gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 promotes macrophage-mediated tubular injury, but not glomerular injury, in nephrotoxic serum nephritis (1999)

Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is upregulated in renal parenchymal cells during kidney disease. To investigate whether MCP-1 promotes tubular and/or glomerular injury, we induced nephrotoxic serum nephritis (NSN) in MCP-1 genetically deficient mice. Mice were analyzed when tubules and glomeruli were severely damaged in the MCP-1-intact strain (day 7). MCP-1 transcripts increased fivefold in MCP-1-intact mice. MCP-1 was predominantly localized within cortical tubules (90%), and most cortical tubules were damaged, whereas few glomerular cells expressed MCP-1 (10%). By comparison, there was a marked reduction (>40%) in tubular injury in MCP-1-deficient mice (histopathology, apoptosis). MCP-1-deficient mice were not protected from glomerular injury (histopathology, proteinuria, macrophage influx). Macrophage accumulation increased adjacent to tubules in MCP-1-intact mice compared with MCP-1-deficient mice (70%, P < 0.005), indicating that macrophages recruited by MCP-1 induce tubular epithelial cell (TEC) damage. Lipopolysaccharide-activated bone marrow macrophages released molecules that induced TEC death that was not dependent on MCP-1 expression by macrophages or TEC. In conclusion, MCP-1 is predominantly expressed by TEC and not glomeruli, promotes TEC and not glomerular damage, and increases activated macrophages adjacent to TEC that damage TEC during NSN. Therefore, we suggest that blockage of TEC MCP-1 expression is a therapeutic strategy for some forms of kidney disease.
Formulation and evaluation of buccoadhesive gel for the treatment of oral submucosal fibrosis (2014)

Oral submucosal fibrosis (OSF) is a disease affecting the oral cavity and characterized by chronic, complex, irreversible, potentially malignant disorder (PMD) and crippling condition of oral mucosa, various delivery systems for administration & delivery of drugs to the oral cavity for treatment of OSF have been developed. The developed delivery systems mostly contain a single drug, while treatment of OSF is based on multiple drug approach. In the present work it is proposed to formulate and evaluate buccoadhesive gel of two drugs that is metronidazole and lycopene as topical antioxidant. In the present study five batches of metronidazole and lycopene gels were prepared using natural biodegradable polymer Carbopol 934p and sodium carboxy methyl cellulose. The influence of polymer type and polymers blend in varying ratio on the viscosity, buccoadhesive strength, spreadability, extrudability and drug release were evaluated. SCMC based gel showed fastest release in comparison with Carbopol based gel. Using polymer blend of SCMC with Carbopol resulted in a modification of both release and physical properties. The release of metronidazole was decreased with increasing amount of Carbopol and decreasing amount of SCMC. And increasing the viscosity of the gel formulations resulted in a retardation effect on the release of the drug. The study also showed that formulas containing Carbopol exhibited maximum viscosity with lower release rates and best buccoadhesion. KEYWORDS Oral submucosal fibrosis, metronidazole, lycopene, buccoadhesion
Ultrasound detection on rough surfaces using heterodyne photorefractive interferometer: applications to NDE (2002)

Heterodyne interferometers using two-wave mixing in photorefractive cubic crystals for ultrasound detection on rough surfaces is demonstrated. The speckled scattered beam from a rough surface sample interferes with a planar coherent pump beam inside a photorefractive crystal. A third frequency-shifted beam is used to read the grating. The diffracted readout beam and the transmitted signal beam are wavefront matched, resulting in an optimal heterodyne interference signal. We show that the interferometer sensitivity is independent of the surface quality and an optical fiber in the path of the probe beam can be implemented. The interferometer is characterized and results are compared with a classical heterodyne interferometer.
Homotypic and heterotypic protein associations control Rad51 function in double-strand break repair. (1994)

Rad51 is essential for efficient repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Here, we examine Rad51 protein-protein interactions and their biological significance. GAL4 two-hybrid fusion analysis demonstrated that the amino-terminal region of Rad51 mediates both a strong Rad51:Rad51 self-association and a Rad51:Rad52 interaction. Several Rad51 variants were characterized that imparted DSB repair defects; these defects appear to result from Rad51 protein-protein interactions. First, a rad51 allele bearing a missense mutation in the consensus ATP-binding sequence disrupted DSB repair in wild-type yeast. The effect of this allele was dependent on the presence of wild-type Rad51 because MMS sensitivity of rad51 delta strains were not increased by its expression. Second, we identified a highly conserved RAD51 homolog from Kluyveromyces lactis (KlRAD51) that only partially complemented rad51 delta strains and impaired DSB repair in wild-type S. cerevisiae. Third, fusions of Gal4 domains to Rad51 disrupted DSB repair in a manner that required the presence of either Rad51 or Rad52. Because K. lactis RAD51 and RAD52 did not complement a S. cerevisiae rad51 delta rad52 delta strain, Rad51-Rad52 functions appear to be mediated through additional components. Thus, multiple types of Rad51 protein interactions, including self-association, appear to be important for DSB repair.
The Literary Content of Children's Responses to Poetry (1988)

Abstract Children from 34 classrooms, grades one through four, across the United States commented on their reasons for liking or disliking eight different poems. A literary analysis instrument was used to analyze their comments as to focus—history, author, structure, ideas and feelings—and level of thought involved—Knowledge, Interpretation, Application and Judgement. Chi Square analysis revealed a number of statistically significant associations which should provide helpful information to teachers and those professionals who develop educational materials.
Effect of induced metabolic alkalosis on sweat composition in men (2002)

To determine whether induced metabolic alkalosis affects sweat composition, 10 males cycled for 90 min at 62.5 +/- 1.3% peak oxygen uptake, on two separate occasions. Subjects ingested either empty capsules (placebo) or capsules containing NaHCO3- (0.3 g kg-1 body mass; six equal doses) over a 2-h period, which commenced 3 h prior to exercise. Arterialized-venous blood samples were drawn prior to and after 15, 30, 60 and 90 min of exercise. Sweat was aspirated at the end of exercise from a patch located on the right scapula region. NaHCO3- ingestion elevated blood pH, [HCO3-] and serum [Na+], whereas serum [Cl-] and [K+] were reduced, both at rest and during exercise (P < 0.05). Sweat pH was greater in the NaHCO3- trial (6.24 +/- 0.18 vs. 6.38 +/- 0.18; P < 0.05), whereas sweat [Na+] (49.5 +/- 4.8 vs. 50.2 +/- 4.3 mEq L-1), [Cl-] (37.5 +/- 5.1 vs. 39.3 +/- 4.2 mEq L-1) and [K+] (4.66 +/- 0.19 vs. 4.64 +/- 0.34 mEq L-1) did not differ between trials (P > 0.05). Sweat [HCO3-] (2.49 +/- 0.58 vs. 3.73 +/- 1.10 mEq L-1) and [lactate] (8.92 +/- 0.79 vs. 10.51 +/- 0.32 mmol L-1) tended to be greater after NaHCO3- ingestion, although significance was not reached (P=0.07 and P=0.08, respectively). These data indicate that induced metabolic alkalosis can modify sweat composition, although it is unclear whether the secretory coil, reabsorptive duct, or both are responsible for this alteration.
Creation and functional screening of a multi-usepeptide library. (1994)

Studies of functional interactions between transmembrane proteins such as G-protein-coupled receptors and ligands would benefit from the ability to utilize synthetic molecule libraries. This is realized here by the construction and application of a multi-use combinatorial peptide library (MUPL). Peptides are liberated from their supports in a dry state so that the problem of signal interference due to mixing of peptide molecules, particularly agonists and antagonists, is avoided. In addition, the peptides are released from their supports in a controlled manner so that fractions are available for multiple independent tests, thus eliminating the need for iterative library analysis and resynthesis. The MUPL concept was validated with a functional screen which detects agonists to G-protein-coupled receptors and led to the discovery of new ligands. It is expected that combining MUPLs with functional assays will enhance both basic scientific research and the rates of drug discovery and development.
Flexible Magnetic Filaments as Micromechanical Sensors (2003)

We propose a new micromechanical approach to probe bending rigidity at molecular scale. Long flexible filaments made of magnetic colloids and linkers are shown to adopt under magnetic field a hairpin configuration. Measuring the hairpin curvature as a function of the field intensity and the linker length from diffracted light allows us to deduce the linker bending rigidity kappa. The technique is presented for two types of linkers: a spontaneously adsorbing polymer and a grafted biomolecular.
A role for the NG2 proteoglycan in glioma progression (2008)

Many human gliomas carry markers characteristic of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (such as Olig-2, PDGF alpha receptor and NG2 proteoglycan), suggesting these progenitors as the cells of origin for glioma initiation. This review considers the potential roles of the NG2 proteoglycan in glioma progression. NG2 is expressed not only by glioma cells and by oligodendrocyte progenitors, but also by pericytes associated with the tumor microvasculature. The proteoglycan may therefore promote tumor vascularization and recruitment of normal progenitors to the tumor mass, in addition to mediating expansion of the transformed cell population. Along with potentiating growth factor signaling and serving as a cell surface receptor for extracellular matrix components, NG2 also has the ability to mediate activation of beta-1 integrins. These molecular interactions allow the proteoglycan to contribute to critical processes such as cell proliferation, cell motility and cell survival.
Effects of Time-Varying Magnetic Fields in the Frequency Range 1 kHz to 100 kHz upon the Human Body : Numerical Studies and Stimulation Experiment (2012)

In this work, the physiological effects of time-varying magnetic fields up to 100 kHz have been investigated, namely magnetic stimulation and body warming. Simulation studies were based on numerical calculations on sophisticated cell and body models. In addition, magnetic stimulation thresholds have been determined experimentally. The project was carried out within the scope of the development of Magnetic Particle Imaging, a new imaging technology for medical diagnostics.
Isolation of a cDNA Clone Encoding a KATP Channel–Like Protein Expressed in Insulin-Secreting Cells, Localization of the Human Gene to Chromosome Band 21q22.1, and Linkage Studies With NIDDM (1995)

The metabolism of glucose in insulin-secreting cells leads to closure of ATP-sensitive K+ channels (KATP), an event that initiates the insulin secretory process. Defects in insulin secretion are a common feature of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), and the beta-cell KATP that couples metabolism and membrane potential is a candidate for contributing to the development of this clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorder. We screened a hamster insulinoma cDNA library by low-stringency hybridization with a probe coding for the G-protein-coupled inwardly rectifying K+ channel GIRK1/KGA and isolated clones encoding a protein, KATP-2, whose sequence is 90% similar to that of the recently described KATP-1, an ATP-sensitive K+ channel expressed in heart and other tissues. RNA blotting showed that KATP mRNA was present in insulin-secreting cells and brain but not in heart. To assess the contribution of KATP-2 to the development of NIDDM, the human KATP-2 gene (symbol KCNJ7) was isolated and mapped to chromosome band 21q22.1 by fluorescence in situ hybridization. A simple tandem repeat DNA polymorphism, D21S1255, was identified in the region of the KATP-2 gene, and linkage studies between this marker and NIDDM were carried out in a group of Mexican-American sib pairs with NIDDM. There was no evidence for linkage between D21S1255 and NIDDM, indicating that KATP-2 is not a major susceptibility gene in this population.
Clinical MR neuroimaging : diffusion, perfusion, and spectroscopy (2004)

The physiological magnetic resonance techniques of diffusion imaging, perfusion imaging and spectroscopy offer insights into brain structure, function and metabolism. Until recently, they were mainly applied within the realm of medical research, but with their increasing availability on clinical MRI machines, they are now coming into clinical practice for the evaluation of neuropathology in individual patients. This book provides the reader with a thorough review of the underlying physical principles of each of these methods, as well as comprehensive coverage of their clinical applications. Topics covered include single- and multiple-voxel MRS techniques, MR perfusion based on both arterial spin labelling and dynamic bolus tracking approaches, and diffusion-weighted imaging, including techniques for mapping brain white matter fiber bundles. Clinical applications are reviewed in depth for each technique, with case reports included throughout the book. Attention is also drawn to possible artifacts and pitfalls associated with these techniques
Pyoderma Gangrenosum and rheumatoid arthritis (1975)

Two patients had pyoderma gangrenosum and rheumatoid arthritis. Biopsy specimens of the cutaneous ulcers in the patients showed a necrotizing vasculitis. Complement (C3) and immunoglobulins were not detected in the skin lesions. There was no important impairment of cell-mediated immunity observed.
Realizing 5.4 nm Full Pitch Lamellar Microdomains by a Solid-State Transformation (2017)

A simple method was developed to realize a self-assembled block copolymer (BCP) lamellar microdomain morphology with a full pitch of 5.4 nm through an acid hydrolysis of poly(solketal methacrylate-b-styrene) (PSM-b-PS). The acid hydrolysis transforms PSM-b-PS, having two hydrophobic blocks, into poly(glycerol monomethacrylate-b-styrene) (PGM-b-PS), having one hydrophilic and one hydrophobic block. This transformation markedly increases the segmental interaction parameter such that a phase-mixed PSM-b-PS can be transformed in the solid state into a microphase-separated BCP without the use of any additives. Correlation hole scattering of the PSM-b-PS in the phase mixed state yields a segmental interaction parameter (χ) given by χ = 0.0196 + 4.694/T, where T is the absolute temperature. With the symmetric BCPs used in this study, the ordered lamellar microdomain pitch was determined by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) as a function of the degree of polymerization (16 ≤ N ≤ 1246). For the lamellar microdomains of PGM-b-PS, the scattering profiles show many higher order reflections with an increase in the domain spacing (L0). The lowest molar mass sample (Mn = 2200 g/mol, N = 16) had sub-3 nm microdomains after conversion to PGM-b-PS.
On the Strategy of Supply Hubs for Cost Reduction and Responsiveness (2003)

This document is one of a series of white papers on supply chain issues in the electronic industry
Seamless image-based texture atlases using multi-band blending (2008)

In this paper, we propose a novel method for creating a high-quality texture atlas from a 3D model and a set of calibrated images. Our method focuses on avoiding visual artifacts such as color discontinuities, ghosting or blurring, which typically arise from photometric and geometric inaccuracies. We first compute a partition of mesh faces which realizes a good trade-off between visual detail and color continuity at patch boundaries: we efficiently obtain a close-to-optimal seam placement using graph cuts optimization. We then apply a pixel-wise color correction in the vicinity of patch boundaries with a principled 3D extension of multi-band image blending: we achieve faultless color continuity while avoiding ghosting artifacts. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method on two real-world large-scale scenes.
A New Bioimplant for the Endoscopic Treatment of Vesicoureteral Reflux: Experimental and Short-term Clinical Results (1995)

We investigated the safety and clinical effects of a new biocompatible, biodegradable treatment, the Deflux system (dextranomer microspheres in sodium hyaluronan solution), for the endoscopic treatment of grades III and IV vesicoureteral reflux. In preclinical safety studies in pigs histopathological examination demonstrated excellent tolerance. Two weeks after submucous implantation in the pig bladder early ingrowth of fibroblasts and recently generated collagen were noted at the implantation sites. At 14 weeks of followup this ingrowth had slightly increased. Long-term followup in rats showed that the volume of subcutaneous implants was slightly reduced (23%) 1 year after implantation. In a clinical study we investigated the implantation technique and the short (3 months) and long-term (1 year) effects of Deflux implantation in 75 children (101 ureters) with grades III and IV vesicoureteral reflux. We report data from up to 3 months of followup. Implant volumes of 0.4 to 1.0 ml. were sufficient to create distinct boluses and crescent-like ureteral orifices. Although viscous, due to its viscoelastic properties the substance was easy to inject in a well controlled manner. At cystography 3 months later reflux had resolved in 68% of implants, was reduced to grades I and II in 13% of implants and was unchanged in 19% of treated ureters (grades III and IV reflux). No signs of ureteral obstruction or adverse reactions were noted. Results from 1 year of followup will be reported later. Our results indicate that the dextranomer microspheres act as micro-carriers that promote ingrowth of fibroblasts and generate new collagen. We conclude that the Deflux system may represent a new, safe, simple alternative to endoscopic treatment of vesicoureteral reflux in children.
Quiet Ultra-Efficient Integrated Aircraft Using Co-Flow Jet Flow Control (2009)

This paper presents the design of a new concept next generation airplane to achieve a significant performance advancement by reducing noise/emission pollution and fuel consumption and increasing the airport capacity and safety at the same time to satisfy future environmental and flight requirements. The new concept airplane includes the following novel design features: 1) The airplane is a flying wing system with tightly integrated propulsion-airframe-flow control and engines buried in the rear part of the airframe; 2) The airplane is formed mostly by the high performance coflow jet (CFJ) flow control airfoil; 3) The injection jet of the CFJ is introduced from the bypass of the engines after the fan stages. The air inlet of the engines is also the CFJ suction slot, which is spread across most of the wing span to energize boundary layer; 4) The airplane is designed with the projected low specific fuel consumption of futuristic engines and high strength/low weight futuristic materials. These novel design features may lead to the following superior aircraft performance: 1)High cruise aerodynamic efficiency(L/D), which will significantly reduce fuel consumption and hence emission pollution. 2) Low noise level because: a) The CFJ enhances the lift without using any flaps or slats typical of a conventional high lift system.; b) The short takeoff and landing distance due to high maximum lift reduces the noise footprint. 3) The engines inlet suction and nozzle exhaust jet of the integrated propulsion system enhances the airframe performance by augmenting boundary layer suction and removing the nacelle drag of conventional engines. 4) The airplane is tailless since the yaw control is implemented by varying the thrust on the two sides of the flying wing system. The pitching and rolling moment is controlled by flaps at the rear part of the wing. To demonstrate the potential superior performance of the new concept airplane, two conceptual designs of the subsonic transports were made, one with the same mission of Boeing 787-8 and the other with the same mission of the N+2 airplane SAX for comparison. The preliminary mission analysis indicates that the fuel consumption, take off weight, and airplane size of the new concept airplane may be significantly reduced in comparison with the current technology.
Location management for next-generation personal communications networks (2000)

This article presents a survey on location management algorithms for next-generation personal communications networks. We first describe different static and dynamic location update algorithms. Then we discuss various selective paging strategies. We also present various modeling techniques that have been used for the performance analysis of location update and terminal paging. We conclude by stating a number of open problems that need to be addressed for the deployment of next-generation PCNs.
Block copolymers by transformation of ?living? carbocationic into ?living? radical polymerization. II. ABA-type block copolymers comprising rubbery polyisobutene middle segment (1997)

A general method for the transformation of “living” carbocationic into “living” radical polymerization, without any modification of chain ends, is reported for the preparation of ABA block copolymers. For example, α,ω-difunctional polyisobutene, capped with several units of styrene, Cl-St-PIB-St-Cl, prepared cationically (Mn = 7800, Mw/Mn = 1.31) was used as an efficient difunctional macroinitiator for homogeneous “living” atom transfer radical polymerization to prepare triblock copolymers with styrene, PSt-PIB-PSt (Mn = 28,800, Mw/Mn = 1.14), methyl acrylate, PMA-PIB-PMA (Mn = 31,810, Mw/Mn = 1.42), isobornyl acrylate, PIBA-PIB-PIBA (Mn = 33,500, Mw/Mn = 1.21), and methyl methacrylate, PMMA-PIB-PMMA (Mn = 33,500, Mw/Mn = 1.47). © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 3595–3601, 1997
Angiopoietin chemotactic activities on neutrophils are regulated by PI-3K activation (2007)

Angiopoietins (Ang1 and Ang2) modulate blood vessel integrity during the angiogenic process through the activation of tyrosine kinase receptor (Tie2). We recently detected Tie2 expression on neutrophils and reported that angiopoietins induce acute proinflammatory events including neutrophil beta2-integrin activation and their adhesion onto endothelial cells. Herein, we investigated the effect of angiopoietins on neutrophil migration and their capacity to modulate CXCL8/IL-8 chemotactic properties. Using a Boyden chamber assay, we observed that Ang1 and Ang2 (up to 10 nM; 60 min) increased the migration of neutrophils, and the maximal effect was achieved at 1 nM (72% and 114% increase, respectively) as compared with untreated cells. Angiopoietins induce a rapid and transient Akt phosphorylation, and pretreatment of neutrophils with PI-3K inhibitors, wortmannin (100 nM) and LY294002 (500 nM), reduced Ang1-mediated neutrophil migration by 100% and 78% and Ang2 chemotactic activity by 100% and 71%, respectively. Treatment of neutrophils with CXCL8/IL-8 (up to 50 nM; 60 min) increased basal neutrophil migration by 257% at its optimal concentration (10 nM), and pretreatment of neutrophils with corresponding PI-3K inhibitors reduced CXCL8/IL-8 (1 nM) chemotactic effect. Pretreatment of neutrophils with Ang1 or Ang2 (10 nM; 15 min) potentiated neutrophil migration induced by CXCL8/IL-8 (1 or 10 nM; 60 min) by 263% and 238% and by 177% and 164%, respectively. Finally, both angiopoietins showed a synergistic effect on the induction of Akt phosphorylation mediated by CXCL8/IL-8. In summary, our data demonstrate that angiopoietins increase neutrophil migration through PI-3K activation and can enhance proinflammatory activities of other cytokines.