gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The acute and the long‐term effects of nigral lipopolysaccharide administration on dopaminergic dysfunction and glial cell activation (2005)

Sustained reactive microgliosis may contribute to the progressive degeneration of nigral dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD), in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) exposed human and in non-human primates. However, the temporal relationship between glial cell activation and nigral cell death is relatively unexplored. Consequently, the effects of acute (24 h) and chronic (30 days) glial cell activation induced by unilateral supranigral lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration were studied in rats. At 24 h, LPS administration caused a marked reduction in the number of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive (TH-ir) neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) but striatal TH-ir was unaffected. By 30 days, the loss of TH-positive neurons in the LPS-treated nigra was no greater than at 24 h although a heterogeneous loss of striatal TH-ir was present. The loss of nigrostriatal neurons was of functional significance, as at 30 days, LPS-treated rats exhibited ipsiversive circling in response to (+)-amphetamine administration. At 24 h, there was a moderate increase in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-ir astrocytes in the SN but a marked elevation of p47phox positive OX-42-ir microglia, and intense inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-ir and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT)-ir was present. However, by 30 days the morphology of OX-42-ir microglia returned to a resting state, the numbers were greatly reduced and no 3-NT-ir was present. At 30 days, GFAP-ir astrocytes were markedly increased in number and iNOS-ir was present in fibrillar astrocyte-like cells. This study shows that acute glial activation leading to dopaminergic neuron degeneration is an acute short-lasting response that does not itself perpetuate cell death or lead to prolonged microglial activation.
Sound Connections: An Aural Epistemology of Proximity and Distance in Urban Culture (2004)

In this paper I analyse the nature of proximity and distance as experienced through the use of sound-communication technologies. I argue that contemporary media-based analyses of communication technologies often fail to take into account the specific relational qualities attached to forms of ‘sound’ consumption. The meanings and uses attached to sound technologies are then conceptualised through reinterpreting three iconic historical moments of sound consumption in Western culture: Horkheimer and Adorno's account of the meeting between Odysseus and the Sirens in The Dialectic of Enlightenment, and early-20th-century accounts of the use of the phonograph and radio taken from the work of Kracauer and Taussig. One example is situated in the mythic prehistory of Western culture, the other two from its ‘heroic’ period of mechanical reproduction. These examples are used to point to what an analytical framework for understanding contemporary states of aural proximity and distance might look like. The paper points to the manner in which the use of sound technologies can be understood as part of the Western project of the appropriation and control of space, place, and the ‘other’. In particular I focus upon the specific relational qualities attached to sound through which subjects relate to their surroundings, others, and themselves, focusing upon the central role that aestheticisation plays as a strategy of the control of place and space. The analysis is contextualised through a contemporary analysis of that most mobile and privatised of media artefacts, the Walkman.
Cyclic AMP-insensitive Activation of c-Src and Syk Protein-tyrosine Kinases through Platelet Membrane Glycoprotein VI (1995)

Platelet glycoprotein (GP) VI is a so-far uncharacterized 62-kDa membrane protein, whose deficiency results in selective impairment in collagen-induced platelet aggregation. Our group previously reported a human polyclonal antibody (anti-p62 IgG) that induces activation of normal, but not of GPVI-deficient, platelets in an Fc-independent manner. The F(ab')2 fragments of this antibody (F(ab')2-anti-p62) stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of numerous proteins, which was not prevented even in the presence of cAMP-increasing agents such as prostacyclin. Pretreatment of platelets with the protein-tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitor tyrphostin A47 completely abolished F(ab')2-anti-p62-induced platelet aggregation in parallel with dose-dependent inhibition of protein-tyrosine phosphorylation, indicating an essential requirement of PTK activity for generating GPVI-mediated signaling. We found that two cytosolic PTKs, c-Src and Syk, became rapidly activated in response to F(ab')2-anti-p62 in a way insensitive to elevation of cAMP. In contrast, in the presence of prostacyclin, F(ab')2-anti-p62 did not stimulate tyrosine phosphorylation of the focal adhesion kinase. cAMP-insensitive activation of c-Src and Syk was also observed in collagen but not thrombin-stimulated platelets. Moreover, either F(ab')2-anti-p62 or collagen stimulated cAMP-insensitive tyrosine phosphorylation of phospholipase C-gamma 2. These results indicate that the receptor-mediated activation of several PTKs in platelets is regulated through a cAMP-sensitive or -insensitive mechanism depending on the nature of each stimulus, and also suggest that GPVI engagement is coupled to cAMP-insensitive activation of c-Src and Syk accompanied by tyrosine phosphorylation of numerous substrates including phospholipase C-gamma 2 in a manner similar to collagen stimulation.
Comprehensive heterocyclic chemistry II: a review of the literature, 1982-1995: the structure, reactions, synthesis, and uses of heterocyclic compounds (1998)

Hardbound. Since its publication in 1984, Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry (CHEC) has become the standard work on the subject, indispensable to all serious readers in the multitudinous areas where heterocycles are employed. Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry II has two major aims: to report in the enormous advances in the subject of the last decade and to extend the coverage into areas where CHEC left significant gaps. The latter includes particularly saturated and partially saturated compounds, rings containing less common heteroatoms, and many classes of bicyclic and polycyclic systems. Material included in CHEC is, for the most part, not repeated in CHEC II and the two works are designed to be used together.
Conformationally asymmetric block copolymers (1997)

The standard parameters controlling AB diblock copolymer phase behavior are χN and fA, where χ is an A-B segment interaction parameter, N is the overall degree of polymerization, and fA is the volume fraction of the A block. Recently, it has been recognized that the ratio of the A and B statistical segment lengths αA/αB also represents another important parameter. Here, we theoretically examine the effects of this latter parameter on the phase behavior using the standard Gaussian chain model. Calculations are performed using both self-consistent field theory (SCFT) and strong segregation theory (SST). The ratio αA/αB is shown to have strong effects on order-order phase boundaries. Furthermore, it significantly affects the relative stability of the complex phases. In particular, it enhances the metastability of the perforated lamellar phase and may actually cause it to become an equilibrium structure. We also illustrate that varying αA/αB produces large changes in the relative domain spacings at order-order phase boundaries, which could strongly affect the kinetics of these transitions. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 35: 945–952, 1997
Functional Cooperativity Between Transcription Factors UBF1 and SL1 Mediates Human Ribosomal RNA Synthesis (1988)

The human ribosomal RNA promoter contains two distinct control elements (UCE and core) both of which are recognized by the sequence-specific DNA binding protein UBF1, which has now been purified to apparent homogeneity. The purified factor activates RNA polymerase I (RNA pol I) transcription through direct interactions with either control element. A second RNA pol I transcription factor, designated SL1, participates in the promoter recognition process and is required to reconstitute transcription in vitro. Although SL1 alone has no sequence-specific DNA binding activity, deoxyribonuclease I footprinting experiments reveal that a cooperative interaction between UBF1 and SL1 leads to the formation of a new protein-DNA complex at the UCE and core elements. In vitro transcription experiments indicate that formation of the UBF1-SL1 complex is vital for transcriptional activation by UBF1. Thus, protein-protein interactions between UBF1 and SL1 are required for targeting of SL1 to cis-control sequences of the promoter.
Structure compilation (2008)

Structured models often achieve excellent performance but can be slow at test time. We investigate structure compilation, where we replace structure with features, which are often computationally simpler but unfortunately statistically more complex. We analyze this tradeoff theoretically and empirically on three natural language processing tasks. We also introduce a simple method to transfer predictive power from structure to features via unlabeled data, while incurring a minimal statistical penalty.
Exercise Intolerance in Adult Congenital Heart Disease (2005)

