gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adjuvants for Plasmid DNA Vaccines (2003)

In the late 1980s, Jon Wolff of the University of Wisconsin and Phil Felgner here at Vical were screening cationic lipids for their ability to encapsulate and deliver purified plasmid DNA into mouse tissues. They discovered that direct injection of lipid-DNA complexes into muscle resulted in measurable protein expression. A belated control experiment without lipid led to the serendipitous discovery that "naked" plasmid DNA was taken up and expressed in muscle to a greater extent than DNA-lipid complexes (1). This key observation led to the demonstration that i.m. injection in mice of a standard 50 μg of plasmid DNA encoding a reporter gene becomes readily expressed exclusively in myofiber cells at 180 pg of gene product per muscle (2). More recently, plasmid DNA expression vectors were improved such that an average of 300 ng of gene product could be produced from single intramuscular (i.m.) injections of plasmid DNA, and up to 40 μg of gene product could be produced after multiple injections (3 and J. Hartikka, unpublished observations).
[Identification of serotonin receptors in several grape snail neurons]. (1978)

Four types of unit responses to iontophoretical serotonin (5-hydroxytrytamine) application were obtained on the ventral surface of the visceral ganglion in the hibernating Helix pomatia. The responses differed in sign, duration, latent period, reaction to serotonin antagonists (d-tubocurarine, tryptamine, neostigmine). It seems that every type of unit response to serotonin is associated with a definite type of serotonin receptors. A scheme of serotonin receptor distribution in the studied neurons is presented.
Isolation and Characterization of a New Ribosomal Protein from the Thermophilic Eubacteria,<i>Thermus thermophilus, T. aquaticus</i>and<i>T. flavus</i> (1993)

A ribosomal protein, showing no homology with other known prokaryotic ribosomal proteins, was isolated and characterized from the thermophilic eubacteria, Thermus thermophilus, T. aquaticus and T. flavus. This small (26 amino acids) and strongly basic (1 acidic and 13 basic residues) protein displayed the same primary structure from all three sources. Interestingly, it shows about 65% homology with a ribosomal protein from spinach chloroplasts (J. Schmidt, personal communication).
Molecular and physiological alterations in murine ventricular dysfunction. (1994)

The present study reports the development and characterization of a murine model of right ventricular dysfunction following graded constriction in the pulmonary artery via microsurgical approaches. To analyze in vivo ventricular function, a technique of x-ray contrast microangiography was developed to allow the quantitative analysis of ventricular volumes and of ejection fraction in normal and pressure-overloaded right ventricle. Severe, chronic pulmonary arterial banding for 14 days resulted in right ventricular dilatation and dysfunction, associated with right atrial enlargement, and angiographic evidence of tricuspid regurgitation. These effects were dependent on the extent of hemodynamic overload, since more moderate pulmonary arterial constriction resulted in hypertrophy with maintenance of right ventricular function. With severe pulmonary artery constriction, the murine right ventricle displays a failing heart phenotype including chamber dilation with reduced function that resembles right ventricular dysfunction in man during chronic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Northern and immunoblot analyses demonstrate a marked down-regulation of phospholamban mRNA and its corresponding protein with both levels of constriction, while a less pronounced but significant depression of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase protein was observed with severe overload, suggesting that this pattern is an early genetic marker of ventricular dysfunction. By coupling mouse genetics with this murine model and the ability to assess cardiac function in vivo, one should be able to test the role of the down-regulation of phospholamban and other defined alterations in the cardiac muscle gene program in the onset of the failing heart phenotype.
Tumors undergoing rejection induced by monoclonal antibodies of the IgG2a isotype contain increased numbers of macrophages activated for a distinctive form of antibody-dependent cytolysis. (1984)

