gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Circadian Phase-Dependent Antinociceptive Reaction in Mice Determined by the Hot-Plate test and the Tail-Flick Test After Intravenous Injection of Dalargin-Loaded Nanoparticles (1999)

Peptides normally do not cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Previously, it has been shown that the hexapeptide enkephalin analogue dalargin with polysorbate-80-coated nanoparticles (DAL/NP) can be transported across the BBB and is able to exhibit an antinociceptive effect in mice. In the present study, the circadian time and dose dependencies of the antinociceptive effect of different dalargin preparations were investigated. The active preparation (DAL/NP, 5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg), as well as a dalargin solution in phosphate buffered saline (DAL/SOL, 10 mg/kg) were injected intravenously to groups of 10-12 inbred DBA/2 mice at 12 different circadian times; mice were synchronized to a light-dark (LD) 12:12 regimen. The antinociceptive effect was determined 15 minutes postinjection by the hot-plate test. Experiments with DAL/NP were repeated using the tail-flick test system at two selected times (08:00 and 20:00) to test for dose dependency (2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 mg/kg). Hot-plate latencies were rhythmic under baseline and after DAL/SOL, with acrophases in the dark phase; DAL/SOL did not influence latency time. In contrast, DAL/NP significantly increased reaction time dose dependently; the maximal possible effect was rhythmic with the 10 mg/kg preparation, with a peak effect in the early light phase. Results were confirmed by the tail-flick test. The experiments demonstrate that an enkephalin analogue coated with nanoparticles can easily cross the BBB and is able to display a dose- and time-dependent antinociceptive effect.
The endoscopic, endonasal, transmaxillary transpterygoid approach to the pterygopalatine fossa, infratemporal fossa, petrous apex, and the Meckel cave (2009)

An endoscopic transpterygoid approach is a minimally invasive endoscopic approach for lesions located or extending to the pterygopalatine fossa, infratemporal fossa, petrous apex, Meckel cave, and other regions of the paramedian skull base.
Role of Hepatocyte Growth Factor in Breast Cancer: A Novel Mitogenic Factor Secreted by Adipocytes (1994)

Stromal cells can dramatically affect the growth and metastatic capability of breast carcinoma cells. Growth factors, considered to be important mediators of this process, act as either mitogenic or mito-inhibitory regulators. We have developed an in vitro coculture system to examine the influence of adipocytes, a dominant mammary stromal cell type, on the growth of a murine mammary carcinoma, SP1. Previously, we have reported that conditioned medium (CM) from 3T3-L1 adipocytes can promote in vitro growth of SP1 cells. We now show that the major mitogenic signal derived from 3T3-L1 adipocyte CM is mediated by hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Neutralizing antibody against HGF at 15 micrograms/ml completely abrogated mitogenic activity of 3T3-L1 CM. Furthermore, heparin, an inhibitor of biological activity of HGF, inhibited the mitogenic activity of 3T3-L1 CM. Western blot analysis also confirmed the presence of HGF in 3T3-L1 CM. Although basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) were mitogenic for SP1 cells, neutralizing antibodies against IGF-I, bFGF, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and epidermal growth factor (EGF) did not inhibit the mitogenic activity of 3T3-L1 CM. Immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting of HGF receptor/c-met showed that c-met is expressed at high level in SP1 cells, and is phosphorylated following HGF ligation. Together, our present data demonstrate that 3T3-L1 adipocytes secrete HGF, which stimulates SP1 cell growth by a paracrine mechanism. Furthermore, the mitogenic effect of 3T3-L1 CM requires HGF receptor ligation and activation of tyrosine kinase signaling cascades in SP1 cells. These results highlight the importance of stromal-tumor cell interactions and suggest that HGF secreted by adipocytes may be a key regulator of mammary tumor growth.
Consistent Streaming Through Time: A Vision for Event Stream Processing (2006)

Event processing will play an increasingly important role in constructing enterprise applications that can immediately react to business critical events. Various technologies have been proposed in recent years, such as event processing, data streams and asynchronous messaging (e.g. pub/sub). We believe these technologies share a common processing model and differ only in target workload, including query language features and consistency requirements. We argue that integrating these technologies is the next step in a natural progression. In this paper, we present an overview and discuss the foundations of CEDR, an event streaming system that embraces a temporal stream model to unify and further enrich query language features, handle imperfections in event delivery, define correctness guarantees, and define operator semantics. We describe specific contributions made so far and outline next steps in developing the CEDR system.
Noninvasive Coronary Vessel Wall and Plaque Imaging With Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2000)

