gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A study of novel heat‐resistant polymers: Preparation of photosensitive fluorinated polybenzoxazole precursors and physical properties of polybenzoxazoles derived from the precursors (1990)

Abstract A series of novel photosensitive polybenzoxazole precursors were prepared from polycondensation of 2,2‐bis(3,3′‐amino‐4,4′‐hydroxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane with photosensitive dicarboxylic acid chlorides such as p ‐phenylenediacryloyl chloride and benzophenone‐4,4′‐dicarboxylic chloride. The precursors are soluble in common organic solvents owing to the presence of perfluoromethyl groups in the chain structure, and insolubilized in the solvents on irradiation with the light. Polybenzoxazole patterns with high resolution as well as high aspect ratio were reproduced by baking the precursor patterns at 300°C. The pattern shrinkage on the conversion to polybenzoxazole was slight. The polybenzoxazole films offered good heat‐resistance up to 400°C in addition to good electrical properties.
Compressed video processing for cut detection (1996)

One of the challenging problems in video databases is the organisation of video information. Segmenting a video into a number of clips and characterising each clip has been suggested as one mechanism for organising video information. This approach requires a suitable method to automatically locate cut points (boundaries between consecutive camera shots in a video). Several existing techniques solve this problem using uncompressed video. Since video is increasingly being captured, moved, and stored in compressed form, there is a need for detecting shot boundaries directly in compressed video. The authors address this issue and show certain feature extraction steps in MPEG compressed video that allow the implementation of most of the existing cut detection methods developed for uncompressed video for MPEG video stream. They also examine the performance of three tests for cut detection by viewing the problem of cut detection as a statistical hypothesis testing problem. As the experimental results indicate, the statistical hypothesis testing approach permits fast and accurate detection of video cuts.
Strong terahertz absorption bands in a scaled plasmonic crystal (2007)

The authors show the existence of strong absorption bands at terahertz frequencies in scaled plasmonic crystals composed of a periodic arrangement of two-dimensional electron-gas shells. The absorption bands appear as a result of the excitation of plasmon modes supported by the shells and can be tuned throughout the entire terahertz spectral region by varying the electron-gas density in the shells. These plasmonic crystals exhibit promising properties enabling their applications as tunable terahertz filters, absorbers, and thermally activated sources.
Amino acids Glu2 to Ile18 in the cytoplasmic domain of phospholamban are essential for functional association with the Ca(2+)-ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum. (1994)

Phospholamban inhibits the Ca(2+)-ATPase of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum by lowering its affinity for Ca2+. In earlier studies (Toyofuku, T., Kazimierz, K., Tada, M., and MacLennan, D. H. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 2809-2815), parts of the phosphorylation and nucleotide binding/hinge domains of the Ca(2+)-ATPase were shown to be essential for phospholamban interaction. In order to identify the sites in phospholamban which interact with the Ca(2+)-ATPase, a series of mutants containing amino acid replacements in the cytoplasmic and transmembrane regions of phospholamban were co-expressed with the cardiac/slow-twitch muscle Ca(2+)-ATPase isozyme, SERCA2a, in HEK-293 cells. Mutation of residues in the cytoplasmic 1A domain of phospholamban, including positively charged residues, Lys3, Arg9, Arg13, and Arg14, negatively charged residue, Glu2, hydrophobic residues, Val4, Leu7, Ala11, Ile12, Ala15, and Ile18, and phosphorylation site residues, Ser16 and Thr17, resulted in loss of the inhibitory effect of phospholamban on Ca2+ transport by the Ca(2+)-ATPase. By contrast, mutation of Met1, Gln5, Tyr6, Thr8, Ser10, Glu19, or Met20 or of residues in the cytoplasmic 1B domain (Pro21 to Asn30) and of Cys41 in the transmembrane domain (Leu31 to Leu52) did not diminish the inhibitory effects of phospholamban on Ca2+ transport. These results suggest that a region essential for functional association of phospholamban with the Ca(2+)-ATPase lies in the cytoplasmic 1A domain of phospholamban.
Quality of Life and Memory after Vagus Nerve Stimulator Implantation for Epilepsy (2008)

This first case controlled design found that vagus nerve stimulation as an adjunctive therapy for seizure control did not change QOL, depressive affect, or objective memory scores over one-year more so than medical management alone. We point out the need for larger case control, non-industry funded investigations.
Colorimetric detection of thiol-containing amino acids using gold nanoparticles (2002)

This paper reports findings of an investigation of the unusual colorimetric change of gold nanoparticles in the presence of thiol-containing amino acids such as homocysteine, cysteine and glutathione. The colorimetric change for homocysteine exhibits a rate that is about two orders of magnitude higher than that for cysteine, and at least five orders of magnitude higher than that for glutathione. The reactivity is effectively reduced or suppressed by the coexistence of either cysteine or glutathione. It is believed that the reactivity involves encapsulation of the particles by the thiol-containing amino acids which is followed by crosslinking at the encapsulating shells. In comparison with cysteine and glutathione, homocysteine has a slower encapsulating rate but a faster crosslinking rate. Implications of the findings of the interfacial encapsulation and crosslinking reactivities of gold nanoparticles to potential nanoparticle-enhanced analytical detection of thiol-containing amino acids are also briefly discussed.
Pharmacological inhibition of Rho-kinase signaling with Y-27632 blocks melanoma tumor growth. (2010)

Primarily through in vitro studies, the Rho-family of small GTPases and their effector proteins have been implicated in mediating oncogenic properties of cancer cells. We sought to determine if pharmacological inhibition of the RhoA effector proteins known as Rho-kinases (ROCK) with the small molecule inhibitor Y-27632 could inhibit melanoma in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrate that Y-27632 treatment of a panel of melanoma cells alters cellular morphology leading to spindly cells with decreased lamellipodia and increased filopodia formation. Y-27632 treatment decreases invasion and alters cell survival of cultured melanoma cells. IP injection of Y-27632 in tumor-bearing mice resulted in a reduction in melanoma tumor volume compared to control treated mice. These findings suggest that ROCK inhibition can reduce melanoma tumorigenicity.
An expert system in process design-analysis of process safety and reliability (2003)

Describes HAZOPEX, an expert system supporting the safety analysis of process systems. It is being developed in the Technical Research Centre of Finland, and is based on the hazard and operability study (HAZOP), which is widely used in the European process industry. Advanced programming techniques are used in the development of HAZOPEX. All entities in the application are represented as objects in an object hierarchy. Techniques like inheritance of characteristics and rule-based reasoning are available in the development environment in addition to Lisp and interactive graphics. The structure and application of HAZOPEX are described, and its implementation using an advanced development environment is discussed. As an example, the problem of high temperature is analyzed in an example process system consisting of tanks, valves, pumps and a heat exchanger.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Editorial Vol.2(1) (2013)

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/updcj.v2i1.13953 Update Dent. Coll. j: 2012; 2 (1): 01
In vivo photoacoustic and photothermal cytometry for monitoring multiple blood rheology parameters (2011)

Alterations of blood rheology (hemorheology) are important for the early diagnosis, prognosis, and prevention of many diseases, including myocardial infarction, stroke, sickle cell anemia, thromboembolism, trauma, inflammation, and malignancy. However, real-time in vivo assessment of multiple hemorheological parameters over long periods of time has not been reported. Here, we review the capabilities of label-free photoacoustic (PA) and photothermal (PT) flow cytometry for dynamic monitoring of hemorhelogical parameters in vivo which we refer to as photoacoustic and photothermal blood rheology. Using phenomenological models, we analyze correlations between both PT and PA signal characteristics in the dynamic modes and following determinants of blood rheology: red blood cell (RBC) aggregation, deformability, shape (e.g., as in sickle cells), intracellular hemoglobin distribution, individual cell velocity, hematocrit, and likely shear rate. We present ex vivo and in vivo experimental verifications involving high-speed PT imaging of RBCs, identification of sickle cells in a mouse model of human sickle cell disease and in vivo monitoring of complex hemorheological changes (e.g., RBC deformability, hematocrit and RBC aggregation). The multi-parameter platform that integrates PT, PA, and conventional optical techniques has potential for translation to clinical applications using safe, portable, laser-based medical devices for point-of-care screening of disease progression and therapy efficiency.
Polymer monolith‐integrated multilayer poly(dimethylsiloxane) microchip for online microextraction and capillary electrophoresis (2010)

We reported the in situ synthesis and use of porous polymer monolith (PPM) columns in an integrated multilayer PDMS/glass microchip for microvalve-assisted on-line microextraction and microchip electrophoresis for the first time. Under the control of PDMS microvalves, the grafting of the microchannel surface and in situ photopolymerization of poly(methacrylic acid-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) monolith in a defined zone were successfully achieved. Different factors including the surface grafting, polymerization time, PDMS elastic properties (ratio of oligomer/curing reagent) and UV intensity that affect the monolith synthesis in the PDMS microchannel were investigated and optimized. Dopamine, a model analyte, has been online microextracted, eluted, electrophoresized and electrochemically detected in the microchip, with a mean concentration enrichment factor of 80 (n=3). The results demonstrated that the PPM could be synthesized successfully in the PDMS microchip with a homogeneous structure and excellent mechanical properties. Furthermore, owing to the intrinsic character using PDMS in large-scale integrated microsystems, the implantation of PPM pretreatment units in PDMS microchips would make it possible to deal with complicated analytical processes in a high-throughput way.
Improved Designs of Metal–Organic Frameworks for Hydrogen Storage (2007)

Quick on the uptake: The metal–organic framework Mg-MOF-C30 (see picture) contains Mg4O(CO2)6 building units (pink) and aromatic organic linkers containing 30 carbon atoms (teal). This material leads to 8.08 wt % H2 uptake at 77 K and 20 bar, the highest among investigated MOF structures.
논문 : X선회절에 의한 구상흑연주철의 구름접촉 피로손상도 평가 (1997)

Evaluation of rolling contact fatigue damage as well as material development for roll of rolling mill is being studied until quite recently. In this paper, a focus has been imposed on evaluating the rolling contact fatigue damage. In order for this, the accumulating process of rolling contact damage using the ferritic, pearlitic and bainitic DCI has been analyzed by X-ray diffraction technique. The main finds are; 1) The graphite in DCI is considered to be a cause of interfering in the redistribution of stress. Eventually, it results in the branching of crack. 2) The evaluation of rolling contact fatigue damage can be estimated in terms of the change of residual stress and/or a half-value breadth on surface during rolling contact. (Received October 9, 1997)
Does phenylethylamine act as an endogenous amphetamine in some patients? (1999)

In brain capillary endothelium and catecholaminergic terminals a single decarboxylation step effected by aromatic amino-acid decarboxylase converts phenylalanine to phenylethylamine, at a rate comparable to that of the central synthesis of dopamine. Phenylethylamine, however, is not stored in intra-neuronal vesicles and is rapidly degraded by monoamine oxidase-B. Despite its short half-life, phenylethylamine attracts attention as an endogenous amphetamine since it can potentiate catecholaminergic neurotransmission and induce striatal hyperreactivity. Subnormal phenylethylamine levels have been linked to disorders such as attention deficit and depression; the use of selegiline (Deprenyl) in Parkinson's disease may conceivably favour recovery from deficient dopaminergic neurotransmission by a monoamine oxidase-B inhibitory action that increases central phenylethylamine. Excess phenylethylamine has been invoked particularly in paranoid schizophrenia, in which it is thought to act as an endogenous amphetamine and, therefore, would be antagonized by neuroleptics. The importance of phenylethylamine in mental disorders is far from fully elucidated but the evolution of phenylethylamine concentrations in relation to symptoms remains a worthwhile investigation for individual psychotic patients.
Insertion proQ220::Tn5 alters regulation of proline porter II, a transporter of proline and glycine betaine in Escherichia coli (1989)

Mutation pro-220::Tn5, which increases the resistance of Escherichia coli to 3,4-dehydroproline (M. E. Stalmach, S. Grothe, and J. M. Wood, J. Bacteriol. 156:481-486, 1983), is not linked to putP, proP, or proU. It was located at 40.4 min on the E. coli chromosomal linkage map, by conjugational and transductional mapping, and is now denoted proQ220::Tn5. Proline porter II was not detectable when proQ220::Tn5 proP+ bacteria were cultivated under optimal conditions or with nutritional stress (amino acid limitation). Toxic proline analog sensitivity and proline porter II activity were partially restored to proQ220::Tn5 proP+ bacteria, but not to a proQ220::Tn5 proP219 strain, by a hyperosmotic shift and by growth under osmotic stress. Elevated expression of a proP::lacZ gene fusion, for bacteria grown under osmotic stress, was not influenced by the proQ220::Tn5 insertion. We propose that the proQ locus encodes a positive regulatory element which elevates proline porter II activity.
Nature of the Combining Site of Antibody against a Hapten Bearing a Positive Charge<sup>1</sup> (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNature of the Combining Site of Antibody against a Hapten Bearing a Positive Charge1Allan L. Grossberg and David PressmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 20, 5478–5482Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01505a042https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01505a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views131Altmetric-Citations68LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Study on the scope of <i>tert</i>‐amino effect: new extensions of type 2 reactions to bridged biaryls (2012)

Thermal isomerization of aminomethyl‐ or oxygen‐bridged biphenyl systems possessing dicyanovinyl and sec ‐amino groups in ortho ‐ and ortho ′‐positions was investigated. Both systems underwent cyclization via tert ‐amino effect. Thus, 2‐(2‐{[2‐( sec ‐amino)benzyl]‐ N ‐methylamino}benzylidene)malononitriles gave tetrahydroquinolines, whereas a 2‐[2‐( sec ‐amino)phenoxy]benzylidenemalononitrile isomerized to dibenzoxazonine derivative. The ring closure reaction was studied by differential scanning calorimetry measurements. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
A Small-Molecule-Inducible Nrf2-Mediated Antioxidant Response Provides Effective Prophylaxis against Cerebral Ischemia<i>In Vivo</i> (2005)

The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) coordinates expression of genes required for free radical scavenging, detoxification of xenobiotics, and maintenance of redox potential. Previously, activation of this pleiotropic response was neuroprotective in cell culture models that simulate components of stroke damage. However, the role of Nrf2 in limiting stroke damage in vivo remained unclear. We report that Nrf2 activation protects the brain from cerebral ischemia in vivo. Acute (1-3 d) intracerebroventricular or intraperitoneal pretreatment with tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ), an Nrf2 activity inducer, reduced cortical damage and sensorimotor deficit at 24 h and even 1 month after ischemia-reperfusion in rats. Cortical glutathione levels robustly increased with tBHQ administration to rats and Nrf2-expressing mice, but not Nrf2(-/-) mice. Basal and inducible activities of antioxidant/detoxification enzymes in Nrf2(-/-) mice were reduced when compared with Nrf2(+/+) controls. Interestingly, larger infarcts were observed in Nrf2(-/-) mice at 7 d after stroke, but not at 24 h, suggesting that Nrf2 may play a role in shaping the penumbra well after the onset of ischemia. Neuronal death caused by a "penumbral" model of stroke, using intracortical endothelin-1 microinjection, was attenuated by tBHQ administration to Nrf2(+/+), but not to Nrf2(-/-) mice, confirming the Nrf2-specific action of tBHQ in vivo. We conclude that Nrf2 plays a role in modulating ischemic injury in vivo. Accordingly, Nrf2 activation by small molecule inducers may be a practical preventative treatment for stroke-prone patients.
Cyber-Insurance Revisited. (2005)

Cyber-insurance is considered as appropriate means to absorb financial losses caused by computer security breaches. Since insurance markets at the same time create incentives to construct more secure systems, they are regarded as particularly desirable tools. However, this paper argues that the typical market structure in IT businesses may thwart the formation of a proper insurance market for cyber-risks: The worldwide dominance of a few system platforms leads to correlated losses, which require premium surcharges and are thus hard to insure. This paper refers to an indemnity insurance model to evaluate the conditions under which coverage for cyber-risks can be granted despite monocultures of installed platforms. Different premiums for users of dominant and alternative platforms are also addressed. Acting as a counterweight to the market leader’s strong economies of scale, a cost advantage for users of less widespread platforms could foster a more balanced market structure.
Towards the development of a simplified long‐term organ culture method for human scalp skin and its appendages under serum‐free conditions (2006)

Organ culture of human scalp skin is usually performed with serum-containing medium, which limits its analytical usefulness. Here we report that intact human scalp skin can be grown at the air/liquid interface in supplemented, serum-free William's E medium for more than 2 weeks. Active hair shaft growth was visible until day 16 and was significantly enhanced compared with minimum essential medium (MEM) + 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). Moreover, William's E medium protected better against cell death than MEM + 10% FBS before day 12. Using quantitative immunochemistry, proliferating (Ki-67+) cells could still be observed in the epithelium of hair follicles even on day 17 of serum-free skin organ culture. The number of apoptotic (TUNEL+) cells in the skin epithelium rose steadily after day 5. Giemsa stains revealed mature skin mast cells even after 13 days in culture. The percentage of surviving hair follicles (mostly with catagen- or telogen-like morphology) gradually increased over time displaying mostly catagen hair follicles after 17 days of culture. Although epidermis and hair follicle epithelium showed increasing atrophy and degeneration, and their pigmentation decreased gradually over time, some long-term-surviving epithelial islands were found in association with remnants of follicular structures as late as on day 88. These preliminary data suggest that a very simple serum-free organ culture method allows prolonged human skin and hair follicle survival as well as some limited hair follicle cycling in intact skin for more than 2 weeks under well-defined experimental conditions. This pragmatic assay invites multiple uses, and may become a valuable tool for both skin and hair research.
THE URINARY EXCRETION OF A DEPRESSOR SUBSTANCE (KALLIKREIN OF FREY AND KRAUT) IN ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION* (1934)

While the explanation of the immediate mechanism causing persistent elevation of blood pressure has in recent years been greatly clarified in terms of increased arteriolar resistance, the underlying factors, with certain exceptions, which regulate arteriolar tonus are not clearly defined. Maintenance of normal blood pressure, together with adequate tissue nourishment, demands a nice physiologic adjustment between cardiac output, circulating blood volume and available vascular bed. Such adjustment conceivably may be mediated through nervous, chemical or hormonal influences acting either singly or in consonance. As regards their influence upon arteriolar tonus, while something is known of the regulatory activities of the nervous system, the possible importance of the chemical and hormonal influences remains obscure and offers a fertile field for investigation. It is probable that the ultimate answer to the question of arterial hypertension will be found in this field, and a large amount of both experimental and clinical study has been undertaken with that end in view. In general, such investigation has evolved along two main lines. The first has been an effort to detect a “warp” in the metabolism of patients with essential hypertension, by the qualitative and quantitative study of the chemical constituents of the tissues, body fluids and excretory products. No constant deviation from the normal has been established. The second line of endeavor has consisted in the evaluation of the physiologic importance of substances of both metabolic and secretory origin which have a direct influence upon the peripheral circulatory apparatus. Those substances which increase arteriolar tonus, of which adrenalin, pituitrin and methylguanadine are examples, have received the most attention. Numerous attempts to establish in patients with hypertension a constant superabundance of such substances, or an abnormal reaction of the vessel walls to them, have been inconclusive and the positive results so exceptional as to preclude trustworthy deductions. The importance of the depressor substances present in the body has received less study; yet, a priori, a disturbance in the balance between pressor and depressor elements, is a reasonable hypothesis by which to explain the pathologic elevation of blood pressure.