gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oral Protein Therapy for the Future – Transport of Glycolipid-Modified Proteins: Vision or Fiction (2010)

The reliable and early diagnosis of common complex multifactorial diseases depends on the individual determination of all (or as many as possible) polymorphisms of each susceptibility gene together with amount and type of the corresponding gene products and their downstream effects, including the synthesis and flux of metabolites and regulation of signalling processes. In addition, this system's biology-driven personalized diagnosis must be accompanied by options for personalized reliable and early therapy. In the mid-term, the direct substitution or inhibition of the proteins encoded by the corresponding defective gene products of the susceptibility genes exerting lower or higher activity by administration of the 'normal' proteins or inhibitory antibodies, respectively, seems to be most promising. The critical hurdle of oral bioavailability as well as transport into the cytoplasm of the target cells, if required, could be overcome by therapeutic proteins with carboxy-terminal modification by glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI). This may be deduced from recent experiments with rat adipocytes. Here this membrane-anchoring glycolipid structure induces the sequential transport of proteins from special regions of the plasma membrane via the surface of intracellular lipid droplets to special membrane vesicles, which are finally released from the adipocytes together with the associated GPI proteins. It remains to be studied whether similar molecular mechanisms operate in intestinal epithelial cells and may enable the transport of GPI proteins from the intestinal lumen into the blood stream. If so, modification of proteins encoded by (combinations of) susceptibility genes with GPI could significantly facilitate the personalized therapy of common diseases on the basis of 'inborn' safety, efficacy, rapid realization and oral application.
CSF and Blood Oxytocin Concentration Changes following Intranasal Delivery in Macaque (2014)

Oxytocin (OT) in the central nervous system (CNS) influences social cognition and behavior, making it a candidate for treating clinical disorders such as schizophrenia and autism. Intranasal administration has been proposed as a possible route of delivery to the CNS for molecules like OT. While intranasal administration of OT influences social cognition and behavior, it is not well established whether this is an effective means for delivering OT to CNS targets. We administered OT or its vehicle (saline) to 15 primates (Macaca mulatta), using either intranasal spray or a nebulizer, and measured OT concentration changes in the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and in blood. All subjects received both delivery methods and both drug conditions. Baseline samples of blood and CSF were taken immediately before drug administration. Blood was collected every 10 minutes after administration for 40 minutes and CSF was collected once post-delivery, at the 40 minutes time point. We found that intranasal administration of exogenous OT increased concentrations in both CSF and plasma compared to saline. Both delivery methods resulted in similar elevations of OT concentration in CSF, while the changes in plasma OT concentration were greater after nasal spray compared to nebulizer. In conclusion our study provides evidence that both nebulizer and nasal spray OT administration can elevate CSF OT levels.
Feedlot performance of steers and bulls actively immunized against gonadotropin-releasing hormone (1992)

Feedlot performance and testicular and pituitary function were assessed in cattle actively immunized against GnRH. In Trial 1, 50 steers were either unimmunized (n = 10), actively immunized against keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH; n = 10), or immunized against a GnRH-KLH conjugate (n = 30). Fifteen of 30 steers immunized against GnRH-KLH received a secondary immunization 8 wk after primary immunization. Antibodies against GnRH were not evident in unimmunized steers or steers actively immunized against KLH. Antibodies against GnRH were noted in all immunized animals (n = 30) within 6 wk of primary immunization and anti-GnRH antibody concentrations became maximal 20 to 24 wk after immunization. The increasing anti-GnRH titer in immunized steers was associated with decreasing serum concentrations of LH. Serum concentrations of LH were depressed (P less than .05) within 8 wk of primary immunization and reached a nadir by wk 20. The patterns of increase in GnRH titer and decrease in serum concentrations of LH did not differ (P greater than .05) in animals receiving primary immunization alone or primary and secondary immunization. Feedlot performance and carcass quality were not affected (P greater than .05) by immunization against KLH or the GnRH-KLH conjugate. In Trial 2, 60 bull calves (mean weight = 325.2 +/- 2.8 kg) were randomly assigned to a 2 x 3 factorial experiment. The two classes (n = 30) were 1) unimplanted and 2) implanted with Synovex-S. The three treatments (n = 20) were 1) intact control, 2) actively immunized against GnRH, and 3) castrate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Grip and Pinch Strength: Norms for 6- to 19-Year-Olds (1986)

The purpose of this study was to establish normative data for 6- to 19-year-olds on four tests of hand strength. The Jamar dynamometer was used to measure grip strength and a pinch gauge was used to measure tip, key, and palmar pinch. A sample of 231 males and 240 females from the seven-county Milwaukee area was tested, using standardized positioning and instructions. Results of this study indicate that increases in grip and pinch strength coincide with increases in chronological age, that males are stronger than females in all age groups, and that hand dominance does not significantly affect hand strength scores. Normative data collected in this study were slightly higher than norms from previous American and Australian studies.
The Effect of Substituents on the Photochemical Reaction between Naphthalenedicarbonitrile and Methylbenzenes (1984)

The photochemical reaction between 1,4-naphthalenedicarbonitrile (NDN) and toluene in acetonitrile is extended to bibenzyl (4), 3- and 4-fluorotoluene (8, 7), and 3- and 4-m ethoxytoluene (9, 10). The product distribution obtained with com pounds 4, 7 and 10 is similar and includes 4-benzyl-1-naphthalencarbonitriles (1a -c), 1-benzyl-1,2-dihydro-1,4-naphthalenedicarbonitriles (5a-c), cis 2-benzyl-1,2-dihydro-1,4-naphthalenedicarbonitriles (2a-c) (with com pound 10 also the trans isomer 12), 12-substituted 6,11-dicyano-5,11-methano-5,6,11, 12-tetrahydrodibenzo[ a,e]cyclooctenes (3a, b) (not obtained with com pound 10), besides the hydrocarbons arising from the coupling o f the respective benzyl radicals (products 6a-c). With com pound 9 the only process observed is reduction of NDN to 1,2-dihydronaphthalene-1,4-dicarbonitrile (11). The results obtained fit into the previously proposed mechanistic scheme, involving electron and proton transfer follow ed either by in cage radical coupling to form products 2, 3, 5 and 12 or radical escape leading to products 1 and 6. The effect of substituents on the various phases of the reaction is discussed.
Homogeneous repair of nuclear genes after experimental stroke (2001)

The repair of oxidative DNA lesions (ODLs) in the nucleus of ischemic cortical brain cells was examined following experimentally induced stroke by occluding the right middle cerebral artery and both common carotid arteries for 60-90 min followed by reperfusion in male long-Evans hooded rats. The control group consisted of sham-operated animals undergoing the same surgery without vessel occlusion. Using a gene-specific assay based upon the presence of Escherichia coli Fpg protein-sensitive sites, we noted that animals with stroke exhibited six and four ODLs per gene in the actin and DNA polymerase-beta genes, respectively. This was increased from one per four copies of each gene in the sham-operated control (p < 0.01). One half of the initial ODLs was repaired within 30 min, and 83% of them were repaired as early as 45 min of reperfusion. There was no further increase when gene repair was measured again at 2 h of reperfusion. The rates of active repair within 45 min of reperfusion were the same in these two genes (p = 0.103, ANOVA). BrdU (10 mg/kg) was administered via intraperitoneal injection at least one day before surgery. We observed that there was no significant incorporation of BrdU triphosphates into genomic DNA during active repair, but there were significant amounts of BrdU triphosphate in nuclear DNA after active repair. The result indicates that genomic repair of ODLs in the brain did not significantly incorporate BrdU, and the initiation of neurogenesis probably starts after the completion of repair in the brain.
Deformation of Cotton and Bacterial Cellulose Microfibrils (1975)

The morphology and substructure of cotton and bacterial cellulose microfibrils have been studied in the electron micro scope following deformation by ultrasonication and by stretching on a Mylar substrate. Cotton microfibrils, which have an average width of about 250Å, were shown by negative staining to be broken down by ultrasonication into "elementary fibrils" with a width of ∼35Å. Bacterial cellulose microfibrils ranged in width from 140-200Å; the 140Å width is thought to represent the best packing of the elementary fibrils in the microfibril. Elementary fibrils were observed at bends and kinks in the unsonicated microfibrils. The results for microfibrils from both sources which had been deformed by stretch ing on Mylar were consistent with complete breakdown into elementary fibrils, similar to previous reports of deformation for Valonia cellulose.
Geometric Modeling: a Survey (1979)

Computer programs are being developed to aid the design of physical systems ranging from individual mechanical parts to entire buildings or ships. These efforts highlight the importance of computer models of three dimensional objects. Issues and alternatives in geometric modelling are discussed and illustrated with comparisons of 11 existing modelling systems, in particular coherently-structured models of polyhedral solids where the faces may be either planar or curved. Four categories of representation are distinguished: data representations that store full, explicit shape information, definition languages with which the user can enter descriptions of shapes into the system, and which can constitute procedural representations, special subsets of the information produced by application programs, and conceptual models that define the logical structure of the data representation and/or definition language.
Protein–protein interactions among C-4 demethylation enzymes involved in yeast sterol biosynthesis (2002)

A Saccharomyces cerevisae microarray expression study indicated that an ORF, YER044C, now designated ERG28, was strongly coregulated with ergosterol biosynthesis. Disruption of the ERG28 gene results in slow growth and accumulation of sterol intermediates similar to those observed in erg26 and erg27 null strains, suggesting that the Erg28p may interact with Erg26p and/or Erg27p. In this study, a peptide from human hemagglutinin protein (HA) epitope tag was added to ERG26 and ERG27 genes, and a Myc tag was added to the ERG28 gene to detect interactions between Erg28p and Erg26p/Erg27p. Differential centrifugation showed that Erg26p, Erg27p, and Erg28p are all membrane-associated proteins. Green fluorescent protein-fusion protein localization studies showed that Erg26p, Erg27p, and Erg28p are all located in the endoplasmic reticulum. Solubilized membrane protein coimmunoprecipitation studies using rabbit anti-Erg25p indicated that Erg25p coimmunoprecipitates with both Erg27p and Erg28p. Erg28p was also shown to reciprocally coimmunoprecipitate with Erg27p. However, no coimmunoprecipitation was observed with Erg26p, most likely because of the poor solubilization of this protein. Sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation studies suggested that Erg25p/Erg26p/Erg27p/Erg28p, along with other proteins in sterol biosynthesis, might form a complex between 66 and 200 kDa. Using an anti-HA column with Erg27p-HA and Erg26p-HA as target proteins, a complex containing Erg25p/Erg26p/Erg27p/Erg28p was identified. Thus, we suggest that Erg28p works as a transmembrane scaffold to tether Erg27p and possibly other C-4 demethylation proteins (Erg25p, Erg26p), forming a demethylation complex in the endoplasmic reticulum.
How Shelterin Protects Mammalian Telomeres (2008)

The genomes of prokaryotes and eukaryotic organelles are usually circular as are most plasmids and viral genomes. In contrast, the nuclear genomes of eukaryotes are organized on linear chromosomes, which require mechanisms to protect and replicate DNA ends. Eukaryotes navigate these problems with the advent of telomeres, protective nucleoprotein complexes at the ends of linear chromosomes, and telomerase, the enzyme that maintains the DNA in these structures. Mammalian telomeres contain a specific protein complex, shelterin, that functions to protect chromosome ends from all aspects of the DNA damage response and regulates telomere maintenance by telomerase. Recent experiments, discussed here, have revealed how shelterin represses the ATM and ATR kinase signaling pathways and hides chromosome ends from nonhomologous end joining and homology-directed repair.
Reactivity of natural and induced human antibodies to MUC1 mucin with MUC1 peptides andn-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) peptides (2000)

Antibodies (Abs) to MUC1 occur naturally in both healthy subjects and cancer patients and can be induced by MUC1 peptide vaccination. We compared the specificity of natural and induced MUC1 Abs with the objective of defining an effective MUC1 vaccine for active immunotherapy of adenocarcinoma patients. Serum samples, selected out of a screened population of 492 subjects for their high levels of IgG and/or IgM MUC1 Abs, were obtained from 55 control subjects and from 26 breast cancer patients before primary treatment, as well as from 19 breast cancer patients immunized with MUC1 peptides coupled to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and mixed with QS-21. The samples were tested with enzyme-linked immunoassays for reactivity with (1) overlapping hepta- and 20-mer peptides spanning the MUC1 tandem repeat sequence; (2) two modified 60-mer peptides with substitutions in the PDTR (PDTA) or in the STAPPA (STAAAA) sequence of each tandem repeat; and (3) four 60-mer glycopeptides with each 1, 2, 3 and 5 mol N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) per repeat. More than one minimal epitopic sequence could be defined, indicating that Abs directed to more than one region of the MUC1 peptide core can coexist in one and the same subject. The most frequent minimal epitopic sequence of natural MUC1 IgG and IgM Abs was RPAPGS, followed by PPAHGVT and PDTRP. MUC1 peptide vaccination induced high titers of IgM and IgG Abs predominantly directed, respectively, to the PDTRPAP and the STAPPAHGV sequences of the tandem repeat. Natural MUC1 Abs from breast cancer patients reacted more strongly with the N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) peptides than with the naked 60-mer peptide, while reactivity with the GalNAc-peptides was significantly reduced (2-tailed p < 0.0001) in the MUC1 IgG and IgM Abs induced by MUC1 peptide vaccination. Whereas in cancer patients glycans appear to participate in epitope conformation, the epitope(s) recognized by MUC1 Abs induced by peptide vaccination are already masked by minimal glycosylation. Therefore, our results indicate that a MUC1 glycopeptide would be a better vaccine than a naked peptide.
La comunicación bajo las concepciones del entrenamiento táctico. Entrenamiento simplificado de acciones de juego. (2004)

La comunicacion es un arma de caracter tactico que se debe desarrollar en los equipos para enfrentar los retos del deporte moderno, esto conlleva una preparacion en su entrenamiento que los haga capaz de inducir su solucion tactica al resto del equipo, estableciendo canales de interconexion en las respuestas a un problematica comun del juego. En la misma medida que ensenemos a jugar, se debera educar el atleta a interpretar los mensajes de los entrenadores, de sus companeros; el flujo semiotico del colectivo debe ser unico de esa colectividad pero comun en su estructura interpretativa del deporte. En el presente trabajo proponemos una forma de llevar el proceso de entrenamiento con el empleo de la comunicacion bajo las concepciones del entrenamiento tactico el cual se desarrolla en la propia actividad de juego. Esta forma de trabajo propicia en el educando el conocimiento de la logica interna del deporte que practica en condiciones de basado en dos principios fundamentales de trabajo, entrenar en condiciones tacticas y entrenar con ejercicios de jugadas simplificadas de juego, el educando al pasar por tres momentos fundamentales en su aprendizaje pueden adquirir las habilidades tacticas, tecnicas, fisicas y psicologicas para enfrentar el arte de jugar con su companero y con el contrario. Siendo los dialogos de calidad los elementos inductores de esta transformacion que el entrenador desde su papel de educador debera interpretar y hacer que el educando pueda comprender las estructuras de interconexion del su mecanica funcional que aseguran que cada jugador desarrolle el rol que le corresponde dentro del juego.
Development of a Chemiluminescence Competitive PCR for the Detection and Quantification of Parvovirus B19 DNA Using a Microplate Luminometer (1999)

The chemiluminescence cPCR appears to be a sensitive and specific method for the quantitative detection of viral DNAs.
Expanded polyglutamines in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> cause axonal abnormalities and severe dysfunction of PLM mechanosensory neurons without cell death (2001)

Huntington's disease (HD) is a dominant neurodegenerative disease caused by polyglutamine (polyQ) expansion in the protein huntingtin (htt). HD pathogenesis appears to involve the production of mutated N-terminal htt, cytoplasmic and nuclear aggregation of htt, and abnormal activity of htt interactor proteins essential to neuronal survival. Before cell death, neuronal dysfunction may be an important step of HD pathogenesis. To explore polyQ-mediated neuronal toxicity, we expressed the first 57 amino acids of human htt containing normal [19 Gln residues (Glns)] and expanded (88 or 128 Glns) polyQ fused to fluorescent marker proteins in the six touch receptor neurons of Caenorhabditis elegans. Expanded polyQ produced touch insensitivity in young adults. Noticeably, only 28 +/- 6% of animals with 128 Glns were touch sensitive in the tail, as mediated by the PLM neurons. Similar perinuclear deposits and faint nuclear accumulation of fusion proteins with 19, 88, and 128 Glns were observed. In contrast, significant deposits and morphological abnormalities in PLM cell axons were observed with expanded polyQ (128 Glns) and partially correlated with touch insensitivity. PLM cell death was not detected in young or old adults. These animals indicate that significant neuronal dysfunction without cell death may be induced by expanded polyQ and may correlate with axonal insults, and not cell body aggregates. These animals also provide a suitable model to perform in vivo suppression of polyQ-mediated neuronal dysfunction.
On-demand QoS-based routing protocol for ad hoc mobile wireless networks (2002)

To explore QoS issue for ad hoc mobile wireless networks is not trivial because of the high mobility of mobile nodes. Based an the DSDV (destination-sequenced distance-vector) routing protocol for maintaining up-to-date route information, previous works on QoS routing for ad hoc mobile wireless networks do require adding an extra bandwidth for exchanging QoS information. However the size and the update frequency of the routing table are increased tremendously with the number of mobile nodes. We propose an on-demand-based QoS routing protocol to achieve the QoS requirement. The goal of this paper is to discover an optimal route with minimum time delay for transmitting real-time data from a source node hop by hop to a destination node under some predefined constraints.
Immobilization Chemistries (2009)

Among the parameters which influence the success of a microarray experiment, the attachment of the nucleic acid captures to the support surface plays a decisive role.This article attempts to review the main concepts and ideas of the multiple variants which exist in terms of the immobilization chemistries used in nucleic acid microarray technology. Starting from the attachment of unmodified nucleic acids to modified glass slides by adsorption, further strategies for the coupling of nucleic acid capture molecules to a variety of support materials are surveyed with a focus on the reactive groups involved in the respective process.After a brief introduction, an overview is given about microarray substrates with special emphasis on the approaches used for the activation of these - usually chemically inert - materials. In the next sections strategies for the "undefined" and "defined" immobilization of captures on the substrates are described. While the latter approach tries to accomplish the coupling via a defined reactive moiety of the molecule to be immobilized, the former mentioned techniques involve multiply occurring reactive groups in the capture.The article finishes with an example for microarray manufacture, the production of aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) functionalized glass substrates to which PDITC homobifunctional linker molecules are coupled; on their part providing reactive functional groups for the covalent immobilization of pre-synthesized, amino-modified oligonucleotides.This survey does not seek to be comprehensive rather it tries to present and provide key examples for the basic techniques, and to enable orientation if more detailed studies are needed. This review should not be considered as a guide to how to use the different chemistries described, but instead as a presentation of various principles and approaches applied in the still evolving field of nucleic acid microarray technology.
Topological requirements for homologous recombination among DNA molecules transfected into mammalian cells. (1985)

Cultured animal cells rearrange foreign DNA very efficiently by homologous recombination. The individual steps that constitute the mechanism(s) of homologous recombination in transfected DNA are as yet undefined. In this study, we examined the topological requirements by using the genome of simian virus 40 (SV40) as a probe. By assaying homologous recombination between defective SV40 genomes after transfection into CV1 monkey cells, we showed that linear molecules are preferred substrates for homologous exchanges, exchanges are distributed around the SV40 genome, and the frequency of exchange is not diminished significantly by the presence of short stretches of non-SV40 DNA at the ends. These observations are considered in relation to current models of homologous recombination in mammalian cells, and a new model is proposed. The function of somatic cell recombination is discussed.