gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Kinetics of epidermal production during epidermal regeneration following abrasion in mice. (1976)

A technique is presented which allows us to measure total increases in epidermal wet weight on the back of a mouse during epidermal regeneration, thus for the first time permitting us to determine the kinetics of increase of epidermal mass during epidermal regeneration. Within 2 days after removal of the epidermis by abrasion with an emery wheel, in mice in the resting phase of the hair growth cycle, the epidermis begins to be regenerated from the cells of the underlying resting hair follicles. By Day 3 epidermal wet weight is 70% of normal. By Day 4 it is 1.97 times normal and reaches its peak of 3.8 times normal by 5 days. Associated with this increase in epidermal wet weight is a two times increase in the number of epidermal cells per millimeter of interfollicular epidermis. However, the change in the number of cells is not uniform for all types of epidermal cells. Suprabasal cells increase 4.6 times by 7 days, whereas the basal cells actually decrease to 60% of normal levels. Colchicine mitotic count is increased almost 18-fold by Day 3 and remains above control levels for the rest of the experimental period. Many mitoses appear in the suprabasal layers.
Cyclitol production in transgenic tobacco (1993)

High levels of cyclic sugar alcohols (cyclitols) correlate with tolerance to osmotic stress in a number of plant species. A gene encoding a cyclitol biosynthesis enzyme from a halophyte, Mesembryanthemum crystallinum has been introduced into tobacco. The gene, lmt1 , encodes a myo ‐inositol O ‐methyl transferase that, in M. crystallinum , catalyzes the first step in the stress‐induced accumulation of the cyclitol pinitol. Tobacco transformed with the lmt1 cDNA under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter appeared phenotypically normal and exhibited IMT1 enzyme activity. Transformants accumulated a carbohydrate product not detectable in non‐transformed control plants. This product was identified by HPLC and NMR as ononitol (1‐ d ‐4‐ O ‐methyl myo ‐inositol). Ononitol was a major carbohydrate constituent in leaf tissue of plants expressing the lmt1 gene, accumulating to up to 25% the level of sucrose in transformant seedlings. The identification of ononitol as the IMT1 product and the specific accumulation of this compound in transformed tobacco support a role for ononitol as a stable intermediate in pinitol biosynthesis and indicate that an epimerization activity lacking in tobacco is responsible for the conversion of ononitol to pinitol in M. crystallinum . The production of ononitol in tobacco indicates that plant carbohydrate metabolism is flexible and can accommodate the synthesis and accumulation of non‐endogenous metabolites. The transgenic system described here will serve as a useful model to test the ability of cyclitols such as ononitol to confer tolerance to environmental stress in a normally glycophytic plant.
Contributions of Striatal Subregions to Place and Response Learning (2004)

The involvement of different subregions of the striatum in place and response learning was examined using a T-maze. Rats were given NMDA lesions of the dorsolateral striatum (DLS), anterior dorsomedial striatum (ADMS), posterior dorsomedial striatum (PDMS), or sham surgery. They were then trained to retrieve food from the west arm of the maze, starting from the south arm, by turning left at the choice point. After 7 d of training, with four trials a day, a probe test was given in which the starting arm is inserted as the north arm, at the opposite side of the maze. A left turn would indicate a "response" strategy; a right turn, a "place" strategy. The rats were then trained for 7 more days, followed by a second probe test. Unlike rats in the other groups, most of the rats in the PDMS group turned left, using the response strategy on both probe tests. These results suggest that the PDMS plays a role in spatially guided behavior.
Phase Diagrams to Optimize Surfactant Solutions for Oil and DNAPL Recovery in Aquifers (1993)

Abstract Phase diagrams can be used to optimize the composition of surfactant solutions (cosurfactant/surfactant) designed for the recovery of DNAPLs at residual saturation in aquifer formations. The study also shows that the combination of cosurfactant (alcohol) and surfactant is more effective than the use of alcohols or surfactants separately. The suggested approach is based on miscible oil displacement using surfactant solutions at high concentrations. Most of the recent projects using surfactants for aquifer cleanup use low‐concentration solutions that promote immiscible oil displacement. The goal of the present study is to demonstrate the potential of optimized surfactant solutions to restore oil and DNAPL‐contaminated sites such as the one in Ville Mercier, Quebec (site contaminated with a mixture of petroleum and chlorinated solvents). The results show that alcohol/surfactant systems can be used to solubilize chlorinated solvents (TCE, PCE) and light oils (gasoline, diesel). For the dissolution of heavy and viscous oils (motor oil, ATF, creosote, Ville Mercier oil), an organic solvent must be added to the alcohol/surfactant system.
Synthesis of Peptidosulfinamides and Peptidosulfonamides: Peptidomimetics Containing the Sulfinamide or Sulfonamide Transition-State Isostere (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of Peptidosulfinamides and Peptidosulfonamides: Peptidomimetics Containing the Sulfinamide or Sulfonamide Transition-State IsostereWilna J. Moree, Gijs A. van der Marel, and Rob J. LiskampCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 16, 5157–5169Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00121a038https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00121a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1675Altmetric-Citations126LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (4)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
The Prevention of Mode Errors Through Sensory Feedback (1992)

The use of different kinds of feedback in preventing mode errors was investigated. Two experiments examined the frequency of mode errors in a text-editing task where a mode error was defined as an attempt to issue navigation commands while in insert mode, or an attempt to insert text while in command mode. In Experiment 1, the effectiveness of kinesthetic versus visual feedback was compared in four different conditions: the use of keyboard versus foot pedal for changing mode (kinesthetic feedback), crossed with the presence or absence of visual feedback to indicate mode. The results showed both kinesthetic and visual feedback to be effective in reducing mode errors. However, kinesthetic was more effective than visual feedback both in terms of reducing errors and in terms of reducing the cognitive load associated with mode changes. Experiment 2 tested the hypothesis that the superiority of this kinesthetic feedback was due to the fact that the foot pedal required subjects actively to maintain insert mode. The results confirmed that the use of a nonlatching foot pedal for switching modes provided a more salient source of information on mode state than the use of a latching pedal. On the basis of these results, we argue that user-maintained mode states prevent mode errors more effectively than system-maintained mode states.
A scheme for privacy-preserving ontology mapping (2014)

Due to the rapid proliferation of ontology-based information systems and networks, there are strong demands for ontology-mapping in a privacy-aware way. To this problem, in this paper, we propose Privacy-Preserving Quick Ontology Mapping (P2QOM), a privacy-preserving ontology mapping scheme based on Quick Ontology Mapping (QOM). The idea is to implement QOM, a well-known ontology-mapping scheme, in a privacy-preserving setting. More precisely, we assume a (untrusted) third party. In each client, the ontology being matched is converted into a set of features, and they are transmitted to the third party after obfuscation. The schema mapping is performed in the third party by exploiting some techniques for computing the similarity between the obfuscated features. The experimental results reveal that the proposed scheme is comparable to the original (non-privacy preserving) QOM in terms of both accuracy and performance, though the proposed scheme involves some extra overheads.
Inhibition of Cancer Cell Growth by Internalized Immuno-histone Conjugates (1996)

MAb NS 88 directed against breast cancer cells, which is internalized and translocated to the cell nucleus, was conjugated with histone and labeled with 125I. 125I-MAb-histone complexes (M(r) 250,000) were internalized by breast and cervical cancer cells and localized in the cytoplasm and chromatin. Electrophoretic analysis of the cells extracted from the conjugates revealed the same molecular weights of the cytoplasmic and chromatin complexes as those of the native conjugate. Nicotine (0.1%), which suppresses lysosomal degradation, stabilized the conjugates within the cell and prolonged the presence of nondegraded complexes inside the cytoplasm and chromatin from 1 day to at least 3 days. MAb-histone complexes, but not MAb alone, inhibited RNA synthesis and proliferation of cervical and breast cancer cells. A new application of internalized MAbs as the vehicles for protein inhibitors of transcription or replication is discussed.
Highlights: Language- and domain-independent automatic indexing terms for abstracting (1995)

A method of drawing index terms from text is presented. The approach uses no stop list, stemmer, or other language- and domain-specific component, allowing operation in any language or domain with only trivial modification. The method uses n-gram counts, achieving a function similar to, but more general than, a stemmer. The generated index terms, which the author calls “highlights,” are suitable for identifying the topic for perusal and selection. An extension is also described and demonstrated which selects index terms to represent a subset of documents, distinguishing them from the corpus. Some experimental results are presented, showing operation in English, Spanish, German, Georgian, Russian, and Japanese. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Engineering of self-assembled nanoparticle platform for precisely controlled combination drug therapy (2010)

The genomic revolution has identified therapeutic targets for a plethora of diseases, creating a need to develop robust technologies for combination drug therapy. In the present work, we describe a self-assembled polymeric nanoparticle (NP) platform to target and control precisely the codelivery of drugs with varying physicochemical properties to cancer cells. As proof of concept, we codelivered cisplatin and docetaxel (Dtxl) to prostate cancer cells with synergistic cytotoxicity. A polylactide (PLA) derivative with pendant hydroxyl groups was prepared and conjugated to a platinum(IV) [Pt(IV)] prodrug, c,t,c-[Pt(NH(3))(2)(O(2)CCH(2)CH(2)COOH)(OH)Cl(2)] [PLA-Pt(IV)]. A blend of PLA-Pt(IV) functionalized polymer and carboxyl-terminated poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) copolymer in the presence or absence of Dtxl, was converted, in microfluidic channels, to NPs with a diameter of ∼100 nm. This process resulted in excellent encapsulation efficiency (EE) and high loading of both hydrophilic platinum prodrug and hydrophobic Dtxl with reproducible EEs and loadings. The surface of the NPs was derivatized with the A10 aptamer, which binds to the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) on prostate cancer cells. These NPs undergo controlled release of both drugs over a period of 48-72 h. Targeted NPs were internalized by the PSMA-expressing LNCaP cells via endocytosis, and formation of cisplatin 1,2-d(GpG) intrastrand cross-links on nuclear DNA was verified. In vitro toxicities demonstrated superiority of the targeted dual-drug combination NPs over NPs with single drug or nontargeted NPs. This work reveals the potential of a single, programmable nanoparticle to blend and deliver a combination of drugs for cancer treatment.
Facile synthesis of 2-substituted imidazoles (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFacile synthesis of 2-substituted imidazolesKenneth L. KirkCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 22, 4381–4383Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00416a033https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00416a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2570Altmetric-Citations98LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Bichat guidelines for the clinical management of brucellosis and bioterrorism-related brucellosis (2004)

Interest in Brucella species as a biological weapon stems from the fact that airborne transmission of the agent is possible. It is highly contagious and enters through mucous membranes such as the conjunctiva, oropharynx, respiratory tract and skin abrasions. It has been estimated that 10-100 organisms only are sufficient to constitute an infectious aerosol dose for humans. Signs and symptoms are similar in patients whatever the route of transmission and are mostly non-specific. Symptoms of patients infected by aerosol are indistinguishable from those of patients infected by other routes. Regimens containing doxycycline plus streptomycin or doxycycline plus rifampin are effective for most forms of brucellosis. Isolation of patients is not necessary. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and fluoroquinolones also have good results against Brucella, but are associated with high relapse rates when used as monotherapy. The combination of ofloxacin plus rifampicin is associated with good results. Even if there is little evidence to support its utility for post-exposure prophylaxis, doxycycline plus rifampicin is recommended for 3 to 6 weeks.
Rbridges: transparent routing (2005)

This work describes a method of interconnecting links that combines the advantages of bridging and routing. The basic design is a replacement for a transparent bridge and makes no assumption about higher layer protocols. It involves creating an infrastructure of switches (which we call Rbridges, for "routing bridges") in which packets are routed, although, as with bridges, layer 2 end code location is learned through receipt of data packets. It avoids the disadvantages of bridges, since packets within the infrastructure need not be confined to a spanning tree, and packets are protected with a hop count and not proliferated while in transit, so there is no need for any artificial startup delay on ports to avoid temporary loops. This allows IP nodes to travel within a multi-link campus without changing IP addresses. The paper introduces further optimizations for IP, such as avoiding hooding ARP messages through the infrastructure, and (for IP nodes), allowing Rbridges to avoid learning on data packets.
Phosphobutyrylcholinesterase:  Phosphorylation of the Esteratic Site of Butyrylcholinesterase by Ethephon [(2-Chloroethyl)phosphonic Acid] Dianion (2000)

Ethephon [(2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid] has two seemingly unrelated types of biological activity. It is a major agrochemical absorbed by crops, slowly releasing ethylene as a plant growth regulator. Ethephon also inhibits the activity of plasma butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) in humans, dogs, rats, and mice. This is totally unexpected for an ionized phosphonic acid (mostly the dianion at physiological pH), in contrast to the classical inhibitors (nonionized triester phosphates) which phosphorylate serine at the active site. This study tests the hypothesis that ethephon (as the dianion) also acts as a phosphorylating agent in inhibiting BuChE activity. The sensitivity of plasma BuChE to ethephon (90 min preincubation at 25 degrees C) is greatest for humans, dogs, and mice (IC(50) = 6-23 microM), intermediate for chickens, rabbits, rats, and guinea pigs (IC(50) = 26-53 microM), and lowest for pigs and horses (IC(50) = 92-172 microM). The IC(50) decreases linearly with time on a log-log scale to values of 0.15-0. 3 microM for human, dog, and horse BuChE at 24 h. The inhibition rate is generally related to ethephon concentration, consistent with a bimolecular reaction, e.g., phosphorylation. The extent of inhibition of the esteratic activity of BuChE by ethephon is directly proportional to the extent of inhibition of [(3)H]diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate ([(3)H]DFP) postlabeling which is not reversible on removing the ethephon, either directly or after further incubation for 24 h at 25 degrees C. These observations strongly suggest that ethephon, as DFP, phosphorylates human plasma BuChE at Ser-198 of the esteratic site, or more generally, the formation of a phosphobutyrylcholinesterase. With human plasma BuChE, (2-bromoethyl)- and (2-iodoethyl)phosphonic acids have lower affinities for the site than ethephon but higher phosphorylation rate constants, consistent with their relative hydrolysis rates at pH 7.4 (phosphorylation of water). (2-Chlorohexyl)phosphonic acid is a poor inhibitor, perhaps being too reactive with water. Thus, potency differences for ethephon and its analogues with BuChE of various species depend on both the affinities and phosphorylation rates, i.e., the binding and reactivity of the (2-haloalkyl)phosphonic acid dianion in the esteratic site.
Recent advances in understanding multiple sclerosis (2019)

Emerging data point to important contributions of both autoimmune inflammation and progressive degeneration in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS). Unfortunately, after decades of intensive investigation, the fundamental cause remains unknown. A large body of research on the immunobiology of MS has resulted in a variety of anti-inflammatory therapies that are highly effective at reducing brain inflammation and clinical/radiological relapses. However, despite potent suppression of inflammation, benefit in the more important and disabling progressive phase is extremely limited; thus, progressive MS has emerged as the greatest challenge for the MS research and clinical communities. Data obtained over the years point to a complex interplay between environment (e.g., the near-absolute requirement of Epstein-Barr virus exposure), immunogenetics (strong associations with a large number of immune genes), and an ever more convincing role of an underlying degenerative process resulting in demyelination (in both white and grey matter regions), axonal and neuro-synaptic injury, and a persistent innate inflammatory response with a seemingly diminishing role of T cell-mediated autoimmunity as the disease progresses. Together, these observations point toward a primary degenerative process, one whose cause remains unknown but one that entrains a nearly ubiquitous secondary autoimmune response, as a likely sequence of events underpinning this disease. Here, we briefly review what is known about the potential pathophysiological mechanisms, focus on progressive MS, and discuss the two main hypotheses of MS pathogenesis that are the topic of vigorous debate in the field: whether primary autoimmunity or degeneration lies at the foundation. Unravelling this controversy will be critically important for developing effective new therapies for the most disabling later phases of this disease.
High Performance Sensor Integration in Distributed Sensor Networks Using Mobile Agents (2002)

The recent change of emphasis from high performance parallel computing to high performance parallel/distributed computing has called for new techniques in distributed problem solving. Mobile agent, as a new computing paradigm, breaks the barrier of traditional client/server model and provides a more efficient solution to distributed computing. In the mobile-agent-based paradigm, data stay at the local site, while the execution code is moved to the data sites. In this paper, we describe the deployment of mobile agent in Distributed Sensor Networks (DSNs). Mobile agent is used to integrate pre-processed data located at local sensor nodes. We take target classification as an example to illustrate how mobile-agent-based DSN (MADSN) supports high performance distributed integration.
A Patient with Pseudohypoparathyroidism with Increased Serum Calcium and lα,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D after Exogenous Parathyroid Hormone Administration* (1979)

The cause for the normal calcemic response to exogenous parathyroid hormone (PTH) was explored in a case of pseudohypoparathyroidism. The diagnosis of pseudohypoparathyroidism in this 29-yr-old woman was well established, since she had hypocalcemia (6.6 mg/dl), hyperphosphatemia (5.0 mg/ dl), high serum immunoreactive PTH, and negligible urinary cAMP response to exogenous PTH. Treatment with Amphojel slightly increased serum calcium (to 7.4 mg/dl) and lowered serum phosphorus (to 4.1 mg/dl) without altering the serum concentration of 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D]. After im administration of parathyroid extract (400 U/day for 4 days), serum calcium increased to 9.2 mg/dl, commensurate with significant elevations in serum 1,25(OH)2D (from 1.2 to 2.6 ng/dl) and fractional (intestinal) calcium absorption (from 0.22 to 0.43). The results suggest that the synthesis of 1,25(OH)2D upon PTH challenge was relatively intact and may have accounted for the normal calcemic response.