gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of Lactobacillus in cervical cancer (2018)

Xi Yang,1 Miao Da,2 Wenyuan Zhang,3 Quan Qi,4 Chun Zhang,5 Shuwen Han4 1Department of Intervention and Radiotherapy, Huzhou Central Hospital, 2Medical College of Nursing, Huzhou University, 3Department of Gynaecology, 4Department of Medical Oncology, 5Department of Infectious Diseases, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, People&amp;amp;rsquo;s Republic of China Abstract: Cervical cancer is a common malignant cancer among women worldwide. Changes in the vaginal microecological environment lead to multiple gynecological diseases, including cervical cancer. Recent research has shown that Lactobacillus may play an important role in the occurrence and development of cervical cancer. This review explores the role of Lactobacillus in cervical cancer. A total of 29 articles were included after identification and screening. The pertinent literature on Lactobacillus in cervical cancer from two perspectives, including clinical studies and experimental studies, was analyzed. An association network for the mechanism by which Lactobacillus induces cervical cancer was constructed. In addition, we provide direction and insight for further research on the role of Lactobacillus in cervical cancer. Keywords: CIN, cervical cancer, Lactobacillus, microorganism
Neural Substrates of Executive Dysfunction in Fragile X-Associated Tremor/Ataxia Syndrome (FXTAS): a Brain Potential Study (2012)

Executive dysfunction in fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) has been suggested to mediate other cognitive impairments. In the present study, event-related potentials and neuropsychological testing were combined to investigate the brain mechanisms underlying the executive dysfunction in FXTAS. Thirty-two-channel electroencephalography was recorded during an auditory "oddball" task requiring dual responses. FXTAS patients (N= 41, mean age= 62) displayed prolonged latencies of N1 and P3 and reduced amplitudes of P2 and P3, whereas their N2 measures remained within the normal range, indicating relatively preserved early-stage auditory attention but markedly impaired late-stage attention and working memory updating processes (as indexed by P3). Topographical mapping revealed a typical parietal P3 peak preceded by a prominent fronto-central P3 in normal control subjects (N= 32), whereas FXTAS patients had decreased parietal P3 amplitude and diminished fronto-central positivities with a delayed onset (∼50 ms later than controls, P < 0.002). The P3 abnormalities were associated with lower executive function test (e.g., BDS-2) scores. Smaller P3 amplitudes also correlated with increased CGG repeat length of fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene and higher FMR1 mRNA levels. These results indicate that abnormal fronto-parietal attentional network dynamics underlie executive dysfunction, the cardinal feature of cognitive impairment in FXTAS.
Characterization of a cDNA clone for the nonspecific cross-reacting antigen (NCA) and a comparison of NCA and carcinoembryonic antigen. (1988)

NCA (nonspecific cross-reacting antigen), a glycoprotein found in normal lung and spleen, is immunologically related to carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), which is found in over 95% of colon adenocarcinomas. From a human genomic library, we previously cloned part of an NCA gene and showed that the amino-terminal region has extensive sequence homology to CEA (Thompson, J. A., Pande, H., Paxton, R. J., Shively, L., Padma, A., Simmer, R. L., Todd, Ch. W., Riggs, A. D., and Shively, J.E. (1987) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S.A. 84, 2965-2969). We now present the nucleotide sequence of a cDNA clone, containing the entire coding region of NCA (clone 9). The clone was obtained from a lambda gt 10 library made from the colon carcinoma cell line SW 403; the clone contains a 34-amino acid leader sequence, 310 amino acids for the mature protein, and 1.4 kilobases of 3'-untranslated region of the NCA gene. A comparison of the NCA sequence to the CEA sequence (Oikawa, S., Nakazato, H., and Kosaki, G. (1987) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 142, 511-518; Zimmerman, W., Ortlieb, B., Friedrich, R., and von Kleist, S. (1987) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 84, 2690-2694) shows that both proteins contain doublets of an immunoglobulin-like domain, of which there are one copy in NCA and three copies in CEA, a 108-amino acid amino-terminal domain with no cysteine residues, and a carboxyl-terminal hydrophobic domain of sufficient length to anchor the glycoproteins in the cell membrane. Overall, the corresponding coding regions possess 85% sequence homology at the amino acid level and 90% homology at the nucleotide level. Forty nucleotides 3' of their stop codons, the CEA and NCA cDNAs become dissimilar. The 108-amino acid amino-terminal region together with part of the leader peptide sequence corresponds exactly to a single exon described in our previous work. The data presented here further demonstrate the likelihood that CEA recently evolved from NCA by gene duplication, including two duplications of the immunoglobulin-like domain doublet of NCA.
Thermal Processing Enhances the Nutritional Value of Tomatoes by Increasing Total Antioxidant Activity (2002)

