gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ad-hoc and Hybrid Networks Performance Comparison of MANET Routing Protocols in Ad-hoc and Hybrid Networks (2004)

An ad-hoc network is an accumulation of wireless nodes forming a provisional network without any established infrastructure. Today, there exist various routing protocols for this environment. This paper compares the performance of some of them. Furthermore, the idea of extending a cellular network with ad-hoc routing facilities is haunted and the performance of some existing ad-hoc routing protocols is tested. The performance tests are done by using Network Simulator 2 (ns2). By doing the simulations the need of a routing protocol adapted to the new situation is shown.
Diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): revisiting the threshold values of follicle count on ultrasound and of the serum AMH level for the definition of polycystic ovaries (2011)

For the definition of PCOM, the former threshold of >12 for FN is no longer valid. A serum AMH >35 pmol/l (or >5 ng/ml) appears to be more sensitive and specific than a FN >19 and should be therefore included in the current diagnostic classifications for PCOS.
Lung Cancer Screening: The Mayo Program (1986)

The National Cancer Institute has sponsored three randomized controlled trials of screening for early lung cancer in large, high-risk populations to determine whether lung cancer detection can be improved by adding sputum cytological screening every 4 months to chest roentgenography done either yearly or every 4 months; and lung cancer mortality can be significantly reduced by this type of screening program, followed by appropriate treatment. Results of the three trials suggest that sputum cytology alone detects 15% to 20% of lung cancers, almost all of which are squamous cancers with a favorable prognosis; and chest roentgenography may be a more effective test for early-stage lung cancer than previous reports have suggested. Nevertheless, results of the randomized trial conducted at the Mayo Clinic showed that offering both procedures to high-risk outpatients every 4 months conferred no mortality advantage over standard medical practice that included recommended annual testing.
Long-term intensive treatment of type 1 diabetes with the short-acting insulin analog lispro in variable combination with NPH insulin at mealtime. (1999)

We concluded that mealtime injection of lispro + NPH improves the 24-h blood glucose and the percentage HbA1c as compared with Hum-R. The improvement can be maintained long term. Intensive therapy with lispro + NPH results in less frequent hypoglycemia and better awareness and counterregulation of hypoglycemia.
In situ bioprinting of the skin for burns (2010)

Binder, Kyle W. MD; Zhao, Weixin MD; Aboushwareb, Tamer MD, PhD; Dice, Dennis BS; Atala, Anthony MD, FACS; Yoo, James J. MD, PhD Author Information
Extracellular Events Induced by γ‐Hydroxybutyrate in Striatum: A Microdialysis Study (1991)

The modification of dopamine release and accumulation induced by gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) was studied using both striatal slices and in vivo microdialysis of caudate-putamen. GHB inhibited dopamine release for approximately 5-10 min in vitro, and this was associated with an accumulation of dopamine in the tissue. Subsequently, there was an increase in dopamine release. In the microdialysis experiments, low doses of GHB inhibited dopamine release, whereas higher doses strongly increased release; the initial decrease seen in slices could not be detected in vivo. Thus, GHB had a biphasic effect on the release of dopamine: An initial decrease in the release of transmitter was followed by an increase. A time-dependent biphasic effect was observed when GHB was added to brain slices, and a dose-dependent biphasic effect was seen in dialysate after systemic administration of GHB. Naloxone blocked GHB-induced dopamine accumulation and release both in vitro and in vivo. GHB also increased the release of opioid-like substances in the striatum. A specific antagonist of GHB receptors completely blocked both the dopamine response and the release of opioid-like substances. These data suggest that GHB increases dopamine release via specific receptors that may modulate the activity of opioid interneurons.
Metal-catalyzed semiconductor nanowires: a review on the control of growth directions (2010)

Semiconductor nanowires have become an important building block for nanotechnology. The growth of semiconductor nanowires using a metal catalyst via the vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) or vapor–solid–solid (VSS) mechanism has yielded growth directions in ⟨1 1 1⟩, ⟨1 0 0⟩ and ⟨1 1 0⟩ etc. In this paper, we summarize and discuss a broad range of factors that affect the growth direction of VLS or VSS grown epitaxial semiconductor nanowires, providing an indexed glimpse of the control of nanowire growth directions and thus the mechanical, electrical and optical properties associated with the crystal orientation. The prospect of using planar nanowires for large area planar processing toward future nanowire array-based nanoelectronics and photonic applications is discussed.
High levels of the Mps1 checkpoint protein are protective of aneuploidy in breast cancer cells (2011)

Most human cancers are aneuploid and have chromosomal instability, which contrasts to the inability of human cells to normally tolerate aneuploidy. Noting that aneuploidy in human breast cancer correlates with increased expression levels of the Mps1 checkpoint gene, we investigated whether these high levels of Mps1 contribute to the ability of breast cancer cells to tolerate this aneuploidy. Reducing Mps1 levels in cultured human breast cancer cells by RNAi resulted in aberrant mitoses, induction of apoptosis, and decreased ability of human breast cancer cells to grow as xenografts in nude mice. Remarkably, breast cancer cells that survive reductions in levels of Mps1 have relatively less aneuploidy, as measured by copies of specific chromosomes, compared with cells that have constitutively high levels of Mps1. Thus, high levels of Mps1 in breast cancer cells likely contribute to these cells tolerating aneuploidy.
Extension of the Lancefield Classification for Group A Streptococci by Addition of 22 New M Protein Gene Sequence Types from Clinical Isolates: emm103 to emm124 (2002)

Classic M protein serotyping has been invaluable during the past 60 years for the determination of relationships between different group A streptococci (GAS) strains and the varied clinical manifestations inflicted by these organisms worldwide. Nonetheless, during the past 20 years, the difficulties of continued expansion of the serology-based Lancefield classification scheme for GAS have become increasingly apparent. By use of a less demanding sequence-based methodology that closely adheres to previously established strain criteria while being predictive of known M protein serotypes, we recently added types emm94-emm102 to the Lancefield scheme. Continued expansion by the addition of types emm103 to emm124 are now proposed. As with types emm94-emm102, each of these new emm types was represented by multiple independent isolates recovered from serious disease manifestations, each was M protein nontypeable with all typing sera stocks available to international GAS reference laboratories, and each demonstrated antiphagocytic properties in vitro by multiplying in normal human blood.
Studies on the constituents of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge. III. Minor prosapogenins from the fruits of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge. (1985)

The prosapogenins from the fruits of Xanthoceras sorbifolia BUNGE (Sapindaceae) were examined. On the basis of chemical and spectral analyses, the structures of three minor prosapogenins, obtained by acid hydrolysis of crude saponin fraction, were characterized as 21-O-(3, 4-di-O-angeloyl)-β-D-fucopyranosyl theasapogenol B (1), 21-O-(4-O-acetyl-3-O-angeloyl)-β-D-fucopyranosyl theasapogenol B (2) and 21-O-(4-O-acetyl-3-O-angeloyl)-β-D-fucopyranosyl-22-O-acetyl protoaescigenin (3), respectively.
The Planning of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations in the Urban Area (2012)

With respect to the planning problems of electric vehicle charging stations in the urban area, the paper presents a planning model which considers the road network structure, vehicle flow information, distribution system structure and capacity constraints, etc. Under the relative constraints of distribution network, the model selects the station sites and plug-in locations with the objective of minimizing the sum of users' wastage cost on the way to the charging station and the investments of station lines, realizes the auto-partition of station service areas by the weighted Voronoi diagram, and also optimally allocates the station capacities based on the queuing theory. Finally, considering both the benefits of the power company and the electric vehicle users, the planning program optimization is finished by minimizing the costs of the whole society. The case studied shows that the presented methods and models are to some extent practical and reasonable to the optimal planning of electric vehicle charging stations in the urban area.
Submicrometer and Nanoscale Inorganic Particles Exploit the Actin Machinery To Be Propelled along Microvilli-like Structures into Alveolar Cells (2007)

The growing commerce in micro- and nanotechnology is expected to increase human exposure to submicrometer and nanoscale particles, including certain forms of amorphous silica. When inhaled, these particles are likely to reach the alveoli, where alveolar type II epithelial cells that are distinguished by apical microvilli are found. These cells play critical roles in the function of the alveoli and participate in the immune response to amorphous silica and other particles by releasing chemokines. The cellular interactions of the particles, which drive the cellular responses, are still unclear. Adverse effects of nanoparticles have been attributed, in part, to the unique properties of materials at the nanoscale. However, little is known about the cellular interactions of individual or small nanoparticle aggregates, mostly because of their tendency to agglomerate under experimental conditions. Here we investigate the interaction and internalization pathway of individual precipitated amorphous silica particles with specific surface properties and size, by following one particle at a time. We find that both 100 and 500 nm particles can take advantage of the actin turnover machinery within filopodia and microvilli-like structures to advance their way into alveolar type II epithelial cells. This pathway is strictly dependent on the positive surface charge of the particle and on the integrity of the actin filaments, unraveling the coupling of the particle with the intracellular environment across the cell membrane. The retrograde pathway brings a new mechanism by which positive surface charge supports particle recruitment, and potential subsequent toxicity, by polarized epithelial cells bearing microvilli.
Recent advances in clinical development of leukotriene B4 pathway drugs (2017)

The LTB4 pathway is an attractive target for therapeutic drug development. Two broad classes of drugs have been pursued: antagonists of the primary LTB4 receptors (BLT1 and BLT2) and inhibitors of LTA4 Hydrolase (LTA4H), the rate limiting enzyme in the production of LTB4. An initial wave of effort culminated in the 1990s. Over the past 15 years, a second wave of more selective drug candidates, including at least 5 BLT antagonists and 6 LTA4H inhibitors, have reached Phase 2 clinical trials. Despite the extensive efforts to discover and develop LTB4 pathway targeting drugs, only one has reached the market to date. Recently discovered complexities in the pathway and challenges in matching pathway intervention with therapeutic effect could explain the limited clinical success of LTB4 pathway drugs, even though there is a large body of scientific evidence linking LTB4 to human diseases and demonstrating efficacy of these compounds in a wide array of preclinical models. Herein, we describe the clinical programs for the most prominent recent examples from each broad class and discuss the clinical outcomes and their implications for future development of LTB4 pathway drugs.
New Approaches to Nanofabrication:  Molding, Printing, and Other Techniques (2005)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew Approaches to Nanofabrication: Molding, Printing, and Other TechniquesByron D. Gates, Qiaobing Xu, Michael Stewart, Declan Ryan, C. Grant Willson, and George M. WhitesidesView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, Austin, Texas 78712 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2005, 105, 4, 1171–1196Publication Date (Web):March 4, 2005Publication History Received4 August 2004Published online4 March 2005Published inissue 1 April 2005https://doi.org/10.1021/cr030076oCopyright © 2005 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views20177Altmetric-Citations1715LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (1 MB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Lithography,Materials,Metals,Nanofabrication,Thin films Get e-Alerts
Concomitant Induction of Systemic Resistance to <i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> pv. <i>lachrymans</i> in Cucumber by <i>Trichoderma asperellum</i> (T-203) and Accumulation ofPhytoalexins (2003)

Most studies on the reduction of disease incidence in soil treated with Trichoderma asperellum have focused on microbial interactions rather than on plant responses. This study presents conclusive evidence for the induction of a systemic response against angular leaf spot of cucumber (Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans) following application of T. asperellum to the root system. To ascertain that T. asperellum was the only microorganism present in the root milieu, plants were grown in an aseptic hydroponic growth system. Disease symptoms were reduced by as much as 80%, corresponding to a reduction of 2 orders of magnitude in bacterial cell densities in leaves of plants pretreated with T. asperellum. As revealed by electron microscopy, bacterial cell proliferation in these plants was halted. The protection afforded by the biocontrol agent was associated with the accumulation of mRNA of two defense genes: the phenylpropanoid pathway gene encoding phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and the lipoxygenase pathway gene encoding hydroxyperoxide lyase (HPL). This was further supported by the accumulation of secondary metabolites of a phenolic nature that showed an increase of up to sixfold in inhibition capacity of bacterial growth in vitro. The bulk of the antimicrobial activity was found in the acid-hydrolyzed extract containing the phenolics in their aglycone form. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of phenolic compounds showed a marked change in their profile in the challenged, preelicited plants relative to that in challenged controls. The results suggest that similar to beneficial rhizobacteria, T. asperellum may activate separate metabolic pathways in cucumber that are involved in plant signaling and biosynthesis, eventually leading to the systemic accumulation of phytoalexins.
AIRWAY WALL REMODELLING in ASTHMA (2020)

Relationship Between Airway Wall Thickness and Airway Hyperresponsiveness, A.L. James Airway Wall Remodelling in the Pathogenesis of Asthma: Cytokine Expression in the Airways, P. Bradding, A.E. Reddington, and S.T. Holgate Inflammation and Cytokines in Airway Wall Remodelling, J.W. Wilson and X. Li Fibrogenic Cytokines in Airway Fibrosis, X. Li and J.W. Wilson Epithelial Function and Airway Responsiveness, R.G. Goldie and J.M.H. Preuss Heparin and Related Molecules: Antiproliferative and Anti-inflammatory Effects in the Airways, S.A.Kilfeather and C. Page In Vivo Models of Smooth Muscle Growth, J.G. Martin and T.R. Bai Relationship Between Smooth Muscle Shortening and Resistance in Isolated Airways, H.W. Mitchell, P.K. McFawn, J.C. Marriott, and M.P. Sparrow Assessment of Airway Smooth Muscle Growth and Division: In Vitro Studies, S.J. Hirst Regulation of Growth of Airway Smooth Muscle by Second Messenger Systems, R.A. Panettieri, Jr. Regulation of Airway Smooth Muscle Proliferation by b2-Adrenoceptor Agonists, A.G. Stewart, P.R. Tomlinson, and L. Schachte
Minimize Beam Squint Solutions for 60GHz Millimeter-Wave Communication System (2013)

In this paper, we investigate the beam squint problems in 60 GHz mm-wave wireless communication beamforming process. To minimize the degree of beam squint we formulate the objective task into a constrained optimization problem and derived a phase improvement scheme based on IEEE 802.15.3c codebook. For further improvement of system performance, main response axis (MRA) alignment scheme is proposed, the direction of MRA can be adjusted alignment exactly in different frequencies and can achieve higher array antenna gain with a lower side lobe level (SLL) and it is more effective than the first schemes, but requires more phase shifters. In order to reduce the complexity of MRA alignment scheme, we proposed MRA alignment simplify scheme, the scheme only require 1/2 phase shifters has a negligible performance loss compared with the second scheme. Extensive simulations have demonstrated that the proposed three schemes can suppress beam squint, improves system throughput and performs better than the existing scheme.
Investigation of the kinetic properties of particle-loaded membranes for solid-phase extraction by forced flow planar chromatography (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInvestigation of the kinetic properties of particle-loaded membranes for solid-phase extraction by forced flow planar chromatographyW. Peter N. Fernando, Mary L. Larrivee, and Colin F. PooleCite this: Anal. Chem. 1993, 65, 5, 588–595Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00053a017https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00053a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views102Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Native Tongues, Lost and Found: Resources and Empirical Evaluations in Native Language Identification (2012)

In this paper we present work on the task of Native Language Identification (NLI). We present an alternative corpus to the ICLE which has been used in most work up until now. We believe that our corpus, TOEFL11, is more suitable for the task of NLI and will allow researchers to better compare systems and results. We show that many of the features that have been commonly used in this task generalize to new and larger corpora. In addition, we examine possible ways of increasing current system performance (e.g., additional features and feature combination methods), and achieve overall state-of-the-art results (accuracy of 90.1%) on the ICLE corpus using an ensemble classifier that includes previously examined features and a novel feature (n-gram language models). We also show that training on a large corpus and testing on a smaller one works well, but not vice versa. Finally, we show that system performance varies across proficiency scores.
Sources of Resistance to Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) in Tomato (2007)

The disease incited by Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) is currently a serious problem for tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) crops in several European countries. A collection of accessions from different Solanum species was screened to find sources of resistance to PepMV. All plants of S. lycopersicum , S. lycopersicum var. cerasiforme , S. pennellii Correll, S. cheesmaniae (L. Riley) Fosberg, S. habrochaites S. Knapp &amp; D.M. Spooner, S. neorickii D.M. Spooner, G.J. Anderson &amp; R.K. Jansen, S. pimpinellifolium L., S. basendopogon Bitter, S. canense Rydb., S. caripense Humb. &amp; Bonpl. ex Dunal, and S. muricatum Aiton accessions showed a 100% systemic infection rate, high viral accumulation, and apparent symptoms. In some accessions of the species S. chilense (Dunal) Reiche and S. peruvianum L., a variable percentage of plants without systemic infection was observed. Although all plants of ECU-335 accession of S. ochranthum Dunal showed systemic infection by PepMV, the symptoms were mild and the levels of viral accumulation were low. PepMV was not detected in plants of AN-CA-214 accession of S. pseudocapsicum L. No symptoms were observed either on inoculated leaves or on growing leaves. The use of the latter two species is limited considering that they cannot be sexually crossed with cultivated tomato. As a result, S. chilense and S. peruvianum are the most promising species in the search for sources of resistance to PepMV.
Peptide-based hydrogen sulphide-releasing gels (2015)

An aromatic peptide amphiphile was designed for delivery of the signaling gas H2S. The peptide self-assembled in water into nanofibers that gelled upon charge screening. The non-toxic gel slowly released H2S over 15 hours, and the presence of H2S in endothelial cells was verified using a fluorescent H2S probe.
Application of Bayesian hierarchical prior modeling to sparse channel estimation (2012)

Existing methods for sparse channel estimation typically provide an estimate computed as the solution maximizing an objective function defined as the sum of the log-likelihood function and a penalization term proportional to the ℓ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> -norm of the parameter of interest. However, other penalization terms have proven to have strong sparsity-inducing properties. In this work, we design pilot-assisted channel estimators for OFDM wireless receivers within the framework of sparse Bayesian learning by defining hierarchical Bayesian prior models that lead to sparsity-inducing penalization terms. The estimators result as an application of the variational message-passing algorithm on the factor graph representing the signal model extended with the hierarchical prior models. Numerical results demonstrate the superior performance of our channel estimators as compared to traditional and state-of-the-art sparse methods.