gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cold adaptation of parainfluenza virus type 3: Induction of three phenotypic markers (1982)

In order to attenuate parainfluenza type 3 virus, a wild type strain that was isolated from a child with respiratory disease was adapted to replicate in African green monkey kidney cells at 20 degrees C. Replication at 20 degrees C was not a property of the wild type virus. The virus was serially passaged 45 times in the cold, and clones were selected following passage levels 7, 12, 18, and 45. The population of cold-adapted virus was found to be progressively enriched with temperature sensitive (ts) mutants. After 7 passages in the cold, 1 of 9, and after 12 passages in the cold, 3 of 12 clones were temperature sensitive. Following 18 passages in the cold, 80% of the clones were temperature sensitive and after 45 passages in the cold, all clones were temperature sensitive. In addition to being temperature sensitive each ts clone manifested the tiny plaque morphology. Each temperature-sensitive clone was also cold adapted. Some clones were cold adapted but were not temperature sensitive. The mutants were found to be genetically stable when serially passaged at 32 degrees, 35 degrees, or 39 degrees C. The mutants may possess the necessary degree of attenuation for use as live attenuated intranasal vaccines.
InGaAsN solar cells with 1.0 eV band gap, lattice matched to GaAs (1999)

The design, growth by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition, and processing of an In0.07Ga0.93As0.98N0.02 solar cell, with 1.0 eV band gap, lattice matched to GaAs is described. The hole diffusion length in annealed, n-type InGaAsN is 0.6–0.8 μm, and solar cell internal quantum efficiencies &amp;gt;70% are obtained. Optical studies indicate that defects or impurities, from InGaAsN doping and nitrogen incorporation, limit solar cell performance.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid‐Phase Peptide Synthesis: Fmoc (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Peripheral blood erythroid progenitors from patients with sickle cell anemia: HPLC separation of hemoglobins and the effect of a HbF switching factor. (1985)

We describe the use of HPLC for the separation and quantitation of hemoglobin and globin chains. Utilization of this sensitive technique allows the analysis of hemoglobin and globin chains in the total accumulated and newly synthesized hemoglobin. Using this methodology, we have studied the effect of a previously described HbF factor in fetal calf serum on peripheral blood BFUe-derived erythroblasts from patients with sickle cell anemia. As in previous studies of peripheral blood BFUe-derived erythroblasts from hematologically normal adults, this HbF factor promoted the increased synthesis of HbF in the BFUe-derived erythroblasts from the sickle cell anemia patients.
Effect of the Alkyl Group Substituents on the Thermal and Enzymatic Degradation of Poly(<i>n</i>-alkyl acrylates) (2005)

The effect of the alkyl group substituents on the thermal degradation kinetics of poly(n-alkyl acrylate) was investigated in pyrolysis and in solution. The activation energies for the pyrolytic degradation of poly(n-butyl acrylate) (PBA), poly(ethyl acrylate) (PEA), and poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA), determined by Friedman's technique, were 150, 170, and 203 kJ/mol, respectively. For the thermal degradation of the polymers in solution, a continuous distribution kinetic model was used to determine the random-chain degradation rate coefficients. The activation energies, determined from the temperature dependence of the rate coefficients, for PBA, PEA, and PMA in solution were 109, 117, and 138 kJ/mol, respectively. This indicates that the variation of the activation energies with the chain length of the substituent in the polymer is similar to degradation both by pyrolysis and in solution, though the values obtained are lower for degradation in solution. The enzymatic degradation of these polymers was also investigated at different temperatures with various enzymes (Novozym 435, Lipolase, and Porcine Pancreas) in different solvents. A continuous distribution kinetic model was used to evaluate the polymer chain end scission rate coefficient. The degradation rates were highest when the acrylates were degraded in the presence of Porcine Pancreas in toluene at 50 °C.
n- GaN surface treatments for metal contacts studied via x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (2002)

The surface chemistry and electronic properties of n-GaN surfaces were studied via x-ray photoemission spectroscopy before and after wet chemical treatments. Shifts of the surface Fermi level were measured with the change in position of the Ga 3d core level peak. HCl treatment of n-GaN led to a 0.9 eV shift of the surface Fermi level toward the conduction band minimum, while KOH treatment led to a 0.3 eV shift of the surface Fermi level toward the valance band maximum. These shifts lead to a reduction in the surface barrier for HCl-treated n-GaN and for KOH-treated p-GaN, potentially improving contact resistance. The changes in surface chemistry indicate that a N (or Ga) deficiency with HCl(KOH) treatment alters the surface state density through the formation of donor (acceptor)-like states.
Analytical expressions for critical-band rate and critical bandwidth as a function of frequency (1980)

The critical-band rate as well as the critical bandwidth are functions of frequency. These dependencies have been given in table form. For effective use of these values in computers, relatively simple equations are given to express the dependence of critical-band rate on frequency with an accuracy better than 0.2 Bark and that of critical bandwidth on frequency with an accuracy better than 10% over the whole auditory range.
Relation of Phasic Coronary Flow Velocity Characteristics With TIMI Perfusion Grade and Myocardial Recovery After Primary Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty and Rescue Stenting (2000)

The differentiation between 2 types of TIMI 2 flow can predict the improvement of TIMI grade and LVWM recovery after additional stenting.
Peptide nucleic acid modified magnetic beads for intercalator based electrochemical detection of DNA hybridization (2004)

The specific binding of peptide nucleic acid (PNA) to its complementary DNA target is combined with magnetic separation to enable discrimination against single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP). PNA probes with biotin label at 5'-end were attached to strepavidin coated superparamagnetic iron oxide beads. PNA modified beads were then challenged with non-complementary, SNP containing and perfect-match DNA targets. PNA probe showed no affinity towards non-complementary DNA. The non-specific binding of SNP containing DNA target was suppressed by the washing step of the beads by using sodium dodecylsulfate in blank buffer solution. Then, an electro-active intercalator, 7-dimethyl-amino-1,2-benzophenoxazinium salt (Meldola’s blue, MDB) was introduced to the beads. MDB intercalated between the double-helix of the hybrid molecules on the beads. After removing the excessive MDB, the beads were collected from the solution by immersing a biotin modified carbon paste electrode into the solution. Specific hybridization between PNA probe and DNA target was determined by monitoring the voltammetric peak of MDB. Numerous factors affecting the MDB signal, such as target DNA concentration, intercalator concentration and accumulation time were investigated. MDB signal indicated a detection limit of 2 pM in connection with 20 min hybridization time.
Three-dimensional sub-100 nm super-resolution imaging of biological samples using a phase ramp in the objective pupil (2011)

Localisation microscopy overcomes the diffraction limit by measuring the position of individual molecules to obtain optical images with a lateral resolution better than 30 nm. Single molecule localisation microscopy was originally demonstrated only in two dimensions but has recently been extended to three dimensions. Here we develop a new approach to three-dimensional (3D) localisation microscopy by engineering of the point-spread function (PSF) of a fluorescence microscope. By introducing a linear phase gradient between the two halves of the objective pupil plane the PSF is split into two lateral lobes whose relative position depends on defocus. Calculations suggested that the phase gradient resulting from the very small tolerances in parallelism of conventional slides made from float glass would be sufficient to generate a two-lobed PSF. We demonstrate that insertion of a suitably chosen microscope slide that occupies half the objective aperture combined with a novel fast fitting algorithm for 3D localisation estimation allows nanoscopic imaging with detail resolution well below 100 nm in all three dimensions (standard deviations of 20, 16, and 42 nm in x, y, and z directions, respectively). The utility of the approach is shown by imaging the complex 3D distribution of microtubules in cardiac muscle cells that were stained with conventional near infrared fluorochromes. The straightforward optical setup, minimal hardware requirements and large axial localisation range make this approach suitable for many nanoscopic imaging applications.
A wireless local loop system based on wideband CDMA technology (1999)

This article describes a wireless local loop system based on wideband CDMA technology. The unique features of CDMA technology make it a formidable alternative for fixed wireless telephone applications. The W-CDMA technology used by this WLL system is selected to provide primarily ISDN-like services and data rates to subscribers. This technology also provides a smooth transition into the third generation wireless technology. The air interface used in this WLL system is an interim TTA standard, which specifies a CDMA-based protocol operating in the 2.30-2.40 GHz band. The standard allows two types of bandwidth (5 and 10 MHz). The WLL system described in this article includes the WLL gateway switch, the radio port controller and the radio interface unit. The gateway switch connects the radio system to the PSTN and ISDN. The RPC provides concentration and control functions to a number of base stations called RPs. The RIU is comprised of the fixed units attached to the residential or commercial buildings. Also included are the radio port operation and maintenance (RPOM) unit, which is responsible for maintaining and managing the radio network elements, and the interworking function unit, which is used as a gateway to data services such as the Internet and PSPDN.
Regulation of megakaryocytopoiesis (1989)

