gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A new approach to the pin assignment problem (1988)

In this paper we study a pin assignment problem for macro-cells which is motivated by the goal of integrating the placement and routing steps in the physical design of VLSI circuits. We assume that the macro-cells have already been placed. In the mean time, we assume that the design of the macro-cells is still “soft” in that although the pins in a cell have a fixed relative order, they can be shifted around the boundary of the cell. A new algorithm was developed to determine the optimal shiftings of the pins so that a weighted sum of the lengths of the connecting wires is minimum. Good experimental results were obtained.
Superantigen immune stimulation activates epithelial STAT-1 and PI 3-K: PI 3-K regulation of permeability (2000)

Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) are critical intracellular signaling molecules for many cytokines. We compared the ability of T84 epithelial cells to activate STATs in response to cytokines [interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (10 ng/ml)] and conditioned medium from superantigen [Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B (SEB)]-activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) using electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA). Of the cytokines tested, only IFN-gamma caused a STAT-1 response. Exposure to SEB-PBMC-conditioned medium resulted in STAT-1 or STAT-1/3 activation, and inclusion of anti-IFN-gamma antibodies in the conditioned medium abolished the STAT-1 signal. Cells treated with transcription factor decoys, DNA oligonucleotides bearing the STAT-1 recognition motif, and then SEB-PBMC-conditioned medium displayed a reduced STAT-1 signal on EMSA, yet this treatment did not prevent the drop in transepithelial resistance (measured in Ussing chambers) caused by SEB-PBMC-conditioned medium. In contrast, the phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI 3-K) inhibitor LY-294002 significantly reduced the drop in transepithelial resistance caused by SEB-PBMC-conditioned medium. Thus data are presented showing STAT-1 (+/-STAT-3) and PI 3-K activation in epithelial cells in response to immune mediators released by superantigen immune activation. Although the involvement of STAT-1/-3 in the control of barrier function remains a possibility, PI-3K has been identified as a regulator of T84 paracellular permeability.
Nuclear localization of SYT, SSX and the synovial sarcoma-associated SYT-SSX fusion proteins (1997)

Synovial sarcoma is characterized by a prevalent chromosomal translocation, t(X;18)(p11;q11). As a result of this translocation the SYT gene on chromosome 18 fuses to either the SSX1 or the SSX2 gene on the X chromosome. In this study, we generated polyclonal antibodies against the SYT and SSX2 proteins. These antibodies specifically detected both these proteins and the SYT-SSX fusion proteins in transfected COS-1 cell extracts. Indirect immunofluorescence analysis of COS-1 cells expressing tagged or untagged SYT, SSX2, SYT-SSX1 or SYT-SSX2 indicated that all these proteins are localized in the nucleus, excluding the nucleoli. The SSX2 protein exhibited a diffuse staining pattern whereas both the SYT and SYT-SSX proteins appeared in several nuclear dots. Similar nuclear dots were also detected in primary synovial sarcoma cells growing in a short-term in vitro culture. Double immunofluorescence in conjunction with confocal laser-scanning microscopy revealed that the SYT and SYT-SSX nuclear dots do not co-localize with known nuclear structures as e.g. coiled bodies, SC35 interchromatin granules or PML bodies. The similar nuclear localization patterns of SYT and SYT-SSX suggest that the SYT-SSX fusion proteins are directed to SYT-associated nuclear domains where an abnormal function may be exerted.
Tumescent Suction Curettage versus Minimal Skin Resection with Subcutaneous Curettage of Sweat Glands in Axillary Hyperhidrosis (2008)

BACKGROUND Axillary hyperhidrosis is a common problem with a strong negative impact on professional and social life. Various types of surgical procedures have been developed for its treatment. OBJECTIVE We want to compare efficacy and risk–benefit ratio of two local surgical procedures, i.e., the minimal skin excision with subcutaneous curettage (Method A) and tumescent liposuction curettage (Method B). METHODS A total of 163 patients with primary axillary hyperhidrosis as assessed by positive iodine-starch test were included. The age range of patients was 16 to 61 years (mean 28 years), including 33 males and 129 females. A total of 125 underwent Method A, and 37 were treated by Method B. Both procedures were performed in tumescent anesthesia. The mean follow-up was 21 months (Method A) and 48 months (Method B). The outcome was evaluated by patient's global assessment and by Minor's starch test. Patient satisfaction was scored as “satisfied,”“partially satisfied,” or “dissatisfied.” Adverse effects, complications, hospitalization time, and time to return to work were recorded and compared for both methods. In patients who underwent Method A, scar formation was assessed only for the first axilla (n=99). RESULTS In Method A, the rate of residual sweating was 12.0%. The relapse rate was 1.0% of patients or 2% of axillae. In Method B, the relapse rate was 16.2% of patients or 14.5% of axillae within 12 months. If we consider both the relapses and the residual sweating, this modified relapse rate per axilla was 12.8% for Method A and 14.5% for Method B. Patients who underwent Method B had significantly less pain, no atrophic or hypertrophic scars, and no complications such as wound infections, bleeding (with the need of a second operation), or delayed healing. Using Method A, the stay in hospital was on average 5.8 days per patient or 3.2 days per axilla. Mean time to return to work was 8.8±3.5 days. For Method B, the procedure was performed in an outpatient setting. The mean time to return to professional work was 1.3±0.8 days. The total satisfaction rate was 97% for Method A and 89.2% for Method B, respectively. CONCLUSIONS As shown by this study, minor skin resection with subcutaneous curettage of axillary sweat glands (Method A) is somewhat more effective in permanent reduction of hyperhidrosis than suction curettage. The minimal invasiveness of suction curettage and the minimal scarring, however, are significant advantages over excisional surgery. Downtime after surgery is significantly shorter for suction curettage. Therefore, suction curettage might be the surgical treatment of choice for axillary hyperhidrosis.
[Tumor markers in testicular tumors]. (1985)

Serum levels of hCG, AFP, CEA and testosterone were measured in 20 patients with testicular tumors for an evaluation of their clinical significance as tumor markers. HCG was elevated in those with chorional and syncytiotrophoblastic cell tumors, but it was also detected in some cases of embryonal carcinoma and seminoma, suggesting the presence of hCG-producing elements. AFP was exclusively elevated in embryonal and yolk sac tumors. CEA and testosterone were mostly normal in all patients. HCG and AFP fluctuated in good correlation with the clinical course. Thus, hCG and AFP were valuable tumor markers for testicular tumors for the diagnosis of histological type and stage and monitoring the therapeutic effect and prognosis.
A fundamental approach to valuation, hedging and speculation in deregulated electricity markets (2001)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2001.
Erythropoietin has a mitogenic and positive chemotactic effect on endothelial cells. (1990)

Erythropoietin is known to be a hematopoietic growth factor with a singularly specific action on the proliferation and differentiation of erythroid progenitor cells. We have observed a dose-dependent proliferative action of human recombinant erythropoietin on human umbilical vein endothelial cells and bovine adrenal capillary endothelial cells. Binding studies with radioiodinated recombinant human erythropoietin revealed a large number (approximately 27,000) of an apparent single class of receptors with an affinity in the 10(-9) M range. Linkage of the radiolabeled ligand to its receptor via a bifunctional crosslinking agent allowed us to identify an endothelial cell protein of 45 kDa as the principal receptor associated with this mitogenic effect of erythropoietin. Recombinant human erythropoietin also enhanced the migration of endothelial cells.
A 15-mW, 155-Mb/s CMOS burst-mode laser driver with automatic power control and end-of-life detection (2000)

A burst-mode laser driver for passive optical networks (ATM-PON/FSAN, N-PON, π-PON) uses mixed-signal design techniques in digital 0.5-μm CMOS. Power consumption is 15 mW, which is about an order of magnitude less than previous designs. The laser driver features automatic power control and laser end-of-life detection. These features are implemented with a novel peak comparator, which operates on a packet-by-packet basis.
Validation of Consensus Quantitative Trait Loci Associated with Resistance to Multiple Foliar Pathogens of Maize (2009)

Maize production in sub-Saharan Africa incurs serious losses to epiphytotics of foliar diseases. Quantitative trait loci conditioning partial resistance (rQTL) to infection by causal agents of gray leaf spot (GLS), northern corn leaf blight (NCLB), and maize streak have been reported. Our objectives were to identify simple-sequence repeat (SSR) molecular markers linked to consensus rQTL and one recently identified rQTL associated with GLS, and to determine their suitability as tools for selection of improved host resistance. We conducted evaluations of disease severity phenotypes in separate field nurseries, each containing 410 F2:3 families derived from a cross between maize inbred CML202 (NCLB and maize streak resistant) and VP31 (a GLS-resistant breeding line) that possess complimentary rQTL. F2:3 families were selected for resistance based on genotypic (SSR marker), phenotypic, or combined data and the selected F3:4 families were reevaluated. Phenotypic values associated with SSR markers for consensus rQTL in bins 4.08 for GLS, 5.04 for NCLB, and 1.04 for maize streak significantly reduced disease severity in both generations based on single-factor analysis of variance and marker-interval analysis. These results were consistent with the presence of homozygous resistant parent alleles, except in bin 8.06, where markers were contributed by the NCLB-susceptible parent. Only one marker associated with resistance could be confirmed in bins 2.09 (GLS) and 3.06 (NCLB), illustrating the need for more robust rQTL discovery, fine-mapping, and validation prior to undertaking marker-based selection.
YouTube活用パーフェクト入門 : broadcast yourself (2006)

１ ＹｏｕＴｕｂｅってなんだ？ ２ 動画を見る！見たい動画を探す！ ３ お気に入りの動画を保存しよう！ ４ コミュニケーション機能も充実！ＳＮＳとしても使えるＹｏｕＴｕｂｅ ５ これで世界に動画を公開！ ６ ＹｏｕＴｕｂｅだけじゃない！そのほかの動画共有サイト
An amorphous silicon photodiode array for glass-based optical MEMS application (2009)

A highly sensitive photo-detector array deposited on a glass substrate with an optional integrated optical filter have been presented. The active element is a vertically integrated hydrogenated amorphous silicon photodiode featuring a dark current of less than 1 e-10 A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> for -3V polarization and a maximal quantum efficiency of 80% near 580 nm. The prototype was encapsulated and successfully tested optically. It has a fill factor of only 44% which, however, can be easily increased to 90% using flip-chip bonding to an integrated electronic circuit for signal conditioning. The sensor is biocompatible and can be integrated with other glass-based and glass compatible micro-fabricated devices such as optical, microfluidic, lab-on-a-chip, chemical and biological devices in which photo-detection is a desired feature.
Classifier-Directed Signal Processing in Brain Research (1986)

Because of the difficulty of extracting useful information from brain electrical or magnetic field measurements, sensitive analytic methods are often required. "Open-loop" techniques for the choice of signal features and the testing of statistical hypotheses are often not sufficient for such problems. The sensitivity of analyses can be increased by "closed-loop" analyses which use feedback from the hypothesis testing to optimize the feature extraction and/or primary analysis to achieve maximal classification accuracy for a pattern recognition analysis which attempts to separate experimental or ciinical conditions. Signal processing algorithms whose parameters are set to maximize the strength of consequent inferences as measured by classifier performance could be called classifier-directed methods. This paper reviews the application of classifier-directed methodologies to waveform detection and categorical classification problems in brain research. Pattern recognition methods are shown to be a convenient way of incorporating expert knowledge in a statistical framework with minimal assumptions about the statistics of the desired or undesired components.
Muscle accounts for glucose disposal but not blood lactate appearance during exercise after acclimatization to 4,300 m (1992)

We hypothesized that the increased blood glucose disappearance (Rd) observed during exercise and after acclimatization to high altitude (4,300 m) could be attributed to net glucose uptake (G) by the legs and that the increased arterial lactate concentration and rate of appearance (Ra) on arrival at altitude and subsequent decrease with acclimatization were caused by changes in net muscle lactate release (L). To evaluate these hypotheses, seven healthy males [23 +/- 2 (SE) yr, 72.2 +/- 1.6 kg], on a controlled diet were studied in the postabsorptive condition at sea level, on acute exposure to 4,300 m, and after 3 wk of acclimatization to 4,300 m. Subjects received a primed-continuous infusion of [6,6-D2]glucose (Brooks et al., J. Appl. Physiol. 70: 919-927, 1991) and [3-13C]lactate (Brooks et al., J. Appl. Physiol. 71:333-341, 1991) and rested for a minimum of 90 min, followed immediately by 45 min of exercise at 101 +/- 3 W, which elicited 51.1 +/- 1% of the sea level peak O2 uptake (65 +/- 2% of both acute altitude and acclimatization peak O2 uptake). Glucose and lactate arteriovenous differences across the legs and arms and leg blood flow were measured. Leg G increased during exercise compared with rest, at altitude compared with sea level, and after acclimatization. Leg G accounted for 27-36% of Rd at rest and essentially all glucose Rd during exercise. A shunting of the blood glucose flux to active muscle during exercise at altitude is indicated. With acute altitude exposure, at 5 min of exercise L was elevated compared with sea level or after acclimatization, but from 15 to 45 min of exercise the pattern and magnitude of L from the legs varied and followed neither the pattern nor the magnitude of responses in arterial lactate concentration or Ra. Leg L accounted for 6-65% of lactate Ra at rest and 17-63% during exercise, but the percent Ra from L was not affected by altitude. Tracer-measured lactate extraction by legs accounted for 10-25% of lactate Rd at rest and 31-83% during exercise. Arms released lactate under all conditions except during exercise with acute exposure to high altitude, when the arms consumed lactate. Both active and inactive muscle beds demonstrated simultaneous lactate extraction and release. We conclude that active skeletal muscle is the predominant site of glucose disposal during exercise and at high altitude but not the sole source of blood lactate during exercise at sea level or high altitude.
Interaction of an Exchangeable Apolipoprotein with Phospholipid Vesicles and Lipoprotein Particles (1999)

Apolipophorin III (apoLp-III) from Locusta migratoria is an exchangeable apolipoprotein that binds reversibly to lipid surfaces. In the lipid-free state this 164-residue protein exists as a bundle of five elongated amphipathic alpha-helices. Upon lipid binding, apoLp-III undergoes a significant conformational change, resulting in exposure of its hydrophobic interior to the lipid environment. On the basis of x-ray crystallographic data (Breiter, D. R., Kanost, M. R., Benning, M. M., Wesenberg, G., Law, J. H., Wells, M. A., Rayment, I., and Holden, H. M. (1991) Biochemistry 30, 603-608), it was proposed that hydrophobic residues, present in loops that connect helices 1 and 2 (Leu-32 and Leu-34) and helices 3 and 4 (Leu-95), may function in initiation of lipid binding. To examine this hypothesis, mutant apoLp-IIIs were designed wherein the three Leu residues were replaced by Arg, individually or together. Circular dichroism spectroscopy and temperature and guanidine hydrochloride denaturation studies showed that the mutations did not cause major changes in secondary structure content or stability. In lipid binding assays, addition of apoLp-III to phospholipid vesicles caused a rapid clearance of vesicle turbidity due to transformation to discoidal complexes. L34R and L32R/L34R/L95R apoLp-IIIs displayed a much stronger interaction with lipid vesicles than wild-type apoLp-III. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the mutant apoLp-IIIs retained their ability to bind to lipoprotein particles. However, in lipoprotein competition binding assays, the mutants displayed an impaired ability to initiate a binding interaction when compared with wild-type apoLp-III. The data indicate that the loops connecting helices 1 and 2 and helices 3 and 4 are critical regions in the protein, contributing to recognition of hydrophobic defects on lipoprotein surfaces by apoLp-III.
THE MUTATION AND POLYMORPHISM OF THE HUMAN β-GLOBIN GENE AND ITS SURROUNDING DNA (1984)

Orthologs and paralogs are two fundamentally different types of homologous genes that evolved, respectively, by vertical descent from a single ancestral gene and by duplication. Orthology and paralogy are key concepts of evolutionary genomics. A ...Read More
Feedback control of a DNA molecule tethered in a nanopore to repeatedly probe DNA-binding enzymes (2008)

This paper demonstrates feedback voltage control of a single DNA molecule tethered in a biological nanopore. The nanopore device monitors ionic current through a single protein pore inserted in a lipid bilayer. The limiting aperture of the pore is just sufficient (1.5 nm diameter) to accommodate single-stranded DNA. The tethered DNA is double stranded on each end, with a single stranded segment that traverses the pore. Voltage control is used to regulate the motion of the tethered DNA, for repeated capture and subsequent voltage-promoted dissociation of DNA-binding enzymes above the nanopore. In initial experiments using the Klenow fragment of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I, control of 8 independent tethered DNA molecules yielded 337 dissociation events in a period of 380 seconds. The resulting distribution of DNA-protein dissociation times can be used to model the free energy profile of dissociation. Moreover, the approach is applicable to numerous enzymes that bind or modify DNA or RNA including exonucleases, kinases, and other polymerases.
FLAX: Systematic Discovery of Client-side Validation Vulnerabilities in Rich Web Applications. (2010)

The complexity of the client-side components of web applications has exploded with the increase in popularity of web 2.0 applications. Today, traditional desktop applications, such as document viewers, presentation tools and chat applications are commonly available as online JavaScript applications. Previous research on web vulnerabilities has primarily concentrated on flaws in the server-side components of web applications. This paper highlights a new class of vulnerabilities, which we term client-side validation (or CSV) vulnerabilities. CSV vulnerabilities arise from unsafe usage of untrusted data in the client-side code of the web application that is typically written in JavaScript. In this paper, we demonstrate that they can result in a broad spectrum of attacks. Our work provides empirical evidence that CSV vulnerabilities are not merely conceptual but are prevalent in today’s web applications. We propose dynamic analysis techniques to systematically discover vulnerabilities of this class. The techniques are light-weight, efficient, and have no false positives. We implement our techniques in a prototype tool called FLAX, which scales to real-world applications and has discovered 11 vulnerabilities in the wild so far.
Automatic Detection of Potential Threat Objects in X-ray Luggage Scan Images (2008)

The detection of threat objects using X-ray luggage scan images has become an important means of aviation security. Most airport screening is still based on the manual detection of potential threat objects by human experts. This paper presents a system for the automatic detection of potential threat objects in X-ray luggage scan images. Segmentation and edge-based feature vectors form the basis of the automatic detection system. The system is illustrated using handguns as the threat objects in question. The experimental results show that the system can effectively detect the handguns in X-ray luggage scan images with minimal amounts of false positives. Also, apart from the initial setup of the classification database, the algorithm is suitable for real-time applications.
Inhibition of constitutively activated Stat3 signaling pathway suppresses growth of prostate cancer cells. (2000)

Overexpression of interleukin 6, a downstream target of the GBX2 homeobox gene, has been linked to the progression of prostate cancer. The Janus kinase-signal transducers and activators of transcription signaling pathway transmits interleukin 6-mediated signals from cell surface receptors to the target genes in the nucleus and is critical in mediating cellular growth and differentiation. We demonstrate that cells derived from both rat and human prostate cancers have constitutively activated Stat3, with Stat3 activation being correlated with malignant potential. Blockade of activated Stat3 by ectopic expression of a dominant-negative Stat3 in human prostate cancer cells significantly suppresses their growth in vitro and their tumorigenicity in vivo. Furthermore, the Janus kinase inhibitor, tyrphostin AG490, inhibited the constitutive activation of Stat3 and suppressed the growth of human prostate cancer cells. These results indicate that activation of Stat3 signaling is essential in the progression of prostate cancer cells and suggest that targeting Stat3 signaling may yield a potential therapeutic intervention for prostate cancer.
Sampling Based Approaches to Calculating Marginal Densities (1989)

Abstract Stochastic substitution, the Gibbs sampler, and the sampling-importance-resampling algorithm can be viewed as three alternative sampling- (or Monte Carlo-) based approaches to the calculation of numerical estimates of marginal probability distributions. The three approaches will be reviewed, compared, and contrasted in relation to various joint probability structures frequently encountered in applications. In particular, the relevance of the approaches to calculating Bayesian posterior densities for a variety of structured models will be discussed and illustrated.