gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and Implementation of a Wide Field-of-view Head Mounted Projective Display (2009)

In a virtual reality (VR) environment, a wide field-of-view (FOV) image contributes to improve the immersive experience and situation awareness. The typical FOV of a head mounted display (HMD) is around 20 to 40 degrees, and widening this has been a technological challenge for decades. We designed a new HMD that has a hyperbolic half-silvered mirror. This HMD can resolve the technological challenges and provide a wide FOV, large observational pupil, and optical see-through display. We made a prototype HMD and a VR walkthrough system that displays a pair of stereo images with a FOV of over 120 degrees. This paper reports our HMD ' s basic concept and the implementation of the prototype.
Preparation and Biological Evaluation of <sup>64</sup>Cu Labeled Tyr<sup>3</sup>-Octreotate Using a Phosphonic Acid-Based Cross-Bridged Macrocyclic Chelator (2012)

Somatostatin receptors (SSTr) are overexpressed in a wide range of neuroendocrine tumors, making them excellent targets for nuclear imaging and therapy, and radiolabeled somatostatin analogues have been investigated for positron emission tomography imaging and radionuclide therapy of SSTr-positive tumors, especially of the subtype-2 (SSTr2). The aim of this study was to develop a somatostatin analogue, Tyr(3)-octreotate (Y3-TATE), conjugated to a novel cross-bridged macrocyclic chelator, 11-carboxymethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazabicyclo[6.6.2]hexadecane-4-methanephosphonic acid (CB-TE1A1P). Unlike traditional cross-bridged macrocycles, such as 4,11-bis(carboxymethyl)-1,4,8,11-tetraazabicyclo[6.6.2]hexadecane (CB-TE2A), CB-TE1A1P-Y3-TATE was radiolabeled with (64)Cu in high purity and high specific activity using mild conditions. Saturation binding assays revealed that (64)Cu-CB-TE1A1P-Y3-TATE had comparable binding affinity but bound to more binding sites in AR42J rat pancreatic tumor cell membranes than (64)Cu-CB-TE2A-Y3-TATE. Both radiopharmaceuticals showed comparable uptake in SSTr2 positive tissues in AR42J tumor-bearing rats. (64)Cu-CB-TE1A1P-Y3-TATE demonstrated improved blood clearance compared to (64)Cu-CB-TE2A-Y3-TATE, as the tumor/blood ratios of (64)Cu-CB-TE1A1P-Y3-TATE were shown to be significantly higher than those of (64)Cu-CB-TE2A-Y3-TATE at 4 and 24 h postinjection. (64)Cu-CB-TE1A1P-Y3-TATE, in spite of a relatively high kidney uptake, accumulated less in nontarget organs such as liver, lung, and bone. Small animal PET/CT imaging of (64)Cu-CB-TE1A1P-Y3-TATE in AR42J tumor bearing rats validated significant uptake and good contrast in the tumor. This study suggests that CB-TE1A1P is a promising bifunctional chelator for (64)Cu-labeled for Y3-TATE, owing to high binding affinity and target tissue uptake, the ability to radiolabel the agent at lower temperatures, and improved tumor/nontarget organ ratios over (64)Cu-CB-TE2A-Y3-TATE.
Arsenic levels in drinking water and the prevalence of skin lesions in West Bengal, India (1998)

The surprising finding of cases who had arsenic-associated skin lesions with apparently low exposure to arsenic in drinking water needs to be confirmed in studies with more detailed exposure assessment. Further research is also needed concerning susceptibility factors which might be present in the exposed population.
The design of medical image databases: a distributed approach (1990)

In view of the physical and logical separation of medical image generation, retrieval, processing, and storage, a distributed design approach for picture archiving and communication system (PACS) database systems develops naturally and has many advantages over its centralized counterpart. An examination is made of the design requirements for a PACS database system and the design issues of a distributed PACS database system. An architecture of a distributed PACS data base is proposed, and some implementation considerations are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Overexpression of Calreticulin Increases Intracellular Ca2+ Storage and Decreases Store-operated Ca2+ Influx (1996)

The widely distributed and highly conserved Ca(2+)-binding protein calreticulin has been suggested to play a role as a Ca2+ storage protein of intracellular Ca+ stores. To test this hypothesis, we have generated a mouse L fibroblast cell line stably transfected with a calreticulin expression vector. The calreticulin content of the overexpressers was increased by 1.6 +/- 0.2-fold compared with mock-transfected cells. The total cellular Ca2+ content of calreticulin-overexpressing and control cells, as assessed by equilibrium 45Ca+2 uptake, was 141 +/- 8 and 67 +/- 6 pmol of Ca2+/10(6) cells, respectively (i.e. a 2.1 +/- 0.2-fold increase in the Ca2+ content of calreticulin-overexpressing cells). Over 80% of the increased Ca2+ content was found within thapsigargin-sensitive Ca2+ stores. The pattern of calreticulin distribution, revealed by immunofluorescence microscopy, showed an endoplasmic reticulum-like pattern and was identical in overexpressers and control cells. In overexpressers, cytosolic free [Ca2+] elevations due to Ca2+ release were enhanced when either ATP or a combination of ionomycin and thapsigargin was used as a stimulus. In contrast, thapsigargin-induced Ca2+ and Mn2+ influxes from the extracellular space were markedly diminished in calreticulin-overexpressing cells, suggesting an active involvement of calreticulin in the regulation of store-operated Ca2+ influx.
Contribution of eIF-4E inhibition to the expression and activity of heparanase in human colon adenocarcinoma cell line: LS-174T (2003)

eIF-4E is involved in the regulation of heparanase production in colon adenocarcinoma cell line LS-174T, and its critical function makes it a particularly interesting target for heparanase regulation. This targeting strategy in antisense chemistry may have practical applications in experimental or clinical anti-metastatic gene therapy of human colorectal carcinoma.
Abatacept for rheumatoid arthritis (2009)

There is moderate-level evidence that abatacept is efficacious and safe in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Abatacept should not be used in combination with other biologics to treat rheumatoid arthritis. The withdrawal and toxicity profile appears acceptable at the present time but further long-term studies and post-marketing surveillance are required to assess harms and sustained efficacy.
Use of Yucca schidigera Extract in Broiler Diets and Its Effects on Performance Results Obtained with Different Coccidiosis Control Methods (2007)

A trial was conducted to assess the effects of the dietary supplement Yucca schidigera extract on the performance of broilers subjected to different coccidiosis control methods. Six hundred male broiler chicks were randomly allocated to 1 of 5 treatments with 4 replicates each. The treatments were as follows: T1, vaccinated against coccidiosis; T2, nonvaccinated, a dietary coccidiostat; T3, vaccinated against coccidiosis, diet supplemented with Y. schidigera extract (0.01%); T4, coccidiostat plus Y. schidigera extract added to feed (0.01%); and T5, nonvaccinated, nonsupplemented control. The parameters analyzed were bird performance and morphology of the intestinal mucosal surface. The intestinal villi were higher at 6 d of age in broilers treated with coccidiostats or vaccinated against coccidiosis and supplemented with Y. schidigera extract compared with groups receiving the vaccine only or no treatment. Addition of the Y. schidigera extract to the diet of vaccinated birds improved average daily gain and feed conversion rate at 42 d of age compared with the other treatments, suggesting there might be a beneficial, synergistic effect between the coccidiosis vaccine and the Y. schidigera extract.
Improved vectors and genome-wide libraries for CRISPR screening (2014)

