gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A low-leakage SCR design using trigger-PMOS modulations for ESD protection (2007)

A low-leakage SCR design using trigger-PMOS modulations is proposed for ESD protection. By using the SCR design, a leakage current less than 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-13</sup> A was achieved together with a trigger voltage, V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t1</inf> =1.8V, and ESD performances 5.5kV HBM and 300V MM or over in our 65nm CMOS technology. This design concept can be used for wide applications by changing the structure of the trigger-PMOS.
<scp>l</scp>-Glutamate as a Central Neurotransmitter: Looking Back (2000)

The high concentration in brain of unbound l-glutamic acid (in its anionic form, l-glutamate) fuelled considerable speculation as to its role in central nervous function more than 50 years ago. Claims in the 1940s that it could improve cognitive acuity in patients with mental impairment were particularly intriguing, though later refuted. In the early 1950s Hayashi [(1954) Keio J. Med. 3, 183-192] found that l-glutamate could cause convulsions and proposed that it might be a central synaptic transmitter. Soon thereafter, Curtis and colleagues [Curtis, Phillis and Watkins (1959) Nature (London) 183, 611] showed that l-glutamate depolarized and excited central neurons, as expected for an excitatory transmitter; however, various aspects of the action of l-glutamate seemed to argue strongly against a transmitter function. This negative view prevailed for some 20 years, before compelling evidence for such a role was adduced. Over the last two decades, extensive research has revealed a host of glutamate receptor subtypes, subserving several different functions in excitatory synaptic transmission. This paper gives a very brief and personal overview of the development of the field over the last 50 years from a mainly pharmacological standpoint.
Mobility Labeling for Parallel CID of Ion Mixtures (2000)

An ion mobility/mass spectrometry technique has been developed to record collision-induced dissociation patterns for multiple ions in a parallel fashion. In this approach, a mixture of ions is separated in a drift tube on the basis of differences in mobilities through a buffer gas. As the ions exit the drift tube, they are accelerated into a collision cell and the ensuing fragment ions are dispersed by differences in mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios in a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Fragment ions that are formed in the collision cell have drift times that are coincident with their antecedent parent ions, allowing the origin of all fragments formed from the mixture of ions to be determined. The approach is demonstrated by examining fragmentation patterns of the [M + H]+ parent and a series of a-, b-, and y-type fragments of [D-Ala2,3]methionine enkephalin.
Lineage-driven Fault Injection (2015)

In large-scale data management systems, failure is practically a certainty. Fault-tolerant protocols and components are notoriously difficult to implement and debug. Worse still, choosing existing fault-tolerance mechanisms and integrating them correctly into complex systems remains an art form, and programmers have few tools to assist them.
Nutrition and eating difficulties in hospitalised older adults (2008)

This article reviews the relationship between ageing and nutrition. The vulnerability of older adults to nutritional decline may be both a cause and an effect of illness. Undernutrition impairs functional ability and quality of life and markedly increases the costs of care. Since the number of older people in the population is increasing rapidly, this is a matter of considerable concern. The problems that may arise following hospitalisation are discussed, showing the importance of effective nutritional screening following admission. Ways of enhancing food consumption are considered highlighting practical actions that may help to promote intake. Specific eating difficulties that impair intake are examined and suggestions provided as to how they can be overcome. The article shows how, with thought and a structured approach, nurses can ensure that appropriate action is taken to meet the individual nutritional needs of older adults.
The human loricrin gene. (1992)

Loricrin is the major protein component of the cornified cell envelope of terminally differentiated mammalian epidermal (stratum corneum) cells. Using a specific human cDNA clone, we have isolated and characterized the human loricrin gene. We show that it has a very simple structure of a single intron of 1188 base pairs (bp) in the 5'-untranslated region; there are no introns in coding sequences. By use of rodent-human somatic cell hybrids, followed by in situ hybridization with a biotin-labeled genomic DNA clone, the single-copy gene maps to chromosome location 1q21. Polymerase chain reaction analyses of genomic DNAs from different individuals show that human loricrin consists of two allelic size variants, due to sequence variations in its second glycine loop domain, and these variants segregate in the human population by normal Mendelian mechanisms. Furthermore, there are multiple sequence variants within these two size class alleles due to various deletions of 12 bp (4 amino acids) in the major loop of this glycine loop domain. By use of a specific loricrin antibody, we show by immunogold electron microscopy that loricrin initially appears in the granular layer of human epidermis and forms composite keratohyalin granules with profilaggrin, but localizes to the cell periphery (cell envelope) of fully differentiated stratum corneum cells.
Wideband Radiating Ground Plane with Notches (2005)

Self-resonant notch antennas, fabricated using microstrip technology are very compact structures. Typically, notch antennas consist of a quarter wavelength slot cut on the edge of a semi-infinite ground plane; they are fed from a coaxial cable without the need of any balancing system. However, when a notch is cut on a finite ground plane of resonant dimensions, the shape and size of the ground plane affect the performance of the notch antenna significantly. It can be demonstrated that the interaction between the resonances of the notch and the ground plane results in a filtering effect at some frequencies. The paper uses the theory of characteristic modes to perform a modal analysis of different configurations of notch antennas on a finite ground plane. By means of this theory, the current on the surface of the antenna is expressed as a sum of real, and orthogonal, eigencurrents, that are known as characteristic modes. The filtering effect due to the interaction of the resonances can be explained with the information provided by the current distribution of the modes and their associated eigenvalues. Using a double notched radiating ground plane with two feed points, the filtering effect is reduced, and the matching is improved.
Changes in intracellular calcium concentration and pH of target cells during the cytotoxic process: A quantitative study at the single cell level (1995)

This study reports on the changes in intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]in) and intracellular pH ([pH]in) that occur in K562 target cells during interaction with human Natural Killer (NK) cells. The data were obtained using a quantitative fluorescence microscope and fluorescent ratio probes specific for [Ca2+]in (Fura-2-AM) and [pH]in (BCECF-AM). Results demonstrate that two types of target cell response to the attack by an NK cell can be distinguished. The target cell either dies immediately, due to the complete breakdown of the membrane impermeability, or the initial membrane damage (i.e., increased membrane permeability) is repaired and the cell "escapes" immediate death. During both responses an increase of [Ca2+]in takes place in the target cells. In the cells that die immediately, however, [Ca2+]in reaches higher levels (approximately 1,400 nM) than in the cells that restore the initial damage (approximately 700 nM). Changes in target cell [pH]in are also detected during both responses. The direction of the change (acidification or alkalinization) as well as the level of the change depend on extracellular pH ([pH]ex). Also, [pH]in remains changed during the time the cells were followed (10 min). The programming time (i.e., the time from the initiation of the cytotoxic process to the time that a change in the physiological parameter was detected) of the killing process that leads to an immediate target cell death appears to be shortest at [pH]ex 7.3-7.6 (approximately 3 min).
Online Games and Security (2007)

Online games have taken the computer world by storm. Gaming has always been (and remains) a prime driver of PC technology, with deep penetration into the consumer market. Online games especially massively multi-player online role-playing games (MMORPGs) suffer from such security problems. In this short introduction to MMORPG security, we focus on bugs involving time and state. MMORPGs are made of very sophisticated software built around a massively distributed client-server architecture.
PGC-1α Rescues Huntington’s Disease Proteotoxicity by Preventing Oxidative Stress and Promoting TFEB Function (2012)

Huntington's disease (HD) is caused by CAG repeat expansions in the huntingtin (htt) gene, yielding proteins containing polyglutamine repeats that become misfolded and resist degradation. Previous studies demonstrated that mutant htt interferes with transcriptional programs coordinated by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), a regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative stress. We tested whether restoration of PGC-1α could ameliorate the symptoms of HD in a mouse model. We found that PGC-1α induction virtually eliminated htt protein aggregation and ameliorated HD neurodegeneration in part by attenuating oxidative stress. PGC-1α promoted htt turnover and the elimination of protein aggregates by activating transcription factor EB (TFEB), a master regulator of the autophagy-lysosome pathway. TFEB alone was capable of reducing htt aggregation and neurotoxicity, placing PGC-1α upstream of TFEB and identifying these two molecules as important therapeutic targets in HD and potentially other neurodegenerative disorders caused by protein misfolding.
People-LDA: Anchoring Topics to People using Face Recognition (2007)

Topic models have recently emerged as powerful tools for modeling topical trends in documents. Often the resulting topics are broad and generic, associating large groups of people and issues that are loosely related. In many cases, it may be desirable to influence the direction in which topic models develop. In this paper, we explore the idea of centering topics around people. In particular, given a large corpus of images featuring collections of people and associated captions, it seems natural to extract topics specifically focussed on each person. What words are most associated with George Bush? Which with Condoleezza Rice? Since people play such an important role in life, it is natural to anchor one topic to each person. In this paper, we present People-LDA, which uses the coherence efface images in news captions to guide the development of topics. In particular, we show how topics can be refined to be more closely related to a single person (like George Bush) rather than describing groups of people in a related area (like politics). To do this we introduce a new graphical model that tightly couples images and captions through a modern face recognizer. In addition to producing topics that are people specific (using images as a guiding force), the model also performs excellent soft clustering efface images, using the language model to boost performance. We present a variety of experiments comparing our method to recent developments in topic modeling and joint image-language modeling, showing that our model has lower perplexity for face identification than competing models and produces more refined topics.
Differential Biochemical and Cellular Actions of Premarin Estrogens: Distinct Pharmacology of Bazedoxifene-Conjugated Estrogens Combination (2008)

The use of estrogen-based therapies and the selective estrogen receptor (ER) modulator (SERM), raloxifene, which are approved for postmenopausal osteoporosis, is associated with side effects such as uterine/breast hyperproliferation, thromboembolism, and hot flashes. A combination of a new SERM, bazedoxifene (BZA), and Premarin (conjugated estrogens; CE) is under investigation to mitigate the estrogen/SERM side effects with promising results in Phase III clinical trials. To explore the mechanism of BZA/CE action, we investigated the recruitment of cofactor peptides to ERalpha by components of CE and a mixture containing the 10 major components of CE with or without three different SERMs. Here, we demonstrate differential recruitment of cofactor peptides to ERalpha by the individual CE components using a multiplex nuclear receptor-cofactor peptide interaction assay. We show that estrone and equilin are partial agonists in comparison with 17beta-estradiol in recruiting cofactor peptides to ERalpha. Further, CE was more potent than 17beta-estradiol in mediating ERalpha interaction with cofactor peptides. Interestingly, BZA was less potent than other SERMs in antagonizing the CE-mediated cofactor peptide recruitment to ERalpha. Finally, in accordance with these biochemical findings, 17beta-estradiol and CE, as well as SERM/CE combinations, showed differential gene regulation patterns in MCF-7 cells. In addition, BZA showed antagonism of a unique set of CE-regulated genes and did not down-regulate the expression of a number of CE-regulated genes, the expression of which was effectively antagonized by the other two SERMs. These results indicate that SERMs in combination with CE exhibit differential pharmacology, and therefore, combinations of other SERMs and estrogen preparations may not yield the same beneficial effects that are observed in clinic by pairing BZA with CE.
A Plaque Reduction Test for Dengue Virus Neutralizing Antibodies (1967)

Summary A technique for performing a plaque reduction test for dengue virus neutralizing antibody is described. Experiments designed to test the accuracy of the antibody measurement are presented and analysed by the method for a parallel line graded response assay. Statistical analysis indicates a high degree of accuracy, and the relative merits of this type of test for dengue neutralizing antibody are discussed.
Combined X-ray diffraction and kinetic depth effect imaging (2011)

In this preliminary study we present a depth resolved transmission image sequence of an object combined with the materials discriminating ability of angular dispersive X-ray diffraction. Volumes within the object giving rise to diffraction patterns matched to a library of specific materials have been encoded visually within the images. The intensity of these highlighted areas has been weighted based on the certainty of the match. Both the theory and experimental proof of principle have been demonstrated. Considerations pertaining to a "scaled up" version of this technique are also discussed.
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Activation Produces Extrapyramidal Motor System Activation That Is Mediated by Striatal Dopamine (1992)

Little is known about the in vivo function of the GTP-binding protein-coupled "metabotropic" excitatory amino acid (EAA) receptor. In vitro studies on agonist-induced brain phosphoinositide hydrolysis have shown that (1S,3R)-1-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid is a highly selective and efficacious metabotropic EAA agonist. We have recently reported that in vivo unilateral intrastriatal injection of (1S,3R)-1-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid induces transient extrapyramidal motor activation that manifests itself as contralateral turning. In this study, we fully characterized the onset of turning behavior following intrastriatal (1S,3R)-1-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid injection and the possible involvement of striatal dopamine neurons in the mediation of this effect. Rats were anesthetized with the short-acting agent halothane to allow for rapid surgical recovery and thus early behavioral measurements. Intrastriatal (1S,3R)-1-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid (1 mumol/2 microliters) produced an incremental increase in contralateral turning starting at 1 h and plateauing 3-6 h after injection (peak effect, 39.1 +/- 6.7 rotations per 5 min). Dopamine depletion with alpha-methyl-DL-p-tyrosine (250 mg/kg i.p., 80% depletion) resulted in greater than 85% inhibition of (1S,3R)-1-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid-induced contralateral turning. The dopamine antagonist haloperidol (0.3 mg/kg i.p.) produced 48% inhibition of the (1S,3R)-1-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid response. In time course studies, turning behavior correlated with increases in levels of the dopamine metabolites 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanillic acid. These results suggest a functional interaction between the metabotropic EAA receptor and the dopaminergic system in the striatum.
RNA sequence analysis using covariance models (1994)

We describe a general approach to several RNA sequence analysis problems using probabilistic models that flexibly describe the secondary structure and primary sequence consensus of an RNA sequence family. We call these models 'covariance models'. A covariance model of tRNA sequences is an extremely sensitive and discriminative tool for searching for additional tRNAs and tRNA-related sequences in sequence databases. A model can be built automatically from an existing sequence alignment. We also describe an algorithm for learning a model and hence a consensus secondary structure from initially unaligned example sequences and no prior structural information. Models trained on unaligned tRNA examples correctly predict tRNA secondary structure and produce high-quality multiple alignments. The approach may be applied to any family of small RNA sequences.
Advanced DFM applications using design-based metrology on CD SEM (2006)

Design Based Metrology (DBM) implements a novel automation flow, which allows for a direct and traceable correspondence to be established between selected locations in product designs and matching metrology locations on silicon wafers. Thus DBM constitutes the fundamental enabler of Design For Manufacturability (DFM), because of its intrinsic ability to characterize and quantify the discrepancy between design layout intent and actual patterns on silicon. The evolution of the CDSEM into a DFM tool, capable of measuring thousands of unique sites, includes 3 essential functionalities: (1) seamless integration with design layout and locations coordinate system; (2) new design-based pattern recognition and (3) fully automated recipe generation. Additionally advanced SEM metrology algorithms are required for complex 2-dimensional features, Line-Edge-Roughness (LER), etc. In this paper, we consider the overall DBM flow, its integration with traditional CDSEM metrology and the state-of-the-art in recipe automation success. We also investigate advanced DFM applications, specifically enabled by DBM, particularly for OPC model calibration and verification, design-driven RET development and parametric Design Rule evaluation and selection.
Bleeding Detection in Retinal Images Using Image Processing (2018)

In this work, different algorithms for automatic detection of bleeding in the retina are investigated. Bleeding from retinal structures is an important indicator of various diseases in many individuals. Diabetes, hypertension, etc. diseases can easily be detected from the blood vessels in the retinal images. The bleedings to be detected in the retinal images taken with the fundus camera play an important role in determining the diabetes mellitus and the ability to see it in the later stages of the disease. Today, with the developing technologies, diagnosis and treatment of diseases are accelerating. In this work, developing image processing technologies with different algorithms are considered. In this study, different algorithms which have been applied in different studies have been combined and more advanced algorithms have been used to determine and decide the best method and the best result is. i.e. the best algorithm. As a result of the work done, the suggested method best method has been successful in the algorithms developed on the green channel.
C-C chemokine-induced eosinophil chemotaxis during allergic airway inflammation (1996)

The production of eosinophil-specific chemotactic factors during allergic airway responses may be a pivotal event resulting in eosinophil accumulation, activation, and airway damage. Recent studies have identified specific chemokines that may play crucial roles in recruitment of eosinophils to the site of allergic reactions. In this study we have utilized an established model of schistosome egg antigen (SEA) -mediated allergic responses to examine the role of specific C-C chemokines [macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha), RANTES, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1)] in eosinophil recruitment. We have previously identified a role for MIP-1alpha in eosinophil accumulation in the lung and airway during allergic airway inflammation. We extend those studies using in vitro eosinophil chemotaxis to establish that both MIP-1alpha and RANTES are potent eosinophil chemotactic factors in lungs during allergic airway responses. Morphometric analysis demonstrated a peribronchial accumulation of eosinophils within the lungs beginning at 8 h, peaking at 24 h, and plateauing at 48-96 h after allergen (SEA) challenge. Utilizing whole-lung homogenates from allergen-challenged mice, in vitro eosinophil chemotactic assays demonstrated significant increases in eosinophil chemotactic activity with 8-h lung homogenates and peak activity with samples from 24-h lung homogenates. These data correlated with the morphometric analysis of peribronchial eosinophil accumulation in situ. When lung homogenates from allergen-challenged mice were preincubated in vitro with antibodies specific for MIP-1alpha, RANTES, or MCP-1, a significant reduction in eosinophil chemotaxis was observed with only MIP-1alpha and RANTES neutralization. Altogether, these studies indicate that RANTES and MIP-1alpha are major eosinophil chemotactic factors produced during allergic airway responses.
Gas Phase Reaction of Sulfur Trioxide with Water Vapor (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGas Phase Reaction of Sulfur Trioxide with Water VaporC. E. Kolb, J. T. Jayne, D. R. Worsnop, M. J. Molina, R. F. Meads, and A. A. ViggianoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 22, 10314–10315Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00101a067https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00101a067research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1292Altmetric-Citations163LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts