gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Antitumor Activity of T Cells Engineered to Express T-Cell Receptors with a Second Disulfide Bond (2007)

Adoptive transfer of genetically T-cell receptor (TCR)-modified lymphocytes has been recently reported to cause objective cancer regression. However, a major limitation to this approach is the mispairing of the introduced chains with the endogenous TCR subunits, which leads to reduced TCR surface expression and, subsequently, to their lower biological activity. We here show that it is possible to improve TCR gene transfer by adding a single cysteine on each receptor chain to promote the formation of an additional interchain disulfide bond. We show that cysteine-modified receptors were more highly expressed on the surface of human lymphocytes compared with their wild-type counterparts and able to mediate higher levels of cytokine secretion and specific lysis when cocultured with specific tumor cell lines. Furthermore, cysteine-modified receptors retained their enhanced function in CD4(+) lymphocytes. We also show that this approach can be employed to enhance the function of humanized and native murine receptors in human cells. Preferential pairing of cysteine-modified receptor chains accounts for these observations, which could have significant implications for the improvement of TCR gene therapy.
Intellectual capital and the capital market – organisation and competence (2003)

This paper explores the organisation of the information market and its ability to process intellectual capital information for capital markets. Discusses also incentives for market participants to create and use information on the role of intellectual capital (IC) in corporate value creation, and the capability of the market for information to process and use such information in the stock market valuation of companies. Particular attention is paid to corporate disclosure of, and fund manager use of, such information. The analysis also extends the idea of a knowledge‐intensive value creation process to fund managers and analysts. Problems within corporate, fund manager, and analysts knowledge‐intensive value creation chains are considered to be a source of barriers to the creation and use of corporate IC information in markets. Further research on these chains and barriers is required to improve the flow of IC information into stock prices.
Sodium-catalyzed Side Chain Aralkylation of Alkylbenzenes with Styrene<sup>1</sup> (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSodium-catalyzed Side Chain Aralkylation of Alkylbenzenes with Styrene1Herman Pines and Dieter WunderlichCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 22, 6001–6004Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01555a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01555a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views279Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An algorithm for real-time tracking of non-rigid objects (1991)

We describe an algorithm for tracking an unknown object in natural scenes. We require that the object's approximate initial location be available, and further assume that the it ean be distinguished from the background by motion or stereo. No constraint is placed on the object's shape, other than that it not change too rapidly from frame to frame. Objects are tracked and segmented cross-temporally using a massively parallel bottom-up approach. Our algorithm has been implemented on a Connection Machine, and runs in real time 15-20 frames per second).
Control of T‐cell activation by CD4<sup>+</sup> CD25<sup>+</sup> suppressor T cells (2001)

Depletion of the minor ( approximately 10%) subpopulation of CD4+ T cells that co-expresses CD25 (interleukin (IL)-2 receptor alpha-chain) by thymectomy of neonates on the third day of life or by treatment of adult CD4+ T cells with anti-CD25 and complement results in the development of organ-specific autoimmunity. Autoimmune disease can be prevented by reconstitution of the animals with CD4+ CD25+ cells. CD4+ CD25+-mediated protection of autoimmune gastritis does not require the suppressor cytokines IL-4, IL-10, or transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta. Mice that express a transgenic T-cell receptor (TCR) derived from a thymectomized newborn that recognizes the gastric parietal cell antigen H/K ATPase all develop severe autoimmune gastritis very early in life. CD4+ CD25+ T cells are also powerful suppressors of the activation of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in vitro. Suppression is mediated by a cell contact-dependent, cytokine-independent T-T interaction. Activation of CD4+ CD25+ via their TCR generates suppressor effector cells that are capable of non-specifically suppressing the activation of any CD4+ or CD8+ T cell. Activation of suppressor effector function is independent of co-stimulation mediated by CD28/CTLA-4 interactions with CD80/CD86. We propose that CD4+ CD25+ T cells recognize organ-specific antigens, are recruited to sites of autoimmune damage where they are activated by their target antigen, and then physically interact with autoreactive CD4+ or CD8+ effector cells to suppress the development of autoimmune disease.
Rational Recovery (1996)

Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) remains the most widely utilized approach for the treatment of addictions in the United States. However, due to a need for alternatives within the field of addictions, it is clear that additional. approaches be developed. The following article addresses the specifics of one such approach, Rational Recovery (RR). The theoretical foundations and influences of RR are discussed below, as well as the therapeutic principles and processes proposed by Jack Trimpey, the founder of RR.
Childhood Asthma after Bacterial Colonization of the Airway in Neonates (2007)

Neonates colonized in the hypopharyngeal region with S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, or M. catarrhalis, or with a combination of these organisms, are at increased risk for recurrent wheeze and asthma early in life.
Multiparameter Flow Cytometry of Bacteria (2004)

The small size of bacteria makes some microbial constituents undetectable or measurable with only limited precision by flow cytometry. Bacteria may also behave differently from eukaryotes in terms of their interaction with dyes, drugs, and other reagents. It is therefore difficult to design multiparameter staining protocols that work, unmodified, across a wide range of bacterial species. This chapter describes reliable flow cytometric methods for assessment of the physiologic states of Gram-negative organisms, on the one hand, and Gram-positive organisms, on the other, based on measurement of membrane potential and membrane permeability. These techniques are useful in the assessment of effects of environmental conditions and antimicrobial agents on microorganisms.
Hypoxia-induced elevation in interleukin-8 expression by human ovarian carcinoma cells. (1999)

The expression level of interleukin-8 (IL-8) directly correlates with the progression of human ovarian carcinomas implanted into the peritoneal cavity of nude mice, but the mechanism of induction is unknown. Because hypoxia induces expression of vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular permeability factor, which, like IL-8, is an angiogenesis-regulating molecule, we determined whether hypoxic conditions could regulate the expression of IL-8. Surgical specimens of human ovarian carcinomas were prepared for immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization analysis. Elevated levels of IL-8 mRNA and protein were found in tumor cells adjacent to necrotic zones. In vitro exposure of human ovarian carcinoma cell lines SKOV3 i.p.1 and Hey-A8 to hypoxia resulted in a time-dependent increase in steady-state levels of IL-8 mRNA (Northern blot) and in increased production and secretion of IL-8 protein (ELISA). Hypoxia-mediated transient induction of IL-8 expression could be ascribed to both an increase in IL-8 mRNA stability and transcriptional activation of the IL-8 gene promoter. Detailed functional analysis of the IL-8 promoter revealed that the sequence between -133 and -98 bp relative to the transcription initiation site was primarily responsible for IL-8 gene transcriptional activation by hypoxia. Point-mutated luciferase reporter studies indicated that AP-1 and NF-kappaB-like factor binding elements were mainly responsible for hypoxia-induced increase in IL-8 gene expression in human ovarian cancer cells, and that IL-8 transcription activation by hypoxia required the cooperation of NF-kappaB and AP-1 binding sites.
Plasmonic Copper Sulfide Nanocrystals Exhibiting Near-Infrared Photothermal and Photodynamic Therapeutic Effects (2015)

Recently, plasmonic copper sulfide (Cu2-xS) nanocrystals (NCs) have attracted much attention as materials for photothermal therapy (PTT). Previous reports have correlated photoinduced cell death to the photothermal heat mechanism of these NCs, and no evidence of their photodynamic properties has been reported yet. Herein we have prepared physiologically stable near-infrared (NIR) plasmonic copper sulfide NCs and analyzed their photothermal and photodynamic properties, including therapeutic potential in cultured melanoma cells and a murine melanoma model. Interestingly, we observe that, besides a high PTT efficacy, these copper sulfide NCs additionally possess intrinsic NIR induced photodynamic activity, whereupon they generate high levels of reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo acute toxic responses of copper sulfide NCs were also elicited. This study highlights a mechanism of NIR light induced cancer therapy, which could pave the way toward more effective nanotherapeutics.
Backside-illuminated silicon photodiode array for an integrated spectrometer (1997)

A p/sup +/-n, backside-illuminated photodiode array, to be used in an integrated silicon spectrometer, has been fabricated and characterized. For this type of application, illumination from the back is essential. The array is suspended in a nitride membrane for enhanced electrical and thermal isolation from the micromachined bulk. To prevent illumination from the front, the array is entirely covered with an aluminum layer, which also enhances the spectral responsivity. A model is described with which the performance of the backside-illuminated array was predicted. Furthermore, the performance of the photodiode array is compared to that of a conventional, front-illuminated array.
Compression of tactical real-valued SAR imagery in the complex SAR phase history domain (2005)

This paper introduces a technique that exploits the statistical properties of complex synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data to effectively compress the information required to produce tactical real-valued SAR imagery. Performing the compression on the complex data as opposed to the real-valued image enables the inherent sinusoidal structure of the radar returns to be modeled. The compression technique also takes advantage of the fact that the phase information in the complex SAR data is discarded in the image formation process. This enables a vocoding technique where white noise is passed through the source model to effectively recreate the frequencies required to reconstruct the SAR image. Line spectral pairs are used to quantized the model parameters and a 45:1 compression ratio is achieved with very little loss in perceptual image quality compared to the JPEG standard.
Heat Transfer Analysis Of A Multiphase Oxygen Reactor Heated By A Helical Tube In The Cu-Cl Cycle Of A Hydrogen Production (2016)

In the thermochemical water splitting process by Cu-Cl cycle, oxygen gas is produced by an endothermic thermolysis process at a temperature of 530<sup>o</sup>C. Oxygen production reactor is a three-phase reactor involving cuprous chloride molten salt, copper oxychloride solid reactant and oxygen gas. To perform optimal performance, the oxygen reactor requires accurate control of heat transfer to the molten salt and decomposing solid particles within the thermolysis reactor. In this paper, the scale up analysis of the oxygen reactor that is heated by an internal helical tube is performed from the perspective of heat transfer. A heat balance of the oxygen reactor is investigated to analyze the size of the reactor that provides the required heat input for different rates of hydrogen production. It is found that the helical tube wall and the service side constitute the largest thermal resistances of the oxygen reactor system. In the analysis of this paper, the Cu-Cl cycle is assumed to be heated by two types of nuclear reactor, which are HTGR and CANDU SCWR. It is concluded that using CANDU SCWR requires more heat transfer rate by 3-4 times than that when using HTGR. The effect of the reactor aspect ratio is also studied and it is found that increasing the aspect ratio decreases the number of reactors and the rate of decrease in the number of reactors decreases by increasing the aspect ratio. Comparisons between the results of this study and pervious results of material balances in the oxygen reactor show that the size of the oxygen reactor is dominated by the heat balance rather than the material balance.
Tip sharpening by normal and reverse electrochemical etching (1993)

This article deals with the characteristics and formation by electrochemical etching under ac voltage of very sharp metal tips usable in several applications and in particular in scanning probe microscopy [scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and atomic force microscopy]. An exhaustive survey of other existing mechanical and physicochemical procedures for producing sharp tips is also included for background comparison. Because tip sharpness is central to the atomic or near-atomic resolution attainable by STM, yet appears to be so far incompletely studied or documented in the literature, it is argued that high-resolution evidence is required for proper tip characterization as a prerequisite toward adequate performance in the nanometer range. Although atomic-resolution imaging of two-dimensional (flat) surfaces by STM has been possible with tips of ill defined or large apex radii, comparable performance on three-dimensional (rough) surfaces requires the use of tips with sleek shanks and apex radii smaller than or at least commensurate with the desired resolution. The central role played in electrochemical etching under ac voltage by bubble dynamics in shaping the tip apex is analyzed. Experimental results embodied in high-magnification micrographs obtained by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy are presented to illustrate both the intrinsic limitation imposed by large apex radii usually obtained by electrochemical etching in normal configuration (tip oriented downward) and the greatly enhanced sharpening action of the reverse configuration (tip oriented upward) that produces ultrasharp tips of nanometer and subnanometer apex dimensions (nanotips).
Nanogel-based delivery of mycophenolic acid ameliorates systemic lupus erythematosus in mice (2013)

The ability to selectively inactivate immune cells with immunosuppressants is a much sought-after modality for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus and autoimmunity in general. Here, we designed and tested a novel nanogel drug delivery vehicle for the immunosuppressant mycophenolic acid (MPA). Treatment with MPA-loaded nanogels increased the median survival time (MST) of lupus-prone NZB/W F1 mice by 3 months with prophylactic use (MST was 50 weeks versus 38 weeks without treatment), and by 2 months when administered after the development of severe renal damage (MST after proteinuria onset was 12.5 weeks versus 4 weeks without treatment). Equivalent and greater doses of MPA administered in buffer were not efficacious. Nanogels had enhanced biodistribution to organs and association with immune cells. CD4-targeted nanogels yielded similar therapeutic results compared with nontargeted formulations, with protection from glomerulonephritis and decreases in IFN-γ-positive CD4 T cells. DCs that internalized nanogels helped mediate immunosuppression, as they had reduced production of inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-γ and IL-12. Our results demonstrate efficacy of nanogel-based lupus therapy and implicate a mechanism by which immunosuppression is enhanced, in part, by the targeting of antigen-presenting cells.
Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy and Jejunostomy for Long‐Term Feeding in Patients with Cancer of the Head and Neck (1989)

