gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular basis of an autoantibody-associated restriction fragment length polymorphism that confers susceptibility to autoimmune diseases. (1991)

Recently, combined serological and molecular studies of autoantibodies have revealed that these antibodies play an important role in the normal function of the immune system and in the development of the B cell repertoire. Accordingly, we hypothesized that a homozygous deletion of a critical autoantibody-associated Ig variable (V) gene may alter the immune system and thus predispose the host to autoimmune disorders. Initial experiments revealed several restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) of the Humhv3005 gene, that is likely to encode heavy chains of rheumatoid factors, and the closely related 1.9III gene. By probing EcoR1-digested DNA with the Humhv3005/P1 probe, we found that one of the four major hybridizing bands was missing in approximately 20% of patients with either rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus, but only 2% of normal subjects. To delineate the genetic basis of this polymorphism, we have now employed the PCR to amplify and analyze hv3005, 1.9III, and homologous genes in individuals with characteristic RFLP genotypes. Our results indicate that the human Vh gene repertoire contains several hv3005- and 1.9III-like genes, and that a complete deletion of the hv3005-like genes is relatively restricted to a subset of autoimmune patients. These findings provide initial evidence for deletion of developmentally regulated autoreactive V genes in autoimmune diseases.
High-Performance and Energy-Efficient CNFET-Based Designs for Ternary Logic Circuits (2019)

Recently, the demand for portable electronics and embedded systems has increased. These devices need low-power circuit designs because they depend on batteries as an energy resource. Moreover, multi-valued logic (MVL) circuits provide notable improvements over binary circuits in terms of interconnect complexity, chip area, propagation delay, and energy consumption. Therefore, this paper proposes new ternary circuits aiming to lower the power delay product (PDP) to save battery consumption. The proposed designs include new ternary gates [standard ternary inverter (STI) and ternary NAND (TNAND)] and combinational circuits [ternary decoder (TDecoder), ternary half-adder (THA), and ternary multiplier (TMUL)] using carbon nano-tube field-effect transistors (CNFETs). This paper employs the best trade-off between reducing the number of used transistors, utilizing energy-efficient transistor arrangement such as transmission gate, and applying the dual supply voltages (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dd</sub> and V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dd</sub> /2). The five proposed designs are compared with the latest 15 ternary circuits using the HSPICE simulator for different supply voltages, different temperatures, and different frequencies; 180 simulations are performed to prove the efficiency of the proposed designs. The results show the advantage of the proposed designs in reduction over 43% in terms of transistors' count for the ternary decoder and over 88%, 99%, 98%, 86%, and 78% in energy consumption (PDP) for the STI, TNAND, TDecoder, THA, and TMUL, respectively.
Spatio-Temporal Saliency Perception via Hypercomplex Frequency Spectral Contrast (2013)

Salient object perception is the process of sensing the salient information from the spatio-temporal visual scenes, which is a rapid pre-attention mechanism for the target location in a visual smart sensor. In recent decades, many successful models of visual saliency perception have been proposed to simulate the pre-attention behavior. Since most of the methods usually need some ad hoc parameters or high-cost preprocessing, they are difficult to rapidly detect salient object or be implemented by computing parallelism in a smart sensor. In this paper, we propose a novel spatio-temporal saliency perception method based on spatio-temporal hypercomplex spectral contrast (HSC). Firstly, the proposed HSC algorithm represent the features in the HSV (hue, saturation and value) color space and features of motion by a hypercomplex number. Secondly, the spatio-temporal salient objects are efficiently detected by hypercomplex Fourier spectral contrast in parallel. Finally, our saliency perception model also incorporates with the non-uniform sampling, which is a common phenomenon of human vision that directs visual attention to the logarithmic center of the image/video in natural scenes. The experimental results on the public saliency perception datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach compared to eleven state-of-the-art approaches. In addition, we extend the proposed model to moving object extraction in dynamic scenes, and the proposed algorithm is superior to the traditional algorithms.
Macrophage Adiponectin Expression Improves Insulin Sensitivity and Protects Against Inflammation and Atherosclerosis (2010)

These results suggest that adiponectin expressed in macrophages can physiologically modulate metabolic activities in vivo by improving metabolism in distal tissues. The use of macrophages as carriers for adiponectin, a molecule with antidiabetes, anti-inflammatory, and antiatherogenic properties, provides a novel and unique strategy for studying the mechanisms of adiponectin-mediated alterations in body metabolism in vivo.
Firefly Luciferase Enzyme Fragment Complementation for Imaging in Cells and Living Animals (2005)

