gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Conceptual design of a high-sensitivity small animal PET camera with 4/spl pi/ coverage (1999)

We present a conceptual design of a high-sensitivity PET camera that completely encloses a small animal in a rectangular volume formed by 6 planar banks of detector modules. The 4/spl pi/ geometry and 3 attenuation-length fast scintillators provide significantly higher sensitivity than contemporary animal PET cameras, while the depth of interaction (DOI) measurement and small crystal width achieve isotropic, high spatial resolution. The absolute sensitivity is 24 kcps//spl mu/Ci, /spl sim/120 times higher than contemporary systems; the true event count rate is increased by covering 10 times the solid angle using 80% efficient detectors. For a 29 g "mouse", the total scatter event rate is 11% of the total true event rate. A short (2 nsec) coincidence window and the absence of out of field activity implicit with whole animal coverage yield a small random fraction. Assuming a maximum system count rate of 10 Mcps (achievable with electronics under development), the noise equivalent count rate as a function of activity concentration has a maximum of 6.6 Mcps at 25 /spl mu/Ci/cc. 2D reconstruction algorithms indicate a spatial resolution of 2.3 mm fwhm through most of the field of view.
Chlorination of carbazole and its derivatives with 1-chlorobenzotriazole (1971)

1-Chlorobenzotriazole is shown to be a convenient and highly efficient reagent for nuclear chlorination of carbazole and several derivatives. Reactions proceed to completion at ambient temperatures, yields are high in all cases, and mono-, di-, and tetra-chlorination occur with equal facility, according to the molar ratio of reagents.
Suppression of delay time instability on frequency using field shield isolation technology for deep sub-micron SOI circuits (2002)

It was demonstrated that Field Shield (FS) isolation technology can suppress the delay time instability depending on operating frequency. FS isolation technology has been proposed to tie the body potential without any area penalties in gate array. Moreover, the effect of body resistance on the instability was also investigated using device simulation.
A simple finite-difference grid with non-constant intervals (1970)

A finite difference network with non-uniform grid intervals, hi, such that hi = hi-1 + O(h2i-1) is presented. The use of the grid network for two specific choices of hi - hi-1 for a linear boundary layer problem shows that it has distinct advantages in computational efficiency and in accuracy of representation of the analytical solution.
SR 141716, a CB1 cannabinoid receptor antagonist, selectively reduces sweet food intake in marmoset. (1998)

SR 141716 (1 and 3 mg/kg p.o.), a selective central (CB1) cannabinoid receptor antagonist, selectively reduced feeding of a very highly palatable cane-sugar mixture in marmosets. In contrast, standard primate pellet intake was not modified at the lower dose, but was slightly increased (+29%;p < 0.01) by the higher dose of SR 141716. These results are in agreement with the hypothesis that endogenous cannabinoid systems are involved in the modulation of the appetitive value of food.
Purification of a calf thymus DNA-dependent adenosinetriphosphatase that prefers a primer-template junction effector (1986)

A purification procedure has been developed that resolves four chromatographically distinct DNA-dependent ATPase activities from calf thymus tissue. One of these activities has been purified to a nearly homogeneous protein, as judged by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This protein has a specific activity of 18 mumol of ATP hydrolyzed per minute per milligram of protein and is active only in the presence of a DNA effector. The DNA-dependent ATPase activity is greatest in the presence of DNA containing a 3'-hydroxyl primer-template junction with a segment of adjacent single strand, i.e., a DNA polymerase substrate. Primer-template effectors that have had the 3'-hydroxyl group eliminated by the addition of a dideoxyribonucleotide are less active as cofactors for ATP hydrolysis than effectors which retain the 3'-hydroxyl group. Other DNAs can serve as cofactors, but with a reduced rate of ATP hydrolysis. DNA cofactors which are single stranded are much more effective at promoting ATPase activity than completely double-stranded cofactors, although the effectiveness of single-stranded DNA decreases as the length of the oligonucleotide decreases. An RNA/DNA hybrid does not promote ATPase activity. These data suggest that ATPase A may be involved in the recognition of primer-template junctions and the elongation phase of DNA synthesis.
Mechanism of Uptake of Copper-oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein in Macrophages Is Dependent on Its Extent of Oxidation (1996)

Several investigators have reported nonreciprocal cross-competition between unlabeled acetyl low density lipoprotein (LDL) and oxidized LDL for the degradation of the corresponding labeled LDLs. The failure of acetyl LDL to compete fully for the degradation of oxidized LDL has been interpreted as evidence for additional receptor(s) specific for oxidized LDL. In the present study, it is demonstrated that the ability of oxidized LDL to compete for the degradation of acetyl LDL is determined largely by its extent of oxidation. Extensively oxidized LDL competed for 90% of acetyl LDL degradation in murine macrophages, and hence there appears to be no pathway in these cells that is specific for acetyl LDL but not oxidized LDL. The reciprocal situation (competition by acetyl LDL for uptake and degradation of oxidized LDL) proved to be more complicated. Oxidized LDL is known to be susceptible to aggregation, and less than half of the aggregates found in the present experiments were large enough to be removed by filtration or centrifugation at 10,000 x g. When oxidized LDL was prepared under conditions that resulted in minimal aggregation, acetyl LDL competed for greater than 80% of oxidized LDL degradation. With more extensive oxidation and aggregation of LDL, acetyl LDL only competed for about 45% of oxidized LDL degradation, while polyinosinic acid remained an effective competitor. Individual preparations of oxidized LDL that differed in degree of oxidation were separated into aggregated and nonaggregated fractions, and it was shown that both fractions were competed to a similar degree by acetyl LDL in mouse peritoneal macrophages and in Chinese hamster ovary cells transfected with human scavenger receptor type I cDNA. Hence, aggregation by itself did not alter the apparent rate of uptake by the scavenger receptor pathway. These results indicate that the extent of oxidation of LDL affects its mechanism of uptake and that about half of the uptake of very extensively oxidized LDL appears to be via a pathway distinct from the scavenger receptor type I/II. The uptake of very extensively oxidized LDL was not affected by cytochalasin D, an inhibitor of phagocytosis. As well, it was not affected by an antibody to CD36 in human monocyte-derived macrophages or in THP-1 cells, suggesting that this alternate pathway does not involve CD36.
Gråt i gråt? Nordisk landbrug i mellemkrigstiden (2005)

Den politiske okonomi, som blev etableret i mellemkrigstidens kriseramte skandinaviske lande, kom til at spille en vigtig rolle for udviklingen af landenes andelsvirksomheder og -organisationer i efterkrigstiden. Landbrugets organisationer blev stabiliserende og demokratiske institutioner i de skandinaviske lande.
Laminin is associated with the "neurite outgrowth-promoting factors" found in conditioned media. (1985)

Conditioned media (CMs) from many cell types contain a factor that can adsorb to a polycationic substratum and cause neurons plated on that substratum to extend neurites rapidly and profusely. The extracellular matrix glycoprotein laminin, when bound to a substratum, elicits a similar response by neurons. In this report, six CMs that contain a "neurite outgrowth-promoting factor" were studied. Immunoprecipitation with affinity-purified anti-laminin antibodies demonstrated that laminin is present in all of them, and when it was selectively removed, there was a corresponding loss of neurite outgrowth-promoting activity in each CM. Antibodies to purified laminin failed, however, to block the outgrowth-promoting activity of five of the CMs tested, even though these antibodies blocked the outgrowth-promoting activity of purified laminin in the same assay. This result could reflect differences in amino acid sequence or protein modification between CM-derived laminin and the purified laminin used in generating antibodies. Alternatively, it could reflect the fact that other molecules bind to laminin in CMs and could interfere with the binding of antibodies to sites on laminin that are important for biological activity.
<i>a</i><i>nsa</i>-Titanocene Catalysts for α-Olefin Polymerization. Syntheses, Structures, and Reactions with Methylaluminoxane and Boron-Based Activators (2005)

