gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
White Thugs & Black Bodies: A Comparison of the Portrayal of African-American Women in Hip-Hop Videos (2010)

The continued appearance of African-American women as performers in rap and/or hip-hop videos has called attention to the male gaze1 and the ways in which young African-American women negotiate their sexuality. The most popular music videos of Caucasian and African-American hip-hop artists from 2003-2005 were analyzed and compared to determine the levels of sexism between the two cultures. With these videos, this study replicated a qualitative content analysis from another study that identified three prominent characteristics: (1) the level of sexism; (2) the presence of intimate touch and/the presence of alluring attire; and (3) which race portrayed women in a more sexist manner. From those distinctions, it was discerned that the majority of videos featuring both races possessed low levels of sexism, if any at all. Regarding sexual iconography, barely half of the Caucasian sample depicted women wearing alluring attire, and approximately a quarter of them revealed women engaged in intimate touching scenes with men and women. It was concluded that African-American rappers portray African-American women in a more sexist manner than their white counterparts in the name of hip-hop.
HitNet: Hybrid Ternary Recurrent Neural Network (2018)

Quantization is a promising technique to reduce the model size, memory footprint, and computational cost of neural networks for the employment on embedded devices with limited resources. Although quantization has achieved impressive success in convolutional neural networks (CNNs), it still suffers from large accuracy degradation on recurrent neural networks (RNNs), especially in the extremely low-bit cases. In this paper, we first investigate the accuracy degradation of RNNs under different quantization schemes and visualize the distribution of tensor values in the full precision models. Our observation reveals that due to the different distributions of weights and activations, different quantization methods should be used for each part. Accordingly, we propose HitNet, a hybrid ternary RNN, which bridges the accuracy gap between the full precision model and the quantized model with ternary weights and activations. In HitNet, we develop a hybrid quantization method to quantize weights and activations. Moreover, we introduce a sloping factor into the activation functions to address the error-sensitive problem, further closing the mentioned accuracy gap. We test our method on typical RNN models, such as Long-Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU). Overall, HitNet can quantize RNN models into ternary values of {-1, 0, 1} and significantly outperform the state-of-the-art methods towards extremely quantized RNNs. Specifically, we improve the perplexity per word (PPW) of a ternary LSTM on Penn Tree Bank (PTB) corpus from 126 to 110.3 and a ternary GRU from 142 to 113.5.
Optimizing an Artificial Metabolic Pathway:  Engineering the Cofactor Specificity of <i>Corynebacterium</i> 2,5-Diketo-<scp>d</scp>-gluconic Acid Reductase for Use in Vitamin C Biosynthesis (2002)

The strict cofactor specificity of many enzymes can potentially become a liability when these enzymes are to be employed in an artificial metabolic pathway. The preference for NADPH over NADH exhibited by the Corynebacterium 2,5-diketo-D-gluconic acid (2,5-DKG) reductase may not be ideal for use in industrial scale vitamin C biosynthesis. We have previously reported making a number of site-directed mutations at five sites located in the cofactor-binding pocket that interact with the 2'-phosphate group of NADPH. These mutations conferred greater activity with NADH upon the Corynebacterium 2,5-DKG reductase [Banta, S., Swanson, B. A., Wu, S., Jarnagin, A., and Anderson, S. (2002) Protein Eng. 15, 131-140; (1)]. The best of these mutations have now been combined to see if further improvements can be obtained. In addition, several chimeric mutants have been produced that contain the same residues as are found in other members of the aldo-keto reductase superfamily that are naturally able to use NADH as a cofactor. The most active mutants obtained in this work were also combined with a previously reported substrate-binding pocket double mutant, F22Y/A272G. Mutant activity was assayed using activity-stained native polyacrylamide gels. Superior mutants were purified and subjected to a simplified kinetic analysis. The simplified kinetic analysis was extended for the most active mutants in order to obtain the kinetic parameters in the full-ordered bi bi rate equation in the absence of products, with both NADH and NADPH as cofactors. The best mutant 2,5-DKG reductase produced in this work was the F22Y/K232G/R238H/A272G quadruple mutant, which exhibits activity with NADH that is more than 2 orders of magnitude higher than that of the wild-type enzyme, and it retains a high level of activity with NADPH. This new 2,5-DKG reductase may be a valuable new catalyst for use in vitamin C biosynthesis.
Synthesis but not secretion of J chain by variant mouse myeloma cells which lose alpha-chain-synthesizing ability. (1975)

We have devised a rapid method for obtaining large amounts of J chain from IgA in the ascitic fluid of mice bearing the MOPC 315 tumor. The J chain was released by reduction from the MOPC 315 IgA adsorbed onto a DNP-lysyl-Sepharose column, and was further purified by DEAE Sephadex chromatography. The mouse J chain was characterized as to its electrophoretic mobility, amino acid composition, apparent size, presence in different immunoglobulin classes, and reactivity with an antiserum containing anti-J chain activity. Variant cell lines have been selected from the IgA-producing mouse myeloma cell line MOPC 315. The variants did not synthesize detectable quantities of alpha heavy chains but continued to synthesize and secrete light chains. J chain was synthesized by both parent and variant cell lines but only secreted by the parent cells. It is postulated that J chain synthesis is not dependent on alpha heavy chain synthesis, but that secretion of J chain by MOPC 315 cells occurs only because of its attachment to the Ig1 molecule.
Three-Dimensional Distribution of the Electric Field Induced in the Brain by Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Using Figure-8 and Deep H-Coils (2007)

The H-coils are a novel development in transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), designed to achieve effective stimulation of deep neuronal regions without inducing unbearable fields cortically, thus broadly expanding the potential feasibility of TMS for research and for treating various neurologic disorders. This study compared the field distribution of two H-coil versions, termed H1 and H2, and of a standard figure-of-eight coil. Three-dimensional electrical field distributions of the H1 and H2-coils, designed for effective stimulation of prefrontal regions, and of a standard figure-8 coil, were measured in a head model filled with physiologic saline solution. With stimulator output at 120% of the hand motor threshold, suprathreshold field is induced by the H1-coil at lateral and medial frontal regions at depths of up to 4 to 5 cm, and by the H2-coil at medial prefrontal regions up to 2 to 3 cm, and at lateral frontal regions up to 5 to 6 cm. The figure-8 coil induced suprathreshold field focally under the coil's central segment, at depths of up to 1.5 cm. The ability of the H-coils to stimulate effectively deeper neuronal structures is obtained at the cost of a wider electrical field distribution in the brain. However, the H-coils enable simultaneous stimulation of several brain regions, whereas the depth penetration in each region can be controlled either by adjusting the stimulator output, and/or by varying the distance between various coil elements and the skull.
Antibodies to Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 4 in Seronegative Myasthenia Gravis (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Fluorescent risedronate analogues reveal bisphosphonate uptake by bone marrow monocytes and localization around osteocytes in vivo (2009)

Bisphosphonates are effective antiresorptive agents owing to their bone-targeting property and ability to inhibit osteoclasts. It remains unclear, however, whether any non-osteoclast cells are directly affected by these drugs in vivo. Two fluorescent risedronate analogues, carboxyfluorescein-labeled risedronate (FAM-RIS) and Alexa Fluor 647-labeled risedronate (AF647-RIS), were used to address this question. Twenty-four hours after injection into 3-month-old mice, fluorescent risedronate analogues were bound to bone surfaces. More detailed analysis revealed labeling of vascular channel walls within cortical bone. Furthermore, fluorescent risedronate analogues were present in osteocytic lacunae in close proximity to vascular channels and localized to the lacunae of newly embedded osteocytes close to the bone surface. Following injection into newborn rabbits, intracellular uptake of fluorescently labeled risedronate was detected in osteoclasts, and the active analogue FAM-RIS caused accumulation of unprenylated Rap1A in these cells. In addition, CD14(high) bone marrow monocytes showed relatively high levels of uptake of fluorescently labeled risedronate, which correlated with selective accumulation of unprenylated Rap1A in CD14(+) cells, as well as osteoclasts, following treatment with risedronate in vivo. Similar results were obtained when either rabbit or human bone marrow cells were treated with fluorescent risedronate analogues in vitro. These findings suggest that the capacity of different cell types to endocytose bisphosphonate is a major determinant for the degree of cellular drug uptake in vitro as well as in vivo. In conclusion, this study shows that in addition to bone-resorbing osteoclasts, bisphosphonates may exert direct effects on bone marrow monocytes in vivo.
ACCURATE EYE CENTRE LOCALISATION BY MEANS OF GRADIENTS (2011)

The estimation of the eye centres is used in several computer vision applications such as face recognition or eye tracking. Especially for the latter, systems that are remote and rely on available light have become very popular and several methods for accurate eye centre localisation have been proposed. Nevertheless, these methods often fail to accurately estimate the eye centres in difficult scenarios, e.g. low resolution, low contrast, or occlusions. We therefore propose an approach for accurate and robust eye centre localisation by using image gradients. We derive a simple objective function, which only consists of dot products. The maximum of this function corresponds to the location where most gradient vectors intersect and thus to the eye’s centre. Although simple, our method is invariant to changes in scale, pose, contrast and variations in illumination. We extensively evaluate our method on the very challenging BioID database for eye centre and iris localisation. Moreover, we compare our method with a wide range of state of the art methods and demonstrate that our method yields a significant improvement regarding both accuracy and robustness.
Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication by SDZ NIM 811, a nonimmunosuppressive cyclosporine analog (1994)

(Me-Ile-4)cyclosporin (SDZ NIM 811) is a 4-substituted cyclosporin which is devoid of immunosuppressive activity but retains full capacity for binding to cyclophilin and exhibits potent anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) activity. SDZ NIM 811 selectively inhibits HIV-1 replication in T4 lymphocyte cell lines, in a monocytic cell line, and in HeLa T4 cells. Furthermore, its antiviral activity against laboratory strains and against clinical isolates from geographically distinct regions in primary T4 lymphocytes and in primary monocytes (50% inhibitory concentration = 0.011 to 0.057 micrograms/ml) was demonstrated. SDZ NIM 811 does not inhibit proviral gene expression or virus-specific enzyme functions, either free or bound to cyclophilin. The compound does not influence CD4 expression or inhibit fusion between virus-infected and uninfected cells. SDZ NIM 811 was, however, found to block formation of infectious particles from chronically infected cells. Oral administration to mice, rats, dogs, and monkeys resulted in levels in blood considerably exceeding the drug concentration, which completely blocked virus replication in primary cells. SDZ NIM 811 caused changes of toxicity parameters in rats to a smaller degree than cyclosporine (formerly cyclosporin A). Thus, the potent and selective anti-HIV-1 activity of SDZ NIM 811 and its favorable pharmacokinetic behavior together with its lower nephrotoxicity than that of cyclosporine make this compound a promising candidate for development as an anti-HIV drug.
Herpetic Keratoconjunctivitis: Therapy with Synthetic Double-Stranded RNA (1968)

A study was undertaken in rabbits to determine how late in the course of keratoconjunctivitis caused by herpes simplex recovery could be effected by an inducer of interferon. Interferon was induced by means of synthetic double-stranded RNA copolymer formed with polynosinic acid: polycytidilic acid RNA. Therapy promotes recovery from severe and fully established keratoconjunctivitis for which treatment was begun as late as 3 days after virus inoculation. No drug toxicity was observed in the therapeutic dose range. These findings further support the proposed role of the interferon mechanism in the natural recovery of already established viral infection. They also suggest the usefulness of interferon inducers in viral infections of man.
DNA‐Controlled Bivalent Presentation of Ligands for the Estrogen Receptor (2011)

Molecular ruler: Steroid analogues were conjugated to DNA by using click chemistry, and self-assembly provided ternary DNA complexes with bivalent ligand presentation. The distance between the bound ligands was measured by spatial screening of the estrogen receptor, and a second hydrophobic binding site was postulated. The picture shows the DNA(black)–raloxifene(orange) complex in the ligand binding domain of the receptor. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Host Factors Selectively Increase Staphylococcal Adherence on Inserted Catheters: A Role for Fibronectin and Fibrinogen or Fibrin (1989)

Intravascular catheters are prone to staphylococcal infections. To study the role in staphylococcal adherence played by fibrinogen or fibrin and fibronectin deposited on inserted catheters, 187 peripheral or central cannulae were prospectively removed from hospitalized patients. Compared with uninserted catheters, which allowed only minimal adherence, previously inserted catheters promoted significant adherence of staphylococcal isolates from patients with intravenous device infection. Adhesion-promoting properties were studied with laboratory strains having well-defined affinities for either fibronectin or fibrinogen: adherence of Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I, which has the highest affinity for both adhesins, was more strongly promoted (10- to 50-fold) on inserted cannulae than was that of S. aureus Wood 46 (4- to 10-fold) or Staphylococcus epidermidis Rp 12 (2.2-fold), which has no affinity for fibrinogen but does for fibronectin. Although all types of cannulae contained significant amounts of fibrin, which may promote adherence of coagulase-positive staphylococci, results obtained with coagulase-negative isolates suggested that in vivo-deposited fibronectin is also a critical determinant in this process.
A Microfluidic-Based Multi-Shear Device for Investigating the Effects of Low Fluid-Induced Stresses on Osteoblasts (2014)

Interstitial fluid flow (IFF) within the extracellular matrix (ECM) produces low magnitude shear stresses on cells. Fluid flow-induced stress (FSS) plays an important role during tissue morphogenesis. To investigate the effect of low FSS generated by IFF on cells, we developed a microfluidic-based cell culture device that can generate multiple low shear stresses. By changing the length and width of the flow-in channels, different continuous low level shear stresses could be generated in individual cell culture chambers. Numerical calculations demonstrate uniform shear stress distributions of the major cell culture area of each chamber. This calculation is further confirmed by the wall shear stress curves. The effects of low FSS on MC3T3-E1 proliferation and differentiation were studied using this device. It was found that FSS ranging from 1.5 to 52.6 µPa promoted MC3T3-E1 proliferation and differentiation, but FSS over 412 µPa inhibited the proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. FSS ranging from 1.5 to 52.6 µPa also increased the expression of Runx2, a key transcription factor regulating osteoblast differentiation. It is suggested that Runx2 might be an important regulator in low FSS-induced MC3T3-E1 differentiation. This device allows for detailed study of the effect of low FSS on the behaviors of cells; thus, it would be a useful tool for analysis of the effects of IFF-induced shear stresses on cells.
Neisseria meningitidis tonB, exbB, and exbD genes: Ton-dependent utilization of protein-bound iron in Neisseriae (1997)

We have recently cloned and characterized the hemoglobin (Hb) receptor gene, hmbR, from Neisseria meningitidis. To identify additional proteins that are involved in Hb utilization, the N. meningitidis Hb utilization system was reconstituted in Escherichia coli. Five cosmids from N. meningitidis DNA library enabled a heme-requiring (hemA), HmbR-expressing mutant of E. coli to use Hb as both porphyrin and iron source. Nucleotide sequence analysis of DNA fragments subcloned from the Hb-complementing cosmids identified four open reading frames, three of them homologous to Pseudomonas putida, E. coli, and Haemophilus influenzae exbB, exbD, and tonB genes. The N. meningitidis TonB protein is 28.8 to 33.6% identical to other gram-negative TonB proteins, while the N. meningitidis ExbD protein shares between 23.3 and 34.3% identical amino acids with other ExbD and TolR proteins. The N. meningitidis ExbB protein was 24.7 to 36.1% homologous with other gram-negative ExbB and TolQ proteins. Complementation studies indicated that the neisserial Ton system cannot interact with the E. coli FhuA TonB-dependent outer membrane receptor. The N. meningitidis tonB mutant was unable to use Hb, Hb-haptoglobin complexes, transferrin, and lactoferrin as iron sources. Insertion of an antibiotic cassette in the 3' end of the exbD gene produced a leaky phenotype. Efficient usage of heme by N. meningitidis tonB and exbD mutants suggests the existence of a Ton-independent heme utilization mechanism. E. coli complementation studies and the analysis of N. meningitidis hmbR and hpu mutants suggested the existence of another Hb utilization mechanism in this organism.
The Colony-Stimulating Factor-1 (CSF-1) Receptor Sustains ERK1/2 Activation and Proliferation in Breast Cancer Cell Lines (2011)

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in western countries. Colony-Stimulating Factor-1 (CSF-1) and its receptor (CSF-1R) regulate macrophage and osteoclast production, trophoblast implantation and mammary gland development. The expression of CSF-1R and/or CSF-1 strongly correlates with poor prognosis in several human epithelial tumors, including breast carcinomas. We demonstrate that CSF-1 and CSF-1R are expressed, although at different levels, in 16/17 breast cancer cell lines tested with no differences among molecular subtypes. The role of CSF-1/CSF-1R in the proliferation of breast cancer cells was then studied in MDAMB468 and SKBR3 cells belonging to different subtypes. CSF-1 administration induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation and enhanced cell proliferation in both cell lines. Furthermore, the inhibition of CSF-1/CSF-1R signaling, by CSF-1R siRNA or imatinib treatment, impaired CSF-1 induced ERK1/2 activation and cell proliferation. We also demonstrate that c-Jun, cyclin D1 and c-Myc, known for their involvement in cell proliferation, are downstream CSF-1R in breast cancer cells. The presence of a proliferative CSF-1/CSF-1R autocrine loop involving ERK1/2 was also found. The wide expression of the CSF-1/CSF-1R pair across breast cancer cell subtypes supports CSF-1/CSF-1R targeting in breast cancer therapy.
Thermal degradation of lipids (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermal degradation of lipidsWassef W. NawarCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1969, 17, 1, 18–21Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60161a012https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60161a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2600Altmetric-Citations136LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Delaying insect resistance to transgenic crops (2008)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.