gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modeling of a mid-IR chalcogenide fiber Raman laser (2003)

A computer model using a finite element technique was written to model the behavior of a chalcogenide fiber Raman laser. The model demonstrates the feasibility of a middle infrared fiber Raman laser pumped at 5.59-microm by a carbon monoxide laser and operating at a wavelength of 6.46-microm. This wavelength may be of interest in surgical applications since it corresponds to the amide II absorption. Calculations show slope efficiencies can approach 80% with moderate threshold powers.
Characterization of the Response of Bone Marrow-Derived Progenitor Cells to Cyclic Strain: Implications for Vascular Tissue-Engineering Applications (2004)

One of the major failings in vascular tissue engineering is the limited capacity of autologous differentiated cells to reconstitute tissues. A logical solution is to use multipotent progenitor cells, which in vascular treatments have been underutilized. Although biochemical stimulation has been explored to differentiate bone marrow-derived progenitor cells (BMPCs) to smooth muscle cells (SMCs), the use of biomechanical forces in differentiation remains unexplored. The purpose of this work was to explore the effects of cyclic strain alone on BMPC morphology, proliferation, and differentiation. BMPCs were isolated from rat bone marrow and, after 7 days in culture, the cells grew in distinct multilayered colonies. BMPCs were stimulated with 10% strain at 1 Hz for 7 days. Observations showed that cyclic strain inhibited proliferation (p < 0.05) and caused alignment of the cells (p < 0.05) and of the F-actin cytoskeleton perpendicular to the direction of strain. In addition, cyclic strain resulted in expression by the cells of vascular smooth muscle alpha-actin and h1-calponin. This work demonstrates the potential of physiologic biomechanical stimulation in the differentiation of BMPCs to SMCs, and this could have important implications for vascular tissue engineering and other therapies in which cell sourcing is a major concern.
Protein tyrosine kinases: Structure, substrate specificity, and drug discovery (1998)

Protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) play a crucial role in many cell regulatory processes. It is therefore not surprising to see that functional perturbation of PTKs results in many diseases. Despite the diverse primary structure organization of various PTKs, the catalytic or kinase domains of various PTKs as well as that of Ser/Thr kinases are generally conserved. The high resolution crystal structure of a few PTKs has been solved in the last few years. In contrast to the well-defined linear peptide substrate motifs recognized by specific Ser/Thr kinases, the identification of specific substrate motifs for PTK has been slow. It is not until recently that through the use of combinatorial peptide library methods that specific recognition motifs for specific PTKs have begun to emerge. Efficient and specific peptide substrates for some PTKs with Km at the mid microM range have been identified. Based on these peptide substrates, relatively potent (IC50 at the low microM range) and highly selective pseudosubstrate-based peptide inhibitors have been developed. There has been enormous effort in the development of PTK inhibitors for diseases such as cancer, psoriasis, and osteoporosis. Several new high-throughput PTK assay technologies have recently been described. Small molecules against specific PTK have been developed. Most of them are competitive inhibitors at the ATP binding site. Some of these inhibitors have already been in clinical trial.
X-band tropospheric transhorizon propagation under differing meteorological conditions (1989)

As part of a European project to assess the level of cochannel interference due to microwave propagation beyond line-of-sight, Portsmouth Polytechnic, supported by the Centre National d'Etudes des Telecommunications (CNET) and the Rutherford-Appleton Laboratories (RAL) have set up a network of X-band transhorizon links across the English Channel. The paper presents a method of modelling the received median level due to turbulent scatter under different meteorological conditions, and the predictions based on that method are compared with observations made from the short link number 2 between Portsmouth, UK and Cap d'Antifer, France, which has a path length of 155 km. The anomalous propagation conditions are investigated and correlated with the different meteorological conditions observed.<
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Facile Synthesis of Annelated NADH Model Precursors (1987)

A convenient route to γ-cyano fused pyridine derivatives, which are precursors of NADH models, is described. The method involves the reaction of 3,3-dimethoxy-2-formyl-propionitrile sodium salt (1) with amino derivatives of electron donating heterocycles leading to the desired products by an easy one-pot synthesis.
α‐Lipoic acid modulates gut inflammation induced by trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid in rats (2006)

ALA is beneficial in TNBS-induced gut inflammation in rats via suppression of neutrophil accumulation, preservation of endogenous glutathione and inhibition of reactive oxidant generation.
Modulation of Thermal Induction of hsp70 Expression by Ku Autoantigen or Its Individual Subunits (1996)

Previously, we proposed a dual control mechanism for the regulation of the heat shock response in mammalian cells: a positive control mediated by the heat shock transcription factor HSF1 and a negative control mediated by the constitutive heat shock element-binding factor (CHBF). To study the physiological role of CHBF in the regulation of heat shock response, we purified CHBF to apparent homogeneity and showed it to be identical to the Ku autoantigen, a heterodimer consisting of 70-kDa (Ku-70) and 86-kDa (Ku-80) polypeptides. To study further the functional significance of Ku/CHBF in the cellular response to heat shock, we established rodent cell lines that stably and constitutively overexpressed one or both subunits of the human Ku protein, and examined the thermal induction of hsp70 and other heat shock proteins in these Ku-overexpressing ing cells. We show that expression of the human Ku-70 and Ku-80 subunits jointly or of the Ku-70 subunit alone specifically inhibits heat-induced hsp70 expression. Conversely, expression of human Ku-80 alone does not have this effect. Thermal induction of other heat shock proteins in all of the Ku-overexpressing cell lines appears not to be significantly affected, nor is the state of phosphorylation or the DNA-binding ability of HSF1 affected. These findings support a model in which hsp70 expression is controlled by a second regulatory factor in addition to the positive activation of HSF1. The Ku protein, specifically the Ku-70 subunit, is involved in the regulation of hsp70 gene expression.
A guide to super-resolution fluorescence microscopy (2010)

For centuries, cell biology has been based on light microscopy and at the same time been limited by its optical resolution. However, several new technologies have been developed recently that bypass this limit. These new super-resolution technologies are either based on tailored illumination, nonlinear fluorophore responses, or the precise localization of single molecules. Overall, these new approaches have created unprecedented new possibilities to investigate the structure and function of cells.
Coating of porous silica beads by <i>in situ</i> polymerization/crosslinking of 2‐hydroxypropyl β‐cyclodextrin for reversed‐phase high performance liquid chromatography applications (2003)

Abstract Porous silica beads were coated with a crosslinked β‐cyclodextrin polymer by in situ polymerization/crosslinking of 2‐hydroxypropyl β‐cyclodextrin with 1,6‐hexamethylenediisocyanate in anhydrous dimethylsulfoxide. This method was developed for the preparation of reversed‐phase high performance liquid chromatography stationary phases. The mass of polymer immobilized onto the silica surface was controlled by the amount of coupling agent, 1,6‐hexamethylenediisocyanate, added during the coating process. The influence of the polymer coating on the physical features of the beads was investigated by means of nitrogen adsorption/desorption methods, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersion X‐ray analysis. The column lifetime was found to be primarily dependent on the extent of crosslinking of the stationary phase. Moreover, it was demonstrated that the synthesis of highly crosslinked stationary phases with a reasonable column lifetime gave rise to a phase separation of the β‐cyclodextrin polymer. To prove their usefulness as reversed‐phase packing materials, they were used to separate mixtures of nitrophenol positional isomers, four pesticides, and drugs. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 1419–1426, 2004
Nucleotide sequence of 5' portion of<i>srfA</i>that contains the region required for competence establishment in<i>Bacillus subtilus</i> (1993)

The nucleotide sequence of the 20,535 base pairs of the 5' end of the srfA operon, containing the region required for competence development, was determined. This included the srfA promoter region, the first open reading frame, srfAA, encoding surfactin synthetase I and part of the second open reading frame, srfAB, encoding surfactin synthetase II. Three amino acid-activating domains characteristic of those found in peptide synthetases could be discerned in both srfAA (activating Glu, Leu and D-Leu) and srfAB (activating Val, Asp, and D-Leu). The presence of a conserved spacer motif in the amino-terminal end of srfAA suggests that the srfAA product may not initiate surfactin synthesis. The portion of srfA that contains the region required for competence is composed of srfAA and the first amino acid-activating domain of srfAB.
Pyrethroid-Degrading Microorganisms and Their Potential for the Bioremediation of Contaminated Soils: A Review (2016)

Pyrethroid insecticides have been used to control pests in agriculture, forestry, horticulture, public health and for indoor home use for more than 20 years. Because pyrethroids were considered to be a safer alternative to organophosphate pesticides (OPs), their applications significantly increased when the use of OPs was banned or limited. Although, pyrethroids have agricultural benefits, their widespread and continuous use is a major problem as they pollute the terrestrial and aquatic environments and affect non-target organisms. Since pyrethroids are not degraded immediately after application and because their residues are detected in soils, there is an urgent need to remediate pyrethroid-polluted environments. Various remediation technologies have been developed for this purpose; however, bioremediation, which involves bioaugmentation and/or biostimulation and is a cost-effective and eco-friendly approach, has emerged as the most advantageous method for cleaning-up pesticide-contaminated soils. This review presents an overview of the microorganisms that have been isolated from pyrethroid-polluted sites, characterized and applied for the degradation of pyrethroids in liquid and soil media. The paper is focused on the microbial degradation of the pyrethroids that have been most commonly used for many years such as allethrin, bifenthrin, cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, and permethrin. Special attention is given to the bacterial strains from the genera <i>Achromobacter, Acidomonas, Bacillus, Brevibacterium, Catellibacterium, Clostridium, Lysinibacillus, Micrococcus, Ochrobactrum, Pseudomonas, Serratia, Sphingobium, Streptomyces</i>, and the fungal strains from the genera <i>Aspergillus, Candida, Cladosporium</i>, and <i>Trichoderma</i>, which are characterized by their ability to degrade various pyrethroids. Moreover, the current knowledge on the degradation pathways of pyrethroids, the enzymes that are involved in the cleavage of pesticide molecules, the factors/conditions that influence the survival of strains that are introduced into soil and the rate of the removal of pyrethroids are also discussed. This knowledge may be useful to optimize the environmental conditions of bioremediation and may be crucial for the effective removal of pyrethroids from polluted soils.
Catechol releases iron(<scp>iii</scp>) from ferritin by direct chelation without iron(<scp>ii</scp>) production (2005)

It has been traditionally considered that catechols release iron from ferritin by reduction to iron(II), which diffuses through the ferritin channels into the intracellular milieu where it participates in the Fenton reaction, producing highly toxic hydroxyl radicals. However, in the present work we have proved that the mechanism of the release of iron from ferritin by catechol does not take place by iron(II) reduction but by direct iron(III) chelation and therefore without iron(II) production. A possible extension of these findings to other catechols is discussed on the basis of the stability with respect to the internal redox reaction of the iron(III)-catechol complexes.
<i>Leishmania</i> RNA Virus 1-Mediated Cap-Independent Translation (1995)

Recently, a group of related Leishmania RNA viruses (Leishmania RNA virus 1 [LRV1]) has been isolated from Leishmania guyanensis and L. brasiliensis. These viruses persist in the cytoplasm and contain double-stranded RNA genomes. Miniexon sequences are absent from the 5' end of the viral RNA, and the 5' end of the viral RNA lacks a cap structure, suggesting that LRV1 has evolved a cap-independent mechanism of translation. Cap-independent translation of picornavirus genomic RNA requires a cis element, within the 5' untranslated region (UTR), referred to as an internal ribosome entry site (IRES). In order to find out if the 5' UTR of LRV1 possessed IRES activity, we modified a Leishmania expression vector, pX63NEO-GUS, so that it would produce a dicistronic transcript in which the neomycin phosphotransferase gene was separated from the downstream beta-glucuronidase (GUS) gene by the LRV1 5' UTR. High levels of GUS activity were detected in L. major stably transformed with this plasmid. Elimination of the first 120 nucleotides of the viral 5' UTR lowered GUS activity 10-fold. Furthermore, when the entire 5' UTR was eliminated, GUS activity was undetectable. These results, together with the absence of trans-spliced GUS transcripts, are consistent with the hypothesis that the 5' UTR of LRV1 functions as an IRES element. The ability to couple expression of genes via an IRES element should prove useful in genetic experiments with Leishmania spp.
Dictionary of Communications Technology: Terms, Definitions and Abbreviations (1995)

The use of microprocessors, fibre optics and satellites has changed the structure of the telecommunications industry. Accompanying this rapid expansion are a wealth of new terms, definitions and abbreviations. This substantially revised and updated version of Gilbert Held's telecommunications dictionary will bring readers in line with the very latest developments. Compiled with the assistance of over 20 major companies, the book contains over 4500 new entries, giving a total of approximately 12,000 definitions. The author's comprehensive approach includes new terms in fibre optics, local area and international networking and the Internet. A significant amount of trademark information is also included.
Polarized electroluminescence from oriented <i>p</i>-sexiphenyl vacuum-deposited film (1995)

Oriented sexiphenyl (6P) film was prepared through epitaxial growth on rubbed substrates by vacuum deposition. Polarized absorption spectra demonstrated that the long axis of 6P molecule was highly oriented along the rubbing direction. Using the epitaxial growth film of 6P, we fabricated electroluminescent (EL) devices consisting of indium-tin-oxide anode, emissive layer of 6P, electron-transporting layer of an oxadiazole derivative, and MgAg alloy cathode. Owing to the orientation of 6P molecules, EL polarized in the rubbing direction was observed in the devices.
Chemical technology in printing and imaging systems (1993)

Future Trends in Printing, J. Birkenshaw Environmental Management of Processing Solutions, J. Langford Environmental Aspects of Solvent Use in Printing, A. McCormick General Aspects of Flexographic Plate Technology, J.W. Goodin Recent Developments in Negative Lithographic Plate Technology, M.J. Pratt A Review of Direct to Plate Systems in Lithographic Printing, P.J. Watkiss Dye Diffusion Thermal Transfer (D2T2) Printing, R.A. Hann Fountain Solutions, S. Dyster General Aspects of Organic Pigment Technology, P. Sayer Control of the Physical Character and Performance of Organic Pigments for Inks, R.B. McKay The Recycling Generation, S. Lilley Current Developments in UV Printing Inks, G. Webster Colourants for Electronic Printers, P. Gregory Recent Developments in Water-Based Inks, B. Hancock.
The product of the Klebsiella pneumoniae nifX gene is a negative regulator of the nitrogen fixation (nif) regulon (1990)

An insertional mutation was made in the nifX gene of Klebsiella pneumoniae. This mutation had little effect on the nitrogenase activity of the strain, as measured by acetylene reduction. However, on the addition of NH4+ or O2 (conditions which block nif protein synthesis by transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms), the NifX- mutant synthesized nitrogenase proteins longer and had more accumulated nifHDKTY mRNA than did the wild-type K. pneumoniae at all time points tested. Conversely, overexpression of the wild-type nifX region blocked nif protein synthesis, protein accumulation, and nifHDKTY mRNA accumulation. These complementary results indicate that a product of the nifX region has a role in the negative regulation of nif regulation in response to NH4+ and O2.
Change in Conduction Velocity due to Fiber Curvature in Cultured Neonatal Rat Ventricular Myocytes (2008)

Computer modeling of cardiac propagation suggests that curvature of muscle fibers modulates conduction velocity (CV). The effect could be involved in arrhythmogenesis by altering the dynamics of reentrant wavefronts or by causing propagation block. To verify the existence of this effect experimentally, we measured CV in anisotropic neonatal rat ventricular myocyte monolayers. The orientation of the cells was directed by scratches machined into plastic coverslips. Each substrate contained a region in which scratch radius of curvature varied from 0.25 to 1.0 cm. The CV anisotropy ratio (longitudinal CV/transverse CV in straight fiber regions) was 2.3 +/- 0.3 (n = 38). We initiated wavefronts transverse to fibers with the fibers either curving toward or away from the wavefronts. Action potentials were recorded using a potentiometric dye and a video camera. Propagation was faster (p = 0.0003) when fibers curved toward wavefronts than when fibers curved in the opposite direction. The mean CV difference was 0.38 +/- 0.44 cm/s (n = 24), which is 3.5% of nominal straight fiber transverse CV (11.0 +/- 3.2 cm/s). The effect was also present (p = 0.07) when pacing was slowed from 350 to 500 ms (n = 6). In a control group (n = 8) with uncurved fibers, CV was the same in both directions (p = NS). We conclude that fiber curvature is a factor in modulating cardiac propagation.
Inhibition of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-1butanone tumorigenicity in mouse lung by the synthetic organoselenium compound, 1,4-phenylenebis(methylene)selenocyanate (1993)

The chemopreventive effect of 5, 10 and 15 p.p.m. (as selenium) of 1,4-phenylenebis(methylene)selenocyanate (p-XSC) on lung tumor induction by the tobacco-specific 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) was examined in female A/J mice by administering p-XSC in the diet. Sodium selenite (5 p.p.m. selenium) was given in the same manner for comparison with p-XSC. Mice were fed experimental diets containing the selenium compounds 1 week before i.p. injection of 10 mumol NNK in 0.1 ml saline and throughout the experiment until termination, 16 weeks after carcinogen administration. Body weights of the mice in the different dietary groups did not differ significantly. p-XSC significantly inhibited lung tumor multiplicity from 7.6 tumors per mouse in the control group to 4.1, 3.3 and 1.8 tumors per mouse in animals given 5, 10 and 15 p.p.m. of selenium respectively. In contrast, 5 p.p.m. sodium selenite had no protective effect against lung tumor induction. The results of this study clearly indicate that the structure of selenium-containing compounds is important in determining their efficacy as chemopreventive agents.
Endothelial cell damage in human and rabbit corneas stored in K-Sol without antioxidants. (1989)

Human and rabbit corneas were stored at 4 degrees C in K-Sol with and without antioxidants (ascorbic acid, reduced glutathione, alpha-tocopherol, and retinol acetate) for two to three weeks. All the corneas were then examined visually and by scanning electron microscopy. They appeared clear and slightly oedematous. Scanning electron micrographs were used to grade corneal endothelial cell morphology in a masked manner in terms of cell shape, cell borders, cell swelling, and apical holes. Corneas stored in K-Sol without antioxidants showed changes in cell shape, cell borders, and apical holes. Human corneas showed more morphological changes than rabbit corneas. The results suggest that antioxidants in K-Sol have an important role in the preservation of endothelial cell morphology.
A soluble form of the human Fc receptor Fc gamma RIIA: cloning, transcript analysis and detection. (1993)

The Fc gamma receptors (Fc gamma R) are glycoproteins that bind the Fc region of immunoglobulin G. Human hematopoietic cells express three biochemically distinct classes of Fc gamma receptors: Fc gamma RI (CD64), Fc gamma RII (CD32) and Fc gamma RIII (CD16). Complementary DNA (cDNA) clones for each of the human Fc gamma receptors have been isolated from myeloid and lymphoid cells. We describe the isolation and characterization of four Fc gamma RII clones from a cDNA library obtained from a megakaryocyte-like cell line, human erythroleukemia (HEL). Three clones encode the Fc gamma RIIA transmembrane (TM) form, while one novel clone lacks the TM region but retains the cytoplasmic domain. By conducting reverse transcription coupled to polymerase chain reaction (PCR), we found transcripts coding for this unique form of receptor in RNA from platelets, HEL cells and a second megakaryocyte-like cell line, CHRF-288-11. These results were confirmed by RNase protection analysis of RNA from HEL cells. The structure of the novel cDNA suggested that it codes for a soluble form of Fc gamma RIIA. A soluble Fc gamma RII protein was detected in the conditioned medium from HEL cells but not from the Fc gamma RII-negative T cell line, Jurkat, by immunoprecipitation with the anti-Fc gamma RII monoclonal antibody (mAb), IV.3. The immunoprecipitated protein was of the expected size for a soluble Fc gamma RII lacking the TM region but retaining the cytoplasmic domain. Soluble Fc gamma RIIA may be important in modulating the interaction between immune complexes and membrane-associated Fc gamma RII.