gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An extended fault-tolerant link-state routing protocol on the Internet (2002)

Link-state routing protocols, such as OSPF and IS-IS, are widely used on the Internet. In link-state routing protocols, global network topology is first collected at each node. A shortest path tree (SPT) is then constructed by applying Dijkstra's shortest path algorithm at each node. Link-state protocols normally require the flooding of new information to the entire (sub)network after changes in any link state (including link faults). Narvaez et al. (2000) proposed a fault-tolerant link-state routing protocol without flooding. The idea is to construct a shortest restoration path for each uni-directional link fault. Faulty link information is distributed only to the nodes in the restoration path and only one restoration path is constructed. It is shown that this approach is loop-free. However, the approach of Narvaez et al. is inefficient when a link failure is bi-directional, because a restoration path is uni-directional and routing tables of nodes in the path are partially updated. In addition, two restoration paths may be generated for each bi-directional link fault. We extend the Narvaez protocol to efficiently handle a bi-directional link fault by making the restoration path bi-directional. Several desirable properties of the proposed extended routing protocol are also explored.
Self-Assembled Monolayers Stabilized by Three-Dimensional Networks of Hydrogen Bonds (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTSelf-Assembled Monolayers Stabilized by Three-Dimensional Networks of Hydrogen BondsRobert S. Clegg, Scott M. Reed, and James E. HutchisonView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Materials Science Institute University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 10, 2486–2487Publication Date (Web):February 26, 1998Publication History Received5 January 1998Revised2 February 1998Published online26 February 1998Published inissue 1 March 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja9800277https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9800277rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views834Altmetric-Citations99LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Amides,Chemical structure,Gold,Noncovalent interactions,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
Benzodiazepines and Adequacy of Initial Antidepressant Treatment for Depression (2011)

In short-term efficacy studies, coprescription of a benzodiazepine improves first-month adherence and response to antidepressant treatment. We used Veterans Health Administration data to examine the impact of coprescribed benzodiazepines on initial antidepressant adherence in routine clinical practice and the risks of long-term benzodiazepine use, abuse, and dependence. Our study population was 43,915 Veterans Health Administration patients diagnosed with depression and started on an antidepressant between October 2006 and September 2007. Using logistic regression, adjusting for demographic and clinical covariates, we predicted the likelihood that patients received antidepressant treatment for an adequate duration (90 days), with our primary independent variable of interest being receipt of a benzodiazepine on the same day as the start of the antidepressant. We also assessed the frequency and characteristics of patients whose benzodiazepine use persisted for 1 year or who were diagnosed with anxiolytic abuse or dependence after receiving combined treatment. The adjusted probability of receiving antidepressant treatment of adequate duration was 42.4% for patients who received a benzodiazepine with their initial antidepressant compared with 39.3% for patients initially treated with an antidepressant alone (P < 0.001). Among patients who received combined treatment, 14.1% subsequently used benzodiazepines for at least 1 year, and 0.7% were diagnosed with anxiolytic abuse or dependence. Anxiolytic abuse or dependence, but not long-term benzodiazepine use, was associated with other substance use disorders. These findings should be considered by clinicians when assessing the individual risks and benefits of combining a benzodiazepine with antidepressant treatment.
Analysis Of Overlay Distortion Patterns (1988)

A comprehensive geometrical approach is presented for the least-squares analysis of overlay distortion patterns into useful, physically meaningful systematic distortion subpatterns and an essentially non-systematic residue. A scheme of generally useful distortion sub-patterns is presented in graphic and algorithmic form; some of these sub-patterns are additions to those already in widespread use. A graphic and geometric approach is emphasized rather than an algebraic or statistical approach, and an example illustrates the value in utilizing the pattern-detecting ability of the eye-brain system. The conditions are described under which different distortion sub-patterns may interact, possibly leading to misleading or erroneous conclusions about the types and amounts of different distortions present. Examples of typical interaction situations are given, and recommendations are made for analytic procedures to avoid misinterpretation. It is noted that the lower-order distortion patterns preserve straight-line linearity, but that higher-order distortion may result in straight lines becoming curved. The principle of least-squares analysis is outlined and a simple polynomial data-fitting example is used to illustrate the method. Algorithms are presented for least-squares distortion analysis of overlay patterns, and an APL2 program is given to show how this may easily be implemented on a digital computer. The appendix extends the treatment to cases where small-angle approximation is not permissible.
Derivatives of 3-Piperidinol as Central Stimulants (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDerivatives of 3-Piperidinol as Central StimulantsLewis Walter, Cecile Springer, Joanne Kenney, Susan Galen, and Nathan SperberCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1968, 11, 4, 792–796Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1968Publication History Published online26 November 2002Published inissue 1 July 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00310a612https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00310a612research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views176Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Long Drought: The Dearth of Public Funding for Headache Research (2007)

Headache disorders are the most prevalent of neurological conditions, and migraine is the most prevalent disabling neurological condition (1). Migraine affects 12% and chronic daily headache 4% of Europeans and Americans (2, 3); these disorders also predominantly afflict women during their peak years of productivity. Headache disorders account for ~9% of total lost labour productivity (>r20 billion) (4, 5) and ~1% of total disability (6) in the United States annually. Severe migraine attacks are classified by the World Health Organization as among the most disabling illnesses, comparable to dementia, quadriplegia and active psychosis (7). Given the high global prevalence, enormous societal costs and substantial disability and suffering, one might assume that the alleviation of migraine and other headache disorders would be a major priority for the public research agencies of developed nations. Unfortunately, nothing could be further from the truth. In this issue of Cephalalgia, Olesen and coworkers (8) quantify for the first time the neglect of migraine among European public research funding agencies. Their data are stark: migraine is the least publicly funded of all neurological illnesses relative to its economic impact. Moreover, these authors found that anxiety and affective disorders, two of the most prevalent categories of disorders comorbid with migraine, rank nearly as low as migraine in European public research funding priorities relative to economic impact. The cumulative effect of these funding decisions is to deny migraineurs the promise of research developments to change the courses of their illnesses. The lack of public research support for migraine is not limited to European grant-giving agencies. The problem is equally profound in the USA. Although the precise dollar amounts of migrainerelated National Institutes of Health (NIH) research grants have not been reported, the Computer Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects (CRISP) database of US federally funded biomedical research projects can be used to infer abysmal funding levels. CRISP includes a document for every year of every federally funded (mostly NIH) biomedical research grant. Analysis of the relative number of CRISP documents for prevalent chronic disorders provides an approximation of the relative weight of US federal funding for each disorder. The results are striking (Figure 1 and Table 1). A comparison of the number of CRISP documents (9) with actual NIH funding levels (10) for several disorders leads to an estimate of the mean annual federal funding for migraine research at ~r13M. This sum comprises <0.05% of the total current NIH budget of ~r28B. By comparison, ~21 times more NIH research funding is devoted to
End-to-end optical backpropagation for training neural networks. (2019)

Backpropagation through nonlinear neurons is an outstanding challenge to the field of optical neural networks and the major conceptual barrier to all-optical training schemes. Each neuron is required to exhibit a directionally dependent response to propagating optical signals, with the backwards response conditioned on the forward signal, which is highly non-trivial to implement optically. We propose a practical and surprisingly simple solution that uses saturable absorption to provide the network nonlinearity. We find that the backward propagating gradients required to train the network can be approximated in a pump-probe scheme that requires only passive optical elements. Simulations show that, with readily obtainable optical depths, our approach can achieve equivalent performance to state-of-the-art computational networks on image classification benchmarks, even in deep networks with multiple sequential gradient approximations. This scheme is compatible with leading optical neural network proposals and therefore provides a feasible path towards end-to-end optical training.
Increased abundance of translation machinery in stem cell–derived neural progenitor cells from four schizophrenia patients (2015)

The genetic and epigenetic factors contributing to risk for schizophrenia (SZ) remain unresolved. Here we demonstrate, for the first time, perturbed global protein translation in human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived forebrain neural progenitor cells (NPCs) from four SZ patients relative to six unaffected controls. We report increased total protein levels and protein synthesis, together with two independent sets of quantitative mass spectrometry evidence indicating markedly increased levels of ribosomal and translation initiation and elongation factor proteins, in SZ hiPSC NPCs. We posit that perturbed levels of global protein synthesis in SZ hiPSC NPCs represent a novel post-transcriptional mechanism that might contribute to disease progression.
Association Between Alcohol and Mortality in Patients With Severe Traumatic Head Injury (2006)

Low to moderate BAC may be beneficial in patients with severe brain injury from blunt head trauma. In contrast, high BAC seems to have a deleterious effect on in-hospital death in these patients, which may be related to its detrimental hemodynamic and physiologic effects. Alcohol-based fluids may have a role in the management of patients with severe brain injury after they have been well resuscitated.
Boron Isotopic Compositions in CM Hibonites: A NanoSIMS Approach (2010)

Ming-Chang Liu, Larry R. Nittler, Conel M. O’D Alexander and Typhoon Lee. Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington DC, 20015 (mliu@dtm.ciw.edu), and Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan. Introduction: An outstanding question in cosmochemistry concerns the origins of short-lived radionuclides in the early Solar System. Two short-lived isotopes, Be (t1/2 = 1.5 My) and Be (t1/2 = 53 days), can only be produced via energetic particle spallation [1]. Thus, a quantitative understanding of the initial abundances and distributions of these two radionuclides in meteorites could help constrain the irradiation environment in the solar nebula. It is now well established that Be was present in various types of refractory inclusions with different inferred Al/Al ratios. The inferred Be/Be ratios range from (3–4)×10−4 up to 18×10−4, albeit with significant analytical errors in most cases [2, 3, 4, 5, 6]. Amongst Al-bearing CV CAIs, the best constrained initial Be/Be = (8.8±0.6)×10−4 (2σ) [7]. For Al-free inclusions, the most precise Be/Be ratio of (5.1±1.4)×10−4 (2σ) was obtained in a suite of CM PLAty hibonite Crystals (PLACs) [6]. Within errors, Be/Be ratios in other Al-free objects corroborate this value [4, 5, 8]. Live Be in the early solar system most likely formed as a consequence of protosolar irradiation with variable abundances in meteorites arising from varied irradiation histories [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9]. This view was challenged by a proposition that Be was derived from trapped Galactic Cosmic Ray (GCR) nuclei by the magnetic fields of the progenitor molecular cloud core [10]. However, a comparison between Al-bearing CAIs and Al-free PLACs suggested that the difference in Be/Be has no chronological meaning [6]. This contradicts a major prediction of the trapping model, making it less likely to be the primary Be contributor. The above argument that Be was of solar irradiation origin is based on a chronological viewpoint. If one aims to quantitatively understand the spatial distribution of Be in a certain time period, examinations of different objects that formed closely in time would be needed. CM Spinel-HIBonite spherules (SHIBs) would be a good target for this purpose, as their Al/Al indicates that they formed ∼1×105 years after CAIs [6]. However, resolvable B excesses have not yet been found in SHIBs, primarily because of pervasive B contamination from surface cracks and the lack of large surface area for a typical ion probe spot (∼ 30 − 50μm, [e.g., 6]). This problem could hopefully be overcome with the high spatial resolution of the NanoSIMS. Here we report the preliminary results of Be-B isotopic measurements in CM hibonites obtained with the CIW NanoSIMS 50L.
The Complete Genome Sequence of <i>Propionibacterium Acnes</i> , a Commensal of Human Skin (2004)

Propionibacterium acnes is a major inhabitant of adult human skin, where it resides within sebaceous follicles, usually as a harmless commensal although it has been implicated in acne vulgaris formation. The entire genome sequence of this Gram-positive bacterium encodes 2333 putative genes and revealed numerous gene products involved in degrading host molecules, including sialidases, neuraminidases, endoglycoceramidases, lipases, and pore-forming factors. Surface-associated and other immunogenic factors have been identified, which might be involved in triggering acne inflammation and other P. acnes –associated diseases.
Yield Component Analysis in Grain Sorghum<sup>1</sup> (1986)

