gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 35512, a complex of new antibacterial antibiotics produced by Streptomyces candidus. I. Isolation and characterization. (1980)

The new antibiotic complex A35512 produced by Streptomyces candidus was isolated from the filtered fermentation broth. The individual factors A, B, C, E, and H were separated and purified by column chromatography. A35512B, the major factor, was isolated as the dihydrochloride salt, a white crystalline compound with an approximate empirical formula of C90H101 N8O39Cl.2HCl. The A35512 antibiotics belong to the glycopeptide class of antibiotics and possess high in vitro and in vivo activity against Gram-positive bacteria.
Role of the SDF-1/CXCR4 Axis in the Pathogenesis of Lung Injury and Fibrosis (2007)

Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) participates in mobilizing bone marrow-derived stem cells, via its receptor CXCR4. We studied the role of the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis in a rodent model of bleomycin-induced lung injury in C57BL/6 wild-type and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 knockout mice. After intratracheal instillation of bleomycin, SDF-1 levels in serum and bronchial alveolar lavage fluid increased. These changes were accompanied by increased numbers of CXCR4(+) cells in the lung and a decrease in a population of CXCR4(+) cells in the bone marrow that did not occur in MMP-9(-)/(-) mice. Both SDF-1 and lung lysates from bleomycin-treated mice induced migration of bone marrow-derived stem cells in vitro that was blocked by a CXCR4 antagonist, TN14003. Treatment of mice with TN14003 with bleomycin-induced lung injury significantly attenuated lung fibrosis. Lung tissue from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis had higher numbers of cells expressing both SDF-1 and CXCR4 than did normal lungs. Our data suggest that the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis is important in the complex sequence of events triggered by bleomycin exposure that eventuates in lung repair. SDF-1 participates in mobilizing bone marrow-derived stem cells, via its receptor CXCR4.
A liquid compound jet (1983)

The principle and basic physics of a new type of liquid-in-air jet are described. This jet is generated by a primary fluid jet that emerges from a nozzle below the surface of a stationary (secondary) fluid. After breaking the surface, the jet consists of the central primary jet surrounded by a sheath of secondary fluid which has been entrained by the primary jet during its passage through the secondary fluid. Normally the flow in this compound jet is laminar, and it breaks up into drops due to capillary instability. In this paper the generation of compound jets is discussed, and the flow pattern in the jet is studied experimentally both in stable and unstable conditions. Three different types of instabilities can be elicited on the jet. The jet mechanism is described quantitatively, and expressions for the jet velocity and some other parameters are derived.
Effectiveness of controlled release of a cyclophosphamide derivative with polymers against rat gliomas (1995)

Most malignant gliomas grow despite treatment by standard chemotherapeutic agents. The authors explored the use of an innovative drug, 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4HC), delivered via a controlled-release biodegradable polymer to determine whether local delivery would enhance efficacy. This drug is an alkylator-type chemotherapeutic agent derived from cyclophosphamide. Unlike the parent drug, which requires activation by hepatic microsomes, 4HC is active in vitro. Two rat glioma cell lines, 9L and F98, were treated in cell culture with medium containing 4HC. Both cell lines were more sensitive to 4HC than to a nitrosourea, BCNU, an agent of established value in the local therapy of gliomas. Ninety Fischer 344 rats implanted with 9L or F98 gliomas were treated with an intracranial polymer implant containing 0% to 50% loaded 4HC in the polymer, and it was found that 20% 4HC-loaded polymers caused minimum local brain toxicity and maximum survival. These polymers were then used to compare the in vivo efficacy of 4HC to BCNU in rats implanted with 9L glioma. Animals with brain tumors treated with 4HC had a median survival span of 77 days compared to the median survival of 21 days in BCNU-treated animals and median survival of 14 days in untreated animals. Long-term survival for more than 80 days was 40% in the 4HC-treated rats versus 30% in the BCNU-treated rats. The polymer carrier used in this study was a copolyanhydride of dimer erucic acid and sebacic acid 1:1, which was able to maintain the hydrolytically unstable 4HC in a stable state for local delivery. Thus, it is concluded that 4HC-impregnated polymers provide an effective and safe local treatment for rat glioma.
Characterization of the Lysyl Adducts Formed from Prostaglandin H<sub>2</sub> via the Levuglandin Pathway (1999)

Prostaglandin H(2) has been demonstrated to rearrange to gamma-ketoaldehyde prostanoids termed levuglandins E(2) and D(2). As gamma-dicarbonyl molecules, the levuglandins react readily with amines. We sought to characterize the adducts formed by synthetic levuglandin E(2) and prostaglandin H(2)-derived levuglandins with lysine. Using liquid chromatography/electrospray mass spectrometry, we found that the reaction predominantly produces lysyl-levuglandin Schiff base adducts that readily dehydrate to form lysyl-anhydrolevuglandin Schiff base adducts. These adducts were characterized by examination of their mass spectra, by analysis of the products of their reaction with sodium cyanide, sodium borohydride, and methoxylamine and by the mass spectra derived from collision-induced dissociation in tandem mass spectrometry. The Schiff base adducts also are formed on peptide-bound lysyl residues. In addition, synthetic levuglandin E(2) and prostaglandin H(2)-derived levuglandins produced pyrrole-derived lactam and hydroxylactam adducts upon reaction with lysine as determined by tandem mass spectrometry. A marked time dependence in the formation of these adducts was observed: Schiff base adducts formed very rapidly and robustly, whereas the lactam and hydroxylactam adducts formed more slowly but accumulated throughout the time of the experiment. These findings provide a basis for investigating protein modification induced by oxygenation of arachidonic acid by the cyclooxygenases.
Inherited Dysfunction of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca <sup>2+</sup> Handling and Arrhythmogenesis (2011)

Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is an inherited arrhythmogenic disease occurring in patients with a structurally normal heart: the disease is characterized by life-threatening arrhythmias elicited by stress and emotion. In 2001, the ryanodine receptor was identified as the gene that is linked to CPVT; shortly thereafter, cardiac calsequestrin was implicated in the recessive form of the same disease. It became clear that abnormalities in intracellular Ca(2+) regulation could profoundly disrupt the electrophysiological properties of the heart. In this article, we discuss the molecular basis of the disease and the pathophysiological mechanisms that are impacting clinical diagnosis and management of affected individuals. As of today, the interaction between basic scientists and clinicians to understand CPVT and identify new therapeutic strategies is one of the most compelling examples of the importance of translational research in cardiology.
Bacterial expression and photoaffinity labeling of a pheromone binding protein (1993)

The first high-level production of a binding-active odorant binding protein is described. The expression cassette polymerase chain reaction was used to generate a DNA fragment encoding the pheromone binding protein (PBP) of the male moth Antheraea polyphemus. Transformation of Escherichia coli cells with a vector containing this construct generated clones which, when induced with isopropyl beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside, produced the 14-kDa PBP in both the soluble fraction and in inclusion bodies. Purification of the soluble recombinant PBP by preparative isoelectric focusing and gel filtration gave > 95% homogeneous protein, which was immunoreactive with an anti-PBP antiserum and exhibited specific, pheromone-displaceable covalent modification by the photoaffinity label [3H]6E,11Z-hexadecadienyl diazoacetate. Recombinant PBP was indistinguishable from the insect-derived PBP, as determined by both native and denaturing gel electrophoresis, immunoreactivity, and photoaffinity labeling properties. Moreover, the insoluble inclusion body protein could be solubilized, refolded, and purified by the same procedures to give a recombinant PBP indistinguishable from the soluble PBP. Proton NMR spectra of the soluble and refolded protein provide further evidence that they possess the same folded structure.
Wide-band optical communication systems: Part I—Time division multiplexing (1970)

The purpose of this paper is to consider the theoretical error performance of several digital formats suitable for use with a mode-locked laser source, to discuss the problems of implementing these formats, and to consider the design of an illustrative system. Several techniques for time multiplexing are also described. It is assumed that the transmission medium introduces only additive noise and that the detection process is signal shot noise limited. Among the formats examined the practical choices which can achieve highest information rates with lowest probabilities of error are binary, differential phase shift keying, and binary pulse position modulation. For purposes of illustrating state-of-the-art performance the design of a 4000-mile repeatered binary pulse code modulation intensity modulated system is outlined.
A Combined Pre-Processing and H.264-Compression Scheme for 3D Integral Images (2006)

