gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical Absorption Spectra of Ni-Doped Oxide Systems. I (1961)

The optical absorption was studied at room temperature, at 78°, and at 4.2°K in the 2.6-μ to 0.2-μ region in single crystals of MgO, ZnO, MgAl2O4, and yttrium-gallium garnet doped with nickel. The absorptions found were correlated to electronic transitions within the 3d-shell using the formalism of the crystal-field theory. The value of the Dq and B parameters were derived for MgO:Ni (Dq = — 815 cm—1; B = 890 cm—1) and for ZnO:Ni where Ni is tetrahedrally coordinated (Dq = 405 cm—1; B = 795 cm—1). Interesting fine structure was found in the absorption spectra of MgO:Ni and its implications are discussed. An attempt is made to explain some of the fine structure of the absorptions in MgO and ZnO as due to spin-orbit effects. The observed spectra for MgO:Ni are used to infer the presence of Ni++ in octahedral coordination, both in the spinel and in the green phase of yttrium gallium garnet.
Aloe-emodin is a new type of anticancer agent with selective activity against neuroectodermal tumors. (2000)

Here we report that aloe-emodin (AE), a hydroxyanthraquinone present in Aloe vera leaves, has a specific in vitro and in vivo antineuroectodermal tumor activity. The growth of human neuroectodermal tumors is inhibited in mice with severe combined immunodeficiency without any appreciable toxic effects on the animals. The compound does not inhibit the proliferation of normal fibroblasts nor that of hemopoietic progenitor cells. The cytotoxicity mechanism consists of the induction of apoptosis, whereas the selectivity against neuroectodermal tumor cells is founded on a specific energy-dependent pathway of drug incorporation. Taking into account its unique cytotoxicity profile and mode of action, AE might represent a conceptually new lead antitumor drug.
Capacitance anomaly near the metal—non-metal transition in Cr—hydrogenated amorphous Si—V thin-film devices (1996)

Abstract We present experimental results that show a metal—non-metal (MNM) transition occurring in hydrogenated amorphous Si (a-Si: H) analogue memory devices as a function of temperature. The dc resistance of the devices undergoes a continuous change in the range 65–100 K from semiconductor-like behaviour to metallic behaviour, as the temperature increases. The ac conductivity, measured over the frequency range 1–3·1 × 107 Hz, shows an anomalous change as the temperature is varied over the MNM transition. Ac characteristics were modelled using multicomponent RC and RL equivalent circuits below and above the MNM transition region respectively. It is found that the capacitance increases markedly when the temperature approaches the MNM transition from the semiconductor side. Near the transition temperature this capacitance disappears, and the equivalent circuit now requires an inductive component together with a resistance which has a positive temperature coefficient of resistance equivalent to that of the dc resistance in this temperature range. This anomalous behaviour is explained in terms of a percolation-like critical behaviour of the dielectric constant εeff, which diverges at the threshold pc .
Mitogenic response of adult rat olfactory ensheathing glia to four growth factors (2001)

Olfactory ensheathing glia (EG) from adult rat proliferate slowly in vitro without added mitogens. The potential future use of EG in transplantation within the central nervous system to improve neural repair is dependent on identifying mitogens that will effectively expand EG without altering their phenotype. The mitogenic effects of heregulin (HRG), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2), platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and forskolin (FSK) on cultured adult-derived rat EG were monitored by tritiated-thymidine labeling and p75 immunostaining. In serum-containing medium, HRG, FGF-2, PDGF-BB, IGF-1, and FSK were capable of stimulating EG proliferation, and the stimulation by these growth factors was potentiated by FSK. The combinations of HRG + FGF-2, HRG + PDGF-BB, HRG + IGF-1, FGF-2 + PDGF-BB, and FGF-2 + IGF-1 all promoted EG proliferation in an additive manner. In serum-free medium, HRG and FGF-2 were mitogenic, but PDGF-BB, IGF-1 and FSK were not; however, FSK potentiated the stimulation by HRG and FGF-2, and the combination of HRG + FGF-2 promoted EG proliferation in an additive manner. This new information will be useful for the design of protocols to achieve sufficient numbers of adult-derived EG for clinical purposes. This study also further establishes similarities between EG and Schwann cells.
Molecular phenotyping of circulating tumour cells in patients with prostate cancer: prediction of distant metastases (2012)

