gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In vivo PET Imaging in rat of dopamine terminals reveals functional neural transplants (1998)

Positron emission tomography (PET) and carbon-11-labeled 2B-carbomethoxy-3B-(4-fluorophenyl)tropane (11C-CFT or 11-WIN 35,428) were used as molecular markers for striatal presynaptic dopamine (DA) transporters in a unilateral Parkinson's disease rat neurotransplantation model. In the lesioned striatum, the binding ratio measured by the DA presynaptic marker was reduced to 15% to 35% of the intact side (or unoperated control). After grafting with non-DA cells (from dorsal mesencephalon), the DA binding ratio remained reduced to levels observed before transplantation and rats showed no behavioral recovery. In contrast, after DA neuronal transplantation, behavioral recovery occurred only after the 11C-CFT binding ratio had increased to 75% to 85% of the intact side. This study provides direct in vivo evidence for the dopaminergic molecular basis of functional recovery in the lesioned nigrostriatal system after neural transplantation.
Sigma H-directed transcription of citG in Bacillus subtilis (1989)

The RNA polymerase sigma factor sigma H is essential for the onset of endospore formation in Bacillus subtilis. sigma H also is required for several additional stationary-phase-specific responses, including the normal expression of several genes that are required for the development of competence for DNA uptake. It is necessary to identify the genes that are transcribed by sigma H RNA polymerase (E sigma H) in order to understand the role of this sigma factor during the transition from exponential growth to stationary phase. Feavers et al. (Mol. Gen. Genet. 211:465-471, 1988) proposed that citG, the structural gene for fumarase, is transcribed from two promoters, one of which (citGp2 [P2]) may be used by E sigma H. It is likely that the citGp2 promoter is used by E sigma H because we found that this promoter was used accurately in vitro by E sigma H and directed expression of xylE in vivo. This xylE expression was dependent on spo0H, the structural gene for sigma H, and was independent of the citGp1 promoter. Comparison of the nucleotide sequences of several sigma H-dependent promoters showed that these sequences were similar at two regions approximately 10 and 35 base pairs upstream from the start points of transcription. These sequences may signal recognition of these promoters by E sigma H. Primer extension analyses were used to examine transcription from three sigma H-dependent promoters during growth and sporulation. The citGp2 promoter appeared to be active during the middle and late stages of exponential growth, whereas activation of the spoIIA promoter was delayed until after the end of exponential growth. Evidently, promoters used by E sigma H can display different temporal patterns of expression.
Empirical evaluation of interactive multimodal error correction (2002)

The first commercial dictation systems for continuous speech have become available. Although they generally received positive reviews, error correction is still limited to choosing from a list of alternatives, speaking again or typing. We developed a set of multimodal interactive correction methods which allow the user to switch modality between continuous speech, spelling, handwriting and pen gestures. We integrated these correction methods with our large vocabulary speech recognition system to build a prototypical multimodal listening typewriter. We designed an experiment to empirically evaluate the efficiency of different error correction methods. The experiment compares multimodal correction with methods available in current speech recognition applications. We confirm the hypothesis that switching modality can significantly expedite corrections. However in applications where a keyboard is acceptable, typing correction remains the fastest method to correct errors for users with good typing skills. If the keyboard is not desired, either due to application constraints or user preferences, our multimodal error correction enables state-of-the-art speech recognition technology to deliver keyboard-free text input which beats fast unskilled typing in input speed, including the time necessary to correct errors.
Speaker normalization based on frequency warping (2002)

In speech recognition, speaker-dependence of a speech recognition system comes from speaker-dependence of the speech feature, and the variation of vocal tract shape is the major source of inter-speaker variations of the speech feature, though there are some other sources which also contribute. In this paper, we address the approach of speaker normalization which aims at normalizing speaker's vocal tract length based on frequency warping (FWP). The FWP is implemented in the front-end preprocessing of our speech recognition system. We investigate the formant-based and ML-based FWP in linear and nonlinear warping modes, and compare them in detail. All experimental results are based on our JANUS3 large vocabulary continuous speech recognition system and the Spanish Spontaneous Scheduling Task database (SSST).
OPTIMIZATION OF GROUND CONTROL POINT (GCP) CONFIGURATION FOR UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE (UAV) SURVEY USING STRUCTURE FROM MOTION (SFM) (2019)

Abstract. This research presents a method in assessing the impact of Ground Control Point (GCP) distribution, quantity, and inter-GCP distances on the output Digital Elevation Model (DEM) by utilizing SfM and GIS. The study was carried out in a quarry site to assess the impacts of these parameters on the accuracy of accurate volumetric measurements UAV derivatives. Based on GCP Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and surface checkpoint error (SCE), results showed that the best configuration is the evenly distributed GCP set (1.58 m average RMSE, 1.30 m average SCE). Configurations clumped to edge and distributed to edge follow suit with respective RMSE (SCE) of 2.53 m (2.13 m) and 3.11 m (2.54 m). The clumped to center configuration yielded 6.23 m RMSE and 4.66 m SCE. As the number of GCPs used increase, the RMSE and SCE are observed to decrease consistently for all configurations. Further iteration of the best configuration showed that from RMSE of 4.11 m when 4 GCPs are used, there is a drastic decrease to 0.86 m once 10 GCPs are used. From that quantity, only centimeter differences can be observed until the full set of 24 GCPs have been used with a 0.012 m error. This is reflected in the stockpile measurement when the iteration results are compared to the reference data. The dataset processed with a minimum of 4 GCPs have a 606,991.43 m3 difference, whereas the dataset processed with 23 out of 24 has a 791.12 m3 difference from the reference data. The accuracy of the SfM-based DEM increases with the quantity of the GCPs used with an even distribution.
Artificial Chaperone-assisted Refolding of Citrate Synthase (1998)

The power of genetic engineering methods, along with increasing genomic information, makes heterologous expression of proteins an extremely important biochemical tool. Unfortunately, proteins obtained in this way often are not in their native form, and folding becomes a crucial step in protein production. We have recently developed a strategy that promotes the folding of chemically denatured proteins via the sequential addition of low molecular weight "artificial chaperones." Here we describe in detail the application of this method to porcine heart citrate synthase. Refolding yields of as high as 65% have been achieved. Mechanistic studies indicate that there are significant differences between artificial chaperone-assisted refolding of citrate synthase and artificial chaperone-assisted refolding of two other proteins that have been examined, carbonic anhydrase B (Rozema, D., and Gellman, S. H. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271, 3478-3487) and lysozyme (Rozema, D., and Gellman, S. H. (1996) Biochemistry 35, 15760-15771). The differences among these three test proteins reveal the range of procedural variation that must be considered in the application of the artificial chaperone method to new proteins.
Identification of a 130-kilodalton tyrosine-phosphorylated protein induced by interleukin-11 as JAK2 tyrosine kinase, which associates with gp130 signal transducer. (1994)

Interleukin-11 (IL-11) shares the common signal transducer gp130 with IL-6, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), and oncostatin M (OSM) and triggers activation of unknown tyrosine kinases as the early steps of signal transduction pathway. Here we identify a 130-kilodalton tyrosine-phosphorylated protein induced by IL-11 in 3T3-L1 cells as JAK2 tyrosine kinase. We further show that the in vitro kinase activity of JAK2 is greatly enhanced following stimulation with IL-11 in 3T3-L1 cells and TF-1 cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate that JAK2 physically associates with the signal transducer gp130. Similar results were observed following stimulation with IL-6, LIF, and OSM. However, we were unable to show that JAK1 is tyrosine phosphorylated and activated by IL-11 under identical conditions. These results suggest that JAK2 tyrosine kinase is one of the tyrosine kinases involved in signal transduction mediated by IL-11, IL-6, LIF, and OSM.
Development and Evaluation of a Real-Time PCR Assay for Detection of <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> Carbapenemase Genes (2008)

We developed a novel real-time PCR assay to detect Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemases (KPCs) and used this assay to screen clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae and Klebsiella oxytoca for the presence of bla(KPC) genes. The TaqMan real-time PCR assay amplified a 399-bp product from the bla(KPC) gene. The amplicon was designed so that the genes for isoenzymes KPC-1, -2, and -3 could be easily distinguished by subsequent restriction digestion of the amplicon with the enzymes BstNI and RsaI. The assay was validated with reference strains obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention that contained each of the three described isoenzymes and 69 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing clinical isolates (39 K. pneumoniae and 30 K. oxytoca isolates). Subsequently, the bla(KPC) PCR assay was used to confirm the presence of bla(KPC) genes in any meropenem-resistant Klebsiella spp. The PCR assay detected bla(KPC) in all of the reference strains, in 6 of 7 meropenem-resistant isolates, and in 0 of 62 meropenem-susceptible clinical isolates. The PCR assay was then used to confirm the presence of bla(KPC) in an additional 20 meropenem-resistant isolates from 16 patients. Restriction digestion of the PCR amplicons identified two bla(KPC) gene variants in our patient population: 9 isolates with C and 17 with T at nucleotide 944, consistent with bla(KPC-2) and bla(KPC-3), respectively. The real-time PCR assay is a rapid and accurate method to detect all KPC isoenzymes and was useful in documenting the presence and dissemination of KPC-producing strains in our patient population.
3-D ICs: Motivation, performance analysis, technology and applications (2010)

Interconnect delays, bandwidth and power consumption are increasingly dominating IC performance due to increases in chip size and reduction in the minimum feature size, in spite of new materials like Cu with low-k dielectric. Thereby severely limiting chip performance unless a paradigm shift from present interconnect architecture is introduced. One such promising technique is three-dimensional (3-D) ICs with multiple active Si layers and vertical interconnects. This paper presents a comprehensive review of 3-D ICs with multiple semiconductor layers. It is shown that significant improvement in performance and reduction in wire-limited chip area can be achieved with 3-D ICs if some long horizontal interconnects can be replaced by short vertical inter-layer interconnects. We also address the thermal concerns due to increased power density for 3-D circuits. Finally, an overview of some of the processing techniques which can be used to fabricate these circuits, is reviewed.
Enhanced Extraction Rates through Gap States of Molybdenum Oxide Anode Buffer (2013)

Molybdenum oxide (MoO3) is a promising anode buffer layer (ABL) for high-performance organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices. However, the reasons for the enhanced performances remain unclear. In this work, we show that defect states play an important, if not dominating, role in improving the OPV performances. The changes in both the density of defect states and the work function of MoO3 with annealing are shown and correlated with the OPV device performance. The increased defect densities improve the OPV performance through an enhanced hole extraction rate at the MoO3/organic interface. The reduction in work function, however, reduces the interface field that can possibly lower mobility near the interface and reduce the electron-blocking effect. This plays a role in saturation of the device performance. This work, therefore, shows the importance of the defects in MoO3 as an ABL and a dominance of defect-enhanced extraction over a field-enhanced extraction process.
Endothelin ET<sub>A</sub> and ET<sub>B</sub> receptors mediate vascular smooth muscle contraction (1992)

1. We have investigated the receptors mediating endothelin-induced contraction of rabbit isolated jugular vein (RJV) and rat isolated thoracic aorta (RTA). 2. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) and endothelin-3 (ET-3) contracted RJV preparations with similar potency (EC50 values approximately 1 nM), whereas, ET-1 (EC50:4.5 nM) was approximately 80 fold more potent than ET-3 in contracting RTA. In addition, the ETB receptor-selective agonist [Ala1,3,11,15]ET-1 contracted RJV (EC50:2.1 nM) but not RTA. 3. The ETA receptor antagonist, BQ123, competitively antagonized (pA2 6.93) the contraction of RTA produced by ET-1, but had no effect (at 10 microM) on the contractile effects of either ET-1, ET-3 or [Ala1,3,11,15]ET-1 in RJV. 4. These data suggest that both ETA and ETB receptors can mediate vascular smooth muscle contraction.
Structure elucidation of monatin, a high-intensity sweetener isolated from the plant Schlerochiton ilicifolius (1992)

The structure of monatin, a high-intensity sweetener isolated from Schlerochiton ilicifolius was elucidated by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy as 4-hydroxy-4-(indol-3-ylmethyl)glutamic acid. The 2R*,4R* relative configuration of the two chiral centres in monatin was determined by NOE studies on a derivative, methyl 2-(indol-3-ylmethyl)-4-(2,4-dinitroanilino)-5-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylate. The assignment of the 2S configuration to monatin, through application of the Clough–Lutz–Jirgenson rule, established the 2S,4S configuration for the compound.
Quantifying and Imaging NY-ESO-1/LAGE-1-Derived Epitopes on Tumor Cells Using High Affinity T Cell Receptors (2006)

Presentation of intracellular tumor-associated Ags (TAAs) in the context of HLA class I molecules offers unique cancer-specific cell surface markers for the identification and targeting of tumor cells. For most peptide Ags, the levels of and variations in cell surface presentation remain unknown, yet these parameters are of crucial importance when considering specific TAAs as targets for anticancer therapy. Here we use a soluble TCR with picomolar affinity for the HLA-A2-restricted 157-165 epitope of the NY-ESO-1 and LAGE-1 TAAs to investigate presentation of this immunodominant epitope on the surface of a variety of cancer cells. By single molecule fluorescence microscopy, we directly visualize HLA-peptide presentation for the first time, demonstrating that NY-ESO-1/LAGE-1-positive tumor cells present 10-50 NY-ESO-1/LAGE-1(157-165) epitopes per cell.
&lt;title&gt;Root-mean square error in passive autofocusing and 3D shape recovery&lt;/title&gt; (1997)

Image focus analysis is an important technique for passive autofocusing and 3D shape measurement. Electronic noise in digital images introduces errors in this techniques. It is therefore important to derive robust focus measures that minimize error. In our earlier research, we have developed a method for noise sensitivity analysis of focus measures. In this paper we derive explicit expressions for the root-mean square (RMS) error in autofocusing based on image focus analysis. This is motivated by the autofocusing uncertainty measure (AUM) defined earlier by us as a metric for comparing the noise sensitivity of different focus measures in autofocusing and 3D shape-from-focus. The RMS error we derive by us has the same advantage as AUM in that it can be computed in only one trial of autofocusing. We validate our theory on RMS error and AUM through experiments. It is shown that the theoretically estimated and experimentally measured values of the standard deviation of a set of focus measures are in agreement. Our results are based on a theoretical noise sensitivity analysis of focus measures, and they show that for a given camera the optimally accurate focus measure may change from one object to the other depending on their focused images.
Green electroluminescence from an ionic iridium complex (2005)

We report green emission from a single-layer device based on the ionic transition metal complex [Ir(F-mppy)2(dtb-bpy)]+(PF6−), where F-mppy is 2-(4′-fluorophenyl)-5-methylpyridine and dtb-bpy is 4,4′-di-tert-butyl-2,2′bipyridine. External quantum efficiencies of up to 1.1% are achieved with air-stable contacts, and up to 1.8% with a CsF∕Al top contact. Addition of the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate was found to improve the device response time and cause a bias-dependent shift in the emission spectrum. As a result, electroluminescence was observed at 531 nm (CIE coordinates: 0.3230 and 0.5886), the lowest wavelength reported to date for a device based on ionic transition metal complexes.
Duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) particles produced by transient expression of DHBV DNA in a human hepatoma cell line are infectious in vitro (1988)

Transfection of the human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HuH7 with a plasmid containing a tandem copy of the duck hepatitis B virus DNA sequence resulted in transient replication of the virus. Viral particles secreted by transfected HuH7 cells exhibited physical properties similar to those of serum-derived duck hepatitis B virus and were infectious in primary duck hepatocyte cultures.
Unsupervised Representation Learning by Sorting Sequences (2017)

We present an unsupervised representation learning approach using videos without semantic labels. We leverage the temporal coherence as a supervisory signal by formulating representation learning as a sequence sorting task. We take temporally shuffled frames (i.e., in non-chronological order) as inputs and train a convolutional neural network to sort the shuffled sequences. Similar to comparison-based sorting algorithms, we propose to extract features from all frame pairs and aggregate them to predict the correct order. As sorting shuffled image sequence requires an understanding of the statistical temporal structure of images, training with such a proxy task allows us to learn rich and generalizable visual representation. We validate the effectiveness of the learned representation using our method as pre-training on high-level recognition problems. The experimental results show that our method compares favorably against state-of-the-art methods on action recognition, image classification and object detection tasks.
Effects of porcine plasmin on the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems in humans (1978)

Pig plasmin (Lysofibrin) was given to 11 patients with phlebographically verified venous thrombosis, 2 of whom were treated two and three times, respectively. The effect on coagulation and fibrinolytic parameters was studied. The platelet count, Owren's P&amp;P (prothrombin plus factors VII and X), plasminogen, factor XIII, and antithrombin III did not change during the treatment. All patients developed a proteolytic activity demonstrable on both unheated and heated fibrin plates. The fibrinogen decreased successively to very low levels, and parallel to this an increase in fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products was found. The factor VIII and factor V activities decreased immediately after each Lysofibrin infusion but normalized rapidly again. The factor VIII molecule, however, retained its reactivity to rabbit antiserum against factor VIII. Immediately after the plasmin infusion a decrease of both alpha2-macroglobulin (alpha2-M) and the rapidly reacting alpha2-antiplasmin was observed. alpha2-M decreased successively and in several of the patients values were unmeasurable for a period of some days. A complex formation between pig plasmin and the alpha2-antiplasmin was demonstrated in crossed immunoelectrophoresis. The complexes were rapidly cleared from the circulation. No interaction between the pig plasmin and the inhibitor of the plasminogen activation, alpha1-antitrypsin or inter-alpha- inhibitor, was found.
Effects of dissolved oxygen shock on the stability of recombinant <i>Escherichia coli</i> containing plasmid pKN401 (1987)

The effect of dissolved oxygen shock on the stability of recombinant Escherichia coli cells containing plasmid pKN401 was investigated. The recombinant cells were stable in control batch experiments in media with and without ampicillin. However, these recombinant cells were highly unstable under conditions where a dissolved oxygen shock was induced. The results have implications for design of aerated reactors for recombinant cells.
Increased cell membrane arachidonic acid in experimental colorectal tumours. (1991)

Tumour cell membrane fatty acid composition was investigated using an animal model of colorectal carcinogenesis. Eighty six male Wistar rats were fed experimental diets containing either 5% saturated fat or 20% saturated fat. Colorectal tumours were induced by intraperitoneal injection of azoxymethane, and control rats received saline. Animals were killed at intervals up to 26 weeks after the last injection of carcinogen for histology and lipid analysis. Cell membrane fatty acids in colonic mucosa and colorectal tumours were determined by gas liquid chromatography. Animals fed the 20% fat diet developed more carcinomas (28 cancers in 14 rats) than those fed the 5% fat diet (14 cancers in 15 rats; chi 2 = 8.03, p = 0.0046) but they did not develop significantly more adenomas (28 and 24 respectively). Cell membrane fatty acid analysis showed a considerable increase in the content of arachidonic acid (20:4, n-6) in the tumours (mean (SEM) 11.7 (1.5)%) compared with colonic mucosa (4.2 (0.4)%; p less than 0.05). Dietary fatty acid composition was also found to influence the profile of fatty acids in the colonic mucosa. This study suggests that a high saturated fat diet promotes the malignant transformation of colorectal adenomas. The colorectal tumours were characterised by an increased cell membrane arachidonic acid, the precursor of putative cancer promoting prostaglandins.
Effect of Acupuncture Different Points on Unstable Bladder (2003)

Purpose To observe the effect of acupuncturing different points on unstable bladder. Method Fifty-one patients of unstable bladder were divided randomly into Shu-point group, Mu-point group, He-point group,observe the change of symptom score and urodynamics.Results Puncturing these points can improve the symptom score and urodynamics, but the different points can get different effect, and the effect of Sbu-point and Hepoint is superior to that of Mu-point, Conclusion The different points of bladder have different adjusting function and that function relates with nerves locating in points.