gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neutralization of Macrophage Inflammatory Protein 2 (MIP-2) and MIP-1α Attenuates Neutrophil Recruitment in the Central Nervous System during Experimental Bacterial Meningitis (1999)

Chemokines are low-molecular-weight chemotactic cytokines that have been shown to play a central role in the perivascular transmigration and accumulation of specific subsets of leukocytes at sites of tissue damage. Using in situ hybridization (ISH), we investigated the mRNA induction of macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2), MIP-1alpha, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), and RANTES. Challenge of infant rats' brains with Haemophilus influenzae type b intraperitoneally resulted in the time-dependent expression of MIP-2, MIP-1alpha, MCP-1, and RANTES, which was maximal 24 to 48 h postinoculation. Immunohistochemistry showed significant increases in neutrophils and macrophages infiltrating the meninges, the ventricular system, and the periventricular area. The kinetics of MIP-2, MIP-1alpha, MCP-1, and RANTES mRNA expression paralleled those of the recruitment of inflammatory cells and disease severity. Administration of anti-MIP-2 or anti-MIP-1alpha antibodies (Abs) resulted in significant reduction of neutrophils. Administration of anti-MCP-1 Abs significantly decreased macrophage infiltration. Combined studies of ISH and immunohistochemistry showed that MIP-2- and MIP-1alpha-positive cells were neutrophils and macrophages. MCP-1-positive cells were neutrophils, macrophages, and astrocytes. Expression of RANTES was localized predominantly to resident astrocytes and microglia. The present study indicates that blocking of MIP-2 or MIP-1alpha bioactivity in vivo results in decreased neutrophil influx. These data are also the first demonstration that the C-C chemokine MIP-1alpha is involved in neutrophil recruitment in vivo.
Withdrawn (2011)

OBJECTIVE To investigate the underlying mechanisms of ecdysterone (Ecdy) antidiabetic action in the diet-induced obesity animal model. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) were treated with or without Ecdy at a low (Ecdy L) or high (Ecdy H) dose (25 or 50 mg/kg body wt) for 12 weeks. The effects of Ecdy on food intake, energy expenditure, glucose metabolism, insulin signaling, muscle lipid profile, and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) complexes were evaluated. RESULTS At the end of the study, there were no differences in body weight, food intake, and energy expenditure between HFD groups with or without a diet supplemented with Ecdy L, except body weight was significantly lower in the Ecdy H group than in the HFD group ( P P P P P CONCLUSIONS We observed that Ecdy improved glucose metabolism and enhanced muscle insulin signaling by altering the acylcarnitine profile and increasing mitochondrial OxPhos complexes in HFD-fed mice. Our study suggests that these effects of Ecdy are dose-dependent.
The risk for psychiatric disorders in relatives of schizophrenic and control probands: a comparison of three independent studies (1997)

Schizophrenia strongly aggregates in families and shares familial factors with SPD and ONAP but not anxiety disorders. The familial factors of aetiological importance for schizophrenia and affective illness may be weakly related. With the exception of alcoholism, the patterns of psychiatric disorders in relatives of schizophrenic and control probands in these three studies were sufficiently similar that, despite their methodological differences, they can probably be viewed as replications of one another.
Micro-Flow Control and Micropump by Applying Electric Fields through a Porous Membrane (2004)

Experiments of micro-flow control and micropump conducted by applying electric fields on the flow through a porous membrane have clarified that only NaCl solution in water is effective for the control of micro-flow among the liquids examined but KCl solution and a colloidal dispersion of polystyrene latex particles in water as well as NaCl solution are good as working fluids for the micropump. Although the applied voltages are less than 10V, performance of the present micropump is found belonging to the highest class in the past methods. Effects of electro-osmosis, electrophoresis and absorption were discussed about whether or not they may become causes of the present phenomena and it is concluded that absorption is most possible as a cause. The colloidal dispersion of polystyrene latex particles is thought to be a good working liquid, because it provides the flow rate proportional to the applied voltage without generating any bubble of by-product.
Differential Diagnosis of Calf Pain and Weakness: Flexor Hallucis Longus Strain (2000)

