gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cocomplexation of neutral guests and electrophilic metal cations in synthetic macrocyclic hosts (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCocomplexation of neutral guests and electrophilic metal cations in synthetic macrocyclic hostsCatherina J. Van Staveren, Johan. Van Eerden, Frank C. J. M. Van Veggel, Sybolt. Harkema, and David N. ReinhoudtCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 15, 4994–5008Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00223a017https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00223a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1314Altmetric-Citations157LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Fibroblast‐populated collagen microsphere assay of cell traction force: Part 1. Continuum model (1993)

Abstract The most popular in vitro assay currently used to characterize cell traction forces exerted on extracellular matrix (ECM) fibers is the fibroblast‐populated collagen lattice (FPCL) assay. The compaction of a disk of cell‐populated collagen gel, in terms of rate or extent of diameter reduction, is typically reported as the measure of cell traction. This measure, however, depends on assay properties incidental to the intrinsic traction, such as the initial cell concentration, the initial collagen concentration, and the geometry of the gel. Thus, there is a clear need to identify and measure an objective index of cell traction. Here, we propose as such an index a traction parameter (reflective of the cell‐fiber mechanical interaction) defined in a continuum theory in which the interactive processes of cell motility and ECM deformation are modeled by expressions for cell and ECM conservation coupled to the mechanical force balance for the cell‐ECM composite. The equations are formulated and solved for our adaptation of the FPCL assay in which cells are initially dispersed in a collagen gel microsphere, conferring several experimental and theoretical advantages over the popular disk geometry. The solution of the nonlinear system of partial differential equations (parameterized on the traction parameter) is then compared to compaction data for the fibroblast‐populated collagen microspheres (FPCM). We show that the model predictions are consistent with the data when the initial cell concentration and the initial FPCM diameter are varied. In Part 2, we show how these results, along with the determination of the growth parameters of the cells and the viscoelastic parameters of the gel, have allowed us to estimate the magnitude of the traction parameter, which is a direct measure of the traction exerted by fibroblasts in a physiologically relevant collagen gel.
42nd Biennial Convention of the Society of Sigma Gamma Epsilon (2013)

Sigma Gamma Epsilon, a national honor society for the Earth Sciences, held its 42nd Biennial Convention in conjunction with the annual meeting of the Geological Society of America. The Sigma Gamma Epsilon convention was held at the Westin Hotel in Charlotte, N.C. on November 3, 2012. This report provides a summary of the deliberations and actions of the participants at the convention.
Mobilization of antibiotic resistance genes among farm animals and human hosts in a developing country (Sri Lanka). (1987)

Mise en evidence aussi bien chez les animaux domestiques que chez les fermiers d'enteropathogenes resistants aux antibiotiques
Familial Resemblance of Plasma Lipids, Lipoproteins and Postheparin Lipoprotein and Hepatic Lipases in the HERITAGE Family Study (1997)

The familial aggregation of lipids and lipoproteins and plasma postheparin triglyceride lipases was investigated in 86 Caucasian families participating in the HERITAGE Family study, a study investigating the role of genetic factors in the adaptation to exercise training and its relationships with cardiovascular disease risk factors. Accordingly, sedentary subjects were recruited, tested for a battery of measurements, exercise trained for 20 weeks, and were re-measured. The present report includes plasma levels of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and triglycerides, and postheparin plasma lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic lipase (HL) activities measured in 437 sedentary individuals (171 parents and 266 adult offspring) before training. Significant familial resemblance was observed for all the age-adjusted phenotypes. The pattern of familial correlations reveals no spouse correlations but significant parent-offspring and sibling correlations for total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol with heritability (h2) estimates of 62%, 83%, and 50%, respectively. For plasma triglyceride concentrations (h2 = 55%) and HL activity (h2 = 40%), significant spouse correlations were found in addition to parent-offspring and sibling correlations, suggesting that common familial environment in addition to genetic factors contribute to the familial resemblance. For plasma LPL activity, there was no spouse correlation, but sex differences were found in the familial correlations with higher heritabilities in female pairs (h2 = 76%) compared to male pairs (h2 = 30%) and opposite-sex pairs (h2 = 44%). These results confirm the findings of previous family studies showing that genetic factors are major determinants of the familial resemblance in plasma lipids and lipoproteins and suggest the presence of sex differences in the heritability of postheparin LPL activity.
Reconfigurable system for automated optimization of diverse chemical reactions (2018)

Chemical synthesis generally requires labor-intensive, sometimes tedious trial-and-error optimization of reaction conditions. Here, we describe a plug-and-play, continuous-flow chemical synthesis system that mitigates this challenge with an integrated combination of hardware, software, and analytics. The system software controls the user-selected reagents and unit operations (reactors and separators), processes reaction analytics (high-performance liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, vibrational spectroscopy), and conducts automated optimizations. The capabilities of this system are demonstrated in high-yielding implementations of C-C and C-N cross-coupling, olefination, reductive amination, nucleophilic aromatic substitution (S<sub>N</sub>Ar), photoredox catalysis, and a multistep sequence. The graphical user interface enables users to initiate optimizations, monitor progress remotely, and analyze results. Subsequent users of an optimized procedure need only download an electronic file, comparable to a smartphone application, to implement the protocol on their own apparatus.
Optimal Design and Control of a Torque Motor for Machine Tools (2009)

This paper presents a systematic approach of optimal design and control of a surface-mount, permanent-magnet synchronous torque motor for the next-generation machine tools. A step-by-step procedure of optimization integrates multiple performance objectives and constraints to help the designer make the best decision on the final motor geometry from both design and control perspectives. In the perspective of design, a torque motor with concentrated windings and similar numbers of slots and poles may achieve the desired performance after optimization for multiple objectives, leading to a sinusoidal flux density for a nearly ripple-free torque distribution. From the control perspective, an optimal current waveform with an ideal shift angle is determined for each phase by aligning the current excitation with the back electromotive force. Both design and control of the surface-mount, permanent magnet machine are verified by the finite element method, and a prototype is fabricated for performance validation.
Pulse-to-Pulse Changes in the Frequency of Deep Brain Stimulation Affect Tremor and Modeled Neuronal Activity (2007)

The effectiveness of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in relieving the symptoms of movement disorders is dependent on the average frequency of stimulation. However, no one has yet examined whether the effectiveness of DBS in relieving tremor is dependent on the pulse-to-pulse (instantaneous) frequency of DBS. We examined the effects of paired-pulse thalamic DBS on tremor in subjects with essential tremor and on the firing of model neurons in a biophysically based computational model of DBS. DBS with an average rate of 130 Hz was more effective at reducing tremor when pulses were evenly spaced than when there were large differences between intrapair and interpair pulse intervals. Similar correlations were observed in the firing patterns of model neurons: increasing the difference between the intrapair and interpair intervals rendered model neurons more likely to fire synchronous bursts, more likely to fire irregularly, and less likely to entrain to the stimulus. The tremor responses provide evidence that the pulse-to-pulse frequency of DBS, not just its average rate, plays an important role in DBS function. Modeling results also suggest that effective DBS overrides oscillatory pathological activity and replaces it with more regularized neuronal firing patterns.
Neuropsychology of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias (1993)

The past 25 years have witnessed an explosion of scientific interest in Alzheimer's disease in particular and in dementing illnesses in general. In part, this upsurge of interest reflects the continued growth of the older age groups in the United States and other developed countries. It also reflects a growing appreciation of the enormous consequences of these afflicted individuals and their families. As a result, clinicians who do not specialize in dementia are faced with the daunting task of staying current with a geometrically expanding body of knowledge which as dramatically altered the landscape of the field in the past decade and which promises to become increasingly relevant to clinical practice in the decades to come. The distinguishing feature of Alzheimer's disease and the other disorders described in this volume is dementia, or global impairment of cognitive functions. This volume is intended as a bridge connecting leading behavioral neuroscientists investigating the dementias with practitioners responsible for the diagnosis and care of those afflicted. The aim of this volume, then, is to present the most current information on Alzheimer's disease and other dementias in a format that is likely to be useful to practising neuropsychologists and other clinicians involved in caring for persons with global cognitive impairments. The volume consists of 22 chapters divided into four parts. Part I addresses the principal components of Alzheimer's disease, including chapters on its neuropscychological, behavioral, and neuroanatomic features and on the demarcation between Alzheimer's disease and normal aging. Part II details the neuropsychological features of other dementia syndromes which may be confused with Alzheimer's disease. These chapters are intended to provide the clinical, neurophysical, and epidemiological information pertinent to differential diagnosis. Specific issues regarding pathophysiology and managemanent are also addressed. Part III details recent developments in brain imaging as they relate to dementia. Part IV addresses psychosocial, pharmacological, and legal/ethical issues pertinent to the care of the persons with Alzheimers's disease. The volume wil be a useful guide and sourcebook for clinicians who face the considerable challenge of improving the quality of life of those afflicted with these devastating disorders.
Drug delivery to atherosclerotic plaques using superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (2018)

Magnetic drug targeting represents an efficient platform to deliver drugs to diseased arteries in vivo. However, targeting of vascular injury in the lipid-rich environment using dexamethasone-conjugated SPIONs may cause accelerated inflammatory response.
9-Nor-9-hydroxyhexahydrocannabinols. Synthesis, some behavioral and analgesic properties, and comparison with the tetrahydrocannabinols (1976)

The racemic mixture and levo isomer of both 9-nor-9alpha-hydroxyhexahydrocannabinol and its 9beta-hydroxy isomer were prepared. Both alpha-and beta-hydroxy compounds were active in the dog ataxia test and depressed spontaneous activity in mice. However, only the beta-hydroxy compound was an analgesic in mice morphine-like potency. The behavioral and analgesic properties of these compounds may be mediated through different sites or mechanisms and may, therefore, be separable.
Comparison of multiplex PCR assays and conventional techniques for the diagnostic of respiratory virus infections in children admitted to hospital with an acute respiratory illness (2006)

The performances of four multiplex PCR (m-PCR) were compared to direct immunofluorescence assay (DFA) and HuH7 cell culture for the detection of viruses in 263 children admitted to hospital with an acute respiratory illness. One hundred fifty (57.6%) nasal aspirates were found DFA-positive; 188 (72.3%) were found positive by both DFA and HuH7 cell culture, and 242 (92%) were PCR-positive. The m-PCR detected 124 viruses which were not found by conventional methods: 68 rhinovirus, 17 human metapneumovirus, 15 respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), 8 parainfluenza virus (PIV), 5 coronavirus 229E, 3 OC43 and 3 NL63, 4 enterovirus, 2 influenza virus B and C virus. The m-PCR were more sensitive, had the advantages of a shorter delay in specific diagnosis, and a lower cost than DFA and culture. Using these m-PCR, the prevalence of each virus was compared between in-patient and out-patient groups of children attending the emergency unit of the hospital. Nasal aspirates from 411 (91.5%) children were found positive by the PCRs. RSV, rhinovirus, and influenza virus were the most frequent viruses detected in this population, representing 43.6%, 31.8%, and 8.8% of the virus found, respectively, followed by human metapneumovirus (4.4%), coronavirus (3.4%), parainfluenza virus (3.2%), adenovirus (2.3%), and enterovirus (2.1%). RSVs were detected more significantly in the in-patient group than in the out-patient group, and influenza viruses were detected more frequently in the out-patient group than in the in-patient group. Moreover, the use of m-PCR pointed out the frequency of rhinovirus and mixed viral detections in these patients. In conclusion, according to the requirements of speed and low cost of the methods, and to achieve the highest rate of detection of respiratory viruses, the combined use of DFA and m-PCR is today likely to be the best way to improve diagnosis of respiratory illnesses in children.
Angiotropic Melanoma and Extravascular Migratory Metastasis (2007)

How metastases develop is poorly understood. The concept of intravascular dissemination of cancer cells has been widely accepted as a central paradigm. In addition to this explanation, however, other mechanisms may be operable. Ultrastructural studies have identified in malignant melanoma an angio-tumoral complex, in which tumor cells are linked to endothelium by a matrix containing laminin without evidence of intravasation. This observation has suggested that melanoma cells may migrate along the external surface of vessels and other anatomic structures, a mechanism termed "extravascular migratory metastasis" (EVMM). Angiotropism (melanoma cells cuffing the external surface of vessels) is the histopathologic counterpart of the angio-tumoral complex. The authors have recently drawn attention to the importance of angiotropism as a biologic phenomenom and prognostic factor in melanoma and as a likely correlate of EVMM. In addition, recent experimental studies strongly suggest a correlation of angiotropism of melanoma cells with EVMM. These studies, including cocultures of melanoma cells with capillarylike structures in vitro and the growth of green fluorescent protein-labeled melanoma cells in the shell-less chick chorioallantoic membrane model, have demonstrated the migration of angiotropic melanoma cells along the vascular channels, supporting the concept of EVMM. The new field of EVMM reviewed in this paper may prove useful in elucidating the molecular interactions involved in melanoma metastasis.
Thermo‐Physical and Impact Properties of Epoxy Containing Epoxidized Linseed Oil, 1 (2004)

Abstract Summary: Biobased neat epoxy materials containing epoxidized linseed oil (ELO) were processed with an anhydride curing agent. A defined amount of the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol F (DGEBF) was replaced by ELO. The selection of the DGEBF, ELO, and an anhydride curing agent resulted in an excellent combination, to provide a new biobased epoxy material showing high elastic modulus, high glass transition temperature, and high heat distortion temperature (HDT) with larger amounts of ELO. The Izod impact strength was almost constant while changing the amount of ELO. This is a promising result for future industrial applications in different engineering industries. The effect of changing ELO concentration of the anhydride‐cured neat epoxy on the storage modulus. magnified image The effect of changing ELO concentration of the anhydride‐cured neat epoxy on the storage modulus.
The effect of gentamicin on the biophysical properties of phosphatidic acid liposomes is influenced by the O-C=O group of the lipid (1988)

We previously reported that gentamicin binds to liposomes composed of anionic phospholipids and depresses glycerol permeability and raises the activation energy for glycerol permeation in these liposomes. We postulated that these changes in the glycerol permeability and in the activation energy (Ea) for glycerol permeation were due to hydrogen bonding between O-C = O groups in the hydrogen belt and one or more amino groups of gentamicin. To test this hypothesis, we examined the effects of gentamicin on the membrane surface potential, the glycerol permeability coefficient (p), the Ea for glycerol permeation, and the aggregation of liposomes composed of 1:1 phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidic acid with the acyl chains of phosphatidic acid in either an ester (PA) or an ether (PA*) linkage. Gentamicin depressed the membrane surface electrostatic potential, measured by the partitioning of methylene blue between the bulk solution and the liposomal membrane, to an equivalent degree in PC-PA and PC-PA* liposomes, which indicates that substitution of the ether for the ester linkage did not interfere with the electrostatic interaction between the cationic drug and the negatively charged phosphate head group. Gentamicin caused a temperature-dependent decrease of p and raised Ea for glycerol permeation from 17.7 +/- 0.3 to 21.6 +/- 0.4 kcal/mol in PC-PA liposomes but had little or no effect on these parameters in PC-PA* liposomes. In contrast, gentamicin induced a significantly greater degree of aggregation of PC-PA* liposomes compared to that of PC-PA liposomes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Preparation and effect evaluation of erythritol sesame satinettes (2012)

The parameters of sesame satinettes process and the effect of sesame satinettes with erythritol replacing some sugar were studied.The results showed that the optimal amount of added erythritol,the taste,color and antioxidant activity of sesame satinettes did not changed too much,but that the proliferation of Bifidobacterium bifidum was promoted,and that the heat value of sesame satinettes was reduced.
Experiments on Active Cloaking and Illusion for Laplace Equation (2013)

In recent years, invisibility cloaks have received a lot of attention and interest. These devices are generally classified into two types: passive and active. The design and realization of passive cloaks have been intensively studied using transformation optics and plasmonic approaches. However, active cloaks are still limited to theory and numerical simulations. Here, we present the first experiment on active cloaking and propose an active illusion for the Laplace equation. We make use of a resistor network to simulate a conducting medium. Then, we surround the central region with controlled sources to protect it from outside detection. We show that by dynamically changing the controlled sources, the protected region can be cloaked or disguised as different objects (illusion). Our measurement results agree very well with numerical simulations. Compared with the passive counterparts, the active cloaking and illusion devices do not need complicated metamaterials. They are flexible, in-line controllable, and adaptable to the environment. In addition to dc electricity, the proposed method can also be used for thermodynamics and other problems governed by the Laplace equation.
Crypto-based identifiers (CBIDs) (2004)

This paper addresses the identifier ownership problem. It does so by using characteristics of Statistical Uniqueness and Cryptographic Verifiability (SUCV) of certain entities which this document calls SUCV Identifiers and Addresses, or, alternatively, Crypto-based Identifiers. Their characteristics allow them to severely limit certain classes of denial-of-service attacks and hijacking attacks. SUCV addresses are particularly applicable to solve the address ownership problem that hinders mechanisms like Binding Updates in Mobile IPv6.
A novel zinc-finger nuclease platform with a sequence-specific cleavage module (2011)

Zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs) typically consist of three to four zinc fingers (ZFs) and the non-specific DNA-cleavage domain of the restriction endonuclease FokI. In this configuration, the ZFs constitute the binding module and the FokI domain the cleavage module. Whereas new binding modules, e.g. TALE sequences, have been considered as alternatives to ZFs, no efforts have been undertaken so far to replace the catalytic domain of FokI as the cleavage module in ZFNs. Here, we have fused a three ZF array to the restriction endonuclease PvuII to generate an alternative ZFN. While PvuII adds an extra element of specificity when combined with ZFs, ZF-PvuII constructs must be designed such that only PvuII sites with adjacent ZF-binding sites are cleaved. To achieve this, we introduced amino acid substitutions into PvuII that alter K(m) and k(cat) and increase fidelity. The optimized ZF-PvuII fusion constructs cleave DNA at addressed sites with a >1000-fold preference over unaddressed PvuII sites in vitro as well as in cellula. In contrast to the 'analogous' ZF-FokI nucleases, neither excess of enzyme over substrate nor prolonged incubation times induced unaddressed cleavage in vitro. These results present the ZF-PvuII platform as a valid alternative to conventional ZFNs.
The cosmic dawn and the epoch of reionization (2015)

The authors acknowledge partial support from the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MICINN) through projects AYA2013-48623-C2-2, AYA2007-68058-C03-01, AYA2010-21766-C03-02, AYA2012-30789, and the Consolider-Ingenio project CSD2010-00064 (EPI: Exploring the Physics of Inflation). We also acknowledge the support of the Ramon y Cajal fellowship (RyC 2011 148062) awarded by the Spanish MICINN and the Marie Curie Career Integration Grant (CIG 294183).