gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Perspectives on the synthesis and application of triple-helical, collagen-model peptides (1996)

Collagens can be distinguished from other proteins based on their triple-helical structure. Synthetic peptide models have been developed to better understand the triple helix structurally and to evaluate the triple helix as a recognition element for biological processes. Associated triple-helical peptides were first designed and assembled by solid-phase methodology in the late 1960s. Such peptides were used for triple-helical structural characterization by CD, nmr, and ir spectroscopies, and x-ray crystallography, and for studying the structural preferences of hydroxylases. In the late 1970s, methods were developed for covalently linking the three strands of triple-helical peptides. One benefit of "branched" peptides was the enhancement of triple-helical thermal stability. The incorporation of specific collagen sequences into thermally stable synthetic triple helices in the early 1990s has allowed for the mechanistic investigation of collagen-mediated cell adhesion and platelet aggregation. In time, discriminatory therapeutics may result from the continued exploration and further understanding of the biological effects of collagen primary, secondary, and tertiary structures via triple-helical peptide models.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Chlorophylls and Pheophytins in Plant Extracts (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpectrophotometric Determination of Chlorophylls and Pheophytins in Plant ExtractsL. P. VernonCite this: Anal. Chem. 1960, 32, 9, 1144–1150Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1960https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60165a029Request reuse permissions Article Views3713Altmetric-Citations551LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (846 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Crystal Structure of the Adenylyl Cyclase Activator G <sub>s</sub> <sub>α</sub> (1997)

The crystal structure of Gsalpha, the heterotrimeric G protein alpha subunit that stimulates adenylyl cyclase, was determined at 2.5 A in a complex with guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (GTPgammaS). Gsalpha is the prototypic member of a family of GTP-binding proteins that regulate the activities of effectors in a hormone-dependent manner. Comparison of the structure of Gsalpha.GTPgammaS with that of Gialpha.GTPgammaS suggests that their effector specificity is primarily dictated by the shape of the binding surface formed by the switch II helix and the alpha3-beta5 loop, despite the high sequence homology of these elements. In contrast, sequence divergence explains the inability of regulators of G protein signaling to stimulate the GTPase activity of Gsalpha. The betagamma binding surface of Gsalpha is largely conserved in sequence and structure to that of Gialpha, whereas differences in the surface formed by the carboxyl-terminal helix and the alpha4-beta6 loop may mediate receptor specificity.
Non-Surgical Fat Reduction and Topical Modulation of Adipose Tissue Physiology (2019)

Non-surgical fat reduction procedures have gained in popularity over the past few years and remain in great demand. The process results in accumulation of breakdown products, lipid droplets, that are slowly absorbed over a period of months. This paper outlines the physiological process whereby lipid droplets are absorbed through a process of autophagy (lipophagy) involving a repackaging of these droplets to smaller sizes so that macrophages can then cope with digestion of these very large particles. Furthermore, a fat compartment is described within the dermis surrounding the tail of the hair follicle, which is attracting much attention due to its unique phenotype, function, and connection to the deeper subcutaneous fat compartment. This provides an entry route for direct signaling to the subcutaneous fat. Related to these novel concepts, peptides can be designed in liposomal delivery systems to target lipid droplet breakdown via the hair follicle entry route. This concept is elucidated in this paper. J Drugs Dermatol. 2019;18(4):375-380.
The Medicinal Chemistry of Oligonucleotides (2007)

This review will focus on the properties that an oligonucleotide drug must have, the many modifications available to the medicinal chemist to engineer those properties into the oligonucleotide, and finally on motifs that have been utilized in oligonucleotide drugs and drug candidates. No attempt has been made to be exhaustively complete in the coverage. We have instead highlighted properties of modifications, and strategies that we feel are likely to be successful in drug development, of value to the field, as well as those that add to the understanding of oligonucleotide medicinal chemistry. Much of the discussion centers around RNase H-based antisense therapeutics, since most of the efforts to optimize oligonucleotide drugs has focused on that application. However, the chemical modifications and principles apply equally to other classes of oligonucleotide drugs, including immunostimulatory motifs, aptamers, microRNA inhibitors, and duplex small interfering RNAs (siRNAs).
Phase-locked loop circuit design (1991)

This book introduces phase-locked loop applications and circuit design. Drawing theory and practice together, it emphasizes electronics design tools and circuits, using specific design examples, addresses the practical details that lead to a working design. Wolaver assumes no specilized knowledge in the area covered, reviewing basics as necessary; makes heavy use of figures to support the understanding of phase-locked loop theory and circuit operation; extensively discusses frequency acquisition means, an intensely nonlinear phenomenon; treats injection locking, a practical and often confounding problem; and takes a unique approach to characterizing the phase-locked loop parameters.
Semantic Enrichment for Building Information Modeling: Procedure for Compiling Inference Rules and Operators for Complex Geometry (2017)

Semantic enrichment of building models adds meaningful domain-specific or application-specific information to a digital building model. It is applicable to solving interoperability problems and to compilation of models from point cloud data. The SeeBIM (Semantic Enrichment Engine for BIM) prototype software encapsulates domain expert knowledge in computer readable rules for inference of object types, identity and aggregation of systems. However, it is limited to axis-aligned bounding box geometry and the adequacy of its rule-sets cannot be guaranteed. This paper solves these drawbacks by (1) devising a new procedure for compiling inference rule sets that are known a priori to be adequate for complete and thorough classification of model objects, and (2) enhancing the operators to compute complex geometry and enable precise topological rule processing. The procedure for compiling adequate rule sets is illustrated using a synthetic concrete highway bridge model. A real-world highway bridge model, with 333 components of 13 different types and compiled from a laser scanned point cloud, is used to validate the approach and test the enhanced SeeBIM system. All of the elements are classified correctly, demonstrating the efficacy of the approach to semantic enrichment.
Buckled and Wavy Ribbons of GaAs for High‐Performance Electronics on Elastomeric Substrates (2006)

Single-crystalline GaAs ribbons with thicknesses in the sub-micrometer range are fabricated with well-defined “wavy” (top) and “buckled” (bottom) geometries (see figure and inside cover). The resulting structures, on the surface of or embedded in an elastomeric substrate, exhibit reversible stretchability and compressibility to strains >10%, more than five times larger than that of GaAs itself. By integrating ohmic and Schottky contacts, high-performance stretchable electronic devices (e.g., metal semiconductor field-effect transistors) can be achieved.
Rationale for enteroviral vaccination and antiviral therapies in human type 1 diabetes (2019)

In type 1 diabetes, pancreatic beta cells are destroyed by chronic autoimmune responses. The disease develops in genetically susceptible individuals, but a role for environmental factors has been postulated. Viral infections have long been considered as candidates for environmental triggers but, given the lack of evidence for an acute, widespread, cytopathic effect in the pancreas in type 1 diabetes or for a closely related temporal association of diabetes onset with such infections, a role for viruses in type 1 diabetes remains unproven. Moreover, viruses have rarely been isolated from the pancreas of individuals with type 1 diabetes, mainly (but not solely) due to the inaccessibility of the organ. Here, we review past and recent literature to evaluate the proposals that chronic, recurrent and, possibly, persistent enteroviral infections occur in pancreatic beta cells in type 1 diabetes. We also explore whether these infections may be sustained by different virus strains over time and whether multiple viral hits can occur during the natural history of type 1 diabetes. We emphasise that only a minority of beta cells appear to be infected at any given time and that enteroviruses may become replication defective, which could explain why they have been isolated from the pancreas only rarely. We argue that enteroviral infection of beta cells largely depends on the host innate and adaptive immune responses, including innate responses mounted by beta cells. Thus, we propose that viruses could play a role in type 1 diabetes on multiple levels, including in the triggering and chronic stimulation of autoimmunity and in the generation of inflammation and the promotion of beta cell dysfunction and stress, each of which might then contribute to autoimmunity, as part of a vicious circle. We conclude that studies into the effects of vaccinations and/or antiviral drugs (some of which are currently on-going) is the only means by which the role of viruses in type 1 diabetes can be finally proven or disproven.
The Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand and Receptor Families (1996)

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and lymphotoxin-α were isolated more than 10 years ago, on the basis of their ability to kill tumor cells in vitro and to cause hemorrhagic necrosis of transplantable tumors in mice.1 The complementary DNAs and genes encoding each protein were cloned immediately thereafter.2,3 Concurrently, a factor known as cachectin was isolated from mouse macrophages, sequenced, and shown to be identical to TNF.4,5 Cachectin was identified not as a cytolysin, but as a catabolic hormone that suppressed the expression of lipoprotein lipase and other anabolic enzymes in fat.68 Still other studies demonstrated the powerful . . .
A high-throughput, quantitative cell-based screen for efficient tailoring of RNA device activity (2012)

Recent advances have demonstrated the use of RNA-based control devices to program sophisticated cellular functions; however, the efficiency with which these devices can be quantitatively tailored has limited their broader implementation in cellular networks. Here, we developed a high-efficiency, high-throughput and quantitative two-color fluorescence-activated cell sorting-based screening strategy to support the rapid generation of ribozyme-based control devices with user-specified regulatory activities. The high-efficiency of this screening strategy enabled the isolation of a single functional sequence from a library of over 10 6 variants within two sorting cycles. We demonstrated the versatility of our approach by screening large libraries generated from randomizing individual components within the ribozyme device platform to efficiently isolate new device sequences that exhibit increased in vitro cleavage rates up to 10.5-fold and increased in vivo activation ratios up to 2-fold. We also identified a titratable window within which in vitro cleavage rates and in vivo gene-regulatory activities are correlated, supporting the importance of optimizing RNA device activity directly in the cellular environment. Our two-color fluorescence-activated cell sorting-based screen provides a generalizable strategy for quantitatively tailoring genetic control elements for broader integration within biological networks.
Long-lasting subjective effects of LSD in normal subjects (2017)

Registration identification number: NCT01878942.
GaN heteroepitaxial growth on silicon nitride buffer layers formed on Si (111) surfaces by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (1998)

Wurtzite GaN films were grown on silicon nitride buffer layers formed on Si (111) substrates by radio frequency plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. Reflection high energy electron diffraction, Auger electron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and photoluminescence results indicate that the single crystalline wurtzite GaN was grown on the buffer layers of amorphouslike silicon nitride formed on Si (111) substrates by taking the following relationship with the substrate: GaN [0001]//Si [111] and GaN (1̄1̄20)//Si (11̄0). Both faces of the silicon nitride buffer layer were found to be flat and sharp, the thickness of the buffer layer (1–1.5 nm) being constant across the interface. Efficient bound exciton emission was observed at 3.46 eV. The growth technique described was found to be simple but very powerful for growing high quality GaN films on Si substrates.
WHSC1 Promotes Oncogenesis through Regulation of NIMA-Related Kinase-7 in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck (2014)

WHSC1 possesses oncogenic functions in SCCHN and represents a potential molecular target for the treatment of SCCHN.
Pronociceptive and Antinociceptive Neuromediators in Patellar Tendinopathy (2006)

The altered sensory-sympathetic innervation suggests a role in the pathophysiology of tendinopathy. Ingrowth of sprouting substance P fibers presumably reflects a nociceptive and maybe a proliferative role, possibly as reactions to repeated microtraumata, whereas the decreased occurrence of tyroxin hydroxylase may represent a reduced antinociceptive role. These findings could be used to develop targeted pharmacotherapy for the specific treatment of tendinopathy.
Adhesion of K99-positive Escherichia coli to intestinal brush borders of pigs. (1986)

Ileal samples from 242 pigs, collected at 3 Michigan slaughterhouses, were studied to determine the prevalence of intestinal receptors for K99-positive Escherichia coli. A brush border adhesion test was used to identify the receptors. Of the 242 samples examined, receptors were demonstrated in 230 (95%). After storage of brush border preparations at 4 C, bacterial aggregates lacking identifiable brush border fragments were present in samples tested for adhesion, indicating that K99 receptors may be released from brush border membranes. Seemingly, most, if not all, pigs have intestinal receptors for K99 pili, and an inheritance pattern similar to that observed for K88 receptors probably does not exist for K99 receptors.
A joint model of intent determination and slot filling for spoken language understanding (2016)

Two major tasks in spoken language understanding (SLU) are intent determination (ID) and slot filling (SF). Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) have been proved effective in SF, while there is no prior work using RNNs in ID. Based on the idea that the intent and semantic slots of a sentence are correlative, we propose a joint model for both tasks. Gated recurrent unit (GRU) is used to learn the representation of each time step, by which the label of each slot is predicted. Meanwhile, a max-pooling layer is employed to capture global features of a sentence for intent classification. The representations are shared by two tasks and the model is trained by a united loss function. We conduct experiments on two datasets, and the experimental results demonstrate that our model outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches on both tasks.
초등학교와 중학교 특수학급 학생과 일반학급 학생의 학교폭력 경향에 대한 특수교사와 일반교사의 인식비교 (2013)

본 연구의 목적은 초등학교와 중학교 특수학급 학생과 일반학급 학생의 학교폭력과 학교폭력 예방전략의 효과에 대한 특수교사와 일반교사의 인식을 비교하는 것이었다. 연구대상은 일반 초등학교 34개교와 중학교 37개교에 재직 중인 특수학급 교사 133명과 일반학급 교사 151명을 편의군집표집하였다. 설문지를 통해 자료를 수집하고, 두 독립표본 t검증을 적용하여 분석한 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 특수학급 교사가 일반학급교사에 비해 특수학급 학생의 학교폭력 가해경향을 더높게 인식하였다. 둘째, 특수학급 학생의 학교폭력 피해경향에 대한 인식에 있어서 특수학급 교사와 일반학급 교사 집단 간 차이가 없었다. 셋째, 일반학급 교사가 특수학급 교사에 비해 일반학급 학생의 학교폭력 가해경향을 더 높게 인식하였다. 넷째, 일반학급 교사가 특수학급 교사에 비해 일반학급 학생의 학교폭력 피해경향을 더 높게 인식하였다. 다섯째, 일반학급 교사가 특수학급 교사에 비해 학교폭력의 예방전략을 더 효과적으로 인식하였다. 본 연구결과에 근거하여 학교폭력의 예방전략에 대해 논의하였다.
Real‐time PCR (qPCR) primer design using free online software (2011)

Real-time PCR (quantitative PCR or qPCR) has become the preferred method for validating results obtained from assays which measure gene expression profiles. The process uses reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), coupled with fluorescent chemistry, to measure variations in transcriptome levels between samples. The four most commonly used fluorescent chemistries are SYBR® Green dyes and TaqMan®, Molecular Beacon or Scorpion probes. SYBR® Green is very simple to use and cost efficient. As SYBR® Green dye binds to any double-stranded DNA product, its success depends greatly on proper primer design. Many types of online primer design software are available, which can be used free of charge to design desirable SYBR® Green-based qPCR primers. This laboratory exercise is intended for those who have a fundamental background in PCR. It addresses the basic fluorescent chemistries of real-time PCR, the basic rules and pitfalls of primer design, and provides a step-by-step protocol for designing SYBR® Green-based primers with free, online software.
A sequential 10-day regimen was better than standard triple therapy for eradicating <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> in older patients (2006)

Source Citation Zullo A, Gatta L, De Francesco V, et al. High rate of Helicobacter pylori eradication with sequential therapy in elderly patients with peptic ulcer: a prospective controlled study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2005;21:1419-24. 15948808
Resonant Raman Scattering by Crystal-Violet Molecules Adsorbed on a Smooth Gold Surface: Evidence for a Charge-Transfer Excitation (1986)

We report here measurements of excitation-profile spectra for Raman scattering from the central-carbon breathing mode of crystal violet adsorbed on a smooth gold surface. For polarization configurations that involve the $xx(or yy)$ component of the Raman tensor, the spectra exhibit a resonance peak corresponding to the first singlet $\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{*}$ electronic excitation of adsorbed crystal-violet ions. The spectrum for the $\mathrm{zz}$ component does not exhibit this feature, but rather exhibits a steadily increasing scattering intensity with wavelength, that is attributed to an "intermolecular" charge-transfer electronic excitation.
Turning Carbon Nanotubes from Exceptional Heat Conductors into Insulators (2009)

Thermal conductivity (kappa) of isolated carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is higher than the kappa of diamond; however, in this Letter we show that the kappa of a packed bed of three-dimensional random networks of single and multiwall CNTs is smaller than that of thermally insulating amorphous polymers. The thermoelectric power (Sigma) of the random network of CNTs was also measured. The Sigma of a single wall nanotube network is very similar to that of isolated nanotubes and, in contrast with kappa, Sigma shows a strong dependence on the tube diameter.
Time domain characterization of oscillating sensors: Application of frequency counting to resonance frequency determination (2002)

A frequency counting technique is described for determining the resonance frequency of a transiently excited sensor; the technique is applicable to any sensor platform where the characteristic resonance frequency is the parameter of interest. The sensor is interrogated by a pulse-like excitation signal, and the resonance frequency of the sensor subsequently determined by counting the number of oscillations per time during sensor ring-down. A repetitive time domain interrogation technique is implemented to overcome the effects of sensor damping, such as that associated with mass loading, which reduces the duration of the sensor ring-down and hence the measurement resolution. The microcontroller based, transient frequency counting technique is detailed with application to the monitoring of magnetoelastic sensors [C. A. Grimes, D. Kouzoudis, and C. Mungle, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 71, 3822 (2000)], with a measurement resolution of 0.001% achieved in approximately 40 ms.
Invar MEMS milliactuator for hard disk drive application (2002)

High-bandwidth servo actuation of the recording head is necessary for future high areal recording density hard-disk drives. The "piggy-back" actuation scheme, in which a MEMS milliactuator is used as the secondary actuator, is a promising solution. There are several requirements for the milliactuator in this application, including thermal stability to ensure wide-range operation temperature, and a vertical/horizontal directional selectivity of the stiffness, which needs high-aspect-ratio structures. To meet the thermal stability requirement, a low-thermal-expansion-alloy (Invar) electro-deposition process was developed. High-aspect-ratio etching technology was also established to define a thick and high-aspect-ratio structure. The milliactuator was designed, fabricated and characterized, and the measured frequency response indicated that the device is suitable for use as a servo actuator.