gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An invasion-associated <i>Salmonella</i> protein modulates the actin-bundling activity of plastin (1999)

The entry of Salmonella typhimurium into nonphagocytic cells requires a panel of bacterial effector proteins that are delivered to the host cell via a type III secretion system. These proteins modulate host-cell signal-transduction pathways and the actin cytoskeleton to induce membrane ruffling and bacterial internalization. One of these bacterial effectors, termed SipA, is an actin-binding protein that is required for efficient Salmonella entry into host cells. We report here that SipA forms a complex with T-plastin on bacterial infection. Formation of such a complex, which requires the presence of F-actin, results in a marked increase in the actin-bundling activity of T-plastin. We also report that T-plastin is recruited to S. typhimurium-induced membrane ruffles by a CDC42-dependent signaling process and is required for bacterial entry. We propose that modulation of the actin-bundling activity of T-plastin by SipA results in the stabilization of the actin filaments at the point of bacterial-host cell contact, which leads to more efficient Salmonella internalization.
Monoclonal antibodies directed against T cell epitopes presented by class I MHC antigens (1993)

Monoclonal antibodies which recognize a synthetic peptide derived from influenza virus nucleoprotein in association with a murine class I MHC molecule (Kd) have been isolated. One such antibody has been characterized and shown to react neither with the peptide nor with the Kd molecule, but only with the Kd-peptide complex. Evidence is given that it recognizes the naturally processed peptide located in the peptide binding groove, i.e. the antigenic moiety presented to T cells.
Guided Wave Optics (1993)

The article gives an introduction to the field of Guided Wave Optics. After an introduction that mentions the modern origins of guided wave optics and introduces the most common guided wave component, the optical fiber, attention turns to a low level discussion of guidance in optical fibers. Fiber systems are based on active fiber components that are discussed in Section Active Fiber Compatible Components of the article before turing to telecommunications in Section Telecommunications Technology. The newest area of guided wave application is that of data communications that is discussed in Section Data Communications previous to Summary section.
T-type calcium channels regulate cortical plasticity in-vivo NR-D-08-7049 (2009)

T-type voltage-dependent calcium channels may play an important role in synaptic plasticity, but lack of specific antagonists has hampered investigation into this possible function. We investigated the role of the T-type channel in a canonical model of in-vivo cortical plasticity triggered by monocular deprivation. We identified a compound (TTA-I1) with subnanomolar potency in standard voltage clamp assays and high selectivity for the T-type channel. When infused intracortically, TTA-I1 reduced cortical plasticity triggered by monocular deprivation while preserving normal visual response properties. These results show that the T-type calcium channel plays a central role in cortical plasticity.
Optimizing application mapping algorithms for NoCs through a unified framework (2010)

This paper presents a preliminary PhD research towards developing a framework to evaluate and optimize application mapping algorithms for Network-on-Chip architectures. Several such algorithms have been proposed for mapping the threads of a parallel application on a NoC architecture. However, the performance of those algorithms is evaluated only on some specific NoC designs. A unified approach for evaluating such algorithms allows a better comparison of their performance and can potentially lead to some optimizations. The proposed framework is intended to be flexible so that the algorithms can be tested on different NoC designs. To this end, a scalable and flexible Network-on-Chip simulator is proposed. Some preliminary results obtained with this simulator are presented, too. They show the flexibility of this simulator and that it is feasible for addressing the application mapping problem in a unified manner.
Two genes encoding 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase in zucchini (Cucurbita pepo) are clustered and similar but differentially regulated. (1991)

