gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modification of polymer properties through ion incorporation (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTModification of polymer properties through ion incorporationC. Geraldine Bazuin and Adi EisenbergCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1981, 20, 2, 271–286Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i300002a010https://doi.org/10.1021/i300002a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views395Altmetric-Citations133LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
China, Britain and Hong 1895–1945. By Chan Lau Kit-Ching. pp. xxiv, 479. 30 illus. Hong Kong, The Chinese University Press, 1990. US $30.00. (1992)

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Endothelial progenitor cells give rise to pro-angiogenic smooth muscle-like progeny (2010)

Our study is the first to demonstrate that ECFCs can give rise to smooth muscle-like progeny, with potential therapeutic benefits. These findings further illustrate that ECFCs are highly plastic, which by itself has implications for therapeutical use.
A bidirectional NMOSFET current reduction model for simulation of hot-carrier-induced circuit degradation (1993)

An approach for modeling hot-electron induced change in drain current that significantly improves the ease of parameter extraction and provides new capabilities for modeling the effect of bidirectional stressing and the asymmetrical I-V characteristics after stressing is presented. The change in the drain current, Delta I/sub D/ is implemented as an asymmetrical voltage-controlled current source and the new Delta I/sub D/ model is independent of the MOSFET model used for circuit simulation. The physical basis of the model, the analytical model equations, the implementation scheme in BERT (BErkeley Reliability Tools) simulator and simulation results for uni- and bidirectional circuit stressing are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The adsorption of lead and other heavy metals on oxides of manganese and iron (1980)

Measurements were made of the adsorption of cobalt, copper, manganese, nickel, lead, and zinc on nine synthetic manganese oxides and three synthetic iron oxides, to determine the mechanism by which lead accumulates in the manganese oxides in soils. Adsorption of lead by the manganese oxides was up to 40 times greater than that by the iron oxides, and lead was adsorbed more strongly than any of the other ions studied by all of the oxides except goethite. This is considered to be the reason for the accumulation of lead in the manganese oxides in soils. No evidence was found for the oxidation of lead, nor for the formation of specific lead-manganese minerals.
Asymmetric induction. Enantioselective alkylation of cyclohexanone (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAsymmetric induction. Enantioselective alkylation of cyclohexanoneJames K. Whitesell and Marilyn A. WhitesellCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1977, 42, 2, 377–378Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00422a056https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00422a056research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views399Altmetric-Citations65LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Generalized High Voltage Gain Boost Converter Based on Three-State Switching Cell (2006)

A new non-isolated step-up converter with high voltage gain is proposed on this work. It is suitable for applications with a high voltage gain between the input and the output. In this converter, the output to input voltage ratio, for a given duty cycle, can be raised adding transformer turns ratio. Another important feature of this converter is the lower blocking voltage across the controlled switches compared to similar circuits, which allows the utilization of switches with low on-resistance RDS(on) MOSFETs. In order to verify the feasibility of this topology; principle of operation, theoretical analysis, and experimental waveforms are shown for a 1 kW laboratory prototype
Phytoconstituents isolated from Diospyros oocarpa Thwatist (2013)

The chemical examination of the roots of D. oocarpa afforded ten coumpounds on column chromatography and repeated crystallizations, Lupeol, 5-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-2-naphthaldehyde, 4-Hydroxy-5-methoxy-2- naphthaldehyde, 4-Hydroxy-3, 5-dimethoxy-2-naphthaldehyde, β-sitosterol, Plumbagin, Betulinaldehyde, Diospyrin, 8’hydroxyisodiospyrin, Umbelliferone. Isolation of umbelliferone belongs to coumarin is the first time record from this species and also from Diospyros genus. Occurrence of napthoquinones is very common in Diospyros species. The author could isolate these quinines from this species also and thus justified the species. Distribution of napthaldehydes in nature is very rare and this report of occurrence is new to the literature
New and emerging treatments in dermatology: acne (2008)

Topical retinoids, benzoyl peroxide, azelaic acid, and topical and oral antibiotics remain the milestone of treatment for mild to moderate acne vulgaris. Oral isotretinoin is useful for the treatment of severe nodular acne, treatment-resistant acne, and acne with a risk of physical or psychological scarring. Hormonal treatment in female acne is useful in resistant or late-onset acne. With increasing concerns regarding teratogenicity of isotretinoin and increasing antibiotic resistance, there is a clear need for therapeutic alternatives to these long-used treatments. Research in the pathogenesis of acne has allowed for new therapies and future perspectives regarding acne to evolve. They include low-dose long-term isotretinoin regimens, insulin-sensitizing agents, 5alpha-reductase type 1 inhibitors, topical photodynamic therapy, new combination formulations, dietary interventions, and antiinflammatory agents such as lipoxygenase inhibitors.
Implementation of a robust RELP speech coder (2005)

