gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SpyRing interrogation: analyzing how enzyme resilience can be achieved with phytase and distinct cyclization chemistries (2016)

Enzymes catalyze reactions with exceptional selectivity and rate acceleration but are often limited by instability. Towards a generic route to thermo-resilience, we established the SpyRing approach, cyclizing enzymes by sandwiching between SpyTag and SpyCatcher (peptide and protein partners which lock together via a spontaneous isopeptide bond). Here we first investigated the basis for this resilience, comparing alternative reactive peptide/protein pairs we engineered from Gram-positive bacteria. Both SnoopRing and PilinRing cyclization gave dramatic enzyme resilience, but SpyRing cyclization was the best. Differential scanning calorimetry for each ring showed that cyclization did not inhibit unfolding of the inserted β-lactamase. Cyclization conferred resilience even at 100 °C, where the cyclizing domains themselves were unfolded. Phytases hydrolyze phytic acid and improve dietary absorption of phosphate and essential metal ions, important for agriculture and with potential against human malnutrition. SpyRing phytase (PhyC) resisted aggregation and retained catalytic activity even following heating at 100 °C. In addition, SpyRing cyclization made it possible to purify phytase simply by heating the cell lysate, to drive aggregation of non-cyclized proteins. Cyclization via domains forming spontaneous isopeptide bonds is a general strategy to generate resilient enzymes and may extend the range of conditions for isolation and application of enzymes.
G protein‐coupled oestrogen receptor 1 (GPER1)/GPR30: a new player in cardiovascular and metabolic oestrogenic signalling (2011)

Oestrogens are important sex hormones central to health and disease in both genders that have protective effects on the cardiovascular and metabolic systems. These hormones act in complex ways via both genomic and non-genomic mechanisms. The genomic mechanisms are relatively well characterized, whereas the non-genomic ones are only beginning to be explored. Two oestrogen receptors (ER), ERα and ERβ, have been described that act as nuclear transcription factors but can also associate with the plasma membrane and influence cytosolic signalling. ERα has been shown to mediate both anti-atherogenic effects and pro-survival effects in pancreatic β-cells. In recent years, a third membrane-bound ER has emerged, G protein-coupled receptor 30 or G protein-coupled oestrogen receptor 1 (GPER1), which mediates oestrogenic responses in cardiovascular and metabolic regulation. Both GPER1 knock-out models and pharmacological agents are now available to study GPER1 function. These tools have revealed that GPER1 activation may have several beneficial effects in the cardiovascular system including vasorelaxation, inhibition of smooth muscle cell proliferation, and protection of the myocardium against ischaemia/reperfusion injury, and in the metabolic system including stimulation of insulin release and protection against pancreatic β-cell apoptosis. Thus, GPER1 is emerging as a candidate therapeutic target in both cardiovascular and metabolic disease.
Single-wafer cluster tool performance: an analysis of throughput (1994)

Cluster tools gained greater acceptance over the past several years, although concerns still exist over the throughput these tools can achieve. This paper presents an analysis of the relationship between process times, transport times, and maximum throughput in an individual cluster tool. Theoretical models which quantify the time required to process both an individual wafer and a lot in a cluster tool are developed. Three techniques for increasing throughput, based on these models, are also presented. These modifications require minimal modification of many existing designs and can yield significant increases in performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Micropropagation of Oleander (Nerium oleander L.) (2010)

