gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Smart-pixel cellular neural networks in analog current-mode CMOS technology (1994)

This paper presents a systematic approach to design CMOS chips with concurrent picture acquisition and processing capabilities. These chips consist of regular arrangements of elementary units, called smart pixels. Light detection is made with vertical CMOS-BJT's connected in a Darlington structure. Pixel smartness is achieved by exploiting the cellular neural network paradigm, incorporating at each pixel location an analog computing cell which interacts with those of nearby pixels. We propose a current-mode implementation technique and give measurements from two 16 x 16 prototypes in a single-poly double-metal CMOS n-well 1.6-/spl mu/m technology. In addition to the sensory and processing circuitry, both chips incorporate light-adaptation circuitry for automatic contrast adjustment. They obtain smart-pixel densities up to 89 units/mm/sup 2/, with a power consumption down to 105 /spl mu/W/unit and image processing times below 2 /spl mu/s.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Ferroportin and Iron Regulation in Breast Cancer Progression and Prognosis (2010)

Ferroportin and hepcidin are critical proteins for the regulation of systemic iron homeostasis. Ferroportin is the only known mechanism for export of intracellular non-heme-associated iron; its stability is regulated by the hormone hepcidin. Although ferroportin profoundly affects concentrations of intracellular iron in tissues important for systemic iron absorption and trafficking, ferroportin concentrations in breast cancer and their influence on growth and prognosis have not been examined. We demonstrate here that both ferroportin and hepcidin are expressed in cultured human breast epithelial cells and that hepcidin regulates ferroportin in these cells. Further, ferroportin protein is substantially reduced in breast cancer cells compared to nonmalignant breast epithelial cells; ferroportin protein abundance correlates with metabolically available iron. Ferroportin protein is also present in normal human mammary tissue and markedly decreased in breast cancer tissue, with the highest degree of anaplasia associated with lowest ferroportin expression. Transfection of breast cancer cells with ferroportin significantly reduces their growth after orthotopic implantation in the mouse mammary fat pad. Gene expression profiles in breast cancers from >800 women reveal that decreased ferroportin gene expression is associated with a significant reduction in metastasis-free and disease-specific survival that is independent of other breast cancer risk factors. High ferroportin and low hepcidin gene expression identifies an extremely favorable cohort of breast cancer patients who have a 10-year survival of >90%. Ferroportin is a pivotal protein in breast biology and a strong and independent predictor of prognosis in breast cancer.
Scanning Hall probe microscopy (1992)

We describe the implementation of a scanning Hall probe microscope of outstanding magnetic field sensitivity (∼0.1 G) and unprecedented spatial resolution (∼0.35 μm) to detect surface magnetic fields at close proximity to a sample. Our microscope combines the advantages of a submicron Hall probe fabricated on a GaAs/Al0.3Ga0.7As heterostructure chip and the scanning tunneling microscopy technique for precise positioning. We demonstrate its usefulness by imaging individual vortices in high Tc La1.85Sr0.15CuO4 films and superconducting networks, and magnetic bubble domains.
Cellular mechanism of acetylcholine‐induced response in dissociated outer hair cells of guinea‐pig cochlea. (1993)

1. The acetylcholine (ACh)-induced currents (IACh) in dissociated outer hair cells (OHCs) of guinea-pig cochlea were investigated using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique, in both conventional and nystatin perforated-patch configurations. 2. ACh and carbamylcholine (CCh) induced outward currents at a holding potential (VH) of -60 mV in the perforated-patch configuration. The IACh increased in a sigmoidal fashion over the concentration range between 3 x 10(-6) and 10(-3) M. The dissociation constant (KD) was 1.7 x 10(-5) M and the Hill coefficient (n) was 2.7. The KD and n for CCh were 8.7 x 10(-5) M and 2.2, respectively. Neither nicotine nor muscarine induced any detectable current up to a concentration of 10(-3) M. 3. Various muscarinic agonists such as oxotremorine-M, McN-A-343 and oxotremorine could also induce the outward currents, although these current amplitudes were about one-third that of ACh, indicating that they were partial agonists. 4. The muscarinic antagonists atropine, 4-DAMP, AF-DX 116 and pirenzepine inhibited the IACh in a concentration-dependent manner. The half-inhibitory concentrations (IC50) for atropine, 4-DAMP, AF-DX 116 and pirenzepine were 4.8 x 10(-6), 6.2 x 10(-6), 2.1 x 10(-5) and 2.9 x 10(-4) M, respectively. 5. When the extracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+])o) was reduced to lower than 1 mM, the amplitude of IACh, abruptly decreased. In a nominally Ca(2+)-free external solution ACh did not induce any current. The increase of [Ca2+]o beyond 1 mM did not change the IACh. 6. When OHCs were perfused intracellularly with a pipette solution containing 10 mM BAPTA in the conventional whole-cell mode, ACh could not induce outward K+ currents. The Ca2+ ionophore A23187 induced an outward current. These results indicate that intracellular Ca2+ is involved in the ACh response. 7. Calmodulin inhibitors such as chlorpromazine, W-7 and trifluoperazine inhibited the IACh in a concentration-dependent manner. 8. When OHCs were dialysed with either 100 microM GDP beta S or 1 micrograms/ml pertussis toxin (PTX) through the patch pipette at a VH of -60 mV, the IACh diminished within 10 min, whereas the IACh of the control remained steady for over 20 min, suggesting that a PTX-sensitive G-protein is involved in the ACh response.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Isolation and characterization of the rat thyrotropin beta-subunit gene. Differential regulation of two transcriptional start sites by thyroid hormone. (1987)

The gene encoding the beta-subunit of rat thyrotropin (TSH beta) has been isolated and characterized. Blot hybridization of restriction enzyme digests of rat genomic DNA suggests that the gene is present in a single copy. The transcriptional unit is 4.9 kilobases in size representing 3 exons interrupted by 2 introns of 3.9 and 0.4 kilobases. Its nucleotide sequence reveals that the locations of the exon/intron junctions are one nucleotide upstream from the translational start and between codons +34 and +35. The location of the second intron is apparently strictly conserved among the glycoprotein hormone beta-subunit genes being four codons downstream from a region encoding a consensus sequence: Cys-Ala-Gly-Tyr. Using S1 nuclease mapping and oligonucleotide-primed reverse transcription of normal and thyroidectomized rat pituitary mRNA, two transcriptional start sites were identified in the rat TSH beta gene that are 28 and 71 nucleotides upstream from the translational start site. The level of TSH beta mRNA containing the downstream site is altered by thyroidal status whereas the other mRNA utilizing the upstream cap site appears to be constitutively expressed. Characteristic promoter elements are present in the 5'-flanking region including TATAAA or Goldberg-Hogness consensus regions which are present 29 and 26 bases upstream from the respective starts of transcription. Also, several CAAT boxlike sequences are located between 95 and 300 bases upstream from the start of translation. Isolation and characterization of the gene encoding the TSH beta gene will facilitate the study of the molecular mechanisms by which hormones regulate TSH beta gene expression.
Performance analysis of a multitube vapor-anode AMTEC cell (1997)

A detailed AMTEC performance and evaluation analysis model (APEAM) was developed to predict the performance of next-generation Pluto Express vapor-anode multitube cells. APEAM incorporates an axial electrochemical model, which accounts for the effects of nonuniform axial temperature and vapor pressure profiles along the BASE tubes; a detailed vapor pressure loss model, which includes free-molecular, transition and continuum flow regimes; and a comprehensive radiation/conduction model, which incorporates the effects of circumferential thermal shields above the BASE tubes and conduction studs between the hot end of the cell and the tubes support plate. Model results compared well with measured electrical power and experimental I-V characteristics of the PX-2C cell, recently tested at Phillips Laboratory. The cell peak electric power of 4.4 We occurred at an external load resistance of 3.0 /spl Omega/. At higher load resistance (or lower load demand), the PX-2C cell was load-following. Results also showed that the vapor flow on the low-pressure side of PX-2C was in the transition regime. The evaporator wick provided the sodium flow rate (8 g/hour) necessary to operate the cell at an evaporator temperature of about 950 K. The model predicted that using a molybdenum thermal shield on the inside of the cell wall, near the condenser, would increase the cell electric power and conversion efficiency by /spl sim/23%.
Alkylation will be key process in reformulated gasoline era (1990)

The author reviews the chemistry of alkylation as it applies to processes currently in commercial operation. The major H{sub 2}SO{sub 4} alkylation processes are described and compared along with several process modifications that have occurred within the last few years. Finally, some promising technologies and operating methods that improve alkylation process operations to yield higher-quality alkylates are discussed.