Genome-wide, targeted loss-of-function pooled screens using the CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindrome repeats)?associated nuclease Cas9 in human and mouse cells provide an alternative screening system to RNA interference (RNAi). Initial lentiviral delivery systems for CRISPR screening had low viral titer or required a cell line already expressing Cas9, limiting the range of biological systems amenable to screening. In this work, we present 1- and 2-vector lentiCRISPR systems capable of producing higher viral titers and, in these vectors, new human and mouse libraries for genome-scale CRISPR knock-out (GeCKO) screening.
In Vivo Effect of Uncoupling Agents on the Incorporation of Calcium and Strontium into Mitochondria and Other Subcellular Fractions of Rat Liver (1967)

After injection of (45)Ca(++) or (89)Sr(++) into rats, the largest part of the radioactivity in the liver cell is associated with the subcellular structures, only negligible amounts of it being found in the soluble hyaloplasm. 50 % or more of the (45)Ca(++) and (89)Sr(++) in the liver cell is recovered in the mitochondrial fraction. The specific activity of Ca(++) after injection of (45)Ca(++) is far greater in mitochondria than in microsomes. Pretreatment of the rats with uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation markedly decreases the amount of radioactivity associated with the mitochondrial fraction. The amount of radioactivity recovered in the microsomes and in the final supernatant on the contrary increases. These effects are present only when mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is completely uncoupled. The Ca(++) content of mitochondria from the livers of rats pretreated with uncouplers is sharply decreased with respect to the controls. It is concluded that in the liver cells of the intact animal energy-linked movements of Ca(++) and Sr(++) take place in mitochondria.
Kahalalide K:  A New Cyclic Depsipeptide from the Hawaiian Green Alga <i>Bryopsis</i> Species (1999)

Kahalalide K (1), a new cyclic depsipeptide, was isolated from the Hawaiian green alga Bryopsis sp. Kahalalide K was determined to possess a new array of three L- and three D-amino acids, including a 3-hydroxy-9-methyldecanoic acid that had been previously reported in kahalalides E, H, and J.
Anabolic and Catabolic Regimens of Human Parathyroid Hormone 1–34 Elicit Bone- and Envelope-Specific Attenuation of Skeletal Effects in Sost-Deficient Mice (2011)

PTH is a potent calcium-regulating factor that has skeletal anabolic effects when administered intermittently or catabolic effects when maintained at consistently high levels. Bone cells express PTH receptors, but the cellular responses to PTH in bone are incompletely understood. Wnt signaling has recently been implicated in the osteo-anabolic response to the hormone. Specifically, the Sost gene, a major antagonist of Wnt signaling, is down-regulated by PTH exposure. We investigated this mechanism by treating Sost-deficient mice and their wild-type littermates with anabolic and catabolic regimens of PTH and measuring the skeletal responses. Male Sost(+/+) and Sost(-/-) mice were injected daily with human PTH 1-34 (0, 30, or 90 μg/kg) for 6 wk. Female Sost(+/+) and Sost(-/-) mice were continuously infused with vehicle or high-dose PTH (40 μg/kg · d) for 3 wk. Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry-derived measures of intermittent PTH (iPTH)-induced bone gain were impaired in Sost(-/-) mice. Further probing revealed normal or enhanced iPTH-induced cortical bone formation rates but concomitant increases in cortical porosity among Sost(-/-) mice. Distal femur trabecular bone was highly responsive to iPTH in Sost(-/-) mice. Continuous PTH (cPTH) infusion resulted in equal bone loss in Sost(+/+) and Sost(-/-) mice as measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. However, distal femur trabecular bone, but not lumbar spine trabecular bone, was spared the bone-wasting effects of cPTH in Sost(-/-) mice. These results suggest that changes in Sost expression are not required for iPTH-induced anabolism. iPTH-induced resorption of cortical bone might be overstimulated in Sost-deficient environments. Furthermore, Sost deletion protects some trabecular compartments, but not cortical compartments, from bone loss induced by high-dose PTH infusion.
Sterols of <i>Chlorella</i>. II. The Occurrence of an Unusual Sterol Mixture in <i>Chlorella vulgaris</i> (1967)

