gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Separation of blood in microchannel bends (2005)

Most clinical chemistry tests are performed on cell-free serum or plasma. Therefore micro assay devices for blood tests require integrated on-chip microfluidics for separation of plasma or serum from blood. This is achieved by a new blood separation technique based on a microchannel bend structure developed within the collaborative microtele-biochip muTBC) project co-funded by the German Ministry for education and research (BMBF). Different prototype polymer chips have been manufactured with an UV-LIGA process and hot embossing technology. The separation efficiency of these chips has been determined with samples of human whole blood as well as diluted blood samples. The results show different separation efficiencies up to 90% for blood cells and plasma depending on microchannel geometry as well as cell concentration. As compared to present microfluidic devices for the separation of blood cells like filters or filtration by diffusion the microchannel bend is an integrated on-chip blood separation method, which combines the advantages of rapid separation times and a simple geometry.
Graphene on Ni(111): Strong interaction and weak adsorption (2011)

The adsorption of graphene on Ni(111) has been investigated on the basis of the adiabatic-connection fluctuation-dissipation theorem in the random phase approximation (RPA). Although we find a significant hybridization between the graphene $\ensuremath{\pi}$ orbitals and Ni ${d}_{{z}^{2}}$ states at a binding distance of 2.17 \AA{}, the adsorption energy is still in the range of a typical physisorption (67 meV per carbon). An important contribution to the energy is related to a decrease in the exchange energy resulting from the adsorption-induced lower symmetry in the graphene layer. The energetics can be well reproduced using the computationally significantly cheaper van der Waals density functional theory with an appropriately chosen exchange-correlation functional.
Novel ABCB11 mutations in a Thai infant with progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (2009)

Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) type 2 is caused by mutations in ABCB11, which encodes bile salt export pump (BSEP). We report a Thai female infant who presented with progressive cholestatic jaundice since 1 mo of age, with normal serum gamma-glutamyltransferase. Immunohistochemical staining of the liver did not demonstrate BSEP along the canaliculi, while multidrug resistance protein 3 was expressed adequately. Novel mutations in ABCB11, a four-nucleotide deletion in exon 3, c.90_93delGAAA, and a single-nucleotide insertion in exon 5, c.249_250insT, were identified, with confirmation in her parents. These mutations were predicted to lead to synthesis of truncated forms of BSEP. Immunostaining and mutation analysis thus established the diagnosis of PFIC type 2.
Effects of Carbamazepine on Dopamine- and Serotonin-Mediated Neuroendocrine Responses (1990)

Neuroendocrine testing was carried out in seven male volunteers before and at the end of a 10-day course of carbamazepine (up to 700 mg daily). After carbamazepine treatment, the prolactin response to intravenous administration of the serotonin precursor tryptophan (5 g) was significantly enhanced, but there was no change in basal plasma tryptophan level or in tryptophan disposition after infusion. The prolactin response to intravenous protirelin (6.25 micrograms) was unaltered. Carbamazepine treatment also produced an increase in the growth hormone response to subcutaneous administration of the dopamine agonist apomorphine hydrochloride (5 micrograms/kg). These data suggest that carbamazepine may alter brain serotonin and dopamine function in humans. Such effects could be involved in the therapeutic properties of carbamazepine in affective disorder.
DIAGNÓSTICO DE MIOCARDITE POR RESSONÂNCIA MAGNÉTICA CARDÍACA: REVISÃO DE LITERATURA (2016)

Define-se miocardite como um processo inflamatorio do miocardio, associado a disfuncao cardiaca, podendo ser mediante exposicao a agentes infecciosos e quimicos, processos inflamatorios e autoimunes ou drogas, pode acometer outras estruturas cardiacas, sendo mais comum o pericardio. A grande variedade de apresentacao clinica da miocardite estende-se desde casos assintomaticos a episodios de morte subita. Quando sintomaticos sabe-se que a insuficiencia cardiaca e a apresentacao clinica mais frequente. O acometimento por miocardite ocasiona alteracoes eletrocardiograficas tipicas, significativas e importantes, podendo eventualmente ser semelhantes a achados do quadro de sindrome coronariana. O metodo diagnostico de miocardite por RM, esta adquirindo importância singular e imprescindivel na investigacao e elucidacao nos casos considerados clinicamente suspeitos, principalmente quando o diagnostico anteriormente dependia exclusivamente de biopsia miocardica. O objetivo desta revisao literaria e apresentar a importância do metodo de diagnostico por Ressonância Magnetica nos estudos de miocardite e patologias associadas.
Latency, Bandwidth and Power Benefits of the SuperCHIPS Integration Scheme (2017)

In this paper, we describe the performance and power benefits of our Fine Pitch integration scheme on a Silicon Interconnect Fabric (Si IF). Here we propose a Simple Universal Parallel intERface (SuperCHIPS) protocol enabled by fine pitch dielet to interconnect fabric assembly. We show the dramatic improvements in bandwidth, latency, and power are achievable through our integration scheme where small dielets (1-25 mm2) are attached to a rigid Silicon Interconnect Fabric (Si-IF) at fine interconnect pitch (2-10 μm) and short inter-die distance (50-500 μm) using solderless metal-to-metal thermal compression bonding (TCB). Our simulations show that links in the Si-IF with short wire-lengths (5-25x improvement in data bandwidth. This can improve system performance (>20x) when compared to PCB-style integration and may even approach single die SoC metrics in some cases. Furthermore our protocol is simple and non-proprietary. We show that this scheme enables heterogeneous system integration using a dielet based assembly method and provides significant reduction in design and validation cost.System-level analysis of heterogeneous integration scheme promises power benefits of more than 15% even for very small systems.
Behavior of Aspartic Acid as a Corrosion Inhibitor for Steel (1994)

Corrosion inhibition of steel by aspartic acid (C4H7NO4), an amino acid of low molecular weight, was found to depend strongly on pH. At a pH less than the ionization constant at ~ 9.5 to 10 (measured at 25°C), C4H7NO4 appeared to accelerate corrosion. Above that pH, it acted as a corrosion inhibitor for steel. A specially constructed potential-pH diagram for iron (Fe) that incorporated C4H7NO4 showed the change in behavior was accompanied by the most stable thermodynamic state changing from an iron aspartate complex to iron oxide. Polymerized C4H7NO4 (polyaspartic acid) behaved in a similar manner. Some other amino acids of low molecular weight behaved similarly.
Boosting Decision Trees (1995)

We introduce a constructive, incremental learning system for regression problems that models data by means of locally linear experts. In contrast to other approaches, the experts are trained independently and do not compete for data during learning. Only when a prediction for a query is required do the experts cooperate by blending their individual predictions. Each expert is trained by minimizing a penalized local cross validation error using second order methods. In this way, an expert is able to find a local distance metric by adjusting the size and shape of the receptive field in which its predictions are valid, and also to detect relevant input features by adjusting its bias on the importance of individual input dimensions. We derive asymptotic results for our method. In a variety of simulations the properties of the algorithm are demonstrated with respect to interference, learning speed, prediction accuracy, feature detection, and task oriented incremental learning.
Suppression of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1-induced cell death by 14-3-3 proteins (1999)

Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) is a pivotal component of a signaling pathway induced by many death stimuli, including tumor necrosis factor alpha, Fas, and the anticancer drugs cisplatin and paclitaxel. Here we report that ASK1 proapoptotic activity is antagonized by association with 14-3-3 proteins. We found that ASK1 specifically bound 14-3-3 proteins via a site involving Ser-967 of ASK1. Interestingly, overexpression of 14-3-3 in HeLa cells blocked ASK1-induced apoptosis whereas disruption of the ASK1/14-3-3 interaction dramatically accelerated ASK1-induced cell death. Targeting of ASK1 by a 14-3-3-mediated survival pathway may provide a novel mechanism for the suppression of apoptosis.
Cell Wall Assembly in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (2006)

An extracellular matrix composed of a layered meshwork of beta-glucans, chitin, and mannoproteins encapsulates cells of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This organelle determines cellular morphology and plays a critical role in maintaining cell integrity during cell growth and division, under stress conditions, upon cell fusion in mating, and in the durable ascospore cell wall. Here we assess recent progress in understanding the molecular biology and biochemistry of cell wall synthesis and its remodeling in S. cerevisiae. We then review the regulatory dynamics of cell wall assembly, an area where functional genomics offers new insights into the integration of cell wall growth and morphogenesis with a polarized secretory system that is under cell cycle and cell type program controls.
Orthoamide, VIII Über die Umsetzung aktivierter Methylgruppen an substituierten Toluolen und Heterocyclen mit Aminal‐tert.‐butylester zu Enaminen (1968)

Abstract Aktivierte Methylgruppen an substituierten Toluolen und Heterocyclen lassen sich mit dem Aminal‐tert.‐butylester 3 zu Enaminen umsetzen; einige dieser Enamine konnten durch saure Hydrolyse in die entsprechend substituierten Aldehyde oder deren Dinitrophenylhydrazone übergeführt werden.
Methanocarba Analogues of Purine Nucleosides as Potent and Selective Adenosine Receptor Agonists (2000)

Adenosine receptor agonists have cardioprotective, cerebroprotective, and antiinflammatory properties. We report that a carbocyclic modification of the ribose moiety incorporating ring constraints is a general approach for the design of A(1) and A(3) receptor agonists having favorable pharmacodynamic properties. While simple carbocyclic substitution of adenosine agonists greatly diminishes potency, methanocarba-adenosine analogues have now defined the role of sugar puckering in stabilizing the active adenosine receptor-bound conformation and thereby have allowed identification of a favored isomer. In such analogues a fused cyclopropane moiety constrains the pseudosugar ring of the nucleoside to either a Northern (N) or Southern (S) conformation, as defined in the pseudorotational cycle. In binding assays at A(1), A(2A), and A(3) receptors, (N)-methanocarba-adenosine was of higher affinity than the (S)-analogue, particularly at the human A(3) receptor (N/S affinity ratio of 150). (N)-Methanocarba analogues of various N(6)-substituted adenosine derivatives, including cyclopentyl and 3-iodobenzyl, in which the parent compounds are potent agonists at either A(1) or A(3) receptors, respectively, were synthesized. The N(6)-cyclopentyl derivatives were A(1) receptor-selective and maintained high efficacy at recombinant human but not rat brain A(1) receptors, as indicated by stimulation of binding of [(35)S]GTP-gamma-S. The (N)-methanocarba-N(6)-(3-iodobenzyl)adenosine and its 2-chloro derivative had K(i) values of 4.1 and 2.2 nM at A(3) receptors, respectively, and were highly selective partial agonists. Partial agonism combined with high functional potency at A(3) receptors (EC(50) < 1 nM) may produce tissue selectivity. In conclusion, as for P2Y(1) receptors, at least three adenosine receptors favor the ribose (N)-conformation.
Accurate colorimetric feedback for RGB LED clusters (2006)

We present an empirical model of LED emission spectra that is applicable to both InGaN and AlInGaP high-flux LEDs, and which accurately predicts their relative spectral power distributions over a wide range of LED junction temperatures. We further demonstrate with laboratory measurements that changes in LED spectral power distribution with temperature can be accurately predicted with first- or second-order equations. This provides the basis for a real-time colorimetric feedback system for RGB LED clusters that can maintain the chromaticity of white light at constant intensity to within ±0.003 &#916;uv over a range of 45 degrees Celsius, and to within 0.01 &#916;uv when dimmed over an intensity range of 10:1.
Mapping and characterization of the origin of DNA replication of porcine circovirus (1997)

The origin of DNA replication of porcine circovirus (PCV) was mapped to a 111-bp fragment. On top of a hairpin, a nonanucleotide (TAGTATTAC) homologous to nonanucleotides of other viruses was identified. Mutation of this element abolishes replication. PCV may be related to a virus family characterized by single-stranded circular DNA genomes, rolling-circle replication, and homology of their rep proteins.
Conditional deficiencies of ornithine or arginine. (1986)

Relative deficiencies of ornithine or arginine occur in the presence of excessive ammonia, excessive lysine, growth, pregnancy, trauma, or protein deficiency and malnutrition. Ammonia excess may occur in the presence of a normal liver when amino acid mixtures lacking ornithine, arginine, or citrulline are infused; when specific amino acids such as glycine are injected; when ammonium salts, urea, or urease are injected; or when the gastrointestinal tract contains an excess of protein, urea, or NH4+, as occurs after a gastrointestinal hemorrhage. In these states, ornithine is often rate-limiting for urea cycle function. Ornithine is also rate-limiting when ammonia excess occurs in the presence of hepatic failure. In three of the inherited urea cycle disorders, ornithine insufficiency and ammonia excess also occur. These disorders are citrullinemia, argininosuccinic aciduria, and argininemia. In the presence of excessive lysine the availability of arginine is reduced and the formation of ornithine is decreased in the liver; urea synthesis is reduced, but orotic acid synthesis is increased, and orotic aciduria results as carbamyl phosphate is directed toward the pyrimidine pathway. Hereditary lysinuric protein intolerance results in ornithine depletion, hyperammonemia, and orotic acid uria. Optimal growth in several species of animals requires 0.4-1.0% arginine in the diet. Diets deficient in arginine are associated with poor wound healing as well as stunted growth. The measurement of orotic acid excretion has been a convenient indicator of insufficiency of ornithine or arginine during growth or pregnancy in animals and should prove useful in assessing the requirement for arginine after trauma. Normal human pregnancy is associated with low-grade orotic aciduria. Protein deficiency and malnutrition increase the vulnerability of the animal or child to ammonia toxicity. This is presumably due to insufficient ornithine for normal urea cycle responsiveness.
Mechanism of action of tetanus and botulinum neurotoxins (1994)

The clostridial neurotoxins responsible for tetanus and botulism are metallo-proteases that enter nerve cells and block neurotransmitter release via zinc-dependent cleavage of protein components of the neuroexocytosis apparatus. Tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT) binds to the presynaptic membrane of the neuromuscular junction and is internalized and transported retroaxonally to the spinal cord. Whilst TeNT causes spastic paralysis by acting on the spinal inhibitory interneurons, the seven serotypes of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNT) induce a flaccid paralysis because they intoxicate the neuromuscular junction. TeNT and BoNT serotypes B, D, F and G specifically cleave VAMP/synaptobrevin, a membrane protein of small synaptic vesicles, at different single peptide bonds. Proteins of the presynaptic membrane are specifically attacked by the other BoNTs: serotypes A and E cleave SNAP-25 at two different sites located within the carboxyl terminus, whereas the specific target of serotype C is syntaxin.
Fullerene‐Free Polymer Solar Cells with over 11% Efficiency and Excellent Thermal Stability (2016)

A nonfullerene-based polymer solar cell (PSC) that significantly outperforms fullerene-based PSCs with respect to the power-conversion efficiency is demonstrated for the first time. An efficiency of >11%, which is among the top values in the PSC field, and excellent thermal stability is obtained using PBDB-T and ITIC as donor and acceptor, respectively.
The hydrolysis of rabbit γ-globulin and antibodies with crystalline papain (1959)

18I IN BIOSYNTHETIC [131I]THYROXINE 119 of iodine. Coupling in the 3:5 positions occurs only slightly or not at all.
Life Cycle Assessment of Hydrogen Production via Natural Gas Steam Reforming (2000)

A life cycle assessment of hydrogen production via natural gas steam reforming was performed to examine the net emissions of greenhouse gases as well as other major environmental consequences. LCA is a systematic analytical method that helps identify and evaluate the environmental impacts of a specific process or competing processes.
2‐Hydroxyisocaproyl‐CoA dehydratase and its activator from <i>Clostridium difficile</i> (2004)

The hadBC and hadI genes from Clostridium difficile were functionally expressed in Escherichia coli and shown to encode the novel 2-hydroxyisocaproyl-CoA dehydratase HadBC and its activator HadI. The activated enzyme catalyses the dehydration of (R)-2-hydroxyisocaproyl-CoA to isocaprenoyl-CoA in the pathway of leucine fermentation. The extremely oxygen-sensitive homodimeric activator as well as the heterodimeric dehydratase, contain iron and inorganic sulfur; besides varying amounts of zinc, other metal ions, particularly molybdenum, were not detected in the dehydratase. The reduced activator transfers one electron to the dehydratase concomitant with hydrolysis of ATP, a process similar to that observed with the unrelated nitrogenase. The thus activated dehydratase was separated from the activator and ATP; it catalyzed about 10(4) dehydration turnovers until the enzyme became inactive. Adding activator, ATP, MgCl(2), dithionite and dithioerythritol reactivated the enzyme. This is the first demonstration with a 2-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase that the catalytic electron is recycled after each turnover. In agreement with this observation, only substoichiometric amounts of activator (dehydratase/activator = 10 mol/mol) were required to generate full activity.
Imiquimod, a Topical Immune Response Modifier, in the Treatment of Cutaneous Metastases of Malignant Melanoma (2002)

Overall, imiquimod as a single agent or in combination with intralesional IL-2 may be a promising immunomodulatory compound for the adjuvant topical treatment of patients with multiple cutaneous metastases of malignant melanoma.
Microfluidic Device for Combinatorial Fusion of Liposomes and Cells (2000)

We describe an electrofusion-based technique for combinatorial synthesis of individual liposomes. A prototype device with containers for liposomes of different compositions and a fusion container was constructed. The sample containers had fluid contact with the fusion container through microchannels. Optical trapping was used to transport individual liposomes and cells through the microchannels into the fusion container. In the fusion container, selected pairs of liposomes were fused together using microelectrodes. A large number of combinatorially synthesized liposomes with complex compositions and reaction systems can be obtained from small sets of precursor liposomes. The order of different reaction steps can be specified and defined by the fusion sequence. This device could also facilitate single cell-cell electrofusions (hybridoma production). This is exemplified by fusion of transported red blood cells.
Origins of Dengue Type 2 Viruses Associated with Increased Pathogenicity in the Americas (1997)

The recent emergence and spread of dengue hemorrhagic fever in the Americas have been a major source of concern. Efforts to control this disease are dependent on understanding the pathogenicity of dengue viruses and their transmission dynamics. Pathogenicity studies have been hampered by the lack of in vitro or in vivo models of severe dengue disease. Alternatively, molecular epidemiologic studies which associate certain dengue virus genetic types with severe dengue outbreaks may point to strains with increased pathogenicity. The comparison of nucleotide sequences (240 bp) from the E/NS1 gene region of the dengue virus genome has been shown to reflect evolutionary relationships and geographic origins of dengue virus strains. This approach was used to demonstrate an association between the introduction of two distinct genotypes of dengue type 2 virus and the appearance of dengue hemorrhagic fever in the Americas. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that these genotypes originated in Southeast Asia and that they displaced the native, American genotype in at least four countries. Vaccination and other control efforts should therefore be directed at decreasing the transmission of these "virulent" genotypes.
Ca2+-independent Phospholipase A2 Is a Novel Determinant of Store-operated Ca2+ Entry (2003)

Store-operated cation (SOC) channels and capacitative Ca(2+) entry (CCE) play very important role in cellular function, but the mechanism of their activation remains one of the most intriguing and long lasting mysteries in the field of Ca(2+) signaling. Here, we present the first evidence that Ca(2+)-independent phospholipase A(2) (iPLA(2)) is a crucial molecular determinant in activation of SOC channels and store-operated Ca(2+) entry pathway. Using molecular, imaging, and electrophysiological techniques, we show that directed molecular or pharmacological impairment of the functional activity of iPLA(2) leads to irreversible inhibition of CCE mediated by nonselective SOC channels and by Ca(2+)-release-activated Ca(2+) (CRAC) channels. Transfection of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) with antisense, but not sense, oligonucleotides for iPLA(2) impaired thapsigargin (TG)-induced activation of iPLA(2) and TG-induced Ca(2+) and Mn(2+) influx. Identical inhibition of TG-induced Ca(2+) and Mn(2+) influx (but not Ca(2+) release) was observed in SMC, human platelets, and Jurkat T-lymphocytes when functional activity of iPLA(2) was inhibited by its mechanism-based suicidal substrate, bromoenol lactone (BEL). Moreover, irreversible inhibition of iPLA(2) impaired TG-induced activation of single nonselective SOC channels in SMC and BAPTA (1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid)-induced activation of whole-cell CRAC current in rat basophilic leukemia cells. Thus, functional iPLA(2) is required for activation of store-operated channels and capacitative Ca(2+) influx in wide variety of cell types.