gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Changes in axial bone density with age: A twin study (1993)

Bone mineral density in adult life, which is an important determinant of fracture risk, is determined by peak adult bone density, achieved in early adulthood and subsequent rates of change during adult life. Cross-sectional twin and family studies indicate that the majority of population variation in bone density may be explained by genetic factors. Although there is evidence for a genetic effect on peak bone mass, it is unknown whether there is a genetic effect on rates of changes in bone density with age. Changes in lumbar spine and femoral neck bone density determined by dual-photon absorptiometry (Lunar DP3) were examined in a cohort of monozygotic (MZ, n = 21, 3 male and 18 female pairs, median age, range, 46; 24-75 years) and dizygotic twins (DZ, n = 19; 43, 25-65 years). The median follow-up was 3 years (range 1.1-5.5 years), with each subject having at least two and up to four bone density assessments. In these twins, genetic factors determine variation in rates of change (% change/year) in lumbar spine bone density, rMZ = 0.93 and rDZ = 0.51, p < 0.02 (one tailed), and Ward's triangle, rMZ = 0.60, rDZ = 0.11, p < 0.05 (one tailed). Model-fitting analysis was also consistent with a genetic effect on rates of change in bone density at the trochanteric site, although such an effect was not shown at the femoral neck. These data demonstrate, for the first time, the possible existence of genetic determinants of rates of change in bone mineral density in adults.
Identification of a lipoamide dehydrogenase gene as second locus affected in poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid)-leaky mutants of Alcaligenes eutrophus (1992)

From a genomic library of Alcaligenes eutrophus strain H16 in the broad-host range cosmid pVK100 a 6300-bp EcoRI-fragment was cloned, which restored the wild-type phenotype in transposon-induced poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid)-leaky mutants, derived from A. eutrophus. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the region adjacent to the transposon insertion revealed an open reading frame which complied with all criteria for a coding region. This region was referred to as phbL, and the deduced amino acid sequence from this part of phbL showed 60% amino acid identity in an overlap of 98 residues to the lipoamide dehydrogenase gene (lpd) of Escherichia coli. In addition, the 6300-bp EcoRI-fragment conferred expression of lipoamide dehydrogenase activity to E. coli.
Agressie tegen scheidsrechters: een praktisch voorstel (2012)

status: Published
A decision-support framework for component reuse and maintenance in software project management (2004)

In software engineering, a piece of software is assembled from components or modules and these components in turn can be recursively made up from smaller subcomponents. The management of a software project involves tracking the development and maintenance of the individual components. Though tools exist to track component dependencies and historical changes, the key software management hurdle is the manual evaluation of the trade-offs. With the growing trend in software engineering to build and distribute software as well-defined components like Web services or EJBs, there is a real need of automated solutions to guide the developer in building and maintaining complex applications. We introduce an automated decision-support framework for software development and maintenance called PlanSP that can analyze different component assembly choices and assist the user in making cost-effective decisions. Our approach is to build a formal model of the software and use automated planning/reasoning techniques to produce alternative choices ("plans") to develop or maintain the software under consideration while respecting the user's effort and performance objectives. We have built a proof-of-concept prototype to demonstrate that the PlanSP framework is both useful and practical for project management of component-based software.
Suppression of the Expression of a Pancreatic β-Cell Form of the Kinesin Heavy Chain by Antisense Oligonucleotides Inhibits Insulin Secretion from Primary Cultures of Mouse β-Cells* (1997)

Granular/vesicular transport is thought to be supported by microtubule-based force-generating adenosine triphosphatases such as kinesin. Kinesin is a motor molecule that has been well studied in brain and other neuronal tissues. Although vesicular transport is important for pancreatic beta-cell secretory activities, the role of kinesin in beta-cell function has not been investigated. It is hypothesized that kinesin functions as a translocator that associates with both microtubules and insulin-containing granules in beta-cells and transports the secretory granules from deep within the cytoplasm, where insulin is synthesized and processed, to the surface of beta-cells upon secretory stimulation. To test this hypothesis, a mouse beta-cell kinesin heavy chain complementary DNA was cloned and sequenced. Kinesin expression in primary cultures of mouse beta-cells then was selectively suppressed by antimouse beta-cell kinesin heavy chain antisense oligonucleotide treatment. Analysis of insulin secretion determined that the basal level of insulin secretion from the treated cells was decreased by 50%. Furthermore, glucose-stimulated insulin release from treated beta-cells was reduced by almost 70% after suppression of kinesin expression by antisense treatment. The findings from this study provide the first direct evidence that kinesin, a microtubule-based motor protein, plays an important role in insulin secretion.
Tbx5 and Tbx4 trigger limb initiation through activation of the Wnt/Fgf signaling cascade (2003)

