gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Musical Sequence Learning and EEG Correlates of Audiomotor Processing (2015)

Our motor and auditory systems are functionally connected during musical performance, and functional imaging suggests that the association is strong enough that passive music listening can engage the motor system. As predictive coding constrains movement sequence selections, could the motor system contribute to sequential processing of musical passages? If this is the case, then we hypothesized that the motor system should respond preferentially to passages of music that contain similar sequential information, even if other aspects of music, such as the absolute pitch, have been altered. We trained piano naive subjects with a learn-to play-by-ear paradigm, to play a simple melodic sequence over five days. After training, we recorded EEG of subjects listening to the song they learned to play, a transposed version of that song, and a control song with different notes and sequence from the learned song. Beta band power over sensorimotor scalp showed increased suppression for the learned song, a moderate level of suppression for the transposed song, and no suppression for the control song. As beta power is associated with attention and motor processing, we interpret this as support of the motor system's activity during covert perception of music one can play and similar musical sequences.
Combined Administration of Growth-Hormone-Releasing Hormone and Clonidine Restores Defective Growth Hormone Secretion in Old Dogs (1993)

We have studied in old dogs the effects of short-term administration of growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone (GHRH) alone or co-administered with clonidine (CLO), an ct2-adrenergic agonist, on the GH secretory pattern (cluster analysis), and GH responsiveness to an acute GHRH or GHRH + CLO challenge and plasma somatomedin C (SMC) levels. Dogs were given either GHRH alone twice daily for 10 days (treatment 1) or combined GHRH + CLO both given twice daily (treatment 2) or GHRH + CLO given once daily (treatment 3). Animals were sampled from 09.00 to 15.00 h, at 10-min intervals, both before and 14 h after treatments. At the end of the 6-hour sampling period, dogs were challenged with simultaneous administration of GHRH and CLO, while they were tested with GHRH alone on the morning of the following day. In dogs undergoing treatment 1, acute administration of GHRH or GHRH + CLO elicited mean GH peak responses higher than before treatment, but none of the GH secretory indices were modified during the 6-hour sampling period, except for the increase in mean GH peak amplitude. In dogs undergoing treatment 2, acute administration of GHRH elicited a mean GH peak response higher than that before treatment, whereas administration of GHRH + CLO induced a mean GH peak response not different from that elicited by GHRH + CLO before treatment or by GHRH alone after treatment. However, this treatment significantly augmented the frequency of spontaneous bursts of GH secretion, the mean GH peak amplitude and the total peak area. In dogs undergoing treatment 3, acute administration of GHRH alone or GHRH + CLO elicited a mean GH peak response higher than that elicited by the same drugs before treatment. Moreover, there was an increase of GH peak frequency, mean GH peak amplitude and total peak area, even higher than after treatment 2. Plasma SMC levels rose significantly after all treatments, treatment 3 being the most effective in this instance. These data demonstrate that: (1) both a hypothalamic and a pituitary component play a role in the defective GH secretion in old dogs; (2) GH hypofunction is not an irreversible event, since GH secretion may be restored by pharmacological means acting at both the pituitary and the hypothalamic level, and (3) CLO given only once daily was more effective than CLO given twice daily, perhaps due to the property of this drug to down-regulate at high doses hypothalamic α2-adrenoceptors.
Occluder Shadows for Fast Walkthroughs of Urban Environments (1999)

This paper describes a new algorithm that employs image‐based rendering for fast occlusion culling in complex urban environments. It exploits graphics hardware to render and automatically combine a relatively large set of occluders. The algorithm is fast to calculate and therefore also useful for scenes of moderate complexity and walkthroughs with over 20 frames per second. Occlusion is calculated dynamically and does not rely on any visibility precalculation or occluder preselection. Speed‐ups of one order of magnitude can be obtained.
Reactions of 2-acyloxyisobutyryl halides with nucleosides. III. Reactions of tubercidin and formycin (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of 2-acyloxyisobutyryl halides with nucleosides. III. Reactions of tubercidin and formycinTikam C. Jain, Alan F. Russell, and John G. MoffattCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1973, 38, 18, 3179–3186Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00958a023https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00958a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views131Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Spatial Transformation of Motion and Deformation Fields Using Nonrigid Registration (2004)

