gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the Fair Coexistence of Loss- and Delay-Based TCP (2011)

This paper presents and develops a novel delay-based additive increase, multiplicative decrease (AIMD) congestion control algorithm. The main features of the proposed solution include: 1) low standing queues and delay in homogeneous environments (with delay-based flows only); 2) fair coexistence of delay- and loss-based flows in heterogeneous environments; 3) delay-based flows behave as loss-based flows when loss-based flows are present in the network; otherwise they revert to delay-based operation. It is also shown that these properties can be achieved without any appreciable increase in network loss rate over that which would be present in a comparable network of standard TCP flows (loss-based AIMD). To demonstrate the potential of the presented algorithm, both analytical and simulation results are provided in a range of different network scenarios. These include stability and convergence results in general multiple-bottleneck networks and a number of simulation scenarios to demonstrate the utility of the proposed scheme. In particular, we show that networks employing our algorithm have the features of networks in which RED AQM's are deployed. Furthermore, in a wide range of situations (including high-speed scenarios), we show that low delay is achieved irrespective of the queueing algorithm employed in the network, with only sender-side modification to the basic AIMD algorithm.
On the theory of unsteady high Reynolds number flow through a circular aperture (1979)

Abstract This paper examines the theory of the unsteady motion caused by fluctuations in the driving pressure of a high Reynolds number mean flow through a circular aperture in a thin rigid plate. A theoretical model is proposed which is amenable to exact analytical treatment, and involves the shedding of vorticity from the rim of the aperture. The theory determines the dependence of the Rayleigh conductivity of the aperture on the Strouhal number, and provides quantitative estimates for the rate of dissipation of large scale ordered structures as a result of the generation of turbulence at the apertures in a perforated liner. The limit of zero Strouhal number yields a description of steady high Reynolds number flow, the contraction ratio of the emerging jet being predicted to be equal to the minimum theoretical value of ½. Application is made to the problem of sound trans­mission through a uniformly perforated screen in the presence of a low Mach number bias flow.
Antimicrobial Agents and Clostridium difficile in Acute Enteric Disease: Epidemiological Data from Sweden, 1980-1982 (1985)

The carrier rate of Clostridium difficile in an adult Swedish population was found to be 11 (1.9%) of 594. All isolates were toxigenic in vitro, but no healthy individual harbored free cytotoxin in stool. Of 398 patients with acute diarrhea not associated with antibiotic use, cytotoxin was found in stool filtrates of four (1%). In 4,793 patients with antibiotic-associated diarrhea from all parts of Sweden during 1980-1982, C. difficile cytotoxin was demonstrated in 873 (18%). The tissue culture assay was found to be more specific than cultivation for the bacterium. By weighted analysis, in the age group greater than 70 years more women than men were infected. In the age group 21-50 years there was an even greater preponderance of infection in women than in men. Cephalosporins and lincosamides were 10-70 times more often implicated in C. difficile colitis than were narrow-spectrum penicillins.
Acoustic-Prosodic Entrainment and Social Behavior (2012)

In conversation, speakers have been shown to entrain, or become more similar to each other, in various ways. We measure entrainment on eight acoustic features extracted from the speech of subjects playing a cooperative computer game and associate the degree of entrainment with a number of manually-labeled social variables acquired using Amazon Mechanical Turk, as well as objective measures of dialogue success. We find that male-female pairs entrain on all features, while male-male pairs entrain only on particular acoustic features (intensity mean, intensity maximum and syllables per second). We further determine that entrainment is more important to the perception of female-male social behavior than it is for same-gender pairs, and it is more important to the smoothness and flow of male-male dialogue than it is for female-female or mixedgender pairs. Finally, we find that entrainment is more pronounced when intensity or speaking rate is especially high or low. 1
Iterative vs Simultaneous Fuzzy Rule Induction (2005)

Iterative rule learning is a common strategy for fuzzy rule induction using stochastic population-based algorithms (SPBAs) such as ant colony optimisation (ACO) and genetic algorithms. Several SPBAs are run in succession with the result of each being a rule added to an emerging final rule set. Each successive rule is generally produced without taking into account the rules already in the final ruleset, and how well they may interact during fuzzy inference. This popular approach is compared with the simultaneous rule learning strategy introduced here, whereby the fuzzy rules that form the final ruleset are evolved and evaluated together. This latter strategy is found to maintain or improve classification accuracy of the evolved ruleset, and simplify the ACO algorithm used here as the rule discovery mechanism by removing the need for one parameter, and adding robustness to value changes in another. This initial work also suggests that the rule sets may be obtained at less computational expense than when using an iterative rule learning strategy
Non-covalent Conjugates between Cationic Polyamino Acids and GdIII Chelates: A Route for Seeking Accumulation of MRI-Contrast Agents at Tumor Targeting Sites (2000)

Three novel Gd chelates containing on their external surface pendant phosphonate and carboxylate groups, which promote the interaction with the positively charged groups of polyornithine and polyarginine, have been synthesized. Their solution structures have been assessed on the basis of 1H- and 31P-NMR spectra of the Eu and Yb analogues. A thorough investigation of the relaxometric (1H and 17O) properties of the Gd chelates has been carried out and the observed relaxivities have been accounted for the sum of three contributions arising from water molecules in the first, second, and outer coordination layers, respectively. It has been found that the occurrence of a tight second coordination coating renders the dissociation of the water molecule directly coordinated to the Gd ion more difficult. The binding interactions between the negatively charged Gd chelates and the positively charged groups of polyornithine (ca. 140 residues) and polyarginine (ca. 204 residues) have been evaluated by means of the proton relaxation enhancement (PRE) method. Although the binding interaction decreases markedly in the presence of competitive anions in the solution medium, the affinity is strong enough that in blood serum it is possible to meet the conditions where most of the chelate is bound to the polyamino acid substrate. On this basis one may envisage a novel route for a MRI location of tumors as it is known that positively charged polyamino acids selectively bind to tumors having a greater negative charge than non-tumor cells.
Magnetic Dissipation and Fluctuations in Individual Nanomagnets Measured by Ultrasensitive Cantilever Magnetometry (2001)

Cantilever magnetometry with moment resolution better than 10(4)micro(B) was used to study individual nanomagnets. By using the fluctuation-dissipation theorem to interpret measurements of field-induced cantilever damping, the low frequency spectral density of magnetic fluctuations could be determined with resolution better than 1micro(B) Hz-1/2. Cobalt nanowires exhibited significant magnetic dissipation and the associated magnetic fluctuations were found to have 1/f frequency dependence. In individual submicron rare-earth alloy magnets, the dissipation/fluctuation was very small and not distinguishable from that of a bare silicon cantilever.
Analytical Modeling of Silicon Microring and Microdisk Modulators With Electrical and Optical Dynamics (2015)

We propose an analytical time-domain model for microring and microdisk modulators, which considers both their electrical and optical properties. Theory of the dynamics of microring/microdisk is discussed, and general solutions to the transfer matrix representation are presented. Both static and dynamic predictions from the model are compared to measurement results to demonstrate the accuracy of our model. Static predictions and measurements are presented for power and phase responses, whereas dynamic predictions and measurements are presented for small-signal and large-signal operations. The model verifies that the chirping and modulation bandwidth of the modulators depend on the detuning state. Finally, the accuracy and scalability of several techniques employed in the model are discussed.
Evaluation of skin test response using two techniques of measurement. (1982)

This study shows that lodoxamide ethyl has no significant effect on 48/80 or histamine skin tests using a double-blind protocol in 10 normal subjects. Direct measurement of area by planimetry is also demonstrated to be less variable than diameters in quantitating skin test results.
A symbolic representation of time series, with implications for streaming algorithms (2003)

The parallel explosions of interest in streaming data, and data mining of time series have had surprisingly little intersection. This is in spite of the fact that time series data are typically streaming data. The main reason for this apparent paradox is the fact that the vast majority of work on streaming data explicitly assumes that the data is discrete, whereas the vast majority of time series data is real valued.Many researchers have also considered transforming real valued time series into symbolic representations, nothing that such representations would potentially allow researchers to avail of the wealth of data structures and algorithms from the text processing and bioinformatics communities, in addition to allowing formerly "batch-only" problems to be tackled by the streaming community. While many symbolic representations of time series have been introduced over the past decades, they all suffer from three fatal flaws. Firstly, the dimensionality of the symbolic representation is the same as the original data, and virtually all data mining algorithms scale poorly with dimensionality. Secondly, although distance measures can be defined on the symbolic approaches, these distance measures have little correlation with distance measures defined on the original time series. Finally, most of these symbolic approaches require one to have access to all the data, before creating the symbolic representation. This last feature explicitly thwarts efforts to use the representations with streaming algorithms.In this work we introduce a new symbolic representation of time series. Our representation is unique in that it allows dimensionality/numerosity reduction, and it also allows distance measures to be defined on the symbolic approach that lower bound corresponding distance measures defined on the original series. As we shall demonstrate, this latter feature is particularly exciting because it allows one to run certain data mining algorithms on the efficiently manipulated symbolic representation, while producing identical results to the algorithms that operate on the original data. Finally, our representation allows the real valued data to be converted in a streaming fashion, with only an infinitesimal time and space overhead.We will demonstrate the utility of our representation on the classic data mining tasks of clustering, classification, query by content and anomaly detection.
Designing Effective and Practical Interventions to Contain Epidemics (2020)

