gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integrating Flexible Support for Security Policies into the Linux Operating System (2001)

The protection mechanisms of current mainstream operating systems are inadequate to support confidentiality and integrity requirements for end systems. Mandatory access control (MAC) is needed to address such requirements, but the limitations of traditional MAC have inhibited its adoption into mainstream operating systems. The National Security Agency (NSA) worked with Secure Computing Corporation (SCC) to develop a flexible MAC architecture called Flask to overcome the limitations of traditional MAC. The NSA has implemented this architecture in the Linux operating system, producing a Security-Enhanced Linux (SELinux) prototype, to make the technology available to a wider community and to enable further research into secure operating systems. NAI Labs has developed an example security policy configuration to demonstrate the benefits of the architecture and to provide a foundation for others to use. This paper describes the security architecture, security mechanisms, application programming interface, security policy configuration, and performance of SELinux.
Isolation and characterization of early pregnancy factor. (1994)

Early pregnancy factor (EPF) was purified from the pooled sera of 210 pregnant women at 3-8 weeks of gestation. Sera from healthy nonpregnant women were used as control. The samples (G-II, G-III and G-IV) obtained from pregnant women had EPF activity but no HCG activity. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that the major bands in pregnant G-III and G-IV were at similar positions in tube gels. The results of SDS-PAGE showed 3 bands in pregnant G-IV: 57.0 kD, 38.0 kD and 19.0 kD. The basic active form of EPF may be a small peptide of 19.0 kD. The isoelectric points of pregnant G-IV were 6.45 and 8.20.
Assessment of Prognosis of Patients With Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis by Computer-aided Analysis of CT Images (2009)

The GHNC provides automatic measurement of volume of fibrosis. The F2-pattern on CT can predict prognosis of patients with IPF.
M-ary runlength limited codes for high density optical recording (2002)

New optical recording channels have been developed that support unsaturated, M-ary (M/spl ges/3) signaling. In this paper we consider the analysis and design of M-ary runlength limited codes for such channels. These codes are designed using the state splitting algorithm and have improved minimum squared Euclidean distance over an ordinary Adler-Coppersmith-Hassner code. Comparisons are made with Ungerboeck-style amplitude modulation trellis codes with comparable complexity and in some cases the new codes achieve a coding gain of over 2 dB.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Elevated serum vascular endothelial growth factor and decreased survival in advanced laryngeal carcinoma (2002)

Serum VEGF levels are significantly elevated in patients with advanced laryngeal carcinoma versus healthy controls. Elevated pretreatment s-VEGF levels tended to indicate a more aggressive disease state and a poorer overall survival in advanced laryngeal carcinoma.
Local Treatment of Brain Tumors with Targeted Chimera Cytotoxic Proteins (2002)

High-grade astrocytomas (HGA) are the most prevalent brain tumors that represent a unique pharmaceutical challenge. Their cerebral localization and characteristic features of tumor progression primarily dictate this challenge. Targeted chimera conjugate/fusion cytotoxic proteins have become the newest class of investigative drug candidates for the treatment of HGA due to their inherent properties that are compatible with drug deliveries to brain tumors. A conjugate of a human transferrin with bacterial toxin, Diphtheria toxin, has shown clinical efficacy in Phase I and II trials when administered intratumorally through convection-enhanced delivery. This immunotoxin belongs to the first group of immunotoxins that started to live up to early expectations. Other anti-brain tumor cytotoxins have entered or will enter the clinic shortly. The clinical applicability of targeted bacterial toxin-containing cytotoxins in the treatment of brain tumors warrants further development and careful clinical evaluation.
Recent developments of intravesical therapy of painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis: a review (2006)

Painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis persists as a challenging syndrome in urology. Intravesical instillation therapy has basically not changed during the last few years, although some studies have disconfirmed some regimens. Intensive research may hopefully result in more effective treatments in the future.
Rapid, Accurate, and On-Site Detection of C. difficile in Stool Samples (2015)

FAIMS analysis of unprocessed stool samples can differentiate between C. difficile-positive and -negative samples with high diagnostic accuracy.
Effects of ROI Placement on PET-Based Assessment of Tumor Response to Therapy (2013)

Purpose. Quantitative PET response assessment during therapy requires regions of interest (ROI). Commonly, a fixed-size ROI is placed at the maximum uptake point in the pretreatment study. For intratreatment, the ROI is placed either at the maximum uptake point (ROIpeak) or at the same location as the pretreatment ROI (ROIsame). We have evaluated the effects of the ROI placement on response assessment. Methods. PET scans of 15 head and neck cancer patients were used to evaluate the effects of the two ROI methods on response assessment. Results. The average intratreatment ROIpeak uptake was 13.4% higher than the ROIsame uptake (range -14% to 38%). The average relative change in ROIpeak uptake was 7.9% lower than ROIsame uptake (range -5% to 36%), resulting in ambiguous tumour classification in 19% of the tumours. Conclusion. Quantitative PET response assessment using a fixed-size ROI is sensitive the ROI placement. The difference between ROIpeak and ROIsame could be substantial resulting in ambiguous response assessment. Although the fixed-size ROI is simple to implement, it is also prone to the limitations and should be used with caution. Clinical trial data are necessary to establish reliable thresholds for fixed-size ROI techniques and to evaluate their efficacy for response assessment.
The effects of rod and cone loss on the photic regulation of locomotor activity and heart rate (2008)

Behavioral responses to light indirectly affect cardiovascular output, but in anesthetized rodents a direct effect of light on heart rate has also been described. Both the basis for this response and the contribution of rods, cones and melanopsin-based photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (pRGCs) remains unknown. To understand how light acutely regulates heart rate we studied responses to light in mice lacking all rod and cone photoreceptors (rd/rd cl ) along with wild-type controls. Our initial experiments delivered light to anesthetized mice at Zeitgeber time (ZT)16 (4 h after lights off, mid-activity phase) and produced an increase in heart rate in wild-type mice, but not in rd/rd cl animals. By contrast, parallel experiments in freely-moving mice demonstrated that light exposure at this time suppressed heart rate and activity in both genotypes. Because of the effects of anesthesia, all subsequent studies were conducted in freely-moving animals. The effects of light were also assessed at ZT6 (mid-rest phase). At this timepoint, wild-type mice showed an irradiance-dependent increase in heart rate and activity. By contrast, rd/rd cl mice failed to show any modulation of heart rate or activity, even at very high irradiances. Increases in heart rate preceded increases in locomotor activity and remained elevated when locomotor activity ceased, suggesting that these two responses are at least partially uncoupled. Collectively, our results show an acute and phase-dependent effect of light on cardiovascular output in mice. Surprisingly, this irradiance detection response is dependent upon rod and cone photoreceptors, with no apparent contribution from melanopsin pRGCs.
Protection and Polymerization of Functional Monomers. 28. Anionic Living Polymerization of Styrene Derivatives Containing Acetal-Protected Monosaccharide Residues (1998)

Six styrene derivatives meta-substituted with acetal-protected glucofuranoses (1) and (2), galactopyranose (3), fructopyranose (4), and sorbofuranose (5) and para-substituted with acetal-protected glucofuranose (6) were synthesized by the Williamson reactions of m- or p-(chloromethyl)styrene with the corresponding protected monosaccharides in DMF and were anionically polymerized. The anionic polymerizations were carried out with s-BuLi in THF at −78 °C for 30 min. Among the monomers, 1−5, were found to undergo anionic living polymerization to afford quantitatively the polymers of predictable molecular weights and narrow molecular weight distributions (Mw/Mn < 1.13). Novel well-defined block copolymers, polystyrene-block-poly(1) starting either from living polystyrene or the living polymer of 1, were successfully synthesized. By contrast, no appreciable polymerization of 6 occurred under identical conditions.
Mini‐epidemic of contact dermatitis from ginkgo tree fruit (<i>Ginkgo biloba</i> L.) (1988)

3 cases of contact dermatitis from ginkgo fruit are reported. Swelling of the prepuce can be the only clinical sign of intolerance, as was observed in 1 case. Diagnosis of contact dermatitis to ginkgo fruit should be made in cities where female ginkgo trees grow, in Chinese, Japanese and South‐East Asian subjects, who are aware of the ginkgo nut's culinary qualities within the fruit, as well as in children who play with the fallen fruits as “marbles”.
High-performance solar-blind ultraviolet photodetector based on mixed-phase ZnMgO thin film (2014)

High Mg content mixed-phase Zn0.38Mg0.62O was deposited on a-face sapphire by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy, based on which a metal-semiconductor-metal solar-blind ultraviolet (UV) photodetector was fabricated. The dark current is only 0.25 pA at 5 V, which is much lower than that of the reported mixed-phase ZnMgO photodetectors. More interestingly, different from the other mixed-phase ZnMgO photodetectors containing two photoresponse bands, this device shows only one response peak and its −3 dB cut-off wavelength is around 275 nm. At 10 V, the peak responsivity is as high as 1.664 A/W at 260 nm, corresponding to an internal gain of ∼8. The internal gain is mainly ascribed to the interface states at the grain boundaries acting as trapping centers of photogenerated holes. In view of the advantages of mixed-phase ZnMgO photodetectors over single-phase ZnMgO photodetectors, including easy fabrication, high responsivity, and low dark current, our findings are anticipated to pave a new way for the development of ZnMgO solar-blind UV photodetectors.
Nanosecond pulse discharge based nitrogen oxides treatment using different electrode configurations (2017)

Nowadays, the intensity of air pollution, due to the industries and automobiles, has been increasing continuously. Nitrogen oxides (NO X ) are one of the most harmful pollutants, which are getting released from both automobile and stationary diesel engines. They essentially need to be removed from the exhaust using after treatment systems. However, the energy required to remove these pollutants is one of the major considerations in selecting the technology for pollutant removal from diesel engine exhaust. A study has been carried out on the non‐thermal plasma‐based NO X removal technique using various combinations of power supply units and electrode configurations. Three different electrode configurations are tested, in which two are cylindrical electrodes with diameters 3 and 5 mm, and the other one is a square electrode with a diagonal of 5 mm. A comparison is made between the results with two different pulse power supply units, PS‐I: high‐voltage direct current test set based and PS‐II: DC–DC converter based. The square electrode with PS‐II has been found to be the optimal combination, which has removed 85% of NO X from the exhaust at an energy density of 55.5 J/L, when the initial NO X concentration in the exhaust is 388 ppm.
Demonstration of the acyl-enzyme mechanism for the hydrolysis of peptides and anilides by chymotrypsin (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDemonstration of the acyl-enzyme mechanism for the hydrolysis of peptides and anilides by chymotrypsinJacques Fastrez and Alan R. FershtCite this: Biochemistry 1973, 12, 11, 2025–2034Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00735a001https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00735a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views714Altmetric-Citations153LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fiber and Papermaking Characteristics of Bamboo (1966)

Production Economics, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
Status of gallium-67 in tumor detection. (1980)

The efficacy of gallium-67 citrate in detecting specific tumors is discussed. Tumors in which gallium-67 imaging is useful as a diagnostic tool include Hodgkin's disease, histiocystic lymphoma, Burkitt's lymphoma, hepatoma melanoma, and leukemia. It has not been found to be effective in diagnosing head and neck tumors, gastrointestinal tumors, genitourinary tract tumors, breast tumors, and pediatric tumors. Gallium may be useful in the evaluation of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, testicular carcinoma, mesothelioma, and carcinoma of the lung. It may also be useful for determining response to treatment and prognosis in some neoplasms.
A platform for retaining native morphology at sub-second time scales in cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (2013)

The advantage of cryogenic transmission electron microscopy for morphological analysis of complex fluids is the ability to capture native specimen morphology in solution. This is often limited by available sample preparation devices and procedures, which expose the sample to high shear rates leading to non-native artifacts, are unable to capture evolving samples at a time resolution shorter than a few seconds, and often non-specifically adsorb sample species from suspension resulting in a non-native sample concentration on the grid. In this paper we report the development of a new sample preparation device based on capillary action that overcomes all of these limitations. The use of a removal capillary placed parallel to the grid results in reduced shear and lower absorption of particulate material from the sample. A deposition capillary placed perpendicular to the grid allows for precise and sub-second resolution for time resolved studies. We demonstrate each of the features of this platform using model samples, and where appropriate, compare our results to those prepared using current vitrification platforms. Our results confirm that this new sample vitrification device opens up previously unattainable regimes for sample preparation and imaging and is a powerful new tool for cryogenic transmission electron microscopy.
Biodegradable and Bioabsorbable Stents (2010)

Angioplasty of the coronary arteries has made significant headway in the past 20 years as a treatment for atherosclerotic vascular disease. Though drug-eluting stents are effective, they appear to invoke a thrombogenic response. Biodegradable stents are a promising alternative to permanent stents and may eventually be used to solve the lingering problem of in-stent restenosis. Additionally, fully degradable stents have the ability to deliver more drugs to the target site than a thin coating of drug on metallic stents. A variety of degradable materials have been studied for stent design, including polyesters, polycarbonates, bacterial-derived polymers, and corrodible metals. The ideal biodegradable stent would be reliably deployable under fluoroscopic guidance and situate into the target lesion with minimal endovascular trauma. The stent should degrade into nontoxic byproducts and invoke a minimal degree of inflammation at the target site. Finally, the stent itself should disappear within months (to years) without significant displacement from the deployment site. Although initial data from clinical trials have been sufficient to bring biodegradable materials into the realm of feasibility, future research is undoubtedly necessary to resolve the critical issues of inflammation and mechanical stability.
The bimanual lifting rehabilitator: an adaptive machine for therapy of stroke patients (1995)