Exercise capacity is depressed in ACHD patients (even in allegedly asymptomatic patients) on a par with chronic heart failure subjects. Lack of heart rate response to exercise, pulmonary arterial hypertension, and impaired pulmonary function are important correlates of exercise capacity, as is underlying cardiac anatomy. Poor exercise capacity identifies ACHD patients at risk for hospitalization or death.
Prostate specific antigen levels and clinical response to low dose dexamethasone for hormone-refractory metastatic prostate carcinoma (1995)

Low dose DXM may produce important symptomatic improvement and decreased PSA levels in the majority of patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer. In addition, a substantial percentage of those patients with decreases in PSA also will have radiographic evidence of disease regression. These results suggest the need for additional prospective controlled studies of DXM as a therapy for hormone-refractory prostate cancer.
Decimeter-level localization with a single WiFi access point (2016)

We present Chronos, a system that enables a single WiFi access point to localize clients to within tens of centimeters. Such a system can bring indoor positioning to homes and small businesses which typically have a single access point.

The key enabler underlying Chronos is a novel algorithm that can compute sub-nanosecond time-of-flight using commodity WiFi cards. By multiplying the time-of-flight with the speed of light, a MIMO access point computes the distance between each of its antennas and the client, hence localizing it. Our implementation on commodity WiFi cards demonstrates that Chronos's accuracy is comparable to state-of-the-art localization systems, which use four or five access points.
Altered apoptosis pathways in mantle cell lymphoma detected by oligonucleotide microarray (2001)

An imbalance between cellular apoptosis and survival may be critical for the pathogenesis of lymphoma. Therefore, the gene expression pattern in lymph node preparations from patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) was compared to the pattern in nonmalignant hyperplastic lymph nodes (HLs). Oligonucleotide microarray analysis was performed comparing 5 MCLs to 4 HLs using high-density microarrays. The expression data were analyzed using Genespring software. For confirmation, the expression of selected genes was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction using the RNA extracted from 16 MCL and 12 HL samples. The focus was on 42 genes that were at least 3-fold down-regulated in MCL; in addition to the B-cell leukemia 2 (BCL2) system other apoptotic pathways were altered in MCL. The FAS-associated via death domain (FADD) gene that acts downstream of the FAS cascade as a key gene to induce apoptosis was more than 10-fold down-regulated in MCL. Furthermore, the death-associated protein 6 (DAXX) gene, the caspase 2 (CASP2) gene, and the RIPK1 domain containing adapter with death domain (RAIDD) gene, which are key genes in other proapoptotic pathways, were also decreased in the MCL samples. The suggestion is made that in addition to the known overexpression of cyclin D1, which drives entry into the cell cycle, disturbances of pathways associated with apoptosis contribute to the development of MCL. (Blood. 2001;98:787-794)
Promising Strategies for the Prevention of Dementia (2009)

The incidence and prevalence of dementia are expected to increase several-fold in the coming decades. Given that the current pharmaceutical treatment of dementia can only modestly improve symptoms, risk factor modification remains the cornerstone for dementia prevention. Some of the most promising strategies for the prevention of dementia include vascular risk factor control, cognitive activity, physical activity, social engagement, diet, and recognition of depression. In observational studies, vascular risk factors-including diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity-are fairly consistently associated with increased risk of dementia. In addition, people with depression are at high risk for cognitive impairment. Population studies have reported that intake of antioxidants or polyunsaturated fatty acids may be associated with a reduced incidence of dementia, and it has been reported that people who are cognitively, socially, and physically active have a reduced risk of cognitive impairment. However, results from randomized trials of risk factor modification have been mixed. Most promising, interventions of cognitive and physical activity improve cognitive performance and slow cognitive decline. Future studies should continue to examine the implication of risk factor modification in controlled trials, with particular focus on whether several simultaneous interventions may have additive or multiplicative effects.
Eradication of B-ALL using chimeric antigen receptor–expressing T cells targeting the TSLPR oncoprotein (2015)

