gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
快速生成三维视频数字全息图的计算方法 (2009)

Several approaches for fast generation of digital holograms of a three-dimensional (3D) object have been discussed. Among them, the novel look-up table (N-LUT) method is analyzed to dramatically reduce the number of pre-calculated fringe patterns required for computation of digital holograms of a 3D object by employing a new concept of principal fringe patterns, so that problems of computational complexity and huge memory size of the conventional ray-tracing and look-up table methods have been considerably alleviated. Meanwhile, as the 3D video images have a lot of temporally or spatially redundant data in their inter-and intra-frames, computation time of the 3D video holograms could be also reduced just by removing these redundant data. Thus, a couple of computational methods for generation of 3D video holograms by combined use of the N-LUT method and data compression algorithms are also presented and discussed. Some experimental results finally reveal that by using this approach a great reduction of computation time of 3D video holograms could be achieved.
The relationship between viability and intracellular pH in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1995)

The relationship between viability (cell proliferation activity) and intracellular pH in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was investigated by using cells that had been deactivated by low-temperature storage, ethanol treatment, or heat treatment. The intracellular pH was measured with a microscopic image processor or a spectrofluorophotometer. At first, the intracellular pH measurements of individual cells were compared with slide culture results by microscopic image processing. A clear correlation existed between the proliferation activity and intracellular pH. Moreover, by spectrofluorophotometry analysis, it was found that there was a relationship between the viability and intracellular pH of brewing yeast under conditions of low external pH (n = 15, r = 0.960, P = 0.001). This relationship was also observed in baker's yeast (n = 13, r = 0.950, P = 0.001). On the other hand, when the fluorescein staining method was used in these experiments, the relationship between viability and staining percentage was not observed. From these results, intracellular pH was found to be a sensitive factor for estimating yeast physiology. The possible role of cell deterioration is also discussed.
Analysis and Design of Fully Integrated Planar Magnetics for Primary–Parallel Isolated Boost Converter (2012)

A highly efficient planar integrated magnetic (PIM) design approach for primary–parallel isolated boost converters is presented. All magnetic components in the converter, including two input inductors and two transformers with primary–parallel and secondary–series windings, are integrated into an E–I–E-core geometry, reducing the total ferrite volume and core loss. The transformer windings are symmetrically distributed into the outer legs of E-cores, and the inductor windings are wound on the center legs of E-cores with air gaps. Therefore, the inductor and the transformer can be operated independently. Due to the low-reluctance path provided by the shared I-core, the two input inductors can be integrated independently, and also, the two transformers can be partially coupled to each other. Detailed characteristics of the integrated structure have been studied in this paper. AC losses in the windings and the leakage inductance of the transformer are kept low by interleaving the primary and secondary turns of the transformers substantially. Because of the combination of inductors and transformers, the maximum output power capability of the fully integrated module needs to be investigated. Winding loss, core loss, and switching loss of MOSFETs are analyzed in-depth in this work as well. To verify the validity of the design approach, a 2-kW prototype converter with two primary power stages is implemented for fuel-cell-fed traction applications with 20–50-V input and 400-V output. An efficiency of 95.9% can be achieved during 1.5-kW nominal operating conditions. Experimental comparisons between the PIM module and three separated cases have illustrated that the PIM module has advantages of lower footprint and higher efficiencies.
Pulmonary Hypertension in the Perinatal Aspiration Syndromes (1977)

Ten patients clinically diagnosed as having perinatal aspiration syndromes were found to have pulmonary hypertension. These infants were either term or postmature babies and had the following characteristics: (1) systemic or suprasystemic levels of pulmonary artery pressure (range, 50 to 117 mm Hg); (2) a degree of pulmonary hypertension not related to the degree of aspiration evident on chest roentgenograms; (3) evidence of right-to-left shunting at the ductal or foramen ovale level; and (4) sustained severe hypoxemia despite 100% inspired oxygen concentration. The overall mortality for the group was 50%. Since these patients had marked clinical and physiologic similarities to patients previously reported as having the persistent fetal circulation syndrome (PFC), they were classified as having "PFC with aspiration." The existence of pulmonary hypertension should be suspected despite roentgenographic evidence of aspiration in any patient who also manifests the clinical characteristics of PFC because its treatment may alter the prognosis of such patients.
Heat shock protein–based therapeutic strategies against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection (1999)

Heat shock proteins (hsps) and cyclophilins (CypA) are intracellular chaperone molecules that facilitate protein folding and assembly. These proteins are selectively expressed in cells following exposure to a range of stress stimuli, including viral infection. Hsp species are highly immunogenic, eliciting humoral, cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL), and natural killer (NK) cell responses against viruses, tumours, and infectious diseases. This review discusses the roles of stress proteins in immunity and viral life cycles, vis-à-vis the development of Hsp-based therapeutic strategies against human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) infection. Cumulative findings are cited implicating the requirement of CypA in HIV-1 replication and formation of infectious virions. Studies by our group show the upregulated expression of hsp27 and hsp70 during single-cycle HIV infections. These species redistribute to the cell surface following HIV-infection and heat stress, serving as targets for NK and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Co-immunoprecipitation and Western blot studies show that hsp27, hsp70, and hsp78 complex with HIV-1 viral proteins intracellularly. Hsp70, hsp56, and CypA are assembled into HIV-1 virions. The ability of hsps to interact with HIV-1 viral proteins, combined with their inherent adjuvant and immunogenic properties, indicates that hsps may serve as vehicles for antigen delivery and the design of vaccines against acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Infect. Dis. Obstet. Gynecol. 7:80–90, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Elution, Partial Separation, and Identification of Lipids Directly from Tissue Slices on Planar Chromatography Media by Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (2010)

A method for the examination of intact tissue sections for gangliosides and other lipids using desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) mass spectrometry (MS) is presented. In the present work, thin tissue slices (16 μm) taken from the rat brain are thaw mounted onto planar chromatographic media and the lipids are eluted, partially separated, and analyzed directly from the plate by DESI-MS in the negative ion mode. With the lanes scanned parallel to the direction of the chromatographic separation in the full scan mode, the selected ion current associated with ions of separated lipid molecules is plotted in order of increasing Rf values. Distinctly different classes of lipids are detected using this method, including several ganglioside species (i.e., GQ1, GT1, GD1, and GM1) and sulfoglycosphingolipids. For the examination of gangliosides in the full scan negative ion mode from high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) plates, the limit of detection (LOD) was determined to be approximately 3 pmol. Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) using the linear ion trap was used to confirm the presence of selected gangliosides and other lipids directly from the HPTLC plate. DESI-MS/MS revealed the presence of both the GD1a and GD1b isomers. The simplicity of this approach where planar separations are relied upon for sample preparation and presentation to the MS should allow for the examination of a variety of complex samples including the rapid examination of foodstuffs, bacteria, whole blood, and needle biopsies for cancer diagnostics.
Dengue Virus NS1 Disrupts the Endothelial Glycocalyx, Leading to Hyperpermeability (2016)

Dengue is the most prevalent arboviral disease in humans and a major public health problem worldwide. Systemic plasma leakage, leading to hypovolemic shock and potentially fatal complications, is a critical determinant of dengue severity. Recently, we and others described a novel pathogenic effect of secreted dengue virus (DENV) non-structural protein 1 (NS1) in triggering hyperpermeability of human endothelial cells in vitro and systemic vascular leakage in vivo. NS1 was shown to activate toll-like receptor 4 signaling in primary human myeloid cells, leading to secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and vascular leakage. However, distinct endothelial cell-intrinsic mechanisms of NS1-induced hyperpermeability remained to be defined. The endothelial glycocalyx layer (EGL) is a network of membrane-bound proteoglycans and glycoproteins lining the vascular endothelium that plays a key role in regulating endothelial barrier function. Here, we demonstrate that DENV NS1 disrupts the EGL on human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells, inducing degradation of sialic acid and shedding of heparan sulfate proteoglycans. This effect is mediated by NS1-induced expression of sialidases and heparanase, respectively. NS1 also activates cathepsin L, a lysosomal cysteine proteinase, in endothelial cells, which activates heparanase via enzymatic cleavage. Specific inhibitors of sialidases, heparanase, and cathepsin L prevent DENV NS1-induced EGL disruption and endothelial hyperpermeability. All of these effects are specific to NS1 from DENV1-4 and are not induced by NS1 from West Nile virus, a related flavivirus. Together, our data suggest an important role for EGL disruption in DENV NS1-mediated endothelial dysfunction during severe dengue disease.
Using Perceptual Illusions for Redirected Walking (2013)

Redirected walking (RDW) gives users the ability to explore a virtual world by walking in a confined physical space. It inconspicuously guides them on a physical path that might differ from the path they perceive in the virtual world. Exploiting three motion illusions-the change-blindness illusion, the four-stroke motion illusion, and the motion-without-movement illusion-can increase RDW's effectiveness.
Natural Competence for Genetic Transformation in Campylobacter pylori (1990)

solution as diluent in the identification system (API 20B) [5]. Patient 1 provides addition insight into why polyvibrio infections are not more often reported: V. vulnijicus was isolated only after multiple cultures and then only from deep wound material. Since the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Vibrio species can be similar, the presence of this highly invasive organism could go undetected. However, the importance of accurate detection of all Vibrio species, especially V. vulnijicus, is illustrated by the high morbidityand mortality associated with infection, especially in individuals with chronic underlying diseases [I, 10].
Detection of HER2 amplification in circulating free DNA in patients with breast cancer (2011)

The results demonstrate for the first time the existence of amplified HER2 in cfDNA in the follow-up of breast cancer patients who are otherwise disease free. This approach could potentially provide a marker in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer.
Surface Modified Ruthenium Nanoparticles:  Structural Investigation and Surface Analysis of a Novel Catalyst for Oxygen Reduction (2006)

Ruthenium catalysts modified by selenium are of interest as a methanol insensitive oxygen reduction catalyst in a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell for mobile application. To elucidate the structural and chemical features of unsupported and carbon supported ruthenium nanoparticles prepared by thermolysis of Ru3(CO)12 in an organic solvent with and without the presence of dissolved selenium, different bulk and surface sensitive methods such as transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, thermogravimetry coupled with mass spectrometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and extended X-ray absorption fine structure analysis were performed. It was found that the as-grown catalytic particles prepared without Se and handled under ambient conditions are distinguished by a ruthenium core of 4 nm size, the surface of which is covered by an amorphous ruthenium oxide/hydroxide and metal organic residues from the process of synthesis. In the presence of Se, Ru−Se and Se−O bondings have additionally been found at the surface. After heat treatment at 900 °C under vacuum, organic residues and ruthenium oxides could be removed. The particles have grown to a size of about 10 nm, the surfaces of which are covered by Ru−Se and Ru−SeO3 units. The as-grown and heat-treated catalysts were characterized electrochemically by cyclovoltammetry, rotating disk electrode with and without methanol in the electrolyte, and rotating ring disk electrode measurements to quantify H2O2 production. As expected from structural analysis, best results have been obtained with heat-treated, Se-modified ruthenium catalysts. It is proposed that in the heat-treated samples an interaction between Se2-, [Se2]2-, and SeO32- decorating the surface of the ruthenium particles is responsible for the improved oxygen reduction process.
Construction and characterization of a fully active PXR/SRC-1 tethered protein with increased stability (2008)

The nuclear xenobiotic receptor PXR is a ligand-inducible transcription factor regulating drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters and a master switch mediating potentially adverse drug-drug interactions. In addition to binding a coactivator protein such as SRC-1, the C-terminal ligand-binding domain (LBD) is solely responsible for ligand recognition and thus the ligand-dependent downstream effects. In an effort to facilitate structural studies of PXR to understand and abolish the interactions between PXR and its ligands, several recombinant PXR/SRC-1 constructs were designed and evaluated for expression, stability and activity. Expression strategies employing either dual expression or translationally coupled bicistronic expression were found to be unsuitable for producing stable PXR in a stochiometric complex with a peptide derived from SRC-1 (SRC-1p). A single polypeptide chain encompassing PXR and SRC-1p tethered with a peptidyl linker was designed to promote intramolecular complex formation. This tethered protein was overexpressed as a soluble protein and required no additional SRC-1p for further stabilization. X-ray crystal structures in the presence and absence of the known PXR agonist SR-12813 were determined to high resolution. In addition, a circular dichroism-based binding assay was developed to allow rapid evaluation of PXR ligand affinity, making this tethered protein a convenient and effective reagent for the rational attenuation of drug-induced PXR-mediated metabolism.
INHIBITION OF TOLL‐LIKE RECEPTOR‐4, NUCLEAR FACTOR‐κB AND MITOGEN‐ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE BY LIGNOCAINE MAY INVOLVE VOLTAGE‐SENSITIVE SODIUM CHANNELS (2008)

We have shown previously that lignocaine inhibits the upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), a crucial factor that initiates the systemic inflammatory response during sepsis, possibly through voltage-sensitive sodium channels (VSSC). Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4), nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB and mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) participate in the upstream regulation of iNOS expression induced by endotoxin. In the present study, we investigated the effects of lignocaine in the regulation of the expression of these enzymes. The role of VSSC in the effects of lignocaine was also investigated. Confluent murine macrophages (RAW264.7 cells) were randomized to receive lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 100 ng/mL), LPS + lignocaine (50 micromol/L), LPS + tetrodotoxin (TTX; 1 micromol/L; a VSSC inhibitor), LPS + lignocaine + veratridine (Ver; 50 micromol/L; a VSSC activator) or LPS + TTX + Ver. After reacting with LPS for 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 min, cell cultures were harvested and enzyme expression was evaluated. We found that LPS significantly increased the concentrations of TLR-4, NF-kappaB and MAPKs, including extracellular regulated kinase (ERK), c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 MAPK, in activated macrophages. Lignocaine and TTX significantly attenuated the effects of LPS on TLR-4, NF-kappaB, ERK and p38 MAPK expression, but not on JNK. Veratridine mitigated the effects of lignocaine and TTX. These data demonstrate that lignocaine has significant inhibitory effects on the activation of TLR-4, NF-kappaB and MAPKs in activated macrophages. Moreover, these effects involve VSSC.
Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity Specific for the Envelope Antigens of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (1988)