Specially designed machines, which the authors call rehabilitators, could automate some of the repetitive aspects of physical and occupational therapy. Rehabilitators might also improve therapy by responding to the patient more quickly and precisely than a human therapist and by quantitatively measuring patient progress. The authors envision developing a family of inexpensive machines, each designed to retrain coordination in a specific activity of daily living, which could be used by physical and occupational therapists. To this end, the authors have built a rehabilitator for assisting hemiplegic stroke patients in bimanual lifting. In this task, subjects lift an object off a table with two hands, support it, then replace it on the table. If the disabled hand is unable to contribute to the task, the rehabilitator substitutes for it. The rehabilitator can substitute for the disabled hand well enough to lift a cafeteria tray with a cup of coffee on it without spilling it. If the disabled hand has fully recovered, the rehabilitator does not intervene.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Interface integration of layered collagen scaffolds with defined matrix stiffness: implications for sheet-based tissue engineering (2009)

Successful application of sheet-based engineering for complex tissue reconstruction requires optimal integration of construct components. An important regulator of cellular responses (such as migration and collagen deposition) mediating interface integration is matrix stiffness. In this study we developed a sheet-based 3D model of interface integration that allows control of interface matrix stiffness. Fluid was removed from acellular or fibroblast-seeded bilayer collagen hydrogel constructs, using plastic compression to increase collagen density and matrix stiffness. Cell-seeded constructs were either compressed at day 0 and cultured for 7 days (compressed culture, high stiffness) or left uncompressed during culture and compressed on day 7 (compliant-compressed culture, low stiffness). Constructs were fitted onto a mechanical testing system to measure interface adhesive strength. Analysis of stresses by finite element modelling predicted a sharp rise of stress and rapid failure at the interface. While cell-seeded constructs showed a six-fold increase in interface adhesive strength compared to acellular control constructs (p < 0.05), there was no significant difference between low- and high-stiffness cultures after 1 week. Cell migration across the interface was greater in low- compared to high-stiffness constructs at 24 h (p < 0.05); however, no significant difference was observed after 1 week. Visualization of interfaces showed fusion of the two layers in low- but not in high-stiffness constructs after 1 week of culture. The ability to regulate cellular behaviour at an interface by controlling matrix stiffness could provide an important tool for modelling the integration of sheet-based bioengineered tissues in bioreactor culture or post-implantation.
Quality improvements in extruded meshes using topologically adaptive generalized elements (2004)

Abstract This paper describes a method to extrude near‐body volume meshes that exploits topologically adaptive generalized elements to improve local mesh quality. Specifically, an advancing layer algorithm for extruding volume meshes from surface meshes of arbitrary topology, appropriate for viscous fluid flows, is discussed. First, a two‐layer reference mesh is generated from the layer initial surface mesh by extruding along the local surface normals. The reference mesh is then smoothed using a Poisson equation. Local quality improvement operations such as edge collapse, face refinement, and local reconnection are performed in each layer to drive the mesh toward isotropy and improve the transition from the extruded mesh to a void‐filling tetrahedral mesh. A few example meshes along with quality plots are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of this approach. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Recent rapid thinning of the “Mer de Glace” glacier derived from satellite optical images (2004)

The rapid wastage of mountain glaciers and their contribution to sea level rise require worldwide monitoring of their mass balance. In this paper, we show that changes in glacier thickness can be accurately measured from satellite images. We use SPOT image pairs to build Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) of the Mont Blanc area (French Alps) for different years. To register the DEMs, we adjust their longitude, latitude and altitude over motionless areas. The uncertainty of the thickness change measurement is greatly reduced by averaging over areas covering altitude intervals of 50 m. Comparisons with topographic profiles and a differential DEM from aerial photographs obtained on the Mer de Glace indicate an overall accuracy of 1 m for the thickness change measurement. Below 2100 m, satellite DEMs show an evolution of the thinning rate from 1 ± 0.4 m.a −1 (years 1979–1994) to 4.1 ± 1.7 m.a −1 (2000–2003).
A Prototype Intelligent Hybrid System for Hard Gelatin Capsule Formulation Development (2002)

ocietal pressures to reduce healthcare costs, coupled with the pharmaceutical industry’s need to maintain its economic incentive to develop new drugs, have required that the industry increase speed to market and reduce the number of failures and overall cost of new drug development. This need has made it imperative for the industry to use efficient, systematic approaches to both drug discovery and formulation design. To accelerate drug discovery, scientists now use highthroughput biological screens and combinatorial chemistry that lead to the rapid discovery and identification of numerous potentially useful drugs. Given this high rate of discovery, drug delivery system development for these drug substances—rather than drug discovery itself—is likely to be the rate-limiting step in getting new drugs to market.