gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Safety and efficacy of oxaliplatin/fluoropyrimidine regimens with or without bevacizumab as first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC): Final analysis of the TREE-Study (2006)

3510 Background: The addition of bevacizumab (bev) to fluorouracil-based combination chemotherapy results in statistically significant improvement in survival among patients (pts) with mCRC. This randomized, multicenter trial was designed to assess the safety, tolerability and efficacy of each of three oxaliplatin (OX) plus bolus (b), infusional, or oral fluoropyrimidine (FP) regimens without (TREE1 cohort) or with (TREE2 cohort) bev for 1 st line tx of mCRC. Methods: Eligibility included age ≥ 18 years, measurable, untreated mCRC, ECOG performance status ≤1. Primary endpoint: incidence of grade (gr) 3–4 toxicities (tox) on each arm during the 1 st 12 weeks of therapy; secondary endpoints: ORR, TTP, OS. Regimens TREE-1: FOLFOX: OX 85mg/m 2 , leucovorin (LV) 350mg, 5-FU bolus 400mg/m 2 and 2400mg/m 2 CIV over 46 hours ; bFOL : OX 85mg/m 2 days (d) 1&amp;15, LV 20 mg/m 2 and bolus 5-FU 500mg/m 2 d 1,8,15 q 4 wks; CapeOx: OX 130 mg/m 2 d 1, Capecitabine 1000–850 mg/m 2 bid for 14 d. In TREE-2 bev 5 mg/kg q14 or 7.5 q 21 d was added. Results: 147 pts were treated in TREE1 and 213 treated in TREE2. Overall, incidence of any gr 3–4 toxicity (TREE1 vs. TREE2 respectively) = FOLFOX 75% vs. 66%, bFOL 42% vs. 59%, CapeOx 73% vs. 54%. Addition of bev in TREE2 caused more gr 3–4 hypertension, impaired wound healing, and bowel perforation in each arm. Confirmed ITT ORR (TREE1 vs TREE2 respectively) = FOLFOX 41% vs.52%, bFOL 20% vs.39%, CapeOx 27% vs. 46%. Median TTP (months) + 95% CI (TREE1 vs TREE2 respectively) = FOLFOX 8.7 (6.5, 9.8) vs. 9.9 (7.9, 11.7), bFOL 6.9 (4.2, 8.0) vs. 8.3 (6.6, 9.9), CapeOx 5.9 (5.1, 7.4) vs.10.3 (8.6, 12.5). Probability of survival at 18 months (TREE1 vs. TREE2 respectively) = FOLFOX 53% vs. 63%, bFOL 50% vs. 63%, CapeOx 49% vs. 68%. As of January 9, 2006, 56 TREE1 pts (38%) and 122 TREE2 pts (57%) are alive. Conclusions: These data demonstrate these three Ox/FP regimens to be tolerable and effective. Addition of bev to Ox/FP regimens improves response rate and TTP with acceptable tolerability, and no unexpected toxicity. [Table: see text]
Biomolecular recognition using submicron laser lithography (1998)

Direct beam biomolecular patterning on gold-coated glass substrates, using diffraction limited near infrared laser spot, is used for DNA recognition and specific ligand-receptor interactions. Using a microscope objective lens, a near infrared laser beam is focused onto a glass slide coated with 50-Å gold film. Localized laser absorption results in partial melting and ablation of gold. Spatially moving the laser spot, a stable etched gold pattern is obtained at submicron resolution. During the process, submicron particles in suspension aggregate along the melted gold film. The submicron particles are themselves coated with specific biomolecules, like the protein avidin or single stranded DNA oligomers, for specific biomolecular recognition. This opens many possibilities for biomolecular networks, biochip microfabrication, and bioelectronic circuitry.
Calcium-Dependent Heparin-Like Ligands For L-Selectin in Nonlymphoid Endothelial Cells (1993)

L-Selectin is a calcium-dependent mammalian lectin that mediates lymphocyte trafficking by recognizing sialylated ligands on high endothelial venules in lymph nodes. Although L-selectin probably mediates neutrophil extravasation into nonlymphoid tissues, no corresponding ligand has been characterized. Staining of cultured endothelial cells with an L-selectin chimera (LS-Rg) showed an internal pool of ligands. Metabolic labeling with sulfur-35-labeled sulfate revealed heparin lyase-sensitive ligands that bound LS-Rg in a calcium-dependent, sialic acid-independent manner. A fraction of commercial heparin bound to LS-Rg and LS-Rg bound to heparin-agarose, both in a calcium-dependent manner. Thus, L-selectin recognizes endothelial heparin-like chains, which could be physiological ligands mediating leucocyte trafficking.
Multi-layer interconnections in silicon MCMs (1998)

New information on the microwave behaviour of multi-layer interconnections in silicon MCM structures is presented. Simulated and measured data over the frequency range 45MH-40GHz have been obtained for VIA interconnections and also to show the effects of combining signal and power layers in a single MCM interconnection block.
Storing a Sparse Table with <i>0</i> (1) Worst Case Access Time (1984)

A data structure for representing a set of n items from a umverse of m items, which uses space n + o(n) and accommodates membership queries m constant time is described. Both the data structure and the query algorithm are easy to ~mplement.
Addressable multi-nozzle electrohydrodynamic jet printing with high consistency by multi-level voltage method (2015)

It is critical and challenging to achieve the individual jetting ability and high consistency in multi-nozzle electrohydrodynamic jet printing (E-jet printing). We proposed multi-level voltage method (MVM) to implement the addressable E-jet printing using multiple parallel nozzles with high consistency. The fabricated multi-nozzle printhead for MVM consists of three parts: PMMA holder, stainless steel capillaries (27G, outer diameter 400 μm) and FR-4 extractor layer. The key of MVM is to control the maximum meniscus electric field on each nozzle. The individual jetting control can be implemented when the rings under the jetting nozzles are 0 kV and the other rings are 0.5 kV. The onset electric field for each nozzle is ∼3.4 kV/mm by numerical simulation. Furthermore, a series of printing experiments are performed to show the advantage of MVM in printing consistency than the “one-voltage method” and “improved E-jet method”, by combination with finite element analyses. The good dimension consistency (274μm, 276μm, 280μm) and position consistency of the droplet array on the hydrophobic Si substrate verified the enhancements. It shows that MVM is an effective technique to implement the addressable E-jet printing with multiple parallel nozzles in high consistency.
A New Method for the Purification of Human Eosinophils and Neutrophils, and a Comparison of the Ability of These Cells to Damage Schistosomula of <i>Schistosoma Mansoni</i> (1979)

Abstract Centrifugation of human white blood cells over either Ficoll-Hypaque or slightly hypertonic Metrizamide discontinuous gradients reliably produces separate fractions that are enriched for either neutrophilic or eosinophilic granulocytes. This single step purification routinely yields 90 to 100% pure neutrophils and 85 to 100% pure eosinophils. Metrizamide gradients, in particular, reproducibly provide high yields of 90 to 100% pure eosinophils from normal subjects with 2 to 3% eosinophils in their peripheral blood. The method does not damage cells as judged by morphologic or functional criteria. The purified cell populations were tested for their ability to damage antibody-coated schistosomula either by the measurement of 51Cr release from labeled organisms, or by direct morphologic assessment. Neutrophils were superior in their ability to release 51Cr from labeled organisms, but eosinophils adhered to the organisms to a greater extent and induced microscopically detectable damage.
Cyclic AMP and the induction of eukaryotic gene transcription. (1988)

L'AMPc coordonne differentes voies metaboliques allant de la degradation du glycogene dans le foie des mammiferes a la synthese d'enzymes specifiques impliquees dans le metabolisme energetique d'Escherichia coli. Cet article s'interesse a la regulation de la transcription des genes par l'AMPc dans les cellules de mammiferes
Impact of Low Muscularity and Myosteatosis on Long-term Outcome After Curative Colorectal Cancer Surgery: A Propensity Score–Matched Analysis (2018)

Myopenia and myosteatosis adversely affect long-term outcomes after curative colorectal cancer resection. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/A463.
Altered levels of protein kinase C and Ca2+-dependent protein kinases in human colon carcinomas. (1987)

Protein kinase C (PKC) is a Ca2+- and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase which is implicated in tumor promotion, since it has been demonstrated to be a high affinity receptor for tumor promoters such as 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. Colon carcinogenesis appears to proceed through distinct stages of initiation and promotion. The present studies show that PKC and calcium-dependent protein kinase specific activities are reduced in human colon carcinomas when compared to their normal adjacent colon mucosa. There were significantly higher Ca2+-dependent protein kinase and PKC specific activities observed in both the cytosolic and particulate fractions of the normal mucosa relative to the corresponding values obtained with the carcinoma fractions. The average specific activity ratios were 5.1 (normal cytosolic/carcinoma cytosolic) and 3.7 (normal particulate/carcinoma particulate) for PKC. PKC activity was reduced in the carcinoma tissues with respect to both protein and tissue weight. The percentage of Ca2+-dependent protein kinase and PKC activities that were present in the particulate fraction of each of the samples varied considerably among tissues, and in general there was no systematic difference between the carcinoma and normal mucosa samples. However, in the carcinoma samples that contained an extensive admixture of benign adenomatous tissue, the particulate fractions consistently contained greater than 60% of the total Ca2+-dependent protein kinase and PKC activities. The present studies indicate that colon carcinogenesis is associated with alterations in cellular levels of protein kinase activities.
Microcalorimetric Study of the Acidic Character of Modified Metal Oxide Surfaces. Influence of the Loading Amount on Alumina, Magnesia, and Silica (1996)

The modification of the acid/base properties of a series of oxide supports (alumina, magnesia, and silica) modified by increasing loadings of additive ions (Li+, Ni2+, and SO42-) from 1% to 50% of the support surface coverage is reported using adsorption microcalorimetry of NH3 and SO2 as acidic and basic probe molecules. The curves of differential heat of adsorption versus the coverage have shown that the acidic properties of alumina were weakly modified when 1% of the support surface was covered by the guest ion. The acid/base properties of silica and magnesia were much more easily enhanced by the additives. A high guest oxide loading (50% of surface coverage) led to very strong modifications of the surface acid−base behavior depending on the support and the additive. Volumetric measurements allowed us to quantify the number of acid/base sites, to express them in terms of ion specific effect, and also to search for correlations, in the case of high loadings, with Tanabe's and Seiyama's hypotheses on the acidity of mixed oxides.
From Zero-shot Learning to Conventional Supervised Classification: Unseen Visual Data Synthesis (2017)

Robust object recognition systems usually rely on powerful feature extraction mechanisms from a large number of real images. However, in many realistic applications, collecting sufficient images for ever-growing new classes is unattainable. In this paper, we propose a new Zero-shot learning (ZSL) framework that can synthesise visual features for unseen classes without acquiring real images. Using the proposed Unseen Visual Data Synthesis (UVDS) algorithm, semantic attributes are effectively utilised as an intermediate clue to synthesise unseen visual features at the training stage. Hereafter, ZSL recognition is converted into the conventional supervised problem, i.e. the synthesised visual features can be straightforwardly fed to typical classifiers such as SVM. On four benchmark datasets, we demonstrate the benefit of using synthesised unseen data. Extensive experimental results suggest that our proposed approach significantly improve the state-of-the-art results.
Acquired resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors in cancer cells is mediated by loss of IGF-binding proteins (2008)

Although some cancers are initially sensitive to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), resistance invariably develops. We investigated mechanisms of acquired resistance to the EGFR TKI gefitinib by generating gefitinib-resistant (GR) A431 squamous cancer cells. In GR cells, gefitinib reduced phosphorylation of EGFR, ErbB-3, and Erk but not Akt. These cells also showed hyperphosphorylation of the IGFI receptor (IGFIR) and constitutive association of IRS-1 with PI3K. Inhibition of IGFIR signaling disrupted the association of IRS-1 with PI3K and restored the ability of gefitinib to downregulate PI3K/Akt signaling and to inhibit GR cell growth. Gene expression analyses revealed that GR cells exhibited markedly reduced IGF-binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) and IGFBP-4 RNA. Addition of recombinant IGFBP-3 restored the ability of gefitinib to downregulate PI3K/Akt signaling and to inhibit cell growth. Finally, gefitinib treatment of mice with A431 xenografts in combination with an IGFIR-specific monoclonal antibody prevented tumor recurrence, whereas each drug given alone was unable to do so. These data suggest that loss of expression of IGFBPs in tumor cells treated with EGFR TKIs derepresses IGFIR signaling, which in turn mediates resistance to EGFR antagonists. Moreover, combined therapeutic inhibition of EGFR and IGFIR may abrogate this acquired mechanism of drug resistance and is thus worthy of prospective clinical investigation.
Implications of three-center, two-electron M--H--C bonding for related alkyl migration reactions: design and study of an ethylene polymerization catalyst (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTImplications of three-center, two-electron M--H--C bonding for related alkyl migration reactions: design and study of an ethylene polymerization catalystGregory F. Schmidt and Maurice BrookhartCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 5, 1443–1444Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00291a073https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00291a073research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views774Altmetric-Citations105LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Depth profiles of interstitial oxygen concentrations in silicon subjected to three-step annealing (1984)

In relation to intrinsic gettering, the dependence of denuded zone width and thermally induced microdefect density on thermal conditions are investigated in a three-step annealing procedure consisting of high temperature annealing, low temperature, and dry O2 oxidation at 1000 °C. Additionally, depth profiles of interstitial oxygen concentrations are studied using thermal conversion. The obtained results show that at least an initial interstitial oxygen concentration above 8×1017 cm−3 is required to achieve efficient intrinsic gettering. The depth profile obtained after the third annealing is not the simple out-diffusion profile approximated by an error function, but one with a peak in the denuded zone. The dependence of depth profiles on a third annealing condition indicates that the formation of the peak in the depth profile can be ascribed to a reduction of interstitial oxygen resulting from precipitation in the bulk region. In order to explain the obtained profiles, we propose a simple diffusion model which takes into consideration the oxygen precipitation in the bulk region. By comparing the calculated profiles with the experimental ones, it is proved that this model can be used to estimate depth profiles under various annealing conditions.
Early detection and characterization of Alzheimer's disease in clinical scenarios using Bioprofile concepts and K-means (2011)

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease in elderly people. There is a need for objective means to detect AD early to allow targeted interventions and to monitor response to treatment. To help clinicians in these tasks, we propose the creation of the Bioprofile of AD. A Bioprofile should reveal key patterns of a disease in the subject's biodata. We applied k-means clustering to data features taken from the ADNI database to divide the subjects into pathologic and non-pathologic groups in five clinical scenarios. The preliminary results confirm previous findings and show that there is an important AD pattern in the biodata of controls, AD, and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) patients. Furthermore, the Bioprofile could help in the early detection of AD at the MCI stage since it divided the MCI subjects into groups with different rates of conversion to AD.
Surgical-tools detection based on Convolutional Neural Network in laparoscopic robot-assisted surgery (2017)

Laparoscopic surgery, a type of minimally invasive surgery, is used in a variety of clinical surgeries because it has a faster recovery rate and causes less pain. However, in general, the robotic system used in laparoscopic surgery can cause damage to the surgical instruments, organs, or tissues during surgery due to a narrow field of view and operating space, and insufficient tactile feedback. This study proposes real-time models for the detection of surgical instruments during laparoscopic surgery by using a CNN(Convolutional Neural Network). A dataset included information of the 7 surgical tools is used for learning CNN. To track surgical instruments in real time, unified architecture of YOLO apply to the models. So as to evaluate performance of the suggested models, degree of recall and precision is calculated and compared. Finally, we achieve 72.26% mean average precision over our dataset.
Corrosion Resistant Properties of Tantalum (1995)

Abstract Due to its inherent corrosion resistance, tantalum is used to handle aggressive chemicals in the chemical processing industry. Two primary modes of applications are as liners inside steel vessels and as wrought products. This paper discusses the electrochemical properties responsible for tantalum’s corrosion resistant behavior. It also describes the processing methods for both the lining and the wrought products. A brief review of the past industrial applications and recent developments follows. The role of emerging technologies such as coatings (plasma, CVD) instead of liners is also briefly reviewed.
Uniform High-Current Cathodes Using Massive Arrays of Si Field Emitters Individually Controlled by Vertical Si Ungated FETs—Part 2: Device Fabrication and Characterization (2011)

We report the demonstration of electron sources that achieve high-current and uniform emission using dense arrays of Si field emitters (FEs) that are individually ballasted by a current source. Each FE is fabricated on top of a vertical ungated field-effect transistor (FET), a two-terminal device based on a very-high-aspect-ratio Si column. The ungated FET takes advantage of the velocity saturation of electrons in silicon, the high aspect ratio of the ungated FET, and the doping concentration to achieve current-source-like behavior to obtain reliable uniform and high-current electron emission. Emitted currents in excess of 0.48 A were demonstrated.
Receptor binding and signal transduction are dissociable functions requiring different sites on follicle-stimulating hormone (1994)

Separate sites for glycoprotein hormone receptor binding and signal transduction have yet to be elucidated. In general, certain peptide regions are thought to be critical for receptor binding, whereas the oligosacharides are thought to be important for signal transduction. Using site-directed mutagenesis of FSH, we made selective amino acid substitutions and oligosaccharide alterations to try and identify specific sites mediating receptor binding distinct from signal transduction and vice versa. We substituted Lys or Asp for beta Arg35 in the purported receptor binding loop between cysteine-32 and -51, and we substituted Gln for alpha Asn52, alpha Asn78, beta Asn7, or beta Asn24, the attachment sites for each of the oligosaccharide side-chains. We determined the binding and signal-transducing activity of wild-type and mutant human FSH at the human FSH receptor, as recent data suggest that glycoprotein hormone-receptor interactions are species specific. The binding activities of FSH with Lys or Asp substituted for beta Arg35 were reduced 71% and 98%, respectively, but their signal transduction, at equivalent levels of binding activity, was unaffected. The binding activity of FSH lacking the oligosaccharide at alpha Asn52 was enhanced 2- to 3-fold, but its signal-transducing activity, at equivalent levels of receptor binding, was decreased 72%. In contrast, the binding and signal-transducing activities of FSH lacking the alpha Asn78, or alpha Asn7, or beta Asn24 oligosaccharide were unaffected. Thus, a specific amino acid (beta Arg35) is important for high affinity binding, but is not involved in signal transduction, whereas a specific oligosaccharide (alpha Asn52) is important for signal transduction, but is not required for high affinity binding. Therefore, receptor binding and signal transduction are dissociable functions involving different sites on the FSH glycoprotein.
Somatic mutation‐mediated evolution of herbicide resistance in the nonindigenous invasive plant hydrilla (<i>Hydrilla verticillata</i>) (2004)

Hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata L.f. Royle) was introduced to the surface water of Florida in the 1950s and is today one of the most serious aquatic weed problems in the USA. As a result of concerns associated with the applications of pesticides to aquatic systems, fluridone is the only USEPA-approved chemical that provides systemic control of hydrilla. After a decrease in fluridone's efficacy at controlling hydrilla, 200 Florida water bodies were sampled to determine the extent of the problem and the biological basis for the reduced efficacy. Our studies revealed that hydrilla phenotypes with two- to six-fold higher fluridone resistance were present in 20 water bodies. Since fluridone is an inhibitor of the enzyme phytoene desaturase (PDS), the gene for PDS (pds) was cloned from herbicide-susceptible and -resistant hydrilla plants. We report for the first time in higher plants three independent herbicide-resistant hydrilla biotypes arising from the selection of somatic mutations at the arginine 304 codon of pds. The three PDS variants had specific activities similar to the wild-type enzyme but were two to five times less sensitive to fluridone. In vitro activity levels of the enzymes correlated with in vivo resistance of the corresponding biotypes. As hydrilla spread rapidly to lakes across the southern United States in the past, the expansion of resistant biotypes is likely to pose significant environmental challenges in the future.