Vaccination is a standard public health intervention for controlling the spread of epidemics. However, the supply of vaccines is typically limited, and therefore, their deployment needs to be optimized. Further, vaccines are produced over time, so the strategies have to be temporal. We study the problem EpiControl&gt; of designing vaccination strategies, within available budget constraints, to minimize the spread of an outbreak. This is a challenging stochastic optimization problem. We design a bicriteria approximation algorithm, which combines a linear programming based rounding, along with the sample average approximation technique. Our approach also provides the empirical approximation factor for the problem instance, relative to the optimum. We find that the approximation factor is significantly better than the worst case bound, and, in practice, is a small constant factor. Further, our method shows significantly better performance than all prior heuristics for this problem. With additional pruning techniques, we are able to scale our algorithm to networks with millions of edges.
Methane Pyrolysis and Disposing Off Resulting Carbon (1999)

Sabatier/Electrolysis (S/E) is a leading process for producing methane and oxygen for application to Mars ISPP. One significant problem with this process is that it produces an excess of methane for combustion with the amount of oxygen that is produced. Therefore, one must discard roughly half of the methane to obtain the proper stoichiometric methane/oxygen mixture for ascent from Mars. This is a waste of hydrogen, which must be brought from Earth and is difficult to transport to Mars and store on Mars. To reduce the problem of transporting hydrogen to Mars, the S/E process can be augmented by another process which reduces overall hydrogen requirement. Three conceptual approaches for doing this are (i) recover hydrogen from the excess methane produced by the S/E process, (ii) convert the methane to a higher hydrocarbon or other organic with a lower H/C ratio than methane, and (iii) use a separate process (such as zirconia or reverse water gas shift reaction) to produce additional oxygen, thus utilizing all the methane produced by the Sabatier process. We report our results here on recovering hydrogen from the excess methane using pyrolysis of methane. Pyrolysis has the advantage that it produces almost pure hydrogen, and any unreacted methane can pass through the S/E process reactor. It has the disadvantage that disposing of the carbon produced by pyrolysis presents difficulties. The goals of a research program on recovery of hydrogen from methane are (in descending priority order): 1) Study the kinetics of pyrolysis to arrive at a pyrolysis reactor design that produces high yields in a confined volume at the lowest possible operating temperature; 2) Study the kinetics of carbon burnoff to determine whether high yields can be obtained in a confined volume at acceptable operating temperatures; and 3) Investigate catalytic techniques for depositing carbon as a fine soot which can be physically separated from the reactor. In the JPL program, we have made significant measurements in regard to goal 1, cursory measurements in regard to goal 2, and would plan to pursue goal 3 if additional resources are secured.
Enhanced spectral power density and reduced linewidth at 1.3 μm in an InGaAsP quantum well resonant-cavity light-emitting diode (1992)

The active region of an InGaAsP single-quantum well light-emitting diode (LED) emitting at 1.3 μm has been placed in the antinode of a resonant cavity consisting of a 32-period distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) and a top silver mirror, with reflectivities of 92% and 95%, respectively. The dominant feature of the 300 K electroluminescence emission at all current levels is a 3 nm (2.8 meV) wide spontaneous emission peak centered on the cavity resonance wavelength. The spectral power density of the structure is more than one order of magnitude higher as compared to a structure without cavity. The resonant-cavity LED operates without gain yet the extremely narrow spectrum indicates that the structure is suitable for wavelength division multiplexing applications.
MicroRNA-128 coordinately targets Polycomb Repressor Complexes in glioma stem cells (2013)

MiR-128 is an important suppressor of PRC activity, and its absence is an early event in gliomagenesis.
A Role for a 70-Kilodalton Heat Shock Protein in Lysosomal Degradation of Intracellular Proteins (1989)

A 73-kilodalton (kD) intracellular protein was found to bind to peptide regions that target intracellular proteins for lysosomal degradation in response to serum withdrawal. This protein cross-reacted with a monoclonal antibody raised to a member of the 70-kD heat shock protein (hsp70) family, and sequences of two internal peptides of the 73-kD protein confirm that it is a member of this family. In response to serum withdrawal, the intracellular concentration of the 73-kD protein increased severalfold. In the presence of adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) and MgCl 2 , the 73-kD protein enhanced protein degradation in two different cell-free assays for lysosomal proteolysis.
The Architecture of an Integrated Local Network (1983)

The DOMAIN system is an architecture for networks of personal workstations and servers which creates an integrated distributed computing environment. Its distinctive features include: a network-wide file system of objects addressed by unique identifiers (UID's); the abstraction of a single level store for transparently accessing all objects, regardless of their location in the network; and a network-wide hierarchical name space. The implementations of these facilities exhibit several interesting approaches to layering the system software. In addition to network transparent data access, interprocess communication is provided as a basis for constructing distributed applications; as a result, we have some experience to guide the choice between these two alternative implementation techniques. Networks utilizing this architecture have been Operational for almost three years; some experience with it and lessons derived from that experience are presented, as are some performance data.
Biocompatible Particles Based on Block-Copolymer Aggregates for Intravascular Administration (1993)

The aggregation between hydrophobic/hydrophilic block copoly mer unimers in water was analyzed. Based on the molecular weight and com position of the block polymer, the number of unimers in each particulate aggre gate, the size of the particle and the size of the particle core, the average distance between the solvated chains attached to the micelle core was calculated. The distance between the terminally attached chains was com pared with the Flory radius R f which was related to the extent that the chains were forced to stay in the "brush" conformation. By selecting the proper struc ture of block copolymer, micelles composed of water-soluble polymer chains were prepared with a "near ideal" saturated surface.
The gene encoding the biotin-apoprotein ligase of<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (1995)

We report the isolation, genomic mapping, and DNA sequence of the BPL1 gene encoding the biotin-apoprotein ligase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The gene was isolated by complementation of an Escherichia coli birA (biotin-apoprotein ligase) mutant indicating that the expressed yeast protein modified the essential biotinated protein of the bacterial host. The BPL1 gene encodes a protein of 690 residues (M(r) 76.4 kDa) with strong sequence similarities to the E. coli and human biotin-apoprotein ligases. BPL1 was mapped to chromosome IV, is allelic to the previously described ACC2 gene, and encodes the major (if not the only) biotin-apoprotein ligase activity of S. cerevisiae.
Participation of different 5-HT receptors in the memory process in rats and its modulation by the serotonin depletor p-chlorophenylalanine (1995)

The memory effects of agonists and antagonists of some serotonin (5-HT) receptor subtypes were examined in experiments on rats using an active avoidance method (shuttle-box). The 5-HT receptor antagonists NAN 190 (1 mg/kg i.p.) and pindolol (6 mg/kg i.p.) improved some indices for memory; the 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 receptor antagonists ritanserin (1 mg/kg i.p.) and ondansetron (0.1 mg/kg i.p.) exerted a favourable effect on the mastering of active avoidance performance. The tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor para-chlorophenylalanine (300 mg/kg i.p.) alone produced no significant changes in the indices for retention of learned behaviour but in combination with the 5-HT-receptor agonists and antagonists influenced some of their effects. The results obtained show different participation of 5-HT1A, 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 receptors in the mechanisms of the memory process; the nature of this involvement is modulated by the brain level of serotonin.
Color transfer to greyscale images using texture spectrum (2005)

Color transfer between two images is one of the most common tasks in image processing. We present a method of pattern recognition to increase the successful possibility of transferring color from color image to greyscale image. A kind of texture descriptor, texture spectrum, plays an important role in the whole procedure. Source image retrieval is used and based on texture-spectrum similarity, which can find the most suitable color images in a color image database. Furthermore, texture-spectrum is also considered to sample color pixels reasonably. We found that the method works well and it can be successfully applied to a variety of images.
On the trail of cardiac specific transcription factors (2001)

for activation of the mouse cardiac troponin I promoter. In issue.
First International Precision Vaccines Conference: Multidisciplinary Approaches to Next-Generation Vaccines (2018)

Vaccines represent a remarkable success in the history of medicine since they have prevented and, in some instances, eradicated a range of infectious diseases. However, for many existing vaccines, immunogenicity is limited, requiring multiple booster doses, and we are still unable to target many pathogens due to intrinsic features of the microorganism, such as genetic/antigenic variability between strains, and our limited understanding of the variables that regulate vaccine responsiveness, including age- and sex-specific differences. Moreover, the traditional approach to vaccine development is often empirical, relying on inactivation of microorganisms or purification of their components, which are usually less immunogenic than the whole microorganism from which they derive. This approach has yielded multiple important vaccines but has failed to consistently generate vaccines that are sufficiently immunogenic in populations with limited immune responsiveness such as newborns and elderly individuals. In an effort to trigger impactful collaborations, a community of scientists gathered in Boston in the United States for the first biennial International Precision Vaccines Conference, sponsored by the Boston Children's Hospital Precision Vaccines Program, to discuss innovation in vaccinology. Recent advancements in the field of systems biology that can identify vaccine immunogenicity biomarkers for target populations, in human <i>in vitro</i> models, and in novel adjuvant and formulation strategies offer unprecedented opportunities to dissect the human immune response to vaccines and inform dramatic improvements in vaccine efficacy. These approaches are poised to have a major scientific and translational impact in vaccinology.