gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
AuthPaper: Protecting paper-based documents and credentials using Authenticated 2D barcodes (2015)

All printed documents/credentials are potentially subject to counterfeiting and forgery. Conventional counterfeiting solutions such as watermarking or printing using special-quality paper are not cost-effective. Certification via authorized chops/stamps is low-cost but only provides a false sense of security/ authenticity. To tackle this problem, we propose AuthPaper: a cost-effective, secure solution for authenticating paper-based documents/credentials using off-the-shelf handheld devices such as smartphones and tablets. The key idea is to extend existing 2D barcodes, e.g. the QR code, to carry a large amount of self-describing, and most importantly, authenticated data of all types containing text, image and other binary ones. By embedding the Authenticated 2D barcode as an integral part of a paper-based document, the authenticity of the document can be readily verified by comparing its content with the corresponding digitally-signed content contained in the Authenticated 2D barcode. No online network-access or real-time communication with the document issuer is required during the document verification process. We have built a prototype using Android smartphones to prove that the proposed system is feasible. As shown by measurements, our prototype can accurately create and decode 2D barcodes carrying different sets of document data including images while the increases in processing time and memory usage are negligible.
Cetuximab: Preclinical Evaluation of a Monoclonal Antibody Targeting EGFR for Radioimmunodiagnostic and Radioimmunotherapeutic Applications (2008)

The monoclonal antibody, cetuximab, binds to epidermal growth-factor receptor and thus provides an opportunity to create both imaging and therapies that target this receptor. The potential of cetuximab as a radioimmunoconjugate, using the acyclic bifunctional chelator, CHX-A"-DTPA, was investigated. The pharmacokinetic behavior in the blood was determined in mice with and without tumors. Tumor targeting and scintigraphic imaging were evaluated in mice bearing xenografts of LS-174T (colorectal), SHAW (pancreatic), SKOV3 (ovarian), DU145 (prostate), and HT-29 (colorectal). Excellent tumor targeting was observed in each of the models with peak tumor uptakes of 59.8 +/- 18.1, 22.5 +/- 4.7, 33.3 +/- 5.7, 18.2 +/- 7.8, and 41.7 +/- 10.8 injected dose per gram (%ID/g) at 48-72 hours, respectively. In contrast, the highest tumor %ID/g obtained in mice bearing melanoma (A375) xenografts was 6.3 +/- 1.1 at 72 hours. The biodistribution of (111)In-cetuximab was also evaluated in nontumor-bearing mice. The highest %ID/g was observed in the liver (9.3 +/- 1.3 at 24 hours) and the salivary glands (8.1 +/- 2.8 at 72 hours). Scintigraphy showed excellent tumor targeting at 24 hours. Blood pool was evident, as expected, but cleared over time. At 168 hours, the tumor was clearly discernible with negligible background.
Exacerbation of ulcerative colitis after rituximab salvage therapy (2007)

In contrast to rheumatoid arthritis patients, rituximab had deleterious effects in our UC patient by blocking IL-10 producing B-cells. Our data suggest an important anti- rather than proinflammatory role of B-cells in UC.
Enhanced roll-angle measurement interferometer (2015)

A roll-angle measurement interferometer with good stability and high sensitivity is presented. In the system, two sets of spatial parallel beams with different frequencies are formed with the help of a Koster prism, a corner cube, a quarter-wave plate, a wedge prism, and a wedge mirror. The wedge prism is used for the roll-angle sensing component, the roll of which will cause the changes of the optical path of the two beams with different frequencies. This interferometer complies with the principle of common path which minimizes the dead path; the cross talk of straightness, pitch, and yaw errors are avoided in this specific structure which enhances the stability and precision of the measurement. The experimental result fits well with the theoretical analysis and a measurement resolution of 2 μrad is achieved with an electronic interpolation of 2π/512.
A new approach for the synthesis of some pyrazolo[5,1‐<i>c</i>]triazines and pyrazolo[1,5‐<i>a</i>]pyrimidines containing naphtofuran moiety (2011)

Abstract Naphtho[2,1‐ b ]furan‐2‐yl)(8‐phenylpyrazolo[5,1‐ c ][1,2,4]triazin‐3‐yl)methanone, ([1,2,4]triazolo[3,4‐ c ][1,2,4]triazin‐6‐yl)(naphtho[2,1‐ b ]furan‐2‐yl)methanone, benzo[4,5]imidazo[2,1‐ c ][1,2,4]triazin‐3‐yl‐naphtho[2,1‐ b ]furan‐2‐yl‐methanone, 5‐(naphtho[2,1‐ b ]furan‐2‐yl)pyrazolo[1,5‐ a ]pyrimidine, 7‐(naphtho[2,1‐b]furan‐2‐yl)‐[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐a]pyrimidine, 2‐naphtho[2,1‐ b ]furan‐2‐yl‐benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2‐ a ]pyrimidine, pyridine, and pyrazole derivatives are synthesized from sodium salt of 5‐hydroxy‐1‐naphtho[2,1‐ b ]furan‐2‐ylpropenone and various reagents. The newly synthesized compounds were elucidated by elemental analysis, spectral data, chemical transformation, and alternative synthetic route whenever possible. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2012).
Customizable Pervasive Applications (2006)

Human behavior and housing resist every standardization effort. Many aspects such as different technical equipment, furniture, and usage patterns make our surroundings as individual as ourselves. Thus, the personalization of pervasive applications is a fundamental requirement. To enable the development of custom pervasive applications, we propose a software development process. This process is based on the successful process for modern desktop applications. There, developers create extensible applications and components. Customizers use the resulting artifacts to develop custom applications. Finally, users configure applications to their individual needs by adjusting predefined settings. To adopt this process for pervasive computing, we present a component system for developers, a graphical toolkit for customizers, and self-configuration algorithms to ease the deployment
Role of interleukin‐1, tumor necrosis factor α, and interleukin‐6 in cartilage proteoglycan metabolism and destruction effect of in situ blocking in murine antigen‐ and zymosan‐induced arthritis (1995)

The suppression of PG synthesis in both ZIA and AIA in mice is due to the combined local action of IL-1 (alpha + beta), and neither IL-6 nor TNF is involved. Moreover, the normalization of PG synthesis brought about by blocking of IL-1 ameliorates the cartilage damage associated with AIA.
A URA3‐Promoter Deletion in a pYES Vector Increases the Expression Level of a Fungal Lipase in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (1996)

A simple deletion of the URA3 promoter from a Saccharomyces cerevisiae expression plasmid was performed. The promoter-deleted plasmid is shown to have an increased expression level of a fungal lipase gene. The deletion probably causes a poor expression of the URA3 selection marker, probably resulting in a higher copy number per cell of the plasmid. This higher copy number can increase the transcript level per cell and there by the expression level. In the case of the fungal lipase gene, the expression level with defined inoculum is increased at least three times. The principle is most likely similar to the LEU2d plasmids described previously. A part of the 2-micron origin of the pYES type plasmid was also deleted by the URA3 promoter deletion without affecting transformation frequency. The URA3 promoter can easily be deleted from most pYES type plasmids by the described method.
Khrushchev: Theory into practice (2010)

The campaign outlined in the previous chapter appears to have envisaged a wide ranging attack involving educational, propagandist, administrative and legal means. Party and state bodies were enjoined to carry out various tasks related to reducing the influence of religion, tasks which they performed with varying degrees of enthusiasm, although the strong impulse from the centre ensured that few remained entirely passive. Yet decreeing change was not the same as carrying it out, and a major concern of this chapter is not only with who was instructed to do what but with the question of whether stated goals were achieved. We shall also raise the question of how religious communities responded to the new campaign and, in chapter 4, how did this in turn affect the practice and thinking of state authorities.
Targeting cannabinoid agonists for inflammatory and neuropathic pain (2007)

The cannabinoid receptors CB(1) and CB(2) are class A G-protein-coupled receptors. It is well known that cannabinoid receptor agonists produce relief of pain in a variety of animal models by interacting with cannabinoid receptors. CB(1) receptors are located centrally and peripherally, whereas CB(2) receptors are expressed primarily on immune cells and tissues. A large body of preclinical data supports the hypothesis that either CB(2)-selective agonists or CB(1) agonists acting at peripheral sites, or with limited CNS exposure, will inhibit pain and neuroinflammation without side effects within the CNS. There has been a growing interest in developing cannabinoid agonists. Many new cannabinoid ligands have been synthesized and studied covering a wide variety of novel structural scaffolds. This review focuses on the present development of cannabinoid agonists with an emphasis on selective CB(2) agonists and peripherally restricted CB(1) or CB(1)/CB(2) dual agonists for treatment of inflammatory and neuropathic pain.
Oxidation of Cytosolic Proteins and Expression of Creatine Kinase BB in Frontal Lobe in Different Neurodegenerative Disorders (1999)

The presence of the biomarkers of oxidative damage, protein carbonyl formation and the inactivation of oxidatively sensitive brain creatine kinase (CK BB, cytosolic isoform), were studied in frontal lobe autopsy specimens obtained from patients with different age-related neurodegenerative diseases: Alzheimer's disease (AD), Pick's disease (PkD), diffuse Lewy body disease (DLBD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and age-matched control subjects. The CK activity was significantly reduced in the frontal lobe of AD, PkD and DLBD subjects, and CK BB-specific mRNA was significantly reduced in AD and DLBD. Protein carbonyl content was significantly increased in AD, PkD and DLBD. The results of this study confirm that the presence of biomarkers of oxidative damage is related to the presence of histopathological markers of neurodegeneration. Our data suggest that oxidative damage contributes to the development of the symptoms of frontal dysfunction in AD, PkD and DLBD. The development of frontal dysfunction in idiopathic PD might be secondary to oxidative damage and neuronal loss primarily located in the nigrostriatal system. The results of CK BB expression analysis demonstrate that the loss of the isoenzyme in different neurodegenerative diseases is likely the consequence of its posttranslational modification, possibly oxidative damage. Changes in CK BB expression may be an early indicator of oxidative stress in neurons.
Preemptive Tolerogenic Delivery of Donor Antigens for Permanent Allogeneic Islet Graft Protection (2014)

We have previously developed a robust regimen for tolerance induction in murine models of islet cell transplantation using pre- and posttransplant infusions of donor splenocytes (SPs) treated with a chemical cross-linker ethylcarbodiimide (ECDI). However, the requirement for large numbers of fresh donor SPs for ECDI coupling impairs its clinical feasibility, and additionally, the compatibility of this tolerance regimen with commonly used immunosuppressive drugs is largely unknown. In the current study, we demonstrate that equivalent tolerance efficacy for islet cell transplantation can be successfully achieved not only with a significantly lower dose of ECDI-SPs than originally established but also with culture-expanded donor B-cells or with soluble donor antigens in the form of donor cell lysate, which is ECDI coupled to recipient SPs. We further demonstrate that tolerance induced by donor ECDI-SPs is dependent on a favorable apoptotic-to-necrotic cell ratio post-ECDI coupling and is not affected by a transient course of conventional immunosuppressive drugs including tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil. While splenic antigen-presenting cells of the recipient play an important role in mediating the tolerogenic effects of donor ECDI-SPs, splenectomized recipients can be readily tolerized and appear to employ liver Kupffer cells for uptaking and processing of the ECDI-SPs. We conclude that infusion of donor ECDI-SPs is a versatile tolerance strategy that has a high potential for adaptation to clinically feasible regimens for tolerance trials for human islet cell transplantation.
A Fast-acting, Modular-structured Staphylokinase Fusion with Kringle-1 from Human Plasminogen as the Fibrin-targeting Domain Offers Improved Clot Lysis Efficacy (2003)

To develop a fast-acting clot dissolving agent, a clot-targeting domain derived from the Kringle-1 domain in human plasminogen was fused to the C-terminal end of staphylokinase with a linker sequence in between. Production of this fusion protein in Bacillus subtilis and Pichia pastoris was examined. The Kringle domain in the fusion protein produced from B. subtilis was improperly folded because of its complicated disulfide-bond profile, whereas the staphylokinase domain produced from P. pastoris was only partially active because of an N-linked glycosylation. A change of the glycosylation residue, Thr-30, to alanine resulted in a non-glycosylated biologically active fusion. The resulting mutein, designated SAKM3-L-K1, was overproduced in P. pastoris. Each domain in SAKM3-L-K1 was functional, and this fusion showed fibrin binding ability by binding directly to plasmin-digested clots. In vitro fibrin clot lysis in a static environment and plasma clot lysis in a flow-cell system demonstrated that the engineered fusion outperformed the non-fused staphylokinase. The time required for 50% clot lysis was reduced by 20 to 500% under different conditions. Faster clot lysis can potentially reduce the degree of damage to occluded heart tissues.
Copying Reflection Holograms (1968)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Clark N. Kurtz, "Copying Reflection Holograms," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 58, 856-857 (1968) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
An internal ribosomal entry mechanism promotes translation of murine leukemia virus gag polyprotein precursors (1995)

The genomic retroviral RNA is the messenger for the translation of the gag and pol genes encoding the precursors to the major structural proteins and enzymes, respectively, of the virion core. The long 5' untranslated region, the leader, is formed of independent well-structured domains involved in key steps of the viral life cycle such as the initiation of proviral DNA synthesis, genomic RNA dimerization and packaging, and the initiation of gag translation. These functional features and the presence of stable secondary structures between the cap and the gag initiation codon suggested that translation initiation of gag might proceed through a mechanism different from the canonical ribosome scanning process. Interestingly enough, murine leukemia viruses code also for a glycosylated gag precursor, named glyco-gag, initiated at a CUG codon upstream and in the same open reading frame as the AUGgag. We have investigated the translation initiation of gag and glyco-gag precursors of Friend murine leukemia virus (F-MLV) in the rabbit reticulocyte lysate system and in murine cells. Through site-directed mutagenesis of gag and glyco-gag initiation codons, we show that initiation of gag and glyco-gag synthesis does not utilize the classical ribosome scanning. When poliovirus protease 2A is coexpressed in murine cells, expression of MLV-lacZ RNA is not modified, indicating that translation initiation of MLV gag precursors is a cap-independent mechanism. In addition, the F-MLV leader was inserted between two genes in a dicistronic neo-MLV-lacZ mRNA, and its ability to promote expression was examined in vitro and in vivo. Results obtained demonstrate that an internal ribosome entry mechanism promotes translation of F-MLV gag precursors. This finding led us to construct a new dicistronic retroviral vector in which the F-MLV leader can promote both packaging of recombinant genomic RNA and expression of the 3' gene.
Diverse DNA transposons in rotifers of the class Bdelloidea (2005)

We surveyed the diversity, structural organization, and patterns of evolution of DNA transposons in rotifers of the class Bdelloidea, a group of basal triploblast animals that appears to have evolved for millions of years without sexual reproduction. Representatives of five superfamilies were identified: ITm (IS630/Tc/mariner), hAT, piggyBac, helitron, and foldback. Except for mariners, no fully intact copies were found. Mariners, both intact and decayed, are present in high copy number, and those described here may be grouped in several closely related lineages. Comparisons across lineages show strong evidence of purifying selection, whereas there is little or no evidence of such selection within lineages. This pattern could have resulted from repeated horizontal transfers from an exogenous source, followed by limited intragenomic proliferation, or, less plausibly, from within-host formation of new lineages under host- or element-based selection for function, in either case followed by eventual inactivation and decay. Unexpectedly, the flanking sequences surrounding the majority of mariners are very similar, indicating either insertion specificity or proliferation as part of larger DNA segments. Members of all superfamilies are present near chromosome ends, associated with the apparently domesticated retroelement Athena, in large clusters composed of diverse DNA transposons, often inserted into each other, whereas the examined gene-rich regions are nearly transposon-free.
Activation of pro-(matrix metalloproteinase-2) (pro-MMP-2) by thrombin is membrane-type-MMP-dependent in human umbilical vein endothelial cells and generates a distinct 63 kDa active species (2001)

Thrombin, a critical enzyme in the coagulation cascade, has also been associated with angiogenesis and activation of the zymogen form of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2 or gelatinase-A). We show that thrombin activated pro-MMP-2 in a dose- and time-dependent manner in cultured human umbilical-vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to generate a catalytically active 63kDa protein that accumulated as the predominant form in the conditioned medium. This 63kDa thrombin-activated MMP-2 is distinct from the 62kDa species found following concanavalin A or PMA stimulated pro-MMP-2 activation. Hirudin and leupeptin blocked thrombin-induced pro-MMP-2 activation, demonstrating that the proteolytic activity of thrombin is essential. However, activation was also dependent upon membrane-type-MMP (MT-MMP) action, since it was blocked by EDTA, o-phenanthroline, hydroxamate metalloproteinase inhibitors, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) and TIMP-4, but not TIMP-1. Thrombin inefficiently cleaved recombinant 72kDa pro-MMP-2, but efficiently cleaved the 64kDa MT-MMP-processed intermediate form in the presence of cells. Thrombin also rapidly (within 1h) increased cellular MT-MMP activity, and at longer time points (&amp;gt;6h) it increased expression of MT1-MMP mRNA and protein. Thus signalling via proteinase-activated receptors (PARs) may play a role in thrombin-induced MMP-2 activation, though this does not appear to involve PAR1, PAR2, or PAR4 in HUVECs. These results indicate that in HUVECs the activation of pro-MMP-2 by thrombin involves increased MT-MMP activity and preferential cleavage of the MT-MMP-processed 64kDa MMP-2 form in the presence of cells. The integration of these proteinase systems in the vascular endothelium may be important during thrombogenesis and tissue remodelling associated with neovascularization.
A steep-slope transistor based on abrupt electronic phase transition (2015)

Collective interactions in functional materials can enable novel macroscopic properties like insulator-to-metal transitions. While implementing such materials into field-effect-transistor technology can potentially augment current state-of-the-art devices by providing unique routes to overcome their conventional limits, attempts to harness the insulator-to-metal transition for high-performance transistors have experienced little success. Here, we demonstrate a pathway for harnessing the abrupt resistivity transformation across the insulator-to-metal transition in vanadium dioxide (VO2), to design a hybrid-phase-transition field-effect transistor that exhibits gate controlled steep ('sub-kT/q') and reversible switching at room temperature. The transistor design, wherein VO2 is implemented in series with the field-effect transistor's source rather than into the channel, exploits negative differential resistance induced across the VO2 to create an internal amplifier that facilitates enhanced performance over a conventional field-effect transistor. Our approach enables low-voltage complementary n-type and p-type transistor operation as demonstrated here, and is applicable to other insulator-to-metal transition materials, offering tantalizing possibilities for energy-efficient logic and memory applications.
Enhancement of methotrexate resistance and dihydrofolate reductase gene amplification by treatment of mouse 3T6 cells with hydroxyurea. (1983)

We investigated various parameters associated with the initial selection of mouse 3T6 cells for resistance to single concentrations of methotrexate and characterized resistant colonies for the presence of additional (amplified) copies of the dihydrofolate reductase gene. Our results indicate that the frequency of occurrence of dihydrofolate reductase gene amplification varies with the selecting concentration of methotrexate and is highly variable between clonally derived sublines of mouse 3T6 cells. Second, we increased the frequency of occurrence of cells with amplified dihydrofolate reductase genes by transiently inhibiting DNA synthesis with hydroxyurea before the selection of cells in single concentrations of methotrexate. This effect was dependent on the concentration of hydroxyurea, the time of exposure to the drug, and the time interval between the removal of hydroxyurea and the selection of cells in methotrexate.
Design and acoustic characterization of a multi-frequency harmonic array for nonlinear contrast imaging (2002)

Two novel ultrasound multi-frequency harmonic transducer arrays (MFHA's) for contrast enhanced second harmonic (HI) and subharmonic (SHI) imaging have been designed. Each consisted of 3 multi-element piezo-composite sub-arrays (A, B & C) mounted in an arch with a common mechanical focus of 5 cm. The sub-arrays were constructed so the center frequencies were 4f/sub A/=2f/sub B/=f/sub C/ (2.5/5.0/10.0 MHz and 1.75/3.5/7.0 MHz). This enabled SHI by transmitting on sub-array C receiving on B and, similarly, from B to A as well as HI by transmitting on A receiving on B and, likewise, from B to C. Transmit and receive pressure levels of the arrays were measured. Following contrast administration, in vitro HI and SHI S/N ratios of up to 40 dB were obtained. In conclusion, the special design of the MFHA produced S/N ratios for HI and SHI comparable to that of regular B-mode and better than commercially available HI systems.