Processed fruits and vegetables have been long considered to have lower nutritional value than their fresh commodities due to the loss of vitamin C during processing. This research group found vitamin C in apples contributed < 0.4% of total antioxidant activity, indicating most of the activity comes from the natural combination of phytochemicals. This suggests that processed fruits and vegetables may retain their antioxidant activity despite the loss of vitamin C. Here it is shown that thermal processing elevated total antioxidant activity and bioaccessible lycopene content in tomatoes and produced no significant changes in the total phenolics and total flavonoids content, although loss of vitamin C was observed. The raw tomato had 0.76 +/- 0.03 micromol of vitamin C/g of tomato. After 2, 15, and 30 min of heating at 88 degrees C, the vitamin C content significantly dropped to 0.68 +/- 0.02, 0.64 +/- 0.01, and 0.54 +/- 0.02 micromol of vitamin C/g of tomato, respectively (p < 0.01). The raw tomato had 2.01 +/- 0.04 mg of trans-lycopene/g of tomato. After 2, 15, and 30 min of heating at 88 degrees C, the trans-lycopene content had increased to 3.11+/- 0.04, 5.45 +/- 0.02, and 5.32 +/- 0.05 mg of trans-lycopene/g of tomato (p < 0.01). The antioxidant activity of raw tomatoes was 4.13 +/- 0.36 micromol of vitamin C equiv/g of tomato. With heat treatment at 88 degrees C for 2, 15, and 30 min, the total antioxidant activity significantly increased to 5.29 +/- 0.26, 5.53 +/- 0.24, and 6.70 +/- 0.25 micromol of vitamin C equiv/g of tomato, respectively (p < 0.01). There were no significant changes in either total phenolics or total flavonoids. These findings indicate thermal processing enhanced the nutritional value of tomatoes by increasing the bioaccessible lycopene content and total antioxidant activity and are against the notion that processed fruits and vegetables have lower nutritional value than fresh produce. This information may have a significant impact on consumers' food selection by increasing their consumption of fruits and vegetables to reduce the risks of chronic diseases.
Hardware Design of Standard Hash Algorithm HAS-160 (2005)

This paper is about the hardware implementation of the Hash algorithm, HAS-160, which is widely used for Internet security and authentication. VHDL modeling was used for its realization and the operation speed has been increased by the optimized scheduling of the operations required for step operations.
Botulinum toxin type A (BOTOX) for treatment of migraine headaches: An open‐label study (2000)

BOTOX was found to be a safe and effective therapy for both acute and prophylactic treatment of migraine headaches. Further research is needed to explore and develop the complete potential for the neuroinhibitory effects of botulinum toxin.
Identification of a putative histidine kinase two‐component phosphorelay gene ( <i>CaHK1</i> ) in <i>Candida albicans</i> (1998)

We have cloned and analysed the sequence of a putative histidine kinase, two-component gene (CaHK1) from Candida albicans. This gene encodes a 2471 amino acid protein (Cahk1p) with an estimated molecular mass of 281.8 kDa. A homology search of Cahk1p with other proteins in the databases showed that Cahk1p exhibits the greatest homology at its C-terminus with both the sensor and regulator components of prokaryotic and eukaryotic two-component histidine kinases. A further analysis of this homology showed that the Cahk1p possessed both sensor and regulator domains in the same polypeptide. Also, Cahk1p is likely to be a soluble protein. The sensor kinase domain of Cahk1p contains conserved motifs that are characteristic of all histidine kinase proteins, including the putative histidine which is believed to be autophosphorylated during activation, ATP binding motifs and others (F- and N-motifs), with unknown function. The Cahk1p regulator domain also contains conserved aspartate and lysine residues and the putative aspartate, which is secondarily phosphorylated by the autophosphorylated histidine. Finally, according to the codon usage frequency of the CaHK1 gene in comparison with other genes from C. albicans, there would appear to be a low level of expression of the gene.
Maximizing mutagenesis with solubilized CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoprotein complexes. (2016)

CRISPR-Cas9 enables efficient sequence-specific mutagenesis for creating somatic or germline mutants of model organisms. Key constraints in vivo remain the expression and delivery of active Cas9-sgRNA ribonucleoprotein complexes (RNPs) with minimal toxicity, variable mutagenesis efficiencies depending on targeting sequence, and high mutation mosaicism. Here, we apply in vitro assembled, fluorescent Cas9-sgRNA RNPs in solubilizing salt solution to achieve maximal mutagenesis efficiency in zebrafish embryos. MiSeq-based sequence analysis of targeted loci in individual embryos using CrispRVariants, a customized software tool for mutagenesis quantification and visualization, reveals efficient bi-allelic mutagenesis that reaches saturation at several tested gene loci. Such virtually complete mutagenesis exposes loss-of-function phenotypes for candidate genes in somatic mutant embryos for subsequent generation of stable germline mutants. We further show that targeting of non-coding elements in gene regulatory regions using saturating mutagenesis uncovers functional control elements in transgenic reporters and endogenous genes in injected embryos. Our results establish that optimally solubilized, in vitro assembled fluorescent Cas9-sgRNA RNPs provide a reproducible reagent for direct and scalable loss-of-function studies and applications beyond zebrafish experiments that require maximal DNA cutting efficiency in vivo.
Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms, and Structure (1977)

Localized Chemical bonding Delocalized Chemical Bonding Bonding Weaker than Covalent Stereochemistry Carbocations, Carbanions, Free Radicals, Carbenes and Nitrenes Mechanisms and Methods of Determining Them Photochemistry Acids and Bases Effects of Structure on Reactivity Aliphatic Nucleophilic Substitution Aromatic Electrophilic Substitution Aliphatic Electrophilic Substitution Free-Radical Substitution Addition to Carbon-Carbon Multiple Bonds Addition to Carbon- Hetero Multiple Bonds Eliminations Rearrangements Oxidations and Reductions The Literature of Organic Chemistry Classifications of Reactions by Type of Compound Synthesized.
Multiple source detection performance of linear sparse arrays (2016)

This paper considers detection performance of linear sparse arrays in the presence of multiple source Direction-Of-Arrivals (DOA). A number of source DOAs greater than the number of physical array elements are randomly generated, without restriction on the angular separation. Two augmentation algorithms are considered before application of traditional spatial spectrum estimation algorithms: MVDR and MUSIC. Detection and false alarm statistics are generated from the spatial spectrum. MUSIC requires the knowledge on the number of source, which can be estimated from existing source number estimation algorithms. The effect of source number estimation errors on the detection performance is evaluated. Monte Carlo simulations are performed to validate this detection scheme.
Human bone marrow transplantation (1990)

European Journal of Clinical InvestigationVolume 20, Issue 2Part1 p. 119-132 Human bone marrow transplantation R. STORB MD, Corresponding Author R. STORB MD The Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and the University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USAFred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Clinical Research Division, 1124 Columbia St., Seattle, WA 98104, USA.Search for more papers by this authorC. D. BUCKNER MD, Corresponding Author C. D. BUCKNER MD The Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and the University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USAFred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Clinical Research Division, 1124 Columbia St., Seattle, WA 98104, USA.Search for more papers by this author R. STORB MD, Corresponding Author R. STORB MD The Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and the University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USAFred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Clinical Research Division, 1124 Columbia St., Seattle, WA 98104, USA.Search for more papers by this authorC. D. BUCKNER MD, Corresponding Author C. D. BUCKNER MD The Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and the University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USAFred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Clinical Research Division, 1124 Columbia St., Seattle, WA 98104, USA.Search for more papers by this author First published: April 1990 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2362.1990.tb02258.xCitations: 10AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume20, Issue2Part1April 1990Pages 119-132 RelatedInformation
Urokinase recanalization of chronically occluded aortocoronary vein grafts (1996)

