gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
D-lactate dehydrogenase is a member of the D-isomer-specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase family. Cloning, sequencing, and expression in Escherichia coli of the D-lactate dehydrogenase gene of Lactobacillus plantarum (1991)

The gene encoding D-lactate dehydrogenase (D-lactate: NAD+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.28) of Lactobacillus plantarum has been sequenced, and expressed in Escherichia coli cells with an inducible expression plasmid, in which the 5'-noncoding region of the gene was replaced with the tac promoter. Comparison of the sequence of D-lactate dehydrogenase with L-lactate dehydrogenases, including the L. plantarum L-lactate dehydrogenase, showed no significant homology. In contrast, the D-lactate dehydrogenase is homologous to E. coli D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase and Lactobacillus casei D-2-hydroxyisocaproate dehydrogenase. This indicates that D-lactate dehydrogenase is a member of a new family of 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenases recently proposed, being distinct from L-lactate dehydrogenase and L-malate dehydrogenase, and strongly suggests that the new family consists of D-isomer-stereospecific enzymes. In the reductive reaction, the enzyme showed a broad substrate specificity, although pyruvate was the most favorable of all 2-ketocarboxylic acids tested. In particular, hydroxypyruvate is effectively reduced by the enzyme, the reaction rate, and Km value being comparable to those in the case of pyruvate, indicating that the enzyme has not only D-lactate dehydrogenase activity but also D-glycerate dehydrogenase activity. The conserved residues in this family appear to be the residues involved in the substrate binding and the catalytic reaction, and thus to be targets for site-directed mutagenesis.
Cross Talk among TGF-  Signaling Pathways, Integrins, and the Extracellular Matrix (2011)

The growth factor TGF-β is secreted in a latent complex consisting of three proteins: TGF-β, an inhibitor (latency-associated protein, LAP, which is derived from the TGF-β propeptide) and an ECM-binding protein (one of the latent TGF-β binding proteins, or LTBPs). LTBPs interact with fibrillins and other ECM components and thus function to localize latent TGF-β in the ECM. LAP contains an integrin-binding site (RGD), and several RGD-binding integrins are able to activate latent TGF-β through binding this site. Mutant mice defective in integrin-mediated activators, and humans and mice with fibrillin gene mutations, show the critical role of ECM and integrins in regulating TGF-β signaling.
Proteinase-activated receptor-2: expression by human neutrophils (1997)

Neutrophils were shown to express the proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2), a seven transmembrane domain receptor, which is activated by cleavage by trypsin. Granulocytes from 14 donors stained positively for PAR-2 with affinity-purified rabbit antibodies raised against a peptide corresponding to the trypsin cleavage site of human PAR-2. Neutrophil activation in response to a receptor activating peptide (RAP) varied between donors. RAP (Ser-Leu-Ile-Gly-Lys-Val-NH2) alone induced an increase in the forward and side light scatter after 5-10 minutes and a small increase in the expression of the activation molecule CD11b. The increased expression of CD11b induced by RAP was markedly enhanced by priming the neutrophils with a low concentration (1 nM) of formyl-Leu-Met-Phe. Trypsin and RAP also induced an increase in intracellular calcium, but there were large variations in the magnitude of responses between donors also in this assay. The effects of RAP in the different assays were specific; acetylated RAP was completely without activity.
Svi satovi su nas nasamarili (2013)

Novi koncept vrtićkih i školskih prostora donio je promjene koje je u početku teško opaziti, a koje se odnose na pojam vremena u ustanovi − na osjećaj za vrijeme koji se često ne podudara s onim na satu.
Integrated Speech Enhancement Method Using Noise Suppression and Dereverberation (2009)

This paper proposes a method for enhancing speech signals contaminated by room reverberation and additive stationary noise. The following conditions are assumed. 1) Short-time spectral components of speech and noise are statistically independent Gaussian random variables. 2) A room's convolutive system is modeled as an autoregressive system in each frequency band. 3) A short-time power spectral density of speech is modeled as an all-pole spectrum, while that of noise is assumed to be time-invariant and known in advance. Under these conditions, the proposed method estimates the parameters of the convolutive system and those of the all-pole speech model based on the maximum likelihood estimation method. The estimated parameters are then used to calculate the minimum mean square error estimates of the speech spectral components. The proposed method has two significant features. 1) The parameter estimation part performs noise suppression and dereverberation alternately. (2) Noise-free reverberant speech spectrum estimates, which are transferred by the noise suppression process to the dereverberation process, are represented in the form of a probability distribution. This paper reports the experimental results of 1500 trials conducted using 500 different utterances. The reverberation time RT <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">60</sub> was 0.6 s, and the reverberant signal to noise ratio was 20, 15, or 10 dB. The experimental results show the superiority of the proposed method over the sequential performance of the noise suppression and dereverberation processes.
Validation of a New Noncontact Catheter System for Electroanatomic Mapping of Left Ventricular Endocardium (1999)

This new system provides anatomically accurate endocardial isopotential mapping during a single cardiac cycle. The locator component enabled placement of a separate EP catheter to any site within the mapped chamber.
Biochemistry of Plant Volatiles (2004)

Plants have a penchant for perfuming the atmosphere around them. Since antiquity it has been known that both floral and vegetative parts of many species emit substances with distinctive smells. The discovery of the gaseous hormone ethylene 70 years ago brought the realization that at least some of
High-performance cross-language interoperability in a multi-language runtime (2015)

Programmers combine different programming languages because it allows them to use the most suitable language for a given problem, to gradually migrate existing projects from one language to another, or to reuse existing source code. However, existing cross-language mechanisms suffer from complex interfaces, insufficient flexibility, or poor performance. We present the TruffleVM, a multi-language runtime that allows composing different language implementations in a seamless way. It reduces the amount of required boiler-plate code to a minimum by allowing programmers to access foreign functions or objects by using the notation of the host language. We compose language implementations that translate source code to an intermediate representation (IR), which is executed on top of a shared runtime system. Language implementations use language-independent messages that the runtime resolves at their first execution by transforming them to efficient foreign-language-specific operations. The TruffleVM avoids conversion or marshaling of foreign objects at the language boundary and allows the dynamic compiler to perform its optimizations across language boundaries, which guarantees high performance. This paper presents an implementation of our ideas based on the Truffle system and its guest language implementations JavaScript, Ruby, and C.
自制 Wi-Fi2.4GHz无线天线 (2005)

对于工作环境面积较大或是需要跨楼层无线网络而言，大部分无线AP的发射功率无法满足用户的覆盖需求，此时，就必须借助无线天线进行增益，市面上有很多无线天线提供代选择，一般室内用的增益率普遍是5dBi，大概在50-100元左右，好一点的在9dBi以上，价格在200元以上，今天，本文将教你如何自己DIY无线天线，不仅省钱，而且效果更为出色。
Horizontal ‘solvent-free’ lipid bimolecular membranes with two-sided access can be formed and facilitate ion channel reconstitution (1995)

We present here an easily used method and apparatus for formation of horizontal 'solvent-free' lipid bilayer membranes affording two-sided access. These horizontal bilayers allow direct delivery of submicroliter volumes of samples onto the membrane upper surface increasing the efficacy of reconstitution by several orders of magnitude, as demonstrated using Staphylococcus aureus alpha-toxin. Also, they permit creation of locally high and transient transbilayer osmotic gradients to initiate fusion of ion-channel containing liposomes with planar membrane, which, following fusion, leaves the membrane and channel in essentially symmetric bathing solutions. This method is especially advantageous for cases where thickness of the membrane, absence of hydrocarbon solvent, or presence of differing lipid compositions in the two monolayers is critical.
A demonstration of ultra-low-latency data center optical circuit switching (2012)

We designed and constructed a 24x24-port optical circuit switch (OCS) prototype with a programming time of 68.5 μs, a switching time of 2.8 μs, and a receiver electronics initialization time of 8.7 μs [1]. We demonstrate the operation of this prototype switch in a data center testbed under various workloads.
Loss of imprinting in hepatoblastoma. (1995)

We and others have described loss of imprinting (LOI) of the insulin-like growth factor II (IGF2) gene in 70% of Wilms' tumors (WT), an embryonal kidney tumor, and we have also found LOI of the H19 gene in 29% of WTs. In WT, LOI of IGF2 is coupled to down-regulation of H19. LOI of IGF2 has subsequently been described in a second embryonal neoplasm, rhabdomyosarcoma. However, the hypothesis that LOI is a general feature of embryonal tumors is challenged by a report of absence of LOI in three hepatoblastomas (S. M. Davies, Cancer Res., 53: 4781-4783, 1993). We identified five hepatoblastomas informative for a transcribed polymorphism of the IGF2 gene. One tumor showed LOI of IGF2, in contrast to the previous report. That tumor also showed LOI of H19, further documenting a role for this gene in imprinting disturbances in cancer. However, in contrast to WT, LOI in hepatoblastoma was not associated with down-regulation of H19. Thus, IGF2 and H19 expression can be uncoupled in tumors with LOI.
A Proposed Extension to HTML : Client-Side Image Maps (1996)

The markup language known as provides for image maps. Image maps are document elements which allow clicking different areas of an image to reference different network resources, as specified by Uniform Identifier (URIs). The image map capability in HTML/2.0 is limited in several ways, such as the restriction that it only works with documents served via the HTTP protocol, and the lack of a viable fallback for users of text-only browsers. This document specifies an extension to the HTML language, referred to as Client- Side Image Maps, which resolves these limitations.
The Evolution of Carbon Nanotube Network Structure in Unidirectional Nanocomposites Resolved by Quantitative Electron Tomography (2015)

Carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforced polymers are next-generation, high-performance, multifunctional materials with a wide array of promising applications. The successful introduction of such materials is hampered by the lack of a quantitative understanding of process-structure-property relationships. These relationships can be developed only through the detailed characterization of the nanoscale reinforcement morphology within the embedding medium. Here, we reveal the three-dimensional (3D) nanoscale morphology of high volume fraction (V(f)) aligned CNT/epoxy-matrix nanocomposites using energy-filtered electron tomography. We present an automated phase-identification method for fast, accurate, representative rendering of the CNT spatial arrangement in these low-contrast bimaterial systems. The resulting nanometer-scale visualizations provide quantitative information on the evolution of CNT morphology and dispersion state with increasing V(f), including network structure, CNT alignment, bundling and waviness. The CNTs are observed to exhibit a nonlinear increase in bundling and alignment and a decrease in waviness as a function of increasing V(f). Our findings explain previously observed discrepancies between the modeled and measured trends in bulk mechanical, electrical and thermal properties. The techniques we have developed for morphological quantitation are applicable to many low-contrast material systems.
Calcium sensing receptor expression and signalling in cardiovascular physiology and disease (2018)

Initially identified in the parathyroidea, the calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) is now recognized as an ubiquitously expressed receptor that exerts specific functions in multiple organs including the cardiovascular system. This review will focus on the role that CaSR plays in vascular and cardiac tissues. In the vasculature, CaSR is expressed in endothelial and smooth muscle cells. CaSR of endothelial cells participates in part to the regulation of local perfusion by linkage of CaSR activation to endothelial hyperpolarization and nitric oxide release. CaSR of smooth muscle cells is involved in the control of proliferation. In the pulmonary vasculature, however, CaSR participates in the onset of pulmonary hypertension, making CaSR antagonism a therapeutic option in this case. In the heart, CaSR is expressed in cardiac fibroblasts and myoyctes, contributing to normal cardiac function and composition of extracellular matrix. More important, activation of CaSR may participate in the cardiac protective effects of ischaemic pre-conditioning. In conclusion, CaSR plays an important physiological role in many regulatory pathways of the cardiovascular system, but due to the complex interaction between various cardiovascular cells and cell-specific effects, use of activators or inhibitors of CaSR for treatment of specific disease forms is yet not on the way.
PAR1 antagonism protects against experimental liver fibrosis. Role of proteinase receptors in stellate cell activation (2004)

In fibroblasts, thrombin induces collagen deposition through activation of a G-protein-coupled receptor, proteinase-activated receptor 1 (PAR(1)). In the current study, we examined whether PAR(1) antagonism inhibits hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation in vitro and whether it protects against fibrosis development in a rodent model of cirrhosis. A rat HSC line was used for in vitro studies whereas cirrhosis was induced by bile duct ligation (BDL). The current results demonstrated that HSCs express PAR(1), as well as proteinase-activated receptors 2 (PAR(2)) and 4 (PAR(4)), and that all three PARs were up-regulated in response to exposure to growth factor in vitro. Exposure to thrombin and to SFLLRN-(SF)-NH(2), a PAR(1) agonist, and GYPGKF (GY)-NH(2), a PAR(4) agonist, triggered HSC proliferation and contraction, as well as monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) production and collagen I synthesis and release. These effects were inhibited by the PAR(1) antagonist. Administration of this antagonist, 1.5 mg/kg/d, to BDL rats reduced liver type I collagen messenger RNA (mRNA) expression and surface collagen by 63%, as measured by quantitative morphometric analysis. Similarly, hepatic and urinary excretion of hydroxyproline was reduced significantly by the PAR(1) antagonist. In conclusion, PAR(s) regulates HSC activity; development of PAR antagonists might be a feasible therapeutic strategy for protecting against fibrosis in patients with chronic liver diseases.
A Potent Antidiabetic Thiazolidinedione with Unique Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor γ-activating Properties (1998)

Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) constitute an exciting new class of antidiabetic compounds, which function as activating ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma). Until now, there has been an excellent correlation between in vivo hypoglycemic potency and in vitro binding and activation of PPARgamma by TZDs. We have characterized MCC-555, a novel thiazolidinedione ligand for PPARgamma with unique functional properties. The antidiabetic potency of this compound is greater than that of other TZDs, including BRL49653, yet its binding affinity for PPARgamma is less than (1)/(10) that of BRL49653. The effect of MCC-555 binding on PPARgamma transcriptional activity is highly context-specific such that it can function as a full agonist, partial agonist, or antagonist depending on the cell type or DNA binding site. These transcriptional properties are partly explained by unique partial agonism of coactivator recruitment to PPARgamma. The properties of MCC-555 are mechanistically distinct from those of the estrogen receptor partial agonist and antagonist tamoxifen because the N terminus of PPARgamma is not required for activation by MCC-555, and MCC-555 does not stimulate corepressor recruitment to PPARgamma. The context selectivity of MCC-555 may contribute to its enhanced hypoglycemic potency in vivo despite reduced affinity for PPARgamma relative to other TZDs.
Real-time single camera SLAM using fiducial markers (2009)

In this paper, a real-time single camera simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM), that uses artificial landmarks is proposed. Proposed method uses the extended Kalman filter (EKF) to estimate robot pose and landmarks position. The core of the approach is the online creation of a map of fiducial markers in the environment within a probabilistic framework. Our key contributions include a development of measurement model of fiducial markers, solutions for global registration of fiducial markers, and the development of calibration-free indoor localization method. We present a detailed method to estimate the 3D location of fiducial markers from an image and how the robot is positioned. Simulation and experimental results for a self-developed mobile robot are both presented.
Transfer of Large-Area Graphene Films for High-Performance Transparent Conductive Electrodes (2009)

Graphene, a two-dimensional monolayer of sp(2)-bonded carbon atoms, has been attracting great interest due to its unique transport properties. One of the promising applications of graphene is as a transparent conductive electrode owing to its high optical transmittance and conductivity. In this paper, we report on an improved transfer process of large-area graphene grown on Cu foils by chemical vapor deposition. The transferred graphene films have high electrical conductivity and high optical transmittance that make them suitable for transparent conductive electrode applications. The improved transfer processes will also be of great value for the fabrication of electronic devices such as field effect transistor and bilayer pseudospin field effect transistor devices.
Time stretch optical header recognition (2004)

To overcome the electronic speed limitation, all-optical packet extraction and recognition has been extensively studied. In this paper, we propose and demonstrate a new method named time stretch header recognition technique, where the header is (i) optically extracted and (ii) slowed down so that it can be processed with conventional electronics running at lower speed than the data rate. A 10 Gb/s bit stream is stretched by the factor of around 20 allowing capture and processing by low speed electronics. An optical quality factor of 18 dBQ was achieved for the time-stretched header.
Schistosome Infection of Transgenic Mice Defines Distinct and Contrasting Pathogenic Roles for IL-4 and IL-13: IL-13 Is a Profibrotic Agent (2000)

Experimental Schistosoma mansoni infections of mice lead to a dynamic type 2 cytokine-mediated pathological process. We have used IL-4-deficient, IL-13-deficient, and IL-4/13-deficient mice to dissect the role of these cytokines in the development of immune response and pathology following S. mansoni infection. We demonstrate that while both of these cytokines are necessary to develop a robust Th2 cell-driven, eosinophil-rich granuloma response, they also perform disparate functions that identify novel sites for therapeutic intervention. IL-13-deficient mice demonstrated significantly enhanced survival following infection, which correlated with reduced hepatic fibrosis. In contrast, increased mortality was manifest in IL-4-deficient and IL-4/13-deficient mice, and this correlated with hepatocyte damage and intestinal pathology. Therefore, we demonstrate that during a dynamic type 2 cytokine disease process IL-13 is detrimental to survival following infection, whereas IL-4 is beneficial.
Identifying subtypes of patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration by genotypic and cardiovascular risk characteristics (2011)

These results have significant personalized medicine implications for drug developers attempting to determine the effective size of the treatable neovascular AMD population. Patient subtypes or clusters may represent different targets for therapeutic development based on genetic pathways in AMD and cardiovascular pathology, and treatments developed that may elevate CV risk, may be ill advised for certain of the clusters identified.
Dependence of the Glass Transition Temperature of Polymer Films on Interfacial Energy and Thickness (2001)

The glass transition temperatures (Tg's) of ultrathin films (thickness 80−18 nm) of polystyrene (PS) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) were measured on surfaces with interfacial energies (γSL) ranging from 0.50 to 6.48 mJ/m2. The surfaces consisted of self-assembled films of octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) that were exposed to X-rays in the presence of air. Exposure to X-ray radiation systematically modified the OTS by incorporating oxygen-containing groups on the surface. The interfacial energy for PS and PMMA on the OTS surface was quantified as a function of X-ray dose using the Fowkes−van Oss−Chaudhury−Good model of surface tension. The Tg values of the films were characterized by three complementary techniques: local thermal analysis, ellipsometry, and X-ray reflectivity. Within the resolution of the techniques, the results were in agreement. At low values of γSL, the Tg values of PS and PMMA films were below the respective bulk values of the polymers. At high values of γSL, the Tg values of PS and PMMA films were higher than the bulk values and increased monotonically with increasing γSL. The deviation of the Tg values of the films compared to the bulk values increased with decreasing film thickness. For a specific film thickness of PS and PMMA, the difference between the Tg of the film and Tg of the bulk polymer (ΔTg = Tgfilm − Tgbulk) scaled linearly with γSL irrespective of the chemistry of the polymer.
Comprehensive evaluation of genetic variation in the <i>IGF1</i> gene and risk of prostate cancer (2006)

Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF1) stimulates cell proliferation, decreases apoptosis, and has been implicated in cancer development. Epidemiological studies have shown elevated levels of circulating IGF1 to be associated with increased risk of prostate cancer. To what extent genetic variation in the IGF1 gene is related to prostate cancer risk is largely unknown. We performed a comprehensive haplotype tagging (HT) assessment of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) representing the common haplotype variation in the IGF1 gene. We genotyped 10 SNPs (9 haplotype tagging SNPs (htSNPs)) within Cancer Prostate in Sweden (CAPS), a case-control study of 2,863 cases and 1,737 controls, in order to investigate if genetic variation in the IGF1 gene is associated with prostate cancer risk. Three haplotype blocks were identified across the IGF1 gene and 9 SNPs were selected as haplotype tagging SNPs. Common haplotypes in the block covering the 3' region of the IGF1 gene showed significant global association with prostate cancer risk (p = 0.004), with one particular haplotype giving an odds ratio of 1.46 (95% CI = 1.15-1.84, p = 0.002). This haplotype had a prevalence of 5% in the study population. Our results indicate that common variation in the IGF1 gene, particularly in the 3' region, may affect prostate cancer risk. Further studies on genetic variations in the IGF1 gene in relation to prostate cancer risk as well as to circulating levels of IGF1 are needed to confirm this novel finding.