gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of CD34 in endothelial cells, hematopoietic progenitors and nervous cells in fetal and adult mouse tissues (1995)

The human cell surface molecule CD34 is selectively expressed on uncommitted and committed hematopoietic progenitor cells and on vascular endothelial cells. It has been suggested that CD34 regulates early events in blood cell migration and differentiation, possibly as a cell adhesion molecule. To characterize the patterns of expression of CD34 in the mouse embryo and in the adult, as well as to dissect the function of different portions of the extracellular domain of this molecule, we have generated the first monoclonal antibodies (mAb) specific for mouse CD34. The epitope(s) recognized by these mAb are not carbohydrate moieties, and are comprised either within the immunoglobulin-like domain or within a portion of the mucin domain, containing approximately half of the predicted O- and N-linked carbohydrate attachment sites. The specificity of the antibodies was established by ELISA and Western blotting. Western analysis revealed that these mAb recognize a protein of approximately 110 kDa in PA6 stromal cell lysates, which can be specifically blocked by the recombinant CD34 protein. To establish the reactivity of these mAb on different cell lineages, a panel of cell lines was stained. This analysis showed strong reactivities with 3T3 fibroblasts, stromal cell lines from fetal liver and with the endothelial cell line D10. Bone marrow hematopoietic progenitors were also stained by these mAb. Immunostaining of frozen sections from embryonic and adult tissues revealed a strong reactivity against vascular endothelial cells at different stages of development, including sinusoidal cells in the fetal liver, yolk sac, and in the fetal bone marrow, endothelial cells from adult lung and kidney, and neural cells, including those of the neural tube of midgestation embryos and neuronal bodies in adult brain.
Adaptive Digital Feedback Predistortion Technique for Linearizing Power Amplifiers (2007)

We have developed a new adaptive digital predistortion (DPD) linearization technique based on analog feedback predistortion (FBPD). The lookup-table-based feedback input can remove the bandwidth limitation of the feedback circuit related to the loop delay, and suppress feedback oscillation by accurate digital control of the feedback signal. Moreover, the predistortion (PD) signal can be extracted very efficiently. By combining the feedback linearization and DPD linearization techniques, the performance of the predistorter is enhanced significantly compared to the conventional DPD. To clearly visualize the characteristics of digital FBPD (DFBPD), we have compared it to the conventional DPD based on the recursive least square algorithm using Matlab simulation. The results clearly show that the new method is a good linearization algorithm, better than a conventional DPD. For the demonstration, a Doherty power amplifier with 180-W peak envelope power is linearized using the proposed DFBPD. For a 2.14-GHz forward-link wideband code-division multiple-access signal, the adjacent channel leakage ratio at 2.5-MHz offset is -58 dBc, which is improved by 15 dB at an average output power of 43 dBm
Therapeutic drug monitoring of tricyclic antidepressants. (1988)

The traditional dose-response method of medication adjustment depends on several assumptions that are not met in the case of tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), which makes therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) particularly useful with these drugs. TDM can facilitate treatment by providing objective guidelines for dose adjustment. It provides a means of assessing compliance, ensuring an effective concentration, and avoiding toxicity. The latter is an often-overlooked benefit of therapeutic monitoring of TCAs and yet is just as important as improving response. The cardiac and central nervous system toxicity of TCAs is concentration-dependent and potentially life-threatening. Such toxicity will predictably occur in up to 5% of patients on standard antidepressant doses of TCAs when TDM is not used to rationally adjust the dose. Without TDM, such toxicity is difficult to detect early. A cost/benefit analysis supports the cost effectiveness of TDM as a standard part of TCA chemotherapy when doses in the 100-300 ng/day range are used.
Expression of activin receptor II and IIB mRNA isoforms in mouse reproductive organs and oocytes (1994)

Activins, the dimeric polypeptides of inhibin beta-subunits, exhibit paracrine effects on cell proliferation, differentiation, and various other cell functions. The complex biological response to activin appears to involve multiple receptors. In the present study, we examined the isoform mRNA expression of both activin receptor type II (ActR-II) and type IIB (ActR-IIB) genes in mouse reproductive organs, cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs), and ovulated oocytes. Northern blot analyses of female and male reproductive organs with single-stranded ActR-II cDNA probes revealed that mouse ovaries expressed high levels of the 6.0 kilobase (kb) mRNA, whereas the 3.0 kb transcript was the major mRNA species found in the testis. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) showed that both COCs and oocytes contained ActR-II mRNA. To examine the expression of ActR-IIB gene, primer selection was made outside the two alternative splicing sites in order to amplify the cDNAs of all four distinct receptor isoforms. The results of RT-PCR demonstrated that isoforms IIB2 and IIB4 were the major mRNA species expressed in both female and male gonads and extragonal reproductive tissues. The ovary expressed all four mRNA isoforms, whereas the testes expressed only three isoforms. whereas the testes expressed only three isoforms. Furthermore, COCs and oocytes contained only the ActR-IIB2 isoform. The differential expression of both activin receptor mRNA isoforms in the reproductive organs suggests that distinct alternative splicing mechanisms are involved in activin receptor gene expression in male and female gonads, and that each of the activin receptors may have its own biological function in reproduction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Low-Temperature Titanium-Based Wafer Bonding (2006)

Low-temperature Ti-based wafer bonding and its mechanisms have been investigated, namely, , , and bonding. The bonding is carried out at with down-force for in vacuum. Nearly void-free bonding and strong mechanical integrity were obtained in all three cases. Interfacial characterization by Auger electron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy indicates that bonding is based on a solid-state amorphization at , whereas bonding is attributed to an interfacial reduction reaction. In bonding, migration of Ti leads to significant grain extrusion across the bonding interface. A double bonding/thinning process, including both - and -based wafer bonding at back-end-of-the-line conditions, has been demonstrated on patterned wafers.
HEAVY AND THERMAL OIL RECOVERY PRODUCTION MECHANISMS (2014)

The Stanford University Petroleum Research Institute (SUPRI-A) conducts a broad spectrum of research intended to help improve the recovery efficiency from difficult to produce reservoirs including heavy oil and fractured low permeability systems. Our scope of work is relevant across near-, mid-, and long-term time frames. The primary functions of the group are to conduct direction-setting research, transfer research results to industry, and educate and train students for careers in industry. Presently, research in SUPRI-A is divided into 5 main project areas. These projects and their goals include: (1) Multiphase flow and rock properties--to develop better understanding of the physics of displacement in porous media through experiment and theory. This category includes work on imbibition, flow in fractured media, and the effect of temperature on relative permeability and capillary pressure. (2) Hot fluid injection--to improve the application of nonconventional wells for enhanced oil recovery and elucidate the mechanisms of steamdrive in low permeability, fractured porous media. (3) Mechanisms of primary heavy oil recovery--to develop a mechanistic understanding of so-called ''foamy oil'' and its associated physical chemistry. (4) In-situ combustion--to evaluate the effect of different reservoir parameters on the insitu combustion process. (5) Reservoir definition--to develop and improve techniques for evaluating formation properties from production information. What follows is a report on activities for the past year. Significant progress was made in all areas.
Privacy and authentication on a portable communications system (1993)

Public-key/private-key hybrid key agreements and authentication protocols which maintain privacy of conversation and location information, and deter usage fraud, are presented. These protocols are optimized for low complexity in the portable unit and network infrastructure. The basic cryptographic techniques are described, and some complexity information obtained from these laboratory experiments and from other sources are presented. The three public-key protocols described have differing levels of security and complexity: and the tradeoffs are discussed. Because of the complexity concerns mentioned above, the public-key protocols are compared to a representative private-key approach in the areas of both security and computational complexity.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The rapid preparation of synaptosomes, using a vertical rotor. (1981)

A rapid method for the preparation of isolated nerve terminals (synaptosomes) is described. The material, prepared using a vertical rotor, is compared biochemically with material prepared by conventional techniques. The synaptosomes possess many characteristics expected of isolated nerve terminals, including noradrenaline release and transport against a concentration gradient.
Effect of modern high-dose versus standard-dose radiation in definitive concurrent chemo-radiotherapy on outcome of esophageal squamous cell cancer: a meta-analysis (2019)

HD-RT (> = 60 Gy) based on modern radiotherapy techniques in definitive CCRT appears to improve OS, PFS amd LRFS compared to the SD-RT in patients with ESCC.
Exciton Absorption and Emission in InP (1964)

Sharp peaks due to exciton formation have been observed in the intrinsic optical-absorption-coefficient data for undoped indium phosphide at 6, 20, and 77\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. At 298\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, the absorption data do not show a peak, because of thermal broadening. Low-temperature photoluminescence data obtained on the same InP used for absorption data exhibited an exciton emission peak at the same energy as the absorption peak and confirm the earlier identification of the emission line due to Turner and Pettit. At 6 and 77\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, the exciton peak energies are 1.416 and 1.409 eV, respectively. From the absorption data, the exciton binding energy at both temperatures is 0.0040 eV. The temperature dependence of the gap in the linear region above 100\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K is -2.9\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$eV/\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, in sharp disagreement with the earlier value of Oswald.
3D Optical Printing of Piezoelectric Nanoparticle–Polymer Composite Materials (2014)

Here we demonstrate that efficient piezoelectric nanoparticle-polymer composite materials can be optically printed into three-dimensional (3D) microstructures using digital projection printing. Piezoelectric polymers were fabricated by incorporating barium titanate (BaTiO3, BTO) nanoparticles into photoliable polymer solutions such as polyethylene glycol diacrylate and exposing to digital optical masks that could be dynamically altered to generate user-defined 3D microstructures. To enhance the mechanical-to-electrical conversion efficiency of the composites, the BTO nanoparticles were chemically modified with acrylate surface groups, which formed direct covalent linkages with the polymer matrix under light exposure. The composites with a 10% mass loading of the chemically modified BTO nanoparticles showed piezoelectric coefficients (d(33)) of ∼ 40 pC/N, which were over 10 times larger than composites synthesized with unmodified BTO nanoparticles and over 2 times larger than composites containing unmodified BTO nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes to boost mechanical stress transfer efficiencies. These results not only provide a tool for fabricating 3D piezoelectric polymers but lay the groundwork for creating highly efficient piezoelectric polymer materials via nanointerfacial tuning.
Anti-domain-free GaP, grown in atomically flat (001) Si sub-μm-sized openings (2002)

We demonstrate a method for growth of GaP nanocrystals on Si(001), developed to avoid defects related to antiphase domain boundaries in the proximity of the GaP/Si interface. The technique is based on sub-μm-sized selective-area epitaxy of GaP on atomically flat Si in masked openings. We have used field-emission scanning electron microscopy together with transmission electron microscopy to illustrate the method with examples of monocrystalline GaP nanocrystals. The optical properties of the nanocrystals were investigated by low-temperature cathodoluminescence.
Proteolytic activation of latent transforming growth factor-beta from fibroblast-conditioned medium. (1988)

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF beta) is produced by most cultured cells in an inactive form. Potential activation mechanisms of latent TGF beta were studied using fibroblastic (NRK-49F and AKR-MCA) cell-conditioned medium as a model. Active TGF beta was monitored by radioreceptor and soft agar assays as well as by antibody inhibition and immunoprecipitation. Little or no TGF beta was detected in untreated conditioned medium. Treatment of the medium with extremes of pH (1.5 or 12) resulted in significant activation of TGF beta as shown by radioreceptor assays, while mild acid treatment (pH 4.5) yielded only 20-30% of the competition achieved by pH 1.5. In an effort to define more physiological means of TGF beta activation, the effects of some proteases were tested. Plasmin and cathepsin D were found to generate 25-kD bands corresponding to the active form of TGF beta as shown by immunoprecipitation analysis of radiolabeled cell-conditioned medium. Plasmin treatment of the medium resulted in activity that was quantitatively similar to that of mild acid treatment as measured by radioreceptor and soft agar assays. In addition, the plasmin-generated activity was inhibited by anti-TGF beta antibodies. Sequential treatments of AKR-MCA cell-conditioned medium with mild acid followed by plasmin or plasmin followed by mild acid gave activation comparable to either treatment alone. The data suggest that conditioned medium may contain at least two different pools of latent TGF beta. One pool is resistant to mild acid and/or plasmin and requires strong acid or alkali treatment for activation. A second pool is activated by mild pH change and/or plasmin. Activation of this form of latent TGF beta may take place by dissociation or proteolytic digestion from a precursor molecule or hypothetical TGF beta-binding protein complex.
Semantic Variations on Richardson’s Armaments Dynamics (1987)

The international scientific community is preparing to celebrate the thirtieth anniversary of the death of L. F. Richardson who divided his scientific activities between research into mathematical polymology (war studies) and meteorology. The arms race model which won him posthumous popularity among English-speaking specialists was first formulated in 19191 barely following the equally famous equations for aerial combat devised by another British pioneer in mathematical polymology, L. F. Lanchester.2 Later on, Richardson restated the various properties of his model in detail on several occasions.3 Today one can say that practically all quantitative studies of the arms race at least mention the Richardson model, so much so that two authors of a recent review of the contemporary literature on the subject even made it a point of honour to be the first not to reproduce the Richardson equations.4 This continuing reference to the Richardson system is all the harder to understand in that several theoretical criticisms, many on decisive points, have been formulated against it.5 Furthermore, most of the empirical tests to which it has been subjected during the present period have proved disappointing.6 Empirical studies over recent years seem to establish: (1) That far from being the rule, Richardson behaviour seems rather to be the exception in the recent international dynamics of armaments.7 (2) That the explanatory power of the internal models, drawing on bureaucratic analyses generally proves superior to that of international interactional models like Richardson’s to take account of the dynamics of military spending at least in the case of the world’s main military powers and the two largest in particular.8
Accuracy of a combined score of zygote and embryo morphology for selecting the best embryos for IVF (2008)

The results suggest that selecting embryos with a high score (>or=70) using the combined scoring system could increase the implantation rate and pregnancy rate, and that using a scoring system combining assessments of human zygotes and pre-implantation embryos might predict IVF outcomes more accurately than using a cumulative embryo score.
Binding of Oligoguanylate to Scavenger Receptors Is Required for Oligonucleotides to Augment NK Cell Activity and Induce IFN (1994)

Specific palindromic sequences in synthetic oligonucleotides are required to induce IFN and augment IFN-mediated natural killer activity. To study the mechanism of IFN induction by oligonucleotides containing palindromic sequences, we investigated the possible target molecules of the oligonucleotides. Oligo-1, a 30mer single-stranded oligonucleotide with oligoG sequences next to the active palindromic sequence (AACGTT), had more activity than oligonucleotides with oligoA, oligoC, or oligoT sequences. The activity of oligo-1 was inhibited by a guanine homo-oligomer (G30), dextran sulfate, and polyvinyl sulfate. Oligo-1 bound to plastic-adherent mouse splenocytes, and the binding was inhibited by G30, dextran sulfate, and polyvinyl sulfate. Oligo-1 inhibited acetyl-LDL binding to the scavenger receptor on mouse splenocytes. These findings suggest that the binding of an extrapalindromic sequence to the scavenger receptor is required for the immunostimulatory activity of oligo-1.
Demosaicked Image Postprocessing Using Local Color Ratios (2004)

A postprocessing method for the correction of visual demosaicking artifacts is introduced. The restored, full-color images previously obtained by cost-effective color filter array interpolators are processed to improve their visual quality. Based on a localized color ratio model and the original underlying Bayer pattern structure, the proposed solution impressively removes false colors while maintaining image sharpness. At the same time, it yields excellent improvements in terms of objective image quality measures.
Adaptive offloading inference for delivering applications in pervasive computing environments (2004)

Pervasive computing allows a user to access an application on heterogeneous devices continuously and consistently. However it is challenging to deliver complex applications on resource-constrained mobile devices, such as cellular telephones and PDA. Different approaches, such as application-based or system-based adaptations, have been proposed to address the problem. However existing solutions often require degrading application fidelity. We believe that this problem can be overcome by dynamically partitioning the application and offloading part of the application execution to a powerful nearby surrogate. This will enable pervasive application delivery to be realized without significant fidelity degradation or expensive application rewriting. Because pervasive computing environments are highly dynamic, the runtime offloading system needs to adapt to both application execution patterns and resource fluctuations. Using the fuzzy control model, we have developed an offloading inference engine to adaptively solve two key decision-making problems during runtime offloading: (1) timely triggering of adaptive offloading, and (2) intelligent selection of an application partitioning policy. Extensive trace-driven evaluations show the effectiveness of the offloading inference engine.
Mathematical Optimization in Graphics and Vision (2002)

Mathematical optimization has a fundamental importance for the solution of many problems in computer graphics and vision. This fact is apparent from a quick look at the SIGGRAPH proceedings, where a significant percentage of the papers employ in one way or another mathematical optimization techniques. This course will provide a conceptual analysis of the problems in computer graphics and discuss the mathematical models used to solve them. The goal is to develop an understanding of the importance of optimization techniques in graphics and vision. The course will also give an overview of combinatorial, continuous and variational optimization methods, focusing on graphical applications. The prerequisites for the course are: (i) background on linear algebra and calculus of one and several variables; (ii) computational experience on algorithms and programming; (iii) knowledge of geometric modeling, animation, image processing, image analysis and visualization. These notes originated from a set of notes in Portuguese written for a course
A Convenient Synthesis of 1,4‐Disubstituted Imidazoles. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Extending software defined network principles to include optical transport (2013)

Software defined networks are based on the principle of a centralized control plane separated from the network forwarding or switching plane that it controls. The switching plane can be heterogeneous, composed of network elements from multiple vendors, and it can provide distinct services with different characteristics, configurations, and control at the packet and/or optical layers. Abstracting the control plane from the network elements allows network-platform- specific characteristics and differences that do not affect services to be hidden. In addition, software defined networking (SDN) is based on the principle that applications can request needed resources from the network via interfaces to the control plane. Through these interfaces, applications can dynamically request network resources or network information that may span disparate technologies. For instance, the application layer can dynamically request and obtain network resources at the packet flow, circuit, or even optical level based on application layer requirements. Current SDN implementations focus on Ethernet switching primarily for data center resource optimization. This article reviews the benefits and challenges of extending SDN concepts to various transport network architectures that include optical wavelength and fiber switches, circuit switches, and sub-wavelength optical burst switches. Control plane implementations for optical networks are more complex since they must account for physical constraints including optical signal reachability, bandwidth availability and granularity, light path routing, and light path reconfiguration speed. The longterm goal is to apply SDN concepts across multi-layer multivendor networks in order to support a unified control structure.