gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Estrogen on Mitochondrial Function and Intracellular Stress Markers in Rat Liver and Kidney following Trauma-Hemorrhagic Shock and Prolonged Hypotension (2010)

Trauma-hemorrhage (T-H) is known to impair tissue perfusion, leading to tissue hypoxia, and thus affecting mitochondria, the organelles with the highest oxygen demand. In a model of T-H and prolonged hypotension without fluid resuscitation, administration of a small volume of 17beta-estradiol (E2), but not vehicle, prolonged the survival of rats for 3 h, even in the absence of fluid resuscitation. The main finding of this study is that T-H followed by prolonged hypotension significantly affects mitochondrial function, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers and free iron levels, and that E2 ameliorated all these changes. All of these changes were observed in the liver but not in the kidney. The sensitivity of mitochondrial respiration to exogenous cytochrome c can reflect increased permeability of the outer mitochondrial membrane for cytochrome c. Increased levels of free iron are indicative of oxidative stress, but neither oxidative nor nitrosylative stress markers changed. The spliced isoform of XBP1 mRNA (an early marker of ER stress) and the expression of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) (a protein regulating ER stress-induced apoptosis) were elevated in T-H animals but remained unchanged if T-H rats received E2. Both the prevention of elevated sensitivity of mitochondrial respiration to cytochrome c and a decrease in ER stress by E2 maintain functional integrity of the liver and may help the organ during prolonged hypotension and following resuscitation. A decrease in free iron levels by E2 is more relevant for resuscitation, often accompanied by oxidative stress reaction. Thus, E2 appears to be a novel hormonal adjunct that prolongs permissive hypotension during lengthy transportation of the injured patient between the injury site and the hospital in both civilian and military injuries.
The sterol substrate specificity of acyl CoA: :cholesterol acyltransferase from rat liver. (1982)

Rat liver microsomes were incubated with various sterols suspended in Triton WR-1339, and the extent of esterification of these sterols by acyl CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase was determined. A 3 beta-hydroxyl group was required for esterification to occur. Furthermore, the rate of ester formation of campesterol was only 20% that of cholesterol, and the rates for sitosterol and stigmasterol were below detectable limits indicating that the structure of the alkyl side chain plays an important role in the interaction between substrate and enzyme. Additional evidence concerning the importance of the side chain was obtained by following the esterification of a series of linear side chain analogues of cholesterol. Maximal ester formation was obtained when the longest chain on C-20 had five carbons (the same as cholesterol) and either an increase or decrease in the number of carbons reduced the amount of ester formed. Sterols containing a 4-gem-dimethyl group were not esterified, while 4 alpha-methylcholest-7-en-3 beta-ol showed significant esterification. Lathosterol, cholestanol, and desmosterol were esterified 41%, 70%, and 62%, respectively, as well as was cholesterol. The relationship between the specificity of acyl CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase and the occurrence of sterol esters in tissues is discussed.
The 193-Kd Vault Protein, Vparp, Is a Novel Poly(Adp-Ribose) Polymerase (1999)

Mammalian vaults are ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes, composed of a small ribonucleic acid and three proteins of 100, 193, and 240 kD in size. The 100-kD major vault protein (MVP) accounts for >70% of the particle mass. We have identified the 193-kD vault protein by its interaction with the MVP in a yeast two-hybrid screen and confirmed its identity by peptide sequence analysis. Analysis of the protein sequence revealed a region of approximately 350 amino acids that shares 28% identity with the catalytic domain of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). PARP is a nuclear protein that catalyzes the formation of ADP-ribose polymers in response to DNA damage. The catalytic domain of p193 was expressed and purified from bacterial extracts. Like PARP, this domain is capable of catalyzing a poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation reaction; thus, the 193-kD protein is a new PARP. Purified vaults also contain the poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation activity, indicating that the assembled particle retains enzymatic activity. Furthermore, we show that one substrate for this vault-associated PARP activity is the MVP. Immunofluorescence and biochemical data reveal that p193 protein is not entirely associated with the vault particle, suggesting that it may interact with other protein(s). A portion of p193 is nuclear and localizes to the mitotic spindle.
Cell-specific action and mutable structure of a transcription factor effector domain. (1993)

POU proteins are cell-specific transcription factors whose specificity of action has been attributed to protein-DNA and protein-protein interactions mediated by their DNA-binding (POU) domains. Here we report that transcriptional activation by SCIP, a POU protein expressed by developing Schwann cells, is dependent on an amino-terminal effector domain and that this domain mediates cell-specific transactivation in the complete absence of the POU domain. When fused to a heterologous DNA-binding domain, this SCIP domain is a potent transactivator in Schwann cells but is inactive in three heterologous cell types. The primary structure of the SCIP amino-terminal domain is novel but contains a polymorphic string of alanine residues similar to those found in several other transcription factors. Although previously hypothesized to be important for transcription factor activity, we find that the SCIP string is functionally irrelevant. We propose that homopolymers of alanine, and certain other amino acids, do not represent a motif required for transcription factor function but instead reflect regions of unstable DNA related to those associated with four recently characterized human genetic disorders.
5.8-GHz CMOS T/R switches with high and low substrate resistances in a 0.18-μm CMOS process (2003)

Two single-pole, double-throw transmit/receive switches were designed and fabricated with different substrate resistances using a 0.18-μm p/sup $/substrate CMOS process. The switch with low substrate resistances exhibits 0.8-dB insertion loss and 17-dBm P/sub 1dB/ at 5.825 GHz, whereas the switch with high substrate resistances has 1-dB insertion loss and 18-dBm P/sub 1dB/. These results suggest that the optimal insertion loss can be achieved with low substrate resistances and 5.8-GHz T/R switches with excellent insertion loss and reasonable power handling capability can be implemented in a 0.18-μm CMOS process.
On‐Demand Dissolution of a Dendritic Hydrogel‐based Dressing for Second‐Degree Burn Wounds through Thiol–Thioester Exchange Reaction (2016)

An adhesive yet easily removable burn wound dressing represents a breakthrough in second-degree burn wound care. Current second-degree burn wound dressings absorb wound exudate, reduce bacterial infections, and maintain a moist environment for healing, but are surgically or mechanically debrided from the wound, causing additional trauma to the newly formed tissues. We have developed an on-demand dissolvable dendritic thioester hydrogel burn dressing for second-degree burn care. The hydrogel is composed of a lysine-based dendron and a PEG-based crosslinker, which are synthesized in high yields. The hydrogel burn dressing covers the wound and acts as a barrier to bacterial infection in an in vivo second-degree burn wound model. A unique feature of the hydrogel is its capability to be dissolved on-demand, via a thiol-thioester exchange reaction, allowing for a facile burn dressing removal.
Diffusion wear in milling titanium alloys (1988)

In this paper, diffusion wear during milling of titanium alloys is reported. In high speed milling, tool wear is mainly caused by diffusion. The wear pattern is characterised by the combined extension of crater wear on the rake face and glacier wear on the flank. Evidence of diffusion of cobalt and carbon at the interface between the milling cutter and the workpiece has been obtained. It was demonstrated for the first time that, as diffusion wear occurred, a carbon rich layer was formed at the tool/workpiece interface while the tool material below the flank wearland was depleted in carbon. Wear occurred as a result of embrittlement and weakening of the tool surface resulting from the diffusion process.MST/674
Rapid Analyte Recognition in a Device Based on Optical Sensors and the Olfactory System (1996)

We report here the development of a new vapor sensing device that is designed as an array of optically based chemosensors providing input to a pattern recognition system incorporating artificial neural networks. Distributed sensors providing inputs to an integrative circuit is a principle derived from studies of the vertebrate olfactory system. In the present device, primary chemosensing input is provided by an array of fiber-optic sensors. The individual fiber sensors, which are broadly yet differentially responsive, were constructed by immobilizing molecules of the fluorescent indicator dye Nile Red in polymer matrices of varying polarity, hydrophobicity, pore size, elasticity, and swelling tendency, creating unique sensing regions that interact differently with vapor molecules. The fluorescent signals obtained from each fiber sensor in response to 2-s applications of different analyte vapors have unique temporal characteristics. Using signals from the fiber array as inputs, artificial neural networks were trained to identify both single analytes and binary mixtures, as well as relative concentrations. Networks trained with integrated response data from the array or with temporal data from a single fiber made numerous errors in analyte identification across concentrations. However, when trained with temporal information from the fiber array, networks using "name" or "characteristic" output codes performed well in identifying test analytes.
Towards therapeutic applications of engineered zinc finger proteins (2004)

It has long been the goal of molecular biologists to design DNA-binding proteins for the specific control of gene expression. The zinc finger design is ideally suited for such purposes, discriminating between closely related sequences both in vitro and in vivo. Whereas other DNA-binding proteins generally make use of the 2-fold symmetry of the double helix, zinc fingers do not and so can be linked linearly in tandem to recognize DNA sequences of different lengths, with high fidelity. This modular design offers a large number of combinatorial possibilities for the specific recognition of DNA. By fusing zinc finger peptides to repression or activation domains, genes can be selectively targeted and switched off and on. Several recent applications of such engineered zinc finger proteins (ZFPs) are described, including the activation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in a human cell line and an animal model. Clinical trials have recently begun on using VEGF-activating ZFPs to treat human peripheral arterial disease, by stimulating vascular growth. Also in progress are pre-clinical studies using ZFPs to target the defective genes in two monogenic disorders, SCID and SCA. The aim is to replace them in each case by a correct copy from an extrachromosomal DNA donor by means of homologous recombination. Promising results are reported.
Evaluation of kinetic parameters of thermal decomposition of native collagen by thermogravimetric analysis (1974)

Abstract The kinetic parameters associated with the thermal decomposition of native collagen have been obtained by thermogravimetric techniques. In order to achieve this a thermogravimetric analysis was carried out in the temperature range of 25°C to about 1000°C. In this temperature range, it had been found that the differential primary weight loss curve had yielded three distinct peaks for the tendon collagen. The thermal decomposition corresponding to each peak was analyzed to retrieve its kinetic parameters. The peak temperature associated with the first peak decreased as the water content in a sample increased, while that of the second peak was independent of its hydration condition. It is believed that the first and the second peaks are, respectively, results of: ( 1 ) dissociation of water from collagen, and ( 2 ) of breaking of the collagen molecule itself. The third peak has not been easily identified so far. The activation energy and the order of water decomposition are obtained by various known methods. The results obtained by these different approaches agree reasonably well. The kinetic parameters of second and third peak are also obtained and reported here.
A Route for Bulk Separation of Semiconducting from Metallic Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes (2003)

Substantial separation of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) according to type (metallic versus semiconducting) has been achieved for HiPco and laser-ablated SWNTs. We presently argue that stable dispersions of SWNTs with octadecylamine (ODA) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) originate from the physisorption and organization of ODA along the SWNT sidewalls in addition to the originally proposed zwitterion model. Furthermore, the reported affinity of amine groups for semiconducting SWNTs, as opposed to their metallic counterparts, contributes additional stability to the physisorbed ODA. This provides a venue for the selective precipitation of metallic SWNTs upon increasing dispersion concentration, as indicated by Raman investigations.
The CM array: An adaptive beamformer for constant modulus signals (2005)

This paper introduces a new adaptive beam-forming algorithm called the CM Array. Unlike existing adaptive beamformers, the adaptive CM Array exploits the constant modulus (cm) property of the signal of interest (soi) to steer a beam in the direction of the soi while steering nulls in the directions of interference.
A 12.8 GS/s Time-Interleaved ADC With 25 GHz Effective Resolution Bandwidth and 4.6 ENOB (2014)

This paper presents a 12.8 GS/s 32-way hierarchically time-interleaved SAR ADC with 4.6 ENOB in 65 nm CMOS. The prototype utilizes hierarchical sampling and cascode sampler circuits to enable greater than 25 GHz 3 dB effective resolution bandwidth (ERBW). We further employ a pseudo-differential SAR ADC to save power and area. The core circuit occupies only 0.23 mm 2 and consumes a total of 162 mW from dual 1.2 V/1.1 V supplies. The design achieves a SNDR of 29.4 dB at low frequencies and 26.4 dB at 25 GHz, resulting in a figure-of-merit of 0.79 pJ/conversion-step. As will be further described in the paper, the circuit architecture used in this prototype enables expansion to 25.6 GS/s or 51.2 GS/s via additional interleaving without significantly impacting ERBW.
Translocation of the Retina for Management of Subfoveal Choroidal Neovascularization I: Experimental Studies in the Rabbit Eye (1998)

