gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in mice by antibodies against IFN- <i>gamma</i> . (1988)

Acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) was induced in C57BL/6J and SJL/J mice by injection of isologous spinal cord homogenate given in conjunction with Bordetella pertussis and Freund's adjuvant. SJL/J mice showed a highly aggressive and 100% lethal form of the disease; C57BL/6J mice were much less susceptible as they had low morbidity rates (20 to 40%), low disease scores, and mostly no mortality. Treatment of these low susceptibility mice with neutralizing mAb against IFN-gamma caused an increase in morbidity rates as well as significant mortality (up to 80%). Similar antibody treatment did not affect the course of the disease in the high susceptibility SJL/J mice. However, treatment of these mice with IFN-gamma resulted in reduced morbidity and mortality. A similar but less pronounced inhibition of the disease in SJL/J mice could be obtained by administration of IFN-alpha/beta or by acute infection with lactate dehydrogenase virus. The results indicate that endogenous as well as exogenous IFN can exert a down-regulating effect on the development of EAE. They also indicate that endogenous IFN-gamma is produced during the development of EAE and plays a disease-limiting role.
Scaling Context-Sensitive Points-To Analysis (2012)

Pointer analysis is one of the key static analyses during compilation. The efficiency of several compiler optimizations and transformations depends directly on the scalability and precision of the underlying pointer analysis. Recent advances still lack an efficient and scalable context-sensitive inclusion-based pointer analysis. In this work, we propose four novel techniques to improve the scalability of context-sensitive points-to analysis for C/C++ programs. 
First, we develop an efficient way of storing the approximate points-to information using a multi-dimensional bloom filter (multibloom). By making use of fast hash functions and exploiting the spatial locality of the points-to information, our multibloom-based points-to analysis offers significant savings in both analysis time and memory requirement. Since the representation never resets any bit in the multibloom, no points-to information is ever lost; and the analysis is sound, though approximate. This allows a client to trade off a minimal amount of precision but gain huge savings(two orders less) in memory requirement. By making use of multiple random and independent hash functions, the algorithm also achieves high precision and runs, on an average,2×faster than Andersen’s points-to analysis. Using Mod/Ref analysis as a client, we illustrate that the precision is above 98% of that of Andersen’s analysis. 
Second, we devise a sound randomized algorithm that processes a group of constraints in a less precise but efficient manner and the remaining constraints in a more precise manner. By randomly choosing different groups of constraints across different runs, the analysis results in different points-to information, each of which is guaranteed to be sound. By joining the results of a few runs, the analysis obtains an approximation that is very close to the one obtained by the more precise analysis and still proves efficient in terms of the analysis time. We instantiate our technique to develop a randomized context-sensitive points-to analysis. By varying the level of randomization, a client of points-to analysis can trade off minimal precision (less than 5%) for large gain in efficiency(over 50% reduction in analysis time). We also develop an adaptive version of the randomized algorithm that carefully varies the randomization across different runs to achieve maximum benefit in terms of analysis time and precision without pre-setting the randomization percentage and the number of runs. 
Third, we transform the points-to analysis problem into finding a solution to a system of linear equations. By making novel use of prime factorization, we illustrate how to transform complex points-to constraints into a set of linear equations and transform the solution back as a points-to solution. We prove that our algorithm is sound and show that our technique is 1.8×faster than Andersen’s analysis for large benchmarks. 
Finally, we observe that the order in which points-to constraints are processed plays a vital role in the algorithm efficiency. We prove that finding an…
Recent findings on vector acari for rickettsia and spirochete in Japan (1995)

This review serves to summarize important articles concerned with acari-borne rickettsioses and spirochetoses inside and outside of Japan, especially from the acarology researcher's side, and to introduce recent findings, or to deal with as many questions as possible including our preliminary results. The subjects herein presented are as follows; vectorial competences of trombiculid mites for tsutsugamushi disease associated with regional endemic factors throughout Japan, vectorial competences of ticks for spotted fever occurring in the southwestern half of Japan and any possible vectors of other rickettsioses known recently; vectorial competence of ticks for Lyme disease found mostly in the northeastern half of Japan and various questions on the transmission dynamics of Borrelia.
Inheritance of total serum IgE (basal levels) in man. (1987)

Since allergic individuals with atopic allergy tend to have higher total serum IgE levels than do nonallergic subjects, family studies of total serum IgE levels are necessary in delineating the genetic and environmental factors involved in the expression of allergic disease. However, previous studies do not agree as to the genetic basis of total IgE production. To try to resolve this conflict, a total of 278 individuals from 42 nuclear families ascertained for large family size (at least four children) were studied. The families were not selected for the presence of allergic disease. Segregation analysis showed that the mixed model of recessive inheritance of high levels was most appropriate for these data--with approximately 36% of the total phenotypic variation in log[IgE] attributable to genetic factors, equally divided between a Mendelian component and a more general polygenic component. Thus, these data suggest some role for Mendelian control of basal IgE levels, but there is significant familial aggregation in IgE levels over and above that due to a Mendelian factor.
Finding parts in very large corpora (1999)

We present a method for extracting parts of objects from wholes (e.g. "speedometer" from "car"). Given a very large corpus our method finds part words with 55% accuracy for the top 50 words as ranked by the system. The part list could be scanned by an end-user and added to an existing ontology (such as WordNet), or used as a part of a rough semantic lexicon.
Finite state Markov chain model for wind generation forecast: A data-driven spatiotemporal approach (2012)

Integrating a large amount of wind energy into the bulk power grid has put forth great challenges for operations planning and system reliability. In particular, a complication that arises is that wind generation is highly variable (stochastic) and non-dispatchable, thus making it difficult to guarantee that the load and generation remain balanced at each instant. This uncertainty of wind generation impacts decision making at various system levels, and mischaracterizing the uncertainty can lead to spilt generation. In this work, the supply-side uncertainty is investigated by developing a realistic Markov chain model for wind generation forecasting. Specifically, using extensive measurement data obtained from an actual wind farm, a spatiotemporal analysis of the aggregate wind generation output from the farm is performed. One critical observation from empirical data is that the wind power output from the turbines are not necessarily equal even if they are identical and colocated. Using tools from graph theory and time-series analysis, a systematic procedure to characterize the statistical distribution of the aggregate wind power output from the farm is constructed. The procedure developed is amenable to the case when the farm has turbines from multiple classes, e.g., when they belong to multiple manufacturers or when they are deployed with different hub heights. The temporal dynamics of the aggregate wind power is characterized using auto-regression analysis, while taking into account the diurnal non-stationarity and the seasonality. Building on these spatial and temporal characterizations, a realistic, finite state Markov chain model for forecasting the aggregate wind power in a rigorous optimization framework is developed.
Isozymic forms of rat brain Ca2+-activated and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase. (1986)

Three forms of rat brain Ca2+-activated and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (EC 2.7.1.37) were separated by hydroxylapatite column chromatography. These enzymes, designated type I, II, and III protein kinase C, all have a molecular weight of 82,000, undergo autophosphorylation in the presence of Ca2+, phosphatidylserine, and diolein, and bind [3H]phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate. Autophosphorylation of these kinases resulted in an incorporation of 1-1.5 mol of 32P per mol of enzyme. Two-dimensional peptide mapping analysis revealed that these kinases had different sites of autophosphorylation. Phosphoamino acid analysis showed that type I and type III protein kinase C primarily autophosphorylated at a serine residue, whereas type II kinase autophosphorylated at both serine and threonine residues. In addition, polyclonal antibodies raised against a mixture of three types of the kinase preferentially inhibited type I and type II enzymes. Monoclonal antibodies against type I and type II kinase only recognized their respective enzymes but not the type III enzyme. These results demonstrate the presence of isozymic forms of protein kinase C in rat brain.
Streptomycin. II.<sup>1</sup> Streptose (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStreptomycin. II.1 StreptoseJohn R. Dyer, W. E. McGonigal, and K. C. RiceCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1965, 87, 3, 654–655Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01081a047https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01081a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views228Altmetric-Citations70LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Applications of Amniotic Membrane and Fluid in Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (2012)

The amniotic membrane (AM) and amniotic fluid (AF) have a long history of use in surgical and prenatal diagnostic applications, respectively. In addition, the discovery of cell populations in AM and AF which are widely accessible, nontumorigenic and capable of differentiating into a variety of cell types has stimulated a flurry of research aimed at characterizing the cells and evaluating their potential utility in regenerative medicine. While a major focus of research has been the use of amniotic membrane and fluid in tissue engineering and cell replacement, AM- and AF-derived cells may also have capabilities in protecting and stimulating the repair of injured tissues via paracrine actions, and acting as vectors for biodelivery of exogenous factors to treat injury and diseases. Much progress has been made since the discovery of AM and AF cells with stem cell characteristics nearly a decade ago, but there remain a number of problematic issues stemming from the inherent heterogeneity of these cells as well as inconsistencies in isolation and culturing methods which must be addressed to advance the field towards the development of cell-based therapies. Here, we provide an overview of the recent progress and future perspectives in the use of AM- and AF-derived cells for therapeutic applications.
The Three Insulin Response Sequences in the Glucose-6-phosphatase Catalytic Subunit Gene Promoter Are Functionally Distinct (2003)

