gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Direct synthesis of organic derivatives of silicon using nonhalogenated organic compounds (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDirect synthesis of organic derivatives of silicon using nonhalogenated organic compoundsWilliam E. Newton and Eugene G. RochowCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1970, 9, 5, 1071–1075Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1970https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50087a014RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views231Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (604 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Selective ability of mouse CD1 to present glycolipids: alpha-galactosylceramide specifically stimulates V alpha 14+ NK T lymphocytes. (1998)

Mouse CD1 (mCD1) glycoproteins are known to present peptides, while human CD1 molecules present glycolipids. In mice, mCD1-autoreactive NK T cells play critical roles in various immune responses, through the secretion of high amounts of cytokines. This study was initiated to determine whether glycolipids are involved in the autorecognition of mCD1 by NK T cells. Alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer) was the only glycolipid tested capable of eliciting an mCD1-restricted response by splenic T cells. Moreover, splenic T cells derived from mCD1-deficient mice were not stimulated by alpha-GalCer, suggesting that the responsive T cells are selected by mCD1. Using cytoflow techniques, we confirmed that, in response to alpha-GalCer, IFN-gamma-secreting cells displayed an NK T cell phenotype. The predominance of IFN-gamma vs IL-4, however, is determined by the type of mCD1+ APC, suggesting the potential for APC regulation of cytokine production by NK T cells. Among a panel of 10 mCD1-autoreactive T cell hybridomas, only the ones that express the typical V alpha 14 J alpha 281 TCR rearrangement of NK T cells responded to alpha-GalCer. Fixation or treatment of mCD1+ APCs with an inhibitor of endosomal acidification and the use of mCD1 mutants unable to traffic through endosome still allowed alpha-GalCer to stimulate NK T cells. Thus, endosomal trafficking and Ag processing are not required for glycolipid recognition. In summary, alpha-GalCer might be the autologous ligand, or a mimic of a glycolipid ligand, involved in the mCD1-mediated stimulation of NK T cells.
Impacts by Big Game on the Income and Operating Expanses of Private Landowners in the Area of Utah's Deer Herd Unit #19 (1985)

The purpose of this project is to study the impact on private landowners of migrating big-game animals and to access the impact on income and operating expenses of private landowners. The results of this study will allow better estimates to be made of benefits, costs, and economic impacts of proposed management actions which change biggame animal populations.
Total ionizing dose effects on ultra thin buried oxide floating body memories (2012)

The total-ionizing-dose response of 1-transistor floating body memory cells is investigated. Factors affecting the robustness of these novel devices for high reliability applications in space environments are investigated. Memory failure is shown to result from radiation-induced threshold voltage shifts and increased leakage. Results from this work can also be used to uncover the effects of process and transistor level degradation on memory performance.
Live human nasal epithelial cells (hNECs) on chip for in vitro testing of gaseous formaldehyde toxicity via airway delivery (2013)

Cell models based on human nasal epithelial stem/progenitor cells (hNESPCs) are developed to obtain functional ciliated cells on modified Transwell inserts. The live hNECs are integrated into microfluidic platforms to mimic the 3D features of the human upper airway for in vitro testing of gaseous formaldehyde toxicity via airway delivery.
The molecular regulation of myogenesis (2000)

Over the past years, several studies have unraveled important mechanisms by which the four myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs: MyoD, Myf-5, myogenin, and MRF4) control the specification and the differentiation of the muscle lineage. Early experiments led to the hypothesis that these factors were redundant and could functionally replace one another. However, recent experiments using in vivo and in vitro models have demonstrated that in fact different aspects of the myogenic program are controlled by different factors in vivo, suggesting that these factors play distinct roles during myogenesis. The activity of the MRFs during proliferation and differentiation of muscle precursor cells has clearly been demonstrated to be dependent on specific cell-cycle control mechanisms as well as distinct interactions with other regulatory molecules, such as the ubiquitously expressed E proteins and several other transcription factors. Furthermore, the observation that the MRFs can recruit chromatin remodeling proteins has shed some light on the mechanisms by which the MRFs activate gene expression. Recently, a functional role for MyoD during satellite cell activation and muscle repair has been identified in vivo, which cannot be substituted for by the other MRFs. This has put forward the hypothesis that these factors also play specific biological roles following muscle injury and repair.
Spectroscopy of a ferroelectric plasma cathode (2001)

Results of spectroscopic investigations of the plasma formed on the surface of a ferroelectric cathode upon the application of a driving pulse are presented. The ferroelectric plasma cathode was made of a solid solution of Sr, Ba, Ti, Nb, Pb, and O. Its front side was covered by Cu grounded strip electrodes. A driving pulse with an amplitude ≲18 kV and pulse duration of ∼400 ns was applied to the rear Cu disk electrode. A Jobin-Yvon 750M spectrometer was used for visible light dispersion. Spectral line profiles were obtained by a fast framing camera. It was shown that light is emitted from the excited ions and neutral atoms of Cu, Pb, Sr, Ba, Ti, and H within the first 50 ns after the beginning of the driving pulse. By analyzing the Doppler broadening of the observed spectral line profiles it was found that the ion and neutral atom temperature is ⩽0.8 eV. Analysis of the Stark broadening of the Hα and Hβ spectral lines showed the absence of a high (&amp;gt;1 kV/cm) electric field which could be developed at the surface of the ferroelectric due to the appearance of noncompensated surface polarization charges. The same Stark analysis also showed that the plasma density does not exceed 1013 cm−3. By comparing the relative intensities of the Hα and Hβ spectral lines obtained with the results of collision radiative modeling, the plasma electron temperature was found to be ∼3 eV.
Syntheses of oligonucleotide derivatives with P(V) porphyrin and their properties. (1992)

Two types of oligonucleotide derivatives which are substituted by P(V) porphyrin at the phosphorus atom of an internucleotidic linkage and at the 5'-terminal internucleotidic linkage via a spacer were synthesized (Fig. 1), and hybridization capabilities of them with complementary oligonucleotides were evaluated. A novel method for a sensing of oligonucleotide by the fluorescence quenching via photo-induced electron transfer between the P(V) porphyrin labeled oligonucleotide and pyrene-labeled one on the oligonucleotide template is reported.
Ocular Hypotensive Effects of the ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channel Opener Cromakalim in Human and Murine Experimental Model Systems (2015)

Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is the most prevalent and only treatable risk factor for glaucoma, a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Unfortunately, all current therapeutics used to treat elevated IOP and glaucoma have significant and sometimes irreversible side effects necessitating the development of novel compounds. We evaluated the IOP lowering ability of the broad spectrum KATP channel opener cromakalim. Cultured human anterior segments when treated with 2 μM cromakalim showed a decrease in pressure (19.33 ± 2.78 mmHg at 0 hours to 13.22 ± 2.64 mmHg at 24 hours; p<0.001) when compared to vehicle treated controls (15.89 ± 5.33 mmHg at 0 h to 15.56 ± 4.88 mmHg at 24 hours; p = 0.89). In wild-type C57BL/6 mice, cromakalim reduced IOP by 18.75 ± 2.22% compared to vehicle treated contralateral eyes (17.01 ± 0.32 mmHg at 0 hours to 13.82 ± 0.37 mmHg at 24 hours; n = 10, p = 0.002). Cromakalim demonstrated an additive effect when used in conjunction with latanoprost free acid, a common ocular hypotensive drug prescribed to patients with elevated IOP. To examine KATP channel subunit specificity, Kir6.2(-/-) mice were treated with cromakalim, but unlike wild-type animals, no change in IOP was noted. Histologic analysis of treated and control eyes in cultured human anterior segments and in mice showed similar cell numbers and extracellular matrix integrity within the trabecular meshwork, with no disruptions in the inner and outer walls of Schlemm's canal. Together, these studies suggest that cromakalim is a potent ocular hypotensive agent that lowers IOP via activation of Kir6.2 containing KATP channels, its effect is additive when used in combination with the commonly used glaucoma drug latanoprost, and is not toxic to cells and tissues of the aqueous humor outflow pathway, making it a candidate for future therapeutic development.
AEP Ohio gridSMART Demonstration Project Real-Time Pricing Demonstration Analysis (2014)

This report contributes initial findings from an analysis of significant aspects of the gridSMART® Real-Time Pricing (RTP) – Double Auction demonstration project. Over the course of four years, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) worked with American Electric Power (AEP), Ohio and Battelle Memorial Institute to design, build, and operate an innovative system to engage residential consumers and their end-use resources in a participatory approach to electric system operations, an incentive-based approach that has the promise of providing greater efficiency under normal operating conditions and greater flexibility to react under situations of system stress. The material contained in this report supplements the findings documented by AEP Ohio in the main body of the gridSMART report. It delves into three main areas: impacts on system operations, impacts on households, and observations about the sensitivity of load to price changes.
Sperm nuclear instability and staining with aniline blue: abnormal persistance of histones in spermatozoa in infertile men (1992)

During mammalian spermiogenesis, replacement of the somatic histones by basic proteins, the protamines, allows normal sperm nuclear condensation. In this study we have evaluated the degree of chromatin compaction in spermatozoa from 191 infertile subjects, affected by different testicular disorders, compare with that in 50 fertile sperm donors (controls). In infertile men, there was a higher percentage of unstable spermatozoa after incubation with sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and of stained spermatozoa after staining with aniline blue (P less than 0.001 vs. controls). Furthermore, a positive linear correlation was found between SDS-unstable spermatozoa and stained spermatozoa (P less than 0.001), suggesting that sperm instability was related to a defect in histone-replacement by sperm-specific nucleoproteins, protamines. When the patients were considered according to pathology, high sperm nuclear instability and a high percentage of stained spermatozoa were detected in groups affected by varicocele, idiopathic infertility and in patients with a history of unilateral cryptorchidism. In the latter group the same alterations were observed even when the cryptorchid testis had been removed during surgery. In the group with a past history of mumps orchitis these parameters did not show any difference when compared with controls.
The HIV-1 Tat Nuclear Localization Sequence Confers Novel Nuclear Import Properties (1998)

