gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection of viral DNA by in situ hybridization using bromodeoxyuridine-labeled DNA probes. (1988)

Detection of viral DNA in infected tissues is demonstrated by in situ nucleic acid hybridization employing bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd)-labeled probes. BrdUrd is used alternatively to biotinylated nucleotides in the preparation of DNA probes and, after hybridization, developed with a monoclonal anti-BrdUrd antibody and the alkaline phosphatase-anti-alkaline phosphatase technique. The sensitivity using both BrdUrd- and biotin-labeled probes is similar. Furthermore, the simultaneous detection of viral coinfections will be possible by means of this technique in conjunction with biotin-labeled DNA probes.
Exact Calculation of the Reflection Coefficient for Coated Optical Waveguide Devices (1984)

We derive an exact solution to the problem of the reflection coefficient for a coated slab waveguide. A series of computer calculations apply these results to a λ = 1.3 μm InGaAsP laser with an active area of 0.2 micron, an active area index of refraction of 3.51, and a cladding index of refraction of 3.22. Our results show that the correction due to the index step is a few percent for an uncoated laser. For antireflection coatings (reflectivity less than 1 percent), the correction due to the index step is significant. These results are important in choosing coating indices and thicknesses when minimum reflectivities are desired (e.g., for a superluminescent diode). The results, calculated over a range of indices of refraction of the coating, show that the TE and TM reflectivities are minimized at about the same value of the index, 1.84. However, the coating thicknesses at which the reflectivity is minimized are different for the TE and TM case. For example, when the TE reflectivity is minimized, the TM reflectivity exceeds the TE reflectivity by over two orders of magnitude.
Long-Term Effects of Ramipril on Cardiovascular Events and on Diabetes (2005)

The benefits of ramipril observed during the active period of the HOPE trial were maintained during posttrial follow-up for cardiovascular death, stroke, and hospitalization for heart failure. Additional reductions in myocardial infarction, revascularization, and the development of diabetes were observed during the follow-up phase despite similar rates of ACEI use in the 2 randomized groups. These benefits were consistent regardless of patient risk or ancillary treatments.
Effects of network characteristics on human performance in a collaborative virtual environment (2003)

We assessed the effects of network latency and jitter on a cooperative teleoperation task in a collaborative virtual environment. Two remote partners worked together to manipulate shared virtual objects over a network. The task was to minimize the time to transfer a ring through one of four paths with the least number of collisions. The performance of human subjects was measured and analyzed quantitatively as a function of network latency: 10 and 200 msec delays with and without jitter. Jitter had the greatest impact on coordination performance when the latency was high and the task was difficult. These results are discussed in light of current and future CVE tasks.
Diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: 2005 revisions to the “McDonald Criteria” (2005)

New diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis integrating magnetic resonance image assessment with clinical and other paraclinical methods were introduced in 2001. The "McDonald Criteria" have been extensively assessed and used since 2001. New evidence and consensus now strengthen the role of these criteria in the multiple sclerosis diagnostic workup to demonstrate dissemination of lesions in time, to clarify the use of spinal cord lesions, and to simplify diagnosis of primary progressive disease. The 2005 Revisions to the McDonald Diagnostic Criteria for MS should simplify and speed diagnosis, whereas maintaining adequate sensitivity and specificity.
Imaging properties of a metamaterial superlens (2003)

The subwavelength imaging quality of a metamaterial superlens is studied numerically in the wavevector domain. Examples of image compression and magnification are given and resolution limits are discussed. A minimal resolution of /spl lambda//6 is obtained using a 36 nm silver film at 364 nm wavelength. The simulation also demonstrates the power flux is no longer a good measure to determine the focal plane of a superlens due the elevated field strength at the exit side of the metamaterial slab.
Design consideration of router-to-radio interface in mobile networks (2011)

In order to provide versatile and reliable transport of data, voice and video traffic, military organizations deploy complex communications systems that integrate terrestrial, airborne, and space-based platforms. In these tactical communication systems, typically wireless networks, interface with COTS routers at the sub-network boundaries to form a contiguous network infrastructure. The wireless sub-systems employed in such tactical communications networks are susceptible to time-varying link quality due to dynamic network conditions. In such situations, ordinary routers are unaware of the quality of the wireless links, resulting in problems with network flow- control and link-state detections. In the end, this problem leads to suboptimal operations of the network as a whole. The IETF RFC 5578 has addressed this issue with a router- to-radio interface protocol standard. This protocol, based on a supplier-consumer model, provides a method to arbitrate bandwidth between the time-invariant throughput found in the Ethernet interface and the time-varying link capacity of the RF link. Specifically, this protocol improves RF link utilization by employing a flow-control mechanism resulting in rapid link state detection on the RF links that allows the router to make a more informed decision based on known link cost. While IETF RFC 5578 provides much improved RF link utilization in the network, this protocol is known to cause packet loss and/or degraded router performance under high data rate conditions. This is due to the protocol's need for frequent credit updates between router and the radio, as well as finite buffer space at the radio. In this paper, we propose a solution to this problem that features a new flow-control protocol for regulating bandwidth usage between the COTS routers and the radios, in place of the currently used RFC 5578's protocol. The proposed mechanism not only eliminates the aforementioned packet loss and/or performance problem encountered with RFC 5578, it also removes the requirement for resource- tracking by the routers and radios, thus making it simpler and more efficient to employ.
Multiple<i>cis</i>Regulatory Elements Control RANTES Promoter Activity in Alveolar Epithelial Cells Infected with Respiratory Syncytial Virus (2001)

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) produces intense pulmonary inflammation, in part through its ability to induce chemokine synthesis in infected airway epithelial cells. RANTES (regulated upon activation, normally T-cell expressed and presumably secreted) is a CC chemokine which recruits and activates monocytes, lymphocytes, and eosinophils, all cell types present in the lung inflammatory infiltrate induced by RSV infection. In this study, we analyzed the mechanism of RSV-induced RANTES promoter activation in human type II alveolar epithelial cells (A549 cells). Promoter deletion and mutagenesis experiments indicate that RSV requires the presence of five different cis regulatory elements, located in the promoter fragment spanning from -220 to +55 nucleotides, corresponding to NF-kappaB, C/EBP, Jun/CREB/ATF, and interferon regulatory factor (IRF) binding sites. Although site mutations of the NF-kappaB, C/EBP, and CREB/AP-1 like sites reduce RSV-induced RANTES gene transcription to 50% or less, only mutations affecting IRF binding completely abolish RANTES inducibility. Supershift and microaffinity isolation assays were used to identify the different transcription factor family members whose DNA binding activity was RSV inducible. Expression of dominant negative mutants of these transcription factors further established their central role in virus-induced RANTES promoter activation. Our finding that the presence of multiple cis regulatory elements is required for full activation of the RANTES promoter in RSV-infected alveolar epithelial cells supports the enhanceosome model for RANTES gene transcription, which is absolutely dependent on binding of IRF transcription factors. The identification of regulatory mechanisms of RANTES gene expression is fundamental for rational design of inhibitors of RSV-induced lung inflammation.
Chains of Reasoning over Entities, Relations, and Text using Recurrent Neural Networks (2017)

Rajarshi Das, Arvind Neelakantan, David Belanger, Andrew McCallum. Proceedings of the 15th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Volume 1, Long Papers. 2017.
Acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) polymerization using a well‐defined ruthenium based metathesis catalyst (1996)

Abstract A series of α,ω‐dienes have been exposed to Ru(Cl 2 )(CHPh)(PCy 3 ) 2 , [Ru] 3 , metathesis catalyst under acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) conditions, and the products were compared with those obtained previously using Schrock's well defined Mo and W alkylidenes. High molecular weight polymers can be synthesized using [Ru] 3 if lower monomer to catalyst ratios with respect to [Mo] 1 and [W] 2 are used. Monomer structure plays a role since 1,9‐decadiene produces molecular weights typical of ADMET chemistry, whereas 1,5‐hexadiene produces only oligomers. This decrease in reactivity is attributed to a manifestation of intramolecular π‐complexation of the tethered olefin in 1,5‐hexadiene polymerizations. Substituents at the 2‐position of α,ω‐dienes also affects polymerization in that only dimers can be produced from 2‐methyl‐1,5‐hexadiene, a result similar to the same reaction performed with [W] 2 . Diallyl ether oligomerizes effectively in the presence of [Ru] 3 with a ratio of cyclics to oligomers comparable to results obtained with [Mo] 1 and [W] 2 .
Reversible Electrochemical Actuation of Metallic Nanohoneycombs Induced by Pseudocapacitive Redox Processes (2015)

Current metallic-based electrochemical actuators are limited to nanoporous gold/platinum with randomly distributed pores, where the charge-induced reversible strain is mainly due to the nonfaradic charging/discharging processes along the capacitive electrochemical double layer. Here, we report an electrochemical actuating property of nanohoneycomb-structured nickel, with the actuation mechanism mainly due to a pseudocapacitive behavior by means of reversible faradic redox reactions. By using a dual-template synthesis method, a bilayered cantilever, comprising a nanohoneycomb layer backed by a solid layer of the same metal, was fabricated. Reversible bending of the cantilever upon cyclic potential triggering was observed. The strain of the cantilever increases nonlinearly with both potential and charge due to redox reactions. The maximum strain that can be achieved under a certain scan rate complies with a linear relationship with the capacity. Benefiting from the stable Ni(II)/Ni(III) redox couples at the electrode surface, the reversible actuation is very stable in hydroxide solutions.
Synthesis Of New Pyrazolidine 3, 5 Dione Derivatives Of Potential Analgesic, Antipyretic And Anti-Inflammatory Activities (2013)

Aim: A novel series of mannich bases 1-(1-((dimethylamino) methyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinolin-4-yl)- 2-phenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione QAA-04(K-L) have been synthesized and were evaluated for their analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory potential. Method: Compounds were synthesized by reacting series of 1-(2-oxo-1, 2-dihydroquinolin-4-yl)-2-phenylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione QAA-03(K-L) and diethyl malonate. All the compounds were characterized by their IR, 1H NMR and Mass spectral data. Analgesic potential was evaluated by hot plate and acetic acid induced writhing method, antipyretic potential was evaluated by yeast induced pyrexia and anti-inflammatory potential was evaluated by carrageenan induced rat paw edema method. Results: Compounds QAA-04K, QAA-04N, QAA-04O, QAA-04P and QAA-04S were found to possess potent anti-inflammatory activity when compared to the control. Compound QAA-04K was comparable with that of standard drug. Compound QAA-04K, QAA-04N, QAA-04O, QAA-04R and QAA-04S were found to possess a stastically significant analgesic activity and comparable to the standard drug when compared to the control. Whereas QAA-04N, QAA-04O, QAA-04P and QAA-04R, were found to possess a stastically significant analgesic activity and comparable to the standard drug when compared to the control.
A scalable distributed multimedia file system using network attached autonomous disks (2002)

Repositories for multimedia data differ from those for traditional text-based data both in terms of storage space and streaming bandwidth requirements. The file systems used in the multimedia environment need to support large volumes and high bandwidth. In this paper, we propose a novel scalable distributed file system built using autonomous disks. Autonomous disks are attached directly to the network and are able to perform lightweight processing. We discuss different ways to realize an autonomous disk, and describe a prototype implementation on a Linux platform using PC-based hardware. We present the design methodology and a prototype Linux-based implementation of the distributed file system that supports such disks. We detail experimental results on the performance of the proposed file system prototyped using autonomous disks. We show that the performance of the file system scales linearly with the number of disks and the number of clients. The file system's performance is much superior to NFS running on the same hardware platform, and it can deliver higher raw disk bandwidth to the applications. We also show that the file system can provide strict bandwidth guarantees for multimedia streams.
Exploiting local and global knowledge in Alpha Matting (2013)

Projecte realitzat en el marc d’un programa de mobilitat amb la Technische Universitat Darmstadt
Nonpeptide Somatostatin Agonists with sst<sub>4</sub> Selectivity:  Synthesis and Structure−Activity Relationships of Thioureas (1998)

Utilizing NNC 26-9100 (11) as a structural lead, a variety of nonpeptide derivatives of somatostatin were synthesized and evaluated for sst2 and sst4 receptor binding affinity. A novel thiourea scaffold was utilized to attach (1) a heteroaromatic nucleus to mimic the Trp8 residue, (2) a nonheteroaromatic nucleus to mimic Phe7, and (3) a primary amine or other basic group to mimic the Lys9 residue of somatostatin. Displacement studies were carried out using membranes from cell lines expressing ssts [BHK cells (sst4) and HEK 293 cells (sst2)] utilizing [125I]Tyr11-SRIF as the radioligand. Several thioureas (11, 38, 39, 41, and 42) and the urea 66 exhibited Ki values of less than 100 nM. The thioureas 11 (Ki = 6 nM) and 41 (Ki = 16 nM) and the urea 66 (Ki = 14 nM) are believed to be the most potent nonpeptide sst4 agonists known. Since the thiourea 11 and the urea 66 exhibit high sst4 selectivity, these novel nonpeptide derivatives may be useful tools for studying the sst4 receptor. Studies are currently in progress to evaluate the therapeutic potential of NNC 26-9100 (11) in the treatment of glaucoma.
A multiplasmid approach to preparing large libraries of polyketides (1999)

A three-plasmid system for heterologous expression of 6-deoxyerythronolide B synthase (DEBS) has been developed to facilitate combinatorial biosynthesis of polyketides made by type I modular polyketide synthases (PKSs). The eryA PKS genes encoding the three DEBS subunits were individually cloned into three compatible Streptomyces vectors carrying mutually selectable antibiotic resistance markers. A strain of Streptomyces lividans transformed with all three plasmids produced 6-deoxyerythronolide B at a level similar to that of a strain transformed with a single plasmid containing all three genes. The utility of this system in combinatorial biosynthesis was demonstrated through production of a library of modified polyketide macrolactones by using versions of each plasmid constructed to contain defined mutations. Combinations of these vector sets were introduced into S. lividans, resulting in strains producing a wide range of 6-deoxyerythronolide B analogs. This method can be extended to any modular PKS and has the potential to produce thousands of novel natural products, including ones derived from further modification of the PKS products by tailoring enzymes.
Protection of mice against Japanese encephalitis virus by passive administration with monoclonal antibodies. (1988)

We have identified and characterized nine antigenic epitopes on the E envelope of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) by using mAb. Passive administration of most of the anti-JEV mAb protected mice from i.v. challenge with 1.5 x 10(3) plaque-forming units of JEV, JaGAr-01 strain. Some mAb, which possess high neutralization activity in vitro, showed high protection, and JEV-specific N mAb 503 was found the most protective. Even an injection of 2.5 micrograms/mouse of mAb 503 protected all mice from JEV infection. Furthermore, an injection of about 200 micrograms of mAb 503 on day 5 postinfection protected 82% of the mice, even when JEV was detected in more than 85% of the infected mouse brains. Synergism of protection was observed with mixtures of several mAb directed against different epitopes. Although in a murine macrophage cell line, all of the mAb groups showed antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of JEV infectivity in vitro, and only two flavivirus cross-reactive mAb groups showed ADE of dengue virus type 2. The ADE of JEV by mAb seems not to be harmful for in vivo protection experiments, except for two mAb groups: mAb 302 and 201 showed little or no protective activity against JEV infection and, rather, caused early death in infected mice.
Ultra-Small Intravenous Bolus of 7.5% NaCl/Mg2+ With Adenosine and Lidocaine Improves Early Resuscitation Outcome in the Rat After Severe Hemorrhagic Shock In Vivo (2011)

Ultra-small intravenous bolus of 7.5% NaCl with ALM led to a significantly higher MAP, higher diastolic rescue, and higher rate-pressure product compared with other treatment groups. The possible clinical and military applications for permissive hypotensive resuscitation are discussed.
Cascaded two-modulus algorithm for blind polarization de-multiplexing of 114-Gb/s PDM-8-QAM optical signals (2009)

An 8-QAM optical signal is generated for the first time using a parallel I/Q modulator followed by a phase modulator with binary drive signals. Blind polarization de-multiplexing of 60 and 114-Gb/s PDM-8-QAM signals is demonstrated using a new cascaded two-modulus algorithm.
Pharmacology of Nicotine: Addiction and Therapeutics (1996)

Nicotine maintains tobacco addiction and has therapeutic utility to aid smoking cessation and possibly to treat other medical diseases. Nicotine acts on nicotinic cholinergic receptors, which demonstrate diversity in subunit structure, function, and distribution within the nervous system, presumably mediating the complex actions of nicotine described in tobacco users. The effects of nicotine in people are influenced by the rate and route of dosing and by the development of tolerance. The metabolism of nicotine is now well characterized in humans. A few individuals with deficient C-oxidation of nicotine, unusually slow metabolism of nicotine, and little generation of cotinine have been described. Nicotine affects most organ systems in the body, although its contribution to smoking-related disease is still unclear. Nicotine as a medication is currently available as a gum, a transdermal delivery device, and a nasal spray, all of which are used for smoking cessation. Nicotine is also being investigated for therapy of ulcerative colitis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Tourette's syndrome, sleep apnea, and attention deficit disorder.
Two prostate-specific antigens, gamma-seminoprotein and beta-microseminoprotein. (1989)

The determination of gamma-seminoprotein (gamma-Sm) (also called prostate-specific antigen [PSA], prostate antigen [PA], or p30) in human serum has been recently demonstrated to be more sensitive and specific for diagnosing prostate cancer and monitoring the condition of patients with prostate cancer than the prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) test. Because the gamma-Sm (PSA) test seems likely to replace the PAP test in the area of urology and study of prostate-specific antigens is expanding, we have reviewed physicochemical properties and clinical significance of two prostate-specific antigens, gamma-Sm (PSA) and beta-microseminoprotein (beta-MSP). Both proteins have been proved to originate in the prostate gland and have not been detected in any other human tissues by an immunohistologic study. The usefulness of gamma-Sm and beta-MSP in determining the origin of metastatic tumors has also been shown. gamma-Sm is a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 26,079 for the peptide portion, of which the amino acid sequence is identical to so-called PSA and homologous with serine proteases (the kallikrein family). Its chymotrypsin-like activity with a unique substrate specificity has also been demonstrated. The molecular weight of beta-MSP is 10,652 from the amino acid sequence, in which the protein has been shown to contain no alanine residue.
Hydron Gel Implants in Vocal Cords (1988)

A new operation for the correction of insufficient closure of the glottis is described. A Hydron rod is implanted while the patient is under general anesthesia at direct laryngoscopy; the operative microscope is used for visualization and illumination. The implant was introduced into a submucosal tunnel made by special instruments after a transverse incision was made of the vocal mucosa, 1 or 2 mm in front of the insertion of the processus vocalis. A spindle-form implant made from dry Hydron gel was used. This swells in the tissue within a short time. The results of the operation, which was performed successfully on 40 patients, reflects an improvement in the quality of the voice, as demonstrated by sound analysis and a considerable subjective decrease in symptoms--especially voice fatiguability.
Structural studies on ebelactone A and B esterase inhibitors produced by Actinomycetes. (1982)

The structures of ebelactone A and B, esterase inhibitors produced by Streptomyces sp. MG7-G1 strain, have been determined to be 3, 11-dihydroxy-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12-hexamethyl-9-oxo-6-tetradecenoic 1, 3-lactone and 2-ethyl-3, 11-dihydroxy-4, 6, 8, 10, 12-pentamethyl-9-oxo-6-tetradecenoic 1, 3-lactone, respectively, by their spectral analyses.