gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of CD39 and CD73 as a means of evading anti-tumor immune reponses in lung cancer (100.7) (2010)

Abstract A major hurdle for cancer immunotherapy is the ability of tumors to inhibit anti-tumor immune responses. CD39 and CD73 are ectonucleotidases that promote the generation of extracellular adenosine from ATP. In light of the ability of adenosine to inhibit T cell responses by activating the adenosine A2a receptor (A2aR) we wanted to explore the expression of these two molecules on the surface of cancer cells. We investigated CD39 and CD73 expression and function utilizing murine and human tissues. In vitro studies revealed that Murine Lewis Lung Carcinoma cells did not express ectonucleotidases. However, upregulation of CD39 was found in vivo at multiple time points after injection into C57BL/6 mice. This expression was not T or B cell mediated as injection into RAG knockout mice produced the same expression patterns. Interestingly, characterization of multiple human lung cancer cells lines in vitro revealed near universal expression of CD73 and no CD39 expression. To determine if the upregulation of adenosine could have consequences in vivo, we injected Lewis lung carcinoma cells into A2aR knock out mice or wild-type mice treated with an adenosine receptor antagonist. In both cases improvements in tumor free and overall survival were observed. Overall our data suggests that CD39 and CD73 expression on the surface of lung cancer cells may contribute to their resistance to immunotherapy and that successful immunotherapy in lung cancer might include A2aR antagonists.
B70/B7-2 is identical to CD86 and is the major functional ligand for CD28 expressed on human dendritic cells. (1994)

Dendritic cells comprise a system of highly efficient antigen-presenting cells involved in the initiation of T cell responses. Herein, we investigated the role of the CD28 pathway during alloreactive T cell proliferation induced by dendritic-Langerhans cells (D-Lc) generated by culturing human cord blood CD34+ progenitor cells with granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor and tumor necrosis factor alpha. In addition to expressing CD80 (B7/BB1), a subset of D-Lc expressed B70/B7-2. Binding of the CTLA4-Ig fusion protein was completely inhibited by a combination of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against CD80 and B70/B7-2, indicating the absence of expression of a third ligand for CD28/CTLA-4. It is interesting to note that mAbs against CD86 completely prevented the binding of CTLA4-Ig in the presence of mAbs against CD80 and bound to a B70/B7-2-transfected fibroblast cell line, demonstrating that the B70/B7-2 antigen is identical to CD86. CD28 triggering was essential during D-Lc-induced alloreaction as it was inhibited by mAbs against CD28 (9 out of 11 tested). However, none of six anti-CD80 mAbs demonstrated any activity on the D-Lc-induced alloreaction, though some were previously described as inhibitory in assays using CD80-transfected cell lines. In contrast, a mAb against CD86 (IT-2) was found to suppress the D-Lc-dependent alloreaction by 70%. This inhibitory effect was enhanced to > or = 90% when a combination of anti-CD80 and anti-CD86 mAbs was used. The present results demonstrate that D-Lc express, in addition to CD80, the other ligand for CTLA-4, CD86 (B70/B7-2), which plays a primordial role during D-Lc-induced alloreaction.
Cellular Uptake of Aminoglycosides, Guanidinoglycosides, and Poly-arginine (2003)

Aminoglycosides (including neomycin B and tobramycin) exhibit poor uptake by eukaryotic cell lines. When the amines of these natural products are converted into guanidine groups, their cellular uptake is dramatically enhanced. We have synthesized BODIPY-containing aminoglycosides and guanidinoglycosides to evaluate their cellular uptake properties. Fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) and fluorescence microscopy are used to compare the membrane translocation and the cellular localization of these compounds. Upon guanidinylation, the cellular uptake efficiencies of tobramycin and neomycin B are enhanced by 10-fold and 20-fold, respectively. Guanidino-neomycin B exhibits a highly efficient uptake, superior to a fluorescent poly-arginine peptide. Interestingly, the cellular uptake of this common transduction peptide is inhibited by guanidine-neomycin B, suggesting a similar uptake mechanism for both the arginine-rich peptides and the guanidinoglycosides.
Key bioavailability features of a new extended-release formulation of minocycline hydrochloride tablets. (2006)

For a long time, minocycline has been recognized as highly efficacious for the treatment of acne vulgaris but with use-limiting acute vestibular adverse events (AVAEs). Based on the concept that lowered overall systemic exposure to minocycline should reduce unwanted side effects, a program was initiated to develop a modified-release formulation for clinical testing. An extended-release (ER) minocycline hydrochloride tablet formulation was developed that demonstrated delayed time of maximum concentration (tmax, 3 1/2 - 4 hours) compared with a nonmodified-release minocycline (tmax, 2 1/4 - 3 hours), and a lower maximum concentration of drug (cmax) in the blood (90%) compared with nonmodified-release formulations. At steady state (day 6), the ER-minocycline formulation had a 0- to 24-hour area under the curve (AUC(0-24)) and cmax of 33.32 microg x h/mL and 2.63 microg/mL, respectively, compared with 46.35 micro x h/mL and 2.92 microg/mL, respectively, for the nonmodified-release minocycline. These studies demonstrated that the new ER-minocycline hydrochloride formulation is not bioequivalent to the immediate-release (IR) minocycline hydrochloride formulation currently on the market. The favorable pharmacokinetic profile of ER minocycline also was not affected by concomitantly ingested food, including dairy products.
Preliminary evaluation of artificial pollination in pistachio using pollen suspension spray (2013)

Pistachio trees (Pistacia vera L.) are dioecious and pollination is necessary in order to get filled nuts. The effects of suspension media containing agar (A) and boric acid (B) combined with either 0.05% or 0.15% (w/v) pollen (P) used for spray pollination on pollen grain viability were investigated in pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) cv. Owhadi. We also evaluated the effects of spray pollination on fruit set, fruit and kernal quality. The pollen grain viability was measured by germination rates. It was determined that the pollen grain has the ability of germination in suspension media and the pollen grain germination percentage significantly increased by the application of the media containing agar and boric acid as compared with other media. Application of medium containing agar (A) and 0.01 % boric acid (B1) combined with 0.15% (w/v) pollen (P2) produced better fruit set than suspension media without boric acid. The medium containing agar and 100 mg L-1 boric acid combined with 0.05% (w/v) pollen increased fresh and dry weight of kernel. Moreover the pollination treatments affected kernel nutrient elements concentration so that highest concentration of the kernel P, Ca, Mg, Cu and Fe were obtained with spray pollination method. Our finding showed that the spray pollination may be the effective method in pistachio trees.
Trichomoniasis in non-gonococcic urethritis among male patients. (1994)

Urethral discharge of 415 male patients, age 18-50, were examined for Trichomonas vaginalis by direct examination of fresh and Giemsa-stained slides and cultivation in CPLM media. In this study, 85 (20.7%) specimens out of 415, were found to be positive for trichomoniasis. Three groups consisting of 30, 29 and 26 patients each was treated with secnidazole, metronidazole and ornidazole respectively. In the follow up controls, all patients were found to be negative for trichomoniasis and all complaints were disappeared totally without a significant difference between all groups.
Active Suppression of Drilling System Vibrations For Deep Drilling (2015)

The dynamic stability of deep drillstrings is challenged by an inability to impart controllability with ever-changing conditions introduced by geology, depth, structural dynamic properties and operating conditions. A multi-organizational LDRD project team at Sandia National Laboratories successfully demonstrated advanced technologies for mitigating drillstring vibrations to improve the reliability of drilling systems used for construction of deep, high-value wells. Using computational modeling and dynamic substructuring techniques, the benefit of controllable actuators at discrete locations in the drillstring is determined. Prototype downhole tools were developed and evaluated in laboratory test fixtures simulating the structural dynamic response of a deep drillstring. A laboratory-based drilling applicability demonstration was conducted to demonstrate the benefit available from deployment of an autonomous, downhole tool with self-actuation capabilities in response to the dynamic response of the host drillstring. A concept is presented for a prototype drilling tool based upon the technical advances. The technology described herein is the subject of U.S. Patent Application No. 62219481, entitled "DRILLING SYSTEM VIBRATION SUPPRESSION SYSTEMS AND METHODS", filed September 16, 2015.
Capacitive Type of Biomedical Electrode (1970)

A suitable dielectric for a capacitive biomedical electrode is presented. In application a thin (2-mil) film of pyre varnish is deposited on the electrode surface and heat cured. Capacitance values of 800 pF for a 0.5-inch-diameter electrode are typical. A field-effect transistor source follower circuit is used in conjunction with this type of electrode.
Efficient memory utilization on network processors for deep packet inspection (2006)

Deep Packet Inspection (DPI) refers to examining both packet header and payload to look for predefined patterns, which is essential for network security, intrusion detection and content-aware switch etc. The increasing line speed and expanding pattern sets make DPI a challenging task. Network Processors (NPs) are chosen to perform DPI due to their packet processing performance and programmability. In this paper, we focus on achieving high performance DPI through exploitation of NP's on-chip resources (particularly memory) and inherent parallel processing capability. We study the parallelism in classical DPI algorithms and construct a memory model for different parallel matching methods. Based on the model, we find the optimal organization of state machines that requires minimal on-chip memory space and guides us to high performance NP architectures for DPI. The performance evaluation experiments show that our method can reduce the memory usage by up to 86%. With an Intel IXP28xx NP simulator, we observe that the estimated DPI throughput reaches up to 5 Gbps.
A dual-band microstrip array antenna (2002)

A dual-band microstrip array antenna is designed, fabricated, and tested. The design consists of two aperture-coupled microstrip array sub-antennas stacked one over the other. Experiments have been conducted to validate the practicability of the dual-band antenna in terms of the radiation pattern and inter-frequency band interference.
Adaptive fuzzy systems (1993)

Conventional fuzzy control systems using PID (proportional-integral-derivative) control and their limitations are discussed. Ways to incorporate adaptivity are examined. The functioning of adaptive fuzzy logic and adaptive fuzzy control systems is described. The use of rule weights is explained.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Size-dependent melting temperature of individual nanometer-sized metallic clusters (1990)

Gold and silver clusters with diameters in the nanometer-size range were grown in an inert-gas beam and deposited on the end of a tungsten field emitter. The field-emission current from an individual cluster is used to study a size-dependent change in shape of the cluster as a function of temperature. Three experimental signatures indicate an abrupt change in cluster shape at a temperature below the bulk melting point. This temperature is found to depend on cluster size and is in agreement with a thermodynamic model for cluster melting, provided the cluster diameter is greater than \ensuremath{\sim}2 nm.
Peroxynitrite Induces Long-Lived Tyrosyl Radical(s) in Oxyhemoglobin of Red Blood Cells through a Reaction Involving CO<sub>2</sub> and a Ferryl Species (1999)

Peroxynitrite-mediated oxidative chemistry is currently the subject of intense investigation owing to the toxic side effects associated with nitric oxide overproduction. Using direct electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR) at 37 degrees C, we observed that in human erythrocytes peroxynitrite induced a long-lived singlet signal at g = 2.004 arising from hemoglobin. This signal was detectable in oxygenated red blood cells and in purified oxyhemoglobin but significantly decreased after deoxygenation. The formation of the g = 2.004 radical required the presence of CO2 and pH values higher than the pKa of peroxynitrous acid (pKa = 6.8), indicating the involvement of a secondary oxidant formed in the interaction of ONOO- with CO2. The g = 2.004 radical yield leveled off at a 1:1 ratio between peroxynitrite and oxyhemoglobin, while CO-hemoglobin formed less radical and methemoglobin did not form the radical at all. These results suggest that the actual oxidant is or is derived from the ONOOCO2- adduct interacting with oxygenated FeII-heme. Spin trapping with 2-methyl-2-nitrosopropane (MNP) of the g = 2.004 radical and subsequent proteolytic digestion of the MNP/hemoglobin adduct revealed the trapping of a tyrosyl-centered radical(s). A similar long-lived unresolved g = 2.004 singlet signal is a common feature of methemoglobin/H2O2 and metmyoglobin/H2O2 systems. We show by spin trapping that these g = 2.004 signals generated by H2O2 also indicated trapping of radicals centered on tyrosine residues. Analysis of visible spectra of hemoglobin treated with peroxynitrite revealed that, in the presence of CO2, oxyhemoglobin was oxidized to a ferryl species, which rapidly decayed to lower iron oxidation states. The g = 2.004 radical may be an intermediate formed during ferrylhemoglobin decay. Our results describe a new pathway of peroxynitrite-dependent hemoglobin oxidation of dominating importance in CO2-containing biological systems and identify the g = 2.004 radical(s) formed in the process as tyrosyl radical(s).
Micromachined cellular filters (2002)

Bulk wave acoustic resonators using thin piezoelectric films have the potential to become useful filters for telecommunication markets. These devices has been variously referred to as a thin film resonator (TFR) or a film bulk acoustic wave resonator (FBAR). Typically, the piezoelectric material is a sputter-deposited film of aluminum nitride or zinc oxide. Processing techniques such as the use of KOH or ethylene diamine pyrocatechol (EDP) to etch silicon or the use of sacrificial materials to form "air gap" structures (3) are needed to isolate the acoustic cavity from the underlying substrate. These same techniques are also part of the micromachinists "tools-of-the-trade" and are becoming better understood as well as becoming a part of an accepted processing infrastructure.
Gene expression in human neural stem cells: effects of leukemia inhibitory factor (2003)

Human neural precursor cells grown in culture provide a source of tissue for drug screening, developmental studies and cell therapy. However, mechanisms underlying their growth and differentiation are poorly understood. We show that epidermal growth factor (EGF) responsive precursors derived from the developing human cortex undergo senescence after 30-40 population doublings. Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) increased overall expansion rates, prevented senescence and allowed the growth of a long-term self renewing neural stem cell (ltNSCctx) for up to 110 population doublings. We established basal gene expression in ltNSCctx using Affymetrix oligonucleotide microarrays that delineated specific members of important growth factor and signaling families consistently expressed across three separate lines. Following LIF withdrawal, 200 genes showed significant decreases. Protein analysis confirmed LIF-regulated expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein, CD44, and major histocompatibility complex I. This study provides the first molecular profile of human ltNSCctx cultures capable of long-term self renewal, and reveals specific sets of genes that are directly or indirectly regulated by LIF.
Performance Evaluation of a NoC-Based Design for MC-CDMA Telecommunications Using NS-2 (2006)

The trend nowadays is to integrate telecommunication system on complex SoC. But the requirements of such architecture in terms of interconnection and bandwidth constraints lead designers to propose innovative solutions such as networks-on-chip (NoC). In this paper we address a NoC-based implementation for a 4G modem. We propose a modelling environment based on a network simulation tool to evaluate its performance and set critical parameters. We present results validating our transceiver modem and showing the pertinence of the study for design exploration compared to other approaches.
Concise Review: Managing Genotoxicity in the Therapeutic Modification of Stem Cells (2011)

The therapeutic use of procedures for genetic stem cell modification is limited by potential adverse events related to uncontrolled mutagenesis. Prominent findings have been made in hematopoietic gene therapy, demonstrating the risk of clonal, potentially malignant outgrowth on the basis of mutations acquired during or after therapeutic genome modification. The incidence and the growth rate of insertional mutants have been linked to the "stemness" of the target cells and vector-related features such as the integration pattern, the architecture, and the exact content of transgene cassettes. Milieu factors supporting the survival and expansion of mutants may eventually allow oncogenic progression. Similar concerns apply for medicinal products based on pluripotent stem cells. Focusing on the genetic stress induced by insertional mutagenesis and culture adaptation, we propose four conclusions. (a) Mutations occurring in the production of stem cell-based medicines may be unavoidable and need to be classified according to their risk to trigger the formation of clones that are sufficiently long-lived and mitotically active to acquire secondary transforming mutations. (b) The development of rational prevention strategies depends upon the identification of the specific mutations forming such "dominant clones" (which can also be addressed as cancer stem cell precursors) and a better knowledge of the mechanisms underlying their creation, expansion, and homeostatic control. (c) Quantitative assay systems are required to assess the practical value of preventive actions. (d) Improved approaches for the genetic modification of stem cells can address all critical steps in the origin and growth control of mutants.
Facile in Situ Silver Nanoparticle Formation in Insulating Porous Polymer Matrices (2005)

