gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phase-only modulation using a twisted nematic liquid crystal television (1989)

We used a commercially available liquid crystal television display unit as a spatial optical phase-only modulator. To do this, we removed the integral polarizers from the unit and double passed the light under modulation through it. We found that it was possible to obtain continuous phase modulation from 0 to PI with essentially no change in the state of polarization of the output light and absorption changes of <2.5%. We wrote computer-generated phase-only holograms on the LCTV and reconstructed them optically.
Histologic Changes in Squamous-Cell Carcinoma of the Mouth and Oropharynx Produced by Fractionated External Roentgen Irradiation (1948)

Most histologic studies of irradiation changes have been based on the effect of a single massive radium exposure producing overwhelming destructive changes in the tumor. Few histologic studies have been made of the effects of fractionated roentgen irradiation, although this method predominates in modem radiotherapeutic technics. The administration of roentgen rays in small daily fractions permits the normal epithelium to recover somewhat each day from the irradiation injury, while the less differentiated tumor cells, for the most part, show no evidence of recovery. Fractionation also increases the number of times each tumor cell is exposed to irradiation while in the premitotic or mitotic phase, which is believed by many to be the most radiosensitive phase. Melnick and Bachem (1) described the findings in transplantable tumors of rats following both the single massive dose method and fractionated, protracted irradiation. With the massive dose method, they noted radiation necrosis of tumor cells, associated with hyperemia, cellular infiltration, granulation tissue proliferation, fibrosis, and blood vessel changes. With the fractionated protracted technic they observed, in addition to necrosis of radiosensitive cells, a gradual transformation of all the refractory tumor cells into hyperchromatic giant cells. These cells did not degenerate by necrosis, but by calcification of the nucleus. This method of treatment had no apparent effect on the adjacent normal tissues. There was no fibrosis and no blood vessel damage. Halley and Melnick (2) described the changes observed in twenty-one breasts that were irradiated preoperatively. Their findings were similar to those observed in animal tumors. Glücksmann (3) studied the effects on human squamous-cell and basal-cell carcinoma of different technics of fractionated roentgen and gamma-ray irradiation with varying daily and total doses. He evaluated in each biopsy specimen the dividing, degenerating, resting, and differentiating cells. The dividing cells showed rapid and early reduction of the number of mitotic figures, which often reached zero in eighty minutes. Later there was partial resumption of mitotic activity, chiefly in the form of abnormal mitoses. Many of these “broke down,” contributing to the “degenerating cell” count, that increased until mitotic activity ceased. In successfully treated carcinoma, mitotic division ultimately ceased. Reduction of the number of resting cells in the growing areas of the tumor was due either to degeneration or differentiation. Increased differentiation of the cells in most cases was related to a fall in the resting cell count. Glücksmann (3) regarded many of the monster-sized cells as differentiating cells; this is contrary to our impression.
Tissue-Specific Expression Patterns of Arabidopsis NF-Y Transcription Factors Suggest Potential for Extensive Combinatorial Complexity     (2008)

All aspects of plant and animal development are controlled by complex networks of transcription factors. Transcription factors are essential for converting signaling inputs, such as changes in daylength, into complex gene regulatory outputs. While some transcription factors control gene expression by binding to cis-regulatory elements as individual subunits, others function in a combinatorial fashion. How individual subunits of combinatorial transcription factors are spatially and temporally deployed (e.g. expression-level, posttranslational modifications and subcellular localization) has profound effects on their control of gene expression. In the model plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), we have identified 36 Nuclear Factor Y (NF-Y) transcription factor subunits (10 NF-YA, 13 NF-YB, and 13 NF-YC subunits) that can theoretically combine to form 1,690 unique complexes. Individual plant subunits have functions in flowering time, embryo maturation, and meristem development, but how they combine to control these processes is unknown. To assist in the process of defining unique NF-Y complexes, we have created promoter:beta-glucuronidase fusion lines for all 36 Arabidopsis genes. Here, we show NF-Y expression patterns inferred from these promoter:beta-glucuronidase lines for roots, light- versus dark-grown seedlings, rosettes, and flowers. Additionally, we review the phylogenetic relationships and examine protein alignments for each NF-Y subunit family. The results are discussed with a special emphasis on potential roles for NF-Y subunits in photoperiod-controlled flowering time.
An efficient QoS routing algorithm based on nonlinear path distance for min-sharing interference and load balancing (2004)

As known, it is difficult for the multiple constraints QoS routing to get a polynomial-time solution. Currently, many heuristic algorithms based on the path distance have been proposed to solve this problem. However, most of them are based on linear path distance, which has the greatest shortcoming, i.e., the search of feasible solutions is inefficient. Besides, they don't also consider the link sharing interference and load balancing. To improve the performance, this paper proposes a novel QoS routing based on the nonlinear path distance, which is called MIS-LB. At first, the additive and multiplicative QoS metrics are represented by a uniform metric, i.e. the nonlinear path distance. Then, the link sharing and load balancing are integrated into the uniform metric. Based on the shortest-first criterion, MIS-LB can not only find feasible paths as the normal routing algorithm (e.g., Dijkstra algorithm), but also adjust the link sharing, and balance the network loads between multiple feasible paths. So compared with TAMCRA and H/spl I.bar/MCOP, the simulation results show that MIS-LB can further improve network performance.
Antiproliferative effect of immunoliposomes containing 5-fluorodeoxyuridine-dipalmitate on colon cancer cells (1999)

We have investigated the antiproliferative action towards CC531 colon adenocarcinoma cells of target cell-specific immunoliposomes containing the amphiphilic dipalmitoyl derivative of 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (FUdR-dP). FUdR-dP incorporated in immunoliposomes caused a 13-fold stronger inhibition of CC531 cell growth in vitro, during a 72-h treatment, than FUdR-dP in liposomes without antibody, demonstrating that the prodrug is efficiently hydrolysed to yield the active drug, FUdR, intracellularly. The intracellular release of active FUdR was confirmed by determining the fate of 3H-labelled immunoliposomal FUdR-dP. Treatments shorter than 72 h with FUdR-dP in immunoliposomes resulted in anti-tumour activities comparable to, or even higher than, that of free FUdR. The shorter treatments reflect more closely the in vivo situation and illustrate the potential advantage of the use of immunoliposomes over non-targeted liposomal FUdR-dP or free FUdR. Association of tumour cell-specific immunoliposomes with CC531 cells was up to tenfold higher than that of liposomes without antibody or with irrelevant IgG coupled, demonstrating a specific interaction between liposomes and target cells which causes an efficient intracellular delivery of the drug. Since biochemical evidence indicates a lack of internalization or degradation of the liposomes as such, we postulate that entry of the drug most likely involves the direct transfer of the prodrug from the immunoliposome to the cell membrane during its antigen-specific interaction with the cells, followed by hydrolysis of FUdR-dP leading to relatively high intracellular FUdR-levels. In conclusion, we describe a targeted liposomal formulation for the anticancer drug FUdR, which is able to deliver the active drug to colon carcinoma cells with high efficiency, without the need for the cells to internalize the liposomes as such.
Nitrogenase MoFe-Protein at 1.16 Å Resolution: A Central Ligand in the FeMo-Cofactor (2002)

A high-resolution crystallographic analysis of the nitrogenase MoFe-protein reveals a previously unrecognized ligand coordinated to six iron atoms in the center of the catalytically essential FeMo-cofactor. The electron density for this ligand is masked in structures with resolutions lower than 1.55 angstroms, owing to Fourier series termination ripples from the surrounding iron and sulfur atoms in the cofactor. The central atom completes an approximate tetrahedral coordination for the six iron atoms, instead of the trigonal coordination proposed on the basis of lower resolution structures. The crystallographic refinement at 1.16 angstrom resolution is consistent with this newly detected component being a light element, most plausibly nitrogen. The presence of a nitrogen atom in the cofactor would have important implications for the mechanism of dinitrogen reduction by nitrogenase.
Attend Refine Repeat: Active Box Proposal Generation via In-Out Localization (2016)

The problem of computing category agnostic bounding box proposals is utilized as a core component in many computer vision tasks and thus has lately attracted a lot of attention. In this work we propose a new approach to tackle this problem that is based on an active strategy for generating box proposals that starts from a set of seed boxes, which are uniformly distributed on the image, and then progressively moves its attention on the promising image areas where it is more likely to discover well localized bounding box proposals. We call our approach AttractioNet and a core component of it is a CNN-based category agnostic object location refinement module that is capable of yielding accurate and robust bounding box predictions regardless of the object category. We extensively evaluate our AttractioNet approach on several image datasets (i.e. COCO, PASCAL, ImageNet detection and NYU-Depth V2 datasets) reporting on all of them state-of-the-art results that surpass the previous work in the field by a significant margin and also providing strong empirical evidence that our approach is capable to generalize to unseen categories. Furthermore, we evaluate our AttractioNet proposals in the context of the object detection task using a VGG16-Net based detector and the achieved detection performance on COCO manages to significantly surpass all other VGG16-Net based detectors while even being competitive with a heavily tuned ResNet-101 based detector. Code as well as box proposals computed for several datasets are available at:: https://github.com/gidariss/AttractioNet.
Detection of antibodies in sera from Chagas' disease patients using a <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> immunodominant recombinant antigen (1994)

