gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hydrous Ir Oxide Film Properties at Sol-Gel Derived Ir Nanoparticles (2000)

Ir oxide (IrOx) films, formed on Au substrates using the sol‐gel (SG) technique, have been characterized electrochemically in sulfuric acid solution. The highest film charge densities can be reached by using higher withdrawal rates of the substrate electrode from the Ir‐containing sol solution, as well as by applying multiple successive coats. Allowing films to dry at ca. 100°C also yields higher charge densities. The kinetics of the Ir(III)/(IV) redox process are excellent, significantly higher, on a mole or mass IrOx basis, than for IrOx films formed by potential cycling/pulsing of standard bulk Ir electrodes in acidic solutions. The SG‐derived films are electrochromic, highly capacitive, appear to be particularly catalytic toward the oxygen evolution reaction, and have excellent adhesive properties at Au. It appears that small area planar substrates are preferred over curved (e.g., wire) electrodes in terms of SG‐formed IrOx film uniformity and the maximum achievable charge density. The measurement of the mass of fresh SG‐formed Ir films and the maximum IrOx charge density which can be obtained indicates that one out of every 2 to 3 Ir atoms are used in IrOx formation. © 2000 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Interactions among Heparin, Cold-Insoluble Globulin, and Fibrinogen in Formation of the Heparin-Precipitable Fraction of Plasma (1977)

A B
A simplified system for generating recombinant adenoviruses (1998)

Recombinant adenoviruses provide a versatile system for gene expression studies and therapeutic applications. We report herein a strategy that simplifies the generation and production of such viruses. A recombinant adenoviral plasmid is generated with a minimum of enzymatic manipulations, using homologous recombination in bacteria rather than in eukaryotic cells. After transfections of such plasmids into a mammalian packaging cell line, viral production is conveniently followed with the aid of green fluorescent protein, encoded by a gene incorporated into the viral backbone. Homogeneous viruses can be obtained from this procedure without plaque purification. This system should expedite the process of generating and testing recombinant adenoviruses for a variety of purposes.
Dexmedetomidine-Induced Sedation Does Not Mimic the Neurobehavioral Phenotypes of Sleep in Sprague Dawley Rat (2014)

Dexmedetomidine significantly altered normal sleep phenotypes, and the dexmedetomidine-induced state did not compensate for sleep need. Thus, in the Sprague Dawley rat, dexmedetomidine-induced sedation is characterized by behavioral, electrographic, and immunohistochemical phenotypes that are distinctly different from similar measures obtained during sleep.
Synthesis of Fluorinated Brassinosteroids Based on Alkene Cross-Metathesis and Preliminary Biological Assessment (2009)

Three types of brassinosteroid analogues with perfluoroalkylated side chains were synthesized by using alkene cross-metathesis of a brassinosteroid derivative bearing a terminal alkene moiety with different (perfluoroalkyl)propenes. The presence of the double bonds in the cross-metathesis products allowed a facile one-step double dihydroxylation to provide intermediates that after Baeyer-Villiger oxidation afforded the target compounds. Biological activity of the prepared analogues was tested in GABA(A) receptor, cytotoxic, and brassinolide activity, which reached in some cases the same range as their nonfluorinated analogues.
Sliding window recursive quadratic optimization with variable regularization (2011)

In this paper, we present a sliding-window variable-regularization recursive least squares algorithm. In contrast to standard recursive least squares, the algorithm presented in this paper operates on a finite window of data, where old data are discarded as new data become available. This property can be beneficial for estimating time-varying parameters. Furthermore, standard recursive least squares uses time-invariant regularization. More specifically, the inverse of the initial covariance matrix in standard recursive least squares can be viewed as a regularization term, which weights the difference between the next estimate and the initial estimate. This regularization is fixed for all steps of the recursion. The algorithm derived in this paper allows for time-varying regularization. In particular, the present paper allows for time varying regularization in the weighting as well as what is being weighted. Specifically, the regularization term can weight the difference between the next estimate and a time-varying vector of parameters rather than the initial estimate.
MPLS and traffic engineering in IP networks (1999)

