gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Continuous plasma filtration coupled with sorbents. (1998)

An in vitro system composed of a plasma separation membrane coupled with natural (charcoal) or synthetic (Amberlite, Amberchrome) types of sorbents was evaluated for the simultaneous removal of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta and IL-8) and cytokine antagonists [interleukin (IL)-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), soluble tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) receptor I and II (sTNFR I and II)] in whole blood spiked with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). These studies showed that plasma filtration rather than ultrafiltration significantly increased the clearance of all cytokines, particularly TNF-alpha, and the synthetic (Amberlite-type of resin) but not natural (uncoated charcoal) membrane could extensively absorb almost 100% of plasma filtered IL-Ra, IL-1 beta and IL-8, but only 40% of TNF-alpha. Other synthetic (Amberchrome) membranes could also effectively (80%) remove TNF-alpha. In the complex scenario of sepsis, the simultaneous removal of excess proinflammatory and/or immunomodulatory mediators may play a role in reducing the hemodynamic alterations, thus resulting in enhanced patient survival. Whether this occurs in the human setting awaits the results of an ongoing clinical investigation.
An innovative micro optical element assembly robot characterized by high accuracy and flexibility (2002)

This paper describes a novel robotic assembly station, named Sixtiff, which has been conceived and realized at the Swiss Institute of Technology (EPFL) in Lausanne, Switzerland. This station was developed in order to actively assemble micro-optical devices with high accuracy along six degrees of freedom. This novel robotic system is a hybrid serial-parallel structure with six degrees of freedom. The system is very stiff and since it is not affected by any floating, it is able to guarantee high movement accuracy (linear resolution of 0.25 /spl mu/m, and angular resolution of 1.7 /spl mu/rad). The robot was used to collimate a laser beam with a Doric lens (cylindrical lens with a diameter of 60 /spl mu/m and a focal of 45 /spl mu/m). The distance between the emitting area of the diode and the lens is about 10 /spl mu/m and the alignment was adjusted with an accuracy of 0.5 /spl mu/m.
Transition metal catalysis and nucleophilic fluorination (2011)

Transition metal catalyzed transformations using fluorinating reagents have been developed extensively for the preparation of synthetically valuable fluorinated targets. This is a topic of critical importance to facilitate laboratory and industrial chemical synthesis of fluorine containing pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. Translation to (18)F-radiochemistry is also emerging as a vibrant research field because functional imaging based on Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is increasingly used for both diagnosis and pharmaceutical development. This review summarizes how fluoride sources have been used for the catalytic nucleophilic fluorination of various substrates inclusive of aryl triflates, alkynes, allylic halides, allylic esters, allylic trichloroacetimidates, benzylic halides, tertiary alkyl halides and epoxides. Until recently, progress in this field of research has been slow in part because of the challenges associated with the dual reactivity profile of fluoride (nucleophile or base). Despite these difficulties, some remarkable breakthroughs have emerged. This includes the demonstration that Pd(0)/Pd(II)-catalyzed nucleophilic fluorination to access fluoroarenes from aryl triflates is feasible, and the first examples of Tsuji-Trost allylic alkylation with fluoride using either allyl chlorides or allyl precursors bearing O-leaving groups. More recently, allylic fluorides were also made accessible under iridium catalysis. Another reaction, which has been greatly improved based on careful mechanistic work, is the catalytic asymmetric hydrofluorination of meso epoxides. Notably, each individual transition metal catalyzed nucleophilic fluorination reported to date employs a different F-reagent, an observation indicating that this area of research will benefit from a larger pool of nucleophilic fluoride sources. In this context, a striking recent development is the successful design, synthesis and applications of a fluoride-derived electrophilic late stage fluorination reagent. This new class of reagents could greatly benefit preclinical and clinical PET imaging.
Potential Mechanisms Connecting Purine Metabolism and Cancer Therapy (2018)

Unrestricted cell proliferation is a hallmark of cancer. Purines are basic components of nucleotides in cell proliferation, thus impaired purine metabolism is associated with the progression of cancer. The <i>de novo</i> biosynthesis of purine depends on six enzymes to catalyze the conversion of phosphoribosylpyrophosphate to inosine 5'-monophosphate. These enzymes cluster around mitochondria and microtubules to form purinosome, which is a multi-enzyme complex involved in <i>de novo</i> purine biosynthesis and purine nucleotides requirement. In this review, we highlighted the purine metabolism and purinosome biology with emphasis on the therapeutic potential of manipulating of purine metabolism or purinosome in cancers. We also reviewed current advances in our understanding of mammalian target of rapamycin for regulating purinosome formation or purine metabolism in cancers and discussed the future prospects for targeting purinosome to treat cancers.
The efficacy of a combination of etoposide, ifosfamide, and cisplatin in the treatment of patients with soft tissue sarcoma (2000)

This new combination is promising for the treatment of patients with advanced STS.
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor is involved in the pathogenesis of collagen type II-induced arthritis in mice (1997)

To determine the importance of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in the development of arthritis we used an experimental model for rheumatoid arthritis, collagen type II (CII)-induced arthritis in mice. Treatment with neutralizing anti-MIF Abs before immunization of (B10.Q x DBA/1)F1 with CII led to delayed onset and lowered frequency of arthritis. This was associated with lower levels of IgG2a to CII in MIF-depleted mice. The proliferative response to CII was stronger in the anti-MIF-treated mice, whereas no significant effects were seen on Ag-induced IFN-gamma production in response to CII or on the total serum Ab levels in response to CII. These results provide the first experimental evidence of a role for MIF in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease.
Thermostabilization of Bacterial Fructosyl-Amino Acid Oxidase by Directed Evolution (2003)

We succeeded in isolating several thermostable mutant fructosyl-amino acid oxidase (FAOX; EC 1.5.3) without reduction of productivity by directed evolution that combined an in vivo mutagenesis and membrane assay screening system. Five amino acid substitutions (T60A, A188G, M244L, N257S, and L261M) occurred in the most thermostable mutant obtained by a fourth round of directed evolution. This altered enzyme, FAOX-TE, was stable at 45 degrees C, whereas the wild-type enzyme was not stable above 37 degrees C. The K(m) values of FAOX-TE for D-fructosyl-L-valine and D-fructosyl-glycine were 1.50 and 0.58 mM, respectively, in contrast with corresponding values of 1.61 and 0.74 mM for the wild-type enzyme. This altered FAOX-TE will be useful in the diagnosis of diabetes.
C3I (Command, Control, Communications and Intelligence) Information Systems Internetwork Study. (1984)

This report has four subjects: (1) An investigation of DoD protocol standards for computer communications. Emphasis is on the X2.5 protocol and a similar existing DDN protocol. (2) Local area network protocols are discussed with emphasis on security architecture. (3) A study of the logistics usage of AUTODIN and an analysis of a way to reduce the usage. (4) A study of data base management systems and their use in data communications systems. Interfaces to Ada are emphasized in this section.
Seedling Diversity and the Homologies of Seedling Organs in the Order Poales (Monocotyledons) (2007)

This study demonstrates that detailed studies of seedling morphology can provide interesting morphological insights and also new facts for phylogenetic analyses. However, the morphological diversity of seedlings in the monocots is as yet incompletely known, and in some, e.g. Alismatales or Zingiberales, the seedling structure is particularly poorly understood in terms of comparative morphology.
Effects of Fetal Intravenous Glucose Challenge in Normal and Growth Retarded Fetuses (1990)

Fetal intravenous glucose challenge test (0.75 g/kg of estimated fetal weight) was performed at 26-33 weeks gestation in 9 patients undergoing fetal blood sampling (FBS) by ultrasound guided needling from the umbilical vein. The indication for FBS was rapid karyotyping for fetal malformations in 5 (control group) and severe intrauterine growth retardation in the remaining 4 (IUGR group). Fetal blood samples were taken before the glucose infusion and after 1, 3, 5, 10 and 15 min; glucose and insulin were assayed on each occasion and acid-base balance at 0 and 5 min. Basal fetal pO2, pH, glucose and insulin were lower in the IUGR group than in controls. Following the glucose challenge, fetal glucose levels were similar in the two groups, but in the IUGR group the latter part of the glucose curve was characterized by a slower and delayed return to basal levels. In control fetuses the insulin response following the glucose challenge peaked at 3 min while in IUGR no change in insulin concentration was detected. Fetal pO2 did not change in either group; the median change in fetal pH was significantly different between the two groups (controls: +0.01; IUGR: -0.04; P less than 0.05) and there was a significant correlation between basal pO2 and the change in fetal pH (r = 0.79) (P less than 0.02). These results support the concept of a low energy state in IUGR. Fetal glucose supplementation in IUGR is unlikely to be of benefit and may even exacerbate underlying acidosis.
Comparison of ketorolac tromethamine 0.5% and rimexolone 1% to control inflammation after cataract extraction (2001)

Ketorolac tromethamine 0.5% was as effective as rimexolone 1% in reducing inflammation after cataract surgery. These results suggest that ketorolac tromethamine 0.5% is a safe and effective antiinflammatory alternative to steroids after cataract extraction.
Integrating Programming by Example and Natural Language Programming (2013)

