gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Proposal for a Carbon Fibre Reinforced Composite Bridge across the Strait of Gibraltar at its Narrowest Site (1987)

Tremendous progress has been made in the construction of long span bridges within the last two centuries. In this evolution structural concepts and strength of materials used have played key roles. The limiting span is defined as that span at which the structural system will just support itself. Comparison is made between limiting spans of cable-stayed bridges made of steel and of advanced composites. The use of advanced composites would allow the tripling of the limiting span in comparison to steel structures. To compare the quantities of material required for the cables of suspension and cable-stayed bridges, calculations are performed. The results are shown within a proposal for an advanced composites bridge across the Strait of Gibraltar.
Oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein: Atherogenic and Proinflammatory Characteristics during Macrophage Foam Cell Formation. An Inhibitory Role for Nutritional Antioxidants and Serum Paraoxonase (1999)

Oxidative stress and inflammatory processes are of major importance in atherogenesis because they stimulate oxidized LDL (Ox-LDL)-induced macrophage cholesterol accumulation and foam cell formation, the hallmark of early atherosclerosis. Under oxidative stress, both blood monocytes and plasma lipoproteins invade the arterial wall, where they are exposed to atherogenic modifications. Oxidative stress stimulates endothelial secretion of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) and of macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), leading to monocyte adhesion and differentiation, respectively. LDL binds to extracellular matrix (ECM secreted by endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and macrophages) proteoglycans, in a process that contributes to the enhanced susceptibility of the lipoprotein to oxidation by arterial wall macrophages. ECM-retained Ox-LDL is taken up by activated macrophages via their scavenger receptors. This leads to cellular cholesterol accumulation and enhanced atherogenesis. Protection of LDL against oxidation by antioxidants that can act directly on the LDL, or indirectly on the cellular oxidative machinery, or conversion of Ox-LDL to a non-atherogenic particle by HDL-associated paraoxonase (PON-1), can contribute to attenuation of atherosclerosis.
Ring opening of aziridines by different fluorinating reagents: three synthetic routes to .alpha.,.beta.-fluoro amines with different stereochemical pathways (1981)

International audience
Multi-sensor obstacle detection on railway tracks (2004)

A multi-sensor obstacle detection system for the use on railway tracks was specified, implemented and tested. The applied look-ahead sensors are: Video cameras (optical passive) and LIDAR (optical active). The objects delivered by the sensors were fused, classified and their description is sent to the central vehicle unit. It has been shown that the fusion of active and passive optical sensors and a railway track data base lead to very robust system performance. The overall detection performance has shown to be comparable to that of a human driver. We have successfully demonstrated a multi-sensor obstacle detection system prototype having an up to 400 m look-ahead range under typical operating conditions. The prototype was tried out on a test vehicle (Train Control TestCar) driving up to 120 km/h over long distances across Germany. Future steps are the optimization, miniaturization and the integration of the active and passive sensor components of the obstacle detection system. The computational optimization of the object detection algorithms is another important step in order to reduce necessary computing resources.
Gut microbiota and glucometabolic alterations in response to recurrent partial sleep deprivation in normal-weight young individuals (2016)

Our findings demonstrate that short-term sleep loss induces subtle effects on human microbiota. To what extent the observed changes to the microbial community contribute to metabolic consequences of sleep loss warrants further investigations in larger and more prolonged sleep studies, to also assess how sleep loss impacts the microbiota in individuals who already are metabolically compromised.
Photostability profiles of minoxidil solutions. (1997)

Photostability profiles of minoxidil solutions exposed to fluorescent light, under the influence of several parameters like concentration, pH, buffer species, photostabilizers, container type, solvent system, and skin penetration enhancers were studied. The assay of minoxidil was done spectrophotometrically at 230 nm and 290 nm, using double beam UV-visible spectrophotometer. The results show that photodegradation of minoxidil solutions follows first order rate. Furthermore, minoxidil solution (4.5 micrograms/ml) was found to be more stable in phosphate buffer as compared to acetate buffer. Amber glass offered equivalent photoprotection as aluminum foil-covered glass. Minoxidil was found to be most stable in a solvent system of water or 25% v/v PEG300 and least stable in 25% v/v propylene glycol. Of the penetration enhancers studied dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) caused the least photodecomposition of minoxidil. The order of photoprotection of the five potential photostabilizers were as follows: sodium thiosulfate > EDTA > sodium benzoate approximately thiourea > sodium metabisulfite. Varying the concentration of sodium thiosulfate did not affect the minoxidil photostability. The study also indicates that minoxidil solution (4.5 micrograms/ml) is most photostable in pH 8 phosphate buffer. An increase in ionic strength had a photostabilizing effect until an optimum strength of 0.17, then further increase caused the rate of photodegradation to remain unchanged.
Effects of Intermittent Exposure to High Altitude on Blood Volume and Erythropoietic Activity (2002)

The purpose of this review is to describe changes in blood volume and erythropoietic activity occurring under different types of intermittent exposure to hypoxia. These hypoxic episodes can vary from a few seconds or minutes to hours, days, or even weeks. Short hypoxic episodes like sleep apnea only lead to a small increase in hemoglobin concentration, which is mainly due to a hormonal-mediated decrease in plasma volume. In most of these cases the cumulative time spent under hypoxia does not exceed the critical threshold of about 90 min. Endurance athletes and mountaineers who voluntarily expose themselves to hypoxia for some hours or during the night while spending the day at normoxia ("sleep high-train low" concept) do improve their physical performance. Despite raising erythropoietic activity, indicated by elevated plasma concentrations of EPO and the transferrin receptor, the postulated increase in red cell volume has not satisfactorily been proved. Frequent changes between low and high altitudes, which are usual in some South American and Asian countries, provoke similar adaptations in red cell mass as occur in high altitude residents. However, the plasma volume decreases at altitude and increases again when staying at sea level. Even after more than 20 yr of regular moving between low and high altitude, the total blood volume, hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit, as well as the plasma EPO concentration, noticeably oscillate during every hypoxic-normoxic cycle. We assume these changes to be an optimal rapid adaptation of the oxygen transport system to the prevailing hypoxic or normoxic environment. However, possible risks for the organism cannot be excluded.
A Rapid Test for the Diagnosis of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura Using SELDI-TOF-Mass Spectrometry. (2005)

Abstract Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP), a life-threatening microangiopathic thrombotic disorder, requires immediate diagnosis and plasma exchange therapy. Development of TTP is related to functional deficiency of a metalloprotease, ADAMTS13, that leads to accumulation of ultra large von Willebrand factor (vWF) and subsequent platelet thrombosis. Currently no clinical test is available for a rapid detection of functional ADAMTS13 activity. In this study, a recombinant vWF peptide containing the ADAMTS13 cleavage site and a 6 X Histidine tag was used as a substrate for ADAMTS13. ADAMTS13 cleaved the substrate in a dose-dependent manner, generating a ~7739 Dalton peptide containing a 6 X Histidine tag. This cleaved peptide, bound to an IMAC/Nickel ProteinChip, was quantified using Surface Enhanced Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS). The assay is capable of quantifying ADAMTS13 activity as low as 2.5 % in plasma within 3–4 hours. When the cleaved peptide was quantified as a ratio of an internal control peptide, the test displayed excellent reproducibility, with an average inter-assay CV of &amp;lt; 33 %. Further validation of the test in healthy donors (n=39) revealed normal ADAMTS13 activity with a mean of 92.5% + 16.6. Sixteen patients with idiopathic TTP displayed mean ADAMTS13 activity of 1.73% + 3.62 at presentation, prior to any therapy. Further utility of this novel method includes functional determination of ADAMTS13 antibody titers in cases of acquired TTP. In summary, we have devised a novel SELDI-TOF-MS assay that offers a rapid, cost-effective, and functionally relevant test for timely diagnosis and management of TTP patients.
Hepatitis B surface protein docked vesicular carrier for site specific delivery to liver (2005)

The intrinsic liver tropism of liposomes can be augmented by the addition of targeting features such as the incorporation of hepatotropic elements of the hepatitis viruses. Hepatitis B virus is known to infect hepatocytes after viremia by asialoglycoprotein receptor mediated uptake. However, the specificity of hepatitis B virus surface protein (HBsAg) towards hepatocytes has confronting reports. In the present study, we evaluated the functional ability of HBsAg to be employed as a ligand for targeting hepatocytes. We prepared (14)C labeled small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs) composed of egg PC/Cholesterol/N-glutarylphosphatidylethanolamine (NGPE) in a 60:30:10 molar ratio. HBsAg was covalently linked to SUVs using a water-soluble carbodiimide (EDC) mediated conjugation with NGPE. In vitro cell binding and uptake studies revealed that bioprotein docked carrier system was efficiently taken up by HepG2 cells by the receptor mediated endocytosis. The biodistribution behaviour of plain and HBsAg coated liposomes was also examined followed by intravenous injection. The study revealed that almost 75% of the radioactivity was recovered in the liver after 4 h of injection that was nearly three-fold greater in magnitude than the plain liposomes. Further, fractionation of liver into liver parenchymal cells (PC) and non-parenchymal cells confirmed the preferential localization of the HBsAg coated liposomal carrier in the parenchymal cells.
Adding fault‐tolerant transaction processing to LINDA (1994)

Abstract To simplify the difficult task of writing fault‐tolerant parallel software, we implemented extensions to the basic functionality of the LINDA or tuple‐space programming model. Our approach implements a mechanism of transaction processing to ensure that tuples are properly handled in the event of a node or communications failure. If a process retrieving a tuple fails to complete processing or a tuple posting or retrieval message is lost, the system is automatically rolled back to a previous stable state. Processing failures and lost messages are detected by time‐out alarms. Roll‐back is accomplished by reposting pertinent tuples. Intermediate tuples produced during partial processing are not committed or made available until a process completes. In the absence of faults, system overhead is low. The fault‐tolerance mechanism is implemented at the system level and requires little programmer effort or expertise. Two implementations of the model are discussed, one using a UNIX network of workstations and one using a Transputer network. Data measuring model overhead and some aspects of system performance in the presence of faults is presented for an example system.
Reconstitution of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors into Gel-Protected Lipid Membranes (2004)

We report the functional reconstitution of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors into gel-protected bilayer lipid membranes using two different methods. In the first case, reconstitution was achieved by direct membrane formation from an emulsion of glycerol monooleate, hexane, and a membrane receptor extract. In the second case, incorporation was achieved via the fusion of vesicles from a preparation of membrane-bound receptors into preformed membranes after diffusion through the protective front gel layer. Measurement of the dc conductivity of the membranes in the presence of either acetylcholine or alpha-bungarotoxin was used to test for the functional activity of incorporated receptors.
ZUPT Aided GNSS Factor Graph with Inertial Navigation Integration for Wheeled Robots (2021)

In this work, we demonstrate the importance of zero velocity information for global navigation satellite system (GNSS) based navigation. The effectiveness of using the zero velocity information with zero velocity update (ZUPT) for inertial navigation applications have been shown in the literature. Here we leverage this information and add it as a position constraint in a GNSS factor graph. We also compare its performance to a GNSS/inertial navigation system (INS) coupled factor graph. We tested our ZUPT aided factor graph method on three datasets and compared it with the GNSS-only factor graph.
Translational Optical Imaging in Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer (2012)

In cancer imaging, many different modalities are used that each have their specific features, leading to the combined use of different techniques for the detection, staging and treatment evaluation of cancer. Optical imaging using near-infrared fluorescence light is a new imaging modality that has recently emerged in the field of cancer imaging. After extensive preclinical research, the first steps of translation to the clinical practice are currently being made. In this article, we discuss the preclinical and clinical results of near-infrared optical imaging for non-invasive detection and classification of tumors, therapy monitoring, sentinel lymph node procedures, and image-guided cancer surgery. Widespread availability of imaging systems and optical contrast agents will enable larger studies on their clinical benefit and can help establish a definitive role in clinical practice.
Amphetamine, past and present – a pharmacological and clinical perspective (2013)

Amphetamine was discovered over 100 years ago. Since then, it has transformed from a drug that was freely available without prescription as a panacea for a broad range of disorders into a highly restricted Controlled Drug with therapeutic applications restricted to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. This review describes the relationship between chemical structure and pharmacology of amphetamine and its congeners. Amphetamine's diverse pharmacological actions translate not only into therapeutic efficacy, but also into the production of adverse events and liability for recreational abuse. Accordingly, the balance of benefit/risk is the key challenge for its clinical use. The review charts advances in pharmaceutical development from the introduction of once-daily formulations of amphetamine through to lisdexamfetamine, which is the first d-amphetamine prodrug approved for the management of ADHD in children, adolescents and adults. The unusual metabolic route for lisdexamfetamine to deliver d-amphetamine makes an important contribution to its pharmacology. How lisdexamfetamine's distinctive pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profile translates into sustained efficacy as a treatment for ADHD and its reduced potential for recreational abuse is also discussed.
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone: One Polypeptide Regulates Secretion of Luteinizing and Follicle-Stimulating Hormones (1971)

A polypeptide isolated from porcine hypothalami stimulates the release of both luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone from the pituitaries of several species. This polypeptide has been structurally identified as (pyro)Glu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH(2) and synthesized. The natural and synthetic materials share biological properties. It appears that this peptide represents the hypothalamic hormone regulating the secretion of both luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone.
Assembly of Latex Particles by Using Emulsion Droplets. 3. Reverse (Water in Oil) System (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTAssembly of Latex Particles by Using Emulsion Droplets. 3. Reverse (Water in Oil) SystemO. D. Velev and K. NagayamaView Author Information Nagayama Protein Array Project, ERATO, JRDC, 5-9-1 Tokodai, Tsukuba, 300-26 Japan Cite this: Langmuir 1997, 13, 6, 1856–1859Publication Date (Web):March 19, 1997Publication History Received10 July 1996Revised23 December 1996Published online19 March 1997Published inissue 1 March 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la960652uhttps://doi.org/10.1021/la960652ubrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1485Altmetric-Citations138LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Colloidal particles,Emulsions,Lipids,Liquids,Suspensions Get e-Alerts
Novel polyketides synthesized with a higher plant stilbene synthase (2001)

