gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An interactive menu-driven remote control unit for TV-receivers and VC-recorders (1988)

The use of a menu-driven control for selection and adjustment in TV receivers and video recorders is proposed. The experimental interactive infrared remote control unit described uses a single-button arrangement. The design of the unit, the appearance of the menu, and the hierarchy of possible functions are shown. A simple illustration of how to use this control is given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The Chondroitin Sulfate Attachment Site of Appican Is Formed by Splicing Out Exon 15 of the Amyloid Precursor Gene (1995)

Appicans are secreted and cell-associated chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans containing Alzheimer amyloid precursor (APP) as their core protein. Appicans are found in brain tissue, and in cell cultures their expression depends on both cell type and growth conditions. Here we report that the core protein of appicans derives from an APP mRNA lacking exon 15. Splicing out of this exon creates a new consensus sequence for the attachment of a chondroitin sulfate chain in the resulting APP product. Transfection of C6 glioma or 293 kidney fibroblast cells with APP cDNAs containing exon 15 produced no appican, while transfection with an APP cDNA lacking this exon induced high levels of appican production. Polymerase chain reactions indicated that appican-producing cells contained an APP mRNA species without exon 15, whereas cells without this mRNA produced no appican. Site-directed mutagenesis combined with immunoreactivity experiments showed that the chondroitin sulfate chain is attached to a serine residue 16 amino acids upstream of the amino terminus of the Aβ sequence of APP. The attachment of a glycosaminoglycan chain close to the Aβ sequence of APP may affect the proteolytic processing of APP and production of Aβ. The proteoglycan nature of APP suggests that addition of the chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycan is important for the implementation of the biological function of these proteins. Appicans are secreted and cell-associated chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans containing Alzheimer amyloid precursor (APP) as their core protein. Appicans are found in brain tissue, and in cell cultures their expression depends on both cell type and growth conditions. Here we report that the core protein of appicans derives from an APP mRNA lacking exon 15. Splicing out of this exon creates a new consensus sequence for the attachment of a chondroitin sulfate chain in the resulting APP product. Transfection of C6 glioma or 293 kidney fibroblast cells with APP cDNAs containing exon 15 produced no appican, while transfection with an APP cDNA lacking this exon induced high levels of appican production. Polymerase chain reactions indicated that appican-producing cells contained an APP mRNA species without exon 15, whereas cells without this mRNA produced no appican. Site-directed mutagenesis combined with immunoreactivity experiments showed that the chondroitin sulfate chain is attached to a serine residue 16 amino acids upstream of the amino terminus of the Aβ sequence of APP. The attachment of a glycosaminoglycan chain close to the Aβ sequence of APP may affect the proteolytic processing of APP and production of Aβ. The proteoglycan nature of APP suggests that addition of the chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycan is important for the implementation of the biological function of these proteins.
Sit4 Phosphatase Is Functionally Linked to the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System (2003)

Abstract Using a synthetic lethality screen we found that the Sit4 phosphatase is functionally linked to the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Yeast cells harboring sit4 mutations and an impaired proteasome (due to pre1-1 pre4-1 mutations) exhibited defective growth on minimal medium. Nearly identical synthetic effects were found when sit4 mutations were combined with defects of the Rad6/Ubc2- and Cdc34/Ubc3-dependent ubiquitination pathways. Under synthetic lethal conditions, sit4 pre or sit4 ubc mutants formed strongly enlarged unbudded cells with a DNA content of 1N, indicating a defect in the maintenance of cell integrity during starvation-induced G1 arrest. Sit4-related synthetic effects could be cured by high osmotic pressure or by the addition of certain amino acids to the growth medium. These results suggest a concerted function of the Sit4 phosphatase and the ubiquitin-proteasome system in osmoregulation and in the sensing of nutrients. Further analysis showed that Sit4 is not a target of proteasome-dependent protein degradation. We could also show that Sit4 does not contribute to regulation of proteasome activity. These data suggest that both Sit4 phosphatase and the proteasome act on a common target protein.
Solution-Processed Metal Chalcogenide Films for p-Type Transistors (2006)

Thin films of the semiconductor copper indium diselenide (CuInSe2) have been prepared at low temperature from a soluble precursor and incorporated into the first p-type thin-film transistors (TFTs) with spin-cast all-inorganic channels.
Thermal Transport across Ion-Cut Monocrystalline β-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Thin Films and Bonded β-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–SiC Interfaces (2020)

The ultrawide band gap, high breakdown electric field, and large-area affordable substrates make β-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> promising for applications of next-generation power electronics, while its thermal conductivity is at least 1 order of magnitude lower than other wide/ultrawide band gap semiconductors. To avoid the degradation of device performance and reliability induced by the localized Joule-heating, proper thermal management strategies are essential, especially for high-power high-frequency applications. This work reports a scalable thermal management strategy to heterogeneously integrate wafer-scale monocrystalline β-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> thin films on high thermal conductivity SiC substrates by the ion-cutting technique and room-temperature surface-activated bonding technique. The thermal boundary conductance (TBC) of the β-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-SiC interfaces and thermal conductivity of the β-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> thin films were measured by time-domain thermoreflectance to evaluate the effects of interlayer thickness and thermal annealing. Materials characterizations were performed to understand the mechanisms of thermal transport in these structures. The results show that the β-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-SiC TBC values are reasonably high and increase with decreasing interlayer thickness. The β-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> thermal conductivity increases more than twice after annealing at 800 °C because of the removal of implantation-induced strain in the films. A Callaway model is built to understand the measured thermal conductivity. Small spot-to-spot variations of both TBC and Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> thermal conductivity confirm the uniformity and high quality of the bonding and exfoliation. Our work paves the way for thermal management of power electronics and provides a platform for β-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-related semiconductor devices with excellent thermal dissipation.
A rhodopsin pigment containing a spin-labeled retinal (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA rhodopsin pigment containing a spin-labeled retinalGeoffrey E. Renk, Yat Sun Or, and Rosalie K. CrouchCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 20, 6163–6168Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00254a041https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00254a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views219Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Association of homozygous 7048G7049 variant in the intron six of <i>Nurr1</i> gene with Parkinson’s disease (2002)

The homozygote polymorphism of 7048G7049 in intron 6 of the Nurr1 gene is associated with typical PD.
Finite-difference resistivity modeling for arbitrarily shaped two-dimensional structures (1976)

Abstract Resistivity surveying is commonly done by using a point-source dipole. Consequently, a finite-difference evaluation of apparent resistivity curves implies the use of three-dimensional simulation models which necessitate prohibitive computer costs. However, if we assume variation of resistivity only in two dimensions and use a line-source dipole for setting up the finite-difference model of a given structure, the potential field can be evaluated easily.A discrete version of the resistivity problem in two dimensions, which takes into account nonuniform grid spacing, is presented as a system of self-adjoint difference equations. Since the iterative solution of such a system does not require grid spacing to be less than a certain critical value, it was successfully used for the development of fast-convergence finite-difference models. By examining in detail the characteristics of the matrix associated with the evaluation of the potential field, it is demonstrated that the proposed modeling procedure will remain stable for all conceivable geometries and resistivity distributions. It was used for the investigation of certain models for which the corresponding results could also be computed analytically. A direct superposition of results obtained in the two cases shows that they are virtually identical. By making use of the reciprocity theorem, a computational short-cut, which provides the evaluation of vertical sounding curves for a line-source dipole in a single step, is put forward.Special problems related to the optimization of acceleration parameters as well as the estimation of the potential function along the subsurface boundaries of the model are discussed. It is concluded that by surrounding the model by a termination strip of very large effective width, either Neumann- or Dirichlet-type boundary conditions can be used for simulating a semiinfinite medium without introducing significant errors in the results.
Investigation of the Relationship between Organic Porosity and Thermal Maturity in the Marcellus Shale (2011)

Abstract Thermal maturity is important in determining whether shales containing organic material have produced hydrocarbons and whether those hydrocarbons are oil or gas. One method used to determine the thermal maturity of shales is vitrinite reflectance. Recently nanoscale pores have been observed in the organic material of different gas shales by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These pores vary in size, number, and density. One possible explanation to the origin and diversity of these pores is that they are formed during the generation of hydrocarbons and thus would be affected by the thermal maturity of the shale. Using focused ion beam milling (FIB) and SEM imaging, the organic porosity of Marcellus shale samples with vitrinite reflectances of Ro=1.1+ and Ro &amp;gt;&amp;gt;3.1 have been compared. The pores within the organic material have been investigated in relation to thermal maturity. Understanding the relationship between the porosity of the organic material and thermal maturity has implications for many gas shale parameters including the density of the organic material, and therefore total organic carbon (TOC), free and adsorbed gas in place (GIP), the wettability of the shale, and transport properties.
Interleukin-2 gene has superior antinociceptive effects when delivered intrathecally (2002)

The antinociceptive effect of interleukin-2 gene on rat carrageenan-induced pain was explored using different delivery methods. Intrathecal (i.t.) or plantar s.c. delivery of plasmid harbouring the interleukin-2 gene produced a marked antinociceptive effect, which was maintained up to 6 days; the administration of recombinant human interleukin-2 only had a transitory effect. The antinociceptive effect lasted longer and was more potent when the interleukin-2 gene was administered i.t. than when delivered s.c. The effect of the interleukin-2 gene was related to its protein expression, was dose dependent, and could be potentiated by liposome. The results suggest that the interleukin-2 gene has a good prospect for clinical use.
Experiences with and perspectives of the system for wide area monitoring of power systems (2003)

With the emphasis on higher utilization of power systems, monitoring of its dynamics is becoming increasingly important. This requires information with higher accuracy and update rates faster than those usually provided by traditional SCADA systems. In addition, it must be synchronized over a wider geographical area than that provided by traditional protection systems. The introduction of phasor measurement units as well as advances in communication and computational equipment have made it technically feasible to monitor the stability of the power system on-line, using a wide area perspective. This paper outlines the specialized applications to monitor and control voltage as well as frequency stability of power systems and describes their state-of-the-art platform, the wide-area measurement system, which is now commercially available.
P/sup 2/ codes: pragmatic trellis codes utilizing punctured convolutional codes (1995)

A single convolutional code of fixed rate can be punctured to form a class of higher rate convolutional codes. The authors extend this pragmatic approach to the case where the core of the trellis decoder is a Viterbi decoder for a punctured version of the de facto standard, rate 1/2 convolutional code.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Overlearning and the feeling of knowing. (1982)

Previous research on the feeling of knowing for nonrecalled items has focused on the validity of the feeling of knowing as a predictor for subsequent performance but generally has overlooked the question of what factors the feeling of knowing might be based upon. We explored the hypothesis that one factor underlying the feeling of knowing is the degree of prior learning for the sought-after item. Undergraduates learned a list in which various items were acquired to a criterion of either one correct recall, two correct recalls, or four correct recalls. Four weeks later, the subjects had a recall-retention test, then rank ordered the nonrecalled items in terms of the relative feeling of knowing for each of the nonrecalled items, and finally had a recognition test on the nonrecalled items. A major finding (in addition to those summarized at the end of the article) was that the magnitude of the feeling of knowing for nonrecalled items increased with the degree of prior learning.
Microencapsulated Hepatocytes for Bioartificial Liver Support (1988)

Free hepatocytes, harvested from normal rat livers by portal vein collagenase perfusion, were encapsulated within alginate-polylysine membranes and served as a liver support system. The encapsulated hepatocytes remained viable and were able to synthesize protein for up to 3 weeks in culture. Allografts of encapsulated hepatocytes replaced the function of a damaged liver and reduced the mortality rate among rats with galactosamine-induced fulminant hepatic failure.
Activation of Src-like p56/p53lyn tyrosine kinase by ionizing radiation. (1994)

Mammalian cells respond to ionizing radiation (IR) with cell cycle arrest, activation of DNA repair, and induction of early response genes. The present work has examined the involvement of Src-like protein-tyrosine kinases in the response of irradiated HL-60 myeloid leukemia cells. The results demonstrate little if any effect of IR on p59fyn, p56lck, and pp60c-src activity. In contrast, HL-60 cells responded to x-ray exposure with activation of p56/p53lyn. At a dose of 200 centigrays, induction of p56/p53lyn activity was detectable at 15 min. Doses as low as 50 centigrays were effective in activating p56/p53lyn. H2O2 and the scavenger N-acetylcysteine had no detectable effect on p56/p53lyn activation, while the protein-tyrosine kinase inhibitors, herbimycin and genistein, blocked induction by IR. The results also demonstrate that incubation of a glutathione S-transferase-Lyn fusion protein with lysates of irradiated HL-60 cells is associated with binding of the cell cycle regulatory protein, p34cdc2. The interaction of p56/p53lyn and p34cdc was confirmed in similar experiments with a glutathione S-transferase-Cdc2 fusion protein. Moreover, coimmunoprecipitation studies demonstrate the selective binding of activated p56/p53lyn to p34cdc2 in irradiated cells. These findings indicate that IR activates p56/p53lyn in HL-60 cells and that this tyrosine kinase may contribute to the regulation of p34cdc2.
Rhodocytin (Aggretin) Activates Platelets Lacking α2β1 Integrin, Glycoprotein VI, and the Ligand-binding Domain of Glycoprotein Ibα (2001)

Although alpha(2)beta(1) integrin (glycoprotein Ia/IIa) has been established as a platelet collagen receptor, its role in collagen-induced platelet activation has been controversial. Recently, it has been demonstrated that rhodocytin (also termed aggretin), a snake venom toxin purified from the venom of Calloselasma rhodostoma, induces platelet activation that can be blocked by monoclonal antibodies against alpha(2)beta(1) integrin. This finding suggested that clustering of alpha(2)beta(1) integrin by rhodocytin is sufficient to induce platelet activation and led to the hypothesis that collagen may activate platelets by a similar mechanism. In contrast to these findings, we provided evidence that rhodocytin does not bind to alpha(2)beta(1) integrin. Here we show that the Cre/loxP-mediated loss of beta(1) integrin on mouse platelets has no effect on rhodocytin-induced platelet activation, excluding an essential role of alpha(2)beta(1) integrin in this process. Furthermore, proteolytic cleavage of the 45-kDa N-terminal domain of glycoprotein (GP) Ibalpha either on normal or on beta(1)-null platelets had no significant effect on rhodocytin-induced platelet activation. Moreover, mouse platelets lacking both alpha(2)beta(1) integrin and the activating collagen receptor GPVI responded normally to rhodocytin. Finally, even after additional proteolytic removal of the 45-kDa N-terminal domain of GPIbalpha rhodocytin induced aggregation of these platelets. These results demonstrate that rhodocytin induces platelet activation by mechanisms that are fundamentally different from those induced by collagen.
Surface-aligned photochemistry: Aiming reactive oxygen atoms along a single crystal surface (2000)

Surface-aligned photo-oxidation of CO with O2 was demonstrated on two stepped surfaces, Pt(335) and Pt(779). UV light photolysis of O2, localized exclusively on step sites, generates reactive oxygen atoms which oxidize preferentially the step-site CO. This effect was observed by monitoring labeled-CO consumption from step and terrace sites by reflection–absorption infrared spectroscopy, and also by monitoring labeled-CO2 desorbed in the gas phase from step and terrace sites by mass spectrometry. Photo-oxidation of step-CO was found to be about 2 times more efficient than photo-oxidation of terrace-CO, irrespective of the surface step density. This effect was attributed to the initial alignment of the O2 intramolecular axis on stepped Pt surfaces, parallel to the step edge.
Latchup model for the parasitic p-n-p-n path in bulk CMOS (1984)

The inherent parasitic bipolar transistors and p-n-p-n paths in monolithic CMOS circuits can be undesirably triggered into the low resistance and high current state, i.e., latchup. To ensure the safe operation for the future scaled CMOS circuits, an accurate latchup model is required for design optimization. A modified lumped resistance model has been developed which is shown to accurately predict the latchup characteristics provided the device parameters are accurately measured and reflect those at the latchup state. The model includes the spreading resistance effect in the substrate by a resistor network and it is shown to be critical in the latch-up characterization. Experimental data that supports this model is presented. The reversed layouts in CMOS circuits have been shown to greatly improve the latchup holding current. The dynamic characterization of latchup, caused by voltage overshoot at the input terminals, has also been characterized. It is shown that a minimum turn-on time for the latchup triggering exists and is governed by the base transit time in the lateral transistor with an enhanced diffusion coefficient from the high injection effect.
Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of ormaplatin (tetraplatin, NSC 363812) administered on a day 1 and day 8 schedule. (1994)

Ormaplatin (tetraplatin, NSC 363812) is a platinum(IV) analogue that is active against cisplatin-resistant cell lines in preclinical models. A schedule previously shown to be active and well tolerated for cisplatin was evaluated in 26 patients. Ormaplatin was administered over a dose range of 4.4-60.8 mg/m2 i.v. given over 30 min on a day 1 and day 8 schedule every 28 days. Twenty-three patients had received prior chemotherapy, and the median performance status was 1. Nausea/vomiting (> or = grade 2) occurred in 40% of patients but was well controlled with standard antiemetic therapy. One patient had grade 2 renal toxicity and 1 patient had grade 3 hepatotoxicity (grade 2 pretreatment). No toxicity limited the dose given during the first course. With repeated drug administration delayed severe neurotoxicity developed in 4 patients, manifested as a sensory polyneuropathy in 3 patients and a possible autonomic neuropathy in one. Prospective nerve conduction studies did not detect subclinical neuropathy prior to the onset of symptoms. Patients who received cumulative doses above 200 mg/m2 were at increased risk for developing neurotoxicity. Plasma elimination of ultrafilterable platinum (measured by atomic absorption spectrometry) was biphasic with a harmonic mean terminal half-life of 15.8 h. The mean total body clearance and renal clearance of ultrafilterable platinum were 173 and 29.8 ml/min/m2, respectively. Thus, renal clearance accounted for 16% of total clearance suggesting that extensive protein/tissue binding was responsible for the majority of platinum clearance. Approximately 60% of the platinum is protein bound (one-half irreversibly) at the end of the infusion. Pharmacokinetic parameters were not dose dependent. No pharmacokinetic parameters were more predictive of neurotoxicity than the cumulative ormaplatin dose. A phase II dose cannot be recommended on this schedule because severe and unpredictable neurotoxicity precludes the administration of more than three cycles at the three highest doses levels tested.