gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
EEG Changes With Vagus Nerve Stimulation (2001)

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has been shown to induce EEG changes in animals, but human studies have not shown any significant acute EEG changes. This study is to determine the long-term effect of VNS on EEG. Twenty-one patients aged 4 to 31 years (mean: 14.1 +/- 7.0 years) were studied for a mean duration of 16.8 months with serial EEGs performed at baseline and at 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months after receiving a VNS implant. Five patients who showed active spikes/spike and wave activity on baseline EEGs were found to have synchronization of epileptiform activity, progressive increase in duration of spike-free intervals (P < 0.05), and progressive decrease in duration and frequency of spikes/spike and wave activity (P < 0.01) with time. The remaining 16 patients with less active baseline EEGs did not show obvious synchronization or clustering of spikes but also showed a statistically significant progressive decrease in the number of spikes on EEG with time (P < 0.004 at 3 months, P < 0.008 at 6 months, and P < 0.004 at 1 year). Vagus nerve stimulation induces progressive EEG changes in the form of clustering of epileptiform activity followed by progressively increased periods of spike-free intervals. This may reflect the mechanism of action of VNS in achieving seizure control: alternating synchronization and desynchronization of EEG, with the latter being progressively the dominant feature.
An Intravitreal Sustained-Release Triamcinolone and 5-Fluorouracil Codrug in the Treatment of Experimental Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy (1998)

The intravitreal sustained-release TA/5-FU codrug effectively inhibits the progression of PVR in a rabbit model that closely resembles PVR in humans. The TA/5-FU codrug may simultaneously target different components of the wound-healing response.
Structural analysis of the human interferon gamma receptor: a small segment of the intracellular domain is specifically required for class I major histocompatibility complex antigen induction and antiviral activity. (1992)

Mutations of the human interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) receptor intracellular domain have permitted us to define a restricted region of that domain as necessary for both induction of class I major histocompatibility complex antigen by IFN-gamma and protection against encephalomyocarditis virus. This region consists of five amino acids (YDKPH), all of which are conserved in the human and murine receptors. Tyr-457 and His-461 are essential for activity. Approximately 80% of the amino acids of the intracellular domain of the receptor is not required for major histocompatibility complex class I antigen induction or for antiviral protection against encephalomyocarditis virus. The observation that there was no protection by IFN-gamma against vesiculostomatitis virus indicates that other factors, in addition to chromosome 21 accessory factor(s), are required to generate the full complement of transduction signals from the human IFN-gamma receptor.
Cell-free protein expression in a microchannel array with passive pumping (2008)

We report in vitro (cell-free) protein expression in a microfluidic device using passive pumping. The polystyrene device contains 192 microchannels, each of which is connected to two wells positioned in a 384-well microplate format. A larger droplet of an expression solution was placed at one well of each channel while a smaller droplet of a nutrient solution was at the other well. Protein expression took place in the larger droplet and we found the expression yield in the expression solution is enhanced due to the replenishment of the nutrient solution supplied by passive pumping via the channel. The pumping pressure was generated from the difference in the surface tension between two different sized droplets at the two wells. We demonstrated expression of luciferase in the device and the expression yield was measured using luminescence assay. Different experimental conditions were investigated to achieve maximum protein yield with the least amount of reagents. Protein expression yields were found to be dependent on the amount of the nutrient solution pumped, independent of the amount of the expression solution within the experimental conditions studied. A higher feeding frequency or delivery rate of the nutrient solution resulted in higher protein expression yield. The work demonstrated the feasibility of using the microchannel array for protein expression with the following advantages: (1) simultaneous production of the same protein with different conditions to optimize the expression process; (2) simultaneous production of different proteins for high-throughput protein expression with high yield; (3) low reagent cost due to the fact that it consumes 125-800 times less than the amount used in a protein expression instrument commercially available.
Trust and economic relationships in selected European agrifood chains (2007)

Abstract The role of trust in eight selected agrifood chains in four EU countries is explored. The empirical analysis is based on a qualitative assessment of 28 expert interviews conducted in summer/autumn 2005. In particular, the connection between perceived trust levels and the prevailing type of vertical economic relationships are explored from the perspectives of farmers, processors and retailers. The findings suggest that trust is more pronounced among SMEs, which are characterized by the existence of personal relationships between business partners. However, as is clear for pork breeders, if a source of distrust exists, trust may not fully develop. Also, if the general economic situation is difficult, the development of trust may be hampered, because all chain participants are struggling to command a share of a diminishing margin within the chain. Finally, if economic power is distributed unevenly, as is the case in Germany, Ireland, Spain and the UK where retailers dominate most chains, trust of the more powerful may be limited.
Development of a FRET based fiber-optic biosensor for early detection of myocardial infarction (2005)

A novel optical biosensor technique is being investigated for early detection of myocardial infarction utilizing the distance-dependent chemical transduction method of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). The FRET process requires two fluorophores termed the donor and the acceptor. When in close proximity, the donor absorbs energy from the excitation source and nonradiatively transfers the energy to the acceptor, which in turn emits fluorescent energy. This distance dependent property was utilized to detect conformational changes when antibodies combine with their respective antigens. The fluorophores were conjugated to an antibody-protein A complex and then immobilized to the distal end of an optical fiber. FRET-induced changes in fluorescence were measured as the maximum areas under the donor and acceptor fluorophore emission spectrum, P1 and P2 respectively. Results showed that the addition of specific HuIgG antigen reduced the P1/P2 ratio in five of the six fibers tested. A reduction in the P1/P2 ratio indicated that the antibodies underwent a conformational change upon binding, reducing the distance between the FRET fluorophores. More experiments need to be performed to further characterize the effects of the fiber preparation, immobilization procedure, instrumental sensitivity, and fluorophores concentration on the function and calibration of FRET-based biosensors.
Calpain inhibitors, but not caspase inhibitors, prevent actin proteolysis and DNA fragmentation during apoptosis (1998)

Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, involves a cascade of regulatory events leading to the activation of specific proteases. However, the key substrates for these proteases remain to be identified. We previously demonstrated that levels of five unidentified polypeptides were specifically increased in neurons from embryonic chicken ciliary ganglia undergoing apoptosis by trophic deprivation. Here we show by microsequencing of two of these polypeptides that they are fragments of actin. One of them represents cleavage of actin at the site of interaction with DNase I. The same actin fragments are also found at early stages of apoptosis in chicken and rat dorsal root ganglion neurons, chicken spinal motoneurons and rat thymocytes. Actin fragmentation may play a role in the apoptotic process, since calpain inhibitors I and II both inhibit neuronal death and suppress actin fragmentation. In contrast, caspase (ICE family) inhibitors, though effective in delaying neuronal death, do not prevent actin cleavage or DNA fragmentation. These results indicate a key role for calpain-like proteases in neuronal programmed cell death and suggest that actin fragmentation in the cell is correlated with subsequent DNA fragmentation.
3D printing and disaster shelter costs (2016)

Natural disasters cause significant disruption to the lives of those affected by them. One of the major effects of natural disasters is the loss of housing. Additive manufacturing is a relatively new manufacturing technology that has advantages over traditional manufacturing. For example, AM facilitates rapid prototyping and offers cost advantages for lower volume production. In this paper, the potential of additive manufacturing for providing shelters after a natural disaster is evaluated. The costs of providing shelters to victims of natural disasters is compared with traditional shelter options. It is found that the cost of 3D printed structures falls within the range of traditional shelter options. With continuing improvements in additive manufacturing technology as well as in terms of materials used, additive manufacturing may become an increasingly competitive option for disaster housing.
Quasi-phase-matched parametric fluorescence in periodically inverted GaAs waveguides (2003)

We have observed quasiphase-matched parametric fluorescence in periodically sublattice-reversed gallium arsenide waveguides. Temperature tuning rates of -1.3 nm/K and 4.4 nm/K have been obtained for signal/idler around 1.6 /spl mu/m and 3.0 /spl mu/m, respectively.
Coexpression of pyruvate decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase genes in<i>Lactobacillus brevis</i> (2007)

