gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sequence analysis of the spo0B locus reveals a polycistronic transcription unit (1985)

A 2.3-kilobase pair EcoRI fragment containing the spo0B locus has been sequenced. The spo0B locus was shown to code for a protein of 22,542 daltons. Promoter distal to the spo0B locus, an open reading frame was uncovered which was preceded by a strong ribosome-binding site. S1 nuclease protection experiments revealed that both the spo0B locus and this open reading frame were part of the same transcript. A portion of the middle of the open reading frame was cloned in the integrative vector pJH101. Transformation of this plasmid into Bacillus subtilis 168 was only rarely successful, and those few colonies that arose consisted of cells that had lost the plasmid. The results suggested that the product of this open reading frame is essential for the growth of the bacterium. The regulation of the spo0B locus was studied by using translational spo0B-lacZ fusions in an integrative vector. These studies revealed that the spo0B locus was maximally expressed during vegetative growth. It was estimated that 50 to 100 copies of the protein are present during this period. Sequence analysis of the region upstream from the spo0B locus revealed another operon that contained a gene coding for a protein homologous to ribosomal protein L27 of Escherichia coli.
Crystallization and preliminary X‐ray analysis of a PNA‐DNA complex (1995)

Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) are DNA mimics with a peptide backbone. PNAs are being intensely investigated owing to a potential as gene-targeted drugs. A PNA (H-GTAGATCACT-NH2)-DNA (5'-AGTGATCTAC-3') complex has been crystallized in a tetragonal space group P4(1)22 with cell dimensions a = b = 79.8, c = 99.9 angstrum. The crystals diffract to about 5 angstrum resolution.
Neural Networks and the Bias/Variance Dilemma (1992)

Feedforward neural networks trained by error backpropagation are examples of nonparametric regression estimators. We present a tutorial on nonparametric inference and its relation to neural networks, and we use the statistical viewpoint to highlight strengths and weaknesses of neural models. We illustrate the main points with some recognition experiments involving artificial data as well as handwritten numerals. In way of conclusion, we suggest that current-generation feedforward neural networks are largely inadequate for difficult problems in machine perception and machine learning, regardless of parallel-versus-serial hardware or other implementation issues. Furthermore, we suggest that the fundamental challenges in neural modeling are about representation rather than learning per se. This last point is supported by additional experiments with handwritten numerals.
Derivation and Diversification of Monoclonal Antibodies (1986)

A l'aide de lignee d'hybridome, on peut diversifier une molecule d'anticorps en selectionnant des molecules mutantes, en ajoutant des chaines d'immunoglobulines lourdes ou legeres a l'aide de techniques «genetiques inverses» et en les reintroduisant dans des lignees cellulaires ou dans la lignee germinale d'une souris. Ces variants permettant d'etudier les relations structure-fonction des immunoglobulines de leur RNA et de genes. L'analyse des variants des anticorps monoclonaux a conduit a emettre des hypotheses sur l'interaction des chaines H et L dans les familles multigeniques
The Pharmaceutical Potential of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors (2007)

Protein acetylation, catalyzed by the opposing activities of histone deacetylases (HDAC) and histone acetyltransferases, is now recognized to be an important epigenetic modulator of gene transcriptional activity and cell function. As a result of the intense search for HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) during the past fifteen years, a large number of structurally divergent classes with variable potencies and isoenzyme selectivities have been identified. They occupy an important and promising position in a number of therapeutic areas. Several HDACi are under clinical evaluation as tumor cell-selective chemotherapeutics, and show great promise for the treatment of inflammatory disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, protozoal and latent viral infections, and (fibro)proliferative disorders. Recently, it was discovered that they might be used as enhancers of differentiation in stem cell therapy, and as medium supplements that stabilize the phenotype of primary cells in culture. Next to biological activity, the pharmaceutical potential of a compound is also dependent on the adequate translation of in vitro potency into in vivo efficacy whilst maintaining an acceptable safety profile. Therefore, this review will not only address the formerly mentioned applications, but will also deal with the pharmacokinetic and toxicological properties of currently available HDACi. Several compounds exert potent activities in vitro, but have been shown to be of limited therapeutic value due to rapid biotransformation, and thus poor in vivo bioavailability. The first attempts to improve the metabolic properties of HDACi have been made and will be discussed. In contrast to conventional chemotherapeutics, HDACi exert no drastic side effects at therapeutically effective doses. Although a bulk effect on histone acetylation is observed, HDACi display a remarkable tumor cell-selective toxicity. The mechanisms underlying these cell type-dependent differences in sensitivity to HDACi-mediated effects, however, remain largely elusive.
Two perceptually motivated strategies for shape classification (2010)

In this paper, we propose two new, perceptually motivated strategies to better measure the similarity of 2D shape instances that are in the form of closed contours. The first strategy handles shapes that can be decomposed into a base structure and a set of inward or outward pointing “strand” structures, where a strand structure represents a very thin, elongated shape part attached to the base structure. The similarity of two such shape contours can be better described by measuring the similarity of their base structures and strand structures in different ways. The second strategy handles shapes that exhibit good bilateral symmetry. In many cases, such shapes are invariant to a certain level of scaling transformation along their symmetry axis. In our experiments, we show that these two strategies can be integrated into available shape matching methods to improve the performance of shape classification on several widely-used shape data sets.
An Analysis of Battlefield Cricothyrotomy in Iraq and Afghanistan (2012)

The majority of patients who underwent PC died (66%). The largest group of survivors had gunshot wounds to the face and/or neck (38%) followed by explosion related injury to the face, neck and head (33%). Military medics have a 33% failure rate when performing this procedure compared to 15% for physicians and physician assistants. Minor complications occurred in 21% of cases. The survival rate and complication rates are similar to previous civilian studies of medics performing PC. However the failure rate for military medics is three to five times higher than comparable civilian studies. Further study is required to define the optimal equipment, technique, and training required for combat medics to master this infrequently performed but lifesaving procedure.
Role of Cell-Mediated Immunity in the Recovery of Cattle from Primary and Recurrent Infections with Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis Virus (1973)

When cattle infected with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV) were treated 3 months later with a synthetic corticosteroid, consistent recrudescence of the infection was observed. Suppression of cell-mediated immunity, as measured by lymphocyte transformation responses, could be demonstrated at the time of recrudescence. Treatment with adrenocorticotropic hormone and trigeminal neurotomy also resulted in recrudescence of IBRV, but immunosuppression was not detected in these animals. The detection of specific, antigen-induced, lymphocyte transformation responses at the time of recovery from both primary and recurrent infections suggests that cell-mediated immunity may be important in determining the duration and severity of the recurrent infection. However, immunosuppression may not be the direct mechanism of recrudescence. Lesions were not observed in untreated animals, and virus could not be detected in either tissues or secretions. However, both lesions and virus were found consistently after corticosteroid treatment.
Mutational analysis of the GNA11, MMP27, FGD1, TRRAP and GRM3 genes in thyroid cancer (2013)

Frequent somatic mutations in the <i>GNA11</i>, matrix metalloproteinase (<i>MMP)27</i>, <i>FGD1, TRRAP</i> and <i>GRM3</i> genes have been reported in various types of human cancer, but whether these genes are mutated in thyroid cancer is not known. In the present study, a mutational analysis of these genes was performed in thyroid cancer cell lines and thyroid cancer samples. No <i>GNA11</i> mutations were identified in the papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), follicular thyroid cancer (FTC) and anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) samples. Additionally, no mutations were identified in the <i>MMP27</i> gene, although three synonymous [C351T (N117N), C1089T (S363S) and G1227A (G409G)] single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were observed infrequently in ATC. No mutations were detected in the <i>FGD1</i> gene, but two infrequent synonymous [T2091C (T697T) and A2136G (P712P)] SNPs were observed in PTC. Furthermore, no mutations were identified in <i>TRRAP</i> and <i>GRM3</i>, although a frequent synonymous SNP [G1323A (T441T)] and infrequent non-synonymous SNP [G1424A (G475D)] of <i>GRM3</i> were observed in PTC. No mutation of these genes was observed in 12 cell lines derived from various types of thyroid cancer. The present study reports for the first time the mutational status of the <i>GNA11, MMP27, FGD1, TRRAP</i> and <i>GRM3</i> genes in thyroid cancer. No mutations were identified in these genes in the various types and cell lines of thyroid cancer. Therefore, unlike in other types of cancer, mutations in these genes are absent or uncommon in thyroid cancer.
Interleukin 4–induced gene 1 is activated in primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (2003)

The molecular markers that distinguish primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMBL) from nonmediastinal diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (NM-DLBLs) remain to be identified. Using cDNA representational difference analysis to compare PMBL and NM-DLBL transcripts, we isolated a cDNA fragment homologous to the mouse B-cell interleukin 4 (IL-4)-inducible gene FIG1 (interleukin 4-induced gene 1) transcript. The human FIG1 mRNA encodes a 567 amino acid protein that comprises a signal peptide and a large flavin-binding amino oxidase domain, and shares significant homology with secreted apoptosis-inducing L-amino acid oxidases. Northern blot studies showed that FIG1 mRNA expression is mainly restricted to lymphoid tissues. It is expressed at low levels in thymus, spleen, tonsils, and reactive lymph nodes, and is highly up-regulated in IL-4+CD40-activated tonsillar B cells. Interestingly, in human B-cell lines, FIG1 mRNA expression appeared restricted to the PMBL-derived MedB-1 and Karpas 1106 cell lines. Using real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), we demonstrated that all but one PMBL (16/17) displayed high FIG1 mRNA levels, whereas most NM-DLBLs (12/18) and all low-grade B-cell lymphomas tested (8/8) exhibited low FIG1 mRNA levels. The difference between PMBLs and NM-DLBLs was statistically significant (Fisher test; P =.0003). Southern blot studies did not show rearrangement of the FIG1 gene. FIG1 gene expression might be due to a constitutive activation of a cytokine signaling pathway in PMBL.
The Design of Sparse Antenna Array (2008)

The aim of antenna array synthesis is to achieve a desired radiation pattern with the minimum number of antenna elements. In this paper the antenna synthesis problem is studied from a totally new perspective. One of the key principles of compressive sensing is that the signal to be sensed should be sparse or compressible. This coincides with the requirement of minimum number of element in the antenna array synthesis problem. In this paper the antenna element of the array can be efficiently reduced via compressive sensing, which shows a great improvement to the existing antenna synthesis method. Moreover, the desired radiation pattern can be achieved in a very computation time which is even shorter than the existing method. Numerical examples are presented to show the high efficiency of the proposed method.
Fingerprinting of proteins cleaved in solution by cyanogen bromide. (1988)

This paper describes a simple method for fingerprinting proteins cleaved in solution with cyanogen bromide (CNBr). Two modifications of standard solution CNBr digestion conditions facilitate routine application of solution digestion to multiple samples. First, proteins are recovered by neutralizing formic acid with N-ethylmorpholine and precipitating with acetone. This eliminates the need for lyophilization. Second, thiols are blocked by disulfide interchange. Disulfide interchange is simpler than reduction-alkylation because the reagent is inert and the excess need not be removed. We show how CNBr fingerprints of bovine serum albumin can be interpreted in terms of the amino acid sequence in ways that proteolytic fingerprints cannot.
Connexin 43 connexon to gap junction transition is regulated by zonula occludens-1 (2011)

Connexin 43 (Cx43) is a gap junction (GJ) protein widely expressed in mammalian tissues that mediates cell-to-cell coupling. Intercellular channels comprising GJ aggregates form from docking of paired connexons, with one each contributed by apposing cells. Zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) binds the carboxy terminus of Cx43, and we have previously shown that inhibition of the Cx43/ZO-1 interaction increases GJ size by 48 h. Here we demonstrated that increases in GJ aggregation occur within 2 h (∼Cx43 half-life) following disruption of Cx43/ZO-1. Immunoprecipitation and Duolink protein-protein interaction assays indicated that inhibition targets ZO-1 binding with Cx43 in GJs as well as connexons in an adjacent domain that we term the "perinexus." Consistent with GJ size increases being matched by decreases in connexons, inhibition of Cx43/ZO-1 reduced the extent of perinexal interaction, increased the proportion of connexons docked in GJs relative to undocked connexons in the plasma membrane, and increased GJ intercellular communication while concomitantly decreasing hemichannel-mediated membrane permeance in contacting, but not noncontacting, cells. ZO-1 small interfering RNA and overexpression experiments verified that loss and gain of ZO-1 function govern the transition of connexons into GJs. It is concluded that ZO-1 regulates the rate of undocked connexon aggregation into GJs, enabling dynamic partitioning of Cx43 channel function between junctional and proximal nonjunctional domains of plasma membrane.
Quantitative Comparison of Constitutive Promoters in Human ES cells (2010)

The ACTB, EF1α and PGK promoters showed stable activities during long term culture of undifferentiated hESCs. The ACTB promoter was superior by maintaining expression in 75-80% of the cells after 50 days in culture. During embryoid body (EB) differentiation, promoter activities of all five promoters decreased. Although the EF1α promoter was downregulated in approximately 50% of the cells, it was the most stable promoter during differentiation. Gene expression analysis of differentiated eGFP+ and eGFP- cells indicate that promoter activities might be restricted to specific cell lineages, suggesting the need to carefully select optimal promoters for constitutive gene expression in differentiated hESCs.
Gene encoding the alpha chain of the T-cell receptor is moved immediately downstream of c-myc in a chromosomal 8;14 translocation in a cell line from a human T-cell leukemia. (1986)

The SKW-3 cell line, which was established from the malignant cells of a patient with T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, is characterized by a translocation involving chromosome 8 (band q24) and chromosome 14 (band q11) [t(8;14)(q24;q11)]. To determine the position of the gene encoding the alpha chain of the T-cell receptor and of the human protooncogene myc (c-myc) in relation to the breakpoint junctions and to evaluate their possible role in the pathogenesis of T-cell neoplasia, we applied the techniques of in situ chromosomal hybridization and Southern blot analysis to SKW-3 cells. Our results indicate that the breakpoint on chromosome 14 at band q11 occurs close to a joining sequence of the gene encoding the alpha chain of the T-cell receptor. Additional rearrangements within the alpha-chain locus appear to split the variable region cluster. As a result of the rearrangements, the constant region of this gene, as well as some variable region segments, are translocated to chromosome 8, to the 3' side of the c-myc-coding exons. The identification of a breakpoint to the 3' side of c-myc suggests that this translocation is analogous to the variant (2;8) and t(8;22) translocations observed in the B-cell malignancies.
Role of lymphotoxin in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). (1981)

The precise mechanism by which human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) lyse antibody-coated target cells in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) is unclear. Antiserum against purified human alpha-lymphotoxin (anti-LT serum) inhibited an ADCC reaction with human PBL as effector cells and antibody-coated mouse P815 mastocytoma cells as targets. This observation suggests that alpha-lymphotoxin is instrumental in the destruction of antibody-coated targets. The inhibition was not due to a cytotoxic effect of the anti-LT serum on the PBL, nor was it caused by the presence of IgG aggregates. PBL incubated with cycloheximide were still cytotoxic in the ADCC system, although to a somewhat lower degree. This finding suggests that de novo protein synthesis not essential in the cytotoxic reaction.
Alterations in Calcium Metabolism in Cancer Patients Treated with 6-Diazo-5-Oxo-L-Norleucine. (1956)

Ten patients with hypercalcemia and hypercalcuria and 1 patient with normocalcemia and hypercalcuria were treated with 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine alone or in combination with 6-mercaptopurine. Full correction of hypercalcemia with treatment occurred in 8 of 13 instances in these patients. Correction of hypercalcuria was observed in 9 of 14 instances. Various possible mechanisms underlying these observed effects are considered.
Sequential activation of ground pads reduces skin heating during radiofrequency ablation: Initial in vivo porcine results (2009)

Sequential activation of multiple ground pads resulted in significantly lower skin temperatures during highpower RF ablation.
Seroprevalence of antibodies to Sarcocystis neurona in horses residing in Oregon (1997)

The high seroprevalence of antibodies to S neurona in neurologically normal horses indicates that analysis of serum alone would not be useful for definitive diagnosis of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis in horses in Oregon.
Stent-Assisted Endovascular Thrombolysis Versus Intravenous Thrombolysis in Internal Carotid Artery Dissection With Tandem Internal Carotid and Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (2007)

Endovascular stent-assisted thrombolysis is a promising treatment in tandem internal carotid and middle cerebral artery occlusion due to internal carotid artery dissection and compares favorably with intravenous rtPA.
Fast Scan Conversion Algorithms for Displaying Ultrasound Sector Images (1994)

Two fast algorithms for interpolation of ultrasonic sector-scans were developed. Both algorithms are based on line-drawing algorithms and are free from multiplications in the innermost loops. The algorithms were compared to the following conventional interpolators: 2-D windowed sinc, bicubic spline, 4 x 4 point bicubic spline, bilinear, and nearest neighbor. The most accurate of the two new algorithms is about eight times faster than nearest neighbor interpolation. The quantitative errors are of the same order as the errors of the nearest neighbor interpolator. The subjective image quality is between nearest neighbor and bilinear interpolation.
One-Shot Blind CFO and Channel Estimation for OFDM With Multi-Antenna Receiver (2014)

In this paper, we design a new blind joint carrier frequency offset (CFO) and channel estimation method for orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) with multiantenna receiver. The proposed algorithm requires only one received OFDM block and thus belongs to the category of one-shot estimation methods. Other advantages of the proposed algorithm include 1) it supports fully loaded data carriers and is thus spectral efficient; 2) the channel from the transmitter to each receive antenna can be blindly estimated with only a scaling ambiguity; and 3) the algorithms outperforms the existing methods. Moreover, we derive the Cramér-Rao Bounds (CRB) of joint CFO and channel estimation in closed forms. Numeral results not only show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm but also demonstrate its closed performance to CRB.
Tax Relief, Chapter 2004: Tips for Implementing the New Rules (2005)

Ischemic stroke threatens public health dramatically, and demographic changes promise to continue this epidemic. Although medical advances in risk factor modification, hypertensive control, and antiplatelet therapy have mitigated morbidity and mortality of cerebrovascular disease somewhat, stroke still costs billions in healthcare dollars and reduces quality of life for many patients immeasurably. Carotid endarterectomy has been the standard for invasive management of carotid atherosclerosis, successfully reducing risk of stroke in asymptomatic and symptomatic patients. Despite this, many patients are at high risk for surgical intervention and have unacceptable outcomes. Fortunately, carotid artery stenting offers a less invasive and safer option for these patients. Given the recently published SAPPHIRE trial and other clinical trial data, it is likely that carotid artery stenting will supplant carotid endarterectomy for high-risk patients who require carotid revascularization.
A panel of isogenic human cancer cells suggests a therapeutic approach for cancers with inactivated p53 (2009)

Through targeted homologous recombination, we developed a panel of matched colorectal cancer cell lines that differ only with respect to their endogenous TP53 status. We then used these lines to define the genes whose expression was altered after DNA damage induced by ionizing radiation. Transcriptome analyses revealed a consistent up-regulation of polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) as well as other genes controlling the G(2)/M transition in the cells whose TP53 genes were inactivated compared with those with WT TP53 genes. This led to the hypothesis that the viability of stressed cells without WT TP53 depended on PLK1. This hypothesis was validated by demonstrating that stressed cancer cells without WT TP53 alleles were highly sensitive to PLK1 inhibitors, both in vivo and in vitro.
Assessment of age-dependent Uranium intake due to drinking water in Neendakara, Kollam District Kerala (2018)

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