gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biometric study using hyperspectral imaging during stress (2010)

To the casual observer, transient stress results in a variety of physiological changes that can be seen in the face. Although the conditions can be seen visibly, the conditions affect the emissivity and absorption properties of the skin, which imaging spectrometers, commonly referred to as Hyperspectral (HS) cameras, can quantify at every image pixel. The study reported on in this paper, using Hyperspectral cameras, provides a basis for continued study of HS imaging to eventually quantify biometric stress. This study was limited to the visible to near infrared (VNIR) spectral range. Signal processing tools and algorithms have been developed and are described for using HS face data from human subjects. The subjects were placed in psychologically stressful situations and the camera data were analyzed to detect stress through changes in dermal reflectance and emissivity. Results indicate that hyperspectral imaging may potentially serve as a non-invasive tool to measure changes in skin emissivity indicative of a stressful incident. Particular narrow spectral bands in the near-infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum seem especially important. Further studies need to be performed to determine the optimal spectral bands and to generalize the conclusions. The enormous information available in hyperspectral imaging needs further analysis and more spectral regions need to be exploited. Non-invasive stress detection is a prominent area of research with countless applications for both military and commercial use including border patrol, stand-off interrogation, access control, surveillance, and non-invasive and un-attended patient monitoring.
Inorganic monoliths hierarchically textured via concentrated direct emulsion and micellar templatesElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: XRD profiles, nitrogen physisorption data and pore size distribution calculated from density functional theory, for the xSi-HIPE0.035 series. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/jm/b4/b400984c/ (2004)

Hierarchical inorganic porous monoliths have been prepared using concentrated emulsion and micellar templates. The texture of these monoliths has to be tuned varying either the pH of the continuous aqueous phase, the emulsification process or the oil volumic fraction. These materials show interconnected macroporosity associated with vermicular-type mesostructuration. They possess an average mesoporosity of 800 m2 g−1 associated with bulk density as low as 0.08 g cm−3, which is comparable to values obtained for silica aerogel.
Spline Interpolation and Smoothing on the Sphere (1981)

We extend the notion of periodic polynomial splines on the circle and thin plate splines on Euclidean d-space to splines on the sphere which are invariant under arbitrary rotations of the coordinate system. We solve the following problem: Find $u \in \mathcal{H}_m (S)$, a suitably defined reproducing kernel (Sobolev) space on the sphere S to, A) minimize $J_m (u)$ subject to $u(P_i ) = z_i $, $i = 1,2, \cdots ,n$, and B) minimize \[ \frac{1} {n}\sum\limits_{j = 1}^n {\left( {u\left( {P_i } \right) - z_i } \right)^2 } + \lambda J_m (u), \] where \[ \begin{gathered} J_m (u) = \int_0^{2\pi } {\int_0^\pi {\left( {\Delta ^{{m / 2}} u(\theta ,\phi )} \right)} } ^2 \sin \theta d\theta d\phi ,\quad m{\text{ even}} \\ = \int_0^{2\pi } {\int_0^\pi {\left\{ {\frac{{\left( {\Delta ^{{{(m-1)} / 2}} u} \right)_\phi ^2 }} {{\sin ^2 \theta }} + \left( {\Delta ^{{{(m-1)} / 2}} u} \right)_\theta ^2 } \right\}} } \sin \theta d\theta d\phi ,\quad m\,{\text{odd}}. \\ \end{gathered} \] Here $\Delta $ is the Laplace–Beltrami operator on the sphere and $J_m (u)$ is the natural analogue on the sphere, of the quadratic functional $\int_0^{2\pi } {\left( {u^{(m)} (\theta )} \right)} ^2 d\theta $ on the circle, which appears in the definition of periodic polynomial splines. $J_m (u)$ may also be considered to be the analogue of \[ \sum\limits_{j = 0}^m {\left( {\begin{array}{*{20}c} m \\ j \\ \end{array} } \right)} \int_{ - \infty }^\infty {\int_{ - \infty }^\infty {\left( {\frac{{\partial ^m u}} {{\partial x^j \partial y^{m - j} }}} \right)} } ^2 dxdy \] appearing in the definition of thin plate splines on the plane. The solution splines are obtained in the form of infinite series, which do not appear to be convenient for certain kinds of computation. We then replace $J_m $ in A) and B) by a quadratic functional $Q_m $ which is topologically equivalent to $J_m $ on $\mathcal{H}_m (S)$ and obtain closed form solutions to the modified problems which are suitable for numerical calculation, thus providing practical pseudo-spline solutions to interpolation and smoothing problems on the sphere. Convergence rates of the splines and pseudo-splines will be the same. A number of results established or conjectured for polynomial and thin plate splines can be extended to the splines and pseudo-splines constructed here.
Bactericidal Treatment of Hatching Eggs IV. Hydrogen Peroxide Applied with Vacuum and a Surfactant to Eliminate Salmonella from Hatching Eggs (2000)

Bacteria (including salmonellae) can be pulled into and through the shell and membrane of broiler hatching eggs as they cool. When this occurs, salmonellae are out of reach of a surfaceapplied chemical treatment, because direct contact is usually required to achieve a kill. Over many years of research, a large number of disinfectant chemicals have been tested on hatching eggs. We have found H2O2 (1.4%) to be a fairly effective disinfectant to reduce Salmonella that is artificially inoculated onto hatching eggs. The objective of the present study was to determine whether the efficacy of H2O2 could be enhanced by utilizing vacuum and a surfactant to remove air and reduce surface tension within the eggshell, enabling the bactericide to penetrate deeper into the egg to kill Salmonella. Eggs were inoculated with nalidixic acid-resistant Salmonella typhimurium. Inoculated eggs were treated with H2O2 with or without a surfactant and with or without the application of vacuum to facilitate shell penetration. Thirty percent of eggs exposed to H2O2 with surfactant and vacuum were still positive for the marker Salmonella. Although this represents a decrease in number compared with a water control, 30% remained contaminated. Results demonstrate the difficulty involved in reaching and killing Salmonella that has penetrated the hatching egg, even with an effective bactericide.
Transformation Systems of non- <i>Saccharomyces</i> Yeasts (2001)

This review describes the transformation systems including vectors, replicons, genetic markers, transformation methods, vector stability, and copy numbers of 13 genera and 31 species of non-Saccharomyces yeasts. Schizosaccharomyces pombe was the first non-Saccharomyces yeast studied for transformation and genetics. The replicons of non-Saccharomyces yeast vectors are from native plasmids, chromosomal DNA, and mitochondrial DNA of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, non-Saccharomyces yeasts, protozoan, plant, and animal. Vectors such as YAC, YCp, YEp, YIp, and YRp were developed for non-Saccharomyces yeasts. Forty-two types of genes from bacteria, yeasts, fungi, and plant were used as genetic markers that could be classified into biosynthetic, dominant, and colored groups to construct non-Saccharomyces yeasts vectors. The LEU2 gene and G418 resistance gene are the two most popular markers used in the yeast transformation. All known transformation methods such as spheroplast-mediating method, alkaline ion treatment method, electroporation, trans-kingdom conjugation, and biolistics have been developed successfully for non-Saccharomyces yeasts, among which the first three are most widely used. The highest copy number detected from non-Saccharomyces yeasts is 60 copies in Kluyveromyces lactis. No general rule is known to illustrate the transformation efficiency, vector stability, and copy number, although factors such as vector composition, host strain, transformation method, and selective pressure might influence them.
Compact 1 × N thermo-optic switches based on silicon photonic wire waveguides (2005)

Using silicon photonic wire waveguides, we constructed compact 1 x 1, 1 x 2, and 1 x 4 Mach-Zehnder interferometer type optical switches on a silicon-on-insulator substrate and demonstrated their switching operations through the thermo-optic effect. These switches were smaller than 140 x 65, 85 x 30, and 190 x 75 mum, respectively. At a 1550-nm wavelength, we obtained an extinction ratio larger than 30 dB, a switching power as low as 90 mW, and a switching response time of less than 100 mus. Furthermore, switching operations were successfully demonstrated for the 1 x 4 switch.
Discriminating between Varicella-Zoster Virus Vaccine and Wild-Type Strains by Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (2008)

The loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method was developed to distinguish between the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) vaccine (vOka) strain and wild-type strains. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (nucleotide [nt] 105705 for VR-1 VZV LAMP and nt 106262 for VR-2 VZV LAMP) located in the open reading frame 62 gene were selected as LAMP targets. Amplified vOka DNA demonstrated a typical ladder pattern; however, no LAMP product was detected in reactions performed with DNAs from other human herpesviruses by either VR-1 VZV LAMP or VR-2 VZV LAMP. This result was confirmed by a turbidity assay. The sensitivities of both VR-1 and VR-2 VZV LAMP determined by either the turbidity assay or agarose gel electrophoresis were 100 copies per reaction. To discriminate the vOka strain from wild-type strains, VR-1 and VR-2 VZV LAMP products were digested with the appropriate restriction enzymes (SacII for VR-1 LAMP and SmaI for VR-2 LAMP). The digested products were clearly different in the vOka strain and wild-type strains. To evaluate the utility of the LAMP methods for rapid differentiation, viral DNA (without DNA extraction) in swab samples was directly tested. Wild-type VZV DNA was detected in 20 swab samples by either VR-1 VZV LAMP or VR-2 VZV LAMP. Sequence analysis confirmed the expected SNPs in the LAMP products amplified from the vOka strain and the five wild-type strains.
IN SILICO MODELS OF ACUTE INFLAMMATION IN ANIMALS (2006)

Trauma and hemorrhagic shock elicit an acute inflammatory response, predisposing patients to sepsis, organ dysfunction, and death. Few approved therapies exist for these acute inflammatory states, mainly due to the complex interplay of interacting inflammatory and physiological elements working at multiple levels. Various animal models have been used to simulate these phenomena, but these models often do not replicate the clinical setting of multiple overlapping insults. Mathematical modeling of complex systems is an approach for understanding the interplay among biological interactions. We constructed a mathematical model using ordinary differential equations that encompass the dynamics of cells and cytokines of the acute inflammatory response, as well as global tissue dysfunction. The model was calibrated in C57Bl/6 mice subjected to (1) various doses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) alone, (2) surgical trauma, and (3) surgery + hemorrhagic shock. We tested the model's predictive ability in scenarios on which it had not been trained, namely, (1) surgery +/- hemorrhagic shock + LPS given at times after the beginning of surgical instrumentation, and (2) surgery + hemorrhagic shock + bilateral femoral fracture. Software was created that facilitated fitting of the mathematical model to experimental data, as well as for simulation of experiments with various inflammatory challenges and associated variations (gene knockouts, inhibition of specific cytokines, etc.). Using this software, the C57Bl/6-specific model was recalibrated for inflammatory analyte data in CD14-/- mice and was used to elucidate altered features of inflammation in these animals. In other experiments, rats were subjected to surgical trauma +/- LPS or to bacterial infection via fibrin clots impregnated with various inocula of Escherichia coli. Mathematical modeling may provide insights into the complex dynamics of acute inflammation in a manner that can be tested in vivo using many fewer animals than has been possible previously.
Interleukin‐10 inhibits endotoxin‐induced tissue factor mRNA production by human monocytes (1993)

In Gram-negative septic shock, human monocytes synthesize and express on their cytoplasmic membrane tissue factor (TF), a potent activator of the coagulation cascades. The role of TF in triggering disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in these patients appears to be clear. We report the suppressive effect of interleukin-10 (IL-10) on endotoxin-induced TF activity and antigen levels, and on the expression of TF mRNA levels in human monocytes. These results emphasize the potential therapeutic value of this cytokine in septic shock, a condition still associated with a high mortality rate.
A Novel Design for Memristor-Based Logic Switch and Crossbar Circuits (2015)

Recently, it has been demonstrated that memristors can be utilized as logic gates, control switches as well as memory elements. In this paper, we analyze the different AND, OR, and NOT logic gates which are based on memristors. In addition, a novel design for a memristor-based switch is presented, which can be used in the peripheral read/write circuits of the memristor-based memory. Moreover, methods of consecutive read with long refresh intervals and fast write for the proposed design are also discussed. Another highlight of this work is the analysis of the proposed memristor-based crossbar architecture which has a series of excellent features, such as good-compatibility, high-density, non-volatility, low-power, and good-scalability. Simulation results also show that the proposed memory array has superior performances compared to other memristor-based arrays proposed in the existing technical literature.
Design of parallel hardware neural network systems from custom analog VLSI 'building block' chips (1989)

Hardware to implement feedforward neural networks has been developed for the evaluation of learning algorithms and prototyping of applications. To allow the construction of networks with arbitrary architectures, CMOS VLSI building-block components (e.g. arrays of neurons and synapses) have been designed. These can be cascaded to form networks with hundreds of neurons per layer. A 64-channel multiplexer input neuron chip serves to buffer stored charges for injection into the first synaptic layer. A 32*32 synapse chip design uses multiplier circuits to generate a conductance from stored analog charges representing weights. A 32-channel variable-gain neuron chip applies an adjustable-gain sigmoidal activation function to the sum of currents from the previous synaptic layer. Learning is performed by a host computer that can download weights and inputs onto the feedforward hardware, and read resultant network outputs. Weights and input values are stored as charges on on-chip capacitors; these are serially and invisibly refreshed by off-chip circuits that convert values stored in digital memory into analog signals.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
SEMI-SUPERVISED REGRESSION USING CLUSTER ENSEMBLE AND LOW-RANK CO-ASSOCIATION MATRIX DECOMPOSITION UNDER UNCERTAINTIES (2019)

SEMI-SUPERVISED REGRESSION USING CLUSTER ENSEMBLE AND LOW-RANK CO-ASSOCIATION MATRIX DECOMPOSITION UNDER UNCERTAINTIES - 3rd International Conference on Uncertainty Quantification in Computational Sciences and Engineering - 24-26 June 2019, Crete, Greece
Design and analysis of network-on-chip (noc) architecture (2008)

As the number of integrated IP cores in the current System-on-Chips (SoCs) keeps increasing, communication requirements among cores can not be sufficiently satisfied using either traditional or multi-layer bus architectures, because of their poor scalability and bandwidth limitation on a single bus. While new interconnection techniques have been explored to overcome such a limitation, the notion of utilizing Network-on-Chip (NoC) technologies for the future generation of high performance and low power chips for myriads of applications, in particular for wireless communication and multimedia processing, has been of great importance. In order for the NoC technologies to succeed, realistic specifications such as throughput, latency, moderate design complexity, programming model, and design tools are necessary requirements. For this purpose, this dissertation covers some of the key and challenging design issues specific to the NoC architecture such as router design, network interface (NI) related issues, traffic models, and complete system-level modeling. In this dissertation, a multi-processor system platform adopting NoC techniques was proposed, called NePA (Networked Processor Array). As a component of system platform, the fundamental NoC techniques including the expandable packet formats, the associated router architectures and NI were defined and implemented adopting low power and clock efficient techniques. Using a high-level cycle-accurate simulation, various parameters relevant to their performance and systematic modeling were extracted and analyzed. In order to characterize the traffic patterns of real applications in the NoC environment and generate synthetic traffic patterns which resemble real network characteristics, a statistical traffic model with three-tupled spatio-temporal parameters was also developed. By combining various developed systematic models, the tool chain is constructed to pursue hardware/software design trade-offs necessary for better understanding of the NoC techniques. Finally, utilizing implementation of several applications on the homogeneous NePA, the feasibility and advantages of using NoC techniques were shown.
Associative polymers bearing <i>n</i>-alkyl hydrophobes: Rheological evidence for microgel-like behavior (1999)

Rheological techniques are used to probe the behavior of hydrophobic alkali-swellable emulsion (HASE) polymers, bearing n-alkyl hydrophobes, in aqueous alkaline media. The polymers possess a comb-like architecture with a polyelectrolyte backbone (ethyl acrylate-co-methacrylic acid) and hydrophobes (∼16 per polymer chain) tethered to the backbone via polyether side chains. The size of the hydrophobes is varied from n-C8 to n-C20 in this study. It is shown that, at such a level of hydrophobic modification, and at relatively high polymer concentrations, the microstructure in these polymer systems is akin to that existing in concentrated microgels. Thus, the original polymer latex particles swell extensively in alkaline media and disintegrate to form a system of close-packed, compressible (“soft”) aggregates. This is reflected in the rheological response of the system where we observe a high steady shear viscosity with no zero-shear plateau at low shear rates followed by considerable shear thinning and, a characteristic power-law behavior (G′, G″∼ω0.4) under oscillatory shear persisting over a broad range of time scales. Concentration-independent master curves are obtained for the storage modulus, G′, with the level of G′ increasing with hydrophobe size. The similarity in the dynamic response suggests that there exists a qualitative equivalence in microstructure over the range of systems, the only difference being the “softness” or compressibility of the particles. Data from this study are also contrasted with those for a similar HASE polymer bearing a smaller number of alkylaryl hydrophobes [J. Rheol. 41, 427–444 (1997)]. In the latter case, the rheology can be interpreted in terms of hydrophobic associations and chain entanglements occurring in solution. Thus, subtle variations in molecular architecture are shown to cause significant differences in morphology and microstructure for these polymer systems.
Methods and Algorithms of Automated CAD Repair for Incremental Surface Meshing. (1999)

This paper addresses the problem of CAD geometric model pre-processing, known as CAD repair. Three main components of the CAD model repair: global geometric continuity of the boundary, topological validity and model preparation are discussed. General definition and classification of CAD errors for geometric models, using the Boundary REPresentation (BREP) are given. Methods, invariant from the specific software implementation and algorithms of the CAD repair for Finite Element type downstream applications are discussed. The results of methods realization in the prototype CAD repair module are provided. Keywords: CAD/CAE, Finite element simulation, Unstructured meshing, CAD repair, Boundary representation, Topological errors, Geometric errors. 1. INTRODUCTION Industrial demands for new design properties and qualities of modern complex technical systems go in parallel with the requirements for the shortening of design cycle and product&amp;apos;s time-to-market parameter. On the other hand, th...
Molecular Analysis of Vector Genome Structures After Liver Transduction by Conventional and Self-Complementary Adeno-Associated Viral Serotype Vectors in Murine and Nonhuman Primate Models (2010)

Vectors based on several new adeno-associated viral (AAV) serotypes demonstrated strong hepatocyte tropism and transduction efficiency in both small- and large-animal models for liver-directed gene transfer. Efficiency of liver transduction by AAV vectors can be further improved in both murine and nonhuman primate (NHP) animals when the vector genomes are packaged in a self-complementary (sc) format. In an attempt to understand potential molecular mechanism(s) responsible for enhanced transduction efficiency of the sc vector in liver, we performed extensive molecular studies of genome structures of conventional single-stranded (ss) and sc AAV vectors from liver after AAV gene transfer in both mice and NHPs. These included treatment with exonucleases with specific substrate preferences, single-cutter restriction enzyme digestion and polarity-specific hybridization-based vector genome mapping, and bacteriophage phi29 DNA polymerase-mediated and double-stranded circular template-specific rescue of persisted circular genomes. In mouse liver, vector genomes of both genome formats seemed to persist primarily as episomal circular forms, but sc vectors converted into circular forms more rapidly and efficiently. However, the overall differences in vector genome abundance and structure in the liver between ss and sc vectors could not account for the remarkable differences in transduction. Molecular structures of persistent genomes of both ss and sc vectors were significantly more heterogeneous in macaque liver, with noticeable structural rearrangements that warrant further characterizations.