gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Biodegradable Polymer Nanoparticles by Miniemulsion Technique and Their Cell Interactions (2008)

The emulsion/solvent evaporation method and miniemulsion technique were combined and applied in the formulation of biodegradable monodisperse nanoparticles at high solid contents using different biocompatible and biodegradable polymers such as poly(L-lactide) (PLLA), poly[(D,L-lactide)-co-glycolide] 50:50 (PLGA), and poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL). Differences between the results of various polymers are found in terms of the particle size and size distribution as well as in the degradation time. An encapsulated hydrophobic fluorescent dye was used as a model marker in order to study the entrapment efficiency and diffusion yield out of the particle. Cellular uptake of the obtained particles was observed in Jurkat and HeLa cells. In the investigated particle size range of 80-200 nm, the surfactant on the particles' surface had a greater influence than the particle size. Uptake kinetics reveals that the PLLA and PCL particles are endocytosed much faster than polystyrene particles.
Biomarkers for predicting efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors (2018)

Programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) is a negative modulatory signaling pathway for activation of T cell. It is acknowledged that PD-1/PD-L1 axis plays a crucial role in the progression of tumor by altering status of immune surveillance. As one of the most promising immune therapy strategies, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor is a breakthrough for the therapy of some refractory tumors. However, response rate of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in overall patients is unsatisfactory, which limits the application in clinical practice. Therefore, biomarkers which could effectively predict the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors are crucial for patient selection. Biomarkers reflecting tumor immune microenvironment and tumor cell intrinsic features, such as PD-L1 expression, density of tumor infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL), tumor mutational burden, and mismatch-repair (MMR) deficiency, have been noticed to associate with treatment effect of anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1 therapy. Furthermore, gut microbiota, circulating biomarkers, and patient previous history have been found as valuable predictors as well. Therefore establishing a comprehensive assessment framework involving multiple biomarkers would be meaningful to interrogate tumor immune landscape and select sensitive patients.
MS2 coat proteins bound to yeast mRNAs block 5′ to 3′ degradation and trap mRNA decay products: implications for the localization of mRNAs by MS2-MCP system (2015)

Arrays of MS2 binding sites are placed into mRNAs and are commonly used to visualize the localization of mRNAs in vivo by the expression of an MS2-GFP fusion protein. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we observed that arrays of MS2 binding sites inhibit 5' to 3' degradation of the mRNA in yeast cells and lead to the accumulation of a 3' mRNA fragment containing the MS2 binding sites. This accumulation can be dependent on the binding of the MS2 stem loops (MS2-SL) by MS2 coat proteins (MCPs). Since such decay fragments can still bind MCP-GFP, the localization of such mRNA fragments can complicate the interpretation of the localization of full-length mRNA in vivo.
Increasing CD44+/CD24- tumor stem cells, and upregulation of COX-2 and HDAC6, as major functions of HER2 in breast tumorigenesis (2010)

HER2 may induce breast cancer by increasing the frequency of tumor stem cells and upregulating the expression of COX-2 and HDAC6 that play pivotal roles in tumor progression.
Scalable Processor Instruction Set Extension (2005)

Coarse-grained reconfigurable platforms are good for parallel data-intensive applications but inefficient for sequential control-dominated code. This article explores the integration of the general purpose Sparc-compliant Leon processor with the Extreme Processing Platform reconfigurable data path. The integration's goal is to optimize the execution of complex multimedia applications such as MPEG-4.
Polyadenylic Acid Sequences in the Heterogeneous Nuclear RNA and Rapidly-Labeled Polyribosomal RNA of HeLa Cells: Possible Evidence for a Precursor Relationship (1971)

Polyadenylate sequences have been found covalently linked in heterogeneous DNA-like nuclear RNA of HeLa cells. This poly(A) material seems homogeneous in size and accounts for about 0.5% of such RNA. Similar poly(A) sequences were found in rapidly-labeled polyribosomal RNA, thought to be messenger RNA. A possible model for mRNA synthesis from large heterogeneous nuclear RNA precursor molecules is discussed.
A multiethnic, multicenter cohort of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) as a model for the study of ethnic disparities in SLE (2007)