Glucose-6-phosphatase catalyzes the terminal step in the gluconeogenic and glycogenolytic pathways. In HepG2 cells, the maximum repression of basal glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit (G6Pase) gene transcription by insulin requires two distinct promoter regions, designated A (located between -231 and -199) and B (located between -198 and -159), that together form an insulin response unit. Region A binds hepatocyte nuclear factor-1, which acts as an accessory factor to enhance the effect of insulin, mediated through region B, on G6Pase gene transcription. We have previously shown that region B binds the transcriptional activator FKHR (FOXO1a) in vitro. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrate that FKHR also binds the G6Pase promoter in situ and that insulin inhibits this binding. Region B contains three insulin response sequences (IRSs), designated IRS 1, 2, and 3, that share the core sequence T(G/A)TTTT. However, detailed analyses reveal that these three G6Pase IRSs are functionally distinct. Thus, FKHR binds IRS 1 with high affinity and IRS 2 with low affinity but it does not bind IRS 3. Moreover, in the context of the G6Pase promoter, IRS 1 and 2, but not IRS 3, are required for the insulin response. Surprisingly, IRS 3, as well as IRS 1 and IRS 2, can each confer an inhibitory effect of insulin on the expression of a heterologous fusion gene, indicating that, in this context, a transcription factor other than FKHR, or its orthologs, can also mediate an insulin response through the T(G/A)TTTT motif.
Modulation of the Basal Ganglia by Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors: Potential for Novel Therapeutics (2002)

The basal ganglia are implicated in a number of disorders including neurodegenerative motor diseases such as Huntington's and Parkinson's disease, as well as psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and obsessive compulsive disorder. In recent years, a great deal of effort has been focused on determining the basal ganglia circuitry that underlies normal behavior, as well as many of these syndromes. This has led to a detailed understanding of both the normal and pathophysiological flow of information through the basal ganglia, and has provided the opportunity to begin developing novel pharmacological methods of intervention by targeting neuromodulatory receptors with in the basal ganglia circuit. One group of receptors that holds much promise for several basal ganglia disorders is the metabotropic glutamate receptors. Data from behavioral, neurochemical, neuroanatomical and electrophysiological studies has begun to reveal the functional roles that the metabotropic glutamate receptors play in modulating the basal ganglia circuit, and suggests that compounds selectively targeting these receptors may provide novel therapies for a variety of disorders including Parkinson's disease, addiction, and epilepsy.
Chemical composition of fragrant materials. IV. A new keto-alcohol, (-)-mintlactone, (+)-isomintlactone and minor components in peppermint oil. (1980)

Eighty-one constituents were newly identified from the oil of Mentha piperita L., including a new keto-alcohol, (-)-mintlactone and (+)-isomintlactone. They were determined by spectral data and syntheses to be 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-cyclohexen-l-one (8), (6R, 7aR) (10) and (6R, 7aS)-3, 6-dimethyl-5, 6, 7, 7a-tetrahydro-2 (4H)-benzofuranone (11), respectively.
Management of Difficult to Treat Locations of Psoriasis (2009)

Psoriasis located on the scalp, face, skin folds, palms/soles and nails may require special consideration due to physical disability and discomfort, and because the treatment efficacy and safety may be different. There are many therapeutic approaches for psoriasis in difficult to treat locations. Only a few of the therapies have been evaluated for efficacy and safety in well-designed and well-controlled clinical studies. Furthermore, comparative studies are often lacking. This chapter describes management of psoriasis located on the scalp, face, skin folds, palm/soles and nails, with special focus on treatment with topical agents.
Initial Analyses of Colon Cancer–Specific Antigen (CCSA)-3 and CCSA-4 as Colorectal Cancer–Associated Serum Markers (2007)

