gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hearing Loss (2004)

Millions of Americans experience some degree of hearing loss. The Social Security Administration (SSA) operates programs that provide cash disability benefits to people with permanent impairments like hearing loss, if they can show that their impairments meet stringent SSA criteria and their earnings are below an SSA threshold. The National Research Council convened an expert committee at the request of the SSA to study the issues related to disability determination for people with hearing loss. This volume is the product of that study.Hearing Loss: Determining Eligibility for Social Security Benefits reviews current knowledge about hearing loss and its measurement and treatment, and provides an evaluation of the strengths and weaknesses of the current processes and criteria. It recommends changes to strengthen the disability determination process and ensure its reliability and fairness. The book addresses criteria for selection of pure tone and speech tests, guidelines for test administration, testing of hearing in noise, special issues related to testing children, and the difficulty of predicting work capacity from clinical hearing test results. It should be useful to audiologists, otolaryngologists, disability advocates, and others who are concerned with people who have hearing loss.
Vaccination against human cancers (review). (2000)

Classical and molecular immunological means of active tumor-specific immunization against human cancers yielded whole cell or tumor cell lysate vaccines of preventive value (reduced relapse rates) and dendritic cell-peptide or genetically engineered vaccines that may induce remissions even in metastatic disease. Active tumor-specific immunization was often successful in the past 50 years against experimental tumors maintained in the laboratory. During the epochs of classical and molecular immunology several vaccines were generated and used for the reduction of relapse rates of human cancer after surgical removal of the primary or metastatic tumors. Whole cell vaccines consist of X-irradiated autologous or allogeneic tumor cells coadministered with immunostimulants (BCG, Detox). Tumor cells haptenized biologically (as in viral oncolysates) or chemically were also used. Dendritic cell vaccines are prepared by transfection or transduction with tumor antigen-encoding DNA or by pulsing the cells with antigenic peptides in vitro; or collecting dendritic cells that engulfed apoptotic tumor cell DNA and/or peptide antigens in vivo for reinjection into the patient. Genetically engineered tumor cells are prepared in vitro to express MHC and peptides, costimulatory molecules (B7.1) and cyto- or lymphokines (interferons, interleukins, hematopoietic growth factors) for vaccination of patients. Antibody- and immune T cell-mediated immune reactions to autologous tumor cells are newly generated and/or quantitatively increased in immunized patients but do not always correlate with clinical response. Most vaccines are claimed to have reduced relapse rates presumably by inducing effective host immunity against micrometastases. Dendritic cell-peptide vaccines could induce partial or occasionally complete remissions in metastatic disease. The wrong antigenic presentation may result in tolerance induction toward the tumor; occasionally tumor enhancement may occur. Human tumor antigens when presented appropriately (with costimulatory molecules and with IL-2, IL-12) break the host's natural tolerance toward its tumor and induce rejection strength immune reactions even in patients with metastatic disease. Immune T cells thus generated could be collected for adoptive immunotherapy. For successful active specific immunization against human cancers the understanding of the immunoevasive maneuvers of the tumor cell (through FasL --> Fas; TRAIL; CD40L --> CD40; TGFbeta etc. systems) is essential.
Regional brain activity during working memory tasks (1996)

The first aim of our PET study was to replicate previous findings concerning the brain areas activated by a verbal working memory task. The second aim was to specify the neural basis of the central executive, using a task of working memory updating. Our data confirm that the lower left supramarginal gyrus and premotor area are the key regions subserving short-term verbal memory processes. They also suggest that the updating memory task is related to middorsolateral prefrontal activation, most probably responsible for the updating function of the central executive. An unexpected, predominantly right activation occurred in the inferior parietal region during the verbal memory updating task, which we related to a visuospatial strategy used to maintain the information in short-term memory. A third purpose was to explore the brain regions activated by a nonverbal, visual memory task, and our results confirm the importance of the superior occipital gyrus in the visual short-term memory.
New Perspectives for Melanoma Immunotherapy: Role of IL-12 (2009)