Monoclonal antibodies of the IgG2a isotype specifically inhibit the growth of human tumors in nude mice; tumors in mice given no antibody, an antibody of the IgG2a isotype that does bind to the tumor cells, or an antibody of the IgG2b isotype grow progressively. In the present work it is demonstrated that tumors of mice given the IgG2a antibody are essentially masses of necrosis, while tumors from the control mice are sheets of healthy tumor cells. Tumors of the treated mice, in comparison to controls, contain an increased number of macrophages, and these macrophages are activated for a distinct form of cytolysis dependent on antibodies of the IgG2a isotype. The data suggest that changes in the number and function of intratumoral macrophages are a major component of tumor destruction mediated by IgG2a antibodies.
Synthesen der enantiomeren Aleuriaxanthine. Nachweis eines vorherrschenden (<i>Z</i>)‐Aleuriaxanthins in <i>Aleuria</i> (1983)

Syntheses of the Enantiomeric Aleuriaxanthins. Detection of a Predominant ( Z )‐Aleuriaxanthin in Aleuria The enantiomeric C 10 ‐building blocks 9 ((+)‐(2 E , 6 R)‐6, 7‐dihydroxy‐3, 7‐di methyl‐2‐octen‐l‐yl acetate) and ent ‐ 9 , and 11 ((+)‐(2 E , 6 R )‐3, 7‐dimethyl‐2, 7‐octadien‐l, 6‐diyl diacetate) and ent ‐ 11 , prepared from the optically active epoxy‐geraniols 7 and ent ‐ 7 , respectively, have been used for the syntheses of (2′ R )‐aleuriaxanthin ( 1 ) and (2′ S )‐aleuriaxanthin ( ent ‐ 1 ). At room temperature aleuriaxanthin exhibits no significant CD. nor ORD. However, at −180° a very distinct CD. was observed, which in the UV. range showed a surprising resemblance to that of (3 R , 3′ R )‐zeaxanthin. By direct comparison of 1 with aleuriaxanthin isolated from Aleuria aurantia [2], the (2′ R )‐chirality assigned to the latter by Liaaen‐Jensen et al. [5] is confirmed. HPLC. separation of the mixture of carotenoids from Aleuria shows the presence of a predominant ( Z )‐aleuriaxanthin of yet undetermined structure.
Dactylitis in Psoriatic Arthritis: Prevalence and Response to Therapy in the Biologic Era (2013)

The prevalence of dactylitis on at least 1 visit was 39%. Treatment was associated with improvement of dactylitis. Patients treated with biologics had better response to treatment compared with those treated with nonbiologic DMARD alone.
BIOCHEMICAL NUTRITIONAL PROFILE OF LIVER CIRRHOSIS PATIENTS WITH HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA (2014)

Considering the existence of alterations in the metabolism of nutrients in liver cirrhosis patients with and without hepatocellular carcinoma, and also that conventional nutritional assessment methods present limitations for this population, the biochemical laboratorial exams are valid to complement the diagnosis of the nutritional state in a quick and practical manner.
Gene Replacement With Linear DNA Fragments in Wild-Type <i>Escherichia coli</i>: Enhancement by Chi Sites (1997)

During conjugation and transduction of Escherichia coli even numbers of recombinational exchanges are required for replacement of a gene on the circular chromosome. We studied gene replacement using a related method of gene transfer (transformation with 6.5-kb linear DNA fragments) as an experimental model for conjugation and transduction. Two properly situated Chi sites, 5' GCTGGTGG 3', stimulated gene replacement approximately 50-fold, more than the sum of the stimulation by the individual Chi sites. Gene replacement was dependent on RecA and RecB functions. Similar results were obtained with an alternative experimental model in which linear DNA fragments were generated from phage lambda by intracellular EcoRI restriction following infection. Dual Chi site-stimulation of these RecA-, RecB-dependent recombination events thus did not depend upon the mode of delivery of the linear DNA into the cells. A single DNA fragment with two Chi sites was sufficient for gene replacement. These results support a one Chi-one exchange hypothesis ("long chunk" gene replacement), stemming from studies with purified RecBCD enzyme, and argue against models in which Chi converts RecBCD enzyme to a state capable of promoting multiple exchanges on one DNA molecule. These results also provide a method for gene targeting in wild-type E. coli and suggest a method for gene targeting in other organisms.
Effect of Nanoparticle Modification on Static and Dynamic Behaviour of Foam Based Blast Energy Absorbers (2016)

