gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Convex Optimization-Based Signal Detection for Massive Overloaded MIMO Systems (2017)

This paper proposes signal detection schemes for massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, where the number of receive antennas is less than that of transmitted streams. Assuming practical baseband digital modulation and taking advantage of the discreteness of transmitted symbols, we formulate the signal detection problem as a convex optimization problem, called sum-of-absolute-value (SOAV) optimization. Moreover, we extend the SOAV optimization into the weightedSOAV (W-SOAV) optimization and propose an iterative approach to solve the W-SOAV optimization with updating the weights in the objective function. Furthermore, for coded MIMO systems, we also propose a joint detection and decoding scheme, where log likelihood ratios of transmitted symbols are iteratively updated between the MIMO detector and the channel decoder. In addition, a theoretical performance analysis is provided in terms of the upper bound of the size of the estimation error obtained with the W-SOAV optimization. Simulation results show that the bit error rate performance of the proposed scheme is better than that of conventional schemes, especially in large-scale overloaded MIMO systems.
Update on the diagnosis and management of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (2016)

Once suspected, the diagnosis of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is straightforward when flow cytometric analysis of the peripheral blood reveals a population of glycosyl phosphatidylinositol anchor protein-deficient cells. But PNH is clinically heterogeneous, with some patients having a disease process characterized by florid intravascular, complement-mediated hemolysis, whereas in others, bone marrow failure dominates the clinical picture with modest or even no evidence of hemolysis observed. The clinical heterogeneity is due to the close, though incompletely understood, relationship between PNH and immune-mediated bone marrow failure, and that PNH is an acquired, nonmalignant clonal disease of the hematopoietic stem cells. Bone marrow failure complicates management of PNH because compromised erythropoiesis contributes, to a greater or lesser degree, to the anemia; in addition, the extent to which the mutant stem cell clone expands in an individual patient determines the magnitude of the hemolytic component of the disease. An understanding of the unique pathobiology of PNH in relationship both to complement physiology and immune-mediated bone marrow failure provides the basis for a systematic approach to management.
Glucose Regulation of Insulin Secretion Independent of the Opening or Closure of Adenosine Triphosphate-Sensitive K+ Channels in β Cells* (1999)

Two major pathways are implicated in the stimulation of insulin secretion by glucose. The K+-ATP channel-dependent pathway involves closure of these channels, depolarization of the beta-cell membrane, acceleration of Ca2+ influx, and a rise in cytosolic free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i). The K+-ATP channel-independent pathway potentiates the stimulation of exocytosis by high [Ca2+]i. To determine whether this second pathway is influenced by the configuration of the channel, we compared the effects of glucose on [Ca2+]i and insulin secretion in mouse islets under three conditions. First, in the presence of 20, 25, and 30 mM K+, i.e. without pharmacological action on K+-ATP channels, [Ca2+]i and insulin secretion were already elevated at 3 mM glucose. High glucose (20 mM) caused a transient decrease in [Ca2+]i followed by an ascent to slightly above control levels, and rapidly stimulated insulin secretion. Second, opening of K+-ATP channels with diazoxide did not influence [Ca2+]i and insulin secretion at 3 mM glucose and high K+. However, high glucose now caused a sustained lowering of [Ca2+]i accompanied by a slow increase in secretion that augmented with the K+ concentration. Third, when K+-ATP channels were blocked and beta-cells depolarized by high concentrations of tolbutamide or glibenclamide, [Ca2+]i and insulin secretion were elevated even in low glucose. High glucose transiently lowered [Ca2+]i, which then increased to or slightly above control levels, while insulin secretion was rapidly stimulated. Under all conditions the correlation between [Ca2+]i and insulin secretion was excellent at low and high glucose levels, and high glucose increased release at all [Ca2+]i. The potentiation of Ca2+-induced exocytosis by glucose is thus independent of the closed or open state of K+-ATP channels. It is only when the channels are opened by diazoxide that the increase in release is a strict amplification of the action of Ca2+. When the channels are closed (sulfonylureas) or still closable (high K+ alone), the effect of glucose on secretion also comprises a slight increase in [Ca2+]i and, in the latter case, is not strictly K+-ATP channel independent.
Kinetic Modeling of the Oxidation of Ammonia in Flames (1983)

Abstract We have investigated theoretically a variety of burner-stabilized and freely propagating NH3/2 and NH3/H2/2. flames. The agreement between theory and experiment is generally good except, perhaps, for very rich flames, where it appears that the kinetic model may be missing important pyrolysis steps. Nevertheless, the important NO and N2 formation reactions can be identified. In lean flames, nitric oxide is produced primarily through the nitroxyl (HNO intermediate, formed either by the reaction of NH2. with oxygen atoms or NH with hydroxyl and oxygen molecules. Similarly, in lcan flames conversion of NO to N2. is by reaction with NH2 or NH, forming NNH or N2.O as intermediates. Under richer conditions NH2.and NH are rapidly converted to nitrogen atoms, and the extended Zel'dovich mechanism becomes responsible for NO formation and the conversion of NO to N2. In addition to our analysis of the nitric oxide production and destruction paths, we find from a sensitivity analysis that the most important reaction in dutcrmining the flame speed under stoichiometric conditions is the chain branching reaction H | O3.⇌2OH+0. Other properties of the stoichiometric NH3-o2 flame worthy of mention are (I) a local maximum in the temperature profile (higher than the adiabatic Rame temperature) occurs in the interior of the flame, and (2) the flame speed is almost independent of pressure From 0.1 to 10 atmospheres.
High-efficiency guided-mode resonance filter (1998)

A high-efficiency guided-mode resonance reflection filter is reported. The device consists of a surface-relief photoresist grating and an underlying HfO (2) waveguide layer deposited on a fused-silica substrate. The spectral response measured with a dye-laser beam at normal incidence exhibited a peak reflectance of 98% at a wavelength of 860 nm with sideband reflectance below approximately 5% extending over the wavelength range provided by the dye (800-900 nm). At normal incidence the filter linewidth was 2.2 nm. High-efficiency double-peak resonances occurred at nonnormal incidence, with the spectral locations of the maxima vayring with the incidence angle. The filter response at various angles of incidence agreed well with the theoretically calculated reflectance curves.
Random sampling for evaluating treatment plans (1990)

We analyze the influence of sampling technique on the accuracy of estimating irradiated volumes, dose-volume histograms and tumor control and normal tissue complication probabilities. The sampling techniques we consider are uniform distribution of points on a regular Cartesian grid and random selection of points. For three-dimensional treatment planning, random sampling leads to a significant reduction in estimation error and/or in the number of calculation points necessary to achieve a required accuracy. We discuss advantages and drawbacks of random sampling, as compared to sampling on a regular grid. It is suggested that, in practical situations, at least 50 times fewer randomly sampled points per organ/volume of interest are needed for fast estimation of complication probability with the same accuracy, i.e., not exceeding 5% (within 95% confidence limits) in the worst case.
ATP-Competitive Inhibitors of the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin: Design and Synthesis of Highly Potent and Selective Pyrazolopyrimidines (2009)

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a central regulator of growth, survival, and metabolism, is a validated target for cancer therapy. Rapamycin and its analogues, allosteric inhibitors of mTOR, only partially inhibit one mTOR protein complex. ATP-competitive, global inhibitors of mTOR that have the potential for enhanced anticancer efficacy are described. Structural features leading to potency and selectivity were identified and refined leading to compounds with in vivo efficacy in tumor xenograft models.
2.4 W CW 770 nm laser arrays with nonabsorbing mirrors (1987)

Laser arrays have been fabricated with silicon-impurityinduced disordered nonabsorbing mirrors (windows) to enhance the maximum CW power output. The power output was thermally limited for a 100 μm-aperture device to 2.4 W CW while catastrophic failure occurred under pulsed conditions at 3.5 W in a 100 μs pulse and increased to 22 W for a 50 ns pulse. The emission wavelength of these diodes is 770 nm.
Diversité, ordre et unité du vivant dans les savoirs populaires (1997)

On ne peut pas, comme on le fait de plus en plus frquemment, en appeler aux savoirs populaires pour la gestion de la biodiversit ou le dveloppement durable, sans savoir exactement de quoi il s'agit. Voici un effort de clarification et une prise de position qui viennent es thnosciences et qui s'adressent tant aux cologues qu'aux divers spcialistes des sciences du dveloppement.
Using a periclinal chimera to unravel layer‐specific gene expression in plants (2013)

Plant organs are made from multiple cell types, and defining the expression level of a gene in any one cell or group of cells from a complex mixture is difficult. Dicotyledonous plants normally have three distinct layers of cells, L1, L2 and L3. Layer L1 is the single layer of cells making up the epidermis, layer L2 the single cell sub-epidermal layer and layer L3 constitutes the rest of the internal cells. Here we show how it is possible to harvest an organ and characterise the level of layer-specific expression by using a periclinal chimera that has its L1 layer from Solanum pennellii and its L2 and L3 layers from Solanum lycopersicum. This is possible by measuring the level of the frequency of species-specific transcripts. RNA-seq analysis enabled the genome-wide assessment of whether a gene is expressed in the L1 or L2/L3 layers. From 13 277 genes that are expressed in both the chimera and the parental lines and with at least one polymorphism between the parental alleles, we identified 382 genes that are preferentially expressed in L1 in contrast to 1159 genes in L2/L3. Gene ontology analysis shows that many genes preferentially expressed in L1 are involved in cutin and wax biosynthesis, whereas numerous genes that are preferentially expressed in L2/L3 tissue are associated with chloroplastic processes. These data indicate the use of such chimeras and provide detailed information on the level of layer-specific expression of genes.
Spectroscopic and electrochemical properties of dimeric Ruthenium(II) diimine complexes and determination of their excited state redox properties (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpectroscopic and electrochemical properties of dimeric Ruthenium(II) diimine complexes and determination of their excited state redox propertiesYael Fuchs, Sonita Lofters, Thomas Dieter, Wei Shi, Robert Morgan, Thomas C. Strekas, Harry D. Gafney, and A. David BakerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 9, 2691–2697Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00243a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00243a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views603Altmetric-Citations122LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Species-specific binding of CD4 to the beta 2 domain of major histocompatibility complex class II molecules. (1992)

Exon-shuffled constructs between mouse (IA beta b) and human (DR3 beta) class II beta chains were made to study the interaction sites between CD4 and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules, and to determine whether a species barrier is involved. The overall structure and the peptide binding groove appeared to be unaffected by the exon shuffling procedure as determined by monoclonal antibody and peptide binding assays, respectively. While purified CD4+ BALB/c T cells responded strongly in a mixed leukocyte reaction to transfectants expressing the whole IA molecule, the response to IA molecules containing a DR beta 2 domain was substantially reduced. In addition, the presence of an IA beta 2 domain in DR failed to restore the weak xenoreactivity to the whole DR molecule. Similar observations were made with murine HEL-specific, IA alpha k beta b-restricted T cell hybridomas which responded significantly stronger to the whole compared with the exon-shuffled IA molecules. The involvement of CD4 in these differential responses was confirmed by the observation that CD4 loss variants responded to both molecules comparably, and transfection of CD4 into these cells restored the parental phenotype. In contrast, CD4 loss variants transfected with human CD4 responded equally to both the whole and the exon-shuffled molecules. Taken together, these data imply the existence of a partial species barrier, and suggest that CD4 interacts with the beta 2 domain of MHC class II molecules, probably in addition to other contact sites. Models for the interaction of CD4 with MHC class II molecules are presented.
Nanoparticle-Assembled Capsule Synthesis:  Formation of Colloidal Polyamine−Salt Intermediates (2006)

There is current interest in developing new synthesis strategies for multifunctional hollow spheres with tunable structural properties that would be useful in encapsulation and controlled release applications. A new route was reported recently, in which the sequential reaction of polyamines, multivalent anions, and charged nanoparticles leads to the formation of polymer-filled and water-filled organic/inorganic micron-sized structures known as nanoparticle-assembled capsules. This technique is unique among other capsule preparation routes, as it allows the rapid and scalable formation of robust shells at room temperature, in near-neutral water, and with readily available precursors. This nanoparticle assembly synthesis route involves two steps: the formation of polymer aggregates and the subsequent deposition of particles around the aggregates. The purpose of this paper is to understand in greater detail the noncovalent chemistry of the polymer-salt aggregation step. With poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) as the model polymer, aggregate formation was investigated as a function of charge ratio, pH, and time through dynamic light scattering, electrophoretic mobility measurements, chloride ion measurements, and optical microscopy. PAH formed aggregates by the cross-linking action of divalent and higher-valent anions above a critical charge ratio and in a pH range defined by the pKa values of PAH and the anion. The aggregates grew in size through coalescence and with growth rates that depended on their surface charge. Controlling polymer aggregate growth provided a direct and simple means to adjust the size of the resultant capsule materials.
Observation of Brillouin Scattering Induced Transparency in a Silica Microsphere Resonator (2014)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text J. Kim, M. Kuzyk, K. Han, H. Wang, and G. Bahl, "Observation of Brillouin Scattering Induced Transparency in a Silica Microsphere Resonator," in CLEO: 2014, OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optica Publishing Group, 2014), paper SF2M.5. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Jasmonates: An Update on Biosynthesis, Signal Transduction and Action in Plant Stress Response, Growth and Development (2007)

Crystal structure of enzymes in jasmonate biosynthesis, increasing number of jasmonate metabolites and newly identified components of the jasmonate signal-transduction pathway, including specifically acting transcription factors, have led to new insights into jasmonate action, but its receptor(s) is/are still missing, in contrast to all other plant hormones.
Design and development methodologies of Kkongalmon, a location-based augmented reality game using mobile geographic information (2019)

Augmented reality is a rapidly growing area of interactive design where it allows virtual contents to be seamlessly integrated with displays of real-world scenes. Along with the meteoric rise of smart mobile devices capable of producing interesting augmented reality environments, the field of interactive game contents has been explored. Pokémon GO, which is released by Niantic, is one of the representative game contents that are implemented using a location-based augmented reality (AR) technology. Even though it is implemented on the basis of the famous and powerful intellectual property (IP) which is Pokémon, the game can be said to be a good example that shows how location-based AR technology using mobile geographic information is being utilized. In the Korean game industry, however, AR-based games are not being paid much attention to. This paper aims at describing the current situation of and future prospects for AR technology and identifying location-based AR game development methods, problems, and improvements by investigating Kkongalmon. In addition, this paper presents efficient development methodologies including design guidelines, tools, and interfaces in AR applications using mobile geographic information. This will enable the improvement of understanding of user experience in mobile AR applications.
Optimization of n-channel tunnel FET for the sub-22nm gate length regime (2008)

In this work we explore for the first time, the design space for n-channel T-FETs with gate lengths below 22 nm using extensive device simulations. We show that the heterojunction tunnel-FET can satisfy ITRS requirements for HP and LSTP can be achieved using a SiGe-source device by an optimum choice of gate dielectric thickness and Ge fraction in Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-gamma</sub> Ge <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">gamma</sub> .
In vivo measures of cochlear length and insertion depth of nucleus cochlear implant electrode arrays. (1998)

Three-dimensional cochlear canal lengths, electrode array intracochlear insertion depths, and characteristic frequency ranges were estimated for 20 Nucleus implant recipients on the basis of in vivo computed tomography (CT) scans. Ultra-high resolution images were reconstructed from spiral CT data with 0.1-mm slicing and expanded attenuation scales. Canal length estimates (mean 33.01 mm; SD 2.31) were consistent with previous findings for normal human temporal bones. Intracochlear array insertion depths estimated by 3-dimensional (3-D) spiral calculations (mean 20.19 mm; SD 2.86) and by a computerized array tracking algorithm (mean 20.36 mm; SD 2.66) were not significantly different. Estimates from surgical observations were significantly longer (mean 21.03 mm; SD 2.31) because array compressions were not detectable. Characteristic frequencies at apical electrodes estimated from Greenwood's equations ranged from 387 Hz to 2,596 Hz. The results show that significant variations in cochlear anatomy and array distribution among implant patients that may impact implant performance can be reliably detected and quantified by using in vivo high-resolution CT and 3-D reconstructions.
Evaluation of cell line 293 for virus isolation in routine viral diagnosis (1986)

Cell line 293, a continuous line of transformed human embryonic kidney cells, has been recognized for its sensitivity in the isolation of adenoviruses, particularly the fastidious species 40 and 41, from stool specimens. To explore the possibility of using this cell line for the isolation of other viruses from clinical specimens, 293 cells were tested for their susceptibility to a variety of viruses including herpes simplex virus, parainfluenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus, and the enteroviruses ECHO 11, coxsackie B5, and coxsackie B6. All of the viruses induced a cytopathic effect in 293 cells. Consequently, 293 cells were introduced into the diagnostic laboratory and used along with primary African green monkey kidney (AGMK) cell cultures for the inoculation of all respiratory and stool specimens. The study represents a retrospective analysis of the performance of 293 cells over a 22-month period. It was confirmed that 293 cells were more sensitive than AGMK cells for the isolation of adenoviruses from both respiratory and stool specimens. The 293 cells were also sensitive for the isolation of enteroviruses (untyped) but more so from stool specimens than from respiratory specimens. Parainfluenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus were only rarely isolated in 293 cells. Herpesvirus isolates were obtained with equal frequency in both 293 and AGMK cells. This retrospective analysis confirms the value of 293 cells for the isolation of adenoviruses and demonstrates that 293 cells are also useful for the isolation of certain enteroviruses from both respiratory and stool specimens.
The development of an operational computer based satellite data broadcasting system (1995)

Describes the hardware and software development of a low cost, 100 kbit/sec data modem for satellite broadcasting and reception of computer disk files. Primarily developed for use as a sub-carrier on a standard FM TV transmission, the system has been adapted to operate at 128 kbits/sec utilising a user data port on an MPEG compressed digital TV channel. The modulator and demodulator printed circuit cards have been developed which plug directly into IBM AT compatible PCs (personal computers). Applications include distance learning, electronic mail, information service, database updating and software distribution. >