gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Green Fluorescent Protein Labeling of Cytoskeletal Structures—Novel Targeting Approach Based on Leucine Zippers (1998)

Green fluorescent protein (GFP) is a valuable marker for intracellular protein localization. However the fusion of GFP with structural proteins can alter their properties, resulting in a loss of fusion protein localization, decreased GFP fluorescence or both. We describe a novel targeting approach based on noncovalent heterodimerization of GFP and cytoplasmic structural proteins. The formation of structural protein/GFP complexes was mediated by modified leucine zipper protein spacers designed to form high-affinity heterodimers. The complexes localized accurately to specific sites within cells, providing selective fluorescence labeling of subcellular structures such as microfilaments or focal contacts.
Chemically Etched Open Tubular and Monolithic Emitters for Nanoelectrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (2006)

We have developed a new procedure for fabricating fused-silica emitters for electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) in which the end of a bare fused-silica capillary is immersed into aqueous hydrofluoric acid, and water is pumped through the capillary to prevent etching of the interior. Surface tension causes the etchant to climb the capillary exterior, and the etch rate in the resulting meniscus decreases as a function of distance from the bulk solution. Etching continues until the silica touching the hydrofluoric acid reservoir is completely removed, essentially stopping the etch process. The resulting emitters have no internal taper, making them much less prone to clogging compared to, e.g., pulled emitters. The high aspect ratios and extremely thin walls at the orifice facilitate very low flow rate operation; stable ESI-MS signals were obtained for model analytes from 5-microm-diameter emitters at a flow rate of 5 nL/min with a high degree of interemitter reproducibility. In extensive evaluation, the etched emitters were found to enable approximately four times as many LC-MS analyses of proteomic samples before failing compared with conventional pulled emitters. The fabrication procedure was also employed to taper the ends of polymer monolith-containing silica capillaries for use as ESI emitters. In contrast to previous work, the monolithic material protrudes beyond the fused-silica capillaries, improving the monolith-assisted electrospray process.
Evidence for fullerene in a coal of Yunnan, Southwestern China (1997)

In two types of coal from a coal mine in Yunnan Province, Southwestern China, the presence of fullerene is confirmed. The fullerene had been suggested earlier by its characteristic infrared absorption spectrum. The present work reports verification by a high performance liquid chromatograph. A critical step leading to the confirmation is in the process of preparation of the liquid solution from the coal for chromatography and this is described. Possible conditions for the search of natural fullerenes are suggested.
Twin MONOS cell with dual control gates (2002)

A new twin MONOS cell for high density, high speed and low power program is presented having a proposed hard bit density of 3F/sup 2/ and soft-bit density of 1.5 F/sup 2/ with 2-bit multilevel storage, program speed of <1 usec and program current of /spl sim/10 uA/cell.
Divide and concur: A general approach to constraint satisfaction (2008)

Many difficult computational problems involve the simultaneous satisfaction of multiple constraints that are individually easy to satisfy. These constraints might be derived from measurements (as in tomography or diffractive imaging), interparticle interactions (as in spin glasses), or a combination of sources (as in protein folding). We present a simple geometric framework to express and solve such problems and apply it to two benchmarks. In the first application (3SAT, a Boolean satisfaction problem), the resulting method exhibits similar performance scaling as a leading context-specific algorithm (WALKSAT). In the second application (sphere packing), the method allowed us to find improved solutions to some old and well-studied optimization problems. Based upon its simplicity and observed efficiency, we argue that this framework provides a competitive alternative to stochastic methods such as simulated annealing.
New Aspects of the Skin Barrier Organization (2001)

In the superficial layer of the skin, the stratum corneum (SC), the lipids form two crystalline lamellar phases with periodicities of 6.4 and 13.4 nm (long-periodicity phase). The main lipid classes in SC are ceramides, free fatty acids and cholesterol. Studies with mixtures prepared with isolated ceramides revealed that cholesterol and ceramides are very important for the formation of the lamellar phases, and the presence of ceramide 1 is crucial for the formation of the long-periodicity phase. This observation and the broad-narrow-broad sequence of lipid layers in the 13.4-nm phase led us to propose a molecular model for this phase. This consists of one narrow central lipid layer with fluid domains on both sides of a broad layer with a crystalline structure. This model is referred to as 'the sandwich model'. While the presence of free fatty acids does not substantially affect the lipid lamellar organization, it is crucial for the formation of the orthorhombic sublattice, since the addition of free fatty acids to cholesterol/ceramide mixtures results in transition from a hexagonal to a crystalline lipid phase. Studies examining lipid organization in SC derived from dry or lamellar X-linked ichthyosis skin revealed that in native tissue the role of ceramide 1 and free fatty acids is similar to that observed with mixtures prepared with isolated SC lipids. From this we conclude that the results obtained with lipid mixtures can be used to predict the SC lipid organization in native tissue.
High-efficiency multijunction solar cells employing dilute nitrides (2012)

Solar Junction has developed a set of dilute nitride compound semiconductors with antimony that offer tunable absorption between the GaAs and Ge bandedges, while retaining lattice matching to GaAs or Ge substrates. By replacing the Ge junction in a conventional triple junction solar cell with a GaInNAsSb junction, world record cell efficiencies of 43.5% have been achieved, and CPV module efficiencies (DC) exceeding 35% may now be possible in the near future.
Laparoscopic Repair of Ventral and Incisional Hernias Using a New Composite Mesh (Parietex) (2001)

Ventral hernia repair is still a difficult problem for surgeons because of the high recurrence rate and possible postoperative complications. Repairs with a prosthesis have reduced the recurrence rate, but the anterior approach still involves high morbidity and a long hospital stay. The purpose of this article was to evaluate the results of laparoscopic surgery on ventral hernias using a new double-layer mesh in an intra-abdominal position. A retrospective analysis was performed of the first 20 patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery for ventral hernia (75% incisional and 25% umbilical) with intra-abdominal prosthetic repair using a double-layer mesh consisting of three-dimensional multifiber polyester on one side and a hydrophilic resorbable nonstick collagen membrane on the other (Parietex composite, Sofradim, Villefranche sur Saone, France). The procedure was done on an outpatient basis in 85% of the cases. There was no morbidity or mortality. During a mean follow-up period of 10 months we found no infections, rejections, fistulas, recurrences, or alterations in bowel function. Laparoscopic repair of ventral hernias is an efficient alternative to open repair, with a low morbidity rate and short hospital stay. The double-layer mesh is safe for intra-abdominal use.
Improved adsorption energetics within density-functional theory using revised Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof functionals (1999)

A simple formulation of a generalized gradient approximation for the exchange and correlation energy of electrons has been proposed by Perdew, Burke, and Ernzerhof (PBE) [Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 3865 (1996)]. Subsequently Zhang and Yang [Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 890 (1998)] have shown that a slight revision of the PBE functional systematically improves the atomization energies for a large database of small molecules. In the present work, we show that the Zhang and Yang functional (revPBE) also improves the chemisorption energetics of atoms and molecules on transition-metal surfaces. Our test systems comprise atomic and molecular adsorption of oxygen, CO, and NO on Ni(100), Ni(111), Rh(100), Pd(100), and Pd(111) surfaces. As the revPBE functional may locally violate the Lieb-Oxford criterion, we further develop an alternative revision of the PBE functional, RPBE, which gives the same improvement of the chemisorption energies as the revPBE functional at the same time as it fulfills the Lieb-Oxford criterion locally.
Electrochemical Characterization of Polyelectrolyte/Gold Nanoparticle Multilayers Self-Assembled on Gold Electrodes (2005)

Polyelectrolyte/gold nanoparticle multilayers composed of poly(l-lysine) (pLys) and mercaptosuccinic acid (MSA) stabilized gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) were built up using the electrostatic layer-by-layer self-assembly technique upon a gold electrode modified with a first layer of MSA. The assemblies were characterized using UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, cyclic and square-wave voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Charge transport through the multilayer was studied experimentally as well as theoretically by using two different redox pairs [Fe(CN)(6)](3-/4-) and [Ru(NH(3))(6)](3+/2+). This paper reports a large sensitivity to the charge of the outermost layer for the permeability of these assemblies to the probe ions. With the former redox pair, dramatic changes in the impedance response were obtained for thin multilayers each time a new layer was deposited. In the latter case, the multilayer behaves as a conductor exhibiting a strikingly lower impedance response, the electric current being enhanced as more layers are added for Au NP terminated multilayers. These results are interpreted quite satisfactorily by means of a capillary membrane model that encompasses the wide variety of behