gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Deregulated Overexpression of hCdt1 and hCdc6 Promotes Malignant Behavior (2007)

The accurate execution of DNA replication requires a strict control of the replication licensing factors hCdt1 and hCdc6. The role of these key replication molecules in carcinogenesis has not been clarified. To examine how early during cancer development deregulation of these factors occurs, we investigated their status in epithelial lesions covering progressive stages of hyperplasia, dysplasia, and full malignancy, mostly from the same patients. Abnormal accumulation of both proteins occurred early from the stage of dysplasia. A frequent cause of unregulated hCdc6 and hCdt1 expression was gene amplification, suggesting that these components can play a role per se in cancer development. Overexpression of hCdt1 and hCdc6 promoted rereplication and generated a DNA damage response, which activated the antitumor barriers of senescence and apoptosis. Generating an inducible hCdt1 cellular system, we observed that continuous stimulus by deregulated hCdt1 led to abrogation of the antitumor barriers and resulted in the selection of clones with more aggressive properties. In addition, stable expression of hCdc6 and hCdt1 in premalignant papilloma cells led to transformation of the cells that produced tumors upon injection into nude mice depicting the oncogenic potential of their deregulation.
A Worst-Case Analysis for Analog-Quality (Alias-Free) Digital Dynamics Processing (1999)

A fundamental problem of digital dynamics processing is that distortion products are produced which alias below 20 kHz. An analysis of sine-wave clipping shows that a 5-MHz internal sampling rate is required to effectively attenuate aliasing components. A test signal consisting of a pair of closely spaced sinusoids that are slowly swept in frequency is suggested as a means of revealing aliasing distortion in typical digital audio systems. Many current digital audio products produce audible aliasing distortion when passing this test signal. It is suggested that there is a correlation between the amount of aliasing distortion produced in digital dynamics processors and their sonic qualities.
Histidine biosynthesis genes in Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis (1992)

The genes of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis involved in histidine biosynthesis were cloned and characterized by complementation of Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis mutants and DNA sequencing. Complementation of E. coli hisA, hisB, hisC, hisD, hisF, hisG, and hisIE genes and the B. subtilis hisH gene (the E. coli hisC equivalent) allowed localization of the corresponding lactococcal genes. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the 11.5-kb lactococcal region revealed 14 open reading frames (ORFs), 12 of which might form an operon. The putative operon includes eight ORFs which encode proteins homologous to enzymes involved in histidine biosynthesis. The operon also contains (i) an ORF encoding a protein homologous to the histidyl-tRNA synthetases but lacking a motif implicated in synthetase activity, which suggests that it has a role different from tRNA aminoacylation, and (ii) an ORF encoding a protein that is homologous to the 3'-aminoglycoside phosphotransferases but does not confer antibiotic resistance. The remaining ORFs specify products which have no homology with proteins in the EMBL and GenBank data bases.
Glutamate dehydrogenase of Halobacterium salinarum: evidence that the gene sequence currently assigned to the NADP+-dependent enzyme is in fact that of the NAD+-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase (2002)

A GDH gene from Halobacterium salinarum has been cloned and sequenced and the publication assigns the sequence to the NADP+-glutamate dehydrogenase of this organism. We have expressed this gene in Escherichia coli and find that it encodes an NAD+-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase without activity towards NADP+. Further, peptide sequence from the two corresponding proteins supports the view that the deposited sequence is indeed that of the NAD+-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase. Sequence from the NAD+-dependent protein matches the published gene sequence, whereas sequence from the NADP+ glutamate dehydrogenase does not.
A long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue attenuates induction of plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 and vascular adhesion molecules (2009)

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) administration attenuates endothelial cell dysfunction in diabetic patients and inhibits tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF)-mediated plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) induction in human vascular endothelial cells. The short half-life of GLP-1 mediated via degradation by the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase 4 mandates the clinical use of long-acting GLP-1 analogues. The effects of a long-acting GLP-1 analogue on PAI-1 and vascular adhesion molecule expression in vascular endothelial cells are unknown. In this report, we demonstrate for the first time that the treatment with liraglutide, a long-acting GLP-1 analogue, inhibited TNF or hyperglycaemia-mediated induction of PAI-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 mRNA and protein expression in a human vascular endothelial cell line. In addition, treatment attenuated TNF- or hyperglycaemia-mediated induction of the orphan nuclear receptor Nur77 mRNA expression. Taken together, these observations indicate that liraglutide inhibits TNF- or glucose-mediated induction of PAI-1 and vascular adhesion molecule expression, and this effect may involve the modulation of NUR77. These effects suggest that liraglutide may potentially improve the endothelial cell dysfunction associated with premature atherosclerosis identified in type 2 diabetic patients.
Direct molding of dry adhesives with anisotropic peel strength using an offset lift-off photoresist mold (2009)

We demonstrate for the first time a wafer scale, directly molded anisotropic dry adhesive made of silicone that can be produced in a two-mask process. We demonstrate that the peel strength of this adhesive is dependent on the amount of overhang of a thin flexible cap on the top of each fiber. By precisely placing the center of this cap offset to the center of the supporting post, the peel strength of the adhesive can be altered when pulled off in different directions.
The relationship between fibrosis and cancer in experimental animals exposed to asbestos and other fibers. (1990)

The association between occupational asbestos exposure and the development of both pulmonary fibrosis or asbestosis and pulmonary carcinomas is well documented. It has been suggested that the two pathological conditions are associated with asbestos-related carcinomas developing from areas of asbestosis and not occurring when exposure has been too low to produce this type of pulmonary scarring. Experimental inhalation studies so far published have not been designed to examine this association specifically, but many publications have reported that asbestos samples producing high levels of fibrosis is experimental animals are also very carcinogenic. Samples of asbestos or man-made fibers that produce little fibrosis also produce few tumors. These works are reviewed. In order to examine the association between fibrosis and tumor production in more detail, groups of animals with and without pulmonary tumors and with individual fibrosis measurements were assembled from a number of inhalation studies undertaken over a period of years at this Institute. It was found that animals with pulmonary tumors had almost double the amount of pulmonary fibrosis as animals of similar age that did not. In a few of the animals where tumors were found at an early stage of development, their origin from fibrotic areas could be confirmed, although in most cases where tumor deposits were widespread this was not possible. Experimental confirmation of the site of origin of most pulmonary tumors in asbestos-treated rats would require new studies with rats examined specifically at an age when early tumors would be expected.
Differential expression of psoriasin messenger RNA between in situ and invasive human breast carcinoma. (1996)

The mRNA encoding the calcium-binding protein psoriasin was identified as being more highly expressed in the in situ versus the invasive component of the same breast tumor. Reverse transcription-PCR analysis of total RNA extracted from three independent cases of ductal carcinoma in situ of the comedo type and three cases of high-grade invasive ductal carcinoma revealed a detectable level of psoriasin mRNA expression in the in situ lesions only. Similar analysis performed on total RNA extracted from frozen sections of 32 independent breast samples, representing a continuum from normal to invasive tumor, confirmed high psoriasin expression in ductal carcinoma in situ of the comedo type only. The possible functional role of the psoriasin protein in breast tumor cells remains to be determined.
<scp>TGF</scp>‐β signalling and liver disease (2016)

The transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) family signalling pathways play essential roles in the regulation of different cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, migration or cell death, which are essential for the homeostasis of tissues and organs. Because of the diverse and pleiotropic TGF-β functions, deregulation of its pathways contributes to human disease. In the case of the liver, TGF-β signalling participates in all stages of disease progression, from initial liver injury through inflammation and fibrosis, to cirrhosis and cancer. TGF-β has cytostatic and apoptotic effects in hepatocytes, promoting liver differentiation during embryogenesis and physiological liver regeneration. However, high levels of TGF-β, as a consequence of chronic liver damage, result in activation of stellate cells to myofibroblasts and massive hepatocyte cell death, which contributes to the promotion of liver fibrosis and later cirrhosis. During liver tumorigenesis, TGF-β may behave as a suppressor factor at early stages; however, there is strong evidence that overactivation of TGF-β signalling might contribute to later tumour progression, once cells escape from its cytostatic effects. For these reasons, targeting the TGF-β signalling pathway is being explored to counteract liver disease progression. In this review, we aim to shed light on the state-of-the-art in the signalling pathways induced by TGF-β that are involved in different stages of liver physiology and pathology.
Improving the Cell Characteristics Using Low-k Gate Spacer in 1Gb NAND Flash Memory (2006)

Floating gate interference resulting from capacitive coupling through parasitic capacitors surrounding the floating gate degrades the cell characteristics such as current, speed and cell V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> distribution. For the first time, we have introduced the cell characteristics improved using low-k dielectric of gate spacer such as oxide and air gap in 1Gb NAND flash memory
Assembly In Vivo of Enterotoxin from <i>Escherichia coli</i> : Formation of the B Subunit Oligomer (1983)

An oligomer of the B subunit of heat-labile enterotoxin of Escherichia coli has been observed in minicells and in whole cells. There is a delay after synthesis of the B subunit before it appears in the oligomer. The delay is not due to slow processing of the precursor. A similar delay in oligomerization of the major outer membrane protein OmpF is also described.
The aged monkey basal forebrain: rescue and sprouting of axotomized basal forebrain neurons after grafts of encapsulated cells secreting human nerve growth factor. (1994)

Six Rhesus monkeys between 24 and 29 years of age received unilateral transections of the fornix. Three monkeys then received intraventricular transplants of polymer-encapsulated baby hamster kidney (BHK) fibroblasts that had been genetically modified to secrete human nerve growth factor (hNGF). The remaining three monkeys received identical grafts except the cells were not modified to secrete hNGF. Monkeys receiving the fornix transection and control grafts displayed extensive reductions in the number of choline acetyltransferase- (57-75%) and p75 NGF receptor- (53%) immunoreactive medial septal neurons ipsilateral to the lesion/implant. In contrast, monkeys receiving transplants of encapsulated hNGF-secreting cells display only a modest loss of choline acetyltransferase- (0-36%) and p75 NGF receptor-(7-22.4%) immunoreactive septal neurons. Additionally, all monkeys receiving the hNGF-secreting implants, but none receiving control implants, displayed robust sprouting of cholinergic fibers within the septum ipsilateral to the transplant. Just prior to sacrifice, the capsules were retrieved and found to contain viable BHK cells releasing biologically relevant levels of hNGF. These data demonstrate that hNGF can provide trophic and tropic influences to aged primate basal forebrain neurons undergoing lesion-induced degeneration, supporting the contention that hNGF may prevent the degeneration of basal forebrain neurons in Alzheimer disease.
Clinical DT-MRI Estimation, Smoothing, and Fiber Tracking With Log-Euclidean Metrics (2007)

Diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DT-MRI or DTI) is an imaging modality that is gaining importance in clinical applications. However, in a clinical environment, data have to be acquired rapidly, often at the expense of the image quality. This often results in DTI datasets that are not suitable for complex postprocessing like fiber tracking. We propose a new variational framework to improve the estimation of DT-MRI in this clinical context. Most of the existing estimation methods rely on a log-Gaussian noise (Gaussian noise on the image logarithms), or a Gaussian noise, that do not reflect the Rician nature of the noise in MR images with a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). With these methods, the Rician noise induces a shrinking effect: the tensor volume is underestimated when other noise models are used for the estimation. In this paper, we propose a maximum likelihood strategy that fully exploits the assumption of a Rician noise. To further reduce the influence of the noise, we optimally exploit the spatial correlation by coupling the estimation with an anisotropic prior previously proposed on the spatial regularity of the tensor field itself, which results in a maximum a posteriori estimation. Optimizing such a nonlinear criterion requires adapted tools for tensor computing. We show that Riemannian metrics for tensors, and more specifically the log-Euclidean metrics, are a good candidate and that this criterion can be efficiently optimized. Experiments on synthetic data show that our method correctly handles the shrinking effect even with very low SNR, and that the positive definiteness of tensors is always ensured. Results on real clinical data demonstrate the truthfulness of the proposed approach and show promising improvements of fiber tracking in the brain and the spinal cord.
Phase noise in CMOS differential LC oscillators (2002)

An analysis of phase noise in differential cross-coupled tuned tank voltage controlled oscillators is presented. The effect of active device noise sources as well as the noise due to the passive elements are taken into account. The predictions are in good agreement with the measurements for different tail currents and supply voltages. The effect of the complementary cross-coupled pair is analyzed and verified experimentally. A 1.8 GHz LC oscillator with a phase noise of -121 dBc/Hz at 600 kHz is demonstrated, dissipating 6 mW of power using spiral inductors.
Markedly reduced toxicity of a hydrogen sulphide‐releasing derivative of naproxen (ATB‐346) (2010)

ATB-346 exhibits anti-inflammatory properties similar to naproxen, but with substantially reduced gastrointestinal toxicity.
Olfactory cues from an oxytocin-injected male rat can induce anti-nociception in its cagemates (1997)

We recently demonstrated an olfactorily induced tail skin temperature drop in saline-injected rats exposed to an oxytocin-injected cagemate, an effect abolished by olfactory impairment. Treatment with oxytocin may induce both nociceptive and anti-nociceptive effects. The contrasting effects likely depend on the model and dosage used. Here we report an increased hindpaw withdrawal latency in response to nociceptive heat following the subcutaneous administration of oxytocin (1 mg/kg). An increased withdrawal response latency was also found in the untreated cagemates of an oxytocin-treated rat. The anti-nociceptive effect was abolished in oxytocin-antagonist-injected cagemates. Our results suggests that an olfactorily induced oxytocinergic mechanism is activated in the cagemates of an oxytocin-injected rat promoting anti-nociception.
Mono- and diprotonation of the [(.eta.5-C5H5)Ti(W5O18)]3- and [(.eta.5-C5Me5)Ti(W5O18)]3- anions (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMono- and diprotonation of the [(.eta.5-C5H5)Ti(W5O18)]3- and [(.eta.5-C5Me5)Ti(W5O18)]3- anionsT. M. Che, V. W. Day, L. C. Francesconi, W. G. Klemperer, D. J. Main, A. Yagasaki, and O. M. YaghiCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1992, 31, 13, 2920–2928Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00039a047https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00039a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views217Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Enzymatic Synthesis of Glucocerebroside by a Glucosyltransferase from Embryonic Chicken Brain (1973)

Abstract A glucosyltransferase that catalyzes the synthesis of glucosylceramide (glucocerebroside) from ceramide (N-acylsphingosine) and UDP-glucose was isolated from 13- to 14-day-old embryonic chicken brain. The reaction is the following: Ceramide + UDP-glucose → glucosylceramide (+ UDP) Ceramide was the most effective lipid acceptor, and a variety of potential donors could not replace UDP-glucose. The Km values for ceramide and UDP-[14C]glucose were 0.08 mm and 0.12 mm, respectively. Metal ions did not stimulate the reaction, and it was not inhibited by ethylenediaminetetraacetate. The particulate preparation of UDP-glucose:ceramide glucosyltransferase showed an absolute requirement for detergent, and optimal activity was obtained with a mixture of Cutscum and Triton X-100. The glucosyltransferase was detectable in brains from chick embryos as early as 7 days old; maximal activity was detected between 13 and 17 days of embryonic development. The enzyme catalyzes the first step in the synthesis of gangliosides.
Absence of a sertraline-mediated effect on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of carbamazepine. (1996)

These findings indicate that sertraline does not affect the pharmacokinetics of carbamazepine or its principal metabolite and does not potentiate the cognitive effects of carbamazepine.
Stereocontrol in organic synthesis using silicon-containing compounds. A synthesis of nonactin (1998)

The enantiomeric purity of (1R)-1-(1′-naphthyl)ethanol 7 was raised by Horeau’s method by separating its oxalate 11 from its diastereoisomer by crystallisation. The alcohol 7 was used to open the anhydride of (3RS,4SR)-3,4-bis[dimethyl(4-methylphenyl)silyl]hexane-1,6-dioic acid with selectivity of 96∶4 for one of the enantiotopic carbonyl groups, allowing the synthesis of (3R,4S)-3,4-bis[dimethyl(4-methylphenyl)silyl]hexane-1,6-dioic acid 6-(2-trimethylsilylethyl) ester 10. This acid was converted into the allylsilane methyl (E)-(3S,4R)-3,4-bis[dimethyl(4-methylphenyl)silyl]-7-(2-methyldioxolan-2-yl)hept-5-enoate 15, the carboxylic acid derived from which underwent epoxidation with unexpected silyl migration to give (3S,4S,5S,6R)-3,5-bis[dimethyl(4-methylphenyl)silyl]-6-hydroxy-7-(2-methyldioxolan-2-yl)heptano-4-lactone 17. Desilylative elimination and hydrogenation then gave the alcohol (3R,6R)-3-[dimethyl(4-methylphenyl)silyl]-6-hydroxy-7-(2-methyldioxolan-2-yl)heptanoic acid 19, in which the relative and absolute configuration at C-3 and C-6 have been controlled. The relative configuration at C-8 was controlled by anti-selective reduction of a 6-hydroxy-8-ketone using Evans’ method, and at C-2 by anti-selective enolate methylation of the β-silyl lactone 20. Silyl-to-hydroxy conversion with retention at C-3 and displacement of the tosylate with inversion at the same centre gave the correct relative and absolute configuration, completing a synthesis of methyl (+)-nonactate 4. The relative configuration at C-8 was controlled in the opposite sense by syn-selective reduction of a 6-hydroxy-8-ketone using Prasad’s conditions, and at C-2 in the opposite sense by anti-selective enolate methylation of the open-chain β-silyl ester 22. Silyl-to-hydroxy conversion with retention at C-3 and displacement of the tosylate with inversion at C-6 gave the correct relative and absolute configuration completing a synthesis of the pseudo-enantiomer, benzyl (–)-nonactate 25. Some protecting group changes and coupling of these two fragments gave the “dimers” 28 and 29, coupling of which gave the “tetramer” 30. Ring closure of this material using Yamaguchi’s method gave nonactin in 73% yield, substantially better than in any previous synthesis.
A new method for analysis of atrial activation during chronic atrial fibrillation in man (1996)

To further clarify the mechanisms maintaining chronic atrial fibrillation (CAF), a method identifying preferable activation patterns of the atria during fibrillation, by time averaging of multiple discrete excitation vectors, was developed. Repeated recordings, each of 56 atrial bipolar electrograms simultaneously acquired during 8 s, were made at multiple sites in the right atrial free wall and the left atrial appendage in 16 patients with CAF using a 2.17 x 3.54 cm electrode array. The local activation times (LAT's) in each recording were estimated as the median activation time at the respective measurement point. By calculating the time difference between the LAT's at adjacent measurement points in two spatial dimensions, a direction vector was created for each activation wave passing each set of measurement points, a total of 42 sets. By time averaging of the individual direction vectors (typically n = 55) at each set of measurement points, preferable activation patterns were determined. Three types of activation patterns were found: 1) inconsistent activation (n = 5), 2) consistent activation with preferential propagation directions (n = 7) and 3) consistent activation with impulses originating from a localizable site within the recording area (n = 4). All activation patterns were reproducible and the two latter patterns were proven significant using statistical tests. We conclude that this new method is useful in further clarification of the mechanisms involved in the maintenance of atrial fibrillation.