gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Soybean Response to Sudden Death Syndrome: Inheritance Influenced by Cyst Nematode Resistance in Pyramid × Douglas Progenies (1996)

To determine the inheritance of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.J response to sudden death syndrome (SDS), 90 F 6 ‐derived lines from the cross of ‘Pyramid’ × ‘Douglas’ were tested in field conditions in two replications of each of six southern Illinois environments naturally infested with the SDS pathogen Fusarium solani (Mart.) Appel &amp; Wollenw. emend. Snyd. &amp; Hans. Lines were rated for disease incidence (DI, 0–100%), disease severity (DS, 1–9), and the reproductive growth stage (R). The DI and DS were standardized to the full pod (R6) growth stage. Disease index was calculated as DI × DS/9, with a possible range of 0 (no disease) to 100 (all plants dead). Lines were also characterized in the greenhouse as resistant or susceptible to soybean cyst nematode (SCN; Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) Races 3 and 14. The group of SCN resistant lines was significantly less susceptible to SDS than the SCN susceptible group in three of the six environments. In Pulaski 1991, lines with SCN Race 3 and 14 resistance were significantly more susceptible to SDS on average than the SCN susceptible lines and than the lines with SCN Race 3 resistance only. Multigenic inheritance was implicated because the frequency distributions of SDS response were continuous with a large range (8–12 times the standard error of a line mean) in all environments and were unimodal in all but one environment. On the basis of line means, heritability estimates within environment ranged from 0.68 to 0.83 and across environments were 0.75, indicating that soybean response to SDS is highly heritable. There was a significant genotype × environment interaction in these lines emphasizing the need for multiple‐environment testing for effective selection of stable resistance to SDS.
Identification and Characterization of a Conserved Erythroid-specific Enhancer Located in Intron 8 of the Human 5-Aminolevulinate Synthase 2 Gene (1998)

Thirty five kilobases of sequence encompassing the human erythroid 5-aminolevulinate synthase (ALAS2) gene have been determined. Analysis revealed a very low GC content, few repetitive elements, and evidence for the insertion of a reverse-transcribed mRNA sequence and a neighboring gene. We have investigated whether introns 1, 3, and 8, which correspond to DNase I-hypersensitivity sites in the structurally related mouse ALAS2 gene, affect expression of the human ALAS2 promoter in transient expression assays. Whereas intron 3 was marginally inhibitory, introns 1 and 8 of the human gene stimulated promoter activity. Intron 8 harbored a strong erythroid-specific enhancer activity which was orientation-dependent. Deletion analysis of this region localized enhancer activity to a fragment of 239 base pairs. Transcription factor binding sites clustered within this region include GATA motifs and CACCC boxes, critical regulatory sequences of many erythroid cell-expressed genes. These sites were also identified in the corresponding intron of both the murine and canine ALAS2 genes. Mutagenesis of these conserved sites in the human intron 8 sequence and transient expression analysis in erythroid cells established the functional importance of one GATA motif and two CACCC boxes. The GATA motif bound GATA-1 in vitro. The two functional CACCC boxes each bound Sp1 or a related protein in vitro, but binding of the erythroid Krüppel-like factor and the basic Krüppel-like factor could not be detected. The intron 8 enhancer region was not activated by GATA-1 together with Sp1 in transactivation experiments in COS-1 cells indicating the involvement of a related Sp1 protein or of another unidentified erythroid factor. Overall, these results demonstrate that a GATA-1-binding site and CACCC boxes located within the human ALAS2 intron 8 are critical for the erythroid-specific enhancer activity in transfected erythroid cells, and due to the conserved nature of these binding sites across species, it seems likely that these sites play a functional role in the tissue-restricted expression of the gene in vivo.
Optimal trajectory control of constant frequency series resonant converter (2002)

An optimal trajectory control (OTC) scheme is proposed for the constant frequency series resonant power converter (CF-SRC). The design of the control scheme is based on the graphical state-plane analysis of the CF-SRC and is aimed at determining the switching instants which force the tank circuit voltage and current to track their optimal trajectory for a given switching cycle. This approach provides a suitable framework to achieve the lowest possible response time with guaranteed stability. Using a near-linear form of the control law, the OTC is implemented to control a CF-SRC. Results are presented to demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed control scheme.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Development of a New Type Fault Locator Using the One-Terminal Voltage and Current Data (1982)

A new type fault locator has been developed, that calculates the reactance of a faulty line, with a micro-processor, using the one-terminal voltage and current data of the transmission line. Errors caused by various factors such as load flow, fault resistance, and the unsymmetrical arrangement of the transmission line, are automatically corrected. The equipment is now under field test, and during the nine months of the field test, the equipment has operated satisfactorily.
Single-shot phase imaging with a coded aperture (2014)

We present a method of quantitatively acquiring a large complex field, containing not only amplitude information but also phase information, based on single-shot phase imaging with a coded aperture (SPICA). In SPICA, the propagating field from an object illuminated by partially coherent visible light is sieved by a coded mask, and the sieved field propagates to an image sensor, where it is captured. The sieved field is recovered from the single captured intensity image via a phase retrieval algorithm with an amplitude support constraint using the mask pattern, and then the object's complex field is reconstructed from the recovered sieved field by an algorithm employing a sparsity constraint based on compressive sensing. The system model and the theoretical bounds of SPICA are derived. We also verified the concept with numerical demonstrations.
Complications and Problems Related to Pedicle Screw Fixation of the Spine (2003)

This retrospective study analyzes the complications and the problems developed during and after pedicle screw fixation in patients with spinal disorders and trauma. One hundred twelve patients were treated using the Cotrel-Dubousset pedicle screw fixation system for degenerative disease (57 patients), trauma (42 patients), infection (eight patients), and tumor (five patients) of the lumbar or thoracolumbar spine. The average age of the patients was 47 years and the average followup was 35 months. Forty-seven general complications were seen in 41 patients (36.5%). In addition, hardware failures were observed in 12 patients (10.7%), junctional problems were seen in five patients (4.5%), problems in the instrumented segments were seen in 39 patients (34.7%), and problems of balance occurred in five patients (4.5%). Although the rate of the reported complications was high, the final outcome of the patients was not affected significantly. Placement of the pedicle screws in the thoracolumbar and lumbar spine is a technically demanding procedure. It should be used by experienced and qualified surgeons who are aware of the pitfalls associated with its use.
Lithium and Pregnancy—I, Report from the Register of Lithium Babies (1973)

We have collected information about 118 children born to mothers who were given lithium treatment during the first trimester of pregnancy. The data show that the risk of teratogenic effects is lower than one might have expected from some of the studies carried out on rats and mice; they do not answer the question of whether or not lithium is teratogenic in man. The data were collected retrospectively and therefore overestimate rather than underestimate the risk of teratogenicity.
Intrinsic Chromophores and Fluorophores in Synthetic Molecular Receptors (1993)

As an alternative to the conjugation of extrinsic chromophores and fluorophores to biomolecular binding sites, light absorbing and emitting moieties can be incorporated into the molecular structure of a designed receptor. The resulting intrinsic chromophores and fluorophores can respond directly to complexation of analytes, such as metal ions and organic molecules, maximizing the probability that binding will produce useful optical effects. Macrocyclic ligands (torands), consisting of fully fused rings defining the molecular perimeter, exhibit useful fluorescence effects upon protonation and complexation of metal cations. Another macrocycle (5) undergoes ion selective tautomerism, producing a dramatic color change. Structurally related hexagonal lattice hosts bind organic molecules, such as guanidine, benzamidine and creatinine. Conformational changes, hydrogen bonding and polarization effects cause useful optical changes in the intrinsic chromophores and fluorophores in these synthetic molecular receptors.
A contrast source inversion method (1997)

This paper describes a simple algorithm for reconstructing the complex index of refraction of a bounded object immersed in a known background from a knowledge of how the object scatters known incident radiation. The method described here is versatile accommodating both spatially and frequency varying incident fields and allowing a priori information about the scatterer to be introduced in a simple fashion. Numerical results show that this new algorithm outperforms the modified gradient approach which until now has been one of the most effective reconstruction algorithms available.
CREB/ATF-dependent T cell receptor–induced <i>FoxP3</i> gene expression: a role for DNA methylation (2007)

Regulatory T cells (T reg cells) are a population of CD4+ T cells that limit immune responses. FoxP3 is a master control transcription factor for development and function of these cells, but its regulation is poorly understood. We have identified a T cell receptor-responsive enhancer in the FoxP3 first intron that is dependent on a cyclic-AMP response element binding protein (CREB)/activating transcription factor (ATF) site overlapping a CpG island. Methylation of this island inversely correlates with CREB binding and FoxP3 expression. Interestingly, transforming growth factor-beta, which induces T reg cell formation, decreases methylation of the CpG island and increases FoxP3 expression. Similarly, inhibiting methylation with 5-azacytidine or knocking down the DNA methyltransferase Dnmt1 also induces FoxP3 expression. Conversely, methylation of the CpG island, which decreases CREB binding or expression of dominant-negative CREB, decreases FoxP3 gene expression. Thus, T cell receptor-induced FoxP3 expression in T reg cells is controlled both by sequence-specific binding of CREB/ATF and by DNA methylation of a CpG island.
Oxygen Reduction Behavior of Highly Porous Non-Noble Metal Catalysts Prepared by a Template-Assisted Synthesis Route (2008)

Highly porous non-noble metal catalysts have been prepared by template-assisted synthesis, a nanocasting procedure. A mesoporous silica gel was used to prepare different oxygen reduction catalysts. The synthesis procedure consists of the following steps: impregnation of the template with different transition metal salts ( or ), pore filling of the impregnated host material with pyrrole, polymerization of pyrrole with hydrochloric acid and subsequent carbonization in argon as well as final liberation of the catalyst material by dissolving the template framework and the transition metal in hydrofluoric acid. The obtained catalyst samples are highly porous and exhibit outstanding oxygen reduction behavior. The Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller method surface areas between 670 and and pore volumes ranging from have been observed. Onset potentials up to were recorded during the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Different parameters affecting ORR activity (e.g., metal source, metal concentration of host material, annealing temperature) have been investigated and are discussed. Corresponding non-noble metal catalysts have been characterized by X-ray diffraction measurements, elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and nitrogen adsorption.
Ultrathin GaAs solar cells using germanium substrates (2002)

The authors present their approach of etch thinning to produce ultrathin (less than 6 mu m GaAs thickness) devices utilizing cheaper Ge substrates to attack the problems of high cost and mass. The use of a double heterostructure GaAs cell design and a total loss etch process to produce devices of only 6 mu m GaAs thickness is discussed. The benefits of this process in comparison with alternative ultrathin GaAs cell techniques are outlined. The mass specific power of this class of device using a 100 mu m coverglass can exceed 670 W/kg at the connector integrated cell level, compared with less than 330 W/kg for 100 mu m silicon cells.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Basophilic Leukemia in a Dog (1972)

A case of basophilic myelogenous leukemia in a dog is reported. There was only 1% of basophiles in the peripheral blood. These cells and immature granulocytes were dominant in bone marrow and in other organs. The γ-globulin was slightly increased and the macrogammaglobulin decreased.
Realization of an innovative 3D imaging digital beamforming radar system (2011)

An innovative 24 GHz digital beamforming radar system for three-dimensional imaging is addressed in this paper. The presented FMCW radar is characterized by an orthogonal arrangement of a transmitter and receiver antenna array in order to perform digital beamforming in two dimensions. By temporal multiplexing of the transmitter channels and parallel-operated receivers, each propagation path from the mth transmit antenna to the object to the nth receive antenna is made available to the signal processing. The three-dimensional imaging concept and the realized digital beamforming radar as well as signal processing aspects concerning sensor calibration are described in this paper.
Assessment of moisture content measurement methods for printed circuit boards. (2010)

Using embedded structures in printed circuit boards, changes in moisture content have been monitored using route-impulse-energy measurement, capacitance measurement and weight gain. All three methods showed good correlation for different prepregs with similar structures.

