gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of three methods for total homocysteine plasma determination. (2001)

Hyperhomocysteinemia is a well established risk factor for atherothrombotic disease, and the request for homocysteine determinations and the number of laboratories that need to perform this assay to assess individual risk profile is increasing. Different methods to evaluate homocysteine plasma levels are at present available. In the present study three methods, an in-house high-pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method (considered as reference method) and two commercial immunoassays, an enzyme-linked immunoassay (EIA) and an automated fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA), were used to measure homocysteine plasma levels in 100 samples. The median of homocysteine plasma levels obtained by HPLC was 9.0 micromol/L (range 4.2-23.0); the median of values obtained by EIA and FPIA were 10.6 micromol/L (range 3.3-21.5) and 9.6 micromol/L (4.8-20.2), respectively. The FPIA method showed the lowest within-run and between-run coefficients of variation (3.6% and 4.1%, respectively). There was a significant correlation between EIA and HPLC (r=0.81; p<0.0001), and between FPIA and HPLC (r=0.85; p<0.0001). The Bland-Altman analysis showed that FPIA agreed best with HPLC; EIA displayed a relatively wide scatter of difference data points. The present results indicate that the technological characteristics of the FPIA assay make this method suitable for the determination of Hcy in clinical laboratories.
In vivo depletion of lung CD11c+ dendritic cells during allergen challenge abrogates the characteristic features of asthma (2005)

Although dendritic cells (DCs) play an important role in sensitization to inhaled allergens, their function in ongoing T helper (Th)2 cell-mediated eosinophilic airway inflammation underlying bronchial asthma is currently unknown. Here, we show in an ovalbumin (OVA)-driven murine asthma model that airway DCs acquire a mature phenotype and interact with CD4(+) T cells within sites of peribronchial and perivascular inflammation. To study whether DCs contributed to inflammation, we depleted DCs from the airways of CD11c-diphtheria toxin (DT) receptor transgenic mice during the OVA aerosol challenge. Airway administration of DT depleted CD11c(+) DCs and alveolar macrophages and abolished the characteristic features of asthma, including eosinophilic inflammation, goblet cell hyperplasia, and bronchial hyperreactivity. In the absence of CD11c(+) cells, endogenous or adoptively transferred CD4(+) Th2 cells did not produce interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13 in response to OVA aerosol. In CD11c-depleted mice, eosinophilic inflammation and Th2 cytokine secretion were restored by adoptive transfer of CD11c(+) DCs, but not alveolar macrophages. These findings identify lung DCs as key proinflammatory cells that are necessary and sufficient for Th2 cell stimulation during ongoing airway inflammation.
In Vivo Targeting of Antigens to Human Dendritic Cells Through DC-SIGN Elicits Stimulatory Immune Responses and Inhibits Tumor Growth in Grafted Mouse Models (2007)

Multiple cancer vaccine trials have been carried out using ex vivo generated autologous dendritic cells (DCs) loaded with tumor antigen before readministration into patients. Though promising, overall immunologic potency and clinical efficacy might be improved with more efficient DC-based therapies that avoid ex vivo manipulations, but are instead based on in vivo targeting of DCs. For initial in vivo proof of concept studies, we evaluated targeting of proteins or peptides to DCs through DC-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN). Because the biology of DC-SIGN is different between mice and humans, we assess human DC-SIGN targeting in the setting of elements of a human immune system in a mouse model. Administration of anti-DC-SIGN antibodies carrying either tetanus toxoid peptides or keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) to Rag2gammaC mice reconstituted with human immune cells raised stimulatory human T-cell responses to the respective antigen without additional adjuvant requirements. Furthermore, administration of anti-DC-SIGN antibody-KLH conjugate enhanced the adjuvant properties of KLH resulting in inhibition of RAJI (Human Burkitt's Lymphoma Cell Line) cell tumor growth in Nonobese Diabetic/Severe Combined Immunodeficient mice transplanted with human immune cells. Thus, mouse models reconstituted with human immune cells seem to be suitable for evaluating DC-targeted vaccines, and furthermore, targeting to DCs in situ via DC-SIGN may provide a promising vaccine platform for inducing strong immune responses against cancer and infectious disease agents.
Stability and improved circuit modeling considerations for high power MMIC amplifiers (2003)

The cluster-matching approach for large-periphery power FETs brings with it certain problems including more complex circuitry and additional modes of possible oscillations. Solutions to these problems are offered including an analysis of the modes along with methods of suppression and improved circuit modeling. These solutions were implemented in the design of a two-stage, 1.6-W monolithic power amplifier which is also discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A proapoptotic caspase recruitment domain protein gene, TMS1, is hypermethylated in human breast and gastric cancers. (2003)

These results suggest a direct role for aberrant methylation of the TMS1 gene in the progression of breast and gastric cancer involving down-regulation of the proapoptotic TMS1 gene.
Laws of Seeing (2006)

This classic work in vision science, written by a leading figure in Germany's Gestalt movement in psychology and first published in 1936, addresses topics that remain of major interest to vision researchers today. Wolfgang Metzger's main argument, drawn from Gestalt theory, is that the objects we perceive in visual experience are not the objects themselves but perceptual effigies of those objects constructed by our brain according to natural rules. Gestalt concepts are currently being increasingly integrated into mainstream neuroscience by researchers proposing network processing beyond the classical receptive field. Metzger's discussion of such topics as ambiguous figures, hidden forms, camouflage, shadows and depth, and three-dimensional representations in paintings will interest anyone working in the field of vision and perception, including psychologists, biologists, neurophysiologists, and researchers in computational vision -- and artists, designers, and philosophers. Each chapter is accompanied by compelling visual demonstrations of the phenomena described; the book includes 194 illustrations, drawn from visual science, art, and everyday experience, that invite readers to verify Metzger's observations for themselves. Today's researchers may find themselves pondering the intriguing question of what effect Metzger's theories might have had on vision research if Laws of Seeing and its treasure trove of perceptual observations had been available to the English-speaking world at the time of its writing.
Bisacylphosphane oxides as photo-latent cytotoxic agents and potential photo-latent anticancer drugs (2019)

Bisacylphosphane oxides (BAPOs) are established as photoinitiators for industrial applications. Light irradiation leads to their photolysis, producing radicals. Radical species induce oxidative stress in cells and may cause cell death. Hence, BAPOs may be suitable as photolatent cytotoxic agents, but such applications have not been investigated yet. Herein, we describe for the first time a potential use of BAPOs as drugs for photolatent therapy. We show that treatment of the breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 and of breast epithelial cells MCF-10A with BAPOs and UV irradiation induces apoptosis. Cells just subjected to BAPOs or UV irradiation alone are not affected. The induction of apoptosis depend on the BAPO and the irradiation dose. We proved that radicals are the active species since cells are rescued by an antioxidant. Finally, an optimized BAPO-derivative was designed which enters the cells more efficiently and thus leads to stronger effects at lower doses.
A population-based study of tumor gene expression and risk of breast cancer death among lymph node-negative patients (2006)

In this large, population-based study of lymph node-negative patients not treated with chemotherapy, the Recurrence Score was strongly associated with risk of breast cancer death among ER-positive, tamoxifen-treated and -untreated patients.
Living and Block Copolymerization of Ethylene and α-Olefins Using Palladium(II)−α-Diimine Catalysts (2003)

Living polymerizations of ethylene with palladium(II) diimine complexes coupled with use of a functionalized initiator and/or cleavage of the palladium−polymer bond with various reagents provides a protocol for synthesis of mono- and di-end-functionalized, branched, amorphous polyethylenes. The functional initiator used is the chelate complex (Ar = 2,6-(iPr)2C6H3) (3). The alkyl chain is cleaved by insertion of alkyl acrylates or methyl vinyl ketone, followed by cleavage with Et3SiH to generate alkyl ester or methyl ketone end groups, respectively. Insertion of 5-hexen-1-ol, followed by chain running and β-elimination, results in formation of aldehyde end groups. Conditions for living polymerization of propylene, 1-hexene, and 1-octadecene have also been established. Rates of first monomer insertion and subsequent chain growth are shown to be a sensitive function of the palladium complex used for initiation and the nature and concentration of auxiliary nitrile ligands. Block copolymers of ethylene and 1-octadecene were prepared under living conditions. The copolymer microstructure differed depending on the order of introduction of the blocks.
Common antigenic determinants on human melanoma, glioma, neuroblastoma, and sarcoma cells defined with monoclonal antibodies. (1981)

