gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Delphinidin, an anthocyanidin in pigmented fruits and vegetables, induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in human colon cancer HCT116 cells (2008)

Because of unsatisfactory treatment options for colon cancer, there is a need to develop novel preventive approaches for this malignancy. One such strategy is through chemoprevention by the use of non-toxic dietary substances and botanical products. Delphinidin, an anthocyanidin in pigmented fruits and vegetables, possesses strong anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In the present study, we investigated the antiproliferative and proapoptotic properties of delphinidin in human colon cancer HCT116 cells. We found that treatment of cells with delphinidin (30-240 microM; 48 h) resulted in (i) decrease in cell viability (ii) induction of apoptosis, (iii) cleavage of PARP, (iv) activation of caspases-3, -8, and -9, (v) increase in Bax with a concomitant decrease in Bcl-2 protein, and (vi) G2/M phase cell cycle arrest. NF-kappaB provides a mechanistic link between inflammation and cancer, and is a major factor controlling the ability of both pre-neoplastic and malignant cells to resist apoptosis-based tumor surveillance mechanisms. We therefore, determined the effect of delphinidin on NF-kappaB signaling pathway. The immunoblot, ELISA and EMSA analysis demonstrated that the treatment of HCT116 cells with delphinidin resulted in the inhibition of (i) IKKalpha, (ii) phosphorylation and degradation of IkappaBalpha, (iii) phosphorylation of NF-kappaB/p65 at Ser(536), (iv) nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB/p65, (v) NF-kappaB/p65 DNA binding activity, and (vi) transcriptional activation of NF-kappaB. Our results suggest that delphinidin treatment of HCT116 cells suppressed NF-kappaB pathway, resulting in G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis. We suggest that delphinidin could have potential in inhibiting colon cancer growth.
Occurrence of alpha-D-galactosyl residues in the thyroglobulins from several species. Localization in the saccharide chains of the complex carbohydrate units. (1984)

Treatment of thyroglobulins from several mammalian sources (calf, sheep, pig, dog, rat, rabbit, guinea pig, and man) with alpha-galactosidase demonstrated a species-dependent occurrence of terminal alpha-D-galactosyl residues which ranged from 11 mol/mol of protein (23% of total galactose) in calf to a complete absence in man. The presence of the alpha-D-galactosyl groups resulted in a partial binding of the thyroglobulins (greater than 70% in calf and sheep) to Bandeiraea simplicifolia I-agarose, and this lectin-thyroglobulin interaction could be quantitated by a solid-phase assay utilizing 125I-labeled B. simplicifolia I. Sequential glycosidase digestions of calf thyroglobulin glycopeptides containing the complex carbohydrate unit (unit B) and characterization of oligosaccharide obtained by partial acid hydrolysis indicated that the alpha-D-galactosyl residues are located on oligosaccharide branches with an alpha-D-Gal-(1----3)-beta-D-Gal-(1----4)-D-GlcNAc sequence. While mild acid treatment of calf thyroglobulin glycopeptides yielded a disaccharide, alpha-D-Gal-(1----3)-D-Gal, and a trisaccharide, alpha-D-Gal-(1----3)-beta-D-Gal-(1----4)-D-GlcNAc, which could be resolved by B. simplicifolia I-agarose or thin-layer chromatography, similar hydrolysis of the human unit B-containing glycopeptides did not produce such components. A study of various glycopeptides indicated that the alpha-D-galactosyl residues are unevenly distributed among the multiple complex carbohydrate units of calf thyroglobulin and are preferentially located in units with a relatively low sialic acid content. During affinity chromatography on B. simplicifolia I-agarose, glycopeptides with multiple alpha-D-galactosyl groups bound more firmly to the lectin than those which contained only a single residue. In contrast to the alpha-D-galactosyl residues, beta-linked galactose of calf thyroglobulin was primarily bound in penultimate locations being susceptible to enzymatic release only after prior removal of capping sialyl and alpha-D-galactosyl groups. The isolation of N-acetyllactosamine and a beta-D-Gal----beta-D-GlcNAc----D-Man trisaccharide from partial acid hydrolysates helped to position the beta-D-galactosyl residues in the oligosaccharide branches of the complex carbohydrate units.
Filters with Single Transmission Zeros at Real or Imaginary Frequencies (1976)

A new unified theory is presented for the synthesis of exactly equiripple low-pass prototypes having: a) one simple pole of attenuation at a real frequency; or b) a single pair of real-axis transmission zeros (giving linear-phase performance). These types of filters may be regarded as representing the least possible degree of complication over the conventional Chebyshev filter, and are usually realized with one extra cross coupling in the structure. It is demonstrated that this gives much improved skirt selectivity in the case of a finite frequency pole, making it a viable intermediate case between the Chebyshev and elliptic function filters, while in the case of real-frequency zeros, very flat group delay over 50 percent of the passband is achieved with minimal cost in insertion loss and skirt rejection. Approximate and exact synthesis techniques are described, including results for the previously neglected odd-degree case. Experimental results demonstrate agreement with theory.
Evaluation of Malolactic Bacteria Isolated from Oregon Wines (1989)

Oregon is a cool wine-producing region where grapes characteristically contain high concentrations of organic acids. To reduce the natural acidity and increase the microbiological stability and flavor complexity of the wine, malolactic fermentation is encouraged. In this study, strains of Leuconostoc oenos indigenous to Oregon wines were evaluated for their suitability to conduct malolactic fermentation in Oregon wines. Tests determined the malolactic activity of the Oregon isolates in comparison with commercial strains ML-34, PSU-1, MLT-kli, and ens 44-40 under various temperature and pH conditions. Sensitivities to sulfur dioxide, ethanol, and fumaric acid also were determined. Two Oregon strains, Er-1a and Ey-2d, were selected for commercial winemaking tests because they had greater malolactic activity under conditions of low pH (3.0) and low temperature (15 and 8 degrees C), respectively.
p53 Mediates Repression of the BRCA2 Promoter and Down-regulation of BRCA2 mRNA and Protein Levels in Response to DNA Damage (2003)

Adriamycin and other DNA-damaging agents have been shown to reduce BRCA2 mRNA levels in breast cancer cell lines, but the mechanism by which this occurs is unknown. In this study, we show that adriamycin and mitomycin C, but not other DNA-damaging agents, repress BRCA2 promoter activity in a dose- and time-dependent manner. We demonstrate that the effect is dependent on wild type p53 and that adriamycin and p53 mediate repression of the BRCA2 promoter by inhibiting binding of an upstream stimulatory factor protein complex to the promoter. In addition, we present evidence indicating that adriamycin and other DNA-damaging agents reduce BRCA2 mRNA and protein levels by altering both BRCA2 mRNA stability and protein stability. Thus, BRCA2 levels in the cell are regulated by three independent mechanisms in a p53-dependent manner.
Time-Dependent Wellbore (In) Stability Predictions: Theory and Case Study (2000)

Abstract Time-dependent wellbore (in)stability during oil and gas drilling account for a significant amount of lost rig time and substantially increased drilling costs ($700 million annually according to conservative estimates). Coupled time-dependent processes have been previously described in the realm of the poroelasticity theory. This wellbore (in)stability modeling approach allows the drilling engineer to systematically include the stress variation around the wellbore and the associated rock deformation and pore pressure changes. In this paper, in addition to the analyses conducted on the previously derived solutions for thermal and pore fluid diffusion, the time-dependent solution for stresses and pore pressures considering the mud and formation shale activities are presented. These solutions are the basis of the software, PBORE-3D, which utilizes contemporary programming techniques and can perform analyses of stress/pore pressure, formation failure, mud weight, and mud-salinity design for drilling shale formations. The model is especially useful in the prediction and visualization of time-dependent break-outs created due to inadequate mud weights; as well as time-dependent alteration of the near wellbore stress concentration caused by excessive mud weights leading to lost circulation problems. A case study is presented in this work which demonstrates the straightforward application of the model to challenging drilling conditions.
Hydra: multiple people detection and tracking using silhouettes (2003)

Hydra is a real-time system for detecting and tracking multiple people when they appear in a group. We describe the computational models employed by Hydra to track multiple people before, during and after occlusion. Hydra combines a silhouette-based shape model, a motion model, and correlation-based matching methods to classify whether or not a foreground region contains multiple people, and to segment the region into its constituent people and track them. Experimental results demonstrate robustness and real-time performance of the algorithm.
Fresh osteochondral allografts: results in the patellofemoral joint. (2005)

Level IV (case series--no, or historical control group). See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The role of anti-aquaporin 4 antibody in the conversion of acute brainstem syndrome to neuromyelitis optica (2016)

ABS represents an inaugural or limited form of NMO in a high proportion of anti-AQP4 (+) patients.
...And Eat It Too: High Read Performance in Write-Optimized HPC I/O Middleware File Formats (CMU-PDL-09-111) (2018)

As HPC applications run on increasingly high process counts on larger and larger machines, both the frequency of checkpoints needed for fault tolerance and the resolution and size of Data Analysis Dumps are expected to increase proportionally. In order to maintain an acceptable ratio of time spent performing useful computation work to time spent performing I/O, write bandwidth to the underlying storage system must increase proportionally to this increase in the checkpoint and computation size. Unfortunately, popular scientific self-describing file formats such as netCDF and HDF5 are designed with a focus on portability and exibility. Extra care and careful crafting of the output structure and API calls is required to optimize for write performance using these APIs. To provide sufficient write bandwidth to continue to support the demands of scientific applications, the HPC community has developed a number of I/O middleware layers, that structure output into write-optimized file formats. However, the obvious concern with any write optimized file format would be a corresponding penalty on reads. In the log-structured filesystem, for example, a file generated by random writes could be written efficiently, but reading the file back sequentially later would result in very poor performance. Simulation results require efficient read-back for visualization and analytics, and though most checkpoint files are never used, the efficiency of a restart is very important in the face of inevitable failures. The utility of write speed improving middleware would be greatly diminished if it sacrificed acceptable read performance. In this paper we examine the read performance of two write-optimized middleware layers on large parallel machines and compare it to reading data natively in popular file formats.
A business case for health informatics standards. (1994)

The acceleration of health informatics standards development has both value to health care delivery as well as economic value to the nation's economy. This paper describes the business case for standards development to enable development and implementation of computer-based patient record systems.
The use of 4-substituted pyridines to afford amphiphilic, pegylated cadmium selenide nanoparticlesElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: TEM images and absorbance profiles. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/cc/b2/b208718a/ (2002)

Amphiphilic cadmium selenide (CdSe) nanoparticles were prepared by surface functionalization with novel ligands 1 and 2, composed of pyridine moieties substituted in the 4-position with polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains.
Subspace tracking for group-blind multiuser detectors (2003)

This paper considers DS-CDMA systems with both inter- and intra-cell interference. The users inside the cell are assumed to have known codes, while the codes of the users outside the cell are unknown. To reduce the interference from both known and unknown users, a hybrid group-blind multiuser detector, derived in a previous paper, can be used. In the current paper we consider real time implementation using subspace tracking, and adapt the NA-CSVD (noise average cross-terms singular value decomposition) to the hybrid group-blind multiuser detector. The NA-CSVD algorithm is a new efficient QR Jacobi-type subspace tracking algorithm which has complexity O(Nd), where N is the processing gain and d is the number of out-of-cell users. It is shown that the NA-CSVD implementation of the hybrid multi-user detector has good performance, and that the performance considerably exceeds that of the purely blind detector, because of the sensitivity of the NA-CSVD to subspace dimension and the lower subspace dimension of the group-blind detector.
Safety and efficacy of a <scp>CXCR</scp>2 antagonist in patients with severe asthma and sputum neutrophils: a randomized, placebo‐controlled clinical trial (2012)

This new treatment provides an opportunity to investigate the role of neutrophils in severe asthma with potential clinical benefits. Larger studies of longer duration are needed to evaluate the impact on other outcomes of asthma including exacerbations.
A divergent gene family encoding candidate olfactory receptors of the moth <i>Heliothis virescens</i> (2002)

The antennae of moths have been an invaluable model for studying the principles of odour perception. In spite of the enormous progress in understanding olfaction on the molecular level, for the moth one of the key elements in olfactory signalling, the odourant receptors, are still elusive. We have assessed a genome database of a heliothine moth (Heliothis virescens, Noctuidae) and employed exon-specific probes to screen an antennal cDNA library of this species. Analysis of isolated cDNA-clones led to the discovery of a divergent gene family encoding putative seven-transmembrane domain proteins. The notion that they may encode candidate olfactory receptors of the moth, was supported by a tissue-specific expression; several of the subtypes were exclusively expressed in antennae. By means of double-labelling in situ hybridization studies it was demonstrated that the receptors are indeed expressed in antennal sensory neurons; moreover, each receptor subtype appears to be expressed in a distinct population of sensory cells. The results strongly suggest that the newly discovered gene family indeed encodes olfactory receptors of moth.
Enhancement of Fracture Healing by Mechanical and Surgical Intervention (1998)

Mechanical modulation of bone fracture repair and restoration to its structural strength must rely on the fundamental physical concept of remodeling according to the type of stress applied to immature or undifferentiated tissue. This article proposes the possible mechanisms of interaction between physical factors and cellular responses in healing long bone fractures and speculates on the advantages and limitations of different experimental models in evaluating these interactions. A revised classification system of fracture union types based on histomorphologic characteristics is introduced here as a reference standard in the studies of possible accelerating factors. Bone fracture union can follow more than one or two pathways, with various combinations of bone formation mechanisms, whereas there may be only one bone remodeling principle. There are definite mechanical and operative interventions that can provide effective enhancement to fracture healing. However, different intervention may limit its association to a specific healing mechanism. The key element in establishing these interactions is defining the precise cellular and molecular mechanisms in a quantitative manner. This can be achieved best by interdisciplinary research collaborations working on a higher level of expertise in each related field using standardized experimental models. Not only a basic understanding of the associated cellular reactions is necessary, but also the specific forms of mechanical stimulation, the dose effect, and its application timing must be determined and validated. Without this basic research effort, it would be difficult to transform such an augmentational modality into effective and reliable therapeutic regimens for clinical application. Furthermore, successful fracture repair enhancement must have proper new bone formation maintenance and remodeling through physiologic loading, or the initial stimulation process may be short lived and unable to reestablish the required biomechanical strength of the long bone. Finally, there is no substitute for a well organized and carefully controlled prospective clinical trial in establishing the validity of any bone fracture healing enhancement modality, regardless of its nature and form of application.
A novel D-latch in multiple-valued semi-floating-gate recharged logic (2004)

In this paper, we present several different proposals for implementing a multiple-valued (MV) semi-floating-gate (SFG) D-latch. This paper aims to illustrate the advantages and disadvantages of each approach. Measurements from a fabricated chip in a 0.6 /spl mu/m CUP process is included for verifying the detailed arguments.
Posttraumatic stress disorder in rape victims: Autonomic habituation to auditory stimuli (2001)

Impaired capacity for physiological habituation may contribute to the persistence of PTSD. Habituation of autonomic responses to auditory tones was examined in 43 women in three groups: 14 adult female rape survivors with chronic PTSD, 11 without PTSD, and a comparison group of 18 who had not been raped. There were no significant differences among the groups in baseline cardiac or electrodermal activity. The PTSD group showed significantly slower electrodermal habituation, as measured by trials to extinction and percentage of nonhabituators, than did the comparison groups. The present study found slower habituation of electrodermal responses for PTSD rape victims to neutral stimuli than for non-PTSD victims and nonvictims.
Rational Design of Selective Submicromolar Inhibitors of <i>Tritrichomonas foetus</i> Hypoxanthine-Guanine-Xanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase (2000)

All parasitic protozoa lack the ability to synthesize purine nucleotides de novo, relying instead on purine salvage enzymes for their survival. Hypoxanthine-guanine-xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGXPRT) from the protozoan parasite Tritrichomonas foetus is a rational target for antiparasitic drug design because it is the primary enzyme the parasite uses to salvage purine bases from the host. The study presented here is a continuation of our efforts to use the X-ray structure of the T. foetus HGXPRT-GMP complex to design compounds that bind tightly to the purine pocket of HGXPRT. The goal of the current project was to improve the affinity and selectivity of previously identified HGXPRT inhibitor TF1 [4-(3-nitroanilino)phthalic anhydride]. A virtual library of substituted 4-phthalimidocarboxanilides was constructed using methods of structure-based drug design, and was implemented synthetically on solid support. Compound 20 [(4'-phthalimido)carboxamido-3-benzyloxybenzene] was then used as a secondary lead for the second round of combinatorial chemistry, producing a number of low-micromolar inhibitors of HGXPRT. One of these compounds, TF2 [(4'-phthalimido)carboxamido-3-(4-bromobenzyloxy)benzene], was further characterized as a competitive inhibitor of T. foetus HGXPRT with respect to guanine with a K(I) of 0.49 microM and a 30-fold selectivity over the human HGPRT. TF2 inhibited the growth of cultured T. foetus cells in a concentration-dependent manner with an ED(50) of 2.8 microM, and this inhibitory effect could be reversed by addition of exogenous hypoxanthine. These studies underscore the efficiency of combining structure-based drug design with combinatorial chemistry to produce effective species-specific enzyme inhibitors of medicinal importance.
Advanced mammalian gene transfer: high titre retroviral vectors with multiple drug selection markers and a complementary helper-free packaging cell line (1990)

We report the development of an advanced system for transfer and expression of exogenous genes in mammalian cells based on Moloney murine leukemia virus (Mo MuLV). Extensive deletion/mutagenesis analysis to identify cis-acting signals involved in virus transmission has led to the design of a family of novel, highly efficient retroviral vectors and a partner helper-free packaging cell line. The pBabe retroviral vector constructs transmit inserted genes at high titres and express them from the Mo MuLV Long Terminal Repeat (LTR). Each of these vectors has been constructed with one of four different dominantly acting selectable markers, allowing the growth of infected mammalian cells in the presence of G418, hygromycin B, bleomycin/phleomycin or puromycin, respectively. The high titre ecotropic helper free packaging cell line, omega E, was designed in conjunction with the pBabe vectors to reduce the risk of generation of wild type Mo MuLV via homologous recombination events. The omega E cell line was generated with separate gagpol and ecotropic env expression constructs with minimal sequence overlap and decreased sequence homology achieved by 'codon wobbling'. Homologous env coding sequences were deleted from the pBabe vectors without diminishing recombinant vector titre. Together, the pBabe vectors and omega E cell line should prove useful in experiments where highest frequencies of gene transfer, or concomitant expression of several different genes within a single cell are required with minimal risk of helper virus contamination.
Expandable metal stents in achalasia— is there a role? (2000)

Expandable metal stents in achalasia or pseudoachalasia do not provide sustained symptom relief, and their use is associated with unacceptably high morbidity and mortality. We do not recommend the use of these devices in patients who have failed medical therapy or who are poor surgical candidates.
High-performance CMOS system design using wave pipelining (1996)

Wave pipelining, or maximum rate pipelining, is a circuit design technique that allows digital synchronous systems to be clocked at rates higher than can be achieved with conventional pipelining techniques. It relies on the predictable finite signal propagation delay through combinational logic for virtual data storage. Wave pipelining of combinational circuits has been shown to achieve clock rates 2 to 7-times those possible for the same circuits with conventional pipelining. Conventional pipelined systems allow data to propagate from a register through the combinational network to another register prior to initiating the subsequent data transfer. Thus, the maximum operating frequency is determined by the maximum propagation delay through the longest pipeline stage. Wave pipelined systems apply the subsequent data to the network as soon as it can be guaranteed that it will not interfere with the current data wave. The maximum operating frequency of a wave pipeline is therefore determ...