gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the AD7C-NTP cDNA expression in Alzheimer's disease and measurement of a 41-kD protein in cerebrospinal fluid. (1997)

We have isolated a novel Alu sequence-containing cDNA, designated AD7c-NTP, that is expressed in neurons, and overexpressed in brains with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The 1,442-nucleotide AD7c-NTP cDNA encodes an approximately 41-kD protein. Expression of AD7c-NTP was confirmed by nucleic acid sequencing of reverse transcriptase PCR products isolated from brain. AD7c-NTP cDNA probes hybridized with 1. 4 kB mRNA transcripts by Northern blot analysis, and monoclonal antibodies generated with the recombinant protein were immunoreactive with approximately 41-45-kD and approximately 18-21-kD molecules by Western blot analysis. In situ hybridization and immunostaining studies localized AD7c-NTP gene expression in neurons. Using a quantitative enzyme-linked sandwich immunoassay (Ghanbari, K., I. Beheshti, and H. Ghanbari, manuscript submitted for publication) constructed with antibodies to the recombinant protein, AD7c-NTP levels were measured under code in 323 clinical and postmortem cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from AD, age-matched control, Parkinson's disease, and neurological disease control patients. The molecular mass of the AD7c-NTP detected in CSF was approximately 41 kD. In postmortem CSF, the mean concentration of AD7c-NTP in cases of definite AD (9.2+/-8.2 ng/ml) was higher than in the aged control group (1.6+/-0.9; P < 0.0001). In CSF samples from individuals with early possible or probable AD, the mean concentration of AD7c-NTP (4.6+/-3.4) was also elevated relative to the levels in CSF from age-matched (1.2+/-0.7) and neurological disease (1.0+/-0.9) controls, and ambulatory patients with Parkinson's disease (1.8+/-1.1) (all P < 0.001). CSF levels of AD7c-NTP were correlated with Blessed dementia scale scores (r = 0. 66; P = 0.0001) rather than age (r = -0.06; P > 0.1). In vitro studies demonstrated that overexpression of AD7c-NTP in transfected neuronal cells promotes neuritic sprouting and cell death, the two principal neuroanatomical lesions correlated with dementia in AD. The results suggest that abnormal AD7c-NTP expression is associated with AD neurodegeneration, and during the early stages of disease, CSF levels correlate with the severity of dementia.
β<sub>2</sub>‐Adrenergic receptor regulates Toll‐like receptor‐4‐induced nuclear factor‐κB activation through β‐arrestin 2 (2008)

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in innate immunity while, beta(2)-adrenergic receptors (beta(2)AR) provide the key linkages for the sympathetic nervous system to regulate the immune system. However, their role in macrophages remains uncertain. Here, we demonstrate the cross-talk between beta(2)AR and TLR signalling pathways. Expression of beta(2)AR was down-regulated by TLR4 ligand lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. To investigate the physiological consequence of this down-regulation RAW264 cells, a macrophage cell line, were transfected with a beta(2)AR expression vector (RAWar). Both LPS-stimulated inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS II) expression and NO production were markedly suppressed in the RAWar cells. The activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and degradation of the inhibitor of NF-kappaB (IkappaBalpha) in response to LPS were markedly decreased in these cells. The level of beta-arrestin 2, which regulates beta(2)AR signalling, was also reduced in RAW264 cells after stimulation with LPS, but not in RAWar cells. Overexpression of beta-arrestin 2 (RAWarr2) also inhibited NO production and NOS II expression. Furthermore, we demonstrated that beta-arrestin 2 interacted with cytosolic IkappaBalpha and that the level of IkappaBalpha coimmunoprecipitated by anti-beta-arrestin 2 antibodies was decreased in the RAW264 cells but not in RAWar or RAWarr2 cells. These findings suggest that LPS-stimulated signals suppress beta(2)AR expression, leading to down-regulation of beta-arrestin 2 expression, which stabilizes cytosolic IkappaBalpha and inhibits the NF-kappaB activation essential for NOS II expression, probably to ensure rapid and sufficient production of NO in response to microbial attack.
Management of implant failure during transcatheter aortic valve implantation (2010)

Early implant failure can complicate the TAVI procedure with the CoreValve system, but it can be managed safely and effectively with bailout transcatheter techniques, avoiding surgery, with good early and mid-term clinical and echocardiographic results.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Transition-State Analogue Inhibitors of Î±-1,3-Fucosyltransferase This work was supported by the NIH and the Skaggs Institute. M.L.M. acknowledges fellowships from UNCFâMerck Science Initiative and Skaggs Predoctoral Fellows Program. (2002)

Mimics of the geometry or charge of the fucose moiety of GDP-fucose in the transition state of fucosyltransferase-catalyzed reactions, compounds 1–3 are good competive inhibitors of α-1,3-fucosyltransferases V and VI with Ki values between 6 and 13 μM. GDP=guanosine diphosphate. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2002/z19273_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
[Effects of head down tilt on intra-ocular pressure, near vision, and visual field and the protection effect of Chinese herbs]. (2002)

Objective. To observe the influences of 21 d head down tilt (HDT) bed rest on the intra-ocular pressure, visual field and near vision in human and to study the countermeasure of Chinese herb against weightlessness. Method. Ten subjects were randomly divided into control group and Chinese herb group. -6 degrees HDT was used to simulate weightlessness. Intra-ocular pressure, near vision and vision field were measured before, during and after bed rest in both groups. Result. Intra-ocular pressure and near vision showed a wave-like decrease change during bed rest, and there exists a certain coherence between them. Visual field showed no obvious changes. Taking Chinese herb was able to antagonize the decreasing of intra-ocular pressure and near vision during various phases of bed rest. Conclusion. 1) Bed rest could lead to the decreasing of intra-ocular pressure and near vision; 2) Taking Chinese herb was able to antagonize the negative influences of bed rest on visual function.
<i>KRAS</i> mutation testing in colorectal cancer: the model for molecular pathology testing in the future (2016)

Somatic mutations in the KRAS gene often occur in colorectal cancer (CRC) and are predictive for poor response to EGFR blockade therapy. Over the past decade, routine detection of KRAS mutations has been employed in many diagnostic centers using a range of methodological approaches including Sanger sequencing, pyrosequencing, high-resolution melt analysis and more recently, next-generation sequencing approaches. This article highlights the clinical relevance of KRAS-mutated CRCs, examines advantages and disadvantages of various detection methods and highlights the considerations that are critical for an accurate, rapid and efficient workflow to detect KRAS and other RAS mutations in CRC presently and in the future.
Clinical aspects of Rh genotyping. (2002)

The Rh antigens are encoded by the RHD and RHCE genes. In RhD negative individuals the RHD gene is absent or grossly deleted. Routinely, Rh typing is performed by haemagglutination. However, there are some clinical situations in which serological techniques are not suitable for determining the red blood cell phenotype accurately. Most anti-D sera may not agglutinate erythrocytes possessing a reduced expression of the D antigen. In these cases, DNA-based analyses may be better than serological typing to infer the appropriate phenotype. Agglutination methods are also of limited use for determining the red blood cell phenotype of a foetus at risk of haemolytic disease of the newborn. Molecular RHD typing using amniocytes or DNA obtained from maternal plasma may obviate the need of amniocenteses during pregnancy when the foetus is RhD negative, thus providing an important tool in managing possible sensitization by foetal erythrocytes. Classical haemagglutination has limitation in patients with autoimmune haemolytic anaemia. Erythrocytes coated with IgG cannot be accurately typed for red blood cell antigens, particularly when directly agglutinating antibodies are not available or IgG removal by chemical treatment is insufficient. Molecular genotyping is very important for determination of the true blood group antigens of these patients. RHD genotyping with a specificity and sensitivity comparable to serologic methods is of practical importance to overcome the limitations of serology and, in addition, to improve the currently possible resolution.
Studies on lactams. Part 65. N-Unsubstituted .beta.-lactams from .beta.-hydroxy-.alpha.-amino acids. Facile preparation of intermediates for isocephalosporins (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies on lactams. Part 65. N-Unsubstituted .beta.-lactams from .beta.-hydroxy-.alpha.-amino acids. Facile preparation of intermediates for isocephalosporinsAjay K. Bose, M. S. Manhas, J. E. Vincent, K. Gala, and I. F. FernandezCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 21, 4075–4081Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00142a015https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00142a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views186Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Disease (2010)

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a constellation of risk factors including insulin resistance, central obesity, dyslipidemia and hypertension that markedly increase the risk of Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor (PPAR) isotypes, PPARα, PPARδ/ß and PPARγ are ligand-activated nuclear transcription factors, which modulate the expression of an array of genes that play a central role in regulating glucose, lipid and cholesterol metabolism, where imbalance can lead to obesity, T2DM and CVD. They are also drug targets, and currently, PPARα (fibrates) and PPARγ (thiazolodinediones) agonists are in clinical use for treating dyslipidemia and T2DM, respectively. These metabolic characteristics of the PPARs, coupled with their involvement in metabolic diseases, mean extensive efforts are underway worldwide to develop new and efficacious PPAR-based therapies for the treatment of additional maladies associated with the MetS. This article presents an overview of the functional characteristics of three PPAR isotypes, discusses recent advances in our understanding of the diverse biological actions of PPARs, particularly in the vascular system, and summarizes the developmental status of new single, dual, pan (multiple) and partial PPAR agonists for the clinical management of key components of MetS, T2DM and CVD. It also summarizes the clinical outcomes from various clinical trials aimed at evaluating the atheroprotective actions of currently used fibrates and thiazolodinediones.
The bacterial flagellin gene as a biomarker for detection, population genetics and epidemiological analysis (1997)

Microbiology Society journals contain high-quality research papers and topical review articles. We are a not-for-profit publisher and we support and invest in the microbiology community, to the benefit of everyone. This supports our principal goal to develop, expand and strengthen the networks available to our members so that they can generate new knowledge about microbes and ensure that it is shared with other communities.
Can homomorphic encryption be practical? (2011)

The prospect of outsourcing an increasing amount of data storage and management to cloud services raises many new privacy concerns for individuals and businesses alike. The privacy concerns can be satisfactorily addressed if users encrypt the data they send to the cloud. If the encryption scheme is homomorphic, the cloud can still perform meaningful computations on the data, even though it is encrypted.
The 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase of Cucurbita. Purification, properties, expression in Escherichia coli, and primary structure determination by DNA sequence analysis (1991)

The key regulatory enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of the plant hormone ethylene is 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase (EC 4.4.1.14). We have partially purified ACC synthase 6,000-fold from Cucurbita fruit tissue treated with indoleacetic acid + benzyladenine + aminooxyacetic acid + LiCl. The enzyme has a specific activity of 35,000 nmol/h/mg protein, a pH optimum of 9.5, an isoelectric point of 5.0, a Km of 17 microM with respect to S-adenosylmethionine, and is a dimer of two identical subunits of approximately 46,000 Da each. The subunit exists in vivo as a 55,000-Da species similar in size to the primary in vitro translation product. DNA sequence analysis of the cDNA clone pACC1 revealed that the coding region of the ACC synthase mRNA spans 493 amino acids corresponding to a 55,779-Da polypeptide; and expression of the coding sequence (pACC1) in Escherichia coli as a COOH terminus hybrid of beta-galactosidase or as a nonhybrid polypeptide catalyzed the conversion of S-adenosylmethionine to ACC (Sato, T., and Theologis, A. (1989) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86, 6621-6625). Immunoblotting experiments herein show that the molecular mass of the beta-galactosidase hybrid polypeptide is 170,000 Da, and the size of the largest nonhybrid polypeptide is 53,000 Da. The data suggest that the enzyme is post-translationally processed during protein purification.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 6‐N‐ARYL AND HETEROARYL BENZTHIAZOLES AS POTENTIAL ANTHELMINTICS (1981)

Abstract Während das Nitrobenzthiazol (Ia) durch SnClz/HCI zu der Aminoverbindung (Ic) reduziert wurde, erfolgt die Reduktion des methylsubstituierten Derivats (Ib) zu (Id) durch Zugabe von Hydrazinhydrat zu einer Mischung aus (Ib) und Raney‐Ni in EtOH unter Rückfluß.
Rate-distortion optimized adaptive transform coding (2009)

We propose a rate-distortion optimized transform coding method that adaptively employs either integer cosine transform that is an integer-approximated version of discrete cosine transform (DCT) or integer sine transform (IST) in a rate-distortion sense. The DCT that has been adopted in most video-coding standards is known as a suboptimal substitute for the Karhunen-Loève transform. However, according to the correlation of a signal, an alternative transform can achieve higher coding efficiency. We introduce a discrete sine transform (DST) that achieves the high-energy compactness in a correlation coefficient range of −0.5 to 0.5 and is applied to the current design of H.264/AVC (advanced video coding). Moreover, to avoid the encoder and decoder mismatch and make the implementation simple, an IST that is an integer-approximated version of the DST is developed. The experimental results show that the proposed method achieves a Bjøntegaard Delta-RATE gain up to 5.49% compared to Joint model 11.0.
Sensitive Detection of Botulinum Neurotoxin Types C and D with an Immunoaffinity Chromatographic Column Test (2005)

A sensitive and specific immunoassay for the simultaneous detection of Clostridium botulinum type C (BoNT/C) and type D neurotoxin was developed. Goat anti-mouse immunoglobulin G was bound to polyethylene disks in a small disposable column used for this assay. The sample was preincubated together with monoclonal antibodies specific for the heavy chain of BoNT/C and D and affinity-purified, biotinylated polyclonal antibodies against these neurotoxins. This complex was captured on the assay disk. Streptavidin-poly-horseradish peroxidase was used as a conjugate, and a precipitating substrate allowed the direct semiquantitative readout of the assay, if necessary. For a more accurate quantitative detection, the substrate can be eluted and measured in a photometer. Depending on the preincubation time, a sensitivity of 1 mouse lethal dose ml(-1) was achieved in culture supernatants.
Mycoplasmas and Ureaplasmas as Neonatal Pathogens (2005)

The genital mycoplasmas represent a complex and unique group of microorganisms that have been associated with a wide array of infectious diseases in adults and infants. The lack of conclusive knowledge regarding the pathogenic potential of Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma spp. in many conditions is due to a general unfamiliarity of physicians and microbiology laboratories with their fastidious growth requirements, leading to difficulty in their detection; their high prevalence in healthy persons; the poor design of research studies attempting to base association with disease on the mere presence of the organisms in the lower urogenital tract; the failure to consider multifactorial aspects of diseases; and considering these genital mycoplasmas only as a last resort. The situation is now changing because of a greater appreciation of the genital mycoplasmas as perinatal pathogens and improvements in laboratory detection, particularly with regard to the development of powerful molecular nucleic acid amplification tests. This review summarizes the epidemiology of genital mycoplasmas as causes of neonatal infections and premature birth; evidence linking ureaplasmas with bronchopulmonary dysplasia; recent changes in the taxonomy of the genus Ureaplasma; the neonatal host response to mycoplasma and ureaplasma infections; advances in laboratory detection, including molecular methods; and therapeutic considerations for treatment of systemic diseases.
Accurate cold-test model of helical TWT slow-wave circuits (1998)

Recently, a method has been established to accurately calculate cold-test data for helical slow-wave structures using the three-dimensional (3-D) electromagnetic computer code, MAFIA. Cold-test parameters have been calculated for several helical traveling-wave tube (TWT) slow-wave circuits possessing various support rod configurations, and results are presented here showing excellent agreement with experiment. The helical models include tape thickness, dielectric support shapes and material properties consistent with the actual circuits. The cold-test data from this helical model can be used as input into large-signal helical TWT interaction codes making it possible, for the first time, to design a complete TWT via computer simulation.
A new keyword spotting algorithm with pre-calculated optimal thresholds (2002)

Keyword spotting is a very forward looking and promising branch of speech recognition. The paper presents a HMM based keyword spotting system, which works with a new algorithm. The first discussion topic is the description of the search algorithm, that needs no representation of the non keyword parts of the speech signal. For this purpose, the computation of the HMM scores and the Viterbi algorithm had to be modified. The keyword HMMs are not concatenated with other HMMs, so that there is no necessity for filler or garbage models. As a further advantage, this algorithm needs only low computational expense and storage requirement. The second discussion topic is the determination of a optimal decision threshold for each keyword. In order to decide between the two possibilities "keyword was spoken" and "keyword was not spoken", the scores of the keywords are compared with keyword specific decision thresholds. The paper introduces a method to fix decision thresholds in advance. Starting with measured phoneme distributions, the score distributions of whole keyword models can be calculated. Furthermore, these keyword distributions form the basis of the computation of decision thresholds. Tests with spontaneous speech databases yielded 73.9% Figure Of Merit when using context dependent HMMs. The detection rate at 10 fa/kw/h comes to 80%.
Preventative Vaccine-Loaded Mannosylated Chitosan Nanoparticles Intended for Nasal Mucosal Delivery Enhance Immune Responses and Potent Tumor Immunity (2013)

Chitosan (CS) has been extensively used as a protein drug and gene delivery carrier, but its delivery efficiency is unsatisfactory. In this study, a mannose ligand was used to modify CS, which could enhance the delivery efficiency of CS via mannose receptor-mediated endocytosis. A preventative anti-GRP DNA vaccine (pCR3.1-VS-HSP65-TP-GRP6-M2, pGRP) was condensed with mannosylated chitosan (MCS) to form MCS/pGRP nanoparticles. Nanoparticles were intranasally administered in a subcutaneous mice prostate carcinoma model to evaluate the efficacy on inhibition of the growth of tumor cells. The titers of anti-GRP IgG that lasted for 11 weeks were significantly higher than that for administration of CS/pGRP nanoparticles (p < 0.01) and intramuscular administration of a pGRP solution (p < 0.05) to mice. In addition, immunization with MCS/pGRP nanoparticles could suppress the growth of tumor cells. The average tumor weight (0.79 ± 0.30 g) was significantly lower than that in the CS/pGRP nanoparticle group (1.69 ± 0.15 g) (p < 0.01) or that in the pGRP group (1.12 ± 0.37 g) (p < 0.05). Cell binding and cellular uptake results indicated that MCS/pGRP nanoparticles bound with C-type lectin receptors on macrophages. MCS was an efficient targeting gene delivery carrier and could be used in antitumor immunotherapy.
Limitations in efficacy of antidepressant monotherapy. (2007)

Treatment for major depressive disorder does not achieve remission in about 50% of patients following 2 treatment trials. Researchers conducted the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D) study to compare various treatments for efficacy and tolerability. This article will focus on the efficacy of antidepressant monotherapy as determined by the STAR*D trial. Patients in the first treatment step of STAR*D received citalopram monotherapy and, depending on their response, moved either to follow-up or through a series of up to 4 additional treatment steps, each comprising different monotherapies, combinations, or augmentation treatment options. Only 1 of 3 patients remitted with the initial monotherapy. Rates of remission for each consecutive monotherapy were increasingly lower, suggesting that a series of monotherapy options may not be the best treatment strategy for patients who are nonresponsive to an initial monotherapy.