We identified different fragments of the firefly luciferase gene based on the crystal structure of firefly luciferase. These split reporter genes which encode for protein fragments, unlike the fragments currently used for studying protein−protein interactions, can self-complement and provide luciferase enzyme activity in different cell lines in culture and in living mice. The comparison of the fragment complementation associated recovery of firefly luciferase enzyme activity with intact firefly luciferase was estimated for different fragment combinations and ranged from 0.01 to 4% of the full firefly luciferase activity. Using a cooled optical charge-coupled device camera, the analysis of firefly luciferase fragment complementation in transiently transfected subcutaneous 293T cell implants in living mice showed significant detectable enzyme activity upon injecting d-luciferin, especially from the combinations of fragments identified (Nfluc and Cfluc are the N and C fragments of the firefly luciferase gene, respectively): Nfluc (1−475)/Cfluc (245−550), Nfluc (1−475)/Cfluc (265−550), and Nfluc (1−475)/Cfluc (300−550). The Cfluc (265−550) fragment, upon expression with the nuclear localization signal (NLS) peptide of SV40, shows reduced enzyme activity when the cells are cotransfected with the Nfluc (1−475) fragment expressed without NLS. We also proved in this study that the complementing fragments could be efficiently used for screening macromolecule delivery vehicles by delivering TAT−Cfluc (265−550) to cells stably expressing Nfluc (1−475) and recovering signal. These complementing fragments should be useful for many reporter-based assays including intracellular localization of proteins, studying cellular macromolecule delivery vehicles, studying cell−cell fusions, and also developing intracellular phosphorylation sensors based on fragment complementation.
Cyclization of Backbone-Substituted Peptides Catalyzed by the Thioesterase Domain from the Tyrocidine Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetase (2001)

The excised C-terminal thioesterase (TE) domain from the multidomain tyrocidine nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) was recently shown to catalyze head-to-tail cyclization of a decapeptide thioester to form the cyclic decapeptide antibiotic tyrocidine A [Trauger, J. W., Kohli, R. M., Mootz, H. D., Marahiel, M. A., and Walsh, C. T. (2000) Nature 407, 215-218]. The peptide thioester substrate was a mimic of the TE domain's natural, synthetase-bound substrate. We report here the synthesis of modified peptide thioester substrates in which parts of the peptide backbone are altered either by the replacement of three amino acid blocks with a flexible spacer or by replacement of individual amide bonds with ester bonds. Rates of TE domain catalyzed cyclization were determined for these substrates and compared with that of the wild-type substrate, revealing that some parts of the peptide backbone are important for cyclization, while other parts can be modified without significantly affecting the cyclization rate. We also report the synthesis of a modified substrate in which the N-terminal amino group of the wild-type substrate, which is the nucleophile in the cyclization reaction, is replaced with a hydroxyl group and show that this compound is cyclized by the TE domain to form a macrolactone at a rate comparable to that of the wild-type substrate. These results demonstrate that the TE domain from the tyrocidine NRPS can catalyze cyclization of depsipeptides and other backbone-substituted peptides and suggest that during the cyclization reaction the peptide substrate is preorganized for cyclization in the enzyme active site in part by intramolecular backbone hydrogen bonds analogous to those in the product tyrocidine A.
Identification of a novel 33-kDa C1q-binding site on human blood platelets. (1994)

The constitutive expression of a 60-kDa platelet membrane protein (cC1qR) recognizing the collagen-like amino terminal of C1q was previously described. Recently, a novel 33-kDa C1q receptor (gC1qR) that interacts with the globular head region of C1q was identified on Raji cells, as well as PBLs, neutrophils, and eosinophils. The present study demonstrates that polyclonal Abs directed against this novel C1q-binding protein also recognize a 33-kDa platelet membrane constituent on Western blots. Interestingly, Ab reactivity with platelets in suspension was minimal, but increased nearly 10-fold after platelet adhesion to collagen, fibrinogen, or fibronectin-coated surfaces. Similar increases in Ab reactivity were not achieved after platelet stimulation in suspension, even with strong agonists such as thrombin or A23187. Platelet function studies, however, demonstrated that both the globular C-terminal domain of C1q and the collagen-like N-terminal region participate in platelet aggregation in response to C1q multimers. Moreover, a synthetic 18 amino acid peptide (X18) corresponding to the amino terminal sequence of the cloned Raji cell gC1qR inhibited both platelet adhesion to immobilized C1q and aggregated C1q-induced platelet aggregation. Aggregated C1q-induced platelet aggregation was also inhibited by a mAb (1B4) directed against the recombinant gC1qR. The data support the involvement of both carboxy- and amino-terminal regions of C1q in platelet-C1q interactions, and suggest a role for the gC1qR in this process.
Competitive assessment of 200-mm epitaxial silicon wafer flatness (1998)

