gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Activated Prothrombin-Complex Concentrate (FEIBA) on Joint and Muscle Bleeding in Patients with Hemophilia A and Antibodies to Factor VIII (1981)

We designed a double-blind trial to study the effect of an "activated" prothrombin-complex concentrate (FEIBA) on joint and muscle bleeding in hemophiliacs with antibodies to factor VIII. Fifteen patients received either FEIBA or the control preparation (a nonactivated prothrombin-complex concentrate) for a total of 150 bleeding episodes (four mucocutaneous bleeding, 117 joint bleeding, and 29 muscle bleeding). In 64 per cent of the episodes, FEIBA was judged by the physician to be effective; the control preparation was perceived as effective in 52 per cent of the episodes in which it was used. Pairwise comparison of FEIBA and the control preparation for bleeding in the same joint or muscle showed a significantly better result with FEIBA (P = 0.0085). Joint mobility after the use of FEIBA was significantly improved (P = 0.006). There was a high incidence of hepatitis (three of the 15 patients) and of transient disturbances of liver function (nine of 15) during the 15-month observation period.
Olefin Cross-Metathesis as a Source of Polysaccharide Derivatives: Cellulose ω-Carboxyalkanoates (2013)

Cross-metathesis has been shown for the first time to be a useful method for the synthesis of polysaccharide derivatives, focusing herein on preparation of cellulose ω-carboxyalkanoates. Commercially available cellulose esters were first acylated with 10-undecenoyl chloride, providing esters with olefin-terminated side chains. Subsequent cross-metathesis of these terminal olefin moieties with acrylic acid was performed in solvents including acrylic acid, THF, and CH2Cl2. Complete conversion to discrete, soluble cross-metathesis products was achieved by using the Hoveyda-Grubbs second generation ruthenium catalyst and an excess of acrylic acid. Oligomerization during storage, caused by a free radical mechanism, was observed and successfully suppressed by the addition of a free radical scavenger (BHT). Furthermore, the cross-metathesis products exhibited glass transition temperatures (Tg) that were at least 50 °C higher than ambient temperature, supporting the potential for application of these polymers as amorphous solid dispersion matrices for enhancing drug aqueous solubility.
Comparative study of phonon-limited mobility of two-dimensional electrons in strained and unstrained Si metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors (1996)

The phonon-limited mobility of strained Si metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) fabricated on a SiGe substrate is investigated through theoretical calculations including two-dimensional quantization, and compared with the mobility of conventional (unstrained) Si MOSFETs. In order to match both the mobility of unstrained Si MOSFETs and the mobility enhancement in strained Si MOSFETs, it is necessary to increase the coupling of electrons in the two-dimensional gas with intervalley phonons, compared to the values used in conventional models. The mobility enhancement associated with strain in Si is attributed to the following two factors: the suppression of intervalley phonon scattering due to the strain-induced band splitting, and the decrease in the occupancy of the fourfold valleys which exhibit a lower mobility due to the stronger interaction with intervalley phonons. While the decrease in the averaged conductivity mass, caused by the decrease in the occupancy of the fourfold valleys, contributes to the mobility enhancement in bulk strained Si, it is not necessarily adequate to explain the mobility enhancement for two-dimensional electrons in strained Si. This is suggested by the fact that the mobility limited by intravalley acoustic phonon scattering, which is the dominant scattering mechanism, has almost the same value in the two- and the fourfold valleys, because the difference in the conductivity mass is compensated by differences in the inversion-layer thickness and the valley degeneracy.
Skeletal Localization and Neutralization of the SDF-1(CXCL12)/CXCR4 Axis Blocks Prostate Cancer Metastasis and Growth in Osseous Sites In Vivo (2005)

These data provide critical support for a role of SDF-1/CXCR4 in skeletal metastasis. Importantly, these data show that SDF-1/CXCR4 participate in localizing tumors to the bone marrow for prostate cancer.
Effects of Electrodes on the Switching Behavior of Strontium Titanate Nickelate Resistive Random Access Memory (2015)

