gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Internet-based blood pressure monitoring system for patients (2001)

We developed a personal blood pressure monitoring system for patients with hypertension or hypotension. The system can be used to measure a patient's blood pressure at home and to transmit the data automatically to a hospital database via the Internet. The accuracy of blood pressure readings using the system was assessed by comparison with readings from a standard digital sphygmomanometer in four subjects. The measurement error for the systolic readings was 1.7-2.7% and for the diastolic readings 2.7-3.2%. The system therefore appears to be a promising means of assessing blood pressure remotely.
Object serialization for marshalling data in a Java interface to MPI (1999)

Several Java bindings of the Message Passing Interface standard, MPI, have been developed recently.Message buffers have usually been restricted to arrays with elements of primitive type.We discuss use of the Java object serialization model for marshalling general communication data in MPI.This approach is compared with a Java transcription of the standard MPI derived datatype mechanism.We describe an implementation of the mpiJaua interface to MPI incorporating automatic object serialization.Benchmark results show that the current JDK implementation of serialization is (not unexpectedly)probably not fast.enough for high performance applications.Means of solving this problem are discussed.
Über Orceinfarbstoffe, XX. Die Autoxydationsprodukte des 2.5‐Dimethyl‐resorcins in Ammoniak und Kalilauge (1963)

Abstract Bei der Autoxydation des 2.5‐Dimethyl‐resorcins in Ammoniak entstehen analoge Farbstoffe wie aus Orcin. In Kaliumhydroxyd isoliert man neben dem dimeren Mono‐ und Dichinon noch ein trimeres Dichinon, das beim Orcin nicht mit Sicherheit nachgewiesen werden konnte. Die Autoxydation erfolgt beim 2.5‐Dimethyl‐resorcin schneller und liefert die höher oxydierten Produkte, die stabiler sind als die aus Orcin, in besserer Ausbeute.
Stability of Copper Phthalocyanine Dispersions in Organic Media (1999)

This paper deals with the stability of dilute dispersions of copper phthalocyanine in organic solvents, a subject of importance to the paint and ink industries. It has been found that quite small surface potentials (a few millivolts) are sufficient to stabilize the dilute dispersions of the particles in solvents of low dielectric constant (possibly because this would be a constant charge system) though insufficient to stabilize particles in solvents with dielectric constants above about 20. Addition of organic acids enhanced the particles' stability, probably by a proton-exchange mechanism, and addition of an organic-soluble electrolyte, tetrabutylammonium bromide, caused all systems to flocculate. The presence of a polymer at concentrations above about 1% caused flocculation to occur, probably by a depletion mechanism. The attractive depletion energy increased with polymer concentration, resulting in the sedimentation volume increasing with polymer concentration.
Mechanism of protection against aflatoxin tumorigenicity in rats fed 5-(2-pyrazinyl)-4-methyl-1,2-dithiol-3-thione (oltipraz) and related 1,2-dithiol-3-thiones and 1,2-dithiol-3-ones. (1987)

1,2-Dithiol-3-thiones, reported constituents of cruciferous vegetables, are five-membered cyclic sulfur-containing compounds with antioxidant, chemotherapeutic, and chemoprotective activities. The effects of dietary administration of a substituted 1,2-dithiol-3-thione, oltipraz [5-(2-pyrazinyl)-4-methyl-1,2-dithiol-3-thione], a potent antischistosomal agent, on aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) metabolism, DNA adduct formation, and hepatic tumorigenesis were examined in male F344 rats. Rats were fed graded doses of oltipraz (0.01-0.1%) for 4 wk. During the second and third wk of oltipraz feeding rats were gavaged with 250 micrograms of AFB1/kg five times a wk. Rats were finally restored to control diet 1 wk after cessation of AFB1 dosing. At 4 months focal areas of hepatocellular alteration were identified and quantitated by staining sections of liver for gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity. Treatment with oltipraz at all doses reduced by greater than 90% the volume of liver occupied by gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase-positive foci. Levels of AFB1 bound to hepatic DNA were reduced between 40 and 80% in animals fed increasing doses of dietary oltipraz (0.01-0.1%) for 1 wk prior to a single exposure to AFB1. Feeding of the higher levels of oltipraz led to marked increases in the specific activity of glutathione S-transferases, presumably serving to facilitate the detoxication of the ultimate electrophilic form of AFB1, the 8,9-oxide. At low dietary concentrations of oltipraz (0.01%), the only inductive effects seen were on the activities of selected cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases. Therefore, the protection afforded by oltipraz may be due to both the enhancement of electrophile detoxication pathways as well as modified oxidative metabolism of AFB1. In in vitro metabolism studies with hepatic post-mitochondrial supernatant, low-dose oltipraz pretreatment facilitated the oxidative production of aflatoxins P1 and Q1, but not M1, from AFB1. High-dose (0.1%) oltipraz pretreatment enhanced the primary metabolism of AFB1 to aflatoxins P1, M1, and Q1 as well as the formation of chloroform-insoluble metabolites. Feeding studies with a series of 1,2-dithiol-3-thione and 1,2-dithiol-3-one derivatives of oltipraz demonstrated that the inductive activity for cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenases and electrophile detoxication enzymes, such as glutathione S-transferases, could be readily separated by minor modifications of the 1,2-dithiol-3-thione structure. The unsubstituted 1,2-dithiol-3-thione nucleus strongly induced electrophile detoxication enzymes, but not the monooxygenases, and was the most effective inhibitor of the binding of AFB1 to hepatic DNA in vivo.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Essential role of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in tumor promotion as revealed by TNF-alpha-deficient mice. (1999)

To examine the hypothesis that tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha is an essential cytokine in carcinogenesis, we conducted two-stage carcinogenesis experiments with an initiator, 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA), plus either of two tumor promoters, okadaic acid and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), on the skin of TNF-alpha-deficient (TNF-/-) mice. TNF-/- mice treated with DMBA plus okadaic acid developed no tumors for up to 19 weeks, and at 20 weeks, the percentage of tumor-bearing TNF-/- mice was 10%, whereas the percentage of tumor-bearing TNF+/+ mice was 100%. In TNF-/- mice treated with DMBA plus TPA, tumor onset was delayed 4 weeks, and the time to development of small tumors in 100% of mice was 9 weeks later than that seen in TNF+/+ CD-1 mice. The average number of tumors in TPA-treated TNF-/- mice was 2.8, compared with 11.8 for TNF+/+ CD-1 mice. To understand the residual tumor-promoting activity in TNF-/- mice, we also investigated the possible significance of interleukin (IL) 1 as an additional cytokine in tumor promotion. A single application of TPA and okadaic acid increased IL-1alpha and IL-1beta gene expression in TNF-/- mice. All of our results demonstrate that TNF-alpha is the key cytokine for tumor promotion in mouse skin and, very possibly, for carcinogenesis in humans as well.
Oral delivery of siRNA and antisense oligonucleotides (2009)

Inhibition of gene expression with antisense oligonucleotides or RNA interference (RNAi) mediated gene silencing by small interfering RNA (siRNA) has tremendous potential to silence the expression of disease-causing genes in the clinic. A major hurdle to their widespread clinical use is the safe and efficient delivery to target cells in vivo. Delivery via the oral route is considered the holy grail for small molecule and macromolecular drug delivery as it has the advantages of ease of administration, increased patient compliance, and cost-effectiveness. However, the harsh biological milieu of the acidic stomach and enzyme-rich gastrointestinal tract make efficient delivery of oligonucleotides and siRNA via the oral route difficult. Nonetheless, the first studies on the oral delivery of siRNA in animals and antisense oligonucleotides in humans suggest that significant oral delivery of these nucleic acids can be achieved across the gut wall. This can occur either by encapsulating siRNA within biodegradable particles that protect them from degradation and target them to M cells in intestinal Peyer's patches or by using chemically stabilized antisense oligonucleotides together with a penetration enhancer. This article reviews these studies as they mark important advances in the delivery of gene silencing nucleic acids and have heralded a new wave of enthusiasm that might lead to a significant expansion of the therapeutic options available for gene silencing drugs in the clinic.
The Russian Connection (2000)

Well, it seems that our good friends in Russia have gotten the new year off to a great start, great that is if you are a cyber criminal. The exploits of the now nearly world-famous hacker ‘Maxus’ are spreading quickly in the popular media. According to press reports (largely formed from the information Maxus has doled out to the reporters), Maxus penetrated the customer database of an online retailer of CDs and claims he made off with perhaps as many as 300 000 individual credit card accounts. This incident should serve as a sobering wake-up call to all the eager executives who have been early adopters of E-commerce. Although it is too early to know the full extent of confirmed losses, there has been some preliminary confirmation by a number of online and print media journalists of the validity of several of the accounts that were compromised. This leads me to believe Maxus is probably telling the truth about the extent of the ‘achievement’, but I will reserve judgement as to whether he’s only 18 years old and is in fact, even a ‘he’ at all.
Novel function for beta 1 integrins in keratinocyte cell-cell interactions. (1990)

We have examined the expression, localization, and function of beta 1 integrins on cultured human epidermal keratinocytes using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies against the beta 1, alpha 2, alpha 3, and alpha 5 integrin subunits. The beta 1 polypeptide, common to all class 1 integrins, was localized primarily in areas of cell-cell contacts of cultured keratinocytes, as were alpha 2 and alpha 3 polypeptides, suggesting a possible role in cell-cell adhesion for these integrin polypeptides. In contrast, the fibronectin receptor alpha 5 subunit showed no such accumulations in regions of cell-cell contact but was more diffusely distributed in the keratinocyte plasma membrane, consistent with the absence of fibronectin at cell-cell contact sites. Colonies of cultured keratinocytes could be dissociated by treatment with monoclonal antibody specific to the beta 1 polypeptide. Such dissociation of cell-cell contacts also occurred under conditions where the monoclonal antibody had no effect on cell-substrate adhesion. Therefore, beta 1 integrin-dependent cell-cell adhesion can be inhibited without affecting other cell-adhesive interactions. Antibody treatment of keratinocytes maintained in either low (0.15 mM) or high (1.2 mM) CaCl2 also resulted in the loss of organization of intracellular F-actin filaments and beta 1 integrins, even when the anti-beta 1 monoclonal antibody had no dissociating effect on keratinocyte colonies at the higher calcium concentration. Our results indicate that beta 1 integrins play roles in the maintenance of cell-cell contacts between keratinocytes and in the organization of intracellular microfilaments. They suggest that in epithelial cells integrins can function in cell-cell interactions as well as in cell-substrate adhesion.
Biodegradable Nanoparticle Mediated Antigen Delivery to Human Cord Blood Derived Dendritic Cells for Induction of Primary T Cell Responses (2003)

Dendritic cells (DCs) in the peripheral tissues act as sentinels of the immune system. They detect and capture pathogens entering the body and present their antigens to T cells to trigger responses directed towards elimination of the pathogen. The induction of peripheral tolerance against self and certain foreign antigens is also believed to be mediated through DCs. The outcome of any immune response is largely controlled by the microenvironment of antigen capture, processing and presentation by DCs. The "context" of antigen delivery to DCs will directly influence the microenvironment of antigen presentation and hence the regulation of immune responses. We report here preliminary investigations describing the formulation of a pharmaceutically acceptable, biodegradable, and strategic nanoparticulate delivery system, and its application for efficient antigen loading of DCs to achieve antigen specific T cell activation. "Pathogen-mimicking" nanoparticles capable of interacting with DCs were fabricated by incorporating monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA; toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 ligand) or CpG ODN (seq #2006; TLR9 ligand) in biodegradable copolymer, poly(D,L,-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA). The uptake of PLGA nanoparticles by human umbilical cord blood derived DCs (DCs propagated from CD34 progenitors) was conclusively demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Cell phenotype at day 12 of cultures was determined as immature DC using specific cell surface markers, i.e. CD11c (approximately 90%), MHC-II (approximately 70%), CD86 (approximately 20%), CD83 (approximately 5%), CD80 (approximately 40%), CD40 (approximately 40%), and CCR7 (approximately 5%). Tetanus toxoid (TT), a model antigen, was encapsulated in nanoparticles along with an immunomodulator, i.e. either MPLA or CpG ODN. DCs pulsed with various antigen formulations were co-cultured with autologous naïve T cells at various cell ratios (DC: T cells were 1:5-20). The DCs pulsed with TT and MPLA together in nanoparticles induced significantly higher T cell proliferation (P<0.05) as compared to when DCs pulsed with TT and MPLA in solution were employed. A similar trend was observed when CpG ODN was used instead of MPLA in the TT nanoparticles. This strategy of antigen delivery to DCs was then tested with a cancer vaccine candidate, a MUC1 lipopeptide. The T cell proliferation observed in the presence of nanoparticulate MUC1 and MPLA pulsed-DCs was much higher than DCs pulsed with soluble antigen (P<0.0005). These results indicate that PLGA nanoparticles mimicking certain features of pathogens are efficient delivery systems for targeting vaccine antigens to DCs and activation of potent T cell responses.
Protein structure from linear dichroism spectroscopy and transient electric birefringence (1994)

The first page of this article is displayed as the abstract.
Leptin modulates the effects of acyl CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase deficiency on murine fur and sebaceous glands (2002)

Acyl CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) is a ubiquitously expressed enzyme that catalyzes the final reaction in the major pathways of triglyceride synthesis. Mice lacking DGAT1 (Dgat–/–) demonstrate significant changes in lipid metabolism in several tissues, including the skin. Here we report the effects of DGAT1 deficiency on fur and sebaceous glands. Adult Dgat–/– mice had dry fur and hair loss, which were associated with atrophic sebaceous glands and fur lipid abnormalities. As a result, Dgat–/– mice had impaired water repulsion and defective thermoregulation after water immersion. These phenotypes were mostly absent in Dgat–/– mice with leptin deficiency, indicating an unexpected role for leptin in modulating the skin phenotype. Our findings indicate that DGAT1 plays an important role in normal fur and sebaceous gland physiology and provide evidence that leptin modulates these processes in the skin.
Effect of Insulin and Glucose Infusions on Sympathetic Nervous System Activity in Normal Man (1981)

Recent studies indicate a link between carbohydrate intake and the functional state of the sympathetic nervous system. Fasting or carbohydrate restriction decreases sympathetic activity, while glucose ingestion or dietary supplementation with sucrose increases sympathetic nerve activity. To examine the potential contributions of hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia to sympathetic stimulation, sympathetic activity was assessed by measurement of plasma norepinephrine (NE) levels and concomitant cardiovascular indices in nonobese young men during glucose and insulin infusions using glucose clamp techniques. In the insulin infusion studies (euglycemic glucose clamp), insulin was administered at 2 mU/kg/min and 5 mU/kg/min for 2 h while blood glucose was maintained at basal levels by a variable rate of glucose infusion. In the hyperglycemic studies, blood glucose was raised 125 mg/dl above basal and maintained at that level for 2h. In response to both insulin infusions, plasma NE rose progressively over the course of the study, increasing 50% with the 2-mU infusion (from mean basal value of 240 ± 34 pg/ml to 360 ± 41 at 150 min, P &amp;lt; 0.001 for changes over time by analysis of variance) and 117% with the 5-mil infusion (from 254 ± 20 pg/ml to 551 ± 88 at 150 min, P &amp;lt; 0.001). The plasma NE response was greater with the 5-mll than with the 2-mU insulin infusion (P &amp;lt; 0.001), and similarly, was greater during the 2-mU insulin infusion than during a control test in which neither insulin nor glucose was infused (P &amp;lt; 0.001). Associated with the elevations in plasma NE In the 2-mU insulin infusion were increases in pulse rate (P &amp;lt; 0.05), pulse pressure (P &amp;lt; 0.005), and pulse rate - systolic blood pressure product (P &amp;lt; 0.01), and during the 5-mU insulin infusions there were increases in pulse pressure (P &amp;lt; 0.001), mean arterial blood pressure (P &amp;lt; 0.001), and pulse rate - systolic blood pressure product (P &amp;lt; 0.001). Plasma NE did not change during the hyperglycemic glucose clamp nor during control tests, and pulse pressure in the hyperglycemic studies (P &amp;lt; 0.005) was the only cardiovascular measurement increased by these two infusion protocols. The clearance of NE in three subjects was unaffected by the 2-mU insulin infusion. Thus, insulin infusion increases sympathetic nervous system activity in the absence of changes in blood glucose.
Pexelizumab for Acute ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction in Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (2007)

clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00091637.
Heterogeneous Catalyst Deactivation and Regeneration: A Review (2015)

Deactivation of heterogeneous catalysts is a ubiquitous problem that causes loss of catalytic rate with time. This review on deactivation and regeneration of heterogeneous catalysts classifies deactivation by type (chemical, thermal, and mechanical) and by mechanism (poisoning, fouling, thermal degradation, vapor formation, vapor-solid and solid-solid reactions, and attrition/crushing). The key features and considerations for each of these deactivation types is reviewed in detail with reference to the latest literature reports in these areas. Two case studies on the deactivation mechanisms of catalysts used for cobalt Fischer-Tropsch and selective catalytic reduction are considered to provide additional depth in the topics of sintering, coking, poisoning, and fouling. Regeneration considerations and options are also briefly discussed for each deactivation mechanism.
Activity-centric email: a machine learning approach (2006)

Our use of ordinary desktop applications (such as email, Web, calendars) is often a manifestation of the activities with which we are engaged (Moran, Cozzi, &amp;amp; Farrell 2005). Planning a conference trip involves sending travel expense forms, and visits to airline and hotel sites. Renovating a kitchen involves sketches, product specifications, emails with the architect and spreadsheets for tracking expenses. Every enterprise has (often implicit) processes for manag-ing customer queries, requesting maintenance, hiring a new employee, purchasing equipment, and so on. Unfortunately, ordinary desktop applications do not know anything about these activities. Within an enterprise, many activities have been formalized into business workflows such as hiring or ordering equipment. However, the way peo-ple interact with these workflows is often through email and
Preclinical Mouse Models for Cancer Chemoprevention Studies (1999)

To aid in identifying the ability of chemopreventive agents to inhibit tumor development, new preclinical in vivo rodent models have recently been developed. Some of the models contain targeted mutations capable of increasing the incidence and progression of neoplastic lesions, whereas in other models dietary nutrients induce preneoplastic lesions in normal mice. These new preclinical models are assisting the analysis of genetic and environmental factors leading to neoplasia, and clinical studies to evaluate the chemopreventive efficacy of specific nutrients and pharmacological agents.
Heterogeneously Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of C═C Bonds Directed by Surface-Tethered Chiral Modifiers (2009)

Asymmetric hydrogenation of C=C bonds is of the highest importance in organic synthesis, and such reactions are currently carried out with organometallic homogeneous catalysts. Achieving heterogeneous metal-catalyzed hydrogenation, a highly desirable goal, necessitates forcing the crucial enantiodifferentiating step to take place at the metal surface. By synthesis and application of six chiral sulfide ligands that anchor robustly to Pd nanoparticles and resist displacement, we have for the first time accomplished heterogeneous enantioselective catalytic hydrogenation of isophorone. High resolution XPS data established that ligand adsorption from solution occurred exclusively on the Pd nanoparticles and not on the carbon support. All ligands contained a pyrrolidine nitrogen to enable their interaction with the isophorone substrate while the sulfide functionality provided the required interaction with the Pd surface. Enantioselective turnover numbers of up to approximately 100 product molecules per ligand molecule were found with a very large variation in asymmetric induction between ligands: observed enantiomeric excesses increased with increasing size of the alkyl group in the sulfide. This likely reflects varying degrees of ligand dispersion on the surface: bulky substituent groups hinder close approach of ligand molecules to each other, inhibiting close-packed island formation, favoring dispersion as separate molecules, and leading to effective asymmetric induction. Conversely, small substituents favor island formation leading to very low asymmetric induction. Enantioselective reaction most likely involves initial formation of an enamine or iminium species, confirmed by use of an analogous tertiary amine, which leads to racemic product. Ligand rigidity and resistance to self-assembled monolayer formation are important attributes that should be designed into improved chiral modifiers.