gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Importance of Purity Evaluation and the Potential of Quantitative <sup>1</sup>H NMR as a Purity Assay (2014)

In any biomedical and chemical context, a truthful description of chemical constitution requires coverage of both structure and purity. This qualification affects all drug molecules, regardless of development stage (early discovery to approved drug) and source (natural product or synthetic). Purity assessment is particularly critical in discovery programs and whenever chemistry is linked with biological and/or therapeutic outcome. Compared with chromatography and elemental analysis, quantitative NMR (qNMR) uses nearly universal detection and provides a versatile and orthogonal means of purity evaluation. Absolute qNMR with flexible calibration captures analytes that frequently escape detection (water, sorbents). Widely accepted structural NMR workflows require minimal or no adjustments to become practical ¹H qNMR (qHNMR) procedures with simultaneous qualitative and (absolute) quantitative capability. This study reviews underlying concepts, provides a framework for standard qHNMR purity assays, and shows how adequate accuracy and precision are achieved for the intended use of the material.
1401 compatibility feature on the IBM System/360 model 30 (1965)

The "second generation" of stored-program computers, of which the IBM 1400 series was a part, brought EDP into the mass market for the first time on a large scale. As this era unfolded, rapid changes in technology led to rapid obsolescence of data processing equipment. Programs written for a particular system required tedious conversion as incompatible new machines came into use.
Peripheral stem cell transplantation for patients with non-hodgkin lymphoma (1992)

Journal Article Peripheral stem cell transplantation for patients with non-hodgkin lymphoma Get access Anne Kessinger, Anne Kessinger University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar James O. Armitage James O. Armitage University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The International Journal Of Cell Cloning, Volume 10, Issue S1, 1992, Pages 127–128, https://doi.org/10.1002/stem.5530100740 Published: 01 January 1996
Enhancement of T cell proliferative response against autologous cancer cells of a metasatic renal cell carcinoma patient after unexplained regression (2004)

The unexplained regression of a metastasis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is rare phenomenon. While an immune mechanism has been proposed for spontaneous or unexplained regression of RCC, only limited data are available regarding immunological response. We report a case of a 62-year-old man with RCC whose paravertebral pleural tumor regressed after the withdrawal of interferon-alpha. In the present case, we demonstrate the enhancement of T cell proliferative response against autologous RCC cells secondary to the unexplained regression using the mixed-lymphocyte tumor culture. To our knowledge, the enhancement of an antitumor immunity secondary to an unexplained regression of RCC has not previously been reported.
Velocity and attenuation of seismic waves in two-phase media; Part I, Theoretical formulations (1974)

Abstract The propagation of seismic waves in two-phase media is treated theoretically to determine the elastic moduli of the composite medium given the properties, concentrations, and shapes of the inclusions and the matrix material. For long wavelengths the problem is formulated in terms of scattering phenomena in an approach similar to that of Ament (1959). The displacement fields, expanded in series, for waves scattered by an 'effective' composite medium and individual inclusions are equated. The coefficients of the series expansions of the displacement fields provide a relationship between the elastic moduli of the effective medium and those of the matrix and inclusions. The expressions are derived for both solid and liquid inclusions in a solid matrix as well as for solid suspensions in a fluid matrix. Both spherical and oblate spheroidal inclusions are considered.Some numerical calculations are carried out to demonstrate the effects of fluid inclusions of various shapes on the seismic velocities in rocks. It is found that the concentration, shapes, and properties of the inclusions are important parameters. A concentration of a fraction of one percent of thin (small aspect ratio) inclusions could affect the compressional and shear velocities by more than ten percent. For both sedimentary and igneous rock models, the calculations for 'dry' (i.e., air-saturated) and water-saturated states indicate that the compressional velocities change significantly while the shear velocities change much less upon saturation with water.
Comparison of K-Means clustering and statistical outliers in reducing medical datasets (2014)

