gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of High Efficiency Monolithic Power Amplifier With Envelope-Tracking and Transistor Resizing for Broadband Wireless Applications (2012)

This paper presents the design insights for the implementation of a fully monolithic radio frequency (RF) power amplifier (PA) using both envelope-tracking (ET) and transistor resizing techniques for long-term evolution (LTE) applications. At the low output power region, some of the power cells in the PA can be disabled to further save power consumption, thus enhancing the efficiency from a traditional ET-PA. Our ET-PA system is first realized with a two-chip solution, consisting of a high voltage envelope modulator fabricated in a 0.35 μm Bipolar-CMOS-DMOS (BCD) technology, and a differential cascode PA in a 0.35 μm SiGe BiCMOS technology. This two-chip solution of the ET-PA is to showcase the effective efficiency enhancement of using the transistor resizing method. In the second design, a CMOS envelope modulator is integrated with the cascode PA on the same die in the 0.35 μm SiGe BiCMOS technology. Some insights are demonstrated regarding the optimization of the envelope modulator specific to our cascode PA for LTE broadband signals, where the finite bandwidth and the switching frequency of the envelope modulator are considered for achieving the minimal error-vector magnitude (EVM) and spurious noise. The fully monolithic BiCMOS ET-PA reaches the maximum linear output power (P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">out</sub> ) of 24 dBm and 23.4 dBm with overall power-added-efficiency (PAE) of 41% and 38% for the LTE 16QAM 5 MHz and 10 MHz signals at 1.9 GHz, respectively, without needing predistortion. At the low power mode of our ET-PA, an additional PAE enhancement of 4% is obtained at P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">out</sub> of 16-20 dBm by disabling some of the PA power cells. Our fully monolithic ET-PA satisfies the LTE 16QAM linearity specs with high efficiency.
Diseases related to oxygen-derived free radicals. (1995)

Oxygen-derived free radicals are very important mediators of cell injury and death. Not only are these highly reactive chemical species important in the aging process, but they are either directly or indirectly involved in a wide variety of clinical disorders, such as atherosclerosis, reperfusion injury, pulmonary toxicity, macular degeneration, cataractogenesis, and cancer. In addition, they play an important role in chronic granulomatous disease and act as secondary sources of cellular injury in chronic granulomatous disease and act as secondary sources of cellular injury in chronic inflammatory processes and several disorders of the central nervous system. Furthermore, a wide variety of drugs and xenobiotics are themselves either converted to, or stimulate the formation of, free radicals. Prevention and/or treatment of many of these disorders may be possible by appropriate antioxidant therapy, either currently available or to be discovered through continued research.
Synthesis of 1,3-connected polyarylmethanes (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of 1,3-connected polyarylmethanesAndrzej RajcaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 7, 2557–2563Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00007a054https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00007a054research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views139Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Multiple Innate Immune Pathways Contribute to the Immunogenicity of Recombinant Adenovirus Vaccine Vectors (2010)

The innate immune pathways that contribute to the potent immunogenicity of recombinant adenovirus (rAd) vaccine vectors remain largely undefined. Previous studies assessing innate immunity triggered by vaccine vectors have largely focused on in vitro studies involving antigen-presenting cells and on early in vivo inflammatory responses. Here, we systematically explore the Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling requirements for the generation of cellular immune responses by intramuscular immunization with common and alternative serotype rAd vectors in mice. Antigen-specific CD8(+) T-lymphocyte responses elicited by these rAd vectors were significantly diminished in MyD88(-/-) mice but not in TRIF(-/-) or TLR3(-/-) mice, suggesting the importance of MyD88-dependent TLR signaling. However, the absence of each individual TLR resulted in minimal to no effect on vaccine-elicited cellular immune responses. Moreover, responses were not diminished in IL-1R(-/-) or IL-18R(-/-) mice. These data suggest that rAd vectors engage multiple MyD88-dependent signaling pathways, none of which are individually critical; rather, they are integrated to contribute to the potent immunogenicity of rAd vectors. Stimulation of multiple innate immune mechanisms may prove a generalizable property of potent vaccines, and this strategy could be harnessed in the development of next-generation vaccine vectors and adjuvants.
Invariant error metrics for image reconstruction (1997)

Expressions are derived for the normalized root-mean-square error of an image relative to a reference image. Different versions of the error metric are invariant to different combinations of effects, including the image's (a) being multiplied by a real or complex-valued constant, (b) having a constant added to its phase, (c) being translated, or (d) being complex conjugated and rotated 180 degrees . Invariance to these effects is particularly important for the phase-retrieval problem. One can also estimate the parameters of those effects. Similarly, two wave fronts can be compared, allowing for arbitrary constant (piston) and linear (tilt) phase terms. One can also include a weighting function. The relation between the error metric and other quality measures is derived.
Sensitivity and performance of cavity optomechanical field sensors (2012)

This article describes in detail a technique for modeling cavity optomechanical field sensors. A magnetic or electric field induces a spatially varying stress across the sensor, which then induces a force on mechanical eigenmodes of the system. The force on each oscillator can then be determined from an overlap integral between magnetostrictive stress and the corresponding eigenmode, with the optomechanical coupling strength determining the ultimate resolution with which this force can be detected. Furthermore, an optomechanical magnetic field sensor is compared to other magnetic field sensors in terms of sensitivity and potential for miniaturization. It is shown that an optomechanical sensor can potentially outperform state-of-the-art magnetometers of similar size, in particular other sensors based on a magnetostrictive mechanism.
Colliding pulse mode-locked quantum-well lasers on a single chip (1990)

We report the generation of short optical pulses from a novel monolithic colliding pulse mode-locked quantum well lasers. Transform-limited pulses with durations of 1.4 picosecond have been achieved at repetition rates of 32.6 and 40 GHz.
Regional cardiac expression and concentration of natriuretic peptides in patients with severe chronic heart failure (2001)

The purpose of this study was to examine the regional cardiac mRNA expression and concentration of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in relation to the circulating peptide concentrations in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). The myocardial mRNA levels and peptide concentrations of BNP and ANP were analysed in seven different regions of the heart from patients undergoing cardiac transplantation. Autopsy samples from individuals without known cardiovascular disease were used as controls. The plasma levels of natriuretic peptides and their N-terminal propeptides, Nt-proBNP and Nt-proANP, were measured in the CHF patients and healthy volunteers. In the autopsy specimens, the atrial regions appeared to contain the highest peptide levels for BNP as well as ANP, the atrioventricular ratio being 12-262 and 72-637-fold, respectively. In the CHF patients there was a relative shift towards the ventricle for BNP, reducing the atrioventricular ratio to 6-16-fold. The circulating concentrations of BNP/Nt-proBNP in the CHF patients correlated closely to the BNP mRNA expression in most myocardial regions including the left ventricle (r = 0.72, P < 0.001). For circulating concentrations of ANP/Nt-proANP, such correlation were limited to the left atrium free wall (r = .66, P < 0.002). Thus, of the two natriuretic peptides, BNP/Nt-proBNP may be a better reflector of left ventricular overload.
Electrohydrodynamic Flow and Colloidal Patterning near Inhomogeneities on Electrodes (2008)

Current density inhomogeneities on electrodes (of physical, chemical, or optical origin) induce long-range electrohydrodynamic fluid motion directed toward the regions of higher current density. Here, we analyze the flow and its implications for the orderly arrangement of colloidal particles as effected by this flow on patterned electrodes. A scaling analysis indicates that the flow velocity is proportional to the product of the applied voltage and the difference in current density between adjacent regions on the electrode. Exact analytical solutions for the streamlines are derived for the case of a spatially periodic perturbation in current density along the electrode. Particularly simple asymptotic expressions are obtained in the limits of thin double layers and either large or small perturbation wavelengths. Calculations of the streamlines are in good agreement with particle velocimetry experiments near a mechanically generated inhomogeneity (a "scratch") that generates a current density larger than that of the unmodified electrode. We demonstrate that proper placement of scratches on an electrode yields desired patterns of colloidal particles.
Parallel visualization algorithms: performance and architectural implications (1994)

Recently, a new class of scalable, shared-address-space multiprocessors has emerged. Like message-passing machines, these multiprocessors have a distributed interconnection network and physically distributed main memory. However, they provide hardware support for efficient implicit communication through a shared address space, and they automatically exploit temporal locality by caching both local and remote data in a processor's hardware cache. In this article, we show that these architectural characteristics make it much easier to obtain very good speedups on the best known visualization algorithms. Simple and natural parallelizations work very well, the sequential implementations do not have to be fundamentally restructured, and the high degree of temporal locality obviates the need for explicit data distribution and communication management. We demonstrate our claims through parallel versions of three state-of-the-art algorithms: a recent hierarchical radiosity algorithm by Hanrahan et al. (1991), a parallelized ray-casting volume renderer by Levoy (1992), and an optimized ray-tracer by Spach and Pulleyblank (1992). We also discuss a new shear-warp volume rendering algorithm that provides the first demonstration of interactive frame rates for a 256/spl times/256/spl times/256 voxel data set on a general-purpose multiprocessor.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Free head motion eye gaze tracking without calibration (2002)

This paper introduces a novel technique for remote eye gaze tracking and detection of point of regard that is specially designed for wide use in HCI. It addresses and eliminates two of the major problems of commercial remote eye gaze tracking, namely the need for user calibration before each session and of accuracy degradation with head movement. The new technique uses a single calibrated camera, several light sources with known positions and a physical model of the eye to estimate the 3D position of the eye and its gaze direction. Simulation results using ray tracing are used to study the accuracy and robustness of the system, and demonstrate its operability.
Electro-Luminescence from Ultra-Thin Silicon (2006)

Ultra-thin single crystal silicon with the (100) surface formed by the local-oxidation-of-silicon (LOCOS) on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate becomes a quasi-direct band-gap semiconductor due to the quantum mechanical confinement effect. The device is a simple pn diode in a planar structure. Electro-luminescence (EL) has been observed by the lateral carrier injections into the two-dimensional quantum well.
Binderless carbon nanotube/carbon fibre composites for electrochemical micropower sources (2007)

Interesting architectures built with electrically conductive substrates of interest for microelectrochemical power sources were obtained by directly growing carbon nanotubes on each microfibre constituting a carbon paper. The carbon nanotubes were fabricated by the chemical vapour deposition technique. Results of electrochemical tests showed high-resolution responses in different chemical media, which indicate good electrical contact between the carbon nanotubes and the carbon paper substrate. These architectures hold great promise for incorporation into microelectrochemical power sources.
HLA class I-specific inhibitory receptors in human T lymphocytes: Interleukin 15-induced expression of CD94/NKG2A in superantigen- or alloantigen-activated CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells (1998)

A fraction of human T lymphocytes, predominantly CD8+, express receptors for HLA class I molecules typical of natural killer cells (natural killer receptors or NKRs) that inhibit T cell receptor-mediated functions. Herein, we analyzed possible mechanism(s) leading to the expression of NKRs by T cells responding to superantigens or allogeneic cells in vitro. We show that, in the presence of interleukin 15 (IL-15), T cells (depleted of NKR+ cells) responding to toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 de novo express CD94, a molecule that is part of a heterodimeric NKR with a broad specificity for different HLA class I alleles. Maximal CD94 expression occurred when IL-15 was added shortly after the cells were placed into culture, and CD94 expression started 4-6 days after addition of IL-15. Although both CD4+ and CD8+ cells expressed CD94, the simultaneous expression of NKG2A (i.e., the other component of the CD94/NKG2A inhibitory NKR) was confined to CD8+ cells. Similar data were obtained in T cell populations activated in mixed lymphocyte cultures in the presence of IL-15. The expression of CD94/NKG2A led to an impairment of allo-specific cytolytic activity by mixed lymphocyte culture-derived T cell populations or clones. Remarkably, cytolysis could be restored by the addition of anti-CD94 mAb, i.e., by masking the inhibitory NKRs.
Oxidase‐Like Activity of Polymer‐Coated Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles (2009)

Inorganic enzyme? Ceria nanoparticles exhibit unique oxidase-like activity at acidic pH values. These redox catalysts can be used in immunoassays (ELISA) when modified with targeting ligands (see picture; light blue and yellow structures are nanoparticles with attached ligands). This modification allows both for binding and for detection by the catalytic oxidation of sensitive colorimetric dyes (e.g. TMB).
LiSc(BH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>4</sub>: A Novel Salt of Li<sup>+</sup> and Discrete Sc(BH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup> Complex Anions (2008)

LiSc(BH4)4 has been prepared by ball milling of LiBH4 and ScCl3. Vibrational spectroscopy indicates the presence of discrete Sc(BH4)4(-) ions. DFT calculations of this isolated complex ion confirm that it is a stable complex, and the calculated vibrational spectra agree well with the experimental ones. The four BH4(-) groups are oriented with a tilted plane of three hydrogen atoms directed to the central Sc ion, resulting in a global 8 + 4 coordination. The crystal structure obtained by high-resolution synchrotron powder diffraction reveals a tetragonal unit cell with a = 6.076 A and c = 12.034 A (space group P-42c). The local structure of the Sc(BH4)4(-) complex is refined as a distorted form of the theoretical structure. The Li ions are found to be disordered along the z axis.
1BMF: Bovine Mitochondrial F1-Atpase (1996)

In the crystal structure of bovine mitochondrial F1-ATPase determined at 2.8 A resolution, the three catalytic beta-subunits differ in conformation and in the bound nucleotide. The structure supports a catalytic mechanism in intact ATP synthase in which the three catalytic subunits are in different states of the catalytic cycle at any instant. Interconversion of the states may be achieved by rotation of the alpha 3 beta 3 subassembly relative to an alpha-helical domain of the gamma-subunit.
Taxonomy of Camptotheca Decaisne (2014)

Based on the phenotypic, micromorphological,
Amyloid fibril composition and transthyretin gene structure in senile systemic amyloidosis. (1995)

In familial amyloidosis resulting from deposition of TTR Met 30 (Swedish-type familial amyloidosis), full-length TTR molecules (some mutant) usually predominate, and TTR fragments lacking three of the eight beta-strands (nonmutant) form a major part of the fibril in senile systemic amyloidosis. This may indicate a difference in the fibrillogenesis between these two forms of TTR-derived amyloidosis. We propose that the name senile systemic amyloidosis be used only for normal-sequence TTR amyloidosis occurring in advanced age.
A double-sided grating coupler for thin light guides (2007)

A simple and efficient solution for coupling a collimated light beam into a thin light guide is presented. The approach is based on two gratings, with their grating lines perpendicular to each other, fabricated into the opposite surfaces of the light guide. The presented numerical simulation shows that an optimized double-sided solution for unpolarized light enables around 2-7 times higher incoupling efficiencies than what is possible with conventional solution based on only one grating. Experimental verification is made by using UV-replicated binary gratings on both sides of a PMMA foil.
Role of sialic acid in survival of erythrocytes in the circulation: interaction of neuraminidase-treated and untreated erythrocytes with spleen and liver at the cellular level. (1977)

Sialidase (neuraminidase; acylneuraminyl hydrolase; EC 3.2.1.18)-treated erythrocytes obtained from different species are susceptible to rapid elimination from the circulation and are sequestered in the liver and spleen. The present studies were concerned with the mechanism of this clearance and how it may relate to the normal physiological process of removing senescent erythrocytes from the circulation. The results obtained indicate a preferential recognition of sialidase-treated as compared to normal erythrocytes by mono-nuclear spleen cells and Kupffer cells of the liver. This recognition manifests itself in both autologous and homologous systems by adhesion of the complementary cells in the form of rosettes, and as such could explain the removal of enzyme-treated erythrocytes from the circulation with their accumulation in liver and spleen. This phenomenon may represent a normal physiological mechanism for removal of senescent erythrocytes containing decreased sialic acid.
Measuring the Resolving Power of Ion Mobility Spectrometers (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMeasuring the Resolving Power of Ion Mobility SpectrometersWilliam F. Siems, Ching. Wu, Edward E. Tarver, Herbert H. Jr. Hill, Paul R. Larsen, and Dennis G. McMinnCite this: Anal. Chem. 1994, 66, 23, 4195–4201Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00095a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00095a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1059Altmetric-Citations210LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
3,4-Dihydrothienopyrimidines. II. Synthesis and sodium borohydride reduction of 2-substituted 4-chloro- and 4-unsubstituted-thieno(2,3-d)pyrimidines. (1982)

The synthesis and sodium borohydride reduction of 4-chloro-(1) and 4-unsubstituted-(3) 5, 6, 7, 8-tetrahydro [1] benzothieno [2, 3-d] pyrimidines, substituted with various groups, such as chloro, hydrogen, methyl, phenyl, amino, ethoxy, methylthio, methylsulfinyl and mesyl, at position 2, are described. In the reduction of 1, the 2-chloro and 2-methyl-sulfinyl derivatives only gave the corresponding 3, 4-dihydro derivatives. The compounds 3, except for the 2-phenyl, 2-amino and 2-ethoxy derivatives, were reduced to give the corresponding 3, 4-dihydro derivatives. The reduction was promoted by the presence of an electron withdrawing group at position 2. A 2-or 4-mesyl group was eliminated in the course of the 3, 4-dihydrogenation.
Status of dosimetry for <sup>252</sup>Cf medical neutron sources (1973)

The author presents a review of the parameters of 252Cf medical neutron sources. A comparison of 252Cf absorbed dose deterioration is made and the evaluation of data and sources of error are discussed.