The different classes of conventional nuclear localization sequences (NLSs) resemble one another in that NLS-dependent nuclear protein import is energy-dependent and mediated by the cytosolic NLS-binding importin/karyopherin subunits and monomeric GTP-binding protein Ran/TC4. Based on analysis of the nuclear import kinetics mediated by the NLS of the human immunodeficiency virus accessory protein Tat using in vivo and in vitro nuclear transport assays and confocal laser scanning microscopy, we report a novel nuclear import pathway. We demonstrate that the Tat-NLS, not recognized by importin 58/97 subunits as shown using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based binding assay, is sufficient to target the 476-kDa heterologous beta-galactosidase protein to the nucleus in ATP-dependent but cytosolic factor-independent fashion. Excess SV40 large tumor antigen (T-ag) NLS-containing peptide had no significant effect on the nuclear import kinetics implying that the Tat-NLS was able to confer nuclear accumulation through a pathway distinct from conventional NLS-dependent pathways. Nucleoplasmic accumulation of the Tat-NLS-beta-galactosidase fusion protein, in contrast to that of a T-ag-NLS-containing fusion protein, also occurred in the absence of an intact nuclear envelope, implying that the Tat-NLS conferred binding to nuclear components. This is in stark contrast to known NLSs such as those of T-ag which confer nuclear entry rather than retention. Significantly, the ability to accumulate in the nucleus in the absence of an intact nuclear envelope was blocked in the absence of ATP, as well as by nonhydrolyzable ATP and GTP analogs, demonstrating that ATP is required to effect release from a complex with insoluble cytoplasmic components. Taken together, the results demonstrate that, dependent on ATP for release from cytoplasmic retention, the Tat-NLS is able to confer nuclear entry and binding to nuclear components. These unique properties indicate that Tat accumulates in the nucleus through a novel import pathway.
Transparent stacked organic light emitting devices. II. Device performance and applications to displays (1999)

Vertical stacking of organic light emitting devices (OLEDs) that emit the three primary colors is shown to be a means for achieving efficient and bright full-color displays. In Paper I, we addressed stacked OLED (SOLED) design and fabrication principles to optimize emission colors, operating voltage, and efficiency. Here, we present results on two different (metal-containing and metal-free cathode) SOLED structures that exhibit performance suitable for many full-color display applications. The operating voltages at 10 mA/cm2 (corresponding to video display brightnesses) are 6.8, 8.5, and 12.1 V for the red (R), green (G), and blue (B) elements of the metal-containing SOLED, respectively. The respective subpixel luminous efficiencies are 0.53, 1.44, and 1.52 cd/A, and the Commission Internationale de L’Éclairage (CIE) chromaticity coordinates are (0.72, 0.28), (0.42, 0.56), and (0.20, 0.22). In the high transparency metal-free SOLED, an insulating layer was inserted between the two upper subpixels to allow for independent grounding of all color emitters in the stack. At operating voltages of 12–14 V, video display brightnesses were achieved with luminous efficiencies of 0.35, 1.36, and 1.05 cd/A for the R, G, and B subpixels, respectively. The respective CIE coordinates for R, G, and B emissions are (0.72, 0.28), (0.26, 0.63), and (0.17, 0.28) in the normal viewing direction, shifting inperceptibly as the viewing angle is increased to as large as 60°. Finally, we discuss addressing schemes of SOLED displays, and compare them with other strategies for achieving full-color, OLED-based displays.
High-level expression and purification of a recombinant human erythropoietin produced using a baculovirus vector (1989)

Conditions presently have been established for the high-level expression and simplified purification of recombinant human erythropoietin produced in Spodoptera frugiperda cells. Expression, as mediated by infection with a recombinant baculovirus, was accomplished in suspension culture using reduced levels of serum and media supplements experimentally determined to provide optimum levels of factor production (500,000 U/L). Purification of this recombinant human erythropoietin to virtual homogeneity (greater than or equal to 99%) was accomplished via a simple three-step procedure involving isocratic elution from DEAE-Sephacel, reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on a C4 medium, and the single-step elution of purified hormone from concanavalin A agarose. Overall, an 890-fold purification was accomplished with a recovery of 80% as assayed in vitro. Biologically, this purified erythropoietin is highly active, possessing a specific activity in vitro of 200,000 U/mg protein. Chemically, this erythropoietin (molecular weight [mol wt] 26,200) appears exceptionally uniform in its oligosaccharide constitution (30%) as contrasted with heterogeneously glycosylated erythropoietins derived from mammalian cells (mol wt 30,000 to 38,000; 40% to 50% complex-type oligosaccharide). Thus, human erythropoietin as presently produced in an insect cell line comprises not only an abundant source of highly active, readily purified hormone for studies of its mechanism of action and cell surface receptor, but also represents a uniquely homogeneous form that should prove advantageous for direct structural analyses.
An on-chip jitter measurement circuit with sub-picosecond resolution (2005)

A circuit for accurate on-chip measurement of timing jitter is demonstrated. Measurements with the circuit show excellent reproduction of corresponding off-chip measurements made with an oscilloscope, and resolution measurements show the jitter resolution of the circuit to be better than 0.4 ps rms. The circuit is very compact, occupying 3200 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ in a 0.13/spl mu/m, 1.2V, CMOS technology, and operates up to 2.5 GHz in this technology.
A miniature Fabry-Perot interferometer fabricated using silicon micromachining techniques (2003)

The techniques of silicon micromachining have been used to fabricate a miniature Fabry-Perot interferometer for use in the near infrared spectral region. The device consists of two silicon wafers with deposited, highly reflective dielectric mirrors. The wafers are bonded together with a small gap between the mirrors, and sawed into individual devices. The wavelength tuning and parallelism control of the mirror elements are achieved electrostatically, by varying the voltage between control electrodes. The measured finesse of the structure exceeds 90 at a wavelength of 1.4 mu m, resulting in a FWHM optical bandwidth of 3.1 nm. These devices are expected to find application as laser intercavity elements, wavelength demultiplexers in fiber optic telecommunications system, and as sensors of pressure and acceleration.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
TOMBS WITH PERFECT BODIES (2013)

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Rat liver Kupffer and endothelial cells express different binding proteins for modified low density lipoproteins. Kupffer cells express a 95-kDa membrane protein as a specific binding site for oxidized low density lipoproteins. (1994)

The liver is the major organ responsible for the uptake of oxidized low density lipoproteins (Ox-LDL) from the blood circulation with Kupffer cells as major cellular uptake site. Candidate binding proteins for Ox-LDL on membranes from Kupffer and endothelial liver cells were identified with ligand blots. Under nonreducing conditions, a major binding protein with an estimated molecular mass of 95 kDa and a minor stained protein of 220 kDa were detected on Kupffer cell membranes, while endothelial cell membranes expressed only a 220-kDa binding protein. Both the 95-kDa protein of Kupffer cell membranes and the 220-kDa protein of endothelial membranes displayed saturable binding of 125I-Ox-LDL with a Kd of 15 and 5 micrograms/ml, respectively. LDL was a weak competitor for the binding of 125I-Ox-LDL to the 95-kDa protein, while the degree of competition appeared to be dependent on the oxidation grade of LDL with a complete competition with LDL oxidized for 20 h with 10 microM Cu2+. We conclude that the 95-kDa binding protein, highly concentrated on rat Kupffer cells, forms the most likely candidate for mediating the in vivo uptake of Ox-LDL from the blood circulation.
How representative of typical practice are practice-based research networks? A report from the Ambulatory Sentinel Practice Network Inc (ASPN) (1993)

The ASPN and possibly other similar practice-based research networks are sufficiently representative of family practice to serve as useful laboratories in which family practice and primary care can be explored.
Revealing frequent alternative polyadenylation and widespread low-level transcription read-through of novel plant transcription terminators (2010)

Plant genetic engineering can create transgenic crops with improved characteristics by introducing trait genes through transformation. Appropriate regulatory elements such as promoters and terminators have to be present in certain configurations for the transgenes to be properly expressed. Five terminators native to soybean genes-encoding a MYB family transcription factor (MYB2), a Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (KTI1), a plasma membrane intrinsic protein (PIP1), a translation elongation factor (EF1A2) and a metallothionein protein (MTH1) were cloned and tested for their ability to enable transgene expression, mRNA polyadenylation and transcription termination. The terminators are as good as a control terminator of the potato proteinase inhibitor II gene (PINII) in conferring proper transgene expression, leading to mRNAs with various polyadenylation sites and terminating mRNA transcripts. RNA transcription read-through was detected in all transgenic plants and was quantified by qRT-PCR to be <1% at positions approximately 1 kb downstream of the 5' ends of different terminators. The detection of read-through RNA transcripts of the corresponding endogenous genes up to approximately 1 kb beyond the polyadenylation sites suggests that limited RNA transcription read-through is a normal phenomenon of gene expression. The study also provided more choices of terminators for plant genetic engineering when constructing DNA constructs containing multiple gene expression cassettes.