Successful propagation of Nerium oleander L. (oleander) was achieved by in vitro methods. Shoot cultures were initiated from seedlings of wild-growing plants and from shoot apices of adult plants belonging to the commercial cultivars Splendens Giganteum, Revanche, and Alsace. Axillary shoot breaking from shoot tips excised from these cultures required the presence of either 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) or thidiazuron (TDZ). The higher number of axillary shoots from juvenile material was obtained by culturing shoot tips from BA-pretreated material derived from seedlings on a modified Schenk and Hildebrandt medium (SHM) supplemented with BA or TDZ (average of 3.9 shoots per explant with a mean length of 10.4 mm) and when the media were supplemented with 8.8 μM TDZ (average of 3.5 shoots per explant with a mean length of 7.3 mm) or 4.4 μM BA (average of 3.3 shoots per explant with a mean length of 12.3 mm). Among cultivars, cv. Revanche showed best shoot proliferation rates, especially when explants were cultured on Woody Plant Medium (average of 3.2 shoots per explant with a mean length of 10.2 mm). Adventitious bud differentiation from oleander leaves is also reported. Leaves excised from seedling-derived shoot cultures responded better than those from adult plant-derived shoot cultures (40% versus 5%, respectively). Bud differentiation required the presence of TDZ in the SHM medium, although shoot development was only achieved on transference of explants to media without TDZ but supplemented with BA and indoleacetic acid (IAA) or BA, kinetin, and IAA. Axillary and adventitious shoots were easily rooted (99%) and successfully (95% to 100%) transferred to soil.
Identification of Structural Features from Mass Spectrometry Using a Neural Network Approach:  Application to Trimethylsilyl Derivatives Used for Medical Diagnosis (1996)

An artificial neural network (ANN) has been trained to recognize the presence or absence of specific structural features (SF) in trimethylsilyl derivatives of organic acids from their mass spectra. The input vector is constructed without knowledge of the molecular ion, which is generally not observed in the spectra of these compounds. The results are used in conjunction with a classical search in a spectral library to identify organic acids in biological fluids for rapid acidemias diagnosis.
Effect of dosage and route of inoculation upon antigenicity of inactivated influenza virus vaccine (Hong Kong strain) in man. (1969)

Earlier studies on the antibody response to inactivated influenza vaccines injected by different routes have given contradictory results, some suggesting that 0.1 ml intradermally is superior to 1.0 ml subcutaneously, others suggesting the opposite. With the advent of the 1968-69 Hong Kong influenza epidemic it seemed worth while to re-evaluate whether a smaller intradermal dose would elicit antibody responses comparable to those following a larger subcutaneous dose.A study was performed evaluating 3 doses: 0.1 ml (65 CCA), 0.25 ml (160 CCA), and 0.5 ml (320 CCA) of zonal-purified vaccine. The 0.1-ml dose was administered by both routes, and the other doses subcutaneously only. The effect of "booster" inoculation by the same route 2 and 4 weeks later was also studied. Sera were examined for haemagglutination-inhibiting antibody, and antibody response was determined by the percentage showing 4-fold or greater titre rises and by increase in geometric mean titre.The antibody response to the first inoculation was highest in the 0.1-ml intradermal groups and the lowest in the 0.1-ml subcutaneous groups. All groups receiving a second inoculation 2 weeks after the first experienced an increase in antibody response; responses to the second inoculation given 4 weeks after the first were variable. Considering the over-all effect of all combinations of doses and routes, the intradermal groups appeared to achieve the best antibody response and the 0.1-ml subcutaneous groups the least.There appeared to be an inverse relationship between antibody response and pre-immunization antibody titre.The data show that, with vaccine of similar CCA content, 0.1 ml intradermally would be a reasonable alternative to, and perhaps better than, the usual 0.5-ml subcutaneous dose. The limitations of this approach are discussed.
Performance evaluation of STTCs for virtual antenna arrays (2004)

The work analyses the link level performance of a VAA system with deployed space-time trellis codes (STTCs). STTCs offer a high coding and diversity gain with an increasing number of transitional states and transmit and receive antennas. It is shown that STTCs can be deployed with VAA and that they yield promising link performance gains as to justify the increased complexity required for relaying. Due to the spatially separated relaying mobile terminals, no correlation appears among the members of a VAA, which explains the superior performance. Simulations could show that the double noise and concatenated wireless channels do not degrade the performance of STTCs significantly. The STTC coefficient design criteria, communication scenario and the channel conditions. Since the deployment of VAA emulates a MIMO channel with a high number of receive antenna, the trace criterion is the optimum criterion to construct slow fading codes. It is further shown that the determinant code design criterion does not depend on the statistics of the fading channel.
Transcriptome profiling and validation of gene based single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in sorghum genotypes with contrasting responses to cold stress (2015)

A new strategy which involved an integrated analysis of differential gene expression and identification of bi-allelic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was conducted to determine and analyze differentially expressed genes and variation involved in cold stress response of sorghum. The results gathered provide an insight into the complex mechanisms associated with cold response in sorghum, which involve an array of transcription factors and genes which were previously related to abiotic stress response. This study also offers resource for gene based SNP that can be applied towards targeted genomic studies of cold tolerance in sorghum and other cereal crops.
SILICON MULTIMODE PHOTONIC INTEGRATED DEVICES FOR ON-CHIP MODE-DIVISION-MULTIPLEXED OPTICAL INTERCONNECTS (2013)

Multimode spatial-division multiplexing (SDM) technology has attracted much attention for its potential to enhance the capacity of an optical-interconnect link with a single wavelength carrier. For a mode-multiplexed optical-interconnect link, the functional elements are quite different from the conventional ones as multiple modes are involved. In this paper we give a review and discussion on multimode photonic integrated devices for mode-multiplexed opticalinterconnects. Light propagation and mode conversion in tapered waveguides as well as bent waveguides are discussed first. Recent progress on mode converter-(de)multiplexers is then reviewed. The demands of some functional devices used for mode-multiplexed opticalinterconnects are also discussed. In particular, the fabrication tolerance is analyzed in detail for our hybrid demultiplexer, which enables mode-/polarization-division-(de)multiplexing simultaneously.
Inhibition of fibroblast growth factor/fibroblast growth factor receptor activity in glioma cells impedes tumor growth by both angiogenesis-dependent and -independent mechanisms. (2001)

We undertook a series of systematic studies to address the role of fibroblast growth factor/fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGF/FGFR) activity in tumor growth and angiogenesis. We expressed dominant-negative FGFR2 (FGFR2-DN) or FGFR1 (FGFR1-DN) in glioma C6 cells by using constitutive or tetracycline-regulated expression systems. Anchorage-dependent or independent growth was inhibited in FGFR-DN-expressing cells. Tumor development after xenografting FGFR-DN-expressing cells in immunodeficient mice or after transplantation in rat brain was strongly inhibited. Quantification of microvessels demonstrated a significant decrease in vessel density in tumors derived from FGFR-DN-expressing cells. Furthermore, in a rabbit corneal assay, the angiogenic response after implantation of FGFR-DN-expressing cells was decreased. In tumors expressing FGFR-DN, vascular endothelial growth factor expression was strongly inhibited as compared with control tumor. These results indicate that inhibition of FGF activity may constitute a dominant therapeutic strategy in the treatment of FGF-producing cerebral malignancies and may disrupt both angiogenesis-dependent and -independent signals required for glioma growth and invasion.
Co-existence of clpB and clpC in the Bacillaceae (1999)

The gene encoding ClpC in Bacillus anthracis was amplified from the chromosome by polymerase chain reaction using degenerate oligonucleotide primers. These primers also amplified a second DNA fragment identified as a clpB homolog. Both genes were suggested to be functional. Contrary to Bacillus subtilis which possesses clpC but not clpB, many Bacillus species were found to harbor both clpC and clpB. We also found that Clostridium strains could possess clpB, clpC, or both. All the Gram-negative strains tested had clpB only.
노인의 건강행위 평가 연구 (1999)

노인의 건강행위는 다양하고 독특하며 또한 문화적 양상에 따라 다르게 나타나고 있음을 고려해 볼 때 본 연구는 한국 노인의 고유한 건강행위의 양상을 기본으로 개발된 도구를 사용하여 한국 노인의 건강행위 정도를 확인하기 위해 시도된 서술적 조사연구이다. 연구대상은 60세 이상의 도시 노인 241명, 농촌에 거주하는 노인 100명으로 총 341명으로 하였으며 연구도구는 최등(1997)이 개발한 한국 노인의 건강행위 사정도구로서 개발 당시 Cronbach`s Alpha는 .9127이고 본 연구에서의 Cronbach`s Alpha는 .9126으로 내적 일관성이 높은 도구로 나타났다. 자료분석은 SAS를 이용하여 대상자의 일반적인 특성과 t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation으로 산출하였다. 대상자의 일반적인 특성을 보면 여자노인이 63.3%로 남자노인보다 많은 분포를 나타냈으며 연령별로는 60대가 가장 많았고 결혼상태는 기혼이 51.3%로 가장 많았고 노인의 대부분이 종교를 가지고 있었으며 생활 수준은 중간정도로 인식하고 있었고 가족형태는 소가족 형태가 가장 많은 분포를 보이고 있었다. 또한 자가 평가한 건강상태는 대부분이 보통이상으로 지각하고 있었다. 노인의 건강행위 정도를 보면 점수범위가 33-132점에서 평균 96.90으로 건강행위 정도가 높은 것으로 나타났고 문항별로 볼 때도 보통이상(25점 이상)으로 이행하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 대상자의 일반적 특성에 따른 건강행위 정도를 보면 거주지, 종교, 과거의 직업, 가족형태, 자가 건강상태 평가에 따라 유의한 차이를 보이고 있었다. 본 연구도구의 요인간 상관관계는 비교적 낮은 것으로 나타나(r=.238-.519)요인끼리 독립되어 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 연구결과를 근거로 하여볼 때 노인의 건강을 위해서는 실제적인 건강 프로그램을 계획하고 참여를 촉진하는 방안을 마련해야할 것이며 노인의 삶을 긍정적이고 통합적인 차원에서 발전지향적인 방향으로 보아야 한다고 생각한다.
Molecular pathogenesis of liver disease: an approach to hepatic inflammation, cirrhosis and liver transplant tolerance (2000)

The hallmarks of chronic liver diseases are chronic inflammation, cellular damage, regeneration and fibrosis. An appreciation of intrahepatic molecular expression patterns in normal and diseased liver provides clues for understanding pathogenic pathways whilst studies of the structure and function of molecules implicated in liver disease provide insights into their potential as therapeutic targets. We have examined the expression, function, molecular structure and structure-function relationships of type IV dipeptidyl aminopeptidases. In particular, the roles of CD26/DPPIV in T-cell proliferation and chemotaxis and of fibroblast activation protein in human cirrhosis are discussed. We have investigated the pathogenesis of liver disease by characterising patterns of cytokine and growth factor expression in experimental and human cirrhosis. We have quite recently expanded this approach to use differential gene expression analyses to elucidate overall pathways of gene activation and suppression in human cirrhosis. In addition, our detailed molecular and cellular studies of the mechanisms of spontaneous liver transplant tolerance have generated novel insights into this process. This review touches on these diverse aspects of liver function and disease.
The Heat Shock Protein Profile in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease (2010)

The altered HSP and anti-HSP concentrations may imply that the response to stress conditions in the course of CKD is disturbed in children; APD does not aggravate that dysfunction in a significant way. Relationships between HSPs, lipid profile, and markers of inflammation suggest a possible role of the selected HSPs as markers of atherosclerosis in children with CKD.
Cryptology for digital TV broadcasting (1995)

Digital TV broadcasting needs new cryptological tools for conditional access, copyright protection and image authentication. The aim of this paper is to overview the corresponding systems' features. The description of a conditional access system is given. It is shown that equitable systems need the use of a trusted third party. The design of efficient copyright protection by watermarking images and image authentication by signatures are also briefly discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Zone gas chromatography (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTZone gas chromatographyEndre. FuggerthCite this: Anal. Chem. 1989, 61, 14, 1478–1485Publication Date (Print):July 15, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 July 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00189a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00189a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views41Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Reexamining cancer metabolism: lactate production for carcinogenesis could be the purpose and explanation of the Warburg Effect (2016)