Ethnic disparities occur in SLE. Environmental, socioeconomic/demographic, psychosocial, genetic, and clinical factors play an important role as determinants of the ethnic differences observed. Measures aimed at eliminating these disparities are suggested while further research is conducted to elucidate the basis of these disparities and their changes at the societal level and to eliminate the gap between the rich and the poor.
Diversity of bile salt hydrolase activities in different lactobacilli toward human bile salts (2009)

This study was conducted to evaluate the diversity of bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activities in eight species of lactobacilli. BSH activities were quantified based on the amount of taurine or glycine liberated from six main human bile sodium salts [glycocholic, glycodeoxycholic, glycochenodeoxycholic, taurocholic (TC), taurochenodeoxycholic, taurodeoxycholic] and a mixture of bile salts that resembled human bile. The eight species differed in their BSH activities. Specifically, Lactobacillus helveticus, Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus gallinarum had the ability to deconjugate taurine-conjugated bile salts, but not glycine-conjugated bile salts, which suggested that microbial BSHs recognize bile salts on both the cholate steroid nucleus and the amino acid moiety. Of the eight species evaluated, Lactobacillus acidophilus strains exhibited the highest specific BSH activity toward human bile salts, with the exception of TC. In addition, the L. acidophilus specific BSH activity toward glycine-conjugated bile salts was ten times higher than that toward taurine-conjugated bile salts. Moreover, the specific BSH activity of Lactobacillus plantarum did not vary significantly toward different bile salts, and Lactobacillus gasseri Am1 exhibited higher specific BSH activity toward TC than other lactobacilli. A comparison of bsh genes indicated that the LA-bshA, LA-bshB, LG-bsh and LP-bsh1 genes that encode the BSH enzymes are highly homologous (higher than 45%), while the LP-bsh2, LP-bsh3 and LP-bsh4 genes, which might not encode BSH enzymes, had lower similarity (lower than 26.3%).
Sequential degradation of heparan sulfate in the subendothelial extracellular matrix by highly metastatic lymphoma cells (1985)

A highly metastatic variant (ESb) of a methylcholanthrene-induced T lymphoma elaborates a heparan sulfate (HS) degrading endoglycosidase (heparanase) to a much higher extent than its non-metastatic parental subline (Eb). Whereas a serum-free medium conditioned by either subline contained a trypsin-like serine protease, heparanase activity was detected only in the ESb-conditioned medium (CM). ESb CM was incubated with a naturally produced, sulfate-labelled subendothelial extracellular matrix (ECM) or with a soluble, high-MW labelled proteoglycan first released from the ECM by incubation with Eb CM or with the partially purified ESb protease. Sulfate labelled degradation products were analyzed by gel filtration on Sephrose 6B. The optimal pH for degradation of ECM-bound HS was 6.2 as compared to pH 5.2 for degradation of the soluble proteoglycan. Heparanase-mediated degradation of both ECM-bound and soluble HS was inhibited by heparin. Addition of either trypsin, plasmin or to a lower extent, the purified ESb protease, stimulated between 5- and 20-fold the ESb CM-mediated degradation of ECM-bound HS but had no effect on heparanase-mediated degradation of the soluble proteoglycan. This stimulation was inhibited in the presence of heparin or protease inhibitors. These results indicate that both a protease and heparanase are involved in the ESb-mediated degradation of ECM-bound HS and that one enzyme produces a more accessible substrate for the next enzyme. This sequential cleavage is characteristic of degradation of a multimolecular structure such as the subendothelial ECM and hence cannot be detected in studies with its isolated constituents.
Controlled Release HPMC Matrix Tablets Of Propranolol Hydrochloride (2004)

Propranolol hydrochloride matrix tablets were prepared with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose polymer to control the release of drug with a view to develop twice daily sustained release dosage form. The resulting matrix tablets prepared with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose K4M fulfilled all the official requirements of tablet dosage forms. The in vitro drug release was measured in aqueous solutions for a total period of 12 h using 1.2 pH buffer for first 1 h and pH 7.5 buffer for the rest of period. The drug release was within the limits of predetermined set vis-A -vis USP requirements. The results provide a method of achieving sustained drug action through uniform drug release.
Convolution neural network based syntactic and semantic aware paraphrase identification (2017)

