gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Submicron Polymer Membrane Hemoglobin Nanocapsules as Potential Blood Substitutes: Preparation and Characterization (1996)

Biodegradable polymer membrane nanocapsules containing hemoglobin have been prepared with phase separation and polymer precipitation methods. We have used different polymers including polylactic acid and polyisobutyl-cyanoacrylate. The mean diameter of the hemoglobin nanocapsules can be as low as 0.07 mu and up to 0.39 mu dependent on the method of preparation. The concentration of the hemoglobin in the suspension can be up to 11 gm/dl, as compared to 15 gm/dl in whole blood. The viscosity of the preparation is slightly lower than that of human blood. In vitro tests show that P50 of these nanocapsules containing bovine hemoglobin is identical to free bovine hemoglobin solution. The surface of the nanocapsules can be modified for example with polyethylene glycol(PEG) or with PEG 2000 PE. Preliminary in vivo tests show that surface modified nanocapsules containing hemoglobin can survive longer in the circulation.
hOGG1 polymorphism and loss of heterozygosity (LOH): Significance for lung cancer susceptibility in a caucasian population (2000)

Oxidative damage is implicated in several chronic diseases including cancer. 8-Hydroxyguanine (8-oxoG) is one of the major promutagenic DNA lesions, which is produced by reactive oxygen species, causes G:C to T:A transversions and is excised by OGG1, an 8-oxoG specific DNA glycosylase/AP-Lyase. In a nested case-control study, gDNA from 105 Caucasian primary non-small cell lung cancer cases and 105 matched controls was screened for 6 possible new polymorphic sites in the human OGG1 gene, detected previously mainly in tumour tissue. The previously described Ser(326)Cys polymorphism was found to be common (allele frequency 0.22) in Caucasians. However, no major difference in Ser(326)Cys genotype distribution could be detected between cases and controls. Two 5;-end polymorphisms previously found in Japanese as well as Arg(131)Gln could not be detected in this population. An Ala(85)Ser polymorphism was found in 2 controls, whereas Arg(46)Gln was detected in only 1 case. As the hOGG1 gene is mapped (3p26.2) to a region frequently lost in primary lung tumours, the frequency of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) was investigated. Forty-three percent of the studied lung tumours exhibited loss of one of the hOGG1 alleles. The wt Ser(326) allele was not predominantly lost in our sample set, which suggests a minor role of this polymorphism in tumourgenesis. Our results show that LOH at the hOGG1 gene locus is a very common occurrence in lung tumourgenesis, possibly leading to increased mutational damage due to ROS in smokers. However, the hOGG1 polymorphisms studied are probably not major contributors to individual lung cancer susceptibility in Caucasians.
Türkiye’de üretilen mdf levhaların teknolojik özellikleri (2004)

a lm a d a , lk em izd e o r ta y o u n lu k ta liflevha (M D F ) re tim i y a p an fa b rik a la rn re tti i genel a m a l le v h a la rn te k n o lo jik zellik leri te s p it e d ile re k , s ta n d a rd n n g rd d e e rle rle rle k a r la tr m a k su re tiy le le v h a la rn k a lite le ri o r ta y a k o n u lm u ve d a h a k a liteli re tim y a p a b ilm e k iin n e rile r s u n u lm u tu r.D enem e le v h a la r z e rin d e fiziksel z e llik le rd e n h a v a k u ru s u y o u n lu k , yzey a b so rp siy o n u , 24 s a a t s u d a b e k le tm e sonucu k a ln l n a im e ve su a lm a ; m e k a n ik z ellik lerd e n eilm e d ire n c i ve eilm ede e la stik iy e t m o d l , levha y z ey in e d ik y n d e ekm e d ire n c i ve te k n o lo jik z e llik le rd e n v id a tu tm a gc te s p it e d ilm itir.E ld e edilen te st s o n u la rn a g re lk em izd e M D F re tim i y a p a n fa b rik a la r n r n le rin in ilgili s ta n d a r tla r n n g rd d e e rle re u y g u n o ld u u te s p it e d ilm itir.A nahtar Kelimeler: MDF, Fiziksel zellikler, M ekanik zellikler 1.GR M D F o rta younlukta bir liflevha olup, term om ekanik olarak odun veya dier lignosellilozik ham m addelerden elde edilen liflerin belirli b ir rutubet derecesine kadar kurutulduktan sonra yaklak % 9-11 oran n d a term osetting (scakta sertleen) karakterli b ir yaptrc ile tutkallanarak scaklk ve basn altnda preslenm esiyle oluan bir m alzem edir.M D F 'nin kalnl 1.80-60.0mm, younluu ise genelde 0.55-0.80gr/cm 3 arasnda deim ekte olup, genelde 0.70-0.80gr/cm 3 arasndadr (A K B U L U T 1999).Y ukardaki tanm kuru yntem i kapsam akta olup ya yntem le de M D F retilebilm ektedir.M D F ve yongalevha gibi odun kkenli levhalarn retim i orm an rnleri alannda yeni bir r am tr.Yeni m akinelerin (taslak oluturm a, tutkallam a ve preslem e vb.) ve sentetik tutkallarn ( re-form aldehit, F enol-form aldehit vb.)
Pain and lumps in the female breast. (1992)

