gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A graphical representation of the piezoresistance coefficients in silicon (1982)

The longitudinal and transverse piezoresistance coefficients, Π(300 K), at room temperature are plotted as a function of the crystal directions for orientations in the
Pruritus in the Older Patient (2013)

It is important to evaluate elderly patients for dermatological, systemic, and neurological etiologies of itch. A simple-to-apply diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm can be used. Xerosis, drug reactions, and neuropathy should be considered when evaluating pruritus.
Intravenous albumin infusion is an effective therapy for hyponatraemia in cirrhotic patients with ascites. (1990)

The treatment of moderate to severe hyponatraemia in patients with decompensated liver disease is unsatisfactory. We report our preliminary experience using intravenous infusion of albumin to treat this condition. Three patients with cirrhosis, ascites, and hyponatraemia responded satisfactorily to treatment; one patient with fulminant hepatitis B did not respond. Intravenous albumin infusion is a safe and effective therapy for patients with cirrhosis complicated by hyponatraemia. Its main role may be in preparing patients for surgery, particularly liver transplantation.
Fibrosis with Inflammation at One Year Predicts Transplant Functional Decline (2010)

Lack of knowledge regarding specific causes for late loss of kidney transplants hampers improvements in long-term allograft survival. Kidney transplants with both interstitial fibrosis and subclinical inflammation but not fibrosis alone after 1 year have reduced survival. This study tested whether fibrosis with inflammation at 1 year associates with decline of renal function in a low-risk cohort and characterized the nature of the inflammation. We studied 151 living-donor, tacrolimus/mycophenolate-treated recipients without overt risk factors for reduced graft survival. Transplants with normal histology (n = 86) or fibrosis alone (n = 45) on 1-year protocol biopsy had stable renal function between 1 and 5 years, whereas those with both fibrosis and inflammation (n = 20) exhibited a decline in GFR and reduced graft survival. Immunohistochemistry confirmed increased interstitial T cells and macrophages/dendritic cells in the group with both fibrosis and inflammation, and there was increased expression of transcripts related to innate and cognate immunity. Pathway- and pathologic process-specific analyses of microarray profiles revealed that potentially damaging immunologic activities were enriched among the overexpressed transcripts (e.g., Toll-like receptor signaling, antigen presentation/dendritic cell maturation, IFN-γ-inducible response, cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated and acute rejection-associated genes). Therefore, the combination of fibrosis and inflammation in 1-year protocol biopsies associates with reduced graft function and survival as well as a rejection-like gene expression signature, even among recipients with no clinical risk factors for poor outcomes. Early interventions aimed at altering rejection-like inflammation may improve long-term survival of kidney allografts.
Automatic Aortic Dissection Recognition Based on CT Images (2018)

In order to improve diagnostic rate of aortic dissection, the aortic dissection three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction system is indispensable. Recognition and segmentation of aortic dissection is an indispensable part of 3D reconstruction. Thus, an automatic recognition algorithm of aortic dissection based on CT images is proposed in this paper. According the characteristics of CT image noise, we choose filtering and sharpening to preprocess the image. The GVF Snake algorithm is used when segment aortic dissection in CT images, and then the edge information of the aortic region is extracted by the Sobel operator. The edge image of the aorta is projected by the Radon transformation principle, and the projection data is combined with the perimeter and area characteristics of the aortic region to judge whether the aortic dissection exists. In order to reduce the harm caused by misjudgment, the minimum Bayes risk decision can be used.
ACCESS: A COMPUTER-SIMULATED IN-VEHICLE ATIS PROTOTYPE EMPLOYING SYNTHETIC SPEECH AND RECOGNITION (1995)

ACCESS is an advanced traveler-information system (ATIS) prototype integrated into a computer-generated, simulated display of an automobile dashboard. The ACCESS database is dynamic; through telecommunication links, users can acquire real-time traveler information and numerous other services. ACCESS duplicates (visually) menu selections defined by information providers and encodes their access sequences into single buttons, which simplifies the information-retrieval process. Information can be retrieved by voice using speech recognition and through a button-driven interface. ACCESS is designed to accept spoken commands from a wide variety of adult voices speaking North American English and does not require training. Traveler information is conveyed to the user visually and orally.
Cloning, sequencing, and expression of clustered genes encoding beta-hydroxybutyryl-coenzyme A (CoA) dehydrogenase, crotonase, and butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase from Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 (1996)

