gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Protectors of Oxidative Stress Inhibit AB(1-42) Aggregation in vitro (2002)

Reactive oxygen species(ROS) have been investigated to have pivotal roles on amyloidogenecity of <TEX>$\beta-amyloidpeptide(A\beta)$</TEX>, the major component of senile plaques in Alzheimer's disease(AD) brain. Addition of radical scavengers is one of the on-going strategies for therapeutic treatment for AD patients. Hsp104 protein including two ATP binding sites from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as a molecular chaperone, was known to function as a protector of ROS generation when exposed to oxidative stress in our previous study. This observation has led us to investigate Hsp104 protein as a molecular mediator of <TEX>$A{\beta}$</TEX> aggregation in this study. We have developed a new way of expression for Hsp104 protein using GST-fusion tag. As we expected, formation of <TEX>$A{\beta}$</TEX> aggregate was protected by wild type Hsp104 protein, but not by the two ATP-binding site mutant, based on Thioflavin-T fluorescence. Interestingly, Hsp104 protein was observed to keep <TEX>$A{\beta}$</TEX> from forming aggregates independent of ATP binding. On the other hand, disaggregation of <TEX>$A{\beta}$</TEX> aggregates by wild type Hsp104 was totally dependent on the presence of ATP. On the other hand, mutant Hsp104 with two ATP binding sites altered exhibited no inhibition. Another effective antioxidant, hydrazine analogs of curcumin were also effective in <TEX>$A{\beta}$</TEX> fibrilization as protectors against oxidative stress. Based on these observations we conclude that Hsp104 and curcumin derivatives, as protectors of oxidative stress, inhibit <TEX>$A{\beta}$</TEX> aggregation in virto and can be candidates for therapeutic approaches in cure of some neurodegenerative disease.
Microscopy in vivo by nuclear magnetic resonance (1975)

A method of NMR diffraction of physiological studies is discussed. The apparatus, its use to provide one-dimensional, two-dimensional and three-dimensional images, and possible applications are described.
A Single Dominant Gene for Resistance to the Soybean Aphid in the Soybean Cultivar Dowling (2006)

The soybean aphid ( Aphis glycines Matsumura), a new pest of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.], rapidly spread throughout North America after its arrival in 2000 and caused millions of dollars in economic losses. At present, the application of insecticides is the only means to control the soybean aphid. However, genetic resistance to the aphid was recently discovered in soybean germplasm and the soybean cultivar Dowling was identified as having strong antibiosis‐type aphid resistance. The objective of this study was to determine the inheritance of resistance to the soybean aphid in Dowling. Resistance in F 1 , F 2 , and F 2 –derived F 3 (F 2:3 ) families from crosses between Dowling and the two susceptible soybean cultivars Loda and Williams 82 was analyzed. All F 1 plants were resistant to the aphid. Heterogeneity of segregation of F 2 plants in 14 Dowling × Loda F 2 families was nonsignificant ( P = 0.16), and pooled F 2 data, with 132 resistant to 45 susceptible plants, fit a 3:1 ratio ( P = 0.90). F 2 plants from Dowling × Williams 82 segregated 135 resistant to 44 susceptible, also fitting a 3:1 ratio ( P = 0.89). Segregation among the F 2:3 families fit a 1:2:1 monogenic inheritance pattern. These results indicated that a single dominant gene named Rag1 controlled resistance in Dowling. The monogenic dominant nature of resistance will enable breeders to rapidly convert existing susceptible cultivars to resistant cultivars using backcrossing procedures.
The microbiology of biological phosphorus removal in activated sludge systems (2003)

Activated sludge systems are designed and operated globally to remove phosphorus microbiologically, a process called enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR). Yet little is still known about the ecology of EBPR processes, the microbes involved, their functions there and the possible reasons why they often perform unreliably. The application of rRNA-based methods to analyze EBPR community structure has changed dramatically our understanding of the microbial populations responsible for EBPR, but many substantial gaps in our knowledge of the population dynamics of EBPR and its underlying mechanisms remain. This review critically examines what we once thought we knew about the microbial ecology of EBPR, what we think we now know, and what still needs to be elucidated before these processes can be operated and controlled more reliably than is currently possible. It looks at the history of EBPR, the currently available biochemical models, the structure of the microbial communities found in EBPR systems, possible identities of the bacteria responsible, and the evidence why these systems might operate suboptimally. The review stresses the need to extend what have been predominantly laboratory-based studies to full-scale operating plants. It aims to encourage microbiologists and process engineers to collaborate more closely and to bring an interdisciplinary approach to bear on this complex ecosystem.
Towards a universal approach for semantic interpretation of spreadsheets data (2020)

Spreadsheets are a popular way to represent and structure data and knowledge; in this connection semantic interpretation of spreadsheets data has become an active area of scientific research. In this paper, we propose a new approach for semantic interpretation of data extracted from spreadsheets with arbitrary layouts and styles. Analyzed spreadsheets are presented in the MS Excel format. In particular, our approach includes two stages: analyzing and transforming source spreadsheets to spreadsheets in a relational canonicalized form; annotating canonical spreadsheets by entities from a knowledge graph. At the first stage we use a rule-based approach implemented in the form of a domain-specific language called Cells Rule Language (CRL), and an original form of a canonical table. At the second stage we use an aggregated method for defining similarity between candidate entities and cell values that consists of the sequential application of five metrics and combining ranks obtained by each metric. Algorithms of each stage are implemented in the form of special software: TabbyXL and TabbyLD respectively. DBpedia is used as a knowledge graph. Experimental evaluations of our proposals are obtained for T2Dv2 and Troy200 corpuses, and they demonstrates the applicability of our approach and software for semantic spreadsheet data interpretation. The feature of the approach is its universality due to the use of the language for describing spreadsheets transformation rules, as well as an original canonical form. This feature provides processing large volumes of heterogeneous spreadsheets in various domains. This work is a part of the Tabby research project for software development of recognition, extraction, transformation and interpretation of data from spreadsheet tables with arbitrary layouts and styles.
Reliability properties of low voltage PZT ferroelectric capacitors and arrays (2004)

We report on the reliability properties of a high-density ferroelectric memory based on a 70nm thick MOCVD PZT process technology. We observe that the polycrystalline texture plays an important role in the electrical and reliability properties of these thin films. Data retention loss is primarily due to the imprint effect, which shows a 1.5eV "Time-to-Fail" activation energy. Good correlation is observed between stand alone test capacitors and memory arrays integrated into a 130nm, 5LM, Cu/FSG logic CMOS process. Excellent bit endurance properties are observed on fully packaged memory arrays, with no degradation up to 10/sup 13/ read/write cycles.
Self-Timed Iteration (1987)

This paper describes a technique for specifying, analyzing and implementing a series of computations using iterative, self-timed circuits. Even though the circuits iterate, they operate without clocking. The circuits do not require arbiters, have no possibility of synchronization failure, and function correctly independent of time delays. Each computation in the iteration can be a general function and is implemented using asynchronous, delay-independent logic which indicates its completion. A general implementation for self-timed iteration is presented; then, simplifying assumptions for specific implementations are shown which can reduce the amount of hardware required.
Development of a linear piston-type pulse power electric generator for powering electric guns (1993)

There is a vigorous program within the US Army to produce fieldable electric gun systems for both tactical and strategic defense missions. Princeton Combustion Research Laboratories proposes to develop its concept for a linear piston-type electric pulse-power generator capable of powering electric guns, both electromagnetic (EM rail and EM coil) guns and electrothermal (ET) guns, now under development. The pulse-power generator consists of a cylindrical armature pushed by gases from the combustion of fuel or propellant through an externally produced magnetic field. An arrangement of electrodes and connecting straps serves to extract current from the moving armature and to send it to an external load (the electric gun).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Hemodynamic and Gas Exchange Effects of Sildenafil in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Pulmonary Hypertension (2009)

In patients with COPD-associated PH, sildenafil improves pulmonary hemodynamics at rest and during exercise. This effect is accompanied by the inhibition of hypoxic vasoconstriction, which impairs arterial oxygenation at rest. The use of sildenafil in COPD should be done cautiously and under close monitoring of blood gases. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00491803).
Adsorption and Aggregation Properties of Norovirus GI and GII Virus-like Particles Demonstrate Differing Responses to Solution Chemistry (2010)

The transport properties (adsorption and aggregation behavior) of virus-like particles (VLPs) of two strains of norovirus ("Norwalk" GI.1 and "Houston" GII.4) were studied in a variety of solution chemistries. GI.1 and GII.4 VLPs were found to be stable against aggregation at pH 4.0-8.0. At pH 9.0, GI.1 VLPs rapidly disintegrated. The attachment efficiencies (α) of GI.1 and GII.4 VLPs to silica increased with increasing ionic strength in NaCl solutions at pH 8.0. The attachment efficiency of GI.1 VLPs decreased as pH was increased above the isoelectric point (pH 5.0), whereas at and below the isoelectric point, the attachment efficiency was erratic. Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) dramatically increased the attachment efficiencies of GI.1 and GII.4 VLPs, which may be due to specific interactions with the VLP capsids. Bicarbonate decreased attachment efficiencies for both GI.1 and GII.4 VLPs, whereas phosphate decreased the attachment efficiency of GI.1, while increasing GII.4 attachment efficiency. The observed differences in GI.1 and GII.4 VLP attachment efficiencies in response to solution chemistry may be attributed to differential responses of the unique arrangement of exposed amino acid residues on the capsid surface of each VLP strain.
<i>Use of Heart Rate as an Index of Work Output</i> (1957)

The work and recovery pulse rates of human beings exercising at different levels of activity have been shown to be of value in judging the intensity and duration of work performed. Because of the linear correlation existing between the oxygen consumption and pulse rate, at least at the beginning of the exercise, it is suggested that pulse rate can be used as an indirect measure in calorimetric studies. The main factors involved in muscular activity fatigue are those concerned with the supply of oxygen to the muscles and the dissipation of heat produced. These two factors are dependent on the ability of the circulating system to adapt itself to body requirements. Since the heart rate is directly affected by these circulatory changes, its use as an index of fatigue resulting from muscular activity is also suggested. Submitted on April 17, 1956
Atmospheric oxidation of poly(oxyethylene) alcohols. Identification of ethoxylated formates as oxidation products and study of their contact allergenic activity (1999)

Ethoxylated alcohols are widely used as surfactants. In the present study we have continued our investigations on the degradation with time upon air exposure of the ethoxylated alcohols at normal storage and handling. As a result, a new group of ethoxylated formates with the general formula C12H25(OCH2CH2)nOCHO (n = 0-4) was identified in C12H25(OCH2CH2)5OH stored and handled at room temperature. To facilitate the identification work, reference compounds were synthesized. The formates showed no allergenic activity in the sensitization studies performed. In previous investigations on the same ethoxylated alcohol, we have identified formaldehyde and ethoxylated aldehydes among the oxidation products formed. Formaldehyde is a common contact allergen, and the ethoxylated aldehydes were shown to have a sensitizing capacity of the same magnitude as formaldehyde. The instability of the ethoxylated alcohols and formation of oxidation products may give an allergenic contribution to hand eczema caused by work with water and surfactants. To investigate the clinical significance in man an appropriate diagnostic patch testing in exposed humans is required.
Opposing Roles for Complement Component C5a in Tumor Progression and the Tumor Microenvironment (2012)

Promoting complement (C) activation may enhance immunological mechanisms of anti-tumor Abs for tumor destruction. However, C activation components, such as C5a, trigger inflammation, which can promote tumor growth. We addressed the role of C5a on tumor growth by transfecting both human carcinoma and murine lymphoma with mouse C5a. In vitro growth kinetics of C5a, control vector, or parental cells revealed no significant differences. Tumor-bearing mice with C5a-transfected xenografted tumor cells had significantly less tumor burden as compared with control vector tumors. NK cells and macrophages infiltrated C5a-expressing tumors with significantly greater frequency, whereas vascular endothelial growth factor, arginase, and TNF-α production were significantly less. Tumor-bearing mice with high C5a-producing syngeneic lymphoma cells had significantly accelerated tumor progression with more Gr-1+CD11b+ myeloid cells in the spleen and overall decreased CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the tumor, tumor-draining lymph nodes, and the spleen. In contrast, tumor-bearing mice with low C5a-producing lymphoma cells had a significantly reduced tumor burden with increased IFN-γ-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the spleen and tumor-draining lymph nodes. These studies suggest concentration of local C5a within the tumor microenvironment is critical in determining its role in tumor progression.
A 30-ns 256-Mb DRAM with a multidivided array structure (1993)

A 256-Mb DRAM with a multidivided array structure has been developed and fabricated with 0.25- mu m CMOS technology. It features 30-ns access time, 16-b I/Os, and a 35-mA operating current at a 60-ns cycle time. Three key circuit technologies were used in its design: a partial cell array activation scheme for reducing power-line voltage bounce and operating current, a selective pull-up data-line architecture to increase I/O width and reduce power dissipation, and a time-sharing refresh scheme to maintain the conventional refresh period without reducing operational margin. Memory cell size was 0.72 mu m/sup 2/. Use of the trench isolated cell transistor and the HSG cylindrical stacked capacitor cells helped reduce chip size to 333 mm/sup 2/.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Post-traumatic stress disorder vs traumatic brain injury (2011)

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and traumatic brain injury (TBI) often coexist because brain injuries are often sustained in traumatic experiences. This review outlines the significant overlap between PTSD and TBI by commencing with a critical outline of the overlapping symptoms and problems of differential diagnosis. The impact of TBI on PTSD is then described, with increasing evidence suggesting that mild TBI can increase risk for PTSD. Several explanations are offered for this enhanced risk. Recent evidence suggests that impairment secondary to mild TBI is largely attributable to stress reactions after TBI, which challenges the long-held belief that postconcussive symptoms are a function of neurological insult This recent evidence is pointing to new directions for treatment of postconcussive symptoms that acknowledge that treating stress factors following TBI may be the optimal means to manage the effects of many TBIs,
Hypocretins Regulate the Anxiogenic-Like Effects of Nicotine and Induce Reinstatement of Nicotine-Seeking Behavior (2010)

Emerging evidence suggests that the hypocretinergic system is involved in addictive behavior. In this study, we investigated the role of these hypothalamic neuropeptides in anxiety-like responses of nicotine and stress-induced reinstatement of nicotine-seeking behavior. Acute nicotine (0.8 mg/kg, s.c.) induced anxiogenic-like effects in the elevated plus-maze and activated the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) as revealed by c-Fos expression. Pretreatment with the hypocretin receptor 1 (Hcrtr-1) antagonist SB334867 or preprohypocretin gene deletion blocked both nicotine effects. In the PVN, SB334867 also prevented the activation of corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF) and arginine-vasopressin (AVP) neurons, which expressed Hcrtr-1. In addition, an increase of the percentage of c-Fos-positive hypocretin cells in the perifornical and dorsomedial hypothalamic (PFA/DMH) areas was found after nicotine (0.8 mg/kg, s.c.) administration. Intracerebroventricular infusion of hypocretin-1 (Hcrt-1) (0.75 nmol/1 mul) or footshock stress reinstated a previously extinguished nicotine-seeking behavior. The effects of Hcrt-1 were blocked by SB334867, but not by the CRF1 receptor antagonist antalarmin. Moreover, SB334867 did not block CRF-dependent footshock-induced reinstatement of nicotine-seeking while antalarmin was effective in preventing this nicotine motivational response. Therefore, the Hcrt system interacts with CRF and AVP neurons in the PVN and modulates the anxiogenic-like effects of nicotine whereas Hcrt and CRF play a different role in the reinstatement of nicotine-seeking. Indeed, Hcrt-1 reinstates nicotine-seeking through a mechanism independent of CRF activation whereas CRF mediates the reinstatement induced by stress.
BLAST: a more efficient report with usability improvements (2013)

The Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) website at the National Center for Biotechnology (NCBI) is an important resource for searching and aligning sequences. A new BLAST report allows faster loading of alignments, adds navigation aids, allows easy downloading of subject sequences and reports and has improved usability. Here, we describe these improvements to the BLAST report, discuss design decisions, describe other improvements to the search page and database documentation and outline plans for future development. The NCBI BLAST URL is http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
Keynote 2: Versal: The new Xilinx Adaptive Compute Acceleration Platforms (ACAP) (2018)

Provides an abstract of the keynote presentation and may include a brief professional biography of the presenter. The complete presentation was not made available for publication as part of the conference proceedings.
Entanglement Coupling in Porcine Stomach Mucin (2002)

We present data from small angle neutron scattering (SANS) on the polyelectrolyte side chain liquid crystalline phases of porcine stomach mucin. There is a polydomain nematic phase at concentrations above the point of brush overlap. Also, the proteoglycans were seen to orient under the influence of a magnetic field at concentrations below which the brushes do not extensively overlap. The field can be used to investigate the nature of the entanglement coupling between the molecules. The structure factor peak scales as c1/3 across the complete concentration range, implying liquidlike behavior (0.4−680 mg/mL). The rheological data present evidence for shear thinning with four regimes: dilute, semidilute, entangled polydomain liquid crystalline, and entangled liquid crystalline. The length and cross-sectional radius of the polymeric brushes could be measured with SANS. Static light scattering and SANS provide evidence for the changes in osmotic compressibility between dilute, semidilute, and entangled brush phases.
Potluck (2018)

Emerging mobile applications, such as cognitive assistance and augmented reality (AR) based gaming, are increasingly computation-intensive and latency-sensitive, while running on resource-constrained devices. The standard approaches to addressing these involve either offloading to a cloud(let) or local system optimizations to speed up the computation, often trading off computation quality for low latency. Instead, we observe that these applications often operate on similar input data from the camera feed and share common processing components, both within the same (type of) applications and across different ones. Therefore, deduplicating processing across applications could deliver the best of both worlds. In this paper, we present Potluck, to achieve approximate deduplication. At the core of the system is a cache service that stores and shares processing results between applications and a set of algorithms to process the input data to maximize deduplication opportunities. This is implemented as a background service on Android. Extensive evaluation shows that Potluck can reduce the processing latency for our AR and vision workloads by a factor of 2.5 to 10.
Interactions of Warfarin with Drugs and Food (1994)

Many drugs and foods interact with warfarin, including antibiotics, drugs affecting the central nervous system, and cardiac medications. Many of these drug interactions increase warfarin's anticoagulant effect.
Solvent-Free Asymmetric Olefin Hydroformylation Catalyzed by Highly Cross-Linked Polystyrene-Supported (<i>R,S</i>)-BINAPHOS−Rh(I) Complex (2003)

Using an (R,S)-BINAPHOS-Rh(I) catalyst that is covalently anchored to a highly cross-linked polystyrene support, asymmetric hydroformylation of olefins was performed in the absence of organic solvents. The reaction of cis-2-butene, a gaseous substrate, provided (S)-2-methylbutanal with 100% regioselectivity and 82% ee upon treatment with H(2) (12 atm) and CO (12 atm) in a batchwise reactor equipped with a fixed bed. The polymer-supported catalyst was applicable to a continuous vapor-flow column reactor, and thus, 3,3,3-trifluoropropene was converted into (S)-2-trifluoromethylpropanal with an iso/normal ratio of 95/5 and 90% ee. Less volatile olefins, such as styrene, vinyl acetate, 1-alkenes, and fluorinated alkenes, were successfully converted into the corresponding isoaldehydes with high ee values, when they were injected through a supercritical CO(2)-flow column reactor. Successive injection of a series of olefins realized the conversion of an olefin library into an optically active aldehyde library.
HAPTIC EXPLORATION OF VIRTUAL BUILDINGS USING NON-REALISTIC HAPTIC RENDERING (2000)

This paper argues that the goal of reducing the differences between features within a 3D model and the use of 3D haptic space of the force feedback device is not necessarily desirable. We present the idea of a non-realistic haptic rendering system. We examine in detail the mapping of 3D data structures onto 3D haptic space and show the use of information layers which are based on a logical decomposition of the information space to be presented, rather than a purely geometric decomposition of an underlying geomertic model. As an example for the different techniques we use the virtual reconstruction of the palace of Otto the Great.