gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The adhesive and migratory effects of osteopontin are mediated via distinct cell surface integrins. Role of alpha v beta 3 in smooth muscle cell migration to osteopontin in vitro. (1995)

Osteopontin is an arginine-glycine-aspartate containing acidic glycoprotein postulated to mediate adhesion, migration, and biomineralization in diverse tissues. The mechanisms explaining this multifunctionality are not well understood, although it is known that one osteopontin receptor is the alpha v beta 3 integrin. In this work, we studied human smooth muscle cells varying in alpha v beta 3 levels to identify additional osteopontin receptors. We report that, in addition to alpha v beta 3, both alpha v beta 5 and alpha v beta 1 are osteopontin receptors. Moreover, the presence or absence of alpha v beta 3 on the cell surface altered the adhesive and migratory responses of smooth muscle cells to osteopontin. Adhesion of alpha v beta 3-deficient cell populations to osteopontin was only half that of cells containing alpha v beta 3, and migration toward an osteopontin gradient in the Boyden chamber was dependent on cell surface alpha v beta 3. Although alpha v beta 3-deficient smooth muscle cells were unable to migrate to osteopontin, they did migrate significantly in response to vitronectin and fibronectin. These findings represent the first description of alpha v beta 5 and alpha v beta 1 as osteopontin receptors and suggest that, while adhesion to osteopontin is supported by integrins containing beta 1, beta 3, and beta 5, migration in response to osteopontin appears to depend on alpha v beta 3. Thus, interaction with distinct receptors is one mechanism by which osteopontin may initiate multiple functions.
CpG oligonucleotides accelerate and boost the immune response elicited by AVA, the licensed anthrax vaccine (2006)

Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) containing unmethylated CpG motifs act as immune adjuvants, improving the immune response elicited by coadministered vaccines. Combining CpG ODN with anthrax vaccine adsorbed (AVA), the licensed human vaccine, can increase the speed, magnitude and avidity of the resultant anti-anthrax response in mice, rhesus macaques and humans. Adsorbing the CpG ODN onto cationic poly(actide-coglycolides) microparticles further boosts immunity to coadministered AVA. The antibody response induced by CpG ODN plus AVA confers protection against systemic anthrax challenge in multiple animal models. These findings suggest that CpG ODN, alone or in combination with other adjuvants and delivery strategies, may support the development of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines against biothreat pathogens.
Rho GTPase signaling regulates tight junction assembly and protects tight junctions during ATP depletion (1998)

Tight junctions control paracellular permeability and cell polarity. Rho GTPase regulates tight junction assembly, and ATP depletion of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells (an in vitro model of renal ischemia) disrupts tight junctions. The relationship between Rho GTPase signaling and ATP depletion was examined. Rho inhibition resulted in decreased localization of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and occludin at cell junctions; conversely, constitutive Rho signaling caused an accumulation of ZO-1 and occludin at cell junctions. Inhibiting Rho before ATP depletion resulted in more extensive loss of junctional components between transfected cells than control junctions, whereas cells expressing activated Rho better maintained junctions during ATP depletion than control cells. ATP depletion and Rho signaling altered phosphorylation signaling mechanisms. ZO-1 and occludin exhibited rapid decreases in phosphoamino acid content following ATP depletion, which was restored on recovery. Expression of Rho mutant proteins in MDCK cells also altered levels of occludin serine/threonine phosphorylation, indicating that occludin is a target for Rho signaling. We conclude that Rho GTPase signaling induces posttranslational effects on tight junction components. Our data also demonstrate that activating Rho signaling protects tight junctions from damage during ATP depletion.
Uptake and Distribution of Labeled Carbon from <sup>14</sup> C-Asparagine by <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (1969)

Asparagine supplies not only nitrogen but also carbon to growing cells of Myobacterium tuberculosis. The carbon of asparagine is rapidly taken up and extensively utilized.
Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase from Human Erythrocytes (1968)

Abstract Purine nucleoside phosphorylase (purine nucleoside: orthophosphate ribosyltransferase, EC 2.4.2.1) from human erythrocytes has been purified about 7000-fold to a specific activity of 80 µm units per mg of protein. At this state of purity, single coincident peaks of enzymatic activity and protein emerged from Sephadex G-100 columns. Use of the molecular sieve method of Andrews permitted estimation of the molecular weight at about 80,000. The enzyme is inactivated by thiol reagents such as Ellman's reagent or p-chlormercuribenzoate, and the lost activity may be partially restored by thiols such as mercaptoethanol or dithiothreitol. In addition to its phosphorolytic activity, the enzyme catalyzes a slow ribosyl transfer reaction in the absence of inorganic orthophosphate. The ratio of these activities remained relatively constant throughout purification, and it was not possible to detect any separation of these activities. Kinetic measurements with inosine and deoxyinosine as substrates revealed linear Lineweaver-Burk plots at low concentration, but downward curvatures as the concentration was increased. The results of alternative substrate studies were consistent with the hypothesis that the enzyme is multivalent with cooperative interaction between the active sites.
[A brief introduction to MEDLINE and a guide for authors]. (2006)

Medical literature analysis and retrieval system online (MEDLINE) established by National Library of Medicine, USA (NLM) is the most important biomedical database all over the world. This article introduces the database of MEDLINE and Chinese periodicals indexed in MEDLINE in 2006. Several suggestions are made as well, with the aim of providing a guide for authors to contribute to periodicals indexed in MEDLINE so as to extend the international influence of the articles, authors and related hospitals.
Cross-correlations of the Movements in the Timed Functional Movement Battery for Elderly Clients (1996)

Departments of Physical Therapy, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Fla. This work is supported in part by grants from the DSR, University of Florida.
Upside-down FETS (2008)

To address key challenges in transistor scaling [1,2], we have used 3D oxide bonding technology in a new way, to fabricate CMOS devices and circuits in which the gate is on the opposite side of the channel from the contacts between the FET and the first wiring level (M1). That is, the FET is upside down com pared to conventional CMOS technology (Fig. 1). For device scaling beyond the 45nm node the space between densely packed adjacent gates has be come so small that contacts (CA) between source/ drain salicide and M1 cause significant parasitic capacitance to the gate (Fig.2). In addition, simu lations show that as CA metallurgy disrupts stress liner continuity, it significantly reduces the stress enhanced drive current of the FETs [3]. Finally, metallization of high aspect CA holes is challenging, and accurate lithographic definition is quite difficult amid the gate topology. Such scaling related issues may be eliminated by the upside-down FET (UFET) design in which the CA contacts and wiring levels are placed on the back side of the FET. We also would argue that this new transistor geometry would offer significant performance advantage for the 22nm node and beyond. This experimental demonstration of the first successful use of 3D processing techniques to enhance conventional PDSOI devices provides a new venue to enable future generations of CMOS scaling.
Measuring OS support for real-time CORBA ORBs (1999)

The paper compares and evaluates the suitability of real time operating systems, VxWorks and LynxOS, and general purpose operating systems with real time extensions, Windows NT, Solaris, and Linux, for real time ORB middleware. While holding the hardware and ORB constant, we vary these operating systems and measure platform-specific variations in context switching overhead and priority inversions. Our findings illustrate that general purpose operating systems like Windows NT, Solaris, and Linux are not yet suited to meet the demands of applications with stringent QoS requirements. Although Linux provides good raw performance, its high jitter makes it unsuitable for real time applications. Both LynxOS and VxWorks do enable predictable and efficient ORB performance, however, thereby making them suitable as OS platforms for real time CORBA applications. In general, our results underscore the need for a measure-driven methodology to pinpoint sources of overhead and priority inversion in real time ORB endsystems.
Complementarity Between a Docking and a High-Throughput Screen in Discovering New Cruzain Inhibitors (2010)

