gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of Advanced Glycation End Products and Their Cellular Receptor RAGE in Diabetic Nephropathy and Nondiabetic Renal Disease (2000)

Advanced glycation end products (AGE) contribute to diabetic tissue injury by two major mechanisms, i.e., the alteration of extracellular matrix architecture through nonenzymatic glycation, with formation of protein crosslinks, and the modulation of cellular functions through interactions with specific cell surface receptors, the best characterized of which is the receptor for AGE (RAGE). Recent evidence suggests that the AGE-RAGE interaction may also be promoted by inflammatory processes and oxidative cellular injury. To characterize the distributions of AGE and RAGE in diabetic kidneys and to determine their specificity for diabetic nephropathy, an immunohistochemical analysis of renal biopsies from patients with diabetic nephropathy (n = 26), hypertensive nephrosclerosis (n = 7), idiopathic focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (n = 11), focal sclerosis secondary to obesity (n = 7), and lupus nephritis (n = 11) and from normal control subjects (n = 2) was performed, using affinity-purified antibodies raised to RAGE and two subclasses of AGE, i.e., N(epsilon)-(carboxymethyl)-lysine (CML) and pentosidine (PENT). AGE were detected equally in diffuse and nodular diabetic nephropathy. CML was the major AGE detected in diabetic mesangium (96%), glomerular basement membranes (GBM) (42%), tubular basement membranes (85%), and vessel walls (96%). In diabetic nephropathy, PENT was preferentially located in interstitial collagen (90%) and was less consistently observed in vessel walls (54%), mesangium (77%), GBM (4%), and tubular basement membranes (31%). RAGE was expressed on normal podocytes and was upregulated in diabetic nephropathy. The restriction of RAGE mRNA expression to glomeruli was confirmed by reverse transcription-PCR analysis of microdissected renal tissue compartments. The extent of mesangial and GBM immunoreactivity for CML, but not PENT, was correlated with the severity of diabetic glomerulosclerosis, as assessed pathologically. CML and PENT were also identified in areas of glomerulosclerosis and arteriosclerosis in idiopathic and secondary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, hypertensive nephrosclerosis, and lupus nephritis. In active lupus nephritis, CML and PENT were detected in the proliferative glomerular tufts and crescents. In conclusion, CML is a major AGE in renal basement membranes in diabetic nephropathy, and its accumulation involves upregulation of RAGE on podocytes. AGE are also accumulated in acute inflammatory glomerulonephritis secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus, possibly via enzymatic oxidation of glomerular matrix proteins.
A Device Management Framework for Secure Ubiquitous Service Delivery (2008)

In a mobile ubiquitous environment, service interactions between a user device and a service provider should be secure, regardless of the type of device used to access or consume a service. We present a secure device management framework (SDMF), designed to securely deliver services to user devices, whilst also hiding (some of) the complexity of security management from users. Key to this framework is the device management entity (DME), that manages a user device's security credentials, and interacts with service providers on its behalf. This framework also provides users with assurance that a compromised device cannot consume the delivered service, and, at the same time, prevents users from illegally sharing their credentials with other users. We achieve these objectives using trusted computing functionality and certain other security mechanisms.
Populismo, Estado poscolonial y partido único en Guyana (1981)

En un trabajo reciente, S. Garavini presentaba la evolucion politica de Guyana, previa a la obtencion de su independencia, como un proceso populista atipico en relacion a otros procesos similares desarrollados en algunos paises latinoamericanos. A pesar de su emergencia en el marco de condiciones estructurales parecidas y de la existencia de rasgos comunes - el desarrollo de procesos de movilizacion social relacionados con la modernizacion, la presencia de un regimen oligarquico que excluye la participacion politica de grandes masas, el crecimiento de los sectores medios con incongruencia de status, el surgimiento del People's Progressive Party (PPP) como un partido de masas basado en una alianza policlasista que genera una coalicion populista enfrentada a un enemigo comun identificado con el colonialismo, la conformacion de un sentimiento nacionalista en lo politico y en lo economico, vinculado, por otra parte, a una ideologia socialista de contornos vagos, y la presencia de lideres carismaticos como Jagan y Burnham - dos variables hacen distinta, segun Garavini, la situacion de Guyana con respecto al resto de America Latina. Por un lado, la permanencia del dominio colonial britanico hasta 1966 y, por otro, las caracteristicas multietnicas de la sociedad guyanesa, que complejizan la constitucion de un bloque anticolonial homogeneo...
Child Neurology (1995)

Child Neurology: A Clinical Manual, 2nd Ed.

edited by BRUCE O. BERG, 389 pp., ill., Philadelphia, J.B. Lippincott, 1994. $49.95

The first edition of this book was a paperback volume that could be crammed into a lab coat. A medical student or resident could use the numerous tables in the book for quick, convenient references of differential diagnosis in patients with neurologic problems.

The second …
Th1/Th2 Cell Distribution in Pulmonary Sarcoidosis (1997)

Cytokines released by T lymphocytes activated in the course of sarcoidosis, e.g., interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), indicate the presence of Th1 cells leading to the question of Th1/Th0/Th2 balance in sarcoidosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate Th-like cytokine patterns in different compartments of the body, i.e., peripheral blood, pulmonary parenchyma, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), of patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis by comparing cytokine gene expression of 167 T-cell clones derived from the above-mentioned compartments. Seventy-nine blood, 49 transbronchial biopsy, and 39 BAL clones were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction to identify the respective gene transcripts. The majority of CD4+ and CD8+ blood cells exhibited intermediate cytokine profiles (63.3%) without shifts to either side of the spectrum (6.3% Th1, 5.1% Th2). Lung parenchyma cells shifted to the Th1 side of the spectrum: 26.5% of the cells were of Th1 or of intermediate type (between Th1 and Th0), whereas only 8.1% of the cells were of Th2 or of intermediate type (between Th0 and Th2). CD8+ parenchyma cells were evenly distributed. From BAL only CD4+ clones could be generated with shifts to both ends of the spectrum. Thus, our data provide evidence that in sarcoidosis, at the site of granuloma formation, an accumulation of Th1 cells as well as of intermediate (between Th1 and Th0) cell types occurs, whereas in the alveolar lumen, high numbers of Th1 and Th2 cells with a simultaneous decrease of Th0 cells can be observed.
Catalytic versatility of erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase. VII. Kinetic studies of esterase activity and competitive inhibition by substrate analogs (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCatalytic versatility of erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase. VII. Kinetic studies of esterase activity and competitive inhibition by substrate analogsY. Pocker and J. T. StoneCite this: Biochemistry 1968, 7, 9, 3021–3031Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00849a001https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00849a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views210Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Animal model of human disease. Multiple myeloma. (1988)

Animal models of spontaneous and induced plasmacytomas in some inbred strains of mice have proven to be useful tools for different studies on tumorigenesis and immunoregulation. Their wide applicability and the fact that after their intravenous transplantation, the recipient mice developed bone lesions, led in some instances to an incorrect use of the term myeloma for these neoplasms. They originate and grow as extramedullary plasmacytomas, mostly without involvement of the bone marrow. Therefore, they cannot be compared with the most frequent plasma cell malignancy in humans, the multiple myeloma (MM). A more appropriate model for MM is available in aging mice of the C57BL/KaLwRij strain.
Principal Manifolds and Nonlinear Dimensionality Reduction via Tangent Space Alignment (2004)

We present a new algorithm for manifold learning and nonlinear dimensionality reduction. Based on a set of unorganized data points sampled with noise from a parameterized manifold, the local geometry of the manifold is learned by constructing an approximation for the tangent space at each data point, and those tangent spaces are then aligned to give the global coordinates of the data points with respect to the underlying manifold. We also present an error analysis of our algorithm showing that reconstruction errors can be quite small in some cases. We illustrate our algorithm using curves and surfaces both in two-dimensional/three-dimensional (2D/3D) Euclidean spaces and in higher-dimensional Euclidean spaces. We also address several theoretical and algorithmic issues for further research and improvements.
Genetically engineered superantigens as tolerable antitumor agents (1997)

Superantigens (SAg) are a family of bacterial and viral proteins with strong immunostimulatory properties. SAg bound to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules activate a high frequency of T cells and represent the most potent known activators of T cells to date. To explore the use of SAg for T cell-based tumor therapy we have created a tumor-reactive SAg by engineering a fusion protein composed of a tumor-reactive mAb (C215Fab) and the bacterial SAg staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA). A point mutation D227A was introduced at the major MHC class II binding site in SEA to reduce systemic toxicity. Treatment of tumor bearing mice with the Fab-SEA D227A fusion protein resulted in profound antitumor effects with a markedly reduced toxicity as compared with the wild-type Fab-SEA fusion protein. The reduced toxicity was probably due to a weak distribution of the SEA D227A fusion protein in tissues with a high MHC class II expression and low systemic cytokine levels as exhibited in mice and rabbits. The data presented demonstrate the efficacy of immunoconjugates containing a mutated SAg in directing a T cell attack against tumor cells with minimal systemic immune activation.
Role of lysophosphatidic acid in endothelin-1- and hematoma-induced alteration of cerebral microcirculation (1997)

Cerebral hematoma increases cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) endothelin-1 (ET-1). Inhibitors of ET-1 synthesis prevent this increment and hematoma-induced modification of cerebral arteriolar reactivity. We hypothesized that intrathecal ET-1 injection could 1) modify pial arteriolar reactivity similarly to hematoma; 2) increase CSF lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a potential contributor to altered cerebrovascular reactivity; and 3) reduce the level of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) in the CSF. Either ET-1 (10(-7) M) or artificial CSF was injected over the left parietal cortex of newborn pigs. Four days later, cranial windows were implanted. CSF ET was increased from a basal level of 11 fmol/ml to 18 fmol/ml 4 days after ET-1 injection, whereas CSF cAMP was reduced from 2,700 to 950 fmol/ml. The mean diameter of pial arterioles was reduced 31%. In control animals, 10(-12) M ET caused dilation, and higher concentrations induced vasoconstriction. Four days after ET-1 injection topical ET-1 caused constriction instead of dilation at 10(-12) M, and constrictions at higher doses were enhanced. Norepinephrine-induced constrictions were potentiated in the ET-1-injected group. Dilations to cAMP-dependent (but not independent) vasodilators were attenuated after ET-1. The concentration of the vasoconstrictor lipid mediator LPA increased approximately fourfold. Thus intrathecal injection of ET-1 mimics hematoma-induced modification of cerebral vascular reactivity and increase in LPA production. The mechanism(s) of ET-1- and hematoma-induced modifications may involve LPA, which is known to contribute to the loss of dilator responses by inhibition of cAMP product on. The present study further suggests that ET-1 together with LPA could be causing changes in cerebrovascular reactivity following cerebral hemorrhage. ET-1 stimulates the release of LPA from brain parenchyma independent of serum so that LPA could serve as a secondary mediator.
Unliganded thyroid hormone receptor inhibits formation of a functional preinitiation complex: implications for active repression. (1993)

The thyroid hormone receptor (TR) belongs to the steroid/nuclear receptor superfamily of ligand-inducible transcription factors. Numerous studies using transient transfection assays have demonstrated that in the absence of thyroid hormone (T3), unliganded TR acts as a constitutive repressor of transcription on genes bearing TR-response elements. We examined the molecular mechanism of TR repression in vitro using both HeLa nuclear extracts and purified basal factors. Here, we show that unliganded TR is an active transcriptional repressor, distinct from passive repressors that compete with activators for DNA binding. Repression by TR can be relieved by adding the T3 analog triiodothyroactic acid, suggesting that liganded TR undergoes a conformational change that masks or disrupts the repressor function. Repression by TR is mediated through the basal transcription machinery and can occur independently of previously characterized TATA-binding protein-associated cofactors thought to be involved in either basal repression or activator-dependent transcription. TR inhibits transcription at an early step during preinitiation complex (PIC) assembly, as preassembled PICs are refractory to the inhibitory effects of TR.
Enhanced Fluorescence of Cy5-Labeled DNA Tethered to Silver Island Films:  Fluorescence Images and Time-Resolved Studies Using Single-Molecule Spectroscopy (2006)

Methods that increase the total emission per fluorophore would provide increased sensitivity and a wider dynamic range for chemical analysis, medical diagnostics, and in vivo molecular imaging. The use of fluorophore-metal interactions has the potential to dramatically increase the detectability of single fluorophores for bioanalytical monitoring. The fabrication and single-molecule analysis of fluorophore-labeled DNA molecules tethered to silver island films are described in this article. The single-molecule spectroscopic method reveals some insightful information on the behaviors of single molecules, rather than an ensemble of molecules. Analysis of fluorescence images, intensity profiles, total emitted photons, and lifetime distributions reveals some of sample heterogeneities. Investigations of time-dependent emission characteristics of single molecules indicate that the total number of emitted photons on the silvered surface is more than 10 times greater than on free labeled DNA molecules on a glass substrate. In addition, time-correlated single-photon counting results reveal the reduced lifetimes of single molecules tethered to silver island films.
Helical interleaver set design for interleave-division multiplexing and related techniques (2008)

A simple strategy to generate interleaver sets is proposed. Possible applications include interleave-division multiplexing (IDM), interleave-division multiple access (IDMA), and related techniques such as multi-layer IDMA (ML-IDMA). Compared to the interleavers proposed in the literature, helical interleavers can be generated more efficiently, and require less bits to specify the interleaver patterns.
Resonant Mie scattering in infrared spectroscopy of biological materials – understanding the ‘dispersion artefact’ (2009)

Infrared spectroscopic cytology is potentially a powerful clinical tool. However, in order for it to be successful, practitioners must be able to extract reliably a pure absorption spectrum from a measured spectrum that often contains many confounding factors. The most intractable problem to date is the, so called, dispersion artefact which most prominently manifests itself as a sharp decrease in absorbance on the high wavenumber side of the amide I band in the measured spectrum, exhibiting a derivative-like line shape. In this paper we use synchrotron radiation FTIR micro-spectroscopy to record spectra of mono-dispersed poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) spheres of systematically varying size and demonstrate that the spectral distortions in the data can be understood in terms of resonant Mie scattering. A full understanding of this effect will enable us to develop strategies for deconvolving the scattering contribution and recovering the pure absorption spectrum, thus removing one of the last technological barriers to the development of clinical spectroscopic cytology.
Reprogrammable Electro-Optic Nonlinear Activation Functions for Optical Neural Networks (2019)

We introduce an electro-optic hardware platform for nonlinear activation functions in optical neural networks. The optical-to-optical nonlinearity operates by converting a small portion of the input optical signal into an analog electric signal, which is used to intensity -modulate the original optical signal with no reduction in processing speed. Our scheme allows for complete nonlinear on-off contrast in transmission at relatively low optical power thresholds and eliminates the requirement of having additional optical sources between each of the layers of the network Moreover, the activation function is reconfigurable via electrical bias, allowing it to be programmed or trained to synthesize a variety of nonlinear responses. Using numerical simulations, we demonstrate that this activation function significantly improves the expressiveness of optical neural networks, allowing them to perform well on two benchmark machine learning tasks: learning a multi-input exclusive-OR (XOR) logic function and classification of images of handwritten numbers from the MNIST dataset. The addition of the nonlinear activation function improves test accuracy on the MNIST task from 85% to 94%.
Novel Trisubstituted Harmine Derivatives with Original in Vitro Anticancer Activity (2012)

To overcome the intrinsic resistance of cancer cells to apoptotic stimuli, we designed and synthesized approximately 50 novel β-carbolines structurally related to harmine. Harmine is known for its anticancer properties and is a DYRK1A inhibitor. Of the synthesized compounds, the most active in terms of growth inhibition of five cancer cell lines are cytostatic and approximately 100 times more potent than harmine but demonstrated no DYRK1A inhibitory activity. These novel β-carbolines display similar growth inhibitory activity in cancer cells that are sensitive and resistant to apoptotic stimuli. Using ChemGPS-NP, we found that the more active β-carbolines are all more lipophilic and larger than the less active compounds. Lastly, on the basis of the NCI human tumor cell line anticancer drug screen and the NCI COMPARE algorithm, it appears that some of these compounds, including 5a and 5k, seem to act as protein synthesis inhibitors.
The structure of the maize ribosomal DNA spacer region (1986)

A combination of a single stranded plasmid vector and ordered deletions were used to determine the complete nucleotide sequence of a rDNA spacer region isolated from the DNA of maize Black Mexican Sweet suspension cells. The sequence reveals the presence of ten "200 base" subrepeats within the maize rDNA spacer region. By S1 protection experiments we have tentatively determined that the start of maize rRNA transcription is 144 bases 3' of the end of the last spacer subrepeat. We propose that the spacer subrepeats may have an important role in regulating maize rRNA transcription.
Soft-decision decoding of Reed-Muller codes as generalized multiple concatenated codes (1995)

Constructs Reed-Muller codes by generalized multiple concatenation of binary block codes of length 2. As a consequence of this construction, a new decoding procedure is derived that uses soft-decision information. The algorithm is designed for low decoding complexity and is applicable to all Reed-Muller codes. It gives better decoding performance than soft-decision bounded-distance decoding. Its decoding complexity is much lower than that of maximum-likelihood trellis decoding of Reed-Muller codes, especially for long codes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A New High-Density Twin-Gate Isolation One-Time Programmable Memory Cell in Pure 28-nm CMOS Logic Process (2014)

A new and compact high- <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$ </tex-math></inline-formula> dielectric breakdown one-time programmable (OTP) cell in pure 28-nm high- <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$ </tex-math></inline-formula> metal gate (HKMG) process is proposed. By adopting a self-aligned twin-gate isolation (TGI) made by merged gate spacer, the new OTP cell can operate independently with a very small cell area. Fabricated by a pure 28-nm HKMG CMOS logic process, this OTP cell successfully achieves an ultrasmall cell size of 0.0441 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula> <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathrm{m}^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> on 28-nm HKMG CMOS logic platform. Using high- <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$ </tex-math></inline-formula> dielectric breakdown as its program mechanism, the antifuse TGI OTP memory has more than three orders of ON/OFF read window with a low program voltage of 4 V in 20 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula> s. Furthermore, a highly density 64-kbit TGI OTP array has been fabricated and successfully demonstrates the new superior isolation and reliability performances.