gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structural characterization of monophosphoryl lipid A homologs obtained from Salmonella minnesota Re595 lipopolysaccharide. (1990)

Sixteen monophosphoryl Lipid A (MLA) homologs obtained from the lipopolysaccharides of Salmonella minnesota Re595 were separated by preparative thin layer chromatography into eight fractions. The components of these fractions were analyzed directly (or as structural analogs) and characterized by mass spectrometry. Molecular weights were determined by negative and positive ion fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry and component structures were assigned following a study of fragmentation and metastable ion kinetic energy spectrometry. One fraction (TLC-8) contained a single heptaacyl MLA of Mr = 1,954, a structure previously elucidated (Qureshi, N., Mascagni, P., Ribi, E., and Takayama, K. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 5271-5278). The remaining seven fractions contained 15 additional MLAs with decreasing acylation. Two of these components have been previously reported in S. minnesota and Salmonella typhimurium. Three of the eight TLC fractions (TLC-8, -7, -6) were found to be biologically active toward human platelets inducing their aggregation and secretion of serotonin. All tested fractions induced varying degrees of phosphorylation of a platelet protein of Mr = 47,000 (P47) reflecting protein kinase C activation (Grabarek, J., Her, G. R., Reinhold, V. N., and Hawiger, J. J. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 8117-8121).
Survey of closed queueing networks with blocking (1990)

Closed queueing networks are frequently used to model complex service systems such as production systems, communication systems, computer systems, and flexible manufacturing systems. When limitations are imposed on the queue sizes (i.e., finite queues), a phenomenon called blocking occurs. Queueing networks with blocking are, in general, difficult to treat. Exact closed form solutions have been reported only in a few special cases. Hence, most of the techniques that are used to analyze such queueing networks are in the form of approximations, numerical analysis, and simulation. In this paper, we give a systematic presentation of the literature related to closed queueing networks with finite queues. The results are significant for both researchers and practitioners.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A REVISED MEASURE OF ADLERIAN SOCIAL INTEREST (2006)

The Social Interest Index (SII; Greever, Tseng, &amp; Friedland, 1973) is the most frequently used measure of Adler's (1964) most important personality trait, and recent research has suggested that it may be the most valid among social interest measures available to researchers and therapists (Bass, Curlette, Kern, &amp; McWilliams, 2002). Nevertheless, the SII has been criticized for key aspects of its construct validity (i.e., content validity and factorial validity). It was the purpose of this research to offer researchers a dramatically shortened version of the SII by eliminating poor items and yet without a loss in reliability or criterion validity. Several studies resulted in an 11-item short form of the SII that retains the scale's desirable psychometric qualities.
Modern Grid Strategy: Enhanced GridLAB-D Capabilities (Final Report) (2009)

GridLAB-D is a software simulation environment that was initially developed by the US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Electricity (OE) for the purpose of enabling the effective analysis of emerging smart grid technologies. In order to achieve this goal GridLAB-D was developed using an open source approach with the intent that numerous people and organizations would contribute to the ongoing development. Because of the breadth and complexity of the emerging smart grid technologies the inclusion of multiple groups of developers is essential in order to address the many aspects of the smart grid. As part of the continuing Modern Grid Strategy (MGS) the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) has been tasked with developing an advanced set of GridLAB-D capabilities. These capabilities were developed to enable the analysis of complex use case studies which will allow for multi-disciplinary analysis of smart grid operations. The advanced capabilities which were developed include the implementation of an unbalanced networked power flow algorithm, the implementation of an integrated transmission and distribution system solver, and a set of use cases demonstrating the capabilities of the new solvers.
Adaptive variational sinogram interpolation of sparsely sampled CT data (2006)

