gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unobtrusive online monitoring of sleep at home (2012)

We describe an online sleep monitoring service, based on unobtrusive ballistocardiography (BCG) measurement in an ordinary bed. The novelty of the system is that the sleep tracking web application is based on measurements from a fully unobtrusive sensor. The BCG signal is measured with a piezoelectric film sensor under the mattress topper, and sent to the web server for analysis. Heart rate and respiratory variation, activity, sleep stages, and stress reactions are inferred based on the signal. The sleep information is presented to the user along with measurements of the sleeping environment (temperature, noise, luminosity) and user-logged tags (e.g. stress, alcohol, exercise). The approach is designed for long-term use at home, allowing users to follow the development of their sleep over months and years. The service has also a medical use, as sleep disorder patients can be measured for long periods before and after interventions.
A Modular Synthesis of Highly Substituted Imidazolium Salts (2009)

A versatile and modular one-pot method for the preparation of differently substituted symmetrical and unsymmetrical imidazolium salts is reported, and 19 examples are given. In the key step, readily available formamidines and alpha-halo ketones are coupled to give imidazolinium salts 3, followed by imidazolium salt formation by acylation-induced elimination. For many substitution patterns of the imidazolium salt products, this efficient strategy compares favorably with well-known processes in terms of yield, ease of synthesis, and robustness.
Systematic Design of Stacked-Crystal Filters by Microwave Network Methods (1974)

A class of novel frequency-selective devices, called stacked-crystal filters, is discussed in terms of a microwave network approach that leads to a systematic procedure for their analysis and design. These devices consist of two or more crystal plates that are stacked together, with thin electrodes being provided between some or all of the adjacent interfaces for the purpose of translating mechanical properties into electrical signals via piezoelectric coupling. In such a configuration, the electromechanical coupling that occurs at the plate surfaces produces selective interactions between the elastic modes in each crystal plate, as well as between these modes and all of the modes in the other plates included in a stack. A judicious combination of materials and dimensions can therefore provide a very wide range of desired filtering characteristics. For stacks with thin plates, only three thickness modes appear in each plate and they can be described in terms of three transmission lines; their coupling at the plate surfaces is then expressible in terms of ideal transformers that represent the mechanical junction between two adjacent plates. The interface electrodes appear as a set of terminals, to which are attached capacitators and another set of ideal transformers that represent the piezoelectric drive. In this manner, each plate can be rigorously described in terms of a well-defined network that serves as a building block. A stack consisting of any number of plates can therefore be regarded as the connection of an appropriate number of such building blocks, thus reducing a complicated mathematical problem to a systematic representation that can readily be handled by conventional techniques. A simple example of a two-layer quartz device operating on these principles is given. The simulated behavior obtained from the exact eqivalent network discloses that wide-band filters may be designed. Construction of such devices can be expected to yield robust, miniature filters of high performance possessing a large diversity of desired characteristics.
Antitumor activity of the type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor and cytotoxic conjugate in vitro. (1992)

Many cancer cell lines and cancers overexpress receptor bound urokinase plasminogen activator on the cell surface. The urokinase plasminogen activator bound to its receptor remains on the cell surface for a prolonged period of time. When urokinase plasminogen activator/urokinase plasminogen activator receptor complex binds plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1), the inhibitor triggers a series of events leading to internalization of the entire complex. This mechanism makes a very attractive target for localization and internalization of PAI-1-based cytotoxic compounds in cancer treatment. We investigated the antitumor activity of PAI-1/A-chain cholera toxin in vitro. Fibrosarcoma-derived HT1080 cells treated with PAI-1 conjugate showed at least 4 times higher cell killing than the control KD normal fibroblast cell line.
A fully integrated near-field optical, far-field optical, and normal-force scanned probe microscope (1996)

We present a near-field scanning optical microscope (NSOM) which fully integrates near-field and far-field optics with scanned probe microscopy (SPM). The instrument incorporates a novel, flat scanning system that allows the NSOM/SPM head to be placed directly on the sample stage of any upright or inverted optical microscope and fully integrates the two microscopes. The near-field optical microscope that is designed around this flat scanner utilizes cantilevered optical force sensing probes that we have developed. Thus, the instrument can simultaneously image in a number of topographic and optical modes. The normal force sensing capability of our probes and microscope provides a significant advantage over straight optical fibers and the shear force detection techniques that are employed. The piezoelectric scanner incorporates X, Y, and Z scan ranges of over 40 μm into a flat stage less than 7 mm high. The scanning stage also provides for inertial translation of a sample over many millimeters. This completely and transparently integrates the technologies of near-field optics and other scanned probe microscopies with conventional far-field optical microscopy. Furthermore, the axial positioning capability of the flat scanner enhances the characteristics of the far-field microscope by allowing for three-dimensional optical sectioning that is required in techniques such as confocal imaging, nonlinear optical microscopies, and charge coupled device (CCD) imaging. Finally, the X, Y, and Z precision movements also have the potential for being used in optical tweezer applications.
Activity of soluble OX40 ligand is enhanced by oligomerization and cell surface immobilization (2008)

OX40 ligand (OX40L) and OX40 are typical members of the tumor necrosis factor ligand family and the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, respectively, and are involved in the costimulation and differentiation of T cells. Like other tumor necrosis factor ligands, OX40L is a type II transmembrane protein. Recombinant soluble human OX40L assembles into trimers and is practically inactive despite binding to OX40. However, oligomerization of soluble OX40L trimers by cross-linking with antibodies or by expression as a hexameric fusion protein strongly increased the activity of the ligand. Moreover, a fusion protein of OX40L with a single chain fragment recognizing the tumor stroma antigen fibroblast activation protein showed a cell surface antigen-dependent increase in the activity of the ligand domain of the molecule and thus mimicked the activity of membrane OX40L upon antigen binding. Trimeric single chain OX40L fusion proteins therefore represent a novel type of OX40L-derived immunostimulatory molecule with potentially reduced systemic side effects.
Ruthenium Pincer‐Catalyzed Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling of Primary Alcohols with Secondary Alcohols under Neutral Conditions (2012)

Abstract Cross‐dehydrogenative coupling of primary alcohols with secondary alcohols to obtain mixed esters with the liberation of molecular hydrogen is achieved in high yield and good selectivity under neutral conditions, using a bipyridyl‐based PNN ruthenium(II) pincer catalyst.
Noncancerous PTGS2 DNA fragments of apoptotic origin in sera of prostate cancer patients qualify as diagnostic and prognostic indicators (2007)

Our study was designed to evaluate Cell-Free DNA in sera of prostate cancer (PCA) patients as a useful biomarker. Real-time PCR was used to amplify a <200 bp PTGS2 DNA fragment that biochemically characterizes apoptosis and a larger >250 bp Reprimo DNA fragment that defines mostly other cell death entities. The apoptosis index (AI) expresses the ratio of PTGS2 to Reprimo DNA fragments. GSTP1 hypermethylation was assessed to evaluate the amount of tumor-derived DNA. We analyzed serum of 216 patients (168 PCA; 5 incidental PCA; 42 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH); 11 healthy individuals). Distinctly elevated concentrations of PTGS2 fragments were detected in PCA compared to BPH and healthy individuals (median: 70.2, 10.5 and 7.1 ng/ml, respectively; p < 0.0001). The AI was significantly increased in PCA vs. BPH patients and healthy individuals (6.01 vs. 1.54 and 0.84 respectively; p = 0.002-0.0001). GSTP1 hypermethylation was only present in a small percentage (mean 1.92%) of circulating DNA. Concentrations of apoptotic PTGS2 fragments discriminated sensitively (88%) and specifically (64%) between BPH and PCA, whereas the AI was more specific (82%) but less sensitive (70%). The AI correlated with histological grading (p = 0.044). Kaplan-Meier analysis for a subset of 124 patients revealed a significant correlation between apoptotic PTGS2 fragments or the AI and PSA recurrence following radical prostatectomy (p = 0.0395-0.0482). In conclusion, circulating PTGS2 fragments of apoptotic origin and the AI are promising serum biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of PCA. We suggest that cancer-induced apoptosis of peripheral noncancerous tissues is relevant in many malignancies.
Thermally Hydrated DPPC Langmuir Film:  A Trial Application to the Analysis of Interaction of Sucrose with DPPC Liposome (1997)

The thermally hydrated dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline (DPPC) Langmuir (L) film was investigated to determine whether it could be an appropriate physical model of DPPC liposomes. The interaction of sucrose with the L film and the liposome was investigated for the examination. The conventional DPPC L film without any heating process showed a film shrinkage by bound sucrose on the surface of the L film. The film shrinkage was enhanced with an increase of the concentration of sucrose. This shrinkage was found to affect all of the entire characteristics of the conventional L film. On the other hand, the hydrated L film by a heating process indicated a film expansion by the penetrated sucrose, although the incorporated water in the film avoided the approach of sucrose a little. The expansion increased with the concentration of sucrose, a fact that was contrary to the results of the conventional L film. To compare the hydrated L film with liposome, the fluorescence decay and anisotropy of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) in DPPC liposomes were measured. The results indicated that the molecular order of DPPC in the liposome decreased with the concentration of sucrose. The molecular motion of DPPC was reduced with the concentration of sucrose. These phenomena were successfully explained by the results of the hydrated L films. The hydrated L film was consequently proposed to be a much better physical model of liposomes than the conventional L film.
Effects of Diabetes and Hyperglycemia on the Hexosamine Synthesis Pathway in Rat Muscle and Liver (1995)

In vitro studies suggested that increased flux of glucose through the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HexNSP) contributes to glucose-induced insulin resistance. Glutamine:fructose-6- phosphate amidotransferase (GFAT) catalyzes glucose flux via HexSNP; its major products are uridine diphosphate (UDP)-N-acetyl hexosamines (UDP-HexNAc). We examined whether streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes (4-10 days) or sustained hyperglycemia (1-2 h) in normal rats alters absolute or relative concentrations of nucleotide-linked sugars in skeletal muscle and liver in vivo. UDP-HexNAc and UDP-hexoses (UDP-Hex) were increased and decreased, respectively, in muscles of diabetic rats, resulting in an approximately 50% increase in the UDP-HexNAc:UDPHex ratio (P < 0.01). No significant changes in nucleotide sugars were observed in livers of diabetic rats. In muscles of normal rats, UDP-HexNAc concentrations increased (P < 0.01) and UDP-Hex decreased (P < 0.01) during hyperglycemia. The UDP-HexNAc:UDP-Hex ratio increased approximately 40% (P < 0.01) and correlated strongly with plasma glucose concentrations. Changes in liver were similar to muscle but were less marked. GFAT activity in muscle and liver was unaffected by 1-2 h of hyperglycemia. GFAT activity decreased 30-50% in muscle, liver, and epididymal fat of diabetic rats, and this was reversible with insulin therapy. No significant change in GFAT mRNA expression was detected, suggesting post-transcriptional regulation. The data suggest that glucose flux via HexNSP increases in muscle during hyperglycemic hyperinsulinemia and that the relative flux of glucose via HexNSP is increased in muscle in STZ-induced diabetes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Using capability classes to classify and match CC/PP and UAProf profiles (2002)

In order for a web server to provide optimised content to different client devices it requires a description of the capabilities of the client known as the delivery context. In previous work we demonstrated DELI, an open-source library that allows Java servlets to resolve HTTP requests containing delivery context information in CC/PP or UAProf formats. Subsequently DELI has been incorporated into the Apache Cocoon XML publishing framework in order to demonstrate how delivery context information can be used in conjunction with content transformation via XSLT. During this work, it was found that it is cumbersome to match this information using constraints written in XPath. Furthermore there is no easy method of abstraction so that common sets of constraints may be reused in multiple stylesheets. This report describes an alternative mechanism for delivery context matching called capability classes (patent pending). This report outlines how to implement capability classes and how they may be applied to various content specialisation techniques such as content transformation, negotiation or generation. It also compares and contrasts capability classes with device classes and media queries.
RT-PCR Without RNA Isolation (1996)

Reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) has traditionally required time-consuming RNA extraction and purification. This report demonstrates that one can completely avoid the RNA extraction step in RT-PCR by basing the comparison of samples on cell number rather than micrograms of total RNA. A new method for lysing cells while preserving RNA is described. RT-PCR is carried out (i) by rapidly freezing cells in the presence of ribonuclease inhibitor (RNase inhibitor) plus dithiothreitol and (ii) by using extracts of 250 or fewer cells directly in the RT-PCR assay. Aldolase mRNA, extracted by freeze-thawing cells in the presence of RNase inhibitor, was found to be stable at 42 degrees C for over three hours. Since the RT step can be completed within 1 h, there is minimal degradation of mRNA. This simple procedure avoids the use of harsh reagents, which may inhibit enzymes involved in RT-PCR, and produces results virtually identical to methods that employ guanidinium thiocyanate and phenol for RNA extraction. Optimized conditions for each parameter of the procedure are described that permit amplification of mRNA from as few as four cells.
A method for generating highly multiplexed ChIP-seq libraries (2014)

We describe an efficient and cost effective method for making barcoded ChIP-seq libraries for sequencing on the Illumina platform.
High Definition Television Compatible Transmission System (1987)

A bi-channel HDTV transmission system has been developed that digitally filters the video signal in accordance with known spatiotemporal properties of the bi-channel visual of system. Differential processing of high and low spatial-frequency information yields several distinct advantages that include: compatibility with existing broadcast systems and improved spatial resolution for both moving and stationary HDTV images with a reduced bandwidth.
Angular multiplexing in pulsed digital holography for aperture synthesis (2008)

A new aperture-synthesis approach in a pulsed digital holography system for obtaining superresolution is proposed and experimentally demonstrated in which, with only a single laser pulse divided into two trains of subpulses, angular multiplexing can be applied to both the reference beam for different carrier frequency and the object beam for off-axis and on-axis illuminations. Furthermore, in the recording plane, multiple subholograms covering different spatial frequency ranges diffracted from the object can be recorded in a single frame of a CCD. Our analysis and results show that the resolution of the reconstructed image synthesized upon the reconstructed complex amplitudes of the subholograms can be improved effectively.
IGF1R- and ROR1-Specific CAR T Cells as a Potential Therapy for High Risk Sarcomas (2015)

Patients with metastatic or recurrent and refractory sarcomas have a dismal prognosis. Therefore, new targeted therapies are urgently needed. This study was designed to evaluate chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells targeting the type I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF1R) or tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) molecules for their therapeutic potential against sarcomas. Here, we report that IGF1R (15/15) and ROR1 (11/15) were highly expressed in sarcoma cell lines including Ewing sarcoma, osteosarcoma, alveolar or embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, and fibrosarcoma. IGF1R and ROR1 CAR T cells derived from eight healthy donors using the Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon system were cytotoxic against sarcoma cells and produced high levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-13 in an antigen-specific manner. IGF1R and ROR1 CAR T cells generated from three sarcoma patients released significant amounts of IFN-γ in response to sarcoma stimulation. The adoptive transfer of IGF1R and ROR1 CAR T cells derived from a sarcoma patient significantly reduced tumor growth in pre-established, systemically disseminated and localized osteosarcoma xenograft models in NSG mice. Infusion of IGF1R and ROR1 CAR T cells also prolonged animal survival in a localized sarcoma model using NOD/scid mice. Our data indicate that both IGF1R and ROR1 can be effectively targeted by SB modified CAR T cells and that such CAR T cells may be useful in the treatment of high risk sarcoma patients.
Accumulation of labelled vitamin B<sub>12</sub> in some transplanted tumours (1968)

Abstract The accumulation of labelled vitamin B 12 in four different kinds of transplanted tumour was studied using whole‐body autoradiography and impulse counting. The tumours were 90 Sr‐induced soft fibroblastic osteosarcomas, spontaneous mammary carcinomas, Ehrlich ascites and Moloney virus‐induced tumours. The 90 Sr‐induced soft sarcoma, which was the most rapidly growing tumour, showed the greatest uptake of radio‐B 12 , the concentration being higher than in any normal tissue. In all tumours the radioactivity was localized to the peripheral, still actively growing parts. It is suggested that a connection exists between growth rate and accumulation of B 12 and that B 12 is needed for rapid cell multiplication.
An androgen-regulated miRNA suppresses Bak1 expression and induces androgen-independent growth of prostate cancer cells (2007)

Although prostate cancer (CaP) is the most frequently diagnosed malignant tumor and the second leading cause of cancer deaths in American men, the mechanisms explaining the development and progression of CaP remain largely unknown. Recent studies have shown that some aberrantly expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in tumorigenesis. Although aberrant expression of certain miRNAs has been discovered in CaP, their function in this disease has not yet been defined. In this study, we found differential expression of miR-125b in androgen-dependent and independent CaP cells, as well as in benign and malignant prostate tissues. Furthermore, androgen signaling was able to up-regulate the expression of miR-125b. In addition, transfection of synthetic miR-125b stimulated androgen-independent growth of CaP cells and down-regulated the expression of Bak1. Our results suggest that miR-125b acts as an oncogene, contributing to the pathogenesis of CaP.
Thrombopoietin Signal Transduction in Purified Murine Megakaryocytes (1997)

Thrombopoietin (TPO) is a recently cloned cytokine that binds to its receptor, Mpl, and promotes hematopoietic expansion and maturation, primarily of the megakaryocyte lineage. The signaling pathways responsible for these events are thought to involve the Janus family of nonreceptor tyrosine kinases (JAKs) and the signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs), which are activated by tyrosine phosphorylation. Previous investigators have studied these molecules in engineered and naturally occurring cell lines. To investigate the molecular basis for TPO signal transduction in a more physiologic target, we determined the pattern of JAK and STAT activation in purified, normal urine megakaryocytes. These results are compared with those of established cell lines that only proliferate (Ba/F3- mMPL and DA-1-TPO) or only differentiate (L8057) in response to TPO. From these findings, a model is proposed to explain the physiologic roles of JAK2, TYK2, STAT3, and STAT5 in TPO signaling. Furthermore, previous studies of the physical interaction between Mpl and the JAKs are extended, showing a difference in the association of JAK2 and TYK2 with the TPO receptor. Finally, we show that, in the cell line Ba/F3-mMPL, the closely related proteins STAT5A and STAT5B are both activated by TPO stimulation and are capable of heterodimerization. Together, these results further our understanding of the early stages of megakaryocyte and platelet development.
Collagen structure and nonlinear susceptibility: Effects of heat, glycation, and enzymatic cleavage on second harmonic signal intensity (2000)

These structural modifications are representative of changes that occur in pathophysiologic conditions such as thermal injury, diabetes, tumor invasion, and abnormal wound healing. The ability to assess these changes rapidly and noninvasively has considerable clinical applicability. SHG analysis might provide a unique tool for monitoring these structural changes of collagen.