A 17-kilobase (kb) region of the zucchini (Cucurbita pepo) genome has been sequenced and contains two genes, CP-ACC1A and CP-ACC1B, encoding 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (ACC synthase; S-adenosyl-L-methionine methylthioadenosine-lyase, EC 4.4.1.14). The genes are transcribed convergently and are separated by a 5.7-kb intergenic region. Their coding regions are interrupted by four introns located in identical positions. While the DNA identity in their coding regions is 97%, their 5' and 3' flanking regions are highly divergent. Transcription of CP-ACCIA is rapidly induced by wounding in fruit and etiolated hypocotyls and by indoleacetic acid (IAA)/benzyladenine/LiCl only in fruit tissue. Conditions that induce CP-ACC1B expression have not been found. Protein synthesis inhibition derepresses the expression of CP-ACC1A and other unidentified ACC synthase genes, suggesting that they may be under negative control. The amino acid sequences deduced from the nucleotide sequences of the genes are 493 and 494 residues long with 95% identity. The most notable feature of the amino acid sequence is the presence of 11 of the 12 invariant amino acid residues involved in the binding of the substrate and pyridoxal-5'-phosphate in various aminotransferases. We conclude that ACC synthase is encoded by a multigene family of which certain members are differentially induced by auxin in a tissue-specific manner. Furthermore, ACC synthase, a pyridoxal-containing enzyme, may have an evolutionary relationship with the superfamily of aminotransferases.
Graphene oxide-iron oxide and reduced graphene oxide-iron oxide hybrid materials for the removal of organic and inorganic pollutants (2012)

Graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) were both decorated with iron oxide nanoparticles and were characterized by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The adsorption of Pb(II), 1-naphthol, and 1-naphthylamine, as representatives of inorganic and organic pollutants, on GO-iron oxides and RGO-iron oxides was investigated. The results showed that the GO-iron oxide material was a good adsorbent for Pb(II) but not for 1-naphthol and 1-naphthylamine due to oxygen-containing groups on the surface, whereas the RGO-iron oxide material was a good adsorbent for 1-naphthol and 1-naphthylamine but not for Pb(II). The adsorption of 1-naphthol and 1-naphthylamine on RGO-iron oxides was an endothermic and spontaneous process. Both materials can be easily separated by magnetic separation.
LRP1 Regulates Architecture of the Vascular Wall by Controlling PDGFRβ-Dependent Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Activation (2009)

Our data suggest that LRP1 regulates actin organization and cell migration by controlling PDGFRbeta-dependent activation of PI3K. TGFbeta activation alone is not sufficient for the expression of the Marfan-like vascular phenotype. Thus, regulation of PI3 Kinase by PDGFRbeta is essential for maintaining vascular integrity, and for the prevention of atherosclerosis as well as Marfan syndrome.
CDC2/CDK1 Expression in Esophageal Adenocarcinoma and Precursor Lesions Serves as a Diagnostic and Cancer Progression Marker and Potential Novel Drug Target (2005)

Esophageal adenocarcinoma arises through well-defined precursor lesions (Barrett esophagus), although only a subset of these lesions advances to invasive adenocarcinoma. The lack of markers predicting progression in Barrett esophagus, typical presentation at advanced stage, and limitations of conventional chemotherapy result in >90% mortality for Barrett-associated adenocarcinomas. To identify potential prognostic markers and therapeutic targets, we compared gene expression profiles from Barrett-associated esophageal adenocarcinoma cell lines (BIC1, SEG1, KYAE, OE33) and normal esophageal epithelial scrapings utilizing the Affymetrix U133_A gene expression platform. We identified 560 transcripts with >3-fold up-regulation in the adenocarcinoma cell lines compared with normal epithelium. Utilizing tissue microarrays composed of normal esophageal squamous mucosa (n = 20), Barrett esophagus (n = 10), low-grade dysplasia (n = 14), high-grade dysplasia (n = 27), adenocarcinoma (n = 59), and node metastases (n = 27), we confirmed differential up-regulation of three proteins (Cdc2/Cdk1, Cdc5, and Igfbp3) in adenocarcinomas and Barrett lesions. Protein expression mirrored histologic progression; thus, 87% of low-grade dysplasias had at least focal surface Cdc2/Cdk1 and 20% had >5% surface staining; 96% of high-grade dysplasias expressed abundant surface Cdc2/Cdk1, while invasive adenocarcinoma and metastases demonstrated ubiquitous expression. Esophageal adenocarcinoma cell lines treated with the novel CDC2/CDK1 transcriptional inhibitor, tetra-O-methyl nordihydroguaiaretic acid (EM-1421, formerly named M4N) demonstrated a dose-dependent reduction in cell proliferation, paralleling down-regulation of CDC2/CDK1 transcript and protein levels. These findings suggest a role for CDC2/CDK1 in esophageal adenocarcinogenesis, both as a potential histopathologic marker of dysplasia and a putative treatment target.
Performance of modulation‐level‐controlled adaptive modulation systems (1996)

Abstract The multivalued quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), such as 16 QAM, is a very useful technique in land mobile communication since a high‐speed transmission can be realized without enlarging the transmission band. The technique has a problem, however, in that it is not robust against the decrease of the received signal level due to fading or the effect of the delayed waves, which easily deteriorates the transmission quality. To solve such a problem, this paper proposes an adaptive modulation system where the number of modulation levels is adjusted according to the condition of the channel. In the proposed system, the instantaneous C/N 0 and the delay spread are estimated as the condition of the channel, using a method based on time division multiple access/time division duplex (TDMA/TDD). When the channel is in a good situation, a highspeed transmission is executed using a larger number of modulation levels such as 256 QAM. When the channel is in a bad condition, a modulation method with a small number of modulation levels, such as quadraphase‐shift keying (QPSK), is used, which is robust against the noise or the delayed waves. By this scheme, it is possible to realize a high‐speed transmission without deteriorating the transmission quality, compared to the conventional system with the fixed number of modulation levels. The transmission performance is evaluated by a computer simulation, and it is shown that a high‐speed transmission can be realized without deteriorating the transmission quality, compared to the QPSK system, in the uniform Rayleigh fading condition as well as in the situation containing delayed waves.
Characterization of a novel novobiocin analogue as a putative C‐terminal inhibitor of heat shock protein 90 in prostate cancer cells (2009)

These data reveal distinct modes of action for N-terminal and C-terminal Hsp90 inhibitors, which may offer unique therapeutic benefits for the treatment of prostate cancer.
ROC curves predicted by a model of visual search (2006)

In imaging tasks where the observer is uncertain whether lesions are present, and where they could be present, the image is searched for lesions. In the free-response paradigm, which closely reflects this task, the observer provides data in the form of a variable number of mark-rating pairs per image. In a companion paper a statistical model of visual search has been proposed that has parameters characterizing the perceived lesion signal-to-noise ratio, the ability of the observer to avoid marking non-lesion locations, and the ability of the observer to find lesions. The aim of this work is to relate the search model parameters to receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves that would result if the observer reported the rating of the most suspicious finding on an image as the overall rating. Also presented are the probability density functions (pdfs) of the underlying latent decision variables corresponding to the highest rating for normal and abnormal images. The search-model-predicted ROC curves are 'proper' in the sense of never crossing the chance diagonal and the slope is monotonically changing. They also have the interesting property of not allowing the observer to move the operating point continuously from the origin to (1, 1). For certain choices of parameters the operating points are predicted to be clustered near the initial steep region of the curve, as has been observed by other investigators. The pdfs are non-Gaussians, markedly so for the abnormal images and for certain choices of parameter values, and provide an explanation for the well-known observation that experimental ROC data generally imply a wider pdf for abnormal images than for normal images. Some features of search-model-predicted ROC curves and pdfs resemble those predicted by the contaminated binormal model, but there are significant differences. The search model appears to provide physical explanations for several aspects of experimental ROC curves.
&lt;p&gt;Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein as a Novel Potential Therapeutic Target in Diabetes Mellitus and Its Underlying Complications&lt;/p&gt; (2020)

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common metabolic disorder which is characterized by a persistent increment of blood glucose. Globally, DM affects millions of people and the prevalence is increasing alarmingly. The critical step in the pathophysiology of DM is the loss of β-cells of the pancreas, which are responsible for the secretion of insulin. Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is among the factors that control the production and loss of the pancreatic β-cells. TXNIP is an α-arrestin that can bind and inhibit thioredoxin (the antioxidant protein) which is produced in the pancreatic islet after glucose intake. Numerous studies illustrated that elevated TXNIP levels were found to induce β-cell apoptosis; whereas TXNIP deficiency protects against type I and type II diabetes by promoting β-cell survival. Nowadays, TXNIP depletion is becoming a key factor in pancreatic β-cell survival enhancement. In the present review, targeting TXNIP is found to be relevant as a unique therapeutic opportunity, not only to improve insulin secretion and sensitivity, but also ameliorating the long term microvascular and macrovascular complications of the disease. Thus, TXNIP inhibitors that could reduce the expression and/or activity of TXNIP to non-diabetic levels are promising agents to halt the alarming rate of diabetes and its related complications.
An Efficient Combinatorial Optimization Algorithm for Optimal Scheduling of Aircraft Arrivals at Congested Airports (2006)

Aircraft are often required to delay their landing/arrival time at an airport when they are approaching the terminal radar approach control (TRACON) area, due to airport capacity constraints. In regions like the Northeast (NE) corridor of the US the sectors are small, with shorter controllable time, and these areas involve very complex traffic flows. Hence, many sectors are needed to absorb the required delays and aircraft have to be delayed when they are far away from the airport. Over these long distances, the ability to accurately predict aircraft trajectories is not good enough to compute expected times of arrival with precision, due to uncertain winds and piloting techniques. The existent scheduling system - traffic management advisor-single center (TMA-SC) - ignores this uncertainty and schedules the aircraft in the predicted first come first served (FCFS) order. This can lead to inefficient aircraft sequences and scheduled times of arrival (STAs). Pilot-in-loop simulations have revealed that at such busy airports, a loosely coupled hierarchy of multiple single point dynamic schedulers, in which scheduling constraints at downstream scheduling points are passed upstream, would be beneficial, because it would eliminate exclusive reliance on distant trajectory estimates. This concept of coupling scheduling over a small region to the scheduling over a bigger outer region is at the core of the new multi center TMA (McTMA) system, currently in development at NASA Ames Research Center. However, in all the proposed algorithms for scheduling aircraft in McTMA no consideration has been given to optimizing the arrival aircraft sequences. In this paper, we work within such a hierarchial scheduling structure and develop a new efficient scheduling algorithm, which uses combinatorial optimization techniques to find the optimal arrival aircraft sequence and the optimal STAs for the aircraft at a certain reference point, given that the maximum number of position switches from the FCFS order is specified. Scheduling constraints and minimum separation requirements depending on the leading and trailing aircraft types, will be taken care of within the scheduling algorithm. The algorithm will also enable prioritization of aircraft according to airline preferences and it will distribute the allocated delays optimally among all the sectors that lie along the route of the aircraft
Gene therapy for cystic fibrosis in humans by liposome-mediated DNA transfer: the production of resources and the regulatory process. (1994)

The number of clinical trials using gene transfer technology, either active or under discussion, is increasing rapidly. However, little information is available describing the regulatory procedures or safety specifications that must be considered before initiation of such trials in Europe. We describe the procedure used by our group to produce resources for the first stage of a phase I trial of liposome-mediated gene therapy for cystic fibrosis. The current lack of written and co-ordinated guidance from the numerous interested regulatory agencies within the UK and Europe makes determination of the appropriate safety specifications and procedures for these novel trials difficult, as does the fact that some new agencies (such as the Genetic Therapy Advisory Committee in the UK) and some which are unfamiliar with clinical trials (such as the Department of the Environment) are involved as well as the Medicines Control Agency. In addition, we estimate that the realistic cost of these trials, which in many cases will have to be covered from research budgets provided by government agencies or medical charities, could lead to delays in the clinical application of this important new therapeutic strategy.
Rapid Development of an Efficacious Swine Vaccine for Novel H1N1 (2009)

Recombinant hemagglutinin (HA) from a novel H1N1 influenza strain was produced using an alphavirus replicon expression system. The recombinant HA vaccine was produced more rapidly than traditional vaccines, and was evaluated as a swine vaccine candidate at different doses in a challenge model utilizing the homologous influenza A/California/04/2009 (H1N1) strain. Vaccinated animals showed significantly higher specific antibody response, reduced lung lesions and viral shedding, and higher average daily gain when compared to non-vaccinated control animals. These data demonstrate that the swine vaccine candidate was efficacious at all of the evaluated doses.
Hypomyelination Associated With Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Type 2 Infection in a Longhorn Calf (2010)

A newborn Longhorn heifer calf presented with generalized tremors, muscle fasciculations, ataxia, and nystagmus. At necropsy, no gross central nervous system lesions were observed. Histologically, the brain and spinal cord had mild to moderate diffuse microgliosis and astrocytosis, minimal nonsuppurative encephalitis, and decreased myelin staining. Ultrastructural examination revealed thinning and absence of myelin sheaths. Various cell types were immunohistochemically positive for bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). Noncytopathogenic BVDV was isolated from the brain and identified as BVDV type 2 by phylogenetic analysis. BVDV-induced hypomyelination is rare and analogous to lesions in neonates infected with border disease and classical swine fever viruses. This is the first documented case of hypomyelination in a calf specifically attributed to BVDV type 2 and the first description of the ultrastructural appearance of BVDV-induced hypomyelination.
Wenn die Götter auferstehen und die Propheten rebellieren [When the Gods Resurrect and the Prophets Rebel] [review] / Glanz, Oliver (2014)

Glanz, who holds two Master's degrees (Theology and Philosophy) and a Ph.D. (Exegetical Methodology and Philosophical Hermeneutics), is not unknown to the readers of AUSS due to several articles on biblical-theological methodology published in this journal.In his monograph "Wenn die Gtter auferstehen und die Propheten rebellieren" ("When the Gods Resurrect and the Prophets Rebel") Glanz offers an integrated approach to the question of reality in a postmodern culture, in dialogue with the biblical prophetic worldview.This prophetic outlook on reality reveals a criticism of religion (in biblical times the religions of the nations/Gentiles), which is similar to the modern religious criticism as revealed in the works of Marx, Feuerbach, Freud, Nietzsche, and others, where religion is rejected as a human projection of desires, hopes, and fears, and thus the faith in god(s) as a merely human invention.The biblical prophets have a very similar standpoint: common religion (as manifested in the nations) is merely an attempt to have a god/several gods at man's bidding, gods who can be manipulated by certain rituals, sacrifices, and other religious activity to give to man what man wants.But-and that is the big differencethey hold that true religion is only to be found with JHWH, the God of Israel, who cannot be manipulated but is an independent being who reveals himself when, where, and to whom he wants.Revelation always starts with God, never with man.There is no ritual mechanism made by man that ensures the reaction and blessings of JHWH, but rather JHWH himself reveals what he wants.The Bible is full of signs of JHWH's independency: "he speaks when he wants-even then, when nobody asks or inquires for it.He gives fertilityeven then, when nobody expects it anymore.JHWH is a personality with His own will and own ideas, and this is the reason why he can become a 'you,' an opposite for man.The prophets declare that JHWH is a real 'you' for man and not only a mere reflection [of human desires]" (91.Translation by A. Kaiser).In an easily readable and intellectually inviting way, Glanz takes his reader on a journey through the implications this basic thought has for our understanding of reality: of history, of the future, of creation, of sin and sense, of fear, longing, and anthropology, as well as of death.Always dialoguing with
Preparation of 4-benzylsulfanyl[1,2,3,5]dithiadiazol-1-ylium chlorides: potential precursors to meso-ionic 1,2,3,5-dithiadiazolium-4-thiolate (2002)

Treatment of S-benzyl-iso-thiuronium chlorides with sulfur monochloride (S 2 Cl 2 ) gives the corresponding S-benzyl-1,2,3,5-thiadiazolium chlorides 2 as deep red crystalline compounds. The structure of the p-chlorobenzyl derivative 2a has been confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Attempts to generate the unknown type-B meso-ionic compound 1,2,3,5-dithiadiazolium-4thiolate 1 by reaction of these salts with nucleophiles were unsuccessful. AM1 semi-empirical molecular orbital calculations suggest that, although the meso-ionic structure corresponds to a local energy minimum, acyclic valence tautomers could equilibrate in solution and lead to further reaction.