gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Activation of Presynaptic P2X<sub>7</sub>-Like Receptors Depresses Mossy Fiber–CA3 Synaptic Transmission through p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (2002)

P2X(7) receptor subunits form homomeric ATP-gated, calcium-permeable cation channels. In this study, we used Western blots and immunocytochemistry to demonstrate that P2X(7) receptors are abundant on presynaptic terminals of mossy fiber synapses in the rat hippocampus. P2X(7)-immunoreactive protein was detected using a specific P2X(7) antibody in Western blots of protein isolated from whole hippocampus and from a subcellular fraction containing mossy fiber synaptosomes. P2X(7) immunoreactivity was colocalized with syntaxin 1A/B-immunoreactivity in mossy fiber terminals in the dentate hilus and stratum lucidum of CA3. Extracellular and whole-cell voltage-clamp recordings in CA3 revealed that bath application of the potent P2X(7) agonist 2',3'-O-(4-benzoylbenzoyl)-ATP (Bz-ATP) caused a long-lasting inhibition of neurotransmission at mossy fiber-CA3 synapses. Consistent with a presynaptic action at mossy fiber synapses, Bz-ATP had no significant effect on neurotransmission at associational-commissural synapses in CA3 but increased paired-pulse facilitation during depression of mossy fiber evoked currents. In addition, Bz-ATP had no postsynaptic effect on holding current or conductance of CA3 neurons. Bz-ATP-induced mossy fiber synaptic depression was blocked by the P2X(7) antagonist oxidized ATP but not by the P2X(1-3,5,6) antagonist pyridoxalphosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonic acid or the P2Y antagonist reactive blue 2. Finally, an antagonist of p38 MAP kinase activation [4-(4-fluorophenyl)2-(4-methylsulfinylphenyl)5-(4-pyridyl)imidazole] but not extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 MAP kinase (2'-amino-3'-methoxyflavone) blocked the synaptic depression mediated by Bz-ATP, suggesting that this presynaptic inhibition was mediated by activation of p38 MAP kinase. The results of the present study demonstrate that activation of presynaptic P2X(7) receptors depresses mossy fiber-CA3 synaptic transmission through activation of p38 MAP kinase.
A New Convenient Synthetic Method for 3-Allyl-1,1,1-trifluoroacetylacetone and its Derivatives (1986)

Starting from the dimethyl acetal of acetone several 3-allyl-1,1,1-trifluoroacetylacetones (1) were synthesized in high yields by treatment with trifluoroacetic anhydride, ether exchange reaction of the resulting β-trifluoroacetyl-α-methylvinyl ether with allyl alcohols in the presence of silica gel, followed by Claisen rearrangement. Reaction of 1 with hydrazine hydrate gave an allyl-substituted pyrazole bearing a trifluoromethyl group in high yield.
A rapid handoff protocol for mobility in Bluetooth public access networks (2002)

The availability of low power short range wireless technologies, such as Bluetooth, is enabling compact handheld devices to be connected to information networks,for mobile and ubiquitous computing. The usage model assumed is that mobile devices connect to nearby access points which in turn are connected to an external network. This model provides an alternative to the expensive 3G mobile networks and benefits the user through higher bandwidths, lower costs and other location specific services not feasible over 3G. A key issues here is providing mobility The mobile may move out of the range of one access point into that of another and a handoff would be required. In this paper, we first survey, the various options for implementing handoff. We then adapt Cellular IP for use in a Bluetooth based access network and propose a new handoff protocol which exploits the specific features of the Bluetooth link layer Simulations reveal that our proposed scheme reduces the handoff delay by more than an order of magnitude and has enhanced datarate capabilities compared to pure Cellular [P. The number of mobile handhelds supported at the access points is also increased.
The development and applications of the bacterial artificial chromosome cloning system. (2001)

The development of the Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) system was driven in part by the Human Genome Project as a means to construct genomic DNA libraries and physical maps for genomic sequencing. The BAC system is based on the well-characterized Escherichia coli F-factor, a low copy plasmid that exists in a supercoiled circular form in host cells. The structural features of the F-factor allow stable maintenance of individual human DNA clones as well as easy manipulation of the cloned DNA. BACs are currently used in a wide array of applications from genome sequencing to gene discovery. This paper describes the key elements in the development of the BAC system and its current notable applications.
Novel Differential Neuroproteomics Analysis of Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats (2006)

Approximately two million traumatic brain injury (TBI) incidents occur annually in the United States, yet there are no specific therapeutic treatments. The absence of brain injury diagnostic endpoints was identified as a significant roadblock to TBI therapeutic development. To this end, our laboratory has studied mechanisms of cellular injury for biomarker discovery and possible therapeutic strategies. In this study, pooled naïve and injured cortical samples (48 h postinjury; rat controlled cortical impact model) were processed and analyzed using a differential neuroproteomics platform. Protein separation was performed using combined cation/anion exchange chromatography-PAGE. Differential proteins were then trypsinized and analyzed with reversed-phase LC-MSMS for protein identification and quantitative confirmation. The results included 59 differential protein components of which 21 decreased and 38 increased in abundance after TBI. Proteins with decreased abundance included collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP-2), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, microtubule-associated proteins MAP2A/2B, and hexokinase. Conversely C-reactive protein, transferrin, and breakdown products of CRMP-2, synaptotagmin, and alphaII-spectrin were found to be elevated after TBI. Differential changes in the above mentioned proteins were confirmed by quantitative immunoblotting. Results from this work provide insight into mechanisms of traumatic brain injury and yield putative biochemical markers to potentially facilitate patient management by monitoring the severity, progression, and treatment of injury.
Extracellular phytase activity of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB45 contributes to its plant-growth-promoting effect a aThe GenBank accession numbers for the sequences determined in this work are AY055219 to AY055226. (2002)

Several Bacillus strains belonging to the B. subtilis/amyloliquefaciens group isolated from plant-pathogen-infested soil possess plant-growth-promoting activity [Krebs, B. et al. (1998) J Plant Dis Prot 105, 181-197]. Three out of the four strains investigated were identified as B. amyloliquefaciens and were able to degrade extracellular phytate (myo-inositol hexakisphosphate). The highest extracellular phytase activity was detected in strain FZB45, and diluted culture filtrates of this strain stimulated growth of maize seedlings under phosphate limitation in the presence of phytate. The amino acid sequence deduced from the phytase phyA gene cloned from FZB45 displayed a high degree of similarity to known Bacillus phytases. Weak similarity between FZB45 phytase and B. subtilis alkaline phosphatase IV pointed to a possible common origin of these two enzymes. The recombinant protein expressed by B. subtilis MU331 displayed 3(1)-phytase activity yielding D/L-Ins(1,2,4,5,6)P5 as the first product of phytate hydrolysis. A phytase-negative mutant strain, FZB45/M2, whose phyA gene is disrupted, was generated by replacing the entire wild-type gene on the chromosome of FZB45 with a km::phyA fragment, and culture filtrates obtained from FZB45/M2 did not stimulate plant growth. In addition, the growth of maize seedlings was promoted in the presence of purified phytase and the absence of culture filtrate. These genetic and biochemical experiments provide strong evidence that phytase activity of B. amyloliquefaciens FZB45 is important for plant growth stimulation under phosphate limitation.
Partial liquid ventilation decreases tissue and serum tumor necrosis factor-α concentrations in acute lung injury model of immature piglet induced by oleic acid. (2012)

PLV provides protective effects against TNF-α response in OA-induced acute lung injury in immature piglets.
Efficient tau-p hyperbolic velocity filtering (1990)

Abstract Time and offset varying velocity filtering can be achieved by limiting the data input to forward tau-p transforms. This limiting procedure, called hyperbolic velocity filtering (HVF), suppresses transform-related artifacts as well as coherent and noncoherent noise while retaining elliptical (reflection) events. We show that HVF can be viewed as a muting process in the slant-stack domain. Based on this simple but physical interpretation of HVF, a more efficient computer implementation is proposed. We further examine possible applications for HVF for processing seismic reflection data and illustrate the results using both synthetic and real data examples.
DOPA-induced "peak dose" dyskinesia: clues implicating D2 receptor-mediated mechanisms using dopaminergic agonists in MPTP monkeys. (1995)

Dopa-induced "peak dose" dyskinesia (DID) observed during the treatment of Parkinson's disease patients has traditionally been linked primarily to dopamine D1 receptor-mediated mechanisms. However, in MPTP-induced parkinsonian monkeys with DID, the administration of selective dopamine D1 or D2 agonists will, in the case of D1 agonists result in similar antiparkinsonian effect but with much less dyskinesia. Thus, once primed, enhanced D1 neural transmission might in fact benefit DID. In drug-naive MPTP monkeys, the high dyskinetic potential of several selective D2 agonists and the more favorable outcome on dyskinesia resulting from the continuous stimulation of D2 receptors (leading to D2 receptor down regulation) are important clues suggesting the primary role played by D2 receptor-mediated mechanisms in the dyskinesia priming process. Further clinical studies using drugs selective for the various dopamine receptor subtypes and of different efficacy half-lives are needed to validate our primate data.
Construction and characterization of bispecific costimulatory molecules containing a minimized CD86 (B7-2) domain and single-chain antibody fragments for tumor targeting. (2000)

Efficient T-cell activation requires two signals. The first signal, which confers specificity, is provided by interaction of the T-cell receptor with peptides presented by MHC molecules. One of the second costimulatory signals is induced by binding of B7 proteins on the surface of antigen-presenting cells to CD28 on the T-cell surface. Expression of B7 molecules on tumor cells can result in the activation of tumor specific T lymphocytes and induce protective antitumor immunity. However, at present such gene-therapeutic approaches are limited by the inability to selectively target B7 gene expression to cancer cells. As an alternative approach we exploited recombinant antibody fragments to localize a costimulatory B7 molecule to the surface of tumor cells. We constructed chimeric proteins that contain in a single polypeptide chain a portion of human B7-2 (CD86) genetically fused to single-chain (sc) Fv antibody domains specific for the tumor-associated antigens epidermal growth factor receptor and the closely related ErbB2 receptor tyrosine kinase. A small recombinant fragment of human CD86 was characterized that corresponds to amino acid residues 1-111 (CD86(111)) of the mature protein. CD86(111) produced in the yeast Pichia pastoris and CD86(111) expressed in bacteria was functionally active and displayed specific binding to B7 counter receptors. Bacterially expressed CD86(111)-scFv fusion proteins specifically localized to the respective target antigens on the surface of tumor cells and markedly enhanced the proliferation of primary T cells when bound to immobilized tumor antigen.
Task Scheduling Techniques for Asymmetric Multi-Core Systems (2016)

As performance and energy efficiency have become the main challenges for next-generation high-performance computing, asymmetric multi-core architectures can provide solutions to tackle these issues. Parallel programming models need to be able to suit the needs of such systems and keep on increasing the application’s portability and efficiency. This paper proposes two task scheduling approaches that target asymmetric systems. These dynamic scheduling policies reduce total execution time either by detecting the longest or the critical path of the dynamic task dependency graph of the application, or by finding the earliest executor of a task. They use dynamic scheduling and information discoverable during execution, fact that makes them implementable and functional without the need of off-line profiling. In our evaluation we compare these scheduling approaches with two existing state-of the art heterogeneous schedulers and we track their improvement over a FIFO baseline scheduler. We show that the heterogeneous schedulers improve the baseline by up to 1.45 <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times$</tex-math></inline-formula> in a real 8-core asymmetric system and up to 2.1 <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times$</tex-math></inline-formula> in a simulated 32-core asymmetric chip.
Heterogeneity of RNA protein antigens reactive with sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus description of a cytoplasmic nonribosomal antigen (1974)

Abstract A soluble cytoplasmic RNA protein antigen (La) is described, which precipitates with sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and a small number of patients who lack antinuclear factors but who have various connective tissue symptoms. Antibodies to the cytoplasmic RNA protein are almost invariably (8 of 9 cases) accompanied by antibodies to a non‐nucleic acid cytoplasmic antigen, Ro. Description of this antigen enlarges the spectrum of nucleic acid antigens reactive with the sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
Location—scale cumulative odds models for ordinal data: A generalized non‐linear model approach (1995)

Proportional odds regression models for multinomial probabilities based on ordered categories have been generalized in two somewhat different directions. Models having scale as well as location parameters for adjustment of boundaries (on an unobservable, underlying continuum) between categories have been employed in the context of ROC analysis. Partial proportional odds models, having different regression adjustments for different multinomial categories, have also been proposed. This paper considers a synthesis and further generalization of these two families. With use of a number of examples, I discuss and illustrate properties of this extended family of models. Emphasis is on the computation of maximum likelihood estimates of parameters, asymptotic standard deviations, and goodness-of-fit statistics with use of non-linear regression programs in standard statistical software such as SAS.
Targeting glycogen synthase kinase-3 as an approach to develop novel mood-stabilising medications (2006)

Historically, success in the pharmacological treatment of bipolar disorder has arisen either from serendipitous findings or from studies with drugs (antipsychotics and anticonvulsants) developed for other indications (schizophrenia and epilepsy, respectively). Lithium has been in widespread clinical use in the treatment of bipolar disorder for > 30 years. Development of lithium-mimetic compounds has the potential to result in a more specific medication, with fewer side effects and a less narrow dose range. However, novel medications based upon a known mechanism of action of this drug are yet to be developed. Increasing evidence suggests that a next-generation lithium compound may derive from knowledge of a direct target of lithium, glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3). GSK-3 is an intracellular enzyme implicated as a critical component in many neuronal signalling pathways. However, despite the large body of preclinical data discussed in this review, definitive validation of GSK-3 as therapeutically relevant target of lithium will require clinical trials with novel GSK-3 inhibitors. A number of recent reports suggest that it is possible to develop selective, small-molecule GSK-3 inhibitors.
Towards automated classification of fine-art painting style (2012)

This thesis presents a comparative study of different classification methodologies for the task of fine-art genre classification. The problem of painting classification involves classifying new unknown paintings among different art genres. Two-level comparative study is performed for this classification problem. The first level reviews the performance of discriminative vs. generative models while the second level touches the features aspect of the paintings and compares Semantic-level features vs low-level and intermediate-level features present in the painting. Three models are studied and compared, namely - 1) A Discriminative model using a Bag-of-Words (BoW) approach; 2) A Generative model using BoW; 3) Discriminative model using Semantic-level features. Various experiments and techniques like Bag of Words model, Topic models and Classeme features are employed to get insights into potential of these automatic classification techniques for painting styles.
Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology. (1986)

ous edition. The book is divided into three sections. The first covers general principles of microbiology, bacteriology, virology, mycology, parasitology, and antimicrobial chemotherapy. The second section discusses specific microbial agents, with a brief review of general response to infection. The third section reviews the clinical infectious disease syndromes by organ system. A subsection on infections acquired from animals and factitious illness is provided. As with any textbook of this type, where the same subject matter is covered in two or possibly three sections, there is a tendency toward repetition. However, for the most part this has been avoided, since the initial section covers the characteristics of the organisms, eg, morphology, antigenic composition, physiology, immunity, and laboratory diagnosis, while the third section focuses much
An Architecture for Improving Web Search Engine Freshness (2000)

Currently, web search engines use crawlers to poll the web servers on a per-URL basis for obtaining update information. This leads to a cycle time of many weeks before a search engine can revisit a web page. To address this problem, we present the design and implementation of {\em FreshFlow} $-$ an architecture for keeping search engines up-to-date with the changes occurring at the various web servers in the Internet. In particular, we show how an Apache web server can be used for detecting and publishing updates without any modifications to the Apache source code. FreshFlow preserves the way search engines currently gather information from the web, namely using the `pull'' approach. For accomplishing this, web servers publish their updates into special web pages. These publications contain the URLs of all pages modified since the last publication of updates. FreshFlow is made scalable using two methods: (i) by using a competitive batching algorithm to decide the points of time when publications are to be made, and (ii) by introducing entities called middlemen, that help to collect update information from numerous web servers and make them available to search engines.
Living Radical Polymerization in Homogeneous System by Using Iniferter: Design of Block Copolymers (1984)

Abstract Benzyl N-ethyldithiocarbamate(BEDC) and xylylene bis(N-ethyl-dithiocarbamate)(XEDC) were prepared, and used as mono- and bi-functional photoiniferters, respectively, of the polymerization of styrene and methyl methacrylate. These photopolymerizations were performed via a living radical polymerization mechanism in homogeneous system. The polymers obtained by BEDC and XEDC still contained one and two reactive N-ethyldithiocarbamate end groups, respectively, bonded at their chain ends. When these polymers were reacted with nucleophiles and copper(n) ion, the chain extension reactions were observed to occur depending on their functionality. By using the polymers obtained by BEDC and XEDC as mono- and bi-functional polymeric photoiniferters, the AB and ABA block copolymers were also obtained, respectively. Similar results were obtained by using benzyl N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate(BDC) and xylylene bis(N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate)(XEDC) as mono- and bifunctional photoiniferters, respectively. These results were also compared and discussed.
Immunogenicity and Tolerogenicity of a Major House Dust Mite Allergen, &lt;i&gt;Der p&lt;/i&gt; l from &lt;i&gt;Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus&lt;/i&gt;, in Mice and Rats (1987)

Primary immunization of different inbred strains of mice with the house dust mite allergen Der p I (from Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) adsorbed to adjuvant revealed differences in IgE but not IgG responses. Thus, the CBA and C57 Black strains were shown to be high IgE responders in that persistent IgE was induced which lasted for several months. In contrast, the C3H, AKR and Balb/c strains were judged to be poor responders. Subsequent experiments showed that such responses were adjuvant-independent, refractory to irradiation (850 rad) and that they could be adoptively transferred using immune spleen cells in a dose-dependent manner. At sub-optimal doses, adoptively transferred IgE responses were initiated by either intraperitoneal or intranasal challenge of recipients with allergen in the absence of adjuvant. Allergen-specific IgE in rats was also shown to be strain-dependent, with Brown Norway rats, in contrast to Wistar Furth (WF) and Lou/M rats, being the highest responder strain studied. Repeated intranasal administration of soluble allergen induced IgE tolerance in rats but not mice. However, tolerance was restricted to the low IgE responder phenotype strain, WF.