gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Emission-wavelength-dependent photoluminescence decay lifetime of N-functionalized graphene quantum dot downconverters: Impact on conversion efficiency of Cu(In, Ga)Se2 solar cells (2019)

Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have several advantages over inorganic quantum dots owing to their beneficial properties. Recently, GQDs have been used as downconverters in photovoltaic devices. However, the application of GQDs in most emergent thin-film-based Cu(In, Ga)Se<sub>2</sub> (CIGS) photovoltaic cells is limited because of either low photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield (QY) or a small Stokes shift (Δλ). Therefore, GQDs with an ultrahigh QY and large Δλ are essential to realizing the two emergent fields, i.e., the application of GQDs in CIGS photovoltaic solar cells. In this regard, we synthesized nitrogen-functionalized GQDs (NGQDs) with an ultrahigh QY (77-99%) and a large Δλ (95-155 nm) via tailoring of the nitrogen and oxygen moieties. The NGQDs were applied in CIGS solar cells to evaluate their downconversion efficiency. Our study shows that the emission wavelength (λ<sub>em</sub>)-dependent photoluminescence decay lifetime (τ<sub>em</sub>) determines the down-conversion efficiency of the nitrogen-functionalized graphene quantum dots. With the increase in τ<sub>em</sub> at λ<sub>em</sub> > 500 nm, the conversion efficiencies of the NGQDs coated-CIGS solar cells increased by 12.22%. Thus, the increase in τ<sub>em</sub> at λ<sub>em</sub> > 500 nm significantly increased the maximum current output and thus enhanced the solar-cell performance.
Isomerization of Fluorophors on a Treated Silicon Surface (2000)

In contrast to the green and familiar orange−red emissions associated with UV excited porous silicon (PS), the origins of the longer wavelength photoluminescence (PL) excited in the visible and near-infrared regions on a PS surface at 298 °K are considered within an alternate molecular model. Ab initio molecular orbital theory is used to suggest that the longest wavelength PL observed as a result of the nitrogen laser pumping of post-etch dye and HCl treated PS samples and that accessed with near-infrared excitation sources (PLE) at 298 K arises in large part from singlet−triplet transitions in silylene-based moieties (:SiRY) attached to the PS surface or present as uncoupled defect sites at or near the surface. This long-wavelength PL is distinct from the ultraviolet light excited PL associated with PS which has previously been attributed to a silanone-based silicon oxyhydride moiety attached to the surface. Ab initio molecular theory at the MP2 level with polarized double-basis sets (MP2/DZP) has been used to calculate the singlet−triplet separation for a number of silylenes with a variety of combinations of R, Y = H, OH, SiH3, OSiH3, Cl, and NH2 and to evaluate their thermodynamic stability relative to the silanones. The calculations show that the singlet silylene is always more stable than its triplet with transition wavelengths ranging from 1100 to 420 nm, where the highest transition energies are found to correlate with the most electronegative substituents. The silylene isomers are found to be more stable than the corresponding silanones in most cases. The relative stabilities are strongly coupled to the electronegativity of the substituents and to the formation of an Si−O bond in the silylene as compared to the much weaker Si−Si bond in the silanone.
Matrix study of irbesartan with hydrochlorothiazide in mild-to-moderate hypertension (1999)

The purpose of this study was to assess the safety and antihypertensive dose-response effects of irbesartan and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) in patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension. After a 4- to 5-week single-blind placebo lead-in period, 683 patients with seated diastolic blood pressure (SeDBP) between 95 and 110 mm Hg were randomized to receive once-daily dosing with one of 16 different double-blind, fixed combinations of irbesartan (0, 37.5, 100, and 300 mg irbesartan) and HCTZ (0, 6.25, 12.5, and 25 mg HCTZ) for 8 weeks. The primary efficacy variable was the change from baseline in trough SeDBP after 8 weeks of therapy. Data were analyzed by response surface modeling. At Week 8, mean changes from baseline in trough SeDBP (mm Hg) ranged from -3.5 for placebo, -7.1 to -10.2 for the irbesartan monotherapy groups, -5.1 to -8.3 for the HCTZ monotherapy groups, and -8.1 to -15.0 for the combination groups. Irbesartan plus HCTZ produced additive reductions in both SeDBP and seated systolic BP, with at least one combination producing greater BP reduction than either drug alone (P < .001). All treatments were well tolerated; there were no treatment-related serious adverse events. Irbesartan tended to ameliorate the dose-related biochemical abnormalities associated with HCTZ alone. In conclusion, the combination of HCTZ in doses up to 25 mg with irbesartan, in doses up to 300 mg, is safe and produces dose-dependent reductions in BP.
Propionate Inhibits Hepatocyte Lipid Synthesis (1990)

