gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isoform-specific transforming growth factor-beta binding proteins with membrane attachments sensitive to phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C. (1991)

We report the identification of cell surface glycoproteins that bind transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) in an isoform-specific manner, and are distinct from TGF-beta receptors I and II or the TGF-beta binding proteoglycan beta-glycan. The novel TGF-beta binding proteins have been identified in various cell lines including fetal bovine heart endothelial cells and MG-63 human osteosarcoma cells. They include proteins of 90-100 and 180 kDa that preferentially bind TGF-beta 1 (KD 0.1-0.2 nM) and proteins of 60 and 140 kDa that preferentially bind TGF-beta 2 (KD 0.5-1 nM). The 180-kDa TGF-beta 1 binding protein and the 60- and 140-kDa TGF-beta 2 binding proteins can be released from the cell surface by treatment with phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C, suggesting that these proteins are attached to the plasma membrane through a phosphatidylinositol anchor. The expression of these three proteins as well as their sensitivity to phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C is cell line-dependent. The 90-100-kDa TGF-beta 1 binding proteins are components of a 190-kDa disulfide-linked complex. The structural properties of these proteins and their high affinity and selectivity for different TGF-beta isoforms defines them as a novel class of cell surface TGF-beta binding proteins.
Sustainable Green Networking: Exploiting Degrees of Freedom towards Energy-Efficient 5G Systems (2017)

The carbon footprint concern in the development and deployment of 5G new radio systems has drawn the attention to several stakeholders. In this article, we analyze the critical power consuming component of all candidate 5G system architectures-the power amplifier (PA)-and propose PA-centric resource management solutions for green 5G communications. We discuss the impact of ongoing trends in cellular communications on sustainable green networking and analyze two communications architectures that allow exploiting the extra degrees-of-freedom (DoF) from multi-antenna and massive antenna deployments: small cells/distributed antenna network and massive MIMO. For small cell systems with a moderate number of antennas, we propose a peak to average power ratio-aware resource allocation scheme for joint orthogonal frequency and space division multiple access. For massive MIMO systems, we develop a highly parallel recurrent neural network for energy-efficient precoding. Simulation results for representative 5G deployment scenarios demonstrate an energy efficiency improvement of one order of magnitude or higher with respect to current state-of-the-art solutions.
Critical phenomena and transitions in swollen polymer networks and in linear macromolecules (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCritical phenomena and transitions in swollen polymer networks and in linear macromoleculesB. Erman and P. J. FloryCite this: Macromolecules 1986, 19, 9, 2342–2353Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00163a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00163a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1059Altmetric-Citations233LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Environmental adaptation factors of two yeasts isolated from the leachate of a uranium mineral heap (2002)

Two yeasts from the effluent of a uranium mineral heap were identified as Candida sorbophila and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. They are well adapted to such an environment as shown by their tolerance to metals and acid pH. However, different mechanisms could be involved in the adaptation: C. sorbophila could be considered to be more acid-tolerant as a function of its specific growth rate and respiratory behavior at acidic pH in an organic medium. However, R. mucilaginosa was capable of growing by 1 log unit when inoculated in a sterilized leaching effluent or in a ferrous mineral medium, without added organic compounds. Indeed, the ability of R. mucilaginosa to grow in a low-nutrient environment could be as important a factor as its acid tolerance for coping in the isolation habitat. In mixed cultures with sulfide-oxidizing bacteria, no effect was observed on the ferrous oxidation normally carried out by these bacteria. However, a negative effect on both yeasts, especially in C. sorbophila, was observed, when the bacteria were present.
Achieving the Ultimate Physiological Goal in Transition State Analogue Inhibitors for Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase (2003)

