gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular Basis of Receptor/G Protein Coupling Selectivity Studied by Coexpression of Wild Type and Mutant m2 Muscarinic Receptors with Mutant Gα<sub>q</sub>Subunits (1997)

The molecular basis of receptor/G protein coupling selectivity was studied by using the m2 muscarinic receptor, a prototypical G(i/o)-coupled receptor as a model system. We could recently show that the m2 receptor can efficiently interact with mutant G protein alpha(q) subunits in which the last five amino acids were replaced with alpha(i2) or alpha(o) sequence [Liu, J., Conklin, B. R., Blin, N., Yun, J., & Wess, J. (1995) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92, 11642-11646]. Additional mutagenesis studies led to the identification of a four-amino-acid motif on the m2 receptor (Val385, Thr386, Ile389, and Leu390) that is predicted to functionally interact with the C-terminal portion of alpha(i/o) subunits. To further investigate the structural requirements for this interaction to occur, these four m2 receptor residues were replaced, either individually or in combination, with the corresponding residues present in the G(q/11)-coupled muscarinic receptors (m1, m3, and m5). The ability of the resulting mutant m2 receptors to interact with a mutant alpha(q) subunit (qo5) in which the last five amino acids were replaced with alpha(o) sequence was investigated in co-transfected COS-7 cells [studied biochemical response: stimulation of phosphatidyl inositol (PI) hydrolysis]. Our data suggest that the presence of three of the four targeted m2 receptor residues (Val385, Thr386, and Ile389) is essential for efficient recognition of C-terminal alpha(i/o) sequences. To study which specific amino acids within the C-terminal segment of alpha(i/o) subunits are critical for this interaction to occur, the wild type m2 receptor was co-expressed with a series of mutant alpha(q) subunits containing single or multiple alpha(q) --> alpha(i1,2) point mutations at their C-terminus. Remarkably, the wild type m2 receptor, while unable to efficiently stimulate wild type alpha(q), gained the ability to productively interact with three alpha(q) single-point mutants, providing the first example that the receptor coupling selectivity of G protein alpha subunits can be switched by single amino acid substitutions. Given the high degree of structural homology among different G protein-coupled receptors and among different classes of G protein alpha subunits, our results should be of broad general relevance.
Combinatorial fluorescence energy transfer tags: new molecular tools for genomics applications (2002)

DNA sequencing and analysis reagents developed using the fluorescence energy transfer (ET) principle and synthetic chemistry are markedly superior when compared to single dye-labeled oligonucleotide primers and dideoxynucleotides. These ET reagents played a key role in sequencing the human genome. Combinatorial fluorescence energy transfer (CFET) tags, constructed by exploiting energy transfer and combinatorial synthesis to generate unique fluorescence emission signatures, allow multiplex biological assays to be performed. All of the CFET tags can be excited at a single wavelength and analyzed by a simple optical system. The design, synthesis, spectroscopic properties, and applications of these flourescent molecular tools in genomics are described.
Molecular Design of Epoxy Resins for Microelectronics Packaging (1995)

The relation between the structure and properties of epoxy resins were investigated to achieve the followings, (1) improved toughness, (2) low moisture absorption, (3) increased heat resistance, (4) low thermal expansion, and (5) decreased viscosity of epoxy resins for high filler loading. It was found that introduction of a rigid group, such as 4, 4'-biphenyl or 2, 6-naphthalene moiety, was an effective way to improve fracture toughness, and the naphthalene based resins were effective for lowering moisture absorption, increasing glass transition temperature, and lowering thermal expansion. Several epoxy resins of the bisphenol type with lower melting viscosity were synthesized and used as molding compounds for IC packaging. Crack resistance of the packages using these resins was markedly superior owing to high filler loading due to their lower viscosity.
Experimental and theoretical investigations of near infrared tomographic imaging methods and clinical applications (2002)

Available from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:DXN059985 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply Centre
Factors affecting the irreversible attachment of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> to stainless steel (1983)

To better understand the interaction between bacteria and surfaces, we studied the irreversible attachment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to a common surfacing material. When brought into contact with the steel, cells began to attach in less than 1 min and the number adhering increased with time. An important physiological variable in attachment was cell motility since adherence decreased at least 90% when flagella were removed by blending. This treatment was shown to be effective because it caused motility loss and not because it removed a structure necessary for adherence. Cell viability was less important since adherence decreased only 50% when the number of viable cells was reduced 4.7 logs by heating or formaldehyde treatment. Significant environmental variables included turbulence and ionic strength. Attachment of motile cells was reduced 90% by agitation, although agitation had little effect on adherence of nonmotile cells. Both motile and nonmotile cells adhered poorly in distilled water with attachment increasing as CaCl2 or NaCl concentration increased to 10 mM. At 100 mM, attachment decreased. Viable cells, both motile and nonmotile, adhered best at a pH of 7 to 8, whereas nonviable cells attached most rapidly at a low pH.
Gait analysis in amputees. (1985)

There are marked differences from normal in both AK and BK gait. Forward velocity of walking is significantly lower in the amputee and is lower in the AK than in the BK subjects. Traumatic AK amputees ambulate with time-distance parameters of velocity, cadence, stride length and gait cycle which are all two standard deviations below normal. The same parameters for the traumatic BK amputee are only one standard deviation below normal. The symmetry of walking seen in the normal subject is not present in the lower extremity amputee. Measurements of single limb support times and motion analysis of the lower extremities as well as of the head, arms and trunk bear this out. This asymmetry of motion increases the excursion of the center of mass during each cycle and thereby increases the energy cost of ambulation. Energy cost of amputee gait often places the dysvascular AK amputee at his limits and strains other amputees severely. Further research is necessary to enable amputees to approach the walking capabilities of normal people.
Nested threshold cell discarding for ATM overload control: optimization under cell loss constraints (1991)

Overload control in asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) networks is dealt with via priority cell discarding mechanisms governed by a set of nested queue fill thresholds. An efficient search technique is developed which is applicable to any number of discarding priorities for determining the set of thresholds that optimize the offered load when constraints on cell loss (discarding) probabilities are specified. Results are presented as a function of queue capacity for given traffic distribution and arrival statistics. The results indicate that nested threshold discarding systems can support significantly higher traffic loads than systems without priorities. The sensitivity of the performance advantage to traffic mix and cell loss constraints is also illustrated. The efficient search procedure is shown to provide substantial computational gain when there are more than two discarding priorities.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
GGRA: A Feasible Resource Allocation Scheme by Optimization Technique for IEEE 802.16 Uplink Systems (2010)

Generally, optimization techniques for resource allocation of OFDMA systems are infeasible for real-time applications. In this paper, we propose a genetic algorithm with subscriber station (SS) grouping resource allocation (GGRA) scheme for IEEE 802.16 uplink systems. The GGRA scheme firstly designs a rate assignment strategy, applied with a predefined residual lifetime, to allocate resource to each service dynamically. It then aggregates high correlation SSs into the same group, where the SSs will be allocated to different slots so as to avoid mutual user interference. Finally, the GGRA scheme finds an optimal assignment matrix for the system by the genetic algorithm, based on the SS groups to greatly lessen the computation complexity. The GGRA scheme can also maximize system throughput and fulfill QoS requirements. Simulation results show that the proposed GGRA scheme performs better than the EFS algorithm [] and the MLWDF algorithm [] in system throughput, voice/video packet drop rate, unsatisfied ratio of HTTP users/packets, and FTP throughput. The computation complexity of the GGRA scheme is also tractable and thus feasible for real-time applications.
REquirements, Aspects and Software Quality: the REASQ model. (2010)

Object-oriented analysis and design have been more concerned with system functionality, neglecting non-functional aspects; the result is code which is tangled and difficult to maintain, contradicting main principles of object orientation. Aspect Oriented Software Development (AOSD) proposes the early specification of non-functional requirements. However, a standard and homogenous vision of the AOSD terminology is still missing. The goal of this work is to integrate AOSD concepts, classic requirements engineering notions, and the new standard ISO/IEC 25030 on software quality requirements.The main result of this study is the REASQ (REquirements, Aspects and Software Quality) conceptual model, expressed in UML. All the modelling concepts are formalized into three related ontologies, representing the ambits of aspect-orientation, software quality and requirements engineering. The ontologies can be used as an umbrella to specify quality requirements in aspect-oriented engineering processes.
Structured illumination microscopy: artefact analysis and reduction utilizing a parameter optimization approach (2004)

Practical applications of structured illumination microscopy (SIM) often suffer from various artefacts that result from imprecise instrumental hardware and certain bleaching properties of the sample. These artefacts can be observed as residual stripe patterns originating from the illumination grating. We investigated some significant causes of these artefacts and developed a correction approach that can be applied to images after acquisition. Most of the artefacts can be attributed to changes in illumination and detection intensities during acquisition. The proposed correction algorithm has been shown to be functional on noisy image data, and produces exceptional, artefact-free results in everyday laboratory work.
Solid phase activation of alternative pathway of complement by beta-1,3-glucans and its possible role for tumour regressing activity. (1978)

The efficiency of some anti-tumour polysaccharides, such as lentinan, pachyman, pachymaran, carboxymethylpachymaran and hydroxyethylpachyman to trigger the alternative pathway of complement activation (APC) was investigated in detail, in order to clarify whether solid phase activation of APC by these polysaccharides will occur or not. From the eight polysaccharides tested, all were found to be potent activators of the alternative pathway except for carboxymethylpachymaran, regardless of their potency of inhibition of sarcoma 180 (S 180) transplanted in mice. This activation was observed both for the insoluble as well as the soluble part of the same polysaccharide. The turnover of C3, C5 and factor B showed no difference among these seven active polysaccharides. The polysaccharide particles (PX), isolated after treatment with C4d GPS showed prominent C3 consuming activity, which disappeared during prolonged incubation at 37 degrees. The activity of the decayed enzyme could be regenerated by treatment with the purified factor B. The stability of the particulate enzyme PX was comparable to the zymosan-complex (ZX) previously described.
Application of alkali ions in chemical ionization mass spectrometry (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTApplication of alkali ions in chemical ionization mass spectrometryR. V. Hodges and J. L. BeauchampCite this: Anal. Chem. 1976, 48, 6, 825–829Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60370a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60370a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views125Altmetric-Citations64LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Rhodium(II) Carboxylates: Novel Highly Efficient Catalysts for the Cyclopropanation of Alkenes with Alkyl Diazoacetates (1976)

peer reviewed
Intra-Arterial Cis-Platinum Infusion with Sodium Thiosulfate Protection and Angiotensin II Induced Hypertension for Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (1988)

Cis-diamminedichloroplatinum II (CDDP; 52-169 mg/m2) mixed with angiotensin II (1.5-10 micrograms/min) was infused into the hepatic artery in 33 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Simultaneously, sodium thiosulfate (10-50 g) was administered intravenously in order to reduce the systemic toxicity of CDDP. Over 50 per cent reduction in tumor size was obtained in 18 patients (55%). Complete response was achieved in 4 patients (12%). Serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels decreased by more than 75 per cent in 10 of 18 patients in whom the previous AFP level was more than 200 ng/ml. The one year survival rate was estimated at 61 per cent by the Kaplan-Meier method. Alimentary symptoms (nausea, vomiting) were mild or non-existent in nearly 90 per cent of treatments. Peptic ulcer and abdominal pain were manifested in small numbers. Severe changes in the laboratory data were not observed. High dosage arterial infusion of CDDP and angiotensin II and intravenous injection of sodium thiosulfate was well tolerated and gave effective therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma.
Bacterial protein disulfide isomerase: Efficient catalysis of oxidative protein folding at acidic pH (1993)

Periplasmic protein disulfide isomerase (DsbA) is essential for disulfide formation in Escherichia coli. The tryptophan fluorescence of DsbA measures the redox state of the enzyme during catalysis of the oxidative folding of hirudin, a thrombin inhibitor containing three disulfide bonds and lacking tryptophan. With stoichiometric amounts of DsbA, reduced hirudin is rapidly oxidized in a process initially leading to random disulfides. Disulfide reshuffling involving reduced DsbA yields completely native inhibitor within 1 h, even at pH 4. Catalytic amounts of DsbA become essential for hirudin folding in the presence of redox buffers at acidic pH. The second-order rate constants of disulfide exchange reactions involving DsbA are several orders of magnitude above the known values for alkyl dithiols and disulfide oxidoreductases. DsbA preferably reacts with reduced, unfolded polypeptides. The reduction of DsbA by hirudin is faster by 1 order of magnitude than its reduction by the strong reductant dithiothreitol. Together, unusually fast disulfide interchange reactions and a preference for folding polypeptides appear to be responsible for the catalytic efficiency of DsbA and for disulfide formation in vivo at acidic pH.
Cardiomyocyte proliferation vs progenitor cells in myocardial regeneration: The debate continues (2013)

In recent years, several landmark studies have provided compelling evidence that cardiomyogenesis occurs in the adult mammalian heart. However, the rate of new cardiomyocyte formation is inadequate for complete restoration of the normal mass of myocardial tissue, should a significant myocardial injury occur, such as myocardial infarction. The cellular origin of postnatal cardiomyogenesis in mammals remains a controversial issue and two mechanisms seem to be participating, proliferation of pre-existing cardiomyocytes and myogenic differentiation of progenitor cells. We will discuss the relative importance of these two processes in different settings, such as normal ageing and post-myocardial injury, as well as the strengths and limitations of the existing experimental methodologies used in the relevant studies. Further clarification of the mechanisms underlying cardiomyogenesis in mammals will open the way for their therapeutic exploitation in the clinical field, with the scope of myocardial regeneration.
Scalable and distributed key array authentication protocol in radio frequency identification-based sensor systems (2011)

Radio frequency identification (RFID)-based sensor systems are emerging as a new generation of wireless sensor networks by inherently integrating identification, sensing, communications and computation capabilities. Security and privacy are critical issues in dealing with a large amount of sensed data. In the study, the authors propose a distributed key array authentication protocol (KAAP) that provides classified security protection. KAAP is synthetically analysed in three aspects: logic, security and performance. The logic analysis includes messages formalisation, initial assumptions and anticipant goals based on GNY Logic formal method to verify the design correctness of the protocol. The security analysis with respect to confidentiality, integrity, authentication, anonymity and availability is performed via the simulated attacks, which involves supposing the attacker&apos;s identity, simulating the attacker&apos;s authentication process and creating compromised conditions. Such analysis ensures that the protocol has an ability to resist both external attacks (spoofing, replay, tracking and Denial of Service) and internal forgery attacks. Additionally, the performance is evaluated and compared with other related protocols to show that KAAP can improve the reliability and efficiency of sensor systems with insignificantly increased complexity. The result indicates that the protocol is reliable and scalable in advanced RFID-based sensor systems.
Development of resistance mechanisms to the growth-inhibitory effects of transforming growth factor-beta during tumor progression. (1993)

Members of the transforming growth factor-beta family, especially transforming growth factor-beta type 1, are among the most potent growth-inhibitory factors for epithelial, lymphohematopoietic, and neuroectodermal cells. Resistance to transforming growth factor-beta-mediated growth inhibition is frequently observed in cancers derived from these cell types. We review two important aspects of cancer cell resistance to transforming growth factor-beta: 1) It occurs progressively during the multistep process of tumor progression, and 2) it may encompass a potentially wide range of mechanisms involving transforming growth factor-beta-receptor alterations and cell-signaling defects. Stepwise increases in resistance to the growth-inhibitory action of transforming growth factor-beta may therefore sometimes be attributed to not one but several defects that are involved in transforming growth factor-beta activation, binding, and signaling. These factors accumulate within expanding tumor subclones during disease progression.
SIRC: An Extensible Reconfigurable Computing Communication API (2010)

Reconfigurable computing applications often need to divide computation between software running on a conventional desktop processor and hardware mapped to an FPGA. However, the reconfigurable computing development platforms available today either do not provide a sufficient mechanism for the communication and synchronization that is needed or else employ a complex & proprietary API specific to a given toolflow or device, limiting code portability. The Simple Interface for Reconfigurable Computing (SIRC) project provides a straightforward, portable and extensible open-source communication and synchronization API. It consists of both a software-side interface and a hardware-side interface that allows C++ code running on a host PC to communicate and synchronize with a Verilog-based circuit mapped to a FPGA. One key feature of this API is that both the hardware and software user interfaces can remain consistent across all platforms and future releases. This allows applications built for existing systems to migrate to different platforms without significant modification to user code.
ATR Pathway Inhibition Is Synthetically Lethal in Cancer Cells with ERCC1 Deficiency (2014)

The DNA damage response kinase ATR and its effector kinase CHEK1 are required for cancer cells to survive oncogene-induced replication stress. ATR inhibitors exhibit synthetic lethal interactions, with deficiencies in the DNA damage response enzymes ATM and XRCC1 and with overexpression of the cell cycle kinase cyclin E. Here, we report a systematic screen to identify synthetic lethal interactions with ATR pathway-targeted drugs, rationalized by their predicted therapeutic utility in the oncology clinic. We found that reduced function in the ATR pathway itself provided the strongest synthetic lethal interaction. In addition, we found that loss of the structure-specific endonuclease ERCC1-XPF (ERCC4) is synthetic lethal with ATR pathway inhibitors. ERCC1-deficient cells exhibited elevated levels of DNA damage, which was increased further by ATR inhibition. When treated with ATR or CHEK1 inhibitors, ERCC1-deficient cells were arrested in S-phase and failed to complete cell-cycle transit even after drug removal. Notably, triple-negative breast cancer cells and non-small cell lung cancer cells depleted of ERCC1 exhibited increased sensitivity to ATR pathway-targeted drugs. Overall, we concluded that ATR pathway-targeted drugs may offer particular utility in cancers with reduced ATR pathway function or reduced levels of ERCC4 activity.