gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A role for TSLP in the development of inflammation in an asthma model (2005)

Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a cytokine that promotes CD4+ T cell homeostasis. We now demonstrate that TSLP is required to mount a normal CD4+ T cell-mediated inflammatory response. TSLP acts directly on naive, but not, memory CD4+ T cells, and promotes their proliferation in response to antigen. In addition, TSLP exerts an effect indirectly through DCs to promote Th2 differentiation of CD4+ T cells. Correspondingly, TSLP receptor (TSLPR) knockout (KO) mice exhibit strong Th1 responses, with high levels of interleukin (IL)-12, interferon-gamma, and immunoglobulin (Ig) G2a, but low production of IL-4, -5, -10, -13, and IgE; moreover, CD4+ T cells from these animals proliferate less well in response to antigen. Furthermore, TSLPR KO mice fail to develop an inflammatory lung response to inhaled antigen unless supplemented with wild-type CD4+ T cells. This underscores an important role for this cytokine in the development of inflammatory and/or allergic responses in vivo.
Cholesteric liquid crystal/polymer dispersion for haze-free light shutters (1992)

A new dispersion involving a polymer in low concentration with a cholesteric liquid crystal is reported. Two types of light modulators from these materials are described as a normal mode shutter which is opaque (light scattering) in the field-OFF state and transparent in the field-ON state and a reverse-mode shutter with the opposite field conditions. The transparent state of both cells is haze-free for all viewing angles making the material attractive for window applications and direct view displays.
Does the Oxidative/Glycolytic Ratio Determine Proliferation or Death in Immune Recognition? (1999)

Here we discuss the possibility that the way cells utilize fuel(s) for energy confers the properties that can be recognized by the immune system and, reciprocally, that recognition by the immune system can alter the balance of the cell's energy metabolism. We propose that immune recognition, of somatic cells via MHC can alter the their energy metabolism and induce a metabolic shift. We demonstrate the reciprocal relationship that inducing a shift in metabolism toward glycolysis by supplying glucose and insulin results in the upregulation of immunologically recognizable molecules such as cell surface Fas. Thus, immune recognition can induce metabolic deviation. Metabolic deviation can result in altered immune recognition and ultimately in cell proliferation, cell differentiation, or cell death.
Histocompatible miniature swine: an inbred large-animal model1 (2003)

Three herds of miniature swine, each homozygous for a different set of alleles at the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), and five intra-MHC recombinant strains, have been reported by the authors' laboratory. One herd (SLAdd) was selected for further inbreeding to achieve a histocompatible line. It has undergone seven additional generations of sequential brother-sister or father-daughter matings (termed G7). To determine the level of histocompatibility of these animals, the authors performed skin and heart transplantation without immunosuppression. In contrast to MHC-matched, minor antigen-mismatched animals that rejected skin in 11 days (median survival time [MST], n=6) and hearts in 35 days (MST, n=4), G7 animals accepted skin for greater than 340 days (>340, >448, and >677 days) and hearts for greater than 265 days (>265 and >269 days). Nevertheless, rejection of second grafts could be induced by sensitization, indicating that weak minor antigens remain, requiring further inbreeding to achieve full histocompatibility. We conclude that G7 animals are sufficiently inbred to accept first set skin and heart grafts indefinitely.
Due to intravascular multiple sequential scattering, Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy of tissue primarily measures relative red blood cell motion within vessels (2011)

We suggest that Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy (DCS) measurements of tissue blood flow primarily probe relative red blood cell (RBC) motion, due to the occurrence of multiple sequential scattering events within blood vessels. The magnitude of RBC shear-induced diffusion is known to correlate with flow velocity, explaining previous reports of linear scaling of the DCS "blood flow index" with tissue perfusion despite the observed diffusion-like auto-correlation decay. Further, by modeling RBC mean square displacement using a formulation that captures the transition from ballistic to diffusive motion, we improve the fit to experimental data and recover effective diffusion coefficients and velocity de-correlation time scales in the range expected from previous blood rheology studies.
Zintlphasen mit komplexen Anionen: Zur Kenntnis von Ca<sub>3</sub>AlAs<sub>3</sub> und Ba<sub>3</sub>AlSb<sub>3</sub>/Zintl Phases with Complex Anions: On Ca<sub>3</sub>AlAs<sub>3</sub> and Ba<sub>3</sub>AlSb<sub>3</sub> (1982)

