gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential Activity of the 30-kD and the 100-kD Forms of 2′-5′A <sub>n</sub> Synthetase Induced by Recombinant Human Interferon-α and Interferon-γ (1988)

Two molecular weight variants of the interferon (IFN)-induced intracellular enzyme 2',5'-oligoadenylate (2-5A) synthetase have been described recently; a 100-kD (cytoplasmic) and a 30-kD (intranuclear) form of the enzyme. The 30-kD form has been located primarily in the nucleus, while the 100-kD enzyme was found mainly in the cytoplasm. We examined 2-5A synthetase activity in extracts of human melanoma (Hs294t) cells treated with either recombinant (r) IFN-alpha A or rIFN-gamma to determine the differential regulation of these enzyme subtypes by treatment with the two types of IFN. Cells were treated (continuous exposure) with doses of rIFN-alpha A (1,000 U/ml) or rIFN-gamma (5,000 U/ml), each of which reduced the number of viable cells to 50% of control values (ED50) by day 3 of treatment. At equieffective doses, the maximal increase in 2-5A synthetase occurred at 48 h for both rIFN-alpha A and rIFN-gamma continuous exposure. The maximal 2-5A intracellular activities at 48 h were 800 +/- 40 and 160 +/- 15 nmoles/mg protein for rIFN-alpha A and rIFN-gamma treatment, respectively. High-performance gel permeation chromatography of cell lysates resolved the 2-5A activity into both 100-kD and 30-kD fractions. At 48 h after treatment with rIFN-alpha A, the activity of the 30-kD synthetase was approximately twofold greater than that of the 100-kD enzyme. In contrast, the activity of both 30- and 100-kD enzymes were equivalent 48 h after treatment with rIFN-gamma.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Electrocardiographically and symptomatically silent myocardial ischemia during exercise testing. (1991)

Certain patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) may have neither ST depression nor chest pain during exercise despite the presence of myocardial ischemia. The frequency and characteristics of such electrocardiographically and symptomatically silent ischemia were studied in 171 patients with both angiographically documented CAD and scintigraphically documented ischemia. Fifty-six (33%) of 171 patients had neither ST depression nor chest pain (Group N), and 115 (67%) had ST depression and/or chest pain (Group P). The two groups were similar with respect to age, gender, the prevalence of prior infarction, and peak systolic blood pressure. Group N patients, however, had a higher mean peak heart rate and rate-pressure product, less severe scintigraphic ischemia, a lower lung thallium-201 uptake, and a smaller number of diseased vessels. Stepwise discriminant analysis showed a history of effort angina, lung thallium-201 uptake, and scintigraphic severity of ischemia to be significant discriminators between Groups N and P. In conclusion, electrocardiographically and symptomatically silent ischemia may be common during exercise in patients with CAD, and less severe ischemia may be one of important determinants.
Future generation photovoltaic technologies : first NREL conference : Denver, CO March 1997 (1997)

This conference proceedings volume emphasizes the technical discussion and assessment of recent achievements of photovoltaic (PV) technologies that have a long-term potential to simultaneously achieve high performance and very low cost. Among the topics covered are those technologies not in production and not expected to enter production soon because additional long-term research, development, and innovation are needed. The 38 oral presentations in 6 sessions touched on criteria for new PV concepts; the roles of government, industry, and universities in developing new concepts; dye-sensitized photochemical cells; single-crystal-like films on low-cost substrates; other innovative concepts; and new materials and device architectures.
Authenticating Image Metadata Elements Using Geolocation Information and Sun Direction Estimation (2012)

Image metadata provides useful information for applications such as image retrieval, content description and geolocation. However, it is relatively easy to tamper with this data using metadata manipulation tools. In this paper, we address the issue of authenticating the time of capture of an image based on its geolocation information. By utilizing a novel two-stage shadow detection process, we are able to estimate the azimuthal direction of the sun in an image and compare it against a calculated theoretical value to establish the authenticity of the time of capture. Results are provided which show that our technique is able to estimate the sun azimuth, and thereby the time of capture, with good accuracy. Additional results pertaining to date verification and camera direction estimation are also provided.
Janus kinase activation by cytokine oncostatin M decreases PCSK9 expression in liver cells (2011)