This paper presents a RELP coder based on base-band transmission and high-frequency regeneration in the frequency domain in two versions: 4.8 kb/s and 9.6 kb/s. The principle of both versions is illustrated in the detailed block diagram in Fig.1. Some details of a fixed-point implementation will be described. The 4.8 kb/s version has been implemented on a real-time processor. Since the algorithm does not distinguish between voiced and unvoiced speech, the number of calculations per frame is nearly constant. Thus a 4% time reserve is sufficient to insure real-time operation for the 4.8 kb/s version. The robustness of the RELP coder in the presence of background noise is explained. Except for narrow-band high-frequency background noise, the RELP coder transmits this noise as well as speech without any significant distortion. The influence of transmission errors is described. Simulations with a mobile radio channel model showed that the quality of the speech transmitted 'digitally' by RELP and a digital modem is definitely superior to that transmitted by simulated analog FM.
Normally Functioning <i>murF</i> Is Essential for the Optimal Expression of Methicillin Resistance in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (2003)

A carboxy-terminal fragment of murF was used to construct and insert a suicide plasmid into the chromosomal copy of the gene in the highly and homogeneously methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain COL by Campbell type integration. The plasmid insertion generated a mutant in which the MIC value for oxacillin was reduced from 400 microg/ml of the parental strain to 0.75 microg/ml in 90% of the cells of the mutant cultures that were heterogeneous: they contained subpopulations of bacteria with a frequency of 10(-3) that were capable of expressing resistance at nearly the parental level. The impact of the murF mutation on antibiotic resistance was selective for beta-lactam antibiotics: there was no change in the susceptibility of the mutant to D-cycloserine, fosfomycin, beta-D-chloro-alanine, moenomycin, bacitracin, or vancomycin. Analysis of the mutant peptidoglycan showed decrease in the percentage of oligomeric components in rough proportion to the accumulation of several abnormal muropeptide components, which were identified as structural variants of the disaccharide tripeptide monomer. An abnormal cell wall precursor identified as UDP MurNac tripeptide was also detected in the cytoplasmic pool of the mutant strain. A normal proportion of oligomers and a greatly reduced representation of the disaccharide tripeptide were demonstrated in the cell wall of the murF mutant's subpopulation that has retained the parental level of resistance. Northern analysis demonstrated a drastic reduction in the transcription rate of mecA in mutant F9 whereas mecA transcription increased in the subpopulation of bacteria that retained high-level resistance.
Increased Eumelanin Expression and Tanning is Induced by a Superpotent Melanotropin [Nle4-d-Phe7]-α-MSH in Humans¶ (2000)

Seven normal volunteers (six males and one female) with tanning skin types III or IV (Fitzpatrick scale) were given 10 daily subcutaneous injections of a superpotent synthetic analog of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) over two weeks. This agent, [Nle4-D-Phe7]alpha-MSH, also called Melanotan-I (MT-I), was administered at a dose of 0.16 mg/kg/day (Monday-Friday), over a two week period. Tanning was measured serially using computerized light reflectance. This regimen induced tanning at 3 of 8 anatomic sites including the face, neck and forearm by comparison of baseline to (1) the end of the daily dosing period, (day 14), and (2) one week later, (day 21). Shave biopsies of the forearm taken at baseline and day 21 were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography for eumelanin content which was measured as the permanganate oxidation product, pyrrole-2,3,5-tricarboxylic acid or PTCA. Pheomelanin content was measured as the hydroiodic acid digestion product, aminohydroxyphenylalanine (AHP). Eumelanin was also measured in the forehead skin samples of three subjects. The HPLC results show that mean (+/- SD) baseline eumelanin (PTCA) levels in forehead skin (n = 3) averaged 1.38 (+/- 0.87) ng/mg of wet skin tissue weight. Higher mean baseline levels of PTCA were detected in forearm skin (2.06 +/- 0.28 ng/mg wet weight, n = 7). One week after MT-I treatments ended, there was a mean (SD) 49% (+/- 17.6%) increase in forehead skin PTCA levels compared to baseline (P = 0.019, n = 3, by paired sample T-test). The mean (SD) increase in forearm skin PTCA levels was 98% (+/- 25.4%) over the same period (P = 0.003). In contrast, forearm pheomelanin expression following MT-I treatment did not significantly change from baseline. Overall, the MT-I regimen increased the eumelanin: pheomelanin ratio in forearm skin from 51:1 at baseline to 86:1 following MT-I (P = 0.054 by paired sample T-test). These results show that the tanning induced by MT-I in the face and forearm is associated with a significant increase in the eumelanin content of the human skin.
Structural Features of Glycosyltransferases Synthesizing Major Bilayer and Nonbilayer-prone Membrane Lipids inAcholeplasma laidlawii and Streptococcus pneumoniae (2003)

