gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ranking the parameters of deep neural networks using the fisher information (2016)

The large number of parameters in deep neural networks (DNNs) often makes them prohibitive for low-power devices, such as field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA). In this paper, we propose a method to determine the relative importance of all network parameters by measuring the amount of information that the network output carries about each of the parameters - the Fisher Information. Based on the importance ranking, we design a complexity reduction scheme that discards unimportant parameters and assigns more quantization bits to more important parameters. For evaluation, we construct a deep autoencoder and learn a non-linear dimensionality reduction scheme for accelerometer data measuring the gait of individuals with Parkinson's disease. Experimental results confirm that the proposed ranking method can help reduce the complexity of the network with minimal impact on performance.
Complete sequence analysis of cDNA clones encoding rat whey phosphoprotein: homology to a protease inhibitor. (1982)

Lactoprotein clones have been isolated from a rat mammary gland recombinant library of cDNA plasmids. Clones p-Wp 52 and p-Wp 47 were shown by hybrid selection, in vitro translation, and immunoprecipitation to represent a cloned DNA sequence encoding rat whey phosphoprotein. We report here the nucleotide sequence of the cDNA insert of p-Wp 52 and shows that it encodes the complete whey phosphoprotein sequence. The encoded sequence shows a high content of half-cystine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and serine but an absence of tyrosine. The half-cystines appear in unique arrangements and are repeated in two domains of the protein. The second domain has striking similarities with the second domain of the red sea turtle protease inhibitor. Clone p-Wp 52 has allowed the study of expression of whey phosphoprotein mRNA during functional differentiation of rat mammary gland and in mammary tumors. The whey phosphoprotein mRNA is detected during midpregnancy and lactation in the rat mammary gland but is barely detected in mammary tumors in which other milk protein mRNAs are expressed. The whey phosphoprotein gene in these tumors is hypermethylated, correlating with the reduced expression of this gene.
Synthesis of Polyfunctional Allenes by Successive Copper‐Mediated Substitutions (2011)

Readily available 1,1-dichloro-2-alkynes are versatile starting materials for the synthesis of polyfunctionalized allenes. They can be prepared from commercially available terminal alkynes in a two-step procedure. The Cu-mediated reaction of several 1,1-propargylic derivatives with functionalized alkyl, benzylic, or allylic zinc reagents proceeds exclusively with S(N)2' selectivity and allows a rapid and efficient synthesis of functionalized chloroallenes. These chloroallenes undergo a novel Cu(I) -catalyzed substitution reaction with functionalized arylmagnesium reagents with excellent S(N)2 selectivity to give trisubstituted polyfunctionalized allenes. The functional group tolerance is excellent and functionalities, such as cyano, keto, ester, phosphate, trifluoromethyl, and halogens, are well tolerated.
A spreadsheet interface for logic programming (1989)

We present PERPLEX, a programming environment intended for the end-user. In its design, the concepts of logic programming and spreadsheets are combined. Thus, on the one hand, logic programming becomes an interactive, incremental task where the user gets direct visual feedback, on the other hand, functionality and scope of a conventional spreadsheet program are considerably extended. In order to perform calculations and queries, constraints are imposed on the contents of the spreadsheet cells. New predicates can be defined using a programming-by-example technique: Rules are extracted from the user's solutions for example problems. Thus, concrete intermediate results take over the role of abstract logic variables in the programming process. PERPLEX has been successfully implemented on a Symbolics Lisp Machine.
Perturbation of the Sierpinski antenna to allocateoperating bands (1996)

A scheme for modifying the spacing between the bands of the Sierpinski antenna is introduced. Experimental results of two novel designs of fractal antennas suggest that the fractal structure can be perturbed to enable the log-period to be changed while still maintaining the multiband behaviour of the antenna.
Methylene Blue has a potent antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 in the absence of UV-activation in vitro (2020)

ABSTRACT Methylene blue is an FDA and EMA approved drug with an excellent safety profile. It displays broad-spectrum virucidal activity in the presence of UV light and has been shown to be effective in inactivating various viruses in blood products prior to transfusions. In addition, its use has been validated for methemoglobinemia and malaria treatment. Here we show the virucidal activity of methylene blue at low micromolar concentrations and in the absence of UV activation against SARS-CoV2.
Observation of millimeter-wave oscillations from resonant tunneling diodes and some theoretical considerations of ultimate frequency limits (1987)

Recent observations of oscillation frequencies up to 56 GHz in resonant tunneling structures are discussed in relation to calculations by several authors of the ultimate frequency limits of these devices. We find that calculations relying on the Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin (WKB) approximation give limits well below the observed oscillation frequencies. Two other techniques for calculating the upper frequency limit were found to give more reasonable results. In one method we use the solution of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation obtained by Kundrotas and Dargys [Phys. Status Solidi B 134, 267 (1986)], while in the other we use the energy width of the transmission function for electrons through the double-barrier structure. This last technique is believed to be the most accurate since it is based on general results for the lifetime of any resonant state. It gives frequency limits on the order of 1 THz for two recently fabricated structures. It appears that the primary limitation of the oscillation frequency for double-barrier resonant tunneling diodes will be imposed by intrinsic device circuit parameters and by the transit time of the depletion layer rather than by time delays encountered in the double-barrier region.
Premedication effect of dexmedetomidine and alfentanil on seizure time, recovery duration, and hemodynamic responses in electroconvulsive therapy (2016)

Given the equal effects of alfentanil and dexmedetomidine, it seems that choosing one of these two drugs for premedication of patients undergoing ECT is appropriate. Drug choice is influenced by numerous factors such as accessibility of each drug and the dominance of anesthesiologist and psychiatrist.
A performance model and file system space allocation scheme for SSDs (2010)

Solid State Drives (SSDs) are now becoming a part of main stream computers. Even though disk scheduling algorithms and file systems of today have been optimized to exploit the characteristics of hard drives, relatively little attention has been paid to model and exploit the characteristics of SSDs. In this paper, we consider the use of SSDs from the file system standpoint. To do so, we derive a performance model for the SSDs. Based on this model, we devise a file system space allocation scheme, which we call Greedy-Space, for block or hybrid mapping SSDs. From the Postmark benchmark results, we observe substantial performance improvements when employing the Greedy-Space scheme in ext3 and Reiser file systems running on three SSDs available in the market.
A Real Time Simulation Model of Glucose-Insulin Metabolism for Type 1 Diabetes Patients (2005)

In this paper, a simulation model of glucose-insulin metabolism for Type 1 diabetes patients is presented. The proposed system is based on the combination of Compartmental Models (CMs) and artificial Neural Networks (NNs). This model aims at the development of an accurate system, in order to assist Type 1 diabetes patients to handle their blood glucose profile and recognize dangerous metabolic states. Data from a Type 1 diabetes patient, stored in a database, have been used as input to the hybrid system. The data contain information about measured blood glucose levels, insulin intake, and description of food intake, along with the corresponding time. The data are passed to three separate CMs, which produce estimations about (i) the effect of Short Acting (SA) insulin intake on blood insulin concentration, (ii) the effect of Intermediate Acting (IA) insulin intake on blood insulin concentration, and (iii) the effect of carbohydrate intake on blood glucose absorption from the gut. The outputs of the three CMs are passed to a Recurrent NN (RNN) in order to predict subsequent blood glucose levels. The RNN is trained with the Real Time Recurrent Learning (RTRL) algorithm. The resulted blood glucose predictions are promising for the use of the proposed model for blood glucose level estimation for Type 1 diabetes patients.
Bioactive Components in Caseins, Caseinates, and Cheeses (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Casein and its Industrial Production Production of Bioactive Peptides from Casein Bioactive Components in Cheeses References
Trans-dominant inhibition of integrin function. (1996)

Occupancy of integrin adhesion receptors can alter the functions of other integrins and cause partition of the ligand-occupied integrin into focal adhesions. Ligand binding also changes the conformation of integrin extracellular domains. To explore the relationship between ligand-induced conformational change and integrin signaling, we examined the effect of ligands specific for integrin alpha IIb beta 3 on the functions of target integrins alpha 5 beta 1 and alpha 2 beta 1. We report that binding of integrin-specific ligands to a suppressive integrin can inhibit the function of other target integrins (trans-dominant inhibition). Trans-dominant inhibition is due to a blockade of integrin signaling. Furthermore, this inhibition involves both a conformational change in the extracellular domain and the presence of the beta cytoplasmic tail in the suppressive integrin. Similarly, ligand-induced recruitment of alpha IIb beta 3 to focal adhesions also involves a conformational rearrangement of its extracellular domain. These findings imply that the ligand-induced conformational changes can propagate from an integrin's extracellular to its intracellular face. Trans-dominant inhibition by integrin ligands may coordinate integrin signaling and can lead to unexpected biological effects of integrin-specific inhibitors.
Epidemic Threshold in Structured Scale-Free Networks (2002)

We analyze the spreading of viruses in scale-free networks with high clustering and degree correlations, as found in the Internet graph. For the susceptible-infected-susceptible model of epidemics the prevalence undergoes a phase transition at a finite threshold of the transmission probability. Comparing with the absence of a finite threshold in networks with purely random wiring, our result suggests that high clustering (modularity) and degree correlations protect scale-free networks against the spreading of viruses. We introduce and verify a quantitative description of the epidemic threshold based on the connectivity of the neighborhoods of the hubs.
Epidemiology of Physician-Diagnosed Allergic Rhinitis in Childhood (1994)

Allergic rhinitis developing in the first years of life is an early manifestation of an atopic predisposition, which may be triggered by early environmental mental exposures.
Microrobot system for automatic nanohandling inside a scanning electron microscope (2006)

Current research work on the development of an automated nanohandling cell in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) is presented. An experimental setup is shown, in which two micro robots cooperate in the vacuum chamber of an SEM. A client-server control system that can integrate various microrobots and sensors has been developed and evaluated by automatic handling of TEM (transmission electron microscope) lamellae. The robots are controlled in a closed-loop way by using images from several CCD cameras and from the SEM. Algorithms for real-time processing of noisy SEM images have been implemented and tested. Finally, the experiment on automatic handling of TEM lamellae inside an SEM is described
Neurolytic Celiac Plexus Block for Treatment of Cancer Pain (1995)

We performed a meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of neurolytic celiac plexus block (NCPB) for cancer pain. A literature search yielded 59 papers, but data on NCPB in two or more patients was available in only 24 papers. Twenty-one studies were retrospective, one was prospective, and two were randomized and controlled. Cancer type was stated in 1117 of 1145 patients reported (63% pancreatic, 37% nonpancreatic). A bilateral posterior approach with 15-50 mL [corrected] of 50%-100% alcohol was the most common technique. Nonradiologically guided NCPB was performed in 246 patients (32%); guidance was by computed tomography (CT) in 214 (28%), radiograph in 271 (34%), fluoroscopy in 36 (5%), or ultrasound in 7 (< 1%). Good to excellent pain relief was reported in 878/989 patients (89%) during the first 2 wk after NCPB. Long-term followup beyond 3 mo revealed persistent benefit. Partial to complete pain relief continued in approximately 90% of patients alive at 3 mo post-NCPB and in 70%-90% until death even if beyond 3 mo post-NCPB. Patients with pancreatic cancer responded similarly to those with other intraabdominal malignancies. Common adverse effects were transient, including local pain (96%), diarrhea (44%), and hypotension (38%); complications occurred in 2%. This analysis suggests that: 1) NCPB has long-lasting benefit for 70%-90% of patients with pancreatic and other intraabdominal cancers, regardless of the technique used; 2) adverse effects are common but transient and mild; and 3) severe adverse effects are uncommon.
High-dose thymidine infusions in patients with leukemia and lymphoma. (1980)