Two designs of capacitor plate, a solid plate and a multi slotted plate, showed significantly larger percentage increases in capacitance values (10%) than the corresponding mass increases (0.35%) from moisture ingression effects. A good correlation was also obtained between the RIE measurement results and the board mass changes The RIE values showed significantly larger percentage increases (20%) than the corresponding mass increases (0.35%) over a similar timeframe.

Although some results indicated a slightly greater moisture take-up for the 2116 prepreg samples compared to the 7628 prepreg samples, the majority of measurements did not show significant performance differences between the two prepreg types.

Both the RIE measurement and capacitance methods show promise in evaluating the moisture content of printed circuit boards. Capacitance measurements using capacitors of a solid plate design, have the disadvantage of inhibiting the take up of moisture if the plates are near the surface of the PCB. RIE coupons have an aspect ratio which enables them to be relatively easily incorporated into the break-off panel that commonly occurs around the outside of many PCB designs during manufacture. Provided that similar coupons had been characterised in the dry condition previously, and that the PCB has the same build characteristics, both types of coupon could be interrogated immediately prior to assembly, to determine the current level of moisture content.
Highly multiplexed imaging of single cells using a high-throughput cyclic immunofluorescence method (2015)

Single-cell analysis reveals aspects of cellular physiology not evident from population-based studies, particularly in the case of highly multiplexed methods such as mass cytometry (CyTOF) able to correlate the levels of multiple signalling, differentiation and cell fate markers. Immunofluorescence (IF) microscopy adds information on cell morphology and the microenvironment that are not obtained using flow-based techniques, but the multiplicity of conventional IF is limited. This has motivated development of imaging methods that require specialized instrumentation, exotic reagents or proprietary protocols that are difficult to reproduce in most laboratories. Here we report a public-domain method for achieving high multiplicity single-cell IF using cyclic immunofluorescence (CycIF), a simple and versatile procedure in which four-colour staining alternates with chemical inactivation of fluorophores to progressively build a multichannel image. Because CycIF uses standard reagents and instrumentation and is no more expensive than conventional IF, it is suitable for high-throughput assays and screening applications.
Synthetic interferometer radar for topographic mapping (1974)

The production of topographic maps requires two kinds of information. First, the detail to be placed on the map sheet must be identified. Second, the positions of the various objects and features must be measured in three dimensions. Current airborne radar technology provides the means to satisfy both of these requirements in adverse weather and at any time, day or night. Radar used specifically for this purpose employs synthetic-aperture techniques to obtain fine resolution measurement in two dimensions and interferometry to obtain the third measurement.
Diamination of Phenylene Dihalides Catalyzed by a Dicopper Complex (2012)

Diamination of phenylene dihalides with aqueous ammonia to give the corresponding phenylenediamines can be achieved by using a dicopper complex [Cu(2)(bpnp)(OH)(CF(3)COO)(3)] (1) (bpnp = 2,7-bis(pyridine-2-yl)-l,8-naphthyridine) as the catalyst in the presence of Bu(4)NBr and Cs(2)CO(3) in high yields. In addition, 1,3,5-tribromobenzene was converted into benzenetriamine quantitatively under the same conditions. This method offers a new opportunity, particularly simplifying steps and increasing yields, for the preparation of aryl diamines.
Recovery from exercise-induced desaturation in the quadriceps muscles of elite competitive rowers (1992)

A simple muscle tissue spectrophotometer is adapted to measure the recovery time (TR) for hemoglobin/myoglobin (Hb/Mb) desaturation in the capillary bed of exercising muscle, termed a deoxygenation meter. The use of the instrument for measuring the extent of deoxygenation is presented, but the use of TR avoids difficulties of quantifying Hb/Mb saturation changes. The TR reflects the balance of oxygen delivery and oxygen demand in the localized muscles of the quadriceps following work near maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) in elite male and female rowers (a total of 22) on two occasions, 1 yr apart. TR ranged from 10 to 80 s and was interpreted as a measure of the time for repayment of oxygen and energy deficits accumulated during intense exercise by tissue respiration under ADP control. The Hb/Mb resaturation times provide a noninvasive localized indication of the degree of O2 delivery stress as evoked by rowing ergometry and may provide directions for localized muscle power output improvement for particular individuals in rowing competitions.
Vaccination with‘concealed’antigens: myth or reality? (1991)

Cattle infested with the tick Boophilus microplus produce antibodies to intrinsic membrane glycoproteins of the tick, as well as to Bm86, a well characterized antigen from the tick gut. Several factors explain how cattle could produce antibody to such antigens, which one would expect to be 'concealed' from the host's immune system, during natural infestation. It has been shown that the carbohydrate determinants on many tick glycoproteins are cross-reactive immunologically and that the reaction of bovine antibodies with intrinsic membrane glycoprotein is at least partially blocked by low molecular weight carbohydrate. Further, antisera from cattle exposed to ticks react with a glycosylated, native Bm86 but not with a non-glycosylated, recombinant Bm86. Thus the reaction of concealed antigens with antibodies produced as a result of tick infestation appears to be due to a relatively non-specific reaction with carbohydrate determinants on tick glycoprotein. Evidence is also presented that antibodies directed against carbohydrate determinants of Bm86 are not protective. Care must therefore be exercised in interpreting the results of antibody reaction with glycoproteins in such complex organisms.
Combined RLS-LMS initialization for per tone equalizers in DMT-receivers (2003)

In discrete multitone receivers, the classical equalizer structure consists of a (real) time domain equalizer (TEQ) combined with complex one-tap frequency domain equalizers. An alternative receiver is based on a per tone equalization (PTEQ), which optimizes the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) on each tone separately and, hence, the total bitrate. In this paper, a new initialization scheme for the PTEQ is introduced, based on a combination of least mean squares (LMS) and recursive least squares (RLS) adaptive filtering. It is shown that the proposed method has only slightly slower convergence than full square-root RLS (SR-RLS) while complexity as well as memory cost are reduced considerably. Hence, in terms of complexity and convergence speed, the proposed algorithm is in between LMS and RLS.
Pleiotropic Effects of Statins on the Vascular Tissue (2001)

The statins are lipid-lowering agents that act by inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase. This enzyme is responsible for the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate. Products of mevalonate metabolism are critical for several cellular processes of eukaryotic cells, and inhibition of the mevalonate pathway by statins has pleiotropic effects. It has been reported that statins inhibit the migration and proliferation of vascular smooth cells (VSMCs), reduce interleukin-6 expression in VSMCs, improve endothelium-dependent vasomotion, and inhibit the expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and matrix metalloproteinases in endothelial cells. These effects of statins are independent of plasma cholesterol level, and are completely blocked by exogenous mevalonate and some isoprenoids. These findings suggest that statins exert direct antiatherosclerotic effects on the vascular wall beyond their effects on plasma lipids.
Development of straight style transfer equipment for lower limbs disabled "ABLE" (2006)

We developed straight style transfer equipment for a person with disabled legs. It realizes travel in a standing position even on uneven ground, standing-up motion from a chair, and ascending stairs. This equipment consists of three modules: a pair of telescopic crutches, a powered lower extremity orthosis, and a pair of mobile platforms. The prototype of the power lower extremity orthosis is presented in this paper. We show the conceptual design of the equipment and the motion of each module. Cooperative operations using three modules are discussed through simulations. In previous studies, these motions had a problem with adaptability to the environment and safety because it had executed the movement that relied on telescopic crutches. In this paper, a new motion technique suitable for an actual environment is proposed, and it is compared with the previous method