gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modeling network traffic as images (2005)

The paper presents a network measurement approach to represent samples of network packet header data as frames or images. With such a formulation, a series of samples can be seen as a sequence of frames or video. This enables techniques from image processing and video compression to be applied to the analysis of packet header data to reveal interesting traffic properties. We show that traffic images can reveal sudden changes in traffic behavior or anomalies. Using a combination of visual modeling and trace-driven simulation, we evaluate how the design factors impact the representation of dynamic network traffic. In particular, we study the impact of sampling rate and retained DCT coefficients on the network traffic data representation.
Hepatocyte growth factor enhances death receptor-induced apoptosis by up-regulating DR5 (2008)

Taken together, these and previous findings indicate that HGF:c-Met pathway either promotes or inhibits medulloblastoma cell death via pathway and context specific mechanisms.
Electronic effects in homogeneous indenylzirconium Ziegler-Natta catalysts (1990)

A series of new bis(indenyl)zirconium(IV) complexes of the general formula (η5-4,7-X2C9H5)2Zr(CH2C6H5)2 (where X = H, CH3, OCH3, and F) were synthesized in order to investigate the electronic effects of substituents on the nature of the catalytic species in homogeneous Ziegler‒Natta catalysts. By use of poly(methylaluminoxane) as cocatalyst, the activity of these complexes as catalyst precursors in the polymerization of ethylene was examined. The substitution with electron-withdrawing groups resulted in a decrease of both molecular weights and productivity, whereas in the case of electron donors, like methyl groups, no significant change in productivity and average molecular weight was observed. These effects support the hypothesis of a polar or ionic character of the catalytic species. The molecular structure of (η5-4,7-F2C9H5)2Zr(CH2C6H5)2was determined by X-ray diffraction. The complex crystallizes in space group P21/c (No. 14) with cell parameters a = 10.786 (1) Å, b = 11.084 (2) Å, c = 21.602 (2) Å, β = 98.30 (1)°, Z = 4, R = 0.0220, and Rw = 0.0295. © 1990, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
Ibuprofen vs. acetaminophen vs. ibuprofen and acetaminophen after arthroscopically assisted anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (2004)

Background and objective: The analgesic potency of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and acetaminophen are still being debated. We have assessed the relative analgesic effect of ibuprofen, acetaminophen or the combination of both after orthopaedic surgery. Methods: Sixty-one ASA I patients, scheduled for an elective anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction under general anaesthesia were randomized, in a double blind fashion, into one of three groups. The ibuprofen group (n = 17) received ibuprofen 800 mg orally 1 h before operation and again at 6 and 12 h after the initial dose. The acetaminophen group (n = 20) received of acetaminophen 1 g orally at the same time intervals. The combination group (n = 24) received both ibuprofen 800 mg and acetaminophen 1 g. Surgery was performed under general anaesthesia with propofol and fentanyl for induction and maintenance with propofol and nitrous oxide in oxygen. The patients were monitored for 24 h thereafter, and the following variables were assessed: pain by visual analogue and verbal scales, need for rescue intravenous opioid analgesia (i.e. ketobemidone) and adverse events. Results: The ibuprofen group and the combination group experienced significantly less pain during the first 6 h after surgery than the acetaminophen group using the visual analogue and the verbal scales. The acetaminophen group also had a significantly higher average consumption of opioids during the first 6 and 24 h. There were no significant differences between the ibuprofen group and the combination group in respect of experienced pain or consumption of rescue analgesia. The incidence of side-effects, postoperative haemoglobin concentration and renal function, judged by creatinine clearance, were identical between the groups. Conclusion: Ibuprofen 800 mg thrice daily reduced pain to a greater degree than acetaminophen 1 g thrice daily, after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction under general anaesthesia. The combination of acetaminophen and ibuprofen did not provide any superior analgesic effect.
Primitives for distributed computing (1979)

Distributed programs that run on nodes of a network are now technologically feasible, and are well-suited to the needs of organizations. However, our knowledge about how to construct such programs is limited. This paper discusses primitives that support the construction of distributed programs. Attention is focussed on primitives in two major areas: modularity and communication. The issues underlying the selection of the primitives are discussed, especially the issue of providing robust behavior, and various candidates are analyzed. The primitives will ultimately be provided as part of a programming language that will be used to experiment with construction of distributed programs.
Lead Discovery, Chemistry Optimization, and Biological Evaluation Studies of Novel Biamide Derivatives as CB<sub>2</sub>Receptor Inverse Agonists and Osteoclast Inhibitors (2012)

N,N'-((4-(Dimethylamino)phenyl)methylene)bis(2-phenylacetamide) was discovered by using 3D pharmacophore database searches and was biologically confirmed as a new class of CB(2) inverse agonists. Subsequently, 52 derivatives were designed and synthesized through lead chemistry optimization by modifying the rings A-C and the core structure in further SAR studies. Five compounds were developed and also confirmed as CB(2) inverse agonists with the highest CB(2) binding affinity (CB(2)K(i) of 22-85 nM, EC(50) of 4-28 nM) and best selectivity (CB(1)/CB(2) of 235- to 909-fold). Furthermore, osteoclastogenesis bioassay indicated that PAM compounds showed great inhibition of osteoclast formation. Especially, compound 26 showed 72% inhibition activity even at the low concentration of 0.1 μM. The cytotoxicity assay suggested that the inhibition of PAM compounds on osteoclastogenesis did not result from its cytotoxicity. Therefore, these PAM derivatives could be used as potential leads for the development of a new type of antiosteoporosis agent.
Manipulations of Wavefront Propagation: Useful Methods and Applications for Interferometric Measurements and Scanning (2017)

Phase measurements obtained by high-coherence interferometry are restricted by the 2<i>π</i> ambiguity, to height differences smaller than <i>λ</i>/2. A further restriction in most interferometric systems is for focusing the system on the measured object. We present two methods that overcome these restrictions. In the first method, different segments of a measured wavefront are digitally propagated and focused locally after measurement. The divergent distances, by which the diverse segments of the wavefront are propagated in order to achieve a focused image, provide enough information so as to resolve the 2<i>π</i> ambiguity. The second method employs an interferogram obtained by a spectrum constituting a small number of wavelengths. The magnitude of the interferogram's modulations is utilized to resolve the 2<i>π</i> ambiguity. Such methods of wavefront propagation enable several applications such as focusing and resolving the 2<i>π</i> ambiguity, as described in the article.
A rapid and efficient purification method for recombinant annexin V for biophysical studies (1993)

Annexin V binds in a calcium-dependent manner to acidic phospholipids and exhibits ion channel activity in vitro. We are investigating mutants of annexin V by single channel measurements, X-ray crystallography and electron microscopy in order to understand the structure-function relationships of the ion channel activity. We describe here a method to obtain very pure recombinant annexin V required for such studies. The initial step is the mild opening of the bacterial cells by an osmotic shock. In the purification procedure, use is made of the reversible calcium-mediated binding of annexin V to liposomes. In the last purification step the protein is subjected to ion-exchange chromatography and elutes as a single peak free of any detectable contaminants.
Automatically generating metadata for digital photographs with geographic coordinates (2004)

Given location information on digital photographs, we can automatically generate an abundance of photo-related metadata using off-the-shelf and web-based data sources. These metadata can serve as additional memory cues and filters when browsing a personal or global collection of photos.
Evidence suggesting a role for hydroxyl radical in gentamicin-induced acute renal failure in rats. (1988)

The protective effect of hydroxyl radical scavengers and iron chelators has strongly implicated the hydroxyl radical in several models of tissue injury. Based on in vitro studies showing gentamicin-enhanced generation of reactive oxygen metabolites in renal cortical mitochondria, we examined the effect of hydroxyl radical scavengers and iron chelators in gentamicin-induced acute renal failure. Rats treated with gentamicin (G) alone (100 mg/kg, s.c. x 8 d) developed advanced renal failure (BUN 215 +/- 30 mg/dl) compared to saline-treated controls (BUN 16 +/- 1 mg/dl, P less than 0.001). In contrast, rats treated with gentamicin and either dimethylthiourea (DMTU, an hydroxyl radical scavenger, 125 mg/kg, i.p. twice a day) or deferoxamine (DFO, an iron chelator, 20 mg/day by osmotic pump) had significantly lower BUN (G + DMTU 48.8 +/- 8 mg/dl, P less than 0.001, n = 8; G + DFO 30 +/- 7 mg/dl, P less than 0.001, n = 8). In separate experiments, treatment with two other hydroxyl radical scavengers (dimethyl sulfoxide or sodium benzoate) and a second iron chelator (2,3,dihydroxybenzoic acid) had a similar protective effect on renal function (as measured by both BUN and creatinine). In addition, histological evidence of damage was markedly reduced by the interventional agents. Finally, concurrent treatment with DMTU prevented the gentamicin induced increase in renal cortical malondialdehyde content (G: 4.4 +/- 0.2 nmol/mg; G + DMTU: 3.1 +/- 0.2 nmol/mg, P less than 0.0001, n = 8) suggesting that the protective effect of DMTU was related to free radical mechanisms rather than to some other effect. Taken together, these data strongly support a role for hydroxyl radical or a similar oxidant in gentamicin-induced acute renal failure.
Cytochalasin B potentiates epinephrine's outflow facility-increasing effect. (1991)

Total outflow facility was determined in both eyes of cynomolgus monkeys by two-level constant pressure perfusion. After a baseline measurement, one eye of the experimental animal received intracameral cytochalasin B (CB); the other eye received vehicle without CB. Twenty minutes later both eyes received intracameral epinephrine (EPI), and 30 min later the outflow facility was again determined. Doses of CB and EPI which were subthreshold when given singly produced significant facility increases when given concurrently. Subthreshold doses of CB given concurrently with a maximal dose of EPI produced significantly larger facility increases than a maximal dose of EPI given alone. A maximal dose of CB produced a larger facility increase than a maximal dose of EPI. Maximal doses of CB and EPI given concurrently produced a larger facility increase than did a maximal dose of EPI alone and had about the same effect as a maximal CB dose given alone. Since CB's facility-increasing effect is likely due to "disruption" of actin filaments in the endothelial cells of the trabecular meshwork and Schlemm's canal and since CB potentiates the facility-increasing effect of EPI, EPI may also act by "disrupting" actin filaments and consequently altering endothelial cell shape.
Synthesizing speech from Doppler signals (2010)

It has long been considered a desirable goal to be able to construct an intelligible speech signal merely by observing the talker in the act of speaking. Past methods at performing this have been based on camera-based observations of the talker's face, combined with statistical methods that infer the speech signal from the facial motion captured by the camera. Other methods have included synthesis of speech from measurements taken by electro-myelo graphs and other devices that are tethered to the talker - an undesirable setup. In this paper we present a new device for synthesizing speech from characterizations of facial motion associated with speech - a Doppler sonar. Facial movement is characterized through Doppler frequency shifts in a tone that is incident on the talker's face. These frequency shifts are used to infer the underlying speech signal. The setup is farfield and untethered, with the sonar acting from the distance of a regular desktop microphone. Preliminary experimental evaluations show that the mechanism is very promising - we are able to synthesize reasonable speech signals, comparable to those obtained from tethered devices such as EMGs.
Reprogramming of Neural Progenitor Cells into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in the Absence of Exogenous Sox2 Expression (2008)

Expression of the transcription factors Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc in mesodermal and endodermal derivatives, including fibroblasts, lymphocytes, liver, stomach, and beta cells, generates induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. It remains unknown, however, whether cell types of the ectodermal lineage are equally amenable to reprogramming into iPS cells by the same combination of factors. To test this, we have isolated genetically marked neural progenitor cells (NPCs) from neonatal mouse brains and infected them with viral vectors expressing Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc. Infected NPCs gave rise to iPS cells that expressed markers of embryonic stem cells, showed demethylation of pluripotency genes, formed teratomas, and contributed to viable chimeras. In contrast to other somatic cell types, NPCs expressed high levels of endogenous Sox2 and thus did not require viral Sox2 expression for reprogramming into iPS cells. Our data show that in addition to mesoderm- and endoderm-derived cell types, neural progenitor cells of the ectodermal lineage can be reprogrammed into iPS cells, suggesting that in vitro reprogramming is a universal process. These results also imply that the combination of factors necessary for reprogramming is dependent on cellular context. Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Feeder Protection and Monitoring System, Part I: Design, Implementation and Testing (1985)

This paper describes the development of a microcomputer-based Feeder Protection and Monitoring System at Texas A&M University. The Feeder Protection and Monitoring System includes an overcurrent relay to provide overcurrent protection for a distribution feeder and it includes an arcing fault detector which identifies some low current faults which are not cleared by overcurrent protection. The system also provides a monitoring capability which supports data storage and remote interaction with a user. The paper describes the design of the system, how the design was implemented, and the testing of three prototypes which were built for research purposes. These units properly demonstrated the overcurrent protection, arcing fault detection and monitoring functions of the system, as well as many of the features of power system automation.
Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Cellular Networks: A Critical Path to Beyond-5G and 6G (2019)

Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) are in process of overlaying their conventional macro cellular networks with shorter range cells such as outdoor pico cells. The resultant increase in network complexity creates substantial overhead in terms of operating expenses, time, and labor for their planning and management. Artificial intelligence (AI) offers the potential for MNOs to operate their networks in a more organic and cost-efficient manner. We argue that deploying AI in 5G and Beyond will require surmounting significant technical barriers in terms of robustness, performance, and complexity. We outline future research directions, identify top 5 challenges, and present a possible roadmap to realize the vision of AI-enabled cellular networks for Beyond-5G and 6G.
Complex networks: the key to systems biology (2008)

Though introduced recently, complex networks research has grown steadily because of its potential to represent, characterize and model a wide range of intricate natural systems and phenomena. Because of the intrinsic complexity and systemic organization of life, complex networks provide a specially promising framework for systems biology investigation. The current article is an up-to-date review of the major developments related to the application of complex networks in biology, with special attention focused on the more recent literature. The main concepts and models of complex networks are presented and illustrated in an accessible fashion. Three main types of networks are covered: transcriptional regulatory networks, protein-protein interaction networks and metabolic networks. The key role of complex networks for systems biology is extensively illustrated by several of the papers reviewed.
The immune response to fungal infections (2005)