Injuries of the flexor hallucis longus (FHL), such as tendinitis and partial rupture of the muscle belly, are most commonly reported in ballet dancers, but rare cases have been reported in other athletes. Involvement of the FHL tendon or muscle belly may occur in ballet dancers because of the repetitive ankle plantarflexion that occurs during pointe work. The FHL tendon may become irritated where it enters the fibro-osseous tunnel on the posteromedial aspect of the ankle. This tunnel acts as a pulley for the FHL tendon. Irritation in this area can produce fraying, swelling, or nodule formation in the substance of the FHL tendon. It is unusual for nondancers to have an athletic injury of the FHL. In this case problem, a patient is presented who apparently injured the FHL; however, unlike most cases reported in the literature, the patient's symptoms were present in the posterior calf and were not the result of dancing. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2000;30(2):78–84. doi:10.2519/jospt.2000.30.2.78
Two-dimensional superstructure in the (001) plane of Bi2[Ca,Sr]3Cu2O8+δ thin films (1988)

Thin films of Bi-Ca-Sr-Cu-O showing superconductivity above 100 K have been made by electron beam evaporation with oxygen post-annealing. The major superconducting phase, Bi2[Ca,Sr]3Cu2O8+δ (Tc ∼85 K), is oriented epitaxially with the (100)SrTiO3 substrate. In addition to the one-dimensional incommensurate superstructure along the b axis, which is characteristic of this phase, we have observed by transmission electron microscopy a two-dimensional incommensurate superstructure in the a-b plane with a different periodicity and a different orientation relationship to the subcell.
B7‐H3 protein expression in acute myeloid leukemia (2015)

Costimulatory molecules are essential regulators of the immunological synapse and enable the fine-tuning of the immune response. These mechanisms are subverted by cancer cells to evade immunosurveillance. The B7 family of costimulatory molecules comprises several ligands that may contribute to immunoescape. B7-H3 [B7-homolog 3 or CD276] remains poorly investigated in hematological malignancies. To determine the role B7-H3, we analyzed the expression of this molecule in blast cells from a cohort of 111 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. B7-H3 was expressed in blast cells with a mean fluorescence intensity ratio >3 in 30 (27%) of the 111 patients. B7-H3 expression was higher in the M3 and M5 FAB subtypes and in cases with mutated NPM1 and wild type CEBPA. There were no significant differences found for the FLT3-ITD or cytogenetic risk groups. The complete remission (CR) rate between the 17 B7-H3-positive and 58 negative patients who were treated intensively was not different. The event free survival was longer in B7-H3-positive patients (P = 0.014), and there was a trend toward better overall survival. However, this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.053). In conclusion, B7-H3 is one of the most strongly expressed B7-family molecules in AML and merits further investigation.
Early cementing does not increase debond energy of grit blasted interfaces (2004)

A fracture mechanics based approach was used to determine the debond energy or fracture toughness of the stem-cement interface for a variety of conditions. The goals of the study were to determine if early cementing of stems increased the debond energy of grit blasted stem-cement interfaces and if debond energy was dependent on mold type. Early (2 min) and late (6 min) times of cementation were considered for two different grit blasted surface finishes (16 and 60 grit, Ra=5.7 or 2.3 microm). Specimen fabrication was performed using a relatively simple, unconstrained rectangular mold and a mold that more closely simulated in vivo conditions. The rectangular mold was used with all components at room temperature whereas the in vivo simulated mold had a body that resembled the femoral canal in shape and was warmed to body temperature. Early cementing did not increase the debond energy using the in vivo simulated mold. Extensive porosity was found at the interface, and porosity had a strong negative effect on debond energy. When the simpler, rectangular mold was used, early cementing did result in higher debond energies, but few voids were found at the interface. It appears that porosity at the interface was the major factor affecting the debond energy. The results from this study do not support the concept that improved stem-cement interface strength can be obtained by application of the cement while it is in a low viscosity state.
Challenge of Monkeys with Japanese B Virus after Immunization by West Nile Infection Plus Japanese B Vaccine (1957)

