gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Serial measurement of peripheral oestrogen and progesterone concentrations in oestrous mares to determine optimum mating time and diagnose ovulation (1995)

Rapid enzyme-based immunoassays were used to measure concentrations of oestradiol-17 beta and progesterone in daily blood samples recovered throughout oestrus and for a few days after ovulation from 34 Thoroughbred and 8 pony-type maiden, barren and foaling mares. The first detectable fall in oestradiol-17 beta levels occurred in 88% of the mares within the interval -72 to 0 h with respect to ovulation and in 65% of mares within the interval of -48 to 0 h. The results indicated that serial daily hormone assays of this type could, in a high proportion of animals, predict a correct time for a single mating and diagnose the occurrence of ovulation in Thoroughbred mares at stud in the absence of the present management system which includes repeated veterinary examinations of the ovaries. However, the absolute need for serial daily sampling from all mares to produce interpretable hormone profiles, and the cost of this sampling and the hormone assays, make the method impractical at the present time.
N-Alkylphthalimides: Structural Requirement of Thalidomidal Action on 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-Induced Tumor Necrosis Factor .ALPHA. production by Human Leukemia HL-60 Cells. (1995)

Phthalimide analogs N-substituted with n-butyl, tert-butyl, hexyl and adamantyl groups were designed and prepared as simplified analogs of thalidomide and methylthalidomide. All the compounds prepared except N-n-butylphthalimide showed thalidomidal activity on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha production by human leukemia HL-60 cells. Among the investigated compounds, including thalidomide and methylthalidomide, N-adamantylphthalimide showed the most potent TNF-alpha production-enhancing activity.
A Formal Model of Trade-off between Optimization and Execution Costs in Semantic Query Optimization (1988)

Abstract Conventional query optimizers assume that the cost of optimization is negligible. This assumption does not hold for much larger search spaces (of possible execution plans) such as those encountered during semantic query optimization. In particular, the optimization cost can become comparable to the execution cost, and thus a significant fraction of the response time for interactive queries [1]. This paper discusses the trade-off between the two costs in the context of semantic query optimization with regard to a set of integrity constraints, and reports a heuristic search algorithm which minimizes a weighted sum of both the costs. A detailed analysis of an experiment is presented to strengthen the claim. The optimization considered in this paper is with respect to a set of semantic integrity constraints.
Concepts and effectiveness of the cover-coefficient-based clustering methodology for text databases (1990)

A new algorithm for document clustering is introduced. The base concept of the algorithm, the cover coefficient (CC) concept, provides a means of estimating the number of clusters within a document database and related indexing and clustering analytically. The CC concept is used also to identify the cluster seeds and to form clusters with these seeds. It is shown that the complexity of the clustering process is very low. The retrieval experiments show that the information-retrieval effectiveness of the algorithm is compatible with a very demanding complete linkage clustering method that is known to have good retrieval performance. The experiments also show that the algorithm is 15.1 to 63.5 (with an average of 47.5) percent better than four other clustering algorithms in cluster-based information retrieval. The experiments have validated the indexing-clustering relationships and the complexity of the algorithm and have shown improvements in retrieval effectiveness. In the experiments two document databases are used: TODS214 and INSPEC. The latter is a common database with 12,684 documents.
All-purpose and plug-in power-law detectors for transient signals (2001)

A power-law statistic operating on discrete Fourier transform (DFT) data has emerged as a basis for a remarkably robust detector of transient signals having unknown structure, location, and strength. We offer a number of improvements to Nuttall's (1994) original power-law detector. Specifically, the power-law detector requires that its data be prenormalized and spectrally white; a constant false-alarm rate (CFAR) and self-whitening version is developed and analyzed. Further, it is noted that transient signals tend to be contiguous both in the temporal and frequency sense, and consequently, new power-law detectors in the frequency and the wavelet domains are given. The resulting detectors offer exceptional performance and are extremely easy to implement. There are no parameters to tune. They may be considered "plug-in" solutions to the transient detection problem and are "all-purpose" in that they make minimal assumptions on the structure of the transient signal, save of some degree of agglomeration of energy in time and/or frequency.
Mucosal immunity to HIV-1: systemic and vaginal antibody responses after intranasal immunization with the HIV-1 C4/V3 peptide T1SP10 MN(A) (1996)

Abstract To optimize mucosal immune responses to the HIV-1 peptide vaccine candidate T1SP10 MN(A), we intranasally immunized BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice with C4/V3 HIV-1 peptide together with the mucosal adjuvant cholera toxin (CT). Four doses over a 4-wk period resulted in peak serum anti-peptide IgG titers of &amp;gt; 1:160,000 in BALB/c mice and &amp;gt; 1:520,000 in C57BL/6 mice, and significant levels (&amp;gt;1:30,000) persisted in both strains of mice for longer than 6 mo. Furthermore, intranasal immunization with peptide and CT induced serum IgG reactivity to HIV-1 gp120 and HIV-1(MN) neutralizing responses. The primary anti-peptide IgG subclass was IgG1, suggesting a predominant Th2-type response. In addition to elevated serum anti-peptide A responses, intranasal immunization with T1SP10 MN(A) and CT induced both vaginal anti-peptide IgG and IgA responses, which persisted for 91 days in both strains of mice. Vaginal anti-HIV IgA was frequently associated with secretory component, suggesting transepithelial transport of IgA into vaginal secretions. Cervical lymph nodes contained the highest relative concentration of anti-T1SP10 MN(A) IgG-producing cells, while the spleen was the next major site of anti-T1SP10 MN(A) IgG-producing cells. Ag-specific proliferative responses were also detected in cervical lymph node and spleen cell populations after intranasal immunization with T1SP10 MN(A) and CT. In addition, intranasal immunization with T1SP10 MN(A) and CT was able to induce anti-HIV cell-mediated immunity in vivo as indicated by the induction of delayed-type hypersensitivity. Therefore, intranasal immunization with hybrid HIV peptides provides a noninvasive route of immunization that induces both long-lived systemic and mucosal Ab responses as well as cell-mediated immunity to HIV.
Structural Elements of Secretory Phospholipases A2 Involved in the Binding to M-type Receptors (1995)

Specific membrane receptors for secretory phospholipases A2 (sPLA2s) have been initially identified with novel snake venom sPLA2s called OS1 and OS2. One of these sPLA2 receptors (muscle (M)-type, 180 kDa) has a very high affinity for OS1 and OS2 and a high affinity for pancreatic and inflammatory-type mammalian sPLA2s, which might be the natural endogenous ligands of PLA2 receptors. Primary structures of OS1 and OS2 were determined and compared with sequences of other sPLA2s that bind less tightly or do not bind to the M-type receptor. In addition, the binding properties of pancreatic sPLA2 mutants to the M-type receptor have been analyzed. Residues within or close to the Ca(2+)-binding loop of pancreatic sPLA2 are crucially involved in the binding step, although the presence of Ca2+ that is essential for the enzymatic activity is not required for binding to the receptor. These residues include Gly-30 and Asp-49, which are conserved in all sPLA2s. Leu-31 is also essential for binding of pancreatic sPLA2 to its receptor. Many other mutations have been considered. Those occurring in the N-terminal alpha helices and the pancreatic loop do not change binding to the M-type receptor. Conversion of pancreatic prophospholipase to phospholipase is essential for the acquisition of binding properties to the M-type receptor.
Immunohistochemical analysis of development of desmin‐positive hepatic stellate cells in mouse liver (2000)

Development of desmin-positive hepatic stellate cells was studied in mice using double immunofluorescent techniques and in vitro cultures with special attention given to their cell lineages. Several studies recently reported on the presence of cells that are immunologically reactive with both antidesmin and anticytokeratin antibodies in young fetal rat livers, and suggested the possibility that these cells give rise to hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells. At early stages of mouse liver development, stellate cells with desmin-positive filaments were scattered in the liver parenchyma. However, the stellate cells definitely differed from hepatoblasts and hepatocytes in terms of their morphology and expression of desmin and hepatoblast and hepatocyte-specific E-cadherin in the liver. Fetal hepatoblasts and hepatocytes did not react with antidesmin antibodies, nor did desmin-positive stellate cells express E-cadherin in vivo and in vitro. Thus it is likely that desmin-positive stellate cells and hepatoblasts belong to different cell lineages. In the fetal liver, the desmin-positive stellate cells surrounded blood vessels, and extended their processes to haematopoietic cells and megakaryocytes. Many, but not all, hepatoblasts and hepatocytes were observed to be associated with the stellate cells. At fetal stages, cellular processes positive for desmin in the stellate cells were also thick compared with those in the adult liver, in which desmin-positive stellate cells lay in Disse's space and were closely associated with all hepatocytes. These developmental changes in the geography of desmin-positive cells in the liver parenchyma and their morphology may be associated with their maturation and interactions with other cell types.
Studies on the interaction of homologues of spermine with deoxyribonucleic acid and with bacterial protoplasts (1967)

Four homologues of the naturally occurring polyamine spermine, of the type H(2)N.[CH(2)](3).NH.[CH(2)] (n).NH.[CH(2)](3).NH(2) where n=2, 3, 5 and 6, have been synthesized. Their ability to stabilize Escherichia coli protoplasts against osmotic lysis was compared with that of spermine. All homologues were approximately as effective as spermine. The effect of low concentrations of the homologues on the T(m) of calf thymus DNA and of Aerobacter aerogenes DNA in 0.03m-sodium chloride-1mm-potassium dimethylglutarate buffer, pH6.2, was tested. The increase in T(m) for a given concentration of amine was found to be n=5>n=4 and n=6> n=3>n=2. When calf thymus DNA in 0.15m-sodium chloride-15mm-sodium citrate was used spermine gave the highest increase in T(m). It is concluded that the stabilization of E. coli protoplasts by tetra-amines is a non-specific effect independent of chain length, whereas the elevation of T(m) of DNA is a more specific effect which depends on chain length.
Oncolytic Potential of Rodent Parvoviruses for Cancer Therapy in Humans: A Brief Review (2005)

Summary Rodent parvoviruses are promising candidates for oncolytic virotherapy of cancer in humans because of their oncotropism (preferential killing of transformed cells) in the absence of pathogenicity. Here, we give an overview concerning the possible application of parvovirus H-1 for cancer therapy, with specific emphasis on malignant brain tumours in humans.
How good are detection proposals, really? (2014)

Current top performing Pascal VOC object detectors employ detection proposals to guide the search for objects thereby avoiding exhaustive sliding window search across images. Despite the popularity of detection proposals, it is unclear which trade-offs are made when using them during object detection. We provide an in depth analysis of ten object proposal methods along with four baselines regarding ground truth annotation recall (on Pascal VOC 2007 and ImageNet 2013), repeatability, and impact on DPM detector performance. Our findings show common weaknesses of existing methods, and provide insights to choose the most adequate method for different settings.
Context-aware prefetching scheme for interactive multimedia services based on HTTP adaptive streaming (2016)

Due to the explosive growth of the mobile devices and development of the network technologies, HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) adaptive streaming has become a new trend in video delivery to provide efficient multimedia streaming services. Another important development has been the increased level of personalization on the Web. Interactive multimedia services have also increased interest to contents providers and viewers for personalized media services. The interactive multimedia presents new challenges for HTTP adaptive streaming. In HTTP adaptive streaming, switching delay and video stalling has been observed while the client streams the interactive multimedia. It decreases the user QoE (Quality of Experience). In this paper, we propose a context-aware prefetching scheme based on HTTP adaptive streaming for interactive multimedia services to provide the seamless playback. We design the architecture and prefetching scheme for interactive multimedia streaming. Using the simulation, we prove that our scheme significantly reduces the playback discontinuity and improves the average quality level.
Evaluation of some N-acyl analogues of 3,5-bis(arylidene)-4-piperidones for cytotoxic activity. (1992)

The synthesis of fourteen N-acyl derivatives of two 3,5-bis(arylidene)-4-piperidones was accomplished and these compounds were evaluated against L1210 leukemia cells in vitro. With one exception, the compounds had IC50 values of less than 10 microM and six of them had IC50 figures in the 0.2-0.6 microM range which were comparable to a reference drug melphalan. Twelve of the sixteen compounds showed specificity for human leukemia cell lines in the NCI in vitro screen. Studies using 1H NMR spectroscopy revealed that solutions of three N-acetylated compounds underwent deamination and possibly other reactions, the deaminated product itself being unstable in the solvent used.
Membrane interactions of synthetic peptides corresponding to amphipathic helical segments of the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 envelope glycoprotein. (1992)