Limited retinal translocation with repositioning of the central retina was accomplished in rabbits.
A quantitative evaluation of the extent of fluralaner uptake by ticks (Ixodes ricinus, Ixodes scapularis) in fluralaner (BravectoTM) treated vs. untreated dogs using the parameters tick weight and coxal index (2015)

Fluralaner is a new antiparasitic drug that was recently introduced as BravectoTM chewable tablets for the treatment of tick and flea infestations in dogs. Most marketed tick products exert their effect via topical application and contact exposure to the parasite. In contrast, BravectoTM delivers its acaricidal activity through systemic exposure. Tick exposure to fluralaner occurs after attachment to orally treated dogs, which induces a tick-killing effect within 12 h. The fast onset of killing lasts over the entire treatment interval (12 weeks) and suggests that only marginal uptake by ticks is required to induce efficacy. Three laboratory studies were conducted to quantify the extent of uptake by comparison of ticks’ weight and coxal index obtained from BravectoTM-treated and negative-control dogs. Three studies were conducted using experimental tick infestation with either Ixodes ricinus or Ixodes scapularis after oral administration of fluralaner to dogs. All studies included a treated (BravectoTM chewable tablets, MSD Animal Health) and a negative control group. Each study had a similar design for assessing vitality and weighing of ticks collected from dogs of both groups. Additionally, in one study the coxal index (I. ricinus) was calculated as a ratio of tick’s ventral coxal gap and dorsal width of scutum. Tick weight data and coxal indices from BravectoTM-treated and negative-control groups were compared via statistical analysis. Ticks collected from BravectoTM-treated dogs weighed significantly less (p ≤ 0.0108) than ticks collected from negative-control dogs, and their coxal index was also significantly lower (p < 0.0001). The difference in tick weights was demonstrated irrespective of the tick species investigated (I. ricinus, I. scapularis). At some assessments the mean tick weights of BravectoTM-treated dogs were significantly lower than those of unfed pre-infestation (baseline) ticks. The demonstrated tick-killing efficacy was in the range of 94.6 – 100 %. Tick weights and coxal indices confirm that a minimal uptake results in a sufficient exposure of ticks to fluralaner (BravectoTM) and consequently in a potent acaricidal effect.
Control logic and cell design for a 4K NVRAM (1983)

A high-density 4K 5-V-only nonvolatile static RAM has been designed using a wafer stepper HMOS I FLOTOX E/SUP 2/PROM technology. Normal SRAM read/write operations and parallel data transfer between SRAM and E/SUP 2/PROM array are possible. On-chip high-voltage regulation and generation, junction leakage control, and self-timing circuitry ensure full military temperature operation. Power-down store lockout protection and power-up automatic recall are featured.
Stretched pulse Yb^3+:silica fiber laser (1997)

We report what we believe to be the first results on short-pulse generation in Yb(3+) :silica fiber. By applying the stretched pulse technique in a unidirectional, polarization-switch Yb(3+) fiber laser incorporating a prism-based dispersive delay line, we obtain self-start mode locking and 100-pJ pulses that can be compressed to give clean chirp-free <100-fs pulses. We believe such sources to have great potential for use not only in all-solid-state, high-power femtosecond pulse systems based on Yb(3+) :silica glass but also as seeds for conventional Nd(3+) :glass amplifier chains.
Tangled Web of Contracts Shapes Gas Market (1996)

The main challenges that the New Zealand gas market faces are discussed. The main reason for the challenges is the effective management of the transition from dependency on Maui to new sources of gas; however, these can be tackled through effective cooperation from all participants as well as government.
Anti-<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>activity of<i>Plumbago zeylanica</i>L. (2004)

It has been shown that the presence of infection by Helicobacter pylori is strongly associated with gastric cancer and peptic ulceration. In western medicine, a 3-fold therapeutic regimen, emphasizing the use of antibiotics, is typically used to suppress H. pylori activity. However, antibiotic drug resistance frequently develops as a consequence of such treatment. In our previous study, 50 Taiwanese folk medicinal plants were screened for their anti-H. pylori activities. The results revealed that Plumbago zeylanica L. had the highest inhibitory effects against H. pylori. In this study, therefore, we have focused on establishing the anti-H. pylori activities of P. zeylanica L. Water and the organic solvents ethanol, ethyl acetate and acetone were used for P. zeylanica L. extraction, obtaining yields of 1.66-6.84% (w/w). Excluding the water extract, higher anti-H. pylori activity was demonstrated for all the extracts, both using the agar diffusion and dilution methods. The ethyl acetate extract exhibited the lowest minimum inhibitory concentrations against five H. pylori strains, of which ranged from 0.32 to 1.28 mg ml-1, followed, in ascending order, by the acetone, ethanol and water analogs. Bactericidal activity was determined for P. zeylanica L. extracts, with the lowest minimum bactericidal concentrations (5.12-20.48 mg ml-1) demonstrated for the ethyl acetate, followed, in ascending order, by the acetone and ethanol analogs. Bactericidal activity appeared to be in a dose-dependent manner. Through a broad pH range (2-7), bactericidal activity was not affected when extract concentrations were greater than or equal to the minimum bactericidal concentration. High stability was demonstrated for the ethyl acetate P. zeylanica L. extract within pH range of 1-7, exhibiting all pH treatments bactericidal activity.
The balance between nitric oxide and superoxide determines apoptotic and necrotic death of rat mesangial cells (1997)

Nitric oxide (NO.) and superoxide (O2-) are inflammatory mediators. Their formation seems to be associated with apoptotic and/or necrotic cell death in diseases such as mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis in which the early phase of mesangiolysis is linked to significant NO. production. Notably, mesangial cells (MC) not only generate NO. but also O2- after cytokine stimulation. Here we investigated the interrelation between NO. and O2- in MC death by generating both radicals with the use of NO donors (S-nitrosoglutathione, spermine-NO) and O2(-)-generating systems (2,3-dimethoxy-1,4-naphtoquinone, hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase). Exogenously supplied NO. or O2- in a concentration-dependent manner induced apoptosis and/or necrosis. Apoptosis is characterized by chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation in contrast to necrotic cytoplasmatic membrane rupture. Noteworthy, coincubation of NO. and O2- was cross-protective. Maximum protection required the existence of a balanced NO./O2- ratio. Analysis in cytokine-stimulated MC suggests endogenous radical formation, which may participate in modulating apoptosis. Manipulation of the endogenous NO./O2- ratio by exogenous, sublethal S-nitrosoglutathione in addition to cytokines produced death, which was antagonized by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibition. Moreover, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate supplementation, which down-regulates iNOS expression and blocks superoxide dismutase activity, initiates apoptosis. Our results imply the participation of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species in determining life and death of MC.
Neurological findings in Hunter disease: Pathology and possible therapeutic effects reviewed (2008)

Hunter disease (mucopolysaccharidosis type II, MPS II) is an X-linked lysosomal storage disease caused by deficiency of iduronate-2-sulfatase. Accumulation of chondroitin sulfate B and heparan sulfate in various tissues is the biochemical consequence of MPS II. Children with Hunter disease are normal at birth, and symptoms occur between 2 and 10 years of age. Typical symptoms include coarse facies with enlarged tongue and prominent forehead as well as a short, stocky built stature with short neck. The cardiovascular, respiratory and gastrointestinal systems may be affected, and oral, dermatological and psychiatric as well as neurological complications are described. Life expectancy is markedly reduced and may be limited to 12 years for severely affected patients. The most common causes of death are airway obstruction and cardiac failure. The most severe symptoms may result from neurological symptoms or complications including hydrocephalus, spinal cord compression, cervical myelopathy, optic nerve compression, and hearing impairment. Patients may also develop carpal tunnel syndrome, sleep apnoea, seizures or mental retardation. This review describes characteristic neurological manifestations in MPS II and its underlying pathophysiology. In addition, an appraisal is given whether or not enzyme replacement therapy may be able to improve in particular the neurological symptoms of Hunter disease.