The first identification of a sterol in Chlorella was by Klosty and Bergmann (5) in 1952 when they isolated ergosterol from Chlorella pyrenoidosa. More recently, Otsuka (6) identified ergosterol and a A5 sterol in Chlorella ellipsoidea. Ergosterol was the principal component of the mixture. Recent work in this laboratory has been centered about the identi- fication of sterols from other species of Chlorella. A mixture of the A5 sterols, 'poriferasterol, cliona- sterol, and 22-dihydrobrassicasterol was 'found (7) in C. ellipsoidea and C. saccharophila, but no ergo- sterol was detected. Chlorella vulgaris was shown to contain chondrillasterol as its prin,cipal sterol com- ponent, and although 2 other sterols were present in significant quantities, they were not isolated. Since plant sterols are known to have an effect on animal metajbolism, and algae are being considered as future sources of food, it is important that we know the sterol composition of these algae. This paper de- scribes the isolation and identification of each of the 2 unknown sterols occurring in C. vulgaris. iCells of Chlorella vzlgaris Beyer., Emerson's strain, were grown heterotrophically on 'basal inor- ganic medium containing 0.5 % glucose in 15-liter carboys equipped with bubbling tubes for air (3). The cells were harvested in a Sharples Super Centri- fuge and freeze-dried before extraction. Average yield was 3 grams dry weight per liter. Lipid material was extracted from the cells with acetone in a soxhlet apparatus, saponified under nitrogen, and the non- saponifiable matter extracted with ether in a liquidliquid extraction apparatus. The non-saponifiable lipid was fractionated as described by Hef'tmann et al.
Occurrence and Characterization of Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae: Report from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program (2000–2004) (2006)

Emergence and dissemination of Enterobacteriaceae isolates harboring carbapenemases in various geographic regions represents a significant threat to the management of nosocomial infections. Enterobacteriaceae isolates from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program (2000-2004) demonstrating decreased susceptibility to imipenem and meropenem (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC], > or =2 mg/L) were evaluated for the production of metallo-beta-lactamases and serine carbapenemases using disk approximation and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests. Carbapenemase-producing strains were epidemiologically typed by automated riboprinting and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to establish clonality. Among 37,557 Enterobacteriaceae (5 genus groups) evaluated, 119 (0.32%) had increased carbapenem MIC values, and a carbapenemase was identified in 51 (42.9%) of these strains. KPC-2 and KPC-3 were the most frequently occurring carbapenemases (24 isolates, 20.2%) in the United States and were detected in Klebsiella spp, Citrobacter spp., Enterobacter spp., and Serratia marcescens strains isolated in New York, Arkansas, and Virginia. SME-2-producing S. marcescens were isolated in the New York City area, Texas, and Ohio, while NMC-A was found in one E. cloacae strain from New York. In contrast, metallo-beta-lactamases were prevalent in Europe. IMP-1-producing E. cloacae (11 isolates) were detected in Turkey, while VIM-1-producing strains were found in Italy (Enterobacter spp.) and Greece (Klebsiella pneumoniae). Clonal dissemination of carbapenemase-producing strains was observed in several medical centers on both continents. The occurrence of carbapenemases in various Enterobacteriaceae remains rare but appears to be spreading geographically (not in Latin America), mainly with metallo-beta-lactamases being found in Mediterranean Europe and KPC enzymes in the New York City area.
Bioconversion of Forest and Agricultural Plant Residues (1993)

