gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thrombopoietin accelerates platelet, red blood cell, and neutrophil recovery in myelosuppressed mice. (1996)

The recent cloning of thrombopoietin (TPO) has allowed us to study its in vivo effects in normal and myelosuppressed mice. Normal Balb/c mice were treated with recombinant human TPO (hTPO) at doses ranging from 1 to 20 kU for 7 days, and complete blood counts (CBCs) and the number of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow were determined. Platelet counts were increased starting on day 5 after mice were treated with hTPO. Platelet counts reached a peak between days 8 and 11 and returned to baseline between days 16 and 20. hTPO treatment increased the number of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow starting on day 3. In normal mice, hTPO treatment did not affect red or white blood cell (RBC or WBC) counts. To test the effects of hTPO in myelosuppressed mice, Balb/c mice were irradiated with 350 cGy total-body irradiation and dosed with 1.2 mg carboplatin, resulting in severe and prolonged thrombocytopenia, anemia, and neutropenia. Treatment with 5-20 kU hTPO for 7 days accelerated the recovery of platelet, RBC, and neutrophil counts in myelosuppressed mice and also significantly improved their nadirs. In addition, bone marrow megakaryocyte numbers recovered 11 days earlier and reticulocyte counts recovered 10 days earlier in hTPO-treated myelosuppressed mice than in controls. These results indicate that TPO can improve hematopoietic recovery in myelosuppressed mice, affecting multiple cell lineages.
Analysis of steam storage systems using Modelica (2006)

Modelica is used for the analysis of steam accumula-tors used as energy storage systems in power plants and process industry. The analysis includes varying pressure accumulators and steam accumulators with latent heat technology. Physical models for the phase change material (PCM) and for the vertical discreti-sation of stacked volume elements are implemented in Modelica. Modelica is used for the analysis of new PCM enhanced steam accumulators which are not state of the art. The results of this analysis help to design these novel storage systems.
Item-based top-<i>N</i>recommendation algorithms (2004)

The explosive growth of the world-wide-web and the emergence of e-commerce has led to the development of recommender systems ---a personalized information filtering technology used to identify a set of items that will be of interest to a certain user. User-based collaborative filtering is the most successful technology for building recommender systems to date and is extensively used in many commercial recommender systems. Unfortunately, the computational complexity of these methods grows linearly with the number of customers, which in typical commercial applications can be several millions. To address these scalability concerns model-based recommendation techniques have been developed. These techniques analyze the user--item matrix to discover relations between the different items and use these relations to compute the list of recommendations.In this article, we present one such class of model-based recommendation algorithms that first determines the similarities between the various items and then uses them to identify the set of items to be recommended. The key steps in this class of algorithms are (i) the method used to compute the similarity between the items, and (ii) the method used to combine these similarities in order to compute the similarity between a basket of items and a candidate recommender item. Our experimental evaluation on eight real datasets shows that these item-based algorithms are up to two orders of magnitude faster than the traditional user-neighborhood based recommender systems and provide recommendations with comparable or better quality.
Scalable Cluster Computing with MOSIX for LINUX (1999)

Mosix is a software tool for supporting cluster computing. It consists of kernel-level, adaptive resource sharing algorithms that are geared for high performance, overhead-free scalability and ease-of-use of a scalable computing cluster. The core of the Mosix technology is the capability of multiple workstations and servers (nodes) to work cooperatively as if part of a single system. The algorithms of Mosix are designed to respond to variations in the resource usage among the nodes by migrating processes from one node to another, preemptively and transparently, for load-balancing and to prevent memory depletion at any node. Mosix is scalable and it attempts to improve the overall performance by dynamic distribution and redistribution of the workload and the resources among the nodes of a computing-cluster of any size. Mosix conveniently supports a multi-user time-sharing environment for the execution of both sequential and parallel tasks. So far Mosix was developed 7 times, for different version of Unix, BSD and most recently for Linux. This paper describes the 7-th version of Mosix, for Linux. 1
The aurora experimental framework for the performance evaluation of speech recognition systems under noisy conditions (2000)

This paper describes a database designed to evaluate the performance of speech recognition algorithms in noisy conditions.The database may either be used to measure frontend feature extraction algorithms, using a defined HMM recognition back-end, or complete recognition systems.The source speech for this database is the TIdigits, consisting of connected digits task spoken by American English talkers (downsampled to 8kHz).A selection of 8 different real-world noises have been added to the speech over a range of signal to noise ratios with controlled filtering of the speech and noise.The framework was prepared as a contribution to the ETSI STQ-AURORA DSR Working Group[1].Aurora is developing standards for Distributed Speech Recognition (DSR) where the speech analysis is done in the telecommunication terminal and the recognition at a central location in the telecom network.The framework is currently being used to evaluate alternative proposals for front-end feature extraction.The database has been made publicly available through ELRA so that other speech researchers to evaluate and compare the performance of noise robust algorithms.Recognition results will be presented for the first standard DSR feature extraction scheme based on a cepstral analysis.
Human placental HLA-G expression is restricted to differentiated cytotrophoblasts. (1995)

Human placental trophoblasts lie at the maternal-fetal interface, a position in which they could play an important role in maternal tolerance of the fetal semi-allograft. Central to this hypothesis is their unusual MHC class I expression: they suppress class Ia production while expressing HLA-G, a class Ib molecule. We investigated human trophoblast HLA-G protein production in vivo and in vitro. We first used a synthetic peptide corresponding to the variable sequence of the alpha 1 domain to produce mAbs that recognized HLA-G. Ab specificity was demonstrated by immunoaffinity purification of a single protein with the same molecular mass (38 kDa) as HLA-G from choriocarcinoma cells. Use of these Abs to stain tissue sections of the maternal-fetal interface containing cytotrophoblasts in all stages of differentiation showed that HLA-G is expressed only by cytotrophoblasts that invade the uterus. Our previous in vitro studies showed that when early-gestation cytotrophoblast stem cells are cultured, they differentiate rapidly along the invasive pathway, as demonstrated by their expression of stage-specific markers. Here we show they also up-regulate HLA-G production. Cytotrophoblasts from term placentas, which have reduced invasive capacity in vitro, also had decreased ability to up-regulate HLA-G protein expression. We detected high levels of HLA-G mRNA in cytotrophoblasts isolated from first- and second-trimester placentas, but only trace amounts in term cells. Taken together, these results suggest that HLA-G production is a critical component of cytotrophoblast differentiation along the invasive pathway.
Dependence of the number of platelets maintaining aerobic metabolism on the size of storage containers. (1988)

In order to elucidate the role of the size (surface area) of the storage container in maintaining the oxidative metabolism of platelets during in vitro storage at 22 degrees C, human platelets were stored as platelet concentrates (PC) with plasma in conventional polyvinylchloride plastic containers of various sizes for 3 days at 22 degrees C. Oxygen permeability of the container was 1.5 nmole/min/atm/cm2. Levels of the partial oxygen pressure (PO2) of PC depended on both container size and total number of platelets. The larger the containers, the higher was the PO2. PO2 linearly decreased to 16 mmHg with increasing platelet number. In well-oxygenated PC, 93% of the total ATP production was through the oxidative phosphorylation. With further increases in platelet number in the container, PO2 maintained low levels. The increases in glucose consumption and concomitant lactate production occurred to compensate the oxygen debt. The pH fall in PC depended on the degree of glycolysis. The partial carbon dioxide pressure (PCO2) increased with increasing platelet number. However, the larger the container, the lower was the PCO2. When PC were stored in 6 different-sized containers, the number of platelets, at which PO2 was 16 mmHg, was correlated with the size of the container. The present data indicate that the amounts of oxygen entering a container, which depended on container size, may determine the number of platelets maintaining oxidative metabolism.
Aerographite: Ultra Lightweight, Flexible Nanowall, Carbon Microtube Material with Outstanding Mechanical Performance (2012)

An ultra lightweight carbon microtube material called Aerographite is synthesized by a novel single-step chemical vapor deposition synthesis based on ZnO networks, which is presently the lightest known material with a density smaller than μg/cm(3). Despite its low density, the hierarchical design leads to remarkable mechanical, electrical, and optical properties. The first experiments with Aerographite electrodes confirm its applicability.
New Insights into Drug Absorption from Oil Depots (2017)

Sustained delivery formulations are used in order to prolong the pharmacological activity of a drug. A commonly used parenteral sustained delivery formulation is an oil depot which consists of a solution of lipophilic molecules in a vegetable oil. These are normally administered either intramuscularly (i.m.) or subcutaneously (s.c.). The idea of the formulation approach is that a substance that is far better soluble in oil than in water tends to stay in the oil phase. The exact mechanism of drug absorption from these formulations is not fully understood however. The aim of this dissertation was to obtain more understanding about the way a drug is absorbed from an oil depot into the human body. It is generally assumed that the drug release from the oil is mainly determined by the substance’s partition coefficient, i.e. the ratio between lipid and aqueous solubilities of the drug. In the human body, the aqueous phase is represented by the interstitial fluid, which is located between cell tissue at the site of injection. Logically, the higher the affinity for oil, the lower the tendency a drug will have to leave the oil phase. Consequently, a more pronounced sustained drug release is obtained by an increase of the drugs lipophilicity (i.e. higher partition coefficient). A drug can be made more lipophilic through esterification of the molecule with a fatty acid. This esterified compound is inactive as such and is therefore referred to as prodrug. After release from the oil it is activated by hydrolysis, resulting in the so-called parent compound or active substance, which is responsible for the pharmacological effect. The papers that have been published until now can be distinguished into two different focus points: On the one hand, in vitro models examined the prodrug release from the oil depot, which is basically nothing else than a diffusion process through an interface. On the other hand, other studies focused mainly on the pharmacokinetic profiles, i.e. the plasma concentrations of the parent compound. Clearly, the appearance of the parent compound in the blood stream must be considered as a result of a sequence of steps including release out of the oil, hydrolysis of the prodrug and transport to the central circulation. These steps, i.e. the exact fate of the prodrug once released from the oil depot has remained relatively uninvestigated. Therefore, the specific aim of this dissertation is to assess what happens with the prodrug once it is released out of the oil depot. In my dissertation, it is presented what the new insights are of drug absorption from oil depots. It has been examined what the role of the excipient benzyl alcohol was on the absorption of nandrolone and how the oil is distributed over the injection site. Finally, I have studied where activation of the inactive drugs takes place in the body. These fundamental aspects on drug absorption from oil depots are relevant for the therapeutic efficacy in patients.
Chiral SmA* materials for display applications? (2007)

Abstract— The potential of chiral SmA* materials for electro‐optics applications exploiting the electroclinic effect will be explored. In this context, the nature of the de Vries smectics will be discussed, and characterization and application of some rare SmA* materials exhibiting a large and relatively temperature‐insensitive electroclinic coefficient will be described.
Effect of AlN interlayers on growth stress in GaN layers deposited on (111) Si (2005)

Thin (∼10nm) AlN interlayers have previously been used to mitigate stress and cracking in GaN epitaxial layers grown on Si substrates. However, multiple AlN interlayers are typically required for the growth of thick (&amp;gt;1μm) GaN as the initial compressive mismatch stress introduced by the AlN interlayer transitions to a tensile stress within 0.5μm. To better understand the reasons for the transition, in situ monitoring and transmission electron microscopy have been used to study stress and structural evolution in undoped GaN layers deposited on high temperature (1050–1100°C) AlN interlayers by metal-organic chemical-vapor deposition. The results show that transition of the initial compressive stress to a final tensile stress is associated with a reduction in the density of dislocations introduced either by the pseudosubstrate or the interlayer itself.
Influence of temperature, molecular weight, and molecular weight dispersity on the surface tension of PS, PP, and PE. I. Experimental (2001)

Abstract In this work, the influence of temperature, molecular weight ( M̄ n ), and molecular weight dispersity (MWD) on the surface tension of polystyrene (PS) was evaluated using the pendant drop method. The influence of temperature on the surface tension of isotatic polypropylene (i‐PP) and of linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) was also studied here. It was shown that surface tension decreases linearly with increasing temperature for all the polymers studied. The temperature coefficient − d γ/ dT (where γ is the surface tension, and T , the temperature) was shown to decrease with increasing molecular weight and to increase with increasing MWD. The surface tension of PS increased when the molecular weight was varied from 3400 to 41,200 g/mol. When the molecular weight of PS was further increased, the surface tension was shown to level off. The surface tension was shown to decrease with increasing molecular weight distribution. Contact angles formed by drops of diiomethane and water on films of PS with different molecular weights were measured at 20°C. The surface energies of those polymers were then evaluated using the values of the different pairs of contact angles obtained here using two different models: the harmonic mean equation and the geometric mean equation. It was shown that the values of the surface energy obtained are slightly less than are the ones extrapolated from surface‐tension measurements in the rubbery state. © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 1907–1920, 2001
Association of an <i>IRF5</i> gene functional polymorphism with Sjögren's syndrome (2007)

This study is the first to demonstrate a significant association between primary SS and the IRF5 rs2004640 T allele. These results, which require further replication on larger populations, suggest that besides their association with identical major histocompatibility complex gene polymorphisms, primary SS and SLE share IRF gene polymorphisms as a common genetic susceptibility factor.
Human platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF): purification of PDGF-I and PDGF-II and separation of their reduced subunits. (1981)

Human platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) was purified from lysates of clinically outdated human platelets by a direct procedure that allowed the recovery of active PDGF from stained sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gels. This technique enabled the identification and purification to homogeneity of two active PDGF polypeptides, and with a molecular weight of about 35,000 (PDGF-I) and the other with a molecular weight of about 32,000 (PDGF-II). Reduced PDGF-I produced two inactive subunits, with molecular weights of about 15,000 and 18,000. Reduced PDGF-II also produced two inactive subunits, with molecular weights of about 15,000 and 16,000. It is possible that PDGF-II derives from proteolytic cleavage of PDGF-I.
Cleanroom software engineering: technology and process (1999)

Cleanroom software engineering is a process for developing and certifying high-reliability software. Combining theory-based engineering technologies in project management, incremental development, software specification and design, correctness verification, and statistical quality certification, the Cleanroom process answers today's call for more reliable software and provides methods for more cost-effective software development.Cleanroom originated with Harlan D. Mills, an IBM Fellow and a visionary in software engineering. Written by colleagues of Mills and some of the most experienced developers and practitioners of Cleanroom, Cleanroom Software Engineering provides a roadmap for software management, development, and testing as disciplined engineering practices. This book serves both as an introduction for those new to Cleanroom and as a reference guide for the growing practitioner community. Readers will discover a proven way to raise both quality and productivity in their software-intensive products, while reducing costs.Highlights Explains basic Cleanroom theory Introduces the sequence-based specification method Elaborates the full management, development, and certification process in a Cleanroom Reference Model (CRM) Shows how the Cleanroom process dovetails with the SEI's Capability Maturity Model for Software (CMM) Includes a large case study to illustrate how Cleanroom methods scale up to large projects.
[Expressions of src-suppressed C kinase substrate in lipopolysaccharide injured rat livers]. (2008)

蛋白激酶C(PKC)作为信号转导主要成员而参与内毒素诱导肝损伤[1,2].然而,目前关于PKC参与内毒素肝损伤的分子机制尚不明确.Src抑制的蛋白激酶C的底物(SSeCKS)为一种新发现的支架蛋白,通过锚定主要信号调节因子蛋白激酶C(PKC)而调节其与下游底物的结合,从而辅助调控细胞因子的分泌和有丝分裂[3,4]。
Vertical Motion of Neutrally Buoyant Floats (1990)

The vertical motion of a neutrally buoyant float is determined from the solution to the nonlinear forced harmonic oscillator equation originally set forth by Voorhis. Float response to forced vertical oscillations is characterized by the response ratio, r = ξr/ξw, where ξr, is the vertical displacement of an isopycnal relative to the float, and ξw is the vertical displacement of an isopycnal relative to its initial equilibrium position. For isopycnal displacements with frequencies much less than the resonant frequency of the float, the goat can be considered to be in near dynamic equilibrium with the forcing, and r is a function of the relative compressibility between the float and seawater, s = γf/ γw, and the normalized buoyancy frequency N = N/Ω, where Ω is a characteristic float frequency defined by Ω2 = gξw[1 − (αfαw−1)]− 1, where αf, αw are the coefficients of thermal expansion of the float and water, respectively. For the new dynamic equilibrium case, data obtained from a float deployment in a Gulf Stream meander result in an observed r value close to the predicted value. For the case of float response to an isopycnal displacement of frequency near the resonant frequency of the float, vertical motion depends on drag, in addition to the material properties of the float and seawater. The bandwidth over which resonance can occur is parametrized by the ‘Q’ factor, the inverse of the normalized bandwidth, which for cylindrical floats is predicted to be greater than 1, indicating sharp resonance. From a float deployment in the Gulf Stream region it was estimated that Q ≈ 5. For this case, the spectrum of float temperature, which was used as an indicator of the relative response between the float and a displaced isopycnal, and the spectrum of the float pressure, used as an indicator of float displacement, did scale according to that predicted by the condition of near equilibrium response, up to of order the resonant frequency of the float.
Buccal versus intramuscular dexmedetomidine premedication for arthroscopic knee surgery under spinal anesthesia (2006)

1Department of Anesthesiology; 2Department of Neurosurgery, University of Suleyman Demirel, Turkey; 3Department of Biochemistry
Structural, electronic and vibrational properties of few-layer 2H- and 1T-TaSe2 (2015)

Two-dimensional metallic transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are of interest for studying phenomena such as charge-density wave (CDW) and superconductivity. Few-layer tantalum diselenides (TaSe2) are typical metallic TMDs exhibiting rich CDW phase transitions. However, a description of the structural, electronic and vibrational properties for different crystal phases and stacking configurations, essential for interpretation of experiments, is lacking. We present first- principles calculations of structural phase energetics, band dispersion near the Fermi level, phonon properties and vibrational modes at the Brillouin zone center for different layer numbers, crystal phases and stacking geometries. Evolution of the Fermi surfaces as well as the phonon dispersions as a function of layer number reveals dramatic dimensionality effects in this CDW material. Our results indicate strong electronic interlayer coupling, detail energetically possible stacking geometries, and provide a basis for interpretation of Raman spectra.
Mechanisms of arterial and aneurysmal tortuosity. (1988)

Most arteries follow a straight course because they are stretched by longitudinal traction. However, aneurysms and arteries in aged, hypertensive patients often exhibit tortuosity. This study was undertaken to examine mechanisms of tortuosity and the role of the arterial wall connective tissues. Experiments were performed in vitro on 48 dog carotid arteries before and after treatment with elastase or collagenase. Degradation of wall elastin caused aneurysmal dilatation and a marked decrease in longitudinal retractive force (p less than 0.05). This permitted the development of tortuosity. Degradation of wall collagen caused minimal dilatation but did cause vessel rupture; however, degradation of collagen produced no decrease in longitudinal retractive force (p = NS). These data demonstrate that failure of elastin permits vessels to (1) dilate aneurysmally and (2) elongate sufficiently to become tortuous. Failure of elastin plays a role in the tortuosity seen with age and hypertension, congenital kinking of arteries, aneurysms, and ectasias (arteriomegaly). Failure of collagen causes vessels to rupture but does not facilitate the development of tortuosity.