gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A pilot study of interferon alfa and ribavirin combination in liver transplant recipients with recurrent hepatitis C (2002)

Although interferon alfa (IFN-alpha) and ribavirin are widely used in the treatment of hepatitis C, their role in the transplant recipient is unclear. We conducted a pilot study to determine the efficacy and safety of this therapy in transplant recipients with recurrent hepatitis C. Patients at least 6 months posttransplantation were treated with IFN-alpha 3 million units 3 times a week subcutaneously and ribavirin 800 mg daily by mouth for 48 weeks followed by ribavirin monotherapy for 24 weeks. The primary end point was sustained virologic response, and secondary end points included biochemical, virologic, and histologic responses at the end of combination treatment. Thirty-eight patients initiated therapy but 16 withdrew due to adverse effects, including 2 with myocardial infarction. Median age was 50 years; 74% were men, and 91% had genotype 1. The median interval between transplantation and enrollment was 23 months. On an intention-to-treat basis, 7 patients (18%) had a biochemical and 5 (13%) had a virologic response at the end of combination treatment. Inflammatory activity did not change, but fibrosis worsened in virologic nonresponders. Ribavirin maintenance caused a further decrease in serum alanine aminotransferase levels, but hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA levels increased. Only 2 of the 38 patients (5%) had a sustained virologic response. Several patients required treatment with erythropoietin for anemia. In conclusion, IFN-alpha and ribavirin are effective in a small proportion of liver allograft recipients with recurrent hepatitis C. Adverse effects occur commonly, requiring dose reductions and treatment withdrawal.
Optimization issues in multimedia systems (1998)

Multimedia systems must meet stringent real-time performance criteria in order to satisfy customer requirements. Because of these criteria, and because of the rich structure inherent in video-on-demand (VOD) applications, there is both need and opportunity to employ sophisticated mathematical optimization techniques. In this paper we present an overview of several recent optimization algorithms for multimedia systems, concentrating on the techniques themselves. In particular, we will describe a VOD batching algorithm known as the maximum factored queue length policy, based in part on solving a simple instance of a so-called mathematical resource allocation problem. Next we will describe an optimization problem arising when employing a VOD technique known as adaptive piggybacking. This problem can be solved as a dynamic program, and the scheme which results is known as the snapshot algorithm. Finally we will describe a so-called DASD dancing algorithm for VOD disk load balancing, which depends on the solution to a set of three somewhat more advanced resource allocation problems. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The incidence and natural history of knee osteoarthritis in the elderly, the framingham osteoarthritis study (1995)

In elderly persons, the new onset of knee OA is frequent and is more common in women than men. However, among the elderly, age may not affect new disease occurrence or progression.
Indeterminacy and identifiability of blind identification (1991)

Blind identification of source signals is studied from both theoretical and algorithmic aspects. A mathematical structure is formulated from which the acceptable indeterminacy is represented by an equivalence relation. The concept of identifiability is then defined. Two identifiable cases are shown along with blind identification algorithms. The performance of FOBI (fourth-order blind identification), EFOBI (extended FOBI), and AMUSE algorithms is evaluated by some heuristic arguments and simulation results. It is shown that EFOBI outperforms the FOBI algorithm, and the AMUSE algorithm performs better than EFOBI in the case of nonwhite source signals. AMUSE is applied to a speech extraction problem and shown to have promising results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Combined differential and common-mode analysis of power splitters and combiners (1995)

Power splitter/combiner phase and magnitude imbalance is analyzed in terms of simultaneous orthogonal modes of propagation. These simultaneous modes are defined as differential and common-mode. A new measure of splitter imbalance is suggested in the common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR). Measured response of a 180/spl deg/ hybrid splitter is represented in terms of the differential and common-mode responses, and the CMRR is calculated. Combiner imbalance is also analyzed in terms of differential and common-mode responses, and response metrics are suggested. Analytical expressions for CMRR of several common splitters is given as functions of phase and magnitude imbalance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Reactions of boron atoms with molecular oxygen. Infrared spectra of BO, BO2, B2O2, B2O3, and BO−2 in solid argon (1991)

Boron atoms from Nd:YAG laser ablation of the solid have been codeposited with Ar/O2 samples on a 11±1 K salt window. The product infrared spectrum was dominated by three strong 11B isotopic bands at 1299.3, 1282.8, and 1274.6 cm−1 with 10B counterparts at 1347.6, 1330.7, and 1322.2 cm−1. Oxygen isotopic substitution (16O18O and 18O2 ) confirms the assignment of these strong bands to ν3 of linear BO2. Renner–Teller coupling is evident in the ν2 bending motion. A sharp medium intensity band at 1854.7 has appropriate isotopic ratios for BO, which exhibits a 1862.1 cm−1 gas phase fundamental. A sharp 1931.0 cm−1 band shows isotopic ratios appropriate for another linear BO2 species; correlation with spectra of BO−2 in alkali halide lattices confirms this assignment. A weak 1898.9 cm−1 band grows on annealing and shows isotopic ratios for a BO stretching mode and isotopic splittings for two equivalent B and O atoms, which confirms assignment to B2O2. A weak 2062 cm−1 band grows markedly on annealing and shows isotope shifts appropriate for a terminal–BO group interacting with another oxygen atom; the 2062 cm−1 band is assigned to B2O3 in agreement with earlier work. A strong 1512.3 cm−1 band appeared on annealing; its proximity to the O2 fundamental at 1552 cm−1 and pure oxygen isotopic shift suggest that this absorption is due to a B atom–O2 complex.
MicroRNAs direct rapid deadenylation of mRNA (2006)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are ubiquitous regulators of eukaryotic gene expression. In addition to repressing translation, miRNAs can down-regulate the concentration of mRNAs that contain elements to which they are imperfectly complementary. Using miR-125b and let-7 as representative miRNAs, we show that in mammalian cells this reduction in message abundance is a consequence of accelerated deadenylation, which leads to rapid mRNA decay. The ability of miRNAs to expedite poly(A) removal does not result from decreased translation; nor does translational repression by miRNAs require a poly(A) tail, a 3' histone stem-loop being an effective substitute. These findings suggest that miRNAs use two distinct posttranscriptional mechanisms to down-regulate gene expression.
Partial Immune Reconstitution in a Patient with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (1984)

THE acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a disease of the immune system that results in the development of life-threatening opportunistic infections or unusual neoplasms or both. Although effective therapies exist for many of the infectious and neoplastic complications of this syndrome, no successful treatment has been developed for the underlying immune defect. Thus, patients are susceptible to recurrent and life-threatening infections and progressive neoplastic processes. The overall mortality in patients with this syndrome remains at approximately 40 per cent. However, since no reversals of the underlying immune dysfunction have reportedly occurred either spontaneously or with therapy, the disease appears to . . .
The ultrastructural localization of alpha-bungarotoxin binding sites in relation to synapses on chick ciliary ganglion neurons (1983)

The distribution of alpha-bungarotoxin binding sites on chick ciliary ganglion neurons was examined at the ultrastructural level by incubating ganglia with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated toxin and examining the peroxidase-stained and thin-sectioned ganglia with the electron microscope. Both in embryonic and in adult ganglia heavy labeling was restricted to the surface membrane of short processes emerging from the ciliary and choroid cell somata in the region of preganglionic innervation. Less dense labeling occasionally was present on the smooth surface membrane of the soma in the same region. In contrast, the pre- and postsynaptic membranes of most synapses were clearly not labeled even in the immediate vicinity of heavily labeled processes. The labeling represented specific binding of the toxin conjugate since it could be prevented by d-tubocurarine and hexamethonium or by unconjugated toxin. The conjugated toxin was not excluded from the synaptic cleft on the basis of size because a substantially larger protein conjugate, a horseradish peroxidase-labeled monoclonal antibody, was able to enter the cleft and heavily label synaptic membranes as well as soma membranes. Even neurons in adult ganglia had very little synaptic labeling after exposure to the conjugated toxin. These results strongly suggest that the high affinity alpha-bungarotoxin binding sites on chick ciliary ganglion neurons are different from the synaptic ACh receptors which would be expected to be concentrated in the postsynaptic membrane. Clustering of the alpha-bungarotoxin binding sites in the vicinity of synapses, however, may reflect a related synaptic function.
Design and Evaluation of MagnetViz—A Graph Visualization Tool (2011)

MagnetViz was designed for the interactive manipulation of force-directed graph layouts, allowing the user to obtain visualizations based on the graph topology and/or the attributes of its nodes and edges. The user can introduce virtual magnets anywhere in the graph and these can be set to attract nodes and edges that fulfill user-defined criteria. When a magnet is placed, the force-directed nature of the layout forces it to reorganize itself in order to reflect the changes in the balance of forces, consequently changing the visualization into one that is more semantically relevant to the user. This paper describes MagnetViz’s concepts, illustrating them with examples and a case study based on a usage scenario. We also describe how the MagnetViz has evolved since its original version and present the evaluation of its latest version. This evaluation consists of two user studies aiming at assessing generated layout quality and how well the concepts can be apprehended and employed, and a task taxonomy assessment focusing on establishing which graph visualization tasks the technique is able to handle.
The Selective Capsaicin Antagonist Capsazepine Abolishes the Antinociceptive Action of Eugenol and Guaiacol (1997)

The dental phenolic medicaments, eugenol and guaiacol, are partly similar in chemical structure to capsaicin, the pungent constituent of chili peppers, which selectively activates sensory neurons via a specific receptor. We have previously demonstrated that these phenolic compounds show capsaicin-like action. In the present study, an attempt was made to investigate the possibility that these compounds interact with the same cellular site as capsaicin, by using capsazepine, a selective and competitive anta-gonist of capsaicin. Intrathecal (i.t.) treatment with eugenol (12.5 to 50 micrograms), guaiacol (25 to 150 micrograms), or capsaicin (1 to 4 micrograms) for 24 h dose-dependently inhibited the formalin-induced nociceptive response. Capsazepine (5, 10 micrograms, i.t.) shifted these dose-response curves in parallel to the right. Similarly, capsazepine abolished antinociceptive effects of eugenol (50 micrograms), guaiacol (150 micrograms), or capsaicin (2 micrograms) in the acetic acid writhing test. These results suggest that eugenol and guaiacol may exert their antinociceptive effects via the capsaicin receptor located on sensory terminals in the spinal cord.
Static linear and nonlinear elastic properties of normal and arterialized venous tissue in dog and man. (1975)

Ten normal and four transplanted canine jugular vein segments and four human saphenous vein segments were studied to determine the in vitro static elastic properties of venous tissue and their modification by transplantation into the arterial system. Both the intraluminal pressure and the longitudinal force were varied, and the resulting dimensions were recorded photographically. Venous segments manifested a hysteresis response but showed minimum tendency to creep. The pressure-strain relationships were curvilinear with an initial, highly compliant phase over the physiological venous pressure range followed by a relatively noncompliant phase. This transition occurred at lower pressures for jugular segments than it did for saphenous segments. In contrast, comparable-sized canine carotide artery segments did not show this essentially noncompliant phase over the pressure range studied (0 to 200 cm H2O). At comparable pressures and strains, the jugular vein segments were stiffer than the saphenous vein segments in both the circumferential and the longitudinal directions. At comparable strains, the saphenous vein moduli were similar to those in the carotid artery segments. Jugular segments transplanted into arterial circuits became virtually noncompliant and markedly inhomogeneous, with wall thickening and a histologic picture of intimal proliferation. They showed no tendency to "arterialize," that is, they failed to assume either the elastic or the histologic characteristics of arterial tissue.
The isolation, modification and evaluation of field pea proteins and their applications in foods (1998)

Field pea {Pisum sativum L.) is a well established crop around the world and over the last ten years, the production of this grain has been increasing in Australia. As with other grain legumes, field pea proteins contain high levels of lysine which may be important in balancing the deficiencies of this essential amino acid in cereal-based diets. In recent years, interest in plant proteins for feed and food led to the evaluation of field peas as an economical and nutritional source of proteins. Although some research work has been done on the production of field pea protein, starch and fiber as food ingredients in Europe and Canada, none of these attempts have resulted in a commercial scale applications of pea proteins in the food market. The primary limitation to the development of pea proteins as food ingredients is the lack of information on the technology and characterisation of the resulting products, in comparison with well-established soy proteins. The major purpose of this project has been focused on the isolation and characterisation of field pea proteins, both on a laboratory scale and on a pilot scale, as well as the functional properties evaluation of the resultant products for appropriate food applications. The feasibility of chemical modification in order to enhance the functional properties of the proteins is also included.
IBM MQSeries commercial messaging (1995)

Business organisations are re-engineering, restructuring and resizing to become more competitive, or even, to survive. Businesses are transforming themselves into flat, networked organisations and exploring new relationships with customers, suppliers and channels to deliver products and services, a concept which is described as the 'virtual company'. A contracted dynamic work force is also beginning to emerge, one that is tailored to the needs of the business.
Systemic Rather Than Local Heme Oxygenase-1 Overexpression Improves Cardiac Allograft Outcomes in a New Transgenic Mouse (2003)

Abstract Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a rate-limiting enzyme in heme catabolism, exhibits potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. We developed HO-1 transgenic (Tg) mice using a rat HO-1 genomic transgene under the control of the endogenous promoter. Transgene expression was demonstrated by RT-PCR in all studied tissues, and a modest HO-1 overexpression was documented by Western, ELISA, and enzyme activity assays. To assess the effect of local vs systemic HO-1 in the acute rejection response, we used Tg mice as organ donors or recipients of MHC-incompatible heart grafts. In the local HO-1 overexpression model, Tg allografts survived 10.5 ± 0.7 days (n = 10), compared with 6.5 ± 0.4 days (n = 6) for wild-type donor controls (p = 0.0001). In the systemic HO-1 overexpression model, Tg recipients maintained allografts for 26.8 ± 3.4 days (n = 10), compared with 6.3 ± 0.1 days (n = 12) in wild-type controls (p = 0.00009). Inhibition of HO activity by treatment with tin protoporphyrin blunted survival advantage in Tg mice and resulted in acute graft rejection (n = 3). Increased carboxyhemoglobin levels were consistently noted in Tg mice. Comparisons of grafts at day 4 indicated that HO-1 overexpression was inversely associated with vasculitis/inflammatory cell infiltrate in both models. Hearts transplanted into Tg recipients showed decreased CD4+ lymphocyte infiltration and diminished immune activation, as judged by CD25 expression. Thus, although local and systemic HO-1 overexpression improved allograft outcomes, systemic HO-1 led to a more robust protection and resulted in a significant blunting of host immune activation. This Tg mouse provides a valuable tool to study mechanisms by which HO-1 exerts beneficial effects in organ transplantation.
DeepMovie: Using Optical Flow and Deep Neural Networks to Stylize Movies (2016)

A recent paper by Gatys et al. describes a method for rendering an image in the style of another image. First, they use convolutional neural network features to build a statistical model for the style of an image. Then they create a new image with the content of one image but the style statistics of another image. Here, we extend this method to render a movie in a given artistic style. The naive solution that independently renders each frame produces poor results because the features of the style move substantially from one frame to the next. The other naive method that initializes the optimization for the next frame using the rendered version of the previous frame also produces poor results because the features of the texture stay fixed relative to the frame of the movie instead of moving with objects in the scene. The main contribution of this paper is to use optical flow to initialize the style transfer optimization so that the texture features move with the objects in the video. Finally, we suggest a method to incorporate optical flow explicitly into the cost function.
Oncofetal Antigen: A Tumor-Associated Fetal Antigen Immunogenic in Man&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt; (1979)

Oncofetal antigen (OFA) has been defined with the use of human natural antibodies as a membrane antigen of human cancer cells that cross-reacts with human fetal brain tissues. The immunogen that elicits the antibody is unknown. The present study was undertaken to examine the immunogenicity of the OFA found on tumor cells. Postoperative melanoma patients were immunized with OFA-positive melanoma cells. Anti-OFA reactivities in the immunized sera were titrated by the immune adherence assay with the use of a known OFA-positive cultured melanoma cell line, M14, as target cell. Alloantibodies were excluded by absorption with lymphoblastoid cells autologous to M14. Anti-OFA antibody then was identified by absorption with fetal brain. In 6 months of immunization, 19 of 23 patients produced increased anti-OFA antibodies. The peak titers ranged from 1:16 to 1:2,048. Sera from 18 patients who were not immunized also were tested for 6 months postoperatively, and none had significant increases in antibody titers. The increase of anti-OFA antibody titer in response to the immunization with OFA-positive tumor cells suggests the immunogenic capability of tumor-related OFA in man.
Deep Adaptive Image Clustering (2017)

Image clustering is a crucial but challenging task in machine learning and computer vision. Existing methods often ignore the combination between feature learning and clustering. To tackle this problem, we propose Deep Adaptive Clustering (DAC) that recasts the clustering problem into a binary pairwise-classification framework to judge whether pairs of images belong to the same clusters. In DAC, the similarities are calculated as the cosine distance between label features of images which are generated by a deep convolutional network (ConvNet). By introducing a constraint into DAC, the learned label features tend to be one-hot vectors that can be utilized for clustering images. The main challenge is that the ground-truth similarities are unknown in image clustering. We handle this issue by presenting an alternating iterative Adaptive Learning algorithm where each iteration alternately selects labeled samples and trains the ConvNet. Conclusively, images are automatically clustered based on the label features. Experimental results show that DAC achieves state-of-the-art performance on five popular datasets, e.g., yielding 97.75% clustering accuracy on MNIST, 52.18% on CIFAR-10 and 46.99% on STL-10.
Novel methods for the preparation and characterization of hyaluronan oligosaccharides of defined length (2001)

Hyaluronan is a ubiquitous glycosaminoglycan of high molecular weight that acts as a structural component of extracellular matrices and mediates cell adhesion. There have been numerous recent reports that fragments of hyaluronan have different properties compared to the intact molecule. Though many of these results may be genuine, it is possible that some activities are due to minor components in the preparations used. Therefore, it is important that well-characterized and highly purified oligosaccharides are used in cell biological and structural studies so that erroneous results are avoided. We present methods for the purification of hyaluronan oligomers of defined size using size exclusion and anion-exchange chromatography following digestion of hyaluronan with testicular hyaluronidase. These preparations were characterized by a combination of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry with time-of-flight analysis, and fluorophoreassisted carbohydrate electrophoresis. Hyaluronan oligomers ranging from tetrasaccharides to 34-mers were separated. The 4-to 16-mers were shown to be homogeneous with regard to length but did contain varying amounts of chondroitin sulfate. This contaminant could have been minimized if digestion had been performed with medical-grade hyaluronan rather than the relatively impure starting material used here. The 18-to 34-mer preparations were mixtures of oligosaccharides of different lengths (e.g., the latter contained 87% 34-mer, 10% 32-mer, and 3% 30-mer) but were free of detectable chondroitin sulfate. In addition to oligomers with even numbers of sugar rings, novel 5-and 7-mers with terminal glucuronic acid residues were identified.
Luminescent rhenium(<scp>i</scp>) diimine indole conjugates – photophysical, electrochemical and protein-binding properties (2003)

Two novel luminescent rhenium(I) diimine indole complexes have been designed and their properties studied; these conjugates can be recognised by indole-binding proteins including bovine serum albumin, lysozyme and tryptophanase.