Adoptive transfer of T cells genetically modified to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) targeting the CD19 B cell-associated protein have demonstrated potent activity against relapsed/refractory B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). Not all patients respond, and CD19-negative relapses have been observed. Overexpression of the thymic stromal lymphopoietin receptor (TSLPR; encoded by CRLF2) occurs in a subset of adults and children with B-ALL and confers a high risk of relapse. Recent data suggest the TSLPR signaling axis is functionally important, suggesting that TSLPR would be an ideal immunotherapeutic target. We constructed short and long CARs targeting TSLPR and tested efficacy against CRLF2-overexpressing B-ALL. Both CARs demonstrated activity in vitro, but only short TSLPR CAR T cells mediated leukemia regression. In vivo activity of the short CAR was also associated with long-term persistence of CAR-expressing T cells. Short TSLPR CAR treatment of mice engrafted with a TSLPR-expressing ALL cell line induced leukemia cytotoxicity with efficacy comparable with that of CD19 CAR T cells. Short TSLPR CAR T cells also eradicated leukemia in 4 xenograft models of human CRLF2-overexpressing ALL. Finally, TSLPR has limited surface expression on normal tissues. TSLPR-targeted CAR T cells thus represent a potent oncoprotein-targeted immunotherapy for high-risk ALL.
Silicon point contact concentrator solar cells (1985)

Experimental results are presented for thin high resistivity concentrator silicon solar cells which use a back-side point-contact geometry. Cells of 130 and 233 µm thickness were fabricated and characterized. The thin cells were found to have efficiencies greater than 22 percent for incident solar intensities of 3 to 30 W/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> (30-300 "suns"). Efficiency peaked at 23 percent at 11 W/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> measured at 22-25°C. Strategies for obtaining higher efficiencies with this solar cell design are discussed.
&lt;title&gt;Development of 1-3 ceramic-air composite transducers (Invited Paper)&lt;/title&gt; (1992)

Over the past eight years, 1 - 3 ceramic-polymer composites have come into widespread use as the piezoelectric material in many ultrasonic transducer arrays used for medical imaging. The success of these materials for this application is a result of three major advantages which the composites enjoy over piezoelectric ceramics alone. These are, increased thickness mode coupling, reduced acoustic impedance, and reduced lateral coupling. These three parameters can not all be optimized simultaneously. The engineering trade-offs in the composite design can be avoided if the polymer material is replaced with air. This paper discusses the nature of the trade-offs in the ceramic-polymer material and shows how the use of ceramic-air (air kerf) avoids these limitations. Requirements for good performance in ceramic-air composites are presented and experimental results for a transducer made from a ceramic-air composite are shown. The potential for improvements and the probable limitations for transducers made from air-ceramic composites are discussed.
A Guided Learning Algorithm for solving the Traveling Salesman Problem (2012)

We propose a novel algorithm for solving the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). Our approach uses Genetic Algorithm as a guiding tool to direct Monte Carlo search towards convergence. This hybrid approach leverages a Genetic Algorithm to generate individuals with highly fit genes and uses that information as a base plan for Monte Carlo search. Our experiments suggest that this twostep Expectation-Maximization approach not only converges faster than either of the two algorithms studied individually, but also arrives at solutions that are closer to optimal.
Report on the 4th International Workshop on Positron Emission Tomography in Lymphoma held in Menton, France, 3–5 October 2012 (2013)

One hundred and seventy-five hemato-oncologists and nuclear medicine specialists from 23 countries joined the 2-day 4th International Workshop on Positron Emission Tomography in Lymphoma held in October 2012. The meeting was under the auspices of the European Lymphoma Institute, the Lymphoma Study Association (LYSA) and Fondazione Italiana Linfomi (FIL). Thirty-nine scientific posters were presented or discussed in the plenary session. A group of nuclear medicine and radiology experts presented and discussed with the audience their final report on lymphoma staging and restaging with positron emission tomography (PET). The same report will be presented in a dedicated workshop during the 12th International Conference on Malignant Lymphoma (ICML) in Lugano. Mainly, it was proposed to use the same type of criteria (Deauville five-point scale) for interim and end of treatment PET reporting. Results were presented on the state of the art of the role of PET in staging and response assessment in follicular lymphoma, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMBCL), mantle cell lymphoma and T cell lymphoma. Although PET is now recognized as a useful tool in follicular lymphoma, prospective data should be acquired on a larger scale to better define its role in the other subtypes. Technical and clinical focus was given to the measurement of metabolic volume to evaluate the total tumor burden, and interim PET-based ongoing trials were presented for LYSA and FIL. Final results of international validation studies of Deauville criteria and change in maximum standardized uptake value (ΔSUVmax) analysis were presented for Hodgkin lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. A closed meeting was held addressing the issue of contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) in the PET/CT era. The next meeting (September 2014) will be open to all imaging modalities used for lymphoma investigation.
RF MEMS-CMOS Device Integration: An Overview of the Potential for RF Researchers (2013)

Over the past decades, a great deal of progress has been made in the development of semiconductor manufacturing processes. This in turn has made possible the monolithic integration of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices with driving, controlling, and signal processing CMOS electronics [1][4]. There have been several successful well known commercial examples of integrated MEMS-CMOS devices, including the Analog Devices ADXL accelerometers [5], the Texas Instruments digital micromirror device (DMD) [6], the STMicroelectronics accelerometers and gyroscopes [6], and SiTime vacuum-encapsulated resonators [7]. More recently, Cavendish Kinetic [8] and WiSpry [9] launched their RF MEMS switches fabricated through MEMS-CMOS integration. While several techniques for MEMS-CMOS integrations have been widely employed for sensor and accelerometer applications, most of the work reported in literatures on RF MEMS has focused on devices fabricated using conventional surface micromachining techniques. It is the objective of this article to provide RF researchers with an overview of the potential of integrating MEMS with CMOS for RF MEMS applications.
Trimeric SARS-CoV-2 Spike interacts with dimeric ACE2 with limited intra-Spike avidity (2020)

Abstract A serious public health crisis is currently unfolding due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 viral entry depends on an interaction between the receptor binding domain of the trimeric viral Spike protein (Spike-RBD) and the dimeric human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. While it is clear that strategies to block the Spike/ACE2 interaction are promising as anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics, our current understanding is insufficient for the rational design of maximally effective therapeutic molecules. Here, we investigated the mechanism of Spike/ACE2 interaction by characterizing the binding affinity and kinetics of different multimeric forms of recombinant ACE2 and Spike-RBD domain. We also engineered ACE2 into a split Nanoluciferase-based reporter system to probe the conformational landscape of Spike-RBDs in the context of the Spike trimer. Interestingly, a dimeric form of ACE2, but not monomeric ACE2, binds with high affinity to Spike and blocks viral entry in pseudotyped virus and live SARS-CoV-2 virus neutralization assays. We show that dimeric ACE2 interacts with an RBD on Spike with limited intra-Spike avidity, which nonetheless contributes to the affinity of this interaction. Additionally, we demonstrate that a proportion of Spike can simultaneously interact with multiple ACE2 dimers, indicating that more than one RBD domain in a Spike trimer can adopt an ACE2-accessible “up” conformation. Our findings have significant implications on the design strategies of therapeutic molecules that block the Spike/ACE2 interaction. The constructs we describe are freely available to the research community as molecular tools to further our understanding of SARS-CoV-2 biology.
The Sequence of Phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-Kinase Defines a Novel Family of Lipid Kinases (1995)

Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2) occupies an essential position in the phosphoinositide signal transduction cascades as the precursor to second messengers and is thought to regulate many cellular proteins directly. The final step in the synthesis of PtdIns(4,5)P2 is the phosphorylation of PtdIns(4)P- by PtdIns(4)P 5-kinase (PIP5K). Using peptide sequences from a purified PIP5K, a cDNA for a human placental PIP5K was isolated and sequenced. Expression of this cDNA in Escherichia coli produced an active PIP5K. Surprisingly, the sequence of this PIP5K has no homology to known PtdIns kinases or protein kinases. However, the PIP5K is homologous to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteins Fab1p and Mss4p.