PCSK9 degrades LDL receptor (LDLR) in liver and thereby influences the circulating level of LDL cholesterol. Hence, mechanisms inhibiting PCSK9 expression have potential for cholesterol-lowering intervention. Previously, we demonstrated that oncostatin M (OM) activates LDLR gene transcription, resulting in an increased LDL uptake in HepG2 cells and a reduction of plasma LDL in hypercholesterolemic hamsters. Here we identify the suppression of PCSK9 expression by OM as one new mechanism that increases LDLR protein in HepG2 cells. Treating HepG2 cells with OM decreases PCSK9 mRNA and protein levels. Inhibition studies and small interfering RNA -targeted depletion revealed a critical role for JAK1 and JAK2 in mediating this OM inhibitory effect. Furthermore, we showed that OM induces transient phosphorylation of STAT1, STAT3, and STAT5 and sustained activation of ERK signaling molecules. While depletion of STAT members in HepG2 cells did not affect OM inhibitory activity on PCSK9 expression, blocking activation of the MEK1/ERK signaling pathway resulted in attenuation of the OM inhibitory effect. Finally, by using an anti-hamster PCSK9 antibody, we demonstrated the in vivo suppression of liver PCSK9 mRNA and protein expression by OM in hypercholesterolemic hamsters. Our study uncovered a cytokine-triggered regulatory network for PCSK9 expression that is linked to JAKs and the ERK signaling pathway.
k-ras mutation and occupational asbestos exposure in lung adenocarcinoma: asbestos-related cancer without asbestosis. (1999)

Environmental carcinogen exposure is requisite for the development of nearly all lung cancer, and it is well known that asbestos exposure interacts synergistically with tobacco smoke to induce lung cancer. However, the precise molecular lesions induced by asbestos are unknown. Furthermore, it is also unknown whether asbestos carcinogenesis proceeds in a fashion independent of or dependent upon the induction of fibrosis in workers with high asbestos exposures. Previous studies have suggested that asbestos is associated with the presence of a k-ras mutation in adenocarcinoma of the lung. We aimed to test whether occupational asbestos exposure was associated with k-ras codon 12 mutations in lung adenocarcinoma tumors and to determine whether this was conditional on the presence of asbestosis. All newly diagnosed, resectable lung cancer patients receiving treatment at the Massachusetts General Hospital between November 1992 and December 1996 were eligible to participate. Because k-ras mutation is very strongly associated with adenocarcinoma, and men were more likely to be occupationally exposed to asbestos, the study was restricted to males with this histological diagnosis. There were 84 male patients with available questionnaire-derived work history data and paraffin-embedded tumor tissue for determination of k-ras mutation status. Chest radiographic evaluation was done for all of the patients who reported occupational exposure to asbestos. The prevalence of k-ras mutation was higher among those with a history of occupational asbestos exposure (crude odds ratio, 4.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.5-15.4) compared to those without asbestos exposure, and this association remained after adjustment for age and pack-years smoked (adjusted odds ratio, 6.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.7-28.6). An index score that weights both the dates of exposure and the estimated intensity of exposure indicated that those with k-ras mutations had significantly greater asbestos exposures than those without mutations (P < 0.01). Analysis of the descriptive components of exposure indicated that the duration of exposure was not associated with k-ras mutation, but that the time since initial exposure was significantly associated with mutation status. The association of k-ras mutation and reported asbestos exposure was not dependent on the presence of radiographic evidence of asbestos-related disease. These data suggest that asbestos exposure increases the likelihood of mutation at k-ras codon 12 and that this process occurs independently of the induction of interstitial fibrosis.
Valacyclovir treatment in Epstein-Barr virus subset chronic fatigue syndrome: thirty-six months follow-up. (2007)

We hypothesized that subset classification of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is required. At first, a blinded-random placebo-controlled trial of valacyclovir in EBV CFS subset was performed (Group 1), and this EBV subset was followed for thirty-six months (Group 2). Patients were given valacyclovir at 14.3 mg/kg every 6 hours. The validated Energy Index (EI) point score assessing physical functional capacity, Holter monitor, multigated (radionuclide) MUGA rest/stress ventriculographic examination, EBV serum IgM viral capsid antibodies (VCA), and EBV early antigen diffuse (EA) were followed. After six-months, Group 1 CFS patients receiving valacyclovir experienced an increased mean least square EI point score +1.12 units (122 kcal/day), while the placebo cohort increased +0.42 EI units (65 kcal/day). EI point scores at Group 2 increased progressively. Sinus tachycardias decreased and abnormal cardiac wall motion improved. Serum antibody titers to EBV VCA IgM decreased. Patients resumed normal activities.
Phosphoglycerate kinase from the extreme thermophile <i>Thermus thermophilus</i> Crystallization and preliminary X‐ray data (1987)

The glycolytic enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase has been prepared from the extreme thermophile Thermus thermophilus . In contrast to its eukaryote equivalents (yeast and horse muscle) this prokaryotic enzyme crystallizes from ammonium sulphate in the presence of nucleotide substrates. These crystals are of a form and size well suited to high resolution X‐ray diffraction study using rotation camera techniques.
Clinical and Genetic Investigation of a Japanese Family With Cardiac Fabry Disease Identification of a Novel .ALPHA.-Galactosidase A Missense Mutation (G195V) (2011)

Fabry disease is an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations of the α-galactosidase A gene (GLA), and the disease is a relatively prevalent cause of left ventricular hypertrophy mimicking idiopathic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. We assessed clinically 5 patients of a three-generation family and also searched for GLA mutations in 10 family members. The proband had left ventricular hypertrophy with localized thinning in the basal posterior wall and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) in the near-circumferential wall in cardiovascular magnetic resonance images and her sister had vasospastic angina pectoris without organic stenosis of the coronary arteries. LGE notably appeared in parallel with decreased α-galactosidase A activity and increased NT-pro BNP in our patients. We detected a new GLA missense mutation (G195V) in exon 4, resulting in a glycine-to-valine substitution. Of the 10 family members, 5 family members each were positive and negative for this mutation. These new data extend our clinical and molecular knowledge of GLA gene mutations and confirm that a novel missense mutation in the GLA gene is important not only for a precise diagnosis of heterozygous status, but also for confirming relatives who are negative for this mutation.
Epitaxial Growth of GaN by Helicon Wave Plasma Assisted Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition Process (1998)

A high density helicon wave plasma (HWP) source was used to synthesize a thin film of GaN epilayer on sapphire (0001). The plasma source coupled with RF field was diagnosed with the aid of an electrical probe and an ion energy analyzer in order to investigate its applicability to the epitaxial film growth process. The helicon wave excited plasma produced by Ar+N 2 mixed gases was extensively investigated to enhance activated nitrogens while simultaneously reducing their ion energy for their utilization in the synthesis of GaN film with the help of a TMGa precursor. By controlling the mixing ratio of Ar to N 2 gases, the optimum plasma conditions suitable for growing the GaN epilayer were determined to be as follows: ratio of Ar to total (Ar+N 2 ) gas flow \cong0.5, RF power of 400 W and axial magnetic field of 750 G. The GaN films synthesized by the HWP-assisted MOCVD process under optimum deposition conditions featured good crystallinity, and showed a full width of half maximum (FWHM) of 6.5 arcmin for the GaN (002) peak rocking curve. The effects of deposition temperature, group III/V elemental ratio and plasma conditions on the crystalline quality of the film are discussed.
Formation, physiology, ecology, evolution and clinical importance of bacterial persisters (2017)

Persisters are transiently tolerant variants that allow populations to avoid eradication by antibiotic treatment. Their antibiotic tolerance is non-genetic, not inheritable and results from a phenotypic switch from the normal, sensitive cell type to the tolerant, persister state. Here we give a comprehensive overview on bacterial persistence. We first define persistence, summarize the various aspects of persister physiology and show their heterogeneous nature. We then focus on the role of key cellular processes and mechanisms controlling the formation of a subpopulation of tolerant cells. Being a prime example of a risk-spreading strategy, we next discuss the eco-evolutionary aspects of persistence, e.g. how persistence evolves in the face of treatment with antibiotics. Finally, we illustrate the clinical importance of persisters, as persistence is worsening the worldwide antibiotic crisis by prolonging antibiotic treatment, causing therapy failure or catalyzing the development of genetically encoded antibiotic resistance. A better understanding of this phenotype is critical in our fight against pathogenic bacteria and to obtain a better outlook on future therapies.
A pathology atlas of the human cancer transcriptome (2017)

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death, and there is great interest in understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis and progression of individual tumors. We used systems-level approaches to analyze the genome-wide transcriptome of the protein-coding genes of 17 major cancer types with respect to clinical outcome. A general pattern emerged: Shorter patient survival was associated with up-regulation of genes involved in cell growth and with down-regulation of genes involved in cellular differentiation. Using genome-scale metabolic models, we show that cancer patients have widespread metabolic heterogeneity, highlighting the need for precise and personalized medicine for cancer treatment. All data are presented in an interactive open-access database (www.proteinatlas.org/pathology) to allow genome-wide exploration of the impact of individual proteins on clinical outcomes.
Radio resource assignment scheme for asymmetric traffic in CDMA/shared-TDD cellular packet communications (2005)

The shared-TDD scheme has been proposed to accommodate asymmetric communications between uplink and downlink. The accommodation of connectionless services in shared-TDD systems causes a difficulty of TDD boundary control. The paper proposes a TDD boundary control (resource assignment) scheme, which can optimize the TDD boundary based on the ratio of uplink to downlink traffic in CDMA/shared-TDD systems with connectionless services. Computer simulations show that the proposed scheme effectively controls the radio resource, and thus improves total throughput performance.
Converse Piezoelectric Effect Induced Transverse Deflection of a Free-Standing ZnO Microbelt (2009)

We demonstrate the first electric field induced transverse deflection of a single-crystal, free-standing ZnO microbelt as a result of converse piezoelectric effect. For a microbelt growing along the c-axis, a shear stress in the a-c plane can be induced when an electric field E is applied along the a-axis of the wurtzite structure. As amplified by the large aspect ratio of the microbelt that grows along the c-axis, the strain localized near the root can be detected via the transverse deflection perpendicular to the ZnO microbelt. After an experimental approach was carefully designed and possible artifacts were ruled out, the experimentally observed degree of deflection of the microbelt agrees well with the theoretically expected result. The device demonstrated has potential applications as transverse actuators/sensors/switches and electric field induced mechanical deflectors.
Synthesis of <i>N</i>‐alkyl derivatives of 4‐(2′‐aminoethyl)indole (1982)

Abstract N ‐Substituted 4‐(2′‐aminoethyl)indoles are attainable in good yields from indole‐4‐acetic acid ( 2 ). Several methods of preparation for 2 were tried or considered. A new sequence involving Arndt‐Eistert homologation of indole‐4‐carboxylic acid has been devised, which is no more laborious than a literature homologation sequence involving indole‐4‐acetonitrile, and which provides somewhat better overall yields than the literature method.
BACTERIA–MAST CELL INTERACTIONS IN INFLAMMATORY DISEASE (1995)

Chronic inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are characterized by mast cell proliferation and secretion of inflammatory mediators. The determinant(s) responsible for stimulating mast cells in the intestinal mucosa is not known. We investigated the interaction of mast cells with type 1 fimbriated Escherichia coli, an opportunistic pathogen and a constituent of the normal indigenous microflora of the gut. Unlike a mutant derivative deficient in the FimH subunit of the fimbriae or nonfimbriated E. coli, type 1 fimbriated E. coli adhered avidly to mast cells. As a consequence of this interaction, the mast cells phagocytozed and killed adherent bacteria. The mast cell bactericidal activity involved generation of superoxide anion and acidification of phagocytic vacuoles. In addition, many of the mast cells had degranulated and released inflammatory mediators such as histamine. These observations have implications both for normal host defense and for the initiation and perpetuation of inappropriate inflammatory responses in the gastrointestinal tract.
Monofunctional chorismate mutase from Bacillus subtilis: purification of the protein, molecular cloning of the gene, and overexpression of the gene product in Escherichia coli (1990)

