gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Systemic CD8 T-Cell Memory Response to a<i>Salmonella</i>Pathogenicity Island 2 Effector Is Restricted to<i>Salmonella enterica</i>Encountered in the Gastrointestinal Mucosa (2007)

To better understand the evolution of a systemic memory response to a mucosal pathogen, we monitored antigen-specific OT1 CD8 T-cell responses to a fusion of the SspH2 protein and the peptide SIINFEKL stably expressed from the chromosome of Salmonella enterica and loaded into the class I pathway of antigen presentation of professional phagocytes through the Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 type III secretion system (TTSS). This strategy has revealed that effector memory CD8 T cells with low levels of CD62L expression (CD62L(low)) are maintained in systemic sites months after vaccination in response to low-grade infections with Salmonella. However, the CD8 T-cell pool eventually declines. Low numbers of central memory cells surviving after prolonged resting from an antigen encounter can nevertheless reconstitute the systemic effector memory pool in a route-specific recall response to cognate antigens encountered in the gut. Accordingly, populations of CD62L(high) interleukin-7 receptor-positive progenitor central memory cells grafted into naïve mice expand in response to orally administered Salmonella expressing the chromosomal translational fusion of sspH2 and the sequence encoding the SIINFEKL peptide but fail to proliferate following systemic stimulation. Moreover, populations of systemic memory CD8 T cells restricted to Salmonella in oral vaccines selectively expand in response to cognate antigens presented by cells isolated from mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN). Together, these findings have revealed the imprinting of systemic CD8 central memory T-cell recall responses against enteropathogens by MLN. MLN restriction represents a novel mechanism by which systemic CD8 T-cell immunity is confined to periods of high risk for extraintestinal dissemination.
New Therapeutic Potentials of Milk Thistle (<i>Silybum marianum</i>) (2013)

Silymarin is a bioflavonoid complex extract derived from dry seeds of Milk thistle [(Silybum marianum(L.) Gaemrnt. (Fam. Asteraceae/Compositaceae)] whose hepatoprotective effect has clinically been proved. Low toxicity, favorable pharmacokinetics, powerful antioxidant, detoxifying, preventive, protective and regenerative effects and side effects similar to placebo make silymarin extremely attractive and safe for therapeutic use. The medicinal properties of silymarin and its main component silibinin have been studied in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, sepsis, burns, osteoporosis, diabetes, cholestasis and hypercholesterolemia. Owing to its apoptotic effect, without cytotoxic effects, silymarin possesses potential applications in the treatment of various cancers. Silymarin is being examined as a neuro-, nephro- and cardio-protective in the damage of different etiologies due to its strong antioxidant potentials. Furthermore, it has fetoprotective (against the influence of alcohol) and prolactin effects and is safe to be used during pregnancy and lactation. Finally, the cosmetics industry is examining the antioxidant and UV-protective effects of silymarin. Further clinical studies and scientific evidence that silymarin and silibinin are effective in the therapy of various pathologies are indispensable in order to confirm their different flavonolignan pharmacological effects.
Apelin in Plasma and Vitreous and in Fibrovascular Retinal Membranes of Patients with Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (2010)

The apelin/APJ system may be involved in retinal neovascularization during the development of proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
Electrochemical detection of kinase-catalyzed phosphorylation using ferrocene-conjugated ATP (2007)

Adenosine-5'-[gamma-ferrocene] triphosphate is exploited as a co-substrate for the phosphorylation of the surface-immobilized peptide C-SIYRRGSRRWRKL by protein kinase C, in which the gamma-ferrocene phosphate is transferred to the peptide and then detected by cyclic voltammetry.
Influence of the nature of organic compounds on fine soil stabilization with cement (2002)

It is well known that organic matter may affect the cementing process in soils, but what happens when cement is added to an organic soil? Both the organic matter content and the nature of this organic matter affect the properties of a treated soil. It appears that some organic compounds delay or even inhibit the hydration process of cement, while others do not affect the reaction at all. This paper presents some results of a laboratory study in which 13 different organic compounds were added separately to two different soils, and then treated with 10% cement. To assess the cementing process, undrained shear strength was measured on the different specimens, and some chemical analyses were performed on the pore liquid. The results indicate that the organic acids producing a pH lower than 9 in the pore solution strongly affect the development of cementing products and almost no strength gain was noted. Also, oils and hydrocarbons, which are insoluble in water, delay the cement hydration but do not affect the final strength. Finally, the pH value and the SO 4 concentration in the pore solution are good indicators of the cementing effectiveness of the treated specimens.Key words: soil stabilization, organic compounds, undrained shear strength, cement, chemical analyses.
High-level control language customizes application programs (power system analysis) (1991)

IPLAN (interface programming language), a high-level control language that can be used to enhance an application program's scope and capability, is discussed. IPLAN has many features found in BASIC and Fortran, with the addition of graphics and forms (simplified window data entry) subroutines. When the language is embedded within a host program, users can develop customized applications that augment the host program. The program's usefulness to engineers is detailed. Several of its power system engineering applications, namely voltage collapse analysis, line drop and circulating current compensation, and the creation of user-defined forms are examined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Enabling low amounts of YAG:Ce<sup>3+</sup>to convert blue into white light with plasmonic Au nanoparticles (2015)

We report a new strategy to directly attach Au nanoparticles onto YAG:Ce(3+) phosphor via a chemical preparation method, which yields efficient and quality conversion of blue to yellow light in the presence of a low amount of phosphor. Photoluminescent intensity and quantum yield of YAG:Ce(3+) phosphor are significantly enhanced after Au nanoparticle modification, which can be attributed to the strongly enhanced local surface electromagnetic field of Au nanoparticles on the phosphor particle surface. The CIE color coordinates shifted from the blue light (0.23, 0.23) to the white light region (0.30, 0.33) with a CCT value of 6601 K and a good white light CRI value of 78, which indicates that Au nanoparticles greatly improve the conversion efficiency of low amounts of YAG:Ce(3+) in WLEDs.
Experimental Mechanical and Histologic Evaluation of the Kennedy Ligament Augmentation Device (1985)

Reconstruction of the knee with a chronic injury to the anterior cruciate ligament is an unsolved problem. Biologic graft substitutes have failed to maintain knee stability in the longer postreconstruction intervals. In an attempt to overcome the limitations in graft performance, synthetic materials have been proposed to augment the biologic tissue. In this study, a 6-mm polypropylene braid Ligament Augmentation Device (LAD) possessing a tensile strength of 1500 N and excellent fatigue and creep properties was investigated as an adjunct to the Macintosh/Marshall Over-the-Top repair. A two-year animal study of 54 adult goats was conducted in which experimental ACL defects were created and reconstructed with a transplant consisting of a portion of the rectus femoris tendon, prepatellar tissue, and the central one-third of the patellar tendon. The goats were equally divided between nonaugmented and LAD-augmented groups and sacrificed at three, six, 12, and 24 months after surgery. Mechanically, the augmented transplants were substantially stronger at the time of initial implantation (364N versus 26N) and again at two years (841N versus 528N). Intermediate times did not demonstrate a difference in strength. Histologically, the augmented transplants consisted of a loosely organized fibrous capsule surrounding the LAD. At 24 months, “insertion fibers” were noted to provide continuity between the fibrous tissue and bone on both the tibia and femur.
Generating radially polarized beams interferometrically (1990)

Two interferometric techniques for converting a linearly polarized laser beam into a radially polarized beam with uniform azimuthal intensity are described. The techniques are based on the linear combination of orthogonally polarized beams, which have tailored intensity and phase profiles. Linearly polarized beams with intensity profiles tailored using a modified laser or an apodization filter are combined in separate experiments to produce radially polarized light. A beam with an extinction ratio of -21.7 dB and azimuthal intensity variations of less than +/-12% is produced using the modified laser output. The second technique uses circularly polarized light and a unique spiral phase delay plate to produce the required phase profile. When focused, a radially polarized beam has a net longitudinal field useful for particle acceleration and, perhaps, other unique applications.
Combined Tractional and Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy in the Anti-VEGF Era (2014)

Purpose. To investigate the clinical features, surgical outcomes, and prognostic factors of combined rhegmatogenous and tractional detachment (combined RD) in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) in recent years. Methods. Medical records of PDR and combined RD treated with vitrectomy from 2008 to 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. Results. A total of 57 eyes from 49 patients were included. Nine eyes had received panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) and 7 eyes had intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) within 3 months before RD developed. Thirty-eight eyes (66.7%) had ≧3 sites of broad adhesion of fibrovascular proliferation (FVP). Thirty-three eyes (57.9%) showed active FVP. Thirty-four eyes (59.6%) had extent of RD involving 3 or 4 quadrants. The primary reattachment rate was 93.0%, and the final visual acuity (VA) improved by more than 3 lines in 80.7% of eyes. Neovascular glaucoma occurred in 4 eyes postoperatively. Poor preoperative VA, severe vitreoretinal adhesion, and broad extent of RD had significant correlation with poor visual outcomes. Conclusion. PRP or IVB might play a role in provoking combined RD. The anatomical and functional success rates of surgery were high. Poor preoperative VA and severe proliferations predicted poor visual outcomes.
Lewis Acids Catalyze the Addition of Allylboronates to Aldehydes by Electrophilic Activation of the Dioxaborolane in a Closed Transition Structure (2004)