In membranes of Acholeplasma laidlawii two consecutively acting glucosyltransferases, the (i) alpha-monoglucosyldiacylglycerol (MGlcDAG) synthase (alMGS) (EC ) and the (ii) alpha-diglucosyl-DAG (DGlcDAG) synthase (alDGS) (EC ), are involved in maintaining (i) a certain anionic lipid surface charge density and (ii) constant nonbilayer/bilayer conditions (curvature packing stress), respectively. Cloning of the alDGS gene revealed related uncharacterized sequence analogs especially in several Gram-positive pathogens, thermophiles and archaea, where the encoded enzyme function of a potential Streptococcus pneumoniae DGS gene (cpoA) was verified. A strong stimulation of alDGS by phosphatidylglycerol (PG), cardiolipin, or nonbilayer-prone 1,3-DAG was observed, while only PG stimulated CpoA. Several secondary structure prediction and fold recognition methods were used together with SWISS-MODEL to build three-dimensional model structures for three MGS and two DGS lipid glycosyltransferases. Two Escherichia coli proteins with known structures were identified as the best templates, the membrane surface-associated two-domain glycosyltransferase MurG and the soluble GlcNAc epimerase. Differences in electrostatic surface potential between the different models and their individual domains suggest that electrostatic interactions play a role for the association to membranes. Further support for this was obtained when hybrids of the N- and C-domain, and full size alMGS with green fluorescent protein were localized to different regions of the E. coli inner membrane and cytoplasm in vivo. In conclusion, it is proposed that the varying abilities to bind, and sense lipid charge and curvature stress, are governed by typical differences in charge (pI values), amphiphilicity, and hydrophobicity for the N- and (catalytic) C-domains of these structurally similar membrane-associated enzymes.
Rates of Spontaneous Cleavage of Glucose, Fructose, Sucrose, and Trehalose in Water, and the Catalytic Proficiencies of Invertase and Trehalas (2008)

Most of the early experimental work on enzyme kinetics was based on the properties of yeast invertase (beta-fructo-furanosidase, EC 3.2.1.26), whose robust activity(1) (together with the availability of a continuous polarimetric assay) enabled Michaelis and Menten to establish the existence of a quantitative relationship between the rate of an enzyme reaction and the concentration of its substrate.(2) To appreciate the proficiency of an enzyme as a catalyst, it is also desirable to have information about the relative rates of the catalyzed and uncatalyzed reactions.(3) Surprisingly, the literature discloses no report of the rate of spontaneous hydrolysis of sucrose (although there have been many studies of the acid-catalyzed reaction).(4) That information would be of special interest in view of the remarkable resistance to hydrolysis (t1/2 approximately 10(7) y),(5) of the 1-4 "head-to-tail" glycosidic linkages that join the common glucose polymers cellulose, chitin, amylose, and glycogen. Thus, polysaccharide hydrolases (e.g., beta-amylase) generate the largest rate enhancements that are known to be produced by hydrolytic enzymes that operate without the assistance of metals or other cofactors.(6) Here, we describe the uncatalyzed hydrolysis of sucrose and trehalose, in which the constituent monosaccharides are symmetrically joined, by a "head-to-head" glycosidic linkage between their carbonyl groups (Chart ).
Chemical Synthesis and Biochemical Properties of Peptide Fragments of Apolipoprotein-Alanine (1973)

Apolipoprotein-alanine is an apolipoprotein isolated from very-low-density lipoproteins of human plasma. This protein contains 79 amino acids and binds phosphatidyl choline. Four fragments of this molecule corresponding to sequence positions 41-79 (I), 48-79 (II), 55-79 (III), and 61-79 (IV) have been synthesized by standard solid-phase methods. The resulting peptides were cleaved from the resin and deblocked with liquid HF, then purified by chromatography on Sephadex G-50 and DEAE-cellulose. Each purified peptide eluted as a single, symmetrical peak, exhibited a single band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and gave an amino-acid analysis in good agreement with the theoretical value. Circular dichroism studies indicated that only fragments I and II became more helical in the presence of phosphatidyl choline and significantly inhibited the reactivation of delipidated beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.30), an enzyme that requires phosphatidyl choline for activity. When subjected to ultracentrifugation at density 1.064 g/ml in the presence of phosphatidyl choline, fragments I, II, III, and IV floated to the top of the tube to the extent of 85, 50, 13, and 9%, respectively. These results indicate that residues 55-79 do not contain the minimum determinants required for the binding of phospholipid. However, extension of the peptide's N-terminus by seven residues produces a molecule that does bind phosphatidyl choline.
Clinical Evaluation of Anti-Obesity Drugs (2004)

Obesity is a major health problem and as a result, it is reasonable to consider pharmacological approaches alongside approaches involving diet, physical activity and lifestyle change. The currently available drugs, sibutramine and orlistat, result in modest, clinically worthwhile weight loss, with demonstrable improvements in co-morbidity, but do not meet the often unrealistic expectations of patients or health care professionals managing obese patients. There is insufficient data on efficacy or safety of other agents to support their use. Many new pharmacological approaches are under investigation. These include gut hormones, such a peptide YY (3-36) and cholecystokinin that normally signal satiety, and centrally-acting agents such as serotonin agonists, the anticonvulsants topiramate and zonisamide, cannabinoid receptor antagonists and drugs that act on other peptide neurotransmitter systems such as NPY and the melanocortins. Given the multiple pathways that influence energy balance, it is likely that therapies targeting more than one control system may be required in the future to meet the expectations and needs of patients needing to lose weight for medical reasons.
Role of a low-pH environment in adenovirus enhancement of the toxicity of a Pseudomonas exotoxin-epidermal growth factor conjugate (1984)

A conjugate of Pseudomonas exotoxin and epidermal growth factor (PE-EGF) inhibits proteins synthesis in KB cells, and this inhibition is increased by adenovirus. Protein synthesis inhibition is dependent on the amount of adenovirus and PE-EGF used and the time of incubation of cells with these agents. With 1 microgram of adenovirus and 0.5 micrograms of PE-EGF per ml, protein synthesis is inhibited about 80% in a 60-min experiment. Under these conditions neither adenovirus nor PE-EGF alone has any effect. In the presence of several weak bases or monensin, the enhancement of toxicity was substantially inhibited; half-maximal inhibition was achieved with 40 microM chloroquine, 10 mM ammonium chloride, 5 mM methylamine, 0.1 mM N-hexylamine and 1 microM monensin. At the concentrations employed, none of the inhibitors affected the amount of virus taken up or bound to the cell surface, and chloroquine had no effect on the amount of EGF taken up in 60 min. Chloroquine did not prevent the toxicity of the PE-EGF (5 micrograms/ml) alone. Because these compounds are known to elevate the pH in receptosomes, it seems likely that the acidification of the receptosome either enhances the lysis of the membrane by adenovirus or enhances some other step in the release of PE-EGF.
T cell response to Epstein-Barr virus transactivators in chronic rheumatoid arthritis. (1996)

Rheumatoid arthritis is a multistep disorder associated with autoimmune features of yet unknown etiology. Implication of viruses such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis has been suspected on the basis of several indirect observations, but thus far, a direct link between EBV and rheumatoid arthritis has not been provided. Here we show that a large fraction of T cells infiltrating affected joints from a patient with chronic rheumatoid arthritis recognizes two EBV transactivators (BZLF1 and BMLF1) in a major histocompatibility complex-restricted fashion. Responses to these EBV antigens by synovial lymphocytes from several other chronic rheumatoid arthritis patients were readily detectable. Thus these results suggest a direct contribution of EBV to chronic rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis. They also demonstrate for the first time the occurrence of T cell responses against EBV transactivating factors, which might be central in the control of virus reactivation.
Adaptive In-Loop Prediction Refinement for Video Coding (2007)

Modern video compression codecs achieve high compression efficiency by exploiting the temporal and spatial redundancies present in video sequences. Although state of the nit block based intra and inter prediction have been refined to better adapt to the content in the scene, they still exhibit limitations in fully extracting information from the decoded data. We propose the addition of an in-loop prediction refinement stage that is initialized with the conventional intra or inter predicted result and is capable of further reducing the spatial redundancies present in the sequence. By extracting additional information from the decoded neighborhood, the refinement stage is able to bring the prediction closer to the original data, thus improving compression efficiency. In this work, we study one possible method of refinement for the particular case of intra prediction. This uses sparse decomposition of blocks that overlap decoded neighboring blocks and the current predicted block in order to make prediction more coherent with already encoded data.
IN-CAR COMPUTING AND COMMUNICATION ENABLES ENTERTAINMENT, PRODUCTIVITY AND INFORMATION (1997)

This paper discusses the architectural requirements of mobile computing systems and how they can be met by using the Intel Architecture. It looks at operating, navigation, and multimedia systems, and describes a PC platform for vehicles.
Differential Privacy (2014)

Differential privacy provides a way to get useful information about sensitive data without revealing much about any one individual. It enjoys many nice compositionality properties not shared by other approaches to privacy, including, in particular, robustness against side-knowledge.