gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Learning to Rank Answers to Non-Factoid Questions from Web Collections (2011)

This work investigates the use of linguistically motivated features to improve search, in particular for ranking answers to non-factoid questions. We show that it is possible to exploit existing large collections of question–answer pairs (from online social Question Answering sites) to extract such features and train ranking models which combine them effectively. We investigate a wide range of feature types, some exploiting natural language processing such as coarse word sense disambiguation, named-entity identification, syntactic parsing, and semantic role labeling. Our experiments demonstrate that linguistic features, in combination, yield considerable improvements in accuracy. Depending on the system settings we measure relative improvements of 14% to 21% in Mean Reciprocal Rank and Precision@1, providing one of the most compelling evidence to date that complex linguistic features such as word senses and semantic roles can have a significant impact on large-scale information retrieval tasks.
Private Medical Colleges in Bangladesh (2012)

Not available DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jemc.v2i1.11913 J Enam Med Col Vol 2 No 1
Swept-source digital holography to reconstruct tomographic images (2009)

We present what we believe to be a new method of swept-source digital holography using a superluminescent diode (SLD) as a broadband light source and an acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) as a frequency tunable device. The swept source consists of an SLD as a broadband source in conjunction with the AOTF as the frequency tuning device in the wavelength range of 800-870 nm. Since the AOTF is an electronically controlled device, frequency tuning can be achieved without mechanical movement . The angular spectrum approach to the scalar diffraction theory is used to reconstruct the images for each wavelength. Applications of a broadband source ensure an increased axial resolution of reconstructed images. The proposed swept-source system provides a sufficiently broad range of tunability and can increase the axial range and the resolution of reconstructed tomographic images using digital holography. The system was tested using a semireflecting glass substrate; a character "B" is written on it with black ink. Experimental results are presented.
Copper(<scp>I</scp>)<i>‐</i>Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrosilylations of Imines at Ambient Temperatures (2004)

Are you looking for an operationally simple means of preparing enantio-enriched benzylic-like centers bearing nitrogen? Consider this new and convenient alternative to asymmetric hydrogenation: CuH when ligated by an enantiopure SEGPHOS ligand can catalytically reduce aryl ketimines at room temperature in high yields and even higher ee values (see scheme; TMDS=tetramethyldisiloxane). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2004/z53294_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
CXCR3 and Heparin Binding Sites of the Chemokine IP-10 (CXCL10) (2003)

The chemokine IP-10 (interferon-inducible protein of 10 kDa, CXCL10) binds the G protein-coupled receptor CXCR3, which is found mainly on activated T cells and NK cells, and plays an important role in Th1-type inflammatory diseases. IP-10 also binds to glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), an interaction thought to be important for its sequestration on endothelial and other cells. In this study, we performed an extensive mutational analysis to identify the CXCR3 and heparin binding sites of murine IP-10. The mutants were characterized for heparin binding, CXCR3 binding, and the ability to induce chemotaxis, Ca(2+) flux, and CXCR3 internalization. Double mutations neutralizing adjacent basic residues at the C terminus did not lead to a significant reduction in heparin binding, indicating that the main heparin binding site of IP-10 is not along the C-terminal alpha helix. Alanine exchange of Arg-22 had the largest effect on heparin binding, with residues Arg-20, Ile-24, Lys-26, Lys-46, and Lys-47 further contributing to heparin binding. A charge change mutation of Arg-22 resulted in further reduction in heparin binding. The N-terminal residue Arg-8, preceding the first cysteine, was critical for CXCR3 signaling. Mutations of charged and uncharged residues in the loop regions of residues 20-24 and 46-47, which caused reduced heparin binding, also resulted in reduced CXCR3 binding and signaling. CXCR3 expressing GAG-deficient Chinese hamster ovary cells revealed that GAG binding was not required for IP-10 binding and signaling through CXCR3, which suggests that the CXCR3 and heparin binding sites of IP-10 are partially overlapping.
Functional near-infrared neuroimaging (2005)

Functional near-infrared (fNIR) spectroscopy is a wearable neuroimaging device that enables the continuous, non-invasive, and portable monitoring of changes in blood oxygen and blood volume related to human brain function. Over the last three years, studies in the laboratory and under field conditions have established the positive correlation between a participant's performance and oxygenation responses as a function of task load. Our findings indicate that fNIR can effectively monitor attention and working memory in real-life situations. These experimental outcomes compare favorably with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies, and in particular, with the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal. The capacity to monitor brain hemodynamics with a wearable device holds promise for the use of fNIR in the creation of a symbiotic relationship between the user and his/her everyday environment. Moreover, under operational conditions, the fNIR system is amenable to integration with other established physiological and neurobehavioral measures, including EEG, eye tracking, pupil reflex, heart rate variability, respiration and electrodermal activity.
Rapid Isolation of Metabolically Active Mitochondria from Rat Brain and Subregions Using Percoll Density Gradient Centrifugation (1990)

Two procedures are described for isolating free (nonsynaptosomal) mitochondria from rat brain. Both procedures employ a discontinuous Percoll gradient and yield well coupled mitochondria which exhibit high rates of respiratory activity and contain little residual contamination by synaptosomes or myelin. The procedures are considerably more rapid than methods described previously for the isolation of brain mitochondria and do not require an ultracentrifuge or swing-out rotor. The first method separates mitochondria by gradient centrifugation from a P2 (crude mitochondrial) fraction and is likely to be widely applicable for studies in which at least 500 mg of tissue are available as starting material. In the second method, the unfractionated homogenate is subjected directly to gradient centrifugation. This method requires the preparation of more gradients (per gram of tissue) than the first method and yields a subcellular fraction with slightly more synaptosomal contamination. However, this second procedure is more rapid, requires less manipulation of the tissue, and is suitable for obtaining mitochondria with well preserved metabolic characteristics from subregions of single rat brains.
The evidence for pharmacological treatment of neuropathic pain (2010)

Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials on neuropathic pain treatment are accumulating, so an updated review of the available evidence is needed. Studies were identified using MEDLINE and EMBASE searches. Numbers needed to treat (NNT) and numbers needed to harm (NNH) values were used to compare the efficacy and safety of different treatments for a number of neuropathic pain conditions. One hundred and seventy-four studies were included, representing a 66% increase in published randomized, placebo-controlled trials in the last 5 years. Painful poly-neuropathy (most often due to diabetes) was examined in 69 studies, postherpetic neuralgia in 23, while peripheral nerve injury, central pain, HIV neuropathy, and trigeminal neuralgia were less often studied. Tricyclic antidepressants, serotonin noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors, the anticonvulsants gabapentin and pregabalin, and opioids are the drug classes for which there is the best evidence for a clinical relevant effect. Despite a 66% increase in published trials only a limited improvement of neuropathic pain treatment has been obtained. A large proportion of neuropathic pain patients are left with insufficient pain relief. This fact calls for other treatment options to target chronic neuropathic pain. Large-scale drug trials that aim to identify possible subgroups of patients who are likely to respond to specific drugs are needed to test the hypothesis that a mechanism-based classification may help improve treatment of the individual patients.
Security Trend Analysis with CVE Topic Models (2010)

We study the vulnerability reports in the Common Vulnerability and Exposures (CVE) database by using topic models on their description texts to find prevalent vulnerability types and new trends semi-automatically. In our study of the 39,393 unique CVEs until the end of 2009, we identify the following trends, given here in the form of a weather forecast: PHP: declining, with occasional SQL injection. Buffer Overflows: flattening out after decline. Format Strings: in steep decline. SQL Injection and XSS: remaining strong, and rising. Cross-Site Request Forgery: a sleeping giant perhaps, stirring. Application Servers: rising steeply.
High-average-power millijoule fiber amplifier system (2003)

Summary from only given. We report for the first time to our knowledge on a multi millijoule system with repetition rates in the 10 kHz range. The setup of the high power and high energy Yb-doped fiber amplifier is shown. As a nanosecond seed source a Q-switched Nd:YAG disk laser is applied the laser delivers average powers up to 2.5 W.
Studies on the Eggs of Ascaridia galli and Heterakis gallinae (1942)

Reed O. Christenson, H. H. Earle, Jr., Robert L. Butler, Jr., Hubert H. Creel, Studies on the Eggs of Ascaridia galli and Heterakis gallinae, Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, Vol. 61, No. 2 (Apr., 1942), pp. 191-205
Blind reconstruction of scanning probe image data (1996)

Scanning probe microscopy has proven to be an invaluable tool for the investigation of surface topography; however, the finite geometry of the imaging tip can often distort image data and complicate metrological investigations of surface features. Here, the derivation of a computational procedure for the estimation of the geometry of the scanning probe from the topographic image data alone is presented. The properties of the tip function extracted from such data permit an assessment of the sample-related information content of an image. The technique is demonstrated by its application to simulated scanning probe microscopy image data, where its performance can be assessed, and by its application to experimental image data obtained from the scanning force microscope.
Advances in piezoelectric thin films for acoustic biosensors, acoustofluidics and lab-on-chip applications (2017)

Recently, piezoelectric thin films including zinc oxide (ZnO) and aluminium nitride (AlN) have found a broad range of lab-on-chip applications such as biosensing, particle/cell concentrating, sorting/patterning, pumping, mixing, nebulisation and jetting. Integrated acoustic wave sensing/microfluidic devices have been fabricated by depositing these piezoelectric films onto a number of substrates such as silicon, ceramics, diamond, quartz, glass, and more recently also polymer, metallic foils and bendable glass/silicon for making flexible devices. Such thin film acoustic wave devices have great potential for implementing integrated, disposable, or bendable/flexible lab-on-a-chip devices into various sensing and actuating applications. This paper discusses the recent development in engineering high performance piezoelectric thin films, and highlights the critical issues such as film deposition, MEMS processing techniques, control of deposition/processing parametres, film texture, doping, dispersion effects, film stress, multilayer design, electrode materials/ designs and substrate selections. Finally, advances in using thin film devices for lab-on-chip applications are summarised and future development trends are identified.
Controlling coupling of guided to radiating modes using adiabatic transitions between waveguides of different curvature (2005)

A simple method for designing adiabatic transitions between straight and curved waveguides is presented. This method results in lower coupling from guided to radiating modes than conventional methods based on introducing an abrupt offset at the junction point. With the new adiabatic transition design, a decrease of 5 to 10 dB in the low-level radiating light cone is found compared with the traditional method.
Shelf Life and In Vivo Duration; Impacts on Performance of Tibial Bearings (1997)

Polyethylene has been used for more than 30 years as an orthopaedic bearing material; however, recently concern has been focused on the early failure of some polyethylene bearings. The damage seen in some bearings has been linked to gamma radiation sterilization performed in an air environment. Gamma sterilization in air has been documented to cause an increase in oxidation and degradation of mechanical properties that continue with time. However, not all retrieved bearings that are gamma sterilized in air exhibit the elevated oxidation and mechanical property degradation that lead to early component failure. Bearings that are gamma sterilized in air oxidize while sitting in inventory before implantation. Shelf oxidation rate was estimated based on analysis of a series of never implanted tibial bearings. This shelf oxidation rate allowed estimation of in vivo oxidation for retrieved tibial bearings of known sterilization date. Bearings with less than 1 year of shelf life after gamma sterilization in air had lower in vivo oxidation and better in vivo performance than did those with longer shelf life before implantation. Shelf time before implantation appears to be a significant factor in the success or failure of bearings that are gamma sterilized in air.
Scheduling Data-IntensiveWorkflows onto Storage-Constrained Distributed Resources (2007)

In this paper we examine the issue of optimizing disk usage and of scheduling large-scale scientific workflows onto distributed resources where the workflows are data- intensive, requiring large amounts of data storage, and where the resources have limited storage resources. Our approach is two-fold: we minimize the amount of space a workflow requires during execution by removing data files at runtime when they are no longer required and we schedule the workflows in a way that assures that the amount of data required and generated by the workflow fits onto the individual resources. For a workflow used by gravitational- wave physicists, we were able to improve the amount of storage required by the workflow by up to 57 %. We also designed an algorithm that can not only find feasible solutions for workflow task assignment to resources in disk- space constrained environments, but can also improve the overall workflow performance.
An adaptable ellipsoidal head model for the interaural time difference (1999)

Experimentally measured head-related transfer functions reveal that the interaural time delay varies from person to person. Furthermore, it is not constant around a cone of confusion, but can vary by as much as 18% of the maximum interaural delay. The major sources for this variation are shown to be the shape of the head and the displacement of the ears from the center of the head. A simple ellipsoidal head model is presented that can accurately account for this ITD variation and can be adapted to individual listeners.
Research developments in multiple inheritance with exceptions (1994)

Abstract The inheritance problem can be simply stated: for any instantiation of an inheritance network, say a specific hierarchy Γ, find a conclusion set for Γ. In other words, find out what is logically entailed by Γ. This can be done in two ways: either by defining a deductive or proof theoretic definition to determine what paths are entailed by a network; or by translating the individual links in the network to a more general nonmonotonic logic and using its model and proof theory to generate entailments that correspond to what one would expect from “viewing” the inheritance hierarchy. Two approaches to a solution to the inheritance problem structure this paper. The first is widely known as the “path-based” or “proof theoretic”, and the second, the “Model-based” or “model theoretic”. The two approaches result in both a different interpretation of default links as well as a variation in the entailment strategy for a solution to teh inheritance problem. In either case, the entailments produced need some intuitive interpretation, which can be either credulous or skeptical. The semantics of both skeptical and credulous inheritance reasoners are examined.
Flexible and robust packet transport for digital HDTV (1993)

The packet-oriented transport approach used in the advanced digital television (ADTV) system for terrestrial HDTV broadcast is described. ADTV achieves robust HDTV delivery on terrestrial simulcast channels via MPEG video compression, prioritization of MPEG data, and 'cell-relay' type packet transport in conjunction with a two-tier physical transmission scheme. General design issues relevant to the development of the proposed transport protocol are discussed. ADTV's prioritization algorithm for partitioning MPEG-encoded video into high-priority (HP) and standard-priority (SP) bit streams is outlined. The data transport format supporting these prioritized compressed video bit streams is described. The three principal sublayers of the ADTV transport protocol are discussed in terms of specific functions, impact of system performance, and hardware implementation factors. A proof-of-concept simulation model that incorporates transport encoding and decoding functionality is outlined, and performance evaluation results are given for illustrative transmission scenarios.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
1.6kV, 2.9 m&amp;#x2126; cm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; normally-off p-GaN HEMT device (2012)

A p-GaN/AlGaN/GaN based normally-off HEMT device has been demonstrated on a Si substrate. Our p-GaN based device shows not only a high threshold voltage of 3 V but also low gate leakage current. Buffer and device breakdown voltages exceed 1600 V with 5.2 um GaN buffer thickness and specific on-state resistance is 2.9mΩ cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The calculated figure of merit is 921 MV <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /Ωcm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , which is the highest value reported for the GaN E-mode devices.
On the Calibration Process of Automatic Network Analyzer Systems (Short Papers) (1974)

Formulas are presented for the direct calculation of the scattering parameters of a linear two-port, when it is measured by an imperfect network analyzer. Depending on the hardware configuration of the test set, the measurement system is represented by one of two flowgraph models. In both models presented, leakage paths are included. The error parameters, i.e., the scattering parameters of the measuring system, are six respective ten complex numbers for each frequency of interest. A calibration procedure, where measurements are made on standards, will determine the error parameters. One of many possible calibration procedures is briefly described. By using explicit formulas instead of iterative methods, the computing time for the correction of the scattering parameters of the unknown two-port is significantly reduced. The addition of leakage paths will only have a minor effect on computational complexity while measurement accuracy will increase.
The clinical characteristics of brown recluse spider bites treated by family physicians: an OKPRN Study. Oklahoma Physicians Research Network. (1999)

The brown recluse spider bite is a relatively common problem treated by family physicians in Oklahoma. Most bites are not serious. More research at the practice level is needed to develop diagnostic criteria and to explore the effectiveness of various treatment options.
Economical Sputtering System To Produce Large-Size Composition-Spread Libraries Having Linear and Orthogonal Stoichiometry Variations (2002)

A multitarget sputtering machine with a water-cooled rotating substrate table has been modified to produce films on 75 mm × 75 mm wafers which map large portions of ternary phase diagrams. The system is unconventional because the stoichiometries of the elements sputtered on the wafer vary linearly with position and in an orthogonal manner. Subsequent screening of film properties is therefore quite intuitive, since the compositional variations are simple. Depositions are made under continuous rotation, so either intimate mixing of the elements (fast rotation) or artificial layered structures (slow rotation) can be produced. Rotating subtables mounted on the main rotating table hold the 75 mm × 75 mm substrates. Stationary mask openings over the targets and mechanical actuators that rotate the subtables in a precise manner accomplish the linear and orthogonal stoichiometry variations. Deposition of a film spanning the range SiSnxAly (0 < x, y < 1), with Sn content increasing parallel to one edge on the wafer and Al content increasing in a perpendicular direction, is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the method. Since the system was easily and inexpensively built, it has enabled our research program in combinatorial materials synthesis to begin without large scale funding.
MARS - a candidate cipher for AES (1999)

We describe MARS, a shared-key (symmetric) block cipher supporting 128-bit blocks and variable key size. MARS is designed to take advantage of the powerful operations supported in today’s computers, resulting in a much improved security/performance tradeoff over existing ciphers. As a result, MARS offers better security than triple DES while running significantly faster than single DES. The current C implementation runs at rates of about 65 Mbit/sec. on a 200 MHz Pentium-Pro, and 85 Mbit/sec. on a 200 MHz PowerPC. In hardware, MARS can achieve a speedup factor. Still, both hardware and software implementations of MARS are remarkably compact, and easily fit on a smartcard and in other limited-resource environments. The combination of high security, high speed, and flexibility, makes MARS an excellent choice for the encryption needs of the information world well into the next century. MARS IBM submission to AES 1
Selective Manipulation of the Immune Response In Vivo by Monoclonal Antibodies (1988)

The development of monoclonal antilymphocyte antibodies has greatly enhanced our ability to identify and bind specific antigens selectively on functionally distinct cells of the immune system. As a result, monoclonal antibodies have become a valuable tool in studies of the cellular mechanisms underlying immune responses. Moreover, because they can selectively alter immune responses in vivo, monoclonal antilymphocyte antibodies hold considerable promise as potential therapeutic agents for immunologically mediated disorders such as allograft rejection, graft-vs-host disease, and many autoimmune diseases. This review addresses the prospects for using monoclonal antilymphocyte antibodies in vivo and discusses some of the problems that remain to be solved.