gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Context matters: In vivo and in vitro influences on muscle satellite cell activity (2008)

Abstract Skeletal muscle is formed during development by the progressive specification, proliferation, migration, and fusion of myoblasts to form terminally differentiated, contractile, highly patterned myofibers. Skeletal muscle is repaired or replaced postnatally by a similar process, involving a resident myogenic stem cell population referred to as satellite cells. In both cases, the activity of the myogenic precursor cells in question is regulated by local signals from the environment, frequently involving other, non‐muscle cell types. However, while the majority of studies on muscle development were done in the context of the whole embryo, much of the current work on muscle satellite cells has been done in vitro, or on satellite cell‐derived cell lines. While significant practical reasons for these approaches exist, it is almost certain that important influences from the context of the injured and regenerating muscle are lost, while potential tissue culture artifacts are introduced. This review will briefly address extracellular influences on satellite cells in vivo and in vitro that would be expected to impinge on their activity. J. Cell. Biochem. 105: 663–669, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nonlinear Component Analysis as a Kernel Eigenvalue Problem (1998)

A new method for performing a nonlinear form of principal component analysis is proposed. By the use of integral operator kernel functions, one can efficiently compute principal components in high-dimensional feature spaces, related to input space by some nonlinear map—for instance, the space of all possible five-pixel products in 16 × 16 images. We give the derivation of the method and present experimental results on polynomial feature extraction for pattern recognition.
[7‐(Dialkylamino)coumarin‐4‐yl]methyl‐Caged Compounds as Ultrafast and Effective Long‐Wavelength Phototriggers of 8Bromo‐Substituted Cyclic Nucleotides (2003)

[7-(Dimethylamino)coumarin-4-yl]methyl (DMACM) and [7-(diethylamino)coumarin-4-yl]methyl (DEACM) esters of 8-bromoadenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-Br-cAMP) and 8-bromoguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-Br-cGMP) are described as novel caged compounds for 8-bromo-substituted cyclic nucleotides. Synthesis is accomplished by treatment of the free acids of the cyclic nucleotides with the corresponding 7(dialkylamino)-substituted 4(diazomethyl)coumarins. Irradiation of the DMACM- and DEACM-caged cyclic nucleotides with UV light stimulates the release of the cyclic nucleotides within roughly a nanosecond. The new caged compounds are resistant to hydrolysis in aqueous buffers and exhibit long-wavelength absorption properties with maxima at 400 nm, high extinction coefficients, and high quantum yields (0.15-0.31). Their favorable properties render these compounds the most efficient and rapid phototriggers of 8-bromo-substituted cyclic nucleotides known. The usefulness of the compounds for physiological studies under nondamaging light conditions was examined in HEK293 cells expressing the alpha subunit of the cyclic-nucleotide-gated (CNG) channel of cone photoreceptors (CNGA3) and of olfactory neurons (CNGA2) by using confocal laser scanning microscopy and the patch clamp technique.
Reconversion of altered lead pigments in alpine mural paintings (1990)

Techniques of mural painting in middle and northern Europe differ from those of the classic type of Italian fresco. After a brief comparison of documentary evidence with actual alterations in colours on thirteenth- to eighteenth-century murals, the first complete reconversion of darkened lead white on northern secco painting is described. The vault at Castle Strechau in Styria was painted in fine secco colours over a priming layer of lead white and chalk in about 1580. The lead pigments have altered progressively over the last 120 years. The reasons for the chemical reactions are discussed and the results of reconversion using the Florentine method are reviewed.
Adaptive Variable-Length Coding for Efficient Compression of Spacecraft Television Data (1971)

An adaptive variable length coding system is presented. Although developed primarily for the proposed Grand Tour missions, many features of this system clearly indicate a much wider applicability. Using sample to sample prediction, the coding system produces output rates within 0.25 bit/picture element (pixel) of the onedimensional difference entropy for entropy values ranging from 0 to 8 bit/pixel. This is accomplished without the necessity of storing any code words. Performance improvements of 0.5 bit/pixel can be simply achieved by utilizing previous line correlation. A Basic Compressor, using concatenated codes, adapts to rapid changes in source statistics by automatically selecting one of three codes to use for each block of 21 pixels. The system adapts to less frequent, but more dramatic, changes in source statistics by adjusting the mode in which the Basic Compressor operates on a line-to-line basis. Furthermore, the compression system is independent of the quantization requirements of the pulse-code modulation system.
Application of the Conductance Measurement Technique for Detection of Streptococcus salivarius ssp. thermophilus Phages (1991)

Conductance measurement for the detection of Streptococcus salivarius ssp. thermophilus phages was carried out using the Malthus growth an~yzer sy~te~. Phage activity on a senSItive stram IS revealed by a delay in the conductance detection time or a change in the trend of the conductance curve. Analysis of the conductance curve leads to the detection of phage-resistant secondary cultures. The inverse proportion existing between the number of phages and the conductance values recorded at a given time permit evaluation of phage numbers in a sample.
Locating a catheter transducer in a three-dimensional ultrasound imaging field (2001)

Cardiac procedures rely on fluoroscopy for catheter guidance and visualization. However, fluoroscopy provides poor contrast of myocardial structures and exposes both the patient and health care providers to ionizing radiation. As an alternative to fluoroscopy, real-time three-dimensional (3-D) ultrasound imaging has the potential to provide a safe means for tracking catheter position in 3-D while simultaneously imaging the heart's anatomy. A method is described for locating a catheter-mounted transducer in the 3-D ultrasound imaging field. The distance from the imaging transducer to the catheter transducer is measured by time of flight, while the angular position is determined by a spatial crosscorrelation of the received signals with stored receive profiles. Results from simulations with 20-dB SNR demonstrated a mean accuracy of 0.22 +/- 0.13 mm at a 70-mm range. In vitro testing showed a resolution of 0.23 +/- 0.11 mm at a range of 75 mm and a resolution of 0.47 +/- 0.47 mm at a range of 97 mm. With combined catheter position and imaging, this tracking method has the potential to replace fluoroscopy and enhance interventional procedures.
Serum RNase in the diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma. (1979)

Serum RNase (RNase I; ribonuclease 3'-pyrimidino-oligonucleotidohydrolase, EC 3.1.4.22) activity (mean +/- SD) with polycytidine as substrate was determined in normal individuals (24.9 +/- 3.0 units/ml) and in patients with pancreatic cancer (37.3 +/- 14.8), pancreatitis (38.5 +/- 12.6), nonpancreatic diseases (48.7 +/- 14.8), or renal failure (175.8 +/- 92.8). Patients with pancreatic cancer could not be distinguished from those with pancreatitis or with nonpancreatic disease, although the RNase activities in all of these differed from the activity in normal individuals. The serum RNase activities of four patients with resectable "curable") pancreatic carcinoma and two others with advanced pancreatic cancer without obstructive jaundice were normal. After total pancreatectomy, serum RNase activity remained in the high-normal range. The data presented here and data in the literature show that serum RNase cannot be of primarily pancreatic origin. The present study also demonstrates that measurement of its activity is not useful in early detection of pancreatic cancer.
Structural DNA Nanotechnology: State of the Art and Future Perspective (2014)

Over the past three decades DNA has emerged as an exceptional molecular building block for nanoconstruction due to its predictable conformation and programmable intra- and intermolecular Watson-Crick base-pairing interactions. A variety of convenient design rules and reliable assembly methods have been developed to engineer DNA nanostructures of increasing complexity. The ability to create designer DNA architectures with accurate spatial control has allowed researchers to explore novel applications in many directions, such as directed material assembly, structural biology, biocatalysis, DNA computing, nanorobotics, disease diagnosis, and drug delivery. This Perspective discusses the state of the art in the field of structural DNA nanotechnology and presents some of the challenges and opportunities that exist in DNA-based molecular design and programming.
HiTRACE-Web: an online tool for robust analysis of high-throughput capillary electrophoresis (2013)

To facilitate the analysis of large-scale high-throughput capillary electrophoresis data, we previously proposed a suite of efficient analysis software named HiTRACE (High Throughput Robust Analysis of Capillary Electrophoresis). HiTRACE has been used extensively for quantitating data from RNA and DNA structure mapping experiments, including mutate-and-map contact inference, chromatin footprinting, the Eterna RNA design project and other high-throughput applications. However, HiTRACE is based on a suite of command-line MATLAB scripts that requires nontrivial efforts to learn, use and extend. Here, we present HiTRACE-Web, an online version of HiTRACE that includes standard features previously available in the command-line version and additional features such as automated band annotation and flexible adjustment of annotations, all via a user-friendly environment. By making use of parallelization, the on-line workflow is also faster than software implementations available to most users on their local computers. Free access: http://hitrace.org.
Adaptive transparent impedance reflecting teleoperation (2002)

To achieve transparency for teleoperation in unknown or time varying environments a class of indirect adaptive bilateral control schemes is developed based on the Slotine-Li (1989) "composite adaptive control" schemes and the "impedance bilateral control" architecture presented by Hannaford (1989). The proposed controllers need master and slave position, velocity and acceleration measurements and require no force sensing. Numerical simulations are worked out to demonstrate the transparency and robustness of the controllers to time delay.
Single-lobe, orthonormal-beam surface emission from 2nd-order DFB/DBR lasers with half-wave grating phase shift (2003)

The use of a 180/spl deg/ (central) grating phase shift has allowed single-mode surface emission in a single-lobe, orthonormal beam pattern from 2nd-order DFB/DBR InGaAs/AlGaAs DQW lasers.
Foreign Body Infection Models to Study Host-Pathogen Response and Antimicrobial Tolerance of Bacterial Biofilm (2014)

The number of implanted medical devices is steadily increasing and has become an effective intervention improving life quality, but still carries the risk of infection. These infections are mainly caused by biofilm-forming staphylococci that are difficult to treat due to the decreased susceptibility to both antibiotics and host defense mechanisms. To understand the particular pathogenesis and treatment tolerance of implant-associated infection (IAI) animal models that closely resemble human disease are needed. Applications of the tissue cage and catheter abscess foreign body infection models in the mouse will be discussed herein. Both models allow the investigation of biofilm and virulence of various bacterial species and a comprehensive insight into the host response at the same time. They have also been proven to serve as very suitable tools to study the anti-adhesive and anti-infective efficacy of different biomaterial coatings. The tissue cage model can additionally be used to determine pharmacokinetics, efficacy and cytotoxicity of antimicrobial compounds as the tissue cage fluid can be aspirated repeatedly without the need to sacrifice the animal. Moreover, with the advance in innovative imaging systems in rodents, these models may offer new diagnostic measures of infection. In summary, animal foreign body infection models are important tools in the development of new antimicrobials against IAI and can help to elucidate the complex interactions between bacteria, the host immune system, and prosthetic materials.
The effects of chronic oral administration of verapamil on thyroid function in rat (2006)

Introduction: Verapamil, a phenylalkylamin –type Ca 2+ channel blocker, is widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders especially as an antiaryhthmic and antiangina agent. Theoretically, calcium can influence thyroid function and there are evidences that Ca 2+ channel blockers are able to interfere with thyroid function. In this study, the effects of chronic oral administration of verapamil on thyroid function of male Wistar rats were investigated. Methods: Study was performed on 5 groups of animals; groups 1 to 3 were treated with verapamil at doses of 10, 20 and 50 mg /kg respectively for two months via oral tube. Sham group received only distilled water, while control group received neither verapamil nor distilled water. At the end of this period animals were anaesthetized, abdomen was opened and blood samples were obtained from abdominal aorta. The samples were centrifuged; sera were separated and stored at – 20 ◦ C until the time of the assays. Total triiodothyronine (TT 3 ), total thyroxin (TT 4 ), free triiodothyronine (FT 3 ) and free thyroxin (FT 4 ), T 3 uptake levels were assayed by ELISA (DRG). Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) was determined by radioimmunoassay using DRG kits. Results: Total T 4 level was significantly lower in sham (3.49 ± 0.1μg/dl) and verapamil dose 10 mg /kg (3.6±0.14) groups than in control group (4.5±0.34), while it was significantly higher in verapamil 50 mg /kg (4.24±0.2) group as compared to the sham group. Total T 3 concentration in verapamil 20 mg /kg group (62±8.9ng/ dl) was decreased significantly compared to the control group (103.3±14). Free T 3 and free T 4 were significantly lower in sham group (p<0.005) compared to control group, while it was increased in verapamil groups of 20 and 50 mg /kg compared to sham group. Level of T 3 up-take was decreased significantly (p<0.005) in sham (20.97±1.49%) and verapamil 20 (20.7±1.4) mg /kg compared to control group (27.6±1), while it was higher in verapamil 10 and 50 mg /kg groups than sham group. Thyroid stimulating hormone levels were similar in all groups. There were no significant differences in the T 3 /T 4 ratio and body weights on first and last day of the groups compared to control group. Conclusion: It can be concluded that long term oral administration of verapamil doesn’t have inhibitory effect on thyroid function, however it can block adverse effect of handling stress on thyroid function. Therefore, from thyroid function point of view, the drug can be used safely for the duration of this study.
Effects of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> enrichment on the growth and development of <i>Hymenocallis littoralis</i> (Amaryllidaceae) and the concentrations of several antineoplastic and antiviral constituents of its bulbs (2000)

Two 2-yr crops of tropical spider lily (Hymenocallis littoralis) plants were grown in field soil in clear-plastic-wall open-top enclosures in the Sonoran Desert environment of central Arizona. Half of the plants were exposed to ambient air of 400 ppm atmospheric CO(2) concentration and half of them were exposed to air of 700 ppm CO(2). This 75% increase in the air's CO(2) content resulted in a 48% increase in aboveground plant biomass and a 56% increase in belowground (bulb) biomass. It also increased the concentrations of five bulb constituents that have been demonstrated to possess anticancer and antiviral activities. Mean percentage increases in these concentrations were 6% for a two-constituent (1:1) mixture of 7-deoxynarciclasine and 7-deoxy-trans-dihydronarciclasine, 8% for pancratistatin, 8% for trans-dihydronarciclasine, and 28% for narciclasine, for a mean active ingredient percentage concentration increase of 12%. Combined with the 56% increase in bulb biomass, these percentage concentration increases resulted in a mean active ingredient increase of 75% for the 75% increase in the air's CO(2) concentration used in our experiments.
<i>Phlebotomus papatasi</i>Saliva Inhibits Protein Phosphatase Activity and Nitric Oxide Production by Murine Macrophages (1998)

Leishmania parasites, transmitted by phlebotomine sand flies, are obligate intracellular parasites of macrophages. The sand fly Phlebotomus papatasi is the vector of Leishmania major, a causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Old World, and its saliva exacerbates parasite proliferation and lesion growth in experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis. Here we show that P. papatasi saliva contains a potent inhibitor of protein phosphatase 1 and protein phosphatase 2A of murine macrophages. We further demonstrate that P. papatasi saliva down regulates expression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase gene and reduces nitric oxide production in murine macrophages. Partial biochemical characterization of the protein phosphatase and nitric oxide inhibitor indicated that it is a small, ethanol-soluble molecule resistant to boiling, proteolysis, and DNase and RNase treatments. We suggest that the P. papatasi salivary protein phosphatase inhibitor interferes with the ability of activated macrophages to transmit signals to the nucleus, thereby preventing up regulation of the induced nitric oxide synthase gene and inhibiting the production of nitric oxide. Since nitric oxide is toxic to intracellular parasites, the salivary protein phosphatase inhibitor may be the mechanism by which P. papatasi saliva exacerbates cutaneous leishmaniasis.
A politica publica educacional : enunciados de acoes e consequencias (2014)

O artigo propoe a aproximacao transversal entre politicas publicas educacionais e politica industrial, ciencia e a tecnologia, educacao superior e educacao basica, are- nas que se assumem distintas e atores que, mesmo quando coincidentes, se comportam de forma diversa, ocasionando perdas para o Pais.
Effect of pH on Dicarboxylic Acids Extraction by Amine-Based Extractants (2003)

The work presented here studies the effect of pH on the extraction of malic, maleic, and glutaric acids by Primene JMT, tris(2-ethylhexyl)amine , and tri-n-octylamine and the IR and NMR spectra of the formed organic phases. Three categories were found: (1) In the first case, the extractant is a weaker base than both anions of the acid, i.e., pHhn < pKa1 < pKa2. The undissociated acid is the dominant species in the organic phase. Extraction is mainly due to H-bonding or solvation interactions and shows a drop-off at pH ≈ pKa1. (2) For systems in which pKa1 < pHhn < pKa2, at acid-to-amine molar ratios greater than 1, undissociated acid is above-stoichiometrically extracted, R3NH+···AH-···HAH, in addition to ion-paired acid. As the pH is increased, the undissociated acid is neutralized first. Thus, the extraction curve shows a drop-off at pH ≈ pKa1. At stoichiometric loading, the monovalent ion pair, R3NH+···AH-, becomes the dominant species. Upon further pH elevation, the protonated amine R3NH+ is the neutralized acid. (3) In systems where pKa1 < pKa2 < pHhn, the divalent ion pair R3NH+···A2-···+HNR3 is formed. Thus, the extraction curve shows an additional drop-off at pH ≈ pKa2.
Identification of a hormonally regulated protein tyrosine phosphatase associated with bone and testicular differentiation. (1994)

Absence of the tyrosine kinase activity of c-src and c-fms results in impairment of bone remodeling. Such dysfunction underscores the importance of tyrosine phosphorylation, yet the role of protein tyrosine phosphatases in bone metabolism remains unexamined. We have isolated the cDNA for a novel receptor-like tyrosine phosphatase expressed in bone and testis named osteotesticular protein tyrosine phosphatase (OST-PTP). The deduced 1711-residue protein possesses an extracellular domain with 10 fibronectin type III repeats and a cytoplasmic region with two catalytic domains. In primary rat osteoblasts, the 5.8-kilobase OST-PTP transcript is up-regulated in differentiating cultures and down-regulated in late stage mineralizing cultures. In addition, a presumed alternate transcript of 4.8-5.0 kilobases, which may lack PTP domains, is present in proliferating osteoblasts, but not detectable at other stages. Parathyroid hormone, a modulator of bone function, as well as cyclic AMP analogues, increase OST-PTP mRNA 5-8-fold in UMR 106 cells. In situ hybridization of adult rat testis revealed stage-specific expression of OST-PTP. OST-PTP may function in signaling pathways during bone remodeling, as well as serve a broader role in cell interactions associated with differentiation in bone and testis.
Reversal of Pathology in the Entire Brain of Mucopolysaccharidosis Type VII Mice after Lentivirus-Mediated Gene Transfer (2000)

Gene transfer vectors derived from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) efficiently transduce nondividing cells and remain stably integrated in their genome. Long-term expression of reporter genes has been documented after intracerebral injection of these vectors. Using a HIV-based vector, we looked for a reversal of brain damage in the beta-glucuronidase-deficient mucopolysaccharidosis type VII mouse, an animal model of human lysosomal storage diseases. The vector suspension was injected stereotactically in the brain of 10-week-old animals, an age at which storage lesions are patent in glia, perivascular cells, and neurons. Either a single intrastriatal injection or multiple injections in both cerebral hemispheres and in the cerebellum were performed. Local tolerance, enzyme delivery, and correction of storage lesions were investigated by comprehensive analysis of serial sections of the entire brain of mice killed 6 or 16 weeks postinjection. Histochemical staining detected enzyme activity in widely distributed areas, the size of which increased with time. Clearance of lysosomal storage extended far beyond enzyme-positive areas. In mice receiving multiple injections of the vector, complete correction or significant reduction of the pathology was observed in every section, suggesting disease regression in the entire brain. These results may have implications for the treatment of neurological symptoms in lysosomal storage diseases.
iNOS Ablation Does Not Improve Specific Force of the Extensor Digitorum Longus Muscle in Dystrophin-Deficient mdx4cv Mice (2011)

Nitrosative stress compromises force generation in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Both inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and delocalized neuronal NOS (nNOS) have been implicated. We recently demonstrated that genetic elimination of nNOS significantly enhanced specific muscle forces of the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle of dystrophin-null mdx4cv mice (Li D et al J. Path. 223:88-98, 2011). To determine the contribution of iNOS, we generated iNOS deficient mdx4cv mice. Genetic elimination of iNOS did not alter muscle histopathology. Further, the EDL muscle of iNOS/ dystrophin DKO mice yielded specific twitch and tetanic forces similar to those of mdx4cv mice. Additional studies suggest iNOS ablation did not augment nNOS expression neither did it result in appreciable change of nitrosative stress markers in muscle. Our results suggest that iNOS may play a minor role in mediating nitrosative stress-associated force reduction in DMD.