gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Migrastatin Family:  Discovery of Potent Cell Migration Inhibitors by Chemical Synthesis (2004)

The first asymmetric total synthesis of (+)-migrastatin (1), a macrolide natural product with anti-metastatic properties, has been accomplished. Our concise and flexible approach utilized a Lewis acid-catalyzed diene aldehyde condensation (LACDAC) to install the three contiguous stereocenters and the trisubstituted (Z)-alkene of migrastatin (2 + 3 --> 21). Construction of the two remaining stereocenters and incorporation of the glutarimide-containing side chain was achieved by an anti-selective aldol addition of propionyl oxazolidinone 28 to angelic aldehyde 27, followed by a Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons (HWE) coupling of 32 with glutarimide aldehyde 5. Finally, the assembly of the macrocycle was realized by a highly (E)-selective ring-closing metathesis (35 --> 37). Utilizing the power of diverted total synthesis (DTS), a series of otherwise inaccessible analogues was prepared and evaluated for their potential as tumor cell migration inhibitors in several in vitro assays. These studies revealed a dramatic increase in activity when the natural motif was considerably simplified, presenting macrolactones 45 and 48, as well as macrolactam 55, macroketone 60, and CF(3)-alcohol 71 as promising anti-metastatic agents.
Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics : Volume 177 (2013)

Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics merges two long-running serials, Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics and Advances in Optical and Electron Microscopy. The series features extended articles on the physics of electron devices (especially semiconductor devices), particle optics at high and low energies, microlithography, image science, digital image processing, electromagnetic wave propagation, electron microscopy, and the computing methods used in all these domains
Ions binding to S100 proteins. I. Calcium- and zinc-binding properties of bovine brain S100 alpha alpha, S100a (alpha beta), and S100b (beta beta) protein: Zn2+ regulates Ca2+ binding on S100b protein. (1986)

Flow dialysis measurements of calcium binding to bovine brain S100 alpha alpha, S100a (alpha beta), and S100b (beta beta) proteins in 20 mM Tris-HCl buffer at pH 7.5 and 8.3 revealed that S100 proteins bind specifically 4 Ca2+ eq/mol of protein dimer. The specific calcium-binding sites had, therefore, been assigned to typical amino acid sequences on the alpha and beta subunit. The protein affinity for calcium is much lower in the presence of magnesium and potassium. Potassium strongly antagonizes calcium binding on two calcium-binding sites responsible for most of the Ca2+-induced conformational changes on S100 proteins (probably site II alpha and site II beta). Zinc-binding studies in the absence of divalent cations revealed eight zinc-binding sites/mol of S100b protein dimer that we assumed to correspond to 4 zinc-binding sites/beta subunit. Zinc binding to S100b studied with UV spectroscopy methods showed that the occupation of the four higher affinity sites and the four lower affinity sites on the protein dimer were responsible for different conformational changes in S100b structure. Zinc binding on the higher affinity sites regulates calcium binding to S100b by increasing the protein affinity for calcium and decreasing the antagonistic effect of potassium on calcium binding. Zinc-binding studies on S100a and S100 alpha alpha protein showed that the Trp-containing S100 proteins bind zinc more weakly than S100b protein. Calcium-binding studies on zinc-bound S100a proved that calcium- and zinc-binding sites were distinct although there was no increase in zinc-bound S100a affinity for calcium, as in S100b protein. Finally we provide evidence that discrepancies between previously published results on the optical properties of S100b protein probably result from oxidation of the sulfhydryl groups in the protein.
Efficient electric discharge lasers in XeF and KrF (1976)

Laser action has been obtained in XeF and KrF in a transverse electric discharge powered by a fast Blumlein-type circuit. Over-all efficiencies of these lasers exceeded 1% for XeF and 0.3% for KrF. Maximum pulse energies of 100 mJ in XeF and 30 mJ in KrF were extracted. In XeF the peak pulse power was 25 MW while in KrF the peak pulse power was 1.5 MW.
Selective Thyroid Hormone Receptor Modulators (2003)

Thyroid hormone regulates many important processes in vertebrates. Analysis of the symptoms that accompany hypo- and hyperthyroidism, the most common disorders of the thyroid, suggests that there are certain desirable biological effects brought about by an excess or deficiency of thyroid hormone, and that selective thyroid hormone receptor modulators (STRMs) would be potentially useful therapeutic agents. This review will provide an introduction to thyroid hormone biology, and will discuss the chemistry and pharmacology of the first generation STRMs.
Leveraging Slot Gaming Technology to Gain a Competitive Advantage (2020)

The slot gaming industry is being revolutionized by a recent explosion of new technologies that offer a wealth of management opportunities for casinos and offer a more interactive gameplay experience for players. These new technologies increase the excitement of gameplay while extending time on device (TOD) and revenue for the casinos. This preliminary business proposal informs casino managers on the latest in slot technologies and provides a guideline for their successful implementation.
Torre de Londres e Torre de Hanói: contribuições distintas para avaliação do funcionamento executivo (2007)

OBJETIVO: Realizar um estudo teórico sobre comparações de aspectos cognitivos e metodológicos envolvidos no desempenho das Torres de Hanói e de Londres em indivíduos normais. MÉTODO: Revisão narrativa da literatura. RESULTADOS: O desempenho nesses instrumentos não compartilha a variância esperada em virtude das similaridades aparentes em sua estrutura e demanda de solução. Verificaram-se correlações significativas, porém moderadas, entre o desempenho das duas torres, refletindo em média 75% da variância não compartilhada. CONCLUSÕES: Ambas as torres recrutam diferentes processos executivos para solução da tarefa e não podem ser utilizadas como instrumentos permutáveis.
Using Generalization and Characterization Techniques in the Anomaly-based Detection of Web Attacks. (2006)

The custom, ad hoc nature of web applications makes learning-based anomaly detection systems a suitable approach to provide early warning about the exploitation of novel vulnerabilities. However, anomaly-based systems are known for producing a large number of false positives and for providing poor or non-existent information about the type of attack that is associated with an anomaly. This paper presents a novel approach to anomalybased detection of web-based attacks. The approach uses an anomaly generalization technique that automatically translates suspicious web requests into anomaly signatures. These signatures are then used to group recurrent or similar anomalous requests so that an administrator can easily deal with a large number of similar alerts. In addition, the approach uses a heuristics-based technique to infer the type of attacks that generated the anomalies. This enables the prioritization of the attacks and provides better information to the administrator. Our approach has been implemented and evaluated experimentally on real-world data gathered from web servers at two universities. 1.
Television audience research technology, today's systems and tomorrow's challenges (1992)

Television ratings information is a key element in the consumer entertainment business environment. The technology used in today's measurement systems, as well as future requirements, are discussed. Program identification codes and consumer interface issues are highlighted.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Analysis of type II collagen‐reactive T cells in the mouse I. Different regulation of autoreactive <i>vs.</i> non‐autoreactive anti‐type II collagen T cells in the DBA/1 mouse (1990)

The T cell reactivity against type II collagen (CII) was analyzed in the collagen-induced arthritis-susceptible mouse strain DBA/1. It was shown that the proliferative response in lymph node cells from rat CII-immunized mice was mainly directed against a foreign determinant present on all heterologous CII tested but not on autologous CII. A T cell line with this reactivity reacted with high sensitivity with CII and the determinant was mapped to the CB11 fragment of CII. A weak autoreactive response could be detected in the primary cultures using high concentrations of mouse CII and this reactivity remained after several stimulations with high concentrations of rat CII but not with low concentrations of rat CII. A similar response against mouse CII but with only limited cross-reactivity to rat CII was seen when culturing the cells with mouse CII as antigen. The optimal concentration for the autoreactive response was always more than 100-fold higher than for the response of the T cells specific for heterologous CII. An anti-CII T cell response could also be detected in spleen cells from unimmunized mice and the strongest response was obtained using autologous CII. These results suggest that T cells recognizing self CII are normally activated in the DBA/1 mouse and possibly as a consequence exhibit a clonal anergy pattern with a weak proliferative response only at high concentrations of CII.
Motifs for Metallophosphatase Inhibition (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTMotifs for Metallophosphatase InhibitionJason K. Myers, Stephen M. Antonelli, and Theodore S. WidlanskiView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Indiana University Bloomington, Indiana 47405Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 13, 3163–3164Publication Date (Web):April 2, 1997Publication History Received25 March 1996Revised20 November 1996Published online2 April 1997Published inissue 1 April 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja960952yhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja960952yrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views382Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Inhibitors,Ions,Metals,Organophosphorus compounds,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
Photopolymerized diffusion-defined polyacrylamide gradient gels for on-chip protein sizing (2008)

We report on a facile diffusion-based photopatterning technique for generating linear and non-linear decreasing pore-size gradients in cross-linked polyacrylamide gels. Diffusion of low viscosity polymer precursor solutions and a two-step photopatterning process were used to define the decreasing pore-size gradient gels in a microfluidic format, thus eliminating the need for controlled mixing and delivery of polymer precursor solutions. We present an analytical model of the non-steady state diffusion process and numerically evaluate that model for direct comparison with empirical characterizations of the gradient gels. We show that the analytical model provides an effective means to predict the steepness and linearity of a desired gradient gel prior to fabrication. To assess electrophoretic assay performance in the microfluidic gradient gels, on-chip sizing of protein samples (20-116 kDa) was investigated. Baseline resolution of six proteins was demonstrated in 4 s using 3.5% to 10% polyacrylamide gradient gels. The demonstrated ability to conduct efficient protein sizing in ultra-short separation lengths (0.3 cm) means low applied electric potentials are needed to achieve the electric field strengths required for protein separations. The low required electric potentials relax operating constraints on electrical components, as is especially important for translation of the assay into pre-clinical and clinical settings. The gradient gel fabrication method reported is amenable to adaptation to non-sizing protein assays, as well as integration with upstream sample preparation steps and subsequent orthogonal downstream assays.
Effect of Interleukin-1 Blockers, CK112, and CK116 on Rat Experimental Choroidal Neovascularization In Vivo and Endothelial Cell Cultures <i>In Vitro</i> (2006)

CK112 and CK116 inhibited the development of CNV in the rat model and interfered with vascular endothelial cell proliferation in vitro. Our results suggest that CK112 and CK116 may be good candidates to inhibit ocular neovascularization related to age-related macular degeneration (ARMD).
Fate of Chlamydia trachomatis in human monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages (1986)

The fate of Chlamydia trachomatis (L2/434/Bu) in human peripheral blood monocytes and human monocyte-derived macrophages was studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and by measuring the yield of infectious C. trachomatis in one-step growth experiments. Two main types of phagosome were seen by TEM in the cytoplasm of C. trachomatis-infected human monocytes (1 h postinfection [p.i.]): one in which the elementary body (EB) was tightly surrounded by the membrane of the phagosome and another in which the EB appeared in an enlarged phagosome. Later, 24 to 48 h p.i., each phagosome contained a single EB-like particle, an atypical reticulate body, or a damaged particle. One-step growth experiments showed that infection of human monocytes with C. trachomatis results in a decrease of infectious particles between 24 and 96 h p.i., whereas infection of the monocytes by C. psittaci (6BC strain) results in productive infection with, however, a 3.5-log lower yield than in control MA-104 cells. In contrast to the abortive replication of C. trachomatis in monocytes, monocyte-derived macrophages permitted replication as indicated by one-step growth experiments and TEM. in C. trachomatis-infected, monocyte-derived macrophages 72 h p.i., inclusions of two kinds were observed by TEM. One was very similar to the typical inclusions appearing in infected MA-104 (control) cells; the other was atypical, pleomorphic, often contained "channels," and held relatively few EB and reticulate bodies, some of which appeared damaged or abnormal. The significance of the responses to infection with C. trachomatis in monocytes compared with monocyte-derived macrophages and the role of these cells in sustaining chronic or latent infection and in dissemination of the infection to various parts of the body is discussed.
Ameliorating Metaheuristic in Optimization Domains (2009)

Metaheuristic algorithms, such as genetic algorithms and simulated annealing, are search techniques that are inspired by nature. They aim to avoid a problem encountered by traditional search techniques such as hill climbing - the danger of getting stuck at a local optimum. Many achieve this by adding a stochastic element, such as the ability to accept a move from a candidate solution to one that appears worse. Metaheuristic algorithms have been applied to a wide range of optimization. Solutions to project management problems can be managed by applying search techniques. This paper aims to explore if metaheuristic can be applied in project management domain to get optimal results.
Human respiratory syncytial virus glycoprotein G expressed from a recombinant vaccinia virus vector protects mice against live-virus challenge. (2020)

Recombinant vaccinia virus vectors were constructed which expressed the major surface glycoprotein G of human respiratory syncytial (RS) virus. The biological activity of the G protein expressed from these vectors was assayed. Inoculation of rabbits with live recombinant virus induced high titers of antibody which specifically immunoprecipitated RS virus G protein and was capable of neutralizing RS virus infectivity. Immunization of mice by either the intranasal or the intraperitoneal route with recombinant virus that expressed only the G protein resulted in complete protection of the lower respiratory tract upon subsequent challenge with live RS virus.
Reactions of Perfluorinated Alkenyl‐, Alkynyl‐, Alkyltrifluoroborates, and Selected Hydrocarbon Analogues with the Halogenating Agents Hal<sub>2</sub> (Hal = F, Cl, Br), “BrF” (BrF<sub>3</sub>–Br<sub>2</sub> 1:1), and ICl (2011)

Abstract Reactions of [Bu 4 N][ R BF 3 ] [ R = C n F 2 n +1 CF=CF ( cis , trans ), CF 2 =CF, CF 2 =C(CF 3 ), trans ‐C 4 H 9 CF=CF, trans ‐C 6 H 5 CF=CF, C 4 H 9 CH=CH ( cis , trans ), CF 3 C≡C, and C 4 H 9 C≡C] with chlorine, bromine, BrF 3 + Br 2 (as equivalent of “BrF”), and ICl in solution (CH 2 Cl 2 , CHCl 3 , CF 3 CH 2 CF 2 CH 3 ) led to 1, 2‐addition of halogen and/or replacement of boron by halogen (halodeboration). The reaction of [Bu 4 N][CF 3 C≡CBF 3 ] with less than equimolar amounts of diluted fluorine (5 %) in 1, 1, 1, 3, 3‐pentafluorobutane (PFB) showed only [Bu 4 N][CF 3 CF 2 CF 2 BF 3 ] as fluorine addition product besides extensive fluorodeboration. Suspensions of the insoluble K[CF 2 =CFBF 3 ] salt reacted with Cl 2 and Br 2 in CH 2 Cl 2 giving preferentially products of halogen addition across the C=C bond. In reactions with ICl iododeboration with formation of CF 2 =CFI occurred besides 1, 2‐addition with formation of [CF 2 I–CFClBF 3 ] – . The halodeboration reaction of[Bu 4 N][ trans ‐C 4 H 9 CF=CFBF 3 ] with Br 2 , “BrF”, and ICl, of K[ trans ‐C 6 H 5 CF=CFBF 3 ] with Br 2 , and of [Bu 4 N][ trans ‐C 4 F 9 CF=CFBF 3 ] with ICl proceeded stereospecifically.
A mononuclear, low-valent, electron-rich osmium methylene complex (1983)

Peer-reviewed
Efficient and scalable multiprocessor fair scheduling using distributed weighted round-robin (2009)

Fairness is an essential requirement of any operating system scheduler. Unfortunately, existing fair scheduling algorithms are either inaccurate or inefficient and non-scalable for multiprocessors. This problem is becoming increasingly severe as the hardware industry continues to produce larger scale multi-core processors. This paper presents Distributed Weighted Round-Robin (DWRR), a new scheduling algorithm that solves this problem. With distributed thread queues and small additional overhead to the underlying scheduler, DWRR achieves high efficiency and scalability. Besides conventional priorities, DWRR enables users to specify weights to threads and achieve accurate proportional CPU sharing with constant error bounds. DWRR operates in concert with existing scheduler policies targeting other system attributes, such as latency and throughput. As a result, it provides a practical solution for various production OSes. To demonstrate the versatility of DWRR,we have implemented it in Linux kernels 2.6.22.15 and 2.6.24, which represent two vastly different scheduler designs. Our evaluation shows that DWRR achieves accurate proportional fairness and high performance for a diverse set of workloads.
Waveguide integrated MSM photodetector on InP (1988)

An interdigitated metal-semiconductor-metal Schottky barrier photodetector monolithically integrated with a ridge waveguide and suitable for the 1.3–1.6 μm wavelength range is reported. The GaInAs detector on top of a GaInAsP (Λg= 1.2 μm) guide used a 35 nm layer of GaAs to enhance the Schottky barrier. Internal quantum efficiencies of around 80% and a pulse response of 147ps (FWHM) were obtained.
Techniques for automatically correcting words in text (1992)

Research aimed at correcting words in text has focused on three progressively more difficult problems:(1) nonword error detection; (2) isolated-word error correction; and (3) context-dependent work correction. In response to the first problem, efficient pattern-matching and n -gram analysis techniques have been developed for detecting strings that do not appear in a given word list. In response to the second problem, a variety of general and application-specific spelling correction techniques have been developed. Some of them were based on detailed studies of spelling error patterns. In response to the third problem, a few experiments using natural-language-processing tools or statistical-language models have been carried out. This article surveys documented findings on spelling error patterns, provides descriptions of various nonword detection and isolated-word error correction techniques, reviews the state of the art of context-dependent word correction techniques, and discusses research issues related to all three areas of automatic error correction in text.
Perceptual cryptography on MPEG layer III bit-streams (2003)

Whereas conventional cryptography is suitable for any kind of data, it does not allow for perceptual degradation of encrypted data in multimedia-compressed formats. We present perceptual cryptography applied to MPEG Layer III compressed audio (MP3). The inputs of the cipher are the plaintext MP3 bit-stream, encryption key and encryption percentage. The cipher outputs a MPEG Layer III compliant bit-stream (ciphertext) that is perceptually less valuable than the original bit-stream. The original MP3 bit-stream can be recovered using the ciphertext bit-stream and the same decryption key and percentage used on encryption. An introduction to MP3 audio compression is given followed by a description of the perceptual cipher and its applications. The paper addresses the relationship between the encryption percentage and the subjective quality.
Tangible Interaction in a Mobile Context (2007)

We describe three design experiments, implementing interactive systems that explore the technical context of mobile device usage as a potential design target for tangible interaction techniques. These systems are all implemented using commodity hardware, with camera input to locate tangible interaction elements, and Bluetooth to coordinate multiple devices. Author
Turbid Scene Enhancement Using Multi-Directional Illumination Fusion (2012)

Ambient light is strongly attenuated in turbid media. Moreover, natural light is often more highly attenuated in some spectral bands, relative to others. Hence, imaging in turbid media often relies heavily on artificial sources for illumination. Scenes irradiated by an off-axis single point source have enhanced local object shadow edges, which may increase object visibility. However, the images may suffer from severe nonuniformity, regions of low signal (being distant from the source), and regions of strong backscatter. On the other hand, simultaneously illuminating the scene from multiple directions increases the backscatter and fills-in shadows, both of which degrade local contrast. Some previous methods tackle backscatter by scanning the scene, either temporally or spatially, requiring a large number of frames. We suggest using a few frames, in each of which wide field scene irradiance originates from a different direction. This way, shadow contrast can be maintained and backscatter can be minimized in each frame, while the sequence at large has a wider, more spatially uniform illumination. The frames are then fused by post processing to a single, clearer image. We demonstrate significant visibility enhancement underwater using as little as two frames.