The physiological function of the stilbene synthase (STS) from groundnut ( Arachis hypogaea ) is the formation of resveratrol. The enzyme uses 4‐coumaroyl‐CoA, performs three condensations with malonyl‐CoA, and folds the resulting tetraketide into a new aromatic ring system. We investigated the capacity for building novel and unusual polyketides from alternative substrates. Three types of products were obtained: ( a ) complete reaction (stilbene‐type), ( b ) three condensations without formation of an aromatic ring (CTAL‐type pyrone derailment), and ( c ) two condensations (BNY‐type pyrone derailment). All product types were obtained from 4‐fluorocinnamoyl‐CoA and analogs in which the coumaroyl moiety was replaced by furan or thiophene. Only type ( b ) and ( c ) products were synthesized from other 4‐substituted 4‐coumaroyl‐CoA analogs (‐Cl, ‐Br, ‐OCH 3 ). Benzoyl‐CoA, phenylacetyl‐CoA, and medium chain aliphatic CoA esters were poor substrates, and the majority of the products were of type ( c ). The results show that minor modifications can be used to direct the enzyme reaction to form a variety of different and new products. Manipulation of the biosynthesis of polyketides by synthetic analogs could lead to the development of a chemical library of pharmaceutically interesting novel polyketides.
Implementing the real-time publisher/subscriber model on the controller area network (CAN) (2003)

Designing distributed real-time systems as being composed of communicating objects offers many advantages with respect to modularity and extensibility of these systems. However, distributed real-time applications exhibit communication patterns that significantly differ from the traditional object invocation style. The publisher/subscriber model for inter-object communication matches well with these patterns. Any implementation of that model must address the problems of binding subscribers to publishers, of routing and filtering of messages, as well as reliability, efficiency and latency of message delivery. In the context of real-time applications, all these issues must be subject to a rigid inspection with respect to meeting real-time requirements. We argue that for embedded control systems built around smart microcontroller-powered devices these requirements can only be met when exploiting the properties of the underlying network. The CAN-Bus (CAN: Controller Area Network) which is an emerging standard in the field of real-time embedded systems is particularly suited to implement a publisher/subscriber model of communication. We present an implementation of the real-time publisher/subscriber model that exploits the underlying facilities of the CAN-Bus. In particular, we introduce a novel addressing scheme for publisher/subscriber communication that makes efficient use of the CAN-Bus addressing method. We provide a detailed design and implementation details along with some preliminary performance estimations.
Functional Role of Caspases in Heat-Induced Testicular Germ Cell Apoptosis1 (2004)

In the present study, we determined whether a pan caspase inhibitor could prevent or attenuate heat-induced germ cell apoptosis. Groups of five adult (8 wk old) C57BL/6 mice pretreated with vehicle (DMSO) or Quinoline-Val-Asp (Ome)-CH2-O-Ph (Q-VD-OPH), a new generation broad-spectrum caspase inhibitor, were exposed once to local testicular heating (43 degrees C for 15 min) and killed 6 h later. The inhibitor (40 mg/kg body weight) or vehicle was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) 1 h before local testicular heating. Germ cell apoptosis was detected by TUNEL assay and quantitated as number of apoptotic germ cells per 100 Sertoli cells at stages XI-XII. Compared with controls (16.8 +/- 3.1), mild testicular hyperthermia within 6 h resulted in a marked activation (277.3 +/- 21.6) of germ cell apoptosis, as previously reported by us. Q-VD-OPH at this dose markedly inhibited caspase 3 activation and significantly prevented (by 67.0%) heat-induced germ cell apoptosis. Q-VD-OPH-mediated rescue of germ cells was independent of cytosolic translocation of mitochondrial cytochrome c and DIABLO. Electron microscopy further revealed normal appearance of these rescued cells. Similar protection from heat-induced germ cell apoptosis was also noted after pretreatment with minocycline, a second-generation tetracycline that effectively inhibits cytochrome c release and, in turn, caspase activation. Collectively, the present study emphasizes the role of caspases in heat-induced germ cell apoptosis.
Adjuvant treatment of breast cancer: impact of monoclonal antibody therapy directed against the HER2 receptor (2007)

The use of chemotherapy and endocrine therapies as adjuncts to the treatment of early-stage breast cancer has yielded small but significant improvements in disease-free and overall survival. Increased understanding of the role of growth factor receptors enabled the rational development of agents that are capable of modulating their function. A humanised monoclonal antibody to the HER2 receptor, trastuzumab, has demonstrable single-agent activity in metastatic breast cancer and enhances the antitumour effects of chemotherapy. As a consequence, trastuzumab has been tested in the adjuvant setting the results of which have been presented recently. This review briefly summarises the use of trastuzumab in advanced breast cancer and describes recent studies of its use in the adjuvant setting.