The problem of aortocoronary vein graft occlusion remains a major clinical challenge. The approach described above offers one method of preserving the life of some occluded vein grafts. Adherence to the protocol, particularly the inclusion and exclusion criteria, is the primary determinant of acute success and lower complications. The following summarizes the experience to date: (1) This procedure is safe and effective when applied to the patients outlined and when the protocol is strictly adhered to. (2) Acute recanalization is improved if TIMI grade 2 or 3 flow is achieved by lysis alone. (3) Acute recanalization is not influenced by (i) age of graft, (ii) duration of occlusion up to 6 months, (iii) size of distal native vessel, (iv) site of stenosis (intragraft versus anastomosis). (4) Six-month patency is greater when (i) TIMI grade 3 flow was achieved by lysis alone, (ii) the site of offending lesion is intragraft versus anastomosis. (5) Six-month patency may be influenced by (i) a size of distal native vessel greater than 2 mm, (ii) graft flow at initial operation greater than 200 ml/min. These studies were performed before the release of the coronary stent. As shown by Tierstein [32], long-term patency can be greatly enhanced by the use of stents. This procedure will presumably permit more patients to become candidates for this new technology and thereby improve the long-term patency and reduce the need for repeat operations.
Anti-Fab antibodies in humans. Predominance of minor immunoglobulin G subclasses in rheumatoid arthritis. (1985)

Isoelectric focusing analyses of sera from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) demonstrate two populations of antibodies directed against the Fab portion of pooled human IgG. One population is composed of polyclonal alkaline anti-Fab antibodies (alpha FABA) and the other, acidic alpha FABA which are more clonally restricted. In this study we have identified the immunoglobulin classes and subclasses of these antibodies in RA sera. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) demonstrated alpha FABA in RA sera to be predominantly IgG. A large portion of IgG alpha FABA existed as immune complexes, inasmuch as dialysis of RA sera against 6 M urea before ELISA analysis was necessary for maximal detection of alpha FABA activity. Chromatofocusing of RA sera isolated alpha FABA of different charges and revealed the acidic clonally restricted alpha FABA to be IgG4 and IgG3, whereas the polyclonal alkaline group contained IgG1, IgG2, and IgG3. Overall, acidic IgG3 and IgG4 comprised 70% of IgG alpha FABA, and high levels of IgG4 were seen in most RA sera. When alpha FABA were elevated in normal sera, they were primarily of the IgG4 subclass, and also existed as immune complexes. Serum anti-Fab activity was removed by adsorption of sera with Fab fragments. Anti-Fab antibodies of both kappa and lambda light-chain types were present in RA sera, and F(ab')2 fragments of RA serum immunoglobulin were found to possess anti-Fab activity. These studies indicate that alpha FABA in RA sera are limited to the IgG class, and that most of these antibodies exist as immune complexes and display clonal and minor IgG subclass restriction.
Differential Effects of 17β-Estradiol on Function and Expression of Estrogen Receptor α, Estrogen Receptor β, and GPR30 in Arteries and Veins of Patients With Atherosclerosis (2007)

Venous complications have been implicated in the adverse effects of hormone replacement therapy. This study investigated acute effects of the natural estrogen, 17beta-estradiol, on function, estrogen receptors/GPR30 expression, and kinase activation in vascular rings and cultured smooth muscle cells from arteries and veins of patients with coronary artery disease. Changes in vascular tone of internal mammary arteries and saphenous veins exposed to the steroid were recorded. 17Beta-estradiol caused concentration-dependent, endothelium-independent relaxation in arteries (P<0.05 versus solvent control) but not in veins (P not significant). 17Beta-estradiol enhanced contractions to endothelin-1 in veins but not in arteries. The novel membrane estrogen receptor GPR30 was detected in both vessels. Moreover, gene expression of estrogen receptor beta was 10-fold higher than that of estrogen receptor alpha or GPR30 (P<0.05). Expression of all 3 of the receptors was reduced after exposure to 17beta-estradiol in arteries but not in veins (P<0.05). Basal phosphorylation levels of extracellular signal-regulated kinase were higher in venous than in arterial smooth muscle cells and were increased by 17beta-estradiol in arterial cells only. In summary, this is the first study to report that, in human arteries but not in veins, 17beta-estradiol acutely affects vascular tone, estrogen receptor expression, including GPR30, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation. These data indicate that effects of natural estrogens in humans differ between arterial and venous vascular beds, which may contribute to the vascular risks associated with menopause or hormone therapy.
Development of a specific affinity-matured exosite inhibitor to MT1-MMP that efficiently inhibits tumor cell invasion <i>in vitro</i> and metastasis <i>in vivo</i> (2016)

The membrane-associated matrix metalloproteinase-14, MT1-MMP, has been implicated in pericellular proteolysis with an important role in cellular invasion of collagenous tissues. It is substantially upregulated in various cancers and rheumatoid arthritis, and has been considered as a potential therapeutic target. Here, we report the identification of antibody fragments to MT1-MMP that potently and specifically inhibit its cell surface functions. Lead antibody clones displayed inhibitory activity towards pro-MMP-2 activation, collagen-film degradation and gelatin-film degradation, and were shown to bind to the MT1-MMP catalytic domain outside the active site cleft, inhibiting binding to triple helical collagen. Affinity maturation using CDR3 randomization created a second generation of antibody fragments with dissociation constants down to 0.11 nM, corresponding to an improved affinity of 332-fold with the ability to interfere with cell-surface MT1-MMP functions, displaying IC50 values down to 5 nM. Importantly, the new inhibitors were able to inhibit collagen invasion by tumor-cells in vitro and in vivo primary tumor growth and metastasis of MDA-MB-231 cells in a mouse orthotopic xenograft model. Herein is the first demonstration that an inhibitory antibody targeting sites outside the catalytic cleft of MT1-MMP can effectively abrogate its in vivo activity during tumorigenesis and metastasis.
HLA‐G up‐regulates ILT2, ILT3, ILT4, and KIR2DL4 in antigen presenting cells, NK cells, and T cells (2005)

The nonclassical HLA class I antigen HLA-G is an inhibitory molecule involved in immune tolerance and immune escape. HLA-G exerts its inhibitory functions via interaction with inhibitory receptors ILT2, ILT4, and KIR2DL4, differentially expressed by NK, T, and antigen-presenting cells. Cells expressing HLA-G and cells expressing its receptors are often found in the vicinity of each other, but the mechanisms responsible for this colocalization are still unknown. We report that ILT2, ILT3, ILT4, and KIR2DL4 expression is up-regulated by HLA-G in antigen-presenting cells, NK cells, and T cells. Because this up-regulation seems not to require antigenic costimulation, it might precede an immune response. Functionally, up-regulation of inhibitory receptors in immune cells before stimulation might increase their activation thresholds and participate in immune escape mechanisms.
Comparative studies of the serum half-life extension of a protein <i>via</i> site-specific conjugation to a species-matched or -mismatched albumin (2018)

Human serum albumin (HSA) has been investigated as a serum half-life extender of therapeutic proteins thanks to its unusually long serum half-life. However, in mice, the serum half-life of a HSA-conjugated protein was much shorter than that of HSA in humans, likely due to the species-dependent nature of albumin-FcRn interactions. Herein, we investigated species-dependent albumin-FcRn interactions using species-matched albumin (mouse serum albumin) and species-mismatched albumin (HSA) in non-transgenic mice. We site-specifically introduced a clickable non-natural amino acid to a target protein followed by conjugation to an albumin species via a hetero-bifunctional linker. Using in vitro binding assays, we showed that both HSA- and MSA-conjugated proteins bound mouse FcRns. Conjugation of HSA led to very limited extension of the serum half-life of sfGFP in mice (16.3 h), compared to that of HSA in transgenic mice harboring an allele of mouse FcRn knock-out and expressing humn FcRn (67 h) reported previously. These results suggest that the FcRn-mediated recycling of HSA is not effective in mice. However, conjugation of mouse serum albumin (MSA) resulted in a serum half-life of sfGFP (27.7 h) comparable to that of MSA in mice (28.8 h). Altogether, our study supported that albumin-FcRn interactions are species dependent in vivo.
Single Acquisition Quantitative Single‐Point Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Imaging (2013)

By utilizing gridding and k-space extrapolation, accurate T2 (*)/pO2 quantification can be achieved within a single data set to allow enhanced temporal resolution (by a factor of 3).