gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bond Activation and Catalysis by Ruthenium Pincer Complexes (2014)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTBond Activation and Catalysis by Ruthenium Pincer ComplexesChidambaram Gunanathan*† and David Milstein*‡View Author Information† School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar 751005, India‡ Department of Organic Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel*E-mail: [email protected]*E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2014, 114, 24, 12024–12087Publication Date (Web):November 14, 2014Publication History Received25 May 2014Published online14 November 2014Published inissue 24 December 2014https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr5002782https://doi.org/10.1021/cr5002782review-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2014 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views21610Altmetric-Citations812LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Amines,Catalysts,Pincer complexes,Ruthenium Get e-Alerts
Learning Domain-Specific Feature Descriptors for Document Images (2012)

Many machine learning algorithms rely on feature descriptors to access information about image appearance. Using an appropriate descriptor is therefore crucial for the algorithm to succeed. Although domain- and task-specific feature descriptors may result in excellent performance, they currently have to be hand-crafted, a difficult and time-consuming process. In contrast, general-purpose descriptors (such as SIFT) are easy to apply and have proved successful for a variety of tasks, including classification, segmentation, and clustering. Unfortunately, most general-purpose feature descriptors are targeted at natural images and may perform poorly in document analysis tasks. In this paper, we propose a method for automatically learning feature descriptors tuned to a given image domain. The method works by first extracting the independent components of the images, and then building a descriptor by pooling these components over multiple overlapping regions. We test the proposed method on several document analysis tasks and several datasets, and show that it outperforms existing general-purpose feature descriptors.
<scp>l</scp>-Thyroxine vs. 3,5,3′-triiodo-<scp>l</scp>-thyronine and cell proliferation: activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (2009)

3,5,3'-Triiodo-l-thyronine (T(3)), but not l-thyroxine (T(4)), activated Src kinase and, downstream, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) by means of an alpha(v)beta(3) integrin receptor on human glioblastoma U-87 MG cells. Although both T(3) and T(4) stimulated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, activated ERK1/2 did not contribute to T(3)-induced Src kinase or PI3-kinase activation, and an inhibitor of PI3-kinase, LY-294002, did not block activation of ERK1/2 by physiological concentrations of T(3) and T(4). Thus the PI3-kinase, Src kinase, and ERK1/2 signaling cascades are parallel pathways in T(3)-treated U-87 MG cells. T(3) and T(4) both caused proliferation of U-87 MG cells; these effects were blocked by the ERK1/2 inhibitor PD-98059 but not by LY-294002. Small-interfering RNA knockdown of PI3-kinase confirmed that PI3-kinase was not involved in the proliferative action of T(3) on U-87 MG cells. PI3-kinase-dependent actions of T(3) in these cells included shuttling of nuclear thyroid hormone receptor-alpha (TRalpha) from cytoplasm to nucleus and accumulation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha mRNA; LY-294002 inhibited these actions. Results of studies involving alpha(v)beta(3) receptor antagonists tetraiodothyroacetic acid (tetrac) and Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide, together with mathematical modeling of the kinetics of displacement of radiolabeled T(3) from the integrin by unlabeled T(3) and by unlabeled T(4), are consistent with the presence of two iodothyronine receptor domains on the integrin. A model proposes that one site binds T(3) exclusively, activates PI3-kinase via Src kinase, and stimulates TRalpha trafficking and HIF-1alpha gene expression. Tetrac and RGD peptide both inhibit T(3) action at this site. The second site binds T(4) and T(3), and, via this receptor, the iodothyronines stimulate ERK1/2-dependent tumor cell proliferation. T(3) action here is inhibited by tetrac alone, but the effect of T(4) is blocked by both tetrac and the RGD peptide.
Experimental demonstration of coherent codingof picosecond pulses (1998)

To date, approaches to coherent optical coding have used fibre-based devices for the coding/decoding operation: placing practical limitations on the ultimate system throughput. Here, a photonic integrated lightwave circuit, based on the imbalanced interferometer in tandem with a modelocked laser diode, is used to demonstrate optical phase encoding/decoding of a 10 GHz pulse stream.
Exacerbation of Motor Neuron Disease by Chronic Stimulation of Innate Immunity in a Mouse Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (2004)

