gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diffraction of light by ordered suspensions (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDiffraction of light by ordered suspensionsP. Anne Hiltner and Irvin M. KriegerCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1969, 73, 7, 2386–2389Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100727a049https://doi.org/10.1021/j100727a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1362Altmetric-Citations382LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
A quartz crystal microbalance method to study the terminal functionalization of glycosaminoglycans (2014)

We demonstrate the quartz crystal microbalance as a novel method to quantify the reaction yields and stability of the terminal conjugation of chemically complex molecules. Oxime ligation is identified as a facile, broadly applicable method for the reducing-end conjugation of glycosaminoglycans that overcomes the limited stability and yield of popular hydrazone ligation.
Scaling of High-Field Transport and Localized Heating in Graphene Transistors (2011)

We use infrared thermal imaging and electrothermal simulations to find that localized Joule heating in graphene field-effect transistors on SiO(2) is primarily governed by device electrostatics. Hot spots become more localized (i.e., sharper) as the underlying oxide thickness is reduced, such that the average and peak device temperatures scale differently, with significant long-term reliability implications. The average temperature is proportional to oxide thickness, but the peak temperature is minimized at an oxide thickness of ∼90 nm due to competing electrostatic and thermal effects. We also find that careful comparison of high-field transport models with thermal imaging can be used to shed light on velocity saturation effects. The results shed light on optimizing heat dissipation and reliability of graphene devices and interconnects.
Determining Internal and External Indices for Chart Generation (1997)

This paper presents a compilation procedure which determines internal and external indices for signs in a unification based grammar to be used in improving the computational efficiency of lexicalist chart generation. The procedure takes as input a grammar and a set of feature paths indicating the position of semantic indices in a sign, and calculates the fixed-point of a set of equations derived from the grammar. The result is a set of independent constraints stating which indices in a sign can be bound to other signs within a complete sentence. Based on these constraints, two tests are formulated which reduce the search space during generation.
Dephosphorylation of Threonine 169 of Cdc28 Is Not Required for Exit from Mitosis but May Be Necessary for Start in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (1996)

Entry into mitosis requires activation of cdc2 kinase brought on by its association with cyclin B, phosphorylation of the conserved threonine (Thr-167 in Schizosaccharomyces pombe) in the T loop, and dephosphorylation of the tyrosine residue at position 15. Exit from mitosis, on the other hand, is induced by inactivation of cdc2 activity via cyclin destruction. It has been suggested that in addition to cyclin degradation, dephosphorylation of Thr-167 may also be required for exit from the M phase. Here we show that Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells expressing cdc28-E169 (a CDC28 allele in which the equivalent threonine, Thr-169, has been replaced by glutamic acid) are able to degrade mitotic cyclin Clb2, inactivate the Cdc28/Clb2 kinase, and disassemble the anaphase spindles, suggesting that they exit mitosis normally. The cdc28-E169 allele is active with respect to its mitotic functions, since it complements the mitosis-defective cdc28-1N allele. Whereas replacement of Thr-169 with serine affects neither Start nor the mitotic activity of Cdc28, replacement with glutamic acid or alanine renders Cdc28 inactive for Start-related functions. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments show that although Cdc28-E169 associates with mitotic cyclin Clb2, it fails to associate with the G1 cyclin Cln2. Thus, an unmodified threonine at position 169 in Cdc28 is important for interaction with G1 cyclins. We propose that in S. cerevisiae, dephosphorylation of Thr-169 is not required for exit from mitosis but may be necessary for commitment to the subsequent division cycle.
A general topoisomerase I-dependent transcriptional repression in the stationary phase in yeast. (1991)

This paper shows that in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae the levels of most mRNAs decrease, in a temporally orchestrated manner, as cells approach and enter the stationary phase. The decreased level of mRNAs is primarily due to transcriptional repression because the overall rate of in vivo transcription by RNA polymerase II is similarly reduced in the stationary phase. The reduction in mRNA levels and the general transcriptional repression are both dependent on topoisomerase I (encoded by TOP1). Specifically, these two processes are much slower in top1 mutants, as their mRNA levels and transcriptional rate remain unchanged for a longer period of time in the stationary phase before they start to decrease. In contrast, the mRNA levels in the stationary phase are not affected by perturbation of topoisomerase II activity. TOP1-dependent repression operates even on HSP26 and SSA3, which have been shown previously to be transcriptionally induced in early stationary phase. Thus, their mRNA levels are high upon the entry of the cells into the stationary phase but gradually decrease, by a TOP1-dependent mechanism, later in the stationary phase. A minor population of mRNAs is not subjected to the TOP1-dependent regulation, as their levels do not change in stationary phase. The possible role of topoisomerase I in the general transcriptional repression is discussed.
Implementation of a low cost hybrid Automated Teller Machine (H-ATM) with integrated currency exchange capability (2012)

Recently researches on Automated Teller Machine (ATM) and its security enhancements have been gaining rapid impetus. So far, research has aimed to ensure reliable and secure performance of an ATM in the modern banking system. However, developments of new features over the existing system can be expensive. This paper describes the development and implementation of a low cost ATM with currency exchange capability named as Hybrid ATM (H-ATM) which has currency exchanging facility integrated with typical money transaction facility. This proposed H-ATM, capable of executing standard operations but involves a more advanced system where it includes computer as well as microcontroller embedded system. This advanced system has shown considerable improvements in performance, troubleshooting and implementation with higher level of security and consistency. Finally, the low cost of implementing this machine signifies the room for potential improvements with respect to the existing ATM system.
A → Z transition in the synthetic hexanucleotide (dCdGfl)<sub>3</sub> (1985)

500 MHz proton NMR and NOE measurements on (dCdGfl)3 show that at very low ionic strength the hexanucleotide adopts an A-DNA conformation, whereas at high salt concentrations a Z-form is found. At intermediate salt concentrations the two species are in slow exchange on the proton NMR time scale. This transition was also observed by characteristic changes in the CD spectra.
Structure–Activity of Inhibition of HIV-1 Integrase and Virus Replication by G-quartet Oligonucleotides (2001)

As novel anti-HIV agents, the G-tetrad-forming oligonucleotides have been explored for their structure-activity relations with regard to inhibition of integrase (IN) (N. Jing, Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs (2000) 9, 1777-1785). We have now developed two families of G-quartet oligonucleotides: T40217-T40222, with potential formation of a tail-to-tail G-quartet dimer, and T40224-T40227, with phosphorothioate (PT) linkages in the guanine loops. The results obtained from biophysical measurements and the assays of the inhibition of HIV-1 IN and virus replication demonstrated that an increase in the length of the G-quartet structure from a monomer (15A) to a tail-to-tail dimer (47A) does not distinctly disrupt the inhibition of HIV-1 IN activity or the inhibition of HIV-1 replication in cell cultures. G-quartet oligonucleotides were observed to induce molecular aggregation of HIV-1 IN and interrupt the binding of viral DNA to HIV-1 IN. Also, PT substitutions did not confer any advantages compared with the regular phosphodiesters for the inhibition of HIV-1 replication by intramolecular G-quartets. The G-quartet motif is the primary requirement for the remarkable nuclease resistance and pronounced biological efficacy of these oligonucleotides.
4-&lt;I&gt;N,N&lt;/I&gt;-Dimethylamino Pyridine Promoted Oxidation of Toluene Catalyzed by Cobalt Acetate and Benzyl Bromide (2013)

The influence of different nitrous organic compounds, including triethylamine, 2,6-dimethylpyridine, 4-carboxylic pyridine, pyridine, and 4-N,N-dimethylamino pyridine (DMAP), on the oxidation of toluene catalyzed by cobalt acetate and benzyl bromide was investigated. DMAP showed improvement for the activity. The promoting effect was discussed.
Induction of interleukin‐1 in articular cartilage by explantation and cutting (2004)

Explantation and cutting of articular cartilage activates intracellular inflammatory signaling pathways and induces expression of mRNA for IL-1alpha and IL-1beta. Biologically active IL-1alpha protein was detectable in cartilage lysates and was probably intracellular proIL-1alpha. We were unable to show that IL-1 was secreted by chondrocytes.
An Essential Yeast Gene Encoding a TTAGGG Repeat-Binding Protein (1993)

A yeast gene encoding a DNA-binding protein that recognizes the telomeric repeat sequence TTAGGG found in multicellular eukaryotes was identified by screening a lambda gt11 expression library with a radiolabeled TTAGGG multimer. This gene, which we refer to as TBF1 (TTAGGG repeat-binding factor 1), encodes a polypeptide with a predicted molecular mass of 63 kDa. The TBF1 protein, produced in vitro by transcription and translation of the cloned gene, binds to (TTAGGG)n probes and to a yeast telomeric junction sequence that contains two copies of the sequence TTAGGG separated by 5 bp. TBF1 appears to be identical to a previously described yeast TTAGGG-repeat binding activity called TBF alpha. TBF1 produced in vitro yields protein-DNA complexes with (TTAGGG)n probes that have mobilities on native polyacrylamide gels identical to those produced by partially purified TBF alpha from yeast cells. Furthermore, when extracts are prepared from a strain containing a TBF1 gene with an antigen tag, we find that the antigen copurifies with the predominant (TTAGGG)n-binding activity in the extracts. The DNA sequence of TBF1 was determined. The predicted protein sequence suggests that TBF1 may contain a nucleotide-binding domain, but no significant similarities to any other known proteins were identified, nor was an obvious DNA-binding motif apparent. Diploid cells heterozygous for a tbf1::URA3 insertion mutation are viable but upon sporulation give rise to tetrads with only two viable spores, both of which are Ura-, indicating that the TBF1 gene is essential for growth. Possible functions of TBF1 (TFB alpha) are discussed in light of these new results.
Influence of Microbiota on Intestinal Immune System in Ulcerative Colitis and Its Intervention (2017)

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with chronic and recurrent characteristics caused by multiple reasons. Although the pathogenic factors have not been clarified yet, recent studies have demonstrated that intestinal microbiota plays a major role in UC, especially in the immune system. This review focuses on the description of several major microbiota communities that affect UC and their interactions with the host. In this review, eight kinds of microbiota that are highly related to IBD, including <i>Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Clostridium</i> clusters IV and XIVa, <i>Bacteroides, Roseburia</i> species, <i>Eubacterium rectale, Escherichia coli, Fusobacterium</i>, and <i>Candida albicans</i> are demonstrated on the changes in amount and roles in the onset and progression of IBD. In addition, potential therapeutic targets for UC involved in the regulation of microbiota, including NLRPs, vitamin D receptor as well as secreted proteins, are discussed in this review.
Structure of the ABL2/ARG kinase in complex with dasatinib (2015)

ABL2/ARG (ABL-related gene) belongs to the ABL (Abelson tyrosine-protein kinase) family of tyrosine kinases. ARG plays important roles in cell morphogenesis, motility, growth and survival, and many of these biological roles overlap with the cellular functions of the ABL kinase. Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is associated with constitutive ABL kinase activation resulting from fusion between parts of the breakpoint cluster region (BCR) and ABL1 genes. Similarly, fusion of the ETV6 (Tel) and ARG genes drives some forms of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Dasatinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor used for the treatment of CML by inhibiting ABL, and while it also inhibits ARG, there is currently no structure of ARG in complex with dasatinib. Here, the co-crystal structure of the mouse ARG catalytic domain with dasatinib at 2.5 Å resolution is reported. Dasatinib-bound ARG is found in the DFG-in conformation although it is nonphosphorylated on the activation-loop tyrosine. In this structure the glycine-rich P-loop is found in a relatively open conformation compared with other known ABL family-inhibitor complex structures.
Molecular basis of the glycoprotein-C-negative phenotype of herpes simplex virus type 1 macroplaque strain (1984)

The basis for the inability of the macroplaque (MP) strain of herpes simplex virus type 1 to express mature glycoprotein C (gC) was examined. RNA transfer (Northern) blot analysis with hybridization probes from the region of the herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA known to encode the gC gene indicated that gC mRNA was produced in MP-infected HeLa cells at levels relative to other mRNAs comparable with that seen in KOS-infected cells. Comparative nucleotide sequence analysis of the gC gene from the MP and KOS strains, coupled with the results of recently reported marker rescue experiments, indicates that the inability of MP to produce gC is due to a frameshift mutation in the gC-coding sequence. Because two different (out-of-phase) open reading frames overlap the gC-coding sequence in the region of the mutation, MP mRNA can encode two gC-related polypeptides. Two polypeptides of the predicted size and precipitable by anti-gC antibodies were produced by in vitro translation of MP mRNA. These polypeptides have not been detected in extracts from infected cells with the same antibodies. Comparative nucleotide sequence analyses led to several corrections in the published sequence for the gC gene and the 17,800-molecular-weight polypeptide gene just to the right in KOS DNA. These relatively minor effects on the predicted amino code sequence of gC are tabulated.
Beyond calcium: new signaling pathways for Tec family kinases (2002)

The Tec kinases represent the second largest family of mammalian non-receptor tyrosine kinases and are distinguished by the presence of distinct proline-rich regions and pleckstrin homology domains that are required for proper regulation and activation. Best studied in lymphocyte and mast cells, these kinases are critical for the full activation of phospholipase-C gamma (PLC-gamma) and Ca(2+) mobilization downstream of antigen receptors. However, it has become increasingly clear that these kinases are activated downstream of many cell-surface receptors, including receptor tyrosine kinases, cytokine receptors, integrins and G-protein-coupled receptors. Evidence suggests that the Tec kinases influence a wide range of signaling pathways controlling activation of MAP kinases, actin reorganization, transcriptional regulation, cell survival and cellular transformation. Their impact on cellular physiology suggests that the Tec kinases help regulate multiple cellular processes beyond Ca(2+) mobilization.
Characterization of enzymatic synthesis of sphingolipid long-chain bases in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: mutant strains exhibiting long-chain-base auxotrophy are deficient in serine palmitoyltransferase activity (1992)

We have begun a biochemical-genetic analysis of the synthesis of sphingolipid long-chain bases in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and found evidence for the occurrence of serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) and 3-ketosphinganine reductase, enzymes that catalyze the initial steps of the pathway in other organisms. SPT activity was demonstrated in vitro with crude membrane preparations from S. cerevisiae as judged by the formation of radiolabeled 3-ketosphinganine from the condensation of palmitoyl-coenzyme A (CoA) with radiolabeled serine. Shorter (C12 and C14) and longer (C18) acyl-CoAs sustain significant SPT activity, a result consistent with the finding of both C18 and C20 long-chain bases in the organism. Three products of the long-chain-base synthetic pathway, 3-ketosphinganine, erythrosphinganine, and phytosphingosine, neither directly inhibited the reaction in vitro nor affected the specific activity of the enzyme when these bases were included in the culture medium of wild-type cells. Thus, no evidence for either feedback inhibition or repression of enzyme synthesis could be found with these putative effectors. Mutant strains of S. cerevisiae that require a sphingolipid long-chain base for growth fall into two genetic complementation groups, LCB1 and LCB2. Membrane preparations from both lcb1 and lcb2 mutant strains exhibited negligible SPT activity when tested in vitro. Step 2 of the long-chain-base synthetic pathway was demonstrated by the stereospecific NADPH-dependent reduction of 3-ketosphinganine to erythrosphinganine. Membranes isolated from wild-type cells and from an lcb1 mutant exhibited substantial 3-ketosphinganine reductase activity. We conclude that the Lcb- phenotype of these mutants results from a missing or defective SPT, an activity controlled by both the LCB1 and LCB2 genes. These results and earlier work from this laboratory establish that SPT plays an essential role in sphingolipid synthesis in S. cerevisiae.
The Production and Properties of Glucose Syrups. III. Sweetness of Glucose Syrups and Related Carbohydrates (1980)

Abstract A series of glucose syrups, before and after hydrogenation, were assessed for sweetness at concentrations of 10% and 20%. Only in the cases of 21% D. E. glucose syrup and D‐glucose was there no significant increase in sweetness at 10% after hydrogenation and at 20%, only with D‐glucose. These results contrast with a previous report. Hydrogenation of mono‐ and disaccharides, except D‐glucose and cellobiose, resulted in increased sweetness. Various theories are proposed to explain the results.
Statistical models in medical image analysis (2000)

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2000.
Sorting drops and cells with acoustics: acoustic microfluidic fluorescence-activated cell sorter (2014)

We describe a versatile microfluidic fluorescence-activated cell sorter that uses acoustic actuation to sort cells or drops at ultra-high rates. Our acoustic sorter combines the advantages of traditional fluorescence-activated cell (FACS) and droplet sorting (FADS) and is applicable for a multitude of objects. We sort aqueous droplets, at rates as high as several kHz, into two or even more outlet channels. We can also sort cells directly from the medium without prior encapsulation into drops; we demonstrate this by sorting fluorescently labeled mouse melanoma cells in a single phase fluid. Our acoustic microfluidic FACS is compatible with standard cell sorting cytometers, yet, at the same time, enables a rich variety of more sophisticated applications.
The GEF Bcr activates RhoA/MAL signaling to promote keratinocyte differentiation via desmoglein-1 (2013)

Although much is known about signaling factors downstream of Rho GTPases that contribute to epidermal differentiation, little is known about which upstream regulatory proteins (guanine nucleotide exchange factors [GEFs] or GTPase-activating proteins [GAPs]) are involved in coordinating Rho signaling in keratinocytes. Here we identify the GEF breakpoint cluster region (Bcr) as a major upstream regulator of RhoA activity, stress fibers, and focal adhesion formation in keratinocytes. Loss of Bcr reduced expression of multiple markers of differentiation (such as desmoglein-1 [Dsg1], keratin-1, and loricrin) and abrogated MAL/SRF signaling in differentiating keratinocytes. We further demonstrated that loss of Bcr or MAL reduced levels of Dsg1 mRNA in keratinocytes, and ectopic expression of Dsg1 rescued defects in differentiation seen upon loss of Bcr or MAL signaling. Taken together, these data identify the GEF Bcr as a regulator of RhoA/MAL signaling in keratinocytes, which in turn promotes differentiation through the desmosomal cadherin Dsg1.
Optimal Multiple Surface Segmentation With Shape and Context Priors (2012)

Segmentation of multiple surfaces in medical images is a challenging problem, further complicated by the frequent presence of weak boundary evidence, large object deformations, and mutual influence between adjacent objects. This paper reports a novel approach to multi-object segmentation that incorporates both shape and context prior knowledge in a 3-D graph-theoretic framework to help overcome the stated challenges. We employ an arc-based graph representation to incorporate a wide spectrum of prior information through pair-wise energy terms. In particular, a shape-prior term is used to penalize local shape changes and a context-prior term is used to penalize local surface-distance changes from a model of the expected shape and surface distances, respectively. The globally optimal solution for multiple surfaces is obtained by computing a maximum flow in a low-order polynomial time. The proposed method was validated on intraretinal layer segmentation of optical coherence tomography images and demonstrated statistically significant improvement of segmentation accuracy compared to our earlier graph-search method that was not utilizing shape and context priors. The mean unsigned surface positioning errors obtained by the conventional graph-search approach (6.30 ±1.58 μ m) was improved to 5.14±0.99 μ m when employing our new method with shape and context priors.