gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Both Microtubules and Actin Filaments Are Required for Efficient Postendocytotic Traffic of the Polymeric Immunoglobulin Receptor in Polarized Madin-Darby Canine Kidney Cells (1997)

It has been postulated that membrane traffic in polarized epithelial cells requires both actin filaments and microtubules. We have tested this hypothesis by analyzing the effect of cytochalasin D (cytoD; an actin-disrupting agent), by itself or in combination with nocodazole (a microtubule depolymerizing agent), on postendocytic traffic in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. CytoD treatment inhibited basolateral to apical transcytosis of IgA in polymeric immunoglobulin receptor-expressing cells by approximately 45%, but had little effect on basolateral recycling of transferrin. Apical recycling of IgA was also inhibited by approximately 20%. Like nocodazole, cytoD acted at an early step in transcytosis, and inhibited translocation of IgA between the basolateral early endosomes and the apical recycling endosome. There was little inhibition of the subsequent release of IgA from the apical recycling endosome of cytoD- or nocodazole-treated cells. Order-of-addition experiments suggest that the cytoD-sensitive step preceded the nocodazole-sensitive step. Treatment with both cytoD and nocodazole inhibited transcytosis 95%. These results suggest that in addition to microtubules, efficient postendocytic traffic in polarized epithelial cells also requires actin filaments.
Application Rate Adaptation for Mobile Streaming (2005)

As the adoption of 2.5G and 3G systems grows, multimedia streaming is one of the services that operators will increasingly seek to provide. The multimedia streaming solutions that have successfully been deployed commercially on the Internet in the past are all based on proprietary technologies. However, existing streaming applications need to be considerably rethought to work well over wireless. The 3GPP standardization body has standardized streaming services for Release 4, 5 and 6 specifications. The Release 6 advanced streaming service overcomes the technical challenges posed by wireless and best effort networks. A standard solution for advanced multimedia streaming will ultimately drive adoption by operators and users. The paper describes the solution standardized in 3GPP(2) for adaptive streaming.
Expanded Tetrahedral Molecules from 1,3,5,7-Tetraphenyladamantane (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTExpanded Tetrahedral Molecules from 1,3,5,7-TetraphenyladamantaneVeronica R. Reichert and Lon J. MathiasCite this: Macromolecules 1994, 27, 24, 7015–7023Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00102a002RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1998Altmetric-Citations81LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Truncated Octahedral Pt<sub>3</sub>Ni Oxygen Reduction Reaction Electrocatalysts (2010)

This communication describes the preparation of carbon-supported truncated-octahedral Pt(3)Ni nanoparticle catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction. Besides the composition, size, and shape controls, this work develops a new butylamine-based surface treatment approach for removing the long-alkane-chain capping agents used in the solution-phase synthesis. These Pt(3)Ni catalysts can have an area-specific activity as high as 850 muA/cm(2)(Pt) at 0.9 V, which is approximately 4 times better than the commercial Pt/C catalyst ( approximately 0.2 mA/cm(2)(Pt) at 0.9 V). The mass activity reached 0.53 A/mg(Pt) at 0.9 V, which is close to a factor of 4 increase in mass activity, the threshold value that allows fuel-cell power trains to become cost-competitive with their internal-combustion counterparts. Our results also show that the mass activities of these carbon-supported Pt(3)Ni nanoparticle catalysts strongly depend on the (111) surface fraction, which validates the results of studies based on Pt(3)Ni extended-single-crystal surfaces, suggesting that further development of catalysts with still higher mass activities is highly plausible.
Frequency-domain adaptive filtering revisited, generalization to the multi-channel case, and application to acoustic echo cancellation (2002)

We derive a new frequency-domain adaptive algorithm by using a frequency-domain recursive least squares criterion, minimizing an error signal in the frequency-domain. We then derive an exact adaptive algorithm from the so-called normal equation. It is shown that the obtained algorithm is complex to implement, and to reduce the complexity we need to remove a constraint resulting in the unconstrained frequency-domain LMS (UFLMS) algorithm. Most importantly, we generalize all this to the multi-channel case, thereby exploiting the cross-power spectra among all the channels which is very important (for a fast convergence rate) in multichannel acoustic echo cancellation (AEC), where the input signals are highly correlated.
The structurally diverse intergenic regions of respiratory syncytial virus do not modulate sequential transcription by a dicistronic minigenome (1996)

The first nine genes of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), a nonsegmented negative-strand RNA virus, are separated by intergenic regions which range in size from 1 to 52 nucleotides for strain A2 and lack obvious consensus elements except that each ends in an A (genome sense). Their significance for gene expression was investigated by using RSV-CAT-LUC RNA, a helper-dependent cDNA-encoded dicistronic analog of RSV genomic RNA in which the viral genes were replaced by a negative-sense copy of the translational open reading frame (ORF) encoding chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) as the upstream, leader-proximal gene and that encoding luciferase (LUC) as the downstream gene. These foreign ORFs were flanked by the RSV gene-start (GS) and gene-end (GE) transcription signals and separated by the naturally occurring G/F intergenic region. The RSV-CAT-LUC minigenome was synthesized in vitro and transfected into RSV-infected cells, and synthesis of the CAT and LUC mRNAs was monitored by enzyme assay and Northern (RNA) blot hybridization. Surprisingly, substitution of each of the other naturally occurring RSV intergenic regions in turn did not significantly alter the absolute or relative amounts of the two mRNAs. Substitution of a nonnatural 10-nucleotide intergenic region, or elimination of the intergenic region altogether, also had little effect on the level of expression of the two genes. Four of the minigenome variants containing naturally occurring intergenic regions were modified further by replacing part of the LUC ORF with a second copy of the CAT ORF, so that each of the two mRNAs would hybridize equally with a CAT-specific probe and their relative molar amounts could be determined. The level of expression of the downstream gene was 0.30 to 0.36 that of the upstream one. This determined the magnitude of RSV transcriptional polarity across a gene pair and confirmed that this value was very similar among the various intergenic regions. Minigenome transcription also yielded a CAT-LUC readthrough mRNA at a level 0.10 to 0.13 that of the LUC mRNA. In summary, the structurally diverse RSV intergenic regions do not appear to play a role in modulating RSV gene expression.
A Concise Formal Synthesis of Unnatural (+)-Aphanorphine from (2<i>S</i>,4<i>R</i>)-4-Hydroxyproline (2006)

(-)-Aphanorphine methyl ether was synthesized in ten steps from commercially available (2S,4R)-4-hydroxyproline, ­featuring the C-2 configuration inversion of an intermediate amide and intramolecular Friedel-Crafts reaction. The present work ­constitutes a formal synthesis of unnatural (+)-aphanorphine.
Expression analysis of MAC30 in human pancreatic cancer and tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. (2004)

Meningioma-associated protein, MAC30, is a protein with unknown function and cellular localization that is differentially expressed in certain malignancies. In the present study, the expression of MAC30 in a variety of normal and cancerous human gastrointestinal tissues, with special emphasis on pancreatic tissues was analyzed. Quantitative RT-PCR was utilized to compare MAC30 expression levels. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry were carried out to localize MAC30 mRNA and protein expression in normal and cancerous tissue samples of the esophagus, stomach, colon and pancreas. Furthermore, the effects of TGF-beta on the transcription of MAC30 mRNA were examined in pancreatic cancer cells. MAC30 mRNA was expressed in a wide variety of normal human tissues, being most abundant in testicular and gastric tissue samples. MAC30 mRNA levels were significantly increased in breast and colon cancer, but significantly decreased in pancreatic and renal cancer. TGF-beta down-regulated MAC30 mRNA levels in certain pancreatic cancer cells. MAC30 protein was localized in normal pancreatic tissues, mainly in acinar and islet cells, and in normal colon, gastric and esophageal tissues especially in the mucosal cells. MAC30 was strongly present in tubular complexes in pancreatic cancer tissues but weak to absent in pancreatic cancer cells of primary tumors and metastases. In contrast, esophageal, gastric and colon tumors displayed strong MAC30 immunoreactivity in the cancer cells. In conclusion, MAC30 is expressed in various normal and diseased human tissues. MAC30 up-regulation in certain tumors and down-regulation in others suggests that this protein plays a distinct role in human malignancies.
Physics-Based Animation of a Trotting Horse in a Virtual Environment (2006)

In this paper we describe the implementation of a physics-based animation of a trotting horse in real-time. The horse is modelled as a collection of connected bodies using the open dynamics engine library to simulate gravity. The animation is created by comparing the current state of the horse with a desired state and applying torques proportionally to the errors present between the two. The desired state is obtained from frames of video footage of a trotting horse. P-controllers are used to minimise the error between current and desired angle positions as well as global positioning and orientation of the horse's trajectory. Results show realistic movement patterns as compared to the video footage and realistic ground reaction force patterns of each individual leg.
Biosynthesis of carotenoids and plant triterpenes. The fifth ciba medal lecture (1971)

Research Article| July 01 1971 Biosynthesis of carotenoids and plant triterpenes. The fifth ciba medal lecture T W Goodwin T W Goodwin 1Delivered at a Meeting of the Biochemical Society on 16 October 1970 at the Royal College of Surgeons of England, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3PN, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1971) 123 (3): 293–329. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj1230293 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation T W Goodwin; Biosynthesis of carotenoids and plant triterpenes. The fifth ciba medal lecture. Biochem J 1 July 1971; 123 (3): 293–329. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj1230293 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1971 The Biochemical Society1971 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
The Seneca Village Archaeological Excavations, Summer 2011 (2011)

This summer, the Institute for the Exploration of Seneca Village History conducted archaeological excavations at Seneca Village, the 19th century community located in today's Central Park.Founded in the 1820s by African Americans, by 1855 the village was a thriving community with a population of over 260, three churches, and a school.Approximately twothirds of those who lived there were of African descent, mostly middle class, while the remainder were Europeans, mostly Irish.In the 1850s, the City decided to construct Central Park in an area that included Seneca Village; it took the land through the right of eminent domain, evicted the residents, and razed their homes for the creation of the Park.Although landowners were compensated for their loss, many felt the compensation was inadequate, and renters of course received nothing at all.
Basic fibroblast growth factor increases retroviral-mediated gene transfer into human hematopoietic peripheral blood progenitor cells. (1994)

Retroviral vector-mediated gene transfer into human hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) may permit gene therapy of certain genetic diseases. Stimulation of HSC with hematopoietic growth factors (GF) has been shown to increase the level of retroviral transduction. We have studied the effect of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), alone and in combination with other GFs, on the efficiency of transfer of the bacterial neomycin phosphotransferase (neoR) gene into human CD34(+)-enriched peripheral blood hematopoietic progenitor cells. The combination of bFGF, interleukin-3 (IL-3), IL-6, and stem cell factor (SCF) resulted in a transduction efficiency of 37 and 35% for G418-resistant colony-forming units-granulocyte/macrophage (CFU-GM) and mixed colonies multipotent colony-forming units (CFU-GEMM), respectively, which was significantly higher than the corresponding figures obtained with IL-3, IL-6, and SCF. The optimal concentration of bFGF was between 20 and 200 ng/mL. bFGF alone had no effect on the transduction rate. These results indicated a synergism in the action of bFGF, IL-3, IL-6, and SCF to enhance gene transduction rates into human hematopoietic progenitor cells.
Compensation and interaction between RISBZ1 and RPBF during grain filling in rice (2009)

The rice (Oryza sativa L.) basic leucine Zipper factor RISBZ1 and rice prolamin box binding factor (RPBF) are transcriptional activators of rice seed storage protein (SSP) genes in vivo. To ascertain the functions of these trans-activators in seed development, knock-down (KD) transgenic rice plants were generated in which the accumulation of RISBZ1 and RPBF was reduced in an endosperm-specific manner by co-suppression (KD-RISBZ1 and KD-RPBF). The accumulation of most SSPs changed little between individual KD mutants and wild-type plants, whereas a double KD mutant (KD-RISBZ1/KD-RPBF) resulted in a significant reduction of most SSP gene expression and accumulation. The reduction of both trans-activators also caused a greater reduction in seed starch accumulation than individual KD mutants. Storage lipids were accumulated at reduced levels in KD-RISBZ1 and KD-RISBZ1/KD-RPBF seeds. KD-RPBF and KD-RISBZ1/KD-RPBF seeds exhibited multi-layered aleurone cells. Gene expression of DEFECTIVE KERNEL1 (OsDEK1), CRINKLY4 (OsCR4) and SUPERNUMERARY ALEURONE LAYER 1 (OsSAL1) rice homologues was decreased in the KD mutants, suggesting that these genes are regulated by RISBZ1 and RPBF. These phenotypes suggest that combinatorial interactions between RISBZ1 and RPBF play an essential role during grain filling. The functional redundancy and compensation between RISBZ1 and RPBF possibly account for weak effects on the SSP levels in single KD mutants, and help maintain various processes during seed development in rice. Physical interaction between RISBZ1 and RPBF may ensure that these processes are carried out properly.
Development of Small RNA Delivery Systems for Lung Cancer Therapy (2015)

RNA interference (RNAi) has emerged as a powerful tool for studying target identification and holds promise for the development of therapeutic gene silencing. Recent advances in RNAi delivery and target selection provide remarkable opportunities for translational medical research. The induction of RNAi relies on small silencing RNAs, which affect specific messenger RNA (mRNA) degradation. Two types of small RNA molecules, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs), have a central function in RNAi technology. The success of RNAi-based therapeutic delivery may be dependent upon uncovering a delivery route, sophisticated delivery carriers, and nucleic acid modifications. Lung cancer is still the leading cause of cancer death worldwide, for which novel therapeutic strategies are critically needed. Recently, we have reported a novel platform (PnkRNA™ and nkRNA®) to promote naked RNAi approaches through inhalation without delivery vehicles in lung cancer xenograft models. We suggest that a new class of RNAi therapeutic agent and local drug delivery system could also offer a promising RNAi-based strategy for clinical applications in cancer therapy. In this article, we show recent strategies for an RNAi delivery system and suggest the possible clinical usefulness of RNAi-based therapeutics for lung cancer treatment.
Speech recognition for medical conversations (2017)

In this work we explored building automatic speech recognition models for transcribing doctor patient conversation. We collected a large scale dataset of clinical conversations ($14,000$ hr), designed the task to represent the real word scenario, and explored several alignment approaches to iteratively improve data quality. We explored both CTC and LAS systems for building speech recognition models. The LAS was more resilient to noisy data and CTC required more data clean up. A detailed analysis is provided for understanding the performance for clinical tasks. Our analysis showed the speech recognition models performed well on important medical utterances, while errors occurred in causal conversations. Overall we believe the resulting models can provide reasonable quality in practice.
Dendroscope 3: An Interactive Tool for Rooted Phylogenetic Trees and Networks (2012)

Dendroscope 3 is a new program for working with rooted phylogenetic trees and networks. It provides a number of methods for drawing and comparing rooted phylogenetic networks, and for computing them from rooted trees. The program can be used interactively or in command-line mode. The program is written in Java, use of the software is free, and installers for all 3 major operating systems can be downloaded from www.dendroscope.org. [Phylogenetic trees; phylogenetic networks; software.].
Molecular basis of the selective activity of vitamin D analogues (2003)

More than 2,000 synthetic analogues of the biological active form of vitamin D, 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3)), are presently known. Basically, all of them interfere with the molecular switch of nuclear 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) signaling, which is the complex of the vitamin D receptor (VDR), the retinoid X receptor (RXR), and a 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) response element (VDRE). Central element of this molecular switch is the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of the VDR, which can be stabilized by a 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) analogue either in its agonistic, antagonistic, or non-agonistic conformation. The positioning of helix 12 of the LBD is of most critical importance for these conformations. In each of the three conformations, the VDR performs different protein-protein interactions, which then result in a characteristic functional profile. Most 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) analogues have been identified as agonists, a few are antagonists (e.g., ZK159222 and TEI-9647), and only Gemini and some of its derivatives act under restricted conditions as non-agonists. The functional profile of some 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) analogues, such as EB1089 and Gemini, can be modulated by protein and DNA interaction partners of the VDR. This provides them with some selectivity for DNA-dependent and -independent signaling pathways and VDRE structures.
Performance assessment of constrained model predictive control systems (2001)

Abstract A constrained minimum variance controller is derived based on a moving horizon approach that explicitly accounts for hard constraints on process variables. A procedure for the performance assessment of constrained model predictive control systems is then developed based on the constrained minimum variance controller. The performance bound computed using the proposed moving horizon approach converges to the unconstrained minimum variance performance bound when the constraints on process variables become inactive. The utility of the proposed method in the performance assessment of constrained model predictive control systems is demonstrated through a simulated example.
Amino Group Blocking. Improved Method for N-Phthaloylation Using N-(Ethoxycarbonyl)phthalimide (1983)

Abstract N-Phthaloylation, as a means of protecting primary amino groups, especially in the synthesis of peptides, has been known for some time.1 That N-phthaloylamines generally are easily crystallized, and that the phthaloyl group can readily be removed by hydrazinolysis or phenylhydrazinolysis have been recognized advantages in using this approach for the protection of amino groups during syntheses.1,2,3 The reaction of phthalic anhydride with amino acids, as a method of N-phthaloylation, requires heating, and can cause recemization.1,4 This problem was overcome through the introduction by Nefkens et al.5 of N-(ethoxycar-bonyl)phthalirnide (1) which reacts with arnines under mild conditions to produce the N-phthaloyl derivatives (2) and ethyl carbarnate (3).
Do Human Extraintestinal Escherichia coli Infections Resistant to Expanded-Spectrum Cephalosporins Originate From Food-Producing Animals? A Systematic Review (2014)

To find out whether food-producing animals (FPAs) are a source of extraintestinal expanded-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli (ESCR-EC) infections in humans, Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were systematically reviewed. Thirty-four original, peer-reviewed publications were identified for inclusion. Six molecular epidemiology studies supported the transfer of resistance via whole bacterium transmission (WBT), which was best characterized among poultry in the Netherlands. Thirteen molecular epidemiology studies supported transmission of resistance via mobile genetic elements, which demonstrated greater diversity of geography and host FPA. Seventeen molecular epidemiology studies did not support WBT and two did not support mobile genetic element-mediated transmission. Four observational epidemiology studies were consistent with zoonotic transmission. Overall, there is evidence that a proportion of human extraintestinal ESCR-EC infections originate from FPAs. Poultry, in particular, is probably a source, but the quantitative and geographical extent of the problem is unclear and requires further investigation.
Efficient collection of viable virus aerosol through laminar‐flow, water‐based condensational particle growth (2016)

This study reveals that the GTC is an effective collector of viable MS2 aerosols, and concludes the instrument will be an effective tool for studying viable virus aerosols and the inhalation risks posed by airborne viruses.