• SOD2, GPX1 and AR represent a novel biomarker set for circulating cancer cells (clusters and scattered individual cells) in PCa. • The clinical usefulness of these biomarkers ranges from the prediction of clinical tumours to disease prognostication, therapy monitoring and therapy outcome prediction (hormonal therapies, chemotherapies). • The presence of CCCs and CECs after batch isolation allows the addition of genes for intensive studies, e.g. drug resistance.
Molecular Cloning and Functional Expression of a Phorbol Ester-inducible 8S-Lipoxygenase from Mouse Skin (1997)

One of the effects of topical application of phorbol ester to mouse skin is the induction of an 8S-lipoxygenase in association with the inflammatory response. Here we report the molecular cloning and characterization of this enzyme. The cDNA was isolated by polymerase chain reaction from mouse epidermis and subsequently from a mouse epidermal cDNA library. The cDNA encodes a protein of 677 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 76 kDa. The amino acid sequence has 78% identity to a 15S-lipoxygenase cloned recently from human skin and approximately 40% identity to other mammalian lipoxygenases. When expressed in vaccinia virus-infected Hela cells, the mouse enzyme converts arachidonic acid exclusively to 8S-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid while linoleic acid is converted to 9S-hydroperoxy-linoleic acid in lower efficiency. Phorbol ester treatment of mouse skin is associated with strong induction of 8S-lipoxygenase mRNA and protein. By Northern analysis, expression of 8S-lipoxygenase mRNA was also detected in brain. Immunohistochemical analysis of phorbol ester-treated mouse skin showed the strongest reaction to 8S-lipoxygenase in the differentiated epidermal layer, the stratum granulosum. The inducibility may be a characteristic feature of the mouse 8S-lipoxygenase and its human 15S-lipoxygenase homologue.
Analysis of the Interactions of Botanical Extract Combinations Against the Viability of Prostate Cancer Cell Lines (2006)

Herbal medicines are often combinations of botanical extracts that are assumed to have additive or synergistic effects. The purpose of this investigation was to compare the effect of individual botanical extracts with combinations of extracts on prostate cell viability. We then modeled the interactions between botanical extracts in combination isobolographically. Scutellaria baicalensis, Rabdosia rubescens, Panax-pseudo ginseng, Dendranthema morifolium, Glycyrrhiza uralensis and Serenoa repens were collected, taxonomically identified and extracts prepared. Effects of the extracts on cell viability were quantitated in prostate cell lines using a luminescent ATP cell viability assay. Combinations of two botanical extracts of the four most active extracts were tested in the 22Rv1 cell line and their interactions assessed using isobolographic analysis. Each extract significantly inhibited the proliferation of prostate cell lines in a time- and dose-dependent manner except S. repens. The most active extracts, S. baicalensis, D. morifolium, G. uralensis and R. rubescens were tested as two-extract combinations. S. baicalensis and D. morifolium when combined were additive with a trend toward synergy, whereas D. morifolium and R. rubescens together were additive. The remaining two-extract combinations showed antagonism. The four extracts together were significantly more effective than the two-by-two combinations and the individual extracts alone. Combining the four herbal extracts significantly enhanced their activity in the cell lines tested compared with extracts alone. The less predictable nature of the two-way combinations suggests a need for careful characterization of the effects of each individual herb based on their intended use.
Potential inhibitors of S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferases. 11. Molecular dissections of neplanocin A as potential inhibitors of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (1988)

A series of 9-(hydroxyalkenyl)purines (adenines and 3-deazaadenines), which are analogues of neplanocin A, were synthesized. The analogues were tested as inhibitors of bovine liver and murine L929 cell S-adenosyhomocysteine (AdoHcy) hydrolase (EC 3.3.1.1) and as inhibitors of vaccinia virus replication in murine L929 cells. Compounds 1b, 2a, 2b, 4a, 4b, 7, 9a, and 9b showed the best inhibitory effects toward bovine liver AdoHcy hydrolase, with compound 4b being the most potent. The compounds that were shown to be the most potent inhibitors of the bovine liver AdoHcy hydrolase all contained an allylic hydroxyl group in the cis position to the adenine or the 3-deazaadenine rings. It was concluded that the cis arrangement of the allylic hydroxyl groups in these acyclic compounds represented the minimum structural requirement of the trihydroxycyclopentenyl ring of neplanocin A to show inhibitory effects against AdoHcy hydrolase. The antiviral effects of these acyclic analogues were significantly less than neplanocin A; however, there appears to be a correlation between the antiviral activity and the inhibition of AdoHcy hydrolase for compounds 2a, 2b, 4a, 4b, and 7. Analogue 4b, which exhibited the best antiviral activity (IC50 = 70 microM) in this acyclic series, is substantially less potent than neplanocin A (IC50 = 0.08 microM) as an antiviral agent.
Synthesis and configurational analysis of a dinucleoside phosphate isotopically chiral at phosphorus. Stereochemical course of Penicillium citrinum nuclease P1 reaction (1983)

(Rp)- and (Sp)-5'-O-thymidyl 3'-O-thymidyl [18O]phosphates have been synthesized by reaction of the respective (Sp)- and (Rp)-phosphorothioate precursors with N-bromosuccinimide in dioxane and H218O. Stereochemical analysis of the product derived from the (Rp)-phosphorothioate by digestion with snake venom phosphodiesterase in H217O and examination of the isotopic chirality of the resulting thymidine 5'-[16O,17O,18O]phosphate demonstrate that the replacement reaction has proceeded with inversion of configuration at phosphorus. Inspection of the 31P NMR spectrum of the methyl esters prepared from (Sp)-5'-O-thymidyl 3'-O-thymidyl [18O]phosphate confirms that the replacement reaction has proceeded with very little if any racemization. This spectrum also allows the assignment of the absolute configuration of these methyl triesters. (Rp)-5'-O-Thymidyl 3'-O-thymidyl [18O]phosphate has been used to demonstrate that the stereochemical course of the hydrolytic reaction catalyzed by nuclease P1 from Penicillium citrum proceeds with inversion of configuration at phosphorus and therefore probably does not involve the participation of a covalent enzyme intermediate.
Application of Solid-Phase Microextraction to the Recovery of Organic Explosives (1998)

The application of solid-phase microextraction to the recovery of residues of organic explosives by headspace sampling is discussed. It was found that the technique was rapid and simple. Polydimethylsiloxane and polyacrylate resin were examined as adsorption phases and the latter was found to be more effective. It was found that non-volatile explosives (PETN, RDX, and TNT) should be extracted at about 100 degrees. Acceptable limits of detection were achieved using bench top quadrupole mass spectrometry and short extraction times (about 30 min). Increasing the extraction times to many hours resulted in significantly enhanced detection. Desorption of PETN from the solid phase was found to induce some decomposition of the explosive, but the technique was still valuable for the analysis of this compound.
Memory scaling: A systems architecture perspective (2013)

The memory system is a fundamental performance and energy bottleneck in almost all computing systems. Recent system design, application, and technology trends that require more capacity, bandwidth, efficiency, and predictability out of the memory system make it an even more important system bottleneck. At the same time, DRAM technology is experiencing difficult technology scaling challenges that make the maintenance and enhancement of its capacity, energy-efficiency, and reliability significantly more costly with conventional techniques. In this paper, after describing the demands and challenges faced by the memory system, we examine some promising research and design directions to overcome challenges posed by memory scaling. Specifically, we survey three key solution directions: 1) enabling new DRAM architectures, functions, interfaces, and better integration of the DRAM and the rest of the system, 2) designing a memory system that employs emerging memory technologies and takes advantage of multiple different technologies, 3) providing predictable performance and QoS to applications sharing the memory system. We also briefly describe our ongoing related work in combating scaling challenges of NAND flash memory.
Stretchable and Soft Electronics using Liquid Metals (2017)