The effect of multi-wall carbon nanotubes and nanosilica (nano SiO 2 ) content on physico-mechanical properties of glass microspheres-epoxy resin composite, designed for blast energy absorbing applications, was evaluated experimentally. Specific porous lightweight foam with high volume fraction of microspheres (70 vol.%) was prepared and modified by 1 to 5 vol.% of multi-wall carbon nanotubes and nanosilica. Compressive and flexural strength tests were conducted at quasi-static load. Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar apparatus was used to obtain high velocity characteristics of the materials. The relative absorbed energy was calculated to assess the relation between the composition of the material and its shock wave attenuation capacity. The mixtures containing nanosilica exhibited an increasing trend in the energy absorption capacity with increasing nanoparticle content up to 4 vol.%. The addition of carbon nanotubes also increased absorbed energy (again up to 4 vol.%, a significant drop was observed at higher concentrations). Comparing the values of the relative absorbed energy, the carbon nanotubes composites prevail over the nanosilica modified ones.
The structure of silence between turns in two‐party conversation (1986)

Abstract Turn taking is a fundamental structural feature of social interaction. Three major approaches to describing turn taking have emerged: stochastic, signaling, and sequential‐production models. The first two treat silences between speakers as simple response latencies, whereas the third views silence as generated collaboratively by the parties to the conversation. The simple response‐latency interpretation predicts a distribution of be‐tween‐turn silences that declines monotonically with duration, whereas the sequential‐production model predicts a periodic pattern of peaks and valleys, with an overall decline in the heights of the peaks as duration increases. Analysis of the frequency distributions of durations of silences between speakers in two‐party conversations finds the periodic structure predicted by the sequential‐production model. The finding is interpreted as supporting a view of social interaction as a fundamentally collaborative activity.
Combined spectral envelope normalization and subtraction of sinusoidal components in the ODFT and MDCT frequency domains (2002)

Recent research in high-quality audio coding seeks not only improved coding gains but also new functionalities such as easy semantic access to compressed audio material and audio modification in the compressed domain. These objectives imply the decomposition of the audio signal into several components of specific semantic value, such as sinusoidal components, that take advantage of selective coding and parametrization tools. We presume an MDCT based audio coding environment and present a new technique combining spectral envelope normalization with accurate subtraction of sinusoidal components in the MDCT frequency domain. It is shown how a parametrization of L stationary sinusoids in the complex ODFT spectrum can lead to the effective subtraction, in the real MDCT spectrum, of 3L spectral lines. A demonstration of the implementation of the technique is available on the Internet (see http://www.inescn.pt//spl sim/ajf/waspaa01/flattening.html.).
Map-matching for pedestrians via Bayesian inference (2006)

A navigation process is to start from a known (initial) position and to ensure a continued localisation of the user during the movement. Consider a pedestrian navigation system which contains a GPS receiver and a set of inertial sensors connected with the map database. The problem to solve is to determine the users location using the map database and measurements of the inertial sensors. Indoors the position of each step is determined as a function of the previous position and inertial measurements. Thus the trajectory is defined in a local coordinate system and with an arbitrary orientation. A dedicated motion model transforms the trajectory from set of consecutive points to a polygon. Then we must associate similar details from both data sources, the modified trajectory and the link-node model. The trajectory can be considered as the history of the route and its last point as the actual position of the user. In this research we propose a solution based on statistical methods and map-matching. The determination of the absolute position is entirely represented by its probability density function (PDF) in the frame of Bayesian inference. Following this approach the posterior estimation of the users position can be calculated using prior information and actual measurements. Because of the non-linear nature of the estimation problem, non-linear filtering techniques like particle filters (sequential Monte Carlo methods) are applied.
Excitonic processes in pure and doped (1999)

The optical properties of nominally pure crystals as well as of those of pure and and -doped powders are compared. The emission band peaking at 3.9 eV and the excitation bands in the region 10-10.6 eV observed for and powders are ascribed to the radiative decay of a self-trapped exciton perturbed by an anion vacancy or impurity-vacancy dipole. A -perturbed exciton has been found in .
Kinetics of arm-first star polymers formation in a non-polar solvent (1998)

