gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of 17.ALPHA.-hydroxyprogesterone on luteinizing hormone release in the rat. (1979)

Our previous study, in which we measured serum17α-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) every 8hr during the periovulatory phase in women, suggested that17-OHP may have a physiological role in inducing and/or facilitating LH release. Therefore, this study was designed to elucidate the possible role of 17-0HP in LH release.Experiment 1: Three weeks after ovariectomy, rats were injected subcutaneously with 20 fig of estradiol benzoate (EB) at 1200hr (day0). The administration of 2mg of progesterone (P) or 17-OHP was performed systemically at 1200hr on day3. The injection of P elicited a significant increase of serum LH 6hr later as compared to the serum levels in the control group (p<0.05), but the injection of 17-OHP failed to alter serum LH significantly.Experiment 2: Three weeks after ovariectomy, rats were injected with EB at 1200 hr. Crystalline P or17-OHP was inserted through the outer cannula into the brain at1200hr on day3. All animals bearing17-0HP implants or P implants in the diagonal band of Broca (DBB) exhibited an increase in serum LH6hr after implantation. In regard to implants in the medial preoptic area (MPO), all rats with implants of 17-OHP and 4 of 7 with implants of P exhibited an increase in serum LH, whereas both17-0HP and P implantations in the septum failed to induce an increase in serum LH.Experiment3: All rats were injected subcutaneously with 20 fig of estradiol (E2) rather than with EB. Vaginal cornification was observed in 100% at 1200hr on day 3 after the injection of EB, but in only5.5% at 1200hr on day 3 after the injections of E2. In rats with implants in the DBB or the MPO, no significant increase of serum LH was observed after implantation of 17-OHP or P.These results suggest that the sites of stimulatory feedback action of 17-OHP on LH release are similar to those of P and that the stimulatory effects of 17-OHP are synergistic with estrogen in the induction of the LH surge.Results from the present study, in conjunction with our previous observation, strongly suggest a physiological role for 17-OHP in inducing the midcycle LH surge in women.
Androgen Receptor Antagonists (Antiandrogens) Structure-Activity Relationships (2000)

Prostate cancer, acne, seborrhea, hirsutism, and androgenic alopecia are well recognized to depend upon an excess or increased sensitivity to androgens or to be at least sensitive to androgens. It thus seems logical to use antiandrogens as therapeutic agents to prevent androgens from binding to the androgen receptor. The two predominant naturally occurring androgens are testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT). DHT is the more potent androgen in vivo and in vitro. All androgen-responsive genes are activated by androgen receptor (AR) bound to either T or DHT and it is believed that AR is more transcriptionally active when bound to DHT than T. The two classes of antiandrogens, presently available, are the steroidal derivatives, all of which possess mixed agonistic and antagonistic activities, and the pure non-steroidal antiandrogens of the class of flutamide and its derivatives. The intrinsic androgenic, estrogenic and glucocorticoid activities of steroidal derivatives have limited their use in the treatment of prostate cancer. The non-steroidal flutamide and its derivatives display pure antiandrogenic activity, without exerting agonistic or any other hormonal activity. Flutamide (89) and its derivatives, Casodex (108) and Anandron (114), are highly effective in the treatment of prostate cancer. The combination of flutamide and Anandron with castration has shown prolongation of life in prostate cancer. Furthermore, combined androgen blockade in association with radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy are very effective in the treatment of localized prostate cancer. Such an approach certainly raises the hope of a further improvement in prostate cancer therapy. However, all antiandrogens, developed so-far display moderate affinity for the androgen receptor, and thus moderate efficacy in vitro and in vivo. There is thus a need for next-generation antiandrogens, which could display an equal or even higher affinity for AR compared to the natural androgens, and at the same time maintain its pure antiandrogenic activity, and thus providing improved androgen blockade using possibly antiandrogens alone.
On synchronization in hard-real-time systems (1988)

The design of software for hard-real-time systems is usually difficult to change because of the constraints imposed by the need to meet absolute real-time deadlines on processors with limited capacity. Nevertheless, a new approach involving a trio of ideas appears to be helpful for those who build software for such complex applications.
Targeting growth factors to the kidney: myth or reality? (2002)

Growth factors and cytokines play a crucial role in the progression of renal diseases. A growing body of evidence has been obtained from experimental studies, suggesting that manipulation of the activity of growth factors and cytokines is a potential form of therapy for renal diseases. To preserve the renal function structure in progressive renal diseases, this approach is achieved by inhibition of apoptosis of renal intrinsic cells and by decrease in the fibrotic signal. Inhibition of transforming growth factor beta, platelet-derived growth factor, interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor alpha, and supplementation of hepatocyte growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor and bone morphogenic protein-7 may be beneficial. Recent progress in therapeutic implements including humanized antibodies, chimeric soluble receptors, aptamers, antisense oligonucleotides, and gene therapy allow us to target the causal molecules. Administration of a combination of growth factors and cytokines is a potential therapeutic approach. Targeting signal transduction molecules and their co-factors and regulators is another possibility because the signals from various growth factors use a common pathway. Thus, targeting growth factors and cytokines in renal diseases could be a promising therapeutic approach.
P‐132: Long‐Lived Deeply Red Phosphorescent OLEDs Based on Electrochemically Stable Ir Complexes (2005)

Abstract We have developed novel Ir complexes having quinoxaline structure in their ligands. These Ir complexes showed very high electrochemical stability. The OLEDs based on these Ir complexes exhibited deep red emission, and the luminance half‐decay time of the device is estimated to exceed 50,000 hours at an initial luminance of 500 cd/m 2 .
The vaccinia virus A27L protein is needed for the microtubule-dependent transport of intracellular mature virus particles (2000)

The vaccinia virus (VV) A27L gene encodes a 14 kDa protein that is required for the formation of intracellular enveloped virus (IEV) and, consequently, normal sized plaques. Data presented here show that A27L plays an additional role in VV assembly. When cells were infected with the VV WR32-7/Ind 14K, under conditions that repress A27L expression, transport of intracellular mature virus (IMV) from virus factories was inhibited and some IMV was found in aberrant association with virus crescents. In contrast, other VV mutants (vDeltaB5R and vDeltaF13L) that are defective in IEV formation produce IMV particles that are transported out of virus factories. This indicated a specific role for A27L in IMV transport. Induction of A27L expression at 10 h post-infection promoted the dispersal of clustered IMV particles, but only when microtubules were intact. Formation of IEV particles was also impaired when cells were infected with WR32-7/14K, a VV strain expressing a mutated form of the A27L protein; however, this mutation did not inhibit intracellular transport of IMV particles. Collectively, these data define two novel aspects of VV morphogenesis. Firstly, A27L is required for both IMV transport and the process of envelopment that leads to IEV formation. Secondly, movement of IMV particles between the virus factory and the site of IEV formation is microtubule-dependent.
Zinc: health effects and research priorities for the 1990s. (1994)

This review critically summarizes the literature on the spectrum of health effects of zinc status, ranging from symptoms of zinc deficiency to excess exposure. Studies on zinc intake are reviewed in relation to optimum requirements as a function of age and sex. Current knowledge on the biochemical properties of zinc which are critical to the essential role of this metal in biological systems is summarized. Dietary and physiological factors influencing the bioavailability and utilization of zinc are considered with special attention to interactions with iron and copper status. The effects of zinc deficiency and toxicity are reviewed with respect to specific organs, immunological and reproductive function, and genotoxicity and carcinogenicity. Finally, key questions are identified where research is needed, such as the risks to human health of altered environmental distribution of zinc, assessment of zinc status in humans, effects of zinc status in relation to other essential metals on immune function, reproduction, neurological function, and the cardiovascular system, and mechanistic studies to further elucidate the biological effects of zinc at the molecular level.
Detection of <i>Cryptosporidium </i><i>p</i><i>arvum</i> Using Oligonucleotide-Tagged Liposomes in a Competitive Assay Format (2001)

To meet the technical challenge of accurately and rapidly detecting Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in environmental water, the authors developed a single-use visual-strip assay. The first step in the overall assay procedure involves extracting C. parvum's mRNA coding for heat-shock protein hsp70, followed by amplification using nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA) methodology as described previously (Baeumner, A. J.; Humiston, M.; Montagna, R. A.; Durst, R. A. Anal. Chem., in press). Subsequently, generated amplicons are hybridized with dye-entrapping liposomes bearing DNA oligonucleotides (reporter probes) and biotin on their surface. The liposome-amplicon complex is then allowed to migrate upward on a nitrocellulose membrane strip. On the nitrocellulose strip, antisense-reporter probes are immobilized in a capture zone and antibiotin antibodies are immobilized in a second zone above the capture zone. Depending on the presence or absence of amplicon in the sample, the liposomes will bind to the capture zone, or they will be caught via their biotin tag in the second zone. Visual detection or gray-scale densitometry allows the quantification of liposomes that are present in either zone. The detection limit of the assay was determined to be 80 fmol amplicon/test. High accuracy and an internal assay control is established using this competitive format, because the presence or absence of liposomes can be quantified in the two capture zones.
Neuron loss in the 5XFAD mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease correlates with intraneuronal Aβ42 accumulation and Caspase-3 activation (2013)

Together, our results indicate a temporal sequence of intraneuronal Aβ42 accumulation, Caspase-3 activation, and neuron loss that implies a potential apoptotic mechanism of neuron death in the 5XFAD mouse.
An open standard for Web-based condition-based maintenance systems (2002)

An effort is underway to develop an open system architecture for condition-based maintenance (CBM). The architecture development has focused on the definition of a distributed software architecture. The general requirements for a CBM software architecture are defined and an outline of the developing architecture is given. This paper will discuss in detail a web-based architecture which uses Extensible Markup Language (XML) to define the syntax of messages between software components. The core of the architecture is a CBM domain data model which is defined using Unified Modeling Language (UML). A procedure for mapping from the UML data model to a general XML schema, as well as to a schema for system messages, is described.
Rescuing lymphocytes from HLA-G immunosuppressive effects mediated by the tumor microenvironment (2015)

Several studies have demonstrated that the antitumor activities of both T and natural killer (NK) effector populations are limited by the immunosuppressive strategies of tumors. In several malignant transformations, the expression of HLA-G by tumor cells rises dramatically, rendering them strongly immunosuppressive. In this study, we postulated that the absence of HLA-G receptors would prevent the immunosuppressive effects of both soluble and membrane-bound HLA-G. Thus, we investigated the therapeutic potential of effector NK cells genetically modified to downregulate the expression of ILT2 (HLA-G receptor) on their cell surfaces. We have shown that the proliferation of modified NK is still dependent on stimulation signals (no malignant transformation). ILT2- NK cells proliferate, migrate, and eliminate HLA-G negative targets cells to the same extent parental NK cells do. However, in the presence of HLA-G positive tumors, ILT2- NK cells exhibit superior proliferation, conjugate formation, degranulation, and killing activities compared to parent NK cells. We tested the effectiveness of ILT2- NK cells in vivo using a xenograft cancer model and found that silencing ILT2 rescued their anti-tumor activity.We believe that combining ILT2- NK cells with existing therapeutic strategies will strengthen the antitumor response in cancer patients.
Mechanism of unidirectional liquid-crystal alignment on polyimides with linearly polarized ultraviolet light exposure (1998)

Unidirectional liquid-crystal (LC) alignment by a linearly polarized ultraviolet light (UV) exposure was examined using two types of polyimide (PI). PI with a fluorene unit incorporated in a side chain showed LC alignment perpendicular to those of conventional PIs, i.e., perpendicular to the rubbing direction and parallel to the exposure polarization of UV. The results of the dichroic ratio measurement of LC cells, UV absorption spectra, birefringence, infrared absorption spectra, and PI conformation calculations using molecular mechanics suggest that the photodecomposition of PI by UV exposure produces anisotropic van der Waals forces, which align LC along its optical axis.
Semiconductor on glass photocathodes for high throughput maskless electron beam lithography (1997)

Previous results obtained from negative electron affinity (NEA) photocathodes have shown high brightness (1×108 A/cm2sr at 3 kV), energy spreads as low as 50 meV at room temperature, uniform sensitivity to red and infrared light over cm2 areas, picosecond-scale switching, and low emission noise. These properties make possible a number of new electron beam tools, including a high-throughput multibeam maskless wafer exposure tool. Simulations show that up to 10 μA of current at 50 kV can be delivered to the wafer in such a system with a total spot diameter of 70 nm. The main obstacle to the use of NEA photocathodes in lithography instruments is the issue of cathode stability and lifetime. An ultrahigh system vacuum was built to activate and evaluate NEA photocathodes in a demountable system that includes areas with poorer vacuum. In this system a low quantum efficiency photocathode (&amp;lt;0.1%) was maintained at constant emission up to 190 nA with no discernible decay. A higher-efficiency cathode provided a brightness estimated at 2.2×107 A/cm2sr at 5 kV. Lifetime measurements on this cathode showed no measurable effect from resist exposure, and stable emission of 375 nA for 15 h, followed by a steady decay of ∼1.5%/h with no re-cesiation. Higher current results (3.75–1.3 μA) show a decay rate of ∼6%/h without re-cesiation. The use of cesium in a feedback loop was shown as an effective way to stabilize emission. Furthermore, the decay is limited to an area 2.6 mm in diameter, as the rest of the cathode is shielded by nonevaporable getter material. This result indicates that the source lifetime can be extended hundreds of times by simply moving the cathode to expose a fresh area. A moveable NEA photocathode in combination with a cesium source in a feedback loop promises to be a highly reliable, long-lifetime electron source.
Nitric Oxide Induces Early Viral Transcription Coincident with Increased DNA Damage and Mutation Rates in Human Papillomavirus–Infected Cells (2009)

High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are necessary but insufficient causes of cervical cancers. Other risk factors for cervical cancer (e.g., pregnancy, smoking, infections causing inflammation) can lead to high and sustained nitric oxide (NO) concentrations in the cervix, and high NO levels are related to carcinogenesis through DNA damage and mutation. However, the effects of NO exposure in HPV-infected cells have not been investigated. In this study, we used the NO donor DETA-NO to model NO exposure to cervical epithelium. In cell culture media, 24-hour exposure to 0.25 to 0.5 mmol/L DETA-NO yielded a pathologically relevant NO concentration. Exposure of cells maintaining episomal high-risk HPV genomes to NO increased HPV early transcript levels 2- to 4-fold but did not increase viral DNA replication. Accompanying increased E6 and E7 mRNA levels were significant decreases in p53 and pRb protein levels, lower apoptotic indices, increased DNA double-strand breaks, and higher mutation frequencies when compared with HPV-negative cells. We propose that NO is a molecular cofactor with HPV infection in cervical carcinogenesis, and that modifying local NO cervical concentrations may constitute a strategy whereby HPV-related cancer can be reduced.
Modulation of Histone Deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) Nuclear Import and Tubulin Deacetylase Activity through Acetylation (2012)

The reversible acetylation of histones and non-histone proteins by histone acetyltransferases and deacetylases (HDACs) plays a critical role in many cellular processes in eukaryotic cells. HDAC6 is a unique histone deacetylase with two deacetylase domains and a C-terminal zinc finger domain. HDAC6 resides mainly in the cytoplasm and regulates many important biological processes, including cell migration and degradation of misfold proteins. HDAC6 has also been shown to localize in the nucleus to regulate transcription. However, how HDAC6 shuttles between the nucleus and cytoplasm is largely unknown. In addition, it is not clear how HDAC6 enzymatic activity is modulated. Here, we show that HDAC6 can be acetylated by p300 on five clusters of lysine residues. One cluster (site B) of acetylated lysine is in the N-terminal nuclear localization signal region. These lysine residues in site B were converted to glutamine to mimic acetylated lysines. The mutations significantly reduced HDAC6 tubulin deacetylase activity and further impaired cell motility, but had no effect on histone deacetylase activity. More interestingly, these mutations retained HDAC6 in the cytoplasm by blocking the interaction with the nuclear import protein importin-α. The retention of HDAC6 in the cytoplasm by acetylation eventually affects histone deacetylation. Thus, we conclude that acetylation is an important post-translational modification that regulates HDAC6 tubulin deacetylase activity and nuclear import.
Ambient sound-based proximity detection with smartphones (2013)

This paper presents a system design and experimental evaluations for ambient sound-based proximity detection with smartphones. Ambient sound is useful as spatiotemporal identifier. This is because ambient sound contains abundant information which depends on time and space. To detect proximity at high accuracy, we calculate cross correlation in frequency domain for the similarity measure of ambient sound. The results of experiments show that our system discriminates 5 rooms with the accuracy of true positive 94.9% and false positive 0.1%.
Contrasting roles of neural firing rate and local field potentials in human memory (2007)

Recording the activity of neurons is a mainstay of animal memory research, while human recordings are generally limited to the activity of large ensembles of cells. The relationship between ensemble activity and neural firing rate during declarative memory processes, however, remains unclear. We recorded neurons and local field potentials (LFPs) simultaneously from the same sites in the human hippocampus and entorhinal cortex (ERC) in patients with implanted intracranial electrodes during a virtual taxi-driver task that also included a memory retrieval component. Neurons increased their firing rate in response to specific passengers or landmarks both during navigation and retrieval. Although we did not find item specificity in the broadband LFP, both theta- and gamma-band LFPs increased power to specific items on a small but significant percent of channels. These responses, however, did not correlate with item-specific neural responses. To contrast item-specific responses with process-specific responses during memory, we compared neural and LFP responses during encoding (navigation) and retrieval (associative and item-specific recognition). A subset of neurons also altered firing rates nonspecifically while subjects viewed items during encoding. Interestingly, LFPs in the hippocampus and ERC increased in power nonspecifically while subjects viewed items during retrieval, more often during associative than item-recognition. Furthermore, we found no correlation between neural firing rate and broadband, theta-band, and gamma-band LFPs during process-specific responses. Our findings suggest that neuronal firing and ensemble activity can be dissociated during encoding, item-maintenance, and retrieval in the human hippocampal area, likely relating to functional properties unique to this region.
Efecto de la asociación de vitamina C - trimetazidina en lasobrevida de ratas intoxicadas por paraquat (2005)

Resumen es: La vitamina C (VC) y la trimetazidina (TMZ) como antioxidantes y la posible accion intiinflamatoria de esta ultima podrian ser de utilidad en la intoxic...
Revisiting the Master-Slave Architecture in Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning (2017)

Many tasks in artificial intelligence require the collaboration of multiple agents. We exam deep reinforcement learning for multi-agent domains. Recent research efforts often take the form of two seemingly conflicting perspectives, the decentralized perspective, where each agent is supposed to have its own controller; and the centralized perspective, where one assumes there is a larger model controlling all agents. In this regard, we revisit the idea of the master-slave architecture by incorporating both perspectives within one framework. Such a hierarchical structure naturally leverages advantages from one another. The idea of combining both perspectives is intuitive and can be well motivated from many real world systems, however, out of a variety of possible realizations, we highlights three key ingredients, i.e. composed action representation, learnable communication and independent reasoning. With network designs to facilitate these explicitly, our proposal consistently outperforms latest competing methods both in synthetic experiments and when applied to challenging StarCraft micromanagement tasks.
Liquid-chromatographic assay for retinol (vitamin A) and retinol analogs in therapeutic trials. (1982)

A "high-performance" liquid-chromatographic separation of retinoids (retinol, isotretinoin, all-trans retinoic acid, retinal, etretinate, and retinyl acetate) in serum is described. The separation was used in developing a quantitative assay for retinol (vitamin A) and two therapeutic analogs, isotretinoin (13-cis-retinoic acid) and etretinate (Ro 10-9359). The procedure requires 1 mL of serum. Overall analytical recovery for retinol, isotretinoin, and etretinate from serum was 100% (SD 7%). The between-day coefficient of variation for specimens with concentrations ranging from 0.70 to 0.95 mg/L was less than 4%. Normal reference intervals for serum retinol in men and women are 0.61 to 1.33 and 0.44 to 1.19 mg/L, respectively.