gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation and Formation Mechanism of ZrW <sub>2</sub> O <sub>8</sub> by Sol–Gel Process (2008)

ZrW 2 O 8 is known as a material that shows negative thermal expansion. Amorphous ZrW 2 O 8 with a particle size of 50–300 nm was prepared by a sol–gel process at a lower temperature of 723 K for 12 h. X‐ray diffraction analysis showed that the amorphous ZrW 2 O 8 started to crystallize at 833 K and remained kinetically stable up to 953 K. We investigated the formation mechanism in a sol–gel process of ZrW 2 O 8 by Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry‐differential thermal analysis, and X‐ray diffraction analysis. The precursor solution changed into an amorphous precursor sol at room temperature, and this changed into a crystalline precursor gel between 351 and 358 K. The precursor ZrW 2 O 7 (OH) 2 (H 2 O) 2 was obtained by drying this gel at 343 K. These results indicate that the crystallization of the amorphous precursor depends on the heat‐treatment temperatures under low pH conditions because the residual −OH or −OR groups are removed by polycondensation reactions.
Dilated Causal Convolutional Model For RF Fingerprinting (2020)

We design a network to classify individual wireless devices based on their radio frequency (RF) fingerprints imparted on transmitted signals. The network combines a stack of dilated causal convolution layers with traditional convolutional layers which we call an augmented dilated causal convolution (ADCC) network. It is designed to work on real-world Wi-Fi and ADS-B transmissions, but we expect it to generalize to any classes of signals. We explore various aspects of the ADCC for RF fingerprinting including: classification of up to 10,000 devices, sensitivity to training set size, varying signal-to-noise ratios, and channel propagation effects.
Anterior spinal fixation after lumbar corpectomy. A study in dogs. (1991)

An animal model was developed to simulate an unstable lumbar burst fracture that had been treated with corpectomy. A fifth lumbar laminectomy, partial facetectomy, and corpectomy was performed in twenty-one dogs. In seven dogs (the control group), a biodegradable polymer spacer was used to create a definite failure of fusion (Group I). Seven dogs were treated with a traditional anterior arthrodesis with an autogenous ulnar strut and without instrumentation (Group II). The remaining seven dogs were treated with an ulnar strut and anterior Kaneda instrumentation that was of an appropriate size for the dog (Group III). At twenty-four weeks, the results were analyzed in terms of the rate of fusion, biomechanical rigidity, neuropathological findings, and histomorphometric data on the vertebral response. The rate of fusion was significantly higher in Group III, in which the Kaneda device had been used, than it was in either Group I or Group II, in which instrumentation had not been used. Biomechanically, the spines in Group III were stiffer in torsion than those in Group I or II. There was no difference between groups in terms of the number of neuropathological changes in the spinal cord. Histomorphometric analysis showed that no meaningful device-related osteopenia occurred in the vertebrae that were spanned by the fixation device. Trabecular density was increased in the vertebrae in which the instrumentation was anchored.
In vivo regulation of monomer-tetramer conversion of pyruvate kinase subtype M2 by glucose is mediated via fructose 1,6-bisphosphate. (1991)

The activity of pyruvate kinase, subtype M2 (PKM2), is known to be increased by fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (Fru-1,6-P2), one of the metabolites in the glycolytic pathway. Recently, we have shown that in vitro, Fru-1,6-P2 activated the association of monomer to form the tetrameric PKM2. To ascertain whether this mode of regulation also occurs in vivo, we prepared monomer-specific monoclonal antibody and quantified the monomer formation in situ in cultured cells by immunocytochemistry. The intracellular Fru-1,6-P2 was manipulated by the glucose concentration in the media. At the physiological concentration of glucose (4-6 mM), 30-35% of PK existed as a monomer. However, PKM2 was dissociated into monomer within minutes after cells were deprived of glucose. The maximal level of monomer was detected after 1 h at 37 degrees C. Monomer was rapidly (within minutes) converted to tetramer after addition of glucose. Furthermore, when cells cultured in 10 mM of glucose were treated with cytochalasin B, an inhibitor of the glucose transporter, a maximal level of monomer was detected within 20-30 min. Determination of Fru-1,6-P2 indicated that its intracellular concentration decreased concomitantly with the reduction in glucose concentration in the medium. These results indicate that monomer-tetramer inter-conversion is a major in vivo cellular regulatory mechanism in response to changes in the extracellular glucose concentration via Fru-1,6-P2.
Scattering by a hybrid asymptotic/finite element method (1998)

We describe a hybrid asymptotic/finite element method with application to the solution of the Helmholtz equation for large wavenumber. Thus, this method is suitable to compute the acoustic field radiated or scattered by acoustically large objects. The method is based on patching a short wavelength asymptotic expansion of the ‘outer’ field to an FEM interpolation of the ‘inner’ field. The patching takes place on an artificial boundary. Continuity of the field and its normal derivative across the artificial boundary is enforced weakly in a variational setting. The variational principle is described, as is an element-like implementation strategy. Two example applications are included: diffraction by a truncated wedge and radiation by a source on a wave bearing surface.
Angiogenesis Inhibitors: Implications for Combination with Conventional Therapies (2010)

Angiogenesis is associated with tumor development and malignancy and is a validated target for cancer treatment. Preclinical and clinical evidence substantiates the feasibility of combining angiogenesis inhibitors with conventional anticancer therapy. This review discusses recent progress in combining antiangiogenic drugs, mainly acting on the VEGF/VEGFR pathway, with chemotherapy and other conventional therapies. Strategies for the optimization of combination therapy and the selection of appropriate treatment regimens are examined. As new drugs are entering clinical trials, reliable biomarkers are needed to stratify patients for antiangiogenic therapy, to identify resistant patients and to monitor response to treatment.
IL-8 Directly Enhanced Endothelial Cell Survival, Proliferation, and Matrix Metalloproteinases Production and Regulated Angiogenesis (2003)

IL-8, a member of the chemokine family, has been shown to play an important role in tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis. The objective of this study was to determine the mechanism of IL-8-mediated angiogenesis. We examined the direct role of IL-8 in angiogenesis by examining IL-8 receptor expression on endothelial cells and their proliferation, survival, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) production. We demonstrate that HUVEC and human dermal microvascular endothelial cells constitutively express CXCR1 and CXCR2 mRNA and protein. Recombinant human IL-8 induced endothelial cell proliferation and capillary tube organization while neutralization of IL-8 by anti-IL-8 Ab blocks IL-8-mediated capillary tube organization. Incubation of endothelial cells with IL-8 inhibited endothelial cell apoptosis and enhanced antiapoptotic gene expression. Endothelial cells incubated with IL-8 had higher levels of Bcl-x(L):Bcl-x(S) and Bcl-2:Bax ratios. Furthermore, incubation of endothelial cells with IL-8 up-regulated MMP-2 and MMP-9 production and mRNA expression. Our data suggest that IL-8 directly enhanced endothelial cell proliferation, survival, and MMP expression in CXCR1- and CXCR2-expressing endothelial cells and regulated angiogenesis.
Amplification and Adaptation in Regulatory and Sensory Systems (1982)

Biological systems respond to sensory inputs and changing metabolic conditions both by amplifying signals and by adapting to them. The mechanisms by which these apparently opposing goals are achieved by the chemistry of the cell are described and evaluated.
The Unexpected G0/G1 Cell Cycle Status of Mobilized Hematopoietic Stem Cells From Peripheral Blood (1997)

Treatment with a combination of cytokines and chemotherapy can effectively stimulate the release of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) into the peripheral blood (PB), which can then be harvested for transplantation. The cell cycle status of the harvested HSC from mobilized PB (MPB) is of interest because of the impact that cell cycling may have on optimizing the conditions for ex vivo expansion, retrovirus-mediated gene transfer, and the engraftment of transplanted tissues. Therefore, we characterized the cell cycling status of mobilized HSC from mice and humans. The murine HSC, which express the phenotype c-kit+ Thy-1.1lo Lin-/lo Sca-1+, were purified from PB, bone marrow (BM), and spleen after the mice were treated with the mobilizing regimen of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) or a combination of cyclophosphamide (CTX) and G-CSF. Human HSC (CD34+ Thy-1+ Lin-) and progenitor cells (CD34+ Thy-1-Lin-) were isolated from the BM of untreated healthy volunteers and from MPB of healthy volunteers and patients treated with G-CSF or a combination of CTX and GM-CSF. Cell cycle status was determined by quantitating the amount of DNA in the purified cells after staining with the dye Hoechst 33342. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis of the progenitor cells from the murine and human samples showed an unexpected finding, ie, virtually none of the cells from the MPB was cycling. The G0/G1 status of HSC from MPB was surprising, because a significant proportion of HSC from BM are actively proliferating and, after mobilization, the HSC in the spleen and BM were also actively cycling.
3,3′-Diindolylmethane (DIM) and its derivatives induce apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells through endoplasmic reticulum stress-dependent upregulation of DR5 (2005)

3,3'-Diindolylmethane (DIM), ring-substituted DIMs and 1,1-bis(3'-indolyl)-1-(p-substitutedphenyl)methanes (C-DIMs) inhibit growth of Panc-1 and Panc-28 pancreatic cancer cells. Although DIMs (diarylmethanes) and selected C-DIMs (triarylmethanes), such as the p-t-butyl derivative (DIM-C-pPhtBu), activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, respectively, this study shows that both DIM and DIM-C-pPhtBu induce common receptor-independent pathways. Both DIM and DIM-C-pPhtBu increased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) staining and ER calcium release in Panc-1 cells, and this was accompanied by increased expression of glucose related protein 78 and C/EBP homologous transcription factor (CHOP/GADD153) proteins. Similar results were observed after treatment with thapsigargin (Tg), a prototypical inducer of ER stress. The subsequent downstream effects of DIM/DIM-C-pPhtBu- and Tg-induced ER stress included CHOP-dependent induction of death receptor DR5 and subsequent cleavage of caspase 8, caspase 3, Bid and PARP. Activation of both receptor-dependent and receptor-independent (ER stress) pathways by DIM and DIM-C-pPhtBu in pancreatic cancer cells enhances the efficacy and potential clinical importance of these compounds for cancer chemotherapeutic applications.
Crowdsourcing of Pollution Data using Smartphones (2010)

In this paper we present our research into participatory sensing based solutions for the collection of data on urban pollution and nuisance. In the past 2 years we have been involved in the NoiseTube project which explores a crowdsourcing approach to measuring and mapping urban noise pollution using smartphones. By involving the general public and using off-the-shelf smartphones as noise sensors, we seek to provide a low cost solution for citizens to measure their personal exposure to noise in their everyday environment and participate in the creation of collective noise maps by sharing their geo-localized and annotated measurements with the community. We believe our work represents an interesting example of the novel mobile crowdsourcing applications which are enabled by ubiquitous computing systems. Furthermore we believe the NoiseTube system, and the currently ongoing validation experiments, provide an illustrative context for some of the open challenges faced by creators of ubiquitous crowdsourcing applications and services in general. We will also take the opportunity to present the insights we gained into some of the challenges. Author Keywords Ubiquitous computing, crowdsourcing, environmental sustainability, pollution measurement, participatory sensing, citizen science, mobile phones.
Clinical Analysis of Bevacizumab Plus FOLFIRI Regimen as Front-Line Therapy for Chinese Patients with Advanced Colorectal Cancer (2011)

The study was designed to evaluate the therapeutic and side effects of Bevacizumab plus FOLFIRI regimen as front-line therapy for Chinese patients with advanced colorectal cancer. A total of 15 previously untreated patients with advanced colorectal cancer received Bevacizumab plus FOLFIRI regimen as font-line therapy, in detail, irinotecan 180 mg/m2 was given intravenously on day1, then calcium folinate (CF) 200 mg/m2, F-fluorouracil (5-Fu) 400 mg/m2 given in bolus immediately after CF, day 1 - 2; 5-Fu 600 mg/2 given continuously after bolus for 22 hours on day1, day2; Bevacizumab was given intravenously at dosage of 5 mg/kg, on day-1. Therapeutic and side effects were evaluated at least after four cycles of treatment. The results showed that all the cases among the group were valid for response evaluation, with CR 0, PR 10, SD 3, and PD 2. The response rate is 66.7% and median time to progression (mTTP) was 10.6 months. The main toxicities were bone marrow suppression, nausea and vomiting, stomach pain and diarrhea; there was no chemotherapy-related death. The data suggested that the combination regimen with Bevacizumab plus FOLFIRI regimen was effective as front-line therapy for Chinese patients with advanced colorectal cancer, and the side effects were tolerable and manageable.
Near-Unity Photoluminescence Quantum Yield in CsPbBr<sub>3</sub> Nanocrystal Solid-State Films via Postsynthesis Treatment with Lead Bromide (2017)

Metal halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs)\n\t\t\t\t possess high photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield (PL)\n\t\t\t\t and color tunability. Yet, until now, it has been difficult to\n\t\t\t\t maintain the high PL observed in solution in spin-coated\n\t\t\t\t films. Here, we report a novel CsPbBr3 NCs room-temperature\n\t\t\t\t synthesis based on Cs acetate, which displays near-unity PL\n\t\t\t\t in solid-state films upon post-synthetic treatment with lead\n\t\t\t\t bromide. The as-synthesized NCs show a PL of 80% in spincoated\n\t\t\t\t films but the post-synthesis treatment further\n\t\t\t\t enhances the efficiency &gt;95%. The high PL is further\n\t\t\t\t confirmed by the monomolecular decay of the PL (5.8 ns)\n\t\t\t\t indicating a nearly complete suppression of non-radiative\n\t\t\t\t channels. The obtained films demonstrate high stability in air\n\t\t\t\t and require around 3 weeks to decrease to half the initial PL value.
Grafts and Growth Factors in CNS (1990)

In 1979, we presented the first evidence that grafts of fetal brain tissue to the adult central nervous system could counteract an experimentally induced neurological deficit. Using the unilaterally dopamine-denervated rat model of Parkinson's disease, it was first shown that fetal substantia nigra grafts were effective and, later, that adult adrenal medullary chromaffin tissue might be used as a possible substitute for fetal brain tissue. These observations led to the first clinical trials with chromaffin autografting in severe cases of Parkinson's disease, which were initiated at the Karolinska Hospital in 1982, and several years later to clinical trials with grafts of fetal dopamine neuroblasts obtained after early elective abortions. In parallel with the ongoing intense basic research aimed at optimizing grafting procedures and finding new possible clinical applications, there are now worldwide clinical trials of grafting procedures involving a large number of neurosurgical centers and a large number of patients. Here, I shall review our recent studies of grafts and growth factors as they relate to possible new therapeutic principles applicable not only to Parkinson's disease, but also to Alzheimer's senile dementia and possibly to spinal cord injury and other afflictions. Recent evidence suggests that cholinergic neurons in the brain, known to degenerate in Alzheimer's disease, depend on nerve growth factor. In one approach we have grafted genetically modified cell lines, designed to secrete large amounts of nerve growth factor, and demonstrated that they can rescue lesioned cholinergic neurons that would otherwise die. Nerve growth factor can also serve to enhance survival of, and promote fiber formation by, chromaffin grafts in experimental parkinsonism. Interestingly, a series of other growth factors, such as IGF-1, bFGF, aFGF, BDNF, TGF's, as well as their receptors, are now being cloned and in several cases shown to have interesting temporal and regional distributions as well as effects in the central nervous system. Our own studies using intraocular grafts suggest potent effects on fetal brain tissue growth of truncated IGF-1, bFGF, and aFGF. It thus appears as if neurosurgery is on the verge of entering a new era in which repair in the adult brain and spinal cord, once thought impossible in mammals, will become possible using growth factors and grafts.
Relative Fitness and Replication Capacity of a Multinucleoside Analogue-Resistant Clinical Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Isolate with a Deletion of Codon 69 in the Reverse Transcriptase Coding Region (2007)

Deletions, insertions, and amino acid substitutions in the beta3-beta4 hairpin loop-coding region of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase (RT) have been associated with resistance to nucleoside RT inhibitors when appearing in combination with other mutations in the RT-coding region. In this work, we have measured the in vivo fitness of HIV-1 variants containing a deletion of 3 nucleotides affecting codon 69 (Delta69) of the viral RT as well as the replication capacity (RC) ex vivo of a series of recombinant HIV-1 variants carrying an RT bearing the Delta69 deletion or the T69A mutation in a multidrug-resistant (MDR) sequence background, including the Q151M complex and substitutions M184V, K103N, Y181C, and G190A. Patient-derived viral clones having RTs with Delta69 together with S163I showed increased RCs under drug pressure. These data were consistent with the viral population dynamics observed in a long-term-treated HIV-1-infected patient. In the absence of drugs, viral clones containing T69A replicated more efficiently than those having Delta69, but only when patient-derived sequences corresponding to RT residues 248 to 527 were present. These effects could be attributed to a functional interaction between the C-terminal domain of the p66 subunit (RNase H domain) and the DNA polymerase domain of the RT. Finally, recombinant HIV-1 clones bearing RTs with MDR-associated mutations, including deletions at codon 69, showed increased susceptibilities to protease inhibitors in phenotypic assays. These effects correlated with impaired Gag cleavage and could be attributed to delayed maturation and decreased production of active protease in those variants.
Identification and treatment of benzodiazepine abuse. (1989)

Although often used in the medical management of anxiety, insomnia, seizures and muscle spasm, benzodiazepines lead to significant complications after continuous use. These complications include tolerance, addiction, dependence and abuse. Knowledge of the diagnostic criteria and treatment of side effects improves the physician's use of these commonly prescribed drugs.
Vertical cavity surface emitting laser based optoelectronic asynchronous transfer mode switch (1999)

Large broadband asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) switch- ing nodes require novel hardware solutions that could benefit from the inclusion of optical interconnect technology, since electronic solutions are limited by pin out and by the capacitance/inductance of the intercon- nections. We propose, analyze and demonstrate a new three stage free space optical switch that utilizes vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) for the optical interconnections, a liquid crystal spatial light modulator (SLM) as a reconfigurable shutter and relatively simple optics for fan out and fan in. A custom complementary metal oxide semicon- ductor (CMOS) chip is required to introduce a time delay in the optical bit stream and to drive the VCSELs. Analysis shows that the switch should be scalable to 102431024, which would require 2048 ;2 mW VCSELs.
Human Stem Cell Factor Dimer Forms a Complex with Two Molecules of the Extracellular Domain of Its Receptor, Kit (1996)

Stem cell factor (SCF) is a cytokine that is active toward hematopoietic progenitor cells and other cell types, including germ cells, melanocytes, and mast cells, which express its receptor, the tyrosine kinase, Kit. SCF exists as noncovalently associated dimer at concentrations where it has been possible to study its quaternary structure; it stimulates dimerization and autophosphorylation of Kit at the cell surface. We have used recombinant versions of human SCF and human Kit extracellular domain (sKit) to study SCF-Kit interactions. By size exclusion chromatography, plus various physical chemical methods including light scattering, sedimentation equilibrium, and titration calorimetry, we demonstrate the formation of complexes containing a dimer of SCF (unglycosylated SCF1-165) plus two molecules of sKit. The concentrations of SCF and sKit in these studies were in the range of 0.35-16.2 μM. The data are analyzed and discussed in the context of several possible models for complex formation. In particular, the sedimentation data are not consistent with a model involving cooperative binding. The Kd estimate for SCF-sKit interaction, obtained by sedimentation equilibrium, is about 17 nM at 25°C. With glycosylated SCF1-165, the Kd is considerably higher. Stem cell factor (SCF) is a cytokine that is active toward hematopoietic progenitor cells and other cell types, including germ cells, melanocytes, and mast cells, which express its receptor, the tyrosine kinase, Kit. SCF exists as noncovalently associated dimer at concentrations where it has been possible to study its quaternary structure; it stimulates dimerization and autophosphorylation of Kit at the cell surface. We have used recombinant versions of human SCF and human Kit extracellular domain (sKit) to study SCF-Kit interactions. By size exclusion chromatography, plus various physical chemical methods including light scattering, sedimentation equilibrium, and titration calorimetry, we demonstrate the formation of complexes containing a dimer of SCF (unglycosylated SCF1-165) plus two molecules of sKit. The concentrations of SCF and sKit in these studies were in the range of 0.35-16.2 μM. The data are analyzed and discussed in the context of several possible models for complex formation. In particular, the sedimentation data are not consistent with a model involving cooperative binding. The Kd estimate for SCF-sKit interaction, obtained by sedimentation equilibrium, is about 17 nM at 25°C. With glycosylated SCF1-165, the Kd is considerably higher.