gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Developmental lineage of cell types in cortical dysplasia with balloon cells (2007)

Focal cortical dysplasia type IIB with Ballon cells is a developmental malformation of the cerebral cortex highly associated with epilepsy. As a strategy to define the embryonic origin and neurochemical phenotype of cells in this disease, we probed specimens (n = 10) resected during epilepsy surgery with a panel of 13 antibodies recognizing proteins associated with (i) specific progenitor cell types including brain lipid binding protein (BLBP), collapsin response mediator protein 4 (CRMP4), Dlx1, Dlx2, GFAPdelta, MASH1, Otx1, Pax6, vimentin and phosphorylated vimentin and (ii) excitatory or inhibitory neurochemical phenotypes such as the vesicular glutamate transporters-1 and 2 (VGLUT-1, VGLUT-2), or the vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT). Balloon cells and large dysplastic neurons in all specimens expressed Otx1, phospho-vimentin, Pax6 and BLBP, proteins normally expressed by cells in the embryonic ventricular zone. A subpopulation of balloon cells expressed MASH-1 also expressed in the ventricular zone. Most balloon cells and dysplastic neurons were VGLUT2 immunoreactive, whereas none expressed Dlx1 or Dlx2, markers for inhibitory cells derived from the medial ganglionic eminence and few expressed VGAT, found in GABAergic interneurons. Otx1 mRNA expression and Dlx1 mRNA absence was confirmed by single cell RT-PCR. A subpopulation of balloon cells was labelled with CRMP4 and GFAPdelta, markers specific for newly generated cells derived from the adult subventricular zone. Detection of Otx1, phospho-vimentin, Pax6 and BLBP expression but absence of Dlx1/Dlx2 expression suggests that balloon cells and dysplastic neurons derive from radial glial cells in the telencephalic ventricular zone and not the medial ganglionic eminence. VGLUT expression argues that dysplastic neurons may be glutamatergic. CRMP-4 and GFAPdelta expression suggests that new cells may arrive in focal cortical dysplasia, perhaps deriving in part from the subventricular zone. These findings provide a developmental lineage model in which balloon cells and dysplastic neurons are derived from radial glial progenitor cells.
Enhanced In Vivo Response to Silicate-Substituted Hydroxyapatite (2001)

This paper describes an investigation into the effect of silicate ion substitution in hydroxyapatite on the rate of bone healing in vivo. Slotted cylinders composed of stoichiometric hydroxyapatite and 1.2 wt% silicate substituted hydroxyapatite (S-HA) were implanted in the distal end of the femur of 6 month old New Zealand white rabbits for a period of 3 weeks. Tetracycline and alizarine red fluorochrome labels were administered 7 and 14 days post-operatively, respectively. After retrieval the implants were sectioned and examined using optical and fluorescence microscopy. Optical microscopy demonstrated that significant amounts of bone formation was only consistently found at the center of the machined slots of the silicate substituted implants. Moreover, fluorescence microscopy demonstrated that of the new bone laid down around and in contact with the implants, significant quantities of tetracycline labeled bone (i.e. bone laid down seven days after implantation) was only present in S-HA implants. These results indicate that the bioactivity of hydroxyapatite is significantly enhanced by the incorporation of silicate ions into its lattice
Evaluation of Seizure-like Episodes in Survivors of Moderate and Severe Traumatic Brain Injury (2004)

VEEG is a useful procedure in the evaluation of TBI survivors with spells. The yield of diagnoses that may alter treatment is substantial. Additionally, mesial temporal sclerosis is associated with TBI. Given the variety of seizure types found in survivors of moderate-to-severe TBI, obtaining specific diagnosis of seizure type by VEEG monitoring impacts treatment options.
Entanglement engineering of one-photon wave packets using a single-atom source (1998)

We propose a cavity-QED scheme for the controlled generation of sequences of entangled single-photon wave packets. A photon is created inside a cavity via an active medium, such as an atom, and decays into the continuum of radiation modes outside the cavity. Subsequent wave packets generated in this way behave as independent logical quantum bits (qubits). This and the possibility of producing maximally entangled multiqubit states suggest many applications in quantum communication.
Development of wireless-based low-cost current controlled stimulator for patients with spinal cord injuries (2012)

A spinal cord injury (SCI) has a severe impact on human life in general as well as on the physical status and condition. The use of electrical signals to restore the function of paralyzed muscles is called functional electrical stimulation (FES). FES is a promising way to restore mobility to SCI by applying low-level electrical current to the paralyzed muscles so as to enhance that person's ability to function and live independently. However, due to the limited number of commercially available FES assisted exerciser systems and their rather high cost, the conventional devices are unaffordable for most peoples. It also inconvenient because of wired based system that creates a limitation in performing exercise. Thus, this project is concerned with the development of low-cost current controlled stimulator mainly for the paraplegic subjects. The developed device should be based on a microcontroller, wireless based system using Zigbee module, voltage-to-current converter circuit and should produce proper monophasic and biphasic current pulses, pulse trains, arbitrary current waveforms, and a trigger output for FES applications. The performances of the device will be assessed through simulation study and validated through experimental work. This device will be developed as in the new technique of the stimulator development with low cost and one of the contributing factors in Rehabilitation Engineering for patients with SCI.
Defined Synthetic Vaccines (2001)

Although vaccines have proven very successful in preventing certain infectious diseases, progress in the field has been slowed by the tediousness of developing classical vaccines consisting of whole pathogens. Thus, there is great need for improvement in several areas: firstly, the range of diseases which can be treated has to be expanded. Secondly, antigens have to be defined to make the use of whole pathogens as antigen obsolete. And thirdly, new adjuvants have to be developed which show low toxicity, high potency and are also able to drive the immune response in the desired direction. Ideally, a vaccine would only consist of well-characterized, synthetic materials. This review summarizes the different approaches for the development of completely defined synthetic vaccines.
Applications, challenges, and prospective in emerging body area networking technologies (2010)

Advances in wireless technology and supporting infrastructure provide unprecedented opportunity for ubiquitous real-time healthcare and fitness monitoring without constraining the activities of the user. Wirelessly connected miniaturized sensors and actuators placed in, on, and around the body form a body area network for continuous, automated, and unobtrusive monitoring of physiological signs to support medical, lifestyle and entertainment applications. BAN technology is in the early stage of development, and several research challenges have to be overcome for it to be widely accepted. In this article we study the core set of application, functional, and technical requirements of the BAN. We also discuss fundamental research challenges such as scalability (in terms of data rate, power consumption, and duty cycle), antenna design, interference mitigation, coexistence, QoS, reliability, security, privacy, and energy efficiency. Several candidate technologies poised to address the emerging BAN market are evaluated, and their merits and demerits are highlighted. A brief overview of standardization activities relevant to BANs is also presented.
Performance of a new digital baseband predistorter using calibration memory (2001)

Digital predistortion of a baseband signal is a well-known method of power amplifier (PA) linearization used to reduce adjacent channel interference (ACI) in a nonconstant envelope modulation system. This paper proposes a specific predistorter configuration based on the estimation of the PA characteristics extracting its linear behavior and comparing with a linear model by means of a calibrating signal. The effects of quadrature modulator and demodulator imbalances are included in our analysis. The effects and requirements of the reconstruction filters are stated and a new method for the loop delay estimation is presented. We also focus our attention in some design considerations and simulation results related to the use of a fixed point digital signal processor (DSP). Simulations show that out-of-band skirts lower than -60 dBc can be obtained for a narrow bandwidth system.
Hematopoietic growth factors. (1991)

Hematopoiesis is a complex process that underlines the production of multiple highly specialized cells. The intricate mechanisms involved in this process include both positive and negative feedback by humoral activities, pluripotent stem cell selfrenewal and differentiation, and local interactions between stromal components of the hematopoietic microenvironment and various stem and progenitor cells. A group of hematopoietic growth factors, as well as their genes and chromosomal locations, have been identified. Advances in biochemistry and molecular biology led to the purification, genetic sequencing and molecular cloning of these glycoproteins. They include interleukin-3 (IL-3), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and erythropoietin (EPO). The biologic specificity of these substances is defined by their ability to support proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic cells in a semisolid clonal assay system. These factors share certain characteristics, including their ability to stimulate the function of mature cells, their overlapping activity affecting progenitor cells of several lineages, and their direct and indirect actions on nonhematopoietic cells. Trials using hematopoietic growth factors demonstrated their remarkable efficacy in a variety of clinical settings.
Evaluation of five new plating media for isolation of Salmonella species (1995)

A three-phase study was conducted to compare Hektoen enteric agar (HE), Rambach agar (Ra), SM-ID medium (SM), xylose-lysine-Tergitol 4 agar (XLT4), novobiocin-brilliant green-glycerol-lactose agar (NBGL), and modified semisolid Rappaport-Vassiliadis medium (MSRV) for the recovery of nontyphoid salmonellae from stool specimens. After evaluation of the first two phases, which resulted in the elimination of Ra, SM, and NBGL, 593 consecutive stool samples were investigated by plating them directly and after tetrathionate enrichment at 37 degrees C on HE, XLT4, and MSRV. A total of 82 Salmonella-positive stool specimens were detected (positivity rate, 13.8%). Sensitivities for direct plating and after tetrathionate enrichment were 32.9 and 86.6%, respectively, for XLT4, 63.4 and 100.0%, respectively, for MSRV, and 34.1 and 79.3%, respectively, for HE. Specificities (percentage of morphologically suspicious colonies that were indeed salmonellae) were 100.0 and 99.8%, respectively, for XLT4, 99.0 and 98.8%, respectively, for MSRV, and 67.9 and 75.0%, respectively, for HE. The use of MSRV instead of HE increased the isolation rate of salmonellae by 26.2% (65 versus 82 strains isolated from HE and MSRV, respectively). We conclude that MSRV is the most sensitive medium tested and is a very specific medium for the isolation of nontyphoid salmonellae from stool specimens. However, its semisolid nature is a disadvantage and requires careful handling in the laboratory, especially when salmonellae are present. XLT4 had a sensitivity comparable to that of HE and a nearly 100% specificity and can be regarded as an alternative for the isolation of nontyphoid salmonellae from stool samples.
Image-Based Multiclass Boosting and Echocardiographic View Classification (2006)

We tackle the problem of automatically classifying cardiac view for an echocardiographic sequence as a multiclass object detection. As a solution, we present an imagebased multiclass boosting procedure. In contrast with conventional approaches for multiple object detection that train multiple binary classifiers, one per object, we learn only one multiclass classifier using the LogitBoosting algorithm. To utilize the fact that, in the midst of boosting, one class is fully separated from the remaining classes, we propose to learn a tree structure that focuses on the remaining classes to improve learning efficiency. Further, we accommodate the large number of background images using a cascade of boosted multiclass classifiers, which is able to simultaneously detect and classify multiple objects while rejecting the background class quickly. Our experiments on echocardiographic view classification demonstrate promising performances of image-based multiclass boosting.
Cloning and characterization of the gene encoding a high-affinity maltose transporter from (2003)

The transport and regulation of maltose utilization by Torulaspora delbrueckii, one of the most abundant non-Saccharomyces species present in home-made corn and rye bread dough, has been investigated. A DNA fragment containing the MAL11 gene from T. delbrueckii (TdMAL11) was isolated by complementation cloning in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. DNA sequence analysis revealed the presence of an open reading frame (ORF) of 1884 bp, encoding a 627-amino acid membrane protein, which displays high homology to other yeast maltose transporters. Upstream of TdMAL11, the DNA insert contained a partial ORF (TdMAL12) on the opposite strand, which showed high similarity to the S. cerevisiae MAL12 gene. Sequence analysis, Northern blot and transport measurements indicated that TdMAL11 expression is regulated by the carbon source. Attempts to disrupt TdMAL11 revealed the presence of two functional MAL loci. Disruption of a single copy decreased the V(max) of maltose transport, but not the K(m), whereas the double disruption abolished the uptake of this sugar in T. delbrueckii.
Influence of salinity and temperature on uptake of perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs) by hydroponically grown wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (2016)

Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have recently attracted increasing concerns due to their ubiquitous existence, adverse effects and persistence in environment. This study employed four perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs) to examine effects of salinity and temperature on the PFAS uptake in wheat, one of the major crops in the North China Plain. Wheat plants were grown in the spiked-PFCA hydroponic culture system at different salinities and temperatures. As expected, salinity and temperature significantly impacted the root uptake and translocation of wheat to four PFCAs, and the concentrations for each of PFCAs in wheat root and shoot increased with increasing salinity and temperature, respectively. PFCA concentrations at high salinity or high temperature were up to thrice those found at low salinity or low temperature. Except for perfluorobutanoic acid, the amount of PFCAs in root was always higher than that in shoot at the ranges of salinity and temperature tested. Additionally salinity and temperature were also capable of influencing the transfer factors (TFs) of four PFCAs, and significant increase was observed in the TFs in response to the increases in salinity and temperature.
Supramolecular synthons based on N–H⋯N and C–H⋯O hydrogen bonds. Crystal engineering of a helical structure with 5,5-diethylbarbituric acid (2002)

5,5-Diethylbarbituric acid is a convenient molecular precursor for a newly identified N–H⋯N/C–H⋯O synthon, which is robust enough for the design of a helix architecture.
Muscarine, imidazole, oxazole, thiazole and peptide alkaloids, and other miscellaneous alkaloids (1998)

J. R. Lewis, Nat. Prod. Rep., 1998, 15, 371 DOI: 10.1039/A815371Y
Performance measurements of synchronization mechanisms on 16PE NOC based multi-core with dedicated synchronization and data NOC (2009)

Multi-Processors System on Chip (MPSOC) are emerging as solutions for high performance embedded systems. Although important work have been achieved in the design and implementation of such systems the issue of synchronization mechanisms have not yet been properly evaluated for these targets. We present in this work synchronization performance evaluation results on a 16PE NOC based MPSOC which we designed and implemented on a single FPGA chip. All reported results come from actual execution and show hybrid synchronization mechanisms best fit the MPSOC configurations.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Localization of DHHC Palmitoyltransferases Mediated by Lysine-based Sorting Signals (2011)

Intracellular palmitoylation dynamics are regulated by a family of 24 DHHC (aspartate-histidine-histidine-cysteine) palmitoyltransferases, which are localized in a compartment-specific manner. The majority of DHHC proteins localize to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi membranes, and a small number target to post-Golgi membranes. To date, there are no reports of the fine mapping of sorting signals in mammalian DHHC proteins; thus, it is unclear how spatial distribution of the DHHC family is achieved. Here, we have identified and characterized lysine-based sorting signals that determine the restricted localization of DHHC4 and DHHC6 to ER membranes. The ER targeting signal in DHHC6 conforms to a KKXX motif, whereas the signal in DHHC4 is a distinct KXX motif. The identified dilysine signals are sufficient to specify ER localization as adding the C-terminal pentapeptide sequences from DHHC4 or DHHC6, which contain these KXX and KKXX motifs, to the C terminus of DHHC3, redistributes this palmitoyltransferase from Golgi to ER membranes. Recent work proposed that palmitoylation of newly synthesized peripheral membrane proteins occurs predominantly at the Golgi. Indeed, previous analyses of the peripheral membrane proteins, SNAP25 and cysteine string protein, are fully consistent with their initial palmitoylation being mediated by Golgi-localized DHHC proteins. Interestingly, ER-localized DHHC3 is able to palmitoylate SNAP25 and cysteine string protein to a similar level as wild-type Golgi-localized DHHC3 in co-expression studies. These results suggest that targeting of intrinsically active DHHC proteins to defined membrane compartments is an important factor contributing to spatially restricted patterns of substrate palmitoylation.
Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Molecular Pathology in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (2018)

Abstract Paralysis occurring in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) results from denervation of skeletal muscle as a consequence of motor neuron degeneration. Interactions between motor neurons and glia contribute to motor neuron loss, but the spatiotemporal ordering of molecular events that drive these processes in intact spinal tissue remains poorly understood. Here, we use spatial transcriptomics to obtain gene expression measurements of mouse spinal cords over the course of disease, as well as of postmortem tissue from ALS patients, to characterize the underlying molecular mechanisms in ALS. We identify novel pathway dynamics, regional differences between microglia and astrocyte populations at early time-points, and discern perturbations in several transcriptional pathways shared between murine models of ALS and human postmortem spinal cords. One Sentence Summary Analysis of the ALS spinal cord using Spatial Transcriptomics reveals spatiotemporal dynamics of disease driven gene regulation.
Mutations Causing Constitutive Invertase Synthesis in Yeast: Genetic Interactions with <i>snf</i> Mutations (1987)

We have selected 210 mutants able to grow on sucrose in the presence of 2-deoxyglucose. We identified recessive mutations in three major complementation groups that cause constitutive (glucose-insensitive) secreted invertase synthesis. Two groups comprise alleles of the previously identified HXK2 and REG1 genes, and the third group was designated cid1 (constitutive invertase derepression). The effect of cid1 on SUC2 expression is mediated by the SUC2 upstream regulatory region, as judged by the constitutive expression of a SUC2-LEU2-lacZ fusion in which the LEU2 promoter is under control of SUC2 upstream sequences. A cid1 mutation also causes glucose-insensitive expression of maltase. The previously isolated constitutive mutation ssn6 is epistatic to cid1, reg1 and hxk2 for very high level constitutive invertase expression. Mutations in SNF genes that prevent derepression of invertase are epistatic to cid1, reg1 and hxk2; we have previously shown that ssn6 has different epistasis relationships with snf mutations. The constitutive mutation tup1 was found to resemble ssn6 in its genetic interactions with snf mutations. These findings suggest that CID1, REG1 and HXK2 are functionally distinct from SSN6 and TUP1.
<i>In Vitro</i>Systems for the Study of Human Placental Endocrine Function* (1990)

AMONG endocrine organs, the placenta is unique with respect to the diversity of its hormonal products and the mechanisms that control its secretory activity. The placenta elaborates protein, glycoprotein, and steroidal hormones, as well as cytokines and growth factors. It possesses receptors for a variety of these factors, as well as for thyronines, steroids, and protein hormones. At present count, the human placenta produces more than 30 hormones and has receptors for almost as many regulatory factors (1–3). Consequently, it has frequently been the starting material from which hormones and receptors have been purified. Although the placenta functions in concert with the maternal organism and the fetus in the production of some hormones (e.g., estrogens), the study of isolated placental tissue has been important in the elucidation of placental function as well as the biology of secretory cells in general. Our purpose is to review the existing in vitro systems for study of endocrine functions of human placental tissue. For additional information, the reader may wish to consult a recent monograph dealing with placental perfusion (4) and earlier reviews by Stromberg et al. (5) and Loke and Whyte (6) for insight into the history of the development of various trophoblast tissue culture methods, and two recent volumes, one focusing on cellular approaches to the study of the placenta (7), the other on placental protein hormones (8).
Transformed in situ fabrication of macroporous carbon network structures from egg membranes and its biomacromolecule adsorption (2011)

Abstract Novel carbon material with hierarchical porous network structures was made by a method of transformed in situ route based on eggshell membrane (ESM) under inert atmosphere. The structural, physical, and chemical properties were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller, and UV–visible. The results showed that materials were crosslinked with fibers in diameters ranging from 0.3 to 0.9 μm to form a network. Furthermore, the ESMs were modified to prepare ordered macroporous materials with average pore size of 1 μm. The macroporous materials were evaluated through the adsorption properties of Pb 2+ and bovine serum albumin, indicating good selectivity of macromolecules compared with commercial activated carbon. Pore structure analysis indicated that pore size is an important factor on improving the adsorbing macromolecules ability. The materials holding mixed three‐dimensional networks provide favorable transport channels for macromolecules. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers