gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accuracy-aware aquatic diffusion process profiling using robotic sensor networks (2012)

Water resources and aquatic ecosystems are facing increasing threats from climate change, improper waste disposal, and oil spill incidents. It is of great interest to deploy mobile sensors to detect and monitor certain diffusion processes (e.g., chemical pollutants) that are harmful to aquatic environments. In this paper, we propose an accuracy-aware diffusion process profiling approach using smart aquatic mobile sensors such as robotic fish. In our approach, the robotic sensors collaboratively profile the characteristics of a diffusion process including source location, discharged substance amount, and its evolution over time. In particular, the robotic sensors reposition themselves to progressively improve the profiling accuracy. We formulate a novel movement scheduling problem that aims to maximize the profiling accuracy subject to limited sensor mobility and energy budget. We develop an efficient greedy algorithm and a more complex near-optimal radial algorithm to solve the problem. We conduct extensive simulations based on real data traces of robotic fish movement and wireless communication. The results show that our approach can accurately profile dynamic diffusion processes under tight energy budgets. Moreover, a preliminary evaluation based on the implementation on TelosB motes validates the feasibility of deploying our movement scheduling algorithms on mote-class robotic sensor platforms.
Metallocene Catalysts for Olefin Oligomerization (2006)

Abstract Metallocene complexes with a cocatalyst such as methylalumoxane, MAO can be used as catalysts in the dimerization or oligomerization of olefins (alkenes) including the (co‐/hydro‐)oligomerization of ethene, of the α‐olefins propene, 1‐butene, 1‐pentene, 1‐hexene, and higher α‐olefins, branched α‐olefins, cyclic olefins and α,ω‐dienes. Possible applications of α‐olefin oligomers are summarized. Oligo‐olefins can be analyzed by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) or 1 H NMR spectroscopy for molecular weight determinations and by 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy or MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry for their end group structure.
Structures for M-channel perfect-reconstruction FIR QMF banks which yield linear-phase analysis filters (1990)

The authors develop structures for FIR (finite impulse response) perfect-reconstruction QMF (quadrature mirror filter) banks, which cover a subclass of systems that yield linear-phase analysis filters for arbitrary M. The parameters of these structures can be optimized to design analysis filters with minimum stopband energy which at the same time have linear phase and satisfy the perfect-reconstruction property. If there are M subbands, then depending on whether the coefficients h/sub k/(n) of each analysis filter are symmetric or antisymmetric, several combinations of filter banks are possible. Some of these permit perfect reconstruction and some do not. For a given M, the authors develop a formula for the number of combinations for a subclass of linear-phase perfect-reconstruction structures. As an example, they elaborate on a perfect-reconstruction linear-phase lattice structure for three channels. The lattice structure is such that, regardless of the parameter values, the QMF bank enjoys the perfect-reconstruction property while at the same time the analysis filters have linear phase. A design example is presented, along with tables of impulse response coefficients.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Synergistic interactions between chitinase ChiCW and fungicides against plant fungal pathogens. (2008)

Antifungal activity of ChiCW and synergistic interactions between ChiCW with fungicides were investigated. Conidial germinations of phytopathogenic fungi, Alternaria brassicicola, Botrytis elliptica, and Colletotrichum gloeoporioides, were inhibited by ChiCW but A. longipes was not. In addition, ChiCW showed synergistic effect with fungicides Switch (cyprodinil+fludioxonil) and tebuconazole to inhibit fungal conidial germinations. The level of synergism of ChiCW with tebuconazole was higher than that with Switch. The results indicate that ChiCW may exhibit a higher level of synergism with fungicides that have a primary effect upon membranes.
Parenteral Drug Delivery: A Review (2011)

The parenteral route of administration is the most effective route for the delivery of the active pharmaceutical substances with narrow therapeutic index, poor bioavailability especially for those drugs, prescribed to unconscious patients. To maintain a therapeutic effective concentration of the drug, it requires frequent injections which ultimately lead to patient discomfort. In parenteral drug delivery, major progress has been done in the field of formulation technologies so as to provide a targeted and sustained release of drug in predictable manner. The present article reviews recent patents and major advancements in parenteral drug delivery systems along with general introduction. This article also deals with importance of novel systems in drug delivery to overcome the problems associated with conventional parenteral drug delivery systems.
Evidence of Platelet Activation at Medically Used Hypothermia and Mechanistic Data Indicating ADP as a Key Mediator and Therapeutic Target (2011)

The platelet agonist ADP plays a key role in hypothermia-induced platelet activation. Inhibition of receptor binding or hydrolysis of ADP has the potential to protect platelets against hypothermia-induced activation. Our findings provide a rational basis for further evaluation of novel antithrombotic strategies in clinically applied hypothermia.
Non-equilibrium Josephson-like effects in mesoscopic S-N-S junctions (1997)

Wide mesoscopic superconducting - normal-metal - superconducting (S-N-S) junctions exhibit Andreev bound states which carry substantial supercurrents, even at temperatures for which the equilibrium Josephson effect is exponentially small --- the currents carried by different states can cancel each other. This cancellation is incomplete whenever the junctions are driven out of equilibrium, e.g., by a dc voltage. This leads to phenomena similar to the usual dc and ac Josephson effects, but dominated by the second harmonic of the Josephson frequency, which may explain some striking recent experiments. A simple description of these, in the spirit of the Resistively-Shunted-Junction model, is suggested.
Cytochrome P-450 2D6 and 2C19 polymorphisms and length of hospitalization in psychiatry. (2006)

We evaluated whether cytochrome P450 (CYP) poor metabolizer polymorphisms of CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 are relevant for the outcome (measured by length of hospitalization) during treatment with psychotropic medications in patients with depression or schizophrenia. 229 patients were genotyped by real-time PCR hybridization probe melting curve technique for CYP2C19*2, CYP2D6*3, *4, and *6, respectively. The gene deletion CYP2D6*5 was analyzed by a long PCR method. Detailed clinical information was obtained from 53 subjects. Patients genotyped homozygous or heterozygous for those CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 poor metabolizer alleles were treated for a longer time in hospital (median 57.5 vs. 40.0 days). Psychiatric patients might benefit from CYP genotyping, the duration of stay as inpatient might be reduced by a priori selection of the appropriate drug for the individual patient.
Autism and maternally derived aberrations of chromosome 15q (1998)

Of the chronic mental disabilities of childhood, autism is causally least well understood. The former view that autism was rooted in exposure to humorless and perfectionistic parenting has given way to the notion that genetic influences are dominant underlying factors. Still, identification of specific heritable factors has been slow with causes identified in only a few cases in unselected series. A broad search for genetic and environmental influences that cause or predispose to autism is the major thrust of the South Carolina Autism Project. Among the first 100 cases enrolled in the project, abnormalities of chromosome 15 have emerged as the single most common cause. The four abnormalities identified include deletions and duplications of proximal 15q. Other chromosome aberrations seen in single cases include a balanced 13;16 translocation, a pericentric inversion 12, a deletion of 20p, and a ring 7. Candidate genes involved in the 15q region affected by duplication and deletion include the ubiquitin-protein ligase (UBE3A) gene responsible for Angelman syndrome and genes for three GABA(A) receptor subunits. In all cases, the deletions or duplications occurred on the chromosome inherited from the mother.
Parallel Analysis: a method for determining significant principal components (1995)

Abstract. Numerous ecological studies use Principal Components Analysis (PCA) for exploratory analysis and data reduction. Determination of the number of components to retain is the most crucial problem confronting the researcher when using PCA. An incorrect choice may lead to the underextraction of components, but commonly results in overextraction. Of several methods proposed to determine the significance of principal components, Parallel Analysis (PA) has proven consistently accurate in determining the threshold for significant components, variable loadings, and analytical statistics when decomposing a correlation matrix. In this procedure, eigenvalues from a data set prior to rotation are compared with those from a matrix of random values of the same dimensionality ( p variables and n samples). PCA eigenvalues from the data greater than PA eigenvalues from the corresponding random data can be retained. All components with eigenvalues below this threshold value should be considered spurious. We illustrate Parallel Analysis on an environmental data set. We reviewed all articles utilizing PCA or Factor Analysis (FA) from 1987 to 1993 from Ecology , Ecological Monographs , Journal of Vegetation Science and Journal of Ecology . Analyses were first separated into those PCA which decomposed a correlation matrix and those PCA which decomposed a covariance matrix. Parallel Analysis (PA) was applied for each PCA/FA found in the literature. Of 39 analy ses (in 22 articles), 29 (74.4 %) considered no threshold rule, presumably retaining interpretable components. According to the PA results, 26 (66.7 %) overextracted components. This overextraction may have resulted in potentially misleading interpretation of spurious components. It is suggested that the routine use of PA in multivariate ordination will increase confidence in the results and reduce the subjective interpretation of supposedly objective methods.
Expression of cyclins A, D2 and D3 in individual normal mitogen stimulated lymphocytes and in MOLT-4 leukemic cells analyzed by multiparameter flow cytometry. (1995)

Cyclins are regulatory subunits of the cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs), the enzymes that drive the cell through the respective phases and check-points of the cell cycle. The expression of cyclins in non-tumor cells, regulated by timely induction of their synthesis and proteolysis, is scheduled, occurring at discrete periods of the cell cycle. Using multiparameter flow cytometry we have recently observed that expression of cyclins B1 and E in individual normal lymphocytes mitogenically stimulated by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and lymphocytic leukemic MOLT-4 cells was similar, restricted to particular phases of the cycle: cyclin B1 was detected only in G2+M- and cyclin E in late G1 and early S-phase cells. In the present study we have measured the expression of cyclins A, D2 and D3 in these cells. The presence of cyclin A was restricted to late S and G2 phases, both in the case of lymphocytes and of MOLT-4 cells. Over 95% of the non-stimulated lymphocytes were both cyclin D2 and D3 negative. Mitogenic stimulation with PHA-induced expression of cyclins D2 and D3 in over 50% cells, which corresponds to the percentage of cells that respond to this mitogen in cultures. Expression of these proteins peaked between 8 and 24 h after addition of PHA, and then decreased at the time of cell entrance to S. During exponential growth (48-72 h after stimulation with PHA) expression of the D-type cyclins was diminished: only between 5-10% of the lymphocytes had levels of cyclin D3 as high as G1 cells between 8-24 h after PHA stimulation. Populations of proliferating lymphocytes and MOLT-4 cells were very heterogeneous in terms of expression of D-type cyclins by individual cells. While expression of cyclin D2 in exponentially growing MOLT-4 cells was similar to that of proliferating lymphocytes, the percent of cells expressing cyclin D3 as well as the degree of expression, was higher in MOLT-4 cells, regardless of the phase of the cycle. These results, with our earlier observations of the untimely expression of cyclins B1 and E in several other tumor lines, suggest that altered expression of cyclins may be a frequent feature of malignancy.
Isolation and characterization of the mouse metallothionein-I gene. (1980)

Double-stranded cDNA was synthesized from a mouse liver mRNA fraction enriched for metallothionein mRNA activity, ligated to restriction site linkers, inserted into pBR322, and used to transform Escherichia coli chi 1776. The sequence of the largest plasmid containing DNA that hybridized to metallothionein mRNA was determined and shown to contain a 380-base-pair insert that includes the entire coding region and 3' untranslated region of metallothionein-I. The metallothionein-I insert was nick-translated and used to screen both a mouse myeloma and a mouse embryo DNA library in bacteriophage lambda. A metallothionein-I genomic clone containing 13-15 kilobase pairs of mouse DNA was isolated from each library. Both contain a 3.8-kilobase-pair EcoRI fragment that hybridizes to the metallothionein-I probe. The location, size, and orientation of the metallothionein-I gene within the 3.8-kilobase-pair fragment were determined by heteroduplex and restriction mapping. The gene spans 1.1 kilobase pairs and contains at least two introns.
Rapamycin synergizes with the epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor erlotinib in non–small-cell lung, pancreatic, colon, and breast tumors (2006)

The receptor for epidermal growth factor (EGFR) is overexpressed in many cancers. One important signaling pathway regulated by EGFR is the phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3K)-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1-Akt pathway. Activation of Akt leads to the stimulation of antiapoptotic pathways, promoting cell survival. Akt also regulates the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-S6K-S6 pathway to control cell growth in response to growth factors and nutrients. Recent reports have shown that the sensitivity of non-small-cell lung cancer cell lines to EGFR inhibitors such as erlotinib (Tarceva, OSI Pharmaceuticals) is dependent on inhibition of the phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1-Akt-mTOR pathway. There can be multiple inputs to this pathway as activity can be regulated by other receptors or upstream mutations. Therefore, inhibiting EGFR alone may not be sufficient for substantial inhibition of all tumor cells, highlighting the need for multipoint intervention. Herein, we sought to determine if rapamycin, an inhibitor of mTOR, could enhance erlotinib sensitivity for cell lines derived from a variety of tissue types (non-small-cell lung, pancreatic, colon, and breast). Erlotinib could inhibit extracellular signal-regulated kinase, Akt, and S6 only in cell lines that were the most sensitive. Rapamycin could fully inhibit S6 in all cell lines, but this was accompanied by activation of Akt phosphorylation. However, combination with erlotinib could down-modulate rapamycin-stimulated Akt activity. Therefore, in select cell lines, inhibition of both S6 and Akt was achieved only with the combination of erlotinib and rapamycin. This produced a synergistic effect on cell growth inhibition, observations that extended in vivo using xenograft models. These results suggest that combining rapamycin with erlotinib might be clinically useful to enhance response to erlotinib.
Accurate coronary calcium phosphate mass measurements from electron beam computed tomograms. (1995)

Precipitates of calcium phosphate in coronary arteries always indicate the presence of atherosclerosis. The mass of these precipitates is related to the severity of atherosclerosis. To determine the accuracy of electron beam computed tomographic (CT) mass estimates, we imaged 21 human hearts inside an anthropomorphic chest phantom using an Imatron C-100 electron beam CT scanner (Imatron, San Francisco, CA). We then incinerated the 63 imaged coronary arteries and weighed the mineral ash. We calculated the mass estimates from the images using an algorithm derived from a model that assumes simple radiographic properties of the coronary arteries. We also calculated the currently used coronary calcium score for each artery. Although both the mass estimates and the scores correlated with the actual mass of the incinerated specimens (r = .97 and r = .93), the correlation with the mass estimates was better (P = .02; William's test). The regression equation relating the actual mass to the mass estimates was y = 1.37 x + 14, indicating that the CT mass estimates consistently underestimate actual coronary calcium phosphate mass. We conclude that relative mass estimates using electron beam CT scanning are accurate and that both these and the currently employed calcium scores reflect the actual mass of precipitated calcium phosphate in diseased coronary arteries.
An In Vitro Model of Differentiated Human Airway Epithelia: Methods for Establishing Primary Cultures (2003)

The human airway epithelium forms a barrier between the external and internal environments, separating air from the interstitial space. However, it also serves many other functions. By active transepithelial transport of electrolytes, it controls the composition and quantity of the airway surface liquid covering the epithelium. It secretes numerous agents into the airway surface liquid, including IgA and antimicrobial factors; these form part of the defensive shield that protects the airways and lungs from infection. The activity of its cilia are key to mucociliary clearance. The epithelium participates in the inflammatory response when challenged with environmental factors or infectious agents. It responds to and produces a number of cytokines and other pro- and antiinflammatory agents. To study and understand the complex and varied functions of human airway epithelia, investigators have developed cell culture models of the epithelium. Compared to in vivo studies, such models have the important advantage of flexibility, control of experimental conditions, and greater opportunities for intervention. They also allow the study of epithelial function in the absence of other cells and tissues such as macrophages, submucosal glands, fibroblasts, and cells of the immune system. Conversely, for some studies, the presence of nonepithelial cells and tissues would be advantageous.
The three complementarity-determining region-like loops in the second extracellular domain of human Fc alpha/mu receptor contribute to its binding of IgA and IgM (2012)

The Fc alpha/mu receptor (Fcα/μR, CD351) is a receptor that has dual specificity for IgA and IgM. Its second extracellular domain (EC2) has an Ig variable region-like structure and is predicted to be the ligand binding domain. EC2 is homologous to the first Ig-like domain (D1) of polymeric Ig receptor (pIgR) and has three complementarity-determining region (CDR)-like loops. A peptide that includes the CDR1-like loop region has been found to be responsible for IgA and IgM binding. However, whether the CDR2- and CDR3-like loops of EC2 contribute to ligand binding has remained unclear. In this work, we made three chimaeric receptors composed of the hFcα/μR backbone but having the CDR1-, CDR2- and CDR3-like loops of EC2 replaced by their counterpart loops from human pIgR D2, which itself does not bind IgA or IgM. Flow cytometry and confocal microscopy analysis showed that substitution of either the CDR1- or the CDR2-like loop abrogated IgA and IgM binding, indicating that both the CDR1- and the CDR2-like loops were important for ligand binding. In comparison, substitution of CDR3-like loop resulted in significant loss of IgM binding but has only a small negative effect on IgA binding. In addition, site-directed mutagenesis of the three CDR-like loops showed that residues Val29, Arg31, Asn54, Gln55, Glu98, Asn99 and Asn100 were involved in both IgA and IgM binding, and substitution of Glu98 within the CDR3-like loop increased IgA binding but decreased IgM binding.
Quality measurements for mobile data collection in the developing world. (2012)

Third International Workshop on Spoken Languages Technologies for Under-resourced Languages (SLTU'12), Monkey Valley, Cape Town, South Africa, 7-9 May 2012
Performing History on Stage: The Re-creation of a Historical Narrative in Marie Clements's Burning Vision (2015)

This paper intends to analyze how Canadian Metis playwright Marie Clements offers an unknown account of the history of the atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945 in her play Burning Vision. This account is constructed in a non-linear narrative where different characters from various times and places, who are all linked through the history of the nuclear bombs, slowly converge toward the apex of the play, which coincides with the dropping of both atomic bombs. Clements, thus, not only manages to install the marginalized and victimized subjects of the history of the uranium trade as the protagonists of this history, but also makes an important comment on the role of art - more precisely drama - in the re-working of (inter)national history. This reading of the play is helped by Homi K. Bhabha's discussion of national narratives and their performance in the Location of Culture as well as performance theory.
Neutrophils and Host Defense (1988)

Neutrophils, the predominant phagocytes of circulating blood, are the first cells to arrive at sites of infection. Although neutropenia has long been recognized to predispose to infection, recently other syndromes marked by frequent infections have been shown to be caused by an underlying neutrophil dysfunction. Efforts to define the molecular pathology of such disorders have helped delineate the molecular basis of normal neutrophil function. Advances have been made in defining the roles of the neutrophil's varied receptors in recognition, movement, and adhesive phenomena. Progress in establishing the pathogenesis of chronic granulomatous disease has provided important insights into the enzymatic machinery that normal neutrophils use to produce antimicrobial oxidants. The identification and precise characterization of antimicrobial components, such as defensins, have outlined the potential roles of "natural antibiotics" in neutrophil-mediated host-defense functions. These areas of neutrophil function will be reviewed and placed in a clinical context to guide physicians in evaluating children and adults with frequent or unusual infections.
Joint Processing of ZF Detection and MAP Decoding for MIMO-OFDM System (2004)

We propose a new bandwidth-efficient technique that achieves high data rates over a wideband wireless channel. This new scheme is targeted for a multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) system that achieves transmit diversity through a space frequency block code and capacity enhancement through the iterative joint processing of zero-forcing detection and maximum a posteriori (MAP) decoding. Furthermore, the proposed scheme is compared to the coded Bell Labs Layered Space-Time OFDM (BLAST-OFDM) scheme.