gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Excipients and additives: hidden hazards in drug products and in product substitution. (1984)

The excipients and additives in drug formulations have been described as inert because they do not have an active role in the prevention or treatment of particular ailments. This has led to the misconception among physicians, pharmacists, drug manufacturers and the public that excipients are harmless and unworthy of mention. In fact, pharmacists are allowed to substitute drug formulations, without regard to the excipients, as long as they ensure that the active ingredients in the substitute are the same as those in the formulation prescribed. The inappropriateness of the term inert is becoming increasingly apparent as evidence of adverse reactions--some fatal--to excipients mounts. The likelihood that some "active" constituents, particularly erythromycin, have been blamed for such reactions deserves to be investigated. The public deserves to be better protected. For example, the United States has legislation requiring complete labelling of all food, drugs and cosmetics that incorporate more than one ingredient, no matter how innocuous the constituents are believed to be. In Canada, drug manufacturers are not even required to share this information with physicians or pharmacists when they introduce a new drug or reformulate a product already being marketed, nor are pharmacists required to disclose the contents of formulations that they prepare in the absence of commercially available products.
Prostatic Desiccation: A Preliminary Report of Laboratory and Clinical Experience (1972)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Oct 1972Prostatic Desiccation: A Preliminary Report of Laboratory and Clinical Experience Winston K. Mebust, and Charles Damico Winston K. MebustWinston K. Mebust More articles by this author , and Charles DamicoCharles Damico More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)60813-9AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 1972 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByPATEL A, QUINT R and FUCHS G (2018) APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY TO THE PROSTATE: AN EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVEJournal of Urology, VOL. 159, NO. 6, (1802-1809), Online publication date: 1-Jun-1998.Kaplan S and Te A (2018) A Comparative Study of Transurethral Resection of the Prostate Using a Modified Electro-Vaporizing Loop and Transurethral Laser Vaporization of the ProstateJournal of Urology, VOL. 154, NO. 5, (1785-1790), Online publication date: 1-Nov-1995.Nissenkorn I and Meshorer A (2018) Temperature Measurements and Histology of the Canine Prostate During Transurethral HyperthermiaJournal of Urology, VOL. 149, NO. 6, (1613-1616), Online publication date: 1-Jun-1993.Astrahan M, Ameye F, Oyen R, Willemen P, Baert L and Petrovich Z (2018) Interstitial Temperature Measurements During Transurethral Microwave HyperthermiaJournal of Urology, VOL. 145, NO. 2, (304-308), Online publication date: 1-Feb-1991.Mebust W (2018) Editorial CommentsJournal of Urology, VOL. 143, NO. 5, (950-951), Online publication date: 1-May-1990.Byrne J (2018) Editorial CommentsJournal of Urology, VOL. 143, NO. 5, (950-950), Online publication date: 1-May-1990. Volume 108Issue 4October 1972Page: 601-603 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1972 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Winston K. Mebust More articles by this author Charles Damico More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
Clustering of the self-organizing map (2000)

The self-organizing map (SOM) is an excellent tool in exploratory phase of data mining. It projects input space on prototypes of a low-dimensional regular grid that can be effectively utilized to visualize and explore properties of the data. When the number of SOM units is large, to facilitate quantitative analysis of the map and the data, similar units need to be grouped, i.e., clustered. In this paper, different approaches to clustering of the SOM are considered. In particular, the use of hierarchical agglomerative clustering and partitive clustering using k-means are investigated. The two-stage procedure--first using SOM to produce the prototypes that are then clustered in the second stage--is found to perform well when compared with direct clustering of the data and to reduce the computation time.
Accurate condensed history Monte Carlo simulation of electron transport. I. <scp>EGS</scp>nrc, the new <scp>EGS4</scp> version (2000)