Strontium titanate nickelate (STN) thin films on indium tin oxide (ITO)/glass substrate were synthesized using the sol-gel method for resistive random access memory (RRAM) applications. Aluminum (Al), titanium (Ti), tungsten (W), gold (Au) and platinum (Pt) were used as top electrodes in the STN-based RRAM to probe the switching behavior. The bipolar resistive switching behavior of the set and reset voltages is in opposite bias in the Al/STN/ITO and Pt/STN/ITO RRAMs, which can be partly ascribed to the different work functions of top electrodes in the ITO. Analyses of the fitting results and temperature-dependent performances showed that the Al/STN/ITO switching was mainly attributed to the absorption/release of oxygen-based functional groups, whereas the Pt/STN/ITO switching can be associated with the diffusion of metal electrode ions. The Al/STN/ITO RRAM demonstrated a high resistance ratio of &gt;106 between the high-resistance state (HRS) and the low-resistance state (LRS), as well as a retention ability of &gt;105 s. Furthermore, the Pt/STN/ITO RRAM displayed a HRS/LRS resistance ratio of &gt;103 and a retention ability of &gt;105 s.
A Low-Jitter Added SSCG with Seamless Phase Selection and Fast AFC for 3rd Generation Serial-ATA (2006)

A low-jitter added 3GHz spread-spectrum clock generator (SSCG) with seamless phase selection and a fast automatic frequency calibration (AFC) was implemented in 90nm CMOS process. The proposed SSCG takes full advantage of multi-phase switching with increased sigma-delta operation speed. Large frequency shift and low jitter addition is obtained without extra phase management logic. A new AFC is also proposed for multi-band LC-VCO used in the SSCG. A fast and high resolution frequency calibration is done with direct counting of high frequency VCO clock. The experimental result shows that only 2.7ps peak-to-peak jitter is added by spread-spectrum clocking (SSC) and 400ns of unit frequency comparison time is achieved in AFC process.
Failure of antiseptic bonding to prevent central venous catheter-related infection and sepsis. (1996)

Infection associated with the use of triple lumen catheters in hospitals is a frequent and serious complication. The prevailing hypothesis for the origin of catheter-related infection (CRI) is bacterial colonization and subsequent infection of the skin insertion site and catheter interface. The recently released ARROWgard catheter contains a bonded synergistic combination of silver sulfadiazine and chlorhexidine, which is thought to render the catheter resistant to bacterial colonization and subsequent sepsis. The purpose of this study is to compare the incidence of CRI and catheter-related sepsis (CRS) between a standard triple lumen catheter and ARROWgard antiseptic coated catheter in patients receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). A randomized, prospective clinical trial was conducted at a community referral center from January 1993 through April 1994. One-hundred-ninety-one patients with need for TPN were randomized to receive either the ARROWgard or a standard triple lumen catheter placed under a strict sterile protocol. CRI was defined as >/= 15 colony forming units by semiquantitative culture technique of the catheter tip or intracutaneous segment. CRS was defined as growth of the same organism on the catheter and at least one peripheral blood culture. All catheters were cultured. Ninety-two patients received the ARROWgard catheter, and 99 patients received the standard catheter. There were no differences between the average age, sex, length of hospital stay, days on TPN, number of catheters/patient, indications for TPN, primary diagnoses, or duration of the central line between the two groups. The overall rate of CRI was 11.5 per cent, and CRS was 8.4 per cent in this study. The rate of CRI for the ARROWgard was 10.9 per cent, compared with 12.9 per cent for the standard catheter (P = NS). The rate of CRS for the ARROWgard was 8.7 per cent, compared with 8.1 per cent for the standard catheter (P = NS). The coating of central venous catheters with silver sulfadiazine and chlorhexidine does not reduce the rate CRI or CRS when compared with standard central venous catheters in patients receiving TPN.
History and Perspectives of A<sub>2A</sub>Adenosine Receptor Antagonists as Potential Therapeutic Agents (2015)

