gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Why Does the Cloud Stop Computing? (2016)

We conducted a cloud outage study (COS) of 32 popular Internet services. We analyzed 1247 headline news and public post-mortem reports that detail 597 unplanned outages that occurred within a 7-year span from 2009 to 2015. We analyzed outage duration, root causes, impacts, and fix procedures. This study reveals the broader availability landscape of modern cloud services and provides answers to why outages still take place even with pervasive redundancies.
Stereoselective Synthesis of a Dioxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane SGLT2 Inhibitor (2010)

A promising class of SGLT2 inhibitors bearing a unique dioxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane motif was recently disclosed. An improved stereoselective synthesis providing efficient access to one of the most potent and selective compounds from this class is reported. A one-pot deprotection/cyclization was used as the key step to form the dioxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane motif with full control of stereochemistry. Using an appropriately substituted aryl group, the route enables the synthesis of any given compound from the class.
Frequency modulation detection using high-<i>Q</i> cantilevers for enhanced force microscope sensitivity (1991)

A new frequency modulation (FM) technique has been demonstrated which enhances the sensitivity of attractive mode force microscopy by an order of magnitude or more. Increased sensitivity is made possible by operating in a moderate vacuum (&amp;lt;10−3 Torr), which increases the Q of the vibrating cantilever. In the FM technique, the cantilever serves as the frequency determining element of an oscillator. Force gradients acting on the cantilever cause instantaneous frequency modulation of the oscillator output, which is demodulated with a FM detector. Unlike conventional ‘‘slope detection,’’ the FM technique offers increased sensitivity through increased Q without restricting system bandwidth. Experimental comparisons of FM detection in vacuum (Q∼50 000) versus slope detection in air (Q∼100) demonstrated an improvement of more than 10 times in sensitivity for a fixed bandwidth. This improvement is evident in images of magnetic transitions on a thin-film CoPtCr magnetic disk. In the future, the increased sensitivity offered by this technique should extend the range of problems accessible by force microscopy.
Pharmacogenetics of acute azathioprine toxicity: Relationship to thiopurine methyltransferase genetic polymorphism (1989)

Azathioprine therapy can cause acute myelosuppression. Toxicity is in part caused by the incorporation of azathioprine-derived 6-thioguanine nucleotides (6-TGN) into deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). The enzyme thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) plays an important role in azathioprine catabolism. TPMT activity is controlled by a common genetic polymorphism, and one in 300 subjects has very low enzyme activity. Azathioprine was withdrawn in five study patients because of acute myelosuppression. The duration of azathioprine treatment was 21 to 70 days (median, 28), and the daily oral dose was 1.0 to 2.5 mg/kg. Sixteen control patients who had been taking oral azathioprine (1.1 to 2.0 mg/kg daily for more than 6 months) with no history of myelosuppression were studied. All subjects had normal liver and kidney function. When compared with the control group, the five patients with myelosuppression had very low TPMT activities and abnormally high 6-TGN concentrations. Inherited low TPMT activity appears to be a major risk factor for acute azathioprine-induced myelosuppression.
Wide-area Internet traffic patterns and characteristics (1997)

The Internet is rapidly growing in number of users, traffic levels, and topological complexity. At the same time it is increasingly driven by economic competition. These developments render the characterization of network usage and workloads more difficult, and yet more critical. Few recent studies have been published reporting Internet backbone traffic usage and characteristics. At MCI, we have implemented a high-performance, low-cost monitoring system that can capture traffic and perform analyses. We have deployed this monitoring tool on OC-3 trunks within the Internet MCI's backbone and also within the NSF-sponsored vBNS. This article presents observations on the patterns and characteristics of wide-area Internet traffic, as recorded by MCI's OC-3 traffic monitors. We report on measurements from two OC-3 trunks in MCI's commercial Internet backbone over two time ranges (24-hour and 7-day) in the presence of up to 240,000 flows. We reveal the characteristics of the traffic in terms of packet sizes, flow duration, volume, and percentage composition by protocol and application, as well as patterns seen over the two time scales.
Transgenic pigs designed to express human CD59 and H‐transferase to avoid humoral xenograft rejection (2002)