Colon cancer-specific antigen (CCSA)-3 and CCSA-4 are novel colon cancer markers identified by focused proteomic analysis of nuclear structural proteins. The goal of these studies was to evaluate serum-based CCSA-3 and CCSA-4 in the detection of individuals with preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions using ELISAs. Serum samples from 107 subjects undergoing colonoscopy, 28 subjects with colorectal cancer, and 125 subjects with benign disease or other types of cancer were evaluated. Individuals who underwent colonoscopy were classified into mutually exclusive categories, including normal colon, hyperplastic polyp, nonadvanced adenoma, and advanced adenoma. Sensitivity and specificity for both CCSA-3 and CCSA-4 were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. At a cutoff of 2 microg/mL for CCSA-3 and 0.3 microg/mL for CCSA-4, each marker detected all 28 colorectal cancers, for a sensitivity of 100% (lower 95% confidence bound, 89.8%). The sensitivity for detection of the combined end point of colorectal cancer and advanced adenoma for CCSA-3 was 89.1% [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 76.4-96.4%] and for CCSA-4 was 84.8% (95% CI, 71.1-93.7%) and 91.3% (95% CI, 79.2-97.6%) for either marker positive. The specificity in individuals with normal, hyperplastic polyps, or nonadvanced adenomas was 82.0% (95% CI, 72.4-89.4%) and 91.0% (95% CI, 83.0-96.0%) for CCSA-3 and CCSA-4, respectively. ROC curves for CCSA-3 and CCSA-4 reveal an area under the curve of 0.94 (95% CI, 0.90-0.98%). In these initial analyses, CCSA-3 and CCSA-4 show promise as potential serum markers for detection of colorectal cancer and advanced adenomas.
A Nasal Cannula can be used to Treat Obstructive Sleep Apnea (2007)

Our findings demonstrate clinical proof of concept that a nasal cannula for insufflating high airflows can be used to treat a diverse group of patients with obstructive sleep apnea.
The auxin, hydrogen peroxide and salicylic acid induced expression of the Arabidopsis GST6 promoter is mediated in part by an ocs element (1999)

Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are multi-functional enzymes that play critical roles in a number of plant stress responses. Ocs elements are enhancer sequences found in some pathogen and GST promoters. We previously isolated an Arabidopsis GST gene, called GST6, which contained an ocs-like element. Here we tested the role this putative ocs element plays in GST6 expression in response to auxin, salicylic acid (SA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) using a transient assay and transgenic Arabidopsis. The requirement for the ocs element for basal and/or induced expression varied between the transient and transgenic studies, and in different plant tissues. The GST6 promoter showed the largest induction in roots following treatment with SA (84-fold) or H2O2 (122-fold), and the effect of mutating the ocs element was most pronounced in root tissue. However, in no case did mutation of the ocs element abolish GST6 expression, suggesting that other promoter element(s) are also important. Using the transient assay, other promoter element(s) critical for GST6 expression were identified that may also help mediate the activity of the ocs element. The finding that the ocs element plays a role in the transcriptional response of a plant GST gene to SA and H2O2 has potential significance for the plant defense response, where SA and H2O2 play critical roles.
Cell cycle analysis of the activity, subcellular localization, and subunit composition of human CAK (CDK-activating kinase). (1994)

The activity of cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks) depends on the phosphorylation of a residue corresponding to threonine 161 in human p34cdc2. One enzyme responsible for phosphorylating this critical residue has recently been purified from Xenopus and starfish. It was termed CAK (for cdk-activating kinase), and it was shown to contain p40MO15 as its catalytic subunit. In view of the cardinal role of cdks in cell cycle control, it is important to learn if and how CAK activity is regulated during the somatic cell cycle. Here, we report a molecular characterization of a human p40MO15 homologue and its associated CAK activity. We have cloned and sequenced a cDNA coding for human p40MO15, and raised specific polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies against the corresponding protein expressed in Escherichia coli. These tools were then used to demonstrate that p40MO15 protein expression and CAK activity are constant throughout the somatic cell cycle. Gel filtration suggests that active CAK is a multiprotein complex, and immunoprecipitation experiments identify two polypeptides of 34 and 32 kD as likely complex partners of p40MO15. The association of the three proteins is near stoichiometric and invariant throughout the cell cycle. Immunocytochemistry and biochemical enucleation experiments both demonstrate that p40MO15 is nuclear at all stages of the cell cycle (except for mitosis, when the protein redistributes throughout the cell), although the p34cdc2/cyclin B complex, one of the major purported substrates of CAK, occurs in the cytoplasm until shortly before mitosis. The absence of obvious changes in CAK activity in exponentially growing cells constitutes a surprise. It suggests that the phosphorylation state of threonine 161 in p34cdc2 (and the corresponding residue in other cdks) may be regulated primarily by the availability of the cdk/cyclin substrates, and by phosphatase(s).