In this paper, we present a technique that can be used to transform the motion or deformation fields defined in the coordinate system of one subject into the coordinate system of another subject. Such a transformation accounts for the differences in the coordinate systems of the two subjects due to misalignment and size/shape variation, enabling the motion or deformation of each of the subjects to be directly quantitatively and qualitatively compared. The field transformation is performed by using a nonrigid registration algorithm to determine the intersubject coordinate system mapping from the first subject to the second subject. This fixes the relationship between the coordinate systems of the two subjects, and allows us to recover the deformation/motion vectors of the second subject for each corresponding point in the first subject. Since these vectors are still aligned with the coordinate system of the second subject, the inverse of the intersubject coordinate mapping is required to transform these vectors into the coordinate system of the first subject, and we approximate this inverse using a numerical line integral method. The accuracy of our numerical inversion technique is demonstrated using a synthetic example, after which we present applications of our method to sequences of cardiac and brain images.
Quaternion-based fusion of gyroscopes and accelerometers to improve 3D angle measurement (2006)

Two methods to fuse a 3D gyroscope with a 3D accelerometer in order to measure rotations are presented. They are compared with a method requiring only a 3D gyroscope and assessed with a reference system. The good reported accuracies make this system suitable for clinical evaluation.
Design of a radiation-balanced fiber laser via optically active composite cladding materials (2019)

Although the output power of commercial fiber lasers has been reported to exceed 500 kW, the heat generated within fiber gain-media has limited the generation of higher laser powers due to thermal lensing and melting of the gain-media at high temperatures. Radiation-balanced fiber lasers promise to mitigate detrimental thermal effects within fiber gain-media based on using upconverted, anti-Stokes photoluminescence to extract heat from the optical fiber’s core. In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate that Yb(III) ions within $ {\text{YLiF}_4} $YLiF4 (YLF) microcrystals are capable of cooling the cladding of optical fibers. We also present a design for radiation-balanced fiber lasers using a composite fiber cladding material that incorporates YLF nanocrystals as the active photonic heat engine. YLF crystals have the potential to form composite cladding materials to mitigate thermal gradients within the core and cladding based on anti-Stokes photoluminescence. Analytical models of heat transfer within the fiber are presented where the electric-field amplitude within the fiber core is responsible for both the heating of the core and the excitation of Yb(III) ions for anti-Stokes laser refrigeration in the cladding.
Raman microspectroscopy study of processing-induced phase transformations and residual stress in silicon (1999)

Raman spectroscopy was used for analysis of phase transformations and residual stress in machined silicon. Wear debris from dicing of silicon was scanned with a Raman spectrometer. Recorded spectra manifest the presence of amorphous Si, hexagonal phase (Si-IV), bc8 phase (Si-III) and pristine Si-I under residual stress. On surfaces of diced wafers as well as lapped silicon wafers, the r8 phase (Si-XII) was detected in addition to the above phases. The composition of phases in diced cross sections of silicon wafers differs dramatically between high and low speed cuts. The quantification of these phases was attempted by curve fitting each spectrum with corresponding peaks of each phase. Subsequently, relative intensity maps of specific phases were generated. Thus, Raman spectroscopy studies of machined surfaces demonstrated metallization of Si under a variety of machining conditions including lapping, grinding, scratching, dicing and slicing. All metastable phases of silicon disappear after etching and polishing of respective wafers. No evidence of phase transformations was found on a quartz-damaged silicon wafer surface. Residual stress having a characteristic distribution was observed in this case.
Antisense Transcription in the Mammalian Transcriptome (2005)

Antisense transcription (transcription from the opposite strand to a protein-coding or sense strand) has been ascribed roles in gene regulation involving degradation of the corresponding sense transcripts (RNA interference), as well as gene silencing at the chromatin level. Global transcriptome analysis provides evidence that a large proportion of the genome can produce transcripts from both strands, and that antisense transcripts commonly link neighboring "genes" in complex loci into chains of linked transcriptional units. Expression profiling reveals frequent concordant regulation of sense/antisense pairs. We present experimental evidence that perturbation of an antisense RNA can alter the expression of sense messenger RNAs, suggesting that antisense transcription contributes to control of transcriptional outputs in mammals.
Expression patterns of vHNF1 and HNF1 homeoproteins in early postimplantation embryos suggest distinct and sequential developmental roles (1992)

The homeoproteins HNF1 (LFB1/HNF1-A) and vHNF1 (LFB3/HNF1 beta) interact with an essential control element of a group of liver-specific genes. During development, these putative target genes are initially expressed in the visceral endoderm of the yolk sac and subsequently in fetal liver. To assess the possible involvement of HNF1 and/or vHNF1 as transcriptional regulators in the early steps of visceral endoderm differentiation, we have analyzed the expression pattern of both factors both in vitro during differentiation of murine F9 embryonal carcinoma cells and in vivo during early postimplantation mouse development. We show here that differentiation of F9 cells into either visceral or parietal endoderm is accompanied by a sharp induction in vHNF1 mRNA and protein. By contrast, only low levels of aberrantly sized HNF1 transcripts, but not DNA-binding protein, are found in F9 cells and its differentiated derivatives. At 6-7.5 days of gestation, high levels of vHNF1 mRNA are present in the visceral extraembryonic endoderm, which co-localize with transcripts of the transthyretin gene. HNF1 transcripts are first detected in the yolk sac roughly two embryonic days later, after the developmental onset of transcription of target genes. As development proceeds, discrepancies are observed between the level of transcripts of both vHNF1 and HNF1 and their respective nuclear binding proteins, notably in the yolk sac and embryonic kidney. In addition, we show that two alternative spliced isoforms of vHNF1 mRNA, vHNF-A and vHNF1-B, are expressed in both embryonic and adult tissues. Taken together, these data suggest that vHNF1 participates as a regulatory factor in the initial transcriptional activation of the target genes in the visceral endoderm of the yolk sac, whereas the later appearance of HNF1 could be required for maintenance of their expression. Our results also provide evidence of a posttranscriptional level of control of vHNF1 and HNF1 gene expression during development, in addition to the spatial restriction in transcription.
Optical resolution through a turbulent medium with adaptive phase compensations* (1977)

The theory of short-term average modulation transfer function developed by Fried is extended by considering the correlation between the turbulence-induced phase distortion and the residual phase aberrations after adaptive phase compensations. Calculation of the optical resolution shows that the original approximation is valid for the normalized lens diameter D/r0 less than 4.0; conversely, for D/r0 greater than 4.0 the optical resolution becomes arbitrarily large because the MTF is unrealistically overcorrected at high spatial frequencies. The extended formulation is then applied to the cases with higher-order phase compensations such as focus and astigmatism. The peak optical resolution occurs at larger values of D/r0 when the higher-order corrections are included.
Bioavailability of oral magnesium supplementation in female students evaluated from elimination of magnesium in 24-hour urine. (1990)

The bioavailability of Mg from different preparations after oral intake has been evaluated by measuring the Mg elimination in 24-hour urine during placebo and treatment periods in 18 normal female students receiving 15-20.6 mmol/day. The urine elimination was increased 0.9-1.3 mmol/24 h by (a) tablets containing Mg citrate/Mg lactate 5 mmol three times a day; (b) tablets containing Mg citrate/Mg lactate and Mg hydroxide, 5 mmol three times a day; (c) tablets containing Mg hydroxide (Emgesan 10.3 mmol) twice a day; (d) solutions with Mg chloride (0.5 mmol/ml) 10 ml three times a day. There was no statistical difference in urine elimination after intake of the different preparations. The differences in Mg elimination/24 h discriminated between control and treatment groups just as well as or better than differences calculated on the basis of Mg/creatinine ratios.
Functional regeneration of severed peripheral nerve using an implantable electrical stimulator (2010)

This paper presents functional regeneration of severed peripheral nerve using a polymer-based implantable electrical stimulator. A polyimide based conduit electrode was made by micro-fabrication and a stimulation chip was designed to generate biphasic current pulse for electrical stimulation. The stimulation chip was packaged with a battery using silicone elastomer, and integrated with the electrode. The implantable electrical stimulator was implanted in the rat sciatic nerve with 7 mm gap. The electrical stimulation was applied for periods of one, two and four weeks between the proximal and the distal nerve stumps. After four weeks of post-operations, the degree of regeneration was evaluated through walking track assessments and by measuring neural response of the regenerated nerve. Based on these results, electrical stimulation, especially for two weeks of stimulation, could accelerate functional regeneration of the severed nerve.
Positive Psychology and Hope as Lifestyle Medicine Modalities in the Therapeutic Encounter: A Narrative Review (2020)

The majority of deaths in the United States are attributable to lifestyle-associated chronic diseases. Therapeutic encounters must now routinely address lifestyle-related behavior changes and promote patients' active involvement in self-care and chronic disease management. Positive psychology has been recognized in the realm of lifestyle medicine for its potential applications in effecting patient behavior change. One notable framework within positive psychology that is well suited for facilitating specific behavior changes is hope theory, which can be used to elicit change talk and build agency among patients with chronic diseases. This review explores key literature in positive psychology and hope theory and its practical applications to direct patient care, which includes an illustrative case study. There are still many unexplored intersections of health-related variables and hope. The cognitive framework of hope theory lends itself well to a broad range of situations, including brief ambulatory encounters. Clinicians will be instrumental in increasing our understanding of how hope theory can be applied to the therapeutic encounter. There are simple and efficient ways to innovate in this area. Having information about a patient's hope has the potential to make empathic connections easier and create opportunities to ask specific questions to help patients overcome barriers.
A review on emotion recognition using speech (2017)