An attempt is made here to synthesize the information gained by studies of megakaryocytopoiesis in these various animal systems in order to develop unifying concepts that might be generally applicable to mammalian megakaryocytopoiesis
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy in higher eukaryotes (2008)

Research in autophagy continues to accelerate,(1) and as a result many new scientists are entering the field. Accordingly, it is important to establish a standard set of criteria for monitoring macroautophagy in different organisms. Recent reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose.(2,3) There are many useful and convenient methods that can be used to monitor macroautophagy in yeast, but relatively few in other model systems, and there is much confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure macroautophagy in higher eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers of autophagosomes versus those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway; thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from fully functional autophagy that includes delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of the methods that can be used by investigators who are attempting to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as by reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that investigate these processes. This set of guidelines is not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to verify an autophagic response.
A CMOS electrically configurable gate array (1989)

A CMOS electrically configurable gate array that combines the flexibility, efficiency, extendability, and performance of mask-programmed gate arrays with the convenience of user programmability is described. The implementation is facilitated by a novel two-terminal antifuse programmable element and a configurable interconnect technology. The chip has been fabricated using 2- mu m n-well CMOS technology with two-layer metallization.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy (1984)

In a population-based study in southern Wisconsin, 996 insulin-taking, younger-onset diabetic persons were examined using standard protocols to determine the prevalence and severity of diabetic retinopathy and associated risk variables. The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy varied from 17% to 97.5% in persons with diabetes for less than five years and 15 or more years, respectively. Proliferative retinopathy varied from 1.2% to 67% in persons with diabetes for less than ten years and 35 or more years, respectively. For persons with diabetes of 10 years' duration or less, the Cox regression model relates the severity or retinopathy to longer duration, older age at examination, and higher levels of glycosylated hemoglobin. After ten years of diabetes, severity of retinopathy was related to longer duration, high levels of glycosylated hemoglobin, presence of proteinuria, higher diastolic BP, and male sex.
Discriminative training of the pronunciation networks (2002)

Presents a new approach for a pronunciation network construction. The structure of a pronunciation network is determined as a result of the acoustical data decoding procedure that evaluates a list of the N most probable strings of pronunciation units (SPUs), such as phonemes. The importance of each of the decoded strings is characterized by a set of weight coefficients prescribed to phonemes or to some part of the phonemes. The optimality of the weight coefficients is defined in the framework of discriminative training, and the use of the minimum classification error (MCE) criterion allows us to maximize the discrimination between different pronunciation networks.
2-(3-Methyl-3<i>H</i>-diaziren-3-yl)ethyl 1-(1-phenylethyl)-1<i>H</i>-imidazole-5-carboxylate:  A Derivative of the Stereoselective General Anesthetic Etomidate for Photolabeling Ligand-Gated Ion Channels (2003)

To locate general anesthetic binding sites on ligand-gated ion channels, a diazirine derivative of the potent intravenous anesthetic, R-(+)-etomidate (2-ethyl 1-(1-phenylethyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylate), has been synthesized and characterized. R-(+)-Azietomidate [2-(3-methyl-3H-diaziren-3-yl)ethyl 1-(1-phenylethyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylate] anesthetizes tadpoles with an EC(50) of 2.2 microM, identical to that of R-(+)-etomidate. At this concentration both agents equally enhanced GABA-induced currents and decreased binding of the caged-convulsant [(35)S]TBPS to GABA(A) receptors. In all of the above actions R-(+)-azietomidate is about an order of magnitude more potent than S-(-)-azietomidate, an enantioselectivity comparable to etomidate's. R-(+)-Azietomidate also inhibits acetylcholine-induced currents in nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, with about twice the potency of the parent compound. [(3)H]Azietomidate photoincorporated into Torpedo nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-rich membranes. Desensitization decreased photoincorporation into the delta-subunit and increased that into the alpha-subunit. The latter increase was confined to a proteolytic fragment containing the first three transmembrane segments. Thus, R-(+)-azietomidate is a potent stereoselective general anesthetic and an effective photolabel.
Packaging and Prefusion Stabilization Separately and Additively Increase the Quantity and Quality of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)-Neutralizing Antibodies Induced by an RSV Fusion Protein Expressed by a Parainfluenza Virus Vector (2016)

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV3) are major viral agents of acute pediatric bronchiolitis and pneumonia worldwide that lack vaccines. A bivalent intranasal RSV/HPIV3 vaccine candidate consisting of a chimeric bovine/human PIV3 (rB/HPIV3) strain expressing the RSV fusion (F) protein was previously shown to be well tolerated by seronegative children but was insufficiently immunogenic for RSV F. In the present study, the RSV F protein was engineered to be packaged efficiently into vaccine virus particles. This resulted in a significantly enhanced quantity and quality of RSV-neutralizing antibodies in hamsters and nonhuman primates. In nonhuman primates, this effect was strongly additive to the previously described stabilization of the prefusion conformation of the F protein. The improved immunogenicity of RSV F by packaging appeared to involve prefusion stabilization. These findings provide a potently more immunogenic version of this well-tolerated vaccine candidate and should be applicable to other vectored vaccines.
Neuroscience and music research: What's out there and what's useful to music educators? (2011)

Over the past decade a wave of research combining neuroscience and music has changed and enhanced our understanding of the structure and function of the brain. This research evolved from the discovery that listening to music, making music and learning music has a profound and unique effect on the formation and workings of the brain. The research has been divided into two main streams, using music as a stimulus to observe brain responses and comparing the brain activity of musicians with non-musicians. A growing number of studies have shown that formal music training can lead to better memory, higher ability to regulate cognitive and emotional states and more effective acquisition of language. Importantly for music educators, neurological models have been posed for how the brain acquires, retains and modifies our understanding of music, which could influence listening pedagogy. Yet the research has been somewhat one-sided until now, being conducted and reported upon predominantly within the neuroscientific field. While this research could be of significant interest to music educators it is not immediately accessible to this interest group at present. This lack of accessibility is two-fold; researchers findings are not widely reported outside the neuroscience field and, without a specialised scientific background, the findings themselves are hard to comprehend. As part of a broader doctoral study, questions such as 'what's out there' and 'what's useful to music educators' have been addressed and resources developed to help music educator stay abreast of this rapidly developing and potentially influential research area.
CD16+ monocytes in breast cancer patients: expanded by monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and may be useful for early diagnosis (2011)

Human peripheral blood monocytes are a heterogeneous population, including CD14(+) CD16(-) 'classical' monocytes and CD14(+) CD16(+) 'proinflammatory' monocytes. CD16(+) monocytes are expanded in various inflammatory conditions. However, little is known about the CD14(+) CD16(+) monocytes in patients with breast cancer. We detected CD14(+) CD16(+) monocytes in 96 patients with breast cancer and 54 control subjects using flow cytometry. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the feasibility of CD14(+) CD16(+) monocytes as an indicator for diagnosis of breast cancer. We found that the frequency of CD14(+) CD16(+) monocytes showed a significantly greater increase in breast cancer patients than in controls (16·96% versus 10·84%, P < 0·0001). The area under the ROC curve for CD14(+) CD16(+) monocytes was 0·805 [95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0·714-0·877, P = 0·0001]. Furthermore, the levels of CD16(+) monocytes were significantly negatively associated with the tumour size and pathological staging. In vitro, we showed that CD14(+) CD16(+) monocytes were expanded significantly when the purified CD14(+) monocytes were exposed to Michigan Cancer Foundation (MCF)-7 cells-conditioned medium (MCF-CM) or, separately, to monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1). Neutralizing antibodies against MCP-1 inhibited the expansion of CD14(+) CD16(+) monocytes by MCF-CM. Collectively, our findings indicated that MCP-1 can expand CD14(+) CD16(+) monocytes in patients with breast cancer. Furthermore, the CD14(+) CD16(+) monocyte may be a useful indicator in early diagnosis of breast cancer.
A Compression Method for Arbitrary Precision Floating-Point Images (2007)

The paper proposes a method of compressing floating-point images of arbitrary precision. The concept of floating point images is used frequently in such areas as high dynamic range imaging, where pixel data stored as 8 or 12-bit integers are insufficient. The compression scheme presented in the paper organizes the floating point data in a manner such that already existing compression algorithms such as JPEG or Zlib compression may be used once the data re-organization has taken place. The paper compares the result to a popular (but restrictive) form of image compression, openEXR, and shows significant gains over this format. Furthermore, the compression scheme presented is scalable to deal with floating point images of arbitrary precision.
Substituent effects on the Claisen rearrangement. The accelerating effect of a 6-donor substituent (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSubstituent effects on the Claisen rearrangement. The accelerating effect of a 6-donor substituentDennis P. Curran and Young Ger SuhCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 17, 5002–5004Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00329a061https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00329a061research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views420Altmetric-Citations58LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts