gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Linagliptin as add‐on to empagliflozin and metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: Two 24‐week randomized, double‐blind, double‐dummy, parallel‐group trials (2016)

Linagliptin as add-on to empagliflozin and metformin for 24 weeks improved glycaemic control vs placebo, and was well tolerated.
Adhesion and interface studies between copper and polyimide (1987)

The adhesion and interface structure between copper and polyimide have been studied. Polyimide films were prepared by spinning a polyamic acid solution (Du Pont PMDA-ODA) in an NMP solvent onto a Cu foil, followed by thermal curing up to 400°C. The adhesion strength was measured by a 90° peel test. The peel strength of 25 μm thick Cu foil to 25 μm thick polyimide substrate was about 73 g/mm with the peel strength decreasing with increasing polyimide thickness. Cross-sectional TEM observation revealed very fine Cu-rich particles distributed in the polyimide. Particles were not found closer than 80-200 nm from Cu boundary. These Cu-rich particles were formed as a result of reaction of polyamic acid with Cu during thermal curing. We attribute the high peel strength to interfacial chemical bonding between Cu and polyimide. This behavior is in contrast to vacuum-deposited Cu onto fully cured polyimide.
Combination Chemotherapy in the Treatment of Advanced Hodgkin's Disease (1970)

Forty-three patients with advanced, primarily untreated Hodgkin's disease were treated with a combination of vincristine sulfate, nitrogen mustard (or cyclophosphamide), procarbazine hydrochloride, and prednisone, given in cyclical fashion for 6 months. The limiting toxicity was primarily bone marrow suppression and, although occasionally severe, was generally tolerable. Other toxicity such as alopecia and neurotoxicity were troublesome but reversible. The response rate was superior to that previously reported with the use of single drugs with 35 of 43, or 81% of the patients achieving a complete remission, defined as the complete disappearance of all tumor and return to normal performance status. The duration of these responses after all therapy was discontinued was gratifyingly long, with a median of not less than 29 and not more than 42 months. Seventeen of 35 patients continue free of their disease, and 28 of these 35 are still alive. The median survival of the responding group is greater than 42 months, and life table analysis of the results indicates that of those complete responders at risk for 4 years, 77% remain alive and 47% are continuously free of their disease. The surviving fraction of the entire group at risk 4 years is 63%. It appears that combinations of effective drugs that act by different mechanisms and manifest different toxicities can be used effectively to increase the response rate and probably the survival of patients with sensitive tumors such as Hodgkin's disease.
Anatomy and physiology of subcutaneous adipose tissue by in vivo magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy: Relationships with sex and presence of cellulite (2002)

Magnetic resonance imaging showed that the 3D architecture of fibrous septae couldn't be modelled simply as perpendicular planes for women and tilted planes at 45 degrees for men. MR spectroscopy did not confirm the hypothesis of increased water content in the adipose tissue of women with cellulite as suggested by others, except if such water would be located in the connective septae.
r-Sm14 - pRSETA efficacy in experimental animals (2001)

Previous studies carried out with Sm14 in experimental vaccination against Schistosoma mansoni or Fasciola hepatica infections were performed with recombinant Sm14 (rSm14) produced in Escherichia coli by the pGEMEX system (Promega). The rSm14 was expressed as a 40 kDa fusion protein with the major bacteriophage T7 capsid protein. Vaccination experiments with this rSm14 in animal models resulted in consistent high protective activity against S. mansoni cercariae challenge and enabled rSm14 to be included among the vaccine antigens endorsed by the World Health Organization for phase I/II clinical trials. Since the preparation of pGEMEX based rSm14 is time consuming and results in low yield for large scale production, we have tested other E. coli expression systems which would be more suitable for scale up and downstream processing. We expressed two different 6XHis-tagged Sm14 fusion proteins in a T7 promoter based plasmids. The 6XHis-tag fusions allowed rapid purification of the recombinant proteins through a Ni+2-charged resin. The resulted recombinant 18 and 16 kDa proteins were recognized by anti-Sm14 antibodies and also by antiserum against adult S. mansoni soluble secreted/excreted proteins in Western-Blot. Both proteins were also protective against S. mansoni cercariae infection to the same extent as the rSm14 expressed by the pGEMEX system.
Control of respiration and ATP synthesis in mammalian mitochondria and cells (1992)

We have seen that there is no simple answer to the question 'what controls respiration?' The answer varies with (a) the size of the system examined (mitochondria, cell or organ), (b) the conditions (rate of ATP use, level of hormonal stimulation), and (c) the particular organ examined. Of the various theories of control of respiration outlined in the introduction the ideas of Chance & Williams (1955, 1956) give the basic mechanism of how respiration is regulated. Increased ATP usage can cause increased respiration and ATP synthesis by mass action in all the main tissues. Superimposed on this basic mechanism is calcium control of matrix dehydrogenases (at least in heart and liver), and possibly also of the respiratory chain (at least in liver) and ATP synthase (at least in heart). In many tissues calcium also stimulates ATP usage directly; thus calcium may stimulate energy metabolism at (at least) four possible sites, the importance of each regulation varying with tissue. Regulation of multiple sites may occur (from a teleological point of view) because: (a) energy metabolism is branched and thus proportionate regulation of branches is required in order to maintain constant fluxes to branches (e.g. to proton leak or different ATP uses); and/or (b) control over fluxes is shared by a number of reactions, so that large increases in flux requires stimulation at multiple sites because each site has relatively little control. Control may be distributed throughout energy metabolism, possibly due to the necessity of minimizing cell protein levels (see Brown, 1991). The idea that energy metabolism is regulated by energy charge (as proposed by Atkinson, 1968, 1977) is misleading in mammals. Neither mitochondrial ATP synthesis nor cellular ATP usage is a unique function of energy charge as AMP is not a significant regulator (see for example Erecinska et al., 1977). The near-equilibrium hypothesis of Klingenberg (1961) and Erecinska & Wilson (1982) is partially correct in that oxidative phosphorylation is often close to equilibrium (apart from cytochrome oxidase) and as a consequence respiration and ATP synthesis are mainly regulated by (a) the phosphorylation potential, and (b) the NADH/NAD+ ratio. However, oxidative phosphorylation is not always close to equilibrium, at least in isolated mitochondria, and relative proximity to equilibrium does not prevent the respiratory chain, the proton leak, the ATP synthase and ANC having significant control over the fluxes. Thus in some conditions respiration rate correlates better with [ADP] than with phosphorylation potential, and may be relatively insensitive to mitochondrial NADH/NAD+ ratio.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Concurrent ATRP/RAFT of Styrene and Methyl Methacrylate with Dithioesters Catalyzed by Copper(I) Complexes (2008)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTConcurrent ATRP/RAFT of Styrene and Methyl Methacrylate with Dithioesters Catalyzed by Copper(I) ComplexesYungwan Kwak, Renaud Nicolaÿ, and Krzysztof Matyjaszewski*View Author Information Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213* Corresponding author: Tel +1-412-268-3209; e-mail [email protected]Cite this: Macromolecules 2008, 41, 18, 6602–6604Publication Date (Web):August 28, 2008Publication History Received6 July 2008Revised9 August 2008Published online28 August 2008Published inissue 23 September 2008https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma801502shttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma801502srapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2008 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3368Altmetric-Citations82LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Organic compounds,Polymerization,Polymers,Radical polymerization,RAFT polymerization Get e-Alerts
Automatic Detection and Characterization of Coronary Artery Plaque and Stenosis using a Recurrent Convolutional Neural Network in Coronary CT Angiography (2018)

Different types of atherosclerotic plaque and varying grades of stenosis lead to different management of patients with obstructive coronary artery disease. Therefore, it is crucial to determine the presence and classify the type of coronary artery plaque, as well as to determine the presence and the degree of a stenosis. The study includes consecutively acquired coronary CT angiography (CCTA) scans of 131 patients. In these, presence and plaque type in the coronary arteries (no plaque, non-calcified, mixed, calcified) as well as presence and anatomical significance of coronary stenosis (no stenosis, non-significant, significant) were manually annotated by identifying the start and end points of the fragment of the artery affected by the plaque. To perform automatic analysis, a multi-task recurrent convolutional neural network is utilized. The network uses CCTA and coronary artery centerline as its inputs, and extracts features from the region defined along the coronary artery centerline using a 3D convolutional neural network. Subsequently, the extracted features are used by a recurrent neural network that performs two simultaneous multi-label classification tasks. In the first task, the network detects and characterizes the type of the coronary artery plaque. In the second task, the network detects and determines the anatomical significance of the coronary artery stenosis. The results demonstrate that automatic characterization of coronary artery plaque and stenosis with high accuracy and reliability is feasible. This may enable automated triage of patients to those without coronary plaque, and those with coronary plaque and stenosis in need for further cardiovascular workup.
Synthesis of 3′‐Alkylthio‐2′,3′‐dideoxy Nucleosides with Potential Anti‐HIV Activity from 2‐Deoxy‐D‐ribose, Using a Phosphorus Pentoxide Reagent (1992)

Direct condensation of 2-deoxy-D-ribose (1) with mercaptans using the P4O10/H2O/Bu3N reagent in chloroform resulted in coupling at C-3 to give the anomeric mixtures of the corresponding pentopyranoses 2 and pentofuranoses 3. After acetylation with acetic anhydride in dry pyridine of these 3-alkylthio pentofuranoses, coupling with the nucleobases uracil, thymine, and cytosine in accordance with the Friedel-Crafts catalyzed silyl Hilbert-Johnson method yielded the acetylated D-erythro nucleosides 7 as anomeric mixtures, separable only by means of chromatography either before or after deprotection with ammonia. The nucleosides 8a-e were devoid of any activity against HSV-1 and HIV-1.
Blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 Promotes Adoptive T-Cell Immunotherapy in a Tolerogenic Environment (2015)

Adoptive cellular immunotherapy using in vitro expanded CD8+ T cells shows promise for tumour immunotherapy but is limited by eventual loss of function of the transferred T cells through factors that likely include inactivation by tolerogenic dendritic cells (DC). The co-inhibitory receptor programmed death-1 (PD-1), in addition to controlling T-cell responsiveness at effector sites in malignancies and chronic viral diseases is an important modulator of dendritic cell-induced tolerance in naive T cell populations. The most potent therapeutic capacity amongst CD8+ T cells appears to lie within Tcm or Tcm-like cells but memory T cells express elevated levels of PD-1. Based on established trafficking patterns for Tcm it is likely Tcm-like cells interact with lymphoid-tissue DC that present tumour-derived antigens and may be inherently tolerogenic to develop therapeutic effector function. As little is understood of the effect of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade on Tcm-like CD8+ T cells, particularly in relation to inactivation by DC, we explored the effects of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in a mouse model where resting DC tolerise effector and memory CD8+ T cells. Blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 promoted effector differentiation of adoptively-transferred Tcm-phenotype cells interacting with tolerising DC. In tumour-bearing mice with tolerising DC, effector activity was increased in both lymphoid tissues and the tumour-site and anti-tumour activity was promoted. Our findings suggest PD-1/PD-L1 blockade may be a useful adjunct for adoptive immunotherapy by promoting effector differentiation in the host of transferred Tcm-like cells.
Response of borderline resectable pancreatic cancer to neoadjuvant therapy is not reflected by radiographic indicators (2012)

Radiographic downstaging was rare after neoadjuvant therapy, and RECIST response was not an effective treatment endpoint for patients with borderline resectable pancreatic cancer. The authors concluded that these patients should undergo pancreatectomy after initial therapy in the absence of metastases.
Psoriasin (S100A7): A putative urinary marker for the follow-up of patients with bladder squamous cell carcinomas (1999)

To search for bladder squamous cell carcinoma markers that are released to the urine a blind and systematic analysis of the protein profiles of fresh tumors, their secreted proteins, as well as the patient's urine was carried out using state-of-the-art proteomic technology. We review the data concerning the putative marker psoriasin (S100A7), which, alone or in combination with other biomarkers, may be valuable for the noninvasive follow-up of patients bearing these tumors.
A New Method for Quantification of Fluidized Bed Agglomeration Tendencies:  A Sensitivity Analysis (1998)

A new method for quantification of fluidized bed agglomeration tendencies for different fuels has been developed and evaluated. A bench scale fluidized bed reactor (5 kW), specially designed to obtain a homogeneous isothermal bed temperature, is used. The method is based on controlled increase of the bed temperature by applying external heat to the primary air and to the bed section walls. In addition, temperature homogeneity is secured by switching from normal fuel feeding to a propane precombustor. The initial agglomeration temperature is determined by on- or off-line principal component analysis of the variations in measured bed temperatures (four values) and differential pressures (four). To determine potential effects of all the process related variables, an extensive sensitivity analysis was performed. Experiments were performed according to a statistical experimental design to evaluate the effects of eight different process analytical variables on the determined agglomeration temperature of a biomass fuel. The results showed that for a given fuel, the amount of bed material, heating rate, fluidization velocity, and air to fuel ratio during both “ashing” and heating did not influence the determined agglomeration temperature. Only ash to bed material ratio, the ashing temperature, and the bed material particle size had significant effects on the agglomeration temperature, but still the effects were relatively small. The agglomeration temperature of the fuel could be determined to 899 °C (avg) with a reproducibility of ±5 °C (SD). The inaccuracy was determined to be ±30 °C (SD). Based on the results, the method was standardized with respect to ash to bed material ratio, bed material particle size, and ashing temperature. Relative agglomeration temperatures of different fuels, fuel, and additive combinations can thus be determined with a high precision.
Question Answering by Passage Selection (MultiText Experiments for TREC-9). (2000)

Introduction MultiText has participated in TREC each year since TREC-4 [3, 2, 7, 8, 6]. For TREC-9 we concentrated our efforts on the question aaswering (QA) track and also submitted runs for the Web track. The MultiText system incorporates a unique technique for arbitrary passage retrieval, which was used in all of our TREC-9 experiments. The technique efficiently locates high-scoring passages, where the score of a passage is based on its length and the weights of the terms occurring within it. Passage boundaries are determined by the query, and can start aad end at any term position. If a document ranking is required, the score of a document is computed by combining the scores of the passages it conta/ns. Versions of the technique have been described in our previous TREC papers and elsewhere [4]. Our TREC-8 paper [6] provides a concise overview of the current version. Our TREC-9 QA experiments extended our TREC-8 work. For TREC-8 we simply stripped stopwords from the question, app
Effect of electric shock on the heart (1936)

A joint investigation of the effects of electric shock on the heart, extending over a period of several years, has yielded many significant results. It has been found that electric shock may derange heart action causing ventricular fibrillation without damage to heart tissue, but resulting in death within a few minutes. This heart effect establishes the maximum current that may be withstood safely for short durations. Threshold fibrillating currents were determined for different conditions of pathway, frequency, and duration, using numerous anesthetized animals of different species, comparable in size with man. The discovery was made that the heart is susceptible for only about 20 per cent of its cycle. Successful recoveries from ventricular fibrillation were obtained with large animals of several species by high intensity shocks of short duration.
Combined Depletion of Cell Cycle and Transcriptional Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Activities Induces Apoptosis in Cancer Cells (2006)

Selective cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) 2 inhibition is readily compensated. However, reduced cdk2 activity may have antiproliferative effects in concert with other family members. Here, inducible RNA interference was used to codeplete cdk2 and cdk1 from NCI-H1299 non-small cell lung cancer and U2OS osteosarcoma cells, and effects were compared with those mediated by depletion of either cdk alone. Depletion of cdk2 slowed G1 progression of NCI-H1299 cells and depletion of cdk1 slowed G2-M progression in both cell lines, with associated endoreduplication in U2OS cells. However, compared with the incomplete cell cycle blocks produced by individual depletion, combined depletion had substantial consequences, with G2-M arrest predominating in NCI-H1299 cells and apoptosis the primary outcome in U2OS cells. In U2OS cells, combined depletion affected RNA polymerase II expression and phosphorylation, causing decreased expression of the antiapoptotic proteins Mcl-1 and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP), effects usually mediated by inhibition of the transcriptional cdk9. These events do not occur after individual depletion of cdk2 and cdk1, suggesting that reduction of cdk2, cdk1, and RNA polymerase II activities all contribute to apoptosis in U2OS cells. The limited cell death induced by combined depletion in NCI-H1299 cells was significantly increased by codepletion of cdk9 or XIAP or by simultaneous treatment with the cdk9 inhibitor flavopiridol. These results show the potency of concomitant compromise of cell cycle and transcriptional cdk activities and may guide the selection of clinical drug candidates.
Inhibition of cervical carcinoma cell line proliferation by the introduction of a bovine papillomavirus regulatory gene (1993)

Human papillomavirus (HPV) E6 and E7 oncogenes are expressed in the great majority of human cervical carcinomas, whereas the viral E2 regulatory gene is usually disrupted in these cancers. To investigate the roles of the papillomavirus E2 genes in the development and maintenance of cervical carcinoma, the bovine papillomavirus (BPV) E2 gene was acutely introduced into cervical carcinoma cell lines by infection with high-titer stocks of simian virus 40-based recombinant viruses. Expression of the BPV E2 protein in HeLa, C-4I, and MS751 cells results in specific inhibition of the expression of the resident HPV type 18 (HPV18) E6 and E7 genes and in inhibition of cell growth. HeLa cells, in which HPV gene expression is nearly completely abolished, undergo a dramatic and rapid inhibition of proliferation, which appears to be largely a consequence of a block in progression from the G1 to the S phase of the cell cycle. Loss of HPV18 gene expression in HeLa cells is also accompanied by a marked increase in the level of the cellular p53 tumor suppressor protein, apparently as a consequence of abrogation of HPV18 E6-mediated destabilization of p53. The proliferation of HT-3 cells, a human cervical carcinoma cell line devoid of detectable HPV DNA, is also inhibited by E2 expression, whereas two other epithelial cell lines that do not contain HPV DNA are not inhibited. Thus, a number of cervical carcinoma cell lines are remarkably sensitive to growth inhibition by the E2 protein. Although BPV E2-mediated inhibition of HPV18 E6 and E7 expression may contribute to growth inhibition in some of the cervical carcinoma cell lines, the BPV E2 protein also appears to exert a growth-inhibitory effect that is independent of its effects on HPV gene expression.
The non-linear oscillation of a radially symmetric bubble in a time periodic pressure field (1994)

In this paper, the regions of harmonic and subharmonic resonance for the periodically forced Rayleigh -Plesset equation with linear damping are studied. The boundaries of these regions of resonance are determined using a perturbation method. Algebraic expressions are obtained for the bifurcation surfaces, which mark the boundaries of these regions of entrainment, in terms of the detuning frequency, forcing amplitude and dissipation.