gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Incorporating contextual information in recommender systems using a multidimensional approach (2005)

The article presents a multidimensional (MD) approach to recommender systems that can provide recommendations based on additional contextual information besides the typical information on users and items used in most of the current recommender systems. This approach supports multiple dimensions, profiling information, and hierarchical aggregation of recommendations. The article also presents a multidimensional rating estimation method capable of selecting two-dimensional segments of ratings pertinent to the recommendation context and applying standard collaborative filtering or other traditional two-dimensional rating estimation techniques to these segments. A comparison of the multidimensional and two-dimensional rating estimation approaches is made, and the tradeoffs between the two are studied. Moreover, the article introduces a combined rating estimation method, which identifies the situations where the MD approach outperforms the standard two-dimensional approach and uses the MD approach in those situations and the standard two-dimensional approach elsewhere. Finally, the article presents a pilot empirical study of the combined approach, using a multidimensional movie recommender system that was developed for implementing this approach and testing its performance.
Lung assist device: development of microfluidic oxygenators for preterm infants with respiratory failure (2013)

This paper reports the development of microfluidic oxygenator (MFO) units designed for a lung assist device (LAD) for newborn infants. This device will be connected to the umbilical vessels like the natural placenta and provide gas exchange. The extracorporeal blood flow is only driven by the pressure difference between the umbilical artery and vein without the use of external pumps. The LAD is designed for use in ambient air (~21% of 760 mmHg). The main focus of this paper is the presentation of the development of the MFO units testing various membrane materials with human blood to enhance gas exchange and in the design of fluidic inlets to lower the pressure drop across the oxygenator. Four different membranes, including thin film PDMS, porous PDMS, and two different pore size porous polycarbonate membranes are compared in this study. Among them, the microfluidic oxygenator with porous PDMS membrane has the highest gas exchange rate of 1.46 μL min(-1) cm(2) for oxygen and 5.27 μL min(-1) cm(2) for carbon dioxide and performs better than a commercial hollow fiber-based oxygenator by 367 and 233%, respectively. A new tapered inlet configuration was designed to reduce the pressure drop across the oxygenator and showed a further 57% improvement over the traditional perpendicular inlet configuration.
Applications of nonlinear diffusion in image processing and computer vision (2000)

Abstract. Nonlinear diffusion processes can be found in many recent methods for image processing andcomputer vision. In this article, four applications are surveyed: nonlinear diffusion filtering, variational image regularization, optic flow estimation, andgeodesic active contours. For each of these techniques we explain the main ideas, discuss theoretical properties and present an appropriate numerical scheme. The numerical schemes are based on additive operator splittings (AOS). In contrast to traditional multiplicative splittings such as ADI, LOD or D’yakonov splittings, all axes are treated in the same manner, and additional possibilities for efficient realizations on parallel anddistributedarchitectures appear. Geodesic active contours leadto equations that resemble mean curvature motion. For this application, a novel AOS scheme is presentedthat uses harmonic averaging and does not require reinitializations of the distance function in each iteration step. Its accuracy is evaluatedin case of mean curvature motion. 1.
Multiple viewpoint rendering (1998)

This paper presents an algorithm for rendering a static scene from multiple perspectives. While most current computer graphics algorithms render scenes as they appear from a single viewpoint (the location of the camera) multiple viewpoint rendering (MVR) renders a scene from a range of spatially-varying viewpoints. By exploiting perspective coherence, MVR can produce a set of images orders of magnitude faster than conventional rendering methods. Images produced by MVR can be used as input to multiple-perspective displays such as holographic stereograms, lenticular sheet displays, and holographic video. MVR can also be used as a geometry-to-image prefilter for image-based rendering algorithms. MVR techniques are adapted from single viewpoint computer graphics algorithms and can be accelerated using existing hardware graphics subsystems. This paper describes the characteristics of MVR algorithms in general, along with the design, implementation, and applications of a particular MVR rendering system.
RNA recombination in animal and plant viruses (1992)

An increasing number of animal and plant viruses have been shown to undergo RNA-RNA recombination, which is defined as the exchange of genetic information between nonsegmented RNAs. Only some of these viruses have been shown to undergo recombination in experimental infection of tissue culture, animals, and plants. However, a survey of viral RNA structure and sequences suggests that many RNA viruses were derived form homologous or nonhomologous recombination between viruses or between viruses and cellular genes during natural viral evolution. The high frequency and widespread nature of RNA recombination indicate that this phenomenon plays a more significant role in the biology of RNA viruses than was previously recognized. Three types of RNA recombination are defined: homologous recombination; aberrant homologous recombination, which results in sequence duplication, insertion, or deletion during recombination; and nonhomologous (illegitimate) recombination, which does not involve sequence homology. RNA recombination has been shown to occur by a copy choice mechanism in some viruses. A model for this recombination mechanism is presented.
Creating Personal Experiences in a Technical World: The Oaxaca Exchange Program (1999)

This paper describes the process of formation of this exchange program, results of the first exchange visit, and suggestions for creating similar programs between different groups and regions.
Evaluation of the coulter LH 750 haematology analyzer compared with flow cytometry as the reference method for WBC, platelet and nucleated RBC count (2004)

The Coulter LH 750 is a new haematology analyser with several new features: a count of nucleated red blood cells (NRBCs), automated WBC correction in presence of a flag indicating a cellular interference and a lower incidence of platelet or WBC interference flags when compared with the GEN.S, our current instrument. We had three main goals in our study: evaluating the LH 750 WBC counts when a GEN.S flag suggests a risk of WBC interference, ascertaining whether the platelet counts not flagged by the LH 750 were accurately assessed in samples flagged by the GEN.S and evaluating the NRBC assay provided by the LH 750. Flow cytometry, using CD45 and CD41, respectively for WBC and platelet labelling, was used as a reference method to assess the accuracy of the LH 750 counts. NRBC were identified by double labelling with propidium iodide (PI) and CD45, NRBCs being CD45-/PI+. A significant relationship was found between LH 750 and flow cytometric WBC counts, whether a WBC correction was made by the LH 750 (r = 0.9809, n = 54) or not (r = 0.9901, n = 23). A highly significant relationship was observed for platelets not only in the range from 0 to 450 x 10(9)/l (r = 0.981, n = 108) but also in cases of thrombocytopenia (range: 0-80 x 10(9)/l; r = 0.956, n = 51). In samples with NRBCs, the NRBC percentages given by the LH 750 and by flow cytometry were highly correlated (r = 0.977, n = 60) and WBC counts were accurate. In conclusion, the reduction in flagging by the LH 750, the accuracy of the results, and the availability of a NRBC count, constitute major advantages.
N-linked oligosaccharide processing and tumor cell biology. (1991)

A variety of alterations in carbohydrate structure have been observed in cancer cells. Most are carbohydrate sequences normally found in other adult or embryonic tissues and their expression in cancer cells appears to reflect a change in the differentiated state of transformed cells. The expression of branched and sialylated complex-type N-linked oligosaccharides in malignant tumor cells appears to be directly associated with metastatic potential. Inhibition of N-linked oligosaccharide processing in malignant cells is associated with increased susceptibility to natural immunity, increased cell adhesion to extracellular matrix and decreased tumor cell invasion in vitro. There is also growing evidence that branched complex-type oligosaccharides participate in organ retention of blood-borne tumor cells by acting as ligands for endothelial cell lectins. These observations suggest that inhibitors of N-linked oligosaccharide processing may be useful anti-cancer agents.
Changes in surface markers of human mesenchymal stem cells during the chondrogenic differentiation and dedifferentiation processes in vitro (2009)

We speculate that the second group of surface antigens could be negative markers for chondrogenic differentiation of human MSCs.
Micro-optical switch device based on semiconductor-to-metallic phase transition characteristics of W-doped VO2 smart coatings (2007)

The authors have successfully fabricated planar micro-optical switch device exploiting the transmitting semiconductor (on) to the reflecting metallic (off) phase transition of thermochromic W(1.4at.%)-doped VO2 smart coatings and driven by an external voltage. The starting W-doped VO2-coated Al2O3 exhibited infrared transmittance switching about 45%. After the microfabrication, the temperature dependence of electrical resistance of the micro-optical switch showed clearly its well-known semiconductor-to-metallic phase transition at a transition temperature of 36°C. A reversible transmittance switching (on/off) as high as 28dB was achieved with this device at λ=1.55μm. In addition, the transmittance switching modulation of the device was demonstrated at 1.55μm by switching the micro-optical switch simultaneously with dc and ac voltages.
Brønsted Acid Catalyzed Addition of Phenols, Carboxylic Acids, and Tosylamides to Simple Olefins (2006)

Intermolecular addition of phenols, carboxylic acids, and protected amines to inert olefins can be catalyzed by low concentrations (1-5%) of triflic acid. Functional groups, such as the methoxyl substitution on aromatics, could be tolerated if the concentration of triflic acid and the reaction temperature are controlled appropriately. This reaction provides one of the simplest olefin addition methods and is an alternative to metal-catalyzed reactions.
Potential functional role of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in cancer immunity (2007)

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), as well as myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs), have a dual role not only in initiating immune responses but also in inducing tolerance to exogenous and endogenous antigens. Tumour antigens originate from endogenous self-antigens, which are poorly immunogenic and also subject to change during tumour progression. In general, tumour antigens derived from apoptotic cells are captured by immature mDCs, antigen presentation by which is most likely to result in immune tolerance. In contrast, tumour antigens may be taken up by pDCs through Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) via receptor-mediated endocytosis. TLR9-dependent activation of pDCs results in the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-12 and type I interferons (IFNs) through a MyD88-dependent pathway. Type I IFNs also activate mDCs for T-cell priming. Although pDCs recruited to the tumour site are implicated in facilitating tumour growth via immune suppression, they can be released from the tumour as a result of cell death caused by primary systemic chemotherapy, and can then be activated through TLR9. Thus, synergistically with mDCs, pDCs may also play a crucial role in mediating cancer immunity. In this review, the potential functional duality and plasticity of pDCs mediated by TLR9 ligation in cancer immunity will be discussed.
Beyond data warehousing (2004)

During the last ten years the approach to business management has deeply changed, and companies have understood the importance of enforcing achievement of the goals defined by their strategy through metrics-driven management. The DW process, though supporting bottom-up extraction of information from data, fails in top-down enforcing the company strategy. A new approach to BI, called Business Performance Management (BPM), is emerging from this framework: it includes DW but it also requires a reactive component capable of monitoring the time-critical operational processes to allow tactical and operational decision-makers to tune their actions according to the company strategy. The aim of this paper is to encourage the research community to acknowledge the coming of a second era in BI, to propose a general architecture for BPM, and to lay the premises for investigating the most challenging of the related issues.
The mouse DNA methyltransferase 5'-region. A unique housekeeping gene promoter. (1992)

We have cloned and characterized 5'-flanking sequences of the DNA methyltransferase (MeTase) gene. DNA MeTase gene transcription is initiated at a few discrete sites: 343 and 90 base pairs upstream of the translation initiation site as determined by RNase protection and primer extension assays. The promoter sequences that regulate expression of DNA MeTase, as defined by chloramphenicol acetyltransferase assays, reside between position -171 and the transcription start site. The promoter of DNA MeTase does not contain TATAA or CAAT boxes and is unusual because it does not contain the CG-rich elements characteristic of TATAA-less housekeeping genes. The 5'-flanking region of DNA MeTase contains AP-1, AP-2 and glucocorticoid response elements, suggesting possible regulation by cellular signal transduction pathways. The base composition of the DNA MeTase promoter is markedly different from that of other housekeeping genes. Whereas most housekeeping genes are characterized by CG-rich areas in their 5'-flanking regions, the TG dinucleotide is over-represented in DNA MeTase 5'-flanking sequences, including a perfect tandem repeat of T/G between positions -685 and -650. DNA methylation patterns play an important role in the developmental regulation of gene expression in vertebrates. DNA MeTase activity is probably regulated to maintain this pattern of methylation. We suggest that the DNA MeTase promoter represents a new class of housekeeping gene promoters that was designed to ensure high fidelity regulation of gene expression.
Sentiment classification on customer feedback data (2004)

We demonstrate that it is possible to perform automatic sentiment classification in the very noisy domain of customer feedback data. We show that by using large feature vectors in combination with feature reduction, we can train linear support vector machines that achieve high classification accuracy on data that present classification challenges even for a human annotator. We also show that, surprisingly, the addition of deep linguistic analysis features to a set of surface level word n-gram features contributes consistently to classification accuracy in this domain.
Runtime Compression of MPI Messanes to Improve the Performance and Scalability of Parallel Applications (2005)

Communication-intensive parallel applications spend a significant amount of their total execution time exchanging data between processes, which leads to poor performance in many cases. In this paper, we investigate message compression in the context of large-scale parallel message-passing systems to reduce the communication time of individual messages and to improve the bandwidth of the overall system. We implement and evaluate the cMPI message-passing library, which quickly compresses messages on-the-fly with a low enough overhead that a net execution time reduction is obtained. Our results on six large-scale benchmark applications show that their execution speed improves by up to 98% when message compression is enabled.
Compact effective potentials and efficient shared-exponent basis sets for the first- and second-row atoms (1984)

Compact effective potentials, which replace the atomic core electrons in molecular calculations, are presented for atoms in the first and second rows of the periodic table. The angular-dependent components of these potentials are represented by compact one- and two-term Gaussian expansions obtained directly from the appropriate eigenvalue equation. Energy-optimized Gaussian basis set expansions of the atomic pseudo-orbitals, which have a common set of exponents (shared exponents) for the s and p orbitals, are also presented. The potentials and basis sets have been used to calculate the equilibrium structures and spectroscopic properties of several molecules. The results compare extremely favorably with corresponding all-electron calculations.
A Joint Model for Sentence Semantic Similarity Learning (2017)

Sentence similarity is a fundamental task to measure the degree of the likelihood between two sentences. It plays an important role in both NLP and IR communities. The current sentence semantic similarity measurements can be divided into two categories: the model based on feature engineering and the model based on deep learning. These two categories all have their own advantages and disadvantages. The feature captured based on deep learning may not get the deep meaning of the sentence. And the feature exacted based on feature engineering may not be comprehensive. The algorithm proposed recently usually use one of these two models. In this paper, we proposed a new model that combine the deep learning model and the feature engineering model together. Our model enables two methods to complement each other, making the feature extraction more comprehensive: not only take the global semantic information into account, but also further refine the semantic information at the word level. The experiment shows that our model performs better than models only use one category.
Microarchitecture of HaL's memory management unit (2002)

This paper discusses the architecture and implementation of HaL's 64-bit memory management unit (MMU). The MMU is responsible for virtual-to-physical address translations, data movement controls, bus interfaces among CPU/caches, memory subsystems; and I/O systems; and maintaining memory coherency among caches and memories.
Novel Hypoglycaemic Agents: Considerations in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (2014)

One of the commonest complications of type 2 diabetes is renal disease. Treatment guidelines emphasise the need for tight glycaemic control to reduce the development of future complications; however, with the development of renal impairment, the benefit of tight glycaemic control must be weighed against the potential for adverse effects from drugs or their metabolites which may accumulate. In this article, the glucose-lowering drugs used in the management of type 2 diabetes are reviewed, with particular emphasis on newer guidelines and agents.
A Practical Guide to Wavelet Analysis (1998)

A practical step-by-step guide to wavelet analysis is given, with examples taken from time series of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The guide includes a comparison to the windowed Fourier transform, the choice of an appropriate wavelet basis function, edge effects due to finite-length time series, and the relationship between wavelet scale and Fourier frequency. New statistical significance tests for wavelet power spectra are developed by deriving theoretical wavelet spectra for white and red noise processes and using these to establish significance levels and confidence intervals. It is shown that smoothing in time or scale can be used to increase the confidence of the wavelet spectrum. Empirical formulas are given for the effect of smoothing on significance levels and confidence intervals. Extensions to wavelet analysis such as filtering, the power Hovmöller, cross-wavelet spectra, and coherence are described. The statistical significance tests are used to give a quantitative measure of changes in ENSO variance on interdecadal timescales. Using new datasets that extend back to 1871, the Niño3 sea surface temperature and the Southern Oscillation index show significantly higher power during 1880–1920 and 1960–90, and lower power during 1920–60, as well as a possible 15-yr modulation of variance. The power Hovmöller of sea level pressure shows significant variations in 2–8-yr wavelet power in both longitude and time.
Impaired intestinal iron absorption in Crohnʼs disease correlates with disease activity and markers of inflammation (2006)

Subjects with active CD have impaired oral iron absorption and elevated IL-6 levels compared with subjects with inactive disease. These findings suggest that oral iron may be of limited benefit to these patients. Future study is needed to define the molecular basis for impaired iron absorption.
Pellino 1 Is Required for Interleukin-1 (IL-1)-mediated Signaling through Its Interaction with the IL-1 Receptor-associated Kinase 4 (IRAK4)-IRAK-Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-associated Factor 6 (TRAF6) Complex (2003)

The signaling pathway downstream of the mammalian interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R)/Toll-like receptor (TLR) is evolutionally conserved with that mediated by the Drosophila Toll protein. Toll initiates its signal through the adapter molecule Tube and the serine-threonine kinase Pelle. Pelle is highly homologous to members of the IL-1R-associated kinase (IRAK) family in mammals. Recently, a novel Pelle-interacting protein called Pellino was identified in Drosophila. We now report a mammalian counterpart of Pellino, termed Pellino 1, which is required for NF kappa B activation and IL-8 gene expression in response to IL-1, probably through its signal-dependent interaction with IRAK4, IRAK, and the tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6). The Pellino 1-IRAK-IRAK4-TRAF6 signaling complex is likely to be intermediate, located between the IL-1 receptor complex and the TAK1 complex in the IL-1 pathway.
A study of Cable discharge events and other short time pulses of cabled MR sensors (2008)

Sensors used in the storage industry are primarily damaged once a cable has been bonded to the head. This paper focuses on short time pulses, such as, cable discharge events (CDEs) and square wave pulses (SWPs) for MR devices with and without diode protection. Pspice models of CDE events are performed and compared with data. Measurements and Pspice models of short time SW pulses are also done which include the effects of cables and fixture capacitance and inductance.