In this report a new EGS4 version, called EGSnrc to reflect the substantial changes made to the original code is reported, which incorporates a new any-angle multiple elastic scattering theory, an improved electron-step algorithm, a correct implementation of the fictitious cross section method for sampling distances between discrete interactions, a more accurate evaluation of energy loss, as well as an exact boundary crossing algorithm. It is demonstrated that EGSnrc allows for an artifact free Monte Carlo simulation of ion chamber response and backscattering, situations that have been considered in the past as the two of the most stringent tests of condensed history Monte Carlo codes. A detailed discussion of the effect of the various components of the condensed history simulation of electron transport on the simulated ion chamber response is given in the accompanying paper.
A digital modulation method for terrestrial digital TV broadcasting using trellis coded OFDM and its performance (2003)

OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) is regarded as an excellent digital modulation method for various future digital broadcasting systems, including digital audio broadcasting (DAB). The scope of applications of the OFDM can be further expanded by combining it with TCM (trellis coded modulation). This TCM-OFDM system can transmit a much larger number of data than conventional OFDM, causing almost no degradation of bit error rate performance within the same frequency bandwidth. The concept of the TCM-OFDM system for terrestrial digital TV broadcasting and a system configuration that needs no carrier recovery at the receiver and gives simulation results of the bit error rate performances under various receiving conditions are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Decathlon, towards a balanced and sustainable performance assessment method (2006)

Current IAAF decathlon scoring tables display unacceptable bias as they favour some events over others. Performances in the sprints benefit disproportionately to those in the throwing events and the 1500m. Moreover, the system is intrinsically unstable and tends to increase the differences between disciplines over the course of time. This paper investigates alternative scoring methods. It elaborates a wellgrounded procedure to express the performance scales of the events in a normalised form in order to allow comparisons. Three alternative scoring models are developed as candidates for replacing the existing model. These are based on 1) a power law description, 2) a parabolic description and 3) an exponential description, respectively.The proposed methods are uniform over the events and support selfstabilisation. They combine practical evidence and sound principles. Calibration to the current model is performed with existing data in order to enable a smooth transition from current practice.
Defective T helper cell epitope responsible for the failure of region 69–84 of the human myelin basic protein to induce experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in the lewis rat (1989)

Studies from our laboratory have shown that region 69-84 (synthetic peptide S49S) of myelin basic protein (MBP) defines an encephalitogenic sequence for experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in Lewis rats. The most potent EAE inducers are the guinea pig MBP (Gp-MBP) and region 69-84, known as synthetic peptide Gp-S49S: (See text: formula). Human (H-MBP) was considerably less potent than Gp-MBP, and region 69-84 (H-S49S) of H-MBP did not induce hind leg paralysis or any histological signs of EAE. Since the development of EAE requires the expression of specific T and B cell epitopes, sequence analysis of H-S49S and Gp-S49S revealed phylogenetic variations in the H-S49S sequence, characterized by positions 77 and 78, and substitution of Ser with Thr at position 80: (See text: formula). Like Gp-S49S, peptide H-S49S induced the formation of antibodies with specificities directed against the C-terminal of the H-S49S, Gp-S49S, and homologous sequences. In contrast to Gp-S49S, neither II-S49S nor shorter peptides induced clonal T cell expansion when either of the peptides was added to encephalitogenic T cell clone D in culture. Clone D, which expresses T helper phenotype, was selected from encephalitogenic peptide-primed Lewis rats. The results of the study show that the failure of H-S49S to induce EAE is related to sequence alterations in the T helper cell epitope but not in the B cell epitope located in the N- and C-terminal portions of the S49S sequence, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Initiation of Embryonic Cardiac Pacemaker Activity by Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate–dependent Calcium Signaling (2005)

In the adult, the heart rate is driven by spontaneous and repetitive depolarizations of pacemaker cells to generate a firing of action potentials propagating along the conduction system and spreading into the ventricles. In the early embryo before E9.5, the pacemaker ionic channel responsible for the spontaneous depolarization of cells is not yet functional. Thus the mechanisms that initiate early heart rhythm during cardiogenesis are puzzling. In the absence of a functional pacemaker ionic channel, the oscillatory nature of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3)-induced intracellular Ca2+ signaling could provide an alternative pacemaking mechanism. To test this hypothesis, we have engineered pacemaker cells from embryonic stem (ES) cells, a model that faithfully recapitulates early stages of heart development. We show that InsP3-dependent shuttle of free Ca2+ in and out of the endoplasmic reticulum is essential for a proper generation of pacemaker activity during early cardiogenesis and fetal life.
Hemolytic activity of the Pasteurella haemolytica leukotoxin (1995)