Antigenic determinants that are common to melanomas, gliomas, neuroblastomas, and sarcomas but that are minimally or not detectably expressed by adult tissues were defined with monoclonal antibodies. Quantitative absorption of monoclonal antibody (Ab 165) with adult tissues followed by testing on antigen-positive UCLA-SO-M14 melanoma cells did not demonstrate antigenic determinant (Ag 165) in brain, lung, liver, kidney, intestine, adrenal, and muscle, Absorption of Ab 376 demonstrated Ag 376 in adult lung but minimal or no antigen in other tissues. Both antigens were associated with a variety of fetal tissues. Assessment of 28 human tumor cell lines with the 131I-staphylococcal Protein A-binding test demonstrated that Ab 165 reacted strongly with melanomas and gliomas and weakly with sarcomas. Ab 376 reacted strongly with melanomas, gliomas, neuroblastomas, and sarcomas. Neither of these antibodies reacted appreciably with carcinoma or teratoma cell lines. Absorption of Ab 165 and Ab 376 with noncultured tumors demonstrated that melanomas, sarcomas, and neuroblastomas can have greater quantities of these antigens in vivo than do normal adult tissues. Qualitative and quantitative antigenic heterogeneity within positive classes of tumors was demonstrated for both cultured and noncultured tumors. The differences in antigen expression in vivo between normal and neoplastic cells suggest potential value for these antibodies in immunodiagnosis and possibly immunotherapy.
Lepidium meyenii (Maca) improved semen parameters in adult men. (2001)

Maca improved sperm production and sperm motility by mechanisms not related to LH, FSH, PRL, T and E2.
Sequence Analysis of Tn <i>phoA</i> Insertion Sites in <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> Mutants Defective in Rugose Polysaccharide Production (2000)

Vibrio cholerae can switch from a smooth to a wrinkled or rugose colony phenotype characterized by the secretion of a polysaccharide that enables the bacteria to survive harsh environmental conditions. In order to understand the genetic basis of rugosity, we isolated TnphoA-induced stable, smooth mutants of two O1 El Tor rugose strains and mapped the insertion sites in several of the mutants using a modified Y-adapter PCR technique. One of the TnphoA insertions was mapped to the first gene of the vps region that was previously shown to encode the rugose polysaccharide biosynthesis cluster. Three insertions were mapped to a previously unknown hlyA-like gene, also in the vps region. Five other insertions were found in loci unlinked to the vps region: (i) in the epsD gene (encodes the "secretin" of the extracellular protein secretion apparatus), (ii) in a hydG-like gene (encodes a sigma(54)-dependent transcriptional activator similar to HydG involved in labile hydrogenase production in Escherichia coli, (iii) in a gene encoding malic acid transport protein upstream of a gene similar to yeiE of E. coli (encodes a protein with similarities to LysR-type transcriptional activators), (iv) in dxr (encodes 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase), and (v) in the intergenic region of lpd and odp (encode enzymes involved in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex formation). These data suggest the involvement of a complex regulatory network in rugose polysaccharide production and highlight the general utility of the Y-adapter PCR technique described here for rapid mapping of transposon insertion sites.
Dynamic Interactions Between Musical, Cardiovascular, and Cerebral Rhythms in Humans (2009)

Music emphasis and rhythmic phrases are tracked consistently by physiological variables. Autonomic responses are synchronized with music, which might therefore convey emotions through autonomic arousal during crescendos or rhythmic phrases.
Using saddle points for subpixel feature detection in camera calibration targets (2003)

The determination of reliable features with subpixel accuracy is an important requirement of any camera calibration algorithm. This paper offers a simple and computationally attractive method for extracting X-junctions with subpixel precision from images of calibration checkerboards by showing how the saddle points associated with them can be determined without any surface fitting required by standard feature detection algorithms.
Preliminary single agent activity of IMGN853, a folate receptor alpha (FRα)-targeting antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), in platinum-resistant epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients (pts): Phase I trial. (2015)

