gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DNA Damage and Oxygen Radical Toxicity (1988)

A major portion of the toxicity of hydrogen peroxide in Escherichia coli is attributed to DNA damage mediated by a Fenton reaction that generates active forms of hydroxyl radicals from hydrogen peroxide, DNA-bound iron, and a constant source of reducing equivalents. Kinetic peculiarities of DNA damage production by hydrogen peroxide in vivo can be reproduced by including DNA in an in vitro Fenton reaction system in which iron catalyzes the univalent reduction of hydrogen peroxide by the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). To minimize the toxicity of oxygen radicals, the cell utilizes scavengers of these radicals and DNA repair enzymes. On the basis of observations with the model system, it is proposed that the cell may also decrease such toxicity by diminishing available NAD(P)H and by utilizing oxygen itself to scavenge active free radicals into superoxide, which is then destroyed by superoxide dismutase.
Designing Superoleophobic Surfaces (2007)

Understanding the complementary roles of surface energy and roughness on natural nonwetting surfaces has led to the development of a number of biomimetic superhydrophobic surfaces, which exhibit apparent contact angles with water greater than 150 degrees and low contact angle hysteresis. However, superoleophobic surfaces-those that display contact angles greater than 150 degrees with organic liquids having appreciably lower surface tensions than that of water-are extremely rare. Calculations suggest that creating such a surface would require a surface energy lower than that of any known material. We show how a third factor, re-entrant surface curvature, in conjunction with chemical composition and roughened texture, can be used to design surfaces that display extreme resistance to wetting from a number of liquids with low surface tension, including alkanes such as decane and octane.
Integrated Fluidic Photonics for Multi-Parameter In-Plane Detection in Microfluidic Flow Cytometry (2006)

Cylindrical fluid-filled lenses microfabricated in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) polymer are incorporated into a microfluidic flow cytometer to localize excitation in the channel and enable multi-parameter in-plane scatter detection
Electronic and transport properties of N-P doped nanotubes (1999)

Electronic properties of a doped zigzag nanotube are investigated by a self-consistent tight-binding method. We propose that a doped nanotube with donor atoms on one side and acceptors on the other can function as a nano diode. It is shown that a potential step in the tube, created by two different types of doping in this case, causes the nonlinear rectifying effect.
CSF-1 as a regulator of macrophage activation and immune responses. (2003)

Macrophage activation is a key determinant of susceptibility and pathology in a variety of inflammatory diseases. The extent of macrophage activation is tightly regulated by a number of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g. IFN-gamma, IL-2, GM-CSF, IL-3) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (e.g. IL-4, IL-10, TGF-beta). Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF-1/M-CSF) is a key differentiation, growth and survival factor for monocytes/macrophages and osteoclasts. The role of this factor in regulating macrophage activation is often overlooked. This review will summarize our current understanding of the effects of CSF-1 on the activation state of mature macrophages and its role in regulating immune responses.
Extending HEVC by an affine motion model (2013)

Digital video coding standards apply hybrid coding. Each frame is partitioned into blocks of various sizes. For each block, motion compensated prediction with a translational motion model and prediction error coding is applied. The maximum block size of standards preceding HEVC is 16 × 16 samples, for HEVC it is increased to 64 × 64 samples. For non-translational motion the translational model leads to high data rate due to inaccurate prediction. Although an affine motion model can describe non-translational motion, the data rate of its additional parameters is often larger than the data rate reduction achieved by more accurate prediction, especially if small blocks are used. This paper investigates if HEVC's increased block size benefits the affine motion model. HEVC is extended such that for each block, either the translational or the affine motion model is used, selected by minimization of Lagrangian costs of data rate and summed absolute values of prediction error coefficients. For a set of ten test sequences of non-translational motion, the data rate is reduced by 6.3% in average and by 23.7% in maximum compared to HEVC at the same PSNR. Limiting the maximum block size to 16 × 16 samples, the average data rate reduction decreases to 0.1%, which proves synergy between the block size increase and the affine motion model.
Non Intrusive Load Monitoring (2015)

