gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A cancer-associated mucin alteration in benign colonic polyps. (1982)

Abstract We have recently reported that the mucin in colon cancer is different from that in the normal colon, and this difference may be detected by selective lectin binding characteristics. The lectin Dolichos biflorus agglutinin [DBA] avidly binds to the mucin found in well-differentiated goblet cells in the normal colon, but does not bind to that in the majority of colonic cancers. Conversely, the lectin peanut agglutinin (PNA) does not bind to the mucin from the normal colon, but avidly binds to that in colon cancer. Therefore, these two lectins were used to determine if cancer-associated mucin were present in benign colonic polyps. Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) conjugates of Dolichos biflorus agglutinin and peanut agglutinin were applied to fixed, unstained tissue sections of 56 colonic polyps and examined by fluorescent microscopy. Focal areas were found within the polyps in which FITC-DBA labeling was diminished (compared with the normal colon) and labeling with FITC-PNA appeared. The findings are expressed as the percentage of glands per polyp labeled by FITC-PNA. The median labeling in 31 benign tubular adenomas was 7% of the glands per polyp. In 16 benign tubular adenomas ≤7 mm in diameter, only 2% of the glands per polyp were labeled, while in 15 benign tubular adenomas > 7 mm in diameter, 24% of the glands per polyp were labeled. Carcinoma in situ or invasive carcinoma was found in nine adenomatous polyps, in which 41% of the adenomatous glands were labeled by FITC-PNA. Unexpectedly, in eight hyperplastic polyps, 89% of the glands were labeled by FITC-PNA. These results indicate that among neoplastic colonic polyps, cancer-associated mucin changes are present and are more widespread in larger tubuluar adenomas, villoglandular adenomas, and adenomas containing cancer. The presence of mucin that is bound by FITC-PNA may be an indication of an increased risk of developing cancer within a colonic polyp. The finding of the cancer-associated mucin in hyperplastic polyps raises new questions about the pathogenesis of these benign, apparently nonneoplastic lesions.
A key of self-formed barrier technique for reliability improvement of CU dual damascene interconnects (2010)

We have studied key factors of Ti-based self-formed barrier technique on interconnect reliability. A performance of time dependent dielectric breakdown shows superior endurance, using quite a thin Ti-based self-formed barrier. However, to achieve a superior electromigration performance using Ti-based self-formed barrier, much more amount of Ti is needed compared with that of TDDB performance. This is why the control of excess Ti atoms is important to suppress the electromigration. We also discuss the mechanism that why the excess Ti improve reliability performance.
MPEG-4 standardized methods for the compression of arbitrarily shaped video objects (1999)

MPEG-4 is the most recent standard for audio-visual representation to be published by the International Organization for Standardization. One of the many new features of MPEG-4 is its ability to represent two-dimensional video objects of arbitrary shape. For this purpose, MPEG-4 uses the conventional motion-compensated discrete cosine transform syntax for color/texture coding and augments this with an explicit compressed representation of the video object's shape. This paper is intended as a tutorial in the means of encoding and decoding arbitrarily shaped video objects as specified by MPEG-4. The major emphasis of the paper is on explaining the compression technology associated with the normative shape representation, i.e., block-based context-based arithmetic encoding, but some new aspects associated with arbitrarily shaped texture coding are also highlighted. The MPEG-4 specifications are presented in an informal way, and the motivations underlying the algorithm are clarified. In addition, effective methods are suggested for performing many of the nonnormative encoding tasks, and several encoding performance tradeoffs are illustrated.
Dual referenced composite free layer design optimization for improving switching efficiency of spin-transfer torque RAM (2017)

We present a detailed numerical analysis of switching efficiency for the recently proposed dual referenced composite free layer structure with respect to Gilbert damping. Low anisotropy assistive layers enable reduction of Gilbert damping and an increase of partial spin polarization within those low anisotropy layers—not feasible with single layer structures that require high anisotropy for thermal stability. When the damping of the soft layers is ultra-low, an efficiency (kBT/μA) of 8.1 is achieved for the composite structure with perpendicular anisotropy. This represents an improvement of 286% and 913% relative to the state-of-the-art dual-referenced and conventional STT-RAM cells, respectively. Results for structures with longitudinal anisotropy are also presented. A linear calculation of the STT polarization pre-factor is also described that captures all reflections.
Expression of the <i>nfa1</i> Gene Cloned from Pathogenic <i>Naegleria fowleri</i> in Nonpathogenic <i>N. gruberi</i> Enhances Cytotoxicity against CHO Target Cells In Vitro (2005)

The pathogenic amoeba Naegleria fowleri has a 360-bp nfa1 gene that encodes the Nfa1 protein (13.1 kDa), which is located in the pseudopodia of the amoeba, and an anti-Nfa1 antibody reduces N. fowleri-induced mammalian-cell cytotoxicity in vitro. In contrast, an anti-Nfa1 antibody cannot detect Nfa1 protein expression in the nonpathogenic amoeba Naegleria gruberi, which also possesses the nfa1 gene. In the present study, the nfa1 gene cloned from pathogenic N. fowleri was transfected into nonpathogenic N. gruberi to determine whether it was related to pathogenicity. The nfa1 gene was initially inserted into a eukaryotic transfection vector, pEGFP-C2, containing a cytomegalovirus promoter and the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene, and was designed as pEGFP-C2/nfa1UTR (nfa1UTR contains 5' upstream regions, the nfa1 open reading frame, and 3' downstream regions). After transfection, the green fluorescence was observed in the cytoplasm of N. gruberi trophozoites. These transfectants were preserved for more than 9 months after selection. The transfected nfa1 gene was observed by PCR using nfa1- and vector-specific primers in the genomic DNA of N. gruberi transfected with the pEGFP-C2/nfa1UTR vector. In addition, the nfa1 and GFP genes were identified by reverse transcription-PCR in transgenic N. gruberi. The Nfa1 protein expressed in transgenic N. gruberi was identified as a 13.1-kDa band by Western blotting using an anti-Nfa1 antibody. Finally, N. gruberi transfected with the pEGFP-C2/nfa1UTR vector was found to have enhanced cytotoxicity against CHO cells compared with naïve N. gruberi.
Maximum likelihood estimation of cascade point-process neural encoding models (2004)

Recent work has examined the estimation of models of stimulus-driven neural activity in which some linear filtering process is followed by a nonlinear, probabilistic spiking stage. We analyze the estimation of one such model for which this nonlinear step is implemented by a known parametric function; the assumption that this function is known speeds the estimation process considerably. We investigate the shape of the likelihood function for this type of model, give a simple condition on the nonlinearity ensuring that no non-global local maxima exist in the likelihood—leading, in turn, to efficient algorithms for the computation of the maximum likelihood estimator—and discuss the implications for the form of the allowed nonlinearities. Finally, we note some interesting connections between the likelihood-based estimators and the classical spike-triggered average estimator, discuss some useful extensions of the basic model structure, and provide two novel applications to physiological data.
Neurospheres Enriched in Cancer Stem–Like Cells Are Highly Effective in Eliciting a Dendritic Cell–Mediated Immune Response against Malignant Gliomas (2006)

Cancer stem-like cells (CSC) could be a novel target for cancer therapy, including dendritic cell (DC) immunotherapy. To address this, we developed experiments aimed at DC targeting of neurospheres (NS) from GL261 glioma cells because neurospheres can be enriched in CSC. We obtained murine neurospheres by growing GL261 cells in epidermal growth factor/basic fibroblast growth factor without serum. GL261-NS recapitulated important features of glioblastoma CSC and expressed higher levels of radial glia stem cell markers than GL261 cells growing under standard conditions (GL261 adherent cells, GL261-AC), as assessed by DNA microarray and real-time PCR. GL261-NS brain gliomas were highly infiltrating and more rapidly lethal than GL261-AC, as evidenced by survival analysis (P < 0.0001), magnetic resonance imaging and histology. DC from the bone marrow of syngeneic mice were then used for immunotherapy of GL261-NS and GL261-AC tumors. Strikingly, DC loaded with GL261-NS (DC-NS) cured 80% and 60% of GL261-AC and GL261-NS tumors, respectively (P < 0.0001), whereas DC-AC cured only 50% of GL261-AC tumors (P = 0.0022) and none of the GL261-NS tumors. GL261-NS expressed higher levels of MHC and costimulatory molecules (CD80 and CD86) than GL261-AC; the JAM assay indicated that DC-NS splenocytes had higher lytic activity than DC-AC splenocytes on both GL261-NS and GL261-AC, and immunohistochemistry showed that DC-NS vaccination was associated with robust tumor infiltration by CD8+ and CD4+ T lymphocytes. These findings suggest that DC targeting of CSC provides a higher level of protection against GL261 gliomas, a finding with potential implications for the design of clinical trials based on DC vaccination.
Chronic Ethanol‐Induced Impairment of Wnt/<i>β</i>‐Catenin Signaling is Attenuated by <scp>PPAR</scp>‐<i>δ</i> Agonist (2015)

Chronic high-dose EtOH exposures inhibit Wnt signaling, which likely contributes to the impairments in liver regeneration. Therapeutic effects of PPAR-δ agonists extend beyond restoration of insulin/IGF signaling mechanisms and are mediated in part by enhancement of Wnt pathway signaling. Future studies will determine the degree to which targeted restoration of Wnt signaling is sufficient to improve liver regeneration and remodeling in the context of chronic EtOH exposure.
Letter (1991)

Dear Editor Recent Department of Health guidelines on The Welfare of Children and Young People in Hospital’, together with tire joint RCN Society of Paediatric Nursing and Accident and Emergency Nursing Association publication ‘Nursing children in Accident and Emergency Departments’ highlight how both these specialties complement each other in the care of children.
<i>cis</i>‐Parinaric acid is a ligand for the human peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ: development of a novel spectrophotometric assay for the discovery of PPARγ ligands (1998)

Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is the subject of intense investigation as a target for drugs against diabetes, atherosclerosis and cancer. For this reason there is considerable interest in the spectrum of compounds that bind this receptor. In this paper we have identified cis ‐parinaric acid (CPA) as a novel hPPARγ ligand. The binding of this fatty acid to the receptor increases its fluorescence and causes a shift in the UV spectrum. This spectral shift is reversible by competition with other known ligands for PPARγ. This report represents the first direct demonstration of a fatty acid binding to PPARγ.
Cerebellar granule cells are predominantly generated by terminal symmetric divisions of granule cell precursors (2015)

Unlike neural stem cells in the cerebral cortex and spinal cord, which generate many neurons by repeated asymmetric division, cerebellar GCPs produce neurons predominantly by terminal symmetric division. These results indicate diverse mechanisms of neurogenesis in the mammalian brain.
Training Convolutional Networks with Noisy Labels (2014)

The availability of large labeled datasets has allowed Convolutional Network models to achieve impressive recognition results. However, in many settings manual annotation of the data is impractical; instead our data has noisy labels, i.e. there is some freely available label for each image which may or may not be accurate. In this paper, we explore the performance of discriminatively-trained Convnets when trained on such noisy data. We introduce an extra noise layer into the network which adapts the network outputs to match the noisy label distribution. The parameters of this noise layer can be estimated as part of the training process and involve simple modifications to current training infrastructures for deep networks. We demonstrate the approaches on several datasets, including large scale experiments on the ImageNet classification benchmark.
A Case Study of Soyangin edematous patient diagnosed as diabetic nephropathy and treated Dojeokgangkitang. (2003)

Diabetic nephropathy is defined that renal glomeruluses are damaged by diabetes melitus and proteins that are not excreted to urine normally are exhausted, or do not excrete waste matter to urine, so-called chronic renal failure state. Clinical stage is explained divided 5. If reached 4 or 5 stage, overt proteinuria is occurred to clinical nephropathy, and hypoalbuminemia, azotemia, hypertension, and edema become serious. Concept about edema is differing comprehension about mechanism of a disease, and treatment methodaccording to Sasang Constitution in Sasang Constitutional Medicine. I treated edemtous Soyangin(少陽人) patient with Dojeokgangkitang(導赤降氣湯) who diagnosed as diabetic nephropathy and wrongly treated in Soeumin. I have got good results, so I do case study.
Triphenylpropylpiperazine Derivatives as New Potent Analgetic Substances (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTriphenylpropylpiperazine Derivatives as New Potent Analgetic SubstancesG. Regnier, R. Canevari, J. Le Douarec, S. Holstorp, and J. DaussyCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1972, 15, 3, 295–301Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1972Publication History Published online18 March 2003Published inissue 1 March 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00273a600https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00273a600research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views203Altmetric-Citations59LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Oral Appliance Therapy Improves Symptoms in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Randomized, Controlled Trial (2002)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a mandibular advancement splint (MAS) on daytime sleepiness and a range of other symptoms in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Using a randomized crossover design, patients received 4 weeks of treatment with MAS and a control device (inactive oral appliance), with an intervening 1-week washout. At the end of each treatment period, patients were reassessed by questionnaire, polysomnography, and multiple sleep latency test. Fifty-nine men and 14 women with a mean (+/- SD) age of 48 +/- 11 years and proven OSA experienced a significantly improved mean (+/- SEM) sleep latency on the multiple sleep latency test (10.3 +/- 0.5 versus 9.1 +/- 0.5 minutes, p = 0.01) and Epworth sleepiness scale score (7 +/- 1 versus 9 +/- 1, p < 0.0001) with the MAS compared with the control device after 4 weeks. The proportion of patients with normal subjective sleepiness was significantly higher with the MAS than with the control device (82 versus 62%, p < 0.01), but this was not so for objective sleepiness (48 versus 34%, p = 0.08). Other OSA symptoms were controlled in significantly more patients with the MAS than with the control device. MAS therapy improves a range of symptoms associated with OSA.
The Murine Nck SH2/SH3 Adaptors Are Important for the Development of Mesoderm-Derived Embryonic Structures and for Regulating the Cellular Actin Network (2003)

Mammalian Nck1 and Nck2 are closely related adaptor proteins that possess three SH3 domains, followed by an SH2 domain, and are implicated in coupling phosphotyrosine signals to polypeptides that regulate the actin cytoskeleton. However, the in vivo functions of Nck1 and Nck2 have not been defined. We have mutated the murine Nck1 and Nck2 genes and incorporated beta-galactosidase reporters into the mutant loci. In mouse embryos, the two Nck genes have broad and overlapping expression patterns. They are functionally redundant in the sense that mice deficient for either Nck1 or Nck2 are viable, whereas inactivation of both Nck1 and Nck2 results in profound defects in mesoderm-derived notochord and embryonic lethality at embryonic day 9.5. Fibroblast cell lines derived from Nck1(-/-) Nck2(-/-) embryos have defects in cell motility and in the organization of the lamellipodial actin network. These data suggest that the Nck SH2/SH3 adaptors have important functions in the development of mesodermal structures during embryogenesis, potentially linked to a role in cell movement and cytoskeletal organization.
Induction of differentiation in HL60 cells by the reduction of extrachromosomally amplified c-myc. (1994)