Growing evidence emphasizes that the purine nucleoside adenosine plays an active role as a local regulator in different pathologies. Adenosine is a ubiquitous nucleoside involved in various physiological and pathological functions by stimulating A1 , A2A , A2B , and A3 adenosine receptors (ARs). At the present time, the role of A2A ARs is well known in physiological conditions and in a variety of pathologies, including inflammatory tissue damage and neurodegenerative disorders. In particular, the use of selective A2A antagonists has been reported to be potentially useful in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). In this review, A2A AR signal transduction pathways, together with an analysis of the structure-activity relationships of A2A antagonists, and their corresponding pharmacological roles and therapeutic potential have been presented. The initial results from an emerging polypharmacological approach are also analyzed. This approach is based on the optimization of the affinity and/or functional activity of the examined compounds toward multiple targets, such as A1 /A2A ARs and monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B), both closely implicated in the pathogenesis of PD.
Production of <i>Desmodus rotundus</i> salivary plasminogen activator α1 (DSPAα1) in tobacco is hampered by proteolysis (2005)

The high fibrin specificity of Desmodus rotundus salivary plasminogen activator alpha1 (DSPAalpha1 or desmoteplase (INN)) makes it a promising candidate for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. In the current study we explored the use of transgenic tobacco plants and BY-2 suspension cells as alternative production platforms for this drug. Four different N-terminal signal peptides, from plants and animals, were used to translocate the recombinant DSPAalpha1 protein to the endomembrane system. Intact recombinant DSPAalpha1 was produced in transgenic plants and BY-2 cells, although a certain degree of degradation was observed in immunoblotted extracts. The choice of signal peptide had no major influence on the degradation pattern or recombinant protein accumulation, which reached a maximum level of 38 microg/g leaf material. N-terminal sequencing of purified, His6-tagged DSPAalpha1 revealed only minor changes in the position of signal peptide cleavage compared to the same protein expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells. However, correctly processed recombinant DSPAalpha1 was also detected. The enzymatic activity of the recombinant protein was confirmed using an in vitro assay with unpurified and purified samples, demonstrating that plants are suitable for the production of functional DSPAalpha1. In contrast to whole plant cell extracts, no recombinant DSPAalpha1 was detected in the culture supernatant of transgenic BY-2 cells. Further analysis showed that recombinant DSPAalpha1 is subject to proteolysis and that endogenous secreted BY-2 proteases are responsible for DSPAalpha1 degradation in the culture medium. The addition of a highly concentrated protease inhibitor mixture or 5 mM EDTA reduced DSPAalpha1 proteolysis, improving the accumulation of intact product in the culture medium. Strategies to improve the plant cell suspension system for the production of secreted recombinant proteins are discussed.
Clinical performance of a polymerase chain reaction testing algorithm for diagnosis of HIV‐1 infection in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (1991)

The clinical performance of a modified polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing algorithm was evaluated for confirming the presence of HIV-1 proviral DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. A whole cell lysate, rather than phenol-purified DNA, was used for PCR amplification, under systematically optimized conditions designed and verified within each PCR run to detect as few as 10 copies of proviral DNA. A sequential testing algorithm was designed requiring reactivity in duplicate (with corresponding non-reactivity in negative controls) with at least two sets of primers, before reporting a specimen as HIV-1-positive. In 196 specimens from patients staged according to the Walter Reed staging system, the PCR test sensitivity and the coculture isolation rate (in parentheses) were found to be: 97% (71%), 100% (85%), and 100% (76%) in stage 1, stage 2, and stage 3 specimens, respectively; and 100% (100%) in stage 4, 5, and 6 specimens. Results were uniformly negative for PCR and coculture isolation from 21 blind negative specimens and 105 (negative) donor leukopacks. These data indicate that this PCR testing algorithm is more accurate than tissue culture isolation methods, especially with early stage patients, and results in detection of HIV-1 in virtually 100% of seropositive individuals, with no false positives.
Multilateral security a concept and examples for balanced security (2001)

Article Share on Multilateral security a concept and examples for balanced security Author: Kai Rannenberg Microsoft Research, 1 Guildhall Street, Cambridge CB2 3NH, UK Microsoft Research, 1 Guildhall Street, Cambridge CB2 3NH, UKView Profile Authors Info & Claims NSPW '00: Proceedings of the 2000 workshop on New security paradigmsFebruary 2001 Pages 151–162https://doi.org/10.1145/366173.366208Online:20 February 2001Publication History 37citation1,410DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations37Total Downloads1,410Last 12 Months28Last 6 weeks5 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Fast mode decision for H.264 (2005)