Metastatic melanoma is a poor prognosis skin cancer. Since conventional treatments including surgery and chemotherapy often fail, novel therapeutic strategies are needed. In particular, identification of melanoma associated antigen has fostered the progress of both active (vaccines) and adoptive immunotherapy. Some promising results have been obtained, but most melanoma patients are not yet cured possibly because of different immune-escape mechanisms operated by tumor cells. Several studies have addressed the use of interleukin (IL)-12 for melanoma therapy due to its immunoregulatory function and anti-tumor activity mediated by stimulation of T and NK effector cells. Unfortunately, IL-12 has shown considerable toxicity. We [1] have recently demonstrated that IL-12 exerts a direct anti-tumor activity on murine B16 melanoma cells expressing a functional IL-12 receptor (R). In our model low levels of endogenous IL-12 reduced proliferation, increased apoptosis, and defective microvessel formation of tumor cells. This review summarizes information about melanoma immunotherapy and highlights a novel mechanism of IL-12-mediated anti-tumor activity based upon the direct effect of the cytokine on IL-12R(+) tumor cells. In this view, new therapeutic approaches may be planned including: i) pre-screening of melanoma patients for IL-12Rbeta2 expression to identify potential responders, ii) administration of small and less frequent doses of IL-12 to avoid toxicity and iii) targeting of IL-12 to IL-12R(+) tumor cells, such as local administration in patients with skin tumors or injection of IL-12 fused to an antibody specific to tumor cells.
Novel étalon fringe rejection technique for laser absorption spectroscopy (1992)

When used for trace-gas detection, laser absorption spectroscopy is usually limited by false absorption signals that are traceable to interferometric effects induced by windows and other pairs of optical surfaces. Here we introduce a new technique that can selectively reject these étalon fringes while preserving the true absorption signal over a wide range of étalon free spectral range to absorption linewidth ratios. We present a theoretical analysis and experimental verification by using a tunable lead salt diode laser.
Molecular events during leukocyte diapedesis (2006)

The recruitment of leukocytes from the circulation into tissues requires leukocyte migration through the vascular endothelium. The mechanisms by which leukocytes attach and firmly adhere to the endothelial cell surface have been studied in detail. However, much less is known about the last step in this process, the diapedesis of leukocytes through the vascular endothelium. This minireview focuses on the interactions between leukocyte and endothelial cell adhesion molecules that are important during leukocyte extravasation. In the past few years a series of endothelial cell surface and adhesion molecules have been identified that are located at endothelial cell contacts and found to participate in leukocyte diapedesis. These junctional cell adhesion molecules are believed to have an active role in controlling the opening and closure of endothelial cell contacts to allow the passage of leukocytes between adjacent endothelial cells. Alternatively, leukocytes can cross the endothelium at nonjunctional locations, with leukocytes migrating through a single endothelial cell. Further work is clearly needed to understand, in greater detail, the molecular mechanisms that allow leukocytes to cross the endothelium via either the paracellular or the transcellular pathway.
Comparative Preclinical Pharmacokinetic and Metabolic Studies of the Combretastatin Prodrugs Combretastatin A4 Phosphate and A1 Phosphate (2004)

Although in vitro studies suggest that variable rates of tumor-specific prodrug dephosphorylation may explain these differences in pharmacokinetics profiles, the improved antitumor activity and altered pharmacokinetic profile of CA1 may be due to the formation of a more reactive metabolite.
Selecting Tagging SNPs for Association Studies Using Power Calculations from Genotype Data (2004)