The new compound Ca 3 AlAs 3 crystallizes in the orthorhombic system (space group: Pnma) with a = 1221.2(3) pm, b = 420.1(2) pm, c = 1343.4(4) pm. In the structure there are AlAs 4 -tetrahedra connected by common corners to „Einereinfach" chains. The new compound Ba 3 AlSb 3 crystallizes in the orthorhombic system (space group: Cmca) with a = 2113.3(10) pm, b = 719.4(5) pm, c = 1400.9(8) pm. AlSb 4 -tetrahedra are connected by common edges to isolated Al 2 Sb 6 groups. According to the compositions and structures both compounds belong to the Zintl-phases.
SoK: Introspections on Trust and the Semantic Gap (2014)

An essential goal of Virtual Machine Introspection (VMI) is assuring security policy enforcement and overall functionality in the presence of an untrustworthy OS. A fundamental obstacle to this goal is the difficulty in accurately extracting semantic meaning from the hypervisor's hardware level view of a guest OS, called the semantic gap. Over the twelve years since the semantic gap was identified, immense progress has been made in developing powerful VMI tools. Unfortunately, much of this progress has been made at the cost of reintroducing trust into the guest OS, often in direct contradiction to the underlying threat model motivating the introspection. Although this choice is reasonable in some contexts and has facilitated progress, the ultimate goal of reducing the trusted computing base of software systems is best served by a fresh look at the VMI design space. This paper organizes previous work based on the essential design considerations when building a VMI system, and then explains how these design choices dictate the trust model and security properties of the overall system. The paper then observes portions of the VMI design space which have been under-explored, as well as potential adaptations of existing techniques to bridge the semantic gap without trusting the guest OS. Overall, this paper aims to create an essential checkpoint in the broader quest for meaningful trust in virtualized environments through VM introspection.
Flow cytometric detection of receptors for interleukin-6 on bone marrow and peripheral blood cells of humans and rhesus monkeys (1993)

The expression of receptors for interleukin-6 (IL-6) on human and rhesus monkey peripheral blood and bone marrow (BM) cells was examined by multiparameter flow cytometry after staining with biologically active, biotin-labeled human IL-6 and phycoerythrin-conjugated streptavidin. Consistent with the multiple biologic effects of IL-6 in stimulating immune functions and hematopoiesis, IL-6 receptors were detectable on a wide variety of cell types. In peripheral blood, IL-6 receptors were detectable on monocytes, granulocytes, and on CD4+ T lymphocytes but not on resting, CD19+ B lymphocytes and CD56+ natural killer (NK) cells. CD8+ T lymphocytes also expressed IL-6 receptors but at lower levels than CD4+ cells. The IL-6 receptors on granulocytes were only detectable after staining with high concentrations of biotin- IL-6, suggesting that most IL-6 receptors on these cells represent low- affinity sites. In contrast, IL-6 receptors on both CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes were detectable at biotin-IL-6 concentrations as low as 10 pmol/L, indicating that these cells bind IL-6 with high affinity. IL-6 receptor expression patterns on rhesus monkey and human blood cells were very similar except that receptor levels on granulocytes were lower in humans than in rhesus monkeys. Similar differences in expression levels were observed for IL-6 receptors that were detectable on most granulocyte precursors in the mononuclear fraction of rhesus monkey and human bone marrow. In addition to these relatively mature cell types, IL-6 receptors were detectable on a large fraction of human and rhesus monkey BM blast cells that express the CD34 antigen. The presence of IL-6 receptors on CD34+ BM blast cells, which are the precursor cells of most, if not all, BM-derived blood cells, is consistent with the ability of IL-6, in conjunction with other cytokines, to stimulate immature hemopoietic cells in vitro and to promote blood cell production when administered in vivo.
Toll like receptor-3 ligand poly-ICLC promotes the efficacy of peripheral vaccinations with tumor antigen-derived peptide epitopes in murine CNS tumor models (2007)

These data suggest that poly-ICLC, which has been previously evaluated in clinical trials, can be effectively combined with tumor Ag-specific vaccine strategies, thereby providing a greater index of therapeutic efficacy.
Multiphase structural models and hyperpolarizability calculations explain second-order nonlinear optical properties of stilbazolium ions (2020)

The stilbazolium-based organic salt, DAST, is probably the most well-known commercial organic non-linear optical (NLO) material. Chemical derivatives of DAST have therefore been designed to engender even better performing NLO materials; the DAST-derivative, BP3, is one success in this regard. This paper provides a proof-of-principle in the use of structure factors, $F$, to determine the effects of the crystalline environment on intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), and thus the second-order NLO response of such molecules. A concerted experimental and computational approach is adopted. In particular, the application of the relatively new x-ray wave function refinement method, which tempers theoretical calculations with experimentally derived structure factors to yield an isolated molecule influenced by crystal-field forces, enables the impact of those crystal-field forces on ICT to be established. This study employs high-resolution x-ray diffraction data for its experimental component, this resolution being necessary given the marked challenges that are associated with the complicated interionic interactions within an organic salt. The results presented pinpoint the molecular-scale features that afford BP3 better second-order NLO prospects than DAST, laying the foundations for the molecular engineering of DAST derivatives that are better tailored to optimize NLO function.
MAPK, CREB and<i>zif268</i>are all required for the consolidation of recognition memory (2003)

There has been nearly a century of interest in the idea that encoding and storage of information in the brain requires changes in the efficacy of synaptic connections between neurons that are activated during learning. Recent research into the molecular mechanisms of long-term potentiation (LTP) has brought about new knowledge that has provided valuable insights into the neural mechanisms of memory storage. The evidence indicates that rapid activation of the genetic machinery can be a key mechanism underlying the enduring modification of neural networks required for the stability of memories. In recent years, a wealth of experimental data has highlighted the importance of mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) signalling in the regulation of gene transcription in neurons. Here, we briefly review experiments that have shown MAPK/ERK, cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and the immediate early gene (IEG) zif268 are essential components of a signalling cascade required for the expression of late phase LTP and of certain forms of long-term memory. We also present experiments in which we have assessed the role of these three molecules in recognition memory. We show that pharmacological blockade of MAPK/ERK phosphorylation, functional inactivation of CREB in an inducible transgenic mouse and inactivation of zif268 in a mutant mouse result in a similar deficit in long-term recognition memory. In the continuing debate about the role of LTP mechanisms in memory, these findings provide an important complement to the suggestion that synaptic changes brought about by LTP and memory consolidation and storage share, at least in part, common underlying molecular mechanisms.
Microelectrical impedance tomography for biophysical characterization of thin film biomaterials (2004)

We present a new method for measuring the electrical resistivities of a stratified sample of thin biomaterials or tissue layers. The presented technique makes use of impedance measurements between 11 pairs of electrodes separated by varying distances. The electrodes are made of gold stripes, 20-500 /spl mu/m wide and 8 mm long. We used hydrogels of poly-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (pHEMA) as a model material for our measurements. By changing the concentration of cross-linker we were able to tune the resistivity of the hydrogel between 1,000 /spl Omega/m and 17,000 /spl Omega/m. Using these hydrogels we were able to detect a change in resistivity of a 120 /spl mu/m layer lying 250 /spl mu/m into the sample.
Synthesis and reactivity of stable metallacyclic manganese and rhenium .alpha.-hydroxyalkyl complexes of the formula [cyclic] (CO)4MP(C6H5)2(o-C6H4CHOH) (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and reactivity of stable metallacyclic manganese and rhenium .alpha.-hydroxyalkyl complexes of the formula [cyclic] (CO)4MP(C6H5)2(o-C6H4CHOH)George D. Vaughn, C. E. Strouse, and J. A. GladyszCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 7, 1462–1473Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00267a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00267a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views766Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
A new cell structure with a spread source/drain (SSD) MOSFET and a cylindrical capacitor for 64-Mb DRAM's (1991)

A new cell structure for realizing a small memory cell size has been developed for 64-Mb dynamic RAMs (DRAMs). The source/drain regions of a switching transistor are raised by using a selective silicon growth technique. Because of lateral growth of the silicon over gate and field regions, the bitline contact can overlap the gate and field regions. The shallow source/drain junction by the raised source/drain structure realizes a reduction of gate length and isolation spacing. As a result, the DRAM memory cell area can be reduced to 37% of that using the conventional LDD MOSFET. In the fabrication of an experimental DRAM cell, a new stacked capacitor structure has been introduced to maintain enough storage capacitance, even in the small-cell area. The new capacitor is made by a simple and unique process using a cylindrical silicon-nitride sidewall layer. It has been verified that this cell structure has the potential to realize multimegabit DRAMs, such as 64-Mb DRAMs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Chemical composition, cytotoxic activity and antimicrobial activity of essential oils of leaves and berries of &lt;i&gt;Juniperus phoenicea&lt;/i&gt; l. Grown in Egypt (2008)

Hydrodistillation of berries and leaves of Juniperus phoenicea grown in Sinai yielded volatile oils in the yield of 0.36 and 1.96%, respectively. Using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry technique, fifty eight compounds were identified in berry oil representing 99.2% of the oil composition. alpha-Pinene was the major compound in berry oil (39.30%) followed by sabinene (24.29%). Berry oil composed mainly of monoterpenoids which amounted to 90.53%, of which 72.85% was monoterpene hydrocarbons. The sesquiterpenoids accounted for about 8% of the total oil composition. Leaf oil was composed of about 66 compounds representing 99.16% of the total composition of the oil. alpha-Pinene was the major constituent of leaf oil at concentration of 38.22%, followed by alpha-cedrol (31.23%). The monoterpene hydrocarbon was the predominant chemical group (41.29%) followed by the oxygenated sesquiterpenes (32.21%). Both oils showed very high cytotoxic activities against all cell line tested. They showed equal activities against brain (0.6 microg/ml) and cervix (5.0 microg/ml) human cell lines, while berry oil was slightly more active than leaf oil against lung (0.6 and 0.7 micro/ml, respectively), liver (0.7 and 0.9 microg/ml, respectively) and breast human cell lines (0.8 and 1. microg/ml, respectively).The antimicrobial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of leaf and berry oils were also determined. The oils showed high activity against most of the tested strains.
Beam hopping in multi-beam broadband satellite systems (2009)

A key requirement for the future multi-beam broadband satellite design is the provision of flexibility to adapt to different traffic demands by re-assigning capacity to beams in accordance with changing traffic distributions. Such flexibility would enable the best match to be maintained between the system resources and traffic demands over the satellite lifetime, thereby greatly enhancing the system utilisation and competitiveness. The current paper examines the use of beam hopping to provide such flexibility. It investigates the advantages of beam hopping and compares the performance and capacity capabilities of a beam hopped with that of equivalent non-hopped systems also designed to provide flexibility. (8 pages)
Increased Maternal Plasma Fetal DNA Concentrations in Women Who Eventually Develop Preeclampsia. (2001)

Preeclampsia is a multisystem disorder specific to pregnant women. It remains one of the most important causes of maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity in developed countries (1). Although the pathogenesis of this condition is not fully understood, it is now widely accepted that vascular endothelial cell dysfunction is the final common pathway responsible for the maternal syndrome (2)(3). The underlying pathological changes that lead to the endothelial cell dysfunction remain incompletely understood, but poor placentation has been proposed as a major contributory factor (2)(4)(5). As a result of incomplete or failure of trophoblastic invasion of the spiral arteries, placental ischemia results, leading to the release of one or more factors that are responsible for the damage of the maternal vascular endothelium (5)(6). The normal process of trophoblastic invasion is complete by 20 weeks of gestation. Hence, the initiating placental pathology should exist prior to this stage of pregnancy, long before the onset of the clinical syndrome. Therefore, it might be possible to develop new plasma/serum biochemical markers for identifying subjects at increased risk of developing preeclampsia.

We previously have shown that women with established preeclampsia have a fivefold increase in circulating fetal DNA concentrations in their plasma compared with control pregnant subjects (7). However, it is unknown whether this is a late phenomenon or whether it precedes the onset of clinical symptoms and signs. In this study, we aimed to test whether the abnormal increase in circulating fetal DNA concentrations can be detected in susceptible subjects before onset of the clinical disease.

Pregnant women attending the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong were recruited with informed consent. The study was approved by the …
Efficient Hydrogenation of Ethyl Lactate to 1,2-Propanediol over Ru–B/TiO2 in Aqueous Solution (2008)

Abstract Catalyst Ru–B/TiO2 showed an excellently catalytic performance for the hydrogenation of ethyl lactate to 1,2-propanediol (1,2-PDO) under mild conditions (90 °C and 4.0 MPa H2) without any additive. Especially, the activity of the catalyst was greatly improved in aqueous solution. The conversion of ethyl lactate was up to 98% and the selectivity to 1,2-propanediol was over 95%.
Highly efficient white-electrophosphorescent devices based on polyfluorene copolymers containing charge-transporting pendent units (2006)

We have developed an efficient green-emitting polymer (FTO-BT5) through the incorporation of low-bandgap 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (BT) moieties into the backbone of a blue-light-emitting polyfluorene copolymer (PF-TPA-OXD), which contains hole-transporting triphenylamine (TPA) and electron-transporting oxadiazole (OXD) pendent groups. A polymer light-emitting device based on this BT-containing copolymer exhibited very bright green emission having Commission Internationale d'Énclairage (CIE) chromaticity coordinates (0.32, 0.61); the maximum brightness was 10232 cd m−2 and the maximum luminance efficiency was 8.9 cd A−1. In addition, a highly efficient three-band white-light-emitting diode was prepared using PF-TPA-OXD as a blue-light-emitting host doped with this green-light-emitting FTO-BT5 copolymer and a red-light-emitting Os phosphor Os(fppz). Without co-doping any other electron- and/or hole-transporting molecules, this white-light-emitting device reached a maximum external quantum efficiency of 4.1% (8.3 cd A−1) at a luminance of 402 cd m−2 and a current density of 4.8 mA cm−2. When the luminance increased from 26 cd m−2 (0.36, 0.32) to 5258 cd m−2 (0.33, 0.31), the corresponding CIE chromaticity coordinates remain almost unaltered and very close to the emission of pure white light; the value of ηext remained above 3% in this high-luminance region.