Fermentation of pentoses from wood hydrolysates structure/activity relationships in cellulases substrate factors limiting enzyme hydrolysis saccharification and fermentation of cellulosic substrates to ethanol pentose fermentation to alcohol production of sugars from ligno- and cellulosics: basic research and pilot studies economic analyses of integrating a biomass to ethanol plant into a pulp/saw mill substrate analysis of forest and agricultural wastes stream pretreatment of lignocellulosics hemicellulases for industrial applications cellulase production simulation of processes for conversion of lignocellulosics.
Asymmetric Reductions. XIII. Optically Active Benzyl-α-d Alcohol and n-Butyl-1-d Alcohol via Reduction by Actively Fermenting Yeast (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAsymmetric Reductions. XIII. Optically Active Benzyl-α-d Alcohol and n-Butyl-1-d Alcohol via Reduction by Actively Fermenting YeastVictor E. Althouse, Dorothy M. Feigl, W. A. Sanderson, and Harry S. MosherCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 15, 3595–3599Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00967a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00967a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views123Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Automated SEM and TEM sample preparation applied to copper/low k materials (2001)

We describe the use of automated microcleaving for preparation of both SEM and TEM samples as done by SELA's new MC500 and TEMstation tools. The MC500 is an automated microcleaving tool that is capable of producing cleaves with 0.25 j.un accuracy resulting in SEM-ready samples. The TEMstation is capable of taking a sample output from the MC500 (or from SELA's earlier MC200 tool) and producing a FIB ready slice of 25 k5 p q mounted on a TEM-washer and ready for FIB thinning to electron transparency for TEM analysis. The materials selected for the tool set evaluation mainly included the Cu/TaN/HOSP low-k system. The paper is divided into three sections, experimental approach, SEM preparation and analysis of HOSP low-k, and TEM preparation and analysis of CdTaNiHOSP low-k samples. For the samples discussed, data is presented to show the quality of preparation provided by these new automated tools.
Classical immunomodulatory therapy in multiple sclerosis: how it acts, how it works (2011)

Although the precise mechanisms how IFNβ and GA achieve their therapeutics effects remain unclear, these drugs have recognized beneficial effects and possess good safety and tolerability profiles. The large clinical experience in treating MS patients with these drugs along almost two decades deserves to be emphasized, at a time where the appearance of drugs with more selective mechanisms of action, but potentially less safer, pave the way to a better selection of the most appropriate individualized treatment.
Pyridopyrimidines. 11. Synthesis of 5-deaza-5-oxoaminopterin and related compounds (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPyridopyrimidines. 11. Synthesis of 5-deaza-5-oxoaminopterin and related compoundsAnanthachari Srinivasan and Arthur D. BroomCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 19, 3746–3748Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01307a004https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01307a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views172Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Using the magnetosome to model effective gene‐based contrast for magnetic resonance imaging (2012)

Formation of iron biominerals is a naturally occurring phenomenon, particularly among magnetotactic bacteria which produce magnetite (Fe(3) O(4) ) in a subcellular compartment termed the magnetosome. Under the control of numerous genes, the magnetosome serves as a model upon which to (1) develop gene-based contrast in mammalian cells and (2) provide a mechanism for reporter gene expression in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). There are two main components to the magnetosome: the biomineral and the lipid bilayer that surrounds it. Both are essential for magnetotaxis in a variety of magnetotactic bacteria, but nonessential for cell survival. Through comparative genome analysis, a subset of genes characteristic of the magnetotactic phenotype has been found both within and outside a magnetosome genomic island. The functions of magnetosome-associated proteins reflect the complex nature of this intracellular structure and include vesicle formation, cytoskeletal attachment, iron transport, and crystallization. Examination of magnetosome genes and structure indicates a protein-directed and stepwise assembly of the magnetosome compartment. Attachment of magnetosomes along a cytoskeletal filament aligns the magnetic particles such that the cell may be propelled along an external magnetic field. Interest in this form of magnetotaxis has prompted research in several areas of medicine, including magnetotactic bacterial targeting of tumors, MR-guided movement of magnetosome-bearing cells through vessels and molecular imaging of mammalian cells using MRI, and its hybrid modalities. The potential adaptation of magnetosome genes for noninvasive medical imaging provides new opportunities for development of reporter gene expression for MRI.