Rapid growth and increasing requirements for service quality, reliability, and efficiency have made traffic engineering an essential consideration in the design and operation of large public Internet backbone networks. Internet traffic engineering addresses the issue of performance optimization of operational networks. A paramount objective of Internet traffic engineering is to facilitate the transport of IP traffic through a given network in the most efficient, reliable, and expeditious manner possible. Historically, traffic engineering in the Internet has been hampered by the limited functional capabilities of conventional IP technologies. Recent developments in multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) and differentiated services have opened up new possibilities to address some of the limitations of the conventional technologies. This article discusses the applications of MPLS to traffic engineering in IP networks.
363. The chemotherapy of schistosomiasis. Part IV. Some ethers of 4-amino-2-methoxyphenol (1961)

R. F. Collins and M. Davis, J. Chem. Soc., 1961, 1863 DOI: 10.1039/JR9610001863
Characteristic optical properties of transparent color conversion film prepared from YAG:Ce3+ nanoparticles (2007)

The authors produced the transparent color conversion thick film which is composed of a high concentration of YAG:Ce3+ nanoparticles prepared by glycothermal method, and characterized its optical properties. The transmittance of the 200μm thick film with the nanoparticle content 70.7wt% was 82% at 525nm corresponding to the emission peak of YAG:Ce3+. The intensity of photoluminescence due to the 5d→4f transition of Ce3+ in YAG:Ce3+ nanoparticles was doubled by placing a reflection mirror at the back of the transparent film. Judging from this result, the transparent film of YAG:Ce3+ nanoparticles has markedly low scattering loss.
Highly efficient optical detection of surface-generated fluorescence (1999)

We describe a new optical system for the detection of laser- induced fluorescence of surface bound molecules. The system consists of two optical elements: a paraboloid glass segment, and a spherical long focal lens. The function of the paraboloid glass segment is twofold: First, due to jump in refractive index at the water-glass interface, surface bound molecules emit the major part of their fluorescence into the paraboloid. Second, the parabolic shape of the segment services as a collecting mirror. We demonstrate that with this simple system an extremely high light collection efficiency can be achieved, without using sophisticated and expensive objectives with high numerical aperture. Ray- tracing calculations show that the system is able of confocal imaging, which is very important for efficient suppression of scattered excitation light. Experimental result showing the exquisite performance and sensitivity are presented.
Studies on Compounds related to Pyrazine. III. Synthesis of 2-Substituted Thiazolo [b] quinoxaline. (1961)

2-Amino-3-mercaptoquinoxaline was prepared by the reaction of 2-amino-3-chloroquinoxaline with thiourea or potassium hydrogensulfide, 2-amino-3-hydroxyquinoxaline with phosphorus pentasulfide, or 2, 3-dimercaptoquinoxaline with ammonia. 2-Substituted thiazolo [b] quinoxaline was prepared by boiling 2-amino-3-mercaptoquinoxaline with excess of acid anhydride or by heating with excess of acid chloride in pyridine.
Characterisation of porous solids using a synergistic combination of nitrogen sorption, mercury porosimetry, electron microscopy and micro-focus X-ray imaging techniques (2002)

Imaging methods, such as micro-focus X-ray (MFX) imaging and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), have greatly improved our ability to characterise the highly complex internal structures of porous media. MFX imaging and MRI are now both able to provide maps of the spatial distribution of local average accessible porosity for mesoporous media over macroscopic length scales (>∼10 μm). A methodology for obtaining this type of information by MFX imaging is described here. For relatively chemically homogeneous materials, conventional 1H MRI is also able to provide a map of the spatial distribution of local average pore size. However, there are limitations on the type of materials that may be studied using 1H MRI and the range of information that may be obtained by utilising only one technique alone. For mesoporous materials, MFX imaging alone cannot currently map the spatial distribution of pore size. However, in this work it has been shown that the already extensive capabilities of MFX imaging may be even further enhanced by a combination of it with the more traditional techniques of mercury porosimetry and nitrogen sorption. The methodology described here has enabled the determination of the spatial distributions of both the local average (over length scales ∼10 μm) porosity and pore size distribution for mesoporous and macroporous materials over macroscopic length scales. The methodology is also suitable for quantitative application to interesting chemically heterogeneous materials, such as mixed oxide absorbents or coked catalysts, not amenable to conventional 1H MRI.
Enhanced decision feedback equalization (1990)

The author describes a detection technique, enhanced decision feedback equalization (EDFE), which is well matched to the magnetic recording channel. EDFE involves a combination of both decision feedback equalization (DFE) and look-ahead detection. The implementation of EDFE is similar to that of DFE. The sampled transition response factors into (1+D/4)/(1-D/2), suggesting that the required response can be formed by some pulse slimming and slight phase adjustment, 1+D/4, followed by a single-pole RC characteristic at some 11% of the clock rate which will produce the exponential tail, 1/(1-D/2). Evaluation of the asymptotic SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) shows that EDFE is better than or comparable to several other detectors on a Lorenzian channel. The look-ahead feature which distinguishes EDFE from conventional DFE is responsible for a performance improvement approaching 1 dB. At very high density and at very low density, the performance of EDFE is less attractive. The performance of EDFE at PW50=2.5T is comparable to that of EPRML (extended class IV partial response maximum-likelihood detection), and EDFE is much easier to implement.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The Fractionation of S-Carboxymethyl Kerateine 2 from Wool (1957)

The solubility relations of the S·carboxymethy1 derivative of kerateine 2 (a soluble protein extracted from reduced wool) are studied in systems containing salts in high concentration, mixtures of ethanol and water, and low concentrations of certain divalent cations.
DNA distortion and nucleation of local DNA unwinding within sigma-54 (sigma N) holoenzyme closed promoter complexes (1994)

The sigma N (sigma 54) RNA polymerase holoenzyme has the distinctive property of binding to promoters to form a closed promoter complex, which only isomerizes to the open complex when acted upon by an enhancer binding activator protein. We probed promoter complexes that form between sigma N and its holoenzyme with the conformationally sensitive footprinting reagents ortho-copper phenanthroline, potassium permanganate, and diethylpyrocarbonate. Results from these experiments indicate that the contacts sigma N makes at the -12 promoter element are necessary to promote a local DNA distortion immediately adjacent to this promoter element when the holoenzyme but not sigma N alone binds promoter DNA. Complexes in which this local distortion is not detected are not activatable, and the altered DNA conformation is diminished in the activated complex. We propose that a barrier to open complex formation in the sigma N holoenzyme closed complex is at some step or steps after the initial nucleation of DNA strand separation, which is detected as an altered DNA conformation stably maintained within the closed complex. Thus the activator protein may promote a conformational change in the sigma N holoenzyme to allow propagation of the altered DNA conformation, probably local unwinding, which we propose is necessary for formation of the melted DNA state, characteristic of the open promoter complex.
Hyperthermia system combined with a magnetic resonance imaging unit (1990)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has recently been proposed as a method to monitor, noninvasively, temperature, blood flow, and cell metabolism during oncologic hyperthermia (HT). To heat and "image" simultaneously, it is necessary to combine a HT device and a MRI unit. As a demonstrative example of the problems associated with implementing such a system, a mini-annular phased array hyperthermia applicator was combined with a 0.5-T whole body MRI unit. With the aid of filters, baluns, and switches, the HT applicator and the MRI unit were made compatible. The overall system was tested using a muscle-equivalent, cylindrically shaped polyacrylamide gel phantom. No interference between the HT device and the MRI unit was observed. Noninvasive temperature images, with a resolution better than 1 degree C/cm, were obtained from images of molecular diffusion recorded before and during heating.
Food intake response to modulation of secretion of cholecystokinin in Zucker rats (1983)

Exogenous administration of cholecystokinin (CCK) decreases food intake and elicits satiety behaviors. In the present experiments, feeding behaviors of Zucker obese and lean rats were measured in response to treatments that influence endogenous secretion of CCK from the duodenum. Secretion of CCK was increased by administration of phenylalanine, a stimulant of CCK release, and of trypsin inhibitor, which binds to trypsin, a negative-feedback signal for CCK release. Both of these treatments decreased the size of the first meal after a 6-h fast and average daily meal size and increased meal frequency. Administration of trypsin, proported to decrease secretion of CCK, increased average daily meal size and decreased meal frequency. Pancrease, a pancreatic enzyme concentrate, also hypothesized to act as a negative-feedback signal for CCK release, elicited feeding behaviors similar to those of trypsin. Thus the effects of these compounds on the feeding behavior of Zucker obese and lean rats may be related to their effects on CCK secretion. The feeding behaviors of obese rats were affected less than those of lean rats by exogenous administration of CCK, but in these experiments were affected more than in lean rats by modulation of endogenous release of CCK.
ATP induces the release of IL-1 from LPS-primed cells in vivo. (1995)

The secretion of IL-1 from murine macrophages in vitro is an inefficient process that is distinct from those of other cytokines such as IL-6. We have therefore studied this process in vivo to see if these differences are maintained. Intraperitoneal injection of LPS in mice induced production and release of IL-6 into the extracellular fluid (peritoneal lavage). Although induction of intracellular IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta was readily detected, these cytokines were not detected extracellularly. Injection of ATP 2 h after LPS led to the rapid extracellular release of IL-1 beta, IL-1 alpha, lactate dehydrogenase, and beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase. Western blot analysis revealed that a large proportion of the IL-1 beta was released as the 17-kDa form, whereas IL-1 alpha was unprocessed. Adenosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) was also effective in causing IL-1 release but not UTP or ADP. This suggests that the ATP-mediated release of IL-1 is a receptor-mediated phenomenon that is associated with cell lysis.
The Bakerian Lecture, 1984 Biosynthesis of the pigments of life (1985)

Many vitally important functions in living systems are carried out by metal ions held as complexes within organic ligands, the organic part of the molecule being a tetrapyrrolic macrocycle. Chlorophyll, haemoglobin, the cytochromes and vitamin B12 all fall into this family of 'pigments of life', a list that emphasizes their central importance in living systems. Research on the biosynthesis of these pigments has involved the synergistic combination of synthesis, structure determination, carbon nuclear magnetic resonance and isotopic labelling with radioactive and stable isotopes in conjunction with enzymology and kinetics. The lecture describes the logical series of experiments based on these approaches which have led to a step-by-step knowledge of the biosynthesis of the parent macrocycle (uroporphyrinogen-III) from which the other pigments are derived. One main pathway from the parent macrocycle involves oxidative transformations and leads eventually to protohaem required inter alia for haemoglobin and myoglobin. The second important pathway makes use of C-methylation to convert the parent macrocycle through many stages finally into vitamin B12. The biosynthetic studies on vitamin B12 are outlined with particular emphasis on the use of isotopic labelling with both radioactive and stable isotopes of carbon and hydrogen. Roughly two-thirds of the entire biosynthetic pathway to vitamin B12 has now been elucidated. The scarcity of several of the known intermediates on the pathway severely hampers future researches and progress towards the total synthesis of these key materials is reviewed. Finally, the lecture brings out the evolutionary interest of what has been discovered about the biosynthesis of the pigments of life.
Age-Related Decrease of Growth Hormone and Prolactin Gene Expression in the Mouse Pituitary* (1987)

The effects of aging on pituitary GH, PRL, and alpha-tubulin messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were measured in 3-, 12-, and 27-month-old male C57BL/6J mice by dot-blot hybridization. The amount of GH and PRL mRNA in the pituitary deceased dramatically with age. However, total poly(A+) RNA (mRNA), as measured by hybridization with radioactively labeled oligo-(dT), was not altered during aging. In addition, there were no age-related changes in the level of alpha-tubulin mRNA. Thus, the effects of aging on GH and PRL mRNA levels are specific; the levels of the majority of cellular mRNAs are not altered with age. GH and mRNA levels decreased 35% between 3 and 12 months (P less than 0.05) and a total of 75% after 27 months (P less than 0.01). PRL mRNA levels decreased 65% between 12 and 27 months (P less than 0.01), although there was no significant decrease before 12 months. Whereas T3 is the most potent regulator of GH gene expression, we did not detect any significant age-related change in serum T3 levels. These results suggest that factors other than T3 play a role in the age-related decline in GH and PRL gene expression.
A Mouse Model of Classical Late-Infantile Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis Based on Targeted Disruption of the CLN2 Gene Results in a Loss of Tripeptidyl-Peptidase I Activity and Progressive Neurodegeneration (2004)

Mutations in the CLN2 gene, which encodes a lysosomal serine protease, tripeptidyl-peptidase I (TPP I), result in an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease of children, classical late-infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (cLINCL). cLINCL is inevitably fatal, and there currently exists no cure or effective treatment. In this report, we provide the characterization of the first CLN2-targeted mouse model for cLINCL. CLN2-targeted mice were fertile and apparently healthy at birth despite an absence of detectable TPP I activity. At approximately 7 weeks of age, neurological deficiencies became evident with the onset of a tremor that became progressively more severe and was eventually accompanied by ataxia. Lifespan of the affected mice was greatly reduced (median survival, 138 d), and extensive neuronal pathology was observed including a prominent accumulation of cytoplasmic storage material within the lysosomal-endosomal compartment, a loss of cerebellar Purkinje cells, and widespread axonal degeneration. The CLN2-targeted mouse therefore recapitulates much of the pathology and clinical features of cLINCL and represents an animal model that should provide clues to the normal cellular function of TPP I and the pathogenic processes that underlie neuronal death in its absence. In addition, the CLN2-targeted mouse also represents a valuable model for the evaluation of different therapeutic strategies.
Adapter Protein for Site-Specific Conjugation of Payloads for Targeted Drug Delivery (2004)

High-affinity interactions of two fragments of human RNase I (1-15-aa Hu-tag and 21-125-aa HuS adapter protein) can be used for assembly of targeting drug delivery complexes. In this approach, a targeting protein is expressed as a fusion protein with a 15-aa Hu-tag, while HuS is conjugated to a drug (or a drug carrier) creating a "payload" module, which is then bound noncovalently to the Hu-tag of the targeting protein. Although this approach eliminates chemical modifications of targeting proteins, the payload modules are still constructed by random cross-linking of drugs or drug carriers to an adapter protein that might lead to functional heterogeneity of the complexes. To avoid this problem, we engineered an adapter protein HuS(N88C) with an unpaired cysteine in position 88 that can be directly modified without interference with activity of assembled targeting complexes. HuS(N88C) binds Hu-tagged annexin V with K(D) of 50 +/- 6 nM, which is comparable to that of wild-type HuS. To demonstrate the utility of HuS(N88C) for developing uniform payload modules, we constructed a HuS(N88C)-lipid conjugate and inserted it into preformed liposomes loaded with a fluorescent dye. Targeting proteins, Hu-tagged vascular endothelial growth factor or Hu-tagged annexin V, were docked to liposomes decorated with HuS, and the assembled complexes delivered liposomes selectively to target cells.
Human Fetal Cortical Tissue Fragments Survive Grafting following One Week Storage AT +4°C (1994)

Grafting of human fetal tissue fragments has been used successfully in experimental and clinical trials. The development of techniques to store human fetal tissue fragments for longer time periods would allow to establish temporary tissue banks. We dissected several human cortical tissue fragments from one fetus and tested different storage conditions (cooling, freezing, culturing). After storage, the tissue fragments were transplanted into cavities in the cortex of host rats and the volume of the surviving grafts calculated. We report that human cortical tissue fragments grafted immediately after dissection (control group) or grafted after storage for 3 h in cryopreservation medium at room temperature survived grafting and resulted in graft sizes of 102 +/- 26 mm3 and 242 +/- 210 mm3, respectively, however, statistically not different. When the human cortical tissue fragments were slowly frozen and stored for 1 wk and/or when the fragments were cultured for 1 week in culture medium using a roller tube technique, grafts did not survive under our conditions. However, when the human cortical tissue fragments were stored for 1 week at +4 degrees C in cryopreservation medium, the graft size (48 +/- 24 mm3) was reduced but statistically not different from the control group. We conclude that human cortical tissue fragments can be stored at +4 degrees C for at least 1 wk without major loss of ability to survive grafting.