The next evolutionary step in enhancing video communication fidelity is taken by adding scene depth. 3D video using integral imaging (II) is widely considered as the technique able to take this step. However, an increase in spatial resolution of several orders of magnitude from todays 2D video is required to provide a sufficient depth fidelity, which includes motion parallax. In this paper we propose a pre-processing and compression scheme that aims to enhance the compression efficiency of integral images. We first transform a still integral image into a pseudo video sequence consisting of sub-images, which is then compressed using an H.264 video encoder. The improvement in compression efficiency of using this scheme is evaluated and presented. An average PSNR increase of 5.7 dB or more, compared to JPEG 2000, is observed on a set of reference images.
Comparison of immunologic tests in the diagnosis of occupational asthma and rhinitis (1994)

In this study, three immunologic tests, skin prick test, RAST, and basophil histamine-release test (BHRT), were compared by provocation in the diagnosis of occupational asthma and rhinitis. Twenty-three positive bronchial or nasal challenges were performed on 16 patients (six farmers, six bakery workers, and four food industry workers) and asthma or rhinitis was diagnosed as caused by cereal flour or grain, cow epithelium, storage mites, garlic, or soy dust. A control group consisted of 12 patients, of whom four (two bakery workers, one food industry worker, and one farmer) were challenge-negative, and the rest suffered from pollen allergy and seasonal rhinitis and were not challenged. The sensitivity and specificity of the prick test, RAST, BHRT, and a panel of them were as follows: 74 and 89%, 57 and 86%, 78 and 93%, and 91 and 71%, respectively. The overall concordance among these three type I allergy tests or between immunologic tests and challenge was relatively good.
The AGTSR consortium: An update (1995)

The Advanced Gas Turbine Systems Research (AGTSR) program is a collaborative University-Industry R&D Consortium that is managed and administered by the South Carolina Energy R&D Center. AGTSR is a nationwide consortium dedicated to advancing land-based gas turbine systems for improving future power generation capability. It directly supports the technology-research arm of the ATS program and targets industry-defined research needs in the areas of combustion, heat transfer, materials, aerodynamics, controls, alternative fuels, and advanced cycles. The consortium is organized to enhance U.S. competitiveness through close collaboration with universities, government, and industry at the R&D level. AGTSR is just finishing its third year of operation and is sponsored by the U.S. DOE - Morgantown Energy Technology Center. The program is scheduled to continue past the year 2000. At present, there are 78 performing member universities representing 36 states, and six cost-sharing U.S. gas turbine corporations. Three RFP`s have been announced and the fourth RFP is expected to be released in December, 1995. There are 31 research subcontracts underway at performing member universities. AGTSR has also organized three workshops, two in combustion and one in heat transfer. A materials workshop is in planning and is scheduled for February, 1996. An industrial internship program was initiated this past summer, with one intern positioned at each of the sponsoring companies. The AGTSR consortium nurtures close industry-university-government collaboration to enhance synergism and the transition of research results, accelerate and promote evolutionary-revolutionary R&D, and strives to keep a prominent U.S. industry strong and on top well into the 21st century. This paper will present the objectives and benefits of the AGTSR program, progress achieved to date, and future planned activity in fiscal year 1996.
Adenylyl Cyclase Type 6 Deletion Decreases Left Ventricular Function via Impaired Calcium Handling (2007)

The combination of impaired cardiac cAMP generation and calcium handling that result from AC6 deletion underlies abnormalities in left ventricular function. The biochemical and physiological consequences of AC6 deletion reveal it to be an important effector molecule in the adult heart, serving unique biological functions not replicated by AC5.
Nodal specifies embryonic visceral endoderm and sustains pluripotent cells in the epiblast before overt axial patterning (2006)

Anteroposterior (AP) polarity in the mammalian embryo is specified during gastrulation when naive progenitor cells in the primitive ectoderm are recruited into the primitive streak to form mesoderm and endoderm. At the opposite pole, this process is inhibited by signals previously induced in distal visceral endoderm (DVE). Both DVE and primitive streak formation, and hence positioning of the AP axis, rely on the TGFbeta family member Nodal and its proprotein convertases Furin and Pace4. Here, we show that Nodal and Furin are initially co-expressed in the primitive endoderm together with a subset of DVE markers such as Lefty1 and Hex. However, with the appearance of extra-embryonic ectoderm (ExE), DVE formation is transiently inhibited. During this stage, Nodal activity is essential to specify embryonic VE and restrict the expression of Furin to the extra-embryonic region. Activation of Nodal is also necessary to maintain determinants of pluripotency such as Oct4, Nanog and Foxd3 during implantation, and to stimulate elongation of the egg cylinder, before inducing DVE and germ layer formation. We conclude that Nodal is already activated in primitive endoderm, but induces a functional DVE only after promoting the expansion of embryonic VE and pluripotent progenitor cells in the epiblast.
Development of a Recommended Practice for Use of Controlled Low-Strength Material in Highway Construction (2008)

This report summarizes the results of a project to evaluate the use of controlled low-strength material (CLSM) in highway construction applications, in particular, as backfill, utility bedding, and void fill and in bridge approaches. A key product presented in this report is a recommended practice for the use of CLSM that was validated through a series of full-scale field experiments. The report will be of particular interest to materials and construction engineers in state highway agencies and industry.
Studies of interferon as a regulator of hematopoietic cell proliferation. (1985)

The presence of interferon (IFN) in normal bone marrow and its abnormal production in aplastic anemia suggest that IFN may have normal regulatory roles and implicates them in the pathophysiology of bone marrow failure. We studied the effects of recombinant IFN (r-IFN) on hematopoietic colony formation in methylcellulose cultures of human bone marrow. Both recombinant IFN-gamma (r-IFN-gamma) and recombinant IFN-alpha (r-IFN-alpha) were potent suppressors of myeloid (CFU-C-derived) colony formation, with 50% inhibition occurring at 291 u/ml for r-IFN-gamma and 275 U/ml for r-IFN-alpha. Small amounts of r-IFN-gamma acted synergistically with r-IFN-alpha; as little as 5 U/ml of r-IFN-gamma increased inhibition of CFU-C-derived colony formation by r-IFN-alpha over threefold. Conversely, small amounts of r-IFN-alpha did not affect inhibition by r-IFN-gamma. Inhibition by r-IFN was highly dependent on culture conditions: reduction of the fetal calf serum concentration from 30% to 20%, a change that did not alter the plating efficiency of control cultures, significantly enhanced the action of r-IFN-gamma. Competition between positive hematopoietic factors and r-IFN was further demonstrated as increasing amounts of human placenta-conditioned media, used as a source of colony-stimulating activity, also partially blocked r-IFN inhibition. To determine if r-IFN could directly inhibit the proliferation of a progenitor cell, cells isolated from immature BFU-E-derived colonies, a population enriched for late erythroid progenitors and free of auxiliary cells, were tested; similar inhibition by r-IFN-gamma was observed with these isolated erythroid progenitors as with total bone marrow CFU-E. Although small amounts of r-IFN-gamma also increased inhibition of bone marrow CFU-E-derived colony formation by r-IFN-alpha, no synergy was demonstrable with isolated erythroid progenitor cells. Therefore, even though r-IFN can directly inhibit proliferation of a progenitor cell, auxiliary cells may be required for synergy between r-IFN-gamma and r-IFN-alpha.
Silicon-based nanomembrane materials: the ultimate in strain engineering (2006)