The enzymes beta-hydroxybutyryl-coenzyme A (CoA) dehydrogenase (BHBD), crotonase, and butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase (BCD) from Clostridium acetobutylicum are responsible for the formation of butyryl-CoA from acetoacetyl-CoA. These enzymes are essential to both acid formation and solvent formation by clostridia. Clustered genes encoding BHBD, crotonase, BCD, and putative electron transfer flavoprotein alpha and beta subunits have been cloned and sequenced. The nucleotide sequence of the crt gene indicates that it encodes crotonase, a protein with 261 amino acid residues and a calculated molecular mass of 28.2 kDa; the hbd gene encodes BHBD, with 282 residues and a molecular mass of 30.5 kDa. Three open reading frames (bcd, etfB, and etfA) are located between crt and hbd. The nucleotide sequence of bcd indicates that it encodes BCD, which consists of 379 amino acid residues and has high levels of homology with various acyl-CoA dehydrogenases. Open reading frames etfB and etfA, located downstream of bcd, encode 27.2- and 36.1-kDa proteins, respectively, and show homology with the fixAB genes and the alpha and beta subunits of the electron transfer flavoprotein. These findings suggest that BCD in clostridia might interact with the electron transfer flavoprotein in its redox function. Primer extension analysis identified a promoter consensus sequence upstream of the crt gene, suggesting that the clustered genes are transcribed as a transcriptional unit and form a BCS (butyryl-CoA synthesis) operon. A DNA fragment containing the entire BCS operon was subcloned into an Escherichia coli-C. acetobutylicum shuttle vector. Enzyme activity assays showed that crotonase and BHBD were highly overproduced in cell extracts from E. coli harboring the subclone. In C. acetobutylicum harboring the subclone, the activities of the enzymes crotonase, BHBD, and BCD were elevated.
A comparison of the properties of <i>Sox-3</i> with <i>Sry</i> and two related genes, <i>Sox-1</i> and <i>Sox-2</i> (1996)

The Sox gene family consists of a large number of embryonically expressed genes related via the possession of a 79-amino-acid DNA-binding domain known as the HMG box. Partial clones for the first three Sox genes (al-a3) were isolated by homology to the HMG box of the testis-determining gene Sry and are now termed Sox-1, Sox-2 and Sox-3, Sox-3 is highly conserved amongst mammalian species and is located on the X chromosome. This has led to the proposal that Sry evolved from Sox-3. We present the cloning and sequencing of Sox-1, Sox-2 and Sox-3 from the mouse and show that Sox-3 is most closely relate to Sry. We also confirm that mouse Sox-3 is located on the X chromosome between Hprt and Dmd. Analysis of the distribution of Sox-3 RNA shows that its main site of expression is in the developing central nervous system, suggesting a role for Sox-3 in neural development. Moreover, we demonstrate that Sox-3, as well as Sox-1 and Sox-2, are expressed in the urogenital ridge and that their protein products are able to bind the same DNA sequence motif as Sry in vitro, but with different affinities. These observations prompt discussion of an evolutionary link between the genes and support the model that Sry has evolved from Sox-3. However our findings imply that if this is true, then Sry has undergone concomitant changes resulting in loss of CNS expression and altered DNA-binding properties.
Dendritic Cells from Peyer's Patch and Spleen Induce Different T Helper Cell Responses (1998)

The role of antigen-presenting cells (APC) in regulating the balance of T helper type 1 (Th1) and T helper type 2 (Th2) responses and cytokine production is unclear. Dendritic cells (DC), the most potent APC for naive T cell activation, were found to regulate Th1 and Th2 cytokine profiles in a manner dependent on their tissue of origin. Using whole tissues or purified cell mixtures, spleen (systemic) DC were found to induce mainly Th1 cytokines, and Peyer's patch (mucosal) DC were found to induce predominantly Th2 cytokines. Spleen DC induced high levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) or interleukin-2 (IL-2) or both, and Peyer's patch DC induced IL-4 or IL-6 or both in spleen and Peyer's patch T cells, allogeneic mixed leukocyte reactions, or antigen-specific Th0 clones. These data suggest that the tissue of origin of DC has a significant impact on subsequent T cell development.
13C NMR studies of zirconocene-catalyzed propylene/1-hexene copolymers: in-depth investigation of the effect of solvent polarity (2000)

Propylene/1-hexene copolymers were prepared with the isospecific Et(Ind)2ZrCl2 /MAO catalyst by using a wide range of solvents. In the order of increasing dielectric constant (ε) they are: heptane (1.92), methylcyclohexane (2.02), toluene (2.38), chlorobenzene (CB) (5.68), methylene chloride (8.93) and o-dichlorobenzene (o-DCB) (10.12). The effect of solvent structure and polarity on yield, composition, and microstructure of copolymers was investigated. The data show that solvent polarity, which has an enormous effect on the activity, has a negligible effect on the copolymer composition. Very close 1-hexene contents are obtained with all the solvents used except for toluene, in which the comonomer content is remarkably lower than that in the other solvents for all compositions. Detailed 13C NMR analysis of the copolymers obtained was performed: the reactivity ratios obtained by statistical elaboration of the experimental values of triad and tetrad comonomer compositions confirm the actual lower accessibility of the active site to 1-hexene in toluene than in the other solvents. This fact can be explained by the competition of the nucleophilic toluene with 1-hexene in the coordination to the active site.
Improved development of human embryonic stem cell‐derived embryoid bodies by stirred vessel cultivation (2006)

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) represent an important resource for novel cell-based regenerative medical therapies. hESCs are known to differentiate into mature cells of defined lineages through the formation of embryoid bodies (EBs) which are amenable to suspension culture for several weeks. However, EBs derived from hESCs in standard static cultures are typically non-homogeneous, leading to inefficient cellular development. Here, we systematically compare the formation, growth, and differentiation capabilities of hESC-derived EBs in stirred and static suspension cultures. A 15-fold expansion in total number of EB-derived cells cultured for 21 days in a stirred flask was observed, compared to a fourfold expansion in static (non-stirred) cultures. Additionally, stirred vessel mediated cultures have a more homogeneous EB morphology and size. Importantly, the EBs cultivated in spinner flasks retained comparable ability to produce hematopoietic progenitor cells as those grown in static culture. These results demonstrate the decoupling between EB cultivation method and EB-derived cells' ability to form hematopoietic progenitors, and will allow for improved production of scalable quantities of hematopoietic cells or other differentiated cell lineages from hESCs in a controlled environment.
The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey as a Primary Data Source (2013)

article should be submitted as soon as possible. Otherwise someone else may publish a similar study from the same dataset before you do.
Enzymatically degradable prodrugs: A novel methodology for drug linkage (2002)

Abstract We have synthesized a novel enzymatically degradable prodrug system based on poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and tyrosine units by employing a synthetic methodology which eliminated the use of conventional blocking and deblocking methodology used for chemical linkage of drug molecule to the pendant NH 2 group of amino acid. A diester of PEG (6 kDa) and tyrosine hydrochloride was synthesized by dicyclohexyl carbodiimide (DCC)‐mediated condensation. In the second stage, oligomers were prepared by condensing phenolic OH groups of tyrosine in the diester with sebacic acid, using DCC. Finally, the hydrochloride salt of tyrosine in the oligomer was treated with triethylamine to activate NH 2 groups, which were reacted with benzoyl chloride to obtain a model prodrug system. The products synthesized were characterized by IR, 1 H‐NMR, and GPC. The spectral data were in accordance with the proposed structures of products. Chymotrypsin‐catalyzed degradation of the oligomers was characterized by both MW measurements and Ninhydrin assay for free tyrosine. Degradation studies indicated that the rate of main‐chain degradation (ester hydrolysis) is higher than that of the side chain (amide hydrolysis). This new, simple methodology should be useful for conjugating a variety of bioactive molecules to enzymatically degradable PEG–amino acid based polymers. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 2108–2118, 2002
The Protein-Retaining Effects of Growth Hormone During Fasting Involve Inhibition of Muscle-Protein Breakdown (2001)

The metabolic response to fasting involves a series of hormonal and metabolic adaptations leading to protein conservation. An increase in the serum level of growth hormone (GH) during fasting has been well substantiated. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that GH may be a principal mediator of protein conservation during fasting and to assess the underlying mechanisms. Eight normal subjects were examined on four occasions: 1) in the basal postabsorptive state (basal), 2) after 40 h of fasting (fast), 3) after 40 h of fasting with somatostatin suppression of GH (fast-GH), and 4) after 40 h of fasting with suppression of GH and exogenous GH replacement (fast+GH). The two somatostatin experiments were identical in terms of hormone replacement (except for GH), meaning that somatostatin, insulin, glucagon and GH were administered for 28 h; during the last 4 h, substrate metabolism was investigated. Compared with the GH administration protocol, IGF-I and free IGF-I decreased 35 and 70%, respectively, during fasting without GH. Urinary urea excretion and serum urea increased when participants fasted without GH (urea excretion: basal 392 +/- 44, fast 440 +/- 32, fast-GH 609 +/- 76, and fast+GH 408 +/- 36 mmol/24 h, P < 0.05; serum urea: basal 4.6 +/- 0.1, fast 6.2 +/- 0.1, fast-GH 7.0 +/- 0.2, and fast+GH 4.3 +/- 0.2 mmol/1, P < 0.01). There was a net release of phenylalanine across the forearm, and the negative phenylalanine balance was higher during fasting with GH suppression (balance: basal 9 +/- 3, fast 15 +/- 6, fast-GH 17 +/- 4, and fast+GH 11 +/- 5 nmol/min, P < 0.05). Muscle-protein breakdown was increased among participants who fasted without GH (phenylalanine rate of appearance: basal 17 +/- 4, fast 26 +/- 9, fast-GH 33 +/- 7, fast+GH 25 +/- 6 nmol/min, P < 0.05). Levels of free fatty acids and oxidation of lipid decreased during fasting without GH (P < 0.01). In summary, we find that suppression of GH during fasting leads to a 50% increase in urea-nitrogen excretion, together with an increased net release and appearance rate of phenylalanine across the forearm. These results demonstrate that GH-possibly by maintenance of circulating concentrations of free IGF-I--is a decisive component of protein conservation during fasting and provide evidence that the underlying mechanism involves a decrease in muscle protein breakdown.
Influence of acid generator structure on T-top formation in high temperature bake processes for environmental stabilization. (1995)

The stabilization toward airborne contamination of chemical amplification resists can be achieved by annealing to reduce the free volume of resist films. Our new positive resist consisting of a thermally and hydrolytically stable polymer and acid generator can be baked above its glass transition temperature and is thus environmentally stable. However, the high temperature bake processes place a stringent demand on the selection of the acid generator (and of course on the resist polymer). In addition to the airborne contamination, evaporation of acid generators and/or photochemically generated acids during the bake processes can result in the T-top formation, especially when the acid generator is small in size and the bake temperatures are high. This paper describes the thermal stability of several acid generators and the influence of the acid generator structure on the T-top formation in our environmentally stable chemically amplified positive resist. The careful selection of a bulky acid generator provided excellent 0.25 micrometers lithography with the depth-of-focus of 1.2 micrometers and the exposure latitude of 20%.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Syntheses of l‐β‐cyanoalanine‐4‐<sup>14</sup>C, l‐asparagine‐4‐<sup>14</sup>C, and l‐aspartic acid‐4‐<sup>14</sup>C (1969)

Abstract Syntheses are described from a common labeled intermediate of β‐cyanoalanine, asparagine, and aspartic acid, each of the l configuration and labeled with carbon‐14 in carbon‐four. Radiochemical purities were 96, 99.7, and 99 %. The common source of carbon‐14 was ethyl acetyl‐dl‐β‐cyanoalaninate‐4‐ 14 C, which was prepared from commercially available potassium cyanide‐ 14 C by an extension of the studies of Atkinson and Hellmann and Folz.
BlinkDB: Queries with Bounded Errors and Bounded Response Times on Very Large Data (2012)

In this paper, we present BlinkDB, a massively parallel, sampling-based approximate query engine for running ad-hoc, interactive SQL queries on large volumes of data. The key insight that BlinkDB builds on is that one can often make reasonable decisions in the absence of perfect answers. For example, reliably detecting a malfunctioning server using a distributed collection of system logs does not require analyzing every request processed by the system. Based on this insight, BlinkDB allows one to trade-off query accuracy for response time, enabling interactive queries over massive data by running queries on data samples and presenting results annotated with meaningful error bars. To achieve this, BlinkDB uses two key ideas that differentiate it from previous work in this area: (1) an adaptive optimization framework that builds and maintains a set of multi-dimensional, multi-resolution samples from original data over time, and (2) a dynamic sample selection strategy that selects an appropriately sized sample based on a query's accuracy and/or response time requirements. We have built an open-source version of BlinkDB and validated its effectiveness using the well-known TPC-H benchmark as well as a real-world analytic workload derived from Conviva Inc. Our experiments on a 100 node cluster show that BlinkDB can answer a wide range of queries from a real-world query trace on up to 17 TBs of data in less than 2 seconds (over 100\times faster than Hive), within an error of 2 - 10%.
Isolation and Identification of Mosquito Bite Deterrent Terpenoids from Leaves of American (<i>Callicarpa americana</i>) and Japanese (<i>Callicarpa japonica</i>) Beautyberry (2005)

Essential oil extracts from Callicarpa americana and Callicarpa japonica were investigated. Bioassay-guided fractionation of C. americana extracts using the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, led to the isolation of alpha-humulene, humulene epoxide II, and intermedeol and a newly isolated terpenoid (callicarpenal). Similar work involving C. japonica resulted in the isolation of an additional compound, spathulenol, as well as the four compounds isolated from C. americana. Structure elucidation was performed on all isolated compounds using a combination of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-electron ionization, high-resolution liquid chromatography-MS-electrospray ionization, and one- and two-dimensional NMR experiments. Heretofore, 13,14,15,16-tetranorclerodane, callicarpenal, has never been identified from natural sources. Complete (1)H and (13)C NMR assignment data are provided for this compound. In bite deterrent studies, spathulenol, intermedeol, and callicarpenal showed significant repellent activity against A. aegypti and Anopheles stephensi.
Hybrid security analysis of web JavaScript code via dynamic partial evaluation (2014)

This paper addresses the problem of detecting JavaScript security vulnerabilities in the client side of Web applications. Such vulnerabilities are becoming a source of growing concern due to the rapid migration of server-side business logic to the client side, combined with new JavaScript-backed Web technologies, such as AJAX and HTML5. Detection of client-side vulnerabilities is challenging given the dynamic and event-driven nature of JavaScript. We present a hybrid form of JavaScript analysis, which augments static analysis with (semi-)concrete information by applying partial evaluation to JavaScript functions according to dynamic data recorded by the Web crawler. The dynamic component rewrites the program per the enclosing HTML environment, and the static component then explores all possible behaviors of the partially evaluated program (while treating user-controlled aspects of the environment conservatively).
Long-term Management of Blood Pressure after Stroke (2003)

<b>INTRODUCTION</b> Blood pressure is the single most important modifiable risk factor for stroke. Key epidemiological data about the relationship between blood pressure and stroke come from both prospective observational (cohort) studies and randomised controlled trials. Cohort studies provide information about the effects of prolonged blood pressure differences between groups of people (MacMahon <i>et al</i>. 1990), while clinical trials provide evidence about the effects of short-term reductions in blood pressure (Collins <i>et al</i>. 1990). Cohort studies in both Western (Prospective Studies Collaboration 1995) and Eastern (Eastern Stroke and Coronary Heart Disease Collaborative Research Group 1998; Asia Pacific Cohort Studies Collaboration 1999) populations have established a strong and direct association between the risk of first-ever stroke and level of blood pressure, with no detectable lower level of blood pressure below which the risk of stroke does not continue to decline (Fig. 1). A similar association is evident among patients who have had