5518 Background: IMGN853 (mirvetuximab soravtansine) is a FRα-targeting ADC that comprises a FRα-binding antibody conjugated with the potent maytansinoid, DM4. Methods: This phase I trial evaluates the safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and anti-tumor activity of IMGN853 in pts with FRα-positive solid tumors. A recommended phase II dose (RP2D) of 6.0 mg/kg, administered once every three weeks using adjusted ideal body weight was established in the dose-finding phase. Preliminary evidence of antitumor activity is being investigated at the RP2D in disease-specific cohorts of pts with platinum-resistant EOC and relapsed/refractory endometrial carcinoma. Here we report preliminary clinical activity (partial PR or complete CR response, CA125 response, SD ≥ 6 cycles) at the RP2D in pts with platinum-resistant EOC. Results: To date, 14 platinum-resistant EOC pts have been treated at the RP2D: 2 in dose escalation; 12 in the expansion cohort. All pts were heavily pretreated (mean: 4.5; range 2-12 prior treatments), all had prior taxane exposure, and all had progressed on their most recent regimen. All pts had FRα-positive tumor expression by IHC in archival tissue. Clinical benefit was observed in 5 /10 evaluable patients (4 have not reached 1st assessment): 4 PRs and 1 confirmed CA125 response, for an objective response rate (ORR) of 40% and clinical benefit rate (CBR) of 50%. In each pt with a PR, tumor regression had begun early on treatment (cycle 2 evaluation). Shrinkage of visceral metastases was seen: a PR pt had a 45% reduction in a 5 cm liver mass. One additional pt had an unconventional response: the disappearance of a non-target lesion with development of new lesions. The majority of adverse events (AEs) were CTCAE grade 1 or 2, with diarrhea, ocular events, cough, fatigue, decreased appetite, neuropathy and nausea reported in > 20 % of pts. Nine of the 14 pts remain on study; enrollment continues. Conclusions: IMGN853 demonstrates promising preliminary clinical activity with an ORR of 40% and CBR of 50%, in heavily pretreated platinum-resistant ovarian cancer pts with a manageable AE profile. Clinical trial information: NCT01609556.
Detecting Anomalies Using End-to-End Path Measurements (2008)

In this paper, we propose new "low-overhead" network monitoring techniques to detect violations of path-level QoS guarantees like end-to-end delay, loss, etc. Unlike existing path monitoring schemes, our approach does not calculate QoS parameters for all paths. Instead, it monitors QoS values for only a few paths, and exploits the fact that path anomalies are rare and anomalous states are well separated from normal operation, to rule out path QoS violations in most situations. We propose a heuristic to select a small subset of network paths to monitor while ensuring that no QoS violations are missed. Experiments with an ISP topology from the Rocketfuel data set show that our heuristic can deliver almost a 50% decrease in monitoring overhead compared to previous schemes.
Preparation of Pb(Zr,Ti)O<sub>3</sub> Thick Film Using a Mixture of Highly Concentrated Sol and Nanopowder Dispersed in Nitric Acid (2007)

A micrometer-thick, dense, and crack-free Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) film was fabricated by a single spin coating using a sol–powder composite solution. A transparent PZT powder solution was prepared using dilute nitric acid (HNO3) as a solvent. Ball milling of the nanosized PZT powder with dilute nitric acid produced a transparent powder-dispersed solution with a concentration higher than 0.4 M. The composite solution was prepared by adding nano sized PZT powder partially dissolved in dilute nitric acid to a highly concentrated (>1.0 M), acetic-acid-based PZT sol modified with 1,3-propanediol and polyvinylpyrrolidone. The remanent polarization, coercive field, and relative dielectric constant of the ∼1.0-µm-thick, single-coated PZT film were 22.6 µC/cm2, 53.6 kV/cm, and 885, respectively, which are comparable to the values obtained from a film of the same thickness prepared by a conventional multi coating method using low-viscosity PZT sol. On the other hand, the PZT film made using sol without a powder solution showed a poor remanent polarization, coercive field, and relative dielectric constant of 6.81 µC/cm2, 86.1 kV/cm, and 144, respectively.
A modelling analysis of the effects of climatic warming on the probability of spring frost damage to tree species in The Netherlands and Germany (1994)

ABSTRACT Two studies presented in the literature ( Murray, Canned &amp; Smith 1989 ; Hanninen 1991 ) evaluate the effect of increasing winter temperature on the probability of spring frost damage to trees, but yield contradictory results. It is unclear whether the disparity can be ascribed to the fact that different models were used, or is the result of different climatic warming scenarios being used, or is because the tree species at the different locations do indeed respond differently to warmer winters. To evaluate the effects of climatic warming to tree species in The Netherlands and in Germany, both models were fitted to long series of observations on the date of leaf unfolding of eleven tree species. The impact of the two scenarios (uniformly and non‐uniformly changing winter temperature) on the date of leaf unfolding and on the probability of freezing temperature around that date was evaluated. To test the importance of adaptation to local climate, hypothetical provenance transfers were analysed. It was concluded that, for tree species in The Netherlands and Germany, the probability of spring frost damage will decrease. The contradictory results found in the literature could be ascribed to differences between provenances adapted to their local climate, and is not because different models and different climatic warming scenarios were used in these studies.
The Immunodominant, Ld-Restricted T Cell Response to Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) Efficiently Suppresses T Cell Priming to Multiple Dd-, Kd-, and Kb-Restricted HBsAg Epitopes (2002)

MHC-I-restricted CTL responses of H-2(d) (L(d+) or L(d-)) and F(1) H-2(dxb) mice to hepatitis B surface Ag (HBsAg) are primed by either DNA vaccines or HBsAg particles. The D(d)/S(201-209) and K(d)/S(199-208) epitopes are generated by processing endogenous HBsAg; the K(b)/S(208-215) epitope is generated by processing exogenous HBsAg; and the L(d)/S(28-39) epitope is generated by exogenous as well as endogenous processing of HBsAg. DNA vaccination primed high numbers of CTL specific for the L(d)/S(28-39) HBsAg epitope, low numbers of CTL specific for the D(d)/S(201-209) or K(d)/S(199-208) HBsAg epitopes in BALB/c mice, and high numbers of D(d)/S(201-209)- and K(d)/S(199-208)-specific CTL in congenic H-2(d)/L(d-) dm2 mice. In F(1)(dxb) mice, the K(d)-, D(d)-, and K(b)-restricted CTL responses to HBsAg were strikingly suppressed in the presence but efficiently elicited in the absence of L(d)/S(28-39)-specific CTL. Once primed, the K(d)- and D(d)-restricted CTL responses to HBsAg were resistant to suppression by immunodominant L(d)/S(28-39)-specific CTL. The L(d)-restricted immunodominant CTL reactivity to HBsAg can thus suppress priming to multiple alternative epitopes of HBsAg, independent of the processing pathway that generates the epitope, of the background of the mouse strain used, and of the presence/absence of different allelic variants of the K and D MHC class I molecules.
Current control for AC motor drives using a single DC link current sensor and measurement voltage vectors (2005)

A new algorithm using a single DC link current sensor to reconstruct all three inverter phase currents has been proposed that overcomes problems caused by the presence of regions in the voltage vector plane where the phase currents are not conveniently measurable. The measurement vector insertion method (MVIM) achieves this objective by applying additional active voltage vectors for brief intervals only when needed during each fundamental frequency cycle. This paper addresses techniques for incorporating the MVIM algorithm into a closed-loop current regulator designed to provide high-quality current control using a single DC link current sensor. Virtual active resistance state feedback (VARSF) is introduced into the synchronous-frame current regulator in order to improve the controller's ability to reject disturbances caused by the MVIM measurement vectors. Experimental results are provided to confirm the attractive performance characteristics of the resulting current reconstruction and regulation using the MVIM algorithm.
Microscopic evolution of social networks (2008)

We present a detailed study of network evolution by analyzing four large online social networks with full temporal information about node and edge arrivals. For the first time at such a large scale, we study individual node arrival and edge creation processes that collectively lead to macroscopic properties of networks. Using a methodology based on the maximum-likelihood principle, we investigate a wide variety of network formation strategies, and show that edge locality plays a critical role in evolution of networks. Our findings supplement earlier network models based on the inherently non-local preferential attachment.