Buildings across the world contribute significantly to the overall energy consumption. Targeted feedback can help occupants optimise energy consumption. In our first work we present techniques for actionable feedback across fridges and air conditioning (HVAC) units, which can save upto 25% of fridge energy and identify homes needing feedback on HVAC setpoint schedule with 84% accuracy. In our next work, we do an extensive sensor deployment in a home in Delhi, India; monitoring appliance level power, home aggregate power and other ambient parameters. Our study presents various insights unseen in the developed world, such as: frequent voltage brownouts, poor network reliability, long lasting blackouts, heavy dominance of fridge and HVAC to overall energy consumption. Our study verifies that measuring appliance level power scales poorly in cost and maintenance. Non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) is viewed as a viable alternative where machine learning techniques are used to break down aggregate household energy consumption into contributing appliances. Despite the existence of a rich volume of literature in NILM, it remained virtually impossible to compare NILM works due to: i) lack of existence of benchmarks; ii) previous work tested on single data set; iii) inconsistent metrics. To address these challenges we developed an open source toolkit: Non-intrusive load monitoring toolkit (NILMTK), designed specifically to enable the comparison of NILM algorithms. While many new NILM techniques have been proposed in recent times, it is not clear if these can enable energy saving and whether higher accuracy translates to higher energy saving. We explore these questions in our recent work and find that existing energy disaggregation techniques do not provide power traces with sufficient fidelity to support the feedback techniques we developed in our earlier work. Our results indicate a need to revisit the metrics by which disaggregation is evaluated.
PD-L1 and intratumoral immune response in breast cancer (2017)

// Zhi-Qiang Wang 1, 4 , Katy Milne 1 , Heather Derocher 1, 2 , John R. Webb 1, 2 , Brad H. Nelson 1, 2, 3 and Peter H. Watson 1, 4 1 Trev &amp; Joyce Deeley Research Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada 2 Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada 3 Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada 4 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Correspondence to: Peter H. Watson, email: pwatson@bccancer.bc.ca Keywords: PD-L1, CD4, CD8, CD68, breast cancer Received: March 19, 2017&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Accepted: April 28, 2017&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Published: May 30, 2017 ABSTRACT Purpose: PD-L1 is thought to play an important role in the antitumor immune response. In this study, we investigated the expression of PD-L1 within breast tumor subsets to better define its prognostic significance. Methods: Immunohistochemistry was performed to determine PD-L1 tumor cell expression and to enumerate CD8, CD4 and CD68 tumor-infiltrating leucocytes (TIL) in a cohort of 443 breast cancers categorized by molecular subtype. Results: Across the entire cohort, PD-L1 tumor cell expression was observed in 73/443 (16.5%) cases and associated with known indicators of poor prognosis, including low patient age, high tumor grade, ER/PR negative status, but not with outcome. However, in the Triple Negative breast cancer subset PD-L1 was associated with better recurrence free survival (RFS) especially within the Basal-like subset (Hazard ratio = 0.39, 95% CI = 0.22 - 0.86, p = 0.018). Combined PD-L1/epithelial CD8 positive status was also strongly associated with better RFS and OS (Hazard ratio = 0.12, 95% CI = 0.10 - 0.71, p = 0.010 and Hazard ratio = 0.11, 95% CI = 0.11 - 0.68, p = 0.006 respectively) in the Basal-like subgroup. Conclusions: PD-L1 expression is associated with better patient survival in Basal-like breast cancer.
Automatic Extraction and Verification of Page Transitions in aWeb Application (2007)

Demand for reliability in Web applications has increased greatly in recent years as they have begun to be used more for enterprise applications. Model checking is an effective way to increase software reliability, but because most Web applications have short delivery times, preparation and application costs make it difficult to introduce model-checking techniques into the development process. In this paper, we propose a technique for automatically extracting page transitions from a Web application that has been developed using a Web application framework, such as Struts configuration files and Java Server Page templates, and transforming it into a format that can be used by existing model-checking tools. Using the proposed technique, Web application developers will be able to reduce the preparation and application costs of introducing model-checking techniques.
[Treatment of focal dystonia with botulinum toxin]. (1991)

Focal dystonia and hemifacial spasms are difficult to treat. Medication and surgery may suppress the dystonic movements but the improvement is not satisfactory. The present article reviews use of Botulinum toxin in cases of focal dystonia. Injections of very small doses of Botulinum A toxin into the affected muscles is a new and efficient therapy for patients with focal dystonia. The toxin acts by inhibiting the release of acetylcholine from the nerve terminal, leading to a localized paralysis of the treated muscle. The effect is temporary and gradually diminishes, but the treatment can be repeated. The use of Botulinum toxin must be applied on the basis of a thorough knowledge of its effect and possible side effects.
Design and Implementation of a High-performance Digital IF Receiver (2002)

A high performance digital IF radar receiver which uses IF echo and COHO joint process algorithm, field sampling, field processing and remote transmission is introduced. Its performance can meet the requirements of modern high performance radar system.
Protein Standardization IV: Value Transfer. Procedure for the Assignment of Serum Protein Values from a Reference Preparation to a Target Material (2001)

A new approach for the assignment of values to serum proteins in a target material using a reference preparation has been developed. The procedure describes the general as well as the practical principles involved in the value assignment (with examples). Two models have been developed: 1) The direct value transfer between serum matrices and 2) the indirect value transfer from a pure protein preparation to a serum protein material. The necessary mathematical equations are developed and explained. The data reduction and statistical evaluation are discussed. The practical procedure (the transfer protocol) is based on six dilutions of the reference preparation assayed together with six dilutions of the target material. In this way imprecision is reduced and the proportionality of the two materials (i.e. the presence or absence of matrix effects) can be assessed directly by evaluating a single regression plot. If no matrix effects are found, the regression line will pass through zero with a slope equal to the ratio of the concentrations of the two materials. The transfer protocol is based on a multiple point value assignment obtained by several measurements a day repeated on several days, an important prerequisite being that all reconstitutions and dilutions are controlled by weighing.
Competitive and cooperative dynamics of large-scale brain functional networks supporting recollection (2012)

Analyses of functional interactions between large-scale brain networks have identified two broad systems that operate in apparent competition or antagonism with each other. One system, termed the default mode network (DMN), is thought to support internally oriented processing. The other system acts as a generic external attention system (EAS) and mediates attention to exogenous stimuli. Reports that the DMN and EAS show anticorrelated activity across a range of experimental paradigms suggest that competition between these systems supports adaptive behavior. Here, we used functional MRI to characterize functional interactions between the DMN and different EAS components during performance of a recollection task known to coactivate regions of both networks. Using methods to isolate task-related, context-dependent changes in functional connectivity between these systems, we show that increased cooperation between the DMN and a specific right-lateralized frontoparietal component of the EAS is associated with more rapid memory recollection. We also show that these cooperative dynamics are facilitated by a dynamic reconfiguration of the functional architecture of the DMN into core and transitional modules, with the latter serving to enhance integration with frontoparietal regions. In particular, the right posterior cingulate cortex may act as a critical information-processing hub that provokes these context-dependent reconfigurations from an intrinsic or default state of antagonism. Our findings highlight the dynamic, context-dependent nature of large-scale brain dynamics and shed light on their contribution to individual differences in behavior.
Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithms in Aeronautical and Aerospace Engineering (2012)

Nowadays, the solution of multiobjective optimization problems in aeronautical and aerospace engineering has become a standard practice. These two fields offer highly complex search spaces with different sources of difficulty, which are amenable to the use of alternative search techniques such as metaheuristics, since they require little domain information to operate. From the several metaheuristics available, multiobjective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) have become particularly popular, mainly because of their availability, ease of use, and flexibility. This paper presents a taxonomy and a comprehensive review of applications of MOEAs in aeronautical and aerospace design problems. The review includes both the characteristics of the specific MOEA adopted in each case, as well as the features of the problems being solved with them. The advantages and disadvantages of each type of approach are also briefly addressed. We also provide a set of general guidelines for using and designing MOEAs for aeronautical and aerospace engineering problems. In the final part of the paper, we provide some potential paths for future research, which we consider promising within this area.
Task adaptation for dialogues via telephone lines (2002)

The paper describes our successful ongoing approaches toward better recognition accuracy for flexible interactive systems in automatic speech recognition. Degradation in performance of speech recognition systems is observed whenever any current application differs from the conditions during training time. Main speaker independent causes for these deteriorations are changes in transmission channels and changes in the task to be fulfilled. We present our results of research on changing tasks, i.e. more specifically on changing dictionaries. We propose an in-service adaptation technique that is speaker independent, works under unsupervised conditions, and has a long term memory. On 2000 adaptation words, a reduction of error rate of more than 40% at negligible computational costs is achieved.
Acromegaly: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline (2014)

Using an evidence-based approach, this acromegaly guideline addresses important clinical issues regarding the evaluation and management of acromegaly, including the appropriate biochemical assessment, a therapeutic algorithm, including use of medical monotherapy or combination therapy, and management during pregnancy.
Improving poor in vitro transcription from G,C-rich genes (1990)

Journal Article Improving poor in vitro transcription from G,C-rich genes Get access Revital Ben Aziz, Revital Ben Aziz Departments of Biological Chemistry, The Life Sciences Institute, The Hebrew University of JerusalemIsrael 91904 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Hermona Sereq Hermona Sereq * Departments of Biological Chemistry, The Life Sciences Institute, The Hebrew University of JerusalemIsrael 91904 *To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 18, Issue 11, 11 June 1990, Page 3418, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/18.11.3418 Published: 11 June 1990 Article history Received: 24 April 1990 Published: 11 June 1990
New perfluoroalkyl telomeric non‐ionic surfactants: synthesis, physicochemical and biological properties (1992)

Abstract Both the experimental conditions and the kinetic parameters governing the telomerization of hydroxy‐functional acryloyl derivatives in the presence of perfluoroalkanethiols were determined with the purpose of synthesizing new amphiphilic telomers with high surface activity for the preparation of stable perfluoro emulsions capable of carrying oxygen in vivo. Several perfluoro‐alkylated non‐ionic telomeric surfactants (F m TAC n ) were obtained in one step with an average yield of 80%, by free‐radical telomerization of tris(hydroxymethyl)acrylamidomethane in the presence of various perfluoroalkanethiols as chain‐transfer reagents. Surface activity, critical micelle concentration and emulsifying capability established the superiority of the F m TAC n surfactants over Pluronic® F68, the major surfactant used presently in the FDA‐approved injectable fluorocarbon emulsion: Fluosol®.
Characterization of anticancer agents by their growth inhibitory activity and relationships to mechanism of action and structure. (2000)

An analysis of the growth inhibitory potency of 122 anticancer agents available from the National Cancer Institute anticancer drug screen is presented. Methods of singular value decomposition (SVD) were applied to determine the matrix of distances between all compounds. These SVD-derived dissimilarity distances were used to cluster compounds that exhibit similar tumor growth inhibitory activity patterns against 60 human cancer cell lines. Cluster analysis divides the 122 standard agents into 25 statistically distinct groups. The first eight groups include structurally diverse compounds with reactive functionalities that act as DNA-damaging agents while the remaining 17 groups include compounds that inhibit nucleic acid biosynthesis and mitosis. Examination of the average activity patterns across the 60 tumor cell lines reveals unique 'fingerprints' associated with each group. A diverse set of structural features are observed for compounds within these groups, with frequent occurrences of strong within-group structural similarities. Clustering of cell types by their response to the 122 anticancer agents divides the 60 cell types into 21 groups. The strongest within-panel groupings were found for the renal, leukemia and ovarian cell panels. These results contribute to the basis for comparisons between log(GI(50)) screening patterns of the 122 anticancer agents and additional tested compounds.
[Epidural application of opiates in chronic pain due to malignoma (author's transl)]. (1981)

In 75 patients epidural opiates were applied for relief of chronic cancer pain. In order to avoid local infection during long-term therapy part of the catheter was placed subcutaneously. Different opiates were used separately or in combination with local anaesthetics to define the degree and duration of pain relief after epidural opiate application. Haemodynamic and respiratory parameters, changes in lower extremity blood supply and other side-effects were recorded during epidural pain therapy. Epidural opiate application cause a long-lasting reduction of pain, which may become restricted during long-term or repeated use, especially after a period of systemic opiate therapy. Side-effects, for example slight respiratory depression in the first hour after injection, indicate an initial phase of resorption beeing followed by a long-lasting reduction of pain without attendant symptoms. Keeping in mind certain precautions epidural opiate therapy is superior to systemic opiate application.
Introducción a la Investigación Operativa (2005)

Con el objetivo de proporcionar una mejor comprension de la actividades desarrolladas por la Investigacion Operativa; el presente trabajo traza una historiografia de la Investigacion Operativa, delimitando la frontera de la misma en el terreno de su marco conceptual e historico. Respecto al marco conceptual, el objeto de estudio de la Investigacion Operativa es colocando como la toma cientifica de decisiones mediante el empleo de tecnicas cuantitativas; destacandose el crecimiento de la Investigacion Operativa, de 1945 a la actualidad. Por ultimo son presentados ejemplos de problemas donde la Programacion Lineal desarrolla un papel fundamental.
Bovine papilloma virus (BPV)-encoded E2 protein enhances binding of E1 protein to the BPV replication origin. (1993)

The replication of bovine papilloma virus (BPV) DNA in vivo requires two viral-encoded proteins, E1 and E2, while all other proteins are derived from the host. We described previously the isolation of the E1 protein and showed that it contains multiple functions required for BPV DNA replication. The BPV transcription factor E2 was shown by others to stimulate BPV DNA replication in vitro. Here, we present results that account for the role of the E2 protein. The E1 protein bound selectively to the BPV minimal origin of replication. This process required MgCl2 and ATP for maximal efficiency. The E1 protein also catalyzed a BPV origin-dependent DNA unwinding reaction. In this report, we show that at low levels of E1 protein, origin binding could be stimulated up to 40-fold by the E2 protein, provided that the DNA contained an E2 binding site. Consistent with this result, the E2 protein stimulated the origin-specific unwinding reaction catalyzed by E1, but it had no effect on the nonspecific E1-catalyzed helicase activity. In the absence of an E2 binding site, both origin-dependent binding and unwinding reactions with the E1 protein were unaffected by the E2 protein. These results suggest that E2 participates in the initiation of BPV DNA replication by enhancing E1 binding to the BPV origin via DNA-protein and protein-protein interactions.