gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Retroviral vector gene expression in F9 embryonal carcinoma cells (1987)

When F9 embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells are infected with retroviral vectors, the efficiency of expression of selectable genes is considerably lower than that in mouse fibroblasts infected with the same retroviral vectors. In this study, several retroviral vectors with regulatory sequences placed immediately 5' to a selectable gene were constructed, packaged, and used to infect mouse fibroblasts and F9 EC cells. With selection as an assay, there was a hierarchy of relative expression in F9 cells compared with that in mouse fibroblasts. These internally placed regulatory sequences are the source of the mRNAs detected in F9 EC cells, while both retroviral long-terminal-repeat promoters and internal promoters are the source of steady-state mRNAs in mouse fibroblasts. This effect was observable with both the internally placed herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase promoter and the Moloney murine leukemia virus promoter.
Diffusion Bonding of Intermetallic Compound TiAl. (1991)

This srudy was carried out in order to develop a satisfactory technique for joining TiAl intermetallic compounds.Ti-38mass'/AI binary cast alloys were bonded in a vacuum of 26 mPa using the solid state diffusion bonding method by varying the bonding conditions, viz, the bonding temperature varied from 1 273 to 1 473 K, the bonding pressure varied from 10 to 30 MPaand the bonding time varied from 0.96 to 3.84ks.
HIV INFECTION AND ACUTE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS (2007)

INTRODUCTION Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is known to be associated with various types of glomerulonephritis. Human immunodeficiency HIV associated kidney diseases have been classified into 3 different groups: HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN), also known as HIV – associated focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (HIV-FSGS), hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HIV-HUS), and HIV-associated immune complex renal diseases. Previously thought to be rare, these forms of glomerulonephritis have become more frequent, and it is important that the medical community learns more about its diagnosis and treatment. [...]
The oscillating die: A useful concept in polymer extrusion (1990)

Abstract The effect of superimposing longitudinal and transverse oscillations on the die section at the exit of an extruder is examined. Longitudinal oscillations ranged from 0 to 30 mm in amplitude, and frequencies varied between 0 and 50 Hz. Transverse vibrations varied from 0 to 0.35 rad in amplitude and from 0 to 50 Hz in frequency. Experiments were performed in two types of extruders: a horizontal Brabender Plasticorder and a vertical Scamia both with similar characteristics of 7 Kw power output and 7.10 5 Pa maximum pressure. The polymers used were high and low density polyethylene and polystyrene. The overall effect of the oscillations is to increase the mechanical properties of the extrudate as well as to reduce the pressure drop in the die section. This pressure reduction results in a considerable saving of the total power consumption per unit weight of extrudate. Within a given range of amplitude‐frequency of oscillations, overall power savings of up to 25% are possible with respect to the stationary mode. Furthermore, the total flow rate through the die is enhanced by the vibrations and the die swell is diminished.
Proximity-Based Measures (2002)

Tversky [221] noted that “most theoretical and empirical analyses of similarity assume that objects can be adequately represented as points in some coordinate space and that dissimilarity behaves like a distance function.” While Tversky’s observation concerned objects as crisp values, the notion of proximity defining similarity can also be used to assess the similarity of fuzzy sets. For fuzzy sets, the distance is not between points but rather between membership functions. In this chapter we consider three methods for producing metric based similarity measures.
Dense 3D depth map with DOE pattern (2012)

In this paper, we try to find the answer of question, “How dense does the projected pattern have to be in order to recognize 3D fingers over 3m distance (indoor watching TV environment)”. To solve this problem, we investigate the structured light pattern projected by the laser light source and taken back through the IR camera. For 3D correspondence matching, a simple block matching algorithm from OpenCV2.4 is used. We use Canon 650D DSLR camera (removing IR-cut filter) to capture the scene, and commercial DOE product to make patterns. According to the result, at least 22.8% white dot pattern at black background is needed to recognize 3D finger shape in smart TV environment in 1296 * 864 resolution images. The experimental results could be used as such analysis or the development of new 3D sensor based structured light.
Installation und Test von Systemeinheit und Bildschirm (1986)

Auf der Rückseite der Systemeinheit befinden sich folgende Anschlußbuchsen (siehe Bild 3.1):
Isotope-ratio-monitoring gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIsotope-ratio-monitoring gas chromatography-mass spectrometryD. E. Matthews and J. M. HayesCite this: Anal. Chem. 1978, 50, 11, 1465–1473Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50033a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50033a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1964Altmetric-Citations386LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Sequence motifs associated with hepatotoxicity of locked nucleic acid—modified antisense oligonucleotides (2014)

Fully phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) with locked nucleic acids (LNAs) improve target affinity, RNase H activation and stability. LNA modified ASOs can cause hepatotoxicity, and this risk is currently not fully understood. In vitro cytotoxicity screens have not been reliable predictors of hepatic toxicity in non-clinical testing; however, mice are considered to be a sensitive test species. To better understand the relationship between nucleotide sequence and hepatotoxicity, a structure-toxicity analysis was performed using results from 2 week repeated-dose-tolerability studies in mice administered LNA-modified ASOs. ASOs targeting human Apolipoprotien C3 (Apoc3), CREB (cAMP Response Element Binding Protein) Regulated Transcription Coactivator 2 (Crtc2) or Glucocorticoid Receptor (GR, NR3C1) were classified based upon the presence or absence of hepatotoxicity in mice. From these data, a random-decision forest-classification model generated from nucleotide sequence descriptors identified two trinucleotide motifs (TCC and TGC) that were present only in hepatotoxic sequences. We found that motif containing sequences were more likely to bind to hepatocellular proteins in vitro and increased P53 and NRF2 stress pathway activity in vivo. These results suggest in silico approaches can be utilized to establish structure-toxicity relationships of LNA-modified ASOs and decrease the likelihood of hepatotoxicity in preclinical testing.
IN VITRO INHIBITION OF ENDOMETRIAL CANCER GROWTH BY A NEONATAL RAT TESTICULAR SECRETORY PRODUCT (1981)

The ability of a neonatal testicular product to inhibit cancer cell line growth of Mullerian origin was tested in an "in vitro" system. Preliminary experiments indicated that increasing concentration of neonatal rat testicular homogenates showed increasing endometrial cancer (HEC-1) cell growth inhibition. Further investigation revealed that testes organ culture, similarly, inhibited HEC-1 cell growth. It is, therefore, concluded that neonatal rat testes elaborated a substance (or substances) which may be effective as an anti-tumor agent.
Enzyme Based Amperometric Biosensors for Food Analysis (2002)

This review introduces the principles of amperometric detection e.g. oxygen electrodes, hydrogen peroxide electrodes, NADH detection, mediators-aid detection, conductive organic salts and wiring electrodes. A short categorization and description of the materials commonly used for the construction of electrodes, e.g., platinum, glassy carbon, different types of graphite, screen-printed electrodes, rigid carbon-polymer biocomposites, zeolites, clays, and polymeric membranes is given. Approaches to construction of biosensors with respect to various strategies of enzyme immobilization, e.g., physical binding, covalent binding, gel entrapment, electropolymerization, sol-gel techniques and self-assembled architectures are also presented. The requirements and problems for sensing in food industry, examples of enzyme electrodes, published in the literature during the last half-decade, commercial biosensors released into the market along with the current and modern instrumentation, are also presented.
Herpes Simplex Virus Processivity Factor UL42 Imparts Increased DNA-Binding Specificity to the Viral DNA Polymerase and Decreased Dissociation from Primer-Template without Reducing the Elongation Rate (1999)

ABSTRACT Herpes simplex virus DNA polymerase consists of a catalytic subunit, Pol, and a processivity subunit, UL42, that, unlike other established processivity factors, binds DNA directly. We used gel retardation and filter-binding assays to investigate how UL42 affects the polymerase-DNA interaction. The Pol/UL42 heterodimer bound more tightly to DNA in a primer-template configuration than to single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), while Pol alone bound more tightly to ssDNA than to DNA in a primer-template configuration. The affinity of Pol/UL42 for ssDNA was reduced severalfold relative to that of Pol, while the affinity of Pol/UL42 for primer-template DNA was increased ∼15-fold relative to that of Pol. The affinity of Pol/UL42 for circular double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) was reduced drastically relative to that of UL42, but the affinity of Pol/UL42 for short primer-templates was increased modestly relative to that of UL42. Pol/UL42 associated with primer-template DNA ∼2-fold faster than did Pol and dissociated ∼10-fold more slowly, resulting in a half-life of 2 h and a subnanomolar K d . Despite such stable binding, rapid-quench analysis revealed that the rates of elongation of Pol/UL42 and Pol were essentially the same, ∼30 nucleotides/s. Taken together, these studies indicate that (i) Pol/UL42 is more likely than its subunits to associate with DNA in a primer-template configuration rather than nonspecifically to either ssDNA or dsDNA, and (ii) UL42 reduces the rate of dissociation from primer-template DNA but not the rate of elongation. Two models of polymerase-DNA interactions during replication that may explain these findings are presented.
The softening of hardware (2003)

In the 1940s, when modern computing began, engineers tended to view computers and the programs running on them as unified entities. Now, after decades in which software and hardware developed along separate paths, we seem to have come full circle. The hardware on which our programs run is thanks to embedded systems. These systems force designers to work under incredibly tight constraints. To understand the technologies developed to satisfy these constraints, we must first distinguish the underlying embedded systems elements.
Compact optoelectronic oscillator withultra-low phase noise performance (1999)

A compact optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) is presented which is using constructed using a DFB laser, a semiconductor Mach-Zehnder modulator, and a dielectric resonator based RF filter. The achieved phase noise is –50 dBc/Hz at 10 Hz and –130 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz from a 10 GHz oscillation frequency, a performance comparable to that of an OEO constructed with a diode-pumped YAG laser and an LiNbO3 modulator.
Do stock fundamentals explain idiosyncratic volatility? Evidence for Australian stock market (2014)

This study examines the relationships between stock fundamental ratios and idiosyncratic volatility from 1993 to 2010 for Australian Securities Exchange listed companies. The portfolio analysis results show that high idiosyncratic volatility companies tend to be small (measured by size), highly leveraged (measured by interest cover ratio), low profitability (measured by return on equity and earnings per share), low valuation (measured by price to earnings ratio) companies. The regression analysis results show that dividend yield is positively related to the idiosyncratic volatility. Price to earnings ratio and return on equity are negatively related to the idiosyncratic volatility. The relationships between the idiosyncratic volatility and the stock fundamental ratios remain robustness in presence of size. JEL classification: G10
Filtration removal of endotoxin (pyrogens) in solution in different states of aggregation (1977)

Bacterial lipopolysaccharides are recognized as the major cause of pyrogenic reactions from parenteral solutions. Molecular filtration was used to remove these pyrogenic molecules (endotoxins) from contaminated parenteral solutions. Because bacterial lipopolysaccharides can exist in different states of aggregation, depending on the composition of the solution they are suspended in, the full range of possible states of aggregation was examined by using filters with a wide range of pore sizes. Filters of different pore sizes retained endotoxin lipopolysaccharide presumed to be in the vesicle form, the micelle form, or the detergent-solubilized form in aqueous solutions. Endotoxins (pyrogens) were successfully removed from artificially contaminated solutions of concentrated antibiotics by using filters of 10,000-nominal-molecular-weight limit.
Electrostatically Enhanced Second and Third Virial Coefficients, Viscosity, and Interparticle Correlations for Linear Polyelectrolytes (2002)

The use of an automatic, continuous mixing (ACM) technique, coupled with multiangle static light scattering, refractometric, and viscometric detectors allowed detailed measurements of electrostatic effects in polyelectrolyte solutions to be made while varying ionic strength [I], and polyelectrolyte concentration. A linear polyelectrolyte, sodium hyaluronate (HA) was used. The behavior of second and third virial coefficients, A2 and A3, the angular scattering envelope, and the reduced viscosity were determined simultaneously. The crossover regime from where interparticle effects dominate the scattering to where single particle form factors dominate is clearly seen and is rationalized by a simple pair correlation function. Good agreement is found for polymer dimensions and A2 using a combination of electrostatic persistence length and electrostatic excluded volume theories, with no adjustable parameters. The contribution to [I] from the HA counterions is observed via the electroviscous effect, a reduced viscosity crossover phenomenon, and an unusual scattering minimum vs polyelectolyte concentration at low [I].
Competition in Biofilms (1985)

Based on a continuum approach to the biofilm problem and on mass balance equations, the competition of several microbial species for space and substrates is described. For the case of steady state and of autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms with given biological kinetics and a common nutrient (oxygen), the effect of relative substrate concentrations on biofilm performance and composition is discussed. The approach allows for a detailed analysis and for an adequate reproduction of experimental observations.
The Media and Access to Government—Held Information in a Democracy (2008)

(2008). The Media and Access to Government—Held Information in a Democracy. Oxford University Commonwealth Law Journal: Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 3-23.
Adhesion, Migration, and Proliferation of Cultured Human Corneal Endothelial Cells by Laminin-5 (2010)

HCECs express the LM5 receptor α3β1 integrin. Recombinant LM5 promotes adhesion, migration, and moderate proliferation of cultured HCECs. It may be a critical factor in promoting HCEC culture and may contribute to the practical use of tissue-engineered HCECs.
Software Modems for Underwater Sensor Networks (2007)

