gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant supplementation overcomes the deleterious effects of maternal restraint stress-induced oxidative stress on mouse oocytes (2013)

In this study, using a mouse model, we tested the hypothesis that restraint stress would impair the developmental potential of oocytes by causing oxidative stress and that antioxidant supplementation could overcome the adverse effect of stress-induced oxidative stress. Female mice were subjected to restraint stress for 24 h starting 24 h after equine chorionic gonadotropin injection. At the end of stress exposure, mice were either killed to recover oocytes for in vitro maturation (IVM) or injected with human chorionic gonadotropin and caged with male mice to observe in vivo development. The effect of antioxidants was tested in vitro by adding them to IVM medium or in vivo by maternal injection immediately before restraint stress exposure. Assays carried out to determine total oxidant and antioxidant status, oxidative stress index, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione levels indicated that restraint stress increased oxidative stress in mouse serum, ovaries, and oocytes. Whereas the percentage of blastocysts and number of cells per blastocyst decreased significantly in oocytes from restraint-stressed mice, addition of antioxidants to IVM medium significantly improved their blastocyst development. Supplementation of cystine and cysteamine to IVM medium reduced ROS levels and aneuploidy while increasing glutathione synthesis and improving pre- and postimplantation development of oocytes from restraint-stressed mice. Furthermore, injection of the antioxidant epigallocatechin gallate into restraint-stressed mice significantly improved the blastocyst formation and postimplantation development of their oocytes. In conclusion, restraint stress at the oocyte prematuration stage impaired the developmental potential of oocytes by increasing oxidative stress and addition of antioxidants to IVM medium or maternal antioxidant injection overcame the detrimental effect of stress-induced oxidative stress. The data reported herein are helpful when making attempts to increase the chances of a successful outcome in human IVF, because restraint was applied at a stage similar to the FSH stimulation period in a human IVF program.
It's the metabolism, stupid! Why electrophysiologists should be interested in biomarkers of heart failure (2007)

AIMS: The Cardiac Resynchronization-Heart Failure (CARE-HF) study demonstrated that cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) could reduce morbidity and mortality and improve cardiac function in patients with moderate or severe heart failure secondary to left ventricular systolic dysfunction and markers of cardiac dyssynchrony. The purpose of this analysis was to investigate the effect of CRT on plasma concentrations of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-BNP), a powerful marker of cardiac dysfunction and prognosis. METHODS AND RESULTS: Blood samples were collected routinely at baseline and 3 and 18 months. Plasma was separated by cool centrifugation and stored at -70 degrees C until transported to a central laboratory for analysis of NT-pro-BNP using a standard commercial assay. Cardiac function was assessed echocardiographically. At baseline, median plasma concentration of NT-pro-BNP was similar in patients assigned to CRT or medical therapy [1920 pg/mL (inter-quartile range (IQR) 744-4288) and 1809 pg/mL (IQR 719-3949), respectively]. The differences in medians between the CRT and medical therapy groups were highly significant at both 3 months (537 pg/mL; P &lt; 0.0001) and 18 months of follow-up (567 pg/mL; P &lt; 0.0001). These differences could not be accounted for by changes in pharmacological therapy or renal function but were associated with improvement in ventricular volumes and function. CONCLUSION: CRT exerts an early and sustained reduction in NT-pro-BNP. This appears to reflect improvements in ventricular function. NT-pro-BNP may be a simple method for monitoring the effects of CRT.
Studies of EN-1639A (Naltrexone): A New Narcotic Antagonist (1974)

The narcotic antagonist EN-1639A (naltrexone) was studied in 37 heroin addicts and found to be clinically useful, with a low incidence of side effects, lack of toxicity, high degree of acceptability to the patient, and capacity to antagonize the euphoric effects of heroin for up to 72 hours after a single oral dose. These findings provide a basis for expanding studies of the clinical efficacy of naltrexone in the treatment of opiate dependence.
Multiphoton excitation spectra in biological samples (2003)

Multiphoton microscopy is becoming a popular mode of live and fixed cell imaging. This mode of imaging offers several advantages due to the fact that fluorochrome excitation is a nonlinear event resulting in excitation only at the plane of focus. Multiphoton excitation is enhanced by the use of ultrafast lasers emitting in the near IR, offering better depth penetration coupled with efficient excitation. Because these lasers, such as titanium:sapphire lasers, offer tunable output it is possible to use them to collect multiphoton excitation spectra. We use the software-tunable Coherent Chameleon laser coupled to the Zeiss LSM 510 META NLO to acquire x-y images of biological samples at multiple excitation wavelengths, creating excitation lambda stacks. The mean intensity of pixels within the image plotted versus excitation wavelength reveals the excitation spectra. Excitation lambda stacks can be separated into individual images corresponding to the signal from different dyes using linear unmixing algorithms in much the same way that emission fingerprinting can be used to generate crosstalk free channels from emission lambda stacks using the META detector. We show how this technique can be used to eliminate autofluorescence and to produce crosstalk-free images of dyes with very close overlap in their emission spectra that cannot be separated using emission fingerprinting. Moreover, excitation finger- printing can be performed using nondescanned detectors (NDDs), offering more flexibility for eliminating autofluorescence or crosstalk between fluorochromes when imaging deep within the sample. Thus, excitation fingerprinting complements and extends the functions offered by the META detector and emission fingerprinting. We correct biases in the laser and microscope transmission to acquire realistic multiphoton excitation spectra for fluorochromes within cells using the microscope, which enables the optimization of the excitation wavelength for single and multilabel experiments and provides a means for studying the influence of the biological environment on nonlinear excitation.
One‐Year Prospective Three‐Center Study Comparing the Outcome of a “Soft Bone Implant” (Prototype Mk IV) and the Standard Brånemark Implant (2003)

The modified implant design resulted in an increased primary stability, which may be important when placing implants in jaw regions of type 4 bone. However, independent of the achieved primary stability, successful implants tended to approach similar secondary stability in the two designs tested.
Redox regulation of a src family protein tyrosine kinase p56lck in T cells. (1993)

Protein tyrosine phosphorylation was examined after T cells were exposed to oxidative stress in vitro to investigate the possible involvement of redox regulation in T-cell signaling. Oxidative reagents such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and diamide, which oxidize the free sulfhydryl groups in the cells, markedly induced tyrosine phosphorylation of multiple cellular proteins, especially a 55-kDa protein, of cultured peripheral blood T lymphocytes (PBL blasts). The 55-kDa molecule phosphorylated by diamide turned out to be a src family protein tyrosine kinase, p56lck. The immune complex kinase assay showed that the kinase activity of p56lck of diamide-treated PBL blasts was enhanced. The tryptic peptide mapping of p56lck demonstrated that diamide induced the phosphorylation both at Tyr-394 (autophosphorylation site) and at Tyr-505 (negative regulatory site). Taken together, the tyrosine phosphorylation and presumably kinase activity of p56lck were swiftly enhanced by oxidative stress, indicating that T cells have a redox-sensitive signaling mechanism, which is partly mediated by the lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase p56lck.
Interface Properties Improvement of Ge/Al2O3 and Ge/GeO2/Al2O3 Gate Stacks using Molecular Beam Deposition (2008)

Physical and electrical properties of Ge/Al2O3/Pt and Ge/GeO2/Al2O3/Pt gate stacks using molecular beam deposition were proposed in this work. In spite of a straight deposition of Al2O3 on Ge substrate, XPS and TEM analysis revealed the formation of a thin interfacial layer coming from the intermixing between Ge sub-oxides and the high-ĸ dielectric. Electrical measurements showed a high density of interface states (3x1012eV-1.cm-2) mainly due to the presence of this interlayer. Performing a FGA in 10% H2/90% N2 on such structures leads to a significant reduction of DIT and leakage current density. Moreover, growing an in-situ GeO2 layer on Ge before high-ĸ deposition allowed us to reduce the interface states and to reach a very low DIT-value of 1~2x1011eV-1.cm-2 for Ge/GeO2/Al2O3 gate stacks after FGA, providing the efficient passivation of Ge/GeO2 interface. It has also been demonstrated that Al2O3 was a good capping layer, preventing from Ge/GeO2 interfacial degradation under high temperature treatment.
Homogeneous Catalysis. IV. Some Reactions of Silicon Hydrides in the Presence of Cobalt Carbonyls (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHomogeneous Catalysis. IV. Some Reactions of Silicon Hydrides in the Presence of Cobalt CarbonylsA. J. Chalk and J. F. HarrodCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 7, 1640–1647Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00983a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00983a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views956Altmetric-Citations163LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Regulation of Hepatic Gane Expression and Development (1992)

Tissue-specific expression in the hepatocyte appears to require the actions of multiple factors in specific combinations for each gene. The interactions between two or more positive-acting factors that raise transcription to optimal levels and those between positive and negative factors that enforce strict cell-specific transcription remain to be elucidated. However, recent progress in the identification and cloning of the genes for many of these factors will make it possible to begin to answer these important questions.
Alkylidene transfer from phosphoranes to tungsten(IV) imido complexes (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAlkylidene transfer from phosphoranes to tungsten(IV) imido complexesLynda K. Johnson, Marcus Frey, Tammara A. Ulibarri, Scott C. Virgil, Robert H. Grubbs, and Joseph W. ZillerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 18, 8167–8177Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00071a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00071a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views528Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (4)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Cimetidine inhibits cancer cell adhesion to endothelial cells and prevents metastasis by blocking E-selectin expression. (2000)

Although the beneficial effect of cimetidine on survival in cancer has been clinically demonstrated in colorectal cancer patients, the mode of action of cimetidine has not been elucidated. In this report, we have demonstrated for the first time that cimetidine can block the adhesion of a colorectal tumor cell line to the endothelial cell monolayer in cell culture and that it can suppress the metastasis of the tumor cell in a nude mouse model. We also demonstrated that these antimetastasis effects of cimetidine might occur through down-regulation of the cell surface expression of E-selectin on endothelial cells, a ligand for sialyl Lewis antigens on tumor cells. We found that the cimetidine-mediated down-regulation of E-selectin did not involve down-regulation of E-selectin mRNA or blocking of the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappaB, a transcriptional activator of E-selectin gene expression. Because two other histamine type 2 receptor antagonists, famotidine and ranitidine, did not show any similar effect, these actions of cimetidine probably do not occur via blocking of the histamine receptor. These observations support the idea that cancer metastasis can be blocked by cimetidine administration through blocking the adhesion of tumor cells to the endothelium when an interaction between E-selectin and sialyl-Lewis antigens plays a role.
Is Elevated Norepinephrine an Etiological Factor in Some Cases of Alzheimers Disease? (2010)

Loss of norepinephrine (NE) releasing neurons, in the locus coeruleus of the brainstem, is well documented to occur in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, this process does not necessarily result in decreased release of NE, since compensatory mechanisms may produce increased release of this neurotransmitter. Independent of potential loss of locus coeruleus cells, brain NE levels may be elevated in some persons with AD, both before and during disease progression. Here I examine evidence that elevated, endogenous brain NE is an etiological factor in some cases of AD, and not merely an epiphenomenon of the disease. To explore this etiological hypothesis in AD, I examine the following eight lines of evidence: 1) direct evidence of elevated NE or its metabolites in AD; 2) studies of tricyclic antidepressants, which may principally boost NE; 3) studies of clonidine and other alpha2 adrenergic agonist drugs, which may principally lower the concentration of NE; 4) studies of beta adrenoceptor blocking drugs, including propranolol; 5) comorbidity of AD and bipolar disorder, where both disorders may involve elevated NE; 6) comorbidity of AD and hypertension; 7) comorbidity of AD and obesity; and 8) potential interaction between AD and psychological stress, where stressors are known to release NE. These lines of evidence tend to support the elevated NE etiological hypothesis.
The Macromolecular Route to Chiral Amplification (1999)

Cooperative phenomena, described by one-dimensional statistical physical methods, are observed between the enantiomeric characteristics of monomeric materials and the polymers they produce. The effect of minute energies associated with this amplified chirality, although currently not interpretable, can be easily measured. Nonlinear relationships between enantiomeric excess or enantiomeric content and polymer properties may offer the possibility of developing chiral catalysts and chiral chromatographic materials in which the burden of large enantiomeric excess or content may be considerably alleviated. New approaches to information and sensor technology may become possible.
Materials Design of the Codoping for the Fabrication of Low-Resistivity p-Type ZnSe and GaN by ab-initio Electronic Structure Calculation (1997)

We propose an effective doping method, the “codoping (doping with n- and p-type dopants at the same time) method”, for the fabrication of low-resistivity p-type ZnSe and GaN with wide-band-gap based upon ab-initio electronic band structure calculations. p-type doping eminently leads to an increase in the electrostatic energy, called the Madelung energy, which shifts the Se 4p levels for p-type doped ZnSe and the N 2p levels for p-type doped GaN materials towards higher energy regions. This leads to a destabilization of ionic charge distributions in p-type ZnSe and p-type GaN crystals, resulting in the self-compensation of anion intrinsic defects. For ZnSe crystals, we propose the codoping of n-type In donors at Zn sites and p-type N acceptors at Se sites based on the calculation. In addition, we propose the codoping of n-type Si-donors at Ga sites (n-type O donors at N sites) and p-type Be- or Mg acceptors at Ga sites. The codoping decreases the Madelung energy and leads to an increase in the net acceptor carrier density.
Myocardial protection by <i>N,N,N</i>-trimethylsphingosine in ischemia reperfusion injury is mediated by inhibition of P-selectin (1996)

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) play an important role in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury. We examined the cardioprotective effects of N,N,N-trimethylsphingosine (TMS) in a murine model of MI (20 min) and R (24 h) injury in vivo, focusing on leukocyte-endothelial interactions. TMS is a synthetic N-methylated sphingosine derivative that has protein kinase C inhibitory activity and has been shown to prevent leukocyte activation. TMS (18 microgram/kg), administered intravenously 1 min prior to reperfusion, significantly attenuated myocardial necrotic injury assessed by myocardial creatine kinase loss compared with MI/R rats receiving only vehicle (P<0.001). Cardiac myeloperoxidase activity, an index of PMN accumulation in the ischemic myocardium, was also significantly attenuated by TMS compared with rats receiving vehicle (P<0.001). We further examined whether TMS can attenuate leukocyte-endothelial interaction by intravital microscopy. TMS significantly attenuated NG-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester (L-NAME)-stimulated PMN rolling and adherence to the rat microvascular endothelium. This action of TMS appears to be mediated by reduction of P-selectin expression because immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that TMS significantly attenuated endothelial P-selectin expression in the L-NAME-superfused rat mesenteric microvasculature. Similarly, TMS markedly attenuated rapid P-selectin expression in rat platelets stimulated with either thrombin or L-NAME assessed by flow cytometry. In conclusion, TMS seems to be an effective cardioprotective agent by inhibiting early leukocyte-endothelial interaction, thus preventing leukocyte accumulation in the ischemic reperfused myocardium.
DC Breakdown experiments for CLIC (2008)

For the production of the Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) RF accelerating structures, a material capable of sustaining high electric field, with a low breakdown rate and showing low damages after breakdowns is needed. A DC breakdown study is underway at CERN in order to test candidate materials and surface preparations. The saturated breakdown fields of several metals and alloys have been measured, ranging from 100 MV/m for Al to 850 MV/m for stainless steel, being around 170 MV/m for Cu and 430 MV/m for Mo for example. The conditioning speed of Mo can be significantly improved by removing oxides at the surface with a vacuum heat treatment, typically at 875±C for 2 hours. DC breakdown rate measurements have been done with Cu and Mo electrodes, showing similar results as in RF experiments: the breakdown probability seems to exponentially increase with the applied field. Measurements of time delays before breakdown show two different populations of breakdowns, immediate and delayed breakdowns, indicating that two different mechanisms could exist. The repartition of these two populations depends on the electrodes material.
An optically connected parallel machine: Design, performance and application (1999)

A free-space optical 64×64 fibre-to-fibre crossbar switch with spatial light modulators as the crosspoint elements is described. The design and performance of the optical and electrical components is discussed, including lenses, diffraction gratings, polarising beam splitters, fibre mountings, baseplate construction, ferroelectric liquid-crystal spatial light modulators with their VLSl drive circuits and transceivers. A control system is proposed and a number of applications including avionics and computing are described. A demonstration model has been built and its performance is reported.
A Protein Pore with a Single Polymer Chain Tethered within the Lumen (2000)

A transmembrane protein pore with a single 5000 Da poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) molecule attached covalently within the channel lumen has been constructed from seven staphylococcal α-hemolysin subunits. The modified heptamer is stable and can be purified by electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate, without dissociation of the subunits. The properties of the modified pore were studied by single channel current recording. The PEG molecule reduces the mean conductance of the pore by 18%, as would be predicted from the effects of PEG on the conductivity of bulk electrolytes. The recordings also reveal a variety of low amplitude current fluctuations on a time scale of seconds, which are tentatively ascribed to the reorganization of the PEG molecule within the channel lumen and associated movements of the polypeptide chain. Another class of events, comprising uniform high-amplitude negative fluctuations in current with durations of milliseconds, is ascribed to motions of the PEG molecule into one of the channel entrances, thereby producing more extensive channel block. When instead a 3000 Da PEG is attached within the channel lumen, the single channel properties are changed in keeping with the lower mass of the polymer. For example, the high-amplitude fluctuations occur more frequently and are of shorter duration suggesting that the 3000 Da PEG is more mobile than the 5000 Da chain. With further development, the approach taken here should be useful for the indirect monitoring of polymer dynamics at the single molecule level. By using polymers that respond to analytes, it should also be possible to make biosensors from the covalently modified pores.