Emotion recognition or affect detection from speech is an old and challenging problem in the field of artificial intelligence. Many significant research works have been done on emotion recognition. In this paper, the recent works on affect detection using speech and different issues related to affect detection has been presented. The primary challenges of emotion recognition are choosing the emotion recognition corpora (speech database), identification of different features related to speech and an appropriate choice of a classification model. Different types of methods to collect emotional speech data and issues related to them are covered by this presentation along with the previous works review. Literature survey on different features used for recognizing emotion from human speech has been discussed. The significance of various classification models has been presented along with some recent research works review. A detailed description of a prime feature extraction technique named Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficient (MFCC) and brief description of the working principle of some classification models are also discussed here. In this paper terms like affect detection and emotion recognition are used interchangeably.
Preparation and Properties of Amorphous Boron Nitride Films by Molecular Flow Chemical Vapor Deposition (1985)

A new chemical vapor deposition method of thin film in molecular flow region (MF‐CVD) is proposed, and is applied to the preparation of boron nitride films using ammonia and decaborane reaction gases. It is found that the composition of the films can be closely controlled by regulating the pressure of source gases and stoichiometric boron nitride films deposited at at the substrate temperature of 850°C. From the chemical shift of boron peak in the x‐ray fluorescence spectra, the films having the composition are mixture of boron and boron nitride. X‐ray diffraction study indicates that the films are amorphous. The optical properties of the boron nitride films are also clarified. The energy of the direct allowed transition is estimated to be 5.90 eV.
Synthesis of Spherical Core-Shell Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub>-Ni<sub>½</sub>Mn<sub>½</sub>(OH)<sub>2</sub>Particles via a Continuously Stirred Tank Reactor (2014)

Core-shell particles of Ni(OH)2 (core, 80 mol%) and Ni½Mn½(OH)2 (shell, 20 mol%) were synthesized using a continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR). This hydroxide core-shell material can be used as a precursor to LiNiO2-LiNi½Mn½O2 core-shell materials, a possible positive electrode material for lithium ion batteries. The reaction was completed with different synthesis conditions to improve the in-situ coating of Ni(OH)2 particles with a shell of Ni½Mn½(OH)2. Spherical and dense particles of Ni(OH)2 with a closed coating of Ni½Mn½(OH)2 were synthesized. It was determined that the pH and stirring rate of the reaction must be altered when switching from the core to the shell to produce an optimum shell coating. Without changing reaction conditions some of the shell materials form new particles instead of coating existing particles. The shell and core compositions were verified with powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and ICP-OES elemental analysis.
Quantitative Analysis and Comparison of Endpoint Detection Based on Multiple Wavelength Analysis (2002)

Traditional methods of endpoint... In this paper we show that with the proper use of CCD-array based optical emission spectrometers, multi-wavelength endpoint detection can improve the endpoint detection sensitivity by a factor of 5-6 over the traditional single wavelength methods. A quantitative method for determining endpoint detection sensitivities of various algorithms using signal-to-noise ratio is developed. A new multi-wavelength method for &amp;quot;optimal&amp;quot; improvement in sensitivity is developed that uses prior knowledge of endpoint for improved sensitivity. This method called the MSN statistic is compared and found to give superior sensitivity to other multi-wavelength algorithms commonly used in commercial products and to the traditional single wavelength method. Noise sources...
Tristetraprolin suppresses the EMT through the down-regulation of Twist1 and Snail1 in cancer cells (2016)

Inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-inducing transcription factors Twist and Snail prevents tumor metastasis but enhances metastatic growth. Here, we report an unexpected role of a tumor suppressor tristetraprolin (TTP) in inhibiting Twist and Snail without enhancing cellular proliferation. TTP bound to the AU-rich element (ARE) within the mRNA 3'UTRs of Twist1 and Snail1, enhanced the decay of their mRNAs and inhibited the EMT of cancer cells. The ectopic expression of Twist1 or Snail1 without their 3'UTRs blocked the inhibitory effects of TTP on the EMT. We also observed that TTP overexpression suppressed the growth of cancer cells. Our data propose a new model whereby TTP down-regulates Twist1 and Snail1 and inhibits both the EMT and the proliferation of cancer cells.