Data reduction is a process of reducing the datasets in volume, almost used in all real time applications. Although there are several techniques available, many researchers have used K-Means clustering in reducing the datasets. In this paper, three different methods were used to replace missing values with mean, median and a predicted score; the cleaned datasets were reduced using K-Means clustering and Statistical Outlier detection. This research work compares the data reduction percentage performed by K-Means and Statistical Outliers for all the three methods of imputation. The experimental result proves that, the reduction rate of outliers is less than K-Means clustering.
The synthesis of human α‐2‐HS glycoprotein is down‐regulated by cytokines in hepatoma HepG2 cells (1988)

The regulation of the synthesis of alpha-2-HS glycoprotein (AHSG) by inflammatory mediators from activated monocytes was studied on the human hepatoma cell line HepG2 and compared to that of albumin. Monocyte-conditioned medium, recombinant human interleukin-6 (rhIL6) and interleukin-1 beta (rhIL1 beta) all down-regulated the synthesis of AHSG. This decrease was found both at the protein and the mRNA level. The most efficient mediator was the monocyte-conditioned medium, when rhIL1 beta was found to be less efficient than rhIL6. The combination of rhIL6 and rhIL1 beta resulted in an additive down-regulation of the AHSG mRNA levels. Similar results were obtained with albumin. These data indicate that AHSG is a negative acute-phase protein whose synthesis is regulated by cytokines in a manner similar to that of albumin.
Interface Control of Semiconducting Metal Oxide Layers for Efficient and Stable Inverted Polymer Solar Cells with Open-Circuit Voltages over 1.0 Volt (2013)

Inverted polymer solar cells (PSCs) with high open-circuit voltages of 1.00-1.06 V are fabricated by using an indenofluorene-containing copolymer (PIFTBT8) as an electron donor material and [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) as an electron acceptor material. To improve the photovoltaic performance, interface control of various low-temperature processed ZnO films as cathode buffer layers is systematically investigated for effective electron transportation, while transition metal oxides including MoO3, WO3, NiO, and Cu2O are employed as anode buffer layers for hole-extraction. Incorporation of optimized semiconducting metal oxide interlayers can minimize interfacial power losses, which thus affords large open-circuit voltages (Voc), increased short-circuit current densities (Jsc), and fill factors (FF), eventually contributing to higher power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) as well as better device stability. Due to the improved interfacial contacts and fine-matching energy levels, inverted PSCs with a device configuration of ITO/ZnO/PIFTBT8:PC71BM/MoO3/Ag exhibit a high PCE of 5.05% with a large Voc of 1.04 V, a Jsc of 9.74 mA cm(-2), and an FF of 50.1%. For the single junction inverted PSCs with efficiencies over 5.0%, 1.04 V is the largest Voc ever achieved. By controlling the processing conditions of the active layer, the Voc can further be improved to 1.05 and 1.06 V, with PCEs of 4.70% and 4.18%, respectively. More importantly, the inverted PSCs are ascertained to maintain a PCE of 4.55% (>90% of its initial efficiency) and a Voc of 1.05 V over 180 days, demonstrating good long-term stability, which is much better than that of the conventional devices. The results suggest that the interface engineering of metal oxide interlayers is an important strategy to develop PSCs with good performance.
Thermal Characterization of Interlayer Microfluidic Cooling of Three-Dimensional Integrated Circuits With Nonuniform Heat Flux (2010)

It is now widely recognized that the three-dimensional (3D) system integration is a key enabling technology to achieve the performance needs of future microprocessor integrated circuits (ICs). To provide modular thermal management in 3D-stacked ICs, the interlayer microfluidic cooling scheme is adopted and analyzed in this study focusing on a single cooling layer performance. The effects of cooling mode (single-phase versus phase-change) and stack/layer geometry on thermal management performance are quantitatively analyzed, and implications on the through-silicon-via scaling and electrical interconnect congestion are discussed. Also, the thermal and hydraulic performance of several two-phase refrigerants is discussed in comparison with single-phase cooling. The results show that the large internal pressure and the pumping pressure drop are significant limiting factors, along with significant mass flow rate maldistribution due to the presence of hot-spots. Nevertheless, two-phase cooling using R123 and R245ca refrigerants yields superior performance to single-phase cooling for the hot-spot fluxes approaching ∼300 W/cm2. In general, a hybrid cooling scheme with a dedicated approach to the hot-spot thermal management should greatly improve the two-phase cooling system performance and reliability by enabling a cooling-load-matched thermal design and by suppressing the mass flow rate maldistribution within the cooling layer.
Adaptive file management for scientific workflows on the Azure cloud (2013)

Scientific workflows typically communicate data between tasks using files. Currently, on public clouds, this is achieved by using the cloud storage services, which are unable to exploit the workflow semantics and are subject to low throughput and high latencies. To overcome these limitations, we propose an alternative leveraging data locality through direct file transfers between the compute nodes. We rely on the observation that workflows generate a set of common data access patterns that our solution exploits in conjunction with context information to self-adapt, choose the most adequate transfer protocol and expose the data layout within the virtual machines to the workflow engines. This file management system was integrated within the Microsoft Generic Worker workflow engine and was validated using synthetic benchmarks and a real-life application on the Azure cloud. The results show it can bring significant performance gains: up to 5x file transfer speedup compared to solutions based on standard cloud storage and over 25% application timespan reduction compared to Hadoop on Azure.
Hydrocortisone With or Without Mitoxantrone in Men With Hormone-Refractory Prostate Cancer: Results of the Cancer and Leukemia Group B 9182 Study (1999)

M+H generated more frequent responses and a delay in both time to treatment failure and disease progression compared with hydrocortisone alone. In addition, there was a possible benefit of M+H with respect to pain control over hydrocortisone alone. No improvement in survival was observed. Although M+H could be viewed as a palliative option for patients with HRPC, new drugs and novel strategies are needed to improve survival for this disease.
Characterization of a glomerular epithelial cell metalloproteinase as matrix metalloproteinase-9 with enhanced expression in a model of membranous nephropathy. (1996)

The role of the glomerular visceral epithelial cell in the physiologic turnover and pathologic breakdown of the glomerular extracellular matrix has remained largely unexplored. In this study a 98-kD neutral proteinase secreted by cultured rat visceral glomerular epithelial cells was shown to be a calcium, zinc-dependent enzyme secreted in latent form. In addition, the protein was heavily glycosylated and demonstrated proteolytic activity against Type I gelatin, Type IV collagen gelatin, and fibronectin. The similarity in molecular mass and substrate specificities to the 92-kD human matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9, or gelatinase B) suggested the identity of this activity, which was confirmed by immunoprecipitation and Northern blot analysis. The differences in molecular mass (98 vs. 92 kD) were not due to species-specific differences in glycosylation patterns, since cultured rat peritoneal macrophages secreted MMP-9 as a 92-kD enzyme. Furthermore, transfection of the human MMP-9 cDNA into rat glomerular epithelial cells yielded the 98-kD product. Using a specific monoclonal anti-MMP-9 antibody and in situ reverse transcription (ISRT) analysis of MMP-9 mRNA, the expression of this enzyme was evaluated in vivo. Normal rat glomeruli expressed little immunohistochemical or ISRT staining for MMP-9, while in rats with passive Heymann nephritis there was a major increase in MMP-9 protein and mRNA staining within the visceral epithelial cells. The temporal patterns of MMP-9 expression correlated with the period of proteinuria associated with this model, suggesting that a causal relationship may exist between GEC MMP-9 expression and changes in glomerular capillary permeability.
Adult (Not Internal) Medicine (1998)

Letters1 June 1998Adult (Not Internal) MedicineLee Roof, MDLee Roof, MDWhidbey Island Internal Medicine; Coupeville, WA 98239Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-128-11-199806010-00027 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In his editorial on adult medicine, Dr. Goldman [1] struggles to find an appropriate title for the physician who would specialize in the study of adult medicine. I have problems with the term adultist because it invokes the image of an adulterer. Other terms, such as adult doctor and adult physician, prompt the observation that most doctors and physicians are indeed adults.One way to settle this dilemma would be to rename the entire specialty by using adult (from the Latin adultus) as the root term. Two possibilities would be adultology, with the appropriate specialist being an ...References1. Goldman L. Adult (not internal) medicine [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 1997; 127:835-6. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Lee Roof, MDAffiliations: Whidbey Island Internal Medicine; Coupeville, WA 98239 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1998Volume 128, Issue 11Page: 958 ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 June 1998 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Marine natural products (1991)

D. J. Faulkner, Nat. Prod. Rep., 1991, 8, 97 DOI: 10.1039/NP9910800097
Inhibition of the Adherence of P-Fimbriated<i>Escherichia coli</i>to Uroepithelial-Cell Surfaces by Proanthocyanidin Extracts from Cranberries (1998)

The article "Global Surveillance for Antituberculosis-Drug Resistance, 1994-1997" by Pablos-Mndez et al. (June 4 issue) 1 is a clarion call to action by governments and health officials worldwide to combat the increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.
Nicotinic Receptors, Smoking and Schizophrenia (1998)

Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor expression was examined in schizophrenia. The incidence of smoking in schizophrenia is remarkably high and nicotine has been found to normalize an auditory evoked potential deficit seen in most subjects who suffer from this disease. Antagonists and agonists of a specific subset of this receptor family, the alpha7 nicotinic receptor, were found to regulate the gating of filtering of auditory information in both humans and in an animal model. The alpha7 gene has been cloned and a polymorphic dinucleotide repeat near the gene was used for linkage analysis, showing the alpha7 locus to be linked to the P50 deficit. Expression of the alpha7 receptor, which binds nicotine with low affinity, is reduced in the hippocampus of schizophrenics. [3H]-nicotine binding, a measure of the high affinity nicotinic receptors, was also decreased in schizophrenics and does not increase in response to tobacco use, as is seen in control subjects. The results of these studies suggest the presence of abnormal expression and function of the neuronal nicotinic receptor gene family in schizophrenia.
Hierarchical Pattern Matching With An Efficient Method For Estimating Rotations (1987)

Chamfer matching is a method for identifying and locating pre-determined objects in two-dimensional arrays. The method is reported to be very tolerant to noise, due to the cumulative error calculation. This paper will describe an efficient implementation of it for estimating rota-tional and translational parameters. It is suitable for use in vision sys-tems, where fast execution is essential, but the scenes to be analyzed may be noisy and occluded. Novel contributions are the method of estimating the angle of the best rotational fit of the model object with a scene, and the fast rotational scanning applied. Our method speeds up the calculation, especially in a proposed parallel processing environment.
Efficient Context-Aware Lossy Image Compression (2020)

We present an efficient context-aware lossy image compression system to participate in the Low Rate track of the CLIC 2020 Image Compression challenge. Our method is based on an autoencoder pipeline augmented with a nested hyperprior model, a PixelCNN-based context model and an adversarial loss to remove artefacts.
Morphological Transitions Governed by Density Dependence and Lipoxygenase Activity in<i>Aspergillus flavus</i> (2008)

Aspergillus flavus differentiates to produce asexual dispersing spores (conidia) or overwintering survival structures called sclerotia. Results described here show that these two processes are oppositely regulated by density-dependent mechanisms and that increasing the cell density (from 10(1) to 10(7) cells/plate) results in the lowest numbers of sclerotial and the highest numbers of conidial. Extract from spent medium of low-cell-density cultures induced a high-sclerotium-number phenotype, whereas high-cell-density extract increased conidiation. Density-dependent development is also modified by changes in lipid availability. Exogenous linoleic acid increased sclerotial production at intermediate cell densities (10(4) and 10(5) cells/plate), whereas oleic and linolenic acids inhibited sclerotium formation. Deletion of Aflox encoding a lipoxygenase (LOX) greatly diminished density-dependent development of both sclerotia and conidia, resulting in an overall increase in the number of sclerotia and a decrease in the number of conidia at high cell densities (>10(5) cells/plate). Aflox mutants showed decreased linoleic acid LOX activity. Taken together, these results suggest that there is a quorum-sensing mechanism in which a factor(s) produced in dense cultures, perhaps a LOX-derived metabolite, activates conidium formation, while a factor(s) produced in low-density cultures stimulates sclerotium formation.
Ammonia Production by Ruminal Microorganisms and Enumeration, Isolation, and Characterization of Bacteria Capable of Growth on Peptides and Amino Acids from the Sheep Rumen (2002)

Excessive NH(3) production in the rumen is a major nutritional inefficiency in ruminant animals. Experiments were undertaken to compare the rates of NH(3) production from different substrates in ruminal fluid in vitro and to assess the role of asaccharolytic bacteria in NH(3) production. Ruminal fluid was taken from four rumen-fistulated sheep receiving a mixed hay-concentrate diet. The calculated rate of NH(3) production from Trypticase varied from 1.8 to 19.7 nmol mg of protein(-1) min(-1) depending on the substrate, its concentration, and the method used. Monensin (5 micro M) inhibited NH(3) production from proteins, peptides, and amino acids by an average of 28% with substrate at 2 mg/ml, compared to 48% with substrate at 20 mg/ml (P = 0.011). Of the total bacterial population, 1.4% grew on Trypticase alone, of which 93% was eliminated by 5 micro M monensin. Many fewer bacteria (0.002% of the total) grew on amino acids alone. Nineteen isolates capable of growth on Trypticase were obtained from four sheep. 16S ribosomal DNA and traditional identification methods indicated the bacteria fell into six groups. All were sensitive to monensin, and all except one group (group III, similar to Atopobium minutum), produced NH(3) at >250 nmol min(-1) mg of protein(-1), depending on the medium, as determined by a batch culture method. All isolates had exopeptidase activity, but only group III had an apparent dipeptidyl peptidase I activity. Groups I, II, and IV were most closely related to asaccharolytic ruminal and oral Clostridium and Eubacterium spp. Group V comprised one isolate, similar to Desulfomonas piger (formerly Desulfovibrio pigra). Group VI was 95% similar to Acidaminococcus fermentans. Growth of the Atopobium- and Desulfomonas-like isolates was enhanced by sugars, while growth of groups I, II, and V was significantly depressed by sugars. This study therefore demonstrates that different methodologies and different substrate concentrations provide an explanation for different apparent rates of ruminal NH(3) production reported in different studies and identifies a diverse range of hyper-ammonia-producing bacteria in the rumen of sheep.
A Genetic Screen Identifies Novel Polycomb Group Genes in Drosophila (2007)

Polycomb group (PcG) genes encode evolutionarily conserved transcriptional repressors that are required for the long-term silencing of particular developmental control genes in animals and plants. PcG genes were first identified in Drosophila as regulators that keep HOX genes inactive in cells where these genes must remain silent during development. Here, we report the results of a genetic screen aimed at isolating novel PcG mutants in Drosophila. In an EMS mutagenesis, we isolated 82 mutants that show Polycomb-like phenotypes in clones in the adult epidermis and misexpression of the HOX gene Ubx in clones in the imaginal wing disc. Analysis of these mutants revealed that we isolated multiple new alleles in most of the already- known PcG genes. In addition, we isolated multiple mutant alleles in each of ten different genes that previously had not been known to function in PcG repression. We show that the newly identified PcG gene calypso is required for the long-term repression of multiple HOX genes in embryos and larvae. In addition, our studies reveal that the Kto/Med12 and Skd/Med13 subunits of the Med12.Med13.Cdk8.CycC repressor subcomplex of Mediator are needed for repression of the HOX gene Ubx. The results of the mutant screen reported here suggest that the majority of nonredundant Drosophila genes with strong classic PcG phenotypes have been identified.