gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Attachment of a noninvasive enteric pathogen, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, to cultured human intestinal epithelial monolayers induces transmigration of neutrophils (1996)

An intense inflammatory cell infiltrate, consisting primarily of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), accompanies enteric infection by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC). The mechanism(s) by which this pathogen elicits PMN recruitment has not been studied. To determine whether EPEC infection of intestinal epithelial cells induces PMN to transmigrate, an in vitro model consisting of cultured human intestinal epithelial monolayers (T84), a human EPEC strain (E2348/69), and isolated human PMN was used. Results of these studies showed that EPEC attachment to T84 monolayers stimulated the transepithelial migration of PMN in a dose-dependent fashion. This event was not attributable to the classic bacterial chemoattractants, n-formylated peptides, or other soluble bacterial factors. A nonadherent EPEC strain, JPN15, was unable to cause PMN to cross the epithelial monolayer. Epithelial protein synthesis was required for maximum EPEC-induced PMN transmigration to occur. Transfer assays demonstrated the presence of a chemokine in sterilized medium from infected monolayers. Neutralizing antibodies to interleukin 8 ablated approximately 50% of the chemotactic activity. Studies with EPEC mutant strains revealed that the eaeB gene, required for the activation of signal transduction pathways in host cells, was crucial for eliciting PMN transmigration. These data show for the first time that attachment of a noninvasive enteric pathogen to intestinal epithelial cells induces PMN transmigration. These findings strongly suggest that EPEC attachment to target host cells activates a signal transduction cascade which ultimately leads to the expression and release of an epithelium-derived chemotactic factor(s) for PMN.
[A general solution to the linkage of anonymous medical data]. (1990)

The necessity for confidentiality entails that most medical data on files do not allow for a precise identification of patients. A statistical pattern has been defined to assess the average difference between the real (unknown) number of patients in the file and the approximate number derived by linkage from indirect available data (date of birth, sex,...). An example is here given, which allows for the epidemiological use of anonymous data concerning hospitalized patients at the Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris. This method is of general application for all files of anonymous data.
Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1, 2 and 3 in placentas from normal and complicated pregnancies (2001)

Extensive angiogenesis and invasion of the maternal decidua by trophoblasts are essential for the development and function of the placenta. Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF), placenta growth factor (PlGF) and their receptors VEGFR-1/Flt-1, VEGFR-2/KDR and VEGFR-3/Flt4 have important roles in vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. We have studied the localization of these proteins by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting in the placenta and of PlGF in maternal serum, and their association with diabetes, pre-eclampsia, fetal growth restriction (FGR) and fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-3 were detected mainly in the syncytiotrophoblastic layer whereas VEGFR-2 was detected in the vascular endothelial cells of the placenta. VEGFR-1, but not the other receptors, showed increased expression in placental syncytiotrophoblasts from 50% of patients with severe pre-eclampsia and FGR when compared with normal placentas. PlGF was undetectable in 38 of 44 samples of amniotic fluid of mothers with normal and complicated pregnancies. However, maternal serum PlGF concentrations were significantly lower in pre-eclamptic patients and in those with FGR when compared to diabetic women or healthy controls. These results suggest that low maternal serum PlGF and increased placental expression of its receptor VEGFR-1 are associated with pre-eclampsia and FGR.
Piezoelectric Materials in RF Applications (2016)

The development of several types of mobile objects requires new devices, such as high‐performance filters, microelectromechanical systems and other components. Piezoelectric materials are crucial to reach the expected performance of mobile objects because they exhibit high quality factors and sharp resonance and some of them are compatible with collective manufacturing technologies. We reviewed the main piezoelectric materials that can be used for radio frequency (RF) applications and herein report data on some devices. The modelling of piezoelectric plates and structures in the context of electronic circuits is presented. Among RF devices, filters are the most critical as the piezoelectric material must operate at RF frequencies. The main filter structures and characterisation methods, in accordance with such operating conditions as high frequencies and high power, are also discussed.
Healthy Lifestyles Related to Subsequent Prevalence of Age-Related Macular Degeneration (2010)