The in situ formation of well-dispersed silver nanoparticles in an insulating polymer matrix is reported. Poly(aryl ether)s (PAEs) incorporating an oxadiazole moiety were synthesized, and they demonstrated selective interaction with silver ions. Polymer−ion thin films were easily spin cast and exposed to hydrazine vapors in order to induce metal nucleation. Introducing a triptycene monomer into the polymer backbone resulted in a highly porous matrix and prevented nanoparticle aggregation. This provides a generalized approach to the facile preparation of well-dispersed metal nanoparticle embedded thin films.
Heat shock induced proteins in plant cells (1979)

Abstract Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and soybean (Glycine max) tissue culture cells were exposed to a heat shock and protein synthesis studied by SDS‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis after labeling with radioactive amino acids. A new pattern of protein synthesis is observed in heat‐shocked cells compared to that in control cells. About 12 protein bands, some newly appearing, others synthesized in greatly increased quantities in heat‐shock cells, are seen. Several of the heat‐shock proteins (HSPs) in both tobacco and soybean are similar in size. One of the HSPs in soybean (76K) shares peptide homology with its presumptive 25°C counterpart, indicating that the synthesis of at least some HSPs may not be due to activation of new genes. The optimum temperature for maximal induction of most HSPs is 39–40°C. Total protein synthesis decreases as heat‐shock temperature is increased and is barely detectable at 45°C. The heat‐shock response is maintained for a relatively short time in tobacco cells. After 3 hr at 39°C, a decrease is seen in the synthesis of the HSPs, and after 4 hr practically no HSPs are synthesized. After exposure to 39°C for 1 hr, followed by a return of tobacco cells to 26°C, recovery to the control pattern of synthesis requires greater than 6 hours. These results indicate that cells of flowering plants exhibit a heat‐shock response similar to that observed in animal cells.
Long-Term Self-Renewal of Human ES/iPS-Derived Hepatoblast-like Cells on Human Laminin 111-Coated Dishes (2013)

The establishment of self-renewing hepatoblast-like cells (HBCs) from human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) would realize a stable supply of hepatocyte-like cells for medical applications. However, the functional characterization of human PSC-derived HBCs was not enough. To purify and expand human PSC-derived HBCs, human PSC-derived HBCs were cultured on dishes coated with various types of human recombinant laminins (LN). Human PSC-derived HBCs attached to human laminin-111 (LN111)-coated dish via integrin alpha 6 and beta 1 and were purified and expanded by culturing on the LN111-coated dish, but not by culturing on dishes coated with other laminin isoforms. By culturing on the LN111-coated dish, human PSC-derived HBCs were maintained for more than 3 months and had the ability to differentiate into both hepatocyte-like cells and cholangiocyte-like cells. These expandable human PSC-derived HBCs would be manageable tools for drug screening, experimental platforms to elucidate mechanisms of hepatoblasts, and cell sources for hepatic regenerative therapy.
Inviability of dam recA and dam recB cells of Escherichia coli is correlated with their inability to repair DNA double-strand breaks produced by mismatch repair (1986)

The molecular basis for the inviability of dam-3 recA200(Ts) and dam-3 recB270(Ts) cells was studied. The dam-3 recA200(Ts) cells were inviable in yeast extract-nutrient broth or in minimal medium at 42 degrees C. Although the dam-3 recB270(Ts) cells were inviable in yeast extract-nutrient broth at 42 degrees C, they were viable at 42 degrees C in minimal medium, in which the high salt content suppresses the mutant phenotype caused by the recB270(Ts) mutation at 42 degrees C. Under the growth conditions rendering dam rec cells inviable, the cells accumulated double-strand breaks in their DNA. Introduction of a mutL or mutS mutation restored the viability of dam-3 recB270(Ts) cells grown in yeast extract-nutrient broth at 42 degrees C and eliminated the formation of DNA double-strand breaks in these cells. We conclude that the inability to repair DNA double-strand breaks produced by the mismatch repair process accounts for the inviability of the dam recA and dam recB cells.