In vivo free-breathing coronary vessel wall and plaque imaging with MR has been successfully implemented in humans. Coronary wall thickness and wall area were significantly greater in patients with angiographic CAD. The presented technique may have potential applications in patients with known or suspected atherosclerotic CAD or for serial evaluation after pharmacological intervention.
New Sacral Neuromodulation Lead for Percutaneous Implantation Using Local Anesthesia: Description and First Experience (2003)

Our results show that the new tined anchoring system is a reliable way to allow truly minimally invasive placement of the chronic lead.
Role of the Renal Sympathetic Nerves in the Development and Maintenance of Hypertension in the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat (1980)

Neurogenic factors and, in particular, enhanced renal sympathetic tone, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of hypertension in the spontaneously hypertensive rat of the Okamoto strain. To examine the hypothesis that the renal sympathetic nerves contribute to the development and maintenance of hypertension by causing urinary sodium retention, 7-wk-old (early hypertensive) and 18-wk-old (established hypertensive) male spontaneously hypertensive rats were subjected to bilateral renal denervation and compared with sham-operated controls. In 7-wk-old animals renal denervation delayed the onset and slowed the rate of development of hypertension. These alterations were associated with a significantly greater fractional excretion of sodium (percentage of sodium intake excreted) during the first 3 wk after denervation. Blood pressure 2 wk after surgery was 169+/-3.5 (sham) vs. 150+/-2.4 mm Hg (denervated) (P < 0.001), corresponding to fractional sodium excretions of 65+/-1.3% (sham) vs. 80+/-2.3% (denervated) (P < 0.001). By the 5th wk after surgery, at which time an increase in renal norepinephrine content of denervated animals suggested reinnervation, blood pressures in the two groups converged (sham, 199+/-6.5 mm Hg vs. denervated 180+/-3.5 mm Hg, NS) and there was no difference in sodium excretion (sham, 77+/-2.5% vs. denervated 79+/-2.3%). Plasma and kidney renin activity of denervated animals did not differ significantly from that of sham-operated controls. In 18-wk-old rats renal denervation did not alter blood pressure or urinary sodium excretion. These data indicate that the renal sympathetic nerves contribute to the development of hypertension in the spontaneously hypertensive rat in part by causing enhanced sodium retention. Once hypertension is established the renal nerves do not play a significant role in the maintenance of increased blood pressure.
Growth and Properties of YBCO-Coated Conductors Fabricated by Inclined-Substrate Deposition (2005)

YBCO-coated conductors with high current-carrying capability are desirable for electric power transmission applications. Inclined-substrate deposition (ISD) is capable of producing high-quality biaxially textured template films, which are important for fabrication of YBCO-coated conductors. We have grown biaxially textured ISD-MgO template films on flexible metallic substrates at deposition rates of 2-10 nm/sec. Columnar grains with a roof-tile-shaped surface structure were observed on the ISD-MgO films. X-ray pole figure analysis revealed that the ISD-MgO film is biaxially textured and its c-axis is titled at an angle from the substrate normal. Strontium ruthenium oxide (SRO) buffer films were epitaxially grown on ISD-MgO by pulsed laser deposition prior to the deposition of YBCO. Low /spl phi/-scan full-width at half maximum (FWHM) values of 6/spl deg/ and 7/spl deg/ were observed for YBCO and SRO, respectively. T/sub c/ of 91 K with a sharp transition and transport J/sub c/ over 1.4 MA/cm/sup 2/ at 77 K in self-field were measured on YBCO coated conductors grown with ISD MgO architectures using a SRO buffer.
HPK1 Associates with SKAP-HOM to Negatively Regulate Rap1-Mediated B-Lymphocyte Adhesion (2010)

We therefore conclude that HPK1 exhibits a dual function in B-cells by negatively regulating integrin activity and controlling cellular activation, which makes it an interesting candidate to study in pathological settings like autoimmunity and cancer.
Equalization in WCDMA Terminals (2003)

Conventional versions of linear multiuser detectors (MUD) are not feasible in the wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) downlink due to the use of long scrambling sequences. As an alternative, linear channel equalizers restore the orthogonality of the spreading sequences lost in frequency-selective channels, thus, suppressing multiple access interference (MAI) in the WCDMA downlink. In this thesis, linear channel equalizers in WCDMA terminals are studied. The purpose of the thesis is to develop novel receivers that provide performance enhancement over conventional rake receivers with an acceptable increase in complexity, and to validate their performance under WCDMA downlink conditions. Although the WCDMA standard is emphasized as the candidate system, the receivers presented are suitable for any synchronous direct sequence code division multiple access downlink employing coherent data detection and orthogonal user or channel separation. Two adaptive channel equalizers are developed based on the constrained minimum output energy (MOE) criterion and sample matrix inversion method. An existing equalizer based on the matrix inversion lemma is also developed further to become a prefilter-rake equalizer. Performance analysis is carried out for equalizers trained using a common pilot channel and for the channel response constrained MOE (CR-MOE) and sample matrix inversion (SMI) based equalizers developed in the thesis. The linear minimum mean square error (LMMSE) channel equalizer, which assumes a random scrambling sequence, is shown to approximate the performance of the LMMSE MUD. The adaptive CR-MOE, SMI-based, and prefilter-rake equalizers are observed to attain performance close to that of an approximate LMMSE channel equalizer. The equalizers considered are also shown to be suitable for implementation with fixed-point arithmetic. The SMI-based equalizer is shown to provide good performance and to require an acceptable increase in complexity. It is also well suited for symbol rate equalization after despreading, which allows for computationally efficient receiver designs for low data rate terminals. Hence, the SMI-based equalizer is a suitable receiver candidate for both high and low data rate terminals. Adaptive equalizers are considered in conjunction with forward error correction (FEC) coding, soft handover, transmit diversity and high speed downlink packet access (HSDPA). The adaptive equalizers are shown to provide significant performance gains over the rake receiver in frequency selective channels. The performance gains provided by one antenna equalizers are noted to decrease near the edges of a cell, whereas the equalizers with two receive antennas achieve significant performance improvements also with soft handover. The performance gains of one or two antenna equalizers are shown to be marginal in conjunction with transmit antenna diversity. Otherwise the equalizers are observed to attain good signal-to-noise-plus-interference ratio performance. Therefore, they are also suitable receiver candidates for HSDPA.
The Relation of Interleukin 17 (IL-17) and IL-23 to Th1/Th2 Cytokines and Disease Activity in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (2010)

SLE patients had higher serum IL-17 levels than healthy controls. Elevated serum IL-23 was found in patients with inflammatory manifestations including cutaneous involvement and serositis. The lack of correlation between Th17, Th1, and Th2 cytokines suggested independent regulatory mechanisms for these cytokines.
Cloning and characterization of a human Mac-2-binding protein, a new member of the superfamily defined by the macrophage scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domain (1993)

We have purified and sequenced a secreted glycoprotein from both the human breast carcinoma cell line, SK-BR-3, and human breast milk. The native protein binds specifically to a human macrophage-associated lectin known as Mac-2. This Mac-2 binding protein (Mac-2-BP) has an apparent native molecular mass of several million daltons and contains subunits of 85-97 kDa that are very susceptible to proteolysis at a dibasic cleavage site. Western analysis suggests that Mac-2-BP is found in serum, semen, saliva, urine, and tears, in addition to breast milk. The gene encoding Mac-2-BP was cloned from a cDNA bank of a human monocytic cell line, using degenerate PCR primers based on the protein sequence. Recombinant Mac-2-BP was expressed in Cos cells and secreted as a high molecular weight complex. The cDNA clone encodes a mature protein of 567 amino acids, preceded by an 18-amino acid leader. The mature protein contains 16 cysteines and has seven potential N-linked glycosylation sites. The first 106 amino acids represent a domain that is highly similar to an ancient protein superfamily defined by the macrophage scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domain.
Loving and Nothingness (2005)

Sleep is a fundamental and evolutionarily conserved aspect of animal life. Recent studies have shed light on the role of sleep in synaptic plasticity. Demonstrations of memory replay and synapse homeostasis suggest that one essential role of sleep is in the consolidation and optimization of synaptic circuits to retain salient memory traces despite the noise of daily experience. Here, we review this recent evidence and suggest that sleep creates a heightened state of plasticity, which may be essential for this optimization. Furthermore, we discuss how sleep deficits seen in diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and autism spectrum disorders might not just reflect underlying circuit malfunction, but could also play a direct role in the progression of those disorders.
Partial characterization ofPseudomonas fluorescens subsp.cellulosa endoglucanase activity produced inEscherichia coli (1990)

The recombinant plasmid, pPFC4, which carriesPseudomonas fluorescens subsp.cellulosa chromosomal DNA was previously isolated on the basis of its ability to direct the expression of endoglucanase inEscherichia coli. In the present study, some physical and chemical properties of this activity were characterized. The major portion (78.4%) of the endoglucanase activity is found in the periplasmic space ofE. coli. This plasmid-encoded endoglucanase has a pH optimum of approximately 6.0 and a temperature optimum of approximately 50°C. With carboxymethylcellulose-zymograms, after polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, periplasmic extracts fromE. coli carrying pPFC4 show six distinct bands with endoglucanase activity. The molecular mass of the major endoglucanase band is approximately 29 kDa while the remaining bands with endoglucanase activity range from 48 to 100 kDa. Although the basis of this heterogeneity is not known, the DNA insert of pPFC4 that encodes endoglucanase activity is not large enough to contain six separate genes; hence, the observed array of endoglucanases may result from post-translational modification of one or two primary gene products.
Stretching of supercontracted fibers: a link between spinning and the variability of spider silk (2004)

The spinning of spider silk requires a combination of aqueous environment and stretching, and the aim of this work was to explore the role of stretching silk fibers in an aqueous environment and its effect on the tensile properties of spider silk. In particular, the sensitivity of the spider silk tensile behaviour to wet-stretching could be relevant in the search for a relationship between processing and the variability of the tensile properties. Based on this idea and working with MAS silk from Argiope trifasciata orb-web building spiders, we developed a novel procedure that permits modification of the tensile properties of spider silk: silk fibers were allowed to supercontract and subsequently stretched in water. The ratio between the length after stretching and the initial supercontracted length was used to control the process. Tensile tests performed in air, after drying, demonstrated that this simple procedure allows to predictable reproduction of the stress-strain curves of either naturally spun or forcibly silked fibers. These results suggest that the supercontracted state has a critical biological function during the spinning process of spider silk.
In vivo regulation of the chicken cardiac troponin T gene promoter in zebrafish embryos (2003)

The chicken cardiac troponin T (cTnT) gene is representative of numerous cardiac and skeletal muscle-specific genes that contain muscle-CAT (MCAT) elements within their promoters. We examined the regulation of the chicken cTnT gene in vivo in zebrafish embryos, and in vitro in cardiomyocyte, myoblast, and fibroblast cultures. Defined regions of the cTnT promoter were linked to the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene for in vivo analysis, and the luciferase gene for in vitro analysis. Injection of the cTnT promoter constructs into fertilized zebrafish eggs resulted in GFP expression in both heart and skeletal muscle cells reproducing the pattern of expression of the endogenous cTnT gene in the chicken embryo. Promoter deletion analysis revealed that the cis-regulatory regions responsible for cardiac and skeletal muscle-specific expression functioned in an equivalent manner in both in vitro and in vivo environments. In addition, we show that mutation of the poly-ADP ribose polymerase-I (PARP-I) binding site adjacent to the distal MCAT element in the chicken cTnT promoter produced a non-cell-specific promoter in vitro and in the zebrafish. Thus, the PARP-I transcriptional regulatory mechanism that governs muscle specificity of the chicken cTnT promoter is conserved across several chordate classes spanning at least 350 million years of evolution.
Alkyl 4-Chlorobenzoyloxycarbamates as Highly Effective Nitrogen Source Reagents for the Base-Free, Intermolecular Aminohydroxylation Reaction (2010)

Ethyl- (7), benzyl- (8), tert-butyl- (9), and fluorenylmethyl-4-chlorobenzoyloxycarbamates (10) have been prepared as storable and easy-to-prepare nitrogen sources for use in the intermolecular Sharpless aminohydroxylation reaction and its asymmetric variant. These reagents were found to be effective under base-free reaction conditions. The scope and limitations of these methods have been explored using a variety of alkenes, among which, trans-cinnamates, in particular, proved to be good substrates.
Susceptibility of &lt;i&gt;Campylobacter pylori&lt;/i&gt; Isolated from Pediatric and Adult Patients to Seven New Quinolone Antibiotics and Nalidixic Acid (1988)

The susceptibility of 26 strains of Campylobacter pylori to 7 new quinolone antibiotics and nalidixic acid was determined. All strains were resistant to nalidixic acid. Difloxacin, A-56620, A-62254, and ciprofloxacin were equally effective against the test strains with MICs ranging from 0.06 to 2.0 micrograms/ml. Fleroxacin, amifloxacin, perfloxacin, and norfloxacin showed only moderate activity against C. pylori. The new quinolone agents, which are bactericidal, may prove useful in the eradication of C. pylori from the gastric mucosa.
Agricultural systems (2011)

Humans depend on agriculture to provide food, feed, fiber, and fuel. Production of these organic materials in individual fields depends upon the physiological abilities of plants and the soil and aerial environments in which they grow. What crops are grown, and how, are human decisions that depend upon usefulness and value of products, costs of production, and risks involved. At the farm level, those considerations are rationalized with need for animal feeds, availability of labor, and requirements for crop rotation to raise fertility and control disease, weeds, or erosion. Additional constraints are imposed by market forces and availability of capital and technology.
[The effect of neuropeptides on wound healing in vitro and in vivo]. (1992)

Neuropeptides constitute the largest family of extracellular messengers and have a long phylogenetic history. They and their receptors have been detected in normal human skin and related epithelial tissues. They act as neurotransmitters, hormones and paracrine factors. In skin they are involved in innervation, secretory gland function, growth control, and the regulation of blood flow. They are of remarkable interest in normal and disturbed wound healing, on three major levels: regulation of blood flow, modulation of inflammation, and trophism. Both neuropeptides and their antagonists are of potential interest as therapeutic agents. Their basic activities include immunomodulation, inhibition of inflammation, histamine release and stimulation of blood flow.
Does the KIR2DS5 Gene Protect from Some Human Diseases? (2010)

Our results suggest that KIR2DS5 may protect from endometriosis, ankylosing spondylitis, and acute rejection of kidney graft.
Studies in Spiroheterocycles. Part-XXVI. Investigation of the Reaction of 3-(2-Oxocycloalkylidene)indol-2(1 H)-ones with Hydroxylamine Hydrochloride and Phenylsulphonyl Hydrazidel (1990)

Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur-802 004 <em>Manuscript received 24July 1989, accepted 21 November 1989</em> Reactions of fluorinated 3-(2-oxocycloalkylidene)indol-2(1<em>H</em>)-ones (1) with 4-fluoro­phenylsnlphonyl hydrazide in ethanolic KOH yielded spiro[3H-indazole-3,3ʹ(3<em>H</em>)- indole[-2<sup>ʹ</sup>(l'H)-ones (2a, b ; n=2) and spiro[3H-indole-3,3'(3H)-pyrazol]-2(1H)- ones (2c ; n=1). Further, the reaction of 1 with hydroxylamine hydrochloride in dry pyridine in the presence of fused sodium acetate yielded some new 2,3a,4,5,6,7-hexa­hydroispiro-3 H-benzisoxazole-3,3<sup>,</sup>(3H)-indol]-2'(1<em>H</em>)-one (3a, b; n=2) and 4<em><sup>'</sup></em>.5<em><sup>'</sup></em>-cyclo­pentaspiro[3<em>H</em>-indole-3,3ʹ(3<em>H</em>)-isoxazol]-2(H)-ones (3c, d ; n=1). The non-fluorinated analog gave 3-(2-oxocycloalkylidene)-2'-oximeindole-2(1<em>H</em>)-one (4a) in addition to the spiro compound (3a). All the compounds have been characterised from their analytical and ir, pmr, <sup>13</sup>C nmr, <sup>19</sup>F nmr and mass spectral data.
Feedback Control of a Solid-State Qubit Using High-Fidelity Projective Measurement (2012)

We demonstrate feedback control of a superconducting transmon qubit using discrete, projective measurement and conditional coherent driving. Feedback realizes a fast and deterministic qubit reset to a target state with 2.4% error averaged over input superposition states, and allows concatenating experiments more than 10 times faster than by passive initialization. This closed-loop qubit control is necessary for measurement-based protocols such as quantum error correction and teleportation.