Innate immunity is a specific and organized immunological program engaged by peripheral organs and the CNS to maintain homeostasis after stress and injury. In neurodegenerative disorders, its putative deregulation, featured by inflammation and activation of glial cells resulting from inherited mutations or viral/bacterial infections, likely contributes to neuronal death. However, it remains unclear to what extent environmental factors and innate immunity cooperate to modulate the interactions between the neuronal and non-neuronal elements in the perturbed CNS. In the present study, we addressed the effects of acute and chronic administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a Gram-negative bacterial wall component, in a genetic model of neurodegeneration. Transgenic mice expressing a mutant form of the superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1 G37R ) linked to familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis were challenged intraperitoneally with a single nontoxic or repeated injections of LPS (1 mg/kg). At different ages, SOD1 G37R mice responded normally to acute endotoxemia. Remarkably, only a chronic challenge with LPS in presymptomatic 6-month-old SOD1 G37R mice exacerbated disease progression by 3 weeks and motor axon degeneration. Closely associated with the severity of disease is the stronger and restricted upregulation of the receptor of innate immunity Toll-like receptor 2 and proinflammatory cytokines in degenerating regions of the ventral spinal cord and efferent fiber tracts of the brain from the LPS-treated SOD1 G37R mice. This robust immune response was not accompanied by the establishment of acquired immunity. Our results provide solid evidence that environmental factors and innate immunity can cooperate to influence the course of disease of an inherited neuropathology.
Multimerization of the Cytoplasmic Domain of Syndecan-4 Is Required for Its Ability to Activate Protein Kinase C (1997)

The transmembrane proteoglycan syndecan-4, which is a coreceptor with integrins in cytoskeleton-matrix interactions, appears to be multimerized in vivo. Both purified and recombinant core proteins form sodium dodecyl sulfate-resistant oligomers, and we now report that a synthetic peptide corresponding to the central region of syndecan-4 cytoplasmic domain (4V) also oligomerizes. The degree of oligomerization correlates with the previously reported ability to bind protein kinase C (PKC) and regulate its activity. Only multimeric recombinant syndecan-4 core protein, but not the monomeric protein, potentiated the activity of PKCalpha, and only oligomeric syndecan-4 cytoplasmic peptides were active. Changes in peptide sequence caused parallel loss of stable oligomeric status and ability to regulate a mixture of PKCalphabetagamma activity. A synthetic peptide encompassing the whole cytoplasmic domain of syndecan-4 (4L) containing a membrane-proximal basic sequence did not form higher order oligomers and could not regulate the activity of PKCalphabetagamma unless induced to aggregate by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. Oligomerization and PKC regulatory activity of the 4V peptide were both increased by addition of N-terminal cysteine and reduced by phosphorylation of the cysteine thiol group. Concentration of syndecan-4 at sites of focal adhesion formation may enhance multimerization and both localize PKC and potentiate its activity to induce stable complex formation.
Dipolar Interactions in Molecules Aligned by Strong AC Electric Fields (2000)

We observed magnetization transfer and spectroscopic splittings due to dipolar couplings in the solution NMR spectra of neat nitrobenzene aligned using AC electric fields. Weak dipolar splittings have been previously observed for nitrobenzene in a DC electric field (T. M. Plantenga, et al., Chem. Phys. 66, 1-9, 1982); the use of homogeneous pulsed AC fields has allowed us to establish stable experimental conditions, which were more tolerable to sample impurities and required no sample purification, and to carry out multidimensional experiments. A pulse sequence is discussed in which the electric field is present only for the indirect dimension: this sequence records the dipolar splittings for each proton in the indirect dimension; the direct dimension presents the isotropic chemical shift. Another pulse sequence is discussed that uses the applied electric field only in the mixing period to produce cross peaks between dipolar coupled pairs and correlate their isotropic chemical shifts. The order parameter describing molecular alignment was in good agreement with that previously determined from deuterium quadrupolar measurements of deuterated nitrobenzene in a similar range of electric fields: S(mol) approximately 0.025% for a field strength of 7.0 MV/m (rms). The dipolar splittings for ortho-meta, meta-para, and ortho-para protons were in qualitative agreement with the known geometry. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.
Small-Molecule Inhibition of Choline Catabolism in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Other Aerobic Choline-Catabolizing Bacteria (2011)

Choline is abundant in association with eukaryotes and plays roles in osmoprotection, thermoprotection, and membrane biosynthesis in many bacteria. Aerobic catabolism of choline is widespread among soil proteobacteria, particularly those associated with eukaryotes. Catabolism of choline as a carbon, nitrogen, and/or energy source may play important roles in association with eukaryotes, including pathogenesis, symbioses, and nutrient cycling. We sought to generate choline analogues to study bacterial choline catabolism in vitro and in situ. Here we report the characterization of a choline analogue, propargylcholine, which inhibits choline catabolism at the level of Dgc enzyme-catalyzed dimethylglycine demethylation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We used genetic analyses and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance to demonstrate that propargylcholine is catabolized to its inhibitory form, propargylmethylglycine. Chemically synthesized propargylmethylglycine was also an inhibitor of growth on choline. Bioinformatic analysis suggests that there are genes encoding DgcA homologues in a variety of proteobacteria. We examined the broader utility of propargylcholine and propargylmethylglycine by assessing growth of other members of the proteobacteria that are known to grow on choline and possess putative DgcA homologues. Propargylcholine showed utility as a growth inhibitor in P. aeruginosa but did not inhibit growth in other proteobacteria tested. In contrast, propargylmethylglycine was able to inhibit choline-dependent growth in all tested proteobacteria, including Pseudomonas mendocina, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas putida, Burkholderia cepacia, Burkholderia ambifaria, and Sinorhizobium meliloti. We predict that chemical inhibitors of choline catabolism will be useful for studying this pathway in clinical and environmental isolates and could be a useful tool to study proteobacterial choline catabolism in situ.
Aspartate transcarbamoylase containing circularly permuted catalytic polypeptide chains. (1993)