The prohibitive monetary cost and high power consumption of existing acoustic hardware represent an obstacle for underwater sensor network deployment efforts. To address this issue, we propose underwater networks that rely on widely available speakers and microphones in electronic devices, coupled with software modems, to establish acoustic communication links. In this paper, we analytically and empirically explore the potential of this acoustic communication system for the underwater environment with a generic PC microphone as a receiver and with the Tmote Invent sensor module speaker as a transmitter. After waterproofing the components with elastic membranes that provide suitable coupling with the water, our experiments profile the hardware communication capability in a controlled aquatic environment. The medium profiling results expose the favorable frequencies of operation for the hardware, enabling us to design a software FSK modem. The experiments to evaluate the data transfer capability of our 8-frequency FSK software modem in the underwater channel yield an error-free channel capacity of 24 bps, and they also demonstrate that the system supports data rates up to at least 48 bps within a transmission range of 17 m.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and the Eye (1996)

Vascularization withinthe eye is a fundamental process involved not only in normal ocular development but also in a wide range of ophthalmic diseases. Such seemingly disparate clinical entities as diabetic retinopathy, central retinal vein occlusion, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), age-related macular degeneration, sickle cell retinopathy, radiation retinopathy, and Eales disease may all eventually lead to uncontrolled vascularization. The potential role of growth factors as mediators of developmental and pathologic intraocular vascularization has been recognized for almost half a century, since the release of an angiogenic factor by the retina was first proposed by Michaelson 1 in 1948. 2 Subsequently, an extensive search for molecules with the diverse attributes required to account for the clinical observations associated with all of these conditions has been conducted. 3 Fibroblast growth factors, insulinlike growth factors, and growth hormone have been evaluated, and, although each has demonstrated interesting associations with clinical disease and potential
ACOG Practice Bulletin #65: Management of Endometrial Cancer (2006)

Chair, Committee on Practice Bulletins–Gynecology (Liu) Chair, Committee on Gynecologic Practice (Greer) Ex-Officio, Committee on Gynecologic Practice, Subcommittee on Gynecologic Oncology (Curtin)
A Long-Term Follow-Up of an HIV Type 1-Infected Patient Reveals a Coincidence of Nef-Directed Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Effectors and High Incidence of Epitope-Deleted Variants (2001)

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) play a critical role in controlling human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infections. However, in spite of developing a strong CTL response most HIV-1-infected patients eventually progress to AIDS. Amino acid changes in CTL epitope have been previously described and may permit HIV to escape from CTL immune responses. The importance of CTL selection pressure in controlling the course of viral evolution in HIV-infected patient remains debatable. For over a 10-year period, we longitudinally followed a patient for bulk unstimulated effector (eCTL) and stimulated memory CTL responses (mCTL) against the viral proteins Gag, Pol, and Nef. The patient showed a strong CTL response against Nef in unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells with a peak during Month 40 of the follow-up. The mCTL response was also higher against Nef than Gag and Pol. PCR amplification and nucleotide sequencing of the plasma viral variants showed a viral variant with the epitope deletion that was detected early during the follow-up and essentially replaced the wild-type virus during the peak eCTL response. These studies support the importance of Nef epitope deletion as a mechanism for HIV-1 escape from CTL immune pressure.
Automatic evaluation of machine translation quality using n-gram co-occurrence statistics (2002)

Evaluation is recognized as an extremely helpful forcing function in Human Language Technology R&D. Unfortunately, evaluation has not been a very powerful tool in machine translation (MT) research because it requires human judgments and is thus expensive and time-consuming and not easily factored into the MT research agenda. However, at the July 2001 TIDES PI meeting in Philadelphia, IBM described an automatic MT evaluation technique that can provide immediate feedback and guidance in MT research. Their idea, which they call an "evaluation understudy", compares MT output with expert reference translations in terms of the statistics of short sequences of words (word N-grams). The more of these N-grams that a translation shares with the reference translations, the better the translation is judged to be. The idea is elegant in its simplicity. But far more important, IBM showed a strong correlation between these automatically generated scores and human judgments of translation quality. As a result, DARPA commissioned NIST to develop an MT evaluation facility based on the IBM work. This utility is now available from NIST and serves as the primary evaluation measure for TIDES MT research.
Classification of 3D face shape in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (2009)

Given a set of labeled 3D meshes acquired from stereo imaging of heads, the goal of this research is to develop a successful methodology for discriminating between individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and the general population. Although many approaches for such discrimination exist in the medical and computer vision literature, the goal is to develop methods that focus on shape-based morphological differences of facial features.