During the past two decades, invasive fungal infections have emerged as a major threat to immunocompromised hosts. Patients with neoplastic diseases are at significant risk for such infections as a result of their underlying illness and its therapy. Aspergillus, Candida, Cryptococcus and emerging pathogens, such as the zygomycetes, dark walled fungi, Trichosporon and Fusarium, are largely opportunists, causing infection when host defences are breached. The immune response varies with respect to the fungal species and morphotype encountered. The risk for particular infections differs, depending upon which aspect of immunity is impaired. This article reviews the current understanding of the role and relative importance of innate and adaptive immunity to common and emerging fungal pathogens. An understanding of the host response to these organisms is important in decisions regarding use of currently available antifungal therapies and in the design of new therapeutic modalities.
Accelerated testing of atmospheric coatings for offshore structures (1989)

Une methode d'essai accelere originale a ete developpee pour le choix des revetements dans les environnements offshores. Le developpement de l'essai et la procedure sont discutes et une correlation a ete determinee entre l'essai accelere en laboratoire et les performances en site reel.
Practical Aspects of Donor Cell Selection for Nuclear Cloning (2002)

Choosing the right nuclear donor is the most critical decision in cloning by nuclear transfer (NT), or nuclear cloning, because the cloned animal will be a genetic copy of the donor cell genome used for NT. Both donor cell type and cell cycle stage are important methodological parameters and influence nuclear cloning efficiency. Cloning, however, is a multi-step procedure and the exact contribution of the nuclear donor to overall cloning success must be determined in comparative studies. This requires strict standardization of isolation, purification, and culture protocols, and application of stringent identification criteria in order to obtain a homogenous donor cell population. In all these respects, the standards in the cloning field are currently poor. The aim of this review is to provide a brief guideline for the major practical aspects of donor cell selection, cell cycle synchronization and preparation for NT.
Effect of Text Messaging and Cellphone Use on a Multi-sensory Tracking Task (2011)

This experiment studied subjects’ performance on a continuous multisensory tracking task. Different theories suggest that there is a decrease in performance due to attentional capacity; furthermore, talking or texting on a mobile phone will negatively affect task performance. Twenty-four college-age students were recruited to be tested on the Biodex Balance System SD with the texting condition, talking on a mobile phone condition, and control condition. Results showed that text messaging while performing a continuous multisensory tracking task negatively affected performance. There was no significant difference, however, between the control condition and talking on a mobile phone while completing the task. Results suggest that talking on a mobile phone has become second-nature to this sub-set of the population, thus not exceeding the resource capacity. However, the text messaging condition proved to be a more challenging secondary task, causing the amount of attention needed for this task to be increased. Attention was diverted from the primary task, causing a decrease in performance. It can be concluded that texting while performing a multi-sensory tracking task can have deleterious effects on attention. These findings have a direct application to texting while driving; it is not possible to safely communicate via text message while operating a motor vehicle.
Depth from scattering (2002)

Light power is affected when it crosses the atmosphere; there is a simple, albeit non-linear, relationship between the radiance of an image at any given wavelength and the distance between object and viewer. This phenomenon is called atmospheric scattering and has been extensively studied by physicists and meteorologists. We present the first analysis of this phenomenon from an image understanding perspective: we investigate a group of techniques for extraction of depth cues solely from the analysis of atmospheric scattering effects in images. Depth from scattering techniques are discussed for indoor and outdoor environments, and experimental tests with real images are presented. We have found that depth cues in outdoor scenes can be recovered with surprising accuracy and can be used as an additional information source for autonomous vehicles.
Measurement of rutile TiO 2 dielectric tensor from 0.148 to 33 μm using generalized ellipsometry (2000)

We have determined the complex uniaxial dielectric tensor of bulk rutile titanium dioxide (110), (100) and (111) samples using reflection generalized ellipsometry, which measures both the diagonal and off- diagonal elements of the reflection Jones matrix. Data were acquired using three commercially available ellipsometers, each covering the following spectral ranges: 0.148 to 0.292, 0.200 to 1.7 (mu) m; and 1.7 to 33 (mu) m. Generalized ellipsometry measures three complex ratios involving all four Jones matrix elements. In principle, this means that the complex dielectric tensor of a uniaxial crystal can be determined in a single measurement, provided that the sample is oriented such that the off-diagonal components of the Jones matrix are non-zero. To improve our results, we measure the samples at several rotational orientations around the surface normal. This insures that the probing electric fields vibrate along substantially different directions with respect to the optic axis. In some cases, we also varied the angle of incidence. The dielectric tensor was determined at every wavelength directly from a simultaneous fit to data from all rotational orientations and incident angles. A similar methodology should be applicable to a wide range of anisotropic optical materials.