gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of Toll-like receptor 4-induced proasthmatic changes in airway smooth muscle function by opposing actions of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK signaling (2006)

Activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) on immune surveillance cells in the lung has been implicated in the pathobiology of allergic asthma, a condition associated with altered airway smooth muscle (ASM) contractility. Because ASM is known to directly respond to various proasthmatic stimuli, the potential role of TLR signaling in ASM in regulating airway expression of the proasthmatic phenotype was investigated. Cultured human ASM cells were found to express TLR4 and TLR9 mRNA transcripts and, whereas TLR9 stimulation had little effect, TLR4 activation with LPS elicited significant increases in IL-6 release and evoked proasthmatic-like changes in the constrictor and relaxation responsiveness of isolated rabbit ASM tissues. Complementary studies further demonstrated that the ASM responses to LPS were associated with activation of the ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK signaling pathways, IKK-mediated activation of NF-kappaB, and coupling of phosphorylated ERK1/2 with the p65 subunit of NF-kappaB. Moreover, the induced NF-kappaB activity and changes in ASM responsiveness were prevented in LPS-exposed ASM that were pretreated with inhibitors of ERK1/2 signaling, whereas inhibition of p38 MAPK augmented the proasthmatic responses to LPS. Finally, activation of p38 MAPK with anisomycin prevented both the LPS-induced stimulation of ERK1/2-mediated NF-kappaB activity and associated changes in ASM responsiveness. Collectively, these data support the novel concept that TLR4 activation in ASM elicits changes in ASM function that are regulated by opposing effects of MAPK signaling, wherein LPS-induced ERK1/2 activation mediates NF-kappaB-dependent proasthmatic-like changes in ASM function, whereas coactivation of p38 MAPK serves to homeostatically downregulate the proasthmatic effects of ERK1/2 activation.
FTFN with variable current gain (2002)

This paper proposes a circuit configuration for the realization of a four-terminal floating nullor (FTFN) with electronically tunable current gain. It mainly consists of an op amp in input together with two complementary current mirrors with controlled gain and two standard improved Wilson (1990) current mirrors. The validity of the performance of the scheme is verified through PSPICE simulation results. Some example applications in the design of the proposed tunable FTFN as a tunable active element show that the circuit properties can he varied by electronic means are also included.
Apelin-13 limits infarct size and improves cardiac postischemic mechanical recovery only if given after ischemia (2011)

We studied whether apelin-13 is cardioprotective against ischemia/reperfusion injury if given as either a pre- or postconditioning mimetic and whether the improved postischemic mechanical recovery induced by apelin-13 depends only on the reduced infarct size or also on a recovery of function of the viable myocardium. We also studied whether nitric oxide (NO) is involved in apelin-induced protection and whether the reported ischemia-induced overexpression of the apelin receptor (APJ) plays a role in cardioprotection. Langendorff-perfused rat hearts underwent 30 min of global ischemia and 120 min of reperfusion. Left ventricular pressure was recorded. Infarct size and lactate dehydrogenase release were determined to evaluate the severity of myocardial injury. Apelin-13 was infused at 0.5 μM concentration for 20 min either before ischemia or in early reperfusion, without and with NO synthase inhibition by N(G)-nitro-l-arginine (l-NNA). In additional experiments, before ischemia also 1 μM apelin-13 was tested. APJ protein level was measured before and after ischemia. Whereas before ischemia apelin-13 (0.5 and 1.0 μM) was ineffective, after ischemia it reduced infarct size from 54 ± 2% to 26 ± 4% of risk area (P < 0.001) and limited the postischemic myocardial contracture (P < 0.001). l-NNA alone increased postischemic myocardial contracture. This increase was attenuated by apelin-13, which, however, was unable to reduce infarct size. Ischemia increased APJ protein level after 15-min perfusion, i.e., after most of reperfusion injury has occurred. Apelin-13 protects the heart only if given after ischemia. In this protection NO plays an important role. Apelin-13 efficiency as postconditioning mimetic cannot be explained by the increased APJ level.
Hyperdopaminergic crises in familial dysautonomia (2013)

This study provides Class II evidence that carbidopa is effective in reducing nausea/retching/vomiting in patients with FD.
Building the Internet of Things Using RFID: The RFID Ecosystem Experience (2009)

At the University of Washington, the RFID Ecosystem creates a microcosm for the Internet of Things. The authors developed a suite of Web-based, user-level tools and applications designed to empower users by facilitating their understanding, management, and control of personal RFID data and privacy settings. They deployed these applications in the RFID Ecosystem and conducted a four-week user study to measure trends in adoption and utilization of the tools and applications as well as users' qualitative reactions.
Personalization, Expressivity, and Learnability of an Implicit Mapping Strategy for Physical Interfaces (2005)

We present a new model for configuring the connections between user input and system output in a physical interface with diverse sensor degrees of freedom across several input modalities. Our system allows a user to demonstrate input gestures and manipulations directly to the system, teaching it the desired mappings by example. We developed a musical control application in which userdefined gestures and user-assigned manipulations trigger and modify sounds. The effectiveness of our system was tested by experimentally comparing our user-definable system to a similar, pre-configured version. The results suggest that users prefer to actively configure a physical interface to having expertly-configured presets. In addition, we propose our model as a more general mapping discovery tool for physical interface designers. Keywords Physical interaction, sensors, affordance mapping, gestural bookmark, electronic music controllers, demonstrational interfaces, experiment. ACM Classification
CpG DNA: immunomodulation and remodelling of the asthmatic airway (2004)

Asthma is a disorder of increasing severity and prevalence. Present understanding of the pathogenesis of asthma emphasises its inflammatory nature. Unbridled inflammation appears to induce irreversible changes, collectively known as airway remodelling. CpG oligonucleotides are a class of compounds that have been developed from studies of prokaryotic DNA. Bacterial DNA, for example, contains sequence motifs based on the dinucleotides cytosine-guanine (CpG); these motifs are suppressed in mammalian DNA and induce (as part of the innate immune system) inflammation, characterised by the induction of T helper type 1 and regulatory responses. The pattern of inflammation promoted by CpG DNA tends to suppress the cytokine and cellular responses characteristic of asthma and atopic disorders. This has led to the investigation and development of CpG DNA as a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment and prevention of these disorders. In addition to suppressing acute and persistent airway inflammation, CpG DNA also reduces the development of subepithelial collagen deposition, goblet cell hyperplasia/metaplasia, and other aspects of airway remodelling. In this paper, the effects of CpG DNA on asthma inflammation and remodelling are reviewed.
Probabilistic web image gathering (2005)

We propose a new method for automated large scale gathering of Web images relevant to specified concepts. Our main goal is to build a knowledge base associated with as many concepts as possible for large scale object recognition studies. A second goal is supporting the building of more accurate text-based indexes for Web images. In our method, good quality candidate sets of images for each keyword are gathered as a function of analysis of the surrounding HTML text. The gathered images are then segmented into regions, and a model for the probability distribution of regions for the concept is computed using an iterative algorithm based on the previous work on statistical image annotation. The learned model is then applied to identify which images are visually relevant to the concept implied by the keyword. Implicitly, which regions or the images are relevant is also determined. Our experiments reveal that the new method performs much better than Google Image Search and a simple method based on more standard content based image retrieval methods.
DNA target selectivity by the vitamin D3 receptor: mechanism of dimer binding to an asymmetric repeat element. (1993)

The 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor, like other members of the nuclear receptor superfamily, forms dimers in solution that are probably stabilized by a dyad symmetrical interface formed by the ligand-binding domain. This receptor, however, recognizes DNA targets that are not dyad symmetric but rather are organized as direct repeats of a hexameric sequence with a characteristic 3-bp spacing. Using molecular modeling and site-directed mutagenesis, we have identified regions within the vitamin D3 receptor zinc finger region that confer selectivity for direct repeats with appropriate spacing. Reflecting the organization of the DNA target, these regions, mapping to the tip of the first zinc finger module and the N and C termini of the second finger module, direct asymmetrical protein-protein contacts. A stereochemical model is proposed for these interactions.
Modulation of intrinsic cardiac neurons by spinal cord stimulation: implications for its therapeutic use in angina pectoris (2000)

SCS modifies the capacity of intrinsic cardiac neurons to generate activity. SCS also acts to suppress the excitatory effects that local myocardial ischemia exerts on such neurons. Since no significant changes in monitored cardiovascular indices were observed during SCS, it is concluded that modulation of the intrinsic cardiac nervous system might contribute to the therapeutic effects of SCS in patients with angina pectoris.
A regenerative snubber for a 200 kVA GTO-inverter (2003)

A low-loss snubber circuit is presented that works in a 200 kVA GTO (gate-turn-off) inverter at a 540 V DC link and uses a self-oscillating DC-to-DC converter for energy recovery. Experimental results showing the simplicity, efficiency, and reliability of the device are reported. The DC-to-DC converter is investigated in detail.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
On-line monitoring and process control in selective laser melting and laser cutting (2007)

status: Published
Pyridazin-derivate. VI. Synthese der Derivate des Imidazo [1, 2-b] pyridazins (1964)

Durch die Einwirkung von phenacylbromiden auf 3-Amino-6-chlorpyridazin wurden verschiedenartige 2-Phenyl-6-chlorimidazo [1, 2-b] pyridazine hergestellt. Das Chloratom der letzteren wurde durch Einwirkung von Na-Alkoholaten, Dialkylaminen bzw. wasr. alkoholischem Kali gegen Alkoxyl-, Dialkylamino- bzw. Hydroxyl-gruppen ausgetaus ht.
A real-time algorithm for mobile robot mapping with applications to multi-robot and 3D mapping (2002)

We present an incremental method for concurrent mapping and localization for mobile robots equipped with 2D laser range finders. The approach uses a fast implementation of scan-matching for mapping, paired with a sample-based probabilistic method for localization. Compact 3D maps are generated using a multi-resolution approach adopted from the computer graphics literature, fed by data from a dual laser system. Our approach builds 3D maps of large, cyclic environments in real-time, and it is robust. Experimental results illustrate that accurate maps of large, cyclic environments can be generated even in the absence of any odometric data.
Highly Stable Molecular Layers on Nanocrystalline Anatase TiO<sub>2</sub> through Photochemical Grafting (2009)

Well-defined molecular layers can be formed on the surface of nanocrystalline anatase TiO2 by photochemically grafting organic molecules bearing a terminal vinyl group. The molecular layers produced are shown to have minimal oxidation and are able to be patterned and uniformly grafted through optically thick nanocrystalline films. Stability tests show that the layers have excellent stability in deionized water at 80 degrees C, aqueous solutions at pH=1.0 and pH=10.3 at 65 degrees C, and acetonitrile for time scales approaching 1200 h. Degradation of the films in deionized water occurs using a AM1.5 full-spectrum solar simulator as an illumination source but is partially suppressed by filtering with a 400 nm UV blocking filter which blocks the above-bandgap light. A mechanism is proposed for the grafting reaction in which the surface hydroxyl groups trap photoexcited holes, facilitating reaction with the vinyl group.
Deep learning for automatic sale receipt understanding (2017)

As a general rule, data analytics are now mandatory for companies. Scanned document analysis brings additional challenges introduced by paper damages and scanning quality. In an industrial context, this work focuses on the automatic understanding of sale receipts which enable access to essential and accurate consumption statistics. Given an image acquired with a smart-phone, the proposed work mainly focuses on the first steps of the full tool chain which aims at providing essential information such as the store brand, purchased products and related prices with the highest possible confidence. To get this high confidence level, even if scanning is not perfectly controlled, we propose a double check processing tool-chain using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNNs) on one hand and more classical image and text processings on another hand. The originality of this work relates in this double check processing and in the joint use of DCNNs for different applications and text analysis.
Pathogenesis of aerosolized Eastern Equine Encephalitis virus infection in guinea pigs (2009)

Mice and guinea pigs were experimentally exposed to aerosols containing regionally-distinct strains (NJ1959 or ArgM) of eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) at two exclusive particle size distributions. Mice were more susceptible to either strain of aerosolized EEEV than were guinea pigs; however, clinical signs indicating encephalitis were more readily observed in the guinea pigs. Lower lethality was observed in both species when EEEV was presented at the larger aerosol distribution (> 6 mum), although the differences in the median lethal dose (LD50) were not significant. Virus isolation and immunohistochemistry indicated that virus invaded the brains of guinea pigs within one day postexposure, regardless of viral strain or particle size distribution. Immunohistochemistry further demonstrated that neuroinvasion occurred through the olfactory system, followed by transneuronal spread to all regions of the brain. Olfactory bipolar neurons and neurons throughout the brain were the key viral targets. The main microscopic lesions in infected guinea pigs were neuronal necrosis, inflammation of the meninges and neuropil of the brain, and vasculitis in the brain. These results indicate that guinea pigs experimentally infected by aerosolized EEEV recapitulate several key features of fatal human infection and thus should serve as a suitable animal model for aerosol exposure to EEEV.
Ensemble strategies in Compact Differential Evolution (2011)

Differential Evolution is a population based stochastic algorithm with less number of parameters to tune. However, the performance of DE is sensitive to the mutation and crossover strategies and their associated parameters. To obtain optimal performance, DE requires time consuming trial and error parameter tuning. To overcome the computationally expensive parameter tuning different adaptive/self-adaptive techniques have been proposed. Recently the idea of ensemble strategies in DE has been proposed and favorably compared with some of the state-of-the-art self-adaptive techniques. Compact Differential Evolution (cDE) is modified version of DE algorithm which can be effectively used to solve real world problems where sufficient computational resources are not available. cDE can be implemented on devices such as micro controllers or Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) which have limited memory. In this paper we introduced the idea of ensemble into cDE to improve its performance. The proposed algorithm is tested on the 30D version of 14 benchmark problems of Conference on Evolutionary Computation (CEC) 2005. The employment of ensemble strategies for the cDE algorithms appears to be beneficial and leads, for some problems, to competitive results with respect to the-state-of the-art DE based algorithms.
Osteoporosis in inflammatory bowel disease aetiology, diagnosis and treatment (1998)

In 117 (male = 48) patients with Crohn's disease (CD) aged 20 to 65 years, bone mineral density (BMD) and biochemical markers of bone turnover were measured. Sex hormone status was assessed in men with CD. Hand skinfold thickness and calcaneal ultrasound were evaluated as screening tools for osteoporosis; and the effect of low impact exercise on BMD was prospectively studied. In patients with colitis, the effects of rectal steroids on bone turnover was investigated.;The major determinants of BMD in CD were body weight, corticosteroids and male sex. Hypogonadism was an uncommon cause of flow BMD in men with CD. The bone resorption marker deoxypyridinoline was significantly increased in patients with CD compared to controls (10.97 (9.22) nMDPD/mMCreatinine vs 5.02 (1.03) mMDPH/mMCreatinine, difference in means-=5.95, 95% CI -9.6 to -2.3, p=0.00001) but bone formation markers were not significantly different. Hand skinfold thickness was significantly associated with BMD at the lumbar spine and femoral neck (r=0.43, 95% CI 0.27, 0.57 p&lt;0.0001). However, the relation was inadequate to diagnose osteoporosis in an individual. Similarly, the sensitivity and specificity of calcaneal ultrasound were too low to recommend it as a screening tool for osteoporosis at the hip (sensitivity 66.7%, specificity 85.6%) or spine (sensitivity 75%, specificity 89%).;Significant gains in BMD occurred at the trochanter of patients who fully complied with a 12 month exercise programme (+7.7% (8.2) vs +3.1% (5.83), difference in means=4.67%, 95% CI 0.86 to 8.48, p=0.02). Increases in BMD were significantly related to compliance with the exercises and were independent of other potential confounding variables.;In patients with colitis, rectally administered corticosteroids had no significant effects on bone turnover.;Bone resorption is increased in patients with CD who are at high risk of low BMD. Corticosteroids are an important aetiological factor and rectally administered steroids should be prescribed wherever possible. Low impact exercise could be an effective method of increasing BMD in some patients with CD.
Amino Acid Sequence of the 20-kDa Regulatory Light Chain of Porcine Aorta Media Smooth Muscle Myosin1 (1992)

The amino acid sequence of the 20-kDa regulatory light chain (LC20) of myosin from porcine aorta media smooth muscle was determined. The LC20 consisted of 171 amino acid residues and its N-terminal Ser residue was blocked by an acetyl group. The amino acid sequence was identical with that of chicken gizzard myosin LC20 except that the 60th residue, Met in chicken gizzard LC20, was substituted for Leu in porcine aorta LC20.
A STRUCTURAL OVERVIEW OF GH61 PROTEINS – FUNGAL CELLULOSE DEGRADING POLYSACCHARIDE MONOOXYGENASES (2012)

Recent years have witnessed a spurt of activities in the elucidation of the molecular function of a class of proteins with great potential in biomass degradation. GH61 proteins are of fungal origin and were originally classified in family 61 of the glycoside hydrolases. From the beginning they were strongly suspected to be involved in cellulose degradation because of their expression profiles, despite very low detectable endoglucanase activities. A major breakthrough came from structure determination of the first members, establishing the presence of a divalent metal binding site and a similarity to bacterial proteins involved in chitin degradation. A second breakthrough came from the identification of cellulase boosting activity dependent on the integrity of the metal binding site. Finally very recently GH61 proteins were demonstrated to oxidatively cleave crystalline cellulose in a Cu and reductant dependant manner. This mini-review in particular focuses on the contribution that structure elucidation has made in the understanding of GH61 molecular function and reviews the currently known structures and the challenges remaining ahead for exploiting this new class of enzymes to the full.
Two Antithrombotic Quinazolone Derivatives (1995)

The structures of two antithrombotic quinazolone derivatives, 1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-2-benzylimidazo[5,1-b]-quinazolin-5-one, (I), and 3-benzyl-2-[1-(2,5-xylidino)-ethyl]quinazolin-4(3H)-one, (II), display significant differences in the bond lengths in one region of the quinazolone moiety.
Synthesis and Structure Determination by NMR of a Putative Vacuolar Targeting Peptide and Model of a Proteinase Inhibitor from<i>Nicotiana alata</i><sup>,</sup> (1996)

NA-proPI is a 40.3-kDa multidomain precursor protein found in the stigma of the ornamental tobacco Nicotiana alata. It is selectively targeted to the vacuole and, as the plant matures, is processed to produce a series of five 6-kDa proteinase inhibitors (one chymotrypsin and four trypsin reactive sites) which are thought to play a vital role in plant protection against insect pests. A putative sixth domain with a chymotrypsin reactive site is likely to be formed by three disulfide bridges linking the N- and C-terminal fragments of NA-proPI. This domain contains two distinct structural elements: a 54-residue sequence with high identity to each of the five repeated PI domains, and a nonrepeated 25-residue sequence at the C-terminus which is proposed to contain a vacuolar targeting peptide. The structure of the putative sixth domain was predicted using a combination of secondary structure prediction and homology modeling based on the known structure of one of the intact domains. A 26-residue peptide corresponding to the nonrepeated C-terminal sequence and encompassing the putative vacuolar targeting sequence was synthesized and its structure determined using 1H NMR spectroscopy and simulated annealing calculations. The peptide was found to adopt an amphipathic helical structure. The calculations based on NOE data suggested that the helix is curved, with a hydrophobic concave face and a hydrophilic convex face. This curvature is consistent with an observed periodicity in backbone NH chemical shifts. The structure of the entire sixth domain was modeled by combining the experimentally determined structure of the putative vacuolar targeting peptide with the homology model of the PI domain. In this model the alpha-helix of the putative targeting peptide protrudes from the otherwise compact PI domain. This observation is consistent with the requirement for targeting sequences to be relatively exposed for recognition by the sorting apparatus. As there is no consensus on the structure of vacuolar targeting sequences, this study provides a valuable insight into their potential mechanism of interaction with the cellular sorting apparatus.