gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunohistochemical detection of imidazolone and N(epsilon)-(carboxymethyl)lysine in aortas of hemodialysis patients. (1998)

The modification of long-lived proteins with advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) has been hypothesised to contribute to the development of pathologies associated with uremia. Imidazolone and N(epsilon)-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) are common epitopes of AGE-modified proteins. Imidazolone is a reaction product of arginine with 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG) which is markedly accumulated in uremic serum. CML is produced by glycoxidation, and represents a marker of oxidative stress. The specificity of anti-imidazolone antibody that we had developed was further examined using ELISA. The antibody reacted only with imidazolone derived from 3-DG and arginine, but did not react at all with the other imidazolone-like compounds such as reaction products of glyoxal, methylglyoxal, glucosone with arginine or a reaction product of 3-DG with creatine. Further, to determine if AGEs are involved in the development of atherosclerosis in hemodialysis (HD) patients, we studied the localisation of imidazolone and CML in the aortas obtained from HD patients by immunohistochemistry using the anti-imidazolone and anti-CML antibodies. Imidazolone and CML were localised in all atherosclerotic aortic walls of the HD patients. In conclusion, imidazolone and CML are localised in the characteristic lesions of atherosclerosis in HD patients. These results strongly suggest that imidazolone produced by 3-DG, and CML produced by glycoxidation may contribute to the development of atherosclerosis in uremic patients.
Simple space-time coded SS-CDMA systems capable of perfect MUI/ISI elimination (2001)

In this letter we propose a very simple strategy for combining space-time block coding (STBC) with code division multiple access (CDMA) to be used in single-user links or in broadcasting over time-dispersive channels. The proposed system provides the desired space diversity gain and is capable of perfect cancellation of multiuser interference (MUI) and intersymbol interference (ISI), using a very simple receiver structure. The advantage is obtained by simply incorporating cyclic prefixes in the user codes. We provide a theoretical analysis, verified via simulation results, and a comparison between CDMA and OFDMA systems incorporating STBC.
Amino acid sequence of human prothrombin fragments 1 and 2. (1977)

The amino acid sequence of the nonthrombin half of human prothrombin is presented. Prothrombin fragment 1 has 155 amino acid residues as compared with 156 for the bovine equivalent. Ten gamma-carboxyglutamic acid residues are at the same location in each species. Human prothrombin fragment 2 contains 118 amino acid residues, as does the similar bovine fragment. Comparing bovine and human prothrombin fragment 1 we found 131 residues to be identical (84%). In prothrombin fragment 2, 84 residues were identical (71%). Assuming a time span of 90 million years since the radiation of several orders of placental mammals, prothrombin fragments 1 and 2 incorporated one substitution site per 100 amino acid sites every 11.2 and 6.3 million years, respectively. Internal homology is acribed to partial gene duplication, with the most likely crossover point located between residues 60-61 and residues 165-166.
Influence of properties of Si&lt;inf&gt;3&lt;/inf&gt;N&lt;inf&gt;4&lt;/inf&gt; passivation layer on the electrical characteristics of Normally-off AlGaN/GaN HEMT (2013)

In this paper a comparison between two samples with two different SiN passivation layers was performed. An increment of the drain leakage current increasing the Si concentration in the SiN layer was observed. On the other hand, a similar behavior of dynamic RON was recorded. T-CAD simulations supported our hypothesis on the factors that cause parametric yield loss.
Fibrin Glue for Anal Fistulas (2003)

Fibrin-glue treatment of anal fistulas is successful in up to 69 percent of patients if initial failures are retreated. This sphincter-saving technique is associated with minimal complications and no functional detriment. Late recurrences are unusual.
LEUKOCYTE ADHESION DEFICIENCY: An Inherited Defect in the Mac-1, LFA-1, and p150,95 Glycoproteins (1987)

Leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) is a recently recognized autosomal-recessive trait characterized by recurrent bacterial infections, impaired pus formation and wound healing, and abnormalities in a wide spectrum of adherence-dependent functions of granulocytes, monocytes, and lymphoid cells. Features of this disease are attributable to deficiency (or absence) of cell surface expression of a family of functionally and structurally related glycoproteins. These include Mac-1 (complement receptor type 3), lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1), and p150,95. Defective biosynthesis of the beta chain shared by each molecule (comprised of alpha 1 beta 1 complexes) represents the fundamental molecular basis of this disease. Recognition of the molecular pathogenesis of this disorder has allowed rich insights into the role of cellular adherence reactions in inflammation and host defense.
Clinical Response Rates From Interleukin-2 Therapy for Metastatic Melanoma Over 30 Years’ Experience: A Meta-Analysis of 3312 Patients (2016)

Interleukin-2 (IL-2), initially used in 1986, can induce clinical regression-complete responses (CR) and partial responses (PR) of metastatic malignant melanoma. IL-2 has been used alone or in combination, and in different dosage schedules, as an immunotherapeutic agent for melanoma treatment. This meta-analysis aimed to document and evaluate the spectrum of reported clinical response rates from the combined experience of almost 30 years of IL-2 clinical usage. Clinical trials using IL-2 for metastatic melanoma therapy that reported: dosage, combinations, study details, definitions and clinical CR, PR, and overall response (OR) rates were included. A meta-analysis was conducted using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. In total, 34 studies met inclusion criteria, with 41 separate treatment arms. For all IL-2 treatment modalities collectively, the CR rate was 4.0% [95% confidence interval (CI), 2.8-5.3], PR 12.5% (95% CI, 10.1-15.0), and OR 19.7% (95% CI, 15.9-23.5). CR pre-1994 was 2.7% versus 6.1% post-1994. High and intermediate-IL-2 dosage showed no CR difference, while low-dose IL-2 showed a nonstatistical trend toward an increased CR rate. The highest CR rate resulted from IL-2 combined with vaccine at 5.0%. The meta-analysis showed that IL-2 immunotherapy for advanced metastatic melanoma delivered a CR rate of 4% (range, 0-23%) across nearly 30 years of clinical studies, with gradual improvement over time. The significance is that, contrary to popular belief, the data demonstrated that CR rates were similar for intermediate versus high-IL-2 dosing.
Braiding of Majorana Fermions in a Cavity (2019)

We study the dynamical process of braiding Majorana bound states (MBS) in the presence of the coupling to photons in a microwave cavity. We show theoretically that the π/4 phase associated with the braiding of MBS, as well as the parity of the ground state are imprinted into the photonic field of the cavity, which can be detected by dispersive readout techniques. These manifestations are purely dynamical, they occur in the absence of any splitting of the MBS that are exchanged, and they disappear in the static setups studied previously. Conversely, the cavity can affect the braiding phase, which in turn should allow for cavity controlled braiding.
Influenza and vaccinia viruses expressing malaria CD8+ T and B cell epitopes. Comparison of their immunogenicity and capacity to induce protective immunity. (1994)

We compared the effectiveness of several recombinant influenza and vaccinia viruses to induce a malaria-specific immune response. The CD8+ T cell epitope of the circumsporozoite (CS) protein of Plasmodium yoelii, a rodent malaria parasite, was expressed in two distinct influenza virus proteins, the hemagglutinin and the neuraminidase. These recombinant viruses were found to be equally efficient at inducing CS-specific CD8+ T cells in mice. A third recombinant virus, which expresses a B cell epitope of the CS protein, induced neutralizing anti-sporozoite Abs. Expression in the same recombinant virus of the CD8+ T cell epitope and of the B cell epitope did not impair the capacity of this recombinant virus to induce malaria-specific CD8+ T cells and neutralizing Abs. The immunogenicity of a vaccinia virus, expressing the entire CS protein, was compared with that of a highly attenuated vaccinia strain expressing the same protein and with that of another vaccinia virus expressing only the CD8+ T cell epitope. All three vaccinia virus recombinants elicited CS-specific CD8+ cells and a potent inhibitory response against pre-erythrocytic stages of malaria parasites. Optimal levels of anti-sporozoite Abs, inhibition of liver stage development, and protection against malaria infection resulted from repeatedly immunizing the animals with recombinant influenza viruses followed by boosters with a recombinant vaccinia virus. These findings support the concept that live viral vectors expressing the appropriate proteins and/or epitopes can be used as promising vaccine candidates.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIVE DISPERSE DYES PART 1, REACTIVITY INVOLVING NITRENE INTERMEDIATE FROM AZIDO GROUP (1973)

Abstract Die Farbstoffe des Typs (I) werden durch Diazotierung der entsprechenden Aminoanthrachinone und nachfolgende Behandlung mit wäßrigem Na‐azid in hoher Ausbeute dargestellt.
Modernizing and designing evaluation frameworks for connected sensor technologies in medicine (2020)

This manuscript is focused on the use of connected sensor technologies, including wearables and other biosensors, for a wide range of health services, such as collecting digital endpoints in clinical trials and remotely monitoring patients in clinical care. The adoption of these technologies poses five risks that currently exceed our abilities to evaluate and secure these products: (1) validation, (2) security practices, (3) data rights and governance, (4) utility and usability; and (5) economic feasibility. In this manuscript we conduct a landscape analysis of emerging evaluation frameworks developed to better manage these risks, broadly in digital health. We then propose a framework specifically for connected sensor technologies. We provide a pragmatic guide for how to put this evaluation framework into practice, taking lessons from concepts in drug and nutrition labels to craft a connected sensor technology label.
Reaction of sulfur mustard gas, soman and agent VX with nanosized anatase TiO<sub>2</sub> and ferrihydrite (2005)

Abstract Homogeneous hydrolysis of titanium oxo‐sulfate and iron(III) sulfate has been used to prepare anatase TiO 2 and ferrihydrite with high specific surface area. Resulting samples were characterised by specific surface area (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method) and porosity (Barrett–Joyner–Halenda method) measurements, X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The samples of anatase TiO 2 and ferrihydrite were evaluated for their ability to degrade chemical warfare agents (sulfur mustard gas, soman and agent VX) to non‐toxic products. The largest percentage of mustard gas converted into non‐toxic products after the completion of the reaction was 99%. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Surface splatting (2001)

Modern laser range and optical scanners need rendering techniques that can handle millions of points with high resolution textures. This paper describes a point rendering and texture filtering technique called surface splatting which directly renders opaque and transparent surfaces from point clouds without connectivity. It is based on a novel screen space formulation of the Elliptical Weighted Average (EWA) filter. Our rigorous mathematical analysis extends the texture resampling framework of Heckbert to irregularly spaced point samples. To render the points, we develop a surface splat primitive that implements the screen space EWA filter. Moreover, we show how to optimally sample image and procedural textures to irregular point data during pre-processing. We also compare the optimal algorithm with a more efficient view-independent EWA pre-filter. Surface splatting makes the benefits of EWA texture filtering available to point-based rendering. It provides high quality anisotropic texture filtering, hidden surface removal, edge anti-aliasing, and order-independent transparency.
Sequence and Organization of pXO1, the Large <i>Bacillus anthracis</i> Plasmid Harboring the Anthrax Toxin Genes (1999)

The Bacillus anthracis Sterne plasmid pXO1 was sequenced by random, "shotgun" cloning. A circular sequence of 181,654 bp was generated. One hundred forty-three open reading frames (ORFs) were predicted using GeneMark and GeneMark.hmm, comprising only 61% (110,817 bp) of the pXO1 DNA sequence. The overall guanine-plus-cytosine content of the plasmid is 32.5%. The most recognizable feature of the plasmid is a "pathogenicity island," defined by a 44.8-kb region that is bordered by inverted IS1627 elements at each end. This region contains the three toxin genes (cya, lef, and pagA), regulatory elements controlling the toxin genes, three germination response genes, and 19 additional ORFs. Nearly 70% of the ORFs on pXO1 do not have significant similarity to sequences available in open databases. Absent from the pXO1 sequence are homologs to genes that are typically required to drive theta replication and to maintain stability of large plasmids in Bacillus spp. Among the ORFs with a high degree of similarity to known sequences are a collection of putative transposases, resolvases, and integrases, suggesting an evolution involving lateral movement of DNA among species. Among the remaining ORFs, there are three sequences that may encode enzymes responsible for the synthesis of a polysaccharide capsule usually associated with serotype-specific virulent streptococci.
Voluntary Control of Patterns of EEC Parietal Asymmetry: Cognitive Concomitants (1976)

ABSTRACT This experiment addressed two questions: is training for EEG parietal asymmetry using pattern biofeedback accompanied by predictable cognitive concomitants? and 2 are the cognitive concomitants of training for simultaneous bilateral activation of the hemispheres a simple additive combination of the two asymmetry patterns, or do they represent a unique to cognitive gestalt not readily predictable from the two asymmetry training conditions? Bilateral parietal EEG was recorded from 20 right handed subjects and filtered for 8–13 Hz activity. The four possible EEG patterns were quantified on line. All subjects received 12 min of EEG symmetry training (Lα off Rα on ‐Integration) and 12 min each of EEG asymmetry training (Lα off Rα on and Lα on Rα off Differentiation). Significant regulation of all three patterns was obtained. Analysis of post feedback questionnaires revealed that Lα off Rα on . regulation was associated with significantly more verbal cognitions, while the L α off Rα on pattern was associated with more visual cognitions, EEG symmetry regulation (Lα off Rα on ) produced a third pattern of cognitions different from both asymmetry conditions. The data suggest that feedback stabilized cortical patterning is associated with predictable cognitive concomitants and that puttern biofeedback procedures can be used to uncover the relationships between brain processes and subjective experience.
High-sensitivity visualisation of contaminants in heparin samples by spectral filtering of 1H NMR spectra (2011)

A novel application of two-dimensional correlation analysis has been employed to filter (1)H NMR heparin spectra distinguishing acceptable natural variation and the presence of foreign species. Analysis of contaminated heparin samples, compared to a dataset of accepted heparin samples using two-dimensional correlation spectroscopic analysis of their 1-dimensional (1)H NMR spectra, allowed the spectral features of contaminants to be recovered with high sensitivity, without having to resort to more complicated NMR experiments. Contaminants, which exhibited features distinct from those of heparin and those with features normally hidden within the spectral mass of heparin could be distinguished readily. A heparin sample which had been pre-mixed with a known contaminant, oversulfated chondroitin sulfate (OSCS), was tested against the heparin reference library. It was possible to recover the (1)H NMR spectrum of the OSCS component through difference 2D-COS power spectrum analysis of as little as 0.25% (w/w) with ease, and of 2% (w/w) for more challenging contaminants, whose NMR signals fell under those of heparin. The approach shows great promise for the quality control of heparin and provides the basis for greatly improved regulatory control for the analysis of heparin, as well as other intrinsically heterogeneous and varied products.
A system to investigate the remediation of organic vapors using microwave-induced plasma with fluidized carbon granules (2009)

This article describes a system to investigate the parameters for the remediation of organic vapors using microwave-induced plasma on fluidized carbon granules. The system is based on a single mode microwave apparatus with a variable power (2.45 GHz) generator. Carbon granules are fluidized in a silica tube situated in the sample section of a waveguide incorporating two additional ports to allow plasma intensity monitoring using a light sensor and imaging with a digital camera. A fluoroptic probe is used for in situ measurement of the carbon granule temperature, while the effluent gas temperature is measured with a thermocouple situated in the silica tube outside the cavity. Data acquisition and control software allow experiments using a variety of microwave power regimes while simultaneously recording the light intensity of any plasma generated within the carbon bed, together with its temperature. Evaluation using two different granular activated carbons and ethyl acetate, introduced as a vapor into the fluidizing air stream at a concentration of 1 ppm, yielded results which indicated that significant destruction of ethyl acetate, as monitored using a mass spectrometer, was achieved only with the carbon granules showing high plasma activity under pulsed microwave conditions. The system is therefore suitable for comparison of the relative microwave activities of various activated carbon granules and their performance in microwave remediation and regeneration.
A novel concept for a satellite-based maritime search and rescue system (1977)

Search and rescue (SAR) for both airborne and maritime vehicles has been an area of intense investigation for many years. Current techniques include employment of small distress transmitters which provide signals that have only a limited interception capability. This can considerably increase the search time and reduce its effectiveness. With the increased availability-existing and planned-of both synchronous and nonsynchronous satellites, SAR investigations are being directed toward the application of satellites. The present paper introduces the concept of satellite-based maritime search and rescue system (SAMSARS). This is a proposed pseudonoise (PN) wide-band spread spectrum system that would operate at low power levels and coexist with operational communication satellite systems (voice or data) without mutual interference. The use of existing operational satellite spectrum, instead of a dedicated distress channel or special satellites, is a major feature of SAMSARS. Other important aspects are its capability of providing unique identification and distress information in minutes following activation of the distress transmitter and its inherent immunity to false alarms. SAMSARS can also provide position location directly when three satellites are mutually visible or indirectly, by taking advantage of a vessel's on-board derived navigation data. This paper presents concept elements such as message structure, transmitter and receiver block diagrams, and unique features of SAMSARS. The paper also presents an operational example, including sample link power budgets, and finally specifies areas for further investigation.
Introduction (2002)

The study of the relation of the two systems describing the behavior of a gas, the fluid-dynamic system and the Boltzmann system, has a long history (Boltzmann [1896-98], Hilbert [1900, 1912], Chapman [1916], Enskog [1917], Grad [1949, 1963a, 1963b, 1969], Chapman & Cowling [1952], Darrozes [1969], Sone [1969, 1971, 1991a], Nishida [1978], Ukai & Asano [1983], Bardos, Golse & Levermore [1993, 2000], Maslova [1993], Bellomo [1995], Sone, Aoki, Takata, Sugimoto & Bobylev [1996], Arkeryd & Nonni [2000], Sone, Bardos, Golse & Sugimoto [2000], Bouchut, Golse & Pulvirenti [2000], etc.). The first mathematical analysis is the work of Hilbert, where the solution of the Boltzmann equation is obtained by expanding the velocity distribution function and the macroscopic variables, such as density, flow velocity, and temperature, in a power series of the Knudsen number (say, Kn). In this solution (or Hilbert solution or expansion), the velocity distribution function is expressed in terms of the component functions of the expansion of the macroscopic variables: density, flow velocity, and temperature (or pressure); a series of equations for these component functions of the macroscopic variables is given. [The set of equations for (component functions of) macroscopic variables that determines the behavior of a gas will be called fluid-dynamic-type equations.]
Health care's reformation (2009)

“We are experiencing a healthcare reformation,” writes Joanne Shaw this week (doi:10.1136/bmj.b1080). Like the Catholic church in 16th century Europe, which threw away its Latin texts interpretable only by the priesthood, medicine is being transformed. With varying degrees of enthusiasm, acceptance, and resignation, doctors are interacting with an increasingly web enabled laity.

Some of you may think the reformation is complete or at least has gone far enough. But anyone who has been or supported a patient in the past few years will know that medicine finds it hard to shake off its paternalistic tendencies. There is a long way to go before patients truly …
Asymmetric Synthesis and Biological Properties of Uncialamycin and 26‐<i>epi</i>‐Uncialamycin (2007)

The highly potent DNA-cleaving molecule uncialamycin (1) was prepared in an asymmetric total synthesis featuring an enantioselective Noyori reduction. Compound 1 and its C26 epimer exhibit impressive broad-spectrum antibacterial properties and highly potent antitumor activities against a variety of cell lines.
Aeroacoustics of Single and Multiple Supersonic Impinging Jets (2002)

In this paper, we describe the results of an ongoing extensive study on the aeroacoustic properties of single and dual supersonic impinging jets, such as those occurring in the next generation of STOVL aircraft. We conclusively demonstrate that the highly unsteady flowfield, ubiquitous in both configurations, is due to a feedback loop between the fluid and acoustic fields. This unsteady behavior can lead to a number of performance diminishing effects, collectively referred to as ground effect, when such flows occur in a STOVL aircraft during hover. A unique active control technique was attempted with the aim of disrupting the feedback loop both for single and dual impinging jets and diminishing the flow unsteadiness and ultimately reducing the adverse effects of this flow. Flow control was implemented by placing an array of very small (400 m) supersonic microjets around the periphery of the main jet(s). This control approach was very successful in disrupting the feedback loop in that the activation of the microjets led to dramatic reductions in the lift loss (as much as 40%), unsteady pressure loads (10-14 dB) and nearfield noise (6-8 dB). This relatively simple and highly effective control technique makes it a suitable candidate for implementation in practical aircraft systems.