gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis of Diabetes (2013)

This article reviews recommendations for diabetes screening, which vary with respect to whether and how to screen. The American Diabetes Association recommends screening persons 45 of age or older or with other risk factors by means of fasting glucose or glycated hemoglobin testing.
Focal glial activation coincides with increased BACE1 activation and precedes amyloid plaque deposition in APP[V717I] transgenic mice (2005)

The early and focal glial activation, in conjunction with upregulated BACE1 mRNA, protein and activity in the presence of its substrate APP, is proposed to represent the earliest sites of amyloid deposition, likely evolving into amyloid plaques.
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition and breast cancer (2009)

Epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity in breast carcinoma encompasses the phenotypic spectrum whereby epithelial carcinoma cells within a primary tumor acquire mesenchymal features and re-epithelialize to form a cohesive secondary mass at a metastatic site. Such plasticity has implications in progression of breast carcinoma to metastasis, and will likely influence response to therapy. The transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of molecular and cellular processes that underlie breast cancer and result in characteristic changes in cell behavior can be monitored using an increasing array of marker proteins. Amongst these markers exists the potential for emergent prognostic, predictive and therapeutic targeting.
Virion-associated cholesterol is critical for the maintenance of HIV-1 structure and infectivity (2002)

This study provides the first direct evidence that HIV-1-associated cholesterol is important for the maintenance of virion structure and infectivity. While the buoyant density of cholesterol-defective HIV-1 can be restored by a cholesterol structural analogue, cholestenone, the requirement for cholesterol is essential for HIV-1 infectivity.
Proteinases, their inhibitors, and cytokine profiles in acute wound fluid (2000)

Wound healing is a complex process involving the interactions of many different cell types, matrix components and biological factors, including proteinases and cytokines. This study compared the levels of proteinases (matrix metalloproteinases and plasminogen activators), proteinase inhibitors (tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases and plasminogen activator inhibitors), inflammatory cytokines and growth factors in acute wound fluid samples collected from the surgical drains of elective breast (n = 24) and colorectal (n = 26) patients on the first postoperative day. Gelatin zymography was used to determine matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 levels, quenched fluorescence substrate hydrolysis was applied for total MMP activity and enzyme-linked immunoassays were used to quantitate other factors. Colorectal wound fluid samples showed significantly (p < 0.05) greater levels of the matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1, 2, 3, and 9), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1, urokinase plasminogen activator receptor and the inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1beta, -6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha); e.g., matrix metalloproteinase-3 colon; median 275 (range 11-2.530) ng/ml; breast; 530-400. However, tissue plasminogen activator and growth factor levels (epidermal growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, transforming growth factor-beta1) were significantly greater in breast samples; e.g., epidermal growth factor breast 468 (103-1, 444) pg/ml; colon 57(1-573). There was no difference in the levels of urokinase type plasminogen activator, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and -2, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases -2 or vascular endothelial growth factor. Acute wound fluid from different surgical wounds showed different profiles of proteinases, proteinase inhibitors, and cytokines. This may lead to differences in the rate of tissue remodeling and therefore healing in these two wounds in vivo.
Supplemental Iodide for Preterm Infants and Developmental Outcomes at 2 Years: An RCT (2017)

Overall iodide supplementation provided no benefit to neurodevelopment measured at 2 years of age.
Dynamic textures (2001)

Dynamic textures are sequences of images of moving scenes that exhibit certain stationarity properties in time; these include sea-waves, smoke, foliage, whirlwind but also talking faces, traffic scenes etc. We present a novel characterization of dynamic textures that poses the problems of modelling, learning, recognizing and synthesizing dynamic textures on a firm analytical footing. We borrow tools from system identification to capture the essence of dynamic textures; we do so by learning (i.e. identifying) models that are optimal in the sense of maximum likelihood or minimum prediction error variance. For the special case of second-order stationary processes we identify the model in closed form. Once learned, a model has predictive power and can be used for extrapolating synthetic sequences to infinite length with negligible computational cost. We present experimental evidence that, within our framework, even low dimensional models can capture very complex visual phenomena.
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Detection of Elevated Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate with in Vivo 3.0-T<sup>31</sup>P MR Spectroscopy with Proton Decoupling (2010)

NADPH, a marker of inflammation and fibrinogenic activity in the liver, is increased in patients with NASH and those with cirrhosis. Proton-decoupled (31)P 3.0-T MR spectroscopy shows promise in the differentiation of NAFLD stages.
An extension of the role of O(2) of cytosine residues in the binding of metal ions. Synthesis and structure of an unusual polymeric silver(I) complex of 1-methylcytosine (1977)

This research project is part of the ESRC research programme on Identities and Social Action. It aims to explore how the use of specific experimental community theatre techniques (Playback and Forum Theatre) can deepen our understanding of the ways refugees settle in London and integrate in British social, economic and political life. Such information is important as an intervention in current British debates on immigration legislation, social cohesion, cultural identity, integration and social exclusion. In addition, the research will also add to our theoretical understanding of how identities are formed and communicated to others, the inter-relationships between individual and collective identities and the extent to which identities are linked to particular forms of social action. In order to do this, the researchers are going to use their contacts with various refugee community organizations in London and organize, in co-operation with them, a series of theatrical events. These will focus on the refugees lives since coming to London and their encounters with local voluntary, statutory and governmental agencies. In Playback Theatre, members of the audience tell stories based on their own experiences and reflections that are then 'reflected back' ('played back') to them by actors on stage. Forum Theatre allows both actors and audience members to change the course of the dramatic action, to 'step in' and to suggest and explore alternative behaviour. The theatrical events will be followed by evaluative sessions and semi-structured interviews with a sample of the audience. These sessions will explore further the choices taken and the suggestions made by participants during the theatre sessions, their understandings of how they have experienced them and more generally, their views on their lives in London. In addition to the informative and theoretical insights gained from the research, our work aims to develop the experiences made with our innovative technology as a new tool for social research and to disseminate them widely amongst the scholarly community. We suggest that experimental theatre techniques can be especially useful for work with disadvantaged and vulnerable groups in society for two reasons: they generate 'deep' insights into the experiences and views of members of these groups that traditional methods such as interviews tend not to achieve, and they help the participants to develop alternative strategies for social action. In this way, the methodology suggested by us is equally beneficial to the research community and the empowerment of the 'researched'.
The generation of T cell memory: a review describing the molecular and cellular events following OX40 (CD134) engagement (2004)

OX40 (CD134), a membrane-bound member of the tumor necrosis factor-receptor superfamily, is expressed primarily on activated CD4(+) T cells. Following engagement on the cell surface, OX40 delivers a costimulatory signal that leads to potent, proinflammatory effects. Engagement of OX40 during antigen (Ag)-specific stimulation of T cells leads to increased production of memory T cells, increased migration of Ag-specific T cells, enhanced cytokine production by effector T cells, and the ability to break peripheral T cell tolerance in vivo. Therefore, OX40 engagement in vivo could have important ramifications for the enhancement of vaccine strategies and inhibition of unwanted inflammation. This review summarizes the molecular and cellular events that occur following OX40 engagement during Ag-specific T cell activation.
Relay Effect of Wireless Power Transfer Using Strongly Coupled Magnetic Resonances (2011)

Wireless power transfer using strongly coupled electromagnetic resonators is a recently explored technology. Although this technology is able to transmit electrical energy over a much longer distance than traditional near field methods, in some applications, its effective distance is still insufficient. In this paper, we investigate a relay effect to extend the energy transfer distance. Theoretical analysis is performed based on a set of coupled-mode equations. Experiments are conducted to confirm the theoretical results and demonstrate the effectiveness of the relay approach. Our results show that the efficiency of power transfer can be improved significantly using one or more relay resonators. This approach significantly improves the performance of the present two-resonator system and allows a curved path in space to be defined for wireless power transfer using smaller resonators.
LiI-Doped Sulfide Solid Electrolyte: Enabling a High-Capacity Slurry-Cast Electrode by Low-Temperature Post-Sintering for Practical All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries (2018)

All-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) based on sulfide solid electrolytes (SEs) have received great attention because of the high ionic conductivity of the SEs, intrinsic thermal safety, and higher energy density achievable with a Li metal anode. However, studies on practical slurry-cast composite electrodes show an extremely limited battery performance than the binder-free pelletized electrodes because of the poor interfacial robustness between the active materials and SEs by the presence of a polymeric binder. Here, we employ a low-temperature post-sintering process for the slurry-cast composite electrodes in order to overcome the binder-induced detrimental effects on the electrochemical performance. The LiI-doped Li<sub>3</sub>PS<sub>4</sub> SEs are chosen because the addition of iodine not only improves the Li-ion conductivity and Li metal compatibility but also lowers the glass-transition and crystallization temperatures. Low-temperature post-sintering of composite cathodes consisting of a LiNi<sub>0.6</sub>Co<sub>0.2</sub>Mn<sub>0.2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-active material, LiI-doped Li<sub>3</sub>PS<sub>4</sub> SE, polymeric binder, and conducting agent shows a significantly improved electrochemical performance as compared to a conventional slurry-cast electrode containing pre-annealed SEs. Detailed analyses by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and galvanostatic intermittent titration technique confirm that post-sintering effectively reduces the interfacial resistance and enhances the chemomechanical robustness at solid-solid interfaces, which enables the development of practical slurry-cast ASSLBs with sulfide SEs.
A novel enzymatic decarboxylation of oxalic acid by the lignin peroxidase system of white‐rot fungus <i>Phanerochaete chrysosporium</i> (1990)

Oxidation of veratryl alcohol by lignin peroxidase (LiP) was potently inhibited by oxalic acid. The inhibition analysis with Lineweaver-Burk plots clearly showed that the type of inhibition is non-competitive. The enzymatic oxidation of veratryl alcohol in the presence of 14C-oxalic acid yielded radioactive carbon dioxide. The results indicate that the apparent inhibition of LiP is caused by reduction of the veratryl alcohol cation radical intermediate back to the substrate level by oxalate, which is concomitantly oxidized to carbon dioxide.
Parameter Estimation of Flow-Measurement in Digital Angiography (2011)

The purpose of angiographic procedures used in cardiovascular interventions is to classify the patient's potential of regeneration after strokes caused by dead blood cells in the main arteria. The flow of blood into heart's capillaries is measured using x-ray radiometry with contrastive fluids. One quick and reliable method for estimating this potential could save lives and would allow further treatments to be more accurately planned. Our task was to fit a 5-parameter Gamma function to the intensity samples extracted from the x-ray angiograms. The estimation of this function's parameters is hard given that the raw data set is heavily polluted with several different types of noise. Our complete solution has four main parts which have also been successfully verified and validated. First, we propose a solution for eliminating the noise by applying a specially designed moving window Gauss filter. Secondly, we have designed an algorithm for computing a good initial guess for the Levenberg-Marquardt optimizer in order to achieve the required precision. Third, an algorithm is proposed for selecting significant points on the smoothed data set with an interval-based classification method. Finally, we apply the LM algorithm to compute the solutions in a nonlinear least squares way. We have also formulated an algorithm based on interval arithmetic which can be effectively used for comparing nonlinear least-squares fit results and assign goodness values based on their residuals. This method has been used for measuring improvements during the development. We must emphasize that the proposed algorithms are distinct, they can be used in other applications together or separately since they are generally applicable, they do not depend on specialties of the presented application.
Silicon epitaxy at 230 °C by reactive dc magnetron sputtering and its <i>in</i> <i>situ</i> ellipsometry monitoring (1991)

We report epitaxial growth of silicon on Si(100) at 230 °C by reactive dc magnetron sputter deposition. Growth is monitored with in situ multiwavelength ellipsometry to determine the film microstructure. Film crystallinity depends on the partial pressure of hydrogen during deposition, and the best film is obtained with 2 mTorr H2. The films are found to have a bulk density deficit of a few percent and a low-density layer at the film-substrate interface. The microstructure is confirmed by transmission electron microscopy measurements. Infrared absorption and thermal hydrogen evolution measurements indicate that a large amount of molecular hydrogen is present at the substrate interface. We discuss the possible roles of hydrogen and particle bombardment in promoting epitaxial growth.
Functionalization of near‐infrared cyanine dyes (1996)

Abstract An indolium heptamethine cyanine dye 11 containing an isothiocyanate function for selective coupling of the dye chromophore with a primary amino group of proteins has been synthesized. Functionalization of a benzothiazolium heptamethine cyanine 12 is discussed.
소셜 미디어가 유학생의 여행 의도에 미치는 영향 : 중국의 경우 실증 분석 (2021)

중국 유학생들은 국내 유입 입국 관광 시장에서 더욱 중요한 분야가 되고 있다. 여행 계획을 위해 소셜 미디어를 점점 더 많이 사용함에도 불구하고, 소셜 미디어가 해외 학생들의 여행 의도에 어떤 영향을 미치는지에 대해서는 거의 알려져 있지 않다. 본 연구는 온라인 설문조사를 통해 기존 TAM 모형과 TPB 이론을 통합하여 소셜 미디어가 유학생의 여행 의도에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 조사한다. 이번 연구 결과는 중국에서의 여행 의도를 예측하는 데 있어 유학생들의 태도, 주관적 규범, 욕구에 대한 소셜 미디어의 인지된 유용성과 소셜 미디어의 인지된 사용 용이성의 역할을 조명한다. 이 연구는 TAM 모델의 이론적 타당성과 경험적 적용 가능성을 관광 계획 분야에서 TPB 이론의 맥락에서 검증하여, 관광산업 이해 관계자들이 새로운 시장 부문을 개발할 수 있는 결정의 근거를 제공한다.
Pathogenesis of Cerebral Malaria: Recent Experimental Data and Possible Applications for Humans (2001)

Malaria still is a major public health problem, partly because the pathogenesis of its major complication, cerebral malaria, remains incompletely understood. Experimental models represent useful tools to better understand the mechanisms of this syndrome. Here, data generated by several models are reviewed both in vivo and in vitro; we propose that some pathogenic mechanisms, drawn from data obtained from experiments in a mouse model, may be instrumental in humans. In particular, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor 2 is involved in this syndrome, implying that the transmembrane form of TNF may be more important than the soluble form of the cytokine. It has also been shown that in addition to differences in immune responsiveness between genetically resistant and susceptible mice, there are marked differences at the level of the target cell of the lesion, namely, the brain endothelial cell. In murine cerebral malaria, a paradoxical role of platelets has been proposed. Indeed, platelets appear to be pathogenic rather than protective in inflammatory conditions because they can potentiate the deleterious effects of TNF. More recently, it has been shown that interactions among platelets, leukocytes, and endothelial cells have phenotypic and functional consequences for the endothelial cells. A better understanding of these complex interactions leading to vascular injury will help improve the outcome of cerebral malaria.
The Yasa Nervorum: Microcorrosion Casts for Scanning Electron Microscopy (1989)

Studies on the vasa nervorum have a long history, not least because of their beneficial application in surgical practice and in understanding the pathogenesis of some neuropathies. In the present study a method is described for the preparation of microcorrosion casts of the vasa nervorum suitable for examination by scanning electron microscopy. The results confirm the findings of earlier investigations but also demonstrate the advantages of an immediate three-dimensional representation of the vascular architecture together with the additional magnification and resolving power of electron microscopy.
Increased frequency of Th17 cells in systemic sclerosis is related to disease activity and collagen overproduction (2014)

SSc progression might be linked to expansion of circulating Th17 cells and increased infiltration of IL-17⁺ cells in skin. Th17-derived IL-17 is involved in fibroblast growth and collagen production. IL-17 blocking antibody may be a useful tool for intervention in the fibrotic course of SSc.
Suppression of sidelobes and noise in airborne SAR imagery using the Recursive Sidelobe Minimization technique (2010)

The Army Research Laboratory (ARL) has recently developed the Recursive Side-lobe Minimization (RSM) technique (patent pending). The technique is integrated with a standard back-projection algorithm to form synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images with significant reduction in side-lobes and noise. We have achieved significant improvements in noise reduction by applying the RSM technique to our Ultrawideband (UWB) Synchronous Impulse Reconstruction (SIRE) forward-looking radar. This paper presents the application of the RSM technique using data from a side-looking airborne SAR system from SRI International. We describe the RSM technique, the SAR data processing, compare the baseline and RSM SAR images, and quantify the image quality in term of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the statistical distribution of the image pixels to show that significant improvement achieved using the RSM technique.
Everybody Dance Now (2019)

This paper presents a simple method for “do as I do” motion transfer: given a source video of a person dancing, we can transfer that performance to a novel (amateur) target after only a few minutes of the target subject performing standard moves. We approach this problem as video-to-video translation using pose as an intermediate representation. To transfer the motion, we extract poses from the source subject and apply the learned pose-to-appearance mapping to generate the target subject. We predict two consecutive frames for temporally coherent video results and introduce a separate pipeline for realistic face synthesis. Although our method is quite simple, it produces surprisingly compelling results (see video). This motivates us to also provide a forensics tool for reliable synthetic content detection, which is able to distinguish videos synthesized by our system from real data. In addition, we release a first-of-its-kind open-source dataset of videos that can be legally used for training and motion transfer.
Digital control laboratory courses (1989)

A description is given of two Stanford University courses of one-quarter (10 weeks) each, covering the material of digital control of dynamic systems, by the authors. The courses have neither homework nor exams but are based on laboratories using IBM PC computers with locally designed and constructed analog plants. Rather formal reports are also required covering the seven laboratories in the two courses. The first course (4-unit credit) has labs on digital filters, control design by transform methods, control design by state-space methods, and quantization effects, The second course (three units) has labs on identification, Kalman filters, and optimal design. The courses are taught by faculty from the Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Aeronautics and Astronautics Departments and satisfy degree requirements in each of these departments; the students are mainly first-year graduate students with a few undergraduates.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Expression cloning of a <i>Xenopus</i> T-related gene (<i>Xombi</i>) involved in mesodermal patterning and blastopore lip formation (1996)

We have used a functional assay to identify a putative T-box transcription factor (Xombi) that has the ability to induce sites of invagination in the ectoderm of Xenopus embryos that resemble the blastopore lip. Maternal Xombi transcript is first localized to the oocyte's vegetal cortex and cytoplasm, early sources of mesoderm and endoderm-inducing signals. Soon after zygotic transcription begins, there is a wave of Xombi expression, beginning in dorsal mesoderm and then extending to lateral and ventral mesoderm, that precedes and parallels blastopore lip formation at the border between the mesoderm and endoderm. Transcripts encoding brachyury, Xwnt8 and goosecoid colocalize with Xombi transcripts within the marginal zone; ectopic expression of Xombi induces expression of all three mesodermal genes. In ectodermal explants, Xombi expression is induced by the secreted mesoderm inducers activinA, activinB, Xnrl and eFGF, and by brachyury, another Xenopus T-box containing gene. The time course and location of Xombi expression, its biological activities and the partial dependence of Xombi expression and blastopore lip formation on fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling suggest that Xombi contributes to a traveling wave of morphogenesis and differentiation during Xenopus gastrulation.
Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity in <i>Neurospora crassa</i> Purification by immunoaffinity chromatography and characterization (1988)

Monoclonal antibodies to Neurospora crassa cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE I) were selected by their capacity to inhibit the enzyme activity. The monoclonal immunoglobulin, coupled to Sepharose 4B, was used for the affinity purification of PDE I activity. After SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis the affinity purified PDE I fractions showed a single polypeptide band of about 41 kDa. This band reacted in Western blots with the above mentioned monoclonal immunoglobulin.