Journal Article Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity Specific for the Envelope Antigens of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Get access David H. Shepp, David H. Shepp Division of Virology, Office of Biologics Research and Review, Center for Drugs and Biologics, Food and Drug Administration; and the Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland Please address requests for reprints to Dr. David H. Shepp at his present address: Division of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, North Shore University Hospital, 300 Community Drive, Manhasset, New York 11030. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Sekhar Chakrabarti, Sekhar Chakrabarti Division of Virology, Office of Biologics Research and Review, Center for Drugs and Biologics, Food and Drug Administration; and the Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Bernard Moss, Bernard Moss Division of Virology, Office of Biologics Research and Review, Center for Drugs and Biologics, Food and Drug Administration; and the Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Gerald V. Quinnan, Jr. Gerald V. Quinnan, Jr. Division of Virology, Office of Biologics Research and Review, Center for Drugs and Biologics, Food and Drug Administration; and the Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 157, Issue 6, June 1988, Pages 1260–1264, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/157.6.1260 Published: 01 June 1988 Article history Received: 08 September 1987 Revision received: 14 December 1987 Published: 01 June 1988
HDAC4 Reduction: A Novel Therapeutic Strategy to Target Cytoplasmic Huntingtin and Ameliorate Neurodegeneration (2013)

Histone deacetylase (HDAC) 4 is a transcriptional repressor that contains a glutamine-rich domain. We hypothesised that it may be involved in the molecular pathogenesis of Huntington's disease (HD), a protein-folding neurodegenerative disorder caused by an aggregation-prone polyglutamine expansion in the huntingtin protein. We found that HDAC4 associates with huntingtin in a polyglutamine-length-dependent manner and co-localises with cytoplasmic inclusions. We show that HDAC4 reduction delayed cytoplasmic aggregate formation, restored Bdnf transcript levels, and rescued neuronal and cortico-striatal synaptic function in HD mouse models. This was accompanied by an improvement in motor coordination, neurological phenotypes, and increased lifespan. Surprisingly, HDAC4 reduction had no effect on global transcriptional dysfunction and did not modulate nuclear huntingtin aggregation. Our results define a crucial role for the cytoplasmic aggregation process in the molecular pathology of HD. HDAC4 reduction presents a novel strategy for targeting huntingtin aggregation, which may be amenable to small-molecule therapeutics.
Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Epitope Immunodominance in the Control of Choroid Plexus Tumors in Simian Virus 40 Large T Antigen Transgenic Mice (1999)

The simian virus 40 (SV40) large tumor antigen (Tag) is a virus-encoded oncoprotein which is the target of a strong cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response. Three immunodominant H-2(b)-restricted epitopes, designated epitopes I, II/III, and IV, have been defined. We investigated whether induction of CTLs directed against these Tag epitopes might control Tag-induced tumors in SV11(+) (H-2(b)) mice. SV11(+) mice develop spontaneous tumors of the choroid plexus due to expression of SV40 Tag as a transgene. We demonstrate that SV11(+) mice are functionally tolerant to the immunodominant Tag CTL epitopes. CTLs specific for the H-2Kb-restricted Tag epitope IV were induced in SV11(+) mice following adoptive transfer with unprimed C57BL/6 spleen cells and immunization with recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing either full-length Tag or the H-2Kb-restricted epitope IV as a minigene. In addition, irradiation of SV11(+) mice prior to adoptive transfer with unprimed C57BL/6 spleen cells led to the priming of epitope IV-specific CTLs by the endogenous Tag. Induction of epitope IV-specific CTLs in SV11(+) mice by either approach correlated with increased life span and control of the choroid plexus tumor progression, indicating that CTLs specific for the immunodominant Tag epitope IV control the progressive growth of spontaneous tumors induced by this DNA virus oncogene in transgenic mice.
Mechanism of etching and surface relief development of PMMA under low-energy ion bombardment (2004)

The structure of the subsurface layer of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) formed by bombardment with low-energy ions of Ar is reported. It was found that the subsurface region contains a graphitized, cross-linked, and low-molecular weight layers. We argue that ion etching of PMMA is mostly determined by the properties of the top graphitized layer and the processes leading to the formation of this layer. Also, it was found that ion etching causes various defects and typical features to appear on the surface of PMMA: bubbles, waves, and a net with a cell of nanometer size. The stratification of PMMA was demonstrated to play an important role for the development of the surface topology.