gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Conjugated Aptamer-Gold Nanoparticle Fluorescent Probe for Highly Sensitive Detection of rHuEPO-α (2011)

We present here a novel conjugated aptamer-gold nanoparticle (Apt-AuNPs) fluorescent probe and its application for specific detection of recombinant human erythropoietin-α (rHuEPO-α). In this nanobiosensor, 12 nm AuNPs function as both a nano-scaffold and a nano-quencher (fluorescent energy acceptor), on the surface of which the complementary sequences are linked (as cODN-AuNPs) and pre-hybridized with carboxymethylfluorescein (FAM)-labeled anti-rHuEPO-α aptamers. Upon target protein binding, the aptamers can be released from the AuNP surface and the fluorescence signal is restored. Key variables such as the length of linker, the hybridization site and length have been designed and optimized. Full performance evaluation including sensitivity, linear range and interference substances are also described. This nanobiosensor provides a promising approach for a simple and direct quantification of rHuEPO-α concentrations as low as 0.92 nM within a few hours.
Inhibition of Activation of the Classical Pathway of Complement by Human Neutrophil Defensins (1998)

Defensins are small, cationic antimicrobial peptides that are present in the azurophilic granules of neutrophils. Earlier studies have shown that defensins may influence complement activation by specific interaction with activated C1, C1q, and C1-inhibitor. In the present study, we show that the defensin human neutrophil peptide-1 (HNP-1) is able to inhibit activation of the classical complement pathway by inhibition of C1q hemolytic activity. The binding site for HNP-1 on C1q is most likely located on the collagen-like stalks, as a clear, dose-dependent binding of HNP-1 to either intact C1q or to the collagen-like stalks of C1q was demonstrated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Besides binding of HNP-1 to C1q, also a limited binding to C1 and to a mixture of C1r and C1s was observed, whereas no binding to C1-inhibitor was found. Because binding of HNP-1 to C1-inhibitor has been suggested in earlier studies, we also assessed the binding of HNP-1 to mixtures of C1-inhibitor with either C1r/ C1s or C1. No binding was found. Using a competition ELISA, it was found that HNP-1, but not protamine, inhibited binding of biotin-labeled HNP-1 to C1q in a dose-dependent fashion. In the fluid phase, preincubation of HNP-1 with C1q resulted in complex formation of HNP-1 and C1q and generation of stable complexes. In conclusion, HNP-1 is able to bind to C1q in the fluid phase and inhibits the classical complement pathway. This mechanism may be involved in the control of an inflammatory response in vivo.
Design of Enediyne Prodrugs (1995)

An important feature of the enediyne antitumor antibiotics is that a chemical activation step is necessary to allow the formation of cytotoxic diradicals to take place. Therefore they are interesting as lead compounds for the development of novel antitumor agents. This review discusses the activation principle of the natural enediynes and sorts out the factors that govern the reactivity of enediynes. It can be seen that steric as well as electronic effects can be used to modulate the reactivity of an enediyne. The known models that allow to estimate the steric effects on the reactivity are summarized. Moreover, the strategies that enable the generation of reactive enediynes from stable precursors are presented. These include the transformation of 1,5-diynes to enediynes, the removal of a bridgehead double bond (calicheamicin analogs) or the opening of an epoxide in a strained precursor (dynemicin analogs). Finally, enediyne prodrugs are presented that have originated by de-novo design.
Functional Membranes Containing Ion-Selective Matrix-Fixed Supramolecular Channels (2000)

Self-assembly of low-molecular-weight amphiphiles into long cylindrical aggregates is taken advantage of here to synthesize functional membranes (see Figure), in which the channels are chemically fixed to the matrix to prevent them from being leached out. The ion transport properties of these membranes are evaluated and the mechanism of transport considered.
Receptivity is a polarity dependent special function of hormonally regulated uterine epithelial cells (1993)

Useful knowledge of the mechanisms which regulate ovoreceptivity and implantation remains elusive in spite of increasing efforts to apply the technology of biochemistry and to a lesser extent, cellular and molecular biology to the analysis of the problem. Existing models used to analyze interactions of the blastocyst and endometrial cells of the uterus have been unable to account for nongenotypic embryonic losses, particularly those following in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. Separation of endometrial uterine epithelial (UE) and uterine stromal (US) cells was used to demonstrate that each cell type responds independently and interdependently to the same regulatory signals. Cultured by classical techniques UE cells proved unable to respond to steroid hormone signals. For this reason UE cell cultures could not be used to develop an experimental cell system that mimicked growth and development of UE cells in utero. The failure of classical UE cell cultures derived from their inability to maintain epithelial cell polarity. Polarity, the spatial asymmetry of plasma membrane domains, is intrinsic to the structure and function of an epithelial cell. Apical and basolateral surfaces have different lipid and protein compositions which are correlates of the special functions of that epithelial cell. As epithelial cells differentiate they must, in response to regulatory cues, direct the flux of membrane components moving into and out of each surface in order to establish the polarity characteristic of each stage specific expression. The acquisition of receptivity by the apical surface of the UE cell may be considered to be such a special function. To prove this hypothesis polarized cultures of primary UE cells had to be developed that were hormonally responsive. Such an experimental cell system could serve as a model for in vitro implantation. This essay describes such a culture system in which blastocysts cocultured with UE cells in the presence of estrogen, will as predicted, fail to attach. This polarized UE cell system provides a functional in vitro model to study ovoreceptivity. It is now feasible to initiate studies of hormonal regulation of the composition and function of UE cell plasma membranes as they reflect the nonreceptive, receptive, and refractory nature of its apical surface.
Bicontinuous Nanoporous Polymers by Carbon Dioxide Foaming (2001)

We investigate the physical foaming process of glassy poly(ether imide) and poly(ether sulfone) using carbon dioxide and report temperature−concentration diagrams (“foam diagrams”) marking out the foaming envelope in which dense CO2-saturated films expand and microvoids are introduced. Two types of porosities are observed. Closed microcellular structures occur at carbon dioxide saturation levels below 50 cm3 (STP)/cm3 (polymer); nanoporous bicontinuous (open) structures with pore sizes as small as 40 nm occur above this CO2 concentration threshold, which is identical for both polymers. The cellular-to-bicontinuous transition is characterized in detail on the basis of gas permeation measurements and is represented as a separate window inside the foaming diagram. In this paper, the transition to bicontinuous structures is reported for the first time, and its generic physical basis is critically reviewed.
Photoreceptor Layer Topography in Children with Leber Congenital Amaurosis Caused by<i>RPE65</i>Mutations (2008)

Photoreceptor loss in the foveal and extrafoveal retina was prominent, even in the youngest patients studied. Differences in the topography of residual photoreceptors in children with RPE65-LCA suggest that it may be advisable to use individualized ONL mapping to guide the location of subretinal injections for gene therapy and thereby maximize the potential for efficacy.
Studies of Adhesion of Lymphocytic Cells: Implications for Sexual Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus1 (1993)

Considerable evidence suggests that sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is mediated via mononuclear cells that can infect epithelia of the genital tract. We describe here an in vitro model that can be used to examine the mechanism of cell-to-cell transmission of this virus. We have employed the system to identify agents that may be effective in a vaginal formulation to prevent HIV transmission via sexual contact. We have previously shown that chronically HIV-infected mononucleocytes can infect CD4-negative epithelial monolayers in the following manner: adhesion, via multiple microvilli, of HIV-infected mononucleocyte-derived cells to epithelial monolayers activates rapid virion secretion. Virions are then shed from the attached surface of the infected lymphocyte into a partially enclosed, microvilli-laden space between the cells. The shedding results in uptake of the virus and epithelial cell infection as demonstrated by ultrastructural examination and in vitro virological techniques. In this report, we present evidence from time-lapse films that HIV-infected lymphocytes adhere to the epithelium for a few minutes and then shift position to another site on the epithelium. As a result, one infected lymphocyte appears to be able to sequentially infected several cells of the epithelial monolayer. Using a fluorescence-based cell-cell adhesion assay to examine the effect of seminal fluid and a variety of chemical compounds on lymphocyte-to-epithelial adherence, we found that seminal fluid significantly increases the number of lymphocytes adhering to epithelia. This suggests that semen can serve as an effective medium for cell-cell transmission of HIV. On the other hand, sulfated polysaccharides and glutathione effectively inhibit cell-cell adhesion. Since the cell-cell adhesion step is critical to epithelial cell infection by HIV, these results suggest that anti-cell adhesion compounds may be effective in a vaginal formulation to reduce the probability of HIV infection.
Use of Gene Expression Profiles in Cells of Peripheral Blood to Identify New Molecular Markers of Acute Pancreatitis (2008)

Microarray analysis in transcriptional profiling of PBMCs showed that genes that are uniquely related to molecular and pancreatic function display differential expression in acute pancreatitis. Profiling genes obtained from an easily accessible source during severe pancreatitis may identify surrogate markers for disease severity.
Internal resistor of multi-functional tunnel barrier for selectivity and switching uniformity in resistive random access memory (2014)

In this research, we analyzed the multi-functional role of a tunnel barrier that can be integrated in devices. This tunnel barrier, acting as an internal resistor, changes its resistance with applied bias. Therefore, the current flow in the devices can be controlled by a tunneling mechanism that modifies the tunnel barrier thickness for non-linearity and switching uniformity of devices. When a device is in a low-resistance state, the tunnel barrier controls the current behavior of the device because most of the bias is applied to the tunnel barrier owing to its higher resistance. Furthermore, the tunnel barrier induces uniform filament formation during set operation with the tunnel barrier controlling the current flow.
Heat-Evoked Activation of the Ion Channel, TRPV4 (2002)

The mammalian nervous system constantly evaluates internal and environmental temperatures to maintain homeostasis and to avoid thermal extremes. Several members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) family of ion channels have been implicated as transducers of thermal stimuli, including TRPV1 and TRPV2, which are activated by heat, and TRPM8, which is activated by cold. Here we demonstrate that another member of the TRP family, TRPV4, previously described as a hypo-osmolarity-activated ion channel, also can be activated by heat. In response to warm temperatures, TRPV4 mediates large inward currents in Xenopus oocytes and both inward currents and calcium influx into human embryonic kidney 293 cells. In both cases these responses are observed at temperatures lower than those required to activate TRPV1 and can be inhibited reversibly by ruthenium red. Heat-evoked TRPV4-mediated responses are greater in hypo-osmotic solutions and reduced in hyperosmotic solutions. Consistent with these functional properties, we observed TRPV4 immunoreactivity in anterior hypothalamic structures involved in temperature sensation and the integration of thermal and osmotic information. Together, these data implicate TRPV4 as a possible transducer of warm stimuli within the hypothalamus.
Codominance and toxins: a path to drugs of nearly unlimited selectivity. (1995)

The effectiveness of drugs is often limited by their insufficient selectivity. I propose designs of therapeutic agents that address this problem. The key feature of these reagents, termed comtoxins (codominance-mediated toxins), is their ability to utilize codominance, a property characteristic of many signals in proteins, including degradation signals (degrons) and nuclear localization signals. A comtoxin designed to kill cells that express intracellular proteins P1 and P2 but to spare cells that lack P1 and/or P2 is a multidomain fusion containing a cytotoxic domain and two degrons placed within or near two domains P1* and P2* that bind, respectively, to P1 and P2. In a cell containing both P1 and P2, these proteins would bind to the P1* and P2* domains of the comtoxin and sterically mask the nearby (appropriately positioned) degrons, resulting in a long-lived and therefore toxic drug. By contrast, in a cell lacking P1 and/or P2, at least one of the comtoxin's degrons would be active (unobstructed), yielding a short-lived and therefore nontoxic drug. A comtoxin containing both a degron and a nuclear localization signal can be designed to kill exclusively cells that contain P1 but lack P2. Analogous strategies yield comtoxins sensitive to the presence (or absence) of more than two proteins in a cell. Also considered is a class of comtoxins in which a toxic domain is split by a flexible insert containing binding sites for the target proteins. The potentially unlimited, combinatorial selectivity of comtoxins may help solve the problem of side effects that bedevils present-day therapies, for even nonselective delivery of a comtoxin would not affect cells whose protein "signatures" differ from the targeted one.
Two sites in the tissue factor extracellular domain mediate the recognition of the ligand factor VIIa. (1991)

Tissue factor (TF) binds the serine protease coagulation factor VIIa and initiates the coagulation protease cascade by forming a catalytic cofactor-enzyme complex. Using a photoactivatable crosslinking reagent coupled to factor VIIa, we have identified interactive sites in the amino-terminal (residues 44-84) and the carboxyl-terminal (residues 129-169) aspect of the extracellular domain of TF. Epitopes of inhibitory antibodies have previously indicated participation of these regions in TF function. The presence of the gamma-carboxyglutamic acid domain in factor VIIa appears to facilitate the interaction with the negatively charged, amino-proximate site, whereas crosslinking of TF with VIIa or des-(1-38)-VIIa at the positively charged carboxyl-proximate site was similar. Lack of alpha-helical secondary structure in the TF extracellular domain is consistent with the proposed structural similarity of TF with the cytokine receptor family. The interactive sites identified for TF are located in sequence spans that demonstrate a low degree of sequence conservation among the members of this receptor family. Regions with highly conserved residues, such as sequences encoded by exon 2 and 5 in TF, were not implicated in ligand recognition, suggesting that conserved residues in the receptor family may maintain the common beta-strand architecture, and variable regions provide a pair of nonidentical motifs for oriented ligand recognition.
Threshold-based congestion control for the SS7 signaling network in the GSM digital cellular network (1999)

This paper considers the congestion control scheme for the SS7 signaling network in the group special mobile (GSM) digital cellular network. This congestion control scheme is based on monitoring the SS7 link buffer occupancy. In this scheme, a congestion onset message is sent to the user parts of the SS7 network when the buffer occupancy exceeds a certain threshold, and, subsequently, a congestion abatement message is sent when the buffer occupancy goes below another threshold. Upon receipt of the congestion onset message, the user parts are expected to "intelligently" throttle the user traffic (reduce the traffic rate) so as to yield speedy recovery from congestion. Subsequently, on receipt of the abatement message, the user traffic is restored to precongestion levels. This paper primarily proposes appropriate choice of throttles and an algorithmic procedure to size the thresholds so as to yield good performance during congestion. The paper also addresses some implementation issues related to the throttles. Finally, it considers the effects of delays for the onset and abatement messages in reaching the user parts on the performance and parameters of the congestion control scheme.
Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Beads:  Suspension Polymerization Using a Liquid Perfluorocarbon as the Dispersing Phase (1996)

A suspension polymerization technique suitable for molecular imprinting is described, based on the use of a liquid perfluorocarbon as the dispersing phase. This dispersant does not interfere with the interactions between functional monomers and print molecules required for the recognition process during molecular imprinting. The method produces polymer beads, with almost quantitative yield, which can be used after only a simple washing step. An acrylate polymer with perfluorocarbon and poly(oxyethylene) ester groups was used to stabilize an emulsion of functional monomer, cross-linker, print molecule, initiator, and porogenic solvent in perfluoro(methylcyclohexane). Initiation of polymerization by UV irradiation resulted in polymer beads. The average bead size could be controlled between about 50 and 5 μm by varying the amount of stabilizing polymer. SEM of the beads indicated spherical particles with morphology typical of beads made by suspension polymerization. The technique was applicable to a range of conditions typically used for molecular imprinting. A detailed chromatographic study of the polymer beads confirmed that α values and resolution factors were similar to those achieved with traditional ground and sieved imprinted polymers. Small (5 μm) beaded packings gave low back pressure and rapid diffusion, giving good separation even at high flow rates.
A Convenient Synthesis of Trifluoromethyl Ethers by Oxidative Desulfurization-Fluorination of Dithiocarbonates (2000)

Abstract Trifluoromethyl ethers R-OCF3 are easily synthesized from the corresponding dithiocarbonates R-OCS2Me (R = aryl or primary alkyl) by a reagent system consisting of 70% HF/pyridine and an N-halo imide. When the reaction is applied to R-OCS2Me wherein R = secondary alkyl, tertiary alkyl, or benzylic group, fluorination leading to the corresponding alkyl fluorides R-F is achieved, whereas a combination of 50% HF/pyridine and N-bromosuccinimide affords the corresponding trifluoromethyl ethers R-OCF3 (R = secondary).
Uniform and high-performance eight-channel bent waveguide SOA array for hybrid PICs (2001)

A uniform and high performance eight-channel spot-size-converter integrated SOA (SSC-SOA) array for optical switching gate applications is demonstrated. Bow-shaped waveguides are used to achieve high gain and high ON-OFF ratio switching. All channels of the fabricated eight-channel array show a high fiber-to-fiber gain of 12.7 dB, low polarization-dependent gain (PDG) of <0.5 dB, and a high ON-OFF ratio of >50 dB at a low drive current of 40 mA.
Ti-Catalyzed Enantioselective Addition of Cyanide to Imines. A Practical Synthesis of Optically Pure α-Amino Acids (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTTi-Catalyzed Enantioselective Addition of Cyanide to Imines. A Practical Synthesis of Optically Pure α-Amino AcidsClinton A. Krueger, Kevin W. Kuntz, Carolyn D. Dzierba, Wolfgang G. Wirschun, John D. Gleason, Marc L. Snapper, and Amir H. HoveydaView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 17, 4284–4285Publication Date (Web):May 5, 1999Publication History Received24 November 1998Published online5 May 1999Published inissue 1 May 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja9840605https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9840605rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2330Altmetric-Citations218LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Aromatic compounds,Catalysts,Hydrocarbons,Ligands,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
The Management of Mastalgia in the UK (1989)

Mastalgia is a common breast symptom which, when severe and persistent, warrants medical therapy. Current and future treatments are reviewed.
RJPrimers: unique transposable element insertion junction discovery and PCR primer design for marker development (2010)

Transposable elements (TE) exist in the genomes of nearly all eukaryotes. TE mobilization through 'cut-and-paste' or 'copy-and-paste' mechanisms causes their insertions into other repetitive sequences, gene loci and other DNA. An insertion of a TE commonly creates a unique TE junction in the genome. TE junctions are also randomly distributed along chromosomes and therefore useful for genome-wide marker development. Several TE-based marker systems have been developed and applied to genetic diversity assays, and to genetic and physical mapping. A software tool 'RJPrimers' reported here allows for accurate identification of unique repeat junctions using BLASTN against annotated repeat databases and a repeat junction finding algorithm, and then for fully automated high-throughput repeat junction-based primer design using Primer3 and BatchPrimer3. The software was tested using the rice genome and genomic sequences of Aegilops tauschii. Over 90% of repeat junction primers designed by RJPrimers were unique. At least one RJM marker per 10 Kb sequence of A. tauschii was expected with an estimate of over 0.45 million such markers in a genome of 4.02 Gb, providing an almost unlimited source of molecular markers for mapping large and complex genomes. A web-based server and a command line-based pipeline for RJPrimers are both available at http://wheat.pw.usda.gov/demos/RJPrimers/.