gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Blood viscosity in tube flow: dependence on diameter and hematocrit (1992)

Since the original publications by Martini et al. (Dtsch. Arch. Klin. Med. 169: 212-222, 1930) and Fahraeus and Lindqvist (Am. J. Physiol. 96: 562-568, 1931), it has been known that the relative apparent viscosity of blood in tube flow depends on tube diameter. Quantitative descriptions of this effect and of the dependence of blood viscosity on hematocrit in the different diameter tubes are required for the development of hydrodynamic models of blood flow through the microcirculation. The present study provides a comprehensive data base for the description of relative apparent blood viscosity as a function of tube diameter and hematocrit. Data available from the literature are compiled, and new experimental data obtained in a capillary viscometer are presented. The combined data base comprises measurements at high shear rates (u > or = 50 s-1) in tubes with diameters ranging from 3.3 to 1,978 microns at hematocrits of up to 0.9. If corrected for differences in suspending medium viscosity and temperature, the data show remarkable agreement. Empirical fitting equations predicting relative apparent blood viscosity from tube diameter and hematocrit are presented. A pronounced change in the hematocrit dependence of relative viscosity is observed in a range of tube diameters in which viscosity is minimal. While a linear hematocrit-viscosity relationship is found in tubes of < or = 6 microns, an overproportional increase of viscosity with hematocrit prevails in tubes of > or = 9 microns. This is interpreted to reflect the hematocrit-dependent transition from single- to multifile arrangement of cells in flow.
Evidence of bovine immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) protease activity in partially purified culture supernate of Pasteurella haemolytica A1. (1996)

In the bovine respiratory tract, IgG1 is a major secretory immunoglobulin (Ig), and both IgG1 and IgG2 are believed to be important in defense against pneumonic pasteurellosis (shipping fever) in calves. Here we provide evidence for hydrolysis of IgG1 in the presence of partially purified culture supernate (ppCS) from the respiratory pathogen Pasteurella haemolytica A1. Bovine IgG1 was hydrolysed sequentially into three distinct bands (approximately 39, 12, and 7 kDa respectively). Furthermore, partial hydrolysis of bovine IgG2 was observed, but neither bovine IgA nor IgM were affected by incubation with ppCS. These findings suggest that the production of an IgG1-specific protease by P. haemolytica A1 may be a virulence mechanism contributing to the pathogenesis of bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis.
Entry into Middle School (1994)

Summary The transition to middle school has not been a frequent topic of empirical research. This article presents six guidcposts for conceptualizing this transition. These guideposts focus upon the transaction between attributes of students and multiple levels of their ecological environment. How these operate to influence students' adaptation to middle school is discussed and data which focus on the child portion of this transaction are presented. Predictive relationships between measures of pre-transition adjustment and adaptation following middle school entry are examined, with a special focus on social-cognitive problem solving skills. Other indices included self-concept, peer relations, academic performance, school behavior, and students' self-reported ability to cope with typical Stressors of middle school. Significant findings, as well as implications for research and intervention, are discussed in terms of an ecological model.
Multilevel generalized force-directed method for circuit placement (2005)

Automatic circuit placement has received renewed interest recently given the rapid increase of circuit complexity, increase of interconnect delay, and potential sub-optimality of existing placement algorithms [13]. In this paper we present a generalized force-directed algorithm embedded in mPL2's [12] multilevel framework. Our new algorithm, named mPL5, produces the shortest wirelength among all published placers with very competitive runtime on the IBM circuits used in [29]. The new contributions and enhancements are: (1) We develop a new analytical placement algorithm using a density constrained minimization formulation which can be viewed as a generalization of the force-directed method in [16]; (2) We analyze and identify the advantages of our new algorithm over the force-directed method; (3) We successfully incorporate the generalized force-directed algorithm into a multilevel framework which significantly improves wirelength and speed. Compared to Capo9.0, our algorithm mPL5 produces 8% shorter wirelength and is 2X faster. Compared to Dragon3.01, mPL5 has 3% shorter wirelength and is 12X faster. Compared to Fengshui5.0, it has 5% shorter wirelength and is 2X faster. Compared to the ultra-fast placement algorithm: FastPlace, mPL5 produces 8% shorter wirelength but is 6X slower. A fast mode of mPL5 (mPL5-fast) can produce 1% shorter wirelength than Fast-Place1.0 and is only 2X slower. Moreover, mPL5-fast has demonstrated better scalability than FastPlace1.0.
Experimental Study on Firing Test of LPI Engine Using Gasoline Fuel for Improving the Production Process at End of line (2007)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of gasoline fuel to the LPI engine. Firing test bench was used in order to assess the effect on gasoline-injected LPI engine. Gasoline fuel was supplied into the reverse direction(3-4-2-1 cylinder) at 3.0 bar with commercial gasoline fuel pump. Engine test was performed using the firing test mode at end of line. The deviations of excess air ratio of each cylinder and maximum combustion pressure using gasoline fuel were within 0.1 and . Engine start time was measured with changing coolant temperature at , respectively. Residual gasoline volume in the fuel line was measured about 32 cc after firing test and it was less than 2 cc within 10 seconds purging. To simulate the end of line, the residual gasoline in the fuel line was purged during 5 and 10 seconds. Start time of LPI engine with LPG fuel were 0.61 and 0.58 seconds. This work showed that severe problems such as misfiring and liner scuffing were not occurred applying gasoline fuel to LPI engine.
Identifying and Overcoming Immune Resistance Mechanisms in the Melanoma Tumor Microenvironment (2006)

The continually growing list of defined tumor antigens is broadening the potential applicability of tumor antigen-targeted cancer therapies. Although cancer vaccines and adoptive T-cell transfer have been shown to increase the frequency of circulating tumor antigen-specific T cells, these approaches cause clinical responses in a few patients. In melanoma, approximately one third of metastatic lesions contain activated T cells, including those specific for tumor antigens, arguing that the priming phase has occurred already in such individuals even without vaccination. These observations indicate that tumor resistance to immune destruction may dominate in many instances, arguing for a thorough analysis of the melanoma tumor microenvironment in individual patients. Recent work has suggested that T-cell anergy, the influence of CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells, the expression of inhibitory ligands, such as PD-L1, and the activity of nutrient-catabolizing enzymes, such as indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, may be involved. Preclinical murine models have shown that interfering with each of these processes can translate into T-cell-mediated tumor control. Importantly, each of these targets is amenable to clinical manipulation. Clinical translation of these approaches to counter negative regulation of antitumor immunity should receive high priority.
A Chemical Adaptor System Designed To Link a Tumor‐Targeting Device with a Prodrug and an Enzymatic Trigger (2003)

Targeting tumors can be achieved by using a novel chemical adaptor system (see picture) comprising, for example, the anticancer drug epotoside, an N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymer as the tumor-targeting device, and catalytic antibody 38C2 as the triggering enzyme in a single entity. When the enzyme cleaves the substrate, it triggers a spontaneous reaction that releases the active drug from the targeting moiety.
Requirement for deoxycytidine kinase in T and B lymphocyte development (2009)

Deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) is a rate-limiting enzyme in deoxyribonucleoside salvage, a metabolic pathway that recycles products of DNA degradation. dCK phosphorylates and therefore activates nucleoside analog prodrugs frequently used in cancer, autoimmunity, and viral infections. In contrast to its well established therapeutic relevance, the biological function of dCK remains enigmatic. Highest levels of dCK expression are found in thymus and bone marrow, indicating a possible role in lymphopoiesis. To test this hypothesis we generated and analyzed dCK knockout (KO) mice. dCK inactivation selectively and profoundly affected T and B cell development. A 90-fold decrease in thymic cellularity was observed in the dCK KO mice relative to wild-type littermates. Lymphocyte numbers in the dCK KO mice were 5- to 13-fold below normal values. The severe impact of dCK inactivation on lymphopoiesis was unexpected given that nucleoside salvage has been thought to play a limited, "fine-tuning" role in regulating deoxyribonucleotide triphosphate pools produced by the de novo pathway. The dCK KO phenotype challenges this view and indicates that, in contrast to the great majority of other somatic cells, normal lymphocyte development critically requires the deoxyribonucleoside salvage pathway.
Application of secondary ion and matrix‐assisted laser desorption‐ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry for the quantitative analysis of biological molecules (1995)

Abstract This review primarily focuses on the current status of two solid‐state mass spectrometric (MS) techniques, namely, static secondary‐ion (SIMS) and matrix‐assisted laser desorption‐ionization (MALDI) time‐of‐fight (TOF) maSs spectrometry, as applied to the quantification of biological materials. Although a number of articles have appeared in the literature for both SIMS and MALDI quantitative analysis, neither field has been extensively researched nor currently used in general practice. However, several results are very exciting and offer advantages over conventional methods. The abilities and limitations of MALDI and SIMS for quantitative analysis of biological molecules will be discussed at the fundamental and applied level. Use of an internal standard approach, development of instrumental protocols, and sample preparation will be examined in detail. Various examples demonstrating the feasibility of quantitative analysis by MALDI and SIMS, including quantification of in vivo and in vitro metabolism of drugs in real biological matrices, will be reviewed. © 1996 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Differential pulse voltammetric study of direct electron transfer in glucose oxidase chemically modified graphite electrodes (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDifferential pulse voltammetric study of direct electron transfer in glucose oxidase chemically modified graphite electrodesRobert M. Ianniello, Thomas J. Lindsay, and Alexander M. YacynychCite this: Anal. Chem. 1982, 54, 7, 1098–1101Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1982https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00244a019RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views914Altmetric-Citations131LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (500 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Altered Fibrin Clot Structure in the Healthy Relatives of Patients With Premature Coronary Artery Disease (2002)

The male relatives of patients with premature CAD form fibrin clots that begin polymerization more quickly, have thicker fibers, and are less permeable than those of control subjects.
Monoclonal antibody blocking the recognition of an insulin peptide–MHC complex modulates type 1 diabetes (2014)

The primary autoantigen triggering spontaneous type 1 diabetes mellitus in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice is insulin. The major T-cell insulin epitope lies within the amino acid 9-23 peptide of the β-chain (B:9-23). This peptide can bind within the peptide binding groove of the NOD MHC class II molecule (MHCII), IA(g7), in multiple positions or "registers." However, the majority of pathogenic CD4 T cells recognize this complex only when the insulin peptide is bound in register 3 (R3). We hypothesized that antibodies reacting specifically with R3 insulin-IA(g7) complexes would inhibit autoimmune diabetes specifically without interfering with recognition of other IA(g7)-presented antigens. To test this hypothesis, we generated a monoclonal antibody (mAb287), which selectively binds to B:9-23 and related variants when presented by IA(g7) in R3, but not other registers. The monoclonal antibody blocks binding of IA(g7)-B:10-23 R3 tetramers to cognate T cells and inhibits T-cell responses to soluble B:9-23 peptides and NOD islets. However, mAb287 has no effect on recognition of other peptides bound to IA(g7) or other MHCII molecules. Intervention with mAb287, but not irrelevant isotype matched antibody, at either early or late stages of disease development, significantly delayed diabetes onset by inhibiting infiltration by not only insulin-specific CD4 T cells, but also by CD4 and CD8 T cells of other specificities. We propose that peptide-MHC-specific monoclonal antibodies can modulate autoimmune disease without the pleiotropic effects of nonselective reagents and, thus, could be applicable to the treatment of multiple T-cell mediated autoimmune disorders.
Automatic de-identification of textual documents in the electronic health record: a review of recent research (2010)

In general, methods based on dictionaries performed better with PHI that is rarely mentioned in clinical text, but are more difficult to generalize. Methods based on machine learning tend to perform better, especially with PHI that is not mentioned in the dictionaries used. Finally, the issues of anonymization, sufficient performance, and "over-scrubbing" are discussed in this publication.
Organic sulfur chemistry. X. Selective desulfurization of disulfides. Scope and mechanism (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrganic sulfur chemistry. X. Selective desulfurization of disulfides. Scope and mechanismDavid N. Harpp and John G. GleasonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1971, 93, 10, 2437–2445Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00739a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00739a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1086Altmetric-Citations92LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
In Situ Identification of Cyanobacteria with Horseradish Peroxidase-Labeled, rRNA-Targeted Oligonucleotide Probes (1999)

Individual cyanobacterial cells are normally identified in environmental samples only on the basis of their pigmentation and morphology. However, these criteria are often insufficient for the differentiation of species. Here, a whole-cell hybridization technique is presented that uses horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-labeled, rRNA-targeted oligonucleotides for in situ identification of cyanobacteria. This indirect method, in which the probe-conferred enzyme has to be visualized in an additional step, was necessary since fluorescently monolabeled oligonucleotides were insufficient to overstain the autofluorescence of the target cells. Initially, a nonfluorescent detection assay was developed and successfully applied to cyanobacterial mats. Later, it was demonstrated that tyramide signal amplification (TSA) resulted in fluorescent signals far above the level of autofluorescence. Furthermore, TSA-based detection of HRP was more sensitive than that based on nonfluorescent substrates. Critical points of the assay, such as cell fixation and permeabilization, specificity, and sensitivity, were systematically investigated by using four oligonucleotides newly designed to target groups of cyanobacteria.
Synthesis, metabolism, and pharmacological activity of 3.alpha.-hydroxy steroids which potentiate GABA-receptor-mediated chloride ion uptake in rat cerebral cortical synaptoneurosomes (1990)

Certain 3 alpha-hydroxy steroids have recently been shown to bind to the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor gated chloride ion channel with high affinity and to potentiate the inhibitory effects of GABA when measured both in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, a series of natural and synthetic 3 alpha-hydroxy steroids were tested for their ability to potentiate GABA-receptor-mediated chloride ion (Cl-) uptake into cerebral cortical synaptoneurosomes. The naturally occurring metabolites 3 alpha-hydroxy-5 alpha-pregnan-20-one (allopregnanolone) and 3 alpha,21-dihydroxy-5 alpha-pregnan-20-one (allotetrahydroDOC) were found to be the most active in augmenting GABAA-receptor-mediated Cl- uptake. Pharmacological activity was reduced in the corresponding isomers with the 5 beta-pregnane configuration and by some, but not all, modifications of the side chain. The ability of these steroids to potentiate muscimol-stimulated Cl- uptake is lost by acetylation at C3, introduction of unsaturation at C9(11), inversion to the 3 beta-hydroxy isomer, or inversion of configuration at C17. A facile procedure is reported for the synthesis of unlabeled and tritium-labeled allopregnanolone and allotetrahydroDOC. The 9 alpha,11 alpha,12 alpha-3H-labeled derivatives of allopregnanolone and allotetrahydroDOC were used to identify the distribution and metabolic products of these active steroids. Uptake of the more hydrophobic [3H]allopregnanolone into brain was significantly greater than that of [3H]allotetrahydroDOC. The principal 3H-labeled metabolites recovered from brain were the 3-ketone derivatives of allopregnanolone and allotetrahydroDOC, which are both inactive on GABA-receptor-mediated Cl- flux. Molecular modeling of the active steroids based on quantitative structure-activity relationships provides evidence to support the stereospecificity of the binding interactions and suggests that there may be more than one type of steroid binding site associated with the GABAA-receptor-mediated chloride ionophore.
Assessment of ride-through alternatives for adjustable-speed drives (1999)

Adjustable-speed drive (ASD) ride-through issues have caused increased concerns due to the susceptibility of ASDs to power disturbances, and the costly results of process disruptions. These losses can be avoided for critical production processes by using ASDs with ride-through capabilities. This paper assesses industrial ride-through requirements through power quality surveys and the results of an ASD ride-through questionnaire conducted by the authors. ASD ride-through alternatives are evaluated based on design, implementation and cost considerations, in order to determine the most suitable solutions for various kilovoltampere ratings and time duration requirements.
Leuprolide acetate given by a subcutaneous extended-release injection: less of a pain? (2005)

Androgen deprivation therapy is a mainstay for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. Hormonal therapy commonly consists of injection of gonadotropin hormone-releasing hormone agonists. Based on the need for improved convenience of administration, a novel formulation of leuprolide acetate (Eligard; Atrix Laboratories Inc. & Sanofi Aventis) which incorporates a mixture of selected polymers and solvents to achieve sustained drug delivery after subcutaneous injection, was developed. The US Food and Drug Administration has approved 1-, 3-, 4- and 6-month formulations of leuprolide acetate. In clinical trials, leuprolide acetate achieves sustained suppression of serum testosterone to castration levels (< or =50 ng/dl). The adverse-event profile is consistent with the effects of testosterone suppression. This novel delivery system in addition to the availability of a 6-month formulation of leuprolide acetate, offers patients the option of a convenient twice-yearly injection schedule.
Oligobenzamide proteomimetic inhibitors of the p53–hDM2 protein–protein interaction (2009)

Oligobenzamide inhibitors of the p53-hDM2 protein-protein interaction are described.
Mild Hypothermia and MK-801 Have Similar But Not Additive Degrees of Cerebroprotection in the Rat Permanent Focal Ischemia Model (1994)

Although not the sole factor, glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity is accepted as a major mechanism of ischemic neuronal damage. MK-801 and mild hypothermia, two cerebroprotective modalities, which have been documented to alter glutamatergic action, were tested in the rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model simulating permanent focal ischemia. We administered normothermic (37 degrees C) animals with either MK-801 (1.0 mg/kg 30 min before MCAO or 2.5 mg/kg 30 min before, immediately after, 4 hours, and 8 hours after MCAO) or saline vehicle (30 min before MCAO). Mildly hypothermic (33 degrees C) animals were administered either MK-801 (1.0 mg/kg) or saline vehicle 30 minutes before MCAO. Mild hypothermia was induced over a 20-minute period before MCAO in hypothermic animals. All animals were killed 24 hours after MCAO; their brains were sectioned and stained with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride and their infarct volumes were calculated. In normothermica animals given 1.0 mg/kg and multidose 2.5-mg/kg intraperitoneal injections of MK-801, the infarct volumes (as a percentage of right hemispheric volume) were 16.8 +/- 3.5% and 16.3 +/- 3.0%, respectively. These infarct volumes were significantly different (P < 0.05; single-variable analysis of variance) from the normothermic, drug-free control (26.8 +/- 1.9%), but not significantly different from each other. Analysis of the data using a nonparametric test (Kruskal-Wallis; P = 0.02) confirmed the same significant differences in infarct size. The infarct volumes from the mildly hypothermic groups were not different (1 mg/kg of MK-801, 15.5 +/- 2.3% and saline control, 15.4 +/- 1.1%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)