gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Insulin-like growth factor II-messenger RNA-binding protein-3 and lung cancer (2011)

Insulin-like growth factor II-messenger RNA-binding protein 3 (IMP3) is an oncofetal RNA-binding protein that promotes tumor cell proliferation by enhancing IGF-II protein synthesis and inducing cell adhesion and invasion by stabilizing CD44 mRNA. IMP3 expression has been studied in many human neoplasms with growing evidence that IMP3 is a biomarker of enhanced tumor aggressiveness. IMP3 expression has been correlated with a poorer phenotypic profile including increased risk of metastases and decreased survival. Only a few studies have examined IMP3 expression in lung cancers. We review here the literature concerning IMP3 expression in lung neoplasms, specifically adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and neuroendocrine tumors of the lung. IMP3 immunohistochemical expression was reported in 27-55% of cases of primary pulmonary adenocarcinoma and in 75-90% of cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. In adenocarcinoma, IMP3 expression was reported to be correlated with more poorly differentiated histological grade, advanced stage of disease and lymph node metastases. IMP3 expression also may be a marker of high grade pre-invasive squamous lesions including high grade dysplasia and carcinoma in situ. In neuroendocrine tumors of the lung, IMP3 expression was expressed in all reported cases of large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and small cell lung carcinoma, but expression was limited in carcinoid tumors. Overall, IMP3 appears to be a useful diagnostic marker for lung cancer pathology including for discriminating high grade neuroendocrine tumors and low grade carcinoids and for identifying high grade pre-invasive squamous lesions.
RENAL TRANSPLANTATION WITHOUT SUTURES USING THE VASCULAR CLIPPING SYSTEM FOR RENAL ARTERY AND VEIN ANASTOMOSIS-A NEW TECHNIQUE (1996)

A cadaveric renal transplant was performed on a 63-year-old woman. The donor renal artery and vein were anastomosed to the recipient external iliac vessels using the vascular clipping system. These vascular anastomoses were performed with four stay sutures and several clips for each anastomosis, without a continuous vascular suture. The time taken was 8 min for each anastomosis. There were no postoperative complications and the patient went home after 6 days in the hospital. At 1 month follow-up her serum creatinine was 1.3 mg/dl. We conclude that cadaveric renal transplantation can be performed using clips for the vascular anastomoses. This technique permits an expeditious, interrupted anastomosis. Since the arcuate legged clips are nonpenetrating, there is minimum trauma to the vascular intima. In pediatric transplantation this interrupted technique may be of special importance, since it should allow the anastomoses to grow with time. The ability to quickly perform this type of anastomosis may reduce warm ischemia time as well. The safety and technical ease of this technique should allow its application in the anastomosis of other tubular structures as well. This might further improve the currently excellent outcomes of solid organ transplantation.
Strategies for improving the performance of CELP coders at low bit rates (speech analysis) (2003)

Some of the distortions produced by CELP (code-excited linear prediction) coders are characterized. It is found that the coder does not reproduce high frequencies well and that rapid changes in the speech signal are not adequately tracked. Within the framework of the current CELP concept, strategies are discussed that can reduce these distortions. Nonstationarities in the speech signal can be better followed by allowing a flexible allocation of the bits used for the excitation. However, the bit allocation procedures and the way the bits are used need further improvement. The reproduction of higher frequencies can be improved by changing the error-weighting procedure or by shaping the code-book excitation functions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Pineal calcification and subtypes of tardive dyskinesia (1990)

There is evidence that reduced melatonin secretion is associated with the pathophysiology of tardive dyskinesia (TD). To investigate the relationship between melatonin secretion and TD, I evaluated scores of subtypes of TD with CT scan measurements of pineal calcification (PC) size in 77 chronic institutionalized schizophrenic and bipolar patients. There was a significantly greater incidence of pathologically enlarged calcified pineal glands (greater than 1 cm in diameter) in the patients (18.1%) compared to the reported incidence in the literature in nonpsychiatric subjects (1%). In addition, there was a significant association between scores of limb-axial (but not orofacial) dyskinesias and the presence of pathologically enlarged PC (p less than 0.05). These findings support the notion that the pathophysiology of orofacial dyskinesias may be distinct from limb-axial dyskinesias. In addition, since it is possible that a pathologically enlarged calcified pineal gland is associated with reduced melatonin secretion, these findings add further support to implicate decreased melatonin secretion in the pathophysiology of TD. Further studies using direct measurements of plasma melatonin levels are required to define more precisely the relationship between TD and melatonin secretion.
Modeling Software with Finite State Machines (2006)

Modeling Software with Finite State Machines: A Practical Approach explains how to apply finite state machines to software development. It provides a critical analysis of using finite state machines as a foundation for executable specifications to reduce software development effort and improve quality. This book discusses the design of a state mach
Alternate interactions define the binding of peptides to the MHC molecule IA <sup>b</sup> (2002)

We have solved the crystal structure of the MHCII molecule, IA(b), containing an antigenic variant of the major IA(b)-binding peptide derived from the MHCII IEalpha chain. The four MHC pockets at p1, p4, p6, and p9 that usually bind peptide side chains are largely empty because of alanines in the peptide at these positions. The complex is nevertheless very stable, apparently because of unique alternate interactions between the IA(b) and peptide. In particular, there are multiple additional hydrogen bonds between the N-terminal end of the peptide and the IA(b) alpha chain and an extensive hydrogen bond network involving an asparagine at p7 position of the peptide and the IA(b) beta chain. By using knowledge of the shape and size of the traditional side chain binding pockets and the additional possible interactions, an IA(b) peptide-binding motif can be deduced that agrees well with the sequences of known IA(b)-binding peptides.
The Westinghouse Series 1000 Mobile Phone: Technology and applications (1993)

Mobile satellite communications will be popularized by the North American Mobile Satellite (MSAT) system. The success of the overall system is dependent upon the quality of the mobile units. Westinghouse is designing our unit, the Series 1000 Mobile Phone, with the user in mind. The architecture and technology aim at providing optimum performance at a low per unit cost. The features and functions of the Series 1000 Mobile Phone have been defined by potential MSAT users. The latter portion of this paper deals with who those users may be.
Transcription factors, translocations, and leukemia (1992)

The frequent occurrence of TF gene involvement in translocations associated with leukemia is remarkable, although not yet explained. The wide variety of TFs involved in these translocations and the different stages of cellular maturation argue against a unifying mechanism. Recombinases, active during B-cell and T-cell development, have been implicated in gene arrangements involving TCR genes and in the SIL/SCL rearrangement, which involves two genes not normally rearranged. However, other mechanisms must clearly be active in generating these molecular abnormalities and perhaps they relate to the multistep maturation and differentiation processes and continuous cell turnover seen in hematopoietic cells. The difficulties in obtaining human solid tumor samples may make it more difficult to identify translocations involving TF genes in solid tumors. Recently, the cytogenetic analysis of solid tumors has improved and specific cytogenetic abnormalities have been associated with specific types of tumors. With advanced techniques, such as fluorescent in situ hybridization (a technique that does not depend on cell growth) and PCR, abnormalities involving TF genes will be discovered. Abnormalities of TF genes, other than translocations, have been seen in a broad variety of nonhematopoietic malignancies. The p53 protein has been shown to bind DNA in a sequence- specific fashion and interact with a variety of DNA tumor virus oncoproteins. The broad range of cell types that harbor p53 abnormalities suggests that TF abnormalities will likely be implicated in many solid tumors. We have detailed several examples of how gene rearrangements that accompany chromosomal translocations in acute leukemia can alter the expression or activity of cellular TFs. Several translocations generate fusion RNA transcripts and fusion TF proteins with altered functional characteristics. Other translocations result in the expression of a gene not normally detectable in hematopoietic cells or alter the level of its expression, or affect the promoter usage or exon structure of the gene (Table 2). Studies are underway in many laboratories to characterize the biologic activity of these abnormal TFs and it remains to be proven that these molecular abnormalities are directly linked with leukemogenesis. The identification of abnormal fusion transcripts and proteins may allow specific therapies to be directed against “tumor-specific” DNA, mRNA, or protein targets. Therapeutic strategies based on antisense or ribozyme technology may be used to turn off expression of these genes and inhibit leukemia cell growth. Immunologic methods can also be used to direct therapy against the malignant cells.
Specifying conflict of interest assertions in WS-policy with Chinese wall security policy (2003)

