gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An alpha-tectorin gene defect causes a newly identified autosomal recessive form of sensorineural pre-lingual non-syndromic deafness, DFNB21 (1999)

In our efforts to identify new loci responsible for non-syndromic autosomal recessive forms of deafness, DFNB loci, we have pursued the analysis of large consanguineous affected families living in geographically isolated areas. Here, we report on the study of a Lebanese family comprising nine members presenting with a pre-lingual severe to profound sensorineural isolated form of deafness. Linkage analysis led to the characterization of a new locus, DFNB21, which was assigned to chromosome 11q23-25. Already mapped to this chromosomal region was TECTA. This gene encodes alpha-tectorin, a 2155 amino acid protein which is a component of the tectorial membrane. This gene recently has been shown to be responsible for a dominant form of deafness, DFNA8/12. Sequence analysis of the TECTA gene in the DFNB21-affected family revealed a G to A transition in the donor splice site (GT) of intron 9, predicted to lead to a truncated protein of 971 amino acids. This establishes that alpha-tectorin mutations can be responsible for both dominant and recessive forms of deafness. Comparison of the phenotype of the DFNB21 heterozygous carriers with that of DFNA8/12-affected individuals supports the hypothesis that the TECTA mutations which cause the dominant form of deafness have a dominant-negative effect. The present results provide genetic evidence for alpha-tectorin forming homo- or heteromeric structures.
Ordered Processing of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 GagPol Precursor Is Influenced by the Context of the Embedded Viral Protease (2005)

ABSTRACT Ordered and accurate processing of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) GagPol polyprotein precursor by a virally encoded protease is an indispensable step in the appropriate assembly of infectious viral particles. The HIV-1 protease (PR) is a 99-amino-acid enzyme that is translated as part of the GagPol precursor. Previously, we have demonstrated that the initial events in precursor processing are accomplished by the PR domain within GagPol in cis , before it is released from the polyprotein. Despite the critical role that ordered processing of the precursor plays in viral replication, the forces that define the order of cleavage remain poorly understood. Using an in vitro assay in which the full-length HIV-1 GagPol is processed by the embedded PR, we examined the effect of PR context (embedded within GagPol versus the mature 99-amino-acid enzyme) on precursor processing. Our data demonstrate that the PR domain within GagPol is constrained in its ability to cleave some of the processing sites in the precursor. Further, we find that this constraint is dependent upon the presence of a proline as the initial amino acid in the embedded PR; substitution of an alanine at this position produces enhanced cleavage at additional sites when the precursor is processed by the embedded, but not the mature, PR. Overall, our data support a model in which the selection of processing sites and the order of precursor processing are defined, at least in part, by the structure of GagPol itself.
Nonlithographic nano-wire arrays: fabrication, physics, and device applications (1996)

A novel system of nanostructures is described consisting of nonlithographically produced arrays of nano-wires directly electrodeposited into porous anodic aluminum oxide templates. Using this method regular and uniform arrays of metal or semiconductor nano-wires or nano-dots can be created with diameters ranging from /spl sim/5 nm to several hundred nanometers and with areal pore densities in the /spl sim/10/sup 9/-10/sup 11/ cm/sup -2/ range. We report on the present state of their fabrication, properties, and prospective device applications. Results of X-ray diffraction, Raman and magnetic measurements on metal (Ni, Fe) and semiconductor (CdS, CdSe, CdS/sub x/Se/sub 1-x/, Cd/sub x/Zn/sub 1-x/S and GaAs) wires are presented. The I-V characteristics of two terminal devices made from the nano-arrays are found to exhibit room temperature periodic conductance oscillations and Coulomb-blockade like current staircases. These observations are likely associated with the ultra-small tunnel junctions that are formed naturally in the arrays. Single-electron tunneling (SET) In the presence of interwire coupling in these arrays is shown to lead to the spontaneous electrostatic polarization of the wires. Possible device applications such as magnetic memory or sensors, electroluminescent flat-panel displays, and nanoelectronic and single-electronic devices are also discussed.
Growth Stimulation of Rat Calvaria Osteoblastic Cells by Acidic Fibroblast Growth Factor (1987)

Purified acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) from bovine brain stimulates the proliferation of calvaria-derived osteoblastic cells. Maximum stimulation, relative to corresponding controls, was seen at 0.2% serum (2- to 3-fold), and no stimulation was seen in the absence of serum or under serum replete conditions. The effect was dose-dependent with an ED50 of around 750 pg/ml (47 pM). aFGF (5 ng/ml) sustained the growth of calvaria cells in culture during multiple passages (72 days) at 0.2% serum. In DNA synthesis assays aFGF produced 2- to 4-fold stimulation; insulin-like growth factor I had a slight effect on DNA synthesis on its own, but enhanced the effect of aFGF 2-fold. In cells fully stimulated by epidermal growth factor (5-fold), aFGF had no further effect. Stimulation of DNA synthesis peaked at 5 ng/ml, while higher concentrations were inhibitory. Recombinant aFGF (bovine sequence) also stimulated cell proliferation (1.5-fold), and its potency was augmented by heparin (50 micrograms/ml), about 2-fold. Using simultaneous histochemical staining for alkaline phosphatase activity and [3H]thymidine nuclear uptake we found that aFGF stimulates DNA synthesis to the same extent in alkaline phosphatase-rich (osteoblastic) and alkaline phosphatase-poor (nonosteoblastic) cells. However, after cell division there is a significant decrease in PTH-responsive adenylate cyclase (2- to 3-fold) and in alkaline phosphatase levels (4- to 8-fold). These findings indicate that aFGF is mitogenic to rat calvaria osteoblastic cells, its action requires additional factors, and its growth stimulation is associated with a reduction in phenotypic expression.
Role of matrix metalloproteinases in renal pathophysiologies (2006)

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a large family of proteinases that remodel extracellular matrix (ECM) components and cleave a number of cell surface proteins. MMP activity is regulated via a number of mechanisms, including inhibition by tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). Originally thought to cleave only ECM proteins, MMP substrates are now known to include signaling molecules (growth factor receptors) and cell adhesion molecules. Recent data suggest a role for MMPs in a number of renal pathophysiologies, both acute and chronic. This review will focus on the expression and localization of MMPs and TIMPs in the kidney, as well as summarizing the current information linking these proteins to acute kidney injury, glomerulosclerosis/tubulointerstitial fibrosis, chronic allograft nephropathy, diabetic nephropathy, polycystic kidney disease, and renal cell carcinoma.
Immune responses to human papilloma viruses. (2009)

HPV infection in the genital tract is common in young sexually active individuals, the majority of whom clear the infection without overt clinical disease. However most of those who develop benign lesions eventually mount an effective cell mediated immune response and the lesions regress. Regression of ano-genital warts is accompanied histologically by a CD4+ T cell dominated Th1 response; animal models support this and provide evidence that the response is modulated by CD4+ T cell dependent mechanisms. Failure to develop effective CMI to clear or control infection results in persistent infection and, in the case of the oncogenic HPVs, an increased probability of progression to CIN3 and invasive carcinoma. The central importance of the CD4+ T cell population in the control of HPV infection is shown by the increased prevalence of HPV infections and HGSIL in individuals immunosuppressed as a consequence of HIV infection. The prolonged duration of infection associated with HPV seems to be associated with effective evasion of innate immunity as reflected in the absence of inflammation during virus replication, assembly and release, and down regulation of interferon secretion and response thus delaying the activation of adaptive immunity. Serum neutralising antibody to the major capsid protein L1 usually develops after the induction of successful cell mediated immunity and these antibody and cell mediated responses are protective against subsequent viral challenge in natural infections in animals. Prophylactic vaccines consisting of HPV L1 VLPs generate high anti L1 serum neutralizing antibody concentrations and in clinical trials have shown greater than 95 per cent efficacy against both benign and neoplastic genital HPV associated disease. These vaccines are delivered intramuscularly and therefore circumvent the immune evasion strategies of the virus.
Method for Establishing a Bacterial Inoculum on Corn Roots (1983)

Few bacteria from the corn rhizosphere grew in media with 50 mug of mancozeb per ml. A mancozeb-resistant Pseudomonas strain from the rhizosphere was serially subcultured in media containing mancozeb and spectinomycin until it was resistant to 175 mug of mancozeb and 850 mug of spectinomycin per ml. The population of the pseudomonad added to soil fell to low numbers in 6 days in unamended or glucose-amended soil, but its numbers exceeded 10/g for at least 12 days if the soil was supplemented with mancozeb. The numbers of this organism remained small on corn roots derived from untreated, inoculated seeds, but the population was two or more orders of magnitude greater on roots derived from mancozeb-coated seeds. The abundance of the inoculum strain on the 3-cm portion of roots nearest the stem declined markedly after about 1 week, but applying urea to the foliage reduced or prevented the decline. The numbers of the pseudomonad on segments of roots 3- to 6- and 6- to 9-cm from the stem were higher on plants derived from the mancozeb-coated seeds. Applying spectinomycin to the foliage did not promote growth of the bacterium. This method is proposed as a means to establish an introduced bacterium on plant roots.
A new wide-band amplifier technique (1968)

Precision dc-coupled amplifiers having risetimes of less than a nanosecond have recently been fabricated using the monolithic planar process. The design is based on a simple technique that has a broad range of applications and is characterized by a stage-gain- bandwidth product essentially equal to that of the transistors, and a very linear transfer characteristic, free from temperature dependence.
Public Key Compression and Modulus Switching for Fully Homomorphic Encryption over the Integers (2012)

We describe a compression technique that reduces the public key size of van Dijk, Gentry, Halevi and Vaikuntanathan's (DGHV) fully homomorphic scheme over the integers from ${\cal \tilde O}(\lambda^{7})$ to ${\cal \tilde O}(\lambda^5)$ . Our variant remains semantically secure, but in the random oracle model. We obtain an implementation of the full scheme with a 10.1 MB public key instead of 802 MB using similar parameters as in [7]. Additionally we show how to extend the quadratic encryption technique of [7] to higher degrees, to obtain a shorter public-key for the basic scheme. This paper also describes a new modulus switching technique for the DGHV scheme that enables to use the new FHE framework without bootstrapping from Brakerski, Gentry and Vaikuntanathan with the DGHV scheme. Finally we describe an improved attack against the Approximate GCD Problem on which the DGHV scheme is based, with complexity ${\cal \tilde O}(2^\rho)$ instead of ${\cal \tilde O}(2^{3\rho/2})$ .
Biomaterials for drug delivery and tissue engineering : symposia held November 27-29, 2000, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A. (2001)

Biomaterials and biological interfaces are expected to play a key role in promising areas of biotechnology (such as cardiovascular/neurological applications and drug, protein and gene delivery) for the future. Likewise, recent interest in dental/orthopedic applications is being driven by opportunities for improved biomaterial (mechanical) properties. This book focuses on biomaterials development from the perspective of materials design, coupled with tenets from cellular and molecular biology. Wide ranges of materials are investigated, spanning polymers, ceramics, metals, and hybrid materials. Chapters deal with orthopedic/dental biomaterials focus on designing functionalized polymeric, ceramic and composite scaffold; cardiovascular and neurologic biomaterials focus on improvement of hemocompatibility of biomaterials by surface modification strategies, cardiovascular drug delivery and tissue engineering and surface patterning techniques to enhance nerve regeneration and the development of novel biomaterials for stimuli-sensitive delivery, gene delivery and transdermal drug delivery. This volume represents important steps in strengthening the interface between materials science and bioengineering and should help catalyze collaborations that will result in significant new developments in the field of biomaterials.
Synthesis and characterization of amino acid-functionalized hydroxyapatite nanorods (2004)