Paraphrase identification is a fundamental task in natural language process areas. During the process of fulfilling this challenge, different features are exploited. Semantically equivalence and syntactic similarity are of the most importance. Apart from advance feature extraction, deep learning based models are also proven their promising in natural language process jobs. As a result in this research, we adopted an interactive representation to modelling the relationship between two sentences not only on word level, but also on phrase and sentence level by employing convolution neural network to conduct paraphrase identification by using semantic and syntactic features at the same time. The experimental study on commonly used MSRP has shown the proposed method's promising potential.
An erythroid and megakaryocytic common precursor cell line (B1647) expressing both c‐mpl and erythropoietin receptor (Epo‐R) proliferates and modifies globin chain synthesis in response to megakaryocyte growth and development factor (MGDF) but not to erythropoietin (Epo) (1997)

A human megakaryocyte cell line (B1647) has been established from bone marrow cells obtained from a patient with acute myelogenous leukaemia (FAB M2). The cells were CD34-, CD33+, HLA-DR+, CD38+, and expressed the immunophenotypic markers of the megakaryocyte lineage (CD41 and von Willebrand factor). Moreover the cells expressed the c-mpl (thrombopoietin receptor) mRNA and protein. On the other hand, the B1647 cells also possessed erythroid lineage characteristics: the vast majority of cells were glycophorin positive, and about 10% of unstimulated cells stained with an anti-globin gamma chain MoAb. In addition, S1 protection analysis demonstrated expression of beta-globin mRNA, and Epo receptor (Epo-R) protein was detected by cytofluorimetric assay. Several growth factors, when tested alone or in combination, failed to influence the B1647 cell growth. A significant increase of cell proliferation was observed only after the addition, in serum-free culture, of recombinant human megakaryocyte growth development factor (MGDF), a recombinant c-mpl ligand encompassing the receptor-binding domain and identical to thrombopoietin (TPO), at concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 1 ng/ml. Interestingly, MGDF failed to induce megakaryocytic differentiation of the B1647 cells, but significantly increased the synthesis of the globin gamma-chain. B1647 cells could be a useful model for studying the biological effect of TPO on common megakaryocyte and erythroid progenitors.
Thermoalkalophilic lipase-producing Bacillus selected by continuous cultivation (1993)

Several lipase-producing thermophilic bacteria were isolated by continuous culture from samples collected near Bulgarian hot springs.Most of them had lipase activity of about 0.5 U ml-1 when activated in shaken flasks.Three strains, Gram-positive sporeforming rods, possess higher enzyme activity in a Tween-80 containing medium.The highest lipase activity (2.0-3.0U ml-1) was observed in the newly-isolated thermoalkalophilic Bacillus sp.strain MC 7.
Targretin Improves Cognitive and Biological Markers in a Patient with Alzheimer’s Disease (2015)

We present the effects of Targretin® (bexarotene) on cognition and biomarkers in a patient with mild Alzheimer's disease (AD). Targretin® is a Retinoic X Receptor (RXR) agonist shown to improve synaptic and cognitive functions in animal models of AD by increasing neuronal cholesterol efflux. After 6 months of treatment with Targretin® 300 mg/day, memory improved by about 40% and the tau protein in the cerebrospinal fluid decreased by about 20% . No significant side effects were noticed. This observation in a single patient indicates that Targretin® may improve memory performance and biological markers at an early stage of AD.
Surface-Active Helices in Transmembrane Proteins (2006)

Amphipathic surface-active helices enable peripheral proteins to perform a variety of important cellular functions such as: lipid association and transport, membrane perturbation and disruption in programmed cell death or antimicrobial activity, and signal transduction. Amphipathic helices that adopt a surface-active membrane location are also found in transmembrane proteins. Since they possess similar amino acid composition and therefore chemical and physical properties, it seems intuitively obvious that the specific role of these surface seeking, or horizontal helices in membrane spanning proteins in some ways parallel those of their cousins in peripheral proteins. This review compares research literature and data from both proteins sets (peripheral proteins and transmembrane) to examine this assumption. Furthermore, since the occurrence of surface-active/seeking helices in transmembrane protein structure is often omitted from comment in the literature, a brief survey of their apparent roles in transmembrane protein/lipid stabilization, microenvironment enclosure and signal transduction is offered here.
scVEGF Microbubble Ultrasound Contrast Agents (2010)

These results demonstrate the functionality of a novel scVEGF-bearing MB contrast agent, which could be useful for molecular imaging of VEGFR-2 in basic science and drug discovery research.
Interleaved Boost Converter With Intrinsic Voltage-Doubler Characteristic for Universal-Line PFC Front End (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> A novel, two-inductor, interleaved power-factor- corrected (PFC) boost converter that exhibits voltage-doubler characteristic when it operates with a duty cycle greater than 0.5 is introduced. The voltage-doubler characteristic of the proposed converter makes it quite suitable for universal-line (90–264 <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>${V}_{\rm RMS}$</tex></formula>) PFC applications. Because the proposed PFC boost rectifier operates as a voltage doubler at low line, its low-line range efficiency is greatly improved compared to that of its conventional counterpart. The performance of the proposed PFC rectifier was evaluated on an experimental 1.3-kW universal-line PFC prototype. </para>
Improving Safeguards and Functionality in Industrial Collaborative Robot HMIs through GUI Automation (2020)

Due to safety and security concerns, industrial human-machine interfaces (HMIs) cannot be updated as frequently and easily as other software. This leads to an innovation gap in productive industrial environments, which is aggravated by the demand that innovation yield immediate gains in productivity and profitability. Hence, industrial HMIs often lag behind the state of the art, which may pose risks in terms of the safety and security of human-machine interactive systems, such as collaborative robots, while impeding their interoperability with machine vision and other novel technologies. In response, this paper explores the potential and limits of novel tools and techniques from the domain of graphical user interface (GUI) automation, which can be used to extend existing robot HMIs in a flexible and pragmatic way. In this sense, the paper introduces a novel architecture for HMI automation and evaluates it using five non-exhaustive use cases for collaborative robots. Our evaluation demonstrates the effectiveness of the approach in various industrial application contexts that require specific extensions to off-the-shelf robotic software.
Demonstration of Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporters (hENT1 and hENT2) in Nuclear Envelopes of Cultured Human Choriocarcinoma (BeWo) Cells by Functional Reconstitution in Proteoliposomes (1998)

The equilibrative nucleoside transporters (ENTs) are a newly recognized family of membrane proteins of which hENT1 is the nitrobenzylmercaptopurine ribonucleoside (NBMPR)-sensitive (es) and hENT2 the NBMPR-insensitive (ei) transporter of human cells. BeWo cells exhibit large numbers (>10(7)/cell) of NBMPR-binding sites and high es and ei nucleoside transport activities relative to other cell types. In this work, we have demonstrated that proliferating BeWo cells possess (i) mRNA encoding hENT1 and hENT2 and (ii) hENT1-specific immunoepitopes. We examined NBMPR binding and its inhibition of uridine transport in various BeWo membrane fractions and proteoliposomes derived therefrom to determine if NBMPR binding to intracellular membranes represented interaction with functional es transporters. Unfractionated membranes and fractions enriched 5-fold in plasma membranes relative to postnuclear supernatants exhibited high NBMPR binding activity. Intact nuclei and nuclear envelopes also exhibited abundant quantities of NBMPR-binding sites with affinities similar to those of enriched plasma membranes (Kd = 0.4-0.9 nM). When proteoliposomes were made from octyl glucoside-solubilized membranes, high affinity NBMPR-binding sites were not only observed in crude membrane preparations and plasma membrane-enriched fractions but also in nuclear envelope fractions. Proteoliposomes prepared from either unfractionated membranes or nuclear envelopes exhibited both hENT1-mediated (82-85%) and hENT2-mediated (15-18%) transport of [3H]uridine. These results provided evidence for the presence of functional es and ei transporters in nuclear membranes and endoplasmic reticulum, suggesting that hENT1 and hENT2 may function in the translocation of nucleosides between the cytosol and the luminal compartments of one or both of these membrane types.
There Are Two Different Species B Adenovirus Receptors: sBAR, Common to Species B1 and B2 Adenoviruses, and sB2AR, Exclusively Used by Species B2 Adenoviruses (2002)

Unlike most adenovirus (Ad) serotypes, the species B Ads do not use the coxsackie-adenovirus receptor as an attachment receptor. The species B attachment receptor(s) has not yet been identified and is also poorly characterized. Species B Ads can be further divided into species B1 and B2 Ads, and these display different organ tropisms, suggesting a difference in receptor usage. We have studied the receptor interactions of the species B1 serotypes 3p and 7p and the species B2 serotypes 11p and 35 and characterized the properties of the species B receptor(s). Reciprocal blocking experiments using unlabeled Ad11p or Ad3p virions to block the binding to A549 cells of (35)S-labeled 3p, 7p, 11p, and 35 showed that only Ad11p virions efficiently blocked the binding of all the species B Ads studied (> or =70%). Thus, there is apparently a common species B Ad receptor (sBAR). However, Ad3p virions only partially (< or =30%) blocked the binding of Ad11p and Ad35 to A549 cells. Binding experiments after trypsin treatment of the cells confirmed that the species B2 serotypes address at least two different receptors on A549 and J82 cells, since sBAR is trypsin sensitive but the species B2 Ad receptor (sB2AR) is not. Both receptors are proteins or glycoproteins, since binding of all species B serotypes was abolished after proteinase K or subtilisin treatment of A549 or J82 cells. Furthermore, binding of the species B serotypes to sBAR was abolished with EDTA and restored with Ca(2+), whereas the binding of Ad11p and Ad35 to SB2AR was independent of divalent cations.
Autophagic failure promotes the exocytosis and intercellular transfer of α-synuclein (2013)

The accumulation of abnormal protein aggregates is a major characteristic of many neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD). The intracytoplasmic deposition of α-synuclein aggregates and Lewy bodies, often found in PD and other α-synucleinopathies, is thought to be linked to inefficient cellular clearance mechanisms, such as the proteasome and autophagy/lysosome pathways. The accumulation of α-synuclein aggregates in neuronal cytoplasm causes numerous autonomous changes in neurons. However, it can also affect the neighboring cells through transcellular transmission of the aggregates. Indeed, a progressive spreading of Lewy pathology among brain regions has been hypothesized from autopsy studies. We tested whether inhibition of the autophagy/lysosome pathway in α-synuclein-expressing cells would increase the secretion of α-synuclein, subsequently affecting the α-synuclein deposition in and viability of neighboring cells. Our results demonstrated that autophagic inhibition, via both pharmacological and genetic methods, led to increased exocytosis of α-synuclein. In a mixed culture of α-synuclein-expressing donor cells with recipient cells, autophagic inhibition resulted in elevated transcellular α-synuclein transmission. This increase in protein transmission coincided with elevated apoptotic cell death in the recipient cells. These results suggest that the inefficient clearance of α-synuclein aggregates, which can be caused by reduced autophagic activity, leads to elevated α-synuclein exocytosis, thereby promoting α-synuclein deposition and cell death in neighboring neurons. This finding provides a potential link between autophagic dysfunction and the progressive spread of Lewy pathology.
Contact resistance: Its measurement and relative importance to power loss in a solar cell (1984)

The concept of contact resistivity is discussed briefly and a technique for its measurement is presented. This technique allows for resistive contact material and for the possibility that the semiconductor sheet resistance beneath the contact differs from the semiconductor sheet resistance beside the contact. The test pattern is unique in that the effects of contact resistance are accumulated over the pattern, nearly unencumbered by voltage and current probes which might otherwise influence the current flow. Measurements of contact resistivities for typical solar cell metallizations using this technique are reported to be in the mid 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-6</sup> Ω-cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> range. The relative importance of contact resistance compared to other sources of power loss in a solar cell is determined for a typical contact system. Expressions derived in order to make this comparison are useful for evaluating and optimizing a solar cell contact system. Values of series resistance calculated using these expressions are compared with measured values.