gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of the RAPD Technique for Identification of<i>Fusarium oxysporum</i>f. sp.<i>dianthi</i>from Carnation (1994)

The random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method was used to distinguish among pathogenic and nonpathogenic isolates of Fusarium oxysporum recovered from carnation. Fifty-eight isolates, which were isolated in Israel from different cultivars of carnation, included 42 pathogenic isolates of race 2, one pathogenic isolate of race 4, and 15 nonpathogenic isolates. These isolates were examined for RAPD patterns with 30 arbitrary primers of 10 bases. The RAPD patterns generated by each of 22 primers enabled us to distinguish clearly between pathogenic and nonpathogenic isolates from carnation. The amplification patterns of race 2 isolates were identical for all the primers examined [...]
Combined analysis of studies of the effects of the matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor marimastat on serum tumor markers in advanced cancer: selection of a biologically active and tolerable dose for longer-term studies. (1998)

This combined analysis investigated the effect of marimastat, a specific inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases, on markers of tumor progression measured in patients with advanced cancer. By defining the tolerability and biological activity of the drug, it aimed to establish an appropriate dose range for use in Phase III trials. Patients with advanced, serologically progressive ovarian, prostatic, pancreatic, and colorectal cancer were recruited into six nonrandomized, dose ranging, multicenter clinical trials in North America and Europe. The biological activity of marimastat was assessed by serial measurements of the serum tumor markers carcinoembryonic antigen, CA125, CA19-9, and prostate-specific antigen. Patients were recruited with tumor markers rising by more than 25% averaged over a 4-week screening period. A biological effect was defined as a level of tumor marker at the end of treatment no greater than at study entry; a partial biological effect was defined as a rise in the level of tumor marker over the treatment period of 0-25% per 4 weeks. Pharmacokinetic and safety data were collected and assessed as the studies progressed. All patients were followed up for survival.
Maxadilan, the Vasodilator from Sand Flies, Is a Specific Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase Activating Peptide Type I Receptor Agonist (1997)

Maxadilan is a potent vasodilator peptide isolated from salivary gland lysates of the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis, a vector of leishmaniasis. The peptide aids the fly in obtaining blood from the skin of its vertebrate hosts but the mammalian receptor through which this insect ligand acts was unknown. We demonstrate that maxadilan is an agonist of the type I receptor for pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide, a neuropeptide with vascular activity. This surprising observation is a unique example of convergent evolution from a functional standpoint as these two peptides do not share significant sequence homology.
Commentary - Gambling, Shaping and Ratio Contingencies (2008)

https://repository.stcloudstate.edu/agb/vol2/iss2/3
Characterization of the triplet-triplet annihilation process of pyrene and several derivatives under laser excitation (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCharacterization of the triplet-triplet annihilation process of pyrene and several derivatives under laser excitationC. Bohne, E. B. Abuin, and J. C. ScaianoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 11, 4226–4231Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00167a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00167a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1694Altmetric-Citations73LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Overexpression of the Grb2 gene in human breast cancer cell lines. (1994)

A receptor blotting technique was used to detect SH2 domain containing epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) substrates that exhibited differential expression either between normal breast epithelial cells and breast cancer cells or between different human breast cancer cell lines. This identified a 25 kD protein, subsequently identified as Grb2, which was markedly overexpressed in three breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-361 and -453) relative to both normal breast epithelial cells and the majority of breast cancer cell lines. Northern blot analysis revealed that 7/19 breast cancer cell lines exhibited more than twofold overexpression of Grb2 mRNA, with overexpression correlating with high expression of erbB receptors. In MCF-7, MDA-MB-361 and -453 cells the overexpression of Grb2 mRNA and protein was accompanied by a small amplification of the Grb2 gene locus. Overexpression of Grb2 correlated with increased complex formation between Grb2 and the hSos-1 Ras GDP-GTP exchange protein. This upregulation of the Ras signalling pathway might modulate the growth factor sensitivity of human breast cancer cells and therefore play a role in tumour progression.
The Structure and Anisotropic Mechanical Properties of Bone (1984)

Compact bone can be modeled as a complex hierarchical composite interrelating both structure and material properties on four levels of structural organization: molecular, ultrastructural, microscopic, and macroscopic.
Fe-catalytic growth of ZnSe nanowires on a ZnSe(001) surface at low temperatures by molecular-beam epitaxy (2005)

We grew ZnSe needle-like nanowires on a ZnSe∕GaAs epilayer using Fe catalysts by means of molecular-beam epitaxy operated at low temperatures of 250–350 °C, which are comparable to the usual temperatures for fabrication of ZnSe-based optoelectronic devices. The diameters at the tops of the nanowires ranged from 8 to 20 nm, and the typical length was about 200 nm. The number density of the nanowires was the order of 109cm−2. A nanowire was the zinc blende structure and the longitudinal direction was ⟨001⟩,⟨111⟩,⟨110⟩, or ⟨112⟩. Photoluminescence spectroscopy implied that the optical property of the nanowires differs from that of the bulk crystals.
Signal constellations for quasi-orthogonal space-time block codes with full diversity (2004)

Space-time block codes (STBCs) from orthogonal designs proposed by Alamouti, and Tarokh-Jafarkhani-Calderbank have attracted considerable attention lately due to their fast maximum-likelihood (ML) decoding and full diversity. However, the maximum symbol transmission rate of an STBC from complex orthogonal designs for complex signals is only 3/4 for three and four transmit antennas, and it is difficult to construct complex orthogonal designs with rate higher than 1/2 for more than four transmit antennas. Recently, Jafarkhani, Tirkkonen-Boariu-Hottinen, and Papadias-Foschini proposed STBCs from quasi-orthogonal designs, where the orthogonality is relaxed to provide higher symbol transmission rates. With the quasi-orthogonal structure, the quasi-orthogonal STBCs still have a fast ML decoding, but do not have the full diversity. The performance of these codes is better than that of the codes from orthogonal designs at low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), but worse at high SNR. This is due to the fact that the slope of the performance curve depends on the diversity. It is desired to have the quasi-orthogonal STBCs with full diversity to ensure good performance at high SNR. In this paper, we achieve this goal by properly choosing the signal constellations. Specifically, we propose that half of the symbols in a quasi-orthogonal design are chosen from a signal constellation set A and the other half of them are chosen from a rotated constellation e/sup j/spl phi// A. The resulting STBCs can guarantee both full diversity and fast ML decoding. Moreover, we obtain the optimum selections of the rotation angles /spl phi/ for some commonly used signal constellations. Simulation results show that the proposed codes outperform the codes from orthogonal designs at both low and high SNRs.
FEELVOS: Fast End-To-End Embedding Learning for Video Object Segmentation (2019)

Many of the recent successful methods for video object segmentation (VOS) are overly complicated, heavily rely on fine-tuning on the first frame, and/or are slow, and are hence of limited practical use. In this work, we propose FEELVOS as a simple and fast method which does not rely on fine-tuning. In order to segment a video, for each frame FEELVOS uses a semantic pixel-wise embedding together with a global and a local matching mechanism to transfer information from the first frame and from the previous frame of the video to the current frame. In contrast to previous work, our embedding is only used as an internal guidance of a convolutional network. Our novel dynamic segmentation head allows us to train the network, including the embedding, end-to-end for the multiple object segmentation task with a cross entropy loss. We achieve a new state of the art in video object segmentation without fine-tuning with a J&F measure of 71.5% on the DAVIS 2017 validation set. We make our code and models available at https://github.com/tensorflow/models/tree/master/research/feelvos.
Effects of temperature and overloading on the performance of anaerobic fixed-film reactors (1982)

Anaerobic fixed-film reactors digesting bean-blanching wastes, chemical industry wastewater, and liquors from heat treated sewage digester sludge can be operated at temperatures lower than optimal and still be loaded at high rates without affecting digester gas composition or COD removal efficiency. Such reactors can handle severe overloading without serious problems. Normal reactor performance was reestablished 12-48 hours after overloading was stopped.
Evaluation of an Enzyme Immunoassay Technique for Detection of Antibodies against <i>Treponema pallidum</i> (2003)

In the present study, the performance of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique (Eti-syphilis-G and Eti-syphilis-M; DiaSorin) for detection of Treponema pallidum immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibodies for the laboratory diagnosis of syphilis was evaluated. Four hundred forty-one samples were studied. The sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA were 100 and 93%, respectively, compared with the results of a microhemagglutination assay for Treponema pallidum (MHA-TP) and 99.4 and 100%, respectively, compared with the results of the fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA-Abs) test. The results of the ELISA technique were concordant with those of MHA-TP for 98% of the samples tested, while the rate of concordance with the FTA-Abs test was 99.5%. The sensitivities of the rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test, MHA-TP, and the ELISA in the different phases of syphilis compared with the results of the FTA-Abs test were 92, 88, and 100%, respectively, for patients with primary syphilis; 100% for all tests evaluated for patients with secondary syphilis; 97.2, 99.4, and 100%, respectively, for patients with latent syphilis; and 57.9, 92.6, and 97.9%, respectively, for patients with past treated syphilis. The RPR test was reactive with 12 samples that were negative by all the specific tests. IgM antibodies were most frequently detected by the ELISA for IgM antibodies (32.8%) than by the FTA-Abs for IgM antibodies (28.4%). Detection of these antibodies by the FTA-Abs test and the ELISA for IgM antibodies decreased with the stage of disease (72 and 88%, respectively, for patients with primary syphilis to 17 and 19%, respectively, for patients with early latent syphilis). The high sensitivity and specificity of this ELISA technique during all stages of syphilis, together with the fact that it is a simple, objective, and easily automated method, lead us to believe that it could be used as a screening test for syphilis.
Modification of Polymer Surfaces by Plasma Treatment and Plasma Polymerization (1985)

Plasma (partially ionized gas) can be utilized to alter the surface characteristics of polymers by (1) exposing a surface of polymer to non-polymer-forming plasma (e.g., O2, N2, H2O, Ar, He, etc.) or by (2) depositing very thin layer of plasma polymer on a surface of polymer. Both processes can produce significant changes on the surface properties of polymers and can contribute to the improvement of wear resistance of polymers, since many changes which can be related to the wear resistance of polymers generally start to take place at the polymer surface. Fundamental aspects of plasma treatment of polymers and plasma polymerization are reviewed.
Facemail (2007)

Users occasionally send email to the wrong recipients -- clicking Reply To All instead of Reply, mistyping an email address, or guessing an email address and getting it wrong - and suffer violations of security or privacy as a result. Facemail is an extension to a webmail system that aims to alleviate this problem by automatically displaying pictures of the selected recipients in a peripheral display, while the user is composing an email message. We describe techniques for obtaining faces from email addresses, and discovering mailing list memberships from existing web data sources, and a user interface design that keeps important faces recognizable while scaling up to hundreds or thousands of recipients. Preliminary experiments suggest that faces significantly improve users' ability to detect misdirected emails with only a brief glance.
Mesenchymal stromal cells from primary osteosarcoma are non‐malignant and strikingly similar to their bone marrow counterparts (2010)

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are multipotent cells that can be isolated from a number of human tissues. In cancer, MSC have been implicated with tumor growth, invasion, metastasis, drug resistance and were even suggested as possible tumor-initiating cells in osteosarcoma (OS). However, MSC from OS and their possible tumor origin have not yet been thoroughly investigated. Therefore, primary OS mesenchymal progenitors and OS-derived MSC were studied. OS samples contained very high frequencies of mesenchymal progenitor cells as measured by the colony-forming unit fibroblast (CFU-F) assay (median: 1,117 colonies per 10(5) cells, range: 133-3,000, n = 6). This is considerably higher compared to other human tissues such as normal bone marrow (BM) (1.3 ± 0.2 colonies per 10(5) cells, n = 8). OS-derived MSC (OS-MSC) showed normal MSC morphology and expressed the typical MSC surface marker profile (CD105/CD73/CD90/CD44/HLA-classI/CD166 positive, CD45/CD34/CD14/CD19/HLA-DR/CD31 negative). Furthermore, all OS-MSC samples could be differentiated into the osteogenic lineage, and all but one sample into adipocytes and chondrocytes. Genetic analysis of OS-MSC as well as OS-derived spheres showed no tumor-related chromosomal aberrations. OS-MSC expression of markers related to tumor-associated fibroblasts (fibroblast surface protein, alpha-smooth muscle actin, vimentin) was comparable to BM-MSC and OS-MSC growth was considerably affected by tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Taken together, our results demonstrate that normal, non-malignant mesenchymal stroma cells are isolated from OS when MSC culture techniques are applied. OS-MSC represent a major constituent of the tumor microenvironment, and they share many properties with BM-derived MSC.
The Use of Physical Methods in Determining Gramicidin Channel Structure and Function (1993)

The various details provided by physical methods have been integrated into a coherent picture of the cation transport process. The free energy profile describes simultaneously the thermodynamic and kinetic factors that govern conductance. Localization of ion binding sites near each end of the channel by NMR and X-ray crystallographic techniques demonstrates that there is an energy barrier separating the two ends. There is no a priori reason to suspect any barrier to ion entry into the channel, and recent molecular modeling computations confirm this intuition. Therefore, the channel is best described as a two-site, one-barrier channel. However, the movement of ions across the central barrier over a distance of 1.9 nm is really a multistep process best described as Brownian motion (even the short steps from one pair of carbonyls to the next is more diffusive than activated for ions as large as Na+), the entry step is probably best considered as a compound step requiring correction for interfacial polarization and diffusion limitation, the binding sites in the channel ought not be considered to be in equilibrium with the bath, and quasi-knock off behavior (binding of a second ion at the entry facilitates release of a first ion from the exit) is probably the rule at physiological permeant ion concentrations and higher. Progress will probably focus on channel kinetics. The channel backbone probably undergoes conformational changes as the ions pass which, according to solid state NMR results, may last long enough to provide the channel with a sort of memory and which may give rise to excess single channel noise. These conformational changes are further reflected in shifts in side chain positions which, in turn, may be partly responsible for changes in the single-channel lifetime, which appears to be exquisitely sensitive to side chain-lipid interactions. Reasonable explanations for the impermeance of divalent cations, anions, and medium-sized organic cations such as guanidinium have proven elusive at first, but it now appears that divalent cations bind water too tightly, anions bind water in an orientation that produces unfavorable contacts between water oxygens and peptide carbonyl oxygens at the channel entry, and iminium ions bind strongly to the flexible peptide carbonyls at the channel entry.
Nickel-Catalyzed β-Boration of α<i>,</i>β-Unsaturated Esters and Amides with Bis(pinacolato)diboron (2007)

A nickel catalyst system for beta-boration of alpha,beta-unsaturated esters and amides with bis(pinacolato)diboron has been developed. The catalyst system enables the boration of di-, tri-, and tetrasubstituted substrates in good yields.
Quantification of human platelet inositides and the influence of ionic environment on their incorporation of orthophosphate-32P (1971)

A C T Platelets are a rich source for the study of inositol lipids in man. The substitution of an EDTA-KCl solution for the water component of the Bligh and Dyer procedure permitted quantitative extraction of polyphosphoinositides. The latter, with monophospho- inositide, were found to comprise, on a molar basis, 6.7% of total platelet phospholipids. Study of the incorporation of orthophosphate-'P into platelet phospholipids was further simplified by separating eight 'P-labeled lipids, including the inositides, with a single chromatographic development on formaldehyde-treated paper. Particular attention was paid to the influence of ionic environment on the pattern and degree of labeling.
A New Approach to the Treatment of Asthma (1989)

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory condition. The previous emphasis on bronchodilator therapy, which does not treat the underlying inflammation, may be misplaced. Earlier introduction of antiinflammatory agents, such as corticosteroids or cromolyn sodium, is strongly recommended. Effective suppression of airway inflammation reduces the need for bronchodilator therapy and may reduce the morbidity and, perhaps, mortality of asthma.
Thyroid Growth Immunoglobulins in Feline Hyperthyroidism (1992)

Feline hyperthyroidism bears a strong clinical and pathologic resemblance to toxic nodular goiter in humans. To evaluate whether the observed thyroid growth might be due to circulating thyroid antibodies, as has been postulated in humans, we studied the effect of purified immunoglobulin (Ig) G preparations on a rat thyroid follicular (FRTL-5) cell line. When compared with control, hyperthyroid cat IgG caused significantly increased [3H]-thymidine (Tdr) incorporation into DNA (p less than 0.02) and stimulated cellular proliferation 15-fold. Stimulation of 3H-Tdr incorporation tended to be biphasic and could be inhibited completely by a potent, specific TSH receptor blocking antibody. Hyperthyroid cat IgG also significantly inhibited 125I-bTSH binding to porcine thyroid membranes, an effect that could be reproduced using electrophoretically pure IgG and normal cat thyroid membranes. Unlike its effect on growth, hyperthyroid cat IgG did not stimulate intracellular cAMP, and there was no correlation between thyroid function in vivo and IgG growth-promoting activity in vitro. These data suggest that elevated titers of thyroid growth IgGs, probably acting through the TSH receptor, are present in feline hyperthyroidism and may play a role in goiter formation. Unlike growth, the thyroid hyperfunction observed is not IgG dependent. Further study of feline hyperthyroidism may contribute important insights into human nodular goiter and into the mediation of thyroid growth in general.
Origin and Suppression of $1/f$ Magnetic Flux Noise (2016)

Magnetic flux noise is a dominant source of dephasing and energy relaxation in superconducting qubits. The noise power spectral density varies with frequency as $1/f^α$ with $α\sim 1$ and spans 13 orders of magnitude. Recent work indicates that the noise is from unpaired magnetic defects on the surfaces of the superconducting devices. Here, we demonstrate that adsorbed molecular O$_2$ is the dominant contributor to magnetism in superconducting thin films. We show that this magnetism can be suppressed by appropriate surface treatment or improvement in the sample vacuum environment. We observe a suppression of static spin susceptibility by more than an order of magnitude and a suppression of $1/f$ magnetic flux noise power spectral density by more than a factor of 5. These advances open the door to realization of superconducting qubits with improved quantum coherence.
Band offsets in HfSiO4/IGZO heterojunctions (2015)

InGaZnO4 (IGZO) is attracting interest for transparent thin film transistors because of its excellent transport properties even in amorphous films deposited at low temperatures. The basic parameters of potential gate dielectric materials for IGZO is still lacking in many cases. The authors have measured the band offsets of sputtered HfSiO4 on IGZO using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and obtained the bandgaps of the materials using reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy. The effect of atmospheric exposure on the band offsets was systematically examined. Previous work has shown that both HfO2 and SiO2 have nested type I alignments on IGZO. However, the HfSiO4/IGZO system has a staggered, type II alignment, with a valence band offset of −0.43 ± 0.04 eV for samples in which all the layers were kept in vacuum or −0.27 ± 0.03 eV for samples exposed to atmosphere prior to the measurement. The conduction band offset for HfSiO4/IGZO was derived as 3.07 ± 0.31 eV for the vacuum samples from the measured bandgap of the IGZO (3.16 eV) and 3.01 ± 0.30 eV for vented samples.