Lactobacillus brevis ATCC367 was engineered to express pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) genes in order to increase ethanol fermentation from biomass-derived residues. First, a Gram-positive Sarcina ventriculi PDC gene (Svpdc) was introduced into L. brevis ATCC 367 to obtain L. brevis bbc03. The SvPDC was detected by immunoblot using an SvPDC oligo peptide antiserum, but no increased ethanol was detected in L. brevis bbc03. Then, an ADH gene from L. brevis (Bradh) was cloned behind the Svpdc gene that generated a pdc/adh-coupled ethanol cassette pBBC04. The pBBC04 restored anaerobic growth and conferred ethanol production of Escheirichia coli NZN111 (a fermentative defective strain incapable of growing anaerobically). Approximately 58 kDa (SvPDC) and 28 kDa (BrADH) recombinant proteins were observed in L. brevis bbc04. These results indicated that the Gram-positive ethanol production genes can be expressed in L. brevis using a Gram-positive promoter and pTRKH2 shuttle vector. This work provides evidence that expressing Gram-positive ethanol genes in pentose utilizing L. brevis will further aid manipulation of this microbe toward biomass to ethanol production.
Prevalence of clinical rejection after surveillance biopsies in pediatric renal transplants: Does early subclinical rejection predispose to subsequent rejection episodes? (2009)

We analyzed rates of both SCR and CR in children receiving SB at three months post-transplant to determine if SCR predisposed patients to acute CR. Acute rejection was defined according to Banff criteria to include borderline classification or higher. All cases of SCR and CR were treated with anti-rejection protocols. Between October 2004 and July 2008, 89 SB were performed at three months post-transplant. Twenty-six cases of SCR were detected (29%). Sixteen patients experienced 22 episodes of biopsy-proven CR occurring after SB, including seven episodes following SCR and 15 after normal SB. The onset of CR varied from one to 27 months after SB and occurred at similar intervals for cases with SCR and normal SB. The percentage of patients remaining free of CR at 30 months post-transplant was similar in patients with SCR and normal SB. Renal function and graft survival at 30 months also were no different between patients with SCR and those with normal SB. Early-SCR, when treated with rejection protocols, is not a prognostic indicator for subsequent CR episodes.
Position Sensorless Control of PMSM Based on a Novel Sliding Mode Observer over Wide Speed Range (2006)

A position sensorless control scheme of permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSM) without saliency is proposed. The rotor position angle of PMSM is estimated by a novel sliding mode observer over a wide speed range including flux-weakening region. A feedback of the equivalent control is applied in the sliding mode observer. Compared to conventional sliding mode observers (SMO), the proposed approach features the flexibility to design the sliding mode observer with broad operating range. By properly selecting equivalent control feedback gains, the estimation error of rotor position angle can be reduced in the low-speed range and fast convergence guaranteed in the high-speed range. Computer simulation and experimental results are presented to verify the proposed sensorless control algorithm
Synthesis of (+)-Cortistatin A (2008)

Cortistatin A is a marine steroid with highly selective and perhaps mechanistically unique antiangiogenic activity. Herein we report a synthesis of this natural product by way of "cortistatinone", an intermediate ideally suited for investigating the key pharmacophore of the cortistatin family. The synthesis begins with a terrestrial steroid and traverses a route to cortistatin A through the discovery of unique chemical reactivity. Specifically, we demonstrate the first example of a directed, geminal C-H bisoxidation, a new fragmentation cascade to access expanded B-ring steroid systems, a chemoselective cyclization to install the hallmark oxabicycle of the cortistatin family, and a remarkably selective hydrogenation reaction, which should find extensive use in future syntheses of the cortistatins and designed analogues. The synthesis displays a level of brevity, efficiency, and practicality that will be crucial in evaluating the medicinal potential of this fascinating class of marine steroids.
Cernunnos-XLF, a recently identified non-homologous end-joining factor required for the development of the immune system (2006)

The elucidation of the molecular bases of rare inherited immune deficiencies associated with DNA repair defects provide considerable insights into our understanding of fundamental mechanisms such as the non-homologous end-joining ubiquitous DNA repair pathway.
Family Boundaries: Third-Party Rights and Obligations with Respect to Children (2006)

The article introduces the topics discussed within the issue, which defines the law pertaining to the rights and obligations of a third parties with respect to children in the U.S. According to the author, the articles regard whether the law should recognize a continuum of those adults with claims to children in which a third party might deserve more or fewer rights based on his relationship with the child. In the article "Philosophy, Morality and Parental Priority," the fundamental right of parents to raise their children is being dealt with. Another article talks about the rights of same-sex partners in claiming custody of a child.
Heterozygous mutations of the voltage-gated sodium channel SCN8A are associated with spike-wave discharges and absence epilepsy in mice (2009)

In a chemical mutagenesis screen, we identified the novel Scn8a(8J) allele of the gene encoding the neuronal voltage-gated sodium channel Na(v)1.6. The missense mutation V929F in this allele alters an evolutionarily conserved residue in the pore loop of domain 2 of Na(v)1.6. Electroencephalography (EEG) revealed well-defined spike-wave discharges (SWD), the hallmark of absence epilepsy, in Scn8a(8J) heterozygotes and in heterozygotes for two classical Scn8a alleles, Scn8a(med) (null) and Scn8a(med-jo) (missense). Mouse strain background had a significant effect on SWD, with mutants on the C3HeB/FeJ strain showing a higher incidence than on C57BL/6J. The abnormal EEG patterns in heterozygous mutant mice and the influence of genetic background on SWD make SCN8A an attractive candidate gene for common human absence epilepsy, a genetically complex disorder.
A Case of Advanced Gastric Cancer with Carcinomatous Ascites Successfully Treated with Intraperitoneal Administration of CDDP and TS-1 (2006)

症例は66歳の男性で, 約10kgの体重減少, 腹痛で当院を受診した. 腹部CTで腹水貯留と腹部大動脈周囲リンパ節の腫脹を認め, 直腸診でダグラス窩に腫瘤を認めた. 胃内視鏡検査では, 丈の低い隆起性病変を認め, 病理組織ではGroup Vであった. 癌性腹膜炎を伴う進行性胃癌と診断され, 腹水コントロールを目的として, 腹腔内リザーバー留置術が施行された. 術後, CDDP100mgが週1回, 計3回腹腔内投与された. TS-1 (120mg/day) の投与法は, 2週間内服, 1週間休薬を1クールとした. 投与開始後, 最高3,316ng/mlあったCEAの値はすみやかに下降し, 腹水も消失した. 直腸診でのSchnitzler転移は陰性化し, 腹部CT上の腹部大動脈周囲リンパ節転移も消失した. 胃内視鏡検査でも癌病変の著しい縮小を認めた. 治療開始1年10か月後の現在でも, CRは継続しており, 患者は外来化学療法で良好なQOLを保っている.
Ratiometric spectral imaging for fast tumor detection and chemotherapy monitoring in vivo (2011)

We report a novel in vivo spectral imaging approach to cancer detection and chemotherapy assessment. We describe and characterize a ratiometric spectral imaging and analysis method and evaluate its performance for tumor detection and delineation by quantitatively monitoring the specific accumulation of targeted gallium corrole (HerGa) into HER2-positive (HER2 +) breast tumors. HerGa temporal accumulation in nude mice bearing HER2 + breast tumors was monitored comparatively by a. this new ratiometric imaging and analysis method; b. established (reflectance and fluorescence) spectral imaging; c. more commonly used fluorescence intensity imaging. We also tested the feasibility of HerGa imaging in vivo using the ratiometric spectral imaging method for tumor detection and delineation. Our results show that the new method not only provides better quantitative information than typical spectral imaging, but also better specificity than standard fluorescence intensity imaging, thus allowing enhanced in vivo outlining of tumors and dynamic, quantitative monitoring of targeted chemotherapy agent accumulation into them.
Tau in cerebrospinal fluid: A potential diagnostic marker in Alzheimer's disease (1995)

Cerebrospinal fluid from 70 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 96 patients with non-AD neurological diseases as well as 19 normal control subjects was surveyed by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to quantitate levels of the microtubule-associated protein tau in cerebrospinal fluid. The tau level was significantly increased in AD patients as compared with that in patients with non-AD neurological diseases and control subjects. Increased tau levels were found irrespective of age at onset, apolipoprotein E genotype, and clinical stage. Western blots of AD cerebrospinal fluid proteins revealed two to three tau-immunoreactive bands with an apparent molecular mass between 50 and 65 kd consistent with phosphorylated cerebrospinal fluid tau. Taken together, our results suggest that cerebrospinal fluid tau might reflect the progressive accumulation of altered tau due to the progressive death of neurons in the AD brain, and that the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of cerebrospinal fluid tau may prove to be a reliable and early diagnostic test for AD.
Joint detection with coherent receiver antenna diversity in CDMA mobile radio systems (1995)

In code division multiple access (CDMA) mobile radio systems, both intersymbol interference and multiple access interference arise which can be combated by using either elaborate optimum or favorable suboptimum joint detection (JD) techniques. Furthermore, the time variation of the radio channels leads to degradations of the receiver performance. These degradations can be reduced by applying diversity techniques. Using coherent receiver antenna diversity (CRAD) is especially attractive because only the signal processing at the receiver must be modified. In the present paper, the application of CRAD to the more critical uplink of CDMA mobile radio systems with suboptimum JD techniques is investigated for maximal-ratio combining. The authors study six different suboptimum JD techniques based on decorrelating matched filtering, Gauss-Markov estimation, and minimum mean square error estimation with and without decision feedback. These six suboptimum JD techniques which are well-known for single antenna receivers are extended for the application to CRAD. A main concern of the paper is the determining of the SNR performance of the presented JD techniques for CRAD and the achievable average uncoded bit error probabilities for the transmission over rural area, typical urban and bad urban mobile radio channels are determined.
RSA and Rabin Functions: Certain Parts are as Hard as the Whole (1988)

The RSA and Rabin encryption functions $E_N ( \cdot )$ are respectively defined by raising $x \in Z_N $ to the power e (where e is relatively prime to $\varphi (N)$) and squaring modulo N (i.e., $E_N (x) = x^e (\bmod N)$, $E_N (x) = x^2 (\bmod N)$, respectively). We prove that for both functions, the following problems are computationally equivalent (each is probabilistic polynomial-time reducible to the other): (1) Given $E_N (x)$, find x. (2) Given $E_N (x)$, guess the least-significant bit of x with success probability $\tfrac{1}{2} + {1 {{\operatorname{poly}}(n)}}$ (where n is the length of the modulus N). This equivalence implies that an adversary, given the RSA/Rabin ciphertext, cannot have a non-negligible advantage (over a random coin flip) in guessing the least-significant bit of the plaintext, unless he can invert RSA/factor N. The proof techniques also yield the simultaneous security of the $\log n$ least-significant bits. Our results improve the efficiency of pseudorandom number generation and probabilistic encryption schemes based on the intractability of factoring.
Activation energy of source-drain current in hydrogenated and unhydrogenated polysilicon thin-film transistors (1990)

The activation energy of the drain current in polysilicon thin-film transistors (TFTs) and the effects of hydrogenation on this energy are discussed. The activation energy data are fitted using different models of the density of states in the material. It is shown that a model which assumes a distribution of brand tail states and localized deep states can account for the activation energy data of unhydrogenated polysilicon TFTs. However, the activation energy data on hydrogenated TFTs cannot be explained with the band tail model. Instead, a simple model of deep states localized at the grain boundary can fit this data quite accurately. Also, it is shown that there is a characteristic kink in the activation energy data of the hydrogenated TFTs which is a signature of the location of the deep states relative to the valence band edge. Analysis indicates that these deep states are located approximately 0.36 eV from the valence band edge. This value is consistent with that obtained from absorption measurements using photothermal deflection spectroscopy.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>