The use of liquid metals based on gallium for soft and stretchable electronics is discussed. This emerging class of electronics is motivated, in part, by the new opportunities that arise from devices that have mechanical properties similar to those encountered in the human experience, such as skin, tissue, textiles, and clothing. These types of electronics (e.g., wearable or implantable electronics, sensors for soft robotics, e-skin) must operate during deformation. Liquid metals are compelling materials for these applications because, in principle, they are infinitely deformable while retaining metallic conductivity. Liquid metals have been used for stretchable wires and interconnects, reconfigurable antennas, soft sensors, self-healing circuits, and conformal electrodes. In contrast to Hg, liquid metals based on gallium have low toxicity and essentially no vapor pressure and are therefore considered safe to handle. Whereas most liquids bead up to minimize surface energy, the presence of a surface oxide on these metals makes it possible to pattern them into useful shapes using a variety of techniques, including fluidic injection and 3D printing. In addition to forming excellent conductors, these metals can be used actively to form memory devices, sensors, and diodes that are completely built from soft materials. The properties of these materials, their applications within soft and stretchable electronics, and future opportunities and challenges are considered.
Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of a Single-Chain Peptide Antagonist for the Relaxin-3 Receptor RXFP3 (2011)

Relaxin-3 is a two-chain disulfide-rich peptide that is the ancestral member of the relaxin peptide family and, together with its G protein-coupled receptor RXFP3, is highly expressed in the brain. Strong evolutionary conservation of relaxin-3 suggests a critical biological function and recent studies have demonstrated modulation of sensory, neuroendocrine, metabolic, and cognitive systems. However, detailed studies of central relaxin-3-RXFP3 signaling have until now been severely hampered by the lack of a readily available high-affinity antagonist for RXFP3. Previous studies have utilized a complex two-chain chimeric relaxin peptide, R3(BΔ23-27)R/I5, in which a truncated relaxin-3 B-chain carrying an additional C-terminal Arg residue was combined with the insulin-like peptide 5 (INSL5) A-chain. In this study we demonstrate that, by replacing the native Cys in this truncated relaxin-3 B-chain with Ser, a single-chain linear peptide of 23 amino acids that retains high-affinity antagonism for RXFP3 can be achieved. In vivo studies demonstrate that this peptide, R3 B1-22R, antagonized relaxin-3/RXFP3 induced increases in feeding in rats after intracerebroventricular injection. Thus, R3 B1-22R represents an excellent tool for biological studies probing relaxin pharmacology and a lead molecule for the development of synthetically tractable, single-chain RXFP3 modulators for clinical use.
Divergent [{ONNN}Mg–Cl] complexes in highly active and living lactide polymerization (2017)

Chloro-magnesium complexes of divergent tetradentate-monoanionic {ONNN}-type ligands which formed as either mononuclear or dinuclear complexes are reported. These complexes catalyze the ring-opening polymerization of lactide with high activity and in a living manner, and enable the synthesis of well-defined stereo-diblock copolymers with <i>M</i><sub>n</sub> > 200 kDa, as well as stereo-<i>n</i>-block copolymers (<i>n</i> = tri, tetra) with high molecular weights by sequential monomer addition. Thermal and crystallographic characterizations revealed that even the very high molecular weight PLA copolymers crystallized in a stereocomplex phase, and that their degradation temperature was as high as 354 °C.
Filament formation and the final resistance modeling in amorphous-silicon vertical programmable element (1993)

Recent results on an amorphous-silicon vertical programmable element (PEL) made by ion implantation of single crystal silicon are presented. This device has already been demonstrated in 4 K and 16 K memory designs and EPGAs. It can be incorporated within conventional PMOS, NMOS, CMOS, bipolar, and BiCMOS designs. Its preprogrammed resistance exceeds 10/sup 7/ Omega , while its postprogrammed resistance can be 1 k Omega or lower. The ion-implanted programmable element (IPEL) and other vertical fuses offer unique features like a long retention time at elevated temperatures and very small footprint. They can be scaled down to nanoelectronics circuits with functional density exceeding 10/sup 9/ devices/cm/sup 2/.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Bystander killing effect of <scp>DS</scp>‐8201a, a novel anti‐human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 antibody–drug conjugate, in tumors with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 heterogeneity (2016)

Antibody-drug conjugates deliver anticancer agents selectively and efficiently to tumor tissue and have significant antitumor efficacy with a wide therapeutic window. DS-8201a is a human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeting antibody-drug conjugate prepared using a novel linker-payload system with a potent topoisomerase I inhibitor, exatecan derivative (DX-8951 derivative, DXd). It was effective against trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1)-insensitive patient-derived xenograft models with both high and low HER2 expression. In this study, the bystander killing effect of DS-8201a was evaluated and compared with that of T-DM1. We confirmed that the payload of DS-8201a, DXd (1), was highly membrane-permeable whereas that of T-DM1, Lys-SMCC-DM1, had a low level of permeability. Under a coculture condition of HER2-positive KPL-4 cells and negative MDA-MB-468 cells in vitro, DS-8201a killed both cells, whereas T-DM1 and an antibody-drug conjugate with a low permeable payload, anti-HER2-DXd (2), did not. In vivo evaluation was carried out using mice inoculated with a mixture of HER2-positive NCI-N87 cells and HER2-negative MDA-MB-468-Luc cells by using an in vivo imaging system. In vivo, DS-8201a reduced the luciferase signal of the mice, indicating suppression of the MDA-MB-468-Luc population; however, T-DM1 and anti-HER2-DXd (2) did not. Furthermore, it was confirmed that DS-8201a was not effective against MDA-MB-468-Luc tumors inoculated at the opposite side of the NCI-N87 tumor, suggesting that the bystander killing effect of DS-8201a is observed only in cells neighboring HER2-positive cells, indicating low concern in terms of systemic toxicity. These results indicated that DS-8201a has a potent bystander effect due to a highly membrane-permeable payload and is beneficial in treating tumors with HER2 heterogeneity that are unresponsive to T-DM1.
Multiple insulin injections using a pen injector versus insulin pump treatment in young diabetic patients. (1987)

Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) of 6 months duration was compared with 6 months of multiple insulin injections (MII) using a pen injector (NovoPen) in a prospective cross-over study with 20 young insulin dependent diabetics by evaluating metabolic control, insulin requirements and patient acceptability. Following both intensified regimens (CSII/MII) serum fructosamine declined significantly from 4.1 +/- 0.7 to 3.4 +/- 0.5 mmol/l and 3.6 +/- 0.7 mmol/l respectively (normal range: 2.2 +/- 0.2 mmol/l). When comparing CSII and MII no significant differences could be demonstrated in mean blood glucose (MBG), fasting plasma ketone bodies, fasting plasma free fatty acids (FFA), fasting plasma human growth hormone (HGH), fasting plasma glucagon or serum fructosamine. Mean insulin requirement was 11.4% higher during MII and glucose instability--demonstrated by the M-values and by the frequency of blood glucose values below 4 mmol/l--was significantly (p less than 0.02) higher during the MII treatment. All of the patients reported a better well-being on both treatment regimens and none of them wanted to go back to conventional therapy (CT). In conclusion, on a long-term basis both regimens result in identical metabolic control, but due to physical discomfort during pump treatment, the insulin pen injector was preferred by the majority (80%) of the patients.
3D-QSAR and Receptor Modeling of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors with Flexible Atom Receptor Model (FLARM) (2002)

A set of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors was investigated with the aim of developing 3D-QSAR models using the Flexible Atom Receptor Model (FLARM) method. Some 3D-QSAR models were built with high correlation coefficients, and the FLARM method predicted the biological activities of compounds in test set well. The FLARM method also gave the pseudoreceptor model, which indicates the possible interactions between the receptor and the ligand. The possible interactions include two hydrogen bonds, one hydrophobic interaction, and one sulfur-aromatic interaction, which are in accord with those in the pharmacophore model given by the scientists at Novartis. This shows that the FLARM method can bridge 3D-QSAR and receptor modeling in computer-aided drug design. Pharmacophore can be obtained according to these results, and 3D searching can then be done with databases to find the lead compound of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
29.3L: Late‐News Paper: Eye‐Trace Integration Effect on The Perception of Moving Pictures and A New Possibility for Reducing Blur on Hold‐Type Displays (2002)

Abstract A detailed analysis on “eye‐trace integration” which causes the degradation of moving pictures is made. Some intrinsic characteristics and questions are found and the visual results that show the effects of the overdrive and the intraframe blanking are obtained. Also a new possibility is found, that could produce a better view without using blanking.