Environmental factors such as temperature and available moisture significantly affect the development of yield components in grain sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. However, effect of these factors may vary among plant growth stages. This study was conducted in the field to determine the relative importance of yield components and the effects of environmental factors in two growth periods, planting to bloom (Period 1) and bloom to physiological maturity (Period 2), on yield and its components in 46 sorghum hybrids tested in contrasting field environments. Number of seed was the major contributing component of yield, but the relative importance of seed weight to yield compared to number of seed increased from lownight‐temperature to high‐night‐temperature environments. Number of seeds head −1 was more important than number of heads in affecting variation in number of seed and yield among sorghum hybrids. Rate of grainfill day −1 accounted for more variation in seed weight than rate of fill per growing degree unit (GDU), but both were more important than the length of grainfill period. The relationship between the mean yield and the total GDU of environments was quadratic ( R 2 =0.70), and GDU in the range of 1250 to 1350 favored development of high yields. Slow rate of GDU accumulation in Period 1 coupled with a relatively high rate in Period 2 was associated with high sorghum yields in high‐night‐temperature environments. In low‐night‐temperature environments, high GDU accumulation rate in both Period 1 and Period 2 favored high yields. Within an environment, the GDU accumulation rate was important to yield through its effects on seed weight. Although rain accounted for a significant proportion of variability in yield and its components in most environments, its effects generally were less important than those of GDU and GDU accumulation rate. The results indicate the importance of GDU and rate of GDU accumulation to yield and yield component development across diverse environments, and they demonstrate the need to exploit genetic variation of metabolic efficiency in grainfill in breeding programs designed for stress environments.
The End of the Climate Game (2010)

Business groups are some of the few organisations left supporting action on climate in the United States.
Grafting of poly(acrylic acid) onto nonporous glass bead surfaces (1997)

The surface of glass beads were modified with covalently bonded poly(acrylic acid). The optimum reaction conditions were determined to graft poly(acrylic acid) effectively onto the glass surface. The dependence of the graft polymer molecular weight, grafting percentage and monomer weight conversion based on these reaction conditions were consistent with free radical kinetics. Grafting efficiency for azobisisobutyronitrile was more complex compared with the benzyl peroxide initiator system © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Extracting road features from color images using a cognitive approach (2004)

This paper introduces a cognitive method for extracting significant road information (like road extents, lane markings) from mono-color images. The system is able to identify all traffic lanes and to distinguish between continuous and broken lane markings. Its output is useful in driver assistance systems (for example lane-departure warning). The cognitive aspects of the system are highlighted and the implemented algorithms are described. Finally, some results of the performed tests are introduced before drawing the conclusion.
ADP-dependent Glucokinase/Phosphofructokinase, a Novel Bifunctional Enzyme from the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Methanococcus jannaschii (2002)

A gene encoding an ADP-dependent phosphofructokinase homologue has been identified in the hyperthermophilic archaeon Methanococcus jannaschii via genome sequencing. The gene encoded a protein of 462 amino acids with a molecular weight of 53,361. The deduced amino acid sequence of the gene showed 52 and 29% identities to the ADP-dependent phosphofructokinase and glucokinase from Pyrococcus furiosus, respectively. The gene was overexpressed in Escherichia coli, and the produced enzyme was purified and characterized. To our surprise, the enzyme showed high ADP-dependent activities for both glucokinase and phosphofructokinase. A native molecular mass was estimated to be 55 kDa, and this indicates the enzyme is monomeric. The reaction rate for the phosphorylation of D-glucose was almost 3 times that for D-fructose 6-phosphate. The K(m) values for D-fructose 6-phosphate and D-glucose were calculated to be 0.010 and 1.6 mm, respectively. The K(m) values for ADP were 0.032 and 0.63 mm when D-glucose and D-fructose 6-phosphate were used as a phosphoryl group acceptor, respectively. The gene encoding the enzyme is proposed to be an ancestral gene of an ADP-dependent phosphofructokinase and glucokinase. A gene duplication event might lead to the two enzymatic activities.
SlideFinder: a tool for browsing presentation graphics using content-based retrieval (2003)

An application of CBIR (content based image retrieval) technology to desktop presentation and business graphics is described. The application, SlideFinder, allows a user to index and browse Microsoft PowerPoint and Lotus Freelance Graphics by image similarity, as well as by text and keywords. The image similarity matching uses the IBM QBIC engine (M. Flickner et al., 1995).