gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Peukert Revisited—Critical Appraisal and Need for Modification for Lithium-Ion Batteries (2013)

The Peukert relationship was originally introduced in 1897 for lead-acid batteries and defines one of the most common parameters for battery performance evaluation. This article assesses its application for lithium-ion batteries. From the performed analysis, we can conclude that the Peukert relationship is suitable in a narrow working range such as limited current range and almost constant working temperature. Taking into account however that lithium-ion traction batteries in battery electric vehicle applications operate under strongly variable conditions, a novel relationship has been developed, allowing a more accurate description of the discharge capacity of lithium-ion batteries than the Peukert relationship does. The proposed new relationship has been derived based on comprehensive experimental analysis of the parameters that affect the battery discharge capacity and can be implemented in battery mathematical models.
Enhancer of Polycomb Is a Suppressor of Position-Effect Variegation in Drosophila melanogaster (1998)

Polycomb group (PcG) genes of Drosophila are negative regulators of homeotic gene expression required for maintenance of determination. Sequence similarity between Polycomb and Su(var)205 led to the suggestion that PcG genes and modifiers of position-effect variegation (PEV) might function analogously in the establishment of chromatin structure. If PcG proteins participate directly in the same process that leads to PEV, PcG mutations should suppress PEV. We show that mutations in E(Pc), an unusual member of the PcG, suppress PEV of four variegating rearrangements: In(l)wm4, B(SV), T(2;3)Sb(V) and In(2R)bw(VDe2). Using reversion of a Pelement insertion, deficiency mapping, and recombination mapping as criteria, homeotic effects and suppression of PEV associated with E(Pc) co-map. Asx is an enhancer of PEV, whereas nine other PcG loci do not affect PEV. These results support the conclusion that there are fewer similarities between PcG genes and modifiers of PEV than previously supposed. However, E(Pc) appears to be an important link between the two groups. We discuss why Asx might act as an enhancer of PEV.
Predicting HIV drug resistance with neural networks (2002)

The prediction performance of the classifiers was measured by cross-validation. The classifier using the structure information correctly classified previously unseen mutants with an accuracy of between 60 and 70%. Several architectures were tested on the more abundant sequence data. The best single classifier provided an accuracy of 68% and a coverage of 69%. Multiple networks were then combined into various majority voting schemes. The best combination yielded an average of 85% coverage and 78% accuracy on previously unseen data. This is more than two times better than the 33% accuracy expected from a random classifier.
The InfoPad multimedia terminal: a portable device for wireless information access (1998)

The architecture of a device that is optimized for wireless information access and display of multimedia data is substantially different than configurations designed for portable stand-alone operation. The requirements to reduce the weight and energy consumption are the same, but the availability of the wireless link, which is needed for the information access, allows utilization of remote resources. A limiting case is when the only computation that is provided in the portable terminal supports the wireless links or the I/O interfaces, and it is this extreme position that is explored in the InfoPad terminal design. The architecture of the InfoPad terminal, therefore, can be viewed as essentially a switch which connects multimedia data sources in the supporting wired network to appropriate InfoPad output devices (e.g., video display), and connects InfoPad input devices to remote processing (e.g., speech recognizer server) in the backbone network.
An Approach to Eliminating High-Frequency Shaft Voltage and Ground Leakage Current From an Inverter-Driven Motor (2004)

This paper proposes a small-sized passive electromagnetic interference (EMI) filter for the purpose of eliminating high-frequency shaft voltage and ground leakage current from an ac motor driven by a voltage-source pulsewidth-modulation inverter. The filter requires access to the neutral point of the motor. A common-mode inductor is connected between the inverter and the motor. The neutral point of the motor is connected to the dc-bus midpoint via a resistor. The dc-bus midpoint is created by using two capacitors in series across the dc positive and negative buses. This unique circuit configuration makes the common-mode inductor effective in reducing the common-mode voltage appearing at the motor terminals. The validity and effectiveness of the EMI filter is verified by experimental results obtained from a 5-kVA laboratory system.
Electrophysiologic Effects of SB-237376: A New Antiarrhythmic Compound with Dual Potassium and Calcium Channel Blocking Action (2003)

Combined potassium and calcium channel blocking activities are suggested to be the basis for antiarrhythmic efficacy with low proarrhythmic risk. The electrophysiologic effects of SB-237376 were investigated in single myocytes and arterially perfused wedge preparations of canine or rabbit left ventricles. The concentration-dependent prolongation of action potential duration (APD) and QT interval by SB-237376 was bell-shaped and the maximum response occurred at 1-3 microM SB-237376 inhibited rapidly activating delayed rectifier K current (I(Kr) ) with an IC50 of 0.42 microM and use-dependently blocked L-type Ca current (I (Ca,L) ) at high concentrations. The SB-237376 (3 microM) induced phase-2 early afterdepolarizations (EADs) in five of six rabbit wedge preparations but none of six canine wedge preparations. This is probably due to larger increases of APD, QT interval, and transmural dispersion of repolarization (TDR) in rabbits than dogs. Based on the drug effects on QT interval, TDR, and EAD in rabbit ventricular wedge preparations, a scoring system predicted lower proarrhythmic risk for SB-237376 than for dl-sotalol, a specific I blocker. In conclusion, SB-237376 increases APD, QT interval, and TDR mainly by I (Kr) inhibition. These effects are self-limited due to SB-237376-induced I(Ca,L) blockade at high concentrations, which may explain its lower proarrhythmic risk than dl-sotalol.
Enterobacter gergoviae sp. nov.: a New Species of Enterobacteriaceae Found in Clinical Specimens and the Environment (1980)

The name Enterobacter gergoviae sp. nov. is proposed for a group of organisms isolated from various clinical sources in France, Africa, and the United States and from environmental sources. E. gergoviae deoxyribonucleic acid contains 60% guanine plus cytosine. Deoxyribonucleic acid relatedness studies showed E. gergoviae strains to be very highly related, as is characteristic of strains of a single species. The biochemical profiles of E. gergoviae strains were extremely similar. Phenotypically, E. gergoviae belongs to the family Enterobacteriaceae and is most similar to Enterobacter aerogenes. E. gergoviae is distinguishable from E. aerogenes by its positive urea reaction and negative reactions for KCN, sorbitol, mucate, and gelatinase. Strain CIP 76.01 (= ATCC 33028 = CDC 604-77) is the type strain of this new species.
Visualization of supercoiled DNA with atomic force microscopy  <i>in situ</i> (1997)

Tertiary structure of supercoiled DNA is a significant factor in a number of genetic functions and is apparently affected by environmental conditions. We applied atomic force microscopy (AFM) for imaging the supercoiled DNA deposited at different ionic conditions. We have employed a technique for the sample preparation that permits high-resolution AFM imaging of DNA bound to the surface in buffer solutions without drying the sample (AFM in situ). The AFM data show that at low ionic strength, DNA molecules are loosely interwound supercoils with an irregular shape. Plectonemic superhelices are formed in high-concentration, near-physiological salt solutions. At such ionic conditions, superhelical loops are typically separated by regions of close helix-helix contacts. The data obtained show directly and unambiguously that overall geometry of supercoiled DNA depends dramatically on ionic conditions. This fact and the formation of close contacts between DNA helices are important features of supercoiled DNA related to its biological functions.
A machine learning approach to detection of JavaScript-based attacks using AST features and paragraph vectors (2019)

Websites attract millions of visitors due to the convenience of services they offer, which provide for interesting targets for cyber attackers. Most of these websites use JavaScript (JS) to create dynamic content. The exploitation of vulnerabilities in servers, plugins, and other third-party systems enables the insertion of malicious codes into websites. These exploits use methods such as drive-by-downloads, pop up ads, and phishing attacks on news, porn, piracy, torrent or free software websites, among others. Many of the recent cyber-attacks exploit JS vulnerabilities, in some cases employing obfuscation to hide their maliciousness and evade detection. It is, therefore, primal to develop an accurate detection system for malicious JS to protect users from such attacks. This study adopts Abstract Syntax Tree (AST) for code structure representation and a machine learning approach to conduct feature learning called Doc2vec to address this issue. Doc2vec is a neural network model that can learn context information of texts with variable length. This model is a well-suited feature learning method for JS codes, which consist of text content ranging among single line sentences, paragraphs, and full-length documents. Besides, features learned with Doc2Vec are of low dimensions which ensure faster detections. A classifier model judges the maliciousness of a JS code using the learned features. The performance of this approach is evaluated using the D3M dataset (Drive-by-Download Data by Marionette) for malicious JS codes and the JSUNPACK plus Alexa top 100 websites datasets for benign JS codes. We then compare the performance of Doc2Vec on plain JS codes (Plain-JS) and AST form of JS codes (AST-JS) to other feature learning methods. Our experimental results show that the proposed AST features and Doc2Vec for feature learning provide better accuracy and fast classification in malicious JS codes detection compared to conventional approaches and can flag malicious JS codes previously identified as hard-to-detect.
Power control, adaptive modulation and subchannel allocation for multiuser downlink OFDM (2005)

A scheme to control transmission power, allocate subcarriers, and choose modulation schemes for each mobile terminal (MT) in a multiuser downlink OFDM system is investigated in this work. This proposed scheme attempts to make OFDM systems more flexible and robust to channel variations. The problem is decomposed into two stages. In the first stage, the min-max criterion is used to control the transmission power among different MTs in different allocated subchannels. Then, in the second stage, we choose modulation schemes for allocated subchannels of each MT with an objective to maximize the total transmission rate while satisfying the performance requirement of each MT. Simulations are conducted to demonstrate the performance of the proposed scheme under a varying number of MTs and a range of symbol error rates (SERs).
Polyol Pathway in Human Epididymis and Semen (2006)

Two enzymes are involved in the polyol pathway: an aldose reductase that reduces glucose in sorbitol followed by its oxidation in fructose by sorbitol dehydrogenase. It has been previously shown that both enzymes are presented in the bovine epididymis, where they are associated with membranous vesicles called epididymosomes. Based on the distribution of these enzymes, it has been hypothesized that the polyol pathway can modulate sperm motility during the epididymal transit. In the present study, polyol pathway was investigated in semen and along the epididymis in humans in order to determine if sperm maturation can be associated with this sugar pathway. Western blot analysis shows that both aldose reductase and sorbitol dehydrogenase are associated with ejaculated spermatozoa and prostasomes in humans. These enzymes are also associated with epididymosomes collected during surgical vasectomy reversal. Western blot, Northern blot, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis show that aldose reductase and sorbitol dehydrogenase are expressed at the transcriptional and translational levels along the human epididymis. Unlike what occurs in the bovine model, distribution of these enzymes is rather uniform along the human excurrent duct. Immunohistological studies together with Western blot analysis performed on epididymosomes preparations indicate that the polyol pathway enzymes are secreted by the epididymal epithelium. These results indicate that the polyol pathway plays a role in human sperm physiology.
Characterization of SPAK and OSR1, Regulatory Kinases of the Na-K-2Cl Cotransporter (2005)

Our recent studies demonstrate that SPAK (Ste20p-related Proline Alanine-rich Kinase), in combination with WNK4 [With No lysine (K) kinase], phosphorylates and stimulates the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter (NKCC1), whereas catalytically inactive SPAK (K104R) fails to activate the cotransporter. The catalytic domain of SPAK contains an activation loop between the well-conserved DFG and APE motifs. We speculated that four threonine residues (T231, T236, T243, and T247) in the activation loop might be sites of phosphorylation and kinase activation; therefore, we mutated each residue into an alanine. In this report, we demonstrate that coexpression of SPAK (T243A) or SPAK (T247A) with WNK4 not only prevented, but robustly inhibited, cotransporter activity in NKCC1-injected Xenopus laevis oocytes. These activation loop mutations produced an effect similar to that of the SPAK (K104R) mutant. In vitro phosphorylation experiments demonstrate that both intramolecular autophosphorylation of SPAK and phosphorylation of NKCC1 are significantly stronger in the presence of Mn2+ rather than Mg2+. We also show that SPAK activity is markedly inhibited by staurosporine and K252a, partially inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide and diamide, and unaffected by arsenite. OSR1, a kinase closely related to SPAK, exhibited similar kinase properties and similar functional activation of NKCC1 when coexpressed with WNK4.
A Water-Soluble Azobenzene Cross-Linker for Photocontrol of Peptide Conformation (2003)

We have designed and synthesized a water-soluble, sulfonated version of an azobenzene-based thiol-reactive cross-linker that can be introduced into peptides and proteins and act as a conformational photoswitch. The sulfonated compound is shown to effect a similar degree of conformational control on a model peptide helix system, as its nonsulfonated counterpart but can be introduced without the need for any organic cosolvent. The sulfonated azobenzene cross-linker thus expands the range of proteins to which photocontrol can be applied.
Practical Use of Juv??derm: Early Experience (2007)

Juvéderm Ultra and Juvéderm Ultra Plus are new-generation hyaluronic acid fillers used to treat superficial lines and deeper folds, respectively. They require administration by gentle, gradual, and precise injection.
Generating Functional Mockup Units from Software Specifications (2012)

This paper presents an approach to use the Functional Mockup Interface (FMI) for integration of classical controller specifications and statechartbased specifications of real-time critical message exchange protocols. The Functional Mockup Unit (FMU) is automatically generated from the specification. Using the generated FMU we are able to exploit simulation facilities as provided by Modelica/Dymola.
Privacy in an identity-based DRM system (2004)

The present paper addresses privacy issues in electronic audio/video content distribution. It introduces an identity-based rights distribution and management system that enables users to access content anytime, anywhere, and on any device by means of authorization certificates issued by a content provider. These certificates openly link the identity of the users to the content that they are entitled to access. This fact, together with the availability of the certificates everywhere in the network, raises user privacy issues. A solution is proposed which deals with these issues and still allows the device to securely check the user's entitlement to the content.
Iridium−Monodentate Phosphoramidite-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Substituted Benzophenone N−H Imines (2010)

Homogeneous asymmetric hydrogenation of unprotected benzophenone N-H imines 1a-r using Ir-(S)-N-benzyl-N-methyl-MonoPhos as a catalyst provides chiral amines 2a-r in 80-96% yield with enantioselectivities up to 98% ee (18 examples) for ortho-substituted substrates.
Mapping Networks of Terrorist Cells (2001)

This paper looks at the difficulty in mapping covert networks. Analyzing networks after an event is fairly easy for prosecution purposes. Mapping covert networks to prevent criminal activity is muchmore difficult. Weexamine the network surrounding the tragic events of September 11th, 2001. Through public data we are able to map a portion of the network centered around the 19 dead hijackers. This map gives us some insight into the terrorist organization, yet it is incomplete. Suggestions for further work and research are offered
Artificial juxtacrine stimulation for tissue engineering (1998)

To endow biomaterials with the ability to regulate cell functions such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, growth factor proteins were covalently immobilized. The proteins were immobilized on various matrices using different chemical methods. It was shown that insulin and epidermal growth factor stimulated cellular functions even after immobilization. Pattern-immobilization of growth factor proteins clearly demonstrated the stimulation by immobilized proteins. In other words, this type of stimulation by non-diffusional growth factors enabled us to regulate tissue formation with artificial biomaterials. The stimulation was enhanced by coimmobilization with adhesion factors. These stimulations due to the immobilized growth factors may mimic juxtacrine stimulation of membrane-anchored growth factors such as heparin-binding epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor-alpha, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha.
New Assembly Drills Without Reactive Torque (2007)

Abstract A new tool has been designed, built, and tested that virtually eliminates the reactive torque normally produced from drilling directionally with a motor. The elimination of reactive torque while drilling directionally with a motor marks a significant improvement over current motor drilling. Using this new technology, known as the "Planetary Bit Driver," the tool face can be quickly and easily set in the desired direction and drilling can continue in that direction regardless of drilling parameters, drilling conditions, or lithology. Benefits of drilling without reactive torque include: It is quick and easy to set the tool face in the desired direction.No time is wasted waiting on tool face updates after the direction is set.No time is wasted resetting the tool face after motor stalls, changing azimuth, making a connection, etc.Smaller, reliable, and consistent dog-leg severities can be achieved.High torque motors can be utilized.Aggressive PDC bits on motors can be utilized.Fewer trips for more aggressive bits are needed after directional work is completed.More tortuous well paths can be drilled.Pilot/Reamer drilling performance.Higher ROP result from all the above. Reactive torque is eliminated in the Planetary Bit Driver by utilizing two, concentric, counter-rotating bits, instead of a single right-turning bit on a conventional motor-powered directional drilling assembly. The counter-rotation is accomplished by the use of a set of planetary gears. Splines on the drive shaft on the motor turn the planetary gears, which mesh with a ring gear to produce counter-rotation to the outer bit. The Planetary Bit Driver is made up to a standard motor at the bit box and is anchored to the motor housing at the stabilizer sleeve threaded connection. A standard fixed-cutter bit is used for the center, clockwise rotating bit. The outer bit is a specially-designed, counter-clockwise rotating bit with PDC cutters built to match the inner bit. The inner bit drills a smaller diameter (6.75" in this test case), and the outer bit drills the remainder of the hole (6.75" – 8.75" in this test case). In a preliminary test performed at a test rig in Houston, Texas, cement was drilled out of 9-5/8" casing. This test confirmed that the Planetary Bit Driver will effectively drill and that virtually no reactive torque is produced while drilling. Data recorded during the test and presented in this paper shows that the Planetary Bit Driver did not produce significant reactive torque and operated much more smoothly than a conventional bit with less stick/slip. A design flaw in the carrier of the tool's first prototype resulted in only two of the six planetary gears fitting in the carrier, which caused a premature failure of the planetary gear assembly after drilling twelve (12) feet. The Planetary Bit Driver has been subsequently redesigned and manufactured with the proper six gear configuration, larger and more robust gear shafts, and PDC cutters for drilling rock formations. The second prototype of the Planetary Bit Driver is now complete, and we are preparing for a second test.
Resolving rightful ownerships with invisible watermarking techniques: limitations, attacks, and implications (1998)

Digital watermarks have been proposed as a means for copyright protection of multimedia data. We address the capability of invisible watermarking schemes to resolve copyright ownership. We show that, in certain applications, rightful ownership cannot be resolved by current watermarking schemes alone. Specifically, we attack existing techniques by providing counterfeit watermarking schemes that can be performed on a watermarked image to allow multiple claims of rightful ownership. In the absence of standardization and specific requirements imposed on watermarking procedures, anyone can claim ownership of any watermarked image. In order to protect against the counterfeiting techniques that we develop, we examine the properties necessary for resolving ownership via invisible watermarking. We introduce and study invertibility and quasi-invertibility of invisible watermarking techniques. We propose noninvertible watermarking schemes, and subsequently give examples of techniques that we believe to be nonquasi-invertible and hence invulnerable against more sophisticated attacks proposed in the paper. The attacks and results presented in the paper, and the remedies proposed, further imply that we have to carefully reevaluate the current approaches and techniques in invisible watermarking of digital images based on application domains, and rethink the promises, applications and implications of such digital means of copyright protection.