gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of an 11-kDa FKBP12-rapamycin-binding domain within the 289-kDa FKBP12-rapamycin-associated protein and characterization of a critical serine residue. (1995)

Complexed with its intracellular receptor, FKBP12, the natural product rapamycin inhibits G1 progression of the cell cycle in a variety of mammalian cell lines and in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisae. Previously, a mammalian protein that directly associates with FKBP12-rapamycin has been identified and its encoding gene has been cloned from both human (designated FRAP) [Brown, E.J., Albers, M.W., Shin, T.B., Ichikawa, K., Keith, C.T., Lane, W.S. & Schreiber, S.L. (1994) Nature (London) 369, 756-758] and rat (designated RAFT) [Sabatini, D.M., Erdjument-Bromage, H., Lui, M., Tempst, P. & Snyder, S.H. (1994) Cell 78, 35-43]. The full-length FRAP is a 289-kDa protein containing a putative phosphatidylinositol kinase domain. Using an in vitro transcription/translation assay method coupled with proteolysis studies, we have identified an 11-kDa FKBP12-rapamycin-binding domain within FRAP. This minimal binding domain lies N-terminal to the kinase domain and spans residues 2025-2114. In addition, we have carried out mutagenesis studies to investigate the role of Ser2035, a potential phosphorylation site for protein kinase C within this domain. We now show that the FRAP Ser2035-->Ala mutant displays similar binding affinity when compared with the wild-type protein, whereas all other mutations at this site, including mimics of phosphoserine, abolish binding, presumably due to either unfavorable steric interactions or induced conformational changes.
Clofazimine ointment in the treatment of trophic ulcers. (1973)

SUMMARY A small series of patients suffering from trophic ulcera­ tion of various aetiologies, successfully treated with c10fazimine 1% ointment, is reported. The healing time achieved in this uncontrolled series was sufficiently remarkable to warrant further investigations and assess­ ment.
Lipid structural reorganization induced by the pancreatic lipase cofactor, procolipase (1995)

Pancreatic colipase and its precursor, procolipase, facilitate interfacial lipid hydrolysis catalyzed by pancreatic lipase. To better understand how procolipase functions, its interactions with mixed-lipid monolayers at the argon-buffer interface have been characterized. The lipid mixtures consisted of 1-stearoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and either 1,3-dioleoylglycerol, a model lipase substrate, or 13,16-cis,cis-docosadienoic acid, a model lipase product. Analysis of the lipid composition dependence of procolipase-induced surface pressure increases shows thermodynamically that procolipase interacts strongly and preferentially with the lipase substrate or product. This finding was confirmed by fluorescence measurements of procolipase interaction with pyrene lipid analogs. Analysis of the quantity of procolipase adsorbed to the lipid monolayers shows that interfacial packing obeys a simple, geometric model. The partial molecular areas obtained for procolipase (708 A2) and the phosphatidylcholine (70 A2) agree with their known cross-sectional areas. However, the areas for the fatty acid (14 A2) and diacylglycerol (18 A2) are less than half the expected values, indicating the formation of substrate multilayers. Overall, the results indicate a previously unrecognized role for procolipase, recruiting substrate laterally to its vicinity and, hence, to pancreatic lipase with which procolipase forms a 1:1 interfacial complex. Accompanying this preferential interaction of procolipase with lipase substrates is their rearrangement normal to the interface. These previously unrecognized properties of this lipase cofactor should have relevance for the regulation of other lipases, like lipoprotein lipase, which are regulated by cofactor proteins.
Explosives (2002)

1908 in Spandau (Berlin) and took his degree in Physical Chemistry. He began his initial studies in the area of energetic compounds in connection with his Doctor's degree in 1931 at Professor Bodenstein's Institute in Berlin with a paper on the enthalpy of formation and thermal decomposition of hydrazoic acid. After taking his Doctor's degree, he entered the Dynamit Nobel Company in 1934 as assistant to Dr. Ph. Naoum. He worked there from 1936 -1945 on the development of pourable ammonium nitrate explosives and on hollow charges. After the WWII he accepted a position as scientific adviser to the Government of Argentina in Buenos Aires. He returned to Germany in 1954
Derivatization of peptides to enhance ionization effiency and control fragmentation during analysis by fast atom bombardment tandem mass spectrometry (1991)

Novel and simple procedures for preparing ethyl-triphenylphosphonium derivatives of peptides are described. These procedures allow an ethyl-triphenylphosphonium moiety to be selectively attached to either the N- or C-terminus. The resulting derivatives contain a positive charge at a fixed position and have significant hydrophobic character. Modification of peptides by these chemical methods significantly enhances the efficiency of fast atom bombardment ionization, especially of hydrophilic peptides. Moreover, upon collisionally activated dissociation, the derivatized peptides generate a predictable series of sequence ions from either the C-terminus or the N-terminus, depending on the location of the ethyl-triphenylphosphonium moiety.
The effect of chemical modification of basic amino acid residues on the activation and amidolytic activity of Hageman factor (factor XII). (1993)

Modification of arginyl residues of Hageman factor by phenylglyoxal hydrate inhibits activation of this clotting factor in a plasma-free system, that is, in the absence of the other constituents of the contact activation system. Activation is also inhibited by alteration of the other two basic amino acid residues present, lysine and histidine. Chemical modification of histidine and arginine residues does not inhibit the amidolytic activity of activated Hageman factor. In contrast, modification of amino group(s) in N-terminal and lysine residues inhibits activated Hageman factor. Thus, basic amino acid residues essential to the activation or activity of Hageman factor appear to be variably accessible to chemical modification.
Recent Advances in Intraocular Drug Delivery Systems (2011)

Vitreoretinal diseases are refractory to both topical and systemic pharmacological approaches because of specific environment of the eye. That is, the cornea, the sclera, nasolacrimal drainage of tears, frontward stream of aqueous humor, blood-aqueous barrier, and blood-retinal barrier strictly limit penetration and diffusion of drug into the retina. However, recent advances in intraocular drug delivery systems (DDS) have enabled drug to be delivered effectively into the eye. Clinically successful or promising cases involve non-biodegradable implants and inserts, biodegradable inserts and microparticles, intravitreal or sub-Tenon's injection of triamcinolone acetonide, and a photodynamic therapy (PDT) with verteporfin, a photosensitizer. More recently, a variety of pharmacological challenges to treat exudative age-related macular degeneration and macular edema are proceeding into clinical trials, as soon as anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapies have been proved to be effective by repeated intravitreal injections. In the near future, DDS must be required not only to develop a new treatment modality but also to improve efficacy and/or reduce injection numbers of currently available drugs. Here we introduce controlled release of drug and discussion of recent patents with biodegradable or non-biodegradable implants and drug targeting by modification of systemically administered drug.
In the &lt;i&gt;News&lt;/i&gt; (2011)

Welcome to the January 2011 issue of C&RL News.Just as ACRL has started the process of creating a new strategic plan (see the News from the Field section for details), strategic planning is essential for academic and research libraries as they strive to demonstrate their value on campus.But the process can be somewhat overwhelming and daunting at times.Richard Wayne unravels "The academic library strategic planning puzzle" in this issue.Many libraries are including scholarly communication issues, such as open access and institutional repository support, in their plans.And not just large research institutions, as Jonathan Miller of Rollins College notes in his article "Open access and liberal arts colleges."Providing services to all student groups is integral to success at all types of institutions.Claire Walker and Amanda Click highlight "Meeting the reference expectations of ESL students," as they adjust to new cultures and education systems.Reaching out and relating to today's Millennial students can be a challenge.Anne
A Technical Review of Minimally Invasive Mitral Valve Replacements (2014)

Mitral regurgitation is one of the most common forms of heart valve disorder, which may result in heart failure. Due to the rapid ageing of the population, surgical repair and replacement treatments, which have represented an effective treatment in the past, are now unsuitable for about half of symptomatic patients, who are judged high-risk. Encouraged by the positive experience with transcatheter aortic valves and percutaneous reconstructive mitral treatments, a number of research groups are currently engaged in the development of minimally invasive approaches for the functional replacement of the mitral valve. The first experiences have clearly demonstrated that the approach is feasible and promising, though significant progress is still required in the prostheses design and implantation procedures before the treatment can establish as a safe and effective solution. This review analyses the devices currently at a most advanced stage of development, describing their main features and the technical solutions that they adopt in order to respond to the functional requirements of the most challenging of the heart valves.
Identification of the Autoantigen of Celiac Disease (1998)

Tissue transglutaminase is demonstrated to be the unknown endomysial autoantigen by means of immunoprecipitations from a fibrosarcoma cell culture. A novel hypothesis for the pathogenesis of celiac disease is formulated: The mainly intracellular tissue transglutaminase is released from cells during wound healing where it aids in stabilizing the wound area by cross-linking a small set of extracellular matrix components.
bag-of-marbles: a Drosophila gene required to initiate both male and female gametogenesis. (1990)

In Drosophila, male and female gametes begin development when a stem cell divides to produce a cyst precursor. Subsequently, four special divisions give rise to a cluster of 16 interconnected cystocytes that develop into a single egg or 64 sperm. We identified and characterized a gene, bag-of-marbles (bam), that disrupts cyst formation in both sexes. An apparent null mutation causes abnormal cysts to form containing an excess number of cells that cannot differentiate into gametes. bam function resides within a simple 2.2-kb transcription unit encoding a single 442-amino-acid protein that shows similarity to the product of the ovarian tumor gene. The specific expression of bam RNA within female cystoblasts suggested that it might be involved in the specific cell-cycle alterations that occur during cystocyte divisions.
Low Temperature Poly‐Si TFT Technology (1999)

Abstract This paper focuses on Excimer laser crystallized poly‐Si TFT technologies for obtaining high performance note‐book‐size displays with high pixel density. Topics included are TFT structures for C‐MOS circuits and their process integration, threshold voltage control, and reliability of TFT characteristics. These technologies have been applied to 8.4‐inch SVGA, 10.4‐inch XGA and 12.1‐inch XGA displays.
Advanced digital receiver principles and technologies for PCS (1995)

The synergy between digital radio communications and VLSI signal processing is revolutionizing the design of wireless terminals. Driving this synergy are certain fundamental paradigms in modern communication theory, digital signal processing, and VLSI design. The authors discuss the modern centers-of-gravity model, which they believe is emerging as the basis for the successful design and implementation of advanced digital communication systems. Central to this model are design principles that enable engineers to systematically derive digital receiver structures and explore algorithm and architecture trade-offs using sophisticated tools. Digital signal processing technology is critical in the implementation of these digital receiver structures efficiently. Finally, CAD tools for digital communications system design and design space exploration are shown to be of crucial importance in the efficient execution of these designs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Robust Real-Time Myocardial Border Tracking for Echocardiography: An Information Fusion Approach (2004)

Ultrasound is a main noninvasive modality for the assessment of the heart function. Wall tracking from ultrasound data is, however, inherently difficult due to weak echoes, clutter, poor signal-to-noise ratio, and signal dropouts. To cope with these artifacts, pretrained shape models can be applied to constrain the tracking. However, existing methods for incorporating subspace shape constraints in myocardial border tracking use only partial information from the model distribution, and do not exploit spatially varying uncertainties from feature tracking. In this paper, we propose a complete fusion formulation in the information space for robust shape tracking, optimally resolving uncertainties from the system dynamics, heteroscedastic measurement noise, and subspace shape model. We also exploit information from the ground truth initialization where this is available. The new framework is applied for tracking of myocardial borders in very noisy echocardiography sequences. Numerous myocardium tracking experiments validate the theory and show the potential of very accurate wall motion measurements. The proposed framework outperforms the traditional shape-space-constrained tracking algorithm by a significant margin. Due to the optimal fusion of different sources of uncertainties, robust performance is observed even for the most challenging cases.
Three-Dimensional Mechanics, Kinematics, and Morphology of the Knee Viewed in Virtual Reality (2005)

Eckhoff, Donald G. MD, MS; Bach, Joel M. PHD; Spitzer, Victor M. PHD; Reinig, Karl D. PHD; Bagur, Michelle M. BS; Baldini, Todd H. MS; Flannery, Nicolas M.P. BS Author Information
<i>In vivo</i> quantitation of rare circulating tumor cells by multiphoton intravital flow cytometry (2007)

Quantitation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) constitutes an emerging tool for the diagnosis and staging of cancer, assessment of response to therapy, and evaluation of residual disease after surgery. Unfortunately, no existing technology has the sensitivity to measure the low numbers of tumor cells (<1 CTC per ml of whole blood) that characterize minimal levels of disease. We present a method, intravital flow cytometry, that noninvasively counts rare CTCs in vivo as they flow through the peripheral vasculature. The method involves i.v. injection of a tumor-specific fluorescent ligand followed by multiphoton fluorescence imaging of superficial blood vessels to quantitate the flowing CTCs. Studies in mice with metastatic tumors demonstrate that CTCs can be quantitated weeks before metastatic disease is detected by other means. Analysis of whole blood samples from cancer patients further establishes that human CTCs can be selectively labeled and quantitated when present at approximately 2 CTCs per ml, opening opportunities for earlier assessment of metastatic disease.
High-Accuracy and Robust Localization of Large Control Markers for Geometric Camera Calibration (2008)

Accurate measurement of the position of features in an image is subject to a fundamental compromise: The features must be both small, to limit the effect of nonlinear distortions, and large, to limit the effect of noise and discretization. This constrains both the accuracy and the robustness of image measurements, which play an important role in geometric camera calibration as well as in all subsequent measurements based on that calibration. In this paper, we present a new geometric camera calibration technique that exploits the complete camera model during the localization of control markers, thereby abolishing the marker size compromise. Large markers allow a dense pattern to be used instead of a simple disc, resulting in a significant increase in accuracy and robustness. When highly planar markers are used, geometric camera calibration based on synthetic images leads to true errors of 0.002 pixels, even in the presence of artifacts such as noise, illumination gradients, compression, blurring, and limited dynamic range. The camera parameters are also accurately recovered, even for complex camera models.
Optic Neuropathy Induced by Reductions in Mitochondrial Superoxide Dismutase (2003)

The striking similarity of the optic neuropathy to the histopathology of LHON is powerful evidence supporting ROS as a key factor in the pathogenesis of LHON.
Fabrication techniques and characteristics of Al-SiO/sub 2/ laminated optical polarizers (1993)

Techniques for fabricating laminated polarizers (LAMIPOLs), which consist of alternating laminated layers of aluminum and silica, for the wavelength region lambda >1 mu m, are investigated. The oxidation of Al films is prevented by a suitable choice of deposition conditions. The surfaces of SiO/sub 2/ films are smoothed by bias sputtering. A 10 mu m thick LAMIPOL was obtained having an insertion loss of 0.15 dB and an extinction ratio of greater than 60 dB at the wavelength of 1.3 mu m. These characteristics can be estimated from the attenuated constants of the fundamental modes even when higher modes are considered.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A GPS-Reflections Receiver That Computes Doppler/Delay Maps in Real Time (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This paper describes a new instrument that was specially designed and developed to gather global positioning system (GPS) signals after they have been reflected from suitable surfaces (sea, ice, and ground), for Earth remote sensing. The device has been called the GPS open-loop differential real-time receiver (GOLD-RTR). Its main and most innovative feature is its computation and storage, in real time, of complex-valued (<formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$I$</tex></formula> and <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$Q$</tex></formula>) cross correlations (waveforms) between GPS L1-C/A signals—received directly and after reflection—and the corresponding models of these signals. Particularly, the GOLD-RTR schedules consecutive coherent integration time slots of 1 ms over which ten parallel correlation channels, with 64 lags each, work simultaneously and continuously with the input raw data sampled at 40 MHz. The total throughput is 10 000 waveforms per second, each waveform being 64 lags long. These real-time correlation resources can be flexibly distributed in several configurations according to the observational requirements, for instance: Doppler/delay maps or up to ten simultaneous reflected waveforms for ten different GPS satellites are examples of what can be done. The further processing of the real-time computed 1-ms waveforms in a flight campaign over the ocean, ice, or ground can be used to obtain geophysical parameters such as sea level and tides, sea surface mean-square slopes, ice roughness and thickness, soil moisture and biomass, or future applications. This paper covers the GOLD-RTR architecture and hardware, signal processing and data storage issues, machine–user interface, laboratory readiness tests, and waveform data samples from the first two jet aircraft campaigns at 9300 m over the sea. </para>
Polarity determination of a-plane GaN on r-plane sapphire and its effects on lateral overgrowth and heteroepitaxy (2003)

Achieving nitride-based device structures unaffected by polarization-induced electric fields can be realized with nonpolar GaN, although polarity plays a key role in the growth. (112¯0) a-plane GaN films were grown on (11¯02) r-plane sapphire substrates and subsequently laterally overgrown using metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. Convergent beam electron diffraction analysis was used to determine the a-GaN polarity to explicitly define the film/substrate relationship, and subsequently to identify various growth features and surfaces observed throughout our studies of a-plane GaN. In particular, the effects of polarity on (1) lateral overgrowth from mask stripe openings aligned along [1¯100]GaN and (2) pit formation in heteroepitaxial films grown under nonoptimized conditions were investigated. The fundamental differences between the polar surfaces are clearly observed; analysis of the lateral epitaxial overgrowth stripes revealed that (0001) surfaces grew faster than (0001̄) surfaces by approximately an order of magnitude, and these stable, slow-growing (0001̄) surfaces are a likely cause of pitting in a-GaN films. The growth features under investigation were imaged using scanning and transmission electron microscopy.
Preparation of enantiomeric gossypol by crystallization (2003)

Large enantiomorphic crystals of gossypol-acetone (1:3) were grown from acetone solutions of rac-gossypol-acetic acid (1:1) at 4 degrees C. By controlling the initial gossypol concentration, crystallization time, and solution volume, single crystals were grown that weighed >50 mg, equivalent to >37 mg of enantiomeric gossypol. Even larger crystals were possible, but it was difficult to produce these reliably without contamination of the antipode. Essentially all of the acetone within the crystal form was removed by storing the crystals under vacuum for 3-4 days. By employing these techniques, gram quantities of enantiomeric gossypol were prepared in high chemical and optical purity. Based on measured and reported optical rotations, the optical purity of samples prepared by crystallization was greater than the optical purity of samples prepared by chromatographic separation of gossypol-amine diastereomers. The principal limitation of crystallization as a preparative method is the need to determine the chirality and purity of each product crystal. Nevertheless, the method competes favorably with preparative-scale chromatographic procedures.
Mobile Streams: a middleware for reconfigurable distributed scripting (2003)

A large class of distributed applications follow an event-driven or reactive paradigm. Such applications can benefit from mobile agent technology by making it easy to add reconfigurability, extensibility and failure resilience features at an application level. We present the design of middleware for building reactive, extensible, reconfigurable distributed systems, based upon an abstraction which we call Mobile Streams. Using our system, a distributed, event-driven application can be scripted from a single point of control and dynamically extended and reconfigured while it is executing. Our system is suitable for building a wide variety of applications; for example, distributed testing, conferencing and control-oriented applications. We illustrate the use of our system by presenting example applications.
A performance sensitive hormone-inspired system for task distribution amongst evolving robots (2008)

A hormone-inspired task scheduling method is described which assigns tasks to a group of robots, taking into account the robotspsila performances. This method draws on previous work using endocrine-based methodologies, and incorporates existing evolutionary robotics methods. In the resulting system, robot performance data, generated as part of evolution, is used to autonomously reassign tasks amongst the group, without the use of a central controller.