Summary Treatment of monkeys with various doses of cortisone followed by subcutaneous inoculation of JBE virus led to viremia in each instance but not to clinical disease. Monkeys inoculated with a dose of 0.1 ml of a 10-1 dilution of WN virus for immunization showed viremia within the first 3 days. Neutralizing antibodies to WN virus frequently developed by the 7th day after inoculation and reached their maximum titer in the 2nd and 3rd week. The injection of potent JBE vaccine in WN immune animals had a booster effect on WN neutralizing antibodies. There was a significant rise in JBE neutralizing antibodies in these stone animals after the JBE vaccine inoculation, and 2 out of 3 also developed CF antibodies. Monkeys thus immunized basically with WN virus infection and supplemented with one injection of potent JBE vaccine developed either a questionable degree of viremia or none when inoculated with JBE virus after cortisone treatment. On the other hand, monkeys immunized with one injection of potent JBE vaccine only, or with WN virus only, had a consistent and prolonged viremia. The combined WN and JBE vaccine immunization appeared to prevent infection entirely, since this group of animals showed no serological rises following virus challenge. It is concluded that this evidence, supplementing that obtained with hamsters, recommends this method of immunization for human trial, providing that a safe strain of WN virus for human use is found.
Thermal and rheological properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels prepared by repeated cycles of freezing and thawing (1988)

Abstract Differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy were carried out in order to study the relation between the structure and properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels prepared by repeated cycles of freezing‐thawing. The effect of the number N of repeated cycles of freezing‐thawing, of the degree of saponification (DS), and of the degree of polymerization (DP) on structure and properties was examined. The elastic modulus and the endothermic enthalpy, estimated from the area surrounded by the endothermic peak, increase with increasing N , DS, and DP. The melting temperature T m shifts to higher temperatures with increasing DS and DP, but it is almost independent of N for gels with high DS or DP. In PVA gels with lower DP or DS, T m shifts to higher temperatures with increasing N . The temperature dependence of the elastic modulus is discussed on the basis of a theory on thermoreversible gels.
Transforming growth factor alpha is a target for the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor. (1998)

The von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene has a critical role in the pathogenesis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC), because VHL mutations have been found in both VHL disease-associated and sporadic RCC. Overexpression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-alpha has been observed in numerous RCC tumors and cell lines, and TGF-alpha has been demonstrated to support RCC cell growth through an autocrine loop. We demonstrate here that VHL substantially decreases TGF-alpha message and protein by shortening TGF-alpha mRNA half-life. By Northern analysis TGF-alpha mRNA steady-state levels were suppressed 5-fold in permanent 786-0 RCC cell lines expressing wild-type VHL compared with 786-0 cells expressing an empty vector or a mutant VHL protein lacking COOH-terminal residues 116-213 (deltaVHL). By Western analysis, VHL also substantially down-regulated the unprocessed, cell-associated Mr 20,000 TGF-alpha protein. Moreover, secreted TGF-alpha was undetectable in VHL-expressing cells. In contrast, VHL did not down-regulate the TGF-alpha receptor, epidermal growth factor receptor, either at the mRNA or protein level. Nuclear run-on in vitro transcription experiments in 786-0 cells showed that VHL did not affect transcriptional control of the endogenous TGF-alpha gene. However, actinomycin D experiments revealed a long TGF-alpha mRNA half-life in 786-0 cells that was significantly decreased by wild-type VHL but not by deltaVHL. We have, therefore, identified TGF-alpha, an important growth factor for RCC, as a new target gene for VHL and demonstrated that VHL acts by decreasing TGF-alpha mRNA stability.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis. Use of Methanesulfonic Acid . alpha.‐Amino Deprotecting Procedure and New Coupling Reagent, 2‐( Benzotriazol‐1‐yl)oxy‐1,3‐dimethylimidazolinium Hexafluorophosphate ( BOI) (I). (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Induction of tolerance to alloantigen. (1999)

