gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Animal Recognition and Identification with Deep Convolutional Neural Networks for Automated Wildlife Monitoring (2017)

Efficient and reliable monitoring of wild animals in their natural habitats is essential to inform conservation and management decisions. Automatic covert cameras or "camera traps" are being an increasingly popular tool for wildlife monitoring due to their effectiveness and reliability in collecting data of wildlife unobtrusively, continuously and in large volume. However, processing such a large volume of images and videos captured from camera traps manually is extremely expensive, time-consuming and also monotonous. This presents a major obstacle to scientists and ecologists to monitor wildlife in an open environment. Leveraging on recent advances in deep learning techniques in computer vision, we propose in this paper a framework to build automated animal recognition in the wild, aiming at an automated wildlife monitoring system. In particular, we use a single-labeled dataset from Wildlife Spotter project, done by citizen scientists, and the state-of-the-art deep convolutional neural network architectures, to train a computational system capable of filtering animal images and identifying species automatically. Our experimental results achieved an accuracy at 96.6% for the task of detecting images containing animal, and 90.4% for identifying the three most common species among the set of images of wild animals taken in South-central Victoria, Australia, demonstrating the feasibility of building fully automated wildlife observation. This, in turn, can therefore speed up research findings, construct more efficient citizen sciencebased monitoring systems and subsequent management decisions, having the potential to make significant impacts to the world of ecology and trap camera images analysis.
Measurement of radiation dose distributions by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging (1984)

A method is described for determining the spatial distribution of radiation dose in a tissue-equivalent phantom using nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. The conversion of ferrous ions to ferric by ionising radiation alters the magnetic moment and electron spin relaxation times of the metal ion. The spin relaxation times (T1 and T2) of the hydrogen nuclei in an aqueous solution of a ferrous salt are consequently reduced substantially. These changes in T1 and T2 can be measured using standard NMR techniques. The same conversion is used in conventional Fricke dosimetry, which can be used to calibrate the technique.
Security in mobile communications: challenges and opportunities (2003)

The nature of mobile communication, characterised for example by terminals having poor user interface and limited processing capacity, as well as complex combination of network protocols, makes the design of security solutions particularly challenging. This paper discusses some of the difficulties system architects are faced with as well as some advantages mobile networks offer when designing security solutions for mobile communication.
Tyrosine phosphorylation of rasGAP and associated proteins in chronic myelogenous leukemia cell lines (1992)

The Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1), detected in virtually all cases of chronic myelogenous leukemia, is formed by a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22 that fuses BCR encoded sequences upstream of exon 2 of c-ABL. This oncogene produces a fusion protein (p210BCR/ABL) in which the ABL tyrosine kinase activity is elevated. This elevated kinase activity is essential for transformation, but the mechanisms involved are unknown. We report here that p21ras GTPase activating protein (rasGAP) or rasGAP-associated proteins p190 and p62 are phosphorylated on tyrosine in Ph1 (+) cell lines. Further, rasGAP coimmunoprecipitates with p210BCR/ABL in these cell lines. These results suggest that rasGAP or associated proteins are potential substrates for p210BCR/ABL kinase and thus directly link p210BCR/ABL with a signal transduction pathway known to be activated by hematopoietic growth factors (p21ras).
Human Myelogenous (Ph 1 +) Leukemia Cell Line: Into Athymic Mice 2 (1976)

Journal Article Human Myelogenous (Ph1+) Leukemia Cell Line: Into Athymic Mice Get access Bismarck B. Lozzio, Bismarck B. Lozzio 3Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, The University of Tennessee Memorial Research Center, Center for Health Sciences, Knoxville, Tenn. 37920. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Carmen B. Lozzio, Carmen B. Lozzio 4Laboratory of Medical Genetics, The University of Tennessee Memorial Research Center. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Emilio Machado Emilio Machado 5Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, The University of Tennessee Memorial Research Center. 6The competent technical assistance of Mrs. Jinhi Kim, Mrs. Cynthia Smith, Mrs. Dusica Susic, Mr. Stephen Lair, and Mr. Rafael Perez is gratefully acknowledged. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 56, Issue 3, March 1976, Pages 627–629, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/56.3.627 Published: 01 March 1976 Article history Received: 07 July 1975 Accepted: 21 October 1975 Published: 01 March 1976
Evaluation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses utilizing B-lymphoblastoid cell lines transduced with the CD4 gene and infected with HIV-1 (1994)

Analysis of major histocompatibility complex-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) capable of killing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected targets is essential for elucidating the basis for HIV-1 disease progression and the potential efficacy of candidate vaccines. The use of primary CD4+ T cells with variable infectivity as targets for such studies has significant limitations, and immortal autologous cells with high levels of CD4 expression that can be consistently infected with HIV-1 would be of much greater utility. Therefore, we transduced Epstein-Barr-virus-transformed B-lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) with a retroviral vector, LT4SN, containing the human CD4 gene. Stable LCL in which more than 95% of cells expressed membrane CD4 were obtained. Aliquots were infected with HIV-1, and, after 4 to 7 days, nearly all of the cells contained cytoplasmic gag and produced high levels of p24 antigen. The ability of major histocompatibility complex-restricted CD8+ CTL to lyse such HIV-1-infected CD4-transduced LCL (LCL-CD4HIV-1) was evaluated. These autologous targets were lysed by CTL generated from an HIV-1-uninfected vaccinee over a broad range of effector-to-target ratios. Similarly, the LCL-CD4HIV-1 were efficiently lysed by fresh circulating CTL from HIV-1-infected individuals, as well as by CTL activated by in vitro stimulation. Both HIV-1 env- and gag-specific CTL effectors lysed LCL-CD4HIV-1, consistent with the cellular expression of both HIV-1 genes. The LCL-CD4HIV also functioned as stimulator cells, and thus are capable of amplifying CTL against multiple HIV-1 gene products in HIV-1-infected individuals. The ability to produce HIV-1-susceptible autologous immortalized cell lines that can be employed as target cells should enable a more detailed evaluation of vaccine-induced CTL against both homologous and disparate HIV-1 strains. Furthermore, the use of LCL-CD4HIV-1 should facilitate the analysis of the range of HIV-1 gene products recognized by CTL in seropositive persons.
Room temperature polymerization of glycidol (1966)

Abstract Glycidol has been shown to be easily polymerized at room temperature in the presence of triethylamine, pyridine, lithium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, sodium methoxide, sodium amide, and other catalysts. Its reactivity with these catalysts is vastly greater than that of propylene oxide. Evidence is presented to support the structural assignment for polyglycidol and the mechanism of polymerization.
Image halftoning and reconstruction using a neural network (2003)

Digital image halftoning is treated as an optimization problem to which neural networks provide an efficient parallel solution. An image distortion measure is introduced in which the gray-tone image is approximated by a filtered version of the halftoned image. This distortion measure is minimized by using a near-neighborhood-connected symmetric neural network. The filter used in the distortion measure is estimated on the basis of a training set of gray-tone and bilevel images. This filter is then used for the reconstruction of a gray-tone image from its halftoned version. The above procedure, combined with a postprocessing of the reconstructed image by a nonlinear edge-preserving noise-smoothing filter, provides images of good quality.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Efficacy of verbenone in reducing lodgepole pine infestation by mountain pine beetles in Idaho (1989)

Verbenone, a bark beetle antiaggregative pheromone, was deployed in lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.) stands in the Sawtooth National Forest, Idaho, U.S.A., to test its efficacy in reducing tree losses to mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonusponderosae Hopkins). Treatments tested were verbenone, mountain pine beetle tree bait, verbenone plus mountain pine beetle tree bait, and a control. Each treatment was applied individually to 1-ha blocks and replicated four times. Treatment effects were measured by percentage of infested (i.e., mass-attacked) lodgepole pine. ANOVA showed a significant treatment effect (P &lt; 0.005). Blocks treated with mountain pine beetle tree baits had significantly (P &lt; 0.002) higher average percentages of infested trees (24.4%), whereas no significant difference occurred in percentages of infested trees among the other three treatments. Average percentages of infested trees were 0.9% for verbenone, 7.4% for verbenone plus mountain pine beetle tree bait, and 3.3% for the control. A 2.3-fold reduction in infested trees occurred when verbenone was applied to blocks treated with mountain pine beetle tree baits.
A Novel Planar Multilevel Interconnection Technology Utilizing Polyimide (1973)

A completely new planar method permitting step-free multilevel interconnections is proposed. The key role in this technique is played by the polyimide film which is used as insulating layers. The fluid property of the polymer solution always gives an ideal flatness to the surface of the wafer no matter how many steps are formed by preceding metallization processes. Using this planar metallization with polymer (PNIP) technique, a five-level structure which consists of five metal (aluminum) and five polyimide layers has been successfully made, The PMP structure completely eliminates the failures which result from open circuits between metal layers at crossovers and via-holes and from short circuits between metal layers through the pin-holes of insulating layers. No trace of degradation is observed in the characteristics of the MOS-FET covered with the polyimide either after heating at 150°c for 2000 hours or after a bias-temperature test at 125°c for 200 hours.
Biotin-Mediated Delivery of Exogenous Macromolecules into Soybean Cells (1990)

We have demonstrated that attachment of biotin to a variety of macromolecules allows the uptake of those macromolecules into cultured soybean cells (Glycine max Merr cv Kent). Macromolecules that were nondestructively delivered into intact cells in large numbers (>10(6)/cell) by this technique include bovine insulin (M(r) about 5,700), bovine ribonuclease (M(r) about 14,000), human hemoglobin (M(r) about 64,000), and bovine serum albumin (M(r) about 68,000). It is hypothesized that this methodology may be useful for delivering antibodies, toxins, enzymes, and genetic material into living plant cells without requiring prior removal of the cell wall or infection with Agrobacterium.
Distinct subdomains of human endothelin receptors determine their selectivity to endothelinA-selective antagonist and endothelinB-selective agonists. (1993)

The endothelin (ET) family of peptides acts via two subtypes of G-protein-coupled heptahelical receptors termed ETA and ETB, which have distinct rank orders of affinity to endothelin receptor agonists and antagonists. To delineate which portions of the receptor molecules determine ligand selectivity, we have constructed a series of chimeras between human ETA and ETB receptors and characterized the chimeric receptors expressed in heterologous cell lines by competitive radioligand binding analysis and by measuring agonist-induced transients of intracellular Ca2+. We demonstrate that the binding determinant for the ETB-selective agonists ET-3, BQ3020, and IRL1620 residues within the region spanning the putative transmembrane helices IV-VI and the adjacent loop regions. In contrast, the transmembrane helices I, II, III, and VII plus the intervening loop regions specify the selectivity for BQ123, an ETA-selective antagonist. BQ123 exhibited no detectable agonistic activity in all wild-type and chimeric receptors tested. A chimeric receptor that has the transmembrane helices IV-VI (and adjacent loops) from the ETB receptor inserted into the remaining regions from the ETA receptor binds both the ETA- and ETB-selective ligands with high affinities. Moreover, BQ123 competitively inhibits the binding of the amino-terminally truncated ETB agonists, 125I-BQ3020 and 125I-IRL1620, to this chimeric receptor, suggesting that BQ123 is a mimic of the carboxyl-terminal linear portion of endothelins. These findings indicate that there are at least two separable ligand interaction subdomains within the endothelin receptors.
Calcination of Metatitanic Acid to Titanium Dioxide White Pigments (2001)

In the sulfate process for the production of TiO2 white pigments, gel-like metatitanic acid is calcined in a rotary kiln to microcrystals of the rutile polymorph. This process is monitored by the addition of alkali ions, Al3+, phosphate and rutile nuclei. During the last decade, a scientific understanding has developed how these additives influence the solid-state reactions of the material in the kiln, i.e., crystal growth, transformation of anatase to rutile, incorporation of dopants and aggregation of crystals. This review describes mechanisms and kinetics of the reactions, using modern concepts of solid state and surface chemistry and physics. It also describes the effects of the reactions on the quality of the calciner discharge in upgrading and for the customer, i.e., the grindability to pigment particles, their light-scattering properties and photocatalytic activity. The principles of the additive functions revealed here may be used in process engineering of other powder reactions as well as in particle chemistry and nanotechnology in general.
Laminin receptor on human breast carcinoma cells. (1983)

Human MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells possess a receptor-like moiety on their surface that has a high binding affinity (Kd = 2 nM) for laminin, a glycoprotein localized in basement membranes. Laminin preferentially stimulates (8-fold) MCF-7 cells to attach to type IV (basement membrane) collagen, whereas fibronectin stimulates attachment only 2-fold for these cells on type I collagen. The attachment properties of two other human breast carcinoma cell lines to type IV collagen were also studied. The attachment of ZR-75-1 cells was stimulated 4-fold by laminin and 5-fold by fibronectin, whereas T47-D cell attachment was stimulated 2-fold by laminin and 7-fold by fibronectin. By employing protease-derived fragments of laminin, the major domains of the laminin molecule that participate in MCF-7 cell attachment to type IV collagen were identified. The whole laminin molecule has the configuration of a four-armed cross with three short arms and one long arm. A major cell-binding domain was found to reside near the intersection point of the short arms, and the type IV collagen-binding domain was associated with the globular end regions of the short arms. The receptor for laminin on the surface of these tumor cells may be involved in the initial interaction of tumor cells via laminin with the vascular basement membrane to facilitate invasion and subsequent promotion of metastasis.
Spectral Characterization and Evaluation of Modified Near-Infrared Laser Dyes for DNA Sequencing (1995)

Several derivatives of IR-144, a commercially available near-infrared (near-IR) laser dye, have been synthesized with different moieties, which produce bathochromic shifts of the absorbance maximum without affecting their fluorescence emission spectrum. With this capability, the absorbance maximum of the dye can be adjusted to coincide with the maximum output wavelength of various semiconductor laser diodes. This capability allows compatibility with a multidye fluorescence system that has different excitation sources but a common near-IR detector. The utility of IR-144 derivatives with an absorbance maximum close to the output wavelength of commercially available semiconductor laser diodes was illustrated by coupling oligonucleotide primers that contain an amino linker to a dye derivative and sequencing DNA with the use of an instrument designed specifically for near-IR detection. Before sequencing reactions were performed, the near-IR laser dye-DNA conjugates were purified by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. We report the synthesis and spectral characterization of IR-144 derivatives. In addition, the conjugation reaction between the near-IR laser dye and amino-modified oligonucleotides and subsequent purification is discussed. Data that validate the subfemptomole detection of the labeled DNA strands are presented.
Broad and load-aware anycast mapping with verfploeter (2017)

IP anycast provides DNS operators and CDNs with automatic fail-over and reduced latency by breaking the Internet into catchments, each served by a different anycast site. Unfortunately, understanding and predicting changes to catchments as anycast sites are added or removed has been challenging. Current tools such as RIPE Atlas or commercial equivalents map from thousands of vantage points (VPs), but their coverage can be inconsistent around the globe. This paper proposes Verfploeter, a new method that maps anycast catchments using active probing. Verfploeter provides around 3.8M passive VPs, 430x the 9k physical VPs in RIPE Atlas, providing coverage of the vast majority of networks around the globe. We then add load information from prior service logs to provide calibrated predictions of anycast changes. Verfploeter has been used to evaluate the new anycast deployment for B-Root, and we also report its use of a nine-site anycast testbed. We show that the greater coverage made possible by Verfploeter's active probing is necessary to see routing differences in regions that have sparse coverage from RIPE Atlas, like South America and China.
Breast Cancer Protein PS2 Synthesis in Mammary Gland of Transgenic Mice and Secretion into Milk (1989)

PS2, a small estrogen-inducible secretory polypeptide with structural analogies to a growth factor, is produced by approximately 50% of human breast tumors. The function of PS2 is, however, unknown. To determine whether PS2 may play an autocrine role in the development of mammary tumors we constructed transgenic mice bearing fusion constructs designed to direct the expression of human PS2 in the lactating mammary gland under the control of the whey acidic protein (WAP) promoter. Mouse lines bearing the genomic PS2 gene under the control of the WAP promoter region (WAP-PS2-2) failed to express the transgene. However, mice harboring the fusion construct WAP-PS2-1, in which the PS2 coding sequence is inserted into the 5' untranslated region of the complete WAP gene, were observed to express the transgene. Expression was restricted to the secretory epithelium of the mammary gland during lactation, and PS2 protein was secreted into the milk. Nevertheless, no mammary gland dysplasia was observed, and PS2 expression had no discernable effect upon the physiology and/or development of the suckling young or the transgenic mother.
An amateur's introduction to recursive query processing strategies (1986)

This paper surveys and compares various strategies for processing logic queries in relational databases. The survey and comparison is limited to the case of Horn Clauses with evaluable predicates but without function symbols. The paper is organized in three parts. In the first part, we introduce the main concepts and definitions. In the second, we describe the various strategies. For each strategy, we give its main characteristics, its application range and a detailed description. We also give an example of a query evaluation. The third part of the paper compares the strategies on performance grounds. We first present a set of sample rules and queries which are used for the performance comparisons, and then we characterize the data. Finally, we give an analytical solution for each query/rule system. Cost curves are plotted for specific configurations of the data.
Historical Perspectives: Optical Crossbars And Optical Computing (1987)

The evolution of optical computing from simple arithmetic computing to complex logical computing closely parallels the transition of optical computing from the analog to the digital domain. The significance of optical crossbars in both arithmetic and logic-based optical computing systems is considered. An emphasis is placed on the unique ability of digital optical systems to implement extremely complex combinational logic structures. The significance of fan-in and fan-out is examined. The emergence of a new class of optoelectronic programmable logic arrays (PLA&apos;s) is discussed. A comparison of the potential operational limits of these devices to those of their electronic counterparts is presented.
Molecular genetic approach to human meningioma: loss of genes on chromosome 22. (1987)

A molecular genetic approach employing polymorphic DNA markers has been used to investigate the role of chromosomal aberrations in meningioma, one of the most common tumors of the human nervous system. Comparison of the alleles detected by DNA markers in tumor DNA versus DNA from normal tissue revealed chromosomal alterations present in primary surgical specimens. In agreement with cytogenetic studies of cultured meningiomas, the most frequent alteration detected was loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 22. Forty of 51 patients were constitutionally heterozygous for at least one chromosome 22 DNA marker. Seventeen of the 40 constitutionally heterozygotic patients (43%) displayed hemizygosity for the corresponding marker in their meningioma tumor tissues. Loss of heterozygosity was also detected at a significantly lower frequency for markers on several other autosomes. In view of the striking association between acoustic neuroma and meningioma in bilateral acoustic neurofibromatosis and the discovery that acoustic neuromas display specific loss of genes on chromosome 22, we propose that a common mechanism involving chromosome 22 is operative in the development of both tumor types. Fine-structure mapping to reveal partial deletions in meningiomas may provide the means to clone and characterize a gene (or genes) of importance for tumorigenesis in this and possibly other clinically associated tumors of the human nervous system.