Research in pig-to-primate xenotransplantation aims to solve the increasing shortage of organs for human allotransplantation and develop new cell- and tissue-based therapies. Progress towards its clinical application has been hampered by the presence of xenoreactive natural antibodies that bind to the foreign cell surface and activate complement, causing humoral graft rejection. Genetic engineering of donor cells and animals to express human complement inhibitors such as hCD59 significantly prolonged graft survival. Strategies to decrease the deposition of natural antibodies were also developed. Expression of human alpha1,2-fucosyltransferase (H transferase, HT) in pigs modifies the cell-surface carbohydrate phenotype resulting in reduced Galalpha1,3-Gal expression and decreased antibody binding. We have developed transgenic pigs that coexpress hCD59 and HT in various cells and tissues to address both natural antibody binding and complement activation. Functional studies with peripheral blood mononuclear cells and aortic endothelial cells isolated from the double transgenic pigs showed that coexpression of hCD59 and HT markedly increased their resistance to human serum-mediated lysis. This resistance was greater than with cells transgenic for either hCD59 or HT alone. Moreover, transgene expression was enhanced and protection maintained in pig endothelial cells that were exposed for 24 h to pro-inflammatory cytokines. These studies suggest that engineering donor pigs to express multiple molecules that address different humoral components of xenograft rejection represents an important step toward enhancing xenograft survival and improving the prospect of clinical xenotransplantation.
Soluble α-Klotho and Its Relation to Kidney Function and Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 (2014)

CKD patients with s-α-klotho below 204 pg/mL had higher age, lower phosphate clearance, and lower bone-specific alkaline phosphatase. An association of s-α-klotho with eGFR was observed only in the presence of close to normal, but not high, FGF-23 concentrations. Cholecalciferol treatment did not change s-α-klotho concentrations.
A compression algorithm for DNA sequences and its applications in genome comparison (2000)

We present a lossless compression algorithm, Gen-Compress, for DNA sequences, based on searching for approximate repeats. Our algorithm achieves the best compression ratios for benchmark DNA sequences, comparing to other DNA compression programs [3, 7]. Significantly better compression results show that the approximate repeats are one of the main hidden regularities in DNA sequences.
The Effect of Nitric Oxide on Platelets When Delivered to the Cardiopulmonary Bypass Circuit (1999)

Nitric oxide (NO) decreases platelet adhesion to foreign surfaces in the in vitro models of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). We hypothesized that NO, delivered into the membrane oxygenator (MO), would exert a platelet-sparing effect after CPB. Forty-seven patients scheduled for coronary artery surgery were randomized to either a NO group, in which NO (100 ppm) was delivered into the MO, or a control group, in which CPB was conducted without NO. Platelet numbers, platelet aggregation response to 2.5–20 μM adenosine diphosphate, and β-thromboglobulin levels were measured after induction of anesthesia, after 1 h on CPB and 2 h after the end of CPB. Met-hemoglobin levels were measured during CPB. The amount of blood products administered and chest tube drainage were measured in the first postoperative 18 h. NO delivered into the MO for up to 180 min did not increase met-hemoglobin levels above 4%. NO inhibited the platelet aggregation response to 2.5 μM ADP during CPB, otherwise NO had no other detectable effect on the aggregation responses or the levels of β-thromboglobulin. Platelet numbers were not significantly altered by NO. NO did not alter the use of blood products or chest tube drainage. In conclusion, this study suggests that NO delivered into the MO of the CPB circuit does not significantly alter platelet aggregation and numbers, and does not affect bleeding. Implications Nitric oxide affects platelet function. We demonstrated that nitric oxide delivered into the gas inflow of the cardiopulmonary bypass circuit membrane oxygenator does not significantly alter platelet numbers or function.
Characterization of the prolactin receptor in human prostate (1983)

The uptake of 125I-labelled human prolactin by subcellular fractions obtained from the human hyperplastic prostate was investigated and the specific binding sites were characterized. The binding was both time- and temperature-dependent with maximum specific uptake achieved after incubation for 20 h at 4 degrees C (dissociation constant = 2.4 x 10(-10) mol/l). The present studies also indicate that the bulk of the specific prolactin binding was confined to the 105 000 and 15 000 g membrane fractions whilst the cytosol and nuclear pellet exhibited a lower capacity for the peptide hormone. Attempts to optimize the binding revealed that pretreatment of the subcellular fractions with 4 mol MgCl2/l quadrupled the binding sites; a similar effect was produced after pretreatment with dextran-coated charcoal, but the changes were less pronounced. Furthermore, our studies suggest that the binding was specific for the human prolactin, with other hormones such as ovine prolactin, human LH, human FSH and human GH showing little or no competition. The addition of magnesium and copper ions to the incubation medium also markedly increased the specific binding, whereas calcium, manganese and EDTA inhibited the prolactin uptake. Freezing and storage of tissue at -70 degrees C did not greatly affect the binding sites. The results suggest that we are clearly dealing with a specific prolactin-binding protein.
Avertissement (entrée des fantômes) (2009)

Chérie, les photos sont belles, les photos sont indispensables, mais elles sont aussi un tourment.Franz Kafka, Lettres à Felice L’histoire est forcément connue, puisqu’elle figure dans toutes les histoires de la photographie. C’est l’histoire dans l’Histoire et c’est une histoire de famille, déjà. Baudelaire n’aimait pas la photographie, il la détestait. On a encore en mémoire le violent anathème qu’il jeta à son endroit. « Jours déplorables » qui ont vu naître la triviale image et destin de ...
Pressure Transient Testing Under Multiphase Flow Conditions (2011)

Abstract Although pressure transient testing technology was developed assuming single phase flow in the reservoir, multiphase flow conditions are the norm rather than the exception. The single-phase flow assumption is valid for oil reservoirs above the bubble point pressure with no water production and relatively dry gas reservoirs. For oil reservoirs below the bubble point pressure, gas condensate reservoirs below the dew point pressure and fields producing water, the multiphase flow effects should be considered in transient test analysis. Several attempts have been reported in the literature to handle multiphase flow effects (e.g., Perrine 1956, Martin 1959 and Raghavan 1976). A recent multiphase testing method to calculate the absolute permeability of the reservoir and the average fluid saturations at the time of a transient test has been proposed (Kamal and Pan 2010). This paper briefly describes the three methods, presents results of using them to analyze example synthetic data and shows a field example illustrating lessons learned and best practices to use the recent approach. The recently proposed method has been validated through analyses of synthetic data and, as the field example shows, that the same absolute permeability calculated when a field was producing only oil above the bubble point pressure, was obtained when the reservoir pressure dropped below the bubble point and both oil and gas were being produced. Another example leads to the same conclusion when an oil field is producing under oil-water two-phase flow condition and water saturation changes at different stages of the field life. A major advantage of the method has also been illustrated (Kamal and Pan 2010) through yet another field example where it showed how to separate the effects of various factors (e.g., multiphase flow, compaction, etc.) on changing the value of permeability.
An Improved Bonferroni Procedure for Multiple Tests of Significance (1986)

A modification of the Bonferroni procedure for testing multiple hypotheses is presented. The method, based on the ordered p-values of the individual tests, is less conservative than the classical Bonferroni procedure but is still simple to apply. A simulation study shows that the probability of a type I error of the procedure does not exceed the nominal significance level, α, for a variety of multivariate normal and multivariate gamma test statistics. For independent tests the procedure has type I error probability equal to α. The method appears particularly advantageous over the classical Bonferroni procedure when several highly-correlated test statistics are involved.
A Hybrid Video Coder Based on H.264 with Matching Pursuits (2006)

We present a novel video coding system based on the motion compensation and estimation model of H.264 and a hybrid wavelet/matching pursuits image coder for residual frames. After wavelet pretransformation, a high performance matching pursuits codebook is used to find a series of atoms which are coded by the MERGE coder. The combination of these two techniques produces a highly embedded data stream that can be easily truncated at any desired point. Optimum settings of some key parameters are investigated and a series of experiments are performed. The system works very efficiently and can outperform H.264 at low and medium bit rates
Recent trends in imaging for atrial fibrillation ablation. (2010)

Catheter ablation provides an important treatment option for patients with both paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation. It mainly involves pulmonary vein isolation and additional ablations in the left atrium in persistent cases. There have been significant advancements in this procedure to enhance the safety and effectiveness. One of them is the evolution of various imaging modalities to facilitate better visualization of the complex left atrial anatomy and the pulmonary veins in order to deliver the lesions accurately. In this article, we review the electroanatomic mapping systems including the magnetic-based and impedence-based systems. Each of these mapping systems has its own advantages and disadvantages. In addition, we also discuss the role of intracardiac echocardiography and three dimensional rotational angiography in atrial fibrillation ablation.
Expression, purification and characterization of recombinant human <i>N</i>-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulphatase (1995)

Full-length cDNA sequences encoding human N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulphatase were stably expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells under the transcriptional control of the human polypeptide chain elongation factor 1 alpha gene promoter. A clonal cell line overexpressing recombinant N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulphatase to a level of approx. 3 mg/l of culture medium was isolated. The secreted precursor enzyme was purified to homogeneity by a two-column procedure with an overall yield of 53% of the activity. The physical and catalytic parameters of the recombinant enzyme were similar to those of the mature form isolated from liver. On SDS/PAGE and gel filtration, recombinant N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulphatase had a native molecular mass of 58-60 kDa. Recombinant N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulphatase was endocytosed by mucopolysaccharidosis IVA fibroblasts via the mannose-6-phosphate receptor-mediated pathway and was efficiently localized to lysosomes.
Characterization of a new megakaryocytic cell line: the Dami cell (1988)

Abstract A new human megakaryocytic cell line (Dami) has been established from the blood of a patient with megakaryoblastic leukemia. The Dami cells grow primarily in suspension with a doubling time of 24 to 30 hours. By light and electron microscopy, the Dami cells range in size from 12 to 120 micron in diameter and have lobulated nuclei characteristic of megakaryocytes. At least 89% of the cells react with monoclonal antibodies against platelet glycoproteins (GP) Ib and IIB/IIIa, and glycophorin. The cells do not react with antibodies against lymphoid, monocyte, granulocyte, or macrophage antigens. Thirteen percent of the cells become polyploid, spontaneously achieving greater than 4N DNA ploidy levels. In response to phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), the proportion of cells with ploidy levels greater than 4N increased threefold and could be separated into discrete ploidy groups. PMA also increased the expression of GPIb, the GPIIb/GPIIIa complex,l and von Willebrand factor. Cytogenetic analysis revealed a human male hyperdiploid karyotype with a modal chromosome number of 54 to 64 and several consistent clonal chromosomal abnormalities. These included a partial deletion of chromosome 5 and a translocation involving chromosome 3. In contrast to other megakaryocytic cell lines in which only a small portion of the cells express the megakaryocytic phenotype, nearly all of the Dami cells express platelet glycoproteins. Thus, the Dami cells provide a superior model in which to study human megakaryocyte biochemistry and differentiation.
Incremental physical design (2000)

Incremental modification and optimization in VLSI Computer-Aided Design (CAD) is of fundamental importance. However, it has not been investigated as a discipline. Previous research and development effort is very unfocused and incomplete. Comprehensive study of incremental algorithms and solutions in the context of CAD tool development is an open area of research with a great deal of potential. Full understanding and focused participation in research and development in the area of incremental and dynamic would help us cope with the complexity of present day VLSI systems and facilitates concurrent optimization. In this paper we formulate and survey fundamental problems in incremental physical design. Preliminary solutions to a subset of these problems will be outlined.
D-Arg-[Hyp3-D-Phe7]-bradykinin, a bradykinin antagonist, reduces mortality in a rat model of endotoxic shock. (1989)

The kallikrein-kinin system is activated during endotoxic shock, suggesting that bradykinin plays a role in the pathology of this disease. To test this hypothesis, a bradykinin antagonist, D-Arg-Hyp3-D-Phe7-bradykinin (NPC 567), was studied in conscious, chronically catheterized rats undergoing lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxic shock. LPS treatment resulted in an increase in circulating bradykinin from less than 23 pg/ml to 144 +/- 18 pg/ml at 1 hr. Intravenous administration of LPS resulted in a 38% drop in mean arterial pressure at 1 hr which was partially reversed by NPC 567. NPC 567 did not affect the moderate tachycardia observed following LPS. NPC 567 infusion at 8 nmol/kg/min dramatically reduced mortality from 100% to 50% at 24 hr (P less than 0.01). In response to LPS, blood thromboxane B2 (TXB2) rose from less than 200 pg/ml to 2,298 +/- 64 pg/ml, while 6-keto-prostaglandin-F1 alpha (6kPGF1 alpha) rose from 289 +/- 23 pg/ml to 7,927 +/- 822 pg/ml. NPC 567 reduced the rise in 6kPGF1 alpha by 42% (P less than 0.05), without affecting TXB2. In summary, NPC 567 reduced mortality in rats treated with LPS, reduced the rise in 6kPGF1 alpha and partially reversed the hypotensive effects. These results suggest that bradykinin plays a significant role in the pathology of endotoxic shock.
Corneal multifocality with excimer laser for presbyopia correction (2009)

The level of scientific evidence from the literature is enough to consider that presbyLasik is a useful tool in the correction of presbyopia. However, most of the techniques are still under development in clinical investigations and further clinical data will validate the outcomes reported for the different techniques.
Model Studies of Membrane Disruption by Photogenerated Oxidative Assault (2010)

We have investigated the response of solid-supported phospholipid bilayers to short doses of photogenerated oxidative stress to characterize physical membrane changes during early phases of membrane oxidation. The low-dose oxidative stress is generated by uniformly exposing the bilayer samples using short-wavelength UV radiation (184-257 nm) for short periods (approximately 3 min) and resulting membrane morphological transformations characterized using a combination of wide-field epifluorescence microscopy and imaging ellipsometry measurements. Our results establish that the early phase of membrane oxidation is characterized by the nucleation and growth of discrete microscopic voids within the bilayer. The locations of the voids are randomly distributed throughout the sample surface, despite the uniform illumination. Over longer time scales, the voids continue to grow after the termination of the UV radiation. We also find that the voids heal as sample temperature is raised and that the supported bilayers consisting of fully saturated lipids are less susceptible to the mild oxidation conditions used, regardless of phase state. Analyzing these results in terms of (1) reactive-oxygen species mediated oxidative attack, (2) in situ generation of membrane oxidation products, and (3) their reequilibration between the membrane and the bulk aqueous phase explains the membrane morphological changes observed and provides insights into membrane perturbations following oxidative assault. Specifically, molecular properties of oxidation products (e.g., intrinsic curvature) account for formation and stabilization of voids within contiguous bilayers, and the long-term structural evolution is consistent with slow kinetics of the desorption of these oxidation products from the bilayer into bulk solution. A corollary benefit from our study is that the thermal properties of voids appear to offer a useful means to measure the thermal expansivity of supported membranes.
Light quality and adventitious rooting: a mini-review (2016)

Efficient adventitious rooting is a key process in the vegetative propagation of horticultural and woody species. A well-rooted cutting is essential for optimal growth and high quality plants. The use of spectral light quality to influence adventitious rooting has been studied for many years, but got a lot more attention since LEDs came on the market for horticultural practices. Contrasting results of the effect of light quality on adventitious rooting are reviewed in this Paper. Even though more fundamental research is needed to easily determine which light quality can be used for a specific species, the use of LEDs for adventitiuus rooting is promising. For in vitro plantlets implementation can he done easily, for in vivo cuttings, the use of LEDs seems also promising in a multi-layered system. The controlled environment will lead to a year-round high quality rooted cutting Production.