A tight loop between members of the fibroblast growth factor and the Wnt families plays a key role in the initiation of vertebrate limb development. We show for the first time that Tbx5 and Tbx4 are directly involved in this process. When dominant-negative forms of these Tbx genes were misexpressed in the chick prospective limb fields, a limbless phenotype arose with repression of both Wnt and Fgf genes By contrast, when Tbx5 and Tbx4 were misexpressed in the flank, an additional wing-like and an additional leg-like limbs were induced, respectively. This additional limb formation was accompanied by the induction of both Wnt and Fgf genes These results highlight the pivotal roles of Tbx5 and Tbx4 during limb initiation, specification of forelimb/hindlimb and evolution of tetrapod limbs, placing Tbx genes at the center of a highly conserved genetic program.
c‐Jun phosphorylation in Alzheimer disease (2007)

The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway is known to be activated by oxidative stress and can lead to either defensive-protective adaptations in the cell or apoptosis. The JNK pathway is activated in Alzheimer disease (AD), as demonstrated in studies showing higher levels of phospho-JNK in affected neurons in AD brains than in controls. c-Jun, a transcription factor, is the downstream effector of JNK, whose activation requires phosphorylation of Ser63/Ser73. In this study, we characterized and compared the localization of c-Jun phosphorylated at either Ser63 or Ser73 in the hippocampi of AD cases with that in age-matched controls. Phospho-c-Jun (Ser73) was found to be strongly associated with neurofibrillary tangles and granulovacuolar degeneration (GVD) in addition to the nuclei in neurons in the hippocampal regions of the AD brain, but was virtually absent in most controls. Phospho-c-Jun (Ser63) was also found to be associated with GVD in AD brains. Indeed, phospho-c-Jun (Ser73) immunostaining was much more extensive than that of phospho-c-Jun (Ser63), with all the phospho-c-Jun (Ser63)-positive neurons also being phospho-c-Jun (Ser73) positive. Significant overlap between phospho-c-Jun and phospho-JNK suggested a mechanistic link. In addition, the neurons showing increased levels of phospho-c-Jun (Ser73) in the cytoplasmic GVD were negative for TUNEL, suggesting a mechanism protecting the cells from death. Overall, this study demonstrated specific alterations in c-Jun phosphorylation and distribution in AD which is not necessarily linked to apoptosis but rather may represent an adaptation process in the face of oxidative stress.
An Overview of Service Placement Problem in Fog and Edge Computing (2020)

To support the large and various applications generated by the Internet of Things (IoT), Fog Computing was introduced to complement the Cloud Computing and offer Cloud-like services at the edge of the network with low latency and real-time responses. Large-scale, geographical distribution, and heterogeneity of edge computational nodes make service placement in such infrastructure a challenging issue. Diversity of user expectations and IoT devices characteristics also complicate the deployment problem. This article presents a survey of current research conducted on Service Placement Problem (SPP) in the Fog/Edge Computing. Based on a new classification scheme, a categorization of current proposals is given and identified issues and challenges are discussed.
Performance improvement of MOSFET with HfO/sub 2/-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ laminate gate dielectric and CVD-TaN metal gate deposited by TAIMATA (2004)

For the first time, we integrated a HfO/sub 2/-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ laminate gate dielectric with a CVD-TaN metal gate deposited by TAIMATA (tertiaryamylimidotris dimethylamidotantalum) in n/pMOSFETs. It was found that TaN films with low impurity contents were required for optimized capacitance. Together with a slight improvement of the transconductance and a substantial gain in inversion EOT with HfAlO/TaN, improved current drivability was observed in comparison to nitrided-SiO/sub 2//poly-Si and HfAlON/poly-Si with similar EOTs. In addition, CVD-TaN resulted in improved J/sub g/ characteristics, showing F-N tunneling behavior with an effective barrier height of 1.1 eV in nMOS in the inversion region. These results suggest that a CVD-TaN metal gate is necessary for the implementation and scaling of high-k gate dielectrics.
Optimal buffer sharing (2002)

Addresses the problem of designing optimal buffer management policies in shared memory switches when packets already accepted in the switch can be dropped (pushed-out). The goal is to maximize the overall throughput, or equivalently to minimize the overall loss probability in the system. For a system with two output ports, the authors prove that the optimal policy is of pushout with threshold type (POT). The same result holds if the optimality criterion is the weighted sum of the port loss probabilities. For this system, the authors also give an approximate method for the calculation of the optimal threshold, which they conjecture to be asymptotically correct. For the N-ported system, the optimal policy is not known in general, but it is shown that for a symmetric system (equal traffic on all ports) it consists of always accepting arrivals when the buffer is not full, and dropping one from the longest queue to accommodate the new arrival when the buffer is full. Numerical investigations show that under the optimal POT policy the loss probability of a port is insensitive to traffic fluctuations in the other port.
Evaluation of INNO-LIA Syphilis Assay as a Confirmatory Test for Syphilis (2002)

We evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of a new confirmatory test for treponemal antibodies, INNO-LIA Syphilis (Innogenetics NV, Ghent, Belgium), on a large number of sera from a clinical laboratory. This multiparameter line immunoassay (LIA) uses recombinant and synthetic polypeptide antigens derived from Treponema pallidum proteins. In a single-blinded cross-sectional retrospective study, 289 seronegative sera, 219 seropositive sera, and 23 sera with an indeterminate serological status for syphilis were analyzed. All sera were tested by the T. pallidum hemagglutination assay (TPHA), the immunoglobulin (IgG)-fluorescent T. pallidum absorption assay (IgG-FTA-ABS), and the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test. In addition, some seropositive samples were analyzed by the 19S-IgM-FTA-ABS test, an enzyme immunoassay (IgM-EIA), and the MarDx immunoblotting assay. Based on a consensus diagnosis derived from conventional serology, all of the sera were classified as positive, negative, or indeterminate, and the results were compared with the findings of the INNO-LIA Syphilis assay. The sensitivity and specificity of the LIA were 100% (219 of 219) and 99.3% (286 of 288), respectively. Compared to TPHA and IgG-FTA-ABS, the new test gave a significantly higher number (P = 0.021 and P < 0.0001, respectively) of correct results than either of the other two tests. The multiparameter INNO-LIA Syphilis assay is a useful confirmatory test for syphilis because it increases the reliability of syphilis diagnosis with respect to current conventional techniques.
SLI381 (Adderall XR), a Two‐Component, Extended‐Release Formulation of Mixed Amphetamine Salts: Bioavailability of Three Test Formulations and Comparison of Fasted, Fed, and Sprinkled Administration (2002)

SLI381 20 mg/day is bioequivalent to Adderall 10 mg twice/day. SLI381 30 mg administered in applesauce is bioequivalent in terms of both rate and extent of absorption to the same dose administered as an intact capsule in both fasted and fed states.
Diamond negative electron affinity surfaces, structures and devices (1995)

The electron affinity of a semiconductor relates the band structure of the semiconductor at the surface to the vacuum ground state near the surface. Wide bandgap semiconductors have the possibility of exhibiting a negative electron affinity (NEA) meaning that electrons in the conduction band are not bound by the surface. The surface conditions are shown to be of critical importance in obtaining a negative electron affinity. In this study, angle resolved UV-photoemission spectroscopy (ARUPS) is used to detect the effect. Surface terminations ranging from adsorbates, metals and insulators are shown to induce an NEA on diamond. In particular, it is demonstrated that hydrogen termination can induce a NEA on (111), (100), (110) and (311) surfaces. Theoretical studies have indicated a basis for the observed NEA effects. In contrast, as-prepared surfaces with oxygen termination often exhibit a positive electron affinity. It is shown that thin metal layers of Ti, Ni, Cu, and Co can induce a NEA on the (111) surface, and new evidence indicates NEA on the (100) surface. NEA materials could prove useful in cold cathode applications, and potential and limitations are discussed.
The management of changing types in an object-oriented database (1986)

We examine the problem of type evolution in an object-oriented database environment. Type definitions are persistent objects in the database and as such may be modified and shared. The effects of changing a type extend to objects of the type and to programs that use objects of the type. We propose a solution to the problem through an extension of the semantic data model. A change in the interface defined by a type may result in errors when programs use new or old objects of the type. Through the use of an abstraction of the type over time, timestamping and error handling mechanisms provide support for the type designer in creating compatible versions of the type. The mechanisms are incorporated into the behavior defined by the type and are inherited via the type-lattice.
ϕ29 DNA Polymerase Residue Leu384, Highly Conserved in Motif B of Eukaryotic Type DNA Replicases, Is Involved in Nucleotide Insertion Fidelity (2003)

Replicative DNA polymerases achieve insertion fidelity by geometric selection of a complementary nucleotide followed by induced fit: movement of the fingers subdomain toward the active site to enclose the incoming and templating nucleotides generating a binding pocket for the nascent base pair. Several residues of motif B of DNA polymerases from families A and B, localized in the fingers subdomain, have been described to be involved in template/primer binding and dNTP selection. Here we complete the analysis of this motif, which has the consensus "KLX2NSXYG" in DNA polymerases from family B, characterized by mutational analysis of conserved leucine, Leu384 of phi 29 DNA polymerase. Mutation of Leu384 into Arg resulted in a phi 29 DNA polymerase with reduced nucleotide insertion fidelity during DNA-primed polymerization and protein-primed initiation reactions. However, the mutation did not alter the intrinsic affinity for the different dNTPs, as shown in the template-independent terminal protein-deoxynucleotidylation reaction. We conclude that Leu384 of phi 29 DNA polymerase plays an important role in positioning the templating nucleotide at the polymerization active site and in controlling nucleotide insertion fidelity. This agrees with the localization of the corresponding residue in the closed ternary complexes of family A and family B DNA polymerases, contributing to form the binding pocket for the nascent base pair. As an additional effect, mutant polymerase L384R was strongly reduced in DNA binding, resulting in reduced processivity during polymerization.
Semantic Segmentation-Based Building Footprint Extraction Using Very High-Resolution Satellite Images and Multi-Source GIS Data (2019)

Automatic extraction of building footprints from high-resolution satellite imagery has become an important and challenging research issue receiving greater attention. Many recent studies have explored different deep learning-based semantic segmentation methods for improving the accuracy of building extraction. Although they record substantial land cover and land use information (e.g., buildings, roads, water, etc.), public geographic information system (GIS) map datasets have rarely been utilized to improve building extraction results in existing studies. In this research, we propose a U-Net-based semantic segmentation method for the extraction of building footprints from high-resolution multispectral satellite images using the SpaceNet building dataset provided in the DeepGlobe Satellite Challenge of IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition 2018 (CVPR 2018). We explore the potential of multiple public GIS map datasets (OpenStreetMap, Google Maps, and MapWorld) through integration with the WorldView-3 satellite datasets in four cities (Las Vegas, Paris, Shanghai, and Khartoum). Several strategies are designed and combined with the U-Net–based semantic segmentation model, including data augmentation, post-processing, and integration of the GIS map data and satellite images. The proposed method achieves a total F1-score of 0.704, which is an improvement of 1.1% to 12.5% compared with the top three solutions in the SpaceNet Building Detection Competition and 3.0% to 9.2% compared with the standard U-Net–based method. Moreover, the effect of each proposed strategy and the possible reasons for the building footprint extraction results are analyzed substantially considering the actual situation of the four cities.
Discovery of CD80 and CD86 as recent activation markers on regulatory T cells by protein-RNA single-cell analysis (2020)

The transcriptomic and proteomic hybrid technology described in this study provides a cost-effective solution to dissect the heterogeneity of immune cell populations at extremely high resolution. Unexpectedly, CD80 and CD86, normally expressed on antigen-presenting cells, were detected on a subset of activated Tregs, indicating a role for these co-stimulatory molecules in regulating the dynamics of CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell responses.
Electrical conductivity of <i>N</i>‐substituted polyamides (1968)

Abstract The electrical volume and surface resistivity of some poly( N ‐chloroalkoxylmethyl caproamides) were measured as a function of voltage at 39% R. H. and under vacuum. The results were compared with non‐ N ‐substituted polycaproamide. Polarization and depolarization phenomena were observed. The mechanism of conduction is discussed, and important deviations from Ohm's law, observed in dry samples, suggest that charge carriers are injected from the electrodes and that the current–voltage characteristics may be interpreted on the assumption of space‐charge‐limited current theory.
Efficient ID-based authenticated key agreement protocol based on Weil pairing (2003)

The weaknesses of a recently proposed Smart&apos;s ID-based authenticated two-pass key agreement protocol are discussed. An efficient ID-based authenticated key agreement protocol with the optimal number of evaluations of Weil pairing is proposed.
Organocatalyzed Asymmetric α‐Aminoxylation of Aldehydes and Ketones—An Efficient Access to Enantiomerically Pure α‐Hydroxycarbonyl Compounds, Diols, and Even Amino Alcohols (2004)

The magic of no metal: Enantiomerically pure α-hydroxy aldehydes and ketones as well as diols can be synthesized by a direct (S)-proline-catalyzed asymmetric nitroso-aldol reaction between the parent carbonyl compound and nitrosobenzene. Further elaboration of the obtained adducts provides useful precursors for diversity-oriented synthesis. The one-flask transformation of 3-phenylpropanal into (R)-3-phenylpropane-1,2-diol (98 % ee) is one example.
A metaanalysis of treatment outcomes of early enteral versus early parenteral nutrition in hospitalized patients* (2005)

There was no mortality effect with the type of nutritional supplementation. Although early EN significantly reduced complication rates, this needs to be interpreted in the light of missing data and heterogeneity. The enthusiasm that early EN, as compared with early PN, would reduce mortality appears misplaced.
Prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) expression in human prostate cancer tissues and its potential role in prostate carcinogenesis and progression of prostate cancer (2004)

Our data demonstrate that PSCA as a new cell surface marker is overexpressed by a majority of human Pca. PSCA expression correlates positively with adverse tumor characteristics, such as increasing pathological grade (poor cell differentiation), worsening clinical stage and androgen-independence, and speculatively with prostate carcinogenesis. PSCA protein overexpression results from upregulated transcription of PSCA mRNA. PSCA may have prognostic utility and may be a promising molecular target for diagnosis and treatment of Pca.
Oxytocin receptor gene expression in the rat uterus during pregnancy and the estrous cycle and in response to gonadal steroid treatment. (1995)

It is well established that uterine oxytocin receptors (OTRs) are strongly up-regulated immediately before parturition as well as in response to estrogen (E2) administration. Progesterone (P4), on the other hand, induces a rapid down-regulation. We recently cloned the rat OTR gene and characterized its expression in the rat uterus. In this study, we examined the regulation of OTR messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in rat uterus during pregnancy, the estrous cycle, and in response to gonadal steroid treatment. OTR mRNA levels increased more than 25-fold during gestation: 4.5-fold during the first 21 days and 6-fold within 24 h between day 21 and the onset of parturition. Uterine OTR mRNA levels fell rapidly by 85% within 24 h following parturition. By in situ hybridization, OTR mRNA was localized specifically to the longitudinal and circular layers of the myometrium but was not detected in the endometrium. During the estrous cycle, OTR mRNA levels increased 2-fold between metestrus and proestrus, whereas oxytocin (OT) binding rose more than 10-fold within this same interval. Treatment of ovariectomized rats with E2 lead to a significant increase in both OTR mRNA levels (4.4-fold) and OT binding (< 6-fold). Cotreatment with P4 strongly reduced OT binding by 75% (P < 0.01) but did not significantly affect the E2-induced rise in OTR mRNA (11% decrease, P > 0.1). Our data suggest that the increased expression of OT binding sites observed at the onset of labor and at proestrus is mediated, at least in part, by an E2-induced up-regulation of OTR gene expression. However, it also appears that OTR mRNA levels are not the sole determinants of uterine OT binding. Specifically, P4-mediated OTR down-regulation cannot be explained by an effect on OTR mRNA accumulation and may involve novel mechanisms acting at translational or posttranslational levels.