gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Results of treatment with high intensity, brief duration chemotherapy in poor prognosis non-hodgkin's lymphoma (1991)

A novel chemotherapeutic approach was designed for the treatment of intermediate and high-grade histology non-Hodgkin's lymphoma using augmented (but subtransplantation) doses of chemotherapy administered at frequent intervals in the inpatient setting. For the initial evaluation of this regimen, poor prognosis patients were treated with a projected long-term survival rate of less than 25% in response to standard therapy. Between March 1982 and May 1988, 56 previously untreated patients were entered into this study; all patients had either high-grade histology (20 patients) or predominantly large cell lymphoma (36 patients). Median age was 41.5 years (range, 18 to 69 years). Poor prognosis features included: Stage IV, 71%; poor performance status (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group scale, 2 to 4), 55%; multiple extranodal sites of disease, 52%; elevated lactic dehydrogenase (greater than 300 IU/l), 43%; and bulky (greater than 10 cm) tumor masses, 30%. Thirty-three of 56 patients (59%) were in Shipp's Category 3. During the 6-year study, the chemotherapy regimen was modified in an attempt to improve efficacy and reduce toxicity. However, most patients received a 2-month course of therapy as follows: cyclophosphamide 1500 mg/m2 intravenously (IV) on days 1, 2, and 29; etoposide 400 mg/m2 IV on days 1, 2, and 3 and 100 mg/m2 on days 29, 30, 31; doxorubicin 45 mg/m2 IV on days 29, 30; vincristine 1.4 mg/m2 IV on days 8, 22, 36, and 50; bleomycin 10 units/m2 IV on days 8, 22, 36, and 50; methotrexate 200 mg/m2 IV on days 15 and 43 followed 24 hours later by leucovorin 15 mg/m2 IV every 6 hours for six doses; and prednisone 60 mg/m2 orally on days 1 to 7 and 29 to 35. The complete response (CR) rate was 77% (95% confidence interval, 64% to 86%). There were ten relapses, only one of which occurred after 18 months of follow-up. Overall event-free survival (EFS) was 52% (95% confidence interval, 36% to 68%), with a median follow-up of 36 months. Eleven of 13 patients with small noncleaved lymphoma had CR; actuarial EFS in this subgroup was 61%. Myelosuppression occurred in all patients, with severe leukopenia (less than 1000/microliters) lasting a median of 12 days (range, 3 to 29 days); toxic deaths occurred in five patients (9%; 95% confidence interval, 4% to 19%). This intensive approach improved the response and survival of very poor risk non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients.
Resistance of B16 Melanoma Cells to CD47-induced Negative Regulation of Motility as a Result of Aberrant N-Glycosylation of SHPS-1 (2004)

The adhesion receptor SHPS-1 activates the protein-tyrosine-phosphatase SHP-2 and thereby promotes integrin-mediated reorganization of the cytoskeleton. SHPS-1 also contributes to cell-cell communication through association with CD47. Although functional alteration of SHPS-1 is implicated in cellular transformation, the role of the CD47-SHPS-1 interaction in carcinogenesis has been unclear. A soluble SHPS-1 ligand (CD47-Fc) has now been shown to bind to Melan-a non-tumorigenic melanocytes but not to syngeneic B16F10 melanoma cells. Treatment of B16F10 cells with 1-deoxymannojirimycin, which prevents N-glycan processing, restored the ability of SHPS-1 derived from these cells to bind CD47-Fc in vitro, indicating that aberrant N-glycosylation of SHPS-1 impairs CD47 binding in B16F10 cells. CD47-Fc inhibited the migration of Melan-a cells but not that of B16F10 cells. However, a monoclonal antibody that reacts with SHPS-1 on both Melan-a and B16F10 cells inhibited the migration of both cell types similarly. CD47 binding induced proteasome-mediated degradation of SHPS-1 in a tyrosine phosphorylation-independent manner. Furthermore, overexpression of SHPS-1 reduced the level of tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase, and this effect was reversed by CD47 binding. These results suggest that CD47 binds to and thereby down-regulates SHPS-1 on adjacent cells, resulting in inhibition of cell motility. Resistance to this inhibitory mechanism may contribute to the highly metastatic potential of B16 melanoma.
The design and analysis of a large angular range, two-axis flexure assembly (1988)

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1988.
Realizable warped IIR filters and their properties (2002)

Digital filters where unit delays are replaced with frequency dependent delays, such as first order allpass sections, are often called warped filters since they implement filter specifications on a warped non-uniform frequency scale. Warped IIR (WIIR) filters cannot be realized directly due to delay free loops. Specific solutions have been known that make WIIR filters realizable but no general approach has been available so far. In this paper we will explore the generation of such filters, including new filter structures. The robustness and computational efficiency of WIIR filters are studied and most potential applications are discussed.
A Simple Means of Computing the Kekulé Structure Count for Toroidal Polyhex Fullerenes (1998)

A simple method is presented for determining the Kekulé structure count of toroidal polyhex fullerenes, along with the computer source code used. Toroidal fullerenes, unlike spherical fullerenes, can consist entirely of hexagonal faces, and those that do are alternant hydrocarbons (with zero hydrogens). For alternant hydrocarbons, the square of the Kekulé structure count is equal to the permanent of the adjacency matrix. Also, for alternant structures, the adjacency matrix for n atoms can be written in such a way that only an n/2 × n/2 matrix need be evaluated.
MapReduce optimization using regulated dynamic prioritization (2009)

We present a system for allocating resources in shared data and compute clusters that improves MapReduce job scheduling in three ways. First, the system uses regulated and user-assigned priorities to offer different service levels to jobs and users over time. Second, the system dynamically adjusts resource allocations to fit the requirements of different job stages. Finally, the system automatically detects and eliminates bottlenecks within a job. We show experimentally using real applications that users can optimize not only job execution time but also the cost-benefit ratio or prioritization efficiency of a job using these three strategies. Our approach relies on a proportional share mechanism that continuously allocates virtual machine resources. Our experimental results show a 11-31% improvement in completion time and 4-187% improvement in prioritization efficiency for different classes of MapReduce jobs. We further show that delay intolerant users gain even more from our system.
The golden rule is that the family must come first (2003)

Considerable time is spent in planning for children with special needs but do we consider the needs of their families? By Kate Wall.
A functional analysis of recombinant soluble CD46 <i>in vivo</i> and a comparison with recombinant soluble forms of CD55 and CD35 <i>in vitro</i> (1996)

The human cell surface complement regulatory proteins CD46 (MCP), CD55 (DAF) and CD35 (CR1) protect autologous cells from complement-mediated damage by inhibiting C3 and C5 convertases. This regulatory potential has previously been exploited in the treatment of some models of inflammatory injury by the generation of recombinant soluble (rs) proteins, such as rsCD55 and rsCD35 . More recently, we have shown that rsCD46 inhibits complement activation in the fluid phase. In this report, the ability of rsCD46, rsD55 and rsCD35 to regulate human complement activation mediated by the classical pathway in vitro was clearly demonstrated by all three soluble proteins; however, rsCD35 was a more effective inhibitor than either rsCD46 or rsCD55. A combination of rsCD46+ rsCD55 was more potent than either of these proteins alone. Cell lysis via alternative pathway activation in vitro was efficiently regulated by rsCD46 and rsCD35 to a similar extent, whereas rsCD55 was not effective. Assays of rsCD46 in vivo have previously not been possible due to difficulties in expressing sufficient quantities of protein. This limitation has been overcome and now we report the ability of rsCD46 to inhibit immune complex-mediated inflammation in a rat using the reverse passive Arthus reaction model. Administration of rsCD46 significantly reduced the size of lesion, and histological examination showed a reduction in inflammatory infiltrate and edema. These data suggest that rsCD46, in addition to rsCd55 and rsCD35, may be useful a therapeutic agent.
<i>Trans</i><i>−</i><i>Cis</i> Isomerization of Proline 22 in Bovine Prothrombin Fragment 1:  A Surprising Result of Structural Characterization (1998)

The calcium ion-mediated interaction of bovine prothrombin (BF1) with negatively charged phospholipid membranes is assumed to be largely via the Gla domain of BF1 with the fold of the Gla domain essential for binding. It has been reported that Pro22 undergoes classical trans to cis isomerization in the presence of calcium ions with the cis conformation of Pro22 of BF1 responsible for membrane binding [Evans, T. C., Jr., and Nelsestuen, G. L. (1996) Biochemistry 35, 8210-8215]. However, Pro22 was found to be in the trans conformation in the crystal structure of BF1. In the present work, we have used molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the relative importance of the two conformations of Pro22 to the structural and dynamical properties of BF1. The initial trans conformation of Pro22 in BF1 was slowly converted to cis-Pro22 using constrained dynamics. The second-generation AMBER force field in conjunction with the particle mesh Ewald method to accommodate long-range interaction was employed in the trajectory calculations. Comparison of the BF1(trans-Pro22) and BF1(cis-Pro22) equilibrated structures reveals surprisingly that the overall structural changes associated with the trans-cis isomerization is minimal and only minor modifications to the hydrogen bond network and the network of N-terminus Ala1 take place. The calculated electrostatic potential energy surfaces of the two protein structures also appear to be very similar, indicating the near equality of the local interaction site environments in the protein prior to lipid binding.
Highly Dispersive Micro-Ring Resonator Based on 1D Photonic Crystal ¿ Design and Analysis (2006)

In this paper, we propose a novel structure that enables to increase the Q factor significantly given the same micro-ring resonator (MRR) radius and same material properties. It is identical to the standard MRR with the addition of a series of periodic defects that are introduced into the MRR. The added defects provide an additional degree of freedom and allow controlling the dispersion properties of the MRR
Cellular distribution of Glut‐1 and Glut‐5 in benign and malignant human prostate tissue (2011)

Over-expression of hexose transporters (Gluts), specifically Glut-1, is a common event in human malignancies. In prostate cancer (CaP), however, expression of Gluts has been characterized poorly. In this study, expression and distribution of Glut-1 and Glut-5 proteins were characterized using immunohistochemistry in 76 specimens of benign prostate, 10 specimens of high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN), and 28 specimens of CaP. In addition, mRNA expression of Glut-2, Glut-7, Glut-9, and Glut-11 was analyzed in a set of five specimens of benign prostate and CaP. In benign prostate, Glut-1 localized to the basal cells and to the basolateral membrane of secretory/luminal epithelial cells. Glut-5, however, localized to the apical membrane of secretory/luminal epithelial cells. In HGPIN, Glut-1 was immunohistochemically undetectable. Glut-5, however, localized to the apical membrane of the neoplastic epithelial cells. In CaP, Glut-1 and Glut-5, were immunohistochemically undetectable. However, over-expression of GLUT1 was observed in some specimens of highly proliferative intraductal CaP. Glut-7, Glut-9, and Glut-11 mRNAs were detected in benign prostate and CaP, however, only Glut-11 mRNA was consistently up-regulated in CaP compared to benign prostate. Low levels of expression of Glut-1 protein in the majority of CaP could explain, at least in part, the limited clinical applicability of positron emission tomography using 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose for imaging CaP. Moreover, expression of Glut-5 in HGPIN suggested that fructose could be utilized as potential metabolic substrate in HGPIN. Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in regulation/dysregulation of Gluts in CaP could provide insight in the understanding of hexose metabolism in CaP.
Simple ion milling preparation of 〈111〉 tungsten tips (1989)

Ion milling of single-crystal tungsten 〈111〉 wire results in a steady-state faceted tip which is sharp on a near-atomic scale. The self-limiting nature of the process makes preparation particularly simple and therefore useful for applications such as scanning tunneling microscope tips, focused ion beam sources, etc.
Introduction to Materialized Views In Teradata (2002)

Materialized views are implemented as join indexes in Teradata. Join in- dexes can be used to improve the performance of queries at the expense of update performance and increased storage requirements. Teradata supports a variety of join indexes including aggregate join indexes, single-table and multi-table join in- dexes, and sparse join indexes. Join indexes can be used in conjunction with base tables if the join index does not completely contain the columns in the select list or the selection condition. A number of techniques used to improve the performance of maintenance for join indexes are described.
Binders Based on Polyisocyanates: Polyurethanes (2006)

Polyurethanes are the most versatile type of coating. They contain urethane (NHCOO) linkages, which are usually formed by reaction of an alcohol with an isocyanate. Isocyanates serve both as cross-linkers and as building blocks for synthesis of resins. Isocyanates are used in a variety of types of coatings: two-package (2K) coatings with polyols and hindered amines, moisture-curable coatings, 1K blocked isocyanate coatings, aqueous polyurethane dispersions (PUD), 2K urea coatings, 2K waterborne urethanes.
The LIMSI continuous speech dictation system (1994)

A major axis of research at LIMSI is directed at multilingual, speaker-independent, large vocabulary speech dictation. In this paper the LIMSI recognizer which was evaluated in the ARPA NOV93 CSR test is described, and experimental results on the WSJ and BREF corpora under closely matched conditions are reported. For both corpora word recognition experiments were carried out with vocabularies containing up to 20k words. The recognizer makes use of continuous density HMM with Gaussian mixture for acoustic modeling and n-gram statistics estimated on the newspaper texts for language modeling. The recognizer uses a time-synchronous graph-search strategy which is shown to still be viable with a 20k-word vocabulary when used with bigram back-off language models. A second forward pass, which makes use of a word graph generated with the bigram, incorporates a trigram language model. Acoustic modeling uses cepstrum-based features, context-dependent phone models (intra and interword), phone duration models, and sex-dependent models.
A Computerized System for the Elastic Matching of Deformed Radiographic Images to Idealized Atlas Images (1983)

A system of computer programs is described which, for the first time, is able to use computerized tomographic data to automatically locate, measure, and describe anatomical structures of interest with accuracy and consistency. Input to the system consists of any digitized radiographic data. Computer assisted tomographic (CAT) scans of the head were used in this first implementation. Using these data and a predefined atlas picture representing an idealized view of the average normal image, an individualized atlas was created. From the individualized atlas, structure size, density, location displacement, and distortion may be calculated. The individualized atlas created using high resolution data, such as the CAT scan, may then be directly superimposed on pictures obtained using lower resolution modalities, such as positron emission tomographic scan images. This allows the precise location of structures poorly visualized by the secondary imaging modality. This system is capable of using either two- or three-dimensional data.
Spin-Orbit Torques in Topological Insulators (2015)

Spin torque can toggle magnetization state of nanomagnets in magnetic tunnel junctions. In heavy metals, giant Spin Hall Effect gives rise to a large spin-orbit torque (SOT) enabling magnetization switching of adjacent ferromagnets. Spin torque ratio is the key parameter in determining energy efficiency. Recently, a giant SOT was demonstrated in topological insulators (TIs), which are a class of materials owing insulating bulk and metallic surface states. Although several theoretical studies show that spin-momentum locking of surface states generates this giant SOT, experimental clarification is still lacking. In this thesis, we use the second-harmonic anomalous Hall resistance to access the current-induced spin-orbit fields (and thus SOTs). Heavy metal/ferromagnet hetoerstructure, Ta/CoFeB/MgO, is used to verify the validation of this method. Then, we quantitatively estimate the SOT in different TI/chromium-doped TI heterostructures with different magnetic dopant positions, which shows the evidence of surface states originated SOTs. At last, we show that the magnitude of SOTs can be controlled by the gate voltage due to its semiconducting nature. All these studies may contribute to the future low power spintronics.
Strain Anisotropies and Self‐Limiting Capacities in Single‐Crystalline 3D Silicon Microstructures: Models for High Energy Density Lithium‐Ion Battery Anodes (2011)

Abstract This study examines the crystallographic anisotropy of strain evolution in model, single‐crystalline silicon anode microstructures on electrochemical intercalation of lithium atoms. The 3D hierarchically patterned single‐ crystalline silicon microstructures used as model anodes were prepared using combined methods of photolithography and anisotropic dry and wet chemical etching. Silicon anodes, which possesses theoretically ten times the energy density by weight compared to conventional carbon anodes, reveal highly anisotropic but more importantly, variably recoverable crystallographic strains during cycling. Model strain‐limiting silicon anode architectures that mitigate these impacts are highlighted. By selecting a specific design for the silicon anode microstructure, and exploiting the crystallographic anisotropy of strain evolution upon lithium intercalation to control the direction of volumetric expansion, the volume available for expansion and thus the charging capacity of these structures can be broadly varied. We highlight exemplary design rules for this self‐strain‐limited charging in which an anode can be variably optimized between capacity and stability. Strain‐limited capacities ranging from 677 mAhg −1 to 2833 mAhg −1 were achieved by constraining the area available for volumetric expansion via the design rules of the microstructures.
&lt;title&gt;Color holography using DuPont holographic recording films&lt;/title&gt; (1995)

DuPont has developed holographic photopolymer films capable of producing high diffraction efficiency in full-color volume holograms and holographic optical elements. The properties of these films allows for a greater range of applications than has been considered feasible for color holograms. The recording mechanism and methods for holographic color recording in these materials is considered. Methods for full-color mastering and copying to achieve optimal performance in three-color recording are discussed. Examples of full-color holograms are presented.
Dielectrical spectroscopy of canine myocardium during acute ischemia and hypoxia at frequency spectrum from 100 kHz to 6 GHz (2002)

We studied dielectrical properties of canine myocardium during acute ischemia and hypoxia using dielectrical spectroscopy method at frequency spectrum from 100 kHz to 6 GHz. This study was conducted on a group of six canines with acute ischemia and seven canines with hypoxia. Hypoxia (10% for 30 min) decreases myocardial resistance (rho), while the dielectrical permittivity (epsilon') of the myocardial tissue remains statistically unchanged. Acute ischemia for 2 hr causes significant frequency-dependent changes in both epsilon' and rho of myocardial tissue. Myocardial resistance increases, while the sign and amplitude of changes in the myocardial epsilon' are frequency and time dependent. These observations open up an opportunity for assessing the properties of myocardial tissue using dielectrical spectroscopy as well as noninvasively with the help of imaging methods based on electrical impedance and microwave tomography.
A switched-capacitor mm-wave VCO in 65 nm digital CMOS (2010)

A 34-40 GHz VCO fabricated in 65 nm digital CMOS technology is demonstrated in this paper. The VCO uses a combination of switched capacitors and varactors for tuning and has a maximum Kvco of 240 MHz/V. It exhibits a phase noise of better than -98 dBc/Hz @ 1-MHz offset across the band while consuming 12 mA from a 1.2-V supply, an FOM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> of -182.1 dBc/Hz. A cascode buffer following the VCO consumes 11 mA to deliver 0 dBm LO signal to a 50Ω load.
The two zinc fingers in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nucleocapsid protein are not functionally equivalent (1993)

The highly conserved zinc fingers in retroviral nucleocapsid (NC) proteins have the general structure Cys-(X)2-Cys-(X)4-His-(X)4-Cys. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) contains two Zn2+ fingers, and mutants were constructed in which the native sequence of each Zn2+ finger was maintained but their positions in the NC protein were changed. Mutants had either two first-finger sequences (pNC1/1), two second-finger sequences (pNC2/2), or reversed first- and second-finger sequences (pNC2/1). Cells transfected with mutant or wild-type clones produced similar levels of Tat, Gag, Pol, and Env proteins, formed syncytia, and shed viruslike particles that were indistinguishable by electron microscopy. However, the pNC2/1 and pNC2/2 mutants were inefficient in packaging genomic RNA (less than 15% of wild-type levels), whereas the pNC1/1 mutant packaged approximately 70% of wild-type levels of RNA. No infectious virus could be detected with either the pNC2/1 or pNC2/2 mutants, whereas the pNC1/1 mutant appeared to sustain a low level of replication and reverted to a competent wild-type-like viral species after a 2- to 4-week lag period. The data strongly suggest that the two Zn2+ fingers of HIV-1 are not functionally equivalent and that the first Zn2+ finger in the Gag precursor plays a more prominent role in RNA selection and packaging. The data also indicate that both Zn2+ fingers in the mature NC protein play as yet unknown roles in viral assembly or the early stages of the viral infection process.
Reactivity of a 6-Chloroimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine Derivative Towards Suzuki Cross-Coupling Reaction (2001)

The influence of base, reaction time and boronic acid in the Suzuki cross-coupling reaction on 6-chloro-2-(4-fluorophenyl)imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine is reported. The crystal data for the thien-2-yl compound 7 is also described.
Targeting Metastatic Prostate Cancer With Radiolabeled Monoclonal Antibody J591 to the Extracellular Domain of Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen (2003)

Radiolabeled J591 accurately targets bone and soft tissue metastatic prostate cancer sites, and may be useful for targeting therapeutic and/or diagnostic imaging agents.