Recent studies have indicated that linkage disequilibrium (LD) between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers can be used to derive a reduced set of tagging SNPs (tSNPs) for genetic association studies. Previous strategies for identifying tSNPs have focused on LD measures or haplotype diversity, but the statistical power to detect disease-associated variants using tSNPs in genetic studies has not been fully characterized. We propose a new approach of selecting tSNPs based on determining the set of SNPs with the highest power to detect association. Two-locus genotype frequencies are used in the power calculations. To show utility, we applied this power method to a large number of SNPs that had been genotyped in Caucasian samples. We demonstrate that a significant reduction in genotyping efforts can be achieved although the reduction depends on genotypic relative risk, inheritance mode and the prevalence of disease in the human population. The tSNP sets identified by our method are remarkably robust to changes in the disease model when small relative risk and additive mode of inheritance are employed. We have also evaluated the ability of the method to detect unidentified SNPs. Our findings have important implications in applying tSNPs from different data sources in association studies.
Analysis and Detection of Chlamydial DNA (1984)

Elementary bodies of lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) strains of Chlamydia trachomatis contain, in addition to the genomic DNA, a 6.7 kb plasmid. The plasmid from serovar L2 (434-B) was cloned at the BamHI site of pBR327 into Escherichia coli and a restriction cleavage map of this pLGV125 recombinant plasmid determined. All 15 C. trachomatis serovars contained DNA sequences that hybridized with pLGV125. When total DNA from L2 elementary bodies was used as a probe in Southern blotting and spot hybridization, serovars L1, L2 and L3 exhibited significant homology. The detection level of homologous DNA was 100 pg and LGV DNA was detectable in infected cells when total L2 probe was used in the nucleic acid hybridization test. These DNA probes may be useful as investigative and diagnostic reagents for C. trachomatis.
Regulation of glucose uptake by muscle. 5. Effects of anoxia, insulin, adrenaline and prolonged starving on concentrations of hexose phosphates in isolated rat diaphragm and perfused isolated rat heart (1961)

Research Article| September 01 1961 Regulation of glucose uptake by muscle. 5. Effects of anoxia, insulin, adrenaline and prolonged starving on concentrations of hexose phosphates in isolated rat diaphragm and perfused isolated rat heart EA NEWSHOLME; EA NEWSHOLME Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar PJ RANDLE PJ RANDLE Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1961) 80 (3): 655–662. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0800655 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation EA NEWSHOLME, PJ RANDLE; Regulation of glucose uptake by muscle. 5. Effects of anoxia, insulin, adrenaline and prolonged starving on concentrations of hexose phosphates in isolated rat diaphragm and perfused isolated rat heart. Biochem J 1 September 1961; 80 (3): 655–662. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0800655 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1961 The Biochemical Society1961 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Role of Lysophospholipid Growth Factors in the Modulation of Aqueous Humor Outflow Facility (2004)

These studies demonstrate that LPA and S1P, the physiological agonists of Edg receptors, decrease outflow facility in perfused porcine eyes in association with increased MLC phosphorylation and Rho guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) activation. These data provide evidence for a novel mechanism for negative regulation of outflow facility, which may contribute to overall physiological homeostasis of aqueous humor outflow facility.
Analysis and design of Forced Commutated Cycloconverter structures with improved transfer characteristics (1985)

Forced Clommutated Cycloconverters (FCCs) are converter structures capable of providing simultaneous voltage and frequency transformation without the need of intermediate stage reactive components. Consequently, they are well suited for high power density variable frequency applications. This paper focuses on the analysis, design and performance characteristics of some novel FCC structures, which require less control complexity and yield better voltage utilization than presently known structures.
Islanded operation of a distribution feeder with distributed generation (2020)

A distribution system that is equipped with distributed generators, such as roof-mounted photovoltaic systems, can operate as a microgrid (i.e., separated from the grid) under some specific conditions. A key feature of a microgrid is its ability to separate and isolate itself from the utility seamlessly with little or no disruption to the loads within the microgrid. Then, when the utility grid returns to normal, the microgrid automatically resynchronizes and reconnects itself to the grid, in an equally seamless manner. This thesis addresses the conditions necessary for proper microgrid operation: these include local generation-load mismatch, local energy storage, load switching, and voltage and frequency control. Computer simulations using Matlab/Simulink will be conducted under various scenarios to validate such necessary conditions.
Donor-derived IL-15 is critical for acute allogeneic graft-versus-host disease (2004)

Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is a pleiotropic proinflammatory cytokine with inefficient posttranscriptional processing. We hypothesized that endogenous IL-15 could affect disease progression in the well-described C57Bl/6 (B6)-->(C57Bl/6 x DBA/2) F1 hybrid (B6D2F1) murine model of acute allogeneic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). B6D2F1 allogeneic recipients received transplants of IL-15(-/-) B6 bone marrow cells or B6 bone marrow cells expressing a murine IL-15 transgene (IL-15 tg) modified for efficient translation and secretion. Mice that received transplants of IL-15(-/-) B6 bone marrow cells displayed a significantly longer median survival time (MST) compared with mice that received transplants of wild-type (wt) B6 bone marrow; in contrast, mice that received transplants of IL-15 tg B6 bone marrow cells had a dramatically decreased MST. This decrease in survival was associated with a substantial activation and expansion of effector-memory (CD44highCD62Llow) CD8+ T lymphocytes. Finally, in vivo depletion of either CD4+ or CD8+ T lymphocyte subsets significantly prolonged survival in mice receiving IL-15 tg B6 marrow, while depletion of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells provided complete protection from acute GVHD. We thus show that acute GVHD is attenuated in the absence of donor bone marrow-derived IL-15 and conclude that donor-derived IL-15 is a critical mediator of T-cell function in acute GVHD.
An Accelerated Storage Test for Predicting the Stability of Suspensions of Measles Virus Dried by Sublimation <i>In Vacuo</i> (1965)

Abstract Several recent publications have described how the expiration dates of vitamin preparations stored at room temperatures may be predicted quantitatively on the results of short-term degradation studies at elevated temperatures (1–5). The fundamental studies of Garrett have been responsible for the greatest advances in this field (2). Briefly, the method is based on the observation that a suitable metameter of the potency (the potency itself or its logarithm) declines, at a selected temperature, linearly with time; further, that different rates of decline in potency (or its metameter) obtained at different temperatures are related to these temperatures and act in accordance with fundamental physical chemical principles (6). Based on the foregoing, thermal degradation should follow the logarithmic form of the Arrhenius relation with respect to absolute temperature (T): log k = -(ΔHa/2.303R)(1/T) (1) where k is the specific rate of degradation of the biologic material, R is the gas constant and ΔHa is defined as the heat of activation.
Histopathology of lymphatic tissues in transgenic mice expressing human tissue kallikrein gene. (1994)

Expression of human tissue kallikrein appears to exert a profound effect on the cytoarchitecture of lymphatic tissues and a general decrease in lymphocytes, particularly in T cell-dependent areas. These findings presumably reflect altered function of lymphatic tissues in transgenic mouse strains carrying the human kallikrein gene.
Synthesis of a Terbium Fluorescent Chelate and Its Application to Time-Resolved Fluoroimmunoassay (2001)

A new nonadentate ligand, N, N, N1, N1-[2,6-bis(3'-aminomethyl-1'-pyrazolyl)-4-phenylpyridine]tetrakis(acetic acid) (BPTA) for a Tb3+ fluorescent complex was synthesized. The Tb3+ complex is strongly fluorescent, having a large fluorescence quantum yield of 1.00 and very long fluorescence lifetime of 2.681 ms in 0.05 M borate buffer of pH 9.1. Streptavidin (SA) was labeled with BPTA by using its succinimidyl monoester, and the BPTA-Tb(3+)-labeled SA was used in sandwich-type time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TR-FIA) of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in human sera. The Tb(3+)-labeled SA was also used in competitive-type TR-FIA of bensulfuron-methyl (BSM) in water. The detection limits of these assays are 42 pg/mL for AFP, 70 pg/mL for CEA, and 0.4 ng/mL for BSM. In addition, a new simultaneous measurement method for AFP and CEA in a human serum sample was developed by using 4,4'-bis(1",1",2",2",3",3" -heptafluoro-4",6"-hexanedion-6"-ly)chlorosulfo- o-terphenyl (BHHCT)-Eu(3+)-labeled anti-AFP antibody, biotinylated anti-CEA antibody, and BPTA-Tb(3+)-labeled SA. The concentrations of AFP and CEA in 39 human serum samples were determined, and the results were compared with those of the independently determined AFP and CEA by TR-FIA with a single-label method. A good correlation was obtained with the correlation coefficients of 0.991 for AFP and 0.994 for CEA.
On the limitations of cepstral features in noise (2002)

This paper examines the effects of additive Gaussian noise on the short-term cepstral analysis of speech. We identify three distinct modifications to the long-term statistics of the cepstrum that cause a gross mismatch after the addition of noise, namely: a mean shift, a change of variance and a distribution distorted from normal, with distinct bimodal characteristics. We assess the importance of each of these, and demonstrate the limitations of simple cepstral mappings. We then consider noise-masking, through the addition of a constant offset to the linear spectral estimates, which provides a feature space far more stable to changes in noise statistics. This leads to performance equivalent to that achieved by explicit modelling.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Timed Petri net models of multithreaded multiprocessor architectures (2002)

Multithreaded distributed-memory multiprocessor architectures are composed of a number of (multithreaded) processors, each with its memory, and an interconnection network. The long memory latencies and unpredictable synchronization delays are tolerated by context switching, i.e., by suspending the current thread and switching the processor to another 'ready' thread provided such a thread is available. Because of very simple representation of concurrency and synchronization, timed Petri net models seem to be well suited for modeling and evaluation of such architectures. However, accurate net models of multithreaded multiprocessors become quite complicated, so their analysis can be a nontrivial task. This paper describes a timed colored Petri net model of a multithreaded multiprocessor architecture, and presents some results obtained by simulation of this model. A simplified approach to modeling such architectures is also proposed.
Proinflammatory cytokines released from microglia inhibit gap junctions in astrocytes: potentiation by β‐amyloid (2006)

Brain inflammation is characterized by a reactive gliosis involving the activation of astrocytes and microglia. This process, common to many brain injuries and diseases, underlies important phenotypic changes in these two glial cell types. One characteristic feature of astrocytes is their high level of intercellular communication mediated by gap junctions. Previously, we have reported that astrocyte gap junctional communication (AGJC) and the expression of connexin 43 (Cx43), the main constitutive protein of gap junctions, are inhibited in microglia (MG)-astrocyte cocultures. Here, we report that bacterial lipopolysaccharide activation of microglia increases their inhibitory effect on Cx43 expression and AGJC. This inhibition is mimicked by treating astrocyte cultures with conditioned medium harvested from activated microglia. Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were identified as being the main factors responsible for this conditioned medium-mediated activity. Interestingly, an inflammatory response characterized by MG activation and reactive astrocytes occurs in Alzheimer's disease, at sites of beta-amyloid (Abeta) deposits. We found that this peptide potentiates the inhibitory effect of a conditioned medium diluted at a concentration that is not effective per se. This potentiation is prevented by treating astrocytes with specific blockers of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha activities. Thus, the suppression of communication between astrocytes, induced by activated MG could contribute to the proposed role of reactive gliosis in this neurodegenerative disease.
Alarm correlation for complex telecommunication networks using neural networks and signal processing (2003)

The aim of this paper is to investigate new tracks to tackle the open issues of alarm correlation for complex networks (e.g. IP/SDH or IP/WDM). The suggested approach consist of transforming, by means of a neural network the equipment alarm messages into a signal, and then, to use signal-processing methods in order to extract the relevant information for diagnosis.