gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adrenergic mechanisms in canine nasal venous systems (2003)

1 We investigated the adrenergic mechanisms of the two venous systems that drain the nasal mucosa, thereby their exact role in eliciting nasal decongestion. The action of endogenously released noradrenaline and exogenous adrenergic agonists on different segments of the nasal venous systems, i.e. collecting (LCV, SCV) and outflow (SPV) veins of posterior venous system, collecting (ACV) and outflow (DNV) veins of anterior venous system and venous sinusoids of the septal mucosa (SM), were studied. In vitro isometric tension of the vascular segments was measured. 2 Transmural nerve stimulation (TNS) produced constriction in ACV, DNV and SM, primary constriction followed by secondary dilatation in LCV and SCV and dilatation in SPV. Tetrodotoxin (10(-6) M) abolished all responses. Phentolamine (10(-6) M), prazosin (10(-6) M) and rauwolscine (10(-7) M) inhibited the constriction in all venous vessels. Propranolol (10(-6) M), atenolol (10(-6) M) and ICI 118,551 (10(-6) M) inhibited the relaxation in SPV but not in LCV and SCV. Phenylephrine and clonidine constricted whereas dobutamine and terbutaline relaxed all venous vessels dose-dependently. 3 These results indicate alpha(1)-, alpha(2)-, beta(1)- and beta(2)-adrenoceptors are present in both venous systems. TNS causes constriction of anterior venous system, venous sinusoids and posterior collecting veins primarily via postjunctional alpha(2)-adrenoceptors but relaxation of posterior outflow vein equally via postjunctional beta(1)- and beta(2)-adrenoceptors. The combined action of the two adrenergic mechanisms can reduce nasal airway resistance in vivo by decreasing vascular capacitance and enhancing venous drainage via the posterior venous system.
AML-associated translocation products block vitamin D(3)-induced differentiation by sequestering the vitamin D(3) receptor. (2002)

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML)-associated chromosomal translocations result in formation of chimeric transcription factors, such as PML/RARalpha, PLZF/RARalpha, and AML-1/ETO, of which the components are involved in regulation of transcription by chromatin modeling through histone acetylation/deacetylation. The leukemic differentiation block is attributed to deregulated transcription caused by these chimeric fusion proteins, which aberrantly recruit histone-deacetylase (HDAC) activity. One essential differentiation pathway blocked by the leukemic fusion proteins is the vitamin (Vit) D(3) signaling. Here we investigated the mechanisms by which the leukemic fusion proteins interfere with VitD(3)-induced differentiation. The VitD(3)-receptor (VDR) is, like the retinoid receptors RAR, retinoid X receptor, and the thyroid hormone receptor (TR), a ligand-inducible transcription factor. In the absence of ligand, the transcriptional activity of TR and RAR is silenced by recruitment of HDAC activity through binding to corepressors. In the presence of ligand, TR and RAR activate transcription by releasing HDAC activity and by recruiting histone-acetyltransferase activity. Here we report that VDR binds corepressors in a ligand-dependent manner and that inhibition of HDAC activity increases VitD(3) sensitivity of HL-60 cells. Nevertheless, the inhibition of HDAC activity is unable to overcome the block of VitD(3)-induced differentiation caused by PLZF/RARalpha expression. Here we demonstrate that the expression of the translocation products PML/RARalpha and PLZF/RARalpha impairs the localization of VDR in the nucleus by binding to VDR. Furthermore, the overexpression of VDR in U937 cells expressing AML-related translocation products completely abolishes the block of VitD(3)-induced differentiation. Taken together these data indicate that the AML-associated translocation products block differentiation not only by interfering with chromatin-modeling but also by sequestering factors involved in the differentiation signaling pathways, such as VDR in the VitD(3)-induced differentiation.
Phylogenetic relationships and evolution of the KNOTTED class of plant homeodomain proteins (1999)

Knotted-like (KNOX) proteins constitute a group of homeodomain proteins involved in pattern formation in developing tissues of angiosperms and other green plants. We conducted phylogenetic analyses of nucleotide and amino acid sequences of all known KNOX proteins in order to examine their evolution. Our analyses reveal two groups of KNOX proteins, classes I and II. Dicot and monocot sequences occur in both classes, indicating that the protein classes arose prior to the origin of the monocots. A conifer (Picea) sequence is nested within class I, suggesting that there are likely to be other copies of KNOX genes in this and other conifers. The orthology of several grass genes (including Zea Kn1, ZMKN1) is strongly supported by phylogenetic and synteny analyses. However, no compelling evidence supports the hypothesis of orthology previously proposed for several dicot genes and ZMKN1. Analysis of expression patterns suggests that the ancestral KNOX gene was expressed in all plant parts and that the propensity to be downregulated in roots and leaves evolved in the class I genes.
The complex pattern of cytokines in serum from patients with meningococcal septic shock. Association between interleukin 6, interleukin 1, and fatal outcome. (1989)

Serum samples from patients with meningococcal disease were examined for the presence of IL-6, TNF-alpha, and LPS. Median serum concentration of IL-6 was 1,000 times higher in patients with septic shock (189 ng/ml) than in patients with bacteriaemia, meningitis, or combined septic shock and meningitis. 11 of 21 patients with serum levels greater than 3.0 ng/ml died, whereas all 58 patients with serum levels at less than or equal to 3.0 ng/ml, survived. All four patients with serum IL-6 levels greater than 750 ng/ml, died. IL-1 was detected in serum from three patients who also had high serum levels of IL-6, TNF-alpha, and LPS, and rapidly fatal courses. IL-6 appeared to be released into serum later than TNF-alpha, and was detected in serum for up to 36 h. The half-life of IL-6 and TNF-alpha was calculated to be 103 +/- 27 min and 70 +/- 11 min, respectively. These data indicate that a complex pattern of cytokines exists in serum from patients with meningococcal septic shock, and that the release of IL-6 and IL-1, in addition to TNF-alpha, is associated with fatal outcome.
Methods for in vitro evaluating antimicrobial activity: A review (2015)

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in researching and developing new antimicrobial agents from various sources to combat microbial resistance. Therefore, a greater attention has been paid to antimicrobial activity screening and evaluating methods. Several bioassays such as disk-diffusion, well diffusion and broth or agar dilution are well known and commonly used, but others such as flow cytofluorometric and bioluminescent methods are not widely used because they require specified equipment and further evaluation for reproducibility and standardization, even if they can provide rapid results of the antimicrobial agent's effects and a better understanding of their impact on the viability and cell damage inflicted to the tested microorganism. In this review article, an exhaustive list of <i>in vitro</i> antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods and detailed information on their advantages and limitations are reported.
Volatility, Adsorption, and Degradation of Propargyl Bromide as a Soil Fumigant (1998)

During the 1960s, propargyl bromide (3-bromopropyne, C(3)H(3)Br, or 3BP) was used in a soil fumigant Trizone, a combination of chloropicrin, methyl bromide, and propargyl bromide. Since a great deal of attention is being placed on finding replacements for methyl bromide (CH(3)Br, MeBr) in soil fumigation, there is a revived interest in developing propargyl bromide as an alternative fumigant. However, at present, no information exists for assessing its behavior and safety in the environment. In this study, several important parameters needed to determine its environmental fate are obtained. These include basic parameters such as solubility, saturated vapor density, the Henry's law constant, adsorption, and degradation. These parameters are compared to MeBr and 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D), a methyl bromide alternative. At 25 degrees C, the Henry's law constant, K(H), for 3-bromopropyne is 0.046, which is smaller than that for MeBr and similar in magnitude to that for 1,3-D. In water at 25 degrees C, the solubility is approximately 1.5% and 3BP slowly degrades with a hydrolysis half-life of 47 days. In soil, the degradation half-life ranged from 1.2 to 5 days, depending on the soil type. Under typical agricultural conditions, 3BP will move readily in soils, a desirable characteristic for fumigants, but, due to its short soil degradation time, should not pose a serious environmental risk.
Combined <i>In vivo</i> Effect of A12, a Type 1 Insulin-Like Growth Factor Receptor Antibody, and Docetaxel against Prostate Cancer Tumors (2006)

Our findings suggest that targeting type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor can enhance the therapeutic effect of docetaxel on advanced prostate cancer. Our findings also suggest a potential mechanism to improve the treatment efficacy of docetaxel in prostate cancer.
A Novel Sensitive and Selective Bioassay for Human Type I Interferons (1998)

We describe a novel MxA gene-induction assay for type I interferons (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta) based on the specific induction of the MxA gene in cultured human cells. Accumulated intracellular MxA protein is determined by immunologic measurement by a rapid method using commercially available materials. IFN activity can be measured accurately over a concentration range of 0.1-30 IU/ml. In contrast, type II IFN and other cytokines are not significantly detected. The MxA-induction assay has advantages in terms of specificity, reliability, and sensitivity over other methods for assaying type I IFN. It has also been adapted and validated for measuring the titers of anti-IFN-beta neutralizing antibodies in human sera.
Borrowed-virtual-time (BVT) scheduling (1999)

Systems need to run a larger and more diverse set of applications, from real-time to interactive to batch, on uniprocessor and multiprocessor platforms. However, most schedulers either do not address latency requirements or are specialized to complex real-time paradigms, limiting their applicability to general-purpose systems.In this paper, we present Borrowed-Virtual-Time (BVT) Scheduling, showing that it provides low-latency for real-time and interactive applications yet weighted sharing of the CPU across applications according to system policy, even with thread failure at the real-time level, all with a low-overhead implementation on multiprocessors as well as uniprocessors. It makes minimal demands on application developers, and can be used with a reservation or admission control module for hard real-time applications.
L'eschatologie d'Abu al-'Abbas al-Lawkari (mort apres 503/1109): le Bayan al-Haqq et le Sharḥ-e Qaṣida-ye Asrar al-Hikma (2012)

Abu al-'Abbās al-Lawkarī (d. after 503/1109), author of the Arabic Bayan al-Haqq (Explanation of truth guaranteed by the truth) and the Persian Sharh-i Qasidah-yi Asrar al-Hikmah (Commentary on the poem The Secrets of Philosophy), included several passages on the fate of the soul after its separation from the body after death, in the metaphysical parts of these two works. In what follows, we would like to propose a reading of the eschatology found in those two works of Lawkari by comparing the two texts to determine the degree of similarity of the arguments that are presented therein, as well as the differences that might exist to determine the degree of dependence of the positions put forward in these two texts Lawkarī theses from the Peripatetic tradition Avicenna as found, for example, in the latter’s Shifā'. Lawkarī is especially of concern the nature of the posthumous knowledge of the soul, a project that will likely want a draft epistemology eschatological. While Lawkarī certainly pursues the Avicennan tradition, he nonetheless seeks to account for the particular type of completely intellective nature of knowledge that must have in the afterlife, elements of an eschatological epistemology.
Whole-Genome Comparison of<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>Clinical and Laboratory Strains (2002)

Virulence and immunity are poorly understood in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We sequenced the complete genome of the M. tuberculosis clinical strain CDC1551 and performed a whole-genome comparison with the laboratory strain H37Rv in order to identify polymorphic sequences with potential relevance to disease pathogenesis, immunity, and evolution. We found large-sequence and single-nucleotide polymorphisms in numerous genes. Polymorphic loci included a phospholipase C, a membrane lipoprotein, members of an adenylate cyclase gene family, and members of the PE/PPE gene family, some of which have been implicated in virulence or the host immune response. Several gene families, including the PE/PPE gene family, also had significantly higher synonymous and nonsynonymous substitution frequencies compared to the genome as a whole. We tested a large sample of M. tuberculosis clinical isolates for a subset of the large-sequence and single-nucleotide polymorphisms and found widespread genetic variability at many of these loci. We performed phylogenetic and epidemiological analysis to investigate the evolutionary relationships among isolates and the origins of specific polymorphic loci. A number of these polymorphisms appear to have occurred multiple times as independent events, suggesting that these changes may be under selective pressure. Together, these results demonstrate that polymorphisms among M. tuberculosis strains are more extensive than initially anticipated, and genetic variation may have an important role in disease pathogenesis and immunity.
ChemInform Abstract: A Biosynthetic Microbial Ability Applied for the Oxidative Ring Cleavage of Non‐Natural Heterocyclic Quinones. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Fast algorithms for polynomial solutions of linear differential equations (2005)

