gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prospex: Protocol Specification Extraction (2009)

Protocol reverse engineering is the process of extracting application-level specifications for network protocols. Such specifications are very useful in a number of security-related contexts, for example, to perform deep packet inspection and black-box fuzzing, or to quickly understand custom botnet command and control (C&C) channels. Since manual reverse engineering is a time-consuming and tedious process, a number of systems have been proposed that aim to automate this task. These systems either analyze network traffic directly or monitor the execution of the application that receives the protocol messages. While previous systems show that precise message formats can be extracted automatically, they do not provide a protocol specification.The reason is that they do not reverse engineer the protocol state machine. In this paper, we focus on closing this gap by presenting a system that is capable of automatically inferring state machines. This greatly enhances the results of automatic protocol reverse engineering, while further reducing the need for human interaction. We extend previous work that focuses on behavior-based message format extraction, and introduce techniques for identifying and clustering different types of messages not only based on their structure, but also according to the impact of each message on server behavior. Moreover, we present an algorithm for extracting the state machine. We have applied our techniques to a number of real-world protocols, including the command and control protocol used by a malicious bot. Our results demonstrate that we are able to extract format specifications for different types of messages and meaningful protocol state machines. We use these protocol specifications to automatically generate input for a stateful fuzzer, allowing us to discover security vulnerabilities in real-world applications.
Field Effect Regulation of DNA Translocation through a Nanopore (2010)

Field effect regulation of DNA nanoparticle translocation through a nanopore using a gate electrode is investigated using a continuum model, composed of the coupled Poisson-Nernst-Planck equations for the ionic mass transport and the Navier-Stokes equations for the hydrodynamic field. The field effect regulation of the DNA translocation relies on the induced electroosmotic flow (EOF) and the particle-nanopore electrostatic interaction. When the electrical double layers (EDLs) formed adjacent to the DNA nanoparticle and the nanopore wall are overlapped, the particle-nanopore electrostatic interaction could dominate over the EOF effect, which enables the DNA trapping inside the nanopore when the applied electric field is relatively low. However, the particle-nanopore electrostatic interaction becomes negligible if the EDLs are not overlapped. When the applied electric field is relatively high, a negative gate potential can slow down the DNA translocation by an order of magnitude, compared to a floating gate electrode. The field effect control offers a more flexible and electrically compatible approach to regulate the DNA translocation through a nanopore for DNA sequencing.
Handbook of Biochemistry. Selected Data for Molecular Biology. (1969)

Handbook of biochemistry: selected data for molecular biology , Handbook of biochemistry: selected data for molecular biology , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
High Power and High Efficiency Semipolar InGaN Light Emitting Diodes (2008)

We demonstrate high power blue and green InGaN/GaN multiple-quantum-well (MQW) light emitting diodes (LEDs) grown on low extended defect density semipolar (10 1 1) and (11 2 2) bulk GaN substrates by metal organic chemical vapor deposition. The output power and external quantum efficiency (EQE) at 20 mA under pulsed operation (10 % duty cycle) were 19.7 mW and 34.4 % for the blue LED and 9.0 mW and 18.9 % for the green LED, respectively. The blue LED showed <1 nm red-shift with change in drive current from 1 - 200 mA, indicating a significant reduction of polarization related internal electric fields.
Bi<sub>2</sub>ZnTiO<sub>6</sub>:  A Lead-Free Closed-Shell Polar Perovskite with an Ionic Polarization of 150 μC cm<sup>-</sup><sup>2</sup>. (2006)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionBi2ZnTiO6: A Lead-Free Closed-Shell Polar Perovskite with an Ionic Polarization of 150 μC cm-2.Matthew R. Suchomel, Andrew M. Fogg, Mathieu Allix, Hongjun Niu, John B. Claridge, and Matthew J. RosseinskyCite this: Chem. Mater. 2006, 18, 24, 5810Publication Date (Web):November 7, 2006Publication History Published online7 November 2006Published inissue 28 November 2006https://doi.org/10.1021/cm062536aCopyright © 2006 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views768Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (8 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Activity of matrix metalloproteinase‐9 against native collagen types I and III (2007)

Interstitial collagen types I, II and III are highly resistant to proteolytic attack, due to their triple helical structure, but can be cleaved by matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) collagenases at a specific site, approximately three-quarters of the length from the N-terminus of each chain. MMP-2 and -9 are closely related at the structural level, but MMP-2, and not MMP-9, has been previously described as a collagenase. This report investigates the ability of purified recombinant human MMP-9 produced in insect cells to degrade native collagen types I and III. Purified MMP-9 was able to cleave the soluble, monomeric forms of native collagen types I and III at 37 degrees C and 25 degrees C, respectively. Activity against collagens I and III was abolished by metalloproteinase inhibitors and was not present in the concentrated crude medium of mock-transfected cells, demonstrating that it was MMP-9-derived. Mutated, collagenase-resistant type I collagen was not digested by MMP-9, indicating that the three-quarters/one-quarter locus was the site of initial attack. Digestion of type III collagen generated a three-quarter fragment, as shown by comparison with MMP-1-mediated cleavage. These data demonstrate that MMP-9, like MMP-2, is able to cleave collagens I and III in their native form and in a manner that is characteristic of the unique collagenolytic activity of MMP collagenases.
Prostaglandin I2 Analogs Inhibit Proinflammatory Cytokine Production and T Cell Stimulatory Function of Dendritic Cells (2007)

Signaling through the PGI(2) receptor (IP) has been shown to inhibit inflammatory responses in mouse models of respiratory syncytial viral infection and OVA-induced allergic responses. However, little is known about the cell types that mediate the anti-inflammatory function of PGI(2.) In this study, we determined that PGI(2) analogs modulate dendritic cell (DC) cytokine production, maturation, and function. We report that PGI(2) analogs (iloprost, cicaprost, treprostinil) differentially modulate the response of murine bone marrow-derived DC (BMDC) to LPS in an IP-dependent manner. The PGI(2) analogs decreased BMDC production of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-12, TNF-alpha, IL-1alpha, IL-6) and chemokines (MIP-1alpha, MCP-1) and increased the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 by BMDCs. The modulatory effect was associated with IP-dependent up-regulation of intracellular cAMP and down-regulation of NF-kappaB activity. Iloprost and cicaprost also suppressed LPS-induced expression of CD86, CD40, and MHC class II molecules by BMDCs and inhibited the ability of BMDCs to stimulate Ag-specific CD4 T cell proliferation and production of IL-5 and IL-13. These findings suggest that PGI(2) signaling through the IP may exert anti-inflammatory effects by acting on DC.
IFN-α Directly Promotes Programmed Cell Death-1 Transcription and Limits the Duration of T Cell-Mediated Immunity (2011)

Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) is an inhibitory coreceptor for T lymphocytes that provides feedback inhibition of T cell activation. Although PD-1's expression on T cells is known to be activation dependent, the factors that determine the timing, intensity, and duration of PD-1 expression in immune reactions are not fully understood. To address this question, we performed a fine mapping analysis of a conserved 5'-flanking region of the PD-1 gene and identified a putative IFN stimulation response element, which was responsible for PD-1 transcription in the 2B4.11 T cell line. Consistent with this finding, activation by IFN-α enhanced both the induction and maintenance of PD-1 expression on TCR-engaged primary mouse T cells through an association IFN-responsive factor 9 (IRF9) to the IFN stimulation response element. Furthermore, PD-1 expression on Ag-specific CD8(+) T cells was augmented by IFN-α in vivo. We propose that strong innate inflammatory responses promote primary T cell activation and their differentiation into effector cells, but also cause an attenuated T cell response in sustained immune reactions, at least partially through type I IFN-mediated PD-1 transcription. Based on this idea, we demonstrate that IFN-α administration in combination with PD-1 blockade in tumor-bearing mice effectively augments the antitumor immunity, and we propose this as a novel and rational approach for cancer immunotherapy.
Successful Optimization of Utilizing Multiphase Flow Meters (MPFMs) for Multiple Wells with a Wide Range of Fluid Properties in South Ghawar (2013)

Abstract As the overhead expenses for production was beginning to increase in the South Ghawar oil field, an operation optimization opportunity became a basic need to fully utilize resources. The optimization called for shutting down and mothballing of three gas-oil separation plants (GOSPs) and rerouting wells production to the nearest respective GOSP. This process was expected to have minor effect on the production potential of individual wells, due to subsequent increments in the length of the flow line. Evaluation of production potential for all the rerouted wells within a very short time was made possible through the installation and commissioning of two multiphase flow meters (MPFMs) per GOSP to cover low and high flow rate range producers. In a well-planned and executed campaign, each group of wells were rigorously tested through their designated MPFM, the results analyzed, compared with historical data and further assessed against results of downhole production logging and wellhead samples for validation 4. This paper discusses the unique experience gathered and lessons learned during this major resource optimization program, starting from the selection of MPFM type to the fine-tuning of the MPFM parameters to fit a relatively wide spectrum of flow ranges by using appropriate geochemical and pressure-volume-temperature (PVT) data and to finally arrive at a fairly accurate production rate measurement for the field. Each step in this process presented a challenge for the implementation team that mandated tremendous analysis and teamwork to overcome these challenges.
Bilayer Formation between Lipid-Encased Hydrogels Contained in Solid Substrates (2010)

Solidified biomolecular networks that incorporate liquid-supported lipid bilayers are constructed by attaching lipid-encased, water-swollen hydrogels contained in oil. Poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEG-DMA) and a free-radical photoinitiator are added to an aqueous lipid vesicle solution such that exposure to ultraviolet light results in solidification of neighboring aqueous volumes. Bilayer formation can occur both prior to photopolymerization with the aqueous mixture in the liquid state and after solidification by using the regulated attachment method (RAM) to attach the aqueous volumes contained within a flexible substrate. In addition, photopolymerization of the hydrogels can be performed in a separate mold prior to placement in the supporting substrate. Membranes formed across a wide range of hydrogel concentrations [0-80% (w/v); MW=1000 g/mol PEG-DMA] exhibit high electrical resistances (1-10 GΩ), which enable single-channel recordings of alamethicin channels and show significant durability and longevity. We demonstrate that just as liquid phases can be detached and reattached using RAM, reconfiguration of solid aqueous phases is also possible. The results presented herein demonstrate a step toward constructing nearly solid-state biomolecular materials that retain fluid interfaces for driving molecular assembly. This work also introduces the use of three-dimensional printing to rapidly prototype a molding template used to fabricate polyurethane substrates and to shape individual hydrogels.
A Thermodynamical Approach To The Diffusion Of Terbutaline Sulphate From The Transdermal Films (1999)

The transdermal films of terbutaline sulphate were formulated using the hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose for achieving controlled release of the drug for the treatment of asthma. The films were subjected to in vitro diffusion studies using a static diffusion cell of Keshary-Chein type at two different temperatures such as 37Â° and 40Â° to observe the effect of the temperature on the diffusion of the drug and to calculate the molar enthalpy of diffusion. The drug release increased with increasing temperature. It appears that the process being endothermic, it can be spontaneous only if it proceeds towards maximum randomness. Therefore, the entropy change associated with changes in the state and free energy were determined.
Apatite Coating on Organic Polymers by a Biomimetic Process (1994)

Dense and uniform layers of a biologically active carbonate‐containing hydroxyapatite can be formed on various kinds of organic polymers by the following biomimetic method. First, a substrate is set in contact with particles of CaO–SiO 2 ‐based glass soaked in a simulated body fluid (SBF) with ion concentrations nearly equal to those of human blood plasma for forming the apatite nuclei on the substrate. Second, the substrate is soaked in another solution highly supersaturated with respect to the apatite, e.g, with ion concentrations 1.5 times those of SBF (1.5SBF) for making the apatite nuclei grow on the substrate in situ. The induction period for the apatite nucleation, which is defined as the time of the first treatment required for forming enough of the apatite nuclei to make the continuous layer after the second treatment, was almost 24 h for most of the examined polymers. The adhesive strength of the formed apatite layer to the polymers was as high as 3 to 4 M Pa for poly(ethylene terephthalate), poly‐ether sulfone, and poly (vinyl alcohol) hydrogel. This type of apatite–organic polymer composite is expected to be useful for repairing not only living hard tissues but also soft ones.
Kainate receptors and rhythmic activity in neuronal networks: hippocampal gamma oscillations as a tool (2004)

Rhythmic electrical activity is ubiquitous in neuronal networks of the brain and is implicated in a multitude of different processes. A prominent example in the healthy brain is electrical oscillations in the gamma-frequency band (20-80 Hz) in hippocampal and neocortical networks, which play an important role in learning, memory and cognition. An example in the pathological brain is electrographic seizures observed in certain types of epilepsy. Interestingly the activation of kainate receptors (KARs) plays an important role in synaptic physiology and plasticity, and can generate both gamma oscillations and electrographic seizures. Electrophysiological recordings of extracellular gamma oscillations and intracellular currents in a hippocampal slice combined with computer modelling can shed light on the expression loci of KAR subunits on single neurones and the distinct roles subunits play in rhythmic activity in the healthy and the pathological brain. Using this approach in wild-type (WT) and KAR knockout mice it has been shown that KAR subunits GluR5 and GluR6 have similar functions during gamma oscillations and epileptiform bursts and that small changes in the overall activity in the hippocampal area CA3 can tilt the balance between excitation and inhibition and cause the neuronal network to switch from gamma oscillations to epileptiform bursts.
Successful Modification of a pp65 Antigenemia-Based Early Treatment Strategy for Prevention of Cytomegalovirus Disease in Allogeneic Marrow Transplant Recipients (1999)

To the Editor:

We have previously reported that an intermittent pp65 antigenemia-guided early treatment strategy based on quantitative antigenemia was less effective in preventing cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease before day 100 than ganciclovir administered from engraftment until day 100 (ie, 14.1% v
High Molecular Weight Polymers of Ethylene Oxide Polymerization with Alkaline Earth Carbonate Catalysts (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHigh Molecular Weight Polymers of Ethylene Oxide Polymerization with Alkaline Earth Carbonate CatalystsF. N. Hill, F. E. Bailey, and J. T. FitzpatrickCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1958, 50, 1, 5–7Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50577a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50577a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views395Altmetric-Citations54LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Pharmacological properties of a new anti-inflammatory agent: 2-(2-isopropyl-5-indanyl)propionic acid (UP 517-03). (1980)

2-(2-Isopropyl-5-indanyl)propionic acid (UP 517-03) is a new anti-inflammatory agent with marked analgesic and antipyretic properties. The anti-inflammatory potency is greater than that of phenylbutazone but lower than that of indometacin. This effect is observed also in adrenalectomized rats. The analgesic activity in the Randall and Selitto test is equipotent to that of indometacin, but this potency is lower in the other tests. In lowering brewer's yeast-induced fever in rats, UP 517-03 is as potent as indometacin and 10 times more effective than phenylbutazone. Considering from pharmacological index, UP 517-03 is tolerated as well as phenylbutazone and better than indometacin.
Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Bendamustine Rapid‐Infusion Formulation (2017)

Bendamustine hydrochloride (BDM) is approved in the United States to treat chronic lymphocytic leukemia and relapsed indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The first formulation marketed in the United States (original BDM) was a lyophilized product requiring reconstitution prior to dilution to the final admixture. A liquid formulation of BDM was subsequently introduced that did not require reconstitution before dilution. Both formulations are administered as a 500 mL admixture with a recommended infusion time of 30 or 60 minutes for chronic lymphocytic leukemia and indolent B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, respectively. A newer liquid BDM formulation (rapid BDM) is a ready-to-dilute solution not requiring reconstitution that dilutes into an admixture of only 50 mL and can be safely administered in a shorter infusion time (10 minutes). Rapid BDM admixture also has longer stability at room temperature than both lyophilized and liquid BDM formulations (6 vs 2 to 3 hours). This phase 1, open-label, randomized, crossover (3-period, partially replicated) study, conducted in "end-of-life" cancer patients at 10 oncology centers in the United States, demonstrates that rapid BDM is bioequivalent to original BDM as determined by area under the curve. Expected differences in maximum plasma concentration and time to maximum plasma concentration were observed between study treatments, given the substantially shorter infusion time of rapid BDM. No clinically relevant differences in other evaluated pharmacokinetic parameters were found. Rapid BDM infusions were safe and tolerable for cancer patients in this study. The overall safety profiles of the 2 BDM formulations were comparable, with no new safety signals identified and no differences in infusion-related adverse events.
Publication of Abstracts Submitted to the Annual Meeting of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America (2000)

A computerized MEDLINE search was performed to determine the publication pattern of the abstracts submitted for podium presentation at the 1991-1994 annual meetings of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America (POSNA). The publication percentage for all papers submitted to the POSNA meetings from 1991 through 1994 was 45%. Fifty-three percent of papers accepted for podium presentation were ultimately published in comparison with 38% of those not accepted for presentation (p < 0.001). The mean time to publication was 29 months and did not differ significantly for the two groups. The majority of papers (65%) were published in either Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics (48%) or The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (American) (17%). The frequency of ultimate publication of abstracts submitted to the annual POSNA meetings compares favorably with the rates for other medical subspecialties.