gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Xenotransplantation-The Future of Corneal Transplantation? (2010)

Although corneal transplantation (Tx) is readily available in the United States and certain other regions of the developed world, the need for human donor corneas worldwide far exceeds supply. There is currently renewed interest in the possibility of using corneas from other species, especially pigs, for Tx into humans (xeno-Tx). The biomechanical properties of human and pig corneas are similar. Studies in animal models of corneal xeno-Tx have documented both humoral and cellular immune responses that play roles in xenograft rejection. The results obtained from the Tx of corneas from wild-type (ie, genetically unmodified) pigs into nonhuman primates have been surprisingly good and encouraging. Recent progress in the genetic manipulation of pigs has led to the prospect that the remaining immunological barriers will be overcome. There is every reason for optimism that corneal xeno-Tx will become a clinical reality within the next few years.
High-moisture corn utilization in finishing cattle. (1991)

Two finishing trials, one laboratory trial and one metabolism trial were conducted with the following objectives: 1) to determine the associative effects of feeding high-moisture corn (HMC) with either dry-rolled grain sorghum (DRGS) or dry-rolled corn (DRC) and 2) to evaluate HMC when harvested at different moisture levels, stored in different structures, or fed as whole or rolled HMC. In Trial 1, yearling steers (BW, 328 kg) were fed diets containing mixtures of HMC and DRGS. As level (0, 33, 100%, as percentage of grain DM) of DRGS increased, ADG (P less than .03) and gain/feed (P less than .001) decreased linearly; gain/feed tended to be affected quadratically (P = .14). In Trial 2, yearling steers (BW, 382 kg) fed HMC, stored whole in an upright, oxygen-limiting silo and rolled coarsely before feeding, gained faster (1.46 vs 1.36 kg/d) and more efficiently (.142 vs. .131 gain/feed) than steers fed whole HMC (P less than .01). In Trial 3, as length of storage of bunker HMC increased, in vitro rate of starch digestion and soluble N content increased (20.4 and 36.8%, respectively) and grain pH decreased (10.9%). In Trial 4, steers fed HMC or a mixture of 75% HMC with 25% DRGS had similar ruminal pH throughout a grain adaptation period, but total ruminal VFA were greater (P less than .005) for steers fed HMC alone. These data are interpreted to suggest that feeding a mixture of HMC, ground and stored in a bunker or silo bag, with DRGS will result in a 3.2% associative effect. However, no associative effects were measured when a mixture of HMC, stored whole and fed whole or rolled, and DRC were fed.
Theory of generation-recombination noise in intrinsic photoconductors (1982)

A theory of generation-recombination (g-r) noise is presented for intrinsic photoconductors, such as Hg1−xCdxTe. It includes, for the first time, effects of both diffusion and drift of carriers into the high recombination region near the contacts and combined with Rittner’s equation for responsivity gives a correspondingly complete expression for the detectivity, D*. Additionally, it includes the effect of the spatial correlation between the probability of a density fluctuation occurring and the lifetime of the fluctuation, rather than using spatial averages. The derived expression for the g-r noise consists of a thermal component and a background component which add in quadrature. The bias field and frequency dependence of these two components are different and thus the behavior of the total g-r noise and of D* depends on their relative contributions. In particular D* increases with increasing bias field when the background contribution dominates. The results of calculations for noise voltage and D* for a X=0.21 Hg1−xCdxTe photoconductor are presented.
A new method for the selective isolation of cysteine-containing peptides. Specific labelling of the thiol group with a hydrophobic chromophore (1983)

A new method for the selective isolation of cysteine-containing peptides was designed. The method is based on the specific labelling of thiol groups with a hydrophobic chromophore followed by enzymic fragmentation of the labelled protein and reversed-phase high-pressure liquid-chromatographic separation of the peptide mixture. This new method has several distinct advantages: (1) the hydrophobic-chromophore-labelled cysteine-containing peptides are easily separated from non-cysteine-containing peptides by reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography; (2) only cysteine-containing peptides are detected in the visible region with sensitivity at the low picomole level; this high sensitivity allows isolation of nanogram amounts of pure cysteine-containing peptide; (3) during sequence determination of the chromophore-labelled cysteine-containing peptides, the cysteine residues are released as coloured anilinothiazolinone derivatives and can be detected directly in the picomole range; (4) with proteins bearing several disulphide groups, each disulphide group may undergo a different degree of reduction, and therefore the recovery of individual cysteine-containing peptides may be used to deduce the disulphide linkages present in the native protein. Two thiol-specific reagents, 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene-4'-iodoacetamide and 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene-4'-N-maleimide, were synthesized and characterized. The method was successfully used to isolate five cysteine-containing peptides from a completely reduced monoclonal-antibody kappa-light chain raised against the azobenzenearsonate determinant and six cysteine-containing peptides from a kappa-light chain raised against streptococcal group A polysaccharide. The principle of this method is applicable to the isolation of any peptide containing amino acid residues that can be specifically labelled with a hydrophobic chromophore.
cis-Dichlorodiammineplatinum (II) in advanced osteogenic sarcoma. (1978)

Eight patients with advanced metastatic osteogenic sarcoma were treated with cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) (DDP). Prior to DDP, seven patients had amputations and all had received adjuvant adriamycin (ADR) therapy. In addition, prior to DDP, six patients had received high-dose methotrexate. There was one complete response (pulmonary metastases) and four partial responses (three metastases in the lungs and one in the bone). One additional patient, with local recurrence of osteogenic sarcoma of the mandible following initial resection and adjuvant ADR, was retreated with surgery and DDP and is disease-free for greater than 3 years. The cumulative dose ranged from 300 to 660 mg/m2. Toxicity included irreversible kidney damage in two patients, transient severe hematologic suppression in two patients, and nausea and vomiting in all patients. DDP is a new effective agent in the treatment of osteogenic sarcoma.
Nucleation and growth of epitaxial metal-oxide films based on polymer-assisted deposition (2013)

Polymer-assisted deposition (PAD) is one of the chemical solution deposition methods which have been successfully used to grow films, form coatings, and synthesize nanostructured materials. In comparison with other conventional solution-based deposition techniques, PAD differs in its use of water-soluble polymers in the solution that prevent the metal ions from unwanted chemical reactions and keep the solution stable. Furthermore, filtration to remove non-coordinated cations and anions in the PAD process ensures well controlled nucleation, which enables the growth of high quality epitaxial films with desired structural and physical properties. The precursor solution is prepared by mixing water-soluble polymer(s) with salt(s). Thermal treatment of the precursor films in a controlled environment leads to the formation of desired materials. Using BaTiO3 grown on SrTiO3 and LaMnO3 on LaAlO3 as model systems, we show the effect of filtration on the nucleation and growth of epitaxial complex metal-oxide films based on the PAD process.
Phenols in smoked cured meats. Phenolic composition of commercial liquid smoke preparations and Derived Bacon (1975)

Abstract The phenolic composition of two commercial liquid smoke emulsions has been determined by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry of the free phenols and their trimethylsilyl ethers. The phenolic fraction of smoked bacons derived from the liquid smoke emulsions has been determined similarly and compared with the phenolic fraction of traditional kiln‐smoked bacon. A preliminary examination of phenol penetration in smoked bacon has been made on a sample prepared from a liquid smoke emulsion by electrostatic spraying.
Chlorination at the 8-Position of a Functionalized Quinolone and the Synthesis of Quinolone Antibiotic ABT-492 (2006)

The total synthesis of quinolone antibiotic ABT-492 has been achieved in 67% yield over nine steps from 2,4,5-trifluorobenzoic acid. The highlights of this synthesis include a novel chemoselective chlorination at the 8-position of a highly elaborated quinolone core. In addition, a Lewis acid promoted cyclization reaction to form the quinolone heterocycle was developed which was incorporated into a one-pot, three-step cyclization/coupling/protection sequence that proceeds in 93% yield.
Glycoprotein cytoplasmic domain sequences required for rescue of a vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein mutant (1989)

We have used transient expression of the wild-type vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) glycoprotein (G protein) from cloned cDNA to rescue a temperature-sensitive G protein mutant of VSV in cells at the nonpermissive temperature. Using cDNAs encoding G proteins with deletions in the normal 29-amino-acid cytoplasmic domain, we determined that the presence of either the membrane-proximal 9 amino acids or the membrane-distal 12 amino acids was sufficient for rescue of the temperature-sensitive mutant. G proteins with cytoplasmic domains derived from other cellular or viral G proteins did not rescue the mutant, nor did G proteins with one or three amino acids of the normal cytoplasmic domain. Rescue correlated directly with the ability of the G proteins to be incorporated into virus particles. This was shown by analysis of radiolabeled particles separated on sucrose gradients as well as by electron microscopy of rescued virus after immunogold labeling. Quantitation of surface expression showed that all of the mutated G proteins were expressed less efficiently on the cell surface than was wild-type G protein. However, we were able to correct for differences in rescue efficiency resulting from differences in the level of surface expression by reducing wild-type G protein expression to levels equivalent to those observed for the mutated G proteins. Our results provide evidence that at least a portion of the cytoplasmic domain is required for efficient assembly of the VSV G protein into virions during virus budding.
Metabolism of RS-mevalonic acid-6,6,6-2H3 by in vitro callus culture of Perilla sp. (1985)

Metabolism of RS-Mevalonic Acid-6,6,6-2H3 by in Vitro Callus Culture of Perilla sp. Get access Kensuke Nabeta, Kensuke Nabeta Department of Food Science, Kagawa University, Miku-cho, Kiga-gun, Kagawa 761-07, Japan Present Addess: Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080, Japan. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Toshikatsu Oda, Toshikatsu Oda Department of Food Science, Kagawa University, Miku-cho, Kiga-gun, Kagawa 761-07, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Taichiro Fujimura, Taichiro Fujimura Department of Food Science, Kagawa University, Miku-cho, Kiga-gun, Kagawa 761-07, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Hiroshi Sugisawa Hiroshi Sugisawa Department of Food Science, Kagawa University, Miku-cho, Kiga-gun, Kagawa 761-07, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 49, Issue 10, 1 October 1985, Pages 3039–3040, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1985.10867212 Published: 01 October 1985 Article history Received: 11 January 1985 Published: 01 October 1985
Update in Cystic Fibrosis 2006 (2007)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a complex inherited condition resulting from abnormalities in the gene that codes for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR).CFTR, a membrane glycoprotein present in certain epithelia, contributes to regulation of ion flux across the cell surface in a number of ways, including direct chloride channel activity.The clinical picture of CF includes variable, but often severe, injury to the primary organs involved (exocrine pancreas, lung, sinus, liver, intestine) as well as a staggering array of secondary complications (including polymicrobial infection, malnutrition in many forms, hypoelectrolytemia, diabetes, vasculitis, nasal polyps, and pulmonary hypertension).Chronic, progressive lung disease results in most of the morbidity and mortality in CF and is therefore the main focus of clinical care and research.Care and research in CF have developed in parallel since the first clear definition of this condition in the 1930s (1).The curious elevation of sweat electrolytes seen in CF, first described in the 1950s, resulted in a robust diagnostic test.Comprehensive care centers soon followed and have evolved to include newer quality improvement and evidence-based approaches.The discovery and characterization of the abnormal gene in 1989 opened up many paths to research in model systems and in patients.It is now appreciated that CF airway disease involves intricate interrelationships among airway surface liquid, mucus clearance, infection, inflammation, repair, and fibrosis. CELL BIOLOGY Intracellular TraffickingIntracellular trafficking of wild-type and mutant CFTR has been the subject of dozens of reports in the past year.This is because the most common mutation in CF, ⌬F508, results in almost complete degradation of CFTR during endoplasmic reticulum processing.Treatment of this mutation is a central goal of research in CF because approximately 90% of all individuals in the United States with CF have at least one copy of the ⌬F508 mutation.Wang and colleagues, through an elegant proteomic approach, described the CFTR interactome, the complement of intracellular proteins that interact with CFTR (2).More than 200 proteins were identified, providing a foundation for more detailed study of individual protein complexes.Using small interfering (si)RNA, they further showed a special role for Aha1,
Seamless communication redundancy of IEC 62439 (2011)

Today, Ethernet Communication technology is the backbone of Substation Automation. Reliability of the communication connection is crucial. Therefore, known redundancy of Main A/B protection is not good enough in many cases, redundancy of the communication has to be provided. Common Ethernet Media Redundancy systems have a so-called reconfiguration time where the network is busy by itself in terms of re-establishing the system. During this time, no user data communication can take place. This time can be short and reaches from 50ms to seconds in very large, meshed systems. IEC 62439-3 offers Ethernet redundancy without reconfiguration time. This will enhance reliability of substation communication and enable new applications.
Confocal Microscopic Detection of Human Immunodeficiency Virus RNA-Producing Cells (1990)

A central anomaly in the pathogenesis of AIDS is that few actively infected CD4+ cells (1 in 10(4)-10(5) have been detected in the peripheral blood, even though dramatic depletion (often greater than 90%) of CD4+ cells is the hallmark of disease progression. A sensitive, 35S-based human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNA in situ hybridization technique was coupled with a new detection method, confocal laser scanning microscopy, to examine transcriptionally active HIV-infected cells from individuals at different disease stages. In 35 symptomatic HIV-infected individuals (AIDS and AIDS related complex), an average of 1 in 350 mononuclear cells produced HIV RNA. In contrast, in an asymptomatic group of 30 individuals, an average of 1 in 2000 mononuclear cells produced HIV RNA. These data, obtained using this improved detection method, suggest there are more HIV RNA-producing cells in HIV-infected individuals than previously reported. In addition, increased numbers of HIV transcribing cells were found to correlate with declining clinical condition as assessed by Karnofsky performance score. These data suggest that viremia per se may account for the pathologic consequences in HIV infection.
Response to paclitaxel and carboplatin in metastatic salivary gland cancer: A case report (2002)

The use of carboplatin and paclitaxel in the setting of metastatic salivary gland cancer is a viable option.
Renalase Protects against Ischemic AKI (2013)

Elevated levels of plasma catecholamines accompany ischemic AKI, possibly contributing the inflammatory response. Renalase, an amine oxidase secreted by the proximal tubule, degrades circulating catecholamines and reduces myocardial necrosis, suggesting that it may protect against renal ischemia reperfusion injury. Here, mice subjected to renal ischemia reperfusion injury had significantly lower levels of renalase in the plasma and kidney compared with sham-operated mice. Consistent with this, plasma NE levels increased significantly after renal ischemia reperfusion injury. Furthermore, renal tubular inflammation, necrosis, and apoptosis were more severe and plasma catecholamine levels were higher in renalase-deficient mice subjected to renal ischemia reperfusion compared with wild-type mice. Administration of recombinant human renalase reduced plasma catecholamine levels and ameliorated ischemic AKI in wild-type mice. Taken together, these data suggest that renalase protects against ischemic AKI by reducing renal tubular necrosis, apoptosis, and inflammation, and that plasma renalase might be a biomarker for AKI. Recombinant renalase therapy may have potential for the prevention and treatment of AKI.
Inhibition of Barnyardgrass 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate Dioxygenase by Sulcotrione (1994)

4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.27) was partially purified from barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli L.) leaves and assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of product formation or by the capture of released 14CO2. The bleaching herbicide sulcotrione [2-(2-chloro-4-methanesulfonylbenzoyl)-1,3-cyclohexanedione] was shown to be a potent, linear competitive inhibitor of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase. Kinetic analyses determined that the Km for the substrate, 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate, was 4.3 [mu]M, and the Ki value was 9.8 nM for sulcotrione.
Microbiome and metabolic disease: revisiting the bacterial phylum Bacteroidetes (2016)

Bacterial species composition in the gut has emerged as an important factor in obesity and its related metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes. Out of thousands of bacterial species-level phylotypes inhabiting the human gut, the majority belong to two dominant phyla, the Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. Members of the Bacteroidetes in particular have been associated with human metabolic diseases. However, their associations with disease are not always consistent between studies. Delving deeper into the diversity within the Bacteroidetes reveals a vast diversity in genomes and capacities, which partly explain how not all members respond equally to similar environmental conditions in their hosts. Here, we discuss the Bacteroidetes phylum, associations of its members with metabolic phenotypes, and efforts to characterize functionally their interactions with their hosts. Harnessing the Bacteroidetes to promote metabolic health will require a nuanced understanding of how specific strains interact with their microbial neighbors and their hosts under various conditions.
Optimal power allocation and code selection in iterative detection of random CDMA (2004)

Iterative joint detection of random CDMA is considered. It is shown that optimal power levels and optimal code can be found that achieve the capacity of this channel. Even few power levels can significantly improve the achievable capacity. Furthermore, it is shown that very low rate codes are optimal, but that practical codes, again, can achieve a large portion of the channel capacity.
Efficient Systemic Expression of Bioactive IL-15 in Mice upon Delivery of Optimized DNA Expression Plasmids (2007)

Efficient expression vectors for interleukin 15 (IL-15) were developed combining RNA/codon optimization and modification of the IL-15 native long signal peptide. These changes resulted in elevated cytoplasmic levels of the optimized mRNA and more than 100-fold improved production of secreted human IL-15 protein. Similar modifications have also led to greatly increased rhesus macaque and murine IL-15 production. Comparison of different heterologous secretory signals showed that the tissue plasminogen activator signal is most efficient for the production of extracellular IL-15. Upon intramuscular injection of the fully optimized expression vectors in mice, IL-15 was readily detected in the serum. Serum levels represented <1% of intramuscular IL-15 and were sufficient in causing some systemic effects, such as increasing the frequency of natural killer (NK) cells in the liver. Upon hydrodynamic DNA delivery in mice, very high levels of IL-15 were produced, which increased the frequency of NK cells in liver as well as in spleen and lung. These optimized expression vectors have potential applications in vaccine and immunotherapy approaches against AIDS and cancer.
Synthesis of a .BETA.-Tetrapeptide Analog as a Mother Compound for the Development of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2-Imaging Agents (2008)

Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) is an attractive target for the diagnosis of cancer and atherosclerosis in nuclear imaging. A cyclic decapeptide, cCTTHWGFTLC (cCTT), has been used as the mother compound for the development of MMP-2-imaging agents with high potency and selectivity. Most of radiolabeled derivatives of cCTT currently developed for in vivo studies of MMP-2, however, suffer from low accumulation in the target tissues, such as tumors. For enhanced in vivo stability and tissue penetration, we designed a linear beta-tetrapeptide analog, H-beta 3-Phe-beta-Ala-beta 3-Trp-beta 3-His-OH (1), to mimic cCTT. The component beta-amino acids were prepared by reduction of N-protected alpha-amino acid methyl esters to the alcohols, followed by conversion into the cyanides, and subsequent hydrolysis. Compound 1 was obtained from these beta-amino acids by the conventional solution method. In MMP-2 inhibition assay, compound 1 displayed desirably significant inhibition, which was comparable to cCTT. These findings suggest that compound 1 may serve as a mother compound in the design and development of in vivo MMP-2-imaging agents.
Architectural Pattern of Progressive Web and Background Synchronization (2018)

Progressive Web Applications emerged as a better alternative to traditional mobile application development. Possessing the best of both native applications and web applications, PWA also offers advantages like offline loading of the application as well as services like push notifications and background synchronization to enhance user engagement. The paper provides an overview of using Progressive Web Apps as modern application development cycle. We have discussed in detail in the paper how progressiveness in a web application offers advantage over native application. The paper also discusses about the architectural pattern followed to develop progressive web apps to improve loading time of the app. API provided by the service workers have also been discussed in detail including push notifications and background synchronization to provide native app like experience. A case study has been carried out to depict the working of various progressive features.