The concept of monoclonal antibodies evoked great excitement when first described, but usefulness has been limited by their murine origin and consequent immunogenicity. Human monoclonal antibodies which would obviate xenotypic responses-can now be produced. Clinical implications-including use against HIV-are discussed.
Cooperative repair with minimum-storage regenerating codes for distributed storage (2014)

Distributed storage systems store redundant data to tolerate failures of storage nodes and lost data should be repaired when storage nodes fail. A class of MDS codes, called minimum-storage regenerating (MSR) codes, has been designed to optimize bandwidth consumption when repairing one single failure. Compared with repairing failures individually, the cooperative repair of multiple failures can help to further save bandwidth consumption when multiple failures are being repaired. In this paper, we present a new construction of minimum-storage cooperative regenerating (MSCR) codes that repair two failures cooperatively and exactly. We show that given a valid instance of linear exact MSR codes, we are able to construct a corresponding repair procedure to repair any two failures cooperatively with optimal bandwidth consumption, i.e., to construct an instance of exact MSCR codes directly from exact MSR codes. With this connection, we are also able to repair any single failure exactly with MSCR codes.
A Novel Approach to Stable Superhydrophobic Surfaces (2006)

Nature calls: The lotus leaf is held as a symbol of purity due to its ability to remain clean after emerging from murky ponds. Its superhydrophobic surface, which removes undesired particles in water droplets, is mimicked by a simple and inexpensive method involving self-generation of superhydrophobic films on copper substrates. The resulting films (water contact angle of 170±1.6°, see picture) show good self-cleaning properties.
Cloning of midecamycin (MLS)-resistance genes from Streptomyces mycarofacines, Streptomyces lividans and streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). (1990)

DNA containing genes for midecamycin(Mdm)-resistance was cloned from Streptomyces mycarofaciens ATCC 21454 (mdmA gene), Streptomyces lividans 66 (lrm gene) and Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). The phenotype imparted to S. lividans and Streptomyces griseofuscus transformants by the cloned DNA segments indicates that they encode an MLS-type of resistance activity. The mdmA and lrm genes could be distinguished by the phenotype they conferred in S. lividans and S. griseofuscus, whereas the S. lividans lrm and S. coelicolor MLS genes appears to be identical on the basis of their restriction maps and behavior in S. lividans and S. griseofuscus. The DNA sequence of a 1.4-kb BamH I DNA fragment containing the mdmA gene indicates the presence of one complete orf whose deduced product exhibits a high similarity to the deduced product of the Streptomyces thermotolerans carB gene and several other bacterial MLS-resistance genes.
Innovative stack-die package - S2BGA (2003)

The stack-die package concept emerged 2/spl sim/3 years ago. The major product a stack-die package with flash and SRAM chips integrated together, used in cellular phones for the purpose of size and weight reduction. The basic requirement for these two dies in a stacked package is that the size difference must be large enough to allow a wire bonding process at the bottom die, if we still want to utilize the low cost, mature wire bonding technology in interconnections. However, this requirement will limit the application in trying to integrate two similar or same sized dies into a single stack-die package. One solution for this application is to utilize flip chip technology in the interconnection, to solve the die size difference requirement. One of the concerns for this package is the higher assembly cost due to flip chip interconnection. Therefore, a low cost, high reliability alternative package structure is created, it is named S2BGA (spacer stacked ball grid array). In this package, a silicon spacer is deposited between top and bottom dies to offer enough space for the wire bonding process. Since mature wire bonding technology is still utilized, a reliable and cost effective stack-die package is provided but maintains the same package size.
Differential synthesis of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase polypeptides in stressed yeast cells (1995)

Three unlinked genes, TDH1, TDH2 and TDH3, encode the glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (triose-phosphate dehydrogenase; TDH) in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We demonstrate that the synthesis of the three encoded TDH polypeptides (TDHa, TDHb and TDHc, respectively) is not co-ordinately regulated and that TDHa is only synthesised as cells enter stationary phase, due to glucose starvation, or in heat-shocked cells. Furthermore, the synthesis of TDHb, but not TDHc, is strongly repressed by a heat shock. Hence, the TDHa enzyme may play a cellular role, distinct from glycolysis, that is required by stressed cells.
Genetic construction and properties of a diphtheria toxin-related substance P fusion protein: in vitro destruction of cells bearing substance P receptors. (1996)

We have genetically replaced the native receptor binding domain of diphtheria toxin with an extended form of substance P (SP): SP-glycine (SP-Gly). The resulting fusion protein, DAB389SP-Gly, is composed of the catalytic and transmembrane domains of diphtheria toxin genetically coupled to SP-Gly. Because native SP requires a C-terminal amide moiety to bind with high affinity to the SP receptor, the precursor form of the fusion toxin, DAB389SP-Gly, was converted to DAB389SP by treatment with peptidylglycine-alpha-amidating monooxygenase. We demonstrate that following conversion, DAB389SP is selectively cytotoxic for cell lines that express either the rat or the human SP receptor. We also demonstrate that the cytotoxic action of DAB389SP is mediated via the SP receptor and dependent upon passage through an acidic compartment. To our knowledge, this is the first reported use of a neuropeptide as the targeting ligand for a fusion toxin; and the first instance in which an inactive precursor form of a fusion toxin is converted to the active form by a posttranslational modification.
<i>Jmol</i>– a paradigm shift in crystallographic visualization (2010)

Recent advances in molecular and crystallographic visualization methods are allowing instructors unprecedented opportunities to enhance student learning using virtual models within a familiar web-browser context. In step with these advances, the latest versions of the Jmol molecular visualization applet offer capabilities that hold potential for revolutionizing the way students learn about symmetry, uncertainty and the overall enterprise of molecular structure determination.
<i>Appendix</i>—Manometric determination of the solubility of oxygen in liquid paraffin, olive oil and silicone fluids (1954)

TISSUE METABOLISM WITH MINIMAL SALINE 661 moist cerebral cortex was increased by electrical pulses and the increase opposed by certain added agents.
Surface Organometallic and Coordination Chemistry toward Single-Site Heterogeneous Catalysts: Strategies, Methods, Structures, and Activities (2016)

ISSN:0009-2665
Anchor Structure of Staphylococcal Surface Proteins (1998)

Surface proteins of Staphylococcus aureus are covalently linked to the bacterial cell wall by a mechanism requiring a COOH-terminal sorting signal with a conserved LPXTG motif. Cleavage between the threonine and the glycine of the LPXTG motif liberates the carboxyl of threonine to form an amide bond with the pentaglycyl cross-bridge in the staphylococcal peptidoglycan. Here, we asked whether altered peptidoglycan cross-bridges interfere with the sorting reaction and investigated surface protein anchoring in staphylococcal fem mutants. S. aureus strains carrying mutations in the femA, femB, femAB, or the femAX genes synthesize altered cross-bridges, and each of these strains displayed decreased sorting activity. Characterization of cell wall anchor structures purified from the fem mutants revealed that surface proteins were linked to cross-bridges containing one, three, or five glycyl residues, but not to the epsilon-amino of lysyl in muropeptides without glycine. When tested in a femAB strain synthesizing cross-bridges with mono-, tri-, and pentaglycyl as well as tetraglycyl-monoseryl, surface proteins were found anchored mostly to the five-residue cross-bridges (pentaglycyl or tetraglycyl-monoseryl). Thus, although wild-type peptidoglycan appears to be the preferred substrate for the sorting reaction, altered cell wall cross-bridges can be linked to the COOH-terminal end of surface proteins.
Interactions of Cyclosporine with Antimicrobial Agents (1989)

