gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
3-(Hydroxymethyl)-Bearing Phosphatidylinositol Ether Lipid Analogues and Carbonate Surrogates Block PI3-K, Akt, and Cancer Cell Growth (2000)

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K) phosphorylates the 3-position of phosphatidylinositol to give rise to three signaling phospholipids. Binding of the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain of Akt to membrane PI(3)P's causes the translocation of Akt to the plasma membrane bringing it into contact with membrane-bound Akt kinase (PDK1 and 2), which phosphorylates and activates Akt. Akt inhibits apoptosis by phosphorylating Bad, thus promoting its binding to and blockade of the activity of the cell survival factor Bcl-x. Herein we present the synthesis and biological activity of several novel phosphatidylinositol analogues and demonstrate the ability of the carbonate group to function as a surrogate for the phosphate moiety. Due to a combination of their PI3-K and Akt inhibitory activities, the PI analogues 2, 3, and 5 proved to be good inhibitors of the growth of various cancer cell lines with IC(50) values in the 1-10 microM range. The enhanced Akt inhibitory activity of the axial hydroxymethyl-bearing analogue 5 compared to its equatorial counterpart 6 is rationalized based upon postulated differences in the H-bonding patterns of these compounds in complex with a homology modeling generated structure of the PH domain of Akt. This work represents the first attempt to examine the effects of 3-modified PI analogues on these two crucial cell signaling proteins, PI3-K and Akt, in an effort to better understand their cell growth inhibitory properties.
BiReality (2004)

BiReality (a.k.a. Mutually-Immersive Telepresence) uses a teleoperated robotic surrogate to provide an immersive telepresence system for face-to-face interactions. Our goal is to recreate to the greatest extent practical, both for the user and the people at the remote location, the sensory experience relevant for face-to-face interactions of the user actually being in the remote location. Our system provides a 360-degree surround immersive audio and visual experience for both the user and remote participants, and streams eight 704x480 MPEG-2 coded videos totaling 20Mb/s. The system preserves gaze and eye contact, presents local and remote participants to each other at life size, and preserves the head height of the user at the remote location. Initial user experiences are presented.
Synthesis of some bis- and mono-2-hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives and the determination of their acidity constants (2000)

Several bis- and mono-2-hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives were synthesized by the reaction of methyl 2-hydroxybenzoate with some alcohols (diols, polyols and amino alcohols) and their acidity constants were determined in 60% aqueous ethanol by the potentiometric titration method. It has been shown that the biochemical behaviour of these compounds is greatly dependent on then acidity. It appears that the ester derivatives are weaker acids than the amide derivatives and, therefore, can be potentially more involved in the processes of metal ions transport in plants, whereas the introduction of -OH and -??3 groups has a veiy small effect on the biochemical properties.
Interactive Occlusion and Automatic Object Placement for Augmented Reality (1996)

Abstract We present several techniques for producing two visual and modeling effects in augmented reality. The first effect involves interactively calculating the occlusions between real and virtual objects. The second effect utilizes a collision detection algorithm to automatically move dynamic virtual objects until they come in contact with static real objects in augmented reality. All of the techniques utilize calibrated data derived from images of a real‐world environment.
Heterodinucleating macrocyclic compounds designed for electrochemical recognition (2001)

This paper presents the electrochemical recognition properties of a series of redox-active ionophores containing two distinct complexing cavities: a Schiff base ligand complexed with NiII, CuII or FeIII and locked by a flexible polyoxyethylene chain of variable size. Their electrochemical recognition behavior was manifested by the emergence of a new cyclic voltammetry signal or by a progressive redox potential shift upon complexation of their crown ether-like moiety by alkali and alkaline earth metal cations, ammonium cation and protonated dopamine. UV–vis and FAB-MS experiments confirmed the formation of complexes between these receptors and the surveyed cations. Preliminary results have shown that gold electrodes modified by reaction with a receptor containing a thioether group exhibit electrochemical recognition properties similar to those found in homogeneous solution.
Biological Insights into Therapeutic Protein Modifications throughout Trafficking and Their Biopharmaceutical Applications (2013)

Over the lifespan of therapeutic proteins, from the point of biosynthesis to the complete clearance from tested subjects, they undergo various biological modifications. Therapeutic influences and molecular mechanisms of these modifications have been well appreciated for some while remained less understood for many. This paper has classified these modifications into multiple categories, according to their processing locations and enzymatic involvement during the trafficking events. It also focuses on the underlying mechanisms and structural-functional relationship between modifications and therapeutic properties. In addition, recent advances in protein engineering, cell line engineering, and process engineering, by exploring these complex cellular processes, are discussed and summarized, for improving functional characteristics and attributes of protein-based biopharmaceutical products.
Switched-Layer Design for SOI Bulk Micromachined XYZ Stage Using Stiction Bar for Interlayer Electrical Connection (2009)

A simple and new technique for interlayer electrical interconnection for silicon-on-insulator microelectromechanical systems (SOI-MEMS) micromachining was developed without using additional device layers or patterning processes. A part of the SOI microstructure was shaped into a slender cantilever and intentionally brought into contact onto the substrate surface by surface stiction force after sacrificial release. The contact resistance between the stiction bar and the substrate was studied with and without a subsequent metallization process. The stiction bar was found to improve the MEMS design flexibility in allocating electrical components (comb-drive electrodes and interconnection tethers) and mechanical components (suspensions and frame) to the SOI and the substrate layer and to make a high-density complex double-deck structure in a small footprint. As an example of the high-density design, we developed a micro-XYZ stage with the lateral and vertical comb-drive mechanisms and compared the design with the conventional bulk micromachined structures.
Motion detection of an interlaced video signal (1994)

This paper describes an advanced algorithm for motion detection from an interlaced video signal, such as PAL or NTSC. A general comparative analysis of motion detectors utilizing one, two, and three field memories is presented. As a potential application, television scan rate conversion, e.g. deinterlacing, is considered.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Preoperative serum concentration of hCG? as a prognostic factor in ovarian cancer (2001)

In spite of a gradual improvement, survival in epithelial ovarian cancer is disappointingly low. New therapeutic regimens are emerging, and it would be important to be able to predict the prognosis and to stratify patients for clinical trials before therapy. We have evaluated the prognostic value of the pretreatment serum concentrations of 3 tumor markers. The free beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCGbeta), CA125 and tumor-associated trypsin inhibitor (TATI) were measured in pretreatment serum samples from 146 patients treated for ovarian cancer between 1990-1995. The patients were followed up until 1998. Elevated concentrations of hCGbeta, CA125 and TATI were observed in 29%, 79% and 33%, respectively. When tested as single variables in Cox's proportional hazards model, stage, grade, size of residual tumor and hCGbeta (all p < 0.001) and CA125 (p = 0.004) correlated with prognosis. However, when fitted as multiple variables together with stage, grade and age in the same model, hCGbeta (RR = 3.42) stage (RR = 2.77) and grade (RR = 3.80) were the only significant variables. When serum hCGbeta was normal, 5-year survival was 80%, but it was only 22% when hCGbeta was elevated. In patients with stage III or IV and minimal residual disease, 5-year survival was 75% if hCGbeta was normal compared with 0% if hCGbeta was elevated. hCGbeta in serum is a strong independent prognostic factor in epithelial ovarian cancer, and its prognostic value is similar to that of grade and stage. The availability of this marker before surgery could facilitate selection of treatment modalities.
Antigen-Containing Liposomes Engrafted with Flagellin-Related Peptides Are Effective Vaccines That Can Induce Potent Antitumor Immunity and Immunotherapeutic Effect (2010)

The bacterial protein flagellin can trigger immune responses to infections by interacting with TLR5 on APCs, and Ag-flagellin fusion proteins can act as effective vaccines. We report that flagellin-related peptides containing a His-tag and sequence related to conserved N-motif (aa 85-111) of FliC flagellin, purportedly involved in the interaction of flagellin with TLR5, can be used to target delivery of liposomal Ag to APCs in vitro and in vivo. When engrafted onto liposomes, two flagellin-related peptides, denoted as 9Flg and 42Flg, promoted strong liposome binding to murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and CD11c(+) splenocytes, and cell binding correlated with expression of TLR5. Liposomes engrafted with 9Flg or 42Flg induced functional MyD88-dependent maturation of dendritic cells in vivo. The vaccination of mice with 9Flg liposomes containing OVA induced OVA-specific T cell priming, increased the number of Ag-responsive IFN-gamma-producing CD8(+) T cells, and increased Ag-specific IgG(1) and IgG(2b) in serum. Importantly, the vaccination of C57BL/6 mice with syngeneic B16-OVA-derived plasma membrane vesicles, engrafted with 9Flg or 42Flg, potently inhibited tumor growth/metastasis and induced complete tumor regression in the majority of mice challenged with the syngeneic B16-OVA melanoma, in the lung and s.c. tumor models. Strong antitumor responses were also seen in studies using the s.c. P815 tumor model. Therefore, vaccination with Ag-containing liposomes engrafted with 9Flg or 42Flg is a powerful strategy to exploit the innate and adaptive immune systems for the development of potent vaccines and cancer immunotherapies.
Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of carbon materials (2009)

In this Perspective, the use of ultrasound in the synthesis and modification of carbon materials is surveyed. Ultrasound is a common laboratory tool used to nebulize solutions into fine mists, emulsify mixtures, and drive chemical reactions. Given society's continued use of carbon materials (e.g., carbon black and activated carbon) as pigments, adsorbents, and composite components as well as the exciting new applications being explored for carbon nanotubes, graphene, and meso- and macroporous carbons, the use of ultrasound in the synthesis and modification of carbon materials is of general interest. Here, carbon materials prepared by both ultrasonic spray pyrolysis and high intensity ultrasound will be discussed, with the properties and applications enabled by their preparation highlighted within the individual examples. This article is concluded with some personal perspectives on the directions toward which future research may be aimed.
Pulsed RFEC probe response (1992)

A finite element/finite difference algorithm is described for modeling the pulsed excitation of a remote field eddy current (RFEC) probe used in steel pipeline inspection. Previous work has largely been concerned with the steady-state AC operation of the probe and physical explanations, based on finite element studies, of the probe's sensitivity to outer wall defects. In the present work, the authors discuss the probe response to a sinusoidal pulse and show that such an excitation mode can also be used for outer wall defect detection.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
IEEE 802.11 performance enhancement via concatenation and piggyback mechanisms (2005)

The IEEE 802.11 medium access control (MAC) is a very robust protocol for the best effort service in the wireless medium. However, many studies have reported that it is not very efficient. One of the fundamental problems of MAC inefficiency is overhead. In this paper, we propose two novel mechanisms to reduce overhead of the IEEE 802.11 protocols: 1) concatenation mechanism (CM); and 2) piggyback mechanism (PM). Performance analysis is conducted under both the best-case scenario and the saturation scenario. Studies show that both proposed schemes have greatly improved the system performance.
Polytriazoles with Aggregation-Induced Emission Characteristics: Synthesis by Click Polymerization and Application as Explosive Chemosensors (2009)

Tetraphenylethene (TPE)-containing polytriazoles (P3) with high molecular weights in high yields was synthesized by the Cu(I)-catalyzed click polymerization of diyne with diazides. The diyne and diazide monomers, namely 1,4-bis(propargyloxy) benzene (1), 1,2-bis[4-(azidohexyloxy)phenyl]-1,2- diphenylethene (2a), and 1,2-bis[(4-azidomethyl)phenyl]-1,2-diphenylethene (2b), were synthesized. The monomer structures were confirmed by spectroscopic analyses. The click polymerization in organic media using an organosoluble catalyst of Cu(PPh<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>Br. Utilizing the novel AIE effect, the polytriazoles are used as chemosensors for the detection of explosives in the aggregate and solid states. The emission quenching is observed at a concentration as low as 0.1 μg/mL or 0.1 ppm. The changes in the φ<sub>F</sub> values of P3 in the aqueous mixtures with different water fractions further confirm the AIE characteristics of the polymers.
Low noise radio frequency amplifiers based on niobium dc SQUIDs with microstrip input coupling (1998)

Low noise
Circulating Endothelial Cell Count as a Diagnostic Marker for Non–ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes (2004)

This study demonstrates that CEC count can be used as an early, specific, independent diagnostic marker for non-ST-elevation ACS. A combined strategy using CEC count and troponin I level could provide an effective diagnostic tool.
Potent and Selective Inhibition of Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) by Nucleoside Analogues with an Unusual Bicyclic Base (1999)

We herein report the discovery of an entirely new category of potent antiviral agents based on novel deoxynucleoside analogues with unusual bicyclic base moieties. Target structures, previously known as byproducts in Pd-catalyzed coupling of terminal alkynes with 5-iodo-nucleosides, are recognized herein for the first time to be potent and selective inhibitors of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) in vitro. As an unusual structure-activity relationship we noted the absolute requirement of a long alkyl side chain, with an optimum length of C(8)-C(10), for antiviral activity. We thus report the synthesis and characterization of a series of chain-modified analogues and their extensive in vitro evaluation. The lead compounds have a ca. 300-fold enhancement in anti-VZV activity over the reference compound acyclovir, with no detectable in vitro cytotoxicity. The novel structure of these compounds, coupled with their ease of synthesis, excellent antiviral profile, and promising physical properties, makes them of great interest for possible antiviral drug development.
Interactive 3D visualization of soical network data using cloud computing (2012)

The social networks have revolutionized the online communication and data sharing. The researchers are now focusing on mining and analysis of large amount of social network data for a variety of purposes. However, because of the huge amount of continuously changing data, the data analysis in a daunting task. OLAP analysis is a famous data analysis method which can be used to analyze social data. This work extends our previous work in which we developed interactive 3D visual data cubes for high volume/dimension OLAP data analysis. The implementation of this scheme on traditional computing resources is much time consuming and resource intensive. The advances in cloud computing motivated us to use the cost effective cloud computing for the task of 3D visualization of social networks data. Therefore, in this paper, we propose the usage of cloud computing platforms as a possible solution for analyzing large amount of social network data.
Metal and Semiconductor Nanoparticle Self-Assembly. (2009)

The field of nanotechnology is rapidly growing and faces numerous challenges to its further growth and development. Many new types of nanomaterials and applications for these materials have been developed recently; however, most of the processes by which nanomaterials and nanodevices are produced are top-down processes that are time consuming, expensive, and not practical for scale-up and commercialization. These top-down processes work by creating smaller assemblies and structures from larger ones, or physically manipulating nanomaterials using external forces. On the other hand, bottom-up synthesis and assembly techniques rely on smaller interactions between nanomaterials to guide their self-assembly. These bottom-up techniques, once properly mastered, allow for the economic scale-up of nanomaterial synthesis and nanodevice production. The present thesis focuses on two areas of nanoparticle self-assembly, the first is the spontaneous self-assembly and subsequent recrystallization of semiconductor nanoparticles into nanowires. The self-assembly and recrystallization of CdTe nanoparticles into CdTe nanowires, as well as the effect of the solution properties on the mechanism governing this process, is investigated. Specifically, the effect of dimethyl sulfoxide on the CdTe nanoparticle reorganization into pearl necklace agglomerates, and its effect on Ostwald ripening, which triggers the recrystallization of the pearl necklace agglomerates into nanowires, is studied. The decomposition of CdTe and CdSe nanoparticles into Te and Te/Se nanowires is also studied with particular emphasis on the effect of Se on the aspect ratio and tortuosity on the Te nanowire formation. Finally, the placement of Au nanoparticles and coatings on twisted CdTe nanoribbons by soaking the nanoribbons in HAuCl4 is studied with the objective of creating metallic chiral structures for use in negative index materials. There is a particular emphasis on the effect of crystallinity of the CdTe nanoribbons and the soak time on the type of Au deposition. The second area of this thesis is the spontaneous self-assembly of various types of nanomaterials for applications; namely, the electrostatically driven self-assembly of large, positively charged Au nanoparticles and small, negatively charged CdSe/ZnS quantum dots into higher ordered core/shell assemblies whose structure and photoluminescent properties are responsive to the environment.
A highly redundant robot system for inspection (1994)

The work on the serpentine inspection system at JPL is described. The configuration of the inspection system consists of 20 degrees of freedom in total. In particular, the design and development of the serpentine micromanipulator end-effector tool which has 12 degrees of freedom is described. The inspection system is used for application in JPL's Remote Surface Inspection project and as a research tool in redundant manipulator control.
Inhibition of estrone sulfate-induced uterine growth by potent nonestrogenic steroidal inhibitors of steroid sulfatase. (2003)

The present study describes the biological in vitro and in vivo evaluation of 2-methoxy derivatives of estrogenic inhibitors of steroid sulfatase, namely 3-sulfamoyloxy-17alpha-p-tert-butylbenzyl(or benzyl)-1,3,5 (10)-estratrien-17beta-ols. The addition of the 2-methoxy group conserves the potent inhibitory effect on steroid sulfatase activity (IC(50)s of 0.024 and 0.040 nM) while removing the estrogenic action. Using an ovariectomized mouse model, we show that the first generation of steroid sulfatase inhibitors tested, 3-sulfamoyloxy-17alpha-p-tert-butylbenzyl(or benzyl)estra-1,3,5 (10)-trien-17beta-ols and estrone-3-O-sulfamate, are estrogenic compounds stimulating estrogen-sensitive uterine growth. Interestingly, the 2-methoxy-3-sulfamoyloxy-17alpha-benzylestra-1,3,5 (10)-trien-17beta-ol (7) has no estrogenic activity but efficiently blocks (s.c. and p.o.) uterine growth induced by estrone sulfate, which is converted into estrone and then estradiol by steroid sulfatase and type 1 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, respectively. This report clearly shows that a steroid sulfatase inhibitor can efficiently block estrogen action from the inactive precursor estrone sulfate, in vitro and in vivo.
Deep vein thrombosis: prophylaxis in acute spinal cord injured patients. (1988)

The purpose of this prospective, randomized study was to evaluate the efficacy of low-dose heparin, alone or in combination with electric stimulation, in the prevention of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in C2 to T11 motor complete and incomplete-preserved motor, nonfunctional spinal cord injured patients. The tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius-soleus muscle groups were stimulated bilaterally, using 50 microsecond pulses given at 10Hz with a four-second "on" and an eight-second "off" cycle for 23 hours daily over a 28-day period. Forty-eight patients, less than two weeks after injury, were randomly assigned to saline placebo (n = 17), low-dose heparin (5,000U, subcutaneous every eight hours) (n = 16), and low-dose heparin plus electric stimulation (n = 15). A normal 125-I fibrinogen scan and impedance plethysmography were required for entry into the study. Surveillance for DVT was evaluated by daily 125-I fibrinogen scanning. Venography was performed to confirm a positive impedance plethysmography and/or 125-I fibrinogen scanning tests for two consecutive days and at the completion of the study. The incidence of DVT was 8 of 17 in the placebo group, 8 of 16 in the low-dose heparin group, and 1 of 15 in the electric stimulation plus low-dose heparin group. The use of electric stimulation plus low-dose heparin significantly (p less than 0.05) decreased the incidence of DVT compared to the other treatments.
Laser Chemical Vapor Deposition of Gold: The Effect of Organometallic Structure (1987)

The laser‐induced pyrolytic deposition (LCVD) of gold from dimethylgold acetylacetonate and two fluorinated derivates has been examined. The incorporation of fluorine substituents on the acetylacetonate ligand increases the vapor pressure of the organogold complex substantially. Rates of gold deposition are strongly dependent upon the vapor pressure and therefore, the gold complex utilized. Rates of deposition, deposit resistivities, and deposit purities are compared for each of the gold complexes.