gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Discovery of Novel Human and Animal Cells Infected by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus by Replication-Specific Multiplex Reverse Transcription-PCR (2004)

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) is the causative agent of the recent outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome. VeroE6 cells, fetal rhesus monkey kidney cells, and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were the only cells known to be susceptible to SARS-CoV. We developed a multiplex reverse transcription-PCR assay to analyze the susceptibility of cells derived from a variety of tissues and species to SARS-CoV. Additionally, productive infection was determined by titration of cellular supernatants. Cells derived from three species of monkey were susceptible to SARS-CoV. However, the levels of SARS-CoV produced differed by 4 log(10). Mink lung epithelial cells (Mv1Lu) and R-Mix, a mixed monolayer of human lung-derived cells (A549) and mink lung-derived cells (Mv1Lu), are used by diagnostic laboratories to detect respiratory viruses (e.g., influenza virus); they were also infected with SARS-CoV, indicating that the practices of diagnostic laboratories should be examined to ensure appropriate biosafety precautions. Mv1Lu cells produce little SARS-CoV compared to that produced by VeroE6 cells, which indicates that they are a safer alternative for SARS-CoV diagnostics. Evaluation of cells permissive to other coronaviruses indicated that these cell types are not infected by SARS-CoV, providing additional evidence that SARS-CoV binds an alternative receptor. Analysis of human cells derived from lung, kidney, liver, and intestine led to the discovery that human cell lines were productively infected by SARS-CoV. This study identifies new cell lines that may be used for SARS-CoV diagnostics and/or basic research. Our data and other in vivo studies indicate that SARS-CoV has a wide host range, suggesting that the cellular receptor(s) utilized by SARS-CoV is highly conserved and is expressed by a variety of tissues.
Compositional Differentiation in an Experimentally Deformed Salt-Mica Specimen (1974)

An experimental deformation of a salt-mica specimen produced a zone impoverished in salt. The structure is similar to differentiated zones impoverished in quartz or calcite in natural pelites. The zone of distinctive composition corresponds to a zone of distinctive strain. The differentiation mechanism is thought to involve outward transport of salt in the pore fluid.
Supporting cooperative and personal surfing with a desktop assistant (1997)

We motivate the use of desktop assistants in the context of web surfing and show how such a too1 may be used to support activities in both cooperative and personal surfing. , By cooperative surfing we mean surfing by a community of users who choose to cooperatively and asynchronously build up knowledge structures relevant to their group. Specifically, we describe the design of an assistant called Vistabar, which lives on the Windows desktop and operates on the currently active web browser. Vistabar instances working for individual users support the authoring of annotations and shared bookmark hierarchies, and work with profiles of community interests to make findings highly available. Thus, they support a form of community memory. Visfabar also serves as a form of personal memory by indexing pages the user sees to assist in recall.
Cell and organ printing 2: Fusion of cell aggregates in three‐dimensional gels (2003)

We recently developed a cell printer (Wilson and Boland, 2003) that enables us to place cells in positions that mimic their respective positions in organs. However, this technology was limited to the printing of two-dimensional (2D) tissue constructs. Here we describe the use of thermosensitive gels to generate sequential layers for cell printing. The ability to drop cells on previously printed successive layers provides a real opportunity for the realization of three-dimensional (3D) organ printing. Organ printing will allow us to print complex 3D organs with computer-controlled, exact placing of different cell types, by a process that can be completed in several minutes. To demonstrate the feasibility of this novel technology, we showed that cell aggregates can be placed in the sequential layers of 3D gels close enough for fusion to occur. We estimated the optimum minimal thickness of the gel that can be reproducibly generated by dropping the liquid at room temperature onto a heated substrate. Then we generated cell aggregates with the corresponding (to the minimal thickness of the gel) size to ensure a direct contact between printed cell aggregates during sequential printing cycles. Finally, we demonstrated that these closely-placed cell aggregates could fuse in two types of thermosensitive 3D gels. Taken together, these data strongly support the feasibility of the proposed novel organ-printing technology.
Molecular imaging in living subjects: seeing fundamental biological processes in a new light (2003)

References http://genesdev.cshlp.org/content/17/5/545.full.html#related-urls Article cited in: http://genesdev.cshlp.org/content/17/5/545.full.html#ref-list-1 This article cites 228 articles, 79 of which can be accessed free at: service Email alerting click here top right corner of the article or Receive free email alerts when new articles cite this article sign up in the box at the Collections Topic (33 articles) Molecular Physiology and Metabolism  (98 articles) Cancer and Disease Models  Articles on similar topics can be found in the following collections
Technology for Chemical−Metallurgical Coal Ash Utilization (1997)

Coal is a major contributor to power and heat generation in the United States. According to economic forecasts coal mining and consumption as fuel will increase through 2010. Simultaneously, deposits of ash from coal combustion are expected to accumulate extensively. Today, about quarter of coal combustion solid waste is used for cement and concrete production. Many millions of tons of aluminum and silicon contained in the coal wastes are annually lost in landfills. Use of coal ash as a raw material for production of chemicals and construction materials can significantly fulfill the U.S. need for these commodities while at the same time decrease dusty pollution. A fairly large number of processes for recovering alumina and byproducts from coal ash have been proposed and developed. These processes are classified by methods of ash decomposition into sintering and hydrothermal technologies and by extractant type into alkaline and acidic groups. On the basis of the available calculations, preference should be given to a combined process including the alkaline pre-extraction of silicon followed by lime−soda sintering of desilicated solid remainder. This review covers 98 papers, patents, and reports issued over the last 30 years. U.S. chemical and metallurgical industries are expected to resume growing through the end of the decade, and coal ash should be recognized as a practicable domestic raw material which can be utilized in a number of ways.
<i>Alu</i> -Containing Exons are Alternatively Spliced (2002)

Alu repetitive elements are found in approximately 1.4 million copies in the human genome, comprising more than one-tenth of it. Numerous studies describe exonizations of Alu elements, that is, splicing-mediated insertions of parts of Alu sequences into mature mRNAs. To study the connection between the exonization of Alu elements and alternative splicing, we used a database of ESTs and cDNAs aligned to the human genome. We compiled two exon sets, one of 1176 alternatively spliced internal exons, and another of 4151 constitutively spliced internal exons. Sixty one alternatively spliced internal exons (5.2%) had a significant BLAST hit to an Alu sequence, but none of the constitutively spliced internal exons had such a hit. The vast majority (84%) of the Alu-containing exons that appeared within the coding region of mRNAs caused a frame-shift or a premature termination codon. Alu-containing exons were included in transcripts at lower frequencies than alternatively spliced exons that do not contain an Alu sequence. These results indicate that internal exons that contain an Alu sequence are predominantly, if not exclusively, alternatively spliced. Presumably, evolutionary events that cause a constitutive insertion of an Alu sequence into an mRNA are deleterious and selected against.
Improved coupling for aperture coupled microstrip antennas (1996)

Aperture shape and size are the crucial parameters for the aperture coupled microstrip antennas (ACMSA). A systematic comparision of various aperture shapes for the aperture coupled rectangular microstrip antenna has been carried out. An optimum "hour glass"-shaped aperture configuration has been proposed for maximum coupling.
Factors Affecting Intestinal Health in Poultry (2008)

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract has the most extensive exposed surface in the body and is constantly exposed to a wide variety of potentially harmful substances. The GI tract acts as a selective barrier between the tissues of the bird and its luminal environment. This barrier is composed of physical, chemical, immunological, and microbiological components. A wide range of factors associated with diet and infectious disease agents can negatively affect the delicate balance among the components of the chicken gut and, as a result, affect health status and production performance of birds in commercial poultry operations. Phasing out of antibiotic growth promoters from poultry diets in Europe and recent moves toward reduction or removal of these compounds in other parts of the world including North America will likely change the microbial profile of the GI tract environment in commercial poultry. This paper reviews the GI tract from developmental, immunological, and microbial standpoints and then discusses factors that can affect health status of this system. Necrotic enteritis and coccidiosis and their interactions, and possible consequences of antibiotic growth promoter removal from poultry diets with respect to these diseases, are discussed in more detail.
Electrode materials and processes for energy conversion and storage (1987)

This book contains 47 selections. Some of the titles are: Towards new materials in energy conversion; Monte Carlo simulation of the electrochemical faceting mechanism; Alternating current electrolysis at semiconductor electrodes; Materials for fuel cells, 1977-1997; Analysis and interpretation of AC impedance data for porous electrodes; and Fuel cells for extraterrestrial and terrestrial applications.
Effect of Concentration of Mica on Properties of Polyester Thermoplastic Elastomer Composites (2009)

Particulate filled polymer composites are becoming attractive because of their wide applications and low cost. In this study the effects of mica with varying concentration on the mechanical, thermal, electrical, rheological and morphological properties of polyester thermoplastic elastomer (Hytrel ) was investigated. Composites of Hytrel with varying concentrations (viz. 5 to 40 weight %) of mica were prepared by twin screw extrusion. Mechanical properties such as flexural strength and modulus were found to increase with mica concentration, whereas tensile strength was found to decrease at higher concentrations. Electrical and thermal properties of composite were found to increase with filler concentration. Morphological studies revealed that there is a good dispersion of filler in the polymer matrix at lower concentrations.
Gels of Hydrophobically Modified Hydroxyethyl Cellulose Cross-Linked by Amylose. Competition with Cyclodextrin (2006)

Previous work has shown that amylose (AM) can cross-link hydrophobically modified polymers by inclusion complexation, whereby thermoreversible cold-setting gels are formed. In this work, the competition between AM and cyclodextrin (CD) for the formation of inclusion complexes with hydrophobically modified hydroxyethyl cellulose (HMHEC) is investigated. A detailed study of viscosity, NMR self-diffusion, and chemical shifts of the two-component mixture, CD and HMHEC, was performed. The results imply that 2:1 (CD:polymer hydrophobe) complexes may be formed. The three-component mixtures, HMHEC/AM/CD, were investigated by rheology, NMR self-diffusion, and intensities of the NMR resonance peaks. The CD molecules competed efficiently with the AM molecules, as seen by a decreased storage modulus, an increased self-diffusion of AM and HMHEC, and increased NMR intensities of the HMHEC hydrophobes, as the concentration of CD increased in the solution. A high concentration of CD is needed in the mixtures to inhibit all interactions between HMHEC and AM, and it was shown that there still is an effect of AM at excess CD concentration in the mixtures.
SiC Nanotubes:  A Novel Material for Hydrogen Storage (2006)

A multiscale theoretical approach is used for the investigation of hydrogen storage in silicon-carbon nanotubes (SiCNTs). First, ab initio calculations at the density functional level of theory (DFT) showed an increase of 20% in the binding energy of H2 in SiCNTs compared with pure carbon nanotubes (CNTs). This is explained by the alternative charges that exist in the SiCNT walls. Second, classical Monte Carlo simulation of nanotube bundles showed an even larger increase of the storage capacity in SiCNTs, especially in low temperature and high-pressure conditions. Our results verify in both theoretical levels that SiCNTs seem to be more suitable materials for hydrogen storage than pure CNTs.
&lt;title&gt;Image enhancement filters in CCTVs significantly improve reading performance for low-vision observers&lt;/title&gt; (1992)

As people age, so do their photoreceptors. If the visual system has been exposed to sufficient UV radiation combined with other precursors for age-related maculopathies (ARM), then a large number of photoreceptors in central vision stop functioning when the person reaches their late sixties and early seventies. There are channels in the visual system tuned to different bands, approximately one octave, of spatial frequencies. In low vision observers with ARM, the loss of central vision causes a loss in channels sensitive to spatial frequencies above 8 to 10 cyc/deg. Therefore, for ARM observers, words must be magnified to read normal text. I have developed image enhancement filters that compensate for the low vision observer's losses in contrast sensitivity to intermediate and high spatial frequencies. These filters automatically enhance the text displayed on closed-circuit TVs (CCTVs) and render the text in shades of gray more easily perceivable than black and white text. These filters work by boosting the amplitude of the less visible intermediate spatial frequencies more than the lower spatial frequencies. Not only do these image enhancement filters reduce the magnification needed for reading by up to 70%, they also increase the speed that can be used to read text two to four times. A short summary of this research is presented.
Detection and Diagnosis of HVAC Faults via Electrical Load Monitoring (2002)

Detection and diagnosis of faults (FDD) in HVAC equipment have typically relied on measurements of variables available to a control system, including temperatures, flows, pressures, and actuator control signals. Electrical power at the level of a fan, pump, or chiller has been generally ignored because power meters are rarely installed at individual loads. This paper presents two techniques for using electrical power data for detecting and diagnosing a number of faults in air-handling units. The results from the two techniques are compared and the situation for which each is applicable is assessed. One technique relies on gray-box correlations of electrical power with such exogenous variables as airflow or motor speed. This technique has been implemented with short-term average electrical power measured by dedicated submeters. With somewhat reduced resolution, it has also been implemented with a high-speed, centralized power meter that provides component-specific power information via analysis of the step changes in power that occur when a given device turns on or off. This technique was developed to detect and diagnose a limited number of air handler faults and is shown to work well with data taken from a test building. A detailed evaluation of the method is presented in the companion paper, which documents the results of a series of semiblind tests. The second technique relies on physical models of the electromechanical dynamics that occur immediately after a motor is turned on. This technique has been demonstrated with submetered data for a pump and for a fan. Tests showed that several faults could be successfully detected from motor startup data alone. While the method relies solely on generally stable and accurate voltage and current sensors, thereby avoiding problems with flow and temperature sensors used in other fault detection methods, it requires electrical data taken directly at the motor, downstream of variable-speed drives, where current sensors would not be installed for control or load-monitoring purposes.
Image-based skin color and texture analysis/synthesis by extracting hemoglobin and melanin information in the skin (2003)

This paper proposes an E-cosmetic function for digital images based on physics and physiologically-based image processing. A practical skin color and texture analysis/synthesis technique is introduced for this E-cosmetic function. Shading on the face is removed by a simple color vector analysis in the optical density domain as an inverse lighting technique. The image without shading is analyzed by a previously introduced technique that extracts hemoglobin and melanin components by independent component analysis. Experimental results using UV-B irradiation and the application of methyl nicotinate on the arms support the physiological validity of the analysis and the effectiveness of the proposed shading removal. We synthesized the way facial images changed due to tanning or alcohol consumption, and compared the synthesized images with images of actual changes in skin color. The comparison shows an excellent match between the synthesized and actual images of changes due to tanning and alcohol consumption. We also proposed a technique to synthesize the change of texture in pigment due to aging or the application of cosmetics. The pyramid-based texture analysis/synthesis technique was used for the spatial processing of texture. Using the proposed technique, we could realistically change the skin color and texture of a 50 year-old woman to that of a 20 year-old woman.
Characterization of Power-to-Phase Conversion in High-Speed P-I-N Photodiodes (2011)

Fluctuations of the optical power incident on a photodiode can be converted into phase fluctuations of the resulting electronic signal due to nonlinear saturation in the semiconductor. This impacts overall timing stability (phase noise) of microwave signals generated from a photodetected optical pulse train. In this paper, we describe and utilize techniques to characterize this conversion of amplitude noise to phase noise for several high-speed (>; 10 GHz) InGaAs p-i-n photodiodes operated at 900 nm. We focus on the impact of this effect on the photonic generation of low phase noise 10-GHz microwave signals and show that a combination of low laser amplitude noise, appropriate photodiode design, and optimum average photocurrent is required to achieve phase noise at or below -100 dBc/Hz at 1 Hz offset for a 10-GHz carrier. In some photodiodes, we find specific photocurrents where the power-to-phase conversion factor is observed to go to zero.
Preparation of conductive, flexible and transparent films by in situ deposition of polypyrrole nanoparticles on polyethylene terephthalate (2017)

In this study polypyrrole (PPy) nanoparticles were deposited as a thin film on the modified surface of polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) by in situ chemical polymerization in the presence of sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS), sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (DBSNa) and mixture of them as the surfactant. The surface of PET was modified by KOH before deposition and was investigated for conductivity and adhesion of PPy nanoparticles to PET. Resulting conductive flexible films were characterized by UV–Vis spectroscopy, fieldemission scanning electron microscopy, contact angle measurements and four-point-probe technique for conductivity. Direct morphological observation (FESEM) and electrical measurements indicated that the morphology, conductivity and the nature of deposited PPy films depend on surfactant, surface modification of PET and monomer concentration. In optimized process condition, uniform conductive films of PPy were obtained with good adhesion to PET.
Critical motion sequences for monocular self-calibration and uncalibrated Euclidean reconstruction (2002)

In this paper sequences of camera motions that lead to inherent ambiguities in uncalibrated Euclidean reconstruction or self-calibration are studied. Our main contribution is a complete, detailed classification of these critical motion sequences (CMS). The practically important classes are identified and their degrees of ambiguity are derived. We also discuss some practical issues, especially concerning the reduction of the ambiguity of a reconstruction.
Clear Cell Sarcoma of the Kidney: Up-regulation of Neural Markers with Activation of the Sonic Hedgehog and Akt Pathways (2005)

This study suggests that CCSKs arise within a renal mesenchymal cell that shows a wide variety of neural markers. As such, it seems to be susceptible to genetic changes also seen in a variety of other neuroectodermal and neuronal tumors, including activation of Sonic hedgehog and phosphoinositide-3-kinase/Akt pathways. Involvement of these pathways in CCSKs implicates their widening role in tumorigenesis.
Surface Initiated Polymer Thin Films for the Area Selective Deposition and Etching of Metal Oxides (2020)

The area selective growth of polymers and their use as inhibiting layers for inorganic film depositions may provide a valuable self-aligned process for fabrication. Polynorbornene (PNB) thin films were grown from surface-bound initiators and show inhibitory properties against the atomic layer deposition (ALD) of ZnO and TiO<sub>2</sub>. Area selective control of the polymerization was achieved through the synthesis of initiators that incorporate surface-binding ligands, enabling their selective attachment to metal oxide features <i>versus</i> silicon dielectrics, which were then used to initiate surface polymerizations. The subsequent use of these films in an ALD process enabled the area selective deposition (ASD) of up to 39 nm of ZnO. In addition, polymer thickness was found to play a key role, where films that underwent longer polymerization times were more effective at inhibiting higher numbers of ALD cycles. Finally, while the ASD of a TiO<sub>2</sub> film was not achieved despite blanket studies showing inhibition, the ALD deposition on polymer regions of a patterned film produced a different quality metal oxide and therefore altered its etch resistance. This property was exploited in the area selective etch of a metal feature. This demonstration of an area selective surface-grown polymer to enable ASD and selective etch has implications for the fabrication of both micro- and nanoscale features and surfaces.