The human and simian immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoproteins, which mediate virus-induced cell fusion, contain two putative amphipathic helical segments with large helical hydrophobic moments near their carboxyl-terminal ends. In an attempt to elucidate the biological role of these amphipathic helical segments, we have synthesized peptides corresponding to residues 768-788 and 826-854 of HIV-1/WMJ-22 gp160. Circular dichroism studies of the peptides showed that the alpha helicity of the peptides increased with the addition of dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) indicating that the peptides form lipid-associating amphipathic helixes. The peptides solubilized turbid suspensions of DMPC vesicles, and electron microscopy of peptide-DMPC mixtures revealed the formation of discoidal complexes, suggesting that the peptides bind to and perturb lipid bilayers. The peptides were found to lyse lipid vesicles and caused carboxyfluorescein leakage from dye-entrapped egg phosphatidylcholine liposomes. The peptides also lysed human erythrocytes and were found to be toxic to cell cultures. At subtoxic concentrations, the peptides effectively inhibited the fusion of CD4+ cells infected with recombinant vaccinia virus expressing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 envelope proteins. Based on these results, and reported studies on the mutational analysis of HIV envelope proteins, we suggest that the amphipathic helical segments near the carboxyl terminus of HIV envelope proteins may play a role in lysis of HIV-infected cells and also may modulate the extent of cell fusion observed during HIV infection of CD4+ cells.
Reduktion aromatischer Sauren zu Aldehyden und Alkoholen im zellfreien System. 1. Reinigung und Eigenschaften von Aryl-Aldehyd : NADP-Oxidoreduktase aus Neurospora crassa (1969)

An enzyme catalyzing the reduction of the carboxyl group of aromatic acids to the respective aldehydes has been isolated from mycelia of the fungus Neurospora crassa grown in the presence of salicylic acid as an inducer. This protein has been purified about 300-fold by precipitation of nucleic acids with protamine sulfate, ammonium sulphate fractionation, adsorption on calcium-phosphate gel and chromatography on TEAE-cellulose (at pH 7.6 and 8.4) and on hydroxylapatite. The enzyme, the molecular weight of which was estimated to be about 120,000 by chromatography on a calibrated Sephadex G-200 column requires NADPH and ATP as cofactors. The Km-values for salicylic acid as a substrate are 1.67 × 10−4 M and for ATP 1.52 × 10−4 M. The presence of Mg-ions and of a reduced thiol in the incubation mixture is necessary to achieve full activity. The purified enzyme is most active around pH 8.0 and 35°. It shows a broad range of substrate specificity towards aromatic acids, especially to phenyl carboxylic and phenyl acrylic acids, but does not catalyze the reduction of aliphatic carboxyl groups. During the reaction ATP is split into ADP and inorganic phosphate, while stoichiometric amounts of aldehyde are produced from the corresponding acid. NADPH used as a reductant, the formation of the carbonyl group involves the oxidation of the hydrogen donor in a molar ratio of 1:1. Since no intermediate could be detected and there was no evidence for a reverse reaction we formulate the reaction as R–COOH + ATP + NADPH + H+→ R-CHO + ADP + NADP++ PO43-+ H2O; the systematic name aryl aldehyde: NADP oxidoreductase (ADP) is proposed; the enzyme belongs to EC group 1.2.1. By supplying α-, or β-[3H]NADP the enzyme was shown to be of the “B-type”.
Evidence for the Optimal Management of Acute and Chronic Phantom Pain: A Systematic Review (2002)

Although up to 70% of patients have phantom limb pain after amputation, there is little evidence from randomized trials to guide clinicians with treatment. Evidence on preemptive epidurals, early regional nerve blocks, and mechanical vibratory stimulation provides inconsistent support for these treatments. There is currently a gap between research and practice in the area of phantom limb pain.
Bit Error Rate Performance of Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing (2012)