Oat bran lowers serum cholesterol in animals and humans. Propionate, a short-chain fatty acid produced by colonic bacterial fermentation of soluble fiber, is a potential mediator of this action. We tested the effect of propionate on hepatocyte lipid synthesis in rats using [1-14C]acetate, 3H2O, and [2-14C]mevalonate as precursors. Propionate produced a statistically significant inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis from [1-14C]acetate at a concentration of 1.0 mM and from 3H2O and [2-14C]mevalonate at concentrations of 2.5 mM. Propionate also produced a significant inhibition of fatty acid biosynthesis at concentrations of 2.5 mM using [1-14C]acetate as a precursor. The demonstration of propionate-mediated inhibition of cholesterol and fatty acid biosynthesis at these concentrations suggests that propionate may inhibit cholesterol and fatty acid biosynthesis in vivo and may mediate in part the hypolipidemic effects of soluble dietary fiber. Further studies are needed to clarify this action of propionate and to establish the exact mechanisms by which the inhibition occurs.
Sub-graph routing : a novel fault-tolerant architecture for shared-risk link group failures in wdm optical networks (2004)

Failure resilience is one the desired features of the Internet. Multiple link failure models, in the form of shared-risk link group (SRLG) failures, are becoming critical in survivable optical network design. Most of the traditional restoration schemes are based on the single-failure assumption which is unrealistic. In our research, we propose a novel survivability approach that can tolerate multiple failures arising out of SRLG situations. Each network has a set of sub-graphs that can be created by removing each of the links in the network and, in addition, removing all of the links of a SRLG. Connections in the newly proposed strategy are accepted if they can be routed in all the sub-graphs, and are protected against all single link and SRLG failures. We also study how restorability can be achieved for node failures and analyze the performance of our approaches for different network topologies. Our proposed restoration architecture requires the storage of network state information corresponding to each of the possible failure scenarios defined by the subgraphs. This restoration model is novel and can be implemented in current WDM backbone networks.
Dual evolutionary origin for the rat genetic sequences of Harvey murine sarcoma virus (1980)

Detailed restriction endonuclease maps were developed for Harvey murine sarcoma virus (Ha-MuSV) DNA (clone H-1), molecularly closed at its unique EcoRI site in pBR322, for three nonoverlapping subgenomic HindIII clones which together span the entire H-1 clone and for a molecularly cloned DNA copy of a portion of rat 30S RNA (which represents the majority of the rat genetic sequences in Ha-MuSV). Molecular hybridization of the 30S clone to small restriction fragments of clone H-1 revealed a 0.9-to-1.0-kilobase pair region in the 5' half of the Ha-MuSV genome not homologous to the 30S clone, although the 30S clone did contain related sequences in Ha-MuSV on both sides of this nonhomologous region. By using cloned sequences from a segment of the Ha-MuSV nonhomology region as a probe for hybridization to Southern blots of DNA from rat, mouse, bat, and chicken cells, one to three bands were detected in DNA of each species. By contrast, the 30S clone DNA was highly related to many sequences in rat DNA, partially related to fewer mouse DNA sequences, and homologous only to one to three bands in bat and chicken DNA. Earlier work had shown that the 5' half of the Ha-MuSV genome coded for transformation and for the viral p21 protein (Chang et al., J. Virol. 35: 76--92, 1980; Wei et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., in press). We used two subgenomic HindIII clones whose shared HindIII site mapped within the 5' region of clone H-1 nonhomologous to the 30S clone to test whether the nonhomologous segment might encode the transforming and p21 functions. Although neither of the subgenomic HindIII fragments by themselves induced transformation, ligation of these two nontransforming DNAs to each other did restore p21-mediated transformation. A conclusion consistent with these results is that a region in the 5' half of the Ha-MuSV genome evolutionarily distinct from and not present in rat 30S RNA is essential for transformation and for p21 encoding.
Analysis of the steroid receptor of Achlya ambisexualis. (1984)

We have previously reported the discovery of a specific high-affinity binding protein for the fungal sex steroid pheromone antheridiol in the cytosol of Achlya ambisexualis male cells.In this report, we describe the fractionation of the binding protein from the cytosol by ammonium sulfate precipitation, the optimization of in vitro conditions for radioligand binding assays, and some of the biochemical properties of the binding protein.In the presence of sodium molybdate, the macromolecule has a sedimentation coefficient of 8.3 S in sucrose grgdients of low ionic strength, a Stokes radius of 56.6 A (Sephacryl S-300 columns), a molecular weight of approximately 192,000, a frictional ratio of 1.5, and an axial ratio of 8.9.The binding protein can be eluted with 0.24 M KC1 as a single peak from DEAE-Sephadex A-25 columns.These results indicate that this steroid-binding protein from a primitive eukaryotic microbe has in vitro biochemical properties that are similar to those of other known steroid receptors in higher organisms.Sexual reproduction among the eukaryotic filamentous fungi, Achlya, is controlled by two steroid pheromones (1).Antheridiol (Fig. 1) is the steroid released by female cells that induces the development and differentiation of the male sex organs or antheridia.In addition, antheridiol also induces the male to synthesize oogoniol which acts upon the female causing the development of oogonia or egg-bearing structures.Fertilization is accomplished by physical contact of the antheridia with the oogonia and is followed by production of diploid oospores.Although several biochemical responses to antheridiol have been studied in some detail (2), the mechanism of its action is unknown.From the results of indirect studies (3) and the results of direct radioligand binding studies recently reported from this laboratory (4), it is highly probable that an initial event in antheridiol-induced sexual morphogenesis is the binding of antheridiol to a cytosolic receptor protein.Thus, the mechanism of action of antheridiol may be quite similar to that of the steroid hormones of vertebrates.In order to test this hypothesis, a knowledge of the biochemical properties of this cytosolic binding protein is a prerequisite.We have characterized some of the biochemical properties of the binding protein and present evidence that the properties of this fungal protein are indeed quite similar to the properties of other steroid hormone receptor molecules.
Progress toward quantum communications networks: opportunities and challenges (2007)

Quantum communications is fast becoming an important component of many applications in quantum information science. Sharing quantum information over a distance among geographically separated nodes using photonic qubits requires a reconfigurable transparent networking infrastructure that can support quantum information services. Using quantum key distribution (QKD) as an example of a quantum communications service, we investigate the ability of fiber networks to support both conventional optical traffic and single-photon quantum communications signals on a shared infrastructure. The effect of Raman scattering from conventional channels on the quantum bit error rate (QBER) of a QKD system is analyzed. Additionally, the potential impact and mitigation strategies of other transmission impairments such as four-wave mixing, cross-phase modulation, and noise from mid-span optical amplifiers are discussed. We also review recent trends toward the development of automated and integrated QKD systems which are important steps toward reliable and manufacturable quantum communications systems.
The Burden of Staphylococcus aureus Infections on Hospitals in the United States (2005)

Staphylococcus aureus infections represent a considerable burden to US hospitals, particularly among high-risk patient populations. The potential benefits to hospitals in terms of reduced use of resources and costs as well as improved outcomes from preventing S aureus infections are significant.
The organization of responsiveness: innovation and recovery in the trading rooms of Lower Manhattan (2003)

What is the organizational basis of responsiveness under conditions of crisis? In this essay we examine a trading room that was damaged in the September 11th attack on the World Trade Center. What did the crisis reveal about the social practices and the technological tools of trading? Drawing on ethnographic field research prior to September 11th, we show how the heterarchical (as opposed to hierarchical) organization of the trading room contributed to innovation on an ongoing basis. Drawing on our subsequent observations in the relocated trading room and focus group discussions with executives in other World Trade Center financial firms, we show that similarly heterarchical features contributed to innovation in response to crisis. Under conditions of radical uncertainty, one cannot know in advance what resources one will need, or even know in advance what might be a resource. Laterally distributed intelligence and a tolerance of multiple registers of valuation and interaction provide generative structures of resourcefulness where the replicative redundancy of contingency planning confronts its limits. We conclude with a brief discussion of the implications of our findings on innovation, location and responsiveness for the changing urban geography of finance and the redevelopment of Lower Manhattan.
Region-Based Dense Depth Extraction from Multi-View Video (2007)

A novel multi-view region-based dense depth map estimation problem is presented, based on a modified plane-sweeping strategy. In this approach, the whole scene is assumed to be region-wise planar. These planar regions are defined by back-projections of the over-segmented homogenous color regions on the images and the plane parameters are determined by angle-sweeping at different depth levels. The position and rotation of the plane patches are estimated robustly by minimizing a segment-based cost function, which considers occlusions, as well. The quality of depth map estimates is measured via reconstruction quality of the conjugate views, after warping segments into these views by the resulting homographies. Finally, a greedy-search algorithm is applied to refine the reconstruction quality and update the plane equations with visibility constraint. Based on the simulation results, it is observed that the proposed algorithm handles large un-textured regions, depth discontinuities at object boundaries, slanted surfaces, as well as occlusions.
Understanding and Exploiting Late Blight Resistance in the Age of Effectors (2011)

Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is the world's third-largest food crop. It severely suffers from late blight, a devastating disease caused by Phytophthora infestans. This oomycete pathogen secretes host-translocated RXLR effectors that include avirulence (AVR) proteins, which are targeted by resistance (R) proteins from wild Solanum species. Most Solanum R genes appear to have coevolved with P. infestans at its center of origin in central Mexico. Various R and Avr genes were recently cloned, and here we catalog characterized R-AVR pairs. We describe the mechanisms that P. infestans employs for evading R protein recognition and discuss partial resistance and partial virulence phenotypes in the context of our knowledge of effector diversity and activity. Genome-wide catalogs of P. infestans effectors are available, enabling effectoromics approaches that accelerate R gene cloning and specificity profiling. Engineering R genes with expanded pathogen recognition has also become possible. Importantly, monitoring effector allelic diversity in pathogen populations can assist in R gene deployment in agriculture.
Clinical prognostic value of combined analysis of Aldh1, Survivin, and EpCAM expression in colorectal cancer (2014)

Our data identified combined expression levels of Aldh1, Survivin, and EpCAM as strong independent prognostic factors, with high hazard ratios, for survival and tumour recurrence in colon cancer patients, and therefore reflect tumour aggressiveness.
Getting the records straight – developments in recordsmanagement (1995)

The growth in the volume of records and developments in technology and business practice are changing the role of records managers. Technology has given users greater power in records creation with a consequent risk of falling standards and possible disastrous failures of systems. The inevitable obsolescence of technologies, their complexity and potential vulnerability require significant effort in the management of the records they create. The necessary analysis of existing processes before implementing systems based on new technologies can in itself show how improvements can be achieved even without changing the technology. Such analysis is essential in the growing area of business process re‐engineering. Changes in business practice include emphasis on quality and service provision. Outsourcing, with its associated requirements for performance measurement, costing and charging out, now embraces records services. These developments affect the records manager′s role in establishing and implementing standards and procedures and require him to be at the forefront of introducing and using new technologies and business practices.
A Defect in Interleukin 12–Induced Activation and Interferon γ Secretion of Peripheral Natural Killer T Cells in Nonobese Diabetic Mice Suggests New Pathogenic Mechanisms for Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (1999)

The function of natural killer T (NKT) cells in the immune system has yet to be determined. There is some evidence that their defect is associated with autoimmunity, but it is still unclear how they play a role in regulating the pathogenesis of T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases. It was originally proposed that NKT cells could control autoimmunity by shifting the cytokine profile of autoimmune T cells toward a protective T helper 2 cell (Th2) type. However, it is now clear that the major function of NKT cells in the immune system is not related to their interleukin (IL)-4 secretion. In fact, NKT cells mainly secrete interferon (IFN)-gamma and, activated in the presence of IL-12, acquire a strong inflammatory phenotype and cytotoxic function.
Opiate receptor knockout mice define μ receptor roles in endogenous nociceptive responses and morphine-induced analgesia (1997)

Morphine produces analgesia at opiate receptors expressed in nociceptive circuits. mu, delta, and kappa opiate receptor subtypes are expressed in circuits that can modulate nociception and receive inputs from endogenous opioid neuropeptide ligands. The roles played by each receptor subtype in nociceptive processing in drug-free and morphine-treated states have not been clear, however. We produced homologous, recombinant mu, opiate receptor, heterozygous and homozygous knockout animals that displayed approximately 54% and 0% of wild-type levels of mu receptor expression, respectively. These mice expressed kappa receptors and delta receptors at near wild-type levels. Untreated knockout mice displayed shorter latencies on tail flick and hot plate tests for spinal and supraspinal nociceptive responses than wild-type mice. These findings support a significant role for endogenous opioid-peptide interactions with mu opiate receptors in normal nociceptive processing. Morphine failed to significantly reduce nociceptive responses in hot plate or tail flick tests of homozygous mu receptor knockout mice, and heterozygote mice displayed right and downward shifts in morphine analgesia dose-effect relationships. These results implicate endogenous opioid-peptide actions at mu opiate receptors in several tests of nociceptive responsiveness and support mu receptor mediation of morphine-induced analgesia in tests of spinal and supraspinal analgesia.
Development and Flight Testing of an Adaptable Vehicle Health-Monitoring Architecture (2004)

Development and testing of an adaptable wireless health-monitoring architecture for a vehicle fleet is presented. It has three operational levels: one or more remote data acquisition units located throughout the vehicle; a command and control unit located within the vehicle; and a terminal collection unit to collect analysis results from all vehicles. Each level is capable of performing autonomous analysis with a trained adaptable expert system. The remote data acquisition unit has an eight channel programmable digital interface that allows the user discretion for choosing type of sensors; number of sensors, sensor sampling rate, and sampling duration for each sensor. The architecture provides framework for a tributary analysis. All measurements at the lowest operational level are reduced to provide analysis results necessary to gauge changes from established baselines. These are then collected at the next level to identify any global trends or common features from the prior level. This process is repeated until the results are reduced at the highest operational level. In the framework, only analysis results are forwarded to the next level to reduce telemetry congestion. The system's remote data acquisition hardware and non-analysis software have been flight tested on the NASA Langley B757's main landing gear.