gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies detect a new type of post-translational modification of axonemal tubulin (1995)

Polyclonal (PAT) and monoclonal (AXO 49) antibodies against Paramecium axonemal tubulin were used as probes to reveal tubulin heterogeneity. The location, the nature and the subcellular distribution of the epitopes recognized by these antibodies were, respectively, determined by means of: (i) immunoblotting on peptide maps of Paramecium, sea urchin and quail axonemal tubulins; (ii) immunoblotting on ciliate tubulin fusion peptides generated in E. coli to discriminate antibodies directed against sequential epitopes (reactive) from post-translational ones (non reactive); and (iii) immunofluorescence on Paramecium cells, using throughout an array of antibodies directed against tubulin sequences and post-translational modifications as references. AXO 49 monoclonal antibody and PAT serum were both shown to recognize epitopes located near the carboxyl-terminal end of both subunits of Paramecium axonemal tubulin, whereas the latter recognized additional epitopes in alpha-tubulin; AXO 49 and a fraction of the PAT serum proved to be unreactive over fusion proteins; both PAT and AXO 49 labelled a restricted population of very stable microtubules in Paramecium, consisting of axonemal and cortical ones, and their reactivity was sequentially detected following microtubule assembly; finally, both antibodies stained two upward spread bands in Paramecium axonemal tubulin separated by SDS-PAGE, indicating the recognition of various alpha- and beta-tubulin isoforms displaying different apparent molecular masses. These data, taken as a whole, definitely establish that PAT and AXO 49 recognize a post-translational modification occurring in axonemal microtubules of protozoa as of metazoa. This modification appears to be distinct from the previously known ones, and all the presently available evidence indicates that it corresponds to the very recently discovered polyglycylation of Paramecium axonemal alpha- and beta-tubulin.
Fullerene-Like (IF) Nb<i><sub>x</sub></i>Mo<sub>1</sub><sub>-</sub><i><sub>x</sub></i>S<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticles (2007)

IF-Mo1-xNbxS2 nanoparticles have been synthesized by a vapor-phase reaction involving the respective metal halides with H2S. The IF-Mo1-xNbxS2 nanoparticles, containing up to 25% Nb, were characterized by a variety of experimental techniques. Analysis of the powder X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and different electron microscopy techniques shows that the majority of the Nb atoms are organized as nanosheets of NbS2 within the MoS2 host lattice. Most of the remaining Nb atoms (3%) are interspersed individually and randomly in the MoS2 host lattice. Very few Nb atoms, if any, are intercalated between the MoS2 layers. A sub-nanometer film of niobium oxide seems to encoat the majority of the nanoparticles. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in the chemically resolved electrical measurement mode (CREM) and scanning probe microscopy measurements of individual nanoparticles show that the mixed IF nanoparticles are metallic independent of the substitution pattern of the Nb atoms in the lattice of MoS2 (whereas unsubstituted IF-MoS2 nanoparticles are semiconducting). Furthermore the IF-Mo1-xNbxS2 nanoparticles are found to exhibit interesting single electron tunneling effects at low temperatures.
Tuning the structure and function of metal–organic frameworks via linker design (2014)

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are constructed from metal ions/clusters coordinated by organic linkers (or bridging-ligands). The hallmark of MOFs is their permanent porosity, which is frequently found in MOFs constructed from metal-clusters. These clusters are often formed in situ, whereas the linkers are generally pre-formed. The geometry and connectivity of a linker dictate the structure of the resulting MOF. Adjustments of linker geometry, length, ratio, and functional-group can tune the size, shape, and internal surface property of a MOF for a targeted application. In this critical review, we highlight advances in MOF synthesis focusing on linker design. Examples of building MOFs to reach unique properties, such as unprecedented surface area, pore aperture, molecular recognition, stability, and catalysis, through linker design are described. Further search for application-oriented MOFs through judicious selection of metal clusters and organic linkers is desirable. In this review, linkers are categorized as ditopic (Section 1), tritopic (Section 2), tetratopic (Section 3), hexatopic (Section 4), octatopic (Section 5), mixed (Section 6), desymmetrized (Section 7), metallo (Section 8), and N-heterocyclic linkers (Section 9).
Seamless multi-projector display on curved screens (2003)

We describe a new technique to display seamless images using overlapping projectors on curved surfaces. Our method addresses issues such as automatic registration, smooth intensity blending and efficient rendering. Previous techniques for automatically registered seamless displays have focused mainly on planar displays. Techniques for curved screens currently involve cumbersome manual alignment to make the installation conform to the intended design.
Emollient foam in topical drug delivery (2006)

Foams offer an innovative and more convenient means of topical drug delivery. The successful introduction of hydroalcoholic foams paved the way for the development of a new generation of foam products that provide skin barrier build-up and hydration. Such foams, designated as emollient foams consist of oil-in-water or water-in-oil emulsions with necessary excipients, such as non-ionic surfactants, gelling agents and foam adjuvants. Emollient foams can carry a broad variety of topical drugs, including water-soluble, oil-soluble and suspended active agents. This paper reviews emollient foam compositions and their physicochemical properties. It further accounts for the usability and functional advantages of emollient foam as a vehicle of topical drugs, including: i) improved usability, which affects treatment, compliance and, consequently, improves therapeutic results; ii) safety; iii) controllable drug delivery; iv) skin barrier build-up and hydration; and v) enhanced clinical efficacy.
A hierarchical unsupervised growing neural network for clustering gene expression patterns (2001)

A server running the program can be found at: http://bioinfo.cnio.es/sotarray.
Long-Term Results of Anterior Sphincteroplasty (2004)

Only 40 percent of patients maintain fecal continence long-term after sphincteroplasty. Older patients and patients with poorer short-term function are more likely to have fecal incontinence at ten years. Incontinence at ten years had a negative effect on quality of life. Further research is needed to develop techniques to improve long-term continence in these patients.
Identification of the Major Brown Shrimp &lt;i&gt;(Penaeus aztecus)&lt;/i&gt; Allergen as the Muscle Protein Tropomyosin (1994)

Shrimp, a major seafood allergen, was investigated as a model food allergen. Extracts from both shrimp (Penaeus aztecus) meat and cooking fluid contain a substantial and similar amount of allergenic activity. A 36-kD allergen, demonstrated in both extracts by SDS-PAGE/Western blot analysis, reacted with 28/34 (82%) sera from shrimp-sensitive, skin test and RAST-positive, individuals. This allergen, named Pen a I, was isolated by SDS-PAGE; its amino acid composition was rich in aspartic and glutamic acids. A 21-residue peptide, obtained from endoproteinase Lys-C digested Pen a I by high-performance liquid chromatography, demonstrated significant homology (60-87%) with the muscle protein tropomyosin from various species and origins. The greatest homology (87%) was noted with tropomyosin of the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) reflecting the phylogenic relationship between these two arthropods. These studies demonstrate that tropomyosin is the major shrimp allergen. Although the amino acid sequence of this shrimp muscle protein shares considerable homology with tropomyosins of other species including man, significant differences remain in allergenic activity.
Mikroelektronika: sistem digital dan rangkaian analog Jilid 1(Microelectronics: Digital and Analog Circuits and Systems) (1986)

Bagian I : Karakteristik Peralatan Semikonduktor
- Semikonduktor
- Karakteristik Hubungan-Dioda
- Karakteristik Transistor Bipolar
- Rangkaian Terpadu : Fabrikasi dan Karakteristik

Bagian 2 : Rangkaian dan Sistem Digital
- Rangkaian Digital
- Sistem Digital Kombinasional
- Sistem Digital Berurutan
- Transistor Pengaruh-Magnet (FET)
- Sistem Perpaduan Skala-Besar
Structure, function and regulation of P-glycoprotein and its clinical relevance in drug disposition (2008)

1. P-glycoprotein (P-gp/MDR1), one of the most clinically important transmembrane transporters in humans, is encoded by the ABCB1/MDR1 gene. Recent insights into the structural features of P-gp/MDR1 enable a re-evaluation of the biochemical evidence on the binding and transport of drugs by P-gp/MDR1. 2. P-gp/MDR1 is found in various human tissues in addition to being expressed in tumours cells. It is located on the apical surface of intestinal epithelial cells, bile canaliculi, renal tubular cells, and placenta and the luminal surface of capillary endothelial cells in the brain and testes. 3. P-gp/MDR1 confers a multi-drug resistance (MDR) phenotype to cancer cells that have developed resistance to chemotherapy drugs. P-gp/MDR1 activity is also of great clinical importance in non-cancer-related drug therapy due to its wide-ranging effects on the absorption and excretion of a variety of drugs. 4. P-gp/MDR1 excretes xenobiotics such as cytotoxic compounds into the gastrointestinal tract, bile and urine. It also participates in the function of the blood-brain barrier. 5. One of the most interesting characteristics of P-gp/MDR1 is that its many substrates vary greatly in their structure and functionality, ranging from small molecules such as organic cations, carbohydrates, amino acids and some antibiotics to macromolecules such as polysaccharides and proteins. 6. Quite a number of single nucleotide polymorphisms have been found for the MDR1 gene. These single nucleotide polymorphisms are associated with altered oral bioavailability of P-gp/MDR1 substrates, drug resistance, and a susceptibility to some human diseases. 7. Altered P-gp/MDR1 activity due to induction and/or inhibition can cause drug-drug interactions with altered drug pharmacokinetics and response. 8. Further studies are warranted to explore the physiological function and pharmacological role of P-gp/MDR1.
Efficacy of beta-lactam antibiotics combined with gentamicin against penicillin-resistant pneumococcal pneumonia in CBA/J mice (1999)

We examined the efficacy of gentamicin combined with beta-lactam antibiotics against penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (PRSP) in a noncompromised mouse model of pneumonia. In the presence of 8 mg/L (0.25 x MIC) and 16 mg/L (0.5 x MIC) of gentamicin, MICs of penicillin G against 23 strains of PRSP decreased from 1-4 mg/L to 0.03 mg/L in 14 (61%) and 23 strains (100%), respectively. A short-time killing study using strain 741 showed that 8 mg/L of gentamicin (0.25 x MIC) increased the killing activity of penicillin G, cefotaxime and imipenem (at 0.25, 1 and 4 x MIC) during a 6 h incubation period. Survival studies showed that the combined treatment of penicillin-G (160 mg/kg) and gentamicin (10 mg/kg), which commenced 2 days after infection (twice a day for 5 days), provided complete protection, while no animal survived when either antibiotic was used alone. A significant improvement in mortality was observed when a small dose of imipenem (2.5 and 10 mg/kg) was used with gentamicin. Our results suggest that gentamicin, when combined with beta-lactam antibiotics, especially imipenem, may be potentially useful against PRSP pneumonia in noncompromised individuals.
Eye Gaze for Attention Prediction in Multimodal Human-Machine Conversation (2007)

Clostridium difficile is a major cause of antibiotic associated diarrhea. Recently, we have shown that effective protection can be mediated in hamsters through the inclusion of specific recombinant fragments from toxin A and B in a systemically delivered vaccine. Interestingly while neutralizing antibodies to the binding domains of both toxin A and B are moderately protective, enhanced survival is observed when fragments from the glucosyltransferase region of toxin B replace those from the binding domain of this toxin. In this addendum, we discuss additional information that has been derived from such vaccination studies. This includes observations on efficacy and cross-protection against different ribotypes mediated by these vaccines and the challenges that remain for a vaccine which prevents clinical symptoms but not colonization. The use and value of vaccination both in the prevention of infection and for treatment of disease relapse will be discussed.
HOGWILD!: A Lock-Free Approach to Parallelizing Stochastic Gradient Descent (2011)

Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) is a popular algorithm that can achieve state-of-the-art performance on a variety of machine learning tasks. Several researchers have recently proposed schemes to parallelize SGD, but all require performance-destroying memory locking and synchronization. This work aims to show using novel theoretical analysis, algorithms, and implementation that SGD can be implemented without any locking. We present an update scheme called HOGWILD! which allows processors access to shared memory with the possibility of overwriting each other's work. We show that when the associated optimization problem is sparse, meaning most gradient updates only modify small parts of the decision variable, then HOGWILD! achieves a nearly optimal rate of convergence. We demonstrate experimentally that HOGWILD! outperforms alternative schemes that use locking by an order of magnitude.
Born-Infeld black holes in (A)dS spaces (2004)

We study some exact solutions in a $D(\ensuremath{\ge}4)$-dimensional Einstein-Born-Infeld theory with a cosmological constant. These solutions are asymptotically de Sitter or anti-de Sitter, depending on the sign of the cosmological constant. Black hole horizon and cosmological horizon in these spacetimes can be a positive, zero or negative constant curvature hypersurface. We discuss the thermodynamics associated with black hole horizon and cosmological horizon. In particular we find that for the Born-Infeld black holes with Ricci flat or hyperbolic horizon in AdS space, they are always thermodynamically stable, and that for the case with a positive constant curvature, there is a critical value for the Born-Infeld parameter, above which the black hole is also always thermodynamically stable, and below which a unstable black hole phase appears. In addition, we show that although the Born-Infeld electrodynamics is nonlinear, both black hole horizon entropy and cosmological horizon entropy can be expressed in terms of the Cardy-Verlinde formula. We also find a factorized solution in the Einstein-Born-Infeld theory, which is a direct product of two constant curvature spaces: one is a two-dimensional de Sitter or anti-de Sitter space, the other is a ($D\ensuremath{-}2$)-dimensional positive, zero or negative constant curvature space.
Transcription factor haploinsufficiency: when half a loaf is not enough (2002)

Two articles in this issue of the JCI (1, 2) describe haploinsufficiency of the transcription factor Nkx2-1 (also known as TTF1) as the cause of a heretofore unrecognized human syndrome characterized by neurological, thyroid, and pulmonary dysfunction.Definition of the disorder and elucidation of its cause is a real tribute to the astute clinicians who looked beyond unusual laboratory values and carefully considered the multisystem manifestations in very young patients.Affected infants had elevated levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone, and indeed some were identified by neonatal screening protocols; but this was not typical hypothyroidism, since serum thyroxine (T4) levels were normal in several infants.CNS findings were prominent but pleiotropic, including microcephaly, basal ganglia malformations, choreoathetosis, ataxia, muscular hypotonia, and developmental delays.Pulmonary problems further complicated the presentation, and symptoms ranged from neonatal, sometimes lethal respiratory distress syndromes to severe recurrent infections.While management of each individual phenotype undoubtedly consumed considerable medical attention, recognition of the composite clinical triad, CNS, thyroid, and pulmonary disease, provided the critical foothold that ultimately solved this medical mystery.Comparable multisystem deficits had been described in homozygous Nkx2-1null mice (3), which prompted genetic analyses of the human homologue NKX2.1 (also referred to as TTF1, T1TF1, and T/EBP) in these patients.Definition of mutations in NKX2.1 elucidated the molecular basis for this novel clinical triad and further indicated transcription factor haploinsufficiency as the basis for yet another human syndrome.
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy: Pathogenesis and effects on the ageing and Alzheimer brain (2003)

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a feature of ageing and Alzheimer's disease (AD); it is also associated with intracerebral hemorrhage and stroke. Here, the pathogenesis of CAA and its effects on the brain are reviewed and the possible effects of CAA on therapies for Alzheimer's disease are evaluated. Tracer experiments in animals and observations on human brains suggest that peptides such as A beta are eliminated along the peri-arterial interstitial fluid drainage pathways that are effectively the lymphatics of the brain. In CAA, A beta becomes entrapped in drainage pathways in the walls of cerebral arteries, reflecting a failure of elimination of A beta from the ageing brain. One consequence of failure in clearance of A beta is accumulation of soluble and insoluble A beta associated with cognitive decline in AD. Replacement of vascular smooth muscle cells by A beta occurs in severe CAA with weakening of artery walls and increased risk of vessel rupture and intracerebral hemorrhage. Risk factors for CAA include mutations of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene and possession of the epsilon 4 allele of apolipoprotein E. There is also evidence that cerebrovascular disease may be a factor in the failure of elimination of A beta along perivascular pathways in sporadic AD; this would link ageing in cerebral arteries with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. If therapeutic agents, including anti-A beta antibodies, are to be used to eliminate A beta in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, the effects of CAA on the treatment and the effects of the treatment on the CAA need to be considered.
Redes de proteccion alimentaria y programas relacionados (2002)

This paper discusses the range of food-based transfers that are typically used in social safety net programs. The authors have tried to provide guidance as to the appropriate context for different kinds of programs, the necessary operational considerations in implementing them, and reasonable expectations for their effectiveness in achieving a variety of objectives. Safety net programs have the goal of assuring household income, either directly or through the provision of goods and services. However, food-based programs are usually implemented with other goals in mind, related to dietary adequacy, nutrition and health and to the increased use of social services that contribute to human capital formation. The programs discussed here include the direct provision of food and the provision of benefits that are linked to food. Because of the potential costs and distortions involved in using food-based programs, cash-based programs may be considered as the benchmark against which food-based programs should be judged. It is very difficult to generalize about the effectiveness or cost-effectiveness of different kinds of food-based safety net programs because the details of implementation-such as the size of the transfer or wage, its specific composition, the target group reached, and the severity of the problem addressed-vary so widely. It is these details, not only the choice of program, that determine both cost and impact.
Laboratory evaluation of sodium silicate for zonal isolation (2011)

A common problem for maturing oil fields is excessive water production. Ultimate oil recovery could be increased considerably by implementing an appropriate water production management. Solutions for managing excess water production may include the use of smart-well completions, downhole water separation and disposal, as well as mechanical and chemical means of delaying, reducing or shutting off excess water production. As such, an in-depth placement of blocking agent can reduce water influx in the borehole and contribute to lower water cut and, thus, extend the lifetime of an oil production well. \nLow impact on the environment revitalized sodium silicate systems in the oil industry for zonal isolation. This thesis focuses on the laboratory evaluation of sodium silicate as zonal isolation chemical for water control applications. Sodium silicate solution forms gel when pH is reduced below 11. For pH control, two different crosslinkers (HCl and glyoxal) were used in this work. Gelation time and strength of the formed gel play an important role in designing successful water shutoff treatment in a field trial. Gelation time is defined as the time required for the gel to become rigid. Gelation codes are introduced to distinguish the macroscopic changes of the gel. \nThis thesis also discusses the parameters affecting gelation time for gels formed by crosslinking sodium silicate with glyoxal. These parameters are: sodium silicate and glyoxal concentrations, temperature, salinity and presence of divalent ions in the makeup water. It is shown that gelation time is reduced for increased sodium silicate and glyoxal concentrations. NaCl and CaCl2 act as catalysts and decrease gelation time. A more rapid gelation was observed at higher temperatures. \nAcoustoSizer from Colloidal Dynamics was tested to determine particle size distribution for sodium silicate crosslinked with HCl. Results showed that the AcoustoSizer underestimates particle diameter for polymerizing particles and, therefore, further testing was abandoned. \nFinally, gel strength is studied and expressed as the applied pressure drop required to compromise the gel’s integrity in a testing tube. Sodium silicate gels’ strength, formed using various crosslinker (HCl and glyoxal) concentrations, is tested at different temperatures. \nPressure tests have shown that stronger gels could be created using higher glyoxal concentrations. An increase in sodium silicate or HCl concentrations only slightly increases gel strength.
Sleep/Wake Patterns of Breast-Fed Infants in the First 2 Years of Life (1986)

Published norms for infant sleep/wake patterns during the first 2 years of life include an increase in length of maximum sleep bout from four to five to eight to ten hours by 4 months but little decrease in total sleep in 24 hours from 13 to 15 hours. Thirty-two breast-fed infants were followed for 2 years and data collected on 24-hour patterns of nursing and sleep. Infants who were breast-fed into the second year did not develop sleep/wake patterns in conformance with the norms. Instead of having long unbroken night sleep, they continued to sleep in short bouts with frequent wakings. Their total sleep in 24 hours was less than that of weaned infants. This pattern was most pronounced in infants who both nursed and shared a bed with the mother, common practices in many nonwestern cultures. The sleep/wake development accepted as the physiologic norm may be attributable to the early weaning and separated sleeping practiced in western culture. As prolonged breast-feeding becomes more popular in our society, the norms of sleep/wake patterns in infancy will have to be revised.