This study addressed the mechanism of the recently reported Lewis acid-catalyzed manifold for additions of allylboronates to aldehydes. A series of control experiments using various reagents and conditions, and kinetic studies by low-temperature NMR spectroscopy, were performed to investigate the origin of the activation provided by the best catalyst, Sc(OTf)3. The results obtained are strongly supportive of a mechanism involving electrophilic boron activation by coordination of the metal ion to one of the boronate oxygens in a closed bimolecular transition state.
BLOOD LIPIDS, LIPID-RELATED MEASURES, AND THE RISK OF ATHEROSCLEROTIC CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE (1987)

Journal Article BLOOD LIPIDS, LIPID-RELATED MEASURES, AND THE RISK OF ATHEROSCLEROTIC CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE Get access ROBERT B. WALLACE, ROBERT B. WALLACE 1Departments of Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health, and Internal Medicine, University of IowaIowa City, IA Reprint requests to Dr. Robert B. Wallace, Department of Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health, 2800 SB, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar RICHARD A. ANDERSON RICHARD A. ANDERSON 2Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, and the Veterans Administration Medical CenterIowa City, IA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Epidemiologic Reviews, Volume 9, Issue 1, 1987, Pages 95–119, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.epirev.a036310 Published: 01 March 1987
Scalable regular expression matching on data streams (2008)

Regular Expression (RE) matching has important applications in the areas of XML content distribution and network security. In this paper, we present the end-to-end design of a high performance RE matching system. Our system combines the processing efficiency of Deterministic Finite Automata (DFA) with the space efficiency of Non-deterministic Finite Automata (NFA) to scale to hundreds of REs. In experiments with real-life RE data on data streams, we found that a bulk of the DFA transitions are concentrated around a few DFA states. We exploit this fact to cache only the frequent core of each DFA in memory as opposed to the entire DFA (which may be exponential in size). Further, we cluster REs such that REs whose interactions cause an exponential increase in the number of states are assigned to separate groups -- this helps to improve cache hits by controlling the overall DFA size.
Crystal structure of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation 1 (MALT1) paracaspase region (2011)

The mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation 1 (MALT1) paracaspase, a key component of the Carma1/Bcl10/MALT1 signalosome, is critical for NF-κB signaling in multiple contexts. MALT1 is thought to function as a scaffold and protease to promote signaling; however, the biochemical and structural basis of paracaspase action remains largely unknown. Here we report the 1.75-Å resolution crystal structure of the MALT1 paracaspase region, which contains the paracaspase domain and an ensuing Ig-like domain. The paracaspase and the Ig domains appear as a single folding unit and interact with each other through extensive van der Waals contacts and hydrogen bonds. The paracaspase domain adopts a fold that is nearly identical to that of classic caspases and homodimerizes similarly to form an active protease. Unlike caspases, the active and mature form of the paracaspase domain remains a single uncleaved polypeptide and specifically recognizes the bound peptide inhibitor Val-Arg-Pro-Arg. In particular, the carboxyl-terminal amino acid Arg of the inhibitor is coordinated by three highly conserved acidic residues. This structure serves as an important framework for deciphering the function and mechanism of paracaspases exemplified by MALT1.
The effects of oral and combined parenteral/oral immunization against an experimental Escherichia coli urinary tract infection in mice. (1983)

A double oral immunization (PO/PO) with an outer membrane protein (OMP) from a human uropathogenic strain of Escherichia coli, resulted in the partial protection of mice infected per urethrally with the same strain. Complete protection was achieved by immunizing with OMP in Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA), intramuscularly (i.m.), followed by an oral boost (i.m./PO). The PO/PO protocol stimulated mainly local urinary antibody synthesis, particularly IgA, whilst the i.m./PO regimen resulted in the appearance of both serum and urine antibodies. A single dose of OMP, 6 days after infection, rendered the mice resistant to reinfection, in contrast to non-immunized mice, and led to a significant increase in urine, serum and bile IgA anti-OMP levels. Our results confirm previous reports that the urinary tract forms part of the common mucosal immune system and provides further evidence for immunological memory in mucosal immunity. These results also demonstrate that our OMP preparation is a highly effective immunizing antigen, and that such preparations may be suitable as oral vaccines against urinary tract infection in humans.
Statistical impulse detection of in-vehicle power line noise using hidden Markov model (2010)

Control signal networks in vehicles using dedicated communication cables such as twisted wires and fiber optics cables have been built in order to communicate between electronic control units (ECUs). However, there are problems such as the increase in weight of the cable harness and the difficulty to insure the reliability of complicated network architectures. Communication systems using in-vehicle power lines have been investigated. This paper proposes an impulse detection scheme and its four criteria to decide the impulse occurrence in a communication cycle by using the two-state hidden Markovian-Gaussian noise model for noise on in-vehicle power lines. The new scheme involves the maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation using the Baum-Welch (BW) algorithm and the moment method to estimate the model parameters. The proposed scheme is applied to noise generated from the hidden Markov model and noise observed on in-vehicle power lines and investigate their detection accuracy. It is shown that the detection accuracy is substantially improved by using an impulse occurrence criterion based on the number of free parameters.
The cyanobacterial toxin microcystin binds covalently to cysteine‐273 on protein phosphatase 1 (1995)

The interaction between protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) and microcystin (MC) was stable in 1% SDS or 70% formic acid indicative of a covalent interaction. Here we isolate the MC-binding peptide and demonstrate that Cys273 of PP1 binds covalently to the methyl-dehydroalanine (Mdha) residue of the toxin. Mutation of Cys273 to Ala, Ser or Leu abolished covalent binding to MC, as did reduction of the Mdha residue of the toxin with ethanethiol. The abolition of covalent binding increased the IC50 for toxin inhibition of PP1 by 5- to 20-fold. The covalent binding of MC to protein serine/threonine phosphatases explains the failure to detect this toxin post-mortem in suspected cases of MC poisoning.
Historical Origins of Landscape Painting and Chinese Gardens (2009)

Ancient Chinese landscape painting and landscape garden have very close historical ties. Knowing the relationship helps us to further understand the development process of the two. By analyzing relatively independent dynasties, this text expounds in detail the process of their birth, growth, prosperity and mutual influence, which helps to clarify the context of their development and understand the inevitable occurrence of some relevant historical trends.
Concerted Evolution of Structure and Function in a Miniature Protein (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTConcerted Evolution of Structure and Function in a Miniature ProteinJason W. Chin and Alanna SchepartzView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Yale University New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 12, 2929–2930Publication Date (Web):February 28, 2001Publication History Received4 October 2000Published online28 February 2001Published inissue 1 March 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja0056668https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0056668rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views744Altmetric-Citations78LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Chemical specificity,Chemical structure,Genetics,Peptides and proteins,Viruses Get e-Alerts
Sub-20 nm x-ray nanolithography using conventional mask technologies on monochromatized synchrotron radiation (1997)

The optimal wavelength range for x-ray lithography is usually estimated between 0.8 and 1.4 nm. In this work, the use of a monochromator working at 1.1 nm on synchrotron radiation is reported. Replication results in this monochromatic mode are compared with results obtained for a polychromatic synchrotron radiation centered at 0.8 nm in terms of resolution and image contrast. Two conventional mask technologies are used for this study. The influence of the mask contrast is also studied. A nondestructive soft contact system was chosen to lower the gap below 1 μm. An ultimate resolution of 20 nm is shown in PMMA resist as well as 35 nm in PMMA/MAA (8.5%) resist for the monochromatic mode. The effect of photoelectrons created in the substrate is also investigated by replications on Si substrates coated with a Cr/Au bilayer. In addition, the daughtering of high resolution masks at 1.1 nm is successfully performed in the 20 nm range by Au electroplating.
High-throughput ionic liquid electrospray sources based on dense monolithic arrays of emitters with integrated extractor grid and carbon nanotube flow control structures (2013)

We report the design, fabrication, and experimental characterization of externally-fed, batch-microfabricated electrospray emitter arrays with integrated extractor grid and carbon nanotube flow control structures for low-voltage and high-throughput electrospray of the ionic liquid EMI-BF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> in vacuum. The conformal carbon nanotube forest on the emitters provides a highly effective wicking structure to transport liquid up the emitter surface to the emission site at the tips. Arrays containing as many as 81 emitters in 1 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> were tested and emission currents as high as 5 μA per emitter in both polarities were measured, with a start-up bias voltage as low as 520 V. Imprints formed on the collector electrode and per-emitter IV characteristics showed excellent emission uniformity.