gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Suppression of Hepatitis B Virus Core Promoter by the Nuclear Orphan Receptor TR4 (2003)

The TR4 orphan receptor is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily that modulates gene expression via binding to the AGGTCA direct repeat hormone response element. Here we report a functional study of TR4 interaction with the core promoter of the hepatitis B virus (HBV). The electrophoretic mobility shift assay shows that TR4 can bind to the direct repeat 1 sequence element (AGGTTAAAGGTCT, nucleotide coordinates 1757-1769, TR4RE-HBV) on the HBV core promoter. TR4 also can enhance the activity of a synthetic luciferase reporter linked with four copies of TR4RE-HBV in either liver HepG2 or non-liver H1299 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Surprisingly, TR4 represses the activity of a luciferase reporter containing the entire HBV genome sequences. Moreover, mutation of this TR4RE-HBV site in the HBV core promoter diminishes the TR4 suppression effect. This TR4-induced suppression of HBV core promoter activity is further confirmed by primer extension analysis of the HBV core RNAs, showing that TR4 represses both pre-core and core mRNAs. Further dissection of this repressive mechanism indicates that TR4 may suppress the HBV core promoter activity via repressing HNF4alpha-mediated transactivation by protein-protein interactions without inhibition of HNF4alpha DNA binding. Furthermore, our results indicate that the N- and C-terminal regions of TR4 protein are required for TR4-HNF4alpha interaction. It is possible that TR4-HNF4alpha interaction may block the HNF4alpha function that results in the suppression of HBV gene expression. Together, these results demonstrate that TR4 can serve as a negative modulator in the transcriptional regulation of HBV core gene expression.
Living Cationic Homopolymerization of Isobutyl Vinyl Ether and Sequential Block Copolymerization of Isobutylene with Isobutyl Vinyl Ether. Synthesis and Mechanistic Studies (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLiving Cationic Homopolymerization of Isobutyl Vinyl Ether and Sequential Block Copolymerization of Isobutylene with Isobutyl Vinyl Ether. Synthesis and Mechanistic StudiesSavvas Hadjikyriacou and Rudolf FaustCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 23, 7893–7900Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00127a041https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00127a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views273Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Regulation of an eukaryotic initiation factor-2 (eIF-2) associated 67 kDa glycoprotein (p67) and its requirement in protein synthesis. (1995)

The p67 mRNA level and p67 requirement in protein synthesis were studied using an animal cell (KRC-7, rat tumor hepatoma cell) in culture. p67 mRNA was present in confluent cells but disappeared almost completely from serum-starved cells. However, when PMA was added to the serum-starved cells, p67 mRNA appeared in increasing quantities. Several-fold molar excess of p67 mRNA over that present in confluent cells was detected within 2 h of PMA addition and this level remained the same during the 4 h of the experiment. p67 requirement in protein synthesis was studied using a p67 antisense DNA construct under a metallothionein gene promoter. Expression of this antisense DNA in the presence of zinc in PMA-induced serum-starved cells completely inhibited induced appearance of p67 mRNA and subsequent protein synthesis. These results suggest that p67 is regulated at the mRNA level and also that this protein factor is essential for protein synthesis.
Electric field response of two-dimensional inhomogeneities to unipolar and bipolar electrode configurations (1975)

Abstract A quantitative comparative analysis of some bipolar and unipolar resistivity arrays is made in terms of perturbation effects due to buried lateral inhomogeneities. The Schlumberger, the collinear dipole-dipole, the pole-dipole, and the unipole electrode configurations of approximately the same dimensions are employed. A 'focusing effect' in the vertical component of the current density distribution is demonstrated in the unipole configuration. Characteristic diagrams illustrating the configuration responses to lateral inhomogeneities located at different depths and under various overburden layer conductivities indicate that, for comparable geometric spreads, the unipole and the pole-dipole configurations are significantly more effective.
Induction of cardiac FGF23/FGFR4 expression is associated with left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with chronic kidney disease (2015)

Our results indicate a strong association between LVH and enhanced expression levels of FGF23, FGFR4 and calcineurin, activation of NFAT and reduced levels of soluble Klotho in the myocardium of patients with CKD. These alterations are not observed in kidney transplant patients.
TLR4 agonists as immunomodulatory agents (2006)

Monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL ® ) is a potent vaccine adjuvant derived from Salmonella minnesota that was recently licensed in Europe as a component of an improved vaccine for hepatitis B (Fendrix ® ). MPL, like lipopolysaccharide from which it is derived, signals via the TLR4/MD-2 complex. We have produced a series of synthetic Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonists that are based upon the structure of the major hexa-acylated congener contained within MPL. These TLR4 agonists, termed the aminoalkyl glucosaminide phosphates (AGPs), stimulate the production of various cytokines by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro and up-regulate cell surface markers on monocytes, NK cells and B cells. In addition, AGPs provide non-specific resistance to challenge with viral and bacterial pathogens when administered to the upper airways of mice. Structure—activity relationship studies have shown that the activation of innate immune effectors by AGPs depends primarily on the length of the secondary acyl chains and the nature of the functional group attached to the aglycon component. Moreover, AGPs can act as potent adjuvants for mucosal administration of vaccine antigens, enhancing both antigen-specific antibody and cell-mediated immune responses. Thus, by combining the adjuvant and non-specific resistance induction properties of AGPs it may be possible to generate mucosal vaccines that provide innate protection immediately following administration together with long-term acquired immunity.
Ferroelectric negative capacitance MOSFET: Capacitance tuning &amp;amp; antiferroelectric operation (2011)

A design methodology of ferroelectric (FE) negative capacitance FETs (NCFETs) based on the concept of capacitance matching is presented. A new mode of NCFET operation, called the “antiferroelectric mode” is proposed, which, besides achieving sub-60mV/dec subthreshold swing, can significantly boost the on-current in exchange for a nominal hysteresis. Design considerations for different device parameters (FE thickness, EOT, source/drain overlap & gate length) are explored. It is suggested that relative improvement in device performance due to FE negative capacitance becomes more significant in very short channel length devices because of the increased drain-to-channel coupling.
Identification and reconstitution of the origin recognition complex from <i>Schizosaccharomyces pombe</i> (1999)

The origin recognition complex (ORC), first identified in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (sc), is a six-subunit protein complex that binds to DNA origins. Here, we report the identification and cloning of cDNAs encoding the six subunits of the ORC of Schizosaccharomyces pombe (sp). Sequence analyses revealed that spOrc1, 2, and 5 subunits are highly conserved compared with their counterparts from S. cerevisiae, Xenopus, Drosophila, and human. In contrast, both spOrc3 and spOrc6 subunits are poorly conserved. As reported by Chuang and Kelly [(1999) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96, 2656-2661], the C-terminal region of spOrc4 is also conserved whereas the N terminus uniquely contains repeats of a sequence that binds strongly to AT-rich DNA regions. Consistent with this, extraction of S. pombe chromatin with 1 M NaCl, or after DNase I treatment, yielded the six-subunit ORC, whereas extraction with 0.3 M resulted in five-subunit ORC lacking spOrc4p. The spORC can be reconstituted in vitro with all six recombinant subunits expressed in the rabbit reticulocyte system. The association of spOrc4p with the other subunits required the removal of DNA from reaction mixture by DNase I. This suggests that a strong interaction between spOrc4p and DNA can prevent the isolation of the six-subunit ORC. The unique DNA-binding properties of the spORC may contribute to our understanding of the sequence-specific recognition required for the initiation of DNA replication in S. pombe.
Specific T cell lines for ovalbumin, ovomucoid, lysozyme and two OA synthetic epitopes, generated from egg allergic patients' PBMC. (1996)

Human T cells recognized several egg white allergens and epitopes within the ovalbumin molecule. Specific IgE was produced in cultures stimulated with ovalbumin and ovomucoid. OA peptides 105-122 and 323-339 have no affinity to the specific IgE of the two patients; an observation which could be of particular interest regarding the mechanisms of peptide-based immunotherapy.
SHORT COMMUNICATION: Expression of FGF5 in choroidal neovascular membranes associated with ARMD (1997)

These results suggest that FGF5 may have a functional role in the pathophysiology of ARMD.
低功耗44Gb／s CDR芯片内嵌在CMOS芯片中 (2007)

富土通实验室开发出了业界第一个能以40～44Gb／s的速率执行时钟和数据恢复的CMOS芯片，使高速光SerDes模块的实现成为可能。一个由ISSCC出具的报告指出该芯片分解信号的速率为16×2．5Gb／S，符合ITUG．8251抖动公差标准。
Isolation, characterization, and expression of cDNA clones encoding the mouse Fc receptor for IgE (Fc epsilon RII)1. (1990)

We have isolated cDNA clones encoding a mouse low affinity receptor for IgE (Fc epsilon RII) from a cDNA library of BALB/c splenic B cells activated with LPS and IL-4. The 2.2-kb cDNA clone encodes a 331 amino acid membrane glycoprotein that is homologous to human Fc epsilon RII (CD23) and a family of carbohydrate-binding proteins. COS7 cells transfected with the cDNA clones expressed a 45,000 m.w. protein that bound IgE and the anti-Fc epsilon RII mAb, B3B4. Fc epsilon RII mRNA was up-regulated in mouse B cells by culture with IL-4, but not in B cells cultured with IgE. Fc epsilon RII mRNA was detected in IgM+/IgD+ B cell lines, but not in pre-B cell lines or in B cell lines which have undergone differentiation to secrete Ig. The monocyte line P388D1, mast cell lines MC/9 and PT18, and peritoneal macrophages stimulated with IL-4 lacked detectable Fc epsilon RII mRNA, as did Thy-1.2+, CD4+, and CD8+ normal T cells and Thy-1.2+ T cells from Nippostrongylus brasiliensis-infected mice.
Feed for Simultaneous X-Band and Ka-Band Operations on Large Aperture Antennas (2007)

With the introduction of the Wideband Global Satcom (WGS) satellites, simultaneous operation in X-Band and in Ka-Band will be a requirement for many terminals. Overwatch Textron Systems, Ltd. is a provider of multiband feeds and has developed feed systems that operate simultaneously in X-Band and Ka-Band in transmit and receive. The feed system has also been designed to operate with multiple carriers in a Low passive intermodulation product environment. These feed systems have been deployed in multiple configurations including Teleport class antennas, shipboard antennas, and flyaway antennas. The feed system is designed using Overwatch's patented multiband feed technology and is easily adapted to operate with existing reflector systems. This feed system is very useful for terminals that are difficult to access or where real estate does not allow the installation of multiple antennas. This paper details the efforts of adapting this feed technology to Large Aperture antennas. The paper provides details on the original proof of concept antenna as well as current enhancements being made to improve the capabilities of the feed and antenna systems. One of these enhancements is the addition of pseudo-monopulse tracking to the feed system.
Glucagon-Like Peptide-I Analogs: Effects on Insulin Secretion and Adenosine 3′,5′-Monophosphate Formation* (1990)

Glucagon-like peptide 1-(7-37) [GLP-I-(7-37)] is a 31-amino acid hormone which may have an important role in the regulation of insulin secretion, It is processed from preproglucagon and found in the pancreas, brain, and, in highest quantity, intestine. In previous studies we found that GLP-I-(7-37) is a potent insulin secretagogue, and its effect was indistinguishable from that of GLP-I-(7-36) amide at concentrations of 10(-11) M. Herein we report insulinotropic effects of additional GLP-I analogs. GLP-I-(7-34) had no stimulatory effect on insulin release at 10(-10) M, but had a partial effect at 10(-9) M and was as active as GLP-I-(7-37) at 10(-8) M. GLP-I-(7-33) had no effect at any concentration tested. GLP-I-(8-37) caused no significant effect on insulin release at 10(-9) and 10(-8) M, but did have an effect at the high concentration of 10(-7) M. Similar results were found with cAMP formation in the beta TC1 line. In this system GLP-I-(7-34) was less potent than GLP-I-(7-37) at a concentration of 5 x 10(-9) M. GLP-I-(7-33) had only about 0.1% the potency of GLP-I-(7-37); thus, there is good agreement between cAMP formation in the beta-cell line and insulin secretion from the perfused pancreas experiments. We conclude that histidine in the 7 position in the N-terminus of GLP-I-(7-37) is crucial for cAMP formation and insulin secretion, and that removal of the last three C-terminus residues of GLP-I-(7-37) results in only partial loss of activity; the residue in the 34 position is, however, essential for the insulinotropic action.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDY OF COMPOUNDS WITH JUVENILE‐HORMONE ACTIVITY. X. SYNTHESIS OF ESTERS OF 2E,4E‐3,11‐DIMETHYL‐11‐METHOXY‐2,4‐DODECADIENIC AND 2E,4E‐3,11‐DIMETHYL‐2,4,10‐DODECATRIENIC ACIDS (1979)

Abstract Schlüsselreaktionen der Synthesen der Titelverbindungen (VI) sind die Croton‐Kondensationen der Aldehyde (III) mit dem Methylglutaconsäureester (IV).
Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity in Human Lung Cancer (1997)

Nitric oxide synthases (NOS) exist in human tumor cell lines and solid tumor tissues, and it has been suggested that NO may play important roles in growth, progression or metastasis of tumors. We investigated the activity and distribution of NOS in a series of human cancer and normal lung tissues. Seventy-two primary lung cancer samples (44 cases of adenocarcinoma, 18 of squamous cell carcinoma, 4 of large cell carcinoma, 2 of small cell carcinoma, 2 of adenosquamous carcinoma, and 2 of carcinoids) and corresponding normal lung samples were obtained from surgically treated patients. In normal lung tissues, little NOS activity was observed with no correlation between the patient's age and NOS activity. The total NOS activities in lung adenocarcinoma samples were significantly higher than those in other types of lung cancers of normal lung samples (P < 0.05). Analysis by tumor grade of the adenocarcinoma samples revealed no significant difference of NOS activity between grades. TNM classification showed that, although T stage did not correlate with NOS activity, cancer tissues from patients with N2 disease tended to have lower activity than those from patients with NO or N1 disease. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that the intensity of NOS immunoreactivity correlated with NOS activity. These results suggest that NO may play an important role in the metabolism and behavior of lung cancers, especially adenocarcinoma.
Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation, Zidovudine, and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-I) Infection (1989)

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma are classified as having the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation is a successful therapy for patients with lymphoma who have a poor prognosis. Combined therapy with allogeneic bone marrow transplantation and the antiviral drug zidovudine has the potential advantage of protecting the new donor hematopoietic-lymphoid and monocyte-macrophage cells from HIV-1 infection. A 41-year-old man infected with HIV-1 who had lymphoma was treated with high-dose cyclophosphamide and total body irradiation followed by allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Before transplantation he received high-dose zidovudine for 2 weeks (5 mg/kg body weight intravenously every 4 hours) and after transplantation he received a lower maintenance dose (1.33 mg/kg body weight intravenously every 4 hours). No untoward toxicities attributable to zidovudine were observed. Bone marrow engraftment occurred on day 17. Chromosome and restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses demonstrated complete chimerism. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells and bone marrow samples were negative for HIV-1 by culture and polymerase chain reaction gene amplification 32 days after transplantation. The patient died 47 days after transplantation because of tumor relapse. Analysis of autopsy tissue showed no evidence of HIV-1 by either culture (brain, bone marrow, lymph node, and tumor specimens) or by polymerase chain reaction gene amplification for HIV-1 RNA and DNA sequences (brain, bone marrow, heart, kidney, liver, lung, rectosigmoid, spleen, and tumor specimens). Immunologic monitoring showed loss of HIV-1 antibody. Adoptive immunologic transfer was shown to be present to both tetanus and diphtheria antigens. Our case suggests that the HIV-1-infected recipient cells may have been eradicated secondary to the bone marrow ablative chemo-radiotherapy and that zidovudine may be able to prevent the establishment of HIV-1 infection in donor hematopoietic-lymphoid cells.
Hyperspectral confocal microscope (2006)

We have developed a new, high performance, hyperspectral microscope for biological and other applications. For each voxel within a three-dimensional specimen, the microscope simultaneously records the emission spectrum from 500 nm to 800 nm, with better than 3 nm spectral resolution. The microscope features a fully confocal design to ensure high spatial resolution and high quality optical sectioning. Optical throughput and detection efficiency are maximized through the use of a custom prism spectrometer and a backside thinned electron multiplying charge coupled device (EMCCD) array. A custom readout mode and synchronization scheme enable 512-point spectra to be recorded at a rate of 8300 spectra per second. In addition, the EMCCD readout mode eliminates curvature and keystone artifacts that often plague spectral imaging systems. The architecture of the new microscope is described in detail, and hyperspectral images from several specimens are presented.
Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in meat by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, EHEC-Tek (1995)

Investigation of the specificity of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in raw meats (EHEC-Tek; Organon Teknika Corp.) revealed that the target antigens of the detection reagent, monoclonal antibody 4E8C12, were present in numerous serotypes of E. coli and that their ELISA reactivity was influenced by bile salts, acriflavine, and heat. The specificity of the ELISA was improved by a modified test protocol incorporating immunocapture.
Investigation of Lithium Utilization from A Lithium‐Silicon Electrode (1977)

was used to investigate lithium utilizations (to a 0.5V cutoff vs. 40 atomic percent Li‐Al) from , , and at current densities between 20 and 1000 mA/cm2 and at temperatures between 675° and 750°K. The lithium utilizations from these compounds did not appear to be greatly influenced by current density or temperature variations. For example, 60–80% of the lithium from the plateau, >90% of the lithium from the plateau, and 80–90% of the lithium from the plateau were utilized at current densities between 50 and 400 mA/cm2. The polarization at current densities up to 500 mA/cm2 appeared to be mostly ohmic.
The role of adsorbed fibrinogen in platelet adhesion to polyurethane surfaces: A comparison of surface hydrophobicity, protein adsorption, monoclonal antibody binding, and platelet adhesion (2005)

Ten specially synthesized polyurethanes (PUs) were used to investigate the effects of surface properties on platelet adhesion. Surface composition and hydrophilicity, fibrinogen (Fg) and von Willebrand's factor (vWf) adsorption, monoclonal anti-Fg binding, and platelet adhesion were measured. PUs preadsorbed with afibrinogenemic plasma or serum exhibited very low platelet adhesion, while adhesion after preadsorption with vWf deficient plasma was not reduced, showing that Fg is the key plasma protein mediating platelet adhesion under static conditions. Platelet adhesion to the ten PUs after plasma preadsorption varied greatly, but was only partially consistent with Fg adsorption. Thus, while very hydrophilic PU copolymers containing PEG that had ultralow Fg adsorption also had very low platelet adhesion, some of the more hydrophobic PUs had relatively high Fg adsorption but still exhibited lower platelet adhesion. To examine why some PUs with high Fg adsorption had lower platelet adhesion, three monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that bind to sites in Fg thought to mediate platelet adhesion were used. The antibodies were: M1, specific to gamma-chain C-terminal; and R1 and R2, specific to RGD containing regions in the alpha-chain N- and C-terminal, respectively. Platelet adhesion was well correlated with M1 binding, but not with R1 or R2 binding. When these mAbs were incubated with plasma preadsorbed surfaces, they blocked adhesion to variable degrees. The ability of the R1 and R2 mAbs to partially block adhesion to adsorbed Fg suggests that RGD sites in the alpha chain may also be involved in mediating platelet adhesion and act synergistically with the C-terminal of the gamma-chain.
Kinetics of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcription in blood mononuclear phagocytes are slowed by limitations of nucleotide precursors (1994)

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection of mononuclear phagocytes has been implicated in disease manifestations, but postentry viral replication events in these cells have not been well characterized. Productive infection of activated T cells is associated with cell proliferation and accumulation of full-length viral DNA within 6 h. In infected, nondividing quiescent peripheral blood lymphocytes, reverse transcription is aborted prior to full-length viral DNA formation. For nondividing, cultured mononuclear phagocytes, we now report a third pattern of reverse transcription with relatively slow kinetics, in which full-length viral DNA did not accumulate until 36 to 48 h. The reverse transcription rate in mononuclear phagocytes could be accelerated by addition of exogenous nucleotide precursors, but still not to the rate seen in activated T cells. These results indicate that substrate limitations in mononuclear phagocytes slow but do not arrest human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcription.