gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Revisiting Salient Object Detection: Simultaneous Detection, Ranking, and Subitizing of Multiple Salient Objects (2018)

Salient object detection is a problem that has been considered in detail and many solutions proposed. In this paper, we argue that work to date has addressed a problem that is relatively ill-posed. Specifically, there is not universal agreement about what constitutes a salient object when multiple observers are queried. This implies that some objects are more likely to be judged salient than others, and implies a relative rank exists on salient objects. The solution presented in this paper solves this more general problem that considers relative rank, and we propose data and metrics suitable to measuring success in a relative object saliency landscape. A novel deep learning solution is proposed based on a hierarchical representation of relative saliency and stage-wise refinement. We also show that the problem of salient object subitizing can be addressed with the same network, and our approach exceeds performance of any prior work across all metrics considered (both traditional and newly proposed).
ETS-1 converts endothelial cells to the angiogenic phenotype by inducing the expression of matrix metalloproteinases and integrin ?3 (1999)

The transcription factor ETS-1 is induced in endothelial cells (ECs) by angiogenic growth factors and the specific elimination of ETS-1 synthesis by antisense oligodeoxynucleotide inhibited angiogenesis in vitro (Iwasaka et al., 1996, J Cell Physiol 169:522-531). To understand the precise role of ETS-1 in angiogenesis, we established both high and low ETS-1 expression EC lines and compared angiogenic properties of these cell lines with those of the parental murine EC line, MSS-31. Although growth rate was almost identical for each cell line, the invasiveness was markedly enhanced in high ETS-1 expression cells and reduced in low ETS-1 expression cells compared with that of parental cells. The gene expressions of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-9) and gelatinolytic activity of MMP-9 were significantly increased in high ETS-1 expression cells. Low ETS-1 expression cells could not spread on a vitronectin substratum, and the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase was markedly impaired because of the reduced expression of integrin beta3. These results indicate that ETS-1 is a principal regulator that converts ECs to the angiogenic phenotype.
Plasma anodic oxidation and nitridation of Ge(111) surface (1993)

Plasma anodic oxidation/nitridation of Ge(111) wafer was carried out in a plasma atmosphere of oxygen or an ammonia/nitrogen mixture. The plasma was excited by a high-frequency (0.5 MHz) electromagnetic field. The chemical and physical properties of the grown films were analysed using Auger electron spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, infrared spectrophotometry and high-frequency C-V characterization. The results show that the refractive index (1.60 +or- 0.02), chemical composition (O/Ge approximately= 2.1) and infrared absorption peaks (560 cm-1 and 870 cm-1 of the oxygen plasma anodized films are very similar to those of vitreous GeO2, and that an oxygen plasma anodized film on a germanium substrate has excellent insulating and interface-state properties. It is also shown that after the nitridation processing of an oxygen plasma anodized film, the solubility of the film was greatly diminished due to the formation of the germanium oxynitride overlayer. For plasma anodic nitrided films on Ge, the refractive index is 2.10 +or- 0.02 at the growth temperature of 540-700 degrees C and the bulk composition is N/Ge approximately= 1.26. There is a broad absorption band (730-780 cm-1) and a weak peak (910 cm-1) in the IR spectrum of the plasma anodic nitrided film. These absorption peaks are associated with the alpha -phase germanium nitride and beta -phase germanium nitride in the film.
TR3 Orphan Nuclear Receptor Mediates Apoptosis through Up-regulating E2F1 in Human Prostate Cancer LNCaP Cells (2003)

Early studies suggested both TR3 orphan receptor (TR3) and apoptosis mediator E2F1 might play an important role in mediating prostate cancer cell apoptosis. Their linkage and relationship, however, remain unclear. Here we found that 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) could induce cell apoptosis via induction of TR3 and E2F1 expression in LNCaP prostate cancer cells. Addition of antisense E2F1 could partially rescue the TR3-mediated cell apoptosis, and transfection of the TR3 dominant-negative plasmid could block the TR3-induced E2F1 expression. These data suggest that TPA is able to induce LNCaP cell apoptosis via induction of TR3 resulting in the induction of E2F1. Promoter reporter assays show that TR3 can induce E2F1 expression via binding to the TR3 response element (TR3RE) in the E2F1 promoter -316 to -324 bp region. TR3 can bind specifically to this TR3RE with a Kd of 6.29 nm, and mutations of this E2F1-TR3RE can partially block the TR3-mediated E2F1 expression. Taken together, these data suggest that TPA is able to induce cell apoptosis via a TPA --> TR3 --> E2F1 --> apoptosis pathway in LNCaP cells. Further studies of how to modulate this pathway may allow us to better understand how to control the prostate cancer growth.
Knitting Skeletons: A Computer-Aided Design Tool for Shaping and Patterning of Knitted Garments (2019)

This work presents a novel interactive system for simple garment composition and surface patterning. Our approach makes it easier for casual users to customize machine-knitted garments, while enabling more advanced users to design their own composable templates. Our tool combines ideas from CAD software and image editing: it allows the composition of (1) parametric knitted primitives, and (2) stitch pattern layers with different resampling behaviours. By leveraging the regularity of our primitives, our tool enables interactive customization with automated layout and real-time patterning feedback. We show a variety of garments and patterns created with our tool, and highlight our ability to transfer shape and pattern customizations between users.
Dynamic fluorescent imaging with indocyanine green for monitoring the therapeutic effects of photoimmunotherapy (2014)

A new type of monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based, highly specific phototherapy (photoimmunotherapy; PIT) that uses a near-infrared (NIR) phthalocyanine dye, IRDye700DX (IR700) conjugated with an mAb, has recently been described. NIR light exposure leads to immediate, target-selective necrotic cell death. However, tumor shrinkage takes several days to occur, making it difficult to detect earlier changes in the tumor. In this study, Panitumumab targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR1) conjugated to IR700 was used to treat EGFR-expressing A431 tumor cells and in vivo xenografts. PIT was performed at varying doses of NIR light (10, 30, 50 and 100 J cm(-2)) in xenograft tumors in mice. Indocyanine green (ICG) dynamic imaging was evaluated for monitoring cytotoxic effects for the first hour after PIT. Our results demonstrated a statistical difference (p < 0.05) in ICG intensity between control and PIT treated tumors in the higher light exposure groups (50 J cm(-2): 2.94 ± 0.35 vs 5.22 ± 0.92, p = 0.02; and 100 J cm(-2) : 3.56 ± 0.96 vs 5.71 ± 1.43, p = 0.008) as early as 20 min post ICG injection. However, no significant difference (p > 0.05) in ICG intensity between control and PIT treated tumors was evident in the lower light exposure group at any time points up to 60 min (10 J cm(-2) : 1.92 ± 0.49 vs 1.71 ± 0.3, p = 0.44; and 30 J cm(-2): 1.57 ± 0.35 vs 2.75 ± 0.59, p = 0.07). Similarly, the retention index (background to corrected uptake ratio of ICG) varied with light exposure. In conclusion, ICG may serve as a potential indicator of acute cytotoxic effects of mAb-IR700-induced PIT even before morphological changes can be seen in targeted tumors.
Video Summarization With Attention-Based Encoder–Decoder Networks (2019)

This paper addresses the problem of supervised video summarization by formulating it as a sequence-to-sequence learning problem, where the input is a sequence of original video frames, and the output is a keyshot sequence. Our key idea is to learn a deep summarization network with attention mechanism to mimic the way of selecting the keyshots of human. To this end, we propose a novel video summarization framework named attentive encoder-decoder networks for video summarization (AVS), in which the encoder uses a bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) to encode the contextual information among the input video frames. As for the decoder, two attention-based LSTM networks are explored by using additive and multiplicative objective functions, respectively. Extensive experiments are conducted on two video summarization benchmark datasets, i.e., SumMe and TVSum. The results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed AVS-based approaches against the state-of-the-art approaches, with remarkable improvements on both datasets.
Distributed source coding using serially-concatenated-accumulate codes (2005)

We describe a practical method for distributed compression of q-ary sources using multi-level serially concatenated-accumulate codes. Our approach works well at high compression rates, and allows for graceful and incremental rate-adaptivity. Simulations show that the compression efficiency is near the information-theoretic limits for correlations between sources that obey a Gaussian or Laplacian distribution.
Loss-aware network coding for unicast wireless sessions (2008)

Local network coding is growing in prominence as a technique to facilitate greater capacity utilization in multi-hop wireless networks. A specific objective of such local network coding techniques has been to explicitly minimize the total number of transmissions needed to carry packets across each wireless hop. While such a strategy is certainly useful, we argue that in lossy wireless environments, a better use of local network coding is to provide higher levels of redundancy even at the cost of increasing the number of transmissions required to communicate the same information. In this paper we show that the design space for effective redundancy in local network coding is quite large, which makes optimal formulations of the problem hard to realize in practice. We present a detailed exploration of this design space and propose a suite of algorithms, called CLONE, that can lead to further throughput gains in multi-hop wireless scenarios. Through careful analysis, simulations, and detailed implementation on a real testbed, we show that some of our simplest CLONE algorithms can be efficiently implemented in today's wireless hardware to provide a factor of two improvement in throughput for example scenarios, while other, more effective, CLONE algorithms require additional advances in hardware processing speeds to be deployable in practice.
Java Message Service導入ガイド : J2EEのためのメッセージング (2003)

第１部（基本的なＪＭＳ ＡＰＩの概念；ＪＭＳ ＡＰＩプログラミングモデル；簡単なＪＭＳクライアントアプリケーションのコーディング；強固なＪＭＳアプリケーションの作成；Ｊ２ＥＥアプリケーションのＪＭＳ ＡＰＩの使用 ほか） 第２部（ＢｙｔｅｓＭａｓｓａｇｅ；Ｃｏｎｎｅｃｔｉｏｎ；ＣｏｎｎｅｃｔｉｏｎＦａｃｔｏｒｙ；ＣｏｎｎｅｃｔｉｏｎＭｅｔａＤａｔａ；ＤｅｌｉｖｅｒｙＭｏｄｅ ほか）
Maximum Likelihood Sound Source Localization for Multiple Directional Microphones (2007)

This paper presents a maximum likelihood (ML) framework for multi-microphone sound source localization (SSL). Besides deriving the framework, we focus on making the connection and contrast between the ML-based algorithm and popular steered response power (SRP) SSL algorithms such as phase transform (SRP-PHAT). We also show under our ML framework how challenging conditions such as directional microphone arrays and reverberations can be handled. The computational cost of our method is low-similar to SRP-PHAT. The effectiveness of the proposed method is shown on a large dataset with 99 real-world audio sequences recorded by directional circular microphone arrays in over 50 different meeting rooms.
Bipolar CMOS-merged technology for a high-speed 1-Mbit DRAM (1989)

A novel high-performance bipolar-CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) merged technology for a 1-Mb DRAM (dynamic random access memory) is proposed. A memory cell having a twenty-times-higher soft-error immunity (as compared to the conventional device) in its bit-line mode and a bipolar transistor having a high-drive ability (f/sub T/=5.2 GHz at I/sub c/=1.2 mA) can be realized. The fabrication process is fully compatible with the conventional CMOS DRAM and involves only three additional masking steps. An experimental 1-Mb BiCMOS (bipolar CMOS) DRAM was fabricated using this technology, with a typical access time of 32 ns.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Displets: Resolving stereo ambiguities using object knowledge (2015)

Stereo techniques have witnessed tremendous progress over the last decades, yet some aspects of the problem still remain challenging today. Striking examples are reflecting and textureless surfaces which cannot easily be recovered using traditional local regularizers. In this paper, we therefore propose to regularize over larger distances using object-category specific disparity proposals (displets) which we sample using inverse graphics techniques based on a sparse disparity estimate and a semantic segmentation of the image. The proposed displets encode the fact that objects of certain categories are not arbitrarily shaped but typically exhibit regular structures. We integrate them as non-local regularizer for the challenging object class `car' into a superpixel based CRF framework and demonstrate its benefits on the KITTI stereo evaluation. At time of submission, our approach ranks first across all KITTI stereo leaderboards.
Enfermedad y discapacidad: ¿fundamentan la nulidad de un despido? Comentario a la Sentencia del TJCE de 11 de julio de 2006, asunto C-13/05 (2006)

I.Una empleada de una empresa del sector de la restauracion colectiva, declarada en situacion de baja por incapacidad temporal en octubre de 2003, fue despedida en mayo de 2004 sin que la empresa alegara causa alguna, reconociendose en el momento del despido el caracter improcedente del mismo y ofreciendose a la trabajadora la indemnizacion legal por despido improcedente, la cual al no ser aceptada por la empleada hubo de ser consignada judicialmente.
A Compact SPICE Model for Carbon-Nanotube Field-Effect Transistors Including Nonidealities and Its Application—Part I: Model of the Intrinsic Channel Region (2007)

This paper presents a circuit-compatible compact model for the intrinsic channel region of the MOSFET-like single-walled carbon-nanotube field-effect transistors (CNFETs). This model is valid for CNFET with a wide range of chiralities and diameters and for CNFET with either metallic or semiconducting carbon-nanotube (CNT) conducting channel. The modeled nonidealities include the quantum confinement effects on both circumferential and axial directions, the acoustical/optical phonon scattering in the channel region, and the screening effect by the parallel CNTs for CNFET with multiple CNTs. In order to be compatible with both large-(digital) and small-signal (analog) applications, a complete transcapacitance network is implemented to deliver the real-time dynamic response. This model is implemented with an HSPICE. Using this model, we project a 13 times CV/I improvement of the intrinsic CNFET with (19, 0) CNT over the bulk n-type MOSFET at the 32-nm node. The model described in this paper serves as a starting point toward the complete CNFET-device model incorporating the additional device/circuit-level non-idealities and multiple CNTs reported in the paper of Deng and Wong.
3D point-of-regard, position and head orientation from a portable monocular video-based eye tracker (2008)

To study an observer's eye movements during realistic tasks, the observer should be free to move naturally throughout our three-dimensional world. Therefore, a technique to determine an observer's point-of-regard (POR) as well as his/her motion throughout a scene in three dimensions with minor user input is proposed. This requires robust feature tracking and calibration of the scene camera in order to determine the 3D location and orientation of the scene camera in the world. With this information, calibrated 2D PORs can be triangulated to 3D positions in the world; the scale of the world coordinate system can be obtained via input of the distance between two known points in the scene. Information about scene camera movement and tracked features can also be used to obtain observer position and head orientation for all video frames. The final observer motion -- including the observer's positions and head orientations -- and PORs are expressed in 3D world coordinates. The result is knowledge of not only eye movements but head movements as well allowing for the evaluation of how an observer combines head and eye movements to perform a visual task. Additionally, knowledge of 3D information opens the door for many more options for visualization of eye-tracking results.
A low-power, high-performance approximate multiplier with configurable partial error recovery (2014)

Approximate circuits have been considered for error-tolerant applications that can tolerate some loss of accuracy with improved performance and energy efficiency. Multipliers are key arithmetic circuits in many such applications such as digital signal processing (DSP). In this paper, a novel approximate multiplier with a lower power consumption and a shorter critical path than traditional multipliers is proposed for high-performance DSP applications. This multiplier leverages a newly-designed approximate adder that limits its carry propagation to the nearest neighbors for fast partial product accumulation. Different levels of accuracy can be achieved through a configurable error recovery by using different numbers of most significant bits (MSBs) for error reduction. The approximate multiplier has a low mean error distance, i.e., most of the errors are not significant in magnitude. Compared to the Wallace multiplier, a 16-bit approximate multiplier implemented in a 28nm CMOS process shows a reduction in delay and power of 20% and up to 69%, respectively. It is shown that by utilizing an appropriate error recovery, the proposed approximate multiplier achieves similar processing accuracy as traditional exact multipliers but with significant improvements in power and performance.
&lt;title&gt;Continuous-Scan Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) Sensor System With Moving Target Indicator (MTI) For Satellite Surveillance&lt;/title&gt; (1980)

This paper describes a charge-coupled device (CCD) imaging sensor which is being developed to provide high sensitivity and high scan coverage rate for automatic detection in electro-optical, deep-space, satellite-surveillance applications. The visible-spectrum sensor focal plane is a mosaic of 100 x 400 pixel CCD imagers which are operated in the time delay and integration (TDI) mode permitting continuous high-rate scan coverage while integrating target light levels for high sensitivity. The polysilicon gate, front illumi9ated devices have 30 x 30 &mu;m pixels. Room temperature dark current is less than 3 nA/cm and noise levels are 10-20 electrons. Several aligned rows of imaging CCD arrays located on the focal plane in the scan direction provide multiple samples of the field-of-view for automatic MTI detection processing. Five-chip focal planes have been assembled with positional errors of less than 4 &mu;m. The MTI Signal Processor features imager defect removal, parameter estimation, adaptive thresholding, digital delay, and spatial correlation for MTI. This paper includes descriptions of the sensor system, the CCD imager design and characterization, the signal processor, and a summary of test results of the initial sensor system operated on space surveillance telescopes at the GEODSS Experimental Test System, White Sands Missile Range.
New method for rapid characterization of molecular shapes: applications in drug design (1993)

We present a method for the rapid quantitative shape match between two molecules or a molecule and a template, using atom triplets as descriptors. This technique can be used either as a rapid screen preceding the computationally expensive shape-based docking method developed by Kuntz and co-workers or as a stand-alone method to rank compounds in a large database for their fit to a shape template. The merits and limitations of this method are discussed in detail with examples.
Oxidation of nitric oxide by oxomanganese–salen complexes: a new mechanism for cellular protection by superoxide dismutase/catalase mimetics (2002)

Manganese-salen complexes (Mn-Salen), including EUK-8 [manganese N,N'-bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine chloride] and EUK-134 [manganese 3-methoxy N,N'-bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine chloride], have been reported to possess combined superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase mimetic functions. Because of this SOD/catalase mimicry, EUK-8 and EUK-134 have been investigated as possible therapeutic agents in neurological disorders resulting from oxidative stress, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke and multiple sclerosis. These actions have been explained by the ability of the Mn-Salen to remove deleterious superoxide (O(2)(-)) and H(2)O(2). However, in addition to oxidative stress, cells in models for neurodegenerative diseases may also be subjected to damage from reactive nitrogen oxides (nitrosative stress), resulting from elevated levels of NO and sister compounds, including peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)). We have been examining the interaction of EUK-8 and EUK-134 with NO and ONOO(-). We find that in the presence of a per-species (H(2)O(2), ONOO(-), peracetate and persulphate), the Mn-Salen complexes are oxidized to the corresponding oxo-species (oxoMn-Salen). OxoMn-Salens are potent oxidants, and we demonstrate that they can rapidly oxidize NO to NO(2) and also oxidize nitrite (NO(2)(-) to nitrate (NO(2)(-)). Thus these Mn-Salens have the potential to ameliorate cellular damage caused by both oxidative and nitrosative stresses, by the catalytic breakdown of O(2)(-), H(2)O(2), ONOO(-) and NO to benign species: O(2), H(2)O, NO(2)(-) and NO(3)(-).