gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structural, Optical, and Electrical Properties of Self-Assembled Films of PbSe Nanocrystals Treated with 1,2-Ethanedithiol (2008)

We describe the structural, optical, and electrical properties of high-quality films of PbSe nanocrystals fabricated by a layer-by-layer (LbL) dip-coating method that utilizes 1,2-ethanedithiol (EDT) as an insolubilizing agent. Comparative characterization of nanocrystal films made by spin-coating and by the LbL process shows that EDT quantitatively displaces oleic acid on the PbSe surface, causing a large volume loss that electronically couples the nanocrystals while severely degrading their positional and crystallographic order of the films. Field-effect transistors based on EDT-treated films are moderately conductive and ambipolar in the dark, becoming p-type and 30-60 times more conductive under 300 mW cm(-2) broadband illumination. The nanocrystal films oxidize rapidly in air to yield, after short air exposures, highly conductive p-type solids. The LbL process described here is a general strategy for producing uniform, conductive nanocrystal films for applications in optoelectronics and solar energy conversion.
A gentle tutorial of the em algorithm and its application to parameter estimation for Gaussian mixture and hidden Markov models (1998)

We describe the maximum-likelihood parameter estimation problem and how the ExpectationMaximization (EM) algorithm can be used for its solution. We first describe the abstract form of the EM algorithm as it is often given in the literature. We then develop the EM parameter estimation procedure for two applications: 1) finding the parameters of a mixture of Gaussian densities, and 2) finding the parameters of a hidden Markov model (HMM) (i.e., the Baum-Welch algorithm) for both discrete and Gaussian mixture observation models. We derive the update equations in fairly explicit detail but we do not prove any convergence properties. We try to emphasize intuition rather than mathematical rigor. ii 1 Maximum-likelihood Recall the definition of the maximum-likelihood estimation problem. We have a density function p#xj## that is governed by the set of parameters # (e.g., p might be a set of Gaussians and # could be the means and covariances). We also have a data set of size N , supposedl...
The reaction between proteins and reducing sugars in the ‘dry’ state. Dried human blood plasma (1950)

Research Article| November 01 1950 The reaction between proteins and reducing sugars in the ‘dry’ state. Dried human blood plasma C. H. Lea; C. H. Lea 1Low Temperature Station for Research in Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Cambridge and Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar R. S. Hannan; R. S. Hannan 1Low Temperature Station for Research in Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Cambridge and Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar R. I. N. Greaves R. I. N. Greaves 2Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1950) 47 (5): 626–629. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0470626 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation C. H. Lea, R. S. Hannan, R. I. N. Greaves; The reaction between proteins and reducing sugars in the ‘dry’ state. Dried human blood plasma. Biochem J 1 November 1950; 47 (5): 626–629. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0470626 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1950 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1950 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Regulatory effects of interleukin-11 during acute lung inflammatory injury (1999)

The role of interleukin-11 (IL-11) was evaluated in the IgG immune complex model of acute lung injury in rats. IL-11 mRNA and protein were both up-regulated during the course of this inflammatory response. Exogenously administered IL-11 substantially reduced, in a dose-dependent manner, the intrapulmonary accumulation of neutrophils and the lung vascular leak of albumin. These in vivo anti-inflammatory effects of IL-11 were associated with reduced NF-kappaB activation in lung, reduced levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids, and diminished up-regulation of lung vascular ICAM-1. It is interesting that IL-11 did not affect BAL fluid content of the CXC chemokines, macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) and cytokine-inducible neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC); the presence of IL-11 did not affect these chemokines. However, BAL content of C5a was reduced by IL-11. These data indicate that IL-11 is a regulatory cytokine in the lung and that, like other members of this family, its anti-inflammatory properties appear to be linked to its suppression of NF-kappaB activation, diminished production of TNF-alpha, and reduced up-regulation of lung vascular ICAM-1.
Personalized activity streams (2011)

Activity streams have emerged as a means to syndicate updates about a user or a group of users within a social network site or a set of sites. As the flood of updates becomes highly intensive and noisy, users are faced with a "needle in a haystack" challenge when they wish to read the news most interesting to them. In this work, we study activity stream personalization as a means of coping with this challenge. We experiment with an enterprise activity stream that includes status updates and news across a variety of social media applications. We examine an entity-based user profile and a stream-based profile across three dimensions: people, terms, and places, and provide a rich set of results through a user study that combines direct rating of the objects in the profile with rating of the news items it produces.
A Neural Knowledge Language Model (2016)

Current language models have a significant limitation in the ability to encode and decode factual knowledge. This is mainly because they acquire such knowledge from statistical co-occurrences although most of the knowledge words are rarely observed. In this paper, we propose a Neural Knowledge Language Model (NKLM) which combines symbolic knowledge provided by the knowledge graph with the RNN language model. By predicting whether the word to generate has an underlying fact or not, the model can generate such knowledge-related words by copying from the description of the predicted fact. In experiments, we show that the NKLM significantly improves the performance while generating a much smaller number of unknown words.
Effects of air-curing environment on alkaloid-derived nitrosamines in burley tobacco. (1987)

Levels of nitrite and pyridine alkaloid-derived total tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNA) were significantly higher in tobacco leaf (normal or late harvest) air-cured at 32 degrees C/83% relative humidity (RH) than in more moderate environments, i.e., 15 degrees C/50% RH and 24 degrees C/70% RH. These constituents increased appreciably from day 10 to day 21 of the cure. The near-concurrent appearances of maximal total contents of TSNA [sum of N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN), N'-nitrosoanatabine (NAT), N'-nitrosoanabasine (NAB) and 4-(N-nitrosomethylamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone) (NNK)] and nitrite supports the concept that nitrite is a limiting and proximal precursor of total TSNA during the curing of tobacco. During a long curing period (50 days) at 32 degrees C/83% RH, nicotine and anatabine contents decreased, but TSNA contents increased in leaves of all harvest dates and stalk positions. These results support the view that nicotine and anatabine are precursors of TSNA. Measurement of nitrite and individual alkaloids during post-harvest processing of tobacco leaf may provide an index of the potential accumulation of alkaloid-derived nitrosamines.
Activity of C fibre cardiac vagal efferents in anaesthetized cats and rats (1998)

1. Bradycardia can be evoked by stimulation of both myelinated and non-myelinated vagal efferent fibres. The on-going activity and synaptic inputs to cardiac vagal preganglionic neurones with myelinated axons have been studied in detail, but there is little information regarding cardiac preganglionic neurones with non-myelinated axons. In the present study, the on-going discharge and afferent inputs to cardiac vagal efferents with non-myelinated axons were studied in anaesthetized rats and cats. 2. Extracellular recordings were made from vagal preganglionic neurones in the dorsal vagal motor nucleus (DVMN) of anaesthetized rats following electrical stimulation of the cervical vagus nerve. Based on calculated axonal conduction velocities, fifty-six neurones had non-myelinated axons. Sixteen of these C fibre neurones had on-going activity but this showed no relationship to central respiratory drive, lung inflation or the cardiac cycle. Activity of twenty-one of these fifty-six neurones was increased at short latency following right atrial injections of phenylbiguanide (PBG). 3. Eight presumed cardiac vagal preganglionic neurones were also recorded in the DVMN. Five of these were activated by PBG administration, and the one neurone with resting activity showed no indication of respiratory-related activity. 4. Finally, twenty-one single C fibres were recorded in peripheral branches of the cardiac vagus. They had a low rate of on-going activity, and in twelve fibres this on-going discharge was analysed in detail. On-going activity in seven of these fibres showed no relationship to central respiratory drive, lung inflation or the cardiac cycle, whereas the other five had prominent relationships with both central respiratory drive and lung inflation, and two of these also showed a relationship to heart period. PBG administration evoked an increased activity in fourteen of the fifteen fibres tested, and the latencies of nine of these responses (1.3 +/- 0.5 s) were within the pulmonary circulation time. 5. In anaesthetized cats, extracellular recordings were made in the DVMN from thirty-three cardiac vagal preganglionic neurones with C fibre axons. The on-going activity of these neurones, when present, never exhibited an on-going- or reflexly induced respiratory rhythm, nor any indication of an input from the arterial baroreceptors. Right atrial injection of PBG evoked a short-latency response in four of the five spontaneously active neurones but was without effect on the eight neurones tested which did not exhibit on-going activity. 6. In conclusion, the majority of cardiac vagal preganglionic neurones located in the DVMN have C fibre axons, show no obvious input from central or peripheral respiratory- or cardiac-related inputs, but are activated by stimulation of pulmonary C fibre afferent fibres.
The Neuroprotective Activity of Group-II Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors Requires New Protein Synthesis and Involves a Glial–Neuronal Signaling (1997)

The group-II metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptor agonists (2S,1'R, 2'R,3'R)-2-(2,3-dicarboxycyclopropyl)glycine (DCG-IV), S-4-carboxy-3-hydroxyphenylglycine (4C3HPG), and (2S,1'S, 2'S)-2-(carboxycyclopropyl)glycine (L-CCG-I) protected mouse cortical neurons grown in mixed cultures against excitotoxic degeneration induced by a 10 min pulse with NMDA. Protection was observed not only when agonists were added in combination with NMDA but also when they were transiently applied to cultures 6-20 hr before the NMDA pulse. In both cases, neuroprotection was reduced by the group-II mGlu receptor antagonist (2S,1'S,2'S,3'R)-2-(2'-carboxy-3'-phenylcyclopropyl)glycine (PCCG-IV), as well as by the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide (CHX). Both neurons and astrocytes in mixed cultures were immunostained with an antibody that recognized mGlu2 and mGlu3 receptors in recombinant cells. To determine whether astrocytes played any role in the neuroprotection mediated by group-II mGlu receptors, we exposed pure cultures of cortical astrocytes to DCG-IV, 4C3HPG, or L-CCG-I for 10 min. The astrocyte medium collected 2-20 hr after the exposure to any of these drugs was highly neuroprotective when transferred to mixed cultures treated with NMDA. This protective activity was reduced when CHX was applied to astrocyte cultures immediately after the transient exposure to group-II mGlu receptor agonists. We conclude that neuroprotection mediated by group-II mGlu receptors in cultured cortical cells requires new protein synthesis and involves an interaction between neurons and astrocytes.
Chemical treatment of monocrystalline cadmium telluride and Cd1-xMnxTe solid solutions by Н2О2–НІ–citric acid etchant compositions (2009)

Dissolution of CdTe and Cd 1-x Mn x Te single crystals in aqueous solutions of 2 2 --citric acid system has been studied. The surfaces of equal etching rates were constructed and the limiting stages of the dissolution process were ascertained. Also determined were the concentration limits for the solutions that can be used for chemical polishing the above-mentioned semiconductor materials.
Crypt fission and crypt number in the small and large bowel of postnatal rats* (1985)

The aim of this investigation was to study crypt fission, a process which may be instrumental in regulating crypt number in the intestine. Young Holtzman rats were killed at various times after parturition and samples of the small intestine and colon were removed and processed. A microdissection technique was used to separate crypts from other structures. Crypts were scored as normal or fissioning. The percentage of crypts in fission (PCF) reached peak values of 25% and 52% in the small bowel and colon, respectively, at 21 days post-parturition. From this time onward, the PCF dropped until the adult value of approximately 7% was reached in each site. During this same period, the number of crypts increased from 1.9 X 10(6) to 3.3 X 10(6) in the small bowel and 2.2 X 10(5) to 6.5 X 10(5) in the colon. Thus an inverse relationship between the percentage of crypts in fission and crypt number was found. Distribution of fissure heights in fissioning crypts did not change as the animal aged. The majority of the fissures were found in the lower 1/4 of the fissioning crypts. This suggests that as soon as the fissure extends beyond the stem cell zone, division into two crypts soon occurs.
Non-phenolic oxidative coupling of phenol ether derivatives using phenyliodine(III) bis(trifluoroacetate) (1996)

Phenol ether derivatives (non-phenolic derivatives), 1,3-diarylpropanes 1a–e, N-benzyl-N-phenethylamines 2a–c and N,N-dibenzylamines 3a–e react with a hypervalent iodine reagent, phenyliodine(III) bis(trifluoroacetate)(PIFA), containing BF3·Et2O in CH2Cl2 to give the biaryl coupling products 4a–e, 5a–c and 6a–e in good yields.
Thrombolytic effects of 120-kHz and 1-MHz ultrasound and tissue plasminogen activator on porcine whole blood clots (2002)

Stroke is the third leading cause of death and the leading cause of disability in the United States. For patients with ischemic stroke, the thrombolytic drug tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is the only FDA-approved treatment. To aid in the development of a stroke therapy, the synergistic thrombolytic effect of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and ultrasound was assessed in vitro in a porcine clot model. Whole blood clots were prepared from fresh porcine blood by aliquoting 1.5 ml into 8-mm-i.d. glass tubes, immersing the tubes in a 37&amp;lt;th&amp;gt;°C water bath for 3 h and storing the clots at 5&amp;lt;th&amp;gt;°C for at least 3 days prior to use in comparative ultrasound and t-PA studies, which ensured complete clot retraction. The 120-kHz or 1-MHz ultrasound peak-to-peak pressure amplitude used for exposures was 0.35, 0.70, or 1.00 MPa. The range of duty cycles varied from 10% to 100% (continuous wave) and the pulse repetition frequency was 1.7 kHz. Clot mass loss was measured as a function of t-PA concentration (without ultrasound) from 0.25 to 8.5 times the human clinical dose. The mass loss increased monotonically as a function of [t-PA] and saturated at 4 times the clinical dose. The degree of the ultrasound enhancement of t-PA was also explored at 120 kHz and 1 MHz. With ultrasound exposure, clot mass loss increased by as much as 250% over sham (t-PA alone). A weak dependence of clot mass loss on duty cycle was noted. We conclude that 120-kHz and 1-MHz ultrasound enhances thrombolysis. [Work supported by Senmed Medical Ventures.]
Entity-Focused Sentence Simplification for Relation Extraction (2010)

Relations between entities in text have been widely researched in the natural language processing and informationextraction communities. The region connecting a pair of entities (in a parsed sentence) is often used to construct kernels or feature vectors that can recognize and extract interesting relations. Such regions are useful, but they can also incorporate unnecessary distracting information. In this paper, we propose a rulebased method to remove the information that is unnecessary for relation extraction. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) is used as an example relation extraction problem. A dozen simple rules are defined on output from a deep parser. Each rule specifically examines the entities in one target interaction pair. These simple rules were tested using several PPI corpora. The PPI extraction performance was improved on all the PPI corpora. 1
Chemoprotective effects of recombinant human IL-1 alpha in cyclophosphamide-treated normal and tumor-bearing mice. Protection from acute toxicity, hematologic effects, development of late mortality, and enhanced therapeutic efficacy. (1990)

In this study, recombinant human IL-1 alpha (rhIL-1 alpha) was used to protect normal and tumor-bearing BALB/c mice from the acute toxicity caused by lethal doses of cyclophosphamide (Cy) and 5-fluorouracil. Pretreatment of mice for 7 days with 10,000 U/day of rhIL-1 alpha protected 70 to 100% of mice from the acute death induced by lethal doses of both Cy (380 mg/kg) and 5-fluorouracil (250 mg/kg). In contrast, post-treatment of mice with single or multiple doses of rhIL-1 alpha was not chemoprotective. Pretreatment of mice with rhIL-1 alpha increased the acute LD90 of Cy from 380 mg/kg to greater than 500 mg/kg in normal mice, an LD90 dose-modifying effect of at least 1.25, was accompanied by a more rapid recovery from neutropenia and a less severe reduction in the number of bone marrow single lineage monocyte, myeloid, or myelomonocytic colonies. Some of the mice (10 to 50%) that were successfully protected by pretreatment with rhIL-1 alpha died after day 50. These mice consistently presented with extensive pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis at death. Mice bearing murine renal cancer (Renca) were also protected from the acute toxic effects of Cy (450 mg/kg) by pretreatment with rhIL-1 alpha. Renca-bearing mice pretreated with rhIL-1 alpha and either sublethal (300 mg/kg) or lethal (450 mg/kg) doses of Cy exhibited enhanced survival times over those of untreated Renca-bearing mice. Interestingly, the cause of death in Renca-bearing mice that ultimately failed treatment with rhIL-1 alpha plus 300 mg/kg Cy was recurrent tumor, whereas most mice treated with rhIL-1 alpha plus 450 mg/kg Cy had no detectable tumor, although several died from late pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis. Thus, the dose escalation of Cy in rhIL-1 alpha-pretreated mice results in greater antitumor effects of Cy. However, the dose escalation of some cytotoxic agents allowed by the use of myelostimulatory agents can result in late fatal complications not detected in acute toxicity testing.
Novel template effects of distannoxane catalysts in highly efficient transesterification and esterification (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNovel template effects of distannoxane catalysts in highly efficient transesterification and esterificationJunzo Otera, Nobuhisa Danoh, and Hitosi NozakiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 18, 5307–5311Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1991https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00018a019RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views4092Altmetric-Citations299LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (647 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Leukocyte engagement of fibrin(ogen) via the integrin receptor αMβ2/Mac-1 is critical for host inflammatory response in vivo (2004)

The leukocyte integrin alpha(M)beta(2)/Mac-1 appears to support the inflammatory response through multiple ligands, but local engagement of fibrin(ogen) may be particularly important for leukocyte function. To define the biological significance of fibrin(ogen)-alpha(M)beta(2) interaction in vivo, gene-targeted mice were generated in which the alpha(M)beta(2)-binding motif within the fibrinogen gamma chain (N(390)RLSIGE(396)) was converted to a series of alanine residues. Mice carrying the Fibgamma(390-396A) allele maintained normal levels of fibrinogen, retained normal clotting function, supported platelet aggregation, and never developed spontaneous hemorrhagic events. However, the mutant fibrinogen failed to support alpha(M)beta(2)-mediated adhesion of primary neutrophils, macrophages, and alpha(M)beta(2)-expressing cell lines. The elimination of the alpha(M)beta(2)-binding motif on fibrin(ogen) severely compromised the inflammatory response in vivo as evidenced by a dramatic impediment in leukocyte clearance of Staphylococcus aureus inoculated into the peritoneal cavity. This defect in bacterial clearance was due not to diminished leukocyte trafficking but rather to a failure to fully implement antimicrobial functions. These studies definitively demonstrate that fibrin(ogen) is a physiologically relevant ligand for alpha(M)beta(2), integrin engagement of fibrin(ogen) is critical to leukocyte function and innate immunity in vivo, and the biological importance of fibrinogen in regulating the inflammatory response can be appreciated outside of any alteration in clotting function.
A novel speech recognition system-on-chip (2008)

This paper introduces a novel isolated word speech recognition system-on-chip (SoC). An Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) with a unique vector accelerator is designed in the SoC to realize Continuous density Hidden Markov Model (CHMM) recognition algorithm based on the Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) feature. Due to a hardware and software co-design, the cost of the ASIC is similar to a low-cost 8bit micro controller unit (MCU). A two-stage strategy is adopted for recognizing 200-phrase and recognition accuracy rate is about 98%.