A Trypanosoma cruzi DNA fragment encoding an immunodominant repetitive antigen (H49) was subcloned into a protein purification and expressed system. Purified H49 peptide reacted specifically in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with sera from T. cruzi-infected patients, but not with sera from patients with other parasitic diseases such as leishmaniasis and T. rangeli-infection. The H49 recombinant ELISA was able to detect specific antibodies in 84% of chronic chagasic serum samples tested. One of the major advantage of the recombinant ELISA for serodiagnosis of chronic Chagas' disease resides in its high specificity (100%). Our data suggest that recombinant peptides could provide a practical basis for specific diagnosis tests for Chagas' disease.
Generating association rules from semi-structured documents using an extended concept hierarchy (1997)

Article Free Access Share on Generating association rules from semi-structured documents using an extended concept hierarchy Authors: Lisa Singh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, ILView Profile , Peter Scheuermann Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, ILView Profile , Bin Chen Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, ILView Profile Authors Info & Claims CIKM '97: Proceedings of the sixth international conference on Information and knowledge managementJanuary 1997 Pages 193–200https://doi.org/10.1145/266714.266895Published:01 January 1997Publication History 15citation776DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations15Total Downloads776Last 12 Months14Last 6 weeks2 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Serum matrix metalloproteinases MMP-2 and MMP-9 and metalloproteinase tissue inhibitors TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 in diabetic nephropathy (2007)

These data indicate that circulating TIMP-1, TIMP-2 and MMP-2 are decreased in patients with diabetic nephropathy when compared with either CRF or diabetes.
Regulation of cell separation in the dimorphic fungus <i>Ustilago maydis</i> (2002)

During its haploid phase the dimorphic fungus Ustilago maydis grows vegetatively by budding. We have identified two genes, don1 and don3, which control the separation of mother and daughter cells. Mutant cells form tree-like clusters in liquid culture and grow as ring-like (donut-shaped) colonies on solid medium. In wild-type U. maydis cells, two distinct septa are formed during cytokinesis and delimit a fragmentation zone. Cells defective for either don1 or don3 display only a single septum and fail to complete cell separation. don1 encodes a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) of the Dbl family specific for Rho/Rac GTPases. Don3 belongs to the germinal-centre-kinase (GC) subfamily of Ste20-like protein kinases. We have isolated the U. maydis homologues of the small GTP binding proteins Rho2, Rho3, Rac1 and Cdc42. Out of these, only Cdc42 interacts specifically with Don1 and Don3 in the yeast two-hybrid system. We propose that Don1 and Don3 regulate the initiation of the secondary septum, which is required for proper cell separation.
Hepatic regeneration in the absence of portal viscera. (1975)

In an effort to investigate the influence of portal factors on hepatic regeneration in the rat and to clarify glucagon's apparent regulatory role, a rat preparation was developed which was totally devoid of portal viscera and thus deficient in all possible hepatotrophic substances of portal origin. It was found that, following partial hepatectomy, such an eviscerate rat was able to undergo hepatic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis, but the peak DNA synthetic response was significantly delayed by such portal deprivation. As demonstrated by a group of rats with intact portal viscera, but with a portacaval shunt, reduction of blood supply to the hepatic remnant by diversion of portal flow accounted for only a portion of the delay. The remainder of the delay encountered in the eviscerate group was attributed to the deprivation of specific portal substances. Since glucagon supplementation administered to the deficient eviscerate animal restored peak DNA synthesis to the time of its appropriate shunted control, this hepatotrophic substance is a major portal factor modifying the response to partial hepatectomy. Evidence is cited which suggests that glucagon's influence on DNA synthesis is mediated through the formation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and subsequent histone phosphorylation.
Enhanced Fisher linear discriminant models for face recognition (2002)

We introduce two enhanced Fisher linear discriminant (FLD) models (EFM) in order to improve the generalization ability of the standard FLD based classifiers such as Fisherfaces. Similar to Fisherfaces, both EFM models apply first principal component analysis (PCA) for dimensionality reduction before proceeding with FLD type of analysis. EFM-1 implements the dimensionality reduction with the goal to balance between the need that the selected eigenvalues account for most of the spectral energy of the raw data and the requirement that the eigenvalues of the within-class scatter matrix in the reduced PCA subspace are not too small. EFM-2 implements the dimensionality reduction as Fisherfaces do. It proceeds with the whitening of the within-class scatter matrix in the reduced PCA subspace and then chooses a small set of features (corresponding to the eigenvectors of the within-class scatter matrix) so that the smaller trailing eigenvalues are not included in further computation of the between-class scatter matrix. Experimental data using a large set of faces-1,107 images drawn from 369 subjects and including duplicates acquired at a later time under different illumination-from the FERET database shows that the EFM models outperform the standard FLD based methods.
Time interleaved optical samplingfor ultra-high speed A/D conversion (1998)

A scheme is proposed for increasing the sampling rate of analogue-to-digital (A/D) conversion by more than an order of magnitude by combining state-of-the-art A/D converters with photonic technology. Ultra-high speed sampling is performed optically by a multiwavelength pulse train. Wavelength demultiplexers convert the high repetition rate data stream of samples into parallel data streams that can be handled by available electronic A/D converters.
Coupling strategies for silicon photonics integrated chips [Invited] (2019)

Over the last 20 years, silicon photonics has revolutionized the field of integrated optics, providing a novel and powerful platform to build mass-producible optical circuits. One of the most attractive aspects of silicon photonics is its ability to provide extremely small optical components, whose typical dimensions are an order of magnitude smaller than those of optical fiber devices. This dimension difference makes the design of fiber-to-chip interfaces challenging and, over the years, has stimulated considerable technical and research efforts in the field. Fiber-to-silicon photonic chip interfaces can be broadly divided into two principle categories: in-plane and out-of-plane couplers. Devices falling into the first category typically offer relatively high coupling efficiency, broad coupling bandwidth (in wavelength), and low polarization dependence but require relatively complex fabrication and assembly procedures that are not directly compatible with wafer-scale testing. Conversely, out-of-plane coupling devices offer lower efficiency, narrower bandwidth, and are usually polarization dependent. However, they are often more compatible with high-volume fabrication and packaging processes and allow for on-wafer access to any part of the optical circuit. In this paper, we review the current state-of-the-art of optical couplers for photonic integrated circuits, aiming to give to the reader a comprehensive and broad view of the field, identifying advantages and disadvantages of each solution. As fiber-to-chip couplers are inherently related to packaging technologies and the co-design of optical packages has become essential, we also review the main solutions currently used to package and assemble optical fibers with silicon-photonic integrated circuits.
Purification and characterization of L-asparaginase with anti-lymphoma activity from Vibrio succinogenes. (1976)

Homogeneols L-asparaginase with anti-lymphoma activity was prepared from Vibrio succinogenes, an anaerobic bacterium from the bovine rumen. An overall yield of pure L-asparaginase of 40 to 45% and a specific activity of 200 +/- 2 IU per mg of protein was obtained. The pure enzyme can be stored at -20 degrees for at least 3 months with no loss of activity. The isoelectric point of the L-asparaginase is 8.74. No carbohydrate, phosphorus, tryptophan, disulfide, or sulfhydryl groups were detected. The enzyme has a molecular weight of 146,000 and a subunit weight of approximately 37,000. The Km of the enzyme for L-asparagine is 4.78 X 10(-5) M and the pH optimum of the L-asparaginase reaction is 7.3. D-Asparagine was hydrolyzed at 6.5% of the rate found with the L isomer. L-Glutamine and a variety of other amides were not hydrolyzed at significant rates; the activity of the enzyme for L-glutamine was 130- to 600-fold less than that of other therapeutically effective L-asparaginases of bacterial origin. The L-asparaginase from V. succinogenes is immunologically distinct from the L-asparaginase (EC-2) of Escherichia coli.
<i>Automated Repair Service Bureau</i>: Mechanized Loop Testing Design (1982)

The Mechanized Loop Testing (MLT) system is a functional unit of the Automated Repair Service Bureau (ARSB) which tests and analyzes the condition of customer loops. The test results are used to verify trouble conditions, assist telephone company personnel in providing repair-commitment information to the customer, dispatch the appropriate repair craft, and reduce manual testing requirements. The MLT system design is distributed over three processing levels of the ARSB tree structure (host, front end, controller) to provide the necessary record utilization, data processing, loop analysis, and control of test equipment. The automatic access, monitoring, and testing of loops is performed by specially designed test equipment under the direct control of the controller. The MLT system provides a set of test series, each designed for specific applications. The test series are composed in real time as a function of the equipment thought to be present on the loop and the results of tests already performed to that point in the test sequence. This adaptive testing process has been implemented in hardware and software to provide an effective loop-testing system for most applications in the Bell System.
The HemoScreen, a novel haematology analyser for the point of care (2016)

The HemoScreen employs innovative technologies of viscoelastic focusing and microfluidics within a disposable cartridge for an image-based blood cell analysis. By providing accurate and repeatable CBC and five-part differential results within minutes and maintaining the simplicity of operation, the HemoScreen could have far-reaching implications for use at POC. Further extended evaluation is in progress.