gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Citation linking (1997)

Article Citation linking: improving access to online journals Share on Authors: S. Hitchcock Department of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom Department of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United KingdomView Profile , L. Carr Department of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom Department of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United KingdomView Profile , S. Harris Department of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom Department of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United KingdomView Profile , J. M. N. Hey Department of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom Department of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United KingdomView Profile , W. Hall Department of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom Department of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United KingdomView Profile Authors Info & Claims DL '97: Proceedings of the second ACM international conference on Digital librariesJuly 1997 Pages 115–122https://doi.org/10.1145/263690.263804Online:01 July 1997Publication History 21citation970DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations21Total Downloads970Last 12 Months6Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Fly like a fly [micro-air vehicle (2005)

A team of scientists has built a fly-size flight simulator in an attempt to understand flight control from the perspective of the common housefly. Results so far have shown, and further tests are expected to confirm, that the fly uses a flight control paradigm that is completely different from that of a fighter jet. Whereas the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter takes a few measurements and then plugs them into complex equations, which it must solve in real time, the fly relies on many measurements from a variety of sensors but does relatively little computation. By discovering the fly's flight control scheme, the scientists hope to derive important lessons for the design of micro air vehicles, which attempt to approximate insect flight, and for high-performance aircraft in general.
Oral budesonide is as effective as oral prednisolone in active Crohn’s disease (1997)

Budesonide CIR, administered at 9 mg once daily or 4.5 mg twice daily, is comparable to prednisolone in inducing remission in active Crohn's disease. The single dose administration is as promptly effective as prednisolone and represents a simpler and safer therapeutic approach, with a considerable reduction in side effects.
Highly Diastereoselective Synthesis of Anomeric β-O-Glycopyranosyl Carbamates from Isocyanates (1996)

1-β-O-Glycopyranosyl carbamates are prepared with practically 100% β-diastereoselectivity from anomerically unprotected glycopyranosides and isocyanates. The isocyanates are prepared in situ from carboxylic acids via acyl azides.
Improving the Overall Efficiency of Automotive Inverters Using a Multilevel Converter Composed of Low Voltage Si mosfets (2018)

In order to improve the driving range and reduce the cost of battery electric vehicles through a higher efficiency, this paper proposes to adopt multilevel converters using low-voltage Si mosfets in the electric powertrains. A multilevel Si mosfet inverter, a conventional insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) inverter, and a SiC mosfet inverter are modeled and compared using a reference vehicle over various driving cycles. The costs of the three solutions are also compared. It is shown that the multilevel Si mosfet inverter has a rather high efficiency and realizes the lowest cost among the three solutions even when the worst case of cost is considered. Sensitivity analysis also shows that the multilevel Si mosfet inverter is suitable for a wide range of vehicle concepts in addition to the reference vehicle. Moreover, the multilevel topology also features lower electromagnetic interference and provides modularity. Therefore, Si mosfet-based multilevel inverters are proved in this paper to be an appropriate option to improve the efficiency and reduce the cost of electric powertrains.
REARING DAIRY HERD REPLACEMENTS (1978)

A reduction in the age of calving of heifers should give a quicker return on capital; reduce the number of dairy heifer replacements being reared at any one time; and allow the assessment of the genetic value of a heifer at a younger age. Target weights for first calving at different ages are suggested. The desired age of first calving may not be achieved because of late puberty. Age at puberty is affected both by growth rate and season of birth. The greatest deterrent to a reduced age at calving is the increased risk of dystokia.
A low-complexity ITU-compliant dual tone multiple frequency detector (2000)

We present the first dual tone multiple frequency (DTMF) signal detector that meets the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) Q24 DTMF standard when implemented on an K-bit microcontroller. Key innovations include the use of adaptive notch filters and sophisticated decision logic. The DTMF detector is well suited for a multichannel digital signal processor implementation.
Evolving Concepts About the Role of Acidosis in Ischemic Neuropathology (1993)

Cerebral ischemia is one of the most common neurological insults. Many pathological events are undoubtedly triggered by ischemia, but only recently has it become accepted that ischemic cell injury arises from a complex interaction between multiple biochemical cascades. Tissue acidosis is a well established feature of ischemic brain tissue, but its role in ischemic neuropathology is still not fully understood. Within the last few years, new evidence has challenged the historically negative view of acidosis and suggests that it may play more of a beneficial role than previously thought. This review reintroduces the concept of acidosis to ischemic brain injury and presents some new perspectives on its neuroprotective potential.
Large-scale directional relationship extraction and resolution (2008)

Thesaurus-based directional relation extraction can be done with reasonable accuracy, but is prone to false-positives on larger corpora due to noun modifiers. Furthermore, methods of resolving or disambiguating relationship context and contingencies are important for large-scale corpora.
1,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undecene Mediated Transesterification of<i>p</i>-Nitrophenyl Phosphonates: A Novel Route to Phosphono Esters (1993)

DBU (1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undecene) was found to efficiently mediate the transesterification of p-nitrophenyl (PNP) phosphonates by various alcohols. The reactions of bis-PNP phosphonates in the presence of DBU, using both primary and secondary alcohols, phenols and amines, proceed rapidly and with high yield to afford the corresponding monoalkyl/aryl mono-PNP phosphonates as sole products (1, Scheme 2). The resulting monoalkyl/aryl mono-PNP phosphonates can be further reacted with a second alcohol to give the corresponding differently disubstituted phosphonates 3, or selectively hydrolysed to yield the monoalkyl/aryl phosphonic acids 2. We have applied this chemistry to the preparation of a series of phosphono ester transition state analogues 11a-e (Scheme 3) that were used as haptens for raising catalytic antibodies.
An approach to high availability for cloud servers with snapshot mechanism (2012)

Virtualization technologies enable the execution of multiple virtual machine instances (VMs) with different operating systems (OSs) on the same physical host. Each VM instance functions independently as an isolated system with its own physical resources, OS and applications. Due to significant cost saving and efficiency, the virtualization model has been increasingly adapted by enterprises and service providers as their main computing and service delivery infrastructure, running critical internal business and external customer facing applications. To minimize down time due to unexpected VM crashes, a high availability or backup system is usually built into the infrastructure. There are many high availability technology options available such as replication, mirroring and fail over clustering. Most of these solutions are usually designed based on the traditional computing model, they are costly to implement, complicated and tedious to maintain, especially in a virtualized environment, and they often require additional expensive hardware and software components. In this paper, we introduce a simple, flexible, scalable, extensible, efficient and cost effective system which utilizes the current VM infrastructure and common utilities to provide a high availability solution in the virtualization environment. Our smart adaptive snapshot replication technique provides a smooth and reliable mechanism for cost-performance, wherein the amount of resources allocated for high availability solution can be adjusted based on available resources, utilization and customer requirements.
Opposing unfolded-protein-response signals converge on death receptor 5 to control apoptosis (2014)

Protein folding by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is physiologically critical; its disruption causes ER stress and augments disease. ER stress activates the unfolded protein response (UPR) to restore homeostasis. If stress persists, the UPR induces apoptotic cell death, but the mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we report that unmitigated ER stress promoted apoptosis through cell-autonomous, UPR-controlled activation of death receptor 5 (DR5). ER stressors induced DR5 transcription via the UPR mediator CHOP; however, the UPR sensor IRE1α transiently catalyzed DR5 mRNA decay, which allowed time for adaptation. Persistent ER stress built up intracellular DR5 protein, driving ligand-independent DR5 activation and apoptosis engagement via caspase-8. Thus, DR5 integrates opposing UPR signals to couple ER stress and apoptotic cell fate.
Photodecomposable bases. A novel concept to stabilize chemically amplified resists. (1995)

Standard positive tone chemically amplified resists usually suffer from a latent image instability caused by uncontrolled acid diffusion after their exposure. To improve the delay stability, novel resist additives with both high nucleophilicity and radiation sensitivity have been developed. Typical representatives include opium hydroxides, alkoxides, or carboxylates, which act as strong bases in aqueous media. The compounds decompose into neutral fragments upon exposure but preserve their basic character in the unexposed areas. This enables a selective neutralization of the diffusing acid in areas of intended unexposure. When applied to a chemically amplified resist system the shelf life of the resist solution, the film life stability and the delay time stability are significantly improved, while the photospeed is only marginally deteriorated. Enhanced resolution capability, and improved latitudes are additional benefits.
Phase Only RF Precoding for Massive MIMO Systems With Limited RF Chains (2014)

Massive MIMO systems promise high spectrum efficiency by deploying <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$M \gg 1$</tex></formula> antennas at the base station (BS). However, to achieve the full gain provided by massive MIMO, the BS requires <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$M$</tex> </formula> radio frequency (RF) chains, which are expensive. This motivates us to consider RF-chain limited massive MIMO systems with <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$M$</tex> </formula> antennas but only <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$S \ll M$</tex></formula> RF chains. We propose a two-stage precoding scheme to efficiently exploit the large spatial degree of freedom (DoF) gain in massive MIMO systems with limited RF chains and reduced channel state information (CSI) signaling overhead. In this scheme, the MIMO precoder is partitioned into a high-dimensional phase only RF precoder followed by a low-dimensional baseband precoder. The RF precoder is adaptive to the spatial correlation matrices for inter-cluster interference mitigation. The baseband precoder is adaptive to the reduced dimensional “effective” CSI for intra-cluster spatial multiplexing. We formulate the two stage precoding problem such that the minimum (weighted) average data rate of users is maximized under the phase only constraint on the RF precoder and the limited RF chain constraint. This is a combinatorial optimization problem which is in general NP-hard. We propose a low complexity solution based on a novel bi-convex approximation approach. Simulations show that the proposed design has significant gain over various baselines.
Hydrolysis of grape monoterpenyl .beta.-D-glucosides by various .beta.-glucosidases (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrolysis of grape monoterpenyl .beta.-D-glucosides by various .beta.-glucosidasesY. Ziya Gunata, Claude L. Bayonove, Claude Tapiero, and Robert E. CordonnierCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1990, 38, 5, 1232–1236Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00095a016https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00095a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views510Altmetric-Citations127LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
IERS Conventions (1996). (1996)

This document is intended to define the standard reference systems realized by the International Earth Rotation Service (IERS) and the models and procedures used for this purpose. It is a continuation of the series of documents begun with the Project MERIT Standards (Melbourne et al., 1983) and continued with the IERS Standards (McCarthy, 1989; McCarthy, 1992) and IERS Conventions (McCarthy, 1996). The current issue of the IERS Conventions is called the IERS Conventions (2003). When referenced in recommendations and articles published in past years, this document may have been referred to as the IERS Conventions (2000). All of the products of the IERS may be considered to be consistent with the description in this document. If contributors to the IERS do not fully comply with these guidelines, they will carefully identify the exceptions. In these cases, the contributor provides an assessment of the elects of the departures from the conventions so that its results can be referred to the IERS Reference Systems. Contributors may use models equivalent to those specified herein. Products obtained with different observing methods have varying sensitivity to the adopted standards and reference systems, but no attempt has been made in this document to assess this sensitivity. The reference systems and procedures of the IERS are based on the resolutions of international scientific unions. The celestial system is based on IAU (International Astronomical Union) Resolution A4 (1991). It was officially initiated and named by IAU Resolution B2 (1997) and its definition was further refined by IAU Resolution B1 (2000). The terrestrial system is based on IUGG Resolution 2 (1991). The transformation between celestial and terrestrial systems is based on IAU Resolution B1 (2000).
Osteoclastic Bone Resorption by a Polarized Vacuolar Proton Pump (1989)

Bone resorption depends on the formation, by osteoclasts, of an acidic extracellular compartment wherein matrix is degraded. The mechanism by which osteoclasts transport protons into that resorptive microenvironment was identified by means of adenosine triphosphate-dependent weak base accumulation in isolated osteoclast membrane vesicles, which exhibited substrate and inhibition properties characteristic of the vacuolar, electrogenic H+-transporting adenosine triphosphatase (H+-ATPase). Identify of the proton pump was confirmed by immunoblot of osteoclast membrane proteins probed with antibody to vacuolar H+-ATPase isolated from bovine kidney. The osteoclast's H+-ATPase was immunocytochemically localized to the cell-bone attachment site. Immunoelectron microscopy showed that the H+-ATPase was present in the ruffled membrane, the resorptive organ of the cell.
“Catalytic Engine” NOx Reduction of Diesel Engines with New Concept Onboard Ammonia Synthesis System (1992)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Ammonia is one of the most useful compounds that react with NOx selectively on a catalyst, such as V&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt;-TiO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, under oxygen containing exhaust gas. However ammonia cannot be stored because of its toxicity for the small power generator in populated areas or for the diesel vehicles. A new concept for NOx reduction in diesel engine using ammonia is introduced. This system is constructed from the hydrogen generator by fuel reformer, the ammonia synthesizer, SCR catalyst for NOx reduction and the gas injection system of reformed gas into the cylinder.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Experimental results show that, the SCR catalyst provides a very high rate of NOx reduction, reformed gas injection into cylinder is very effective for particulate reduction.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;WHEN CONSIDERING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES of the 1990's the question of how to harmonize the engine with the natural environments is one of the greatest problems. The internal combustion engine changes a substance into energy via its explosive combustion. However, a lot of effort and energy is consumed to eliminate harmful components produced by the combustion process. If it were only possible to take out energy efficiently without producing harmful components by some catalytic conversion process. This idea is the basic concept of the “Catalytic engine” proposed here.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The diesel engine, which is widely used for vehicles, has the highest thermal efficiency among the internal combustion engines and minimizes the entropy increase. The major problem to be solved in diesel engines is the elimination of NOx and particulate in the exhaust gas. If those exhaust emission problems could be overcome, the diesel engine would be further harmonized with the natural environment.&lt;/div&gt;
CryptoLock (and Drop It): Stopping Ransomware Attacks on User Data (2016)

Ransomware is a growing threat that encrypts auser's files and holds the decryption key until a ransom ispaid by the victim. This type of malware is responsible fortens of millions of dollars in extortion annually. Worse still, developing new variants is trivial, facilitating the evasion of manyantivirus and intrusion detection systems. In this work, we presentCryptoDrop, an early-warning detection system that alerts a userduring suspicious file activity. Using a set of behavior indicators, CryptoDrop can halt a process that appears to be tampering witha large amount of the user's data. Furthermore, by combininga set of indicators common to ransomware, the system can beparameterized for rapid detection with low false positives. Ourexperimental analysis of CryptoDrop stops ransomware fromexecuting with a median loss of only 10 files (out of nearly5,100 available files). Our results show that careful analysis ofransomware behavior can produce an effective detection systemthat significantly mitigates the amount of victim data loss.
A phased translation function (1988)

A phased translation function, which takes advantage of prior phase information to determine the position of an oriented molecular replacement model, is examined. The function is the coefficient of correlation between the electron density computed with the prior phases and the electron density of the translated model, evaluated in reciprocal space as a Fourier transform. The correlation coefficient used in this work is closely related to an overlap function devised by Colman, Fehlhammer & Bartels [in Crystallographic Computing Techniques (1976), edited by F. R. Ahmed, K. Huml & B. Sedlacek, pp. 248–258. Copenhagen: Munksgaard]. Tests with two protein structures, one of which was solved with the help of the phased translation function, show that little phase information is required to resolve the translation problem, and that the function is relatively insensitive to misorientation of the model.
Scanning Probe Microscopy (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTScanning Probe MicroscopyLawrence A. BottomleyView Author Information School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400 Cite this: Anal. Chem. 1998, 70, 12, 425–476Publication Date (Web):May 19, 1998Publication History Published online19 May 1998Published inissue 1 June 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/a1980011ohttps://doi.org/10.1021/a1980011oreview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2734Altmetric-Citations96LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Deposition,Molecules,Monolayers,Probes,Scanning tunneling microscopy Get e-Alerts