Herein, we use lessons learned in exercise physiology and metabolism to propose that augmented lactate production ('lactagenesis'), initiated by gene mutations, is the reason and purpose of the Warburg Effect and that dysregulated lactate metabolism and signaling are the key elements in carcinogenesis. Lactate-producing ('lactagenic') cancer cells are characterized by increased aerobic glycolysis and excessive lactate formation, a phenomenon described by Otto Warburg 93 years ago, which still remains unexplained. After a hiatus of several decades, interest in lactate as a player in cancer has been renewed. In normal physiology, lactate, the obligatory product of glycolysis, is an important metabolic fuel energy source, the most important gluconeogenic precursor, and a signaling molecule (i.e. a 'lactormone') with major regulatory properties. In lactagenic cancers, oncogenes and tumor suppressor mutations behave in a highly orchestrated manner, apparently with the purpose of increasing glucose utilization for lactagenesis purposes and lactate exchange between, within and among cells. Five main steps are identified (i) increased glucose uptake, (ii) increased glycolytic enzyme expression and activity, (iii) decreased mitochondrial function, (iv) increased lactate production, accumulation and release and (v) upregulation of monocarboxylate transporters MTC1 and MCT4 for lactate exchange. Lactate is probably the only metabolic compound involved and necessary in all main sequela for carcinogenesis, specifically: angiogenesis, immune escape, cell migration, metastasis and self-sufficient metabolism. We hypothesize that lactagenesis for carcinogenesis is the explanation and purpose of the Warburg Effect. Accordingly, therapies to limit lactate exchange and signaling within and among cancer cells should be priorities for discovery.
Binding of BAL 31 RNA polymerase to PM2 DNA as determined by electron microscopy and protection against restriction endonuclease cleavage (1988)

Specific binding sites of BAL 31 RNA polymerase on PM2 DNA have been mapped by protection against HincII and HindIII cleavage and by observation of enzyme-DNA complexes by electron microscopy. Nine specific binding sites were observed at map units 0.19, 0.20, 0.28, 0.54, 0.63, 0.65, 0.71, 0.72, and 0.75 by the first method. All these sites were confirmed by electron microscopy which, in addition, revealed another site at 0.05 map unit. Published nucleotide sequences of the region surrounding sites at 0.71 and 0.75 map units show the presence of consensus sequences for procaryotic promoters.
Hydrogel Matrix to Support Stem Cell Survival After Brain Transplantation in Stroke (2010)

Stroke is a leading cause of adult disability. Stem/progenitor cell transplantation improves recovery after stroke in rodent models. These studies have 2 main limitations to clinical translation. First, most of the cells in stem/progenitor transplants die after brain transplantation. Second, intraparenchymal approaches target transplants to normal brain adjacent to the stroke, which is the site of the most extensive natural recovery in humans. Transplantation may damage this tissue. The stroke cavity provides an ideal target for transplantation because it is a compartmentalized region of necrosis, can accept a high volume transplant without tissue damage, and lies directly adjacent to the most plastic brain area in stroke. However, direct transplantation into the stroke cavity has caused massive death in the transplant. To overcome these limitations, the authors tested stem/progenitor transplants within a specific biopolymer hydrogel matrix to create a favorable environment for transplantation into the infarct cavity after stroke, and they tested this in comparison to stem cell injection without hydrogel support. A biopolymer hydrogel composed of cross-linked hyaluronan and heparin sulfate significantly promoted the survival of 2 different neural progenitor cell lines in vitro in conditions of stress and in vivo into the infarct cavity. Quantitative analysis of the transplant and surrounding tissue indicates diminished inflammatory infiltration of the graft with the hydrogel transplant. This result indicates that altering the local environment in stem cell transplantation enhances survival and diminishes cell stress. Stem cell transplantation into the infarct cavity within a pro-survival hydrogel matrix may provide a translational therapy for stroke recovery.