A Pasteurella haemolytica mutant incapable of producing leukotoxin was created by allelic replacement. Concentrated culture supernatants from wild-type P. haemolytica, but not from the mutant, contained the 102-kDa leukotoxin protein and lysed bovine lymphoma cells and sheep erythrocytes. Wild-type P. haemolytica demonstrated the typical beta-hemolytic phenotype on sheep and rabbit blood agar, whereas the mutant did not.
Chk1 is an essential kinase that is regulated by Atr and required for the G<sub>2</sub>/M DNA damage checkpoint (2000)

Chk1, an evolutionarily conserved protein kinase, has been implicated in cell cycle checkpoint control in lower eukaryotes. By gene disruption, we show that CHK1 deficiency results in a severe proliferation defect and death in embryonic stem (ES) cells, and peri-implantation embryonic lethality in mice. Through analysis of a conditional CHK1-deficient cell line, we demonstrate that ES cells lacking Chk1 have a defective G(2)/M DNA damage checkpoint in response to gamma-irradiation (IR). CHK1 heterozygosity modestly enhances the tumorigenesis phenotype of WNT-1 transgenic mice. We show that in human cells, Chk1 is phosphorylated on serine 345 (S345) in response to UV, IR, and hydroxyurea (HU). Overexpression of wild-type Atr enhances, whereas overexpression of the kinase-defective mutant Atr inhibits S345 phosphorylation of Chk1 induced by UV treatment. Taken together, these data indicate that Chk1 plays an essential role in the mammalian DNA damage checkpoint, embryonic development, and tumor suppression, and that Atr regulates Chk1.
Effect of Serotonin, Thromboxane A<sub>2</sub>, and Specific Receptor Antagonists on Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation (1997)

At sites of vascular injury, platelet-induced SMC proliferation may also be modulated by nonpeptide growth mediators. A combination of a 5-HT2 receptor antagonist and TXA2 synthase inhibitor/receptor may be useful for attenuation of restenosis after angioplasty.
Placement and Routing in 3D Integrated Circuits (2005)

Three-dimension technologies offer great promise in providing improvements in the overall circuit performance. Physical design plays a major role in the ability to exploit the flexibilities offered in the third dimension, and this article gives an overview of placement and routing methods for FPGA- and ASIC-style designs. We describe CAD techniques for placement and routing in 3D ICs, developed under our 3D analysis and design optimization framework. These approaches address a dichotomy of design styles, both FPGA and ASIC. The factors that are important in each style are different, so that a one-size-fits-all approach is impractical, and therefore, we present separate approaches for 3D physical design for each of these technologies. Hence, our FPGA placement method uses a two-step optimization process that minimizes inter-tier vias first, followed by further optimization within and across tiers. In contrast, the ASIC flow uses cost function weighting to discourage, but not minimize, inter-tier crossings.
Molecular cloning of a high-affinity receptor for the growth factor-like lipid mediator lysophosphatidic acid from  <i>Xenopus</i>  oocytes (1996)

Lysophosphatidic acid (1-acyl-2-lyso-snglycero-3-phosphate, LPA) is a multifunctional lipid mediator found in a variety of organisms that span the phylogenetic tree from humans to plants. Although its physiological function is not clearly understood, LPA is a potent regulator of mammalian cell proliferation; it is one of the major mitogens found in blood serum. In Xenopus laevis oocytes, LPA elicits oscillatory Cl- currents. This current, like other effects of LPA, is consistent with a plasma membrane receptor-mediated activation of G protein-linked signal transduction pathways. Herein we report the identification of a complementary DNA from Xenopus that encodes a functional high-affinity LPA receptor. The predicted structure of this protein of 372 amino acids contains features common to members of the seven transmembrane receptor superfamily with a predicted extracellular amino and intracellular carboxyl terminus. An antisense oligonucleotide derived from the first 5-11 predicted amino acids, selectively inhibited the expression of the endogenous high-affinity LPA receptors in Xenopus oocytes, whereas the same oligonucleotide did not affect the low-affinity LPA receptor. Expression of the full-length cRNA in oocytes led to an increase in maximal Cl- current due to increased expression of the high-affinity LPA receptor, but activation of the low-affinity receptor was, again, unaffected. Oocytes expressing cRNA prepared from this clone showed no response to other lipid mediators including prostaglandins, leukotrienes, sphingosine 1-phosphate, sphingosylphosphorylcholine, and platelet-activating factor, suggesting that the receptor is highly selective for LPA.
A 250-MHz BiCMOS receiver channel with leading edge timing discriminator for a pulsed time-of-flight laser rangefinder (2005)

An integrated receiver channel of a pulsed time-of-flight (TOF) laser rangefinder for fast industrial measurement applications with the measurement accuracy of a few centimeters in the measurement range from /spl sim/1 m to /spl sim/30 m to noncooperative targets was developed. The receiver channel consists of a fully differential transimpedance amplifier channel, a peak detector, an rms meter and a timing discriminator. In this particular application there is no time to measure the received signal strength beforehand and it is not predictable from previous measurements, so a leading edge timing discriminator with a constant threshold voltage was used. The amplitude of the received pulse is measured with a peak detector and the amplitude information is used to compensate for the resulting walk error. The measured bandwidth of the receiver channel is 250 MHz, the maximum transimpedance 40k/spl Omega/ and the input-referred noise /spl sim/7pA//spl radic/Hz (C/sub photodiode/=2 pF). The timing detection accuracy of the receiver is better than /spl plusmn/35 mm in a single-shot measurement in a dynamic range of 1:4000 and a temperature range of 0/spl deg/C to +50/spl deg/C.
IL-1 <i>alpha</i> or tumor necrosis factor-<i>alpha</i> stimulate release of three NAP-1/IL-8-related neutrophil chemotactic proteins in human dermal fibroblasts. (1990)

Human dermal fibroblasts in culture secrete three protein-like neutrophil chemotactic factors, when stimulated either with human rIL-1 alpha or IL-1 beta; not, however, after incubation with LPS. These three fibroblast-derived neutrophil-activating proteins (FINAP) could be purified by subsequently performed reversed phase and size exclusion HPLC. By high resolution SDS-PAGE, all the proteins were shown to migrate with an Mr of 6,700 (alpha-FINAP), 3,600 (beta-FINAP), and 5,300 (gamma-FINAP). All purified cytokine preparations were found to be chemotactic for human neutrophils. In addition, all FINAP induced release of lysosomal enzymes in neutrophils. Deactivation of chemotaxin-elicitable enzyme release showed cross-desensitization of all FINAP with NAP-1/IL-8. Western blot analysis of alpha-FINAP by using mAb against neutrophil-activating protein (NAP)-1/IL-8 reveals immunologic cross-reactivity with NAP-1/IL-8. By amino-terminal amino acid sequence analysis alpha-FINAP could be identified as the 77-residue extended form of NAP-1/IL-8 containing the 79-residue form as a minor contaminant. Whereas beta-FINAP has been found to be a truncation product of alpha-FINAP, gamma-FINAP shows identity with authentic melanoma growth stimulatory activity with respect to retention time upon reversed phase HPLC, high resolution SDS-PAGE, and biologic properties, as well as amino-terminal amino acid sequence. These data show that human dermal fibroblasts may actively participate in inflammatory reactions by secretion of proinflammatory cytokines.
Passage from Normal Mucosa to Adenoma and Colon Cancer: Alteration of Normal sCD30 Mechanisms Regulating TH1/TH2 Cell Functions (2003)

The pathogenesis of cancer is currently under intensive investigation to identify reliable prognostic indices for the early detection of disease. Adenomas have been identified as precursors of colorectal cancer and tumor establishment, and disease progression has been found to reflect a malfunction of the immune system. On the basis of the role of the CD30 molecule in the regulation of TH1/TH2 functions and our previous results, strongly suggesting the validity of serum TH1/TH2 cytokines in the study of tumor progression, we studied network interaction between the production of soluble (s) CD30/sBCl2 in whole blood culture [in basic conditions and after PHA, LPS, and anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (mAb) stimulation] and levels of TH1/TH2 cytokines (IL2, IFN gamma, IL12, IL4, IL5, IL10). Peripheral blood from a group of healthy subjects, as well as from patients with adenoma and colorectal cancer was used. Our objective was to gain a better insight into the role of the CD30 molecule in the passage from normal mucosa to adenoma and tumor and identify specific disease markers. Our results suggest that the decrease in CD30 expression and the abnormal increase in Bcl2 expression, observed in the peripheral cells of both adenoma and tumor groups determine an imbalance between TH1/TH2 functions. Consequently, changes in sCD30/sBcl2 culture production and TH1/TH2 cytokine serum levels may be reliable markers for tumor progression. In fact, our overall data show that a decrease of sCD30 levels in basic and PHA conditions and an increase of IFN gamma, IL4, IL5, and IL12 serum levels and sBcl2 in all activation condition are indicative of the passage from normal mucosa to adenoma; whilst a decrease of sBcl2 level in basic, LPS and anti-CD3 conditions and of IL2, IFN gamma serum levels, together with an increase of IL5 are indicative of the passage from adenoma to tumor.
An Evaluation of a Virtual Reality Airway Simulator (2002)

This research showed that the AccuTouch Bronchoscopy Simulator is an effective way to teach the psychomotor skills necessary to intubate the trachea of patients using a fiberoptic bronchoscope. The residents that practiced on the Simulator dramatically improved their skills compared with a control group of residents.
Design and implementation of MPEG-2/DVB scrambler unit and VLSI chip (1997)

This paper describes the MPEG-2/DVB scrambler unit (DVB-SU) and VLSI chip developed for ETRI's conditional access system (CAS) for a digital broadcasting system. The DVB-SU is designed and implemented based on an ASIC, FPGAs and a DSP. The ASIC, compliant with the EP-DVB common scrambling specification, is a 128-pin MQFP type and operates with a 50 MHz system clock; it has features of flexible conditional access handling and interfaces with a commercial MPEG-2 multiplexer in compliance with the MPEG-2 system specification (ISO/IEC 13818). It has been integrated as a part of a conditional access sub-system for a digital broadcasting system and conforms so that it meets all the initial objectives and performance requirements.
Whither Finance Theory? (2005)

The FAJ has played an important role in publishing some of the best thinking in the industry, positing new theories, and challenging established wisdom. “Reflections” pieces in this 60th anniversary year continue the tradition. Of several current accepted concepts that have fallen into question as a result of empirical observation, two discussed here are the capital asset pricing model and the capitalization-weighted market-clearing portfolio.
Synthesis of Structured Triacylglycerols by Lipase-Catalyzed Acidolysis in a Packed Bed Bioreactor (1999)

Structured triacylglycerols (ST) from canola oil were produced by enzymatic acidolysis in a packed bed bioreactor. A commercially immobilized 1,3-specific lipase, Lipozyme IM, from Rhizomucormiehei, was the biocatalyst and caprylic acid the acyl donor. Parameters such as substrate flow rate, substrate molar ratio, reaction temperature, and substrate water content were examined. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to monitor the reaction and product yields. The study showed that all of the parameters had effects on the yields of the expected di-incorporated (dicaprylic) ST products. Flow rates below 1 mL/min led to reaction equilibrium, and lower flow rates did not raise the incorporation of caprylic acid and the product yield. Incorporation of caprylic acid and the targeted di-incorporated ST was increased by approximately 20% with temperature increase from 40 to 70 degrees C. Increasing the substrate molar ratio from 1:1 to 7:1 increased the incorporation of caprylic acid and the product yield slightly. Water content in the substrate also had a mild influence on the reaction. Water content at 0.08% added to the substrate gave the lowest incorporation and product yield. The use of solvent in the medium was also studied, and results demonstrated that it did not increase the reaction rate at 55 degrees C when 33% hexane (v/v) was added. The main fatty acids at the sn-2 position of the ST were C(18:1), 54. 7 mol %; C(18:2), 30.7 mol %; and C(18:3), 11.0 mol %.