Modifying lifestyles might reduce risk for early AMD as much as 3-fold, lowering the risk for advanced AMD in a person's lifetime and the social and economic costs of AMD to society.
Prevascularization of porous biodegradable polymers (1993)

Highly porous biocompatible and biodegradable polymers in the form of cylindrical disks of 13.5 mm diameter were implanted in the mesentery of male syngeneic Fischer rats for a period of 35 days to study the dynamics of tissue ingrowth and the extent of tissue vascularity, and to explore their potential use as substrates for cell transplantation. The advancing fibrovascular tissue was characterized from histological sections of harvested devices by image analysis techniques. The rate of tissue ingrowth increased as the porosity and/or the pore size of the implanted devices increased. The time required for the tissue to fill the device depended on the polymer crystallinity and was smaller for amorphous polymers. The vascularity of the advancing tissue was consistent with time and independent of the biomaterial composition and morphology. Poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) devices of 5 mm thickness, 24.5% crystallinity, 83% porosity, and 166 mum median pore diameter were filled by tissue after 25 days. However, the void volume of prevascularized devices (4%) was minimal and not practical for cell transplantation. In contrast, for amporphous PLLA devices of the same dimensions, and the similar porosity of 87% and median pore diameter of 179 mum, the tissue did not fill completely prevascularized devices, and an appreciable percentage (21%) of device volume was still available for cell engraftment after 25 days of implantation. These studies demonstrate the feasibility of creating vascularized templates of amorphous biodegradable polymers for the transplantation of isolated or encapsulated cell populations to regenerate metabolic organs and tissues.
Semantically-enriched 3D models for common-sense knowledge (2015)

We identify and connect a set of physical properties to 3D models to create a richly-annotated 3D model dataset with data on physical sizes, static support, attachment surfaces, material compositions, and weights. To collect these physical property priors, we leverage observations of 3D models within 3D scenes and information from images and text. By augmenting 3D models with these properties we create a semantically rich, multi-layered dataset of common indoor objects. We demonstrate the usefulness of these annotations for improving 3D scene synthesis systems, enabling faceted semantic queries into 3D model datasets, and reasoning about how objects can be manipulated by people using weight and static friction estimates.
Serum supplements and serum-free media: applicability for microcarrier culture of animal cells. (1981)

Several different combinations of serum supplements and also serum-free media were examined for their ability to support the growth of MRC-5 and Vero cells on Cytodex microcarriers. Greater economy of serum was achieved for routine microcarrier culture by selecting the type of serum supplement, on the basis of whether the supplement was to support attachment and growth of cells at low densities or growth of cells at later stages in the culture cycle. Further economy was achieved by altering the serum concentration according to the requirements of each stage of the culture cycle. More consistent results were obtained when batches of serum were selected on the basis of quality control tests with microcarrier culture as well as with monolayer culture. Low serum and serum-free media were able to support the growth of cells in microcarrier cultures. A mixture of DME/Medium 199 (50/50) containing foetal calf serum (0.5%, v/v), BSA and EGF supported growth of MRC-5 and Vero cells to nearly the same extent as DME/Medium 199 containing 10% (v/v) foetal calf serum. Serum-free media was used to achieve cell yields at least one half of those attained with serum-supplemented media. Maximum growth was obtained when DME/Medium 199 was supplemented with fibronectin, BSA, insulin, transferrin, putrescine, fetuin and EFG. Fetuin was omitted and replaced by dexamethasone and trace metals with only a slight reduction in cell yield. Fibronectin was essential in all serum-free media.
Large scale recurrent neural network on GPU (2014)