We investigate polynomial solutions of homogeneous linear differential equations with coefficients that are polynomials with integer coefficients. The problems we consider are the existence of nonzero polynomial solutions, the determination of the dimension of the vector space of polynomial solutions, the computation of a basis of this space. Previous algorithms have a bit complexity that is at least quadratic in the largest integer valuation N of formal Laurent series solutions at infinity, even for merely detecting the existence of nonzero polynomial solutions. We give a deterministic algorithm that computes a compact representation of a basis of polynomial solutions in O(Nlog3N) bit operations. We also give a probabilistic algorithm that computes the dimension of the space of polynomial solutions in O(√Nlog2N) bit operations. In general, the integer N is not polynomially bounded in the bit size of the input differential equation. We isolate a class of equations for which detecting nonzero polynomial solutions can be performed in polynomial complexity. We discuss implementation issues and possible extensions.
Bifunctional Gold Nanoshells with a Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide−Silica Core Suitable for Both MR Imaging and Photothermal Therapy (2007)

We describe the synthesis, characterization, and use of hybrid nanoparticles with a superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) core and a gold nanoshell. These multifunctional nanoparticles, designated SPIO-Au nanoshells, displayed superparamagnetic characteristics and a significant absorbance in the near-infrared (NIR) region of the electromagnetic spectrum. In addition, they exhibited high transverse relaxivity, <i>r<sub>2</sub></i> , and a large <i>r<sub>2</sub>/r<sub>1</sub></i> ratio and therefore could be imaged by MRI to obtain T<sub>2</sub>-weighted images. Moreover, SPIO-Au nanoshells showed efficient photo-thermal effect when exposed to NIR light. The use of SPIO-Au nanoshells, with their combination of unique magnetic and optical properties, should enhance the efficacy of nanoshell-mediated photo-thermal therapy by making it possible to direct more nanoparticles to tumors through the application of external magnetic field and by permitting real-time <i>in vivo</i> MRI imaging of the distribution of the nanoparticles before, during, and after photo-thermal therapy.
Intonation, perception, and language. (1967)

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Modern Languages and Linguistics. Thesis. 1966. Ph.D.
Predictive Models for Equipment Fault Detection in the Semiconductor Manufacturing Process (2015)

Semiconductor manufacturing is one of the most technologically and highly complicated manufacturing processes. Traditional machine learning algorithms such as uni-variate and multivariate analyses have long been deployed as a tool for creating predictive model to detect faults. In the past decade major collaborative research projects have been undertaken between fab industries and academia in the areas of predictive modeling. In this paper we review some of these research areas and thus propose machine learning techniques to automatically generate an accurate predictive model to predict equipment faults during the wafer fabrication process of the semiconductor industries. This research paper aims at constructing a decision model to help detecting as quickly as possible any equipment faults in order to maintain high process yields in manufacturing. In this research, we use WEKA tool and R languages for implementing our proposed method and other five machine learning discovery techniques.
An Overview of Current CVT Mechanisms, Forces and Efficiencies (1997)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Usage of CVTs in automotive applications has begun to increase, however because of their relative newness and previous usage in nonautomotive applications, a broad base of technical information on the various types of CVT's does not exist. Most importantly though, no comparison information exists on the different types of configurations.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Currently, there are a number of CVT technologies that have been used in automotive, off-road and industrial applications. This paper will highlight the characteristics, design limitations and efficiencies of the following basic CVT types:&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt; &lt;div class="graphic-wrapper"&gt;&lt;img class="article-image tableFig" src="970688_fig0001.jpg" alt="No Caption Available"/&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Plastic Encapsulated Microcircuits (PEMs) Reliability Guide (2000)

It is reported by some users and has been demonstrated by others via testing and qualification that the quality and reliability of plastic-encapsulated microcircuits (PEMs) manufactured today are excellent in commercial applications and closely equivalent, and in some cases superior to their hemetic counterparts.
Platelet-derived growth factor inhibits basic fibroblast growth factor angiogenic properties in vitro and in vivo through its α receptor (2002)

Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) modulate vascular wall cell function in vitro and angiogenesis in vivo. The aim of the current study was to determine how bovine aorta endothelial cells (BAECs) respond to the simultaneous exposure to PDGF-BB and bFGF. It was found that bFGF-dependent BAEC migration, proliferation, and differentiation into tubelike structures on reconstituted extracellular matrix (Matrigel) were inhibited by PDGF-BB. The role played by PDGF receptor alpha (PDGF-Ralpha) was investigated by selective stimulation with PDGF-AA, by blocking PDGF-BB-binding to PDGF-Ralpha with neomycin, or by transfecting cells with dominant-negative forms of the receptors to selectively impair either PDGF-Ralpha or PDGF-Rbeta function. In all cases, PDGF-Ralpha impairment abolished the inhibitory effect of PDGF-BB on bFGF-directed BAEC migration. In addition, PDGF-Ralpha phosphorylation was increased in the presence of bFGF and PDGF, as compared to PDGF alone, whereas mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation was decreased in the presence of PDGF-BB and bFGF compared with bFGF alone. In vivo experiments showed that PDGF-BB and PDGF-AA inhibited bFGF-induced angiogenesis in vivo in the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane assay and that PDGF-BB inhibited bFGF-induced angiogenesis in Matrigel plugs injected subcutaneously in CD1 mice. Taken together these results show that PDGF inhibits the angiogenic properties of bFGF in vitro and in vivo, likely through PDGF-Ralpha stimulation.
Novel blockade by brefeldin A of intracellular transport of secretory proteins in cultured rat hepatocytes. (1986)

We examined the effect of brefeldin A, an antiviral antibiotic, on protein synthesis, intracellular processing, and secretion in primary culture of rat hepatocytes. The secretion was strongly blocked by the drug at 1 microgram/ml and higher concentrations, while the protein synthesis was maintained fairly well. Pulse-chase experiments with [35S]methionine demonstrated that brefeldin A completely blocked the proteolytic conversion of proalbumin to serum albumin up to 60 min of chase, although its conversion was observed as early as 20 min in the control cells. The drug also inhibited the terminal glycosylation of oligosaccharide chains of alpha 1-protease inhibitor and haptoglobin. These two modifications have been shown to occur at the trans region of the Golgi complex. The drug, however, had no effect on the proteolytic processing of the haptoglobin proform which takes place within the endoplasmic reticulum. Such an effect by brefeldin A is very similar with that induced by the carboxylic ionophore monensin. However, in contrast to evidence that monensin causes a delayed secretion of the unprocessed forms of these proteins, brefeldin A allowed the completely processed forms to be secreted after a prolonged accumulation of the unprocessed forms. Morphological observations demonstrated that the endoplasmic reticulum was markedly dilated by treatment with the drug at 10 micrograms/ml which continuously blocked the secretion. On the other hand, brefeldin A caused no inhibitory effect on the endocytic pathway as judged by cellular uptake and degradation of 125I-asialofetuin. These results indicate that brefeldin A is a unique agent which primarily impedes protein transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi complex by a mechanism different from those considered for other secretion-blocking agents so far reported.
Suppression of opiate withdrawal and cocaine hyperarousal syndromes by buspirone. Possible pharmacotherapeutic applications. (1993)

Buspirone (CAS 36505-84-7) was evaluated in three animal models which were designed to study stages of drug abuse most likely associated with compulsive abuse. Buspirone attenuated abrupt withdrawal in rhesus monkeys maximally-dependent on morphine. In addition, it completely blocked the emergence of cocaine-induced stereotyped behavior in rats and attenuated the hyperarousal or rausch syndrome in morphine-dependent and non-dependent rhesus monkeys. Buspirone was active at doses which caused little, if any, impairment in the animals. The results suggest that buspirone may possibly find application in the pharmacotherapy of opioid and cocaine abuse.