The study of transplantation tolerance has been a major area of immunological research since the pioneering work by Medawar and colleagues. It has been classically defined as the absence of an immune response to a specific antigen in the setting of an otherwise normal immune system. The induction of tolerance to alloantigen in the transplantation setting would not only allow better graft survival but would also obviate the need for immunosuppressive therapy. The induction of tolerance is considered by many to be the "holy grail" of organ transplantation but, despite many years of experimental investigation, reliable induction of allograft tolerance has not been achieved in humans. There exists four fundamental mechanisms of T cell tolerance that may be operational in the transplantation setting: deletion, functional anergy, ignorance and regulation/suppression. Several strategies to induce tolerance in transplantation have been employed, but most of these tolerogenic strategies have been investigated in rodents and it remains to be determined whether they can be transferred into large outbred animal models or clinical transplantation.
Prediction of clinical toxicity in localized cervical carcinoma by radio-induced apoptosis study in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) (2009)

Radiation induced apoptosis at different time points and radiation doses fitted to a semi logarithmic model defined by a mathematical equation that gives an individual value of radiosensitivity and could predict late toxicity due to radiotherapy. Other prospective studies with higher number of patients are needed to validate these results.
Metal-dependent binding of a nuclear factor to the rat metallothionein-I promoter (1990)

Genomic footprinting studies in vivo and experiments using synthetic metal regulatory elements (MREs) in vitro suggest protein binding to the MREs of the mouse and rat metallothionein I (MT-I) genes. Using gel-retardation assays of promoter fragments, we observe a cadmium-dependent binding factor for the rat MT-I promoter in rat hepatoma cells. This factor is present in extracts from both uninduced and cadmium-induced cells, but requires the presence of cadmium to bind to the promoter. The formation of a cadmium-dependent complex is competed by an oligonucleotide containing two MREs. This competition is lost when when one of the MREs is mutated, indicating a requirement for at least two MREs for binding of this factor. The cadmium-dependent factor dissociates more rapidly from the MT-I promoter than does a factor that binds to a consensus Sp1 site present on the same DNA fragment. UV crosslinking analysis using nuclear extracts from cadmium induced cells, in the presence of an oligonucleotide probe containing both 5-bromodeoxyuridine and 32P-deoxycytidine, identifies a 39 kDalton protein associated with the metal inducible complex.
Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 on an Absorbable Collagen Sponge with an Osteoconductive Bulking Agent in Posterolateral Arthrodesis with Instrumentation (2009)

Compared with an iliac crest bone graft, the combination of an absorbable collagen sponge soaked with rhBMP-2 and ceramic granules resulted in trends toward improvements in clinical outcomes and toward a higher rate of radiographic fusion. This combination of an osteoinductive agent with an osteoconductive matrix may be an effective replacement for autograft in single-level posterolateral lumbar arthrodeses with instrumentation.
Exploiting a Bacterial Drug‐Resistance Mechanism: A Light‐Activated Construct for the Destruction of MRSA (2009)

A cunning and dangerous plan foiled! An enzyme-specific molecular construct exploits the overexpression of beta-lactamase in several drug-resistant bacteria. Specific photodynamic toxicity was detected towards beta-lactam-resistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), whereby the usual mechanism for antibiotic resistance (cleavage of the beta-lactam ring) releases the phototoxic component from the prodrug (see picture; Q = quencher).
Weighted graph comparison techniques for brain connectivity analysis (2013)

The analysis of brain connectivity is a vast field in neuroscience with a frequent use of visual representations and an increasing need for visual analysis tools. Based on an in-depth literature review and interviews with neuroscientists, we explore high-level brain connectivity analysis tasks that need to be supported by dedicated visual analysis tools. A significant example of such a task is the comparison of different connectivity data in the form of weighted graphs. Several approaches have been suggested for graph comparison within information visualization, but the comparison of weighted graphs has not been addressed. We explored the design space of applicable visual representations and present augmented adjacency matrix and node-link visualizations. To assess which representation best support weighted graph comparison tasks, we performed a controlled experiment. Our findings suggest that matrices support these tasks well, outperforming node-link diagrams. These results have significant implications for the design of brain connectivity analysis tools that require weighted graph comparisons. They can also inform the design of visual analysis tools in other domains, e.g. comparison of weighted social networks or biological pathways.
Selective eager execution on the PolyPath architecture (1998)

Control-flow misprediction penalties are a major impediment to high performance in wide-issue superscalar processors. In this paper we present Selective Eager Execution (SEE), an execution model to overcome mis-speculation penalties by executing both paths after diffident branches. We present the micro-architecture of the PolyPath processor, which is an extension of an aggressive superscalar, out-of-order architecture. The PolyPath architecture uses a novel instruction tagging and register renaming mechanism to execute instructions from multiple paths simultaneously in the same processor pipeline, while retaining maximum resource availability for single-path code sequences.Results of our execution-driven, pipeline-level simulations show that SEE can improve performance by as much as 36% for the go benchmark, and an average of 14% on SPECint95, when compared to a normal superscalar, out-of-order, speculative execution, monopath processor. Moreover, our architectural model is both elegant and practical to implement, using a small amount of additional state and control logic.
Evaluation of alginate dialdehyde cross‐linked gelatin hydrogel as a biodegradable sealant for polyester vascular graft (2011)

Vascular grafts are devices intended to replace compromised arteries in the body and grafts made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fabric have been used mainly for synthetic grafting procedures involving medium to large diameter vascular grafts. Though porosity of the graft permits tissue in-growth, it would lead to bleeding through the graft walls immediately after implantation. So it is essential to seal the pores either by preclotting with patient's own blood or by other sealing materials prior to implantation in order to prevent blood leakage through the graft wall. Biodegradable hydrogel materials are ideal candidates for this purpose. Apart from sealing the pores, they offer biocompatible and low-thrombogenic surfaces when coated on vascular graft. In the present study, a biodegradable hydrogel, derived from oxidized alginate and gelatin, has been deposited on PET grafts by dip coating and were characterized for its efficacy on sealing the pores of the graft. Water permeability in the static and pulsatile conditions, burst strength, in vitro cell culture cytotoxicity, hemocompatibility, and endothelial cell adhesion and proliferation of the coated grafts were investigated. Results showed that the alginate dialdehyde cross-linked gelatin hydrogel was nontoxic, hemocompatible, and was efficient in sealing the pores of the graft. Blood perfusion study showed that when hydrogel-coated grafts were exposed to blood for 30 min, they showed little affinity toward platelets or leukocytes. Hemolytic potential of PET was significantly reduced when it was coated with hydrogel. Improved adhesion and proliferation of endothelial cells were observed when PET grafts were coated with hydrogel. Results also showed that coating with hydrogel did not affect the burst strength of the PET graft.
Chemical Modification of an Antitumor Alkaloid, 20(S)-Camptothecin. E-Lactone Ring-Modified Water-Soluble Derivatives of 7-Ethylcamptothecin. (1993)

7-Ethylcamptothecin (1d), a model which does not have any site on the A-ring for further modification was converted into water-soluble derivatives by opening the E-ring lactone. 1d was heated in N,N-dimethylenediamine to yield amide 2a, and this was then acylated to furnish 3a-q, which were soluble in water as their HCl salts. The propionyl (3b), butyryl (3c) and methylthiopropionyl (3h) derivatives showed higher activity than the sodium salt of 1d. The acyl group makes the derivatives more lipophilic, and ease of hydrolysis of amide 2a to 1d is thought to be necessary for significant activity.