Large scale artificial neural networks (ANNs) have been widely used in data processing applications. The recurrent neural network (RNN) is a special type of neural network equipped with additional recurrent connections. Such a unique architecture enables the recurrent neural network to remember the past processed information and makes it an expressive model for nonlinear sequence processing tasks. However, the large computation complexity makes it difficult to effectively train a recurrent neural network and therefore significantly limits the research on the recurrent neural network in the last 20 years. In recent years, the use of graphics processing units (GPUs) becomes a significant advance to speed up the training process of large scale neural networks by taking advantage of the massive parallelism capabilities of GPUs. In this paper, we propose an efficient GPU implementation of the large scale recurrent neural network and demonstrate the power of scaling up the recurrent neural network with GPUs. We first explore the potential parallelism of the recurrent neural network and propose a fine-grained two-stage pipeline implementation. Experiment results show that the proposed GPU implementation can achieve 2 ~ 11 x speed-up compared with the basic CPU implementation with the Intel Math Kernel Library. We then use the proposed GPU implementation to scale up the recurrent neural network and improve its performance. The experiment results of the Microsoft Research Sentence Completion Challenge demonstrate that the large scale recurrent network without class layer is able to beat the traditional class-based modest-size recurrent network and achieve an accuracy of 47%, the best result achieved by a single recurrent neural network on the same dataset.
阮籍及其《詠懷詩》研究 (2013)

阮籍（210-263）是中國詩歌史上最重要的詩人之一，其五言詠懷詩藝術上代表了五言詩的成熟，內容曲折地反映了當時社會的種種，格調之高是詩歌史上所少見，詠懷組詩的形式與精神更影響了後世眾多詩人。鍾嶸《詩品》指出阮籍詩歌源出於小雅，事實上其受《楚辭》的影響也非常深刻。本論文試圖探討屈原辭賦對詠懷詩的影響，同時也論述時代背景、阮籍生平與詠懷詩之間的關係。

第一章「緒論」首先提出研究的動機，介紹阮籍詠懷詩研究的概況與成果，並說明本論文撰寫的方法。

第二章「阮籍的時代與心靈」，概述阮籍所處的時代與阮籍的生平，包括魏晉時期的政局、風氣、當時的玄學與文學發展，阮籍的個性、志向、仕宦經歷與交遊，以及這些背景對阮籍詠懷詩的影響。

第三章與第四章主要探討屈原辭賦對阮籍詠懷詩的影響。第三章主要提出詠懷詩的內容繼承了屈原辭賦中的四個世界：現實世界、自然世界、歷史世界、神話世界。同時提出詠懷詩直接化用屈原辭賦之處。第四章分析了詠懷詩所繼承的屈原辭賦中的主題，包括獨醒與叩問、世無知音與孤獨之嘆、失路之悲。

第五章「結論」對於全篇論旨作一簡要總結，並提出個人的心得與省思。
Identification of sequences required for the efficient localization of the focal adhesion kinase, pp125FAK, to cellular focal adhesions. (1993)

The integrin family of heterodimeric cell surface receptors play critical roles in multiple biological processes by mediating cellular adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM). Adhesion triggers intracellular signaling cascades, including tyrosine phosphorylation and elevation of [Ca2+]i. The Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK or pp125FAK), a protein tyrosine kinase that colocalizes with integrins in cellular focal adhesions, is a prime candidate for a mediator of integrin signaling events. Here we report an analysis of the domain structure of FAK in which we have identified a contiguous stretch of 159 amino acids within the COOH terminus essential for correct subcellular localization. When placed in the context of an unrelated cytosolic protein, this Focal Adhesion Targeting (FAT) sequence functions to efficiently mediate the focal adhesion localization of this fusion protein. Furthermore, this analysis suggests that pp125FAK cannot be activated oncogenically by mutation. This result could be explained if pp125FK either exhibits a narrow substrate specificity or is diametrically opposed by cellular phosphatases or other cellular processes.
Abstract 2728: Onartuzumab (MetMAb) restores sensitivity to erlotinib in EGFR mutant NSCLC cells expressing HGF (2012)