The lattice-mismatch-induced strain in growth of Ge on Si produces a host of exciting scientific and technological consequences, both in 3D nanostructure formation and, when silicon-on-insulator (SOI) is used as a substrate, in 2D membrane fabrication. One can use the ideas of strain sharing and critical thickness, combined with the ability to release the top layers of SOI, to create freestanding, dislocation-free, elastically strain relieved flexible Si/Ge membranes with nanometer scale thickness, which we call NanoFLEXSi or Si nanomembranes (SiNMs). The membranes can be transferred to new substrates, producing the potential for novel heterogeneous integration. The very interesting, and in some cases surprising, structural and electronic properties of these very thin membranes have been revealed using STM, X-ray diffraction, and electronic transport measurements. For example, STM shows that conduction in very thin Si layers on SOI with bulk-Si mobilities is possible even though the membrane is bulk depleted. Using the effect of elastic strain, we have fabricated two-dimensional electron gases (2DEGs) in membrane structures; we support the transport measurements with calculations suggesting that we are observing a single bound state in the well. We have fabricated thin-film transistors (TFTs) that we have transferred to flexible-polymer hosts that show a very high saturation current and transconductance. Thus very highspeed flexible electronics over large areas become possible.
Magnetron Sputtering of Bi-Ca-Sr-Cu-O Thin Films with Superconductivity above 80 K (1988)

Superconducting Bi-Ca-Sr-Cu-O thin films on (100) MgO were prepared by rf magnetron sputtering from a sintered Bi 1 Ca 1 Sr 1 Cu 2 O x target. Post-annealing after sputtering resulted in superconducting films with a resistance anomaly around 110 K and zero resistance at 80 K. X-ray diffraction patterns indicated a preferential orientation, where the c axis of a fourfold stacked perovskite, with a lattice constant c =15.38 Å, is perpendicular to the substrate plane.
Submillisecond response times of oxygen-quenched luminescent coatings (1993)

An apparatus and data analysis methodology is described which allows determination of response time to oxygen concentration changes of luminescent oxygen sensor coatings. Utilizing a solenoid valve, a sample chamber creates a pressure jump from 0.1 to 700 Torr in 600 μs that is followed by 15 ms of ringing. An optical detection system measures the response of porphyrin-based luminescent oxygen sensors to the pressure jump. The pressure in the chamber is measured simultaneously and independently with a piezoresistive pressure transducer. Data analysis techniques using nonlinear least-squares and numerical convolution of the luminescent response to the pressure rise allow determination of response times of the oxygen sensor. The response to pressure jumps of several luminescent oxygen sensitive coatings designed for video luminescent barometry are measured with this computer-controlled instrument. Several coatings were studied with response times of ∼2.5 s, ∼400 ms, 11 ms, 1.5 ms, and &amp;lt;25 μs. Studies of the system suggest that we can determine response times down to about 10 μs.
Basil Wright on art, anthropology and the documentary (1979)

(1979). Basil Wright on art, anthropology and the documentary. Quarterly Review of Film Studies: Vol. 4, No. 4, pp. 465-481.
““Let It Go Black””: Desire and the Erotic Subject in the Films of Bill Gunn (2011)

This article analyzes two films by the twentieth-century filmmaker Bill Gunn, who wrote and directed STOP! (1970) and Ganja and Hess (1973). Both films are unique because they show the complicated, multidirectional power relations among erotic subjects without sexual exploitation as its aim. The phrase let it go black refers to Gunn's approach to the erotic subject on film, which privileges multiple evocations that blackness can bring to sexuality. I also posit a dialectic between the radical spectator and filmmaker who together can transform cinematic relationships through a shared desire to expand our imaginative perspectives outside of the bounds of the Jezebel, the Buck, and other pervasive racialized sexual types circulated by Hollywood filmmakers of all races, nationally and globally .
A 128×128 pixel CMOS area image sensor with multiplexed pixel level A/D conversion (2002)

A 128/spl times/128 pixel CMOS area image sensor with a sigma-delta A/D Converter shared within each group of 2/spl times/2 pixels is described. Each pixel comprises a photodiode and 4 MOSFETs and occupies 20.8 /spl mu/m/spl times/19.8 /spl mu/m with a fill factor of 30% in a 0.8 /spl mu/m three layer metal one layer poly CMOS process. At 3.3 V, the dynamic range is >83 dB, the dissipation is <1 mW and the fixed pattern noise is /spl ap/1%.