gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel antifolate 10-propargyl-10-deazaaminopterin (PDX) displays synergistic effects with gemcitabine in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma models <b><i>in vitro</i></b> and <b><i>in vivo</i></b> (2004)

6596 Background: PDX is a rationally designed antifolate aimed at improving membrane transport and polyglutamylation in tumor cells. Previous studies have shown that PDX has better activity and a better hematological toxicity profile than MTX against human NHL. PDX as single agent is currently in phase I and II clinical trials for patients with NHL. Methods: The combination of PDX (2nM) and gemcitabine (20nM) was tested in vitro in 4 NHL cell lines. Cells were exposed to one drug for 24h, then exposed to the same or other drug for additional 24h or exposed to both drugs for 24h, then cultured in RPMI alone for 24h. Efficacy was measured at 48h by Alamar Blue and Trypan Blue assays. The same combination was evaluated in vivo in a model of human NHL in irradiated NOD/SCID mice. Mice were inoculated with 10x106 SKI-DLCL cells via a sc. route. When tumors approached 300 mm3, mice were divided into 4 groups of 5 and treated twice weekly for 4 doses i.p. with normal saline (control), MTD of PDX (60 mg/kg) and gemcitabine (60 mg/kg) or a combination of the drugs, each given at 30 mg/kg. Results: PDX displayed synergistic effects with gemcitabine in vitro in all cell lines, with strongest synergy observed in cells first treated with PDX and subsequently exposed to gemcitabine. This combination produced 10.9±4.1% greater effects in SKI-DLCL, 13.5±5.4% in HT, 25.5±7.2 % in DOHH2, and 28.4±8.7 % in RL compared to the additive effects of both drugs given as monotherapy. Animals in the control group had rapid POD and were sacrificed. PDX or gemcitabine treated animals initially responded to treatment but by day 44 regrew tumors to 739.0% and 317.7% of their initial tumor volumes, respectively. Animals in the PDX+gemcitabine arm had significant reduction (63.1%) of their initial tumor volume, with 3 animals in CR, 1 in PR and 1 with POD. Conclusions: The potential of the PDX-gemcitabine combination is very promissing. Future experiments are planned in order to: 1) determine the optimal schedule of these drugs, and 2) compare the eficacy of the optimal combination to the “standard” antifolate-pyrimidine analog combination (methotrexate-Ara-C). No significant financial relationships to disclose.
A subspace fitting approach to super resolution multi-line fitting and straight edge detection (1992)

A new fundamental signal processing method is developed for solving the problem of fitting multiple lines in a two-dimensional image. The proposed technique formulates the multiline fitting problem in a special parameter estimation framework such that a signal structure similar to the sensor array processing signal representation is obtained. Then, recently developed algorithms in that formalism (e.g., the ESPRIT technique) are exploited to produce superresolution estimates in this framework. The signal representation used in this formulation can be generalized in a fashion to handle both problems of line fitting (in which a set of binary-valued discrete pixels is given) and of straight edge detection (in which one starts with a gray-scale image). The proposed method possesses extensive computational speed superiority over previous single- and multiple-line fitting algorithms such as the Hough transform method. Details of the new formulation are explained, and several experimental results are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Phase digitizing sharpens timing measurements (1988)

Oscilloscopes and other instruments that so precisely measure voltage are ill-suited to handling time-based communications signals, for their preoccupation with amplitude compromises timing accuracy, wastes memory, and complicates timing analysis. A measurement technique is presented, called phase digitizing, that remedies the situation by continuously counting a signal's zero-crossings and recording exactly when they occur. The deficiencies of previous approaches are examined for the case of spread-spectrum measurements. The principles and characteristics of the approach are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Clinical islet transplant: current and future directions towards tolerance (2003)

The ultimate goal of islet transplantation is to completely correct the diabetic state from an unlimited donor source, without the need for chronic immunosuppressive drug therapy. Although islet transplantation provides an opportunity to develop innovative strategies for tolerance in the clinic, both alloimmune and autoimmune barriers must be controlled, if stable graft function is to be maintained long-term. After islet extraction from the pancreas, the cellular graft may be stored in tissue culture or cryopreserved for banking, providing an opportunity not only to optimally condition the recipient but also to allow in vitro immunologic manipulation of the graft before transplantation, unlike solid organ grafts. As such, islets may be considered a "special case." Remarkable progress has occurred in the last three years, with dramatic improvements in outcomes after clinical islet transplantation. The introduction of a steroid-free, sirolimus-based, anti-rejection protocol and islets prepared from two (or rarely three) donors led to high rates of insulin independence. The "Edmonton Protocol" has been successfully replicated by other centers in an international multicenter trial. A number of key refinements in pancreas transportation, processing, purification on non-ficoll-based media, storage of islets in culture for two days and newer immunological conditioning and induction therapies have led to continued advancement through extensive collaboration between key centers. This review outlines the historical development of islet transplantation over the past 30 years, provides an update on current clinical outcomes, and summarizes a series of unique opportunities for development and early testing of tolerance protocols in patients.
Enzymic Production of Sweet Stevioside Derivatives: Transglucosylation by Glucosidases (1991)

For the purpose of improving sweetness and a further study on the structure-sweetness relationship of steviol glycosides, transglycosylation of stevioside by a variety of commercial glucosidases was investigated. It was revealed that two alpha-glucosidases gave glucosylated products. Transglucosylation of stevioside by Pullulanase and pullulan exclusively afforded three products, 13-O-[beta-maltotriosyl-(1----2)-beta-D-glucosyl]-19-O-beta-D-g luc osyl- steviol (1), 13-O-[beta-maltosyl-(1----2)-beta-D-glucosyl]-19-O-beta-D-glucosyl- steviol (2) and 13-O-beta-sophorosyl-19-O-beta-maltotriosyl-steviol (3). All of these products have already been obtained by trans-alpha-1,4-glucosylation of stevioside by the cyclodextrin glucanotransferase starch system, and 1 and 2 have been proven to be tasty and potent sweeteners. Transglucosylation of stevioside by Biozyme L and maltose afforded three new products, 4, 5 and 6, the structures of these compounds being elucidated as 13-O-beta-sophorosyl-19-O-beta-isomaltosyl-steviol (4), 13-O-[beta-isomaltosyl(1----2)-beta-D-glucosyl]-19-O-beta-D-glucosyl- steviol (5) and 13-O-[beta-nigerosyl-(1----2)-beta-D-glucosyl]-19-O-beta-D- glucosyl-steviol (6). A significantly high quality of taste was evaluated for 4.
Hypercholeresis induced by norchenodeoxycholate in biliary fistula rodent (1987)

The biliary recovery and effect on bile flow and biliary bicarbonate secretion of infused norchenodeoxycholate (nor-CDC), the synthetically prepared C23 homologue of chenodeoxycholate (CDC), were defined in the anesthetized biliary fistula hamster, rat, and guinea pig and compared with those of its taurine conjugate as well as those of the natural C24 bile acid, CDC. In the hamster and rat, nor-CDC was recovered slowly in bile in contrast to its taurine conjugate or CDC. Hepatic biotransformation of nor-CDC was complex. Little amidation with glycine or taurine occurred and the compound was recovered in bile in unchanged form, in the form of hydroxylated derivatives as well as glucuronates and sulfates, the proportion varying in the different species. In contrast, CDC was efficiently amidated with glycine or taurine. The taurine conjugate of nor-CDC was secreted largely unchanged. Nor-CDC infusion caused a striking hypercholeresis in the hamster (108 microliters bile/mumol bile acid in bile) and in the rat (220 microliters/mumol); these values for bile acid-dependent flow far exceed those reported for any other natural bile acid to date in these species. The induced hypercholeresis was of canalicular origin and was accompanied by an enrichment in bicarbonate ion concentration as well as increased bicarbonate output. The taurine conjugate of nor-CDC did not display hypercholeretic properties in the hamster. In the guinea pig, whose native bile is bicarbonate-rich relative to other species, nor-CDC was only mildly hypercholeretic relative to CDC and caused no change in bicarbonate concentration. Thus shortening the side chain of a natural dihydroxy bile acid by a single carbon atom formed a compound that underwent a different hepatic biotransformation than that of most natural bile acids and induced a bicarbonate-rich canalicular choleresis far greater than that which can be explained by current theories of bile formation.
Inhibition of Both Aminopeptidase P and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Prevents Bradykinin Degradation in the Rat Coronary Circulation (1997)

Bradykinin (Bk), which is produced locally in the heart, exhibits potent cardioprotective effects. However, these effects appear to be limited by rapid degradation of the peptide. To determine the mechanism of Bk metabolism in the coronary circulation, [3H]Bk was perfused through the isolated rat heart via the aorta in the presence and absence of specific peptidase inhibitors. The radiolabeled metabolites were collected from the pulmonary artery and then separated, identified, and quantified by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) by using a radioactive flow detector. In the absence of inhibitors, only 45 +/- 2% of the radioactivity eluted from the coronary circulation as intact [3H]Bk. The chromatograms suggested that Bk was being hydrolyzed at the Arg1-Pro2 bond by aminopeptidase P and at the Pro7-Phe8 bond by angiotensin-converting enzyme. When the aminopeptidase P inhibitor, apstatin (200 microM), was coperfused with [3H]Bk, cleavage at the Arg1-Pro2 bond was blocked and the amount of intact [3H]Bk in the perfusate increased to 57 +/- 5% (p < 0.05 vs. control). Coperfusion with the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, ramiprilat (0.5 microM), alone blocked cleavage at the Pro7-Phe8 bond and increased intact [3H]Bk to 75 +/- 3% (p < 0.001 vs. control). When both apstatin and ramiprilat were present, almost all of the radioactivity (96 +/- 1%) eluted as intact [3H]Bk (p < 0.01 vs. ramiprilat alone). The results indicate that the degradation of Bk in the rat coronary circulation can be fully accounted for by aminopeptidase P (approximately 30%) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (approximately 70%).
생물형태 이미지의 현대적 표현 연구 -20세기 전반 작가를 중심으로- (2013)

자연을 끊임없이 관찰하는 일은 조형적 사고를 성장시키는 중요한 방법의 하나이다. 20세기 전반기의 많은 예술가들이 유기적인 형태나 상징적인 생물형태를 즐겨 그렸다는 점은 결코 간과할 수 없는 사실이다. 이러한 생물형태가 작품 소재로 등장한 배경은 20c 과학기술의 발달로 인한 새로운 시각 경험이 새로운 생물형태를 보게 하였고 또 상상하게 하였다. 기계문명은 자본주의의 번영과 함꼐 인간생활을 효율적이고 안락한 삶을 누리도록 기여했지만 인간정신은 오히려 상실의 위기에 처했다. 기계화에 의한 조직적이고 체계적인 생활공간에대한 회의는 자연과 생명의 근원적인 표현에 관심을 가지게 하여 원형적이고 유기적인 생명감 표현에 예쑬가의 눈을 돌리게 했다. 이와 같은 시점에 베르그송, 리드의 생명주의 철학인 생명주의는 생명을 바라보는 시가과 그 구현의 길을ㅇ 제시해 주었다. 또한 생물형태주의 미술이 갖는 성격이 자연의 유기적 형태를 매개로 하여. 작가의 내면세계, 상상의 세계를 무의식의 우연성을 빌어 회화적으로 표현함으로써 생명력을 구현하고 있다는 점은 표현의 또 다른 가능성을 보여주었다. 본 논문은 생명주의 철학을 이론적 배경으로 호안 미로(Joan Miro). 앙드레 마송(Andre Masson), 아르실고르키(Arshile Gorky),월리암 바지오테(William Baziotes), 헨리 무어(Henry Moore), 장 아르프(Jean Masson), 아르실고르키(Arshile Gorky), 월리암 바지오테(William Baziotes\\), 헨리 무어(Henry Moore), 장 아르프(Jean Arp), 비테 군(Beate Kuhn)등 생명체 형상을 모티브로 제작한 작가를 중심으로 작품 속에 나타난 상징적 의미와 은유하고 있는 내용을 조명하여 현대작가들의 미적표현을 확대하고자 한 연구이다.
Differential Frequencies of p16<sup>INK4a</sup> Promoter Hypermethylation, p53 Mutation, and K-ras Mutation in Exfoliative Material Mark the Development of Lung Cancer in Symptomatic Chronic Smokers (2000)

p16(INK4a) promoter hypermethylation and p53 mutations can occur in chronic smokers before any clinical evidence of neoplasia and may be indicative of an increased risk of developing lung cancer or of early disease. K-ras mutations occur exclusively in the presence of clinically detectable neoplastic transformation. Molecular analysis of sputum for such markers may provide an effective means of screening chronic smokers to enable earlier detection and therapeutic intervention of lung cancer.
THE ENERGY IMPACT OF FAULTS IN U.S. COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS (2004)

Many buildings have a wide range of faults that increase energy consumption, but the national energy impact of specific faults has yet to be quantified. This paper reports the preliminary results of a study to quantify the national energy impact of building faults. Based on a detailed literature review, the authors identified thirteen key faults and developed bottom-up energy impact ranges for each. The key faults are estimated to increase commercial building annual energy consumption by between 0.35 and 1.7 quads (0.4 and 1.8 Exajoules [EJ]). This equals between 4% and 18% of the sum of commercial building HVAC, lighting, and refrigeration energy consumption and is consistent with the typical range of energy waste reported in building commissioning studies. Two faults, “Lights or HVAC Left on When Space Unoccupied” and “Duct Leakage”, account for at least half of the estimated energy impact. Due to data limitations, the faults have large energy impact ranges, particularly controls-related faults.
A Fast Search Algorithm for a Large Fuzzy Database (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> In this paper, we propose a fast search algorithm for a large fuzzy database that stores iris codes or data with a similar binary structure. The fuzzy nature of iris codes and their high dimensionality render many modern search algorithms, mainly relying on sorting and hashing, inadequate. The algorithm that is used in all current public deployments of iris recognition is based on a brute force exhaustive search through a database of iris codes, looking for a match that is close enough. Our new technique, Beacon Guided Search (BGS), tackles this problem by dispersing a multitude of “beacons” in the search space. Despite random bit errors, iris codes from the same eye are more likely to collide with the same beacons than those from different eyes. By counting the number of collisions, BGS shrinks the search range dramatically with a negligible loss of precision. We evaluate this technique using 632 500 iris codes enrolled in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) border control system, showing a substantial improvement in search speed with a negligible loss of accuracy. In addition, we demonstrate that the empirical results match theoretical predictions. </para>
Translation of DNA into a Library of 13 000 Synthetic Small-Molecule Macrocycles Suitable for <i>in Vitro</i> Selection (2008)

DNA-templated organic synthesis enables the translation, selection, and amplification of DNA sequences encoding synthetic small-molecule libraries. Previously we described the DNA-templated multistep synthesis and model in vitro selection of a pilot library of 65 macrocycles. In this work, we report several key developments that enable the DNA-templated synthesis of much larger (>10,000-membered) small-molecule libraries. We developed and validated a capping-based approach to DNA-templated library synthesis that increases final product yields, simplifies the structure and preparation of reagents, and reduces the number of required manipulations. To expand the size and structural diversity of the macrocycle library, we augmented the number of building blocks in each DNA-templated step from 4 to 12, selected 8 different starting scaffolds which result in 4 macrocycle ring sizes and 2 building-block orientations, and confirmed the ability of the 36 building blocks and 8 scaffolds to generate DNA-templated macrocycle products. We computationally generated and experimentally validated an expanded set of codons sufficient to support 1728 combinations of step 1, step 2, and step 3 building blocks. Finally, we developed new high-resolution LC/MS analysis methods to assess the quality of large DNA-templated small-molecule libraries. Integrating these four developments, we executed the translation of 13,824 DNA templates into their corresponding small-molecule macrocycles. Analysis of the resulting libraries is consistent with excellent (>90%) representation of desired macrocycle products and a stringent test of sequence specificity suggests a high degree of sequence fidelity during translation. The quality and structural diversity of this expanded DNA-templated library provides a rich starting point for the discovery of functional synthetic small-molecule macrocycles.
A new large DC gain converter based on a switched-capacitor-inductor circuit in conjunction with fuel cell (2012)

A new converter using a switched-inductor cell integrated with a switched-capacitor cell within a boost-like structure is proposed. The converter can achieve a very high dc conversion ratio. It can serve as the front-end dc-dc converter for a fuel cell in a UPS system. The inductors and capacitors are switched in a parallel-series configuration. The charging circuit of the inductors from the source is separated from the load, what can benefit a DCM operation at light load. A dc analysis of the new circuit leading to the formula of the dc gain and a break-down calculation of the losses are given. Simulation results for a 100 V to 700 V, 10 kW step up converter, are given to verify the theoretical analysis.
DICHLOROFLUOROMETHANESULFENYL CHLORIDE (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDICHLOROFLUOROMETHANESULFENYL CHLORIDENorman S. HamCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1961, 83, 3, 751–752Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01464a052https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01464a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views46Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cytokine Levels in Midtrimester Amniotic Fluid in Normal Pregnancy and in the Prediction of Pre‐eclampsia (2001)

Midtrimester amniotic fluid cytokines may reflect the function of the maternal immune system in the maternal-fetal interface and thus be predictive of pre-eclampsia. We determined the concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-11, IL-12, IL-15, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta in amniotic fluid at 14-16 weeks of gestation from women with normal pregnancies and from those who subsequently developed severe pre-eclampsia. The concentrations of the cytokines in amniotic fluid did not significantly differ between patients and normal controls. The median concentration of IL-6 was 950 pg/ml in normal pregnant women and 578 pg/ml in the patient group. The median concentration of IL-8 was 606 pg/ml in normal controls and 294 pg/ml in the patient group. The levels of IL-6, IL-8 and TGF-beta correlated positively with each other. TNF-alpha concentrations were low and similar in both groups. IL-10 and IL-12 were detected at very low levels in 37 and 7% of the samples, respectively. No difference was found in IL-15 concentrations between the groups. IL-11 was found only at low levels in both groups. Although none of the cytokines measured was predictive of pre-eclampsia, this study provides information of cytokines in amniotic fluid during the period when the spiral arteries are remodelled.
TelegraphCQ: Continuous Dataflow Processing for an Uncertain World. (2003)

Increasingly pervasive networks are leading towards a world where data is constantly in motion. In such a world, conventional techniques for query processing, which were developed under the assumption of a far more static and predictable computational environment, will not be sufficient. Instead, query processors based on adaptive dataflow will be necessary. The Telegraph project has developed a suite of novel technologies for continuously adaptive query processing. The next generation Telegraph system, called TelegraphCQ, is focused on meeting the challenges that arise in handling large streams of continuous queries over high-volume, highly-variable data streams. In this paper, we describe the system architecture and its underlying technology, and report on our ongoing implementation effort, which leverages the PostgreSQL open source code base. We also discuss open issues and our research agenda.
Point cloud labeling using 3D Convolutional Neural Network (2016)

In this paper, we tackle the labeling problem for 3D point clouds. We introduce a 3D point cloud labeling scheme based on 3D Convolutional Neural Network. Our approach minimizes the prior knowledge of the labeling problem and does not require a segmentation step or hand-crafted features as most previous approaches did. Particularly, we present solutions for large data handling during the training and testing process. Experiments performed on the urban point cloud dataset containing 7 categories of objects show the robustness of our approach.
Implicit modeling of swept surfaces and volumes (1994)

Swept surfaces and volumes are generated by moving a geometric model through space. Swept surfaces and volumes are important in many computer-aided design applications including geometric modeling, numerical cutter path generation, and spatial path planning. In this paper we describe a numerical algorithm to generate swept surfaces and volumes using implicit modeling techniques. The algorithm is applicable to any geometric representation for which a distance function can be computed. The algorithm also treats degenerate trajectories such as self-intersection and surface singularity. We show applications of this algorithm to maintainability design and robot path planning. >
A software-radio test-bed for measuring the performance of DVB-S2 receiver circuits (2008)

This paper presents a flexible and versatile DVB-S2 test-bed that combines a set of automated signal generation and analysis instruments along with a powerful software radio processing unit for executing performance analysis experiments of DVB-S2 receiver circuits using realistic scenarios. The test-bed provides a rich set of forward satellite channel impairments and also supports real DVB-S2 signals. All test-bed subunits are interconnected over a LAN and are controlled through a central processing unit, allowing fully automated data acquisition and processing of measurements collected from the various receiver circuits.