gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ah Receptor-Based Chemical Screening Bioassays: Application and Limitations for the Detection of Ah Receptor Agonists (2000)

The aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that mediates many of the biologic and toxicologic effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD, dioxin) and related chemicals. Here we utilized two AhR-dependent bioassay systems as screening tools to identify novel AhR agonists and to detect the presence of AhR agonists in sample extracts. These assays measure the ability of a chemical to activate AhR DNA binding in vitro (GRAB bioassay) or AhR-dependent (luciferase) gene expression in cultured cells (CALUX bioassay). Known AhR agonists (halogenated and nonhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons) were positive in both assays, whereas the AhR antagonist alpha-naphthoflavone exhibited agonist activity only in the GRAB assay. In vitro GRAB analysis has identified several imidazoline receptor ligands and beta-carbolines as AhR agonists and also revealed the presence of AhR agonist activity in crude DMSO extracts of commercial newspapers. In contrast to their positive activity in the GRAB assay, the majority of these chemicals/extracts were only weakly active or inactive in the cell-based CALUX assay. Our results not only reveal that the ability of a chemical to activate the AhR in vitro does not necessarily correlate with its ability to induce gene expression in intact cells, but the high level of false positives obtained with the GRAB assay clearly demonstrates its inability to accurately identify AhR agonists or agonist activity. Screening of unknown chemicals, chemical classes, and samples for AhR agonist activity will require the use of intact cell bioassays.
0.18μm thin oxide CMOS transceiver front-end with integrated T/sub x//R/sub x/ commutator for low cost Bluetooth solutions (2004)

This paper presents the improvement of a first RF front end design for Bluetooth without using any antenna switch based on V. Knopik (2002). It consists of reducing the number of inductances, 3 instead of 7, and using thin oxide MOS instead of thick oxide ones without degrading the overall performance. The receiver is composed of a low-noise amplifier and a mixer. The former is suitable for zero IF, quasi zero IF or low IF topology for which NF is 21dB, 16dB and 14dB respectively. The transmitter is composed of an image rejection mixer and a power amplifier. It can deliver 5dBm at the compression point with an image rejection better than -40dBc. The chip has been integrated in 0.18/spl mu/m 1.8V STMicroelectronics RFCMOS technology. It consumes 27mA in TX mode and 5.2mA in RX mode.
The distribution and mobility of anionic sites on the surfaces of baby hamster kidney cells. (1975)

The distribution and mobility of anionic sites on the surfaces of baby hamster kidney cells were studied by utilizing the multivalent ligand, polycationic ferritin, as a visual probe. Our observations revealed that anionic sites are distributed over the entire cell surface, with the highest density of sites being located on cell surface microextensions. Following the initial binding of polycationic ferritin to the surface of unfixed cells, the ligand-bound anionic sites redistributed by migrating from the surface of microextensions to the surface of the cell body. In 20 min, this migration resulted in a total clearing of anionic sites from the surface of microextensions concomitant with the formation of patches of anionic sites on the surface of the cell body. Polycationic ferritin-induced migration and patch formation of anionic sites was not prevented by 2,4-dinitrophenol, N-ethylmaleimide, colchicine, or cytochalasin B. However, the ligand-induced redistribution of cell surface anionic sites was prevented by prefixation of cells with glutaraldehyde.
Optically restorable WDM ring network using simple add/drop circuitry (1996)

An optically restorable wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) ring network carrying ATM traffic is presented. It uses a new architecture with simple add/drop circuitry allowing traffic restoration in case of a ring breakage by independent local actions at the affected nodes. Multisession video traffic at 155 Mb/s was demonstrated between stations distributed along the ring. No visible video degradation was observed during the 50 ms restoration time caused by a ring breakage.
Dopaminergic Receptors Linked to Adenylate Cyclase in Human Cerebromicrovascular Endothelium (1991)

Cultured endothelium derived from three fractions of human cerebral microvessels was used to characterize dopamine (DA) receptors linked to adenylate cyclase activity. DA or D1 agonist, (+/-)-SKF-82958 hydrobromide, stimulated endothelial cyclic AMP formation in a dose-dependent manner. The selective D1 antagonist, (+/-)SCH-23390, inhibited in a dose-dependent manner the production of cyclic AMP induced by DA. The affinity for the D1 receptor appeared to be greater in endothelium derived from large and small microvessels than from capillaries. Cholera toxin ADP-ribosylation of Gs proteins abolished the DA stimulatory effect on endothelial adenylate cyclase, whereas pertussis toxin ADP-ribosylation enhanced the DA-inducible formation, indicating the presence of both D1 and D2 receptors. Agonists of alpha 1-adrenergic receptors (phenylephrine, 6-fluoronorepinephrine) or serotonin (5-HT), which stimulated the production of cyclic AMP, had no additive effect on DA-stimulated cyclic AMP formation. Incubation of these agents with DA produced the same or lower levels of cyclic AMP as compared to that formed by DA alone. The effect of alpha 1-adrenergic agonists or 5-HT on DA production of cyclic AMP was partially prevented by the D2 antagonist, S(-)-sulpiride, or ketanserin (5-HT2 greater than alpha 1 greater than H1 antagonists), respectively. These findings represent the first demonstration of D1- (stimulatory) and D2- (inhibitory) receptors linked to adenylate cyclase in microvascular endothelium derived from human brain. The data also indicate that dopaminergic receptors can interact with either alpha 1-adrenergic or or 5-HT receptors in endothelium on the adenylate cyclase level.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Trends in the prevalence and incidence of diabetes: non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. (1988)

The revision of the classification of diabetes mellitus, to differentiate clearly between insulin-dependent (IDDM) and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), and the provision of unambiguous guidelines for diagnosis (1) constitute important recent developments in diabetes epidemiology. However, our knowledge even of the prevalence of NIDDM remains surprisingly incomplete for many areas of the world. Whilst NIDDM may still be uncommon in rural Africa, prevalence has been reported as approximately 10% in blacks in the United States, indicating a need for more information regarding the prevalence of NIDDM in urban Africa. There is also little information with regard to urban communities in Latin America. The highest prevalence of NIDDM is found in certain indigenous North American and Western Pacific societies. In extreme cases approximately one-third of the adult population now suffers from the disease. NIDDM is also common (prevalence approximately 5%) in Europe and in communities of European origin. Data from the United States suggest that approximately one-fifth of white North Americans can expect to develop NIDDM if they live to the seventh decade of life. Of populations of South-East Asian ethnicity, Indians appear to be the most susceptible. Indian migrants to Fiji, South Africa and South America all demonstrate prevalence of NIDDM of 10% or more. Whilst it was formerly believed that Chinese were rarely affected by NIDDM, recent reports cast some doubt on this. Prevalence of NIDDM in the Western Pacific varies widely. However, with the possible exception of certain Melanesian populations, prevalence is high in all communities which have abandoned their traditional lifestyle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
PLEdestrians: a least-effort approach to crowd simulation (2010)

We present a new algorithm for simulating large-scale crowds at interactive rates based on the Principle of Least Effort. Our approach uses an optimization method to compute a biomechanically energy-efficient, collision-free trajectory that minimizes the amount of effort for each heterogeneous agent in a large crowd. Moreover, the algorithm can automatically generate many emergent phenomena such as lane formation, crowd compression, edge and wake effects ant others. We compare the results from our simulations to data collected from prior studies in pedestrian and crowd dynamics, and provide visual comparisons with real-world video. In practice, our approach can interactively simulate large crowds with thousands of agents on a desktop PC and naturally generates a diverse set of emergent behaviors.
Arizona I-19 Wi-Fi Corridor: Assessment of Opportunities for Probe Data Operations (2005)

36 pages (PDF version). File size: 338.442 KB. Report TRQS-02. October 2005. Prepared for Arizona Department of Transportation in cooperation with U.S. Department of Transportation.
Defucosylated Chimeric Anti-CC Chemokine Receptor 4 IgG1 with Enhanced Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity Shows Potent Therapeutic Activity to T-Cell Leukemia and Lymphoma (2004)

Human IgG1 antibodies with low fucose contents in their asparagine-linked oligosaccharides have been shown recently to exhibit potent antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) in vitro. To additionally investigate the efficacy of the human IgG1 with enhanced ADCC, we generated the defucosylated chimeric anti-CC chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) IgG1 antibody KM2760. KM2760 exhibited much higher ADCC using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) as effector cells compared with the highly fucosylated, but otherwise identical IgG1, KM3060. In addition, KM2760 also exhibited potent ADCC in the presence of lower concentrations of human PBMCs than KM3060. Because CCR4 is a selective marker of T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, the effectiveness of KM2760 for T-cell malignancy was evaluated in several mouse models. First, to compare the antitumor activity of KM2760 and KM3060, we constructed a human PBMC-engrafted mouse model to determine ADCC efficacy with human effector cells. In this model, KM2760 showed significantly higher antitumor efficacy than KM3060, indicating that KM2760 retains its high potency in vivo. Second, KM2760 suppressed tumor growth in both syngeneic and xenograft mouse models in which human PBMCs were not engrafted. Although murine effector cells exhibited marginal ADCC mediated by KM2760 and KM3060, KM2760 unexpectedly showed higher efficacy than KM3060 in a syngeneic mouse model, suggesting that KM2760 functions in murine effector system in vivo via an unknown mechanism that differs from that in human. These results indicate that defucosylated antibodies with enhanced ADCC as well as potent antitumor activity in vivo are promising candidates for the novel antibody-based therapy.
The integration of inspection into the CIM environment (2002)

The authors describe a CIM (computer-integrated manufacturing) system that combines inspection specification and planning with the design process. A part is described in terms of generic features: form features (e.g. pockets or ribs) and inspection and tolerance features (e.g. callouts). Rules for inspection are incorporated as part of the generic features. Part definitions and data structures necessary to describe the design are discussed. An overall design consists of a set of feature instances and their relations. Individual features can be automatically checked as they are specified by the designer for overt errors (e.g. incomplete information such as an undefined datum). The overall design is then evaluated for correctness of geometry and inspection specifications. In particular, the designer's tolerance specifications are checked for completeness and internal consistency. Once a design is complete, a module generates process and inspection plans by concatenating the processing and inspection rules associated with individual features and optimizing the result with respect to the overall cost of inspection. An implementation is described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Expression of cloned human lactoferrin in baby-hamster kidney cells (1991)

Human lactoferrin was expressed from a cloned cDNA introduced into mammalian cells in tissue culture. Total RNA was extracted from human bone marrow, and lactoferrin cDNA was synthesized by primer-specific polymerase chain reaction after oligo(dT)-primed first-strand synthesis. The cDNA was sequenced to confirm its identity with previously published human lactoferrin sequences and cloned into the eukaryotic expression vector pNUT. Recombinant vector DNA containing the human lactoferrin sequence was introduced into baby-hamster kidney (BHK) cells in culture, and stable transfectants were produced by dominant marker selection. Human lactoferrin was expressed from the metallothionein promoter of pNUT by Zn2+ induction. The protein was secreted into the tissue-culture medium and was subsequently purified to homogeneity in a single step. Initial characterization suggests that the protein expressed by BHK cells is identical with native human lactoferrin.
Frequency-dependent interaction of ultrashort E-fields with nociceptor membranes and proteins (2010)

We examined the influence of ultrashort pulses (USP) on sensory neurons. Single and high frequency bursts of 12 ns E-fields were presented to rat skin nociceptors that expressed distinct combinations of voltage-sensitive proteins. A single E-field pulse produced action potentials in all nociceptor subtypes at a critical threshold (E(c) ) of 403 V/cm. When configured into high frequency bursts, USP charge integrated to reduce the action potential threshold in a frequency and burst duration-dependent manner with E(c) as low as 16 V/cm (4000 Hz, 25 ms burst). There was no evidence of electroporation at field intensities near the E(c) for nociceptor activation. USP bursts activated a late, persistent Ca(++) flux that was identified as a dantrolene-sensitive Ca(++) -induced Ca(++) release (CICR). Influx of Ca(++) into the cell was required for the CICR and resulted in a reduction of the single pulse E(c) by about 50%.
Study of the vibrational modes of subsurface oxygen on Al (111) using diode laser infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (1987)

Infrared reflection–absorption spectroscopy, using polarization modulation and tunable diode laser excitation, has been applied to the study of the vibrational modes of subsurface oxygen on Al(111). The dependence of the spectra on O2 exposure and on annealing has been investigated at a resolution of ∼10 to 20 cm−1 (1.2–2.5 meV) and correlated with Auger data. The absorption band (∼780–920 cm−1) consists of overlapping bands at ∼835 and 862 cm−1 associated, respectively, with isolated sites and with clusters of such sites resembling Al2O3. The apparent shift of this band to higher energy with increasing coverage, observed at lower resolution (but higher sensitivity) in electron energy‐loss spectroscopy, is found to result from the change in relative intensity of the two modes.
Cloning, sequencing, and expression of the gene encoding the porcine alpha 2-adrenergic receptor. Allosteric modulation by Na+, H+, and amiloride analogs. (1990)

The gene for an alpha 2-adrenergic receptor has been cloned from a porcine genomic library, using as a probe a 0.95-kilobase Pst fragment of the gene for the human platelet alpha 2-adrenergic receptor. The identity of the cloned porcine gene was confirmed initially on the basis of partial amino acid sequence information obtained following cyanogen bromide digestion of homogeneous preparations of porcine brain alpha 2-adrenergic receptors. The deduced amino acid sequence for the porcine receptor, when compared to other members of the family of guanine nucleotide-binding protein-coupled receptors, shares the same overall structural characteristics and most closely resembles the human platelet C10 alpha 2-adrenergic receptor (greater than 93% homology). The putative porcine alpha 2-receptor gene was expressed in the COS-M6 cell line. Transfected cells display saturable [3H]yohimbine binding. The KD for [3H]yohimbine, determined in digitonin-solubilized preparations, is 5.8 nM. The selectivity of agonists and antagonists in competing for [3H]yohimbine binding to membranes prepared from the transfected cells is characteristic of the alpha 2A subtype of adrenergic receptors. The porcine alpha 2-receptor also was expressed permanently in LLC-PK1 porcine kidney cells at a level of 100 pmol/mg protein. The alpha 2-agonist UK14304 is able to attenuate forskolin or vasopressin-stimulated cAMP accumulation by at least 50% in these cells. Allosteric modulation of [3H] yohimbine binding by Na+, H+, and 5-amino-substituted analogs of amiloride also was demonstrated for the alpha 2-receptor expressed in COS-M6 cells. Moreover, these modulatory effects were quantitatively similar to those observed for homogeneous preparations of the alpha 2-receptor purified from porcine brain cortex. Retention of the effects of cations and amiloride analogs in transiently expressed alpha 2-receptors supports the interpretation that the allosteric sites for these agents reside in the alpha 2-receptor molecule itself.
Contour rendering (1999)

A contour image represents the essence of a scene, a "simplified reality." Contours are used in non-photorealistic images for comics and cartoons to illustrate geometric shape, spatial relationships, color, texture and illumination. This article describes traditional and computer-generated contour rendering, gives examples of contour placement and styles, discusses some practical issues, and describes the contour shader interface of the rendering program mental ray.
Effects of Storage Time and Exogenous Protease Inhibitors on Plasma Protein Levels (2006)

Plasma biomarker analysis requires intact unbiased starting material. We analyzed the effects on plasma protein profiles of protease inhibitor cocktails and preprocessing storage. Plasma from 12 healthy subjects collected with and without protease inhibitors was prepared immediately and after 2 hours of room temperature storage. The samples were analyzed by a multiplexed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay that captured 99 chemokines and cytokines. Unsupervised hierarchical analysis clustered the samples into 4 groups: one composed predominantly of samples processed immediately, another of samples processed after 2 hours, and the remaining two a mix of immediate and 2-hour samples. The mixed and immediate group protein profiles were similar. However, among the immediate and 2-hour samples, the levels of 37 factors differed significantly: all were greater after 2 hours. The dramatic changes in protein levels during storage were independent of protease inhibitors and are likely due to cytokine production and/or release by leukocytes and platelets.
Torsades de Pointes Occurring in Association With Terfenadine Use (1990)

Torsades de pointes is a form of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia that is associated with prolongation of the QT interval. Although found in many clinical settings, torsades de pointes is most often drug induced. This report describes the first association (exclusive of drug overdose) of symptomatic torsades de pointes occurring with the use of terfenadine in a patient who was taking the recommended prescribed dose of this drug in addition to cefaclor, ketoconazole, and medroxyprogesterone. Measured serum concentrations of terfenadine and its main metabolite showed excessive levels of parent terfenadine and proportionately reduced concentrations of metabolite, suggesting inhibition of terfenadine metabolism. We believe that a drug interaction between terfenadine and ketoconazole resulted in the elevated terfenadine levels in plasma and in the cardiotoxicity previously seen only in cases of terfenadine overdose.
Low-noise parametric frequency comb for continuous C-plus-L-band 16-QAM channels generation (2014)

A low phase noise frequency comb generated from a continuous-wave seed is experimentally demonstrated across continuous C- and L-bands. Parametrically generated carriers with optical signal-to-noise ratio in excess of 45 dB were used to generate 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulated signals. We characterize 20 GBaud channels' performance that was varied by only 1.7 dB across the combined C/L band.
Downstream Divergence of the Ethylene Signaling Pathway for Harpin-Stimulated Arabidopsis Growth and Insect Defense (2004)

Ethylene (ET) signal transduction may regulate plant growth and defense, depending on which components are recruited into the pathway in response to different stimuli. We report here that the ET pathway controls both insect resistance (IR) and plant growth enhancement (PGE) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants responding to harpin, a protein produced by a plant pathogenic bacterium. PGE may result from spraying plant tops with harpin or by soaking seeds in harpin solution; the latter especially enhances root growth. Plants treated similarly develop resistance to the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae). The salicylic acid pathway, although activated by harpin, does not lead to PGE and IR. By contrast, PGE and IR are induced in both wild-type plants and genotypes that have defects in salicylic acid signaling. In response to harpin, levels of jasmonic acid (JA) decrease, and the COI1 gene, which is indispensable for JA signal transduction, is not expressed in wild-type plants. However, PGE and IR are stimulated in the JA-resistant mutant jar1-1. In the wild type, PGE and IR develop coincidently with increases in ET levels and the expression of several genes essential for ET signaling. The ET receptor gene ETR1 is required because both phenotypes are arrested in the etr1-1 mutant. Consistently, inhibition of ET perception nullifies the induction of both PGE and IR. The signal transducer EIN2 is required for IR, and EIN5 is required for PGE because IR and PGE are impaired correspondingly in the ein2-1 and ein5-1 mutants. Therefore, harpin activates ET signaling while conscribing EIN2 and EIN5 to confer IR and PGE, respectively.
Non-peptidic, Non-prenylic Bisubstrate Farnesyltransferase Inhibitors, 4. Effect on Farnesyltransferase Inhibitory Activity of Conformational Restrictions in the Central Group (2000)

We have recently described non-peptidic, non-prenylic bisubstrate analogues as novel farnesyltransferase inhibitors comprising three modules-a farnesylmimetic, a linker and an AAX-peptidomimetic substructure. In this study we replaced the originally used β-alanyl linker by several aliphatic and cyclic amino acids to investigate the effects on inhibitory potential of the stereochemistry of this central group. Whereas replacement of β-alanine by glycine did not affect inhibitory activity, all other modifications resulted in reduced activity. This result, which will be helpful for further development, shows that the bioactive conformation is none of those fixed by the rigid linkers.