Abstract We have recently explored the cytokinetic effects of thymidine given by continuous infusion in an animal model and have demonstrated an arrest of cell cycle traverse in rapidly proliferating tissues. Similar biologic effects have been observed in clinical trials upon infusing thymidine at a dose rate of 75 g/sq m/day. Fifteen courses of at least 5 days in duration have been administered to 11 patients with either leukemia or lymphoma. Steady-state serum thymidine levels were achieved in the range of 1-2 mM and the serum half-life of thymidine was approximately 90 min upon completion of the infusion. The associated toxicity included myelosuppression, headache, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. The antitumor effect was dependent on the disease being treated and the percentage of blasts in the peripheral blood. Three patients with AML and three patients with T-cell leukemia responded to the thymidine infusions with an abrupt decrease in peripheral blast count. In contrast, no response was observed in two patients with poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma of B-cell origin in a leukemic phase. One patient with T-cell leukemia had a marked clinical response with resolution of hepatosplenomegaly and another patient with the same diagnosis had partial clearing of the bone marrow. The cytokinetic effect on the bone marrow or peripheral blasts was monitored by microfluorimetry and labeling with precursors to monitor DNA synthesis. These data indicate an arrest of DNA synthesis during the period of thymidine infusion. The clinical effects observed with the high-dose thymidine infusions are correlated with measurements of thymidine kinase and phosphorylase levels detected in the blasts obtained from the leukemic patients. The relative ratios of thymidine kinase to phosphorylase are predictive of cellular sensitivity to the cytokinetic effects of thymidine.
The SPT6 gene is essential for growth and is required for delta-mediated transcription in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1987)

Mutations in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae SPT6 gene were originally identified as one class of extragenic suppressors of Ty and delta insertion mutations in the 5' noncoding regions of HIS4 and LYS2. We cloned SPT6 and constructed a null allele by gene disruption. Haploid spores carrying the spt6 null allele were inviable, indicating that the SPT6 gene is essential for mitotic growth. SPT6 was mapped to the right arm of chromosome VII, 44 centimorgans (cM) from ADE6 and 9 cM from CLY8. We showed that spt6 mutations suppress delta insertion mutations at the level of transcription but have no qualitative or quantitative effect on Ty transcription. In addition, we observed interesting SPT6 gene dosage effects. An SPT6 strain containing a high-copy-number plasmid clone of SPT6 showed suppression of delta insertion mutations, and a diploid strain with half its normal dose of SPT6 (SPT6/spt6 null) also exhibited suppression of delta insertion mutations. Therefore, having either too many or too few copies of SPT6 causes a mutant phenotype. Finally, this study and that in the accompanying paper (L. Neigeborn, J. L. Celenza, and M. Carlson, Mol. Cell. Biol. 7:679-686, 1986) showed that spt6 and ssn20 mutations (isolated as suppressors of snf2 and snf5 [sucrose nonfermenting] mutations) identify the same gene. SPT6 and SSN20 have the same genetic map position and share an identical restriction map. Furthermore, spt6 and ssn20 mutations fail to complement each other, and ssn20 mutations suppress solo delta insertion mutations at HIS4 and LYS2. These results, taken in conjunction with the SPT6 dosage effects and the fact that SPT6 is an essential gene, suggest that SPT6 plays a fundamental role in cellular transcription, perhaps by interaction with other transcription factors.
Ruby Laser Q-Switching Elements Using Phthalocyanine Molecules in Solution (1964)

Following the original suggestion of R. W. Hellwarth, <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> many investigators have succeeded in obtaining coherent light from optically pumped solid state lasers in the form of intense, sharp, single pulses. These pulses are commonly referred to as “giant” pulses, in recognition of the fact that their peak intensity far exceeds that of any of the several pulses (“spikes”) which are normally emitted in several-hundred-microsecond bursts when a laser is pumped beyond threshold. The duration of a giant pulse is usually only a few tens of nanoseconds. In contrast, the duration of each spike in the output of a normally operated laser is several hundred nanoseconds.
Reactivation of ERK Signaling Causes Resistance to EGFR Kinase Inhibitors (2012)

The clinical efficacy of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) kinase inhibitors is limited by the development of drug resistance. The irreversible EGFR kinase inhibitor WZ4002 is effective against the most common mechanism of drug resistance mediated by the EGFR T790M mutation. Here, we show, in multiple complementary models, that resistance to WZ4002 develops through aberrant activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling caused by either an amplification of mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) or by downregulation of negative regulators of ERK signaling. Inhibition of MAP-ERK kinase (MEK) or ERK restores sensitivity to WZ4002 and prevents the emergence of drug resistance. We further identify MAPK1 amplification in an erlotinib-resistant EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung carcinoma patient. In addition, the WZ4002-resistant MAPK1-amplified cells also show an increase both in EGFR internalization and a decrease in sensitivity to cytotoxic chemotherapy. Our findings provide insights into mechanisms of drug resistance to EGFR kinase inhibitors and highlight rational combination therapies that should be evaluated in clinical trials.
THE REACTION OF METHANESULFONIC ACID WITH SULFUR TRIOXIDE (1966)

The reaction of sulfur trioxide with methanesulfonic acid has been studied by examination of the nuclear magnetic resonance (n.m.r.) and Raman spectra of solutions containing up to 0.8 stoichiometric mole fraction of SO 3 .At relatively low SO 3 concentrations the polysulfonic acid CH 3 S 2 O 6 H is formed initially and reacts with excess methane sulfonic acid to give methanesulfonic anhydride.[Formula: see text]CH 3 S 2 O 6 H and CH 3 SO 3 H exchange protons and SO 3 rapidly and a single methyl resonance peak only is observed for these species in the n.m.r. spectrum. A separate methyl resonance is observed for (CH 3 ) 2 S 2 O 5 at relatively low concentrations of SO 3 , but at higher concentrations the peak merges with that due to CH 3 SO 3 H and CH 3 S 2 O 6 H because of the rapid equilibration of (CH 3 ) 2 S 2 O 5 with H 2 S 2 O 7 .[Formula: see text]At higher concentrations of SO 3 it is likely that the system contains polymers of the three series CH 3 S n +1 O 3n+3 H, (CH 3 ) 2 S n+2 O 3n+5 , and H 2 S n+1 O 3n+4 in rapid equilibrium. Free SO 3 is not found in the system at concentrations less than 60 mole %.
Uniformity and Independency Tests of Pseudo-random Number Generators (1998)

We put the pseudo-random number generator into catagories like MiCG, MuCG, URG, ICG, EICG, and test uniformity and independency by 10,000 times through n empirical trial after selecting this random number generator. Here, from a fraction of data(20, 40, 60, 80, 100) with a significance level of 0.1, 0.05 and 0.01, we drive cumulative frequency with K-S, , poker, run, autocorrelation test. As a result from the uniformity and independency among five random number generators based on all these data, all random number generator except EICG passed uniformity and independency test, and the URG turn out to be excellent in periodicity.
Clinical and Microbiologic Efficacy of a Water Filter Program in a Rural Honduran Community (2014)

Water purification in the rural Honduras is a focus of the nonprofit organization Honduras Outreach Medical Brigade Relief Effort (HOMBRE). We assessed water filter use and tested filter microbiologic and clinical efficacy. A 22-item questionnaire assessed water sources, obtainment/storage, purification, and incidence of gastrointestinal disease. Samples from home clay-based filters in La Hicaca were obtained and paired with surveys from the same home. We counted bacterial colonies of four bacterial classifications from each sample. Sixty-five surveys were completed. Forty-five (69%) individuals used a filter. Fifteen respondents reported diarrhea in their home in the last 30 days; this incidence was higher in homes not using a filter. Thirty-three paired water samples and surveys were available. Twenty-eight samples (85%) demonstrated bacterial growth. A control sample was obtained from the local river, the principal water source; number and bacterial colony types were innumerable within 24 hours. Access to clean water, the use of filters, and other treatment methods differed within a geographically proximal region. Although the majority of the water samples failed to achieve bacterial eradication, water filters may sufficiently reduce bacterial coliform counts to levels below infectious inoculation. Clay water filters may be sustainable water treatment measures in resource poor settings.