The flatness data indicates all suppliers are capable of supporting the 250 nm technology generation while several suppliers are already capable of supporting the 180 nm technology generation. It appears that individual parameter 300 mm polished wafer data are comparable with state-of-the- art and, indeed, may even be better than for 200 mm epitaxial wafers. Continued improvements in the control of the magnitude, tolerance and uniformity of silicon wafers is essential. A steep gradient in the learning curve is being pursued by all suppliers, especially for 300 mm wafers. However, it is also critical to balance the ''best wafer possible' against the cost-o-ownership (CoO) opportunity of not driving silicon requirements to the detection limit or ultimate tool resolution but to some less stringent and optimized value.
Novel Virulent Phages for Xylella fastidiosa and Other Members of the Xanthomonadaceae (2013)

The xylem-limited bacterium, Xylella fastidiosa, is the causal agent of several plant diseases, most notably Pierce’s Disease of grapes and citrus variegated chlorosis. We report on the isolation and characterization of the first virulent phages for X. fastidiosa, Xfas103, Xfas106, Xfas303, Xfas304, with host ranges extending to Xanthomonas. Efficiency of plating on X. fastidiosa strain Temecula or Xanthomonas strain EC-12 ranged from 1.41 x 10^(-1) to 2.29 x 10^(-3) , depending on propagating and plating host. Phages propagated on homologous hosts had an observed adsorption rate constant of (4.33 ± 0.28) x 10^(-12) ml cell^(-1) min^(-1) for strain Temecula, and ranged from (4.58 ± 0.30) x 10^(-10) to (7.26 ± 0.42) x 10^(-10) ml cell^(-1) min^(-1) for strain EC-12. Siphophages Xfas103 and Xfas106 exhibit over 80% nucleotide identity to each other and are syntenic to phage BcepNazgul. Here it is proposed that phage BcepNazgul is the founding member of a novel phage type, to which Xfas103 and Xfas106 belong. Podophages Xfas303 and Xfas304 show no significant DNA homology, both encode for a single subunit RNA polymerase at the right end of the class II gene cluster, and are new members of the phiKMV-like phage type. The four phages utilize Type IV pili as receptors to infect strains Temecula and EC-12. The phages may be useful as agents for an effective and environmentally friendly strategy for the control of diseases caused by X. fastidiosa.
Object tracking using affine structure for point correspondences (2002)

A new object tracking algorithm based on affine structure has been developed and it is shown that its performance is better than that of a Kalman filter based correlation tracker. The algorithm is fast, reliable, viewpoint invariant, and insensitive to occlusion and/or individual corner disappearance or reappearance. Detailed experimental analysis on a long real image sequence is also presented.
Editors' Choice—Electrocatalyzed Oxygen Reduction at Manganese Oxide Nanoarchitectures: From Electroanalytical Characterization to Device-Relevant Performance in Composite Electrodes (2018)

We assess the effect of the pore–solid architecture of cryptomelane-type manganese oxide (MnOx) xerogels and aerogels on electrocatalysis of the oxygen-reduction reaction (ORR) using three different electrochemical test platforms. Rotating-disk electrode measurements at ink-cast films of carbon + MnOx show that both MnOx nanoarchitectures exhibit comparable intrinsic ORR activity for four-electron reduction with a low onset overpotential (∼310 mV). The MnOx xerogel and aerogel powders were also incorporated into practical powder–composite electrodes that include carbon and polymer binder. When evaluated in an air-breathing three-electrode electroanalytical cell, the aerogel-based composite electrode exhibits an overpotential lowered by ∼50 mV compared to the xerogel-based analog. The superior performance of the aerogel-based composite is also demonstrated in zinc–air button cells, with up to 100 mV improvement in discharge voltage at moderate-to-challenging current densities (5–125 mA cm–2). We ascribe the enhanced activity of the MnOx aerogel-based composite to a more uniform dispersion of the aerogel powder within the carbon/binder matrix, as verified by focused-ion beam−scanning electron microscopy and elemental mapping. The results reported herein highlight the importance of assessing the translation of electrocatalytic activity from fundamental measurements to technologically relevent electrode structures.
Remote sensing of stratospheric and mesospheric winds by gas correlation electrooptic phase-modulation spectroscopy (1983)

A method is described for directly measuring atmospheric winds in the 20–120-km altitude interval from a spacecraft. The principle of operation of the wind sensor is the measurement of the Doppler shift between the spectral absorption lines of a gas in a cell within the instrument and the thermal emission lines of the same gas in the atmosphere. The wind measurements are to be made with a spacecraft-borne gas correlation spectrometer viewing the limb of the atmosphere. The measurement of the wind-induced Doppler shift between the two spectra, and thence the magnitude of the wind itself, is accomplished by phase modulating the incoming thermal radiation (equivalent to frequency modulation) by means of an electrooptically active crystal to determine the frequency shift required to reestablish exact correlation between the lines in the cell and the lines from the atmosphere. Results of numerical simulations of the wind-sensor performance are presented showing the noise-equivalent-wind to be between 1 and 5 m/sec over most of the stratosphere and mesosphere.
Effects of Amino Acids Supplement on Physiological Adaptations to Resistance Training (2009)

MA supplementation beneficially affected training-induced changes in lean body mass, muscle strength, and power, as well as hormonal responses and markers of muscle damage in response to 12 wk of resistance exercise training when compared with an isonitrogenous control.
Photodecomposition of Liquid Water with TiO<sub>2</sub>‐Supported Noble Metal Clusters (1983)

Abstract Rh‐ and Ru‐loaded TiO 2 ‐particles were produced from cluster precursors (Rh 6 (CO) 16 , Ru 3 (CO) 12 ) and their activity in mediating H 2 O‐decomposition through band‐gap excitation was investigated. Activity increases in the order Ru&lt;RuO 2 &lt;Rh≃Rh 2 O 3 . Bifunctional Rh/RuO 2 ‐loaded TiO 2 exhibits optimal performance with overall light‐to‐chemical‐energy conversion efficiency of 0.13%. Lack of O 2 ‐appearance in the gas phase during photlysis observed with closed systems is due to photo‐uptake of O 2 by the TiO 2 ‐particles. In alkaline solution the capacity for O 2 ‐uptake is surprisingly high and the nature of the stored O 2 is tentatively identified as a μ‐peroxo‐bridged Ti‐species.
The design of a spoken language interface (1990)

Fast and accurate speech recognition systems systems bring with them the possibility of designing effective voice driven applications. Efforts to this date have involved the construction of monolithic systems, necessitating repetition of effort as each new system is implemented. In this paper, we describe an initial implementation of a general spoken language interface, the Carnegie Mellon Spoken Language Shell (CM-SLS) which provides voice interface services to a variable number of applications running on the same computer. We also present a system built using CM-SLS, the Office Manager, which provides the user with voice access to facilities such as an appointment calendar, a personal database, and voice mail.
Shocks induced by secondary fluid injection (1965)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
Effect of T4 count and cofactors on the incidence of AIDS in homosexual men infected with human immunodeficiency virus (1987)

We prospectively evaluated potential markers and cofactors for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in 86 homosexual men who were seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus antibodies. During three years of follow-up, 19 men developed AIDS. Risk of AIDS was clearly predicted by the total number of circulating OKT4-positive lymphocytes (T4 count) at enrollment, while the corresponding T8 count was unrelated to subsequent AIDS development. Subjects in Manhattan had a higher risk of Kaposi's sarcoma than did subjects in Washington, DC, and the risk of AIDS tended to increase with numerous homosexual partners. Several of 40 potential cofactors defined ex post facto, including receptive fellatio, enemas, methaqualone use, and high levels of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen, appeared to be associated with Kaposi's sarcoma but not with<i>Pneumocystis</i>pneumonia. Our data suggest that potent cofactors for<i>Pneumocystis</i>pneumonia were not prominent, pointing to the need for effective drug therapies, particularly to reduce the high AIDS risk of persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection and low T4 counts. (<i>JAMA</i>1987;257:331-334)
NMR Imaging for Core Analysis (1988)

ABSTRACT 2 Tesla, 12" horizontal bore NMR systems have been adapted for imaging/spectroscopy of oil cores. Strong and fast shielded gradients (up to 18 G/cm with a settling time of less than a few hundred microseconds) have been developed to produce good quality images of cores with very short relaxation times. Accurate and rapid spectroscopic porosity measurements have been made on carbonate and sandstone whole cores, including some shaly samples. Porosity images have been made of carbonates and clean sandstones. Oil/water saturation has been determined spectroscopically in carbonates and clean sandstones, and selective water and oil images have been produced. Other NMR nuclei, such as H2 (deuterium), C13, F19, and Na23 can be used for a variety of oil core applications. In particular, we have produced C13 spectra of oil in many different rocks; these spectra can potentially determine oil saturation in shaly materials where the proton NMR lines of oil and water overlap.1
Prefetching from a broadcast disk (2002)

Broadcast disks have been proposed as a means to efficiently deliver data to clients in "asymmetric" environments where the available bandwidth from the server to the clients greatly exceeds the bandwidth in the opposite direction. A previous study investigated the use of cost based caching to improve performance when clients access the broadcast in a demand driven manner (S. Acharya et al., 1995). Such demand driven access however, does not fully exploit the dissemination based nature of the broadcast, which is particularly conducive to client prefetching. With a broadcast disk, pages continually flow past the clients so that in contrast to traditional environments, prefetching can be performed without placing additional load on shared resources. We argue for the use of a simple prefetch heuristic called PT and show that PT balances the cache residency time of a data item with its bandwidth allocation. Because of this tradeoff, PT is very tolerant of variations in the broadcast program. We describe an implementable approximation for PT and examine its sensitivity to access probability estimation errors. The results show that the technique is effective even when the probability estimation is substantially different from the actual values.