gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enzymatic glucose detection using ZnO nanorods on the gate region of AlGaN∕GaN high electron mobility transistors (2007)

ZnO nanorod-gated AlGaN∕GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) are demonstrated for the detection of glucose. A ZnO nanorod array was selectively grown on the gate area using low temperature hydrothermal decomposition to immobilize glucose oxidase (GOx). The one-dimensional ZnO nanorods provide a large effective surface area with high surface-to-volume ratio and provide a favorable environment for the immobilization of GOx. The AlGaN∕GaN HEMT drain-source current showed a rapid response of less than 5s when target glucose in a buffer with a pH value of 7.4 was added to the GOx immobilized on the ZnO nanorod surface. We could detect a wide range of concentrations from 0.5nMto125μM. The sensor exhibited a linear range from 0.5nMto14.5μM and an experiment limit of detection of 0.5nM. This demonstrates the possibility of using AlGaN∕GaN HEMTs for noninvasive exhaled breath condensate based glucose detection of diabetic application.
Cosmeceutical peptides (2007)

Peptide cosmeceuticals are one of the new, popular options to treat aging skin. There are three main categories of cosmeceutical peptides: signal peptides, neurotransmitter-affecting peptides and carrier peptides. Although their benefits currently may not be as rigorously tested as most FDA-regulated drugs, the evidence to support their use is growing. This article attempts to review the various current popular cosmeceutical peptides, the published studies on their theoretical effects, and their practical use in dermatology.
China - Guiyang Transport Project : indigenous peoples plan (2007)

This indigenous peoples plan for the China Guiyang Transport Project generally focuses on improving the living situation of ethnic minorities in the project-affected area and protecting traditional ethnic cultures. The report also outlines how to encourage the participation of indigenous people in project design, construction, and management. The plan discusses setting up a monitoring and evaluating system to understand the project impacts over the long run and setting up a complaint and feedback mechanism, as part of a consultation system, and providing legal aid to complaining people. Other relief measures suggested are to: 1. Minimize farmland occupation and destruction of water facilities and other infrastructures. 2. Establish and perfect the decision-making mechanism that involves the affected minority population. 3. Provide more job opportunities to the minority's population. 4. Integrate the project with the regional development strategy. 5. Actively guide the granting and use of the compensation money for land requisition and house relocation. 6. Focus on improving the ethnic minority economic and social development. 7. Take effective measures to guarantee and facilitate the development of traditional minority cultures. 8. Give equal opportunities to local women when recruiting workers, and refuse to recruit underage child labor. 9. Strengthen traffic safety education. 10. Set up a rural highway management mechanism to ensure the project is sustained.
Radioimmunotherapy of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with 90Y-DOTA humanized anti-CD22 IgG (90Y-Epratuzumab): do tumor targeting and dosimetry predict therapeutic response? (2003)

These results suggest that (90)Y-DOTA-epratuzmab is a promising agent for the treatment of NHL and warrants further study. There was evidence suggesting that in this system, factors other than tumor radiation dose and targeting may be involved in the success of radioimmunotherapy.
The Clinical Sequelae of Intravascular Hemolysis and Extracellular Plasma Hemoglobin (2005)

A growing body of evidence supports the existence of a novel mechanism of human disease, namely, hemolysis-associated smooth muscle dystonia, vasculopathy, and endothelial dysfunction.
Préparation de diglycérol et triglycérol par polymérisation directe du glycérol en présence de catalyseurs solides (1998)

La reaction d'etherification directe du glycerol en di- ou triglycerol peut etre une voie nouvelle de valorisation du glycerol issu de la methanolyse des huiles. Les polyglycerols ou/et esters de polyglycerols trouvent de nombreuses applications comme intermediaires dans la formulation de detergents, de lubrifiants ou d'additifs alimentaires. Le but de cette etude est donc de preparer selectivement ces produits en presence de catalyseurs solides, plus facilement recyclables et moins corrosifs que les bases ou les acides mineraux actuellement utilises. Il a ete montre que si Na 2 CO 3 est l'un des catalyseurs les plus actifs, la selectivite en diglycerol et triglycerol est peu elevee. Au contraire, des zeolithes echangees par des elements alcalins, NaX et CsHY bien que moins actives, ont une selectivite plus importante sans formation de produit secondaire telle que l'acroleine. La selectivite en diglycerol et triglycerol est en effet de l'ordre de 90 % pour un taux de conversion du glycerol de 80 %. Il est egalement montre que la nature de l'element alcalin a un effet important sur les proprietes catalytiques, les resultats les plus significatifs etant obtenus avec les promoteurs les plus basiques.
"DreamHouse" (2016)

This paper proposes a system which enables users to have enhanced interior deigning and authoring tool through augmented reality (AR). The proposed system, which we refer to as DreamHouse, focuses on providing natural user interaction and realistic AR experience by enabling following features: 1) allowing users to utilize bare-hand interaction with an attached egocentric RGB-D camera when trying to make detail adjustments to virtual objects' size, location and orientation, 2) rendering every virtual object in consideration of an environment and lighting conditions, creating photo-realistic scenes to help users to have immersive and realistic interior designing experience. As a result, DreamHouse allows users to freely and easily interact in physical space with virtual objects using bare hands and gives immersive and realistic AR authoring experience to users through photo-realistic rendering.
Time difference of arrival dilution of precision and applications (1999)

Performance prediction for time difference of arrival (TDOA) systems that rely on standard covariance methods exhibit poor correlation with simulated results. A superior metric (TDOA dilution of precision (DOP)) is derived. DOP is familiar to Global Positioning System (GPS) users and, although the equations governing TDOA DOP are quite different, application of the concept is identical.
Deep Convolutional Neural Network with Independent Softmax for Large Scale Face Recognition (2016)

In this paper, we present our solution to the MS-Celeb-1M Challenge. This challenge aims to recognize 100k celebrities at the same time. The huge number of celebrities is the bottleneck for training a deep convolutional neural network of which the output is equal to the number of celebrities. To solve this problem, an independent softmax model is proposed to split the single classifier into several small classifiers. Meanwhile, the training data are split into several partitions. This decomposes the large scale training procedure into several medium training procedures which can be solved separately. Besides, a large model is also trained and a simple strategy is introduced to merge the two models. Extensive experiments on the MSR-Celeb-1M dataset demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method. Our solution ranks the first and second in two tracks of the final evaluation.
Improvement of patency rate in heparin-coated small synthetic vascular grafts. (1998)

Small grafts show a high rate of graft thrombosis and an enhanced intimal hyperplasia. ePTFE grafts show significantly less intimal hyperplasia and percentage of stenosis than polyurethane grafts. Heparin coating significantly reduced graft thrombosis but had no significant effect on intimal hyperplasia. Thus, heparin coating seems to be beneficial for graft patency, and ePTFE appears to be superior to polyurethane as graft material.
Comparison of different CpG oligodeoxynucleotide classes for their capability to stimulate human NK cells (2006)

Oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) containing unmethylated CpG dinucleotides (CpG ODN) mimic the immunostimulatory activity of microbial DNA via Toll-like receptor (TLR)9. Previous studies indicated that human NK cells express functional TLR3 and TLR9, since their cytokine release and cytolytic function could be incremented by poly(I:C) or ODN A/B, respectively. We have now evaluated the capability of a novel class of CpG ODN, termed ODN C, to modulate the function of human NK cells in the presence of exogenous cytokines. We show that NK cells isolated from peripheral blood and cultured with ODN C, in the presence of either IL-12 or IL-8, express higher levels of CD69 as compared to those stimulated with either ODN A or ODN B. Moreover, NK cells cultured with ODN C displayed higher cytolytic activity against tumor cell lines. These effects were not confined to freshly isolated peripheral blood NK cells since polyclonal NK cell populations that had been cultured in the presence of exogenous IL-2 for several weeks also displayed higher cytolytic activity and cytokine release after culture in the presence of ODN C. Remarkably, NK cells displaying poor responses to ODN A/B were efficiently stimulated by ODN C.
Immunohistochemical Localization of the Androgen Receptor in Rat and Human Tissues* (1990)

Immunohistochemical localization of the androgen receptor (AR) was performed in reproductive tissues, submaxillary gland, pituitary, and brain of the rat and in human prostate. AR was visualized using either of two polyclonal antibodies raised against peptides with sequences derived from rat and human AR. Tissue sections of 6-8 microns, frozen in isopentane and fixed in paraformaldehyde, were stained using immunoglobulin G fractions of immune, preimmune, and peptide-adsorbed immune sera in the avidin-biotin peroxidase procedure. AR was prominent in nuclei of acinar epithelial cells of epididymis, ventral prostate, seminal vesicle, and ductus deferens from the intact rat. Androgen withdrawal, 3 days after castration, resulted in the loss of receptor immunostaining, which was restored within 15 min of androgen administration. Stromal cell staining was absent or weak in the ventral prostate of intact rats, but was more evident in the epididymis. AR was confined to nuclei of cells within and bordering the interstitial compartment of the testis, including Sertoli cells, peritubular myoid cells, and interstitial cells, and was undetectable in germ cells. Submaxillary gland epithelial cells and a population of rat anterior pituitary cells showed strong nuclear staining of AR. In rat brain, AR was present in the medial preoptic, arcurate, and ventromedial nuclei of the hypothalamus, the medial nucleus of the amygdala, the CA-1 hippocampus, and the cortex. AR was prominent in acinar epithelial cells in human benign prostatic hyperplasia and was also present in stroma of fibromuscular benign hyperplasia. Heterogeneous staining was observed in stromal and epithelial cells of prostatic adenocarcinoma. The results of these studies indicate that AR can be detected immunohistochemically in a variety of tissues and cell types using antipeptide polyclonal antibodies. The presence of AR in tissues correlated with their known androgen responsiveness.
Distinct functional significance of Akt and mTOR constitutive activation in mantle cell lymphoma (2008)

Functional characterization of signaling pathways that critically control mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) cell growth and survival is relevant to designing new therapies for this lymphoma. We herein demonstrate that the constitutive activation of Akt correlates with the expression of the phosphorylated, inactive form of PTEN. Phosphatidyl-inositol-3 kinase (PI3-K)/Akt or mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibition decreased the growth of both primary MCL cultures and established cell lines and antagonizes the growth-promoting activity of CD40 triggering and IL-4. These effects are mediated by nuclear accumulation of the p27(Kip1) inhibitor induced by down-regulation of the p45(Skp2) and Cks1 proteins, which target p27(Kip1) for degradation. Moreover, Akt inhibition down-regulated cyclin D1 by promoting its proteasome-dependent degradation driven by GSK-3. Intriguingly, mTOR inhibition affected cyclin D1 proteolysis only in MCL cells in which GSK-3 is under the direct control of mTOR, suggesting that different MCL subsets could be differently responsive to mTOR inhibition. Finally, PI3-K/Akt inhibitors, but not rapamycin, induced variable levels of caspase-dependent apoptosis and reduced telomerase activity. These results indicate that Akt and mTOR activation have distinct functional relevance in MCL and suggest that targeting Akt may result in more effective therapeutic effects compared with mTOR inhibition.
Expression of Helios, an Ikaros Transcription Factor Family Member, Differentiates Thymic-Derived from Peripherally Induced Foxp3+ T Regulatory Cells (2010)

Helios, a member of the Ikaros transcription factor family, is preferentially expressed at the mRNA level by regulatory T cells (Treg cells). We evaluated Helios protein expression using a newly generated mAb and demonstrated that it is expressed in all thymocytes at the double negative 2 stage of thymic development. Although Helios was expressed by 100% of CD4(+)CD8(-)Foxp3(+) thymocytes, its expression in peripheral lymphoid tissues was restricted to a subpopulation ( approximately 70%) of Foxp3(+) T cells in mice and humans. Neither mouse nor human naive T cells induced to express Foxp3 in vitro by TCR stimulation in the presence of TGF-beta expressed Helios. Ag-specific Foxp3(+) T cells induced in vivo by Ag feeding also failed to express Helios. Collectively, these results demonstrate that Helios is potentially a specific marker of thymic-derived Treg cells and raises the possibility that a significant percentage of Foxp3(+) Treg cells are generated extrathymically.
Complexity (1997)

Things used to be so simple. In the old days, a thousand generations ago or so, human technology wasn’t much more complicated than the twigs stripped of leaves that some chimpanzees use to fish in anthills. A large bone for a club, a pointed stick for digging, a sharp rock to scrape animal skins—such were mankind’s only tools for most of its history. Even after the appearance of more sophisticated, multipiece devices—the bow and arrow, the potter’s wheel, the ox-drawn cart—nothing was difficult to understand or decipher. The logic of a tool was clear upon inspection, or perhaps after a little experimentation. No longer. No single person can comprehend the entire workings of, say, a Boeing 747. Not its pilot, not its maintenance chief, not any of the thousands of engineers who worked upon its design. The aircraft contains six million individual parts assembled into hundreds of components and systems, each with a role to play in getting the 165-ton behemoth from Singapore to San Francisco or Sidney to Saskatoon. There are structural components such as the wings and the six sections that are joined together to form the fuselage. There are the four 21,000-horsepower Pratt &amp; Whitney engines. The landing gear. The radar and navigation systems. The instrumentation and controls. The maintenance computers. The fire-fighting system. The emergency oxygen in case the cabin loses pressure. Understanding how and why just one subassembly works demands years of study, and even so, the comprehension never seems as palpable, as tangible, as real as the feel for flight one gets by building a few hundred paper airplanes and launching them across the schoolyard. Such complexity makes modern technology fundamentally different from anything that has gone before. Large, complex systems such as commercial airliners and nuclear power plants require large, complex organizations for their design, construction, and operation. This opens up the technology to a variety of social and organizational influences, such as the business factors described in chapter 3. More importantly, complex systems are not completely predictable.
An Organometallic Route to Oligonucleotides Containing Phosphoroselenoate (2002)

Unlike the widespread use of phosphorothioates in nucleic acid chemistry, complementary research on phosphoroselenoates has been severely limited. Previous routes to DNA and RNA that contain phosphoroselenoates employ elemental Se and KSeCN as Se transfer agents, although these reagents suffer from low or unselective reactivity. The metastability of the Pbond;Se bond demands soluble, selective Se transfer reagents. The organometallic reagent (iPrC(5)H(4))(2)TiSe(5) satisfies these criteria, as we demonstrate by the synthesis of phosphoroselenoate derivatives of mono- and oligonucleotides of DNA and a dinucleotide of RNA. The new general method is compatible with high-throughput phosphoramidate oligonucleotide synthesis, which allows for the preparation of site-specifically labeled oligonucleotides. A (31)P NMR spectroscopy study shows that the phosphoroselenoate of (5')-d(GGAATGTC(Se)TGTCG)-(3') selectively binds to soft Cd(2+) ions but not Mg(2+) ions.
Wireless Networks Should Spread Spectrum Based on Demands. (2008)

Today’s local-area, mesh and cellular networks assign a single narrow-band channel to a node, and this assignment remains fixed over long time scales. Using network traces, we show that the load within a network can vary significantly even over short time scales on the order of tens of seconds. Therefore, we make the case for allocating spectrum ondemand to nodes and regions of the network that need it. We present an architecture that shares the entire spectrum on-demand using spread-spectrum codes. If implemented, the system will achieve fine-grained spectrum allocation for bursty traffic without requiring inter-cell coordination. Preliminary experiments suggest a throughput improvement of 75 % over commodity 802.11b networks. By eschewing the notion of channelization, and matching demand bursts with spectrum dynamically, better wireless networks that sustain higher throughputs may be designed. 1
A role for cAMP in regeneration of the adult mammalian CNS (2003)

Injury to the adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS) often results in permanent loss of sensory and motor function. This is due to the failure of injured axons to regenerate. The inhibitory nature of the CNS can be attributed to several factors, including formation of the glial scar, the presence of several molecules, associated with myelin, which inhibit axonal regrowth, and the intrinsic growth state of these neurons. Encouraging regeneration in the adult mammalian CNS therefore will require targeting one or all of these factors following injury. Here we illustrate recent work from our laboratory that identifies some of the signalling components involved in modulation of the intrinsic growth state of adult neurons. When activated, these signalling pathways can induce axonal regeneration in the presence of the myelin-associated inhibitors both in vitro and in vivo.
Endogenous regulation of cardiovascular function by apelin-APJ (2009)

Studies have shown significant cardiovascular effects of exogenous apelin administration, including the potent activation of cardiac contraction. However, the role of the endogenous apelin-APJ pathway is less clear. To study the loss of endogenous apelin-APJ signaling, we generated mice lacking either the ligand (apelin) or the receptor (APJ). Apelin-deficient mice were viable, fertile, and showed normal development. In contrast, APJ-deficient mice were not born in the expected Mendelian ratio, and many showed cardiovascular developmental defects. Under basal conditions, both apelin and APJ null mice that survived to adulthood manifested modest decrements in contractile function. However, with exercise stress both mutant lines demonstrated consistent and striking decreases in exercise capacity. To explain these findings, we explored the role of autocrine signaling in vitro using field stimulation of isolated left ventricular cardiomyocytes lacking either apelin or APJ. Both groups manifested less sarcomeric shortening and impaired velocity of contraction and relaxation with no difference in calcium transient. Taken together, these results demonstrate that endogenous apelin-APJ signaling plays a modest role in maintaining basal cardiac function in adult mice with a more substantive role during conditions of stress. In addition, an autocrine pathway seems to exist in myocardial cells, the ablation of which reduces cellular contraction without change in calcium transient. Finally, differences in the developmental phenotype between apelin and APJ null mice suggest the possibility of undiscovered APJ ligands or ligand-independent effects of APJ.
Mammalian artificial chromosomes: a new tool for gene therapy. (1994)

Effective therapy by in vivo delivery of DNA requires efficient delivery, long-term maintenance of the DNA that is delivered and physiological levels of expression of the therapeutic gene. Full levels of physiologically controlled expression can be obtained after transfer of intact genes on fragments of DNA hundreds of kilobases in size, as has been demonstrated by the transfer of yeast artificial chromosomes into transgenic mice. Long-term maintenance of input DNA could be achieved if the DNA carried replication origins, a centromere and telomeres to allow maintenance and segregation in mammalian cells, and there has been recent progress towards cloning these elements. These features could be combined as a mammalian artificial chromosome which would confer full levels of controlled expression as well as being maintained in any cell into which it was introduced. Methods which would allow delivery of such large fragments of DNA include liposomes and receptor-mediated uptake, both of which have been shown to work in vivo, making such large constructs potentially applicable for use in gene therapy.
Compile-time area estimation for LUT-based FPGAs (2006)

The Cameron Project has developed a system for compiling codes written in a high-level language called SA-C, to FPGA-based reconfigurable computing systems. In order to exploit the parallelism available on the FPGAs, the SA-C compiler performs a large number of optimizations such as full loop unrolling, loop fusion and strip-mining. However, since the area on an FPGA is limited, the compiler needs to know the effect of compiler optimizations on the FPGA area; this information is typically not available until after the synthesis and place and route stage, which can take hours. In this article, we present a compile-time area estimation technique to guide SA-C compiler optimizations. We demonstrate our technique for a variety of benchmarks written in SA-C. Experimental results show that our technique predicts the area required for a design to within 2.5% of actual for small image processing operators and to within 5.0% for larger benchmarks. The estimation time is in the order of milliseconds, compared with minutes for the synthesis tool.