gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial defect in Huntington's disease caudate nucleus (1996)

Although the Huntington's disease (HD) gene defect has been identified, the structure and function of the abnormal gene product and the pathogenetic mechanisms involved in producing death of selective neuronal populations are not understood. Indirect evidence from several sources indicates that a defect of energy metabolism and consequent excitotoxicity are involved in HD. Toxin models of HD may be induced by 3-nitropropionic acid or malonate, both inhibitors of succinate dehydrogenase, complex II of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. We analyzed mitochondrial respiratory chain function in the caudate nucleus (n = 10) and platelets (n = 11) from patients with HD. In the caudate nucleus, severe defects of complexes II and III (53-59%, p < 0.0005) and a 32-38% (p < 0.01) deficiency of complex IV activity were demonstrated. No deficiencies were found in platelet mitochondrial function. The mitochondrial defect identified in HD caudate parallels that induced by HD neurotoxin models and further supports the role of abnormal energy metabolism in HD. The relationship of the mitochondrial defect to the role of huntingtin is not known.
Data Mining and Analysis on Multiple Time Series Object Data (2007)

Huge amount of data is available in our society and the need for turning such data into useful information and knowledge is urgent. Data mining is an important field addressing that need and significant progress has been achieved in the last decade. In several important application areas, data arises in the format of Multiple Time Series Object (MTSO) data, where each data object is an array of time series over a large set of features and each has an associated class or state. Very little research has been conducted towards this kind of data. Examples include computational toxicology, where each data object consists of a set of time series over thousands of genes, and operational stress management, where each data object consists of a set of time series over different measuring points on the human body. The purpose of this dissertation is to conduct a systematic data mining study over microarray time series data, with applications on computational toxicology. More specifically, we aim to consider several issues: feature selection algorithms for different classification cases, gene markers or feature set selection for toxic chemical exposure detection, toxic chemical exposure time prediction, wildness concept development and applications, and organizing diversified and parsimonious committee. We will formalize and analyze these research problems, design algorithms to address these problems, and perform experimental evaluations of the proposed algorithms. All these studies are based on microarray time series data set provided by Dr. McDougal.
Carotid intima-media thickness in relation to macrovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. (2000)

In the present study, the increased carotid intima-media thickness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus was related to the presence of peripheral arterial disease. This finding probably reflects morphologic and hemodynamic similarities between the two vascular beds and indicates that increased carotid intima-media thickness in patients with type 2 diabetes may be a marker of atherosclerosis in different locations.
Constitutive Activation of c-Jun N-terminal Kinase by a Mutant Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (1998)

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF) variant type III (EGFRvIII) is a constitutively active, naturally occurring mutation of the EGF receptor that is found in many types of human tumors. When overexpressed in NIH3T3 fibroblasts, EGFRvIII induces transformation by enhancing cell growth and reducing apoptosis. Analysis of downstream signaling pathways has revealed that extracellular signal-regulated kinase activity is down-regulated, raising doubt as to the significance of this pathway in promoting transformation. We investigated whether the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway was affected by EGFRvIII. NIH3T3 cells expressing EGFRvIII exhibited a high basal level of JNK activity, which was not present in cells overexpressing the normal EGF receptor. Treatment of cells overexpressing EGFRvIII with inhibitors of the EGF receptor or phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase resulted in the down-regulation of JNK activity. Furthermore, the down-regulation of JNK activity was associated with a loss of properties related to transformation, and there was no evidence for JNK activity in the promotion of apoptosis in these cells. These findings implicate constitutive activation of the JNK pathway in transformation by EGFRvIII.
Complete Amino-Acid Sequence of the Naturally Occurring A<sub><b>2</b></sub>Activator Protein for Enzymic Sphingomyelin Degradation: Identity to the Sulfatide Activator Protein (SAP-1) (1988)

The naturally occurring A2 activator protein for enzymic sphingolipid degradation is characterized by complete amino-acid sequence and carbohydrate content. It consists of 79 amino-acid residues and has a molecular mass of 8.875 kDa. The polypeptide chain contains 2 mol of N-acetylglucosamine, bound to asparagine in position 21, as well as 2 mol of galactose and mannose per mol protein. The primary structure of the A2 activator protein is identical to that of the sulfatide activator protein (SAP-1). Possible differences in the carbohydrate content are discussed.
Cognitive rehabilitation for memory deficits following stroke (2000)

There is insufficient evidence to support or refute the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation for memory problems after stroke.
Impaired β-Cell Function, Incretin Effect, and Glucagon Suppression in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Who Have Normal Fasting Glucose (2002)

We have recently described a novel phenotype in a group of subjects with type 1 diabetes that is manifested by glucose >11.1 mmol/l 120 min after an oral glucose load, but with normal fasting glucose levels. We now describe the metabolic characteristics of these subjects by comparing parameters of islet hormone secretion and glucose disposal in these subjects to age-matched nondiabetic control subjects. The patients with type 1 diabetes had fasting glucose, insulin, and glucagon values similar to those of control subjects. Additionally, the insulin secretory response to intravenous arginine at euglycemia was similar in the control and diabetic groups (264 +/- 33.5 and 193 +/- 61.3 pmol/l; P = 0.3). However, marked differences in beta-cell function were found in response to hyperglycemia. Specifically, the first-phase insulin response was lower in diabetic subjects (329.1 +/- 39.6 vs. 91.3 +/- 34.1 pmol/l; P < 0.001), as was the slope of glucose potentiation of the insulin response to arginine (102 +/- 18.7 vs. 30.2 +/- 6.1 pmol/l per mmol/l; P = 0.005) and the maximum insulin response to arginine (2,524 +/- 413 vs. 629 +/- 159 pmol/l; P = 0.001). Although plasma levels of glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 and gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) did not differ between control and diabetic subjects, the incretin effect was lower in the diabetic patients (70.3 +/- 5.4 vs. 52.1 +/- 5.9%; P = 0.03). Finally, there was a lack of suppression of glucagon in the patients after both oral and intravenous glucose administration, which may have contributed to their postprandial hyperglycemia. Glucose effectiveness did not differ between patients and control subjects, nor did insulin sensitivity, although there was a tendency for the patients to be insulin resistant (9.18 +/- 1.59 vs. 5.22 +/- 1.17 pmol.(-1).min(-1); P = 0.08). These data characterize a novel group of subjects with type 1 diabetes manifested solely by hyperglycemia following an oral glucose load in whom islet function is normal at euglycemia, but who have marked defects in both alpha- and beta-cell secretion at hyperglycemia. This pattern of abnormalities may be characteristic of islet dysfunction early in the development of type 1 diabetes.
Induction of apoptosis in prostate carcinoma cells by BH3 peptides which inhibit Bak/Bcl-2 interactions (2001)

Interactions between proteins of the Bcl-2 family play an important role in the regulation of apoptosis. Anti-apoptotic family members can heterodimerize with pro-apoptotic family members and antagonize their function, thus protecting against death. In cells protected from death by overexpression of Bcl-2 much of the Bax is present in Bax/Bcl-2 hetero-multimers and its death signal is blocked as it cannot homodimerize. This led us to use the Bcl-2/Bax heterodimer as a target for new compounds which may provide a therapy particularly suited to tumour cells for which resistance to conventional therapy is associated with elevated expression of Bcl-2. We assessed whether apoptosis could be induced in prostate tumour cells by blocking this heterodimerization with synthetic peptide sequences derived from the BH3 domain of pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members. Prostate cells were found to undergo up to 40% apoptosis 48 h following the introduction of synthetic peptides from the BH3 domains of Bax and Bak. The caspase inhibitor z-VAD.fmk provided protection against apoptosis mediated by these peptides. Immunoprecipitation studies revealed that introduction of peptides derived from the BH3 regions of Bak and Bax into cells blocked Bak/Bcl-2 heterodimerization. These data suggest that by blocking the dimerization through which Bcl-2 would normally inhibit apoptosis the apoptotic pathway driven by Bak was re-opened.
Botulinum toxin as a novel treatment for self‐mutilation in Lesch—Nyhan syndrome (2005)

Lesch–Nyhan syndrome (LNS) is an X‐linked recessive disorder resulting from a deficiency of the metabolic enzyme hypozanthine–guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT). This syndrome presents with abnormal metabolic and neurological manifestations including hyperuricemia, mental retardation*, spastic cerebral palsy (CP), dystonia, and self‐mutilation. The mechanism behind the severe self‐mutilating behavior exhibited by patients with LNS is unknown and remains one of the greatest obstacles in providing care to these patients. This report describes a 10‐year‐old male child with confirmed LNS who was treated for self‐mutilation of his hands, tongue, and lips with repeated botulinum toxin A (BTX‐A) injections into the bilateral masseters. Our findings suggest that treatment with BTX‐A affects both the central and peripheral nervous systems, resulting in reduced self‐abusive behavior in this patient.
Activity of Tetracycline, Doxycycline, and Minocycline Against Methicillin-Susceptible and -Resistant Staphylococci (1974)

Tetracycline, doxycycline, and minocycline were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against methicillin-susceptible and -resistant isolates of Staphylococcus. At clinically achievable levels both doxycycline and minocycline were more active than tetracycline against methicillin-susceptible organisms. Tetracycline and doxycycline had no activity against methicillin-resistant staphylococci, whereas minocycline at 2 mug/ml inhibited six of 13 strains and, at 3 mug/ml, 10 of 13 strains.
Influence of nitrogen, oxygen, and nitroimidazole radiosensitizers on DNA damage induced by ionizing radiation (1993)

Oxygen and nitroaromatic compounds are known to enhance the sensitivity of cells to ionizing radiation. Employing calf thymus DNA and oligo(dA)12/poly(dT), we have examined the differences to DNA damage, in particular thymine glycols and the 3'-DNA termini at strand breaks, arising from irradiation under anoxic and oxic conditions and the presence and absence of misonidazole [1-(2-nitro-1-imidazoyl)-3-methoxy-2-propanol]. We show that (i) irradiation under nitrogen generates strand breaks almost exclusively with 3'-phosphate termini; (ii) irradiation under oxic conditions increases the yield of strand breaks 3-fold, and the 3' termini consist of 3'-phosphoglycolate and 3'-phosphate end groups in a ratio of approximately 1.6; (iii) the patterns of base and sugar damage detectable by a postlabeling assay [Weinfield, M., & Soderlind, K.-J. (1991) Biochemistry 30, 1091-1097] differ completely between DNA irradiated under oxic vs anoxic conditions; (iv) the presence of misonidazole under anoxic conditions does not increase the level of strand breakage but, like oxygen, significantly enhances the formation of 3'-phosphoglycolate end groups; (v) the presence of misonidazole during anoxic irradiation does not increase the yield of any other type of 'oxic' damage detectable by the postlabeling assay, such as thymine glycols; and (vi) misonidazole at concentrations greater than 50 microM affords significant protection to naked DNA, probably by OH radical scavenging, and both the nitroaromatic ring and methoxyisopropanol side chain contribute to this protective action.
Exploration of mucosal immunity in humans: relevance to vaccine development. (1994)

Although the immune system is remarkably diverse, there is evidence that certain types of immune responses take place and are restricted to certain anatomic locations within the body. The concept of a common mucosal immune system that provides immune reactivity not only at the site of antigen deposition but also at remote mucosal sites may be explained by the utilization of organ-specific recognition molecules by circulating precursors of mucosal immunoblasts and by the production of certain maturation factors (e.g. cytokines, hormones) produced preferentially in certain organs or parts of a given organ. This notion may explain the unification of immune responses in diverse mucosal sites and the physiologic segregation of mucosal from systemic immune mechanisms. Novel methods have been developed to enable studies of antigen specific B and T cell responses in various mucosal and extramucosal tissues in primates and rodents, using cholera toxin or its B subunit as prototype immunogens and mucosal carrier-delivery systems. The tissue localization and isotype commitment of antibody-secreting cells (ASC) and the homing potential of their circulating precursors have also been examined after oral, nasal, intra-tonsillar, rectal and/or genital immunization(s). The anatomical distribution of T- and accessory cell-derived cytokines has also been examined. These tools and approaches are being employed in studies attempting to induce optimal mucosal immune responses to several mucosal pathogens including HIV-1, in certain organs such as the lower gastrointestinal tract and the female urogenital tract.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Insertion of carbon monoxide into metal-nitrogen bonds. Synthesis, chemistry, structures, and structural dynamics of bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) organoactinide dialkylamides and .eta.2-carbamoyls (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInsertion of carbon monoxide into metal-nitrogen bonds. Synthesis, chemistry, structures, and structural dynamics of bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) organoactinide dialkylamides and .eta.2-carbamoylsPaul J. Fagan, Juan M. Manriquez, Sarah H. Vollmer, Cynthia Secaur Day, Victor W. Day, and Tobin J. MarksCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 9, 2206–2220Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00399a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00399a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views449Altmetric-Citations113LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
WW-FLOW: Web based workflow management with runtime encapsulation (2000)

Runtime encapsulation of nested process models supports flexible workflow management in a distributed heterogeneous environment. Through its modular design, the WW-flow system provides a hierarchical control scheme over complex processes and subprocesses. Implemented in Java, the workflow engine and client interfaces are portable and platform-independent.
Metatranscriptomics and Pyrosequencing Facilitate Discovery of Potential Viral Natural Enemies of the Invasive Caribbean Crazy Ant, Nylanderia pubens (2012)

Pyrosequencing the transcriptome of field-collected samples of N. pubens has identified at least three sequences that are likely of viral origin and, in which, N. pubens serves as host. In addition, the N. pubens transcriptome provides a genetic resource for the scientific community which is especially important at this early stage of developing a knowledgebase for this new pest.
Intracerebral hemorrhage and vasculitis related to ephedrine abuse (1983)

Intracerebral hemorrhage occurred in a 20-year-old man following self-administration of ephedrine. Changes seen on cerebral angiography were typical of vasculitis, and immune complex deposition was found in a skin biopsy. This combination has not previously been reported with ephedrine abuse although it is well known with amphetamine abuse.
Type I interferon structures: Possible scaffolds for the interferon-alpha receptor complex (2002)

The structures of several type I interferons (IFNs) are known. We review the structural information known for IFN alphas and compare them to other interferons and cytokines. We also review the structural information known or proposed for IFNcell receptor complexes. However, the structure of the IFN  cell receptor  IFN receptor2 (IFNAR2) and IFN receptor1 (IFNAR1) complex has not yet been determined. This paper describes a structural model of human IFN-IFNAR2/IFNAR1 complex using human IFN-α 2b dimer as the ligand. Both the structures of recombinant human IFN-α 2b and IFN-β were determined by X-ray crystallography as zinc-mediated dimers. Our proposed model was generated using human IFN-α 2b dimer docked with IFNAR2/IFNAR1. We compare our model with the receptor complex models proposed for IFN-β and IFN-γ to contrast similarities and differences. The mutual binding sites of human IFN-α 2b and IFNAR2/IFNAR1 complex are consistent with available mutagenesis studies.Key words: three dimensional structure, antiviral activity, receptor, interferon.
Production of alkylene oxide derivatives (1956)

Summary In this discussion we have reviewed the production of alkylene oxide derivatives which are becoming increasingly important surfactants. The process has been shown to be comparatively simple although the products are very complex mixtures. The course of the reaction has been indicated for the most important types of products and the reaction variables discussed. Perhaps the only disadvantage of this unit process is the hazardous nature of the alkylene oxides. These can be handled safely however, as proven by the safety record of the current producers.
The Genome of the Basidiomycetous Yeast and Human Pathogen <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i> (2005)

Cryptococcus neoformans is a basidiomycetous yeast ubiquitous in the environment, a model for fungal pathogenesis, and an opportunistic human pathogen of global importance. We have sequenced its approximately 20-megabase genome, which contains approximately 6500 intron-rich gene structures and encodes a transcriptome abundant in alternatively spliced and antisense messages. The genome is rich in transposons, many of which cluster at candidate centromeric regions. The presence of these transposons may drive karyotype instability and phenotypic variation. C. neoformans encodes unique genes that may contribute to its unusual virulence properties, and comparison of two phenotypically distinct strains reveals variation in gene content in addition to sequence polymorphisms between the genomes.
The currently used commercial DNA-extraction methods give different results of clostridial and actinobacterial populations derived from human fecal samples (2011)

Recently several human health-related microbiota studies have had partly contradictory results. As some differences may be explained by methodologies applied, we evaluated how different storage conditions and commonly used DNA-extraction kits affect bacterial composition, diversity, and numbers of human fecal microbiota. According to our results, the DNA-extraction did not affect the diversity, composition, or quantity of Bacteroides spp., whereas after a week's storage at -20 °C, the numbers of Bacteroides spp. were 1.6-2.5 log units lower (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the numbers of predominant bacteria, Eubacterium rectale (Erec)-group, Clostridium leptum group, bifidobacteria, and Atopobium group were 0.5-4 log units higher (P < 0.05) after mechanical DNA-extraction as detected with qPCR, regardless of storage. Furthermore, the bacterial composition of Erec-group differed significantly after different DNA-extractions; after enzymatic DNA-extraction, the most prevalent genera detected were Roseburia (39% of clones) and Coprococcus (10%), whereas after mechanical DNA-extraction, the most prevalent genera were Blautia (30%), Coprococcus (13%), and Dorea (10%). According to our results, rigorous mechanical lysis enables detection of higher bacterial numbers and diversity from human fecal samples. As it was shown that the results of clostridial and actinobacterial populations are highly dependent on the DNA-extraction methods applied, the use of different DNA-extraction protocols may explain the contradictory results previously obtained.
Rationale and pharmacology of angiotensin II receptor antagonists: current status and future issues. (1997)

The development of angiotensin II receptor antagonists represents a new way to block the renin-angiotensin system at the receptor level. Irbesartan is a new angiotensin II receptor antagonist that provides specific and insurmountable antagonism of the AT1 receptor subtype, demonstrating a greater than 8500-fold specificity for the AT1 receptor, the subtype which mediates all the known actions of angiotensin, compared to the AT2 receptor. Comparative studies have demonstrated that irbesartan is 10 times more potent than losartan and slightly more potent than E3174, losartan's active metabolite. Preclinical pharmacological studies in a variety of animal models have demonstrated that irbesartan provides a dose-dependent, insurmountable blockade of angiotensin and reductions in blood pressure, urinary protein and glomerular sclerosis score.