the fluoroquinolone subclass. Norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, enoxacin, and lomefloxacin have the advantages of broad antimicrobial activity profiles including gram-positive and -negative aerobes, favorable pharmacokinetic profiles including substantial oral bioavailability and extensive tissue distribution, and in general, favorable safety profiles. As clinical experience accumulates, our understanding of their optimum roles will become more refined. In six instances, these agents may be preferred over currently available agents: complicated urinary tract infections, empiric therapy of suspected bacterial gastroenteritis, eradication of the Salmonella carrier state, respiratory exacerbations due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients with cystic fibrosis, invasive external otitis, and chronic gram-negative bacillary osteomyelitis. The efficacy and convenience of these agents for the treatment of a broad range of infections have already resulted in their extensive use. Such use carries the risk of selection pressure for the development of resistance and the adverse consequences of increased cost over less expensive, equally effective alternatives. The use of the fluoroquinolones should focus on infections where there is demonstrated benefit of these agents over conventional agents or infections for which there are few or no alternatives.
On the coupling between ATP usage and DNA transport by yeast DNA topoisomerase II. (1993)

The initial rates of ATP hydrolysis and relaxation of negatively supercoiled DNA by highly purified wild-type and mutant yeast DNA topoisomerase II were measured under identical conditions to study the coupling between the ATPase activity of a type II DNA topoisomerase and its catalysis of the transport of one DNA segment through another. The results indicate that the binding of the enzyme to DNA stimulates its intrinsic ATPase activity by about 20-fold, and ATP binding to the pair of ATPase sites in a DNA-bound dimeric enzyme appears to be cooperative. The cooperativity in ATP binding may be significant in the coordination of the two halves of a DNA-bound enzyme dimer. At low ATP concentrations, the rate-limiting step in ATP usage appears to be slower than that in DNA transport, and DNA transport is relatively efficient in terms of ATP consumption: 1.9 +/- 0.5 ATP molecules are hydrolyzed/DNA transport event. At a saturating ATP concentration, however, there appears to be a reversal of these rate-limiting steps, and DNA transport is less efficient: 7.4 +/- 1.0 ATP molecules are hydrolyzed/DNA transport event. These data are interpreted in terms of a model in which a DNA-bound enzyme acts as an ATP-operated clamp for the capture and transport of a second DNA segment.
High-Temperature Forced-Air Research Facility for Heating Fruits for Insect Quarantine Treatments (1990)

A high-temperature, forced-air research facility was designed for experiments with a new quarantine treatment for papayas. The facility was constructed at the Tropical Fruit and Vegetable Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Hilo, Hawaii. Because the treatment required changing both the air dry-bulb and dewpoint temperatures in stages that depended on both fruit temperature and treatment time, a computer control system was developed to control the heating and humidification components. The computer also was used for data acquisition of temperatures at various locations within the load of fruit as well as for recording airflow rate and dewpoint temperature during the treatment. This facility is useful in the development and certification of new high-temperature, forced-air quarantine treatments for fruits and vegetables.