Star polymer formation by sequential anionic copolymerization of styrene and divinylbenzene in a non-polar solvent (benzene) was re-examined. Kinetic investigations established that the core formation is rather slow. Moreover, once the star molecules have reached their plateau molar mass, their cores still contain residual pendant unsaturations. This result arose from UV spectroscopic determinations, and was checked by sec-butyllithium addition to the star polymer solution. Fractionation experiments confirmed the rather narrow molar mass distribution in star polymer samples obtained by this arm-first process.
Electromyographic Studies on the Vertebral Portion of the Psoas Muscle:<i>With Special Reference to its Stabilizing Function of the Lumbar Spine</i> (1966)

(1966). Electromyographic Studies on the Vertebral Portion of the Psoas Muscle: With Special Reference to its Stabilizing Function of the Lumbar Spine. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica: Vol. 37, No. 2, pp. 177-190.
Transcriptional repression by the Drosophila even-skipped protein: definition of a minimal repression domain. (1993)

We have used a transient expression assay employing Drosophila tissue culture cells to study the transcriptional repression activity of the homeo domain protein Even-skipped (Eve). Eve was found to repress all promoters that contained Eve-binding sites, including both TATA-containing and TATA-lacking minimal promoters, as well as promoters activated by several different classes of activator proteins. These findings suggest that the general transcription machinery can be a target of Eve. By analyzing properties of a variety of Eve mutants and chimeric fusion proteins, we have identified several features important for efficient repression. In addition to the DNA-binding domain, a potent repressor requires a repression domain, which can be as small as 27 residues. The minimal 57-residue Eve repression domain, as well as several others studied here, were all found to be proline rich and to contain a high percentage of hydrophobic residues. An intriguing feature of the strong repressors was that their DNA-binding activities, measured by gel retention assays with nuclear extracts, were significantly less than those of derivatives inactive in repression.
Hypoxia-Independent Upregulation of Placental Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α Gene Expression Contributes to the Pathogenesis of Preeclampsia (2015)

Accumulation of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is commonly an acute and beneficial response to hypoxia, whereas chronically elevated HIF-1α is associated with multiple disease conditions, including preeclampsia, a serious hypertensive disease of pregnancy. However, the molecular basis underlying the persistent elevation of placental HIF-1α in preeclampsia and its role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia are poorly understood. Here we report that Hif-1α mRNA and HIF-1α protein were elevated in the placentas of pregnant mice infused with angiotensin II type I receptor agonistic autoantibody, a pathogenic factor in preeclampsia. Knockdown of placental Hif-1α mRNA by specific siRNA significantly attenuated hallmark features of preeclampsia induced by angiotensin II type I receptor agonistic autoantibody in pregnant mice, including hypertension, proteinuria, kidney damage, impaired placental vasculature, and elevated maternal circulating soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 levels. Next, we discovered that Hif-1α mRNA levels and HIF-1α protein levels were induced in an independent preeclampsia model with infusion of the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 14 (LIGHT). SiRNA knockdown experiments also demonstrated that elevated HIF-1α contributed to LIGHT-induced preeclampsia features. Translational studies with human placentas showed that angiotensin II type I receptor agonistic autoantibody or LIGHT is capable of inducing HIF-1α in a hypoxia-independent manner. Moreover, increased HIF-1α was found to be responsible for angiotensin II type I receptor agonistic autoantibody or LIGHT-induced elevation of Flt-1 gene expression and production of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 in human villous explants. Overall, we demonstrated that hypoxia-independent stimulation of HIF-1α gene expression in the placenta is a common pathogenic mechanism promoting disease progression. Our findings reveal new insight to preeclampsia and highlight novel therapeutic possibilities for the disease.
A new metric-based approach to model selection (1997)

The distribution of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9), on pancreatic carcinomas and associated diseases correlated with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) localization is described. Immunohistochemical examinations were made on pancreatic specimens from 45 patients with pancreatic carcinoma. In normal pancreatic duct, the antigens were restricted to the luminal surface. In some hyperplastic epithelium, however, they were localized not only to the basolateral plasma membranes but also to the cytoplasm. In neoplastic glands, the antigens were distributed over the entire surface of the cells and in the surrounding stroma adjacent to the basal membranes of the malignant cells. The findings were compatible with previous observations of CEA and secretory component (SC) localization in gastric and colonic mucosa. In addition, the staining intensity of CA 19-9 in the routine formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded sections was much superior to that of CEA. The relationship between CA 19-9 and other blood group antigens, such as Lewis a and Lewis b, also was discussed. Localizations of these antigens in pancreatic tissues are useful for the biologic analysis of abnormalities of the pancreatic duct epithelium, and may well facilitate pathologic diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma.
Toward the next generation of NK cell-based adoptive cancer immunotherapy (2013)

The adoptive transfer of interleukin (IL)-2-expanded natural killer (NK) cells has provided unsatisfactory clinical benefits to patients affected by solid tumors. Our study demonstrates that the activation of NK cells with IL-12/IL-15/IL-18 prior to transfer into tumor-bearing mice is critical for obtaining high recovery rates, effector functions in vivo and tumor regression.
Signal tracking and performance monitoring in multi-wavelength optical networks (1996)

We propose and demonstrate a new technique for unambiguous in-service signal tracking in optical networks in which each optical carrier is individually tagged with a unique FSK-modulated pilot tone that can be easily monitored via low-speed detectors.
Chemotherapy and immunotherapy combination in advanced prostate cancer. (2012)

In prostate cancer, there is considerable evidence that tumors promote immune tolerance starting early in the disease. By suppressing tumors and activating immune system homeostatic mechanisms, chemotherapy may help overcome this tumor-induced immune tolerance. As such, chemotherapy may therefore support improved results from novel immune-modulating therapies. Prostate cancer is particularly suited for active immunotherapy because prostate tumor cells express a number of distinctive surface antigens. Sipuleucel-T, which has recently been approved in the United States, is an active immunotherapy that triggers T-cell responses against prostate cancer. An exploratory analysis of phase III trial participants found a substantial survival benefit to receiving docetaxel some months after sipuleucel-T. However, VITAL-2, a phase III trial investigating a prostate cancer therapeutic vaccine plus concurrent docetaxel versus standard docetaxel therapy in advanced prostate cancer, observed lower overall survival with the vaccine regimen. This trial highlights major unresolved questions concerning the optimum choice, dosing, and timing of chemotherapy relative to active immunotherapy. Patient characteristics, prostate cancer disease stage, and treatment history also may influence the response to combined therapy. Advances in biomarker validation and trial design are needed to efficiently investigate these issues.
Protein aggregation complicates the development of baculovirus-expressed African horsesickness virus serotype 5 VP2 subunit vaccines. (1998)

This paper describes the expression of a cloned African horsesickness virus (AHSV) serotype 5 VP2-gene by a baculovirus recombinant that was generated by the BAC-TO-BAC system. Immunization of horses with crude cell lysates containing recombinant baculovirus-expressed AHSV5 VP2 did induce neutralizing antibodies, but afforded only partial protection against virulent virus challenge. Further analysis of partially protective crude cell lysates revealed that baculovirus-expressed AHSV5 VP2 was predominantly present in the form of insoluble aggregates. Only approximately 10% of VP2 was present in a soluble form. Immunization of guinea-pigs with aggregated and soluble forms of AHSV5 VP2 established that only soluble VP2 was capable of inducing neutralizing antibodies. This finding adds a new dimension to the development of AHSV VP2s as subunit vaccines. Further investigation is needed to limit formation of insoluble aggregates and optimize conditions for producing VP2 in a form capable of inducing protective immunity.
Up-regulation of ECT2 is associated with poor prognosis in gastric cancer patients. (2014)

Up-regulation of ECT2 might contribute to the progression of gastric carcinogenesis and may be a useful prognostic indicator in gastric cancer.