We motivate the integration of programming by example and natural language programming by developing a system for specifying programs for simple text editing operations based on regular expressions. The programs are described with unconstrained natural language instructions, and providing one or more examples of input/output. We show that natural language allows the system to deduce the correct program much more often and much faster than is possible with the input/output example(s) alone, showing that natural language programming and programming by example can be combined in a way that overcomes the ambiguities that both methods suffer from individually, while providing a more natural interface to the user.
Analytical and micropreparative peptide mapping by high performance liquid chromatography/electrospray mass spectrometry of proteins purified by gel electrophoresis (1993)

We report the use of microbore reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography connected on-line to an electrospray mass spectrometer for the separation/detection of peptides derived by proteolytic digestion of proteins separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A small fraction (typically 10% of the total) of the peptides eluting from the column was diverted through a flow-splitting device into the ion source of the mass spectrometer, whereas the majority of the peptide samples was collected for further analyses. We demonstrate the feasibility of obtaining reproducible peptide maps from submicrogram amounts of protein applied to the gel and good correlation of the signal detected by the mass spectrometer with peptide detection by UV absorbance. Furthermore, independently verifiable peptide masses were determined from subpicomole amounts of peptides directed into the mass spectrometer. The method was used to analyze the 265-kDa and the 280-kDa isoforms of the enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase isolated from rat liver. The results provide compelling evidence that the two enzyme isoforms are translation products of different genes and suggest that these approaches may be of general utility in the definitive comparison of protein isoforms. We furthermore illustrate that knowledge of peptide masses as determined by this technique provides a major advantage for error-free data interpretation in chemical high-sensitivity peptide sequence analysis.
Retinoid signaling alterations in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. (2012)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neuromuscular disease for which effective therapeutic interventions and an understanding of underlying disease mechanism are lacking. A variety of biochemical pathways are believed to contribute to the pathophysiology of ALS that are common to both sporadic and familial forms of the disease. Evidence from both human and animal studies indicates that expression of retinoid signaling genes is altered in ALS and may contribute to motor neuron loss. Our goals were to examine the expression and distribution of proteins of the retinoid signaling pathway in spinal cord samples from patients with sporadic and familial ALS and to evaluate the role of these proteins in motor neuron cell survival. In sporadic ALS, the cytoplasmic binding protein that facilitates nuclear translocation of retinoic acid, cellular retinoic acid binding protein-II (CRABP-II), was localized to the nucleus and retinoic acid receptor β (RARβ) was significantly increased in motor neuron nuclei when compared to either familial ALS patients or non-neurologic disease controls. Motor neurons with increased nuclear RARβ were negative for markers of apoptosis. Pre-treatment of primary motor neuron-enriched cultures with a pan-RAR or RARβ-specific agonist decreased motor neuron cell death associated with oxidative injury/stress while a RARβ-specific antagonist enhanced cell death. Our data suggest retinoid signaling is altered in ALS and increased nuclear RARβ occurs in motor neurons of sporadic ALS patients. Activation of RARβ protects motor neurons from oxidative-induced cell death.
GEM Ternary Blends: Testing Iso-Stoichiometric Mixtures of Gasoline, Ethanol and Methanol in a Production Flex-Fuel Vehicle Fitted with a Physical Alcohol Sensor (2012)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The paper presents vehicle-based test work using tri-component, or ternary, blends of gasoline, ethanol and methanol for which the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio (AFR) was controlled to be 9.7:1. This is the same as that of conventional "E85" alcohol-based fuel. Such ternary blends are termed "GEM" after the first initial of the three components. The present work was a continuation of an earlier successful project which established that the blends were effectively invisible to a car using a virtual alcohol sensor. The vehicle used here employed the other major technology in flex-fuel vehicles to determine the proportion of alcohol fuel in the tank, a physical alcohol sensor.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Another aspect of the present work included the desire to investigate ternary blend replacements for E85 having low ethanol concentrations. Evidence from the previous work suggested that under specific conditions, ethanol was required in some amount to act as a cosolvent for the gasoline and methanol in the blend. The present paper discusses the position of the phase separation boundary with respect to the concentration of the individual components, and determines new blends for test which are closer to this boundary. These and other ternary blends were first tested on the road and in a cold chamber, where cold startability was gauged at -20°C. All of the ternary blends were found to start well except that corresponding to E85, which would not start at all at this low temperature using this summer grade fuel.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Of the fuel blends tested in the first phase, four were selected for more-controlled investigation in an emissions laboratory. Each was tested twice on the NEDC cycle under cold and hot conditions. In addition, gasoline baseline tests (using the same procedure) were conducted at the start and end of the ternary blend tests. The ternary blends were invisible to the vehicle, with no malfunction indicator light activity at all.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;An estimate of the cost of one of the blends (containing 10% by volume ethanol), based on current individual costs of the individual components, is made to be 10.1% cheaper than gasoline, on an energy basis. Finally, there is a discussion of how renewable methanol can be introduced, aided by the ability of the existing flex-fuel vehicle fleet to accept these fuel blends, and also of a means of manufacturing such fully sustainable methanol by a coupling of the electricity and gas grids to enable massive storage of renewable energy.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Targeting the CCL2-CCR2 signaling axis in cancer metastasis (2016)

The CCL2-CCR2 signaling axis has generated increasing interest in recent years due to its association with the progression of cancer. Although first described as a chemotactic molecule with physiological roles in regulating inflammation, recent studies have revealed a pro-tumorigenic function for CCL2 in favoring cancer development and subsequent metastasis. CCL2 binds the cognate receptor CCR2, and together this signaling pair has been shown to have multiple pro-tumorigenic roles, from mediating tumor growth and angiogenesis to recruiting and usurping host stromal cells to support tumor progression. The importance of CCL2-CCR2 signaling has been further championed by the establishment of clinical trials targeting this signaling pair in solid and metastatic cancers. Here we review the roles of CCL2-CCR2 signaling in the development and progression of cancer metastasis. We further evaluate the outcome of several clinical trials targeting either CCL2 or CCR2, and discuss the prospects and challenges of manipulating CCL2-CCR2 interaction as a potential approach for combating metastatic disease.
Future proofing the work place for tomorrow's workforce (2016)

Tomorrow's modern office spaces will be a world of pause rooms, lounges, hot desks and standing stations - and that's just for when employees are physically in the office and not working remotely. It all points to a corporate culture that is changing and an outlook that accepts that offices as we traditionally have known them are soon to be a thing of the past.
Cetilistat, a new lipase inhibitor for the treatment of obesity. (2008)

Alizyme plc, in collaboration with Takeda Pharmaceutical Co Ltd in Japan, is developing cetilistat, an oral non-absorbed synthetic lipase inhibitor, derived from Alizyme's pancreatic lipase inhibitor research program, for the potential treatment of obesity in patients with or without diabetes. It is also under investigation for the potential management of type 2 diabetes. Several phase II clinical trials for obesity have been completed. Phase III trials were in preparation at the time of publication.
Proactive and adaptive fuzzy profile control for mobile phones (2009)

In this paper we describe a context-sensitive way to change an active mobile phone profile. We present a method to create a proactive and adaptive phone profile control system that automatically adapts the profile to the best alternative based on the current context. The adaptation is based on recognizing patterns of human practices, which may change over time. The control system is implemented with a fuzzy controller that supports reinforcement learning. The operation of the system is demonstrated with a mobile phone that is controlled by a PC. The PC lets a user to simulate the context parameters, and the phone works as a user interface for profile selection and display.
The effect of hyperthermia-induced tissue conductivity changes on electrical impedance temperature mapping (1994)

Changes in tissue electrical conductivity in the low radiofrequency range due to tissue temperature coefficients (TCS), approximately 2% degrees C-1, have been investigated by others as a non-invasive means of determining tissue temperature changes during the application of therapeutic hyperthermia. However, the occurrence of additional changes in conductivity due to non-TC effects, for example, from heat-induced oedema, or changes in cellular volume or membrane characteristics, can result in incorrect temperature determination based solely on the TC. This paper (i) presents estimates of the errors that will occur in temperature mapping using electrical impedance measurements if non-TC effects are ignored, using examples of excised and in vivo EMT6 tumours, (ii) presents a method of differentiating the onset of non-TC effects from TC effects using conductance measurements, thereby allowing for use of the TC method until the onset of non-TC effects, and (iii) suggests a means of using conductance measurements to monitor the course of hyperthermia treatments, without the use of temperature information, based on hyperthermia-induced cellular changes.
Substance abuse in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. (2008)

Substance use disorder (SUD) is a common comorbidity of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) that is frequently seen during adolescence. Physicians who treat patients with ADHD need to be aware of both the behavioral and medical signs of substance abuse and closely screen their patients for SUD. Optimal treatment of the symptoms of ADHD is the most effective way to reduce the incidence of SUD, but the use of stimulants, the first-line therapy for ADHD, is associated with an appreciable degree of abuse and misuse of therapeutic drugs. Cardiovascular and psychiatric risks with ADHD drugs have resulted in recent labeling changes for these drugs. A correct diagnosis of ADHD is important in validating the use of stimulant medication. New strategies for effectively treating ADHD that may minimize the risk for drug abuse are being developed and include extended-release formulations of currently used drugs, new nonstimulant drugs for the treatment of ADHD, and novel prodrugs that optimize therapeutic plasma concentrations of drugs. Nonmedication or psychosocial treatments, especially for adult ADHD, are also available. Further assessment of these strategies should permit the development of new approaches to the treatment of ADHD that reduce the risk for abuse and misuse of stimulant medications.