gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Deoxyguanosine adducts of t-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal are endogenous DNA lesions in rodents and humans: detection and potential sources. (2000)

t-4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) is a free radical-mediated oxidation product of polyunsaturated fatty acids. As an electrophile, HNE readily binds to proteins and yields diastereomeric cyclic 1,N2-propano adducts with deoxyguanosine (dG). Here, we report the detection and identification of the HNE-derived cyclic 1,N2-propano-dG adducts as endogenous DNA lesions in tissues of untreated rats and humans using a highly sensitive 32P-postlabeling method in conjunction with high-performance liquid chromatography. These adducts were first verified by their comigration with the synthetic UV standards of HNE-dG adducts. Subsequently, their identities were unequivocally established by two independent reactions. An approximately 37-fold increase in the levels of HNE-dG adducts was observed in the liver DNA of F344 rats after treatment with CCl4, suggesting that tissue lipid peroxidation is a likely source of their formation. Our studies in vitro further indicate that omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids are likely a unique class of fatty acids involved in HNE-dG adduct formation.
Polymer thermosetting organic light-emitting devices (1998)

We report a systematic study of novel single- and double-layer thermosetting light-emitting devices (LED's) based on triarytamines for hole transport layer and fluorenes for the emitting and electron transport layer. These devices possess high-thermal stability, high-quantum efficiency, and high-bandgap emission (blue and green). We have fabricated dot matrix displays based on analogs of these materials.
Inheritance of Resistance to Powdery Mildew Race 1W in Watermelon (2015)

Powdery mildew caused by Podosphaera xanthii is a major disease of watermelon in Israel. In this study, 291 accessions of Citrullus spp. were evaluated for resistance against P. xanthii race 1W. Only eight accessions exhibited high level of resistance. Inheritance of resistance against P. xanthii race 1W was studied by crossing three resistant accession of Citrullus lanatus var. citroides BIU 119, PI 189225, or PI 482312 with the susceptible cultivar 'Malali' or 'Sugar Baby'. Parents, F1, F2, and back cross progenies were evaluated for resistance in growth chambers at the cotyledon stage and the 4-leaf stage and in the field, at the 15-leaf stage. Resistance at the cotyledon stage was controlled by a single, partially dominant gene, whereas at the 4-leaf stage or the 15-leaf stage resistance was controlled by three complimentary, partially dominant genes. Crosses made among these resistant accessions revealed that BIU 119 and PI 189225 carry the same genes for resistance, whereas PI 482312 shares two out of three genes with both BIU 119 and PI 189225. A breeding line with high resistance level and good fruit qualities was developed from BIU 119 × HA5500.
Stereoselective Synthesis of β-Glycosyl Thiols and Their Synthetic Applications (2013)

A significantly fast reaction condition for the exclusive preparation β-glycosyl thiol derivatives has been developed successfully. The reaction condition is one-step, fast, high yielding, highly stereoselective, and requires only benchtop chemicals. Further reaction of glycosyl thiol derivatives with Michael acceptors and alkylating agents furnished thioglycosides and (1,1)-thiolinked trehalose analogs.
3-D gesture-based scene navigation in medical imaging applications using Time-of-Flight cameras (2008)

For a lot of applications, and particularly for medical intra-operative applications, the exploration of and navigation through 3-D image data provided by sensors like ToF (time-of-flight) cameras, MUSTOF (multisensor-time-of-flight) endoscopes or CT (computed tomography) [8], requires a user-interface which avoids physical interaction with an input device. Thus, we process a touchless user-interface based on gestures classified by the data provided by a ToF camera. Reasonable and necessary user interactions are described. For those interactions a suitable set of gestures is introduced. A user-interface is then proposed, which interprets the current gesture and performs the assigned functionality. For evaluating the quality of the developed user-interface we considered the aspects of classification rate, real-time applicability, usability, intuitiveness and training time. The results of our evaluation show that our system, which provides a classification rate of 94.3% at a framerate of 11 frames per second, satisfactorily addresses all these quality requirements.
Diamond cold cathode (1991)

Diamond cold cathodes have been formed by fabricating mesa-etched diodes using carbon ion implantation into p-type diamond substrates. When these diodes are forward biased, current is emitted into vacuum. The cathode efficiency (emitted current divided by diode current) varies from 2*10/sup -4/ to 1*10/sup -10/ and increases with the addition of 10/sup -2/-torr partial pressure of O/sub 2/ into the vacuum system. Current densities of 0.1 to 1 A-cm/sup -2/ are estimated for a diode current of 10 mA. This compares favorably with Si cold cathodes (not coated with Cs), which have efficiencies of approximately 2*10/sup -5/ and current densities of approximately 2*10/sup -2/ A-cm/sup -2/. It is believed that higher current densities and efficiencies can be obtained with more efficient cathode designs and an ultrahigh-vacuum environment.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Synthesis of a reverse ylide from a nucleophilic carbene (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of a reverse ylide from a nucleophilic carbeneAnthony J. Arduengo III, Michael Kline, Joseph C. Calabrese, and Fredric DavidsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 25, 9704–9705Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00025a063https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00025a063research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1477Altmetric-Citations139LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
In vivo prostaglandin E2 treatment alters the bone marrow microenvironment and preferentially expands short-term hematopoietic stem cells (2009)

Microenvironmental signals can determine hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) fate choices both directly and through stimulation of niche cells. In the bone marrow, prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) is known to affect both osteoblasts and osteoclasts, whereas in vitro it expands HSCs and affects differentiation of hematopoietic progenitors. We hypothesized that in vivo PGE(2) treatment could expand HSCs through effects on both HSCs and their microenvironment. PGE(2)-treated mice had significantly decreased number of bone trabeculae, suggesting disruption of their microarchitecture. In addition, in vivo PGE(2) increased lineage(-) Sca-1(+) c-kit(+) bone marrow cells without inhibiting their differentiation. However, detailed immunophenotyping demonstrated a PGE(2)-dependent increase in short-term HSCs/multipotent progenitors (ST-HSCs/MPPs) only. Bone marrow cells transplanted from PGE(2) versus vehicle-treated donors had superior lymphomyeloid reconstitution, which ceased by 16 weeks, also suggesting that ST-HSCs were preferentially expanded. This was confirmed by serial transplantation studies. Thus in vivo PGE(2) treatment, probably through a combination of direct and microenvironmental actions, preferentially expands ST-HSCs in the absence of marrow injury, with no negative impact on hematopoietic progenitors or long-term HSCs. These novel effects of PGE(2) could be exploited clinically to increase donor ST-HSCs, which are highly proliferative and could accelerate hematopoietic recovery after stem cell transplantation.
Multiplex PCR Allows Rapid and Accurate Diagnosis of Bloodstream Infections in Newborns and Children with Suspected Sepsis (2011)

Sepsis is a major health problem in newborns and children. Early detection of pathogens allows initiation of appropriate antimicrobial therapy that strongly correlates with positive outcomes. Multiplex PCR has the potential to rapidly identify bloodstream infections, compensating for the loss of blood culture sensitivity. In an Italian pediatric hospital, multiplex PCR (the LightCycler SeptiFast test) was compared to routine blood culture with 1,673 samples obtained from 803 children with suspected sepsis; clinical and laboratory information was used to determine the patient infection status. Excluding results attributable to contaminants, SeptiFast showed a sensitivity of 85.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 78.7 to 89.7%) and a specificity of 93.5% (95% CI = 92.1 to 94.7%) compared to blood culture. The rate of positive results was significantly higher with SeptiFast (14.6%) than blood culture (10.3%) (P < 0.0001), and the overall positivity rate was 16.1% when the results of both tests were combined. Staphylococcus aureus (11.6%), coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) (29.6%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16.5%), and Klebsiella spp. (10.1%) were the most frequently detected. SeptiFast identified 97 additional isolates that blood culture failed to detect (24.7% P. aeruginosa, 23.7% CoNS, 14.4% Klebsiella spp., 14.4% Candida spp.). Among specimens taken from patients receiving antibiotic therapy, we also observed a significantly higher rate of positivity of SeptiFast than blood culture (14.1% versus 6.5%, respectively; P < 0.0001). On the contrary, contaminants were significantly more frequent among blood cultures than SeptiFast (n = 97 [5.8%] versus n = 26 [1.6%]), respectively; P < 0.0001). SeptiFast served as a highly valuable adjunct to conventional blood culture in children, adding diagnostic value and shortening the time to result (TTR) to 6 h.
Practice and effective analysis of continuous quality improvement in nosocomial infection prevention and control (2022)

Objective To analyze the role and effect of continuous quality improvement in nosocomial infection prevention and control. Methods In order to improve the effect of nosocomial infection prevention and control, a set of continuous quality improvement measures had been carried out since January, 2021. Totally 500 hospitalized patients with hospital admission from January to December 2020 were selected as the control group, and 500 hospitalized patients with hospital admission from January to December 2021 were selected as the observation group, At the same time, 60 medical and nursing staffs were selected for clinical research. This study will evaluate the role and effect of continuous quality improvement in nosocomial infection prevention and control by comparing the differences in the occurrence of nosocomial infection between the two groups of patients, the scores of medical staff's mastery of nosocomial infection related knowledge at different time points, and the differences in the satisfaction of the two groups of patients with infection prevention and control. Results The incidence of incision infection, skin infection, urinary system infection and respiratory system infection in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group, and the difference between the groups was statistically significant (P < 0. 05). In 2020, the scores of hospital infection knowledge mastery among medical and nursing staffs in our hospital, such as safety protection, aseptic operation and occupational exposure, were significantly lower than those in 2021, with a significant difference (P < 0. 01). The satisfaction of patients in the observation group was higher than that in the control group, with a significant difference (P < 0. 01). Conclusion The implementation effect of continuous quality improvement measures in the prevention and control of nosocomial infection is remarkable. The implementation of this measure can not only improve the mastery of nosocomial infection related knowledge among hospital staffs, but also effectively reduce the risk of nosocomial infection. (目的 探讨持续质量改进在医院感染防控中的作用与实践效果。方法 医院为提升医院感染防控效果, 于2021年1月进行持续质量改进措施的施行。选取2020年1月—12月间在医院接受住院治疗的500例患者作为对照组, 另选取2021年1月—12月间在医院接受住院治疗的500例患者作为观察组; 同时抽取2020年1月—2021年12月间在医院工作的60名医护人员进行临床研究。对比两组患者的医院感染发生情况、不同时间点医护人员医院感染相关知识掌握程度评分和两组患者对于感染防控工作的满意度, 评析持续质量改进在医院感染防控中的作用与效果。结果 观察组患者的切口感染、皮肤感染、泌尿系统感染和呼吸系统感染发生率均低于对照组, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 05)。2020年度医院60名医护人员的安全防护、无菌操作和职业暴露等医院感染知识掌握评分均低于2021年度, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 01)。观察组患者对于感染防控工作的满意度高于对照组(P＜0. 01)。结论 持续质量改进措施在医院感染防控工作中的实施成效显著, 该措施的施行不仅能够提升医院工作人员的医院感染相关知识掌握程度, 还能效避免医院感染的发生。)
The circuit development of the ampliphase broadcasting transmitter (1954)

The paper describes the circuit design of a new type of broadcasting transmitter believed to be the most economical in equipment and valves and of the smallest dimensions and weight for a given power. It has an overall electrical efficiency and a modulation performance at least equal to that of the best known types. This latest type exploits phase-modulation internally in the transmitter to give a normal amplitude-modulated output—hence the term “ampliphase system”—amplitude-modulation derived from phase-modulation.
Parallel Synthesis of an Amide Library Based on the 6,8-Dioxa-3-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane Scaffold by Direct Aminolysis of Methyl Esters (2007)

An efficient synthesis of unsubstituted and substituted amides based on the 6,8-dioxa-3-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane scaffold is described. The reaction, carried out at 60 degrees C in the absence of solvent, is characterized by its mildness and ease of workup. A library of amides, was synthesized by combination of methyl esters 1-6 with various amines. In addition, the microwave-assisted automated synthesis of the library was compared with the above conventional parallel synthesis. Microwave synthesis significantly decreased the reaction time from hours to minutes.
Lipid-Based Nanocarriers for RNA Delivery (2015)

RNA-interference (RNAi) agents such as small-interfering RNA (siRNA) and micro-RNA (miRNA) have strong potential as therapeutic agents for the treatment of a broad range of diseases such as malignancies, infections, autoimmune diseases and neurological diseases that are associated with undesirable gene expression. In recent years, several clinical trials of RNAi therapeutics especially siRNAs have been conducted with limited success so far. For systemic administration of these poorly permeable and easily degradable macromolecules, it is obvious that a safe and efficient delivery platform is highly desirable. Because of high biocompatibility, biodegradability and solid track record for clinical use, nanocarriers made of lipids and/or phospholipids have been commonly employed to facilitate RNA delivery. In this article, the key features of the major sub-classes of lipid-based nanocarriers, e.g. liposomes, lipid nanoparticles and lipid nanoemulsions, will be reviewed. Focus of the discussion is on the various challenges researchers face when developing lipid-based RNA nanocarriers, such as the toxicity of cationic lipids and issues related to PEGylated lipids, as well as the strategies employed in tackling these challenges. It is hoped that by understanding more about the pros and cons of these most frequently used RNA delivery systems, the pharmaceutical scientists, biomedical researchers and clinicians will be more successful in overcoming some of the obstacles that currently limit the clinical translation of RNAi therapy.
Basal and Treatment-Induced Activation of AKT Mediates Resistance to Cell Death by AZD6244 (ARRY-142886) in <i>Braf-</i> Mutant Human Cutaneous Melanoma Cells (2010)

The majority of melanomas show constitutive activation of the RAS-RAF-MAP/ERK kinase (MEK)-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. AZD6244 is a selective MEK1/2 inhibitor that markedly reduces tumor P-MAPK levels, but it produces few clinical responses in melanoma patients. An improved understanding of the determinants of resistance to AZD6244 may lead to improved patient selection and effective combinatorial approaches. The effects of AZD6244 on cell growth and survival were tested in a total of 14 Braf-mutant and 3 wild-type human cutaneous melanoma cell lines. Quantitative assessment of phospho-protein levels in the Braf-mutant cell lines by reverse phase protein array (RPPA) analysis showed no significant association between P-MEK or P-MAPK levels and AZD6244 sensitivity, but activation-specific markers in the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT pathway correlated with resistance. We also identified resistant cell lines without basal activation of the PI3K-AKT pathway. RPPA characterization of the time-dependent changes in signaling pathways revealed that AZD6244 produced durable and potent inhibition of P-MAPK in sensitive and resistant Braf-mutant cell lines, but several resistant lines showed AZD6244-induced activation of AKT. In contrast, sensitive cell lines showed AZD6244 treatment-induced upregulation of PTEN protein and mRNA expression. Inhibition of AKT, TORC1/2, or insulin-like growth factor I receptor blocked AZD6244-induced activation of AKT and resulted in synergistic cell killing with AZD6244. These findings identify basal and treatment-induced regulation of the PI3K-AKT pathway as a critical regulator of AZD6244 sensitivity in Braf-mutant cutaneous melanoma cells and the novel regulation of PTEN expression by AZD6244 in sensitive cells, and suggest new combinatorial approaches for patients.
On Combining Laplacian And Optimization-Based Mesh Smoothing Techniques (1997)

Local mesh smoothing algorithms have been shown to be effective in repairing distorted elements in automatically generated meshes. The simplest such algorithm is Laplacian smoothing, which moves grid points to the geometric center of incident vertices. Unfortunately, this method operates heuristically and can create invalid meshes or elements of worse quality than those contained in the original mesh. In contrast, optimization-based methods are designed to maximize some measure of mesh quality and are very effective at eliminating extremal angles in the mesh. These improvements come at a higher computational cost, however. In this article we propose four smoothing techniques that combine a smart variant of Laplacian smoothing with an optimization-based approach. Several numerical experiments are performed that compare the mesh quality and computational cost for each of the methods in two and three dimensions. We find that the combined approaches are very cost effective and yield high-quality meshes.
Gene-based vaccines and immunotherapeutics (2004)

DNA vaccines, comprised of plasmid DNA encoding proteins from pathogens, allergens, and tumors, are being evaluated as prophylactic vaccines and therapeutic treatments for infectious diseases, allergies, and cancer; plasmids encoding normal human proteins are likewise being tested as vaccines and treatments for autoimmune diseases. Examples of in vivo prophylaxis and immunotherapy, based on different types of immune responses (humoral and cellular), in a variety of disease models and under evaluation in early phase human clinical trials are presented. Viral vectors continue to show better levels of expression than those achieved by DNA plasmid vectors. We have focused our clinical efforts, at this time, on the use of recombinant viral vectors for both vaccine as well as cytokine gene transfer studies. We currently have four clinical programs in cancer immunotherapy. Two nonspecific immunotherapy programs are underway that apply adenoviral vectors for the transfer of cytokine genes into tumors in situ. An adenovirus-IFN gamma construct (TG1042) is currently being tested in phase II clinical trials in cutaneous lymphoma. A similar construct, adenovirus-IL2 (TG1024), also injected directly into solid tumors, is currently being tested in patients with solid tumors (about one-half of which are melanoma). Encouraging results are seen in both programs. Two cancer vaccine immunotherapy programs focus on two cancer-associated antigens: human papilloma virus E6 and E7 proteins and the epithelial cancer-associated antigen MUC1. Both are encoded by a highly attenuated vaccinia virus vector [modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA)] and both are coexpressed with IL-2. Encouraging results seen in both of these programs are described.
Multiple wavelength vertical-cavity laser arrayemploying molecular beam epitaxy regrowth (1996)

Multiple wavelength 4 × 2 vertical-cavity laser diode arrays with 30 µm pitch exhibit a 17 nm wavelength span. The wavelength distribution is arbitrary within the 2-D array. The laser elements feature singlemode emission with submilliamp threshold currents.
Emission Properties of Electrodeless Argon Gas Discharge in VUV Region (1987)

The dependences of the VUV light intensity from an electrodeless Argon gas discharge on various parameters such as the gas pressure, gas flow rate, input voltage, input current and discharge current were investigated. These data can be utilized in designing this type of VUV light source. The peak intensity of the light in the 50 to 110 nm wavelength region was estimated to be about 1.8×10 -4 W/cm 2 at the output aperture of the discharge tube.
Regulated expression of the Alcaligenes eutrophus pha biosynthesis genes in Escherichia coli (1995)

A novel poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) production system in which the expression and gene dosage of the Alcaligenes eutrophus pha biosynthetic operon were effectively regulated by cultivation temperature was constructed in Escherichia coli. The pha operon was fused to the negatively regulated tac promoter and cloned into a vector in which the copy number is temperature dependent. A two-phase process was employed to produce PHB during fed-batch growth. In the growth phase, the culture was maintained at a low temperature. Under this condition, the plasmid copy number was depressed and the number of LacI proteins was sufficient to repress tacupha transcription. The production phase was initiated by temperature upshift. At the elevated temperature, the number of plasmids surpassed the number of LacI repressors, which resulted in rapid induction of tacupha transcription, synthesis of poly-beta-hydroxyalkanoate-specific proteins, and polymer synthesis. During the production phase, the PHB production rate was 1.07 g of PHB liter-1 h-1 under optimized conditions. This rate is comparable to that of bacteria which naturally produce this polymer.
English Majors’ Translation Learning: A Questionnaire-Based Study (2013)

This paper investigates the translation learning of English majors. Specifically it reports on the effective ways of teaching and learning translation and English major’s translation learning techniques. It also discusses what is in a good translation syllabus. Data come from a questionnaire that was designed to investigate English major’s translation learning techniques consisted of 32 questions, with 30 ranking questions and 2 open-ended questions. Those questions are divided into 3 sections. The paper reports on 89 of 100 questionnaires. Key words: Translation study; Translation syllabus; Translation teaching methods; Translation learning techniques