Virtual and high-throughput screens (HTS) should have complementary strengths and weaknesses, but studies that prospectively and comprehensively compare them are rare. We undertook a parallel docking and HTS screen of 197861 compounds against cruzain, a thiol protease target for Chagas disease, looking for reversible, competitive inhibitors. On workup, 99% of the hits were eliminated as false positives, yielding 146 well-behaved, competitive ligands. These fell into five chemotypes: two were prioritized by scoring among the top 0.1% of the docking-ranked library, two were prioritized by behavior in the HTS and by clustering, and one chemotype was prioritized by both approaches. Determination of an inhibitor/cruzain crystal structure and comparison of the high-scoring docking hits to experiment illuminated the origins of docking false-negatives and false-positives. Prioritizing molecules that are both predicted by docking and are HTS-active yields well-behaved molecules, relatively unobscured by the false-positives to which both techniques are individually prone.
TU‐E‐330D‐04: Estimation of Cardiologists Radiation Doses Received During Interventional Examinations (2006)

Purpose: The aim of this work is to suggest a simple method for the estimation of cardiologist extremity doses. Method and Materials: The extremity and effective doses of nine cardiologists working at five different angiographic units were measured for 157 interventional examinations. Simultaneous measurement of patient doses were also carried out using a DAP meter separately for each projection. Fluoroscopy time (T fl ), number of radiographic frames (N rf ) were recorded on‐line during these measurements. A Rando phantom was exposed at similar projections with patient studies and one minute of fluoroscopic exposure (DFL x,n ) and one frame of radiographic exposure (DRN x,n ) were determined for each projection. Scatter radiations from these exposures were also measured at 50, 100 and 150 cm above the floor level at the cardiologist positions for the estimation of legs, wrists and thyroid (or eye) doses. Weighting of projections were determined for the patient group of each cardiologist using the recorded values of T fl and N rf Extremity doses, D x were calculated from the following formula: urn:x-wiley:0094-2405:media:mp1615:mp1615-math-0001 n gives the projection number and x is the distance from the floor level. Results: Measured and calculated extremity doses for each cardiologist were in good agreement (R= 0.75 for thyroid). The calculated doses for 50cm and 100cm were found within the measured values of left and right legs and wrists. The use of dominant projection data alone still provided comparable results. Conclusion: If there is a lock of personal dosimetry for cardiologists, it could be possible to make an estimation of extremity doses from the of total fluoroscopy time and frame numbers used in the examinations together with the knowledge of scatter radiations at cardiologist positions.
Cognition-sensitive design and user modeling for syntax-directed editors (1986)

Syntax-directed editors were created with the intent of aiding in and improving the programming process. Despite their potential, they have not been successful, as evidenced by limited use. In general, they are perceived as being too difficult to use and the benefits of their use are outweighed by the difficulties.
Serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels correlate with infrarenal aortic diameter in healthy older men: is AMH a cardiovascular hormone? (2013)

Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a gonadal hormone present in the blood in men and pre-menopausal women. AMH regulates male sexual differentiation but has no putative function in adulthood. In recent studies, high AMH levels are associated with absence of cardiovascular disease in men and smaller atherosclerotic burden in monkeys. Mechanistically, AMH has downstream convergence with known regulators of the cardiovascular system, while the specific receptor for AMH is present in murine aorta and the human heart. Our primary objective was to examine whether AMH levels in healthy men correlated with the physical characteristics of their aorta. Our secondary aim was to document whether men with distinct vascular disorders expressed different levels of AMH. Serum AMH assayed by ELISA in 153 men (54-93 years) free from vascular disease inversely correlated with the ultrasonographic diameters of the distal- (r=-0.22, P=0.006) and mid-infrarenal aorta (r=-0.26, P=0.008). This association was similar in magnitude but opposite to that of body surface area (largest known determinant of aortic diameter) and independent of known cardiovascular risk factors. This relationship is specific to AMH, as inhibin B, a Sertoli cell hormone-like AMH, did not correlate with aortic diameter (r=-0.04, P=0.66) despite partially correlating with AMH. Among men with known vascular disease, higher AMH levels were associated with varicose vein disease, while men with higher levels of AMH were under-represented in the abdominal aortic aneurysm relative to the healthy cohort. These findings identify AMH as a novel putative regulator of the cardiovascular system.
Polymetallic Complexes. Part-XIII. Iron-, Cobalt-, Nickel-, Copper-, Zinc- and Mercury-(II) Complexes with ONO Tridentate Schiff Bases (1990)

Department of Chemistry, G. M. College, Sambalpur-768 004 <em>Manuscript received 8 July 1986, revised 28 July 1988, accepted 15 February 1990</em> Polymetallic Complexes. Part-XIII. Iron-, Cobalt-, Nickel-, Copper-, Zinc- and Mercury-(II) Complexes with ONO Tridentate Schiff Bases
P-cadherin expression in breast cancer: a review (2007)

P-cadherin is frequently over-expressed in high-grade invasive breast carcinomas and has been reported to be an enhancer of migration and invasion of breast cancer cells, being correlated with tumour aggressiveness. In addition, expression of P-cadherin is well established as an indicator of poor prognosis in human breast cancer, which has stimulated our interest in studying its role in this setting. This review describes the most important findings on P-cadherin expression and function in normal mammary tissue and breast cancer cells, emphasizing that further research is required to elucidate the role played by this protein in human mammary tumours.
Molecular basis for the discrimination of repressive methyl-lysine marks in histone H3 by Polycomb and HP1 chromodomains (2003)

On the histone H3 tail, Lys 9 and Lys 27 are both methylation sites associated with epigenetic repression, and reside within a highly related sequence motif ARKS. Here we show that the chromodomain proteins Polycomb (Pc) and HP1 (heterochromatin protein 1) are highly discriminatory for binding to these sites in vivo and in vitro. In Drosophila S2 cells, and on polytene chromosomes, methyl-Lys 27 and Pc are both excluded from areas that are enriched in methyl-Lys 9 and HP1. Swapping of the chromodomain regions of Pc and HP1 is sufficient for switching the nuclear localization patterns of these factors, indicating a role for their chromodomains in both target site binding and discrimination. To better understand the molecular basis for the selection of methyl-lysine binding sites, we solved the 1.8 A structure of the Pc chromodomain in complex with a H3 peptide bearing trimethyl-Lys 27, and compared it with our previously determined structure of the HP1 chromodomain in complex with a H3 peptide bearing trimethyl-Lys 9. The Pc chromodomain distinguishes its methylation target on the H3 tail via an extended recognition groove that binds five additional residues preceding the ARKS motif.
Role of glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) in inflammatory bone loss (2017)

TNF-α plays a key role in the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and inflammatory bone loss. Unfortunately, treatment of RA with anti-inflammatory glucocorticoids (GCs) also causes bone loss resulting in osteoporosis. Our previous studies showed that overexpression of glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ), a mediator of GC's anti-inflammatory effect, can enhance osteogenic differentiation in vitro and bone acquisition in vivo. To investigate whether GILZ could antagonize TNF-α-induced arthritic inflammation and protect bone in mice, we generated a TNF-α-GILZ double transgenic mouse line (TNF-GILZ Tg) by crossbreeding a TNF-α Tg mouse, which ubiquitously expresses human TNF-α, with a GILZ Tg mouse, which expresses mouse GILZ under the control of a 3.6kb rat type I collagen promoter fragment. Results showed that overexpression of GILZ in bone marrow mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells protected mice from TNF-α-induced inflammatory bone loss and improved bone integrity (TNF-GILZ double Tg vs. TNF-αTg, n = 12-15). However, mesenchymal cell lineage restricted GILZ expression had limited effects on TNF-α-induced arthritic inflammation as indicated by clinical scores and serum levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines.
Myosin Structure And Function In Cell Motility (1987)

Cells organize many of their biochemical reactions in non-membrane compartments. Recent evidence has shown that many of these compartments are liquids that form by phase separation from the cytoplasm. Here we discuss the basic physical concepts necessary ...Read More
The Cost-effectiveness of Vaccination Against Lyme Disease (2001)

Vaccination against Lyme disease appears only to be economically attractive for individuals who have a seasonal probability of Borrelia burgdorferi infection of greater than 1%.
Functional analysis of the effects of a fully humanized anti-CD4 antibody on resting and activated human T cells. (1995)

A fully humanized anti-CD4 antibody was studied for its effects on resting and activated CD4 T cells. Whereas the antibody was poorly lytic, it induced dramatic down-modulation of CD4 expression on both types of cell. In order to down-modulate CD4 on resting, normal CD4 T cells there was an absolute requirement for FcR-mediated cross-linking of the anti-CD4 antibody, and only CD4 levels were affected. When activated cloned T-cell lines were studied there was no requirement for cross-linking and several other cell surface markers were also affected. Although the total cellular CD4 was reduced in the down-modulated cells, as judged by Western blot analysis, that CD4 which remained was associated with p56lck. The results are discussed in relation to the potential use of humanized anti-CD4 antibodies in the therapy of autoimmune disease and the choice of antibody isotype for such a therapeutic antibody.
Drift-Tolerant Multilevel Phase-Change Memory (2011)

Multilevel-cell (MLC) storage is a typical way for achieving increased capacity and thus lower cost-per-bit in memory technologies. In phase-change memory (PCM), however, MLC storage is seriously hampered by the phenomenon of resistance drift. Reference cells may be used to offer some relief, however their effectiveness is limited due to the stochastic nature of drift. In this paper, an alternative way to cope with drift in PCM is introduced, based on modulation coding. The new drift tolerant coding technique encodes information in the relative order of resistance levels in a codeword. Experimental results from a 90-nm PCM prototype chip demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in offering high resilience to drift. Most notably, 4 levels/cell storage with raw bit-error-rates in the order of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-5</sup> is achieved in a 200 kcell array and maintained for over 30 days after programming at room temperature.
Uses of Blogs in Legal Education (2006)

Over the past decade the use of blogs as a new communication technology has rapidly expanded. Today, individuals, businesses, communities and increasingly educational institutions use approximately 60 million blogs. This paper looks at the potential use of blogs in legal education. From a pedagogical perspective, the proper use of blogs provides numerous educational benefits. While blogs cannot and will not replace face-to-face contact or more traditional forms of content delivery, their use can enrich student learning. However, the use of blogs must be balanced against possible criticisms and potential weaknesses that are also explored in this paper. The pedagogical justification for the use of blogs in legal education, along with student willingness to embrace this new communication technology, is tested by two surveys, one of first year law students and another of Masters students. The theory and practice of blogging indicates that law teachers should consider incorporating this innovative teaching mode into their teaching and learning methodology.
Novel Compound Enables High-Level Adenovirus Transduction in the Absence of an Adenovirus-Specific Receptor (2005)

Viral vectors are extensively used to deliver foreign DNA to cells for applications ranging from basic research to potential clinical therapies. A limiting step in this process is virus uptake and internalization into the target cells, which is mediated by membrane receptors. Although it is possible to modify viral capsid proteins to target the viruses, such procedures are complex and often unsuccessful. Here we present a rapid, inexpensive system for improving transduction of cells, including those that lack receptors for adenovirus fiber proteins. Addition of GeneJammer (Stratagene, La Jolla, CA) during the adenovirus transduction led to a significant increase in both the total number of transduced cells and the level of transgene expression per cell. Studies using cell lines deficient in adenovirus receptors demonstrated that addition of GeneJammer provided a novel cellular entry mechanism for the virus. These findings were tested in a cell-based gene therapy system for the induction of bone, which is contingent on high-level expression of the transgene. Inclusion of GeneJammer in either Ad5BMP2 or Ad5F35BMP2 transduction of a variety of cells demonstrated a correlating increase in bone formation. The results suggest a novel and versatile method for achieving high-level transduction using adenovirus.