A number of antimicrobial agents may have untoward interactions with cyclosporine. Concurrent use of ketoconazole or erythromycin results in increased serum cyclosporine levels, with associated potential nephrotoxicity or neurotoxicity. Rifampin and perhaps nafcillin induce cytochrome P-450-dependent isoenzyme metabolism of cyclosporine. The resultant decreased bioavailability of cyclosporine may precipitate graft rejection. The aminoglycosides, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and amphotericin B have been associated with increased nephrotoxicity, independent of the levels of cyclosporine or antibiotic present. Anticipation of potential antibiotic interactions and appropriate monitoring of levels of cyclosporine and antibiotics and of renal function are critical to the avoidance of reversible causes of graft failure or organ toxicity.
<i>In vivo</i> negative selection screen identifies genes required for <i>Francisella</i> virulence (2007)

Francisella tularensis subverts the immune system to rapidly grow within mammalian hosts, often causing tularemia, a fatal disease. This pathogen targets the cytosol of macrophages where it replicates by using the genes encoded in the Francisella pathogenicity island. However, the bacteria are recognized in the cytosol by the host's ASC/caspase-1 pathway, which is essential for host defense, and leads to macrophage cell death and proinflammatory cytokine production. We used a microarray-based negative selection screen to identify Francisella genes that contribute to growth and/or survival in mice. The screen identified many known virulence factors including all of the Francisella pathogenicity island genes, LPS O-antigen synthetic genes, and capsule synthetic genes. We also identified 44 previously unidentified genes that were required for Francisella virulence in vivo, indicating that this pathogen may use uncharacterized mechanisms to cause disease. Among these, we discovered a class of Francisella virulence genes that are essential for growth and survival in vivo but do not play a role in intracellular replication within macrophages. Instead, these genes modulate the host ASC/caspase-1 pathway, a previously unidentified mechanism of Francisella pathogenesis. This finding indicates that the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms used by other uncharacterized genes identified in our screen will increase our understanding of the ways in which bacterial pathogens subvert the immune system.
Phylogenetic relationships among the agent of bacillary angiomatosis, <i>Bartonella bacilliformis</i>, and other alpha‐proteobacteria (1992)

Bacillary angiomatosis (BA) and chronic bartonellosis are bacterial infections of humans which result in an unusual vascular proliferative tissue response. In order to determine their phylogenetic relationships, we have determined greater than 95% of the 16S rRNA sequences for these two organisms by amplification directly from infected BA tissue and from a Bartonella bacilliformis lyophilized culture. The BA agent and B. bacilliformis are closely related alpha-proteobacteria (98.5%), although the BA agent is more closely related to Rochalimaea quintana (99.1%). Contrary to previous belief, the BA agent is distinct from, and less closely related to, the cat scratch bacillus (Afipia felis) (90.7%). We propose a novel secondary structure in a hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA which is useful for alignment of primary sequences and which may be useful for design of nucleic acid probes.
The Roles of Structural Imperfections in InGaN-Based Blue Light-Emitting Diodes and Laser Diodes (1998)

REVIEW High-efficiency light-emitting diodes emitting amber, green, blue, and ultraviolet light have been obtained through the use of an InGaN active layer instead of a GaN active layer. The localized energy states caused by In composition fluctuation in the InGaN active layer are related to the high efficiency of the InGaN-based emitting devices. The blue and green InGaN quantum-well structure light-emitting diodes with luminous efficiencies of 5 and 30 lumens per watt, respectively, can be made despite the large number of threading dislocations (1 x 10(8) to 1 x 10(12) cm-2). Epitaxially laterally overgrown GaN on sapphire reduces the number of threading dislocations originating from the interface of the GaN epilayer with the sapphire substrate. InGaN multi-quantum-well structure laser diodes formed on the GaN layer above the SiO2 mask area can have a lifetime of more than 10,000 hours. Dislocations increase the threshold current density of the laser diodes.
Electronic Patient-Physician Communication: Problems and Promise (1998)

A critical mass of Internet users will soon enable wide diffusion of electronic communication within medical practice. E-mail between physicians and patients offers important opportunities for better communication. Linking patients and physicians through e-mail may increase the involvement of patients in supervising and documenting their own health care, processes that may activate patients and contribute to improved health. These new linkages may have profound implications for the patient-physician relationship. Although the federal government proposes regulation of telemedicine technologies and medical software, communications technologies are evolving under less scrutiny. Unless these technologies are implemented with substantial forethought, they may disturb delicate balances in the patient-physician relationship, widen social disparities in health outcomes, and create barriers to access to health care. This paper seeks to identify the promise and pitfalls of electronic patient-physician communication before such technology becomes widely distributed. A research agenda is proposed that would provide data that are useful for careful shaping of the communications infrastructure. The paper addresses the need to 1) define appropriate use of the various modes of patient-physician communication, 2) ensure the security and confidentiality of patient information, 3) create user interfaces that guide patients in effective use of the technology, 4) proactively assess medicolegal liability, and 5) ensure access to the technology by a multicultural, multilingual population with varying degrees of literacy.
Emerson Hough: "Merry Christmas. Sued You Today." (1967)

Bobbs-Merrill Company in 1913, suing them at that time for breach of contract.They are a strange bunch down there-having no earthly regard for their spoken or their written word.They will put any author in the poor house who sticks to them.
Removal of Carbon Dioxide from Flue Gas by Ammonia Carbonation in the Gas Phase (2002)

The increasing anthropogenic CO2 emissions and possible global warming have challenged the United States and other countries to find new and better ways to meet the world's increasing needs for energy while, at the same time, reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This study explores the possibility of using ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3) formation by ammonia carbonation in the gas phase to achieve reduction of CO2 emissions from industrial flue gas. Experimental results obtained in this study demonstrate that removal of flue-gas CO2 can be achieved via formation of solid NH4HCO3 through ammonia carbonation in the gas phase. Removal of CO2 is quantified by monitoring CO2 concentrations at the entrance and exit of the reactor column. The products of ammonia carbonation were identified by solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. For the experimental conditions employed in this study, current results show up to 50% removal of CO2 from the flue gas. Higher efficiencies are likely achievable by optimizing the operating conditions and geometry of the reactor.
Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation Affects the Pressure-Volume Behavior of the Upper Airway (1995)

To determine the effects of electrical hypoglossal nerve and submental stimulation on upper airway collapsibility, we examined the pressure-volume (P-V) relationships during bilateral supramaximal stimulation of the distal cut hypoglossal nerve ends over a range of frequencies from zero to 100 Hz in the sealed upper airway of 10 anesthetized supine dogs. Animals were artificially ventilated with 50% O2 and maintained under relative hyperoxia and hypocapnia during the study to eliminate the ventilatory drive output. Sealed upper airway pressures were obtained during random injections of different volumes of air from zero to 50 ml with and without hypoglossal nerve stimulation, and the upper airway P-V curves were obtained. The characteristics of the P-V curves were as follows: (1) the upper airway compliance defined as the slope of the regression of P-V curves fell from 4.07 +/- 0.33 ml/cm H2O without stimulation to 3.02 +/- 0.30 ml/cm H2O with stimulation at 50 Hz and plateaued at frequencies greater than 50 Hz, and (2) the volume at a given pressure during stimulation was larger than that without stimulation. The effects of submental stimulation on upper airway collapsibility were similar to those of hypoglossal nerve stimulation. These results suggest that the increase of upper airway muscle tone by hypoglossal nerve or submental stimulation stiffens the upper airway and that increases in muscle tone expand the upper airway.
Is pulmonary vascular disease reversible with <scp>PPAR</scp> ɣ agonists? (2018)

Abstract Severe angio‐obliterative PAH remains a disease characterized by great morbidity and shortened survival. Unfortunately, the only currently available treatments for angio‐obliterative changes are palliative in the form of pulmonary vasodilators evolving from the phosphodiesterase inhibitor sildenafil to endothelin receptor antagonist: Bosentan; while the only definitive treatment is lung transplantation which remains dependent on the availability of donors and the transplant policies which vary widely from a country to another. PPAR s, especially the γ isoform, are largely expressed in pulmonary artery endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. They are also found on endothelial progenitor cells. Several previous studies have highlighted the role of PPAR γ agonists in reversal of vascular remodeling especially in coronary, carotid and peripheral vascular disease atherosclerotic plaques. Experimental studies have also revealed that PPAR γ activation affects many different pathways; thus, the effect of PPAR γ is multifaceted, affecting almost every pathobiological pathway involved in the development of PAH simultaneously. We thereby hypothesize that PPAR γ agonists may play a key role in reversing severe pulmonary angio‐obliterative changes and promote microvascular regeneration which may substitute the need for heart‐lung transplantation in such patients.