gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Herpesviridae in the coronary arteries and aorta of young trauma victims. (1988)

The presence of herpes simplex virus (HSV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) nucleic acid and/or antigen was demonstrated in the coronary arteries and thoracic aortas of young trauma victims by the in situ DNA hybridization and ABC immunoperoxidase methods, respectively. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) nucleic acid and capsid antigen were not detected in the arteries sampled in this study. Of 8 subjects in which virus was detected in the coronary arteries, 6 were positive for HSV and 2 for CMV; of 7 cases positive in the thoracic aorta, 5 were identified as HSV and 2 as CMV. Viral DNA and/or antigen were found in occasional cells in the intact luminal surface and in focal clusters of spindle-shaped or "foamy" cells in the intimal layer. The histologic findings indicate that HSV and CMV are associated with areas showing early or advanced atheromatous changes in the coronary arteries and with lesion-free as well as lesion areas in the thoracic aorta. The virologic findings support the concept that herpes-viruses may potentially play a direct or indirect role in the pathogenesis of human atherosclerosis.
Evaluating Commodity Hardware and Software for Virtual Reality Assembly Training (2018)

Assembling specialized manufactured equipment, like aircraft, requires advanced production skills that can take years of training and experience to master. Training new workers is often labor intensive and expensive for specialized manufacturing companies. Traditionally, product assembly training in the manufacturing industry predominantly focuses on methods such as textbook learning, and more recently, video guidance. Recent technological advances in Virtual Reality (VR) devices, however, have introduced technology with the potential to improve the current training system. Studies show that VR, training can decrease assembly errors, production cost, and time. Unfortunately, in the past these VR devices were too expensive and required extensive programming knowledge to create a training application. The release of commercial virtual reality (VR) head mounted displays (HMD) and easy to use game engines like Unity 3D has taken steps towards solving this issue. However, because of the recentness of virtual reality's commercial availability, research on training interfaces in manufacturing environments is limited. This paper develops a prototype training system to test the viability of using a VR HMD as an assembly training tool. The hope moving forward is that, as this technology matures, these tools and lessons learned can be used to improve the training process.
Mechanical Properties of the Velopharynx in Obese Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea (1996)

Epidemiologic data indicate that the relationship between obesity and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is largely explained by variation in neck size. Fat deposits in the neck may predispose to upper airway (UA) occlusion during sleep by altering the mechanical properties of the UA, particularly at the level of the velopharynx (VP). To determine whether effective compliance (CEFF) of the VP is related to obesity in the neck, we have performed anthropometrics, polysomnography, and dynamic UA videoendoscopy in 18 patients with OSA and eight nonapneic control subjects. Following topical anesthesia (cocaine 4%) to one nasal passage, subjects were examined with a thin fiberscope (outer diameter [OD] 3.8 mm) while awake, supine, breathing exclusively through the nose, during a maximal vital capacity (VC) maneuver against an unoccluded airway. UA cross-sectional area (CSA), anteroposterior (AP) and lateral (L) diameters were measured from stored images. CEFF was expressed as the ratio of CSAVP in expiration (E) to inspiration (I) during the maximal VC maneuver (expiratory CSAMAX/inspiratory CSAMIN), and airway shape as AP/L diameter. The OSA patients were divided into two groups based on median neck circumference (NC). CEFF of the VP was greater in OSA patients compared with control subjects (CEFF 2.0 +/- 0.8 versus 1.1 +/- 0.5; p < 0.001). CEFF was greater in the large NC group compared with both the small NC group (p < 0.05) and control subjects (p < 0.01), but the difference between the small NC group and control subjects was not significant. CEFF was related to NC (r = 0.63; p = 0.001; n = 26), body mass index (r = 0.54; p < 0.01, n = 26), and apnea-hypopnea index (r = 0.43; p < 0.05; n = 23). The change in CSAVP during the maximal VC maneuver was mainly due to inspiratory narrowing. Obese patients with large necks have a more collapsible velopharynx during wakefulness, which may predispose to upper airway obstruction during sleep.
Contributions to Legal Document Summarization: Judgments from the Portuguese Supreme Court of Justice (2019)

BERT, a pre-trained Transformer model, has achieved ground-breaking performance on multiple NLP tasks. In this paper, we describe BERTSUM, a simple variant of BERT, for extractive summarization. Our system is the state of the art on the CNN/Dailymail dataset, outperforming the previous best-performed system by 1.65 on ROUGE-L. The codes to reproduce our results are available at https://github.com/nlpyang/BertSum
Towards back contact silicon solar cells with screen printed metallisation (2002)

In this paper, a generic cost effective cell process based on screen printing for a variety of rear contacted solar cells is presented. After discussing the choice of the method for contact isolation, being one of the major problems in the field of back contact solar cells, results of solar cell structures based on this cell process are discussed. The discussed cells have become known as the metallisation wrap through (MWT), metallisation wrap around (MWA) and emitter wrap through (EWT) structures. The results for the screen printed versions of the MWT and MWA solar cells categorise amongst the best reported efficiencies for large area low cost back contact solar cells. The preliminary results on EWT cells indicate the high potential of the cell design.
Evidence of Multisystem Disorder in Whole-Brain Map of Pathological TDP-43 in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (2008)

These findings suggest that ALS does not selectively affect only the pyramidal motor system, but rather is a multisystem neurodegenerative TDP-43 proteinopathy.
Leveraging Context Information for Natural Question Generation (2018)

Linfeng Song, Zhiguo Wang, Wael Hamza, Yue Zhang, Daniel Gildea. Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 2 (Short Papers). 2018.
Waterborne protozoan pathogens (1997)

Protozoan parasites were the most frequently identified etiologic agents in waterborne disease outbreak from 1991 to 1994. The waterborne parasites Giardia lamblia, Naegleria fowleri, Acanthamoeba spp., Entamoeba histolytica, Cryptosporidium parvum, Cyclospora cayetanesis, Isospora belli, and the microsporidia are reviewed. For each parasite, the review includes history, life cycle, incidence, symptoms, and therapy. Clinical detection methods are compared, and emerging technologies are discussed. Information on the association of these parasites with waterborne outbreaks is reviewed. Current information on protozoan parasites identified as etiological agents in waterborne outbreaks is discussed. Water industry issues related to recent disease outbreaks are examined in the context of water quality testing regulations for G. lamblia and those proposed for C. parvum. The review identifies the limitations of the American Society of Testing and Materials water-testing method for these parasites. An overview of federal regulations affecting the water industry and laboratories that test for water quality is also provided. The article highlights the importance of the clinical laboratory as a frontline defense for the detection of infectious organisms. The review points to the need for clinical laboratories, physicians, and public health personnel to cooperatively plan and assess the challenge of meeting this potential public health threat.
Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry Identification of Mycobacteria in Routine Clinical Practice (2011)

Our data indicate that MALDI-TOF MS can be used as a first-line method for the routine identification of heat-inactivated mycobacteria. MALDI-TOF MS is an attractive method for implementation in clinical microbiology laboratories in both developed and developing countries.
Identification of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Receptor-2 (Flk-1) Promoter/Enhancer Sequences Sufficient for Angioblast and Endothelial Cell-Specific Transcription in Transgenic Mice (1999)

The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor-2 (Flk-1) is the first endothelial receptor tyrosine kinase to be expressed in angioblast precursors, and its function is essential for the differentiation of endothelial cells and hematopoietic precursors. We have identified cis-acting regulatory elements of the murine Flk-1 gene that mediate endothelium-specific expression of a LacZ reporter gene in transgenic mice. Sequences within the 5'-flanking region of the Flk-1 gene, in combination with sequences located in the first intron, specifically targeted transgene expression to angioblasts and endothelial cells of transgenic mice. The intronic regulatory sequences functioned as an autonomous endothelium-specific enhancer. Sequences of the 5'-flanking region contributed to a strong, uniform, and reproducible transgene expression and were stimulated by the transcription factor HIF-2alpha. The Flk-1 gene regulatory elements described in this study should allow the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms involved in endothelial cell differentiation and angiogenesis.
Chitosan nanoparticles for loading of toothpaste actives and adhesion on tooth analogs (2007)

Abstract Delivery and sustained release of toothpaste actives is an important but unexplored area. In this work, chitosan nanoparticles were prepared by a water‐in‐oil emulsion/glutaraldehyde crosslinking method. The typical number average diameter of chitosan and toothpaste active (cetylpyridiniumchloride and NaF) nanoparticles was within the range of 100–500 nm. The particles increased their size at higher pH value. The morphology, adherence, and stability of these nanoparticles were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The size of the chitosan/NaF nanoparticles was doubled after they were stored at 4°C for 20 days, and then kept constant till 251 days, the examined time so far. These particles showed good stability in toothpaste lixivium after incubated at 60°C for 30 days too. By contrast, the chitosan/cetylpyridiniumchloride nanoparticles were easy to form floccules in the toothpaste lixivium. The loaded toothpaste actives showed a sustained released behavior for at least 10 h. All the particles could adhere onto the tooth analogs such as hydroxyapatite discs and glass slides in a simulated brushing and rinsing process. In vitro cell culture did not find any cytotoxicity of the as‐prepared chitosan nanoparticles. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Synthetic reactions using transition metal complexes. Conversion of amide oximes into amidines by pentacarbonyliron and evidence for imine intermediates in the deoximation of ketoximes (1975)

N-Alkyl and N-arylbenzamide oximes, when treated with pentacarbonyliron in dry tetrahydrofuran undergo reductive fission of the N–O linkage to give the corresponding amidines in high yields; an identical reaction takes place with methyl mesityl ketoxime which gives the corresponding imine.
Automatic Calibration of Hand–Eye–Workspace and Camera Using Hand-Mounted Line Laser (2012)

This paper develops a novel calibration method for simultaneously calibrating the intrinsic parameters of a camera and the hand-eye-workspace relationships of an eye-to-hand system using a line laser module. Errors in the parameters of a hand-eye coordination system lead to errors in the position targeting in the control of robots. To solve these problems, the proposed method utilizes a line laser module that is mounted on the hand to project laser beams onto the working plane. As well as calibrating the system parameters, the proposed method is effective when the eye cannot see the hand and eliminates the need for a precise calibration pattern or object. The collected laser stripes in the images must satisfy nonlinear constraints at each hand pose. A closed-form solution is derived by decoupling nonlinear relationships based on the homogeneous transform and parallel plane/line constraints. A nonlinear optimization, which considers all parameters simultaneously without error propagation problem, is to refine the closed-form solution. This two-stage process can be executed automatically without manual intervention. The computer simulation and experiment verify the effectiveness of the proposed method and reveal that using a line laser is more accurate than using a single-point laser.
Inheritance of restriction fragment length polymorphisms in Agaricus brunnescens. (1989)

The cultivated mushroom, Agaricus brunnescens, is secondarily homothallic; most basidia produce only two basidiospores, each of which receives two of the four post meiotic nuclei. The segregation of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) detected by four plasmid probes carrying single-copy nuclear DNA of Agaricus was followed in seven parental strains including commercial, wild-collected, and artificially synthesized heterokaryons. Of a total of 367 single-spore progeny examined, 351 (95.6%) were heteroallelic at all RFLP loci heteroallelic in the respective parents. Of the 16 segregant isolates, ten (2.7% of the total) were homoallelic at all segregating loci assayed, suggesting that these isolates were most probably derived from rare spores that had received only a single postmeiotic nucleus. Some of these ten isolates had recombinant genotypes. Only five isolates (1.4% of the total) showed homoallelism at one of the loci heteroallelic in the parent, while remaining heteroallelic at other loci. These five genotypes suggest that a crossover had occurred between a marker locus and its respective centromere. Taken together, the results suggest that meiosis in A. brunnescens is accompanied by low levels of recombination and that nonsister nuclei are preferentially incorporated into basidiospores after meiosis II.
Les jeunes de la Conférence Olivaint et l'Europe, de 1919 à 1992 (2010)

La Conf&#233;rence Olivaint est une association d&#8217;&#233;tudiants catholique longtemps dirig&#233;e par les j&#233;suites qui a entretenu entre 1919 et 1992 des rapports ambivalents envers l&#8217;Europe. Longtemps absente des d&#233;bats organis&#233;s au sein de l&#8217;Olivaint, l&#8217;Europe a parfois &#233;t&#233; au c&#339;ur du parcours politique des jeunes qui y ont &#233;t&#233; form&#233;s. Cercle profond&#233;ment conservateur dans l&#8217;entre-deux-guerres, la Conf&#233;rence Olivaint a balanc&#233; deux tentations, celle de la collaboration internationale et celle du repli national. Remani&#233;e au lendemain de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, elle s&#8217;est investie dans le rapprochement franco-allemand &#224; l&#8217;initiative de son directeur j&#233;suite, le r&#233;v&#233;rend p&#232;re Huvenne, avant de se d&#233;sint&#233;resser assez durablement des questions europ&#233;ennes.
H-ARQ Based Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access with Successive Interference Cancellation (2008)

In this paper, we consider non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) over block fading channels where the performance is limited by interference and fading. Re-transmission and interference cancellation techniques can be employed to improve performance. Re-transmissions can provide diversity gain, while successive interference cancellation (SIC) can improve signal to interference ratio (SIR). We can show that the proposed NOMA approach with re-transmission outperforms an orthogonal multiple access (OMA) approach with re-transmission using information outage probability when the signal to noise ratio (SNR) is low. It can also be shown that the outage probability of the NOMA with SIC is lower than that of the OMA when the transmission rate is sufficiently low where SIC can be facilitated.
Avocado sunblotch viroid: primary sequence and proposed secondary structure (1981)

The sequence of the 247 nucleotide residues of the single strand circular RNA of avocado sunblotch viroid (ASBV) was determined using partial enzymic cleavage methods on overlapping viroid fragments obtained by partial ribonuclease digestion followed by 32p-labelling in vitro at their 5'-ends. ASBV is much smaller than potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTV; 359 residues) and chrysanthemum stunt viroid (CSV; 356 residues). A secondary structure model for ASBV is proposed and contains 67% of its residues base paired. In contrast to the extensive (69%) sequence homology of CSV with PSTV, only 18% of the ASBV sequence is homologous to PSTV and CSV. There are eight potential polypeptide translation products with chain lengths from 4 to 63 amino acid residues coded for by the plus (infectious) strand and four potential translation products (2 to 60 residues) coded for by the minus strand. An improved method is described for the synthesis of gamma-32p-ATP of high specific activity.
High‐temperature annealing of drawn nylon 66 fibers (1972)

Abstract The structure and morphology of highly oriented fibers were modified by thermal treatments at varying tensions. The structural changes were characterized by wide‐ and small‐angle x‐ray diffraction, broadline nuclear magnetic resonance, and electron microscopy of surface replicas. Increasing temperatures caused increases in local ordering, number of regular chain folds, mobile fraction or amount of fluidlike mobility, and surface recrystallization in localized areas. Each of these changes was also a function of the amount of tension on the fiber during the annealing; each change was maximized when the fiber was free to shrink but minimized when the fiber was stretched.
Neuronal loss up-regulates clusterin mRNA in living neurons and glial cells in the rat brain (1999)

The aim of this study was to examine the time course and cellular localization of clusterin mRNA after neurodegeneration. Selective neuronal death was achieved in the rat inferior olivary complex after volkensin injection in the contralateral cerebellar cortex. Quantitative analysis of the in situ hybridization signal demonstrated over-expression of clusterin mRNA in living neurons at 6 days and outside the neuronal cell bodies at 10 days post-injection. We conclude that, in our experimental model, clusterin over-expression occurs as an early and transient neuronal and as a delayed glial response to selective neuronal death, supporting the view that clusterin may be involved in cytoprotection and tissue remodeling.
Synthesis of thromboxane A2 (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of thromboxane A2Shripad S. Bhagwat, Philip R. Hamann, and W. Clark StillCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 22, 6372–6376Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00308a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00308a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views829Altmetric-Citations58LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
&lt;title&gt;Script determination in document images&lt;/title&gt; (1995)

We have developed techniques for distinguishing which language is represented in an image of text. This work is restricted to an important subset of the world's languages, using techniques that should be applicable across even more comprehensive samples. The method first classifies the script into two broad classes: European and Asian. This classification is based on the spatial relationships of fiducial points related to the upward concavities in character structures. Script identification within the Asian class, (Japanese, Chinese, Korean) is performed by analysis of the optical density distribution of the text images.
Eliminating tyrosine sequence variants in CHO cell lines producing recombinant monoclonal antibodies (2012)

Amino acid sequence variants are defined as unintended amino acid sequence changes that contribute to product variation with potential impact to product safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy. Therefore, it is important to understand the propensity for sequence variant (SV) formation during the production of recombinant proteins for therapeutic use. During the development of clinical therapeutic products, several monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) produced from Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells exhibited SVs at low levels (≤3%) in multiple locations throughout the mAbs. In these examples, the cell culture process depleted tyrosine, and the tyrosine residues in the recombinant mAbs were replaced with phenylalanine or histidine. In this work, it is demonstrated that tyrosine supplementation eliminated the tyrosine SVs, while early tyrosine starvation significantly increased the SV level in all mAbs tested. Additionally, it was determined that phenylalanine is the amino acid preferentially misincorporated in the absence of tyrosine over histidine, with no other amino acid misincorporated in the absence of tyrosine, phenylalanine, and histidine. The data support that the tyrosine SVs are due to mistranslation and not DNA mutation, most likely due to tRNA(Tyr) mischarging due to the structural similarities between tyrosine and phenylalanine.
Racemic and optically active 2,9-dimethyl-5-(m-hydroxyphenyl)morphans and pharmacological comparison with the 9-demethyl homologs (1984)

2,9 alpha-Dimethyl-5-(m-hydroxyphenyl)morphan (3a) has been synthesized from 5-(m-methoxyphenyl)-2-methyl-9-oxomorphan (4) and resolved into its enantiomers (+)-3a and (-)-3a. The assigned alpha-orientation of the 9-methyl group was derived from studies of induced NMR shifts using Eu(fod)3-d27. Compound (+)-3a has inappreciable agonist (antinociceptive) activity in mice, and (-)-3a shows codeine-like potency in the hot-plate and writhing tests only. The 9-demethyl homologues, (+)-1 and (-)-1, are strong agonists, about as potent as morphine in these tests as well as in the tail-flick assay. The racemic compound 3a and (+)-3a, but not (-)-3a, exhibit low-potency, narcotic-antagonist activity in mice (tail-flick test, vs. morphine). All three, however, precipitate abstinence in nonwithdrawn, morphine-dependent rhesus monkeys. Monkey studies with the 9-demethyl homologues confirmed earlier results showing that (+)-1, suppressing abstinence in withdrawn animals, has high physical dependence capacity, while (-)-1 has none. Instead, (-)-1 precipitates abstinence in nonwithdrawn animals. Studies in rats and isolated organs (guinea pig ileum and mouse vas deferens) and receptor-binding assays confirm the quite different opioid-action profiles of (+)-1 and (-)-1, which thus might interact with different opioid receptors. Catalytic hydrogenation of the methiodide (7) of 5 gave, instead of the expected epimer of 3a, ring-opened compound 8.