We present various kinds of variational PDE based methods to interpolate missing sinogram data for tomographic image reconstruction. Using the observed sinogram data we inpaint the projection data by diffusion. To overcome the problem of contour blurring we consider nonlinear and anisotropic diffusion based regularizes and include optical flow information in order to preserve the sinusoidal traces corresponding to object contours in the reconstructed image. We compare our results to a spectral deconvolution based interpolation and show that the method can easily be extended to 3D
Quantitation of HLA Class II Protein Incorporated into Human Immunodeficiency Type 1 Virions Purified by Anti-CD45 Immunoaffinity Depletion of Microvesicles (2003)

Among the many host cell-derived proteins found in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), HLA class II (HLA-II) appears to be selectively incorporated onto virions and may contribute to mechanisms of indirect imunopathogenesis in HIV infection and AIDS. However, the amount of HLA-II on the surface of HIV-1 particles has not been reliably determined due to contamination of virus preparations by microvesicles containing host cell proteins, including HLA-II. Even rigorous sucrose density centrifugation is unable to completely separate HIV-1 from microvesicles. CD45, a leukocyte integral membrane protein, is found on microvesicles, yet appears to be excluded from HIV-1 particles. Exploiting this observation, we have developed a CD45-based immunoaffinity depletion method for removing CD45-containing microvesicles that yields highly purified preparations of virions. Examination of CD45-depleted HIV-1(MN) by high-pressure liquid chromatography, protein sequencing, and amino acid analyses determined a molar ratio of HLA-II to Gag of 0.04 to 0.05 in the purified virions, corresponding to an estimated average of 50 to 63 native HLA-II complexes (i.e., a dimer of alpha and beta heterodimers) per virion. These values are approximately 5- to 10-fold lower than those previously determined for other virion preparations that contained microvesicles. Our observations demonstrate the utility of CD45 immunoaffinity-based approaches for producing highly purified retrovirus preparations for applications that would benefit from the use of virus that is essentially free of microvesicles.
Noninvasive biomarkers for the diagnosis of steatohepatitis and advanced fibrosis in NAFLD (2013)

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of abnormal liver enzymes in both adults and children. NAFLD has a histologic spectrum ranging from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), advanced fibrosis, and cirrhosis. It is imperative to distinguish simple steatosis from NASH since the latter has a progressive disease course and can lead to end-stage liver disease. Liver biopsy has been considered as the gold standard for the diagnosis of NASH. However, liver biopsy is invasive, costly, and can rarely cause significant morbidity (risk of morbidity, 0.06-0.35%; risk of mortality, 0.1-0.01%). Imaging studies such as ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging have limited sensitivity in detecting steatosis and cannot distinguish steatosis from NASH. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) has been used as a surrogate marker for liver injuries. However, ALT is not an ideal marker for either diagnosis of NAFLD or distinguishing steatosis from NASH. Better noninvasive biomarkers or panels of biomarkers that are cheaper, reliable, and reproducible are urgently needed for patients with NASH to assist in establishing diagnosis, providing risk information, and monitoring disease progression and treatment response. In this article, we plan to concisely review the current advances in the use of biomarkers for the diagnosis of NASH.
Miniature Mach-Zehnder InGaAsP quantum well waveguide interferometers for 1.3 mu m (1990)

Electrooptic Mach-Zehnder interferometers with active lengths as small as 350 mu m are discussed. These strip-loaded waveguide devices utilize the electrooptic effect in InGaAsP/InP quantum wells to achieve pi phase shift with single arm drive voltages of 12 V and 6 V drive in push-pull operation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
EM Modeling of Microstrip Conductor Losses Including Surface Roughness Effect (2007)

This letter presents a method to model conductor losses in transmission lines utilizing a commercial full wave solver. The lines consist of multilayered metallization with inherent surface roughness. Metal thickness is assumed to be larger than skin depth. To validate accuracy of the modeling, the measurements of a 50-Omega microstrip line and edge-coupled microstrip filter are provided, with random errors taken into account. Good correlation between the modeled results and measurements has been demonstrated from this comparison
Stereoselective Synthesis of β‐Substituted β‐Amino Sulfones and Sulfonamides via Addition of Sulfonyl Anions to Chiral N‐Sulfinyl Imines. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Technology of Seperation and Purified of Leydig Cells from Rat Testes (2004)

Objective In order to investigate the rat Leydig cells and the regulate factors of this kind of cells.By using the method of purification of rat Leydig cells which was described in this paper,we could obtain highly purer rat Leydig cells (60%～85%,even more than 95%). Methods We could obtain highly purer rat Leydig cells in an easier way by a four-layer discontinuous Percoll gradients(26,34,40,and 60% Percoll in PBS)centrifugation. Results This method of separation of rat Leydig cells by a four-layer discontinuous Percoll gradients centrifugation could isolatate a higher degree of purity (60%～85%,even more than 90%) of rat Leydig cells. Conclusions In contrast with the other methods,although this purification of rat Leydig cells described in this paper could not separate a highest degree of purity(more than 95%) of rat Leydig cells,but this method could obtain a higher purity (60%～85%,even more than 90%)by simple equipments in a shorter time,which satisfied the requirements of the experiments completely, and we also investigate this cells more by using the rat Leydig cells clone which was obtained with culturing the purified rat Leydig cells which possessed all biological charactors in vitro
Thrombospondins: structure and regulation of expression (1992)

Thrombospondin (TSP) is a large, trimeric, modular glycoprotein that is a major constituent of platelet α granules. TSP is also secreted by a wide variety of epithelial and mesenchymal cells in patterns that reflect developmental changes in the embryo and response to injury in the adult. In addition to its role in blood coagulation, TSP has been reported to serve both adhesive and anti‐adhesive functions, to foster neurite outgrowth, stimulate and inhibit cell growth and migration, and inhibit angiogenesis. Although this diversity in apparent function can be attributed, in part, to the ability of a single TSP to interact with several different cell‐surface receptors, it is now known that the TSPs are encoded by at least three homologous genes in both human and mouse. TSP1, the commonly recognized protein isolated from platelets, is similar to TSP2 in structure. Both proteins contain NH 2 ‐terminal, COOH‐terminal, and procollagen homology domains, and type I (TSP or properdin), type II (EGF‐like), and type III (Ca 2+ ‐binding) repeats. However, the two TSPs differ in amino acid sequence and in the regulation of their expression. TSP1 is rapidly induced by serum and growth factors. An SRE and a binding site for NF‐Y have been shown to mediate the serum response of the human TSP1 gene. On the other hand, TSP2 is far less responsive to serum than TSP1 and lacks the promoter elements that mediate the serum responsiveness of TSP1. TSP3 resembles TSP1 and TSP2 in its COOH‐terminal domain and type III repeats, but contains four rather than three type II repeats and lacks type I repeats and a procollagen homology. The NH 2 ‐terminal domain of TSP3 also differs from that of either TSP1 or TSP2. All three TSPs demonstrate characteristic patterns of expression in the developing and adult mouse. It is therefore likely that each protein subserves a discrete function. In the future it will be necessary to distinguish among the three TSPs in addressing the function of these proteins.— Bornstein, P. The thrombospondins: structure and regulation of expression. FASEB J. 6: 3290‐3299; 1992.
Bacterial communities associated with honeybee food stores are correlated with land use (2018)

Microbial communities, associated with almost all metazoans, can be inherited from the environment. Although the honeybee (<i>Apis mellifera</i> L.) gut microbiome is well documented, studies of the gut focus on just a small component of the bee microbiome. Other key areas such as the comb, propolis, honey, and stored pollen (bee bread) are poorly understood. Furthermore, little is known about the relationship between the pollinator microbiome and its environment. Here we present a study of the bee bread microbiome and its relationship with land use. We estimated bacterial community composition using both Illumina MiSeq DNA sequencing and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Illumina was used to gain a deeper understanding of precise species diversity across samples. DGGE was used on a larger number of samples where the costs of MiSeq had become prohibitive and therefore allowed us to study a greater number of bee breads across broader geographical axes. The former demonstrates bee bread comprises, on average, 13 distinct bacterial phyla; <i>Bacteroidetes</i>, <i>Firmicutes</i>, <i>Alpha-proteobacteria</i>, <i>Beta-proteobacteria,</i> and <i>Gamma-proteobacteria</i> were the five most abundant. The most common genera were <i>Pseudomonas</i>, <i>Arsenophonus</i>, <i>Lactobacillus</i>, <i>Erwinia,</i> and <i>Acinetobacter</i>. DGGE data show bacterial community composition and diversity varied spatially and temporally both within and between hives. Land use data were obtained from the 2007 Countryside Survey. Certain habitats, such as improved grasslands, are associated with low diversity bee breads, meaning that these environments may be poor sources of bee-associated bacteria. Decreased bee bread bacterial diversity may result in reduced function within hives. Although the dispersal of microbes is ubiquitous, this study has demonstrated landscape-level effects on microbial community composition.
Convex grating types for concentric imaging spectrometers (1998)

The properties of convex gratings fabricated by electron-beam lithography are investigated. Three grating types are shown. The first is a single-panel, true blazed grating in which the blaze angle stays constant relative to the local surface normal. This grating provides high peak efficiencies of approximately 88% in the first order and 85% in the second order. The second grating has two concentric panels, with each panel blazed at a different angle. This type permits flexibility in matching the grating response to a desired form. The third type has a groove shape that departs from the sawtooth blazed profile to increase the second-order bandwidth. All these types are difficult or impossible to produce with conventional techniques. The gratings compare favorably with conventional (holographic and ruled) types in terms of efficiency and scatter. Simple scalar models are shown to predict the wavelength response accurately. These gratings allow the optical designer to realize fully the considerable advantages of concentric spectrometer forms.
Localized silicon fusion and eutectic bonding for MEMS fabrication and packaging (2000)

Silicon fusion and eutectic bonding processes based on the technique of localized heating have been successfully demonstrated. Phosphorus-doped polysilicon and gold films are applied separately in the silicon-to-glass fusion bonding and silicon-to-gold eutectic bonding experiments. These films are patterned as line-shape resistive heaters with widths of 5 or 7 /spl mu/m for the purpose of heating and bonding. In the experiments, silicon-to-glass fusion bonding and silicon to gold eutectic bonding are successfully achieved at temperatures above 1000/spl deg/C and 800/spl deg/C, respectively, by applying 1-MPa contact pressure. Both bonding processes can achieve bonding strength comparable to the fracture toughness of bulk silicon in less than 5 min. Without using global heating furnaces, localized bonding process is conducted in the common environment of room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Although these processes are accomplished within a confined bonding region and under high temperature, the substrate temperature remains low. This new class of bonding scheme has potential applications for microelectromechanical systems fabrication and packaging that require low-temperature processing at the wafer level, excellent bonding strength, and hermetic sealing characteristics.
Low-cost encoding of IEEE 802.11n (2008)

A low-cost encoder for the 802.11n standard is presented. Recent standards such as 802.16e or 802.11n include a special parity check matrix structure that allows efficient encoding and decoding. However, the hardware requirements for implementation with fully parallel architectures could be high. Described is a way of encoding low density parity check (LDPC) codes, with parity check matrices under the schemes used in the 802.11n or 802.16e standards, in a serial way. Exploiting the special topology of these standards’ parity matrix, the encoder proposed requires about 12 times less hardware than a fully parallel one, while only increasing the time between input frames by about three times.
Fluoronaphthyridines as antibacterial agents. 4. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 5-substituted 6-fluoro-7-(cycloalkylamino)-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acids (1992)

A series of 5-substituted-6-fluoro-7-(cycloalkylamino)-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-1,8- naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acids have been prepared and tested for their in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities. The 5-methyl group gave better in vitro activity with the 1-cyclopropyl appendage, but poorer activity with the 1-tert-butyl moiety. With the 1-(2,4-difluorophenyl) substitution, the influence of the 7-cycloalkylamino group was determinant: a (3S)-3-amino-pyrrolidine was shown to enhance greatly the in vitro and in vivo activity of the 5-methyl derivative. Compound 33 (BMY 43748) was selected as a promising candidate for an improved therapeutic agent.
Blue Gene/L torus interconnection network (2005)

The main interconnect of the massively parallel Blue Gene®/L is a three-dimensional torus network with dynamic virtual cut-through routing. This paper describes both the architecture and the microarchitecture of the torus and a network performance simulator. Both simulation results and hardware measurements are presented.
Functional characterization of CFI-402257, a potent and selective Mps1/TTK kinase inhibitor, for the treatment of cancer (2017)

Loss of cell-cycle control is a hallmark of human cancer. Cell-cycle checkpoints are essential for maintaining genome integrity and balanced growth and division. They are specifically deregulated in cancer cells and contain regulators that represent potential therapeutic targets. Monopolar spindle 1 (Mps1; also known as TTK protein kinase) is a core component of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), a genome-surveillance mechanism that is important for cell survival, and has emerged as a candidate target for anticancer therapy. Here, we report the cellular and antitumor effects of CFI-402257, a potent (Mps1 <i>K</i><sub>i</sub> = 0.09 ± 0.02 nM; cellular Mps1 EC<sub>50</sub> = 6.5 ± 0.5 nM), highly selective, and orally active small-molecule inhibitor of Mps1 that was identified through a drug-discovery program. Human cancer cells treated with CFI-402257 exhibit effects consistent with Mps1 kinase inhibition, specifically SAC inactivation, leading to chromosome missegregation, aneuploidy, and ultimately cell death. Oral administration of CFI-402257 in monotherapy or in combination with an anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) antibody in mouse models of human cancer results in inhibition of tumor growth at doses that are well-tolerated. Our findings provide a rationale for the clinical evaluation of CFI-402257 in patients with solid tumors.
The Influence of Microcrystalline Cellulose Grade on Shape and Shape Distributions of Pellets Produced by Extrusion-Spheronization. (2001)

In this study, five microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) grades were physically characterized and their extrusion-spheronization behaviours were characterized in terms of water requirements and pellet shape profiles. It was found that the MCC grades differed significantly in the physical properties investigated. Physical properties of MCC were found to influence the water requirement for extrusion-spheronization. MCC grades of higher bulk densities, lower porosities and water retentive capacities required less water to produce pellets of equivalent size. These MCC grades were also found to produce pellets of lower sphericity and wider shape distributions. Packing of MCC particles within the agglomerate played a role in determining amount of water retention and pellet rounding during spheronization. However, there was a limit to the influence of packing density on the rate of pellet rounding because poor packing resulted in higher water retentive capacity, which also limited the rate of rounding.
Peroxisomal alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase deficiency in primary hyperoxaluria type I (1986)

Activities of alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase in the livers of two patients with primary hyperoxaluria type I were substantially lower than those found in five control human livers. Detailed subcellular fractionation of one of the hyperoxaluric livers, compared with a control liver, showed that there was a complete absence of peroxisomal alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase. This enzyme deficiency explains most of the biochemical characteristics of the disease and means that primary hyperoxaluria type I should be added to the rather select list of peroxisomal disorders.
The drying shrinkage in three-dimensional printing and its dependence on the properties of the powder and the binder (1996)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1996.
An Introduction to Tensor Product Codes and Applications to Digital Storage Systems (2006)

Tensor product (TP) codes result from combining two constituent error control codes in a particular manner. Depending upon the types of constituent codes used, the resulting codes can be error detection codes, error correction codes, error location codes, or some combination thereof. In this paper a review of these codes will be given and possible applications to digital storage systems will be discussed
Design and Implementation of Electronic Signing System Based on B/S Frame (2003)

This paper introduces the basic principles about ASP,and discusses the design and implementation of electronic signing system based on B/S frame and ASP technology.