Generalized frequency division multiplexing is a non-orthogonal, digital multicarrier transmission scheme with attractive features that address the requirements of emerging applications of wireless communications systems in areas like cognitive radio and machine-to-machine communication. In this paper, first a linear system description is obtained for the transmitter by ordering data in a time-frequency block structure and representing the processing steps upconversion, pulse shaping and upsampling as matrix operations. Based on the transmitter, three standard ways of detecting the signal are derived and compared in terms of bit error performance in AWGN and Rayleigh multipath fading channels.
Responding to the Call for New Landscape Metaphors (1990)

Abstract Languages reflect and are reflected by the values of the communities that speak and write them. Since languages are public, metaphors must build on shared meanings. Advocating new landscape metaphors must recognize that shared meanings provide the foundation for successful metaphoric communication. Philosophic theories of metaphor, such as Nelson Goodman's, may provide practioners with a way of determining how helpful descriptions of landscapes as “metaphors”—a metaphor itself—are in understanding, evaluating, and creating new landscapes.
Reverse Elevated Source/Drain (RESD) MOSFET for deep submicron CMOS (1992)

A new Reverse Elevated Source/Drain (RESD) CMOS process has been developed as part of a deep submicron CMOS technology featuring ultra-shallow source/drain junctions with reversed (with respect to epi formation) phosphorus LDD implantation. This new structure utilizes disposable nitride spacers to define the selective silicon offset from the gate edge prior to LDD implantation. Since the LDD junctions are not exposed to the high temperature prebake and deposition conditions, shallow phosphorus junctions provide improved short-channel behavior while maintaining good hot-carrier protection.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Non-Invasive Functional-Brain-Imaging with a Novel Magnetoencephalography System (2018)

A non-invasive functional-brain-imaging system based on optically-pumped-magnetometers (OPM) is presented. The OPM-based magnetoencephalography (MEG) system features 20 OPM channels conforming to the subject's scalp. Due to proximity (12 mm) of the OPM channels to the brain, it is anticipated that this MEG system offers an enhanced spatial resolution as it can capture finer spatial features compared to traditional MEG systems employing superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). We have conducted two MEG experiments on three subjects: somatosensory evoked magnetic field (SEF) and auditory evoked magnetic field (AEF) using our OPM-based MEG system and a commercial SQUID-based MEG system. We have cross validated the robustness of our system by calculating the distance between the location of the equivalent current dipole (ECD) yielded by our OPM-based MEG system and the ECD location calculated by the commercial SQUID-based MEG system. We achieved sub-centimeter accuracy for both SEF and AEF responses in all three subjects.
A Real-Time Scratchpad-Centric OS for Multi-Core Embedded Systems (2016)

Multi-core processors have replaced single-core systems in almost every segment of the industry. Unfortunately, their increased complexity often causes a loss of temporal predictability which represents a key requirement for hard real-time systems. Major sources of unpredictability are the shared low level resources, such as the memory hierarchy and the I/O subsystem. In this paper, we approach the problem of shared resource arbitration at an OS-level and propose a novel scratchpad-centric OS design for multi-core platforms. In the proposed OS, the predictable usage of shared resources across multiple cores represents a central design-time goal. Hence, we show (i) how contention-free execution of real-time tasks can be achieved on scratchpad-based architectures, and (ii) how a separation of application logic and I/O perations in the time domain can be enforced. To validate the proposed design, we implemented the proposed OS using a commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) platform. Experiments show that this novel design delivers predictable temporal behavior to hard real-time tasks, and it improves performance up to 2.1× compared to traditional approaches.
Palladium-Catalyzed Regio- and Stereoselective Formate Reduction of Fluorine-Containing Allylic Mesylates. A New Entry for the Construction of a Tertiary Carbon Attached with a Fluoroalkyl Group (2006)

The regioselective palladium-catalyzed formate reduction of γ-fluoroalkylated allylic esters is described. Reduction of the allylic esters under the influence of palladium with a monodentate phosphine ligand proceeded preferentially at the γ position, the corresponding reduction products with a fluoroalkyl group at the tertiary carbon being afforded in high yields. When the chiral allylic ester was employed, complete chirality transfer was observed, leading to the optically active materials in high yields.