The monofunctional chorismate mutase from Bacillus subtilis has been purified 2200-fold to homogeneity. The enzyme is a homodimer of subunit Mr = 14,500 and is the smallest natural chorismate mutase that has been characterized. The purified enzyme follows Michaelis-Menten kinetics with a Km of 100 microM and a kcat of 50 s-1, carries no other associated enzymic activities, and is unaffected by any of the aromatic amino acids. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the protein has been determined, and this information has been used to construct a precise oligonucleotide probe for the gene by means of in vitro DNA amplification from total chromosomal DNA by the polymerase chain reaction. The cloned aroH gene encodes a protein of 127 amino acid residues and is expressed in Escherichia coli. The cloned gene product is indistinguishable from that purified from Bacillus. The aroH coding region was directly subcloned into a phagemid expression vector by means of the polymerase chain reaction. The resulting construct, with the aroH gene positioned behind efficient transcription and translation initiation sequences of E. coli, results in the production of the monofunctional mutase at levels of 30-35% of the soluble cell protein in E. coli transformants. Chorismate mutases comprise a set of functionally related proteins that show little sequence similarity to each other. This diversity stands in contrast to other chorismate-utilizing enzymes.
An improved teaching–learning based robust edge detection algorithm for noisy images (2016)

This paper presents an improved Teaching Learning Based Optimization (TLO) and a methodology for obtaining the edge maps of the noisy real life digital images. TLO is a population based algorithm that simulates the teaching-learning mechanism in class rooms, comprising two phases of teaching and learning. The 'Teaching Phase' represents learning from the teacher and 'Learning Phase' indicates learning by the interaction between learners. This paper introduces a third phase denoted by "Avoiding Phase" that helps to keep the learners away from the worst students with a view of exploring the problem space more effectively and escaping from the sub-optimal solutions. The improved TLO (ITLO) explores the solution space and provides the global best solution. The edge detection problem is formulated as an optimization problem and solved using the ITLO. The results of real life and medical images illustrate the performance of the developed method.
STUDY ON THE CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF DOUBLE CANCERS ASSOCIATED WITH RENAL CELL CARCINOMA (1998)

The gastric cancer is most frequently observed as double cancer in both of male and female patients with RCC. But, in the female patients, it shows more frequently died of double cancers associated with RCC compared with those in male. Furthermore, as to the timing at the detection of double cancer is asynchronous in all female patients with RCC.
Phosphatidylserine exposure on the surface of <i><scp>L</scp>eishmania amazonensis</i> amastigotes modulates <i>in vivo</i> infection and dendritic cell function (2012)

Leishmania amazonensis parasites can cause diverse forms of leishmaniasis in humans and persistent lesions in most inbred strains of mice. In both cases, the infection is characterized by a marked immunosuppression of the host. We previously showed that amastigote forms of the parasite make use of surface-exposed phosphatidylserine (PS) molecules to infect host cells and promote alternative macrophage activation, leading to uncontrolled intracellular proliferation of the parasites. In this study, we demonstrated that treatment of infected mice with a PS-targeting monoclonal antibody ameliorated parasite loads and lesion development, which correlated with increased proliferative responses by lymphocytes. In addition, we observed an enhanced dendritic cell (DC) activation and antigen presentation in vitro. Our data imply that the recognition of PS exposed on the surface of amastigotes plays a role in down-modulating DC functions, in a matter similar to that of apoptotic cell clearance. This study provides new information regarding the mechanism of immune suppression in Leishmania infection.
Field-Compensated Michelson Spectrometers (1972)

It was first shown by Pierre Connes (1956) that the resolution-luminosity product of a Michelson spec- trometer could be substantially improved by the technique of field compensation. In the present paper, various systems of field compensation are discussed, and an account is given of the tolerances allowed in their operation, together with their areas of usefulness.