Enteral feeding is often required in patients with cancer of the head and neck. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomies (PEGs) and jejunostomies (PEJs) can facilitate enteral feeding in patients who require this treatment. The endoscopic technique allows for the placement of feeding gastrostomies and jejunostomies without a surgical procedure and eliminates the need for nasal tubes for long-term enteral feeding. Forty-two patients with head and neck tumors were referred for placement of PEGs because of severe dysphagia induced by tumors, surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy. The procedure was performed in the gastroenterology suite. Patients were sedated with intravenous meperidine and diazepam, and local anesthetic with lidocaine was applied to the area of incision. Average procedure time was approximately 20 minutes. The procedure was successful in 39 patients in whom tubes were placed ranging in diameter from 15F to 22F. PEGs were placed in 36 patients with intact stomachs and PEJs in three patients with previous gastrectomies. The remaining three procedures were unsuccessful because of technical reasons. There were three localized skin infections, and all responded to antibiotic therapy. Neither peritonitis nor any other immediate complication occurred. In 16 nonhospitalized patients, the procedure was performed on an outpatient basis. After a mean followup of 4.5 +/- 6 months of enteral feeding in the home, there was only one case of aspiration and subsequent pneumonia, and this case responded to antibiotics. No other long-term complications were noted. Thus feeding gastrostomies and jejunostomies can be placed safely and easily in patients with cancers of the head and neck by endoscopic methods without abdominal surgery. These tubes can be used for enteral feeding and eliminate the need for nasogastric tubes. They are better tolerated, are of a wider diameter, and have a reduced risk for migration, clogging, and aspiration-related complications.
A Neural Grammatical Error Correction System Built On Better Pre-training and Sequential Transfer Learning (2019)

Grammatical error correction can be viewed as a low-resource sequence-to-sequence task, because publicly available parallel corpora are limited. To tackle this challenge, we first generate erroneous versions of large unannotated corpora using a realistic noising function. The resulting parallel corpora are subsequently used to pre-train Transformer models. Then, by sequentially applying transfer learning, we adapt these models to the domain and style of the test set. Combined with a context-aware neural spellchecker, our system achieves competitive results in both restricted and low resource tracks in ACL 2019 BEA Shared Task. We release all of our code and materials for reproducibility.
Electromagnetic Properties and Morphology of Ag-Sheathed Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O Superconducting Wires (1989)

The critical current density ( J c ) in Ag-sheathed Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconducting wire increased to 17,400 A/cm 2 in a zero magnetic field. The magnetic field dependence of J c was improved according to the increase of J c in a zero magnetic field. Fine, dispersed, nonsuperconducting phases were observed through SEM and TEM. These phases are expected to act as pinning sites.
Liphagal, a Selective Inhibitor of PI3 Kinase α Isolated from the Sponge <i>Aka </i><i>c</i><i>oralliphaga</i>:  Structure Elucidation and Biomimetic Synthesis (2005)

[structure: see text] Liphagal (1), a selective inhibitor of PI3K alpha, has been isolated from the marine sponge Aka coralliphaga collected in Dominica. The "liphagane" meroterpenoid carbon skeleton of liphagal (1) is new. A biomimetic total synthesis has been used to confirm the constitution of liphagal (1) and support a proposed biogenesis.
Improving branch prediction accuracy in embedded processors in the presence of context switches (2004)

Embedded processors like Intel's XScale use dynamic branch prediction to improve performance. Due to the presence of context switches, the accuracy of these predictors is reduced because they end up storing prediction histories for several processes. We show that the loss in accuracy can be significant and depends on predictor type and size. Several new schemes are proposed to save and restore the predictor state, on context switches in order to improve prediction accuracy. The schemes differ in the amount of information they save and vary in their accuracy improvement. It is shown that even for a small 128 entry skew predictor, 2-6% improvement in prediction rate can be achieved (for an average context interval of 100K instructions) for different embedded applications while saving and restoring a minimal amount of state information (less than 32bits) on a context switch.
Model-Based Testing of Automotive Systems (2008)

In recent years the development of automotive embedded devices has changed from an electrical and mechanical engineering discipline to a combination of software and electrical/mechanical engineering. The effects of this change on development processes, methods, and tools as well as on required engineering skills were very significant and are still ongoing today.At present there is a new trend in the automotive industry towards model-based development. Software components are no longer handwritten in C or Assembler code but modeled with MATLAB/Simulink™, Statemate, or similar tools. However, quality assurance of model-based developments, especially testing, is still poorly supported. Many development projects require creation of expensive proprietary testing solutions.In this paper we discuss the characteristics of automotive model-based development processes, the consequences for test development and the need to reconsider testing procedures in practice. Furthermore, we introduce the test tool “TPT” which masters the complexity of model-based testing in the automotive domain. To illustrate this statement we present a small automotive case study. TPT is based on graphical test models that are not only easy to understand but also powerful enough to express very complex, fully automated closed loop tests in real-time. TPT has been initially developed by Daimler Software Technology Research. It is already in use in many production-vehicle development projects at car manufacturers and suppliers.