gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Speech-based annotation and retrieval of digital photographs (2007)

In this paper we describe the development of a speech-based annotation and retrieval system for digital photographs. The system uses a client/server architecture which allows photographs to be captured and annotated on light-weight clients, such as mobile camera phones, and then processed, indexed and stored on networked servers. For speech-based retrieval we have developed a mixed grammar recognition approach which allows the speech recognition system to construct a single finite-state network combining context-free grammars, for recognizing and parsing query carrier phrases and metadata phrases, with an unconstrained statistical n-gram model for recognizing free-form search terms. Experiments demonstrating successful retrieval of photographs using purely speech-based annotation and retrieval are presented. Index Terms: photo annotation, audio indexing, audio retrieval
Convenient Synthesis of 2-Arylbenzimidazoles and 2,2′-Diaryl-<b><i>bis</i></b>benzimidazoles (2003)

Abstract 2-Aryl-benzimidazoles and 2,2′-diaryl-5,5′-bisbenzimidazoles were synthesized conveniently by treating of trifluoromethyl aryl ketones with ortho-diamines in polar solvents with good to excellent yields. The reaction condition is mild and tolerant to most function groups.
Characterization of an HIV-1 Isolate Displaying an Apparent Absence of Virion-Associated Reverse Transcriptase Activity (1991)

In characterizing a group of independent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) isolates, we noted that certain isolates had anomolously low levels of virion-associated reverse transcriptase activity. In an attempt to understand the basis of this phenomenon, we examined in detail one such isolate, HIV-1G. We found correctly processed forms of the viral reverse transcriptase in virions as well as processed forms of other viral proteins, suggesting that viral proteins are both expressed and properly processed. We have detected a nuclease activity associated with the outer face of the HIV-1G envelope. This nuclease degrades the DNA product generated during the reverse transcription assay. The nuclease activity is more sensitive to mild protein denaturation than is the viral reverse transcriptase, and it is stimulated by the presence of Ca2+. The amount of virion-associated nuclease activity relative to reverse transcriptase activity varies between virus isolates and can vary also for one isolate during virus spread through a culture. The origin of the nuclease activity is unknown but is presumed to be cellular. The variability in amount of nuclease activity may reflect variability in the interaction of the virus with different cellular components during maturation.
Amino Acid Propensities for the Collagen Triple-Helix (2000)

Determination of the tendencies of amino acids to form alpha-helical and beta-sheet structures has been important in clarifying stabilizing interactions, protein design, and the protein folding problem. In this study, we have determined for the first time a complete scale of amino acid propensities for another important protein motif: the collagen triple-helix conformation with its Gly-X-Y repeating sequence. Guest triplets of the form Gly-X-Hyp and Gly-Pro-Y are used to quantitate the conformational propensities of all 20 amino acids for the X and Y positions in the context of a (Gly-Pro-Hyp)(8) host peptide. The rankings for both the X and Y positions show the highly stabilizing nature of imino acids and the destabilizing effects of Gly and aromatic residues. Many residues show differing propensities in the X versus Y position, related to the nonequivalence of these positions in terms of interchain interactions and solvent exposure. The propensity of amino acids to adopt a polyproline II-like conformation plays a role in their triple-helix rankings, as shown by a moderate correlation of triple-helix propensity with frequency of occurrence in polyproline II-like regions. The high propensity of ionizable residues in the X position suggests the importance of interchain hydrogen bonding directly or through water to backbone carbonyls or hydroxyprolines. The low propensity of side chains with branching at the C(delta) in the Y position supports models suggesting these groups block solvent access to backbone C=O groups. These data provide a first step in defining sequence-dependent variations in local triple-helix stability and binding, and are important for a general understanding of side chain interactions in all proteins.
2-Chloro-4(R),5(R)-dimethyl-2-oxo-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane, a new chiral derivatizing agent (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT2-Chloro-4(R),5(R)-dimethyl-2-oxo-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane, a new chiral derivatizing agentRobert C. Anderson and Michael J. ShapiroCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 7, 1304–1305Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00181a042https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00181a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views367Altmetric-Citations65LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Incentivizing time-shifting of data: a survey of time-dependent pricing for internet access (2012)

The tremendous growth in demand for broadband data is forcing ISPs to use pricing as a congestion management tool. This changing landscape of Internet access pricing is evidenced by the elimination of flat rate data plans in favor of usage-based pricing by major wired and wireless operators in the US and Europe. But simple usage-based fees suffer from the problem of imposing costs on all users, irrespective of the network congestion level at a given time. To effectively reduce network congestion, appropriate incentives must be provided to users who are willing to time-shift their data demand from peak to off-peak periods. These pricing incentives can either be static (e.g., two-period daytime/nighttime prices) or computed dynamically (e.g., dayahead pricing, real-time pricing). Data plans that offer such incentives to consumers fall under the category of time-dependent pricing (TDP). Many ISPs across the world are currently exploring various forms of TDP to manage their traffic growth. This article first outlines the sources of today¿s challenges, and then discusses current trends from regulatory and technological perspectives. Finally, we review representative pricing proposals for incentivizing the time-shifting of data.
Maximal subthalamic beta hypersynchrony of the local field potential in Parkinson's disease is located in the central region of the nucleus (2011)

A pathological marker of Parkinson's disease is the existence of abnormal synchrony of neuronal activity within the beta frequency range (13-35 Hz) in the subthalamic nucleus (STN). Recent studies examining the topography of this rhythm have located beta hypersynchrony in the most dorsal part of the STN. In contrast, this study of the topography of the local field potential beta oscillations in 18 STNs with a 1 mm spatial resolution revealed that the point of maximal beta hypersynchrony was located at 53 ± 24% of the trajectory span from the dorsal to the ventral borders of the STN (corresponding to a 3.0 ± 1.6 mm depth for a 5.9 ± 0.75 mm STN span). This suggests that maximal beta hypersynchrony is located in the central region of the nucleus and that further investigation should be done before using STN spectral profiles as an indicator for guiding placement of deep brain stimulation leads.
Shading extraction and correction for scanned book images (2008)

When one scans document pages from a bound book, shading artifacts are commonly occurred in the book spine area. In this letter, we propose a general-purpose method for image shading correction based on an assumption that the reflectance function of the page surface is piecewise constant and the illumination function is smooth. The proposed method is able to completely correct more general types of shading artifacts which are nonuniformly distributed along the book spine. Comparison experiments on a synthetic and a variety of real scanned book images demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Amphipathic lipid-bound protein antigens in mouse bladder carcinomas detected by a monoclonal antibody (1984)

We have found organic solvent soluble proteins that contain tightly bound fatty acids. They were demonstrated in mouse bladder carcinomas by a monoclonal rat antibody, 33E7C. The antigens recognized by antibody 33E7C copurified with lipids when extracted from bladder carcinomas with a mixture of chloroform-methanol. The antigens remained in the chloroform phase after solvent partition with water. Chromatographic analysis using an alpha-hydroxy-propylated Sephadex G-50 (LH60) column led to the isolation of a group of proteins binding to antibody 33E7C. Four proteins (10K, 18K, 25K, and 40K daltons) were found on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) after radioimmunoprecipitation with antibody 33E7C. After preparative SDS-PAGE, the purified antigens were soluble in both water and a mixture of chloroform-methanol (2:1) but were freed from phospholipids and glycolipids. The antigens have been characterized by the presence of tightly bound fatty acids with the following findings: (1) They were metabolically colabeled by incubating bladder carcinoma cells with [9,10-3H]palmitic acid and [14C]leucine, followed by radioimmunoprecipitation assay and by SDS-PAGE. (2) After hydrolysis of proteins in NaOH-methanol, [3H]palmitic acid methyl ester was separated from the 40K and 18K proteins by thin-layer chromatography.
Trusted computing challenges (2007)

Trusted computing, which most people take to be synonymous with TCG related technologies, has been commercially available since 1999 (back then it was called TCPA). Still, even after 8 years, its adoption has been slow and the TCG features are underutilized. The question is why? Initially the TCG technology had to overcome a lot of misconceptions and privacy concerns, but leaving these aside, the TCG-technology has also many technical challenges that have yet to be resolved. For example, attestation is a very powerful concept but is fraught with problem
Structure, Function, and Aggregation of the Zinc-Free Form of the p53 DNA Binding Domain (2003)

The p53 DNA binding domain (DBD) contains a single bound zinc ion that is essential for activity. Zinc remains bound to wild-type DBD at temperatures below 30 degrees C; however, it rapidly dissociates at physiological temperature. The resulting zinc-free protein (apoDBD) is folded and stable. NMR spectra reveal that the DNA binding surface is altered in the absence of Zn(2+). Fluorescence anisotropy studies show that Zn(2+) removal abolishes site-specific DNA binding activity, although full nonspecific DNA binding affinity is retained. Surprisingly, the majority of tumorigenic mutations that destabilize DBD do not appreciably destabilize apoDBD. The R175H mutation instead substantially accelerates the rate of Zn(2+) loss. A considerable fraction of cellular p53 may therefore exist in the folded zinc-free form, especially when tumorigenic mutations are present. ApoDBD appears to promote aggregation of zinc-bound DBD via a nucleation-growth process. These data provide an explanation for the dominant negative phenotype exhibited by many mutations. Through a combination of induced p53 aggregation and diminished site-specific DNA binding activity, Zn(2+) loss may represent a significant inactivation pathway for p53 in the cell.
Oocyte-specific expression of mouse Zp-2: developmental regulation of the zona pellucida genes. (1990)

The zona pellucida surrounds all mammalian oocytes and plays a vital role at fertilization and in early development. The genes that code for two of the mouse zona proteins (ZP2 and ZP3) represent a developmentally regulated set of genes whose expression serves as markers of mouse oocyte growth and differentiation. We previously characterized the single-copy Zp-3 gene and showed that its expression is oocyte specific and restricted to a narrow window of oocyte development. We now define the Zp-2 gene transcript and show that it is coordinately expressed with Zp-3 only during the 2-week growth phase of oogenesis that occurs prior to ovulation. Like Zp-3, the expression of Zp-2 is restricted to oocytes, and, although not detectable in resting oocytes, both ZP2 and ZP3 transcripts accumulate to become very abundant messengers in 50-microns-diameter oocytes. Ovulated eggs contain ZP2 and ZP3 transcripts which are 200 nucleotides shorter than those found in growing oocytes and have an abundance of less than 5% of the peak levels. In an attempt to understand the molecular details associated with the developmentally regulated, tissue-specific gene expression of the zona genes, the Zp-2 genetic locus has been characterized and its 5' flanking sequences have been compared with those of Zp-3. Both genes contain three short (8- to 12-base-pair) DNA sequences of 80 to 88% identity located within 250 base pairs of their transcription start sites.
Topical Metronidazole Treatment in Pouchitis (1994)

Patients with pouchitis usually respond to oral metronidazole treatment, but side effects of the treatment are common. Eleven patients with pouchitis were given local treatment by instillation of metronidazole in doses of 40-160 mg daily into the reservoir. The effects of the treatment on the bacterial flora and short-chain fatty acids in reservoir contents, morphology of the ileal mucosa, and serum concentrations of metronidazole were studied. All patients responded to local administration of metronidazole. Three patients with chronic pouchitis remained well for 6 months, 3 years, and 4 years, taking 40 mg metronidazole daily. Three patients had one single treatment course, and four had repeated courses when they had recurrences. In one patient a continent reservoir had to be removed owing to a persistent ulcer causing chronic blood loss. The bacterial flora of reservoir contents showed no significant differences between patients with and without pouchitis. The number of anaerobic microorganisms and the concentration of short-chain fatty acids were reduced after metronidazole treatment. Serum concentrations of metronidazole were very low, and no patients experienced any side effects of the treatment. In conclusion, topical application of small doses of metronidazole relieved symptoms in most cases of pouchitis and was well tolerated, even as long-term treatment.
A novel MAC protocol with fast collision resolution for wireless LANs (2004)

Design of efficient medium access control (MAC) protocols with both high throughput performance and high-degree of fairness performance is a major focus in distributed contention-based MAC protocol research. In this paper, we propose a novel and efficient contention-based MAC protocol for wireless local area networks, namely, the fast collision resolution (FCR) algorithm. This algorithm is developed based on the following innovative ideas: to speed up the collision resolution, we actively redistribute the backoff timers for all active nodes; to reduce the average number of idle slots, we use smaller contention window sizes for nodes with successful packet transmissions and reduce the backoff timers exponentially fast when a fixed number of consecutive idle slots are detected. We show that the proposed FCR algorithm provides high throughput performance and low latency in wireless LANs. The extensive simulation studies show that the FCR algorithm could significantly improve the performance of the IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol if our efficient collision resolution algorithm is used and that the fairly scheduled FCR (FS-FCR) algorithm could simultaneously achieve high throughput performance and a high degree of fairness.
Ca[LiAl<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>]:Eu<sup>2+</sup>—A Narrow-Band Red-Emitting Nitridolithoaluminate (2014)

Ca[LiAl3N4]:Eu2+ is an intriguing new narrow-band red-emitting phosphor material with potential for application in high-power phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes (pc-LEDs). With excitation by blue InGaN-based LEDs, the compound exhibits an emission maximum at 668 nm with a full width at half maximum of only 1333 cm–1 (∼60 nm). Ca[LiAl3N4]:Eu2+ was synthesized from Ca, LiAlH4, LiN3, AlF3, and EuF3 in weld-shut Ta ampules, and the structure was solved and refined on the basis of single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. After isotypical crystallization with Na[Li3SiO4], the compound forms a highly condensed framework of AlN4 and LiN4 tetrahedra [I41/a (no. 88), Z = 16, a = 11.1600(16) Å, and c = 12.865(3) Å] and can thus by classified as a nitridolithoaluminate. Both types of polyhedra are connected to each other by common edges and corners, yielding a high degree of condensation, κ = 1. The Ca site is positioned in the center of vierer ring channels along [001] and coordinated in a cuboidal manner by eight N atoms. To validate the presence of Li, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigations employing electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) were carried out. Furthermore, to confirm the electrostatic bonding interactions and the chemical composition, lattice energy calculations [Madelung part of lattice energy (MAPLE)] have been performed.
Reservoir-condition pore-scale imaging of dolomite reaction with supercritical CO 2 acidified brine: Effect of pore-structure on reaction rate using velocity distribution analysis (2017)

To investigate the impact of rock heterogeneity and flowrate on reaction rates and dissolution dynamics, four millimetre-scale Silurian dolomite samples were pre-screened based on their physical heterogeneity, defined by the simulated velocity distributions characterising each flow field. Two pairs of cores with similar heterogeneity were flooded with supercritical carbon-dioxide (scCO 2 ) saturated brine under reservoir conditions, 50 °C and 10 MPa, at a high (0.5 ml/min) and low (0.1 ml/min) flowrate. Changes to the pore structure brought about by dissolution were captured in situ using X-ray microtomography (micro-CT) imaging. Mass balance from effluent analysis sh owed a good agreement with calculations from imaging. Image calculated reaction rates (r eff ) were 5-38 times lower than the corresponding batch reaction rate under the same conditions of temperature and pressure but without mass transfer limitations. For both high (Péclet number = 2600-1200) and low (Péclet number = 420-300) flow rates, an impact of the initial rock heterogeneity was observed on both reaction rates and permeability-porosity relationships.
Influenza virus-specific RNA and protein syntheses in cells infected with temperature-sensitive mutants defective in the genome segment encoding nonstructural proteins (1980)

Virus-specific protein and RNA syntheses have been analyzed in chicken embryo fibroblast cells infected with two group IV temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of influenza A (fowl plague) virus in which the ts lesion maps in RNA segment 8 (J. W. Almond, D. McGeoch, and R. D. Barry, Virology 92:416-427, 1979), known to code to code for two nonstructural proteins, NS1 and NS2. Both mutants induced the synthesis of similar amounts of all the early virus-specific proteins (P1, P2, P3, NP, and NS1) at temperatures that were either permissive (34 degrees C) or nonpermissive (40.5 degrees C) for replication. However, the synthesis of M protein, which normally accumulates late in infection, was greatly reduced in ts mutant-infected cells at 40.5 degrees C compared to 34 degrees C. The NS2 protein was not detected at either temperature in cells infected with one mutant (mN3), and was detected only at the permissive temperature in cells infected with mutant ts47. There was no overall reduction in polyadenylated (A+) complementary RNA, which functions as mRNA, in cells infected with these mutants at 40.5 degrees C compared to 34 degrees C, nor was there any evidence of selective accumulation of this type of RNA within the nucleus at the nonpermissive temperature. No significant differences in ts mutant virion RNA transcriptase activity were detected by assays in vitro at 31 and 40.5 degrees C compared to wild-type virus. Virus-specific non-polyadenylated (A-) complementary RNA, which is believed to act as the template for new virion RNA production, accumulated normally in cells at both 34 and 40.5 degrees C, but at 40.5 degrees C accumulation of new virion RNA was reduced by greater than 90% when compared to accumulation at 34 degrees C.
Crystallization Kinetics as a Probe of the Dynamic Network in Lightly Sulfonated Syndiotactic Polystyrene Ionomers (1996)

The effect of alkali metal counterion type on the crystallization kinetics of sulfonated syndiotactic polystyrene with ion contents of 1.4 mol % was investigated. For crystallization temperatures less than 180 °C, the rate of crystallization was independent of counterion type. In contrast, for temperatures greater than 180 °C, the rate of crystallization increased with increasing counterion size. Since the glass transition and melting temperatures were found to be constant for all counterion types, the variations in crystallization behavior were attributed to differences in chain diffusion within the dynamic network of electrostatic cross-links. At low temperatures, the rate of ion-hopping is slow for all of the counterion forms relative to the rate of crystallization, and thus crystal growth occurred in the presence of kinetically stable cross-links. At high temperatures, chain diffusion is controlled by the ion-hopping process, and the kinetics of crystallization become influenced by the strengths of ionic interactions. Between 180 and 215 °C, the rate of crystallization was found to be inversely proportional to the ionic radii of the counterions. As the activation energy for ion-hopping increased with decreasing counterion size, longer periods of time were required to achieve the same degree of crystallinity.