The racemic isomers of C2H4(1-Ind)2TiCl2 and Me2Si(2-Me-Benzind)2TiMe2 were synthesized and structurally characterized. Reactions of these and related ansa-titanocene complexes with methylaluminoxane or with the cationizing reagent [CPh3]+[B(C6F5)4]-/Al2Me6 were monitored by UV/vis, 1H NMR, and EPR methods. Under conditions approaching those typically used in olefin polymerizations, heterobinuclear cations of the type [DianTiIV(μ-Me)2AlMe2]+ (with Dian = bridged ligand dianion) dominate in each of these reaction systems, which catalyze the polymerization of propene at temperatures below ambient. Above 0 °C, these cations are reduced, mainly to neutral heterobinuclear species DianTiIII(μ-Me)2AlMe2, which appear to be inactive with regard to polymerization catalysis. In the absence of monomer, the main reducing agent appears to be ethyl aluminum admixtures in Al2Me6. Addition of monomer increases the rate of reduction rather drastically, probably via formation of titanium hydrides.
Generation of mouse-human hybridomas secreting human monoclonal antibodies to Japanese cedar pollen allergen Cry j1 (2006)

Peripheral blood lymphocytes from 13 donors were transformed with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) to establish immortalized human B-cells secreting antibodies to Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) pollen allergens. EBV-transformed B-lymphocytes were then fused with mouse myeloma SP2/O3, and three clones of mouse-human hybridomas secreting human IgM class monoclonal antibodies to a cedar pollen allergen Cry j1 were established.
Automated Analysis of Femoral Artery Calcification Using Machine Learning Techniques (2019)

We report an object tracking algorithm that combines geometrical constraints, thresholding, and motion detection for tracking of the descending aorta and the network of major arteries that branch from the aorta including the iliac and femoral arteries. Using our automated identification and analysis, arterial system was identified with more than 85% success when compared to human annotation. Furthermore, the reported automated system is capable of producing a stenosis profile, and a calcification score similar to the Agatston score. The use of stenosis and calcification profiles will lead to the development of better-informed diagnostic and prognostic tools.
The Isolation of Digoxin-Specific Antibody and Its Use in Reversing the Effects of Digoxin (1971)

Specific antibodies to digoxin were isolated from antisera of sheep immunized with a digoxin-human serum albumin conjugate. The antibody was purified by adsorption to an immunoadsorbent, synthesized by coupling a ouabain-ribonuclease conjugate to bromoacetyl-cellulose, followed by elution with 25 mM ouabain. Ouabain was dissociated from antibody by denaturation in 6 M guanidine. The renatured antibody bound 1.6 mol of digoxin per mol and had an association constant of 1.6 x 10(8) M(-1). At near-stoichiometric concentrations, either purified antibody to digoxin, or its papain-digested product (Fab-Fc), reversed digoxin-induced: (a) inhibition of (86)Rb transport in human erythrocytes, (b) increase in developed tension in isolated guinea-pig atrial strips, and (c) ventricular tachycardia in intact dogs, and also corrected digoxin-induced automaticity in isolated guineapig atrial strips.
Poly(vinyl alcohol)-clay and poly(ethylene oxide)-clay blends prepared using water as solvent (1997)

Montmorillonite (MON) was solvent-cast blended with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) using water as cosolvent. The structure and properties of the blend films have been investigated. From small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering measurements of the blends, the silicate layers of MON are found to be well dispersed individually in the PVA-MON blends, while the silicate layers in PEO-MON blends are found to exist in the form of a large clay tactoid. Furthermore, for both blends, it is found that the silicate layers are parallel to the film surface of the blends, and that preferred orientation of polymer crystallites is induced by the presence of MON. The effects of the MON content on the thermal behavior of the PVA- and PEO-MON blends have been studied with a differential scanning calorimeter. Furthermore, the effects of geometry of the silicate layers on dynamic behavior of the blends have been studied. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 66: 573–581, 1997
Generalized Autoregressive Moving Average Models (2003)

A class of generalized autoregressive moving average (GARMA) models is developed that extends the univariate Gaussian ARMA time series model to a flexible observation-driven model for non-Gaussian time series data. The dependent variable is assumed to have a conditional exponential family distribution given the past history of the process. The model estimation is carried out using an iteratively reweighted least squares algorithm. Properties of the model, including stationarity and marginal moments, are either derived explicitly or investigated using Monte Carlo simulation. The relationship of the GARMA model to other models is shown, including the autoregressive models of Zeger and Qaqish, the moving average models of Li, and the reparameterized generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedastic GARCH model (providing the formula for its fourth marginal moment not previously derived). The model is demonstrated by the application of the GARMA model with a negative binomial conditional distribution to a well-known time series dataset of poliomyelitis counts.
Cellulose acetate structural foam (1996)

Abstract Structural foams of cellulose acetate were prepared at densities down to 1.01. Decreasing density produced decreasing cell size, decreasing flexural modulus, and surprisingly, increasing impact strength.
Purification of the messenger ribonucleic acid for the lipoprotein of the Escherichia coli outer membrane (1979)

The mRNA for the lipoprotein of the Escherichia coli outer membrane has been purified to 85% homogeneity. The purification procedure involved phenol extraction, NaCl extraction, gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 and Sephadex G-200, and reversed-phase column chromatography on RPC-5. The purity of the final product was estimated to be 85% by analysis of the ribonuclease T1 fingerprint of the mRNA. The purified mRNA was able to direct the synthesis of cross-reactive material with antilipoprotein serum in both the E. coli and the wheat germ cell-free protein-synthesizing systems. The size of the mRNA was determined to be 8.2 S from its mobility in polyacrylamide--agrose gels. During the purification, two other RNA species, similar in size to the lipoprotein mRNA, were also isolated. Their sizes were determined to be 8.7 and 9.1 S. They both were inactive in an E. coli cell-free protein-synthesizing system.
Effect of SCH55700, a Humanized Anti-Human Interleukin-5 Antibody, in Severe Persistent Asthma: A Pilot Study (2003)

Antagonizing the effect of interleukin (IL)-5 is a potential new treatment strategy in allergic disorders. We evaluated the safety, biological activity, and pharmacokinetics of SCH55700, a humanized anti-human IL-5 antibody, in subjects with severe persistent asthma treated with oral or high doses of inhaled steroids. In a double-blind, randomized, multicenter trial, a rising single dose of SCH55700 (0.03 mg/kg [n = 2], 0.1 mg/kg [n = 4], 0.3 mg/kg [n = 6], or 1.0 mg/kg [n = 12]) or placebo (n = 8) was administered intravenously. SCH55700 dose dependently reduced circulating eosinophil counts. At a dose of 1.0 mg/kg, the decrease remained significant up to Day 30 [(0.07 +/- 0.01) x 10(9)/L versus (0.23 +/- 0.04) x 10(9)/L at baseline] (mean +/- SEM) (p = 0.05). After administration of SCH55700 at 0.3 and 1.0 mg/kg, a trend toward improvement in baseline FEV1 was observed, which reached significance 24 hours after the 0.3-mg/kg dose (p = 0.019 versus placebo). No significant changes occurred in other clinical indices of disease activity. Adverse events were not different between active treatment and placebo. We conclude that SCH55700 is a biologically active anti-human IL-5 antibody that can be safely used in severe steroid-treated asthma. Its therapeutic potential needs to be addressed in specifically designed efficacy trials.
Disturbance-free operation of a multiphase current-regulated motor drive with an opened phase (1994)

Although design of induction motor drives employing field oriented control has reached a relatively mature state, relatively little effort has been directed toward improving the reliability of these drives. In this paper, a new, improved induction motor control strategy is proposed incorporating a multiphase machine that allows for continuous, disturbance-free operation of the drive even with complete loss of one (or more) legs of the inverter or motor phase. A complete analysis of both an even phase and an odd phase machine utilizing this new control and circuit concept is included.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Bioinspired antifouling polymers (2005)

Controlling biointerfacial phenomena is crucial to the success of many biomedical technologies. For applications in biosensing, diagnostics, and medical devices, precise control of interactions between material surfaces and the biological milieu is an important but elusive goal1. Emerging strategies for manipulating the biological response to medical materials seek to take advantage of specific interactions between designed surfaces, biomolecules, and cells2. Limiting nonspecific interaction of cells, proteins, and microorganisms with material surfaces is critical, since these interactions can prove highly problematic for device efficacy and safety. Thus, a central research focus continues to be the development of versatile, convenient, and cost-effective strategies for rendering surfaces resistant to fouling by proteins, cells, and bacteria.
Interconnect density capabilities of computer generated holograms for optical interconnection of very large scale integrated circuits (1989)

An upper bound on the area of a computer generated hologram (CGH) required to form space variant connections between N transmitters and N x F detectors is determined. The analysis is performed without employing paraxial or small transmitter divergence angle approximations. It is shown that a previously proposed method for performing space variant interconnects has limited usefulness for connecting transmitters with large divergence angles. A new architecture employing a double pass CGH is introduced, and an expression is derived for the interconnect density capabilities of this architecture.
Tolerance and Nature of Residual Refraction in Symmetric Power Space as Principal Lens Powers and Meridians Change (2014)

Unacceptable principal powers in well-centred lenses may require a toric over-refraction which differs in nature from the one where correct powers have misplaced meridians. This paper calculates residual (over) refractions and their natures. The magnitude of the power of the over-refraction serves as a general, reliable, real scalar criterion for acceptance or tolerance of lenses whose surface relative curvatures change or whose meridians are rotated and cause powers to differ. Principal powers and meridians of lenses are analogous to eigenvalues and eigenvectors of symmetric matrices, which facilitates the calculation of powers and their residuals. Geometric paths in symmetric power space link intended refractive correction and these carefully chosen, undue refractive corrections. Principal meridians alone vary along an arc of a circle centred at the origin and corresponding powers vary autonomously along select diameters of that circle in symmetric power space. Depending on the path of the power change, residual lenses different from their prescription in principal powers and meridians are pure cross-cylindrical or spherocylindrical in nature. The location of residual power in symmetric dioptric power space and its optical cross-representation characterize the lens that must be added to the compensation to attain the power in the prescription.
Effectiveness of Intravenous Ephedrine Infusion during Spinal Anaesthesia for Caesarean Section Based on Maternal Hypotension, Neonatal Acid-base Status and Lactate Levels (2002)

Maternal cardiovascular changes and neonatal acid-base status, including lactate levels, were assessed in 30 healthy women undergoing elective caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia. Patients were allocated randomly to receive IV ephedrine infusion (n = 15) (5 mg.min(-1) immediately after the spinal injection or bolus administration of IV ephedrine (n = 15) (10 mg) in case of development of hypotension. Maternal and neonatal blood pressure, heart rate and acid-base status including lactate levels were compared between the groups. Systolic blood pressure in the bolus group was significantly lower when compared to the infusion group. Nausea was observed in one patient (6%) in the infusion group and nausea and vomiting were observed in 10 patients (66%) in the bolus group. Although umbilical arterial pH values were significantly lower in the bolus group, lactate levels were similar In conclusion, ephedrine infusion prevented maternal hypotension, reduced the incidence of nausea and vomiting and led to improved umbilical blood pH during spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section.