Oncogene amplification in tumor cells results in the overexpression of proteins that confer a growth advantage in vitro and in vivo. Amplified oncogenes can reside intrachromosomally, within homogeneously staining regions (HSRs), or extrachromosomally, within double minute chromosomes (DMs). Since previous studies have shown that low concentrations of hydroxyurea (HU) can eliminate DMs, we studied the use of HU as a gene-targeting agent in tumor cells containing extrachromosomally amplified oncogenes. In a neuroendocrine cell line (COLO 320), we have shown that HU can eliminate amplified copies of c-myc located on DMs, leading to a reduction in tumorigenicity in vitro and in vivo. To determine whether the observed reduction in tumorigenicity was due to differentiation, we next investigated whether HU could induce differentiation in HL60 cells containing extrachromosomally amplified c-myc. We compared the effects of HU, as well as two other known differentiating agents (dimethyl sulfoxide and retinoic acid), on c-myc gene copy number, c-myc expression, and differentiation in HL60 cells containing amplified c-myc genes either on DMs or HSRs. We discovered that HU and dimethyl sulfoxide reduced both c-myc gene copy number and expression and induced differentiation in cells containing c-myc amplified on DMs. These agents failed to have similar effects on HL60 cells with amplified c-myc in HSRs. By contrast, retinoic acid induced differentiation independent of the localization of amplified c-myc. These data illustrate the utility of targeting extrachromosomal DNA to modulate tumor phenotype and reveal that both HU and dimethyl sulfoxide induce differentiation in HL60 cells through DM elimination.
Fabrication of densely arrayed micro-needles with flow channels by mechanical dicing and anisotropic wet etching (2006)

We previously proposed a novel fabrication process, which is a combination of mechanical dicing and anisotropic wet etching, to reduce the cost of MEMS devices, and applied it to fabricate various solid micro-needle arrays in transdermal drug delivery systems [1, 2]. This paper discusses new fabrication processes we developed to produce flow channels in these micro-needle arrays. We fabricated two different types of points for the needle arrays, i.e., pyramidal and pen shaped, by multiplying the number of dicing and wet etching process. The height of the pyramidal needles was 120 µm and that of the pen pointed was 550 µm. Both their pitches were 370 µm. We believe that the processes we developed to produce flow channels in these micro-needle arrays will be useful for producing disposable injection devices for medical applications.
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography of T-RNA (1983)

Abstract Fractionation of amino acid specific tRNAs by descending salt gradient on a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography column is demonstrated. Stationary phase variables such as n-alkyl chain length and silica type are discussed in terms of stability and selectivity. Mobile phase parameters including salt concentration, organic modifier, pH, and temperature are investigated. The concentration of organic modifier to adjust elution profiles can be critical in terms of tRNA retention.
A 50 MHz 70 mW 8-tap adaptive equalizer/Viterbi sequence detector in 1.2 μm CMOS (2002)

A new architecture for digital implementation of the adaptive equalizer in Class IV Partial Response Maximum Likelihood (PRML) channels employing parallelism and pipelining is described. The architecture was used in a prototype integrated circuit in a 1.2 /spl mu/m CMOS technology to implement a 50 MHz adaptive equalizer and Viterbi sequence detector dissipating 70 mW from a 3.3 V supply.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Expeditious chemoenzymatic synthesis of CD52 glycopeptide antigens (2010)

CD52 is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored glycopeptide antigen found on sperm cells and human lymphocytes. Recent structural studies indicate that sperm-associated CD52 antigen carries both a complex type N-glycan and an O-glycan on the polypeptide backbone. To facilitate functional and immunological studies of distinct CD52 glycoforms, we report in this paper the first chemoenzymatic synthesis of homogeneous CD52 glycoforms carrying both N- and O-glycans. The synthetic strategy consists of two key steps: monosaccharide primers GlcNAc and GalNAc were first installed at the pre-determined N- and O-glycosylation sites by a facile solid-phase peptide synthesis, and then the N- and O-glycans were extended by respective enzymatic glycosylations. It was found that the endoglycosidase-catalyzed transglycosylation allowed efficient attachment of an intact N-glycan in a single step at the N-glycosylation site, while the recombinant human T-synthase could independently extend the O-linked GalNAc to form the core 1 O-glycan. This chemoenzymatic approach is highly convergent and permits easy construction of various homogeneous CD52 glycoforms from a common polypeptide precursor. In addition, the introduction of a latent thiol group in the form of protected cysteamine at the C-terminus of the CD52 glycoforms will enable site-specific conjugation to a carrier protein to provide immunogens for generating CD52 glycoform-specific antibodies for functional studies.