gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New design of actuator using shear piezoelectricity of a chiral polymer, and prototype device (2010)

Abstract Chiral polymers have been known to exhibit small shear piezoelectricity for about fifty years. However, recently, we reported that poly( L ‐lactic acid) treated with supercritical carbon dioxide (sc‐PLLA), which is a type of chiral polymer, exhibits much higher shear piezoelectricity than other chiral polymers. On the other hand, we found an important difference between motion due to shear piezoelectricity and that due to tensile piezoelectricity in piezoelectric materials through computer simulations. On the basis of these results, we fabricated a new type of electrically controlled tweezers constructed from a pair of sc‐PLLA sheets with shear piezoelectricity. In general, when conventional tweezers open to the left and right, the trajectory of their motion becomes fanlike at the center of the connection (one end of the tweezers). In the new tweezers, the two small sheets making up the tweezers open parallel to each other, without the motion of parts near the connection. Moreover, a prototype ‘finger’ system using sc‐PLLA sheets to realize complex motion in which the finger curled upon stretching of the sc‐PLLA sheets was manufactured as a trial device. Using the prototype finger system, we demonstrated the firm grasping of a sample, but the sample could not be removed from a vessel. Thus, sc‐PLLA increases the likelihood of realizing a device with highly operational pick‐up in a very small region by using the shear piezoelectricity of a chiral polymer. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Structure and properties of new thermoforming bionanocomposites based on chitin whisker‐<i>graft</i>‐polycaprolactone (2009)

Abstract Thermoformable bionanocomposites of chitin whisker‐ graft ‐polycaprolactone (CHW‐ g ‐PCL) were synthesized by initiating the ring‐opening polymerization of caprolactone monomer onto the CHW surface under microwave radiation. In this case, the “graft from” strategy contributed to long and dense “plasticizing” PCL tails onto the CHW surface as the key of thermoforming, and, therefore, such bionanocomposites were injection‐molded as the sheets with a structure of cocontinuous phase mediated with the entanglement of grafted PCL chains. The structure and properties of the molded CHW‐ g ‐PCL sheets were investigated by FTIR, XRD, SEM, DSC, DMTA, contact angle measurement, and tensile test. With an increase of the PCL content in CHW‐ g ‐PCL, the strength and elongation as well as the hydrophobicity of the nanocomposites increased at one time. This is the first report on the thermoformable polymer‐grafted nanocrystal derived from natural polysaccharide. Moreover, such new bionanocomposites with good mechanical performances could have great potential applications. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Architectures for volatile hypertext (1991)

Article Free Access Share on Architectures for volatile hypertext Authors: Mark Bernstein Eastgate Systems, Inc., 134 Main Street, Watertown, MA Eastgate Systems, Inc., 134 Main Street, Watertown, MAView Profile , Jay David Bolter Department of Literature, Communication and Culture, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA Department of Literature, Communication and Culture, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GAView Profile , Michael Joyce Jackson Community College, 2111 Emmons Road, Jackson, MI Jackson Community College, 2111 Emmons Road, Jackson, MIView Profile , Elli Mylonas Project Perseus, Harvard University, 319 Boylston Hall, Cambridge, MA Project Perseus, Harvard University, 319 Boylston Hall, Cambridge, MAView Profile Authors Info & Claims HYPERTEXT '91: Proceedings of the third annual ACM conference on HypertextSeptember 1991 Pages 243–260https://doi.org/10.1145/122974.122999Online:01 September 1991Publication History 38citation737DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations38Total Downloads737Last 12 Months6Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Sources of oestrogen in the testis and reproductive tract of the male (1999)

The cytochrome P450 aromatase (P450arom) is the terminal enzyme responsible for the irreversible transformation of androgens into oestrogens and is present in the endoplasmic reticulum of various tissues throughout at least the phylum of vertebrates. The CYP 19 gene is unique and its expression is regulated in a tissue and more precisely in a cell-specific fashion via the alternative use of several promoters located in the first exons. The P450arom has been immunolocalized in germ cells of the mouse, brown bear and rooster. According to age, aromatase activity has been measured in immature and mature rat Leydig cells as well as in Sertoli cells, whereas in the pig, ram and human aromatase is mainly present in Leydig cells. In the adult rat testis, four complementary approaches (RTPCR, in situ hybridization, immunocytochemistry and the tritiated water assay) demonstrate that not only somatic cells but also mature germ cells represent a source of oestrogen synthesis. Taking into account the widespread distribution of oestrogen receptors (ER alpha & ER beta) in testicular cells and the genital tract of the male on the one hand, and the cross-talk between sex steroids and growth factors, and between membrane receptors and nuclear receptors for steroids on the other hand, it is anticipated that understanding of the pathophysiological roles of these 'female' hormones in the male will advance understanding of the hormonal regulation of male reproductive function. One of the future goals is to define oestrogen-targeted genes in the male gonad and indeed, a lot of work is now focused on this specific area in order to clarify the role of oestrogens in the reproductive tract of the male as well as to elucidate the regulation of aromatase gene expression.
Induction of Th2 Cytokine Expression for p27‐Specific IgA B Cell Responses after Targeted Lymph Node Immunization with Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Antigens in Rhesus Macaques (1998)

To determine if there is an association between the isotype of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-specific B cell responses and the profile of Th1 and Th2 cytokine expression, rhesus macaques were immunized with SIV antigens via the iliac lymph nodes, using a targeted lymph node (TLN) immunization procedure. When CD4+ T cells purified from antigen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells were analyzed, the levels of Th2 cytokine production were gradually increased after the second and third immunizations. However, interferon-gamma production did not change. Analysis of SIV-specific B cell responses revealed that the main isotype was IgG after the second and third immunizations. In addition, a peak of SIV-specific IgA B cell responses was noted following the third immunization. These findings suggest that the induction of Th2 type responses in TLN-immunized rhesus macaques reflects the sequence of initial induction of SIV-specific IgG-producing cells followed by IgA-secreting cells.
DANCING ON BELA LUGOSI'S GRAVE: THE POLITICS AND AESTHETICS OF GOTHIC CLUB DANCING (1999)

The importance of spectacular subcultures here is not that they represent the whole of ‘youth’ in some homogenous ‘youth culture’ but, in their practices of ‘winning space’ within and against the hegemonic order, they constitute fragile, transient and minority forms, issuing symbolic challenges to the dominant culture and its definitions.1
Natural-language processing support for developing policy-governed software systems (2002)

Organizations are policy-driven entities. Policy bases can be very large and the relationships between policies can be complex. In addition, policy can change on a frequent basis. Checking for gaps in policy or analyzing the ramifications of changing policy is necessary to both identify and rectify gaps or unintended policy prior to the policy base being refined into requirements for a system. A policy workbench is an integrated set of computer based tools for developing, reasoning about, and maintaining policy. A workbench takes as input a computationally equivalent form of policy statements. We have developed a prototype of a tool that maps natural language policy statements to an equivalent computational form. The authors describe the architecture of a natural language input-processing tool (NLIPT). It has an extractor, which generates a meaning list representative of the natural language input; an index-term generator, which identifies the key terms used to index relevant policy schema in the policy base; a structural modeler, which structures a schema for input; and a logic modeler, which maps the schema to an equivalent logical form. We experimented with a prototype of the extractor which successfully parsed a sample of ninety-nine Naval Postgraduate School security policy statements with ninety-six percent accuracy.
Increasing the yield and viscosity of exopolysaccharides secreted by Sphingomonas by augmentation of chromosomal genes with multiple copies of cloned biosynthetic genes (2000)

Certain bacteria of the Sphingomonas genus secrete structurally related capsular polysaccharides. Due to their unique properties, three ( gellan, welan and rhamsan ) are produced commercially by submerged fermentation and are used as modifiers of aqueous rheology and as gelling agents. However, conversion of glucose into these polysaccharides is relatively inefficient. To identify general methods for increasing the productivity of Sphingomonas, we augmented the normal chromosomal copy of the phosphoglucomutase gene ( pgm ) and the cluster of genes ( sps ) required for assembly of the carbohydrate repeat unit for strain S7 with multiple copies of plasmids carrying these genes. Although a sixfold increase in Pgm activity only lead to a small percentage increase in conversion of glucose to the S -7 polysaccharide, multiple sps genes caused a nearly 20% increase in the yield from glucose and an even larger increase in culture viscosity. The increased viscosity was accompanied by a change in the sugar composition of the secreted polymer.
An efficient recombination system for chromosome engineering in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2000)

A recombination system has been developed for efficient chromosome engineering in Escherichia coli by using electroporated linear DNA. A defective lambda prophage supplies functions that protect and recombine an electroporated linear DNA substrate in the bacterial cell. The use of recombination eliminates the requirement for standard cloning as all novel joints are engineered by chemical synthesis in vitro and the linear DNA is efficiently recombined into place in vivo. The technology and manipulations required are simple and straightforward. A temperature-dependent repressor tightly controls prophage expression, and, thus, recombination functions can be transiently supplied by shifting cultures to 42 degrees C for 15 min. The efficient prophage recombination system does not require host RecA function and depends primarily on Exo, Beta, and Gam functions expressed from the defective lambda prophage. The defective prophage can be moved to other strains and can be easily removed from any strain. Gene disruptions and modifications of both the bacterial chromosome and bacterial plasmids are possible. This system will be especially useful for the engineering of large bacterial plasmids such as those from bacterial artificial chromosome libraries.
LiMnPO[sub 4] as an Advanced Cathode Material for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries (2009)

LiMnPO4 nanoparticles synthesized by the polyol method were examined as a cathode material for advanced Li-ion batteries. The structure, surface morphology, and performance were characterized by X-ray diffraction, high resolution scanning electron microscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, Raman, Fourier transform IR, and photoelectron spectroscopies, and standard electrochemical techniques. A stable reversible capacity up to 145 mAh g(-1) could be measured at discharge potentials &gt; 4 V vs Li/Li+, with a reasonable capacity retention during prolonged charge/discharge cycling. The rate capability of the LiMnPO4 electrodes studied herein was higher than that of LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 and LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA) in similar experiments and measurements. The active mass studied herein seems to be the least surface reactive in alkyl carbonate/LiPF6 solutions. We attribute the low surface activity of this material, compared to the lithiated transition-metal oxides that are examined and used as cathode materials for Li-ion batteries, to the relatively low basicity and nucleophilicity of the oxygen atoms in the olivine compounds. The thermal stability of the LiMnPO4 material in solutions (measured by differential scanning calorimetry) is much higher compared to that of transition-metal oxide cathodes. This is demonstrated herein by a comparison with NCA electrodes. (C) 2009 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.3125765] All rights reserved.
A Stereospecific Access to Allylic Systems Using Rhodium(II)−Vinyl Carbenoid Insertion into Si−H, O−H, and N−H Bonds (1997)

Rhodium-catalyzed decomposition of α-vinyldiazoesters in the presence of silanes, alcohols, ethers, amines, and thiols have been shown to produce the corresponding α-silyl, α-hydroxy, α-alkoxy, α-amino, and α-thioalkoxy esters in generally good yield with a complete retention of the stereochemistry of the double bond of the diazo precursor. An extension of the process in homochiral series has also been devised using either a chiral auxiliary attached to the ester function or achiral α-vinyldiazoesters and Doyle's chiral catalyst Rh2(MEPY)4. In the former approach, pantolactone as chiral auxiliary gave diastereoselectivities of up to 70%, while the second approach produced the desired allylsilane with ee as high as 72%. On the other hand, Rh2(MEPY)4-catalyzed insertion into the O−H bond of water led to poor or no enantioselectivity in good agreement with recent literature reports.
Modeling Load Dynamics to Support Resiliency-Based Operations in Low-Inertia Microgrids (2018)

Microgrids have repeatedly demonstrated the ability to provide uninterrupted service to critical end-use loads during normal outages, severe weather events, and natural disasters. While their ability to provide critical services is well documented, microgrids present a more dynamic operational environment than grid-connected distribution systems. The electrodynamics of a microgrid are commonly driven by the high inertia of rotating generators, which are common in many microgrids. In such high-inertia systems, the impact of end-use load electromechanical dynamics are often not examined. However, with the increased penetration of inverter-based generation with little or no inertia, it is necessary to consider the impact that the dynamics of the end-use loads have on the operations of microgrids, particularly for a resiliency-based operation. These operations include, but are not limited to, switching operations, loss of generating units, and the starting of induction motors. This paper examines the importance of including multi-state electromechanical dynamic models of the end-use load when evaluating the operations of low inertia microgrids, and shows that by properly representing their behavior, it is possible to cost effectively size equipment while supporting resilient operations of critical end-use loads.
Detection of Proarrhythmia in the Female Rabbit Heart: (2003)

The SCREENIT method properly characterized and quantified prototype cardiovascular drugs and correctly identified proarrhythmic noncardiovascular agents of various mechanisms, but it did not produce false-positive results.
Controlling Signal Transduction with Synthetic Ligands (1993)

Dimerization and oligomerization are general biological control mechanisms contributing to the activation of cell membrane receptors, transcription factors, vesicle fusion proteins, and other classes of intra- and extracellular proteins. Cell permeable, synthetic ligands were devised that can be used to control the intracellular oligomerization of specific proteins. To demonstrate their utility, these ligands were used to induce intracellular oligomerization of cell surface receptors that lacked their transmembrane and extracellular regions but contained intracellular signaling domains. Addition of these ligands to cells in culture resulted in signal transmission and specific target gene activation. Monomeric forms of the ligands blocked the pathway. This method of ligand-regulated activation and termination of signaling pathways has the potential to be applied wherever precise control of a signal transduction pathway is desired.
A Trust Management Package for Policy-Driven Protection &amp;#x00026; Personalization of Web Content (2008)

This paper presents an advanced approach to access control on the Web. It presents an easy deployable package that exploits emerging trust negotiation approaches by integrating them in a Web scenario. In such a scenario advance decisions can be made based on expressive conditions, including credentials exchanged among entities in order to establish enough trust to be granted access to a resource, while preserving the privacy of information released. In addition, policies can be used in scripting languages such as JSP in order to personalize dynamically generated content, based on locally stored information or requester information obtained through negotiations. Furthermore, using policies allows us to make use of many of the results in the area, including policy verification techniques and the use of our automatically generated natural language explanations describing e.g., the requirements to be satisfied before access to a resource is granted or why a previous attempt has been denied.
Using Isothiazolone Biocides to Control Microbial and Fungal Contaminants in Plant Tissue Cultures (1998)

Controlling bacterial and fungal contamination in plant tissue cultures is a serious problem. Antibiotics are currently used but are not always effective, can alter plant growth, and are costly, and resistant strains can result with extensive use. Plant preservative mixture (PPM) contains a mixture of two isothiazolones—methylchloroisothiazolinone and methylisothiazolinone, which are a class of broad-spectrum, widely used industrial biocides. The isothiazolones used in PPM are reported by the manufacturer to be nonphytotoxic at concentrations suitable for the prophylactic control of microbial contaminants in plant tissue cultures. Our results indicate that PPM can be routinely added to tissue culture medium to control air- and waterborne bacterial and fungal contaminants effectively.
The Vilsmeier Reaction of Methylpyrimidine Derivatives (1970)

The Vilsmeier reaction (POCl3 and dimethylformamide) on the active methyl group in pyrimidine derivatives was examined with 4-methyl-2-phenyl-(IIIa), 4-methyl-6-phenyl-(IIIb), 2-methyl-4-phenyl-(IIIc), and 4-methyl-pyrimidine (IIId). These compounds all afforded the corresponding malonaldehyde compounds (Va-d) in a fair yield. In the case of IIId, a minute amount of 4-aminopyridine-3-aldehyde (VIII), formed by the recyclization of the ring, was obtained. Similar reaction was carried out with 2, 6-dimethyl-4-pyrimidone (IIIf), and 4-chloro-2, 6-dimethyl-(IIIg), and 2, 6-dimethyl-4-dimethylamino-pyrimidine (IIIh). IIIf and IIIg afforded 4-dimethylamino-2-methylpyrimidine-6-malonaldehyde (XI) produced by the attack on the methyl group in 6-position, and IIIh afforded the isomer (XII) of XI formed by the attack on the methyl group in 2-position.
Comparative Analysis of Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus cereus, and Related Species on the Basis of Reverse Transcriptase Sequencing of 16S rRNA (1991)

The primary structures of the 16S rRNAs of Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus mycoides, and Bacillus thuringiensis were determined by using the reverse transcription-dideoxy sequencing method. All of the strains exhibited very high levels of sequence similarity (greater than 99%) that were consistent with the close relationships shown by previous DNA hybridization studies. The sequences of B. anthracis Sterne and B. cereus emetic strain NCTC 11143 were found to be identical for a continuous stretch of 1,446 bases and differed from the sequence of B. cereus NCDO 1771T (T = type strain) by only a single nucleotide. The 16S rRNA sequences of B. mycoides and B. thuringiensis differed from each other and from the sequences of B. anthracis and B. cereus by four to nine nucleotides.
Mutation analysis of the RET receptor tyrosine kinase in Hirschsprung disease (1995)

Hirschsprung disease (HSCR), or congenital aganglionic megacolon, is the most common cause of congenital bowel obstruction with an incidence of 1 in 5000 live births. Recently, linkage of an incompletely penetrant, dominant form of HSCR was reported, followed by identification of mutations in the RET receptor tyrosine kinase. To determine the frequency of RET mutations in HSCR and correlate genotype with phenotype, we have screened for mutations among 80 HSCR probands representing a wide range of phenotypes and family structures. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis of RET's 20 exons for mutations among probands revealed eight putative mutations (10%). Sequence changes, which included missense, frameshift and complex mutations, were detected in both familial and isolated cases, among patients with both long- and short-segment HSCR and in three kindreds with other phenotypes (maternal deafness, talipes and malrotation of the gut, respectively). Two mutations (C609Y and C620R) we identified have previously been associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN2A), medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) and, on rare occasions, HSCR. Thus, while HSCR family members may be at risk for developing neuroendocrine tumors, it follows that identical mutations in RET may be able to participate in the pathogenesis of distinct phenotypes. Our data suggest that: (i) the overall frequency of RET mutations in HSCR patients is low and therefore, other genetic and/or environmental determinants contribute to the majority of HSCR susceptibility, and (ii) at present, there is no obvious relationship between RET genotype and HSCR phenotype.
Histone Methyltransferase hSETD1A Is a Novel Regulator of Metastasis in Breast Cancer (2014)

This study reveals that hSETD1A controls tumor metastasis by activating MMP expression and provides an epigenetic link among hSETD1A, MMPs, and metastasis of breast cancer.
Polymerization of Ethylene Oxide with Alkyllithium Compounds and the Phosphazene Base “<i>t</i>BuP<sub>4</sub>” (1996)

Well‐defined poly(ethylene oxide)s with low polydispersities are formed in the anionic polymerization of ethylene oxide with an alkyllithium/phosphazene base initiator system. The base can be regarded as a cryptand for Li + ions. The equilibrium between complexed alkoxide ion pairs and reactive free anions is thus shifted.
Fatty acid oxidation, substrate shuttles, and activity of the citric acid cycle in hepatocellular carcinomas of varying differentiation. (1976)

President Roosevelt sends his thanks for the "beautiful set of tea things" and believes that the progress of Japan is "one of the most remarkable features of the time."