A Web service is defined as an autonomous unit of application logic that provides either some business functionality or information to other applications through an Internet connection. Web services are based on a set of XML standards such as Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP), Universal Description, Discovery and Integration (UDDI) and Web Services Description Language (WSDL). The benefits of adopting Web services over traditional business-to-business applications include faster time to production, convergence of disparate business functionalities, a significant reduction in total cost of development, and easy to deploy business applications for trading partners. However, Web services architectures are built on an insecure, unmonitored and shared environment, which is open to events such as security threats. Security concerns are the major barrier that prevents many business organizations from implementing or employing Web services. This article discusses one of the classical security policies that deal with conflict of interest - the Chinese wall security policy. The article then extends this concept into specifying and implementing conflict of interest assertions in the newly developed WS-Policy. WS-Policy is an XML representation that provides a grammar for expressing Web services policies, to allow service locators to have a common interpretation of security requirements in the matchmaking process.
New extension of the Kalman filter to nonlinear systems (1997)

The Kalman Filter (KF) is one of the most widely used methods for tracking and estimation due to its simplicity, optimality, tractability and robustness. However, the application of the KF to nonlinear systems can be difficult. The most common approach is to use the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) which simply linearizes all nonlinear models so that the traditional linear Kalman filter can be applied. Although the EKF (in its many forms) is a widely used filtering strategy, over thirty years of experience with it has led to a general consensus within the tracking and control community that it is difficult to implement, difficult to tune, and only reliable for systems which are almost linear on the time scale of the update intervals. In this paper a new linear estimator is developed and demonstrated. Using the principle that a set of discretely sampled points can be used to parameterize mean and covariance, the estimator yields performance equivalent to the KF for linear systems yet generalizes elegantly to nonlinear systems without the linearization steps required by the EKF. We show analytically that the expected performance of the new approach is superior to that of the EKF and, in fact, is directly comparable to that of the second order Gauss filter. The method is not restricted to assuming that the distributions of noise sources are Gaussian. We argue that the ease of implementation and more accurate estimation features of the new filter recommend its use over the EKF in virtually all applications.
Analysis and Enhancement of Ring Oscillators Based Physical Unclonable Functions in FPGAs (2010)

The paper analyzes and proposes some enhancements of Ring Oscillator based Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) that are used to extract a unique signature of an integrated circuit in order to be used for device authentication purposes and/or key generation. We analyze in more details the concept developed by Suh et al. in 2007. Contrary to what authors claim, we show that the designer of the Ring Oscillator PUFs implemented in FPGAs needs precise control of placement and routing in order to get unique responses and repeatable results for each individual device, especially when the rest of the reconfigurable device should remain up gradable. One main disadvantage of the original design is its high power consumption. We propose a simple improvement that reduces the consumption of the PUF published by Suh et al. by up to 96.6\%. Last but not least, we point out that ring oscillators significantly influence one another and can even be locked. This questions the reliability of the PUF and should be taken into account during the design.
Die level thermal storage for improved cooling of pulsed devices (2011)

In many communications applications semiconductor devices operate in a pulsed mode, where rapid temperature transients are continuously experienced within the die. We proposed a novel junction-level cooling technology where a metallic phase change material (PCM) was embedded in close proximity to the active transistor channels without interfering with the device's electrical response. Here we present multiscale simulations that were performed to determine the thermal performance improvement and electrical performance impact under pulsed operating conditions. The modeling effort was focused on Gallium Nitride (GaN) on Silicon (Si) chips with Indium (In) as the PCM. To accurately capture the microscale transient melting process, a hierarchical multiscale model was developed that includes linking of atomistic-level molecular dynamics simulations and macroscale finite element analysis simulations. Macroscale physics, including the melting process, were captured with a transient two-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA) model. The FEA model also includes interfacial and contact resistances between the semiconductor materials and PCM. Non-equilibrium Molecular Dynamic (MD) simulations were performed to estimate the value of the interfacial resistances between the Si substrate and the In PCM, which included a new interatomic potential between In and Si that was developed from experimental scattering results available in the literature. The thermal modeling results indicate 26% more heat can be dissipated through the PCM enhanced transistor while maintain a safe operating temperature. A separate electrical modeling effort showed that the metallic PCM layer did not create appreciable parasitic capacitances as long as the PCM was farther than 1μm from the active channel. The lower, more constant temperatures achieved by this technology can help improve the reliability and performance of future communication devices.
Carcinogenicity of 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐<i>p</i>‐dioxin in experimental models (2006)

The contaminant 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a prototype compound of a whole class of halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons termed 'dioxinlike' contaminants present in food, human tissue, mothers milk, and environmental samples. Among the various adverse effects caused by TCDD in animal experiments, its carcinogenic effects caused particular concern. In rodents, long-term TCDD treatment leads to the development of tumors of the liver, thyroid, lung, skin, oral cavity and other sites. The occurrence of liver tumors mainly observed in female rats has been used as a basis for quantitative cancer risk assessment for TCDD. TCDD does not behave like a 'complete carcinogen', i. e. no DNA binding of the parent compound or metabolites thereof could be detected. However, enhanced oxidative damage of hepatic DNA was observed, probably resulting from a dramatic induction of cytochrome P450 enzymes, which are under the regulatory, transcriptional control of the TCDD-activated aryl hydrocarbon receptor. The marked enhancement of TCDD-related oxidative liver DNA damage in rats by estrogens warrants further mechanistic investigation. Furthermore, TCDD acts as a tumor promoter, i. e. it facilitates the growth of putative preneoplastic hepatic lesions after initiation with a complete carcinogen. The mechanisms underlying this effect may be related to altered intracellular signaling involving pronounced changes in the phosphorylation pattern of proteins regulating growth and apoptosis. These effects are thought to result in an enhanced survival of preneoplastic cells, some of which can undergo further steps on the way to malignancy. In summary, a better understanding of the mechanisms of the carcinogenicity of TCDD is mandatory to provide a rational basis for a better inter-species extrapolation. The final aim of these efforts is a more reliable risk assessment for the carcinogenic potency of the class of dioxinlike contaminants in humans.
A Control Theoretical Approach for Flow Control to Mitigate Bandwidth Attacks (2006)

Flooding-based distributed denial-of-service (DoS) attack presents a very serious threat to the stability of the Internet. However, current intrusion detection is unreliable and may have high false-positives. Rate-limiting is a better-suited response than complete filtering. Filtering out all the traffic to the victim would greatly damage misclassified flows, whereas rate-limiting still allows some packets to reach the destination and thus keeps connection alive. Allowing some attack packets through is acceptable, since the attack's overall impact depends on the volume of the attack packets. Moreover, if the flow-rate of low-priority is reduced, the high-priority flow would get more chances to access the server they share, which eventually reduce the congestion and improve the throughput of the high-priority flow. Based on tie concept of flow aggregation management architecture (Sui Song, et al., April 2006), we present a flow-based congestion control (FCC) architecture that consists of a flow-based quality-of-service (FQoS) regulator and PID controller. The whole system adopts a control-theoretic approach to adjust the traffic rate of every link (or server) so as to maintain the traffic rates at their desired level. In order to provide more fine-grained differentiated services (or flows) with different weight and maximally limit malicious services (or flows), we propose multilevel packet classification structure. Moreover, in order maximally to block flooding, the flow-based network intrusion detection (Sui Song, et al., April 2006) is used to classify each flow in the network into different priority classes and give different treatment to the flow-rates belonging to different classes. The architecture is shown to be highly flexible service differentiation and robust against different types of flooding attacks, and traditional network traffic control can be implemented using one common framework. This system has been evaluated by using simulated test-bed data. Results showed the success that the system mitigates bandwidth flooding attacks
Synthesis and antiinflammatory activity of tert-aminomethylbenzophenones (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and antiinflammatory activity of tert-aminomethylbenzophenonesRobert Coombs, William J. Houlihan, Jeffery Nadelson, and Edward I. TakesueCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1971, 14, 11, 1072–1074Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00293a013https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00293a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views91Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Studies on peptides. LV. Total synthesis of porcine motilin, a gastric motor activity stimulating polypeptide. (1975)

Synthesis of the docosapeptide corresponding to the newly revised sequence of porcine motilin, a gastric motor activity stimulating polypeptide, was accomplished. Synthetic peptide exhibited characteristic contractile activity patterns of the stomach and the duodenum in dogs, which were quite similar to those of the burst activity of these organs.
Sequence of the Alpha Subunit of Photoreceptor G Protein: Homologies Between Transducin, <i>ras</i> , and Elongation Factors (1985)

A bovine retinal complementary DNA clone encoding the α subunit of transducin (T α ) was isolated with the use of synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides as probes, and the complete nucleotide sequence of the insert was determined. The predicted protein sequence of 354 amino acids includes the known sequences of four tryptic peptides and sequences adjacent to the residues that undergo adenosine diphosphate ribosylation by cholera toxin and pertussis toxin. On the basis of homologies to other proteins, such as the elongation factors of protein synthesis and the ras oncogene proteins, regions are identified that are predicted to be acylated and involved in guanine nucleotide binding and hydrolysis. Amino acid sequence similarity between T α and ras is confined to these regions of the molecules.