Based on the demonstration that active enzyme is formed in vitro and in vivo from polypeptide fragments of the catalytic chains of aspartate transcarbamoylase (ATCase; EC 2.1.3.2) and the evidence that NH2 and COOH termini of wild-type chains are in close proximity, we constructed altered genes to determine whether circularly permuted catalytic chains could fold and assemble into active catalytic trimers. Two slightly different genetic constructs led to the expression in good yield of circularly permuted catalytic chains, which associated in vivo into active trimers. They, in turn, combined in vitro with wild-type regulatory dimers to form ATCase-like molecules. Both polypeptide chains began at residue 235 in a different domain from the NH2 terminus of wild type and had an overlapping sequence of eight residues at the COOH terminus. One had a six-amino-acid linker, and the other had a deletion of four residues. Enzymes containing rearranged chains were similar to their wild-type counterparts in physical properties. Whereas values of Vmax were close to those of wild-type trimers and ATCase, the Km values were more than 10-fold greater. Also the allosteric properties characteristic of wild-type ATCase were lacking in the enzymes containing permuted chains. Denaturation of trimers by urea was reversible, and recovery of activity in both rate and yield was comparable to that of wild-type trimers. The experiments demonstrate that folding of chains into clearly defined domains and the assembly of active, thermodynamically stable oligomers are not dependent on the positions of NH2 and COOH termini; the folded structures are a consequence of the final sequence and not the order of biosynthetic addition of amino acids.
Rapid and Efficient Enzyme Encapsulation in a Dendrimer Silica Nanocomposite (2006)

We report the entrapment of horseradish peroxidase and quantitative encapsulation of glucose oxidase within silica nanoparticles by utilizing an amine-terminated dendritic template. Our improved strategy employs a water-soluble biomimetic template which is able to catalyze the condensation of Si(OH)(4) to silica nanoparticles while trapping an enzyme inside the mesoporous material. Kinetic analysis shows enzyme functionality to be mostly unchanged. Also, the role of pI and ionic strength within the encapsulation environment was found to strongly influence encapsulation. These results suggest that the electrostatic manipulation of a strong supramolecular silica-precipitating complex of enzyme and dendrimer has the potential of adding a vast array of chemical and biological activity to hybrid materials. [image: see text] Enzyme immobilization within a silica nanocomposite.
Female Sexual Disorders: <i>Assessment, Diagnosis, and Treatment</i> (2011)

Abstract Sexual health is important to overall health and quality of life. Sexual problems have been associated with relationship problems and may interfere with overall health and they may also be a marker for other undiagnosed comorbid medical conditions. In order for healthcare professionals to manage the sexual health concerns of their patients, it is important for them to understand what constitutes good sexual health. To that end, it is necessary to have a working knowledge of the evolving theoretical models offered to describe a healthy sexual response as well as an understanding of the neurobiology of sexual function. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Revised lists six primary female sexual disorders: hypoactive sexual desire disorder, sexual aversion disorder, female sexual arousal disorder, female orgasmic disorder,dyspareunia, and vaginismus. Despite a growing awareness of the high prevalence of sexual disorders they are not typically identified nor treated. There are a number of reasons why clinicians fail to identify and treat sexual problems including insufficient training in sexual medicine and communication skills, time-constraints, and embarrassment. Treatment for female sexual problems is usually individualized and may include a combination of office-based education and basic counseling, cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy, and treatment of concomitant medical conditions.
Differential induction of c-<i>fos</i>, c-<i>jun</i>, and apoptosis in lung epithelial cells exposed to ROS or RNS (1997)

Reactive oxygen (ROS) or nitrogen (RNS) species can affect epithelial cells to cause acute damage and an array of pulmonary diseases. The goal of this study was to determine patterns of early response gene expression and functional end points of exposure to nitric oxide (NO.), H2O2, or peroxynitrite (ONOO-) in a line of rat lung epithelial (RLE) cells. Our focus was on c-fos and c-jun protooncogenes, as these genes play an important role in proliferation or apoptosis, possible end points of exposure to reactive metabolites in lung. Our data demonstrate that NO. generated by spermine 1,3-propanediamine N-14-[1-(3-aminopropyl)-2-hydroxy-2-nitrosohydrazino]-butyl] or S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine as well as H2O2 cause increased c-fos and c-jun mRNA levels, nuclear proteins, and complexes binding the activator protein-1 recognition sequence in RLE cells. These agents also lead to apoptosis and increased membrane permeability. In contrast, exogenously administered ONOO- or 3-morpholinosydnonimine do not induce protooncogenes or apoptosis in RLE cells despite nitration oftyrosines. We conclude that ROS and RNS can elicit distinct molecular and phenotypic responses in a target cell of pulmonary disease.
IIIB. The National Asthma Education Program (1993)

The significant worldwide increase in asthma-related severity and mortality has evoked increasing concern from the medical community. To enhance early recognition and appropriate therapeutic intervention of asthma, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's National Asthma Education Program convened an expert panel to develop guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of asthma. The guidelines discussed in this article emphasize that airway inflammation is a central characteristic of asthma. Appropriate therapy must include four components: the use of objective measures of lung function to assess the severity of asthma and to monitor the course of therapy, comprehensive pharmacologic therapy that includes medications to reverse and prevent the underlying airway inflammation and to relieve the bronchoconstriction, environmental control measures to avoid or control factors that precipitate asthma exacerbations, and patient education to foster a partnership among the patient, the patient's family, and the clinician.
Treatment of purulent wounds and fistulae with an adhesive wound irrigation device. A multicentre trial of 100 patients. (1981)

There has been little change in the treatment of established wound infection for many years. This paper describes an adhesive wound irrigation device designed to facilitate the care of discharging wounds or fistulae normally requiring several changes of dressings daily. We report the use of this device in a selected group of 100 patients and discuss briefly the methods of irrigation available. The device described offers certain practical advantages over conventional wound dressing and has proved acceptable to the patient.
Diabetes impairs the angiogenic potential of adipose-derived stem cells by selectively depleting cellular subpopulations (2014)

Perturbations in specific cellular subpopulations, visible only on a single-cell level, represent a previously unreported mechanism for the dysfunction of diabetic ASCs. These data suggest that the utility of autologous ASCs for cell-based therapies in patients with diabetes may be limited and that interventions to improve cell function before application are warranted.
Identification of <i>TDRD1</i> as a direct target gene of <i>ERG</i> in primary prostate cancer (2013)

Molecular classification of ERG-rearranged prostate cancer clarifies the role of TMPRSS2-ERG in the development and progression of prostate cancer. The objective of our study was to identify direct ERG target genes in ERG-rearranged prostate cancer. Two independent cohorts of primary prostate cancer (Cohort A, n=48; Cohort B, n=31), a cohort of late-stage prostate cancer (n=51) and expression array data of a cohort of primary prostate tumors from a different institute (n=128) were analyzed for expression of genes that were coexpressed with ERG overexpression. By genome-wide expression analysis and Q-RT-PCR it was shown that the gene Tudor domain containing 1 (TDRD1) was by far the strongest correlated gene with ERG overexpression in both Cohort A and B. Expression array analysis of the patient cohort from a different institute showed a large overlap in genes that were positively correlated with ERG overexpression, including TDRD1. In late-stage prostate cancer, TDRD1 was also coexpressed with ERG overexpression, although a proportion of ERG-negative late-stage samples expressed TDRD1. TDRD1 expression was not associated with ETV1 overexpression. In the prostate cancer cell line VCaP, downregulation of ERG by shRNA lead to a lower expression level of TDRD1 and resulted in a decreased activity of the TDRD1 promoter. By mutation analysis we identified a functional ERG binding site in the TDRD1 promoter. Our findings show TDRD1 as the first identified upregulated direct ERG target gene that is strongly associated with ERG overexpression in primary prostate cancer.
“Organic Aqua Regia”—Powerful Liquids for Dissolving Noble Metals (2010)

The noble prize: Various noble metals can be dissolved in organic solutions with high dissolution rates under mild conditions by using thionyl chloride (SOCl2) and organic solvents/reagents (pyridine, N,N-dimethylformamide, and imidazole). Varying the composition of the solvent and reaction conditions even allows the selective dissolution of noble metals (see picture). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Asymmetric Oxidation of Sulfides with Fe(salan) (2008)

The development of alternative procedures in aqueous conditions is an important challenge in organic chemistry. The development of a new practical asymmetric oxidation of sulfides in water is reported. The oxidation is catalyzed by the Fe(salan) complex and proceeds with high enantio­selectivity and yields. For previous work, see: H. Egami, T. Katsuki J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 8940.