gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Block motion estimation using adaptive modified two-bit transform (2007)

An adaptive modification to the two-bit transform-based low-complexity block motion estimation approach is proposed. Initially, video frames are converted into two-bit representations using the two-bit transform (2BT), and binary block-based motion estimation is performed using these two bit-planes. Modification to the original 2BT-based motion estimation scheme is introduced by conditional local or full searches using the mean absolute difference criterion to improve the initial motion estimation accuracy. The condition threshold is adaptively varied according to block detail using the block variance already computed for the 2BT process. Experimental results show that the proposed adaptive modified 2BT-based motion estimation technique can significantly improve peak signal-to-noise ratio performance compared with 2BT only motion estimation, and outperforms modified one-bit transform (1BT)-based motion estimation as well as modified 2BT-based motion estimation without adaptation at the same motion estimation cost. The main contribution of this work is to provide an adaptive decision on whether a modified search should be carried out after the low-complexity motion estimation process.
Using computers to diagnose computer problems (2003)

Although computers continue to improve in speed and functionality, they remain difficult to use. Problems frequently occur, and it is hard to find fixes or workarounds. This paper argues for the importance and feasibility of building a global-scale automated problem diagnosis system that captures the natural, although labor intensive, workflow of system diagnosis and repair. The system collects problem symptoms from users' desktops, rather than requiring users to describe their problems to primitive search engines, automatically searches global databases of problem symptoms and fixes, and also allows ordinary users to contribute accurate problem reports in a structured manner.
Virulence and in vitro growth of a cell-adapted strain of equine infectious anemia virus after serial passage in ponies (1982)

Five serial passages of a cell-adapted strain of equine infectious anemia (EIA) virus were conducted in Shetland ponies. The 13 recipient ponies became agar-gel immunodiffusion test-positive by 25 days after they were inoculated. The virulence of the cell-adapted strain of EIA virus markedly increased through 3 serial passages, although individual variation within passages was high. The 1st serial-passage recipient remained afebrile through 200 days, whereas a febrile episode occurred about every 185, 44, 35, and 33 days in the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th serial-passage recipients, respectively. Severe clinical signs of EIA were noted in the ponies at each serial passage, but the mean virulence rating of each passage, graded on frequency of febrile episodes and number of clinical signs evident within 200 days after ponies were inoculated, increased from 0 through 4, 21, 24, and 29 for the 1st through 5th serial passages, respectively. Isolates of EIA virus, made in fetal equine kidney cells, were obtained from plasma of 75% of the samples of blood collected during febrile episodes and from 45% of the samples collected during afebrile periods, indicating that the cell culture growth capacity of this strain of EIA virus may be relatively stable through 5 serial passages in Shetland ponies.
Two-dimensional paper networks: programmable fluidic disconnects for multi-step processes in shaped paper (2011)

Most laboratory assays take advantage of multi-step protocols to achieve high performance, but conventional paper-based tests (e.g., lateral flow tests) are generally limited to assays that can be carried out in a single fluidic step. We have developed two-dimensional paper networks (2DPNs) that use materials from lateral flow tests but reconfigure them to enable programming of multi-step reagent delivery sequences. The 2DPN uses multiple converging fluid inlets to control the arrival time of each fluid to a detection zone or reaction zone, and it requires a method to disconnect each fluid source in a corresponding timed sequence. Here, we present a method that allows programmed disconnection of fluid sources required for multi-step delivery. A 2DPN with legs of different lengths is inserted into a shared buffer well, and the dropping fluid surface disconnects each leg at in a programmable sequence. This approach could enable multi-step laboratory assays to be converted into simple point-of-care devices that have high performance yet remain easy to use.
Investigation of FSS-Backed Reflectarray Using Different Classes of Cell Elements (2008)

A variety of cell elements are presented in this paper for the construction of frequency selective surface (FSS) backed reflectarrays. Among the cell elements are the conventional ring elements for FSS and slotted patch for the reflectarray. Different combinations of FSS cell elements and reflectarray cell elements are employed for the realization of FSS-backed reflectarrays and the criteria for the selection of the optimum structure are presented. Prototypes of these reflectarrays were fabricated and tested. The measurements demonstrated that for an optimum design, the gain of an FSS-backed reflectarray is about 1.0 dB lower than its counterpart backed by solid ground plane. Characterization of the out of band performance of these antennas demonstrated close to 1.0 dB insertion loss.
Durability Comparisons of Fiber Reinforced Concrete in Chemical Plant Applications (1991)

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Voltammetric and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic fingerprinting of carboxylic acid groups on the surface of carbon nanotubes via derivatisation with arylnitro labels (2007)

4-Nitrophenol (4-NP)or 4-nitrobenzyl alcohol (4-NBA) are used as voltammetric and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) labels for carboxylic acid groups on the surface of single-walled carbon nanotubes, “bamboo-like” and “hollow-tube” multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The surface carboxyl groups are first converted to the corresponding acyl chlorides, and coupled to the labels via the formation of an ester linkage. The voltammetric reduction of the arylnitro label allows the number of carboxyl groups on the surface to be estimated. Alternatively the percentage of the elemental surface composition corresponding to the carboxyl groups can be measured using XPS via the emission from the N1s level of the label. The number of electroactive quinonyl groups present on the surface relative to the number of carboxyl groups can also be determined voltammetrically by measuring the area under the voltammetric wave corresponding to the surface quinone groups. By combining these voltammetric and XPS results the relative percentages of the O1s spectral peak, which correspond to carboxyl and quinonyl groups, can then be determined, which also allows, by difference, an estimate of the percentage elemental surface composition of total other oxygen-containing functionalities present such as lactones, ethers, aliphatic ketones etc. The effect of standard acid pre-treatments used to introduce carboxyl groups onto the CNT surface (such as stirring in relatively concentrated mixtures of nitric and sulfuric acids) on the number of each type of oxygen functionality is compared. In all cases the number of carboxyl groups is found to increase, but the number of quinonyl and other oxygen-containing functionalities is also found to increase, often to a greater extent than the carboxyl groups.
Process Intensification for Substrate-Coupled Whole Cell Ketone Reduction by In Situ Acetone Removal (2007)

Three different reactor configurations for in situ acetone removal in whole cell biotransformation processes with substrate-coupled cofactor regeneration were applied. The reduction of 2,5-hexanedione to the corresponding (2R,5R)-hexanediol was catalyzed by recombinant Escherichia coli cells expressing an alcohol dehydrogenase from Lactobacillus brevis. The reaction was carried out in a substrate-coupled cofactor regeneration approach using 2-propanol as redox equivalent for intracellular cofactor regeneration. In contrast to a process without acetone removal, where 54% yield could be reached, the yield was increased to >90% when a pervaporation system was applied or when acetone was removed by sparging air through the reaction mixture. In a third system, conversion was driven using a biphasic system to extract acetone continuously from the biocatalyst containing aqueous phase and to allow high concentrations of the hydrophobic substrate 1-phenyl-2-propanone. When methyl tert-butyl ether was applied as the non-aqueous phase, only 24% yield was achieved. When the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)amide was applied as the non-aqueous phase, >95% yield was reached as a result of the preferential partitioning behaviour of acetone over 2-propanol into the ionic liquid.
Randomized Trial of Donor Human Milk Versus Preterm Formula as Substitutes for Mothers' Own Milk in the Feeding of Extremely Premature Infants (2005)

In this randomized, blinded trial of feeding of extremely premature infants, we found that, as a substitute for MM, DM offered little observed short-term advantage over PF for feeding extremely premature infants. Advantages to an exclusive diet of MM were observed in terms of fewer infection-related events and shorter hospital stays.
Study on Branched Polyacrylamide Preparation and Application (2010)

With the continuous development of printing technology and printing equipments, the quality of newsprint should be improved to meet with all the real demands. Acrylamide copolymer is used in paper-making as process aid and function aid which can effectively improve paper printing adaptability. Preparation and application of polyacrylamide via aqueous copolymerization was studied as dry strength agent in this paper. The polyacrylamide with middle molecular weight and low viscosity was obtained by reacting acrylamide, cationic monomer [2-(acryloyloxy)ethy] -trimethylammonium chloride and N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, anionic monomer itaconic acid, active nonionic monomer N-metholacrylamide and crosslinking monomer 1,3,5-triacryloylhexahydro-s-rine, the copolymer was characterized by FT-IR, charge density and molecular weight distribution. On the basis of internal present situation of pulp, the papermaking system with deinking pulp from office waste paper and white water of 1000-1200us/cm conductivity from paper mill were selected for application research. The results show that when the dosage of acrylamide copolymer is 0.8% to the dry weight of pulp and handsheet basis weight is 60g/m2, acrylamide copolymer can show the superior performance to newsprint and receivable cost for paper mill, fluffing speed, tearing strength and internal bonds are respectively improved by 14%, 20% and 30%.
Synthesis and Spectroscopic Properties of Rosamines with Cyclic Amine Substituents (2008)

There is a close structural similarity between rosamines A and rhodamines B, yet a diversity of structures in the rosamine class and their spectral properties have yet to be explored in depth. This manuscript describes a concise, scalable, solution-phase method to obtain rosamines 1-5 and 12-15, which include some water-soluble derivatives. In one test case (for 15) an illustrative protein conjugate was also formed. Throughout these products were isolated and purified, and the syntheses were found to be scalable. Further, the rosamines with these cyclic amine substituents display solvent-dependent fluorescence intensities, and high quantum yields in chlorinated hydrocarbons. In some cases the nature of the cyclic amine substituent was shown to modulate the fluorescence of the parent molecules in pH-dependent ways. The ring size of those amine substituents also correlated with some of their spectroscopic properties. Several water-soluble rosamines were prepared from some of the addition products 1-5, and one of these, 15, was efficiently conjugated to avidin via an amide linkage. The spectroscopic properties of 15 and 15-avidin in aqueous media were very similar.
Surface antigen cross-linking triggers forced exit of a protozoan parasite from its host. (1996)

We used the common fish pathogen Ichthyophthirius multifiliis as a model for studying interactions between parasitic ciliates and their vertebrate hosts. Although highly pathogenic, Ichthyophthirius can elicit a strong protective immune response in fish after exposure to controlled infections. To investigate the mechanisms underlying host resistance, a series of passive immunization experiments were carried out using mouse monoclonal antibodies against a class of surface membrane proteins, known as immobilization antigens (or i-antigens), thought to play a role in the protective response. Such antibodies bind to cilia and immobilize I. multifiliis in vitro. Surprisingly, we found that passive antibody transfer in vivo caused rapid exit of parasites from the host. The effect was highly specific for a given I. multifiliis serotype. F(ab)2 subfragments had the same effect as intact antibody, whereas monovalent Fab fragments failed to protect. The activity of Fab could, nevertheless, be restored after subsequent i.p. injection of bivalent goat anti-mouse IgG. Parasites that exit the host had detectable antibody on their surface and appeared viable in all respects. These findings represent a novel instance among protists in which protective immunity (and evasion of the host response) result from an effect of antibody on parasite behavior.
Characterization and analysis of seismocardiogram for estimation of hemodynamic parameters (2010)

In this research work, systolic time intervals and stroke volume were extracted through the processing of recorded mechanical cardiac vibrations from the sternum, seismocardiogram (SCG). These hemodynamic parameters were extracted based on the physiological characterization of SCG with different modalities including echocardiography, ballistocardiography, Doppler ultrasound, and finite element modelling. For the first time, an extensive evaluation of the SCG estimation of systolic time intervals compared to those from Doppler ultrasound and impedance cardiogram was performed (n=25). It was shown that SCG can estimate pre-ejection period (p-value=0.16), left ventricular ejection time (p-value=0.93), and QS2 (p-value=0.91). In a novel approach, the effects of respiration on SCG was studied on 45 participants. As the results of this study it was found that there is a difference between SCG cycles during inspiration and the ones during expiration (p-value&amp;lt;0.01). It was also shown that expiration cycles are more similar to each other compared to inspiration cycles. Based on this finding, a new averaging algorithm for SCG was proposed based on the consideration of the respiration effect on SCG. The previously defined IC point, isotonic contraction, on SCG was redefined to correspond to the point of maximum acceleration of blood in the aorta. This finding was confirmed using Doppler ultrasound (n=23, r=0.85) and ultra low frequency ballistocardiography (n=5, p-value=0.95).
Optimizing the Location and Service Level for Public Service Facilities Design Based on GIS (2003)

Recently, a new method of optimizing the design of public service facilities considering the locations and service level based on GIS is one of the evident areas of important points in the problem of public service facility design. This research is concerned with the development of decision method of location number of public educational facilities with a minimum student travel distance (with an optimal service level). We have developed a 3-step facility system design based on GIS, multi-attribute decision analysis, and stochastic set-covering method in the view of: 1) optimal decision of school types using analytic hierarchy process as a multi-attribute structured analysis method, 2) finding the optimal number of school and those locations with minimum student travel distance using set-covering problem, and 3) these procedures are shown on GIS-based visual outputs. The computer program is developed for this problem and demonstrated to show the computational results. It is known that the proposed method is very effective on a set of test problems of real world.
Assessment of TMJ Disorders Using Ultrasonography as a Diagnostic Tool: A Review (2013)

Temporomandibular disorders affect nearly 10-70% of population. Hence, a proper diagnosis of temporomandibular disorders using appropriate diagnostic aids is required. Thus, the purpose of this review was to check the use of ultrasonography as a diagnostic aid in the detection of TMJ disorders.A literature review was performed in Pub Med Central and Cochrane library using Mesh Terms - 'ultrasonography' and 'TMJ disorders'. Out of the total 113 titles appeared, 38 were related to the research question. Further search criteria were applied to the articles, out of which 11 articles fulfilled the criteria and were selected for the review. Two articles which were hand searched were also included. Sensitivity of ultrasonography in detecting TMJ disorders in a majority of articles ranged from 41%-90% in disc displacement, when MRI was taken as the gold standard. In case of TMJ Effusion and Condylar effusion, sensitivities ranged from 20-80% and 83% respectively. It was also seen that sensitivity increased with increase in frequency of transducer. In the available literature, it was found that ultrasonography was an acceptable diagnostic tool for detection of disc displacement, condylar erosion and articular effusion.
Influence of pure simmondsin on the food intake in rats (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInfluence of pure simmondsin on the food intake in ratsMarnix M. Cokelaere, Hugo D. Dangreau, Sven. Arnouts, Eddy R. Kuhn, and Eddy M. P. DecuypereCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1992, 40, 10, 1839–1842Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00022a022https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00022a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views61Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Combined effect of 5-fluorouracil and carboplatin against human gastric cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo. (1994)

The antitumor activity of a sequential combination of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and carboplatin (JM-8) was evaluated using gastric cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo. In the in vitro study, the sequence of 5-FU followed by JM-8 showed higher antitumor activity than that of the reverse sequence. The sequence of 5-FU at 5 micrograms/ml for 24 h followed by 5 micrograms/ml JM-8 for 24 h showed antitumor activity almost equivalent to that of 10 micrograms/ml 5-FU for 24 h and higher activity than that of 10 micrograms/ml JM-8 for 24 h on two cell lines. To evaluate the antitumor activity and toxicity of 5-FU and JM-8 in vivo, BALB/cA nu/nu mice bearing human gastric cancer xenografts St-15, St-40 and SC-1-NU were administered 5-FU and JM-8 intraperitoneally. The sequence of 5-FU prior to JM-8 showed higher antitumor activity than that of the reverse sequence on all the xenografts, and simultaneous administration of 5-FU and JM-8 showed the most potent antitumor activity on St-40 and SC-1-NU. On the other hand, the sequence of 5-FU before JM-8 showed the lowest toxicity in all the treated groups, in terms of death rate, body weight loss and spleen weight loss. This combination is thought to be a promising chemotherapy regimen, showing high antitumor activity without an increment of toxicity.
Megahertz serial crystallography (2018)

The new European X-ray Free-Electron Laser is the first X-ray free-electron laser capable of delivering X-ray pulses with a megahertz inter-pulse spacing, more than four orders of magnitude higher than previously possible. However, to date, it has been unclear whether it would indeed be possible to measure high-quality diffraction data at megahertz pulse repetition rates. Here, we show that high-quality structures can indeed be obtained using currently available operating conditions at the European XFEL. We present two complete data sets, one from the well-known model system lysozyme and the other from a so far unknown complex of a β-lactamase from K. pneumoniae involved in antibiotic resistance. This result opens up megahertz serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) as a tool for reliable structure determination, substrate screening and the efficient measurement of the evolution and dynamics of molecular structures using megahertz repetition rate pulses available at this new class of X-ray laser source.
Passive protection by antitoxin in experimental Pseudomonas aeruginosa burn infections (1977)

The protective effect of intravenously administered rabbit antitoxin serum was studied in lethal Pseudomonas aeruginosa burn infections in mice. Survival after infection with 2 median lethal doses of a toxigenic, low-protease-producing strain (PA103) was enhanced in antitoxin-treated mice, as compared with controls that had received anti-bovine serum albumin serum (P = 0.0004). Survival time was prolonged in other antitoxin-treated mice infected with toxigenic, high-protease-producing strains (PA86 and PA220, P = 0.0003 and P = 0.01, respectively). In contrast, antitoxin had no protective effect in mice challenged with a nontoxigenic strain (WR 5, P = 0.57). There were fewer viable bacteria in blood and liver of antitoxin-treated mice than in those of anti-bovine serum albumin-treated controls after infection with toxigenic organisms, whereas there were no significant differences between the two groups after challenge with the nontoxigenic strain. These data suggest that P. aeruginosa exotoxin A contributes to lethality in this burn infection model, and this effect is diminished by passive immunization with antitoxin.
Blockchains and the Future of Distributed Computing (2017)

There has been a recent explosion of interest in blockchain-based distributed ledger systems such as Bitcoin, Ethereum, and many others. Much of this work originated outside the distributed computing community, but the questions raised, such as consensus, replication, fault-tolerance, privacy, and security, and so on, are all issues familiar to our community.