Genetic deficiency of human purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) causes T-cell immunodeficiency. The enzyme is therefore a target for autoimmunity disorders, tissue transplant rejection and T-cell malignancies. Transition state analysis of bovine PNP led to the development of immucillin-H (ImmH), a powerful inhibitor of bovine PNP but less effective for human PNP. The transition state of human PNP differs from that of the bovine enzyme and transition state analogues specific for the human enzyme were synthesized. Three first generation transition state analogues, ImmG (Kd = 42 pM), ImmH (Kd = 56 pM), and 8-aza-ImmH (Kd = 180 pM), are compared with three second generation DADMe compounds (4'-deaza-1'-aza-2'-deoxy-1'-(9-methylene)-immucillins) tailored to the transition state of human PNP. The second generation compounds, DADMe-ImmG (Kd = 7pM), DADMe-ImmH (Kd = 16 pM), and 8-aza-DADMe-ImmH (Kd = 2.0 nM), are superior for inhibition of human PNP by binding up to 6-fold tighter. The DADMe-immucillins are the most powerful PNP inhibitors yet described, with Km/Kd ratios up to 5,400,000. ImmH and DADMe-ImmH are orally available in mice; DADMe-ImmH is more efficient than ImmH. DADMe-ImmH achieves the ultimate goal in transition state inhibitor design in mice. A single oral dose causes inhibition of the target enzyme for the approximate lifetime of circulating erythrocytes.
High Performance, All Digital RF Receiver Tested at 7.5 GigaHertz (2007)

Wireless applications would be less expensive, more flexible, and more robust if they had more digital and less analog circuitry. The problem is implementing digital signal processing at radio frequencies. Conventional data converters (ADCs and DACs) and digital circuits are simply not fast enough, especially at SATCOM frequencies. However, superconductors can provide ultra fast mixed signal and digital circuits with the linearity and dynamic range required for true direct, digital-RF processing. These superconducting circuits are digital ICs based on Josephson junctions and "rapid-single-flux-quantum" logic (RSFQ), where simple circuit switching speeds up to 750 GHz have been demonstrated. This permits direct conversion between analog RF and digital baseband signals, replacing frequency and protocol-specific analog hardware with flexible digital processors. HYPRES recently developed and delivered an X-band All Digital RF Receiver (XADR) prototype system for the US Army CERDEC and PM DCATS. The concept of this ADR is to replace the entire analog RF receive chain between the antenna and the baseband demodulator with a high performance digital RF equivalent. The first XADR prototype system has been successfully demonstrated at the Joint SATCOM engineering Center (JSEC). End to end link testing, over the satellite has been successfully completed using an existing AN/GSC-39 X-band earth terminal, an XTAR satellite, the X-band ADR and a SATCOM modem.
Mechanism for transition from initial to stable cell-cell adhesion: kinetic analysis of E-cadherin-mediated adhesion using a quantitative adhesion assay. (1996)

A centrifugal force-based adhesion assay has been used to quantitatively examine the kinetics of formation of cell-cell contacts mediated specifically by expression of E-cadherin under the control of a glucocorticoid-inducible promoter in mouse fibroblasts. Analysis of cells expressing maximal or minimal levels of E-cadherin showed that the strength of E-cadherin-mediated adhesion developed in a single exponential step over a short time (half-maximal adhesion, 13-17 min). At 37 degrees C, adhesion strength increased rapidly in the first 20 min without an apparent lag phase. After 90 min, adhesion strength reached a plateau. Differences in final strengths of adhesion were commensurate with the level of E-cadherin expression. Strengthening of adhesion was temperature dependent. At 19 degrees C, strengthening of adhesion was delayed and subsequently developed with a slower rate compared to adhesion at 37 degrees C. At 4 degrees C, adhesion was completely inhibited. Strengthening of adhesion was absolutely dependent on a functional actin cytoskeleton since adhesion did not develop when cells were treated with cytochalasin D. Together, our current and previous (McNeill et al., 1993.J. Cell Biol. 120:1217-1226) studies indicate that the rate of initial strengthening of E-cadherin-mediated adhesion is neither dependent on the amount of E-cadherin expressed nor on long-range protein diffusion in the membrane to the adhesion site. However, initial strengthening of adhesion is dependent on temperature-sensitive cellular activities that may locally couple clusters of E-cadherin to the actin cytoskeleton.
Formation of extremely low resistance Ti/Pt/Au ohmic contacts to <i>p</i>-GaAs (1993)

Nonalloyed Ti/Pt/Au contacts to heavily doped p-GaAs have been fabricated using effective cleaning of the semiconductor surface by bombardment with low energy Ar+ ions (60 eV) prior to the metal deposition. Short-time annealing cycles for 1 and 20 s were employed in order to restore the primary properties of the subsurface layer disordered during ion bombardment. Annealing at temperatures ranging from 420 to 530 °C provides formation of contacts with an extremely low resistivity of 2.8×10−8 Ω cm2. A definite correlation between electrical properties and structural modifications of the contact interface was found. Measurements of the contact resistivity at different ambient temperatures yielded a good quantitative agreement with the theoretically predicted values using the field-emission model. The results indicate that the metal-semiconductor junctions formed under optimal conditions are intimate and that tunneling is the dominant mechanism of the current flow.
Identification of the Phospholipid Binding Site in the Vitamin K-dependent Blood Coagulation Protein Factor IX (1996)

The blood coagulation and regulatory proteins that contain gamma-carboxyglutamic acid are a part of a unique class of membrane binding proteins that require calcium for their interaction with cell membranes. Following protein biosynthesis, glutamic acids on these proteins are converted to gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) in a reaction that requires vitamin K as a cofactor. The vitamin K-dependent proteins undergo a conformational transition upon metal ion binding, but only calcium ions mediate protein-phospholipid interaction. To identify the site on Factor IX that is required for phospholipid binding, we have determined the three-dimensional structure of the Factor IX Gla domain bound to magnesium ions by NMR spectroscopy. By comparison of this structure to that of the Gla domain bound to calcium ions, we localize the membrane binding site to a highly ordered structure including residues 1-11 of the Gla domain. In the presence of Ca2+, Factor IX Gla domain peptides that contain the photoactivatable amino acid p-benzoyl-L-phenylalanine at positions 6 or 9 cross-link to phospholipid following irradiation, while peptides lacking this amino acid analog or with this analog at position 46 did not cross-link. These results indicate that the NH2 terminus of the Gla domain, specifically including leucine 6 and phenylalanine 9 in the hydrophobic patch, is the contact surface on Factor IX that interacts with the phospholipid bilayer.
Estrogen Modulation of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (2002)

Over the past decade, clinical and basic research has demonstrated that estrogen has a dramatic impact on the response to vascular injury and the development of atherosclerosis. Further work has indicated that this is at least partially mediated by an enhancement in nitric oxide (NO) production by the endothelial isoform of NO synthase (eNOS) due to increases in both eNOS expression and level of activation. The effects on eNOS abundance are primarily mediated at the level of gene transcription, and they are dependent on estrogen receptors (ERs), which classically serve as transcription factors, but they are independent of estrogen response element action. Estrogen also has potent nongenomic effects on eNOS activity mediated by a subpopulation of ERalpha localized to caveolae in endothelial cells, where they are coupled to eNOS in a functional signaling module. These observations, which emphasize dependence on cell surface-associated receptors, provide evidence for the existence of a steroid receptor fast-action complex, or SRFC, in caveolae. Estrogen binding to ERalpha on the SRFC in caveolae leads to G(alphai) activation, which mediates downstream events. The downstream signaling includes activation of tyrosine kinase-MAPK and Akt/protein kinase B signaling, stimulation of heat shock protein 90 binding to eNOS, and perturbation of the local calcium environment, leading to eNOS phosphorylation and calmodulin-mediated eNOS stimulation. These unique genomic and nongenomic processes are critical to the vasoprotective and atheroprotective characteristics of estrogen. In addition, they serve as excellent paradigms for further elucidation of novel mechanisms of steroid hormone action.
A Novel <scp>l</scp>-Tyrosine Derivative of Poly[(fluoren-2,7-diyl)-<i>alt</i>-<i>co</i>-(benzen-1,4-diyl)]:  Strategy of Synthesis and Chiroptical and Electrochemical Characterization (2007)

A novel optically active conjugated copolymer of fluorene and phenylene units, modified by tyrosine derivative, was synthesized. Two different methods were probed: Suzuki cross-coupling of chiral monomer and post-modification over halogenous precursor polymer. Only the first strategy was successful in affording the chiral derivative copolymer, while the post-modification route by substitution fails, even into large scale reactions. All monomers and polymers were elucidated and characterized by NMR and FTIR spectrocopies. Molecular weights of the polymers were measured by coupled size exclusion chromatography−evaporative light scattering detector with typical polydispersity values. The optical and chiroptical properties of the new conjugated tyrosine derivative of polyfluorene were studied in a mixture of solvents, where exhibit a significant Cotton effect with respect to the precursors. Fluorescence emission of polyfluorenes was analyzed as a function of different polarity surrounding. Electrochemical doping and degradation studies of new chiral polymer were also performed.
Discovery of 1-[3-(Aminomethyl)phenyl]-<i>N</i>-[3-fluoro-2‘-(methylsulfonyl)- [1,1‘-biphenyl]-4-yl]-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1<i>H</i>-pyrazole-5-carboxamide (DPC423), a Highly Potent, Selective, and Orally Bioavailable Inhibitor of Blood Coagulation Factor Xa (2001)

Factor Xa (fXa) plays a critical role in the coagulation cascade, serving as the point of convergence of the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. Together with nonenzymatic cofactor Va and Ca2+ on the phospholipid surface of platelets or endothelial cells, factor Xa forms the prothrombinase complex, which is responsible for the proteolysis of prothrombin to catalytically active thrombin. Thrombin, in turn, catalyzes the cleavage of fibrinogen to fibrin, thus initiating a process that ultimately leads to clot formation. Recently, we reported on a series of isoxazoline and isoxazole monobasic noncovalent inhibitors of factor Xa which show good potency in animal models of thrombosis. In this paper, we wish to report on the optimization of the heterocyclic core, which ultimately led to the discovery of a novel pyrazole SN429 (2b; fXa K(i) = 13 pM). We also report on our efforts to improve the oral bioavailability and pharmacokinetic profile of this series while maintaining subnanomolar potency and in vitro selectivity. This was achieved by replacing the highly basic benzamidine P1 with a less basic benzylamine moiety. Further optimization of the pyrazole core substitution and the biphenyl P4 culminated in the discovery of DPC423 (17h), a highly potent, selective, and orally active factor Xa inhibitor which was chosen for clinical development.
Neurobiological mechanisms of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on the underlying neuro circuitry in unipolar depression (2011)

For nearly two decades now, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been available as a noninvasive clinical tool to treat patients suffering from major depression. In this period, a bulk of animal and human studies examined TMS parameters to improve clinical outcome. However, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying mood changes remain an important focus of research. In addition to having an effect on neuroendocrinological processes, neurotransmitter systems, and neurotrophic factors, TMS may not only affect the stimulated cortical regions, but also those connected to them. Therefore, we will review current human data on possible neurobiological mechanisms of repetitive (r) TMS implicated in the deregulated neurocircuitry present in unipolar depression. Furthermore, as the rTMS application can be considered as a "top-down" neuronal intervention, we will focus on the neuronal pathways linked with the stimulated area and we will present an integrative model of action.
Human Factors Interaction with Industrial Design (1966)

A working relationship between the fields of Human Factors and Industrial Design is postulated. It is described as a symbiotic relationship evolving out of the common objectives and unique methodologies of each discipline, and determined by the characteristics of the design problem that requires their collaboration. In working toward the solution of a specific problem, the disciplines exchange leadership roles as the contributions of each field selectively predominate during various stages of the development of a solution. Three examples are discussed in which human factors specialists and industrial designers collaborated to develop design solutions. In the first, a handheld weapon was designed in accordance with the findings of a human factors analysis. These findings established requirements for the industrial designer. In the second example, a system of console and workplace modules was designed by the simultaneous application of human factors and industrial design. In the third, the functional feasibility of a concept for a small field compass was established by the human factors specialist, and the structural feasibility was established by the industrial designer.
Tissue-specific Expression and Cholesterol Regulation of Acylcoenzyme A:Cholesterol Acyltransferase (ACAT) in Mice (1995)

Acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) catalyzes the esterification of cholesterol with long chain fatty acids and is believed to play an important part in the development of atherosclerotic lesions. To facilitate the study of ACAT's role in this process, we have used the human ACAT K1 clone previously described (Chang, C. C. Y., Huh, H. Y., Cadigan, K. M. and Chang, T. Y. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 20747-20755) to isolate mouse ACAT cDNA from a liver cDNA library. The 3.7-kilobase cDNA clone isolated contains a 1620-base pair open reading frame which encodes a protein of 540 amino acids. The predicted mouse ACAT protein is 87% identical to the protein product of human ACAT K1 and shares many of the same secondary structural features, including two transmembrane domains, a leucine heptad motif consistent with dimer or multimer formation, and five regions homologous to the "signature sequences" found in other enzymes that catalyze acyl adenylation followed by acyl thioester formation and acyl transfer. Using the cDNA as a hybridization probe, we mapped the gene encoding mouse ACAT to chromosome 1 in a region syntenic to human chromosome 1 where the ACAT gene is located. Northern blot analysis and RNase protection assays of mouse tissues revealed that ACAT mRNA is expressed most highly in the adrenal gland, ovary, and preputial gland and is least abundant in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, heart, and brain. To study the dietary regulation of ACAT mRNA expression in mouse tissues, we fed C57BL/6J mice a high-fat, high-cholesterol (HF/HC) atherogenic diet for 3 weeks and measured ACAT mRNA levels in various tissues by RNase protection. The HF/HC diet had little effect on ACAT mRNA levels in the small intestine, aorta, adrenal, or peritoneal macrophages, whereas hepatic ACAT mRNA levels were doubled in mice fed the atherogenic diet. ACAT activity in liver microsomes was similarly increased in cholesterol-fed mice, suggesting that mouse ACAT is regulated at least in part at the level of mRNA abundance. Additionally, a significant positive correlation was observed between ACAT activity and microsomal free cholesterol levels in chow- and cholesterol-fed mice, supporting the concept of cholesterol availability as a regulator of ACAT. To further investigate the regulation of ACAT activity under controlled conditions, ACAT-deficient Chinese hamster ovary cells were stably transfected with the mouse ACAT cDNA clone driven by a cytomegalovirus promoter. Two transfected Chinese hamster ovary cell lines that expressed the mouse ACAT transgene regained the ability to esterify cholesterol.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Formation of Biofilm by Slime Producing Staphylococcus epidermidis and Bactericidal Activity of Cefazolin (1991)

Slime production was studied in a total of 598 strains of Staphylococcus aureus and 11 species of coagulase negative staphylococci and the relationship of the slime production and biofilm formation was investigated. The high slime production was obtained in 42 of 263 strains (16%) of S. epidermidis only. The adherence of S. epidermidis to biomedical silicone discs (S discs) and biofilm formation were investigated in vitro in high slime producing and non-producing strains. The adherence rates of S. epidermidis to the S discs ranged from 2.3 to 14.8%. There was no relationship between slime production by S. epidermidis and the adherence rates. Biofilm was formed only in slime producing strains with cell growth on the S discs when they were incubated. The process of the biofilm formation was obtained by scanning electron microscopy; there were many projections, probably slime secreted from the cells, on the cell surface, and picture showing agglutination of cell by crosslinking. The bactericidal activity of cefazolin, cefmetazole and flumoxef against S. epidermidis after formation of the biofilm decreased more markedly than that before formation. Cefazolin reduced the number of S. epidermidis and eliminated the formed biofilm in an in vitro simulation model of serum concentration in human after drip infusion of 2 g of cefazolin.