Synthesis of aqueous colloids of amino acid-functionalized hydroxyapatite (HAP; Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) nanoparticles with rod-like morphology and uniform size was achieved by hydrothermal crystallization at 80 °C and pH 9 in highly supersaturated solutions with a Ca2+∶amino acid molar ratio of 1∶2. Stable suspensions of positively charged nanorods, less than 80 nm in length and ca. 5 nm in width, were obtained in the presence of glycine, alanine, serine, lysine and arginine, and together with FTIR spectroscopy data this was consistent with a general model in which the α-carboxylate of the amino acid was preferentially bound to the crystal surfaces. Variations in the size and shape of the nanoparticles with amino acid used were consistent with differences in the strength of binding at the HAP surfaces. In comparison, stable colloids could not be prepared with aspartic acid due to a relatively low surface charge; instead, the precipitate consisted of highly elongated nanorods, ca. 150 × 3.5 nm in dimension. XRD textural analysis suggested a model for nanorod formation based on the oriented aggregation and fusion of primary crystallite domains specifically along the c axis direction. Colloids consisting of HAP/alanine or HAP/arginine nanoparticles were cross-linked in situ by thermal, hydrothermal or chemical polymerisation of surface-attached and unbound amino acids to produce aggregated nanostructures with variable degrees of long-range order.
Optical High DC Voltage Sensor Based on White-Light Interferometry (2006)

This letter reports an optical system for high dc voltage measurement utilizing a bulk <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$hboxLiNbO_3$</tex> crystal with specialized-orientation as a sensing element. White-light interferometry is employed to encode the electric voltage information in the optical spectrum instead of intensity. Measurement of dc voltage from 0 to 9 kV with resolution of 2.3 V has been experimentally demonstrated.
Synergistic Killing Effect between Vorinostat and Target of CD146 in Malignant Cells (2010)

The present study provided the first evidence that an undesired induction of CD146 could serve as a protective response to offset the antitumor efficacy of vorinostat. On the other hand, targeting CD146 in combination with vorinostat could be exploited as a novel strategy to more effectively kill cancer cells.
Social and environmental sustainability of agriculture and rural development investments : a monitoring and evaluation toolkit (2007)

The purpose of this toolkit is to provide practical guidance in the monitoring and evaluation of the environmental and social sustainability of Agricultural and Rural Development (ARD) programs and projects. The primary audience is agriculture and rural project managers, specifically field personnel, communities, client governments, other stakeholders, and World Bank Task Teams. Chapter 2 sets out the conceptual framework by examining the sectoral context of environmental and social sustainability and the resulting implications for project preparation, appraisal and implementation. Chapter 3 takes a closer look at the Bank's M&E requirements based on the results-based framework. Chapter 4 introduces appendix 1, which contains 11 matrices of sample indicators, organized by ARD subsector, of potential environmental and social changes that may be observed at outcome and impact levels as a result of a program/project's being implemented. Chapter 5 introduces appendix 2, which contains 22 individual fact sheets on the recommended tools and methods that are deemed practical for fieldwork.
A novel site of antibiotic action in the ribosome: Interaction of evernimicin with the large ribosomal subunit (2001)

Evernimicin (Evn), an oligosaccharide antibiotic, interacts with the large ribosomal subunit and inhibits bacterial protein synthesis. RNA probing demonstrated that the drug protects a specific set of nucleotides in the loops of hairpins 89 and 91 of 23S rRNA in bacterial and archaeal ribosomes. Spontaneous Evn-resistant mutants of Halobacterium halobium contained mutations in hairpins 89 and 91 of 23S rRNA. In the ribosome tertiary structure, rRNA residues involved in interaction with the drug form a tight cluster that delineates the drug-binding site. Resistance mutations in the bacterial ribosomal protein L16, which is shown to be homologous to archaeal protein L10e, cluster to the same region as the rRNA mutations. The Evn-binding site overlaps with the binding site of initiation factor 2. Evn inhibits activity of initiation factor 2 in vitro, suggesting that the drug interferes with formation of the 70S initiation complex. The site of Evn binding and its mode of action are distinct from other ribosome-targeted antibiotics. This antibiotic target site can potentially be used for the development of new antibacterial drugs.
Role mining with ORCA (2005)

With continuously growing numbers of applications, enterprises face the problem of efficiently managing the assignment of access permissions to their users. On the one hand, security demands a tight regime on permissions; on the other hand, users need permissions to perform their tasks. Role-based access control (RBAC) has proven to be a solution to this problem but relies on a well-defined set of role definitions, a role concept for the enterprise in question. The definition of a role concept (role engineering) is a difficult task traditionally performed via interviews and workshops. However, often users already have the permissions that they need to do their jobs, and roles can be derived from these permission assignments using data mining technology, thus giving the process of role concept definition a head-start.In this paper, we present the ORCA role mining tool and its algorithm. The algorithm performs a cluster analysis on permission assignments to build a hierarchy of permission clusters and presents the results to the user in graphical form. It allows the user to interactively add expert knowledge to guide the clustering algorithm. The tool provides valuable insights into the permission structures of an enterprise and delivers an initial role hierarchy for the definition of an enterprise role concept using a bottom-up approach.
Mannich Bases of Glyoxylanilide 2-Oximes and their Effect on Photosynthetic Electron Transport (1972)

Glyoxylanilide 2-oximes (I a—c) condense with formaldehyde and secondary amines to give the corresponding Mannich bases (II a—1). The assigned structure II finds support from chemical and spectral evidences. Representative examples of the Mannich bases are tested as inhibitors for the Hill reaction and the result of the biological assay are discussed.
Dynamics of Civil Structures, Volume 4 (2014)

This fourth volume of eight from the IMAC - XXXII Conference, brings together contributions to this important area of research and engineering. The collection presents early findings and case studies
Tinnitus—a study of its prevalence and characteristics (1989)

Three thousand six hundred randomly selected adults in the city of Gothenburg (425,000 inhabitants) stratified by age and gender, were questioned by mail concerning tinnitus. We received 66% useful answers, 14.2% suffered from tinnitus 'often' or 'always'. Tinnitus was more common in males than in females. Tinnitus was much more common in the left than in the right ear. 2.4% of the whole population suffered from the worst severity degree, 'tinnitus plagues me all day'. Tinnitus was clearly more common with hearing loss than with subjectively normal hearing. Sleep disturbances were common and increased with tinnitus severity. A majority of the questioned subjects wanted further examination and treatment.
Protection of Renal Ischemia Injury using Combination Gene Silencing of Complement 3 and Caspase 3 Genes (2006)

This is the first demonstration that renal I/R injury can be prevented through silencing the complement gene and apoptosis gene, highlighting the potential for siRNA-based clinical therapy.
Detection of single magnetic bead for biological applications using an InAs quantum-well micro-Hall sensor (2005)

Room-temperature detection of a single commercial superparamagnetic bead (1.2μm in diameter) suitable for biological applications has been realized using an InAs quantum-well micro-Hall sensor. The detection was demonstrated using phase-sensitive detection on a single Hall cross as well as in a Hall gradiometry setup. The high signal to noise ratio, obtained in both configurations, promises detection of single nanometer-size particles by further miniaturization of the device to submicron dimensions.
Fluoxetine as a Potential Pharmacotherapy for Methamphetamine Dependence (2006)

The monoamine transporters are the main targets of psychostimulant drugs, including methamphetamine (METH) and cocaine. Interestingly, the rewarding effects of cocaine are retained in dopamine transporter (DAT) knockout (KO) mice, while serotonin transporter (SERT) and DAT double KO mice do not exhibit conditioned place preference (CPP) to cocaine. These data suggest that SERT inhibition decreases the rewarding effects of psychostimulants. To further test this hypothesis, in the present study, we investigated the effects of intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of 20 mg/kg fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), on 2 mg/kg METH (i.p.) CPP and locomotor sensitization to 1 mg/kg METH (i.p.) in C57BL/6J mice. Fluoxetine treatment before both the conditioning and preference tests abolished METH CPP. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that METH CPP tended to be lower in mice pretreated with fluoxetine before the preference test than in control mice pretreated with saline before the preference test. Furthermore, pretreatment with fluoxetine had inhibitory effects on METH-induced locomotor sensitization. These results suggest that fluoxetine, a widely used medication for depression, may be also a useful tool for treating METH dependence.