gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
KSb<sub>5</sub>S<sub>8</sub>: A Wide Bandgap Phase‐Change Material for Ultra High Density Rewritable Information Storage (2003)

A well defined, congruently melting stoichiometric system , KSb 5 S 8 (see Figure), with a wide optical energy gap that undergoes rapid reversible crystal–glass transformation is described. The activation energy of crystallization E c was calculated to be ∼ 167 kJ mol –1 . The kinetic parameters and energy bandgaps of KSb 5 S 8 suggest a new inexpensive phase‐change material for possible ultra high density data storage applications.
Directional cloning of DNA fragments at a large distance from an initial probe: a circularization method. (1984)

The principle of a DNA cloning procedure that directionally generates genomic DNA fragments 50-2000 kilobases away from an initial probe is presented. The method depends on partial digestion of high molecular weight genomic DNA and subsequent ligation at very low concentration to generate covalent DNA circles. A library of the junction fragments from these circles can then be constructed. Biological or physical selection of the junction pieces can be achieved by incorporating a marker DNA fragment into the covalent circles. A 45-kilobase cosmid fragment has been successfully used to test the procedure. At appropriately low ligation concentrations (0.8 micrograms/ml), approximately equal to 90% of the ligated DNA is present as monomeric circles. Larger DNA fragments will require reducing the DNA concentration as the inverse square root of the DNA length. A suppressor tRNA gene has been tested as the selectable marker gene. Ligation of the digested circles into an amber-mutated lambda phage and propagation in a sup- host allows only the phage that contain junction fragments to produce plaques. Potential applications of this approach, such as mapping of complex genetic loci or moving from a linked gene toward a gene of interest, are presented and discussed.
Comparison of solutions for preservation of the rabbit liver as tested by isolated perfusion (1995)

The University of Wisconsin (UW) solution consists of a relatively complex mixture of agents. In this study we compared simpler preservation solutions, namely, histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK) and phosphate-buffered sucrose (PBS) with different compositions of UW solution in the isolated perfused rabbit liver model. Livers were stored cold for 24 and 48 h. After 24 h of preservation, the amount of bile produced in UW-preserved livers was significantly greater (P < 0.05) than that in HTK-preserved livers. Also, there was less LDH released into the perfusate in UW-preserved livers. There was more edema and lower K +/Na+rations in HTK-preserved livers than in UW-preserved livers (all data P < 0.05). After 48 h of preservation, the differences between livers preserved in UW or HTK solution were less noticeable than at 24 h and bile production was similar. LDH and AST release were greater in HTK-preserved livers than in UW livers, but these differences were not statistically significant. Preservation in PBS for 48 h was worse than in either UW or HTK solution. Substitution of polyethylene glycol (PEG) for hydroxyethyl starch (HES) in 48-h UW-preserved livers was not effective. We conclude that solutions simpler in composition than UW solution may be effective in kidney transplantation but do not appear suitable for successful liver preservation.
Dissolve detection in MPEG compressed video (2002)

A dissolve is a gradual transition from one shot to another in a video, resulting from gradually scaling the intensity values of the two shots. Up to now, there have been very few algorithms for detecting dissolves. By analysing characteristics exhibited by a typical dissolve, we propose two methods of detecting dissolves directly in MPEG compressed video. The first method is based on the characteristics that the average intensity of each frame changes linearly with time during a dissolve. Dissolves are detected by finding rectangular shapes on the difference curve of the average frame intensity values, which can be obtained by averaging the DC values of luminance blocks of each frame in an MPEG stream. The second method is based on the characteristics that each pixel changes its intensity value linearly and gradually during a dissolve. As a result, most of the pixel difference values between two consecutive frames will be moderate and fall within a range. This range is determined by the duration of a typical dissolve and the maximal intensity difference allowed. If the number of pixels with difference values falling within such a range is large over a period of time, a dissolve can be declared. For an MPEG stream, we define a measure D as the percentage of blocks with DC difference values falling within a specified range. Dissolves are thus detected by finding periods with consistent large values of D. Both methods have been tested on a range of MPEG video sequences and the results show that most dissolves can be correctly detected. Since the proposed methods operate directly on compressed data, they are much more efficient than some pixel domain methods.
Orally Administered Crocetin and Crocins Are Absorbed into Blood Plasma as Crocetin and Its Glucuronide Conjugates in Mice (2005)

A series of crocetin glycosides (crocins) are the main pigment of the stigmas of saffron (Crocussativus L.) and the fruits of gardenia (Gardenia jasminoides Ellis). Although numerous studies have demonstrated that crocetin and crocins have a variety of biological functions, the metabolism of dietary crocetin and crocins remains unknown. In the present study, we investigated the intestinal absorption of orally administered crocetin and crocins in mice. Orally administered crocetin was rapidly absorbed into the blood circulation and was present in plasma as an intact free form and as glucuronide conjugates (crocetin-monoglucuronide and -diglucuronide). Crocetin and its glucuronide conjugates were also found in crocins-administered mouse plasma, whereas intact crocins (glycoside forms) were not detected. These results indicate that orally administered crocins are hydrolyzed to crocetin before or during intestinal absorption, and absorbed crocetin is partly metabolized to mono- and diglucuronide conjugates.
Sequences downstream of translation start regulate quantitative expression of two petunia rbcS genes. (1989)

We investigated the basis for quantitative differences in leaf expression of the petunia genes (rbcS) encoding the small subunit of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase. The most abundantly, SSU301, and the most weakly, SSU911, expressed petunia rbcS genes maintained their differential expression when transferred to tobacco, indicating that the determinants of quantitative expression are intrinsic to these rbcS genes. Analysis of chimeric genes in which the sequences of SSU301 and SSU911 had been exchanged at the translation start showed that sequences both 5' and 3' to the start codon contribute to differences in steady-state mRNA levels. The sequences 3' to the translation initiation codon were investigated by preparing chimeric genes in which sequences of the SSU301 and SSU911 were exchanged between each intron and at the translation termination codon. The results showed that sequences downstream of the coding region contribute to quantitative differences in expression of SSU301 and SSU911, and nuclear run-on transcription experiments indicated that the 3' sequences affect transcription rates of the rbcS genes.
An Index Scheme for Similarity Search on Cloud Computing using MapReduce over Docker Container (2016)

We consider the problem of similarity search over the large datasets in the distributed environment. The proposed framework employs the Vp-Tree algorithm that integrated on top of the MapReduce framework to achieve good performance as well as meet the scalability and fault tolerance requirements for the system while data scale up. Since VP-Tree algorithm was implemented initially for partition and searching data in the local disk access, we proposed a new approach to using it in the parallel environment. The key point of the Vp-Tree algorithm is that it distributed the similar data points into groups, thereby reducing number of data need to scan during the searching stage. Consequently, the response time of the entire system has been improved. Otherwise, we used an open source computer vision library OpenCV for detect the similarity among images in the dataset. We evaluate the performance of our proposed framework using a synthetic data to show the positive of our approach. The experiment shows that our proposed framework achieves 57% improvement in response time in comparison with running searching job in tradition Hadoop framework. We also compared our application running time on Docker container against VM-based environment. The result points out that deploy our system over Docker container provide higher performance than VM-based environment in term of response time.
A fast and low cost testing technique for core-based system-on-chip (1998)

This paper proposes a new methodology for testing a core-based system-on-chip (SOC), targeting the simultaneous reduction of test area overhead and test application time. Testing of embedded cores is achieved using the transparency properties of surrounding cores. At the core level, testability and transparency can be achieved by reusing existing logic inside the core, and providing different versions of the core having different area overheads and transparency latencies. At the chip level, the technique analyzes the topology of the SOC to select the core versions that best meet the user's desired test area overhead and test application time objectives. Application of the method to example SOCs demonstrates the ability to design highly testable SOCs with minimized test area overhead, minimized test application time, or a desired trade-off between the two. Significant reduction in area overhead and test application time compared to an existing SOC testing technique is also demonstrated.
Tracking focus of attention in meetings (2003)

The author presents an overview of his work on tracking focus of attention in meeting situations. He has developed a system capable of estimating participants' focus of attention from multiple cues. In the system he employs an omni-directional camera to simultaneously track the faces of participants sitting around a meeting table and uses neural networks to estimate their head poses. In addition, he uses microphones to detect who is speaking. The system predicts participants' focus of attention from acoustic and visual information separately, and then combines the output of the audio- and video-based focus of attention predictors. In addition he reports recent experimental results: In order to determine how well we can predict a subject's focus of attention solely on the basis of his or her head orientation, he has conducted an experiment in which he recorded head and eye orientations of participants in a meeting using special tracking equipment. The results demonstrate that head orientation was a sufficient indicator of the subjects' focus target in 89% of the time. Furthermore he discusses how the neural networks used to estimate head orientation can be adapted to work in new locations and under new illumination conditions.
Civil aircraft maintenance and support Fault diagnosis from a business perspective (1999)

Aircraft maintenance down times together with maintenance activity durations and associated man‐hour expenditure are extremely important factors contributing to two major yardsticks of airline and civil aircraft performance: despatch reliability and direct maintenance costs, and have important cost implications. In maintaining an aircraft there is a need to predict fault diagnosis activities in quantitative terms of time. Traditionally estimating maintenance, in particular fault diagnosis, in terms of time has received scant attention. This paper identifies the need to evaluate all maintenance activity times. In addition, an approach is offered to estimate fault diagnosis activity times using knowledge‐based systems. Finally, the paper offers a vision outline in applying the technology and techniques to provide cost‐effective and timely fault diagnosis.
Burden of Clostridium difficile on the Healthcare System (2012)

There are few high-quality studies of the costs of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), and the majority of studies focus on the costs of CDI in acute-care facilities. Analysis of the best available data, from 2008, indicates that CDI may have resulted in $4.8 billion in excess costs in US acute-care facilities. Other areas of CDI-attributable excess costs that need to be investigated are costs of increased discharges to long-term care facilities, of CDI with onset in long-term care facilities, of recurrent CDI, and of additional adverse events caused by CDI.
Mechanism of Protection against Influenza A Virus by DNA Vaccine Encoding the Hemagglutinin Gene (2000)

Influenza A virus with its two major antigenic surface proteins hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) is a widely used model to study DNA immunizations in mice and other animals. Natural protection against influenza A virus infection is mediated by antibodies, which mostly are not protective against antigenic shift or drift variants of the original virus. Therefore, it would be a major task to induce a protective cellular immune response to more conserved proteins or epitopes. Injection of plasmid encoding a viral antigen is known to induce cellular as well as humoral immunity. In this study we investigate the mechanism of protection after intramuscular vaccination of C57Bl/6 mice with a DNA vaccine encoding HA of influenza A/PR/8/34. After a single injection, only a small percentage of mice survive the lethal challenge with homologous virus. The amount of protection can be doubled by applying a booster injection. Furthermore, by coinjection of plasmids encoding cytokines GM-CSF and IL-12, respectively, nearly all of the mice are protected. Mice with specific defects in the cellular immune response [perforin knockout (P-/-) mice] and in the humoral immune response [IgD/IgM knockout (muMT) mice], respectively, have been immunized with HA DNA with or without cytokine DNA. Protection could only be induced in P-/- mice, whereas muMT mice succumbed to the infection. Moreover, when muMT mice were infected with only 0.75 x50% lethal dose they died all the same, whereby mice that had been depleted of CD8+ T cells before infection showed an even greater progression of illness. Altogether these results demonstrate that antibodies mediate protection after immunization with plasmid coding for HA of influenza A virus, and that booster immunizations and coinjection of plasmids encoding GM-CSF or IL-12 can improve this protection.
Homomorphic Encryption for Arithmetic of Approximate Numbers (2016)

We suggest a method to construct a homomorphic encryption scheme for approximate arithmetic. It supports an approximate addition and multiplication of encrypted messages, together with a new rescaling procedure for managing the magnitude of plaintext. This procedure truncates a ciphertext into a smaller modulus, which leads to rounding of plaintext. The main idea is to add a noise following significant figures which contain a main message. This noise is originally added to the plaintext for security, but considered to be a part of error occurring during approximate computations that is reduced along with plaintext by rescaling. As a result, our decryption structure outputs an approximate value of plaintext with a predetermined precision.
An efficient algorithm for ray casting of CSG animation frames (1998)

This paper presents a new algorithm to generate ray-cast CSG animation frames. We consider sequences of frames where only the objects can move; in this way, we take advantage of the high screen area coherence of this kind of animation. A new definition of bounding box allows us to reduce the number of pixels to be computed for the frames after the first. We associate a CSG subtree and two new flags, denoting if the box has changed in the current frame and if it will change in the next frame, with each box. We show with three examples the advantages of our technique when compared with an algorithm which entirely renders each frame of an animation. Intersections with CSG objects may be reduced to about one-fifth, while the rendering may be computed up to four times faster for the test sequences. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phosphoramidate analogues of DNA: synthesis and thermal stability of heteroduplexes (1988)

The deoxyoligonucleotide 5' AATCGGGCATGGATT (15-mer) was synthesized containing 12 phosphoramidate linkages derived from 2 primary and 2 secondary amines. The oligonucleotides were purified by reverse phase HPLC and characterized by PAGE. The thermal stability of the duplexes derived from these compounds, when hybridized to the complementary diester linked oligomer, were determined and compared to the diester and methanephosphonate oligomer. The results indicated that all analogue oligomers form less stable duplexes then the diester oligomer. A large difference was observed between primary and secondary amine derived phosphoramidates.
A Restriction Point for Control of Normal Animal Cell Proliferation (1974)

This paper provides evidence that normal animal cells possess a unique regulatory mechanism to shift them between proliferative and quiescent states. Cells cease to increase in number under a diversity of suboptimal nutritional conditions, whereas a uniformity of metabolic changes follows these nutritional shifts. Evidence is given here that cells are put into the same quiescent state by each of these diverse blocks to proliferation and that cells escape at the same point in G(1) of the cell cycle when nutrition is restored. The name restriction point is proposed for the specific time in the cell cycle at which this critical release event occurs. The restriction point control is proposed to permit normal cells to retain viability by a shift to a minimal metabolism upon differentiation in vivo and in vitro when conditions are suboptimal for growth. Malignant cells are proposed to have lost their restriction point control. Hence, under very adverse conditions, as in the presence of antitumor agents, they stop randomly in their division cycle and die.
Collaborative computing: collaboration first, computing second (1991)

These articles on Collaborative Computing will seem out of place to a number of readers from the computer science community. Interesting articles perhaps, but what do they have to do with computers? Where is the science—that is, where is the mathematics, or the code? What have these issues to do with everyday practice?
New and experimental approaches to treatment of diabetic foot ulcers: a comprehensive review of emerging treatment strategies (2004)

Diabetic foot ulcers occur in up to 15% of all diabetic patients and are a leading cause of nontraumatic amputation worldwide. Neuropathy, abnormal foot biomechanics, peripheral vascular disease and external trauma are the major contributors to the development of a foot ulcer in the diabetic patient. Therapy today includes repeated debridement, offloading, and dressings, for lower grade ulcers, and broad spectrum antibiotics and occasionally limited or complete amputation for higher grades, requiring a team effort of health care workers from various specialties. The large population affected by diabetic foot ulcers and the high rates of failure ending with amputation even with the best therapeutic regimens, have resulted in the development of new therapies and are the focus of this review. These include new off loading techniques, dressings from various materials, methods to promote wound closure using artificial skin grafts, different growth factors or wound bed modulators and methods of debridement. These new techniques are promising but still mostly unproven and traditional approaches cannot be replaced. New and generally more expensive therapies should be seen as adding to traditional approaches.
Genome mapping with anchored clones: Theoretical aspects (1991)

As part of our effort to construct a physical map of the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana we have made a mathematical analysis of our experimental approach of anchoring yeast artificial chromosome clones with genetically mapped RFLPs and RAPDs. The details of this analysis are presented and their implications for mapping the Arabidopsis genome are discussed.
Investigation into the erosion mechanism of salicylate‐based poly(anhydride‐esters) (2005)

Salicylate-based poly(anhydride-esters), collectively referred to as PolyAspirin, hydrolytically degrade into salicylic acid, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). The variations of the poly(anhydride-ester) investigated in this article are linked by adipic acid, suberic acid, or sebacic acid. To elucidate the erosion mechanism of these polymers, water uptake, mass loss, contact angle, and changes in device thickness were monitored as a function of in vitro degradation time. The polymers examined here appeared to primarily undergo surface erosion. The adipate homopolymer absorbed the most water and therefore swelled more than the other versions of the poly(anhydride-ester). Additionally, the adipate homopolymer eroded most quickly. Increasing the length of the linker moiety decreased the driving force for hydrolysis, which prolonged the lifetime of the polymer sample.
Telemedicine kept simple. (2000)

Telemedicine ("medicine from a distance") is about bringing specialist knowledge to a patient from afar, by the use of communication technology. This article is based on personal experience in helping set up a simple, versatile, cheap and effective store-and-forward telemedicine system for the British Defence Medical Services. This system uses readily available still digital cameras to record clinical, radiographic and microscopic images, which are then sent by electronic mail to an organised network of specialists for secondary or tertiary opinion. The system is in use in various countries throughout the world, and has also proven to have civilian and humanitarian uses. The system is now being emulated in civilian practice in the United Kingdom, the United States, and in previously isolated hospitals in the Third World. I also describe the active role played by a telemedicine charity and by medical students on elective in the Third World in setting up telemedicine links using this system. Readers are invited to co-operate in the setting up of a global outreach telemedicine programme, linking elective students, isolated Third World hospitals, and University Teaching Hospitals.
High-Speed Transmission of Sequential Freeze-Pictures by Extracting Changed Areas (1981)

A very high-speed freeze-picture transmission system via telephone lines is realized by sending only the changed areas from the previous picture. Transmission speed is improved in reverse proportion to the changed areas compared with conventional systems. Increase in circuit size is nominal. The new system is also much simpler than interframe codecs because it does not employ complicated coding mode controls, addressing, or buffering. Block size of the changed areas is selected to satisfy both fast transmission speed and circuit simplicity. High-speed transmission compatible with high picture quality is achieved by extraction of changed blocks using both the average value of the picture signal difference in each block and the maximum value. Protection of picture data against transmission errors is achieved using two synchronizing data groups among tripled addressing data groups. Reduction of impairments due to errors in DPCM picture data using backward decoding is also proposed and adopted.