Abstract Background: Onartuzumab (MetMAb) is a humanized monovalent monoclonal antibody that blocks binding of HGF to Met. The combination of onartuzumab + erlotinib is currently being evaluated in a Phase III clinical trial for 2nd/3rd line NSCLC (1). EGFR-activating mutations, including deletions of exon 19 and L858R point mutations, are associated with better response to erlotinib. However, EGFR mutant NSCLC tumors with high HGF expression are less responsive to EGFR small molecule inhibitors (2) (3). Since onartuzumab blocks HGF-induced Met activation, the addition of onartuzumab to erlotinib may be more beneficial than erlotinib alone in such patients. To test this hypothesis preclinically, we engineered the human NSCLC cell line PC9 (exon 19 deletion of EGFR and Met positive) to express hHGF endogenously, and evaluated combination effects of onartuzumab + erlotinib in vitro and in vivo. Methods: PC-9 cells were transfected with hHGF expression plasmids, and a stable clone was selected. For in vitro analyses, parental PC-9 cells and PC-9/hHGF cells were treated with various concentrations of erlotinib combined with 30μg/mL of onartuzumab, and cytotoxicity was examined. Additionally, the phosphorylation status of Met, EGFR, ERK and AKT was examined by western blot analysis of whole cell lysates. For in vivo analyses, PC-9/hHGF cells were inoculated subcutaneously into nude mice. After tumors reached approximately 200 mm3 in volume, onartuzumab (30 mg/kg, IP, Q3W) was administered alone or in combination with erlotinib (50 mg/kg, PO, daily) and tumor volume was measured over time. Results: One stable clone with high expression of hHGF was selected by hHGF ELISA and western blotting. This PC-9/hHGF clone was less sensitive to erlotinib compared to the parental PC-9 in vitro. Adding onartuzumab to erlotinib suppressed proliferation of these PC9/hHGF cells. pERK and pAKT levels were significantly reduced when PC-9/hHGF cells were treated with onartuzumab + erlotinib. In PC-9/hHGF xenograft tumors, onartuzumab or erlotinib alone had modest effects on tumor growth. However, combining onartuzumab and erlotinib dramatically suppressed tumor growth. Conclusions: Overexpression of hHGF decreases response of PC9 cells to erlotinib. Onartuzumab + erlotinib was more efficacious than erlotinib alone on PC9/hHGF cells in vitro and in vivo. These data support the hypothesis that addition of onartuzumab to erlotinib may enhance efficacy of erlotinib in EGFR mutant NSCLC tumors. References: (1) NCT01456325 at www.clinicaltrials.gov (2) S. Yano et al. Cancer Res 68 (2008) (3) A. B. Turke et al. Cancer Cell 17 (2010) Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2728. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2728
Auswertung von Isotopennephrogrammen durch die Entfaltungsmethode (1979)

Durch die mathematische Operation “Entfaltung” (Deconvolution), die leicht mit einem kleinen Computer durchführbar ist, wird aus der Kreislaufaktivitätszeitfunktion und der Nierenaktivitätszeitfunktion eine weitere Funktion gewonnen, die das Verhalten des Systems “Niere” beschreibt. Die Aktivitätszeitfunktionen werden mit einem Funktionsmessplatz gemessen. Die Systemantwort läßt eine Aussage über die Verweilzeit der Aktivität in der Niere, den relativen Blutfluß beider Nieren und einer sogenannten Passagezeitverteilung zu. Versuchsweise wurde auch als Kreislauf-Aktivitätszeitfunktion die Ableitung der Blasenaktivitätszeitfunktion herangezogen.
Prostaglandins. 40. Highly stereoselective total syntheses of prostaglandins via stereospecific sulfenate-sulfoxide transformations. 13-cis-15.beta.-Prostaglandins E1 to prostaglandins E1 (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProstaglandins. 40. Highly stereoselective total syntheses of prostaglandins via stereospecific sulfenate-sulfoxide transformations. 13-cis-15.beta.-Prostaglandins E1 to prostaglandins E1John G. Miller, Walter Kurz, Karl G. Untch, and Gilbert StorkCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1974, 96, 21, 6774–6775Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00828a047https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00828a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views324Altmetric-Citations62LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Capital and risk in property-liability insurance markets (1996)

This paper investigates the capital and portfolio risk decisions of property-liability insurance firms. A theoretical model based on option pricing theory is developed which predicts a positive relationship between insurer capital and risk, as firms balance these two factors to achieve their desired overall insolvency risk. The implications of the model are then tested empirically using a simultaneous equations methodology. The results support the predictions of the model. They also provide evidence that managerial incentives play a role in determining capital and risk in insurance markets. The findings have significant implications for insurance solvency regulation.
Melanocyte-specific expression of the human tyrosinase promoter: activation by the microphthalmia gene product and role of the initiator. (1994)

The tyrosinase gene is expressed specifically in melanocytes and the cells of the retinal pigment epithelium, which together are responsible for skin, hair, and eye color. By using a combination of DNase I footprinting and band shift assays coupled with mutagenesis of specific DNA elements, we examined the requirements for melanocyte-specific expression of the human tyrosinase promoter. We found that as little as 115 bp of the upstream sequence was sufficient to direct tissue-specific expression. This 115-bp stretch contains three positive elements: the M box, a conserved element found in other melanocyte-specific promoters; an Sp1 site; and a highly evolutionarily conserved element located between -14 and +1 comprising an E-box motif and an overlapping octamer element. In addition, two further elements, one positive and one negative, are located between positions -185 and -150 and positions -150 and -115, respectively. We also found that the basic helix-loop-helix factor encoded by the microphthalmia gene, which is essential for melanocyte differentiation, can transactivate the tyrosinase promoter via the M box and the conserved E box located close to the initiator. Since in vitro assays failed to identify any melanocyte-specific DNA-binding activity, the possibility that the specific arrangement of elements within the basal tyrosinase promoter determines melanocyte-specific expression is discussed.
Turning point in apoptosis/necrosis induced by hydrogen peroxide (2006)

The turning point between apoptosis and necrosis induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) have been investigated using human T-lymphoma Jurkat cells. Cells treated with 50 microM H2O2 exhibited caspase-9 and caspase-3 activation, finally leading to apoptotic cell death. Treatment with 500 microM H2O2 did not exhibit caspase activation and changed the mode of death to necrosis. On the other hand, the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria was observed under both conditions. Treatment with 500 microM H2O2, but not with 50 microM H2O2, caused a marked decrease in the intracellular ATP level; this is essential for apoptosome formation. H2O2-reducing enzymes such as cellular glutathione peroxidase (cGPx) and catalase, which are important for the activation of caspases, were active under the 500 microM H2O2 condition. Prevention of intracellular ATP loss, which did not influence cytochrome c release, significantly activated caspases, changing the mode of cell death from necrosis to apoptosis. These results suggest that ATP-dependent apoptosome formation determines whether H2O2-induced cell death is due to apoptosis or necrosis.
DNA-binding properties of the HMG domain of the lymphoid-specific transcriptional regulator LEF-1. (1991)

Lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 (LEF-1) is a pre-B and T lymphocyte-specific nuclear protein that participates in the regulation of the T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) alpha enhancer by binding to the nucleotide sequence 5'-CCTTTGAA. LEF-1 protein shares with the nonhistone high mobility group protein 1 (HMG-1) and several transcriptional regulators a single region of amino acid homology, termed the HMG box, which has been implicated in DNA binding. Here, we report the biochemical analysis of the interaction of this novel structural motif with DNA. First, amino- or carboxy-terminal truncations of the LEF-1 polypeptide delineated the HMG box as the DNA-binding domain. We purified to homogeneity a LEF-HMG domain peptide expressed in Escherichia coli and determined the equilibrium constant for specific binding to DNA as 1 x 10(-9) M. Second, cotranslation of wild-type and various truncated LEF-1 polypeptides did not generate any DNA-binding heterodimers, suggesting that LEF-1 can bind DNA as a monomer. Third, methylation interference analysis indicated that the HMG domain specifically contacts DNA on one side of the double helix. Finally, changes of amino acids that are conserved among various members of the family of HMG-box proteins decreased the affinity of DNA binding by one to three orders of magnitude. Together, these data define the characteristics of specific DNA-binding by the HMG domain of LEF-1.