H.264 can be coded with 7 different block sizes for motion-compensation in the inter mode, and various spatial directional prediction modes in the intra mode. To achieve as high a coding efficiency as possible, the H.264 encoder employs a complex mode decision technique based on rate-distortion optimization. It calculates rate distortion cost (RDcost) of all possible modes to choose the best one having the minimum RDcost. Therefore, this mode selection method calls for high computational complexity. In order to reduce the complexity, we propose two techniques - 'early SKIP mode decision' and 'selective intra mode decision'. The simulation results show that without considerable performance degradation, the proposed methods reduce encoding time by 30% on average and save the number of computing rate-distortion costs by 72%.
A Micro-payment System for Multiple-Shopping (2002)

In this pape r weprk ose amicr2T] yment system that is able to apply to severC using only one hash chain. Explicitly, this scheme can beconsiderC as animpr vement and extension of PayWor [8]suggested by Rivest andShamir in 1996. We focus on the scheme that guarC tees atomicity andnon-rT](CTO02] amongr equirk$k ts payment systems. Atomicity and non-rT0](CTO02 play an impor]O ole in payment systems. In par$C3](Ck atomicity allowscustomer to use the payment system without loss of their money in any disaster Finally, when uses themicr$33 severO vendor0] e analyze not only the e#ciency inter) of thestor2) size but also thesecur) y issues.
Optical Sectioning Raman Microscopy (1991)

We describe the use of Hadamard transform Raman microscopy to acquire optically sectioned images of crystals of benzoic acid. Nearest-neighbor deblurring is used to reject out-of-focus information and sharpen the Raman images obtained from the crystal.
Novel Technique of Quantitative Nested Real-Time PCR Assay for <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> DNA (2006)

The diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis (TBM) remains a complex issue because the most widely used conventional diagnostic tools, such as culture and PCR assay for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples, are unable to rapidly detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis with sufficient sensitivity in the acute phase of TBM. Based on TaqMan PCR, we designed a novel technique consisting of an internally controlled quantitative nested real-time (QNRT) PCR assay that provided a marked improvement in detection sensitivity and quantification. We applied this novel technique to quantitatively detect M. tuberculosis DNA in CSF samples from patients with suspected TBM. For use as the internal control in the measurement of the M. tuberculosis DNA copy numbers in the QNRT-PCR assay, the original mutation (M) plasmid, which included an artificial random 22-nucleotide sequence within an inserted DNA fragment of the MPB64 gene of M. tuberculosis, was prepared. The QNRT-PCR assay showed high sensitivity and specificity that were approximately equivalent to those of the conventional nested PCR assay. Moreover, the QNRT-PCR assay made it possible to precisely and quantitatively detect the initial copy number of M. tuberculosis DNA in CSF samples. Therefore, compared to the conventional PCR assay, the QNRT-PCR assay can be considered a more useful and advanced technique for the rapid and accurate diagnosis of TBM. To establish the superiority of this novel technique in TBM diagnosis, it will be necessary to accumulate data from a larger number of patients with suspected TBM.
Application of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor May Reverse Diabetic Wound Healing Impairment (1993)

This study examines the effect of application of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on the wound healing impairment seen in streptozotocin-induced diabetic (SD) rats compared with control nondiabetic (NL) animals. Under general anesthesia, a 6-cm dorsal incision was made through the skin and panniculus carnosus. Both the NL and SD wounds were injected with 0.1 ml of one of the following three solutions: saline, vehicle, and 10 micrograms of bFGF. The wounds were closed with interrupted sutures of 4-0 nylon. The animals were returned to their cages and sacrificed at 7, 10, 14, or 21 days later. Breaking strength of the wound was analyzed by using an Instron Tensiometer 4201 to assay for relative collagen maturation. Data among groups were compared using an analysis of variance. At 7 and 10 days, all NL wounds were stronger than all SD wounds. By 14 days there was no statistically significant difference in breaking strength between the bFGF-SD wounds and all subgroups of NL wounds. The bFGF-SD subgroup was statistically significantly stronger than the saline-SD (p < 0.02) and vehicle-SD (p < 0.01) wounds. At 21 days the bFGF-SD wounds were statistically significantly stronger than the vehicle-SD wounds to a confidence level of p < 0.001. These findings indicate that application of bFGF may reverse the impairment seen in diabetic wound healing.
Defluorination of Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) and Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) by <i>Acidimicrobium</i> sp. Strain A6 (2019)

Incubations with pure and enrichment cultures of <i>Acidimicrobium</i> sp. strain A6 (A6), an autotroph that oxidizes ammonium to nitrite while reducing ferric iron, were conducted in the presence of PFOA or PFOS at 0.1 mg/L and 100 mg/L. Buildup of fluoride, shorter-chain perfluorinated products, and acetate was observed, as well as a decrease in Fe(III) reduced per ammonium oxidized. Incubations with hydrogen as a sole electron donor also resulted in the defluorination of these PFAS. Removal of up to 60% of PFOA and PFOS was observed during 100 day incubations, while total fluorine (organic plus fluoride) remained constant throughout the incubations. To determine if PFOA/PFOS or some of their degradation products were metabolized, and since no organic carbon source except these PFAS was added, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was tracked. At concentrations of 100 mg/L, PFOA/PFOS were the main contributors to DOC, which remained constant during the pure A6 culture incubations. Whereas in the A6 enrichment culture, DOC decreased slightly with time, indicating that as defluorination of PFOS/PFOA occurred, some of the products were being metabolized by heterotrophs present in this culture. Results show that A6 can defluorinate PFOA/PFOS while reducing iron, using ammonium or hydrogen as the electron donor.
Altered airway surfactant phospholipid composition and reduced lung function in asthma (2000)

Pulmonary surfactant in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and induced sputum from adults with stable asthma (n = 36) and healthy controls (n = 12) was analyzed for phospholipid and protein compositions and function. Asthmatic subjects were graded as mild, moderate, or severe. Phospholipid compositions of BALF and sputum from control subjects were similar and characteristic of surfactant. For asthmatic subjects, the proportion of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (16:0/16:0PC), the major phospholipid in surfactant, decreased in sputum (P < 0.05) but not in BALF. In BALF, mole percent 16:0/16:0PC correlated with surfactant function measured in a capillary surfactometer, and sputum mole percent 16:0/16:0PC correlated with lung function (forced expiratory volume in 1 s). Neither surfactant protein A nor total protein concentration in either BALF or sputum was altered in asthma. These results suggest altered phospholipid composition and function of airway (sputum) but not alveolar (BALF) surfactant in stable asthma. Such underlying surfactant dysfunction may predispose asthmatic subjects to further surfactant inhibition by proteins or aeroallergens in acute asthma episodes and contribute to airway closure in asthma. Consequently, administration of an appropriate therapeutic surfactant could provide clinical benefit in asthma.
Substrate rigidity regulates Ca<sup>2+</sup> oscillation via RhoA pathway in stem cells (2008)

Substrate rigidity plays crucial roles in regulating cellular functions, such as cell spreading, traction forces, and stem cell differentiation. However, it is not clear how substrate rigidity influences early cell signaling events such as calcium in living cells. Using highly sensitive Ca(2+) biosensors based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), we investigated the molecular mechanism by which substrate rigidity affects calcium signaling in human mesenchymal stem cells (HMSCs). Spontaneous Ca(2+) oscillations were observed inside the cytoplasm and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) using the FRET biosensors targeted at subcellular locations in cells plated on rigid dishes. Lowering the substrate stiffness to 1 kPa significantly inhibited both the magnitudes and frequencies of the cytoplasmic Ca(2+) oscillation in comparison to stiffer or rigid substrate. This Ca(2+) oscillation was shown to be dependent on ROCK, a downstream effector molecule of RhoA, but independent of actin filaments, microtubules, myosin light chain kinase, or myosin activity. Lysophosphatidic acid, which activates RhoA, also inhibited the frequency of the Ca(2+) oscillation. Consistently, either a constitutive active mutant of RhoA (RhoA-V14) or a dominant negative mutant of RhoA (RhoA-N19) inhibited the Ca(2+) oscillation. Further experiments revealed that HMSCs cultured on gels with low elastic moduli displayed low RhoA activities. Therefore, our results demonstrate that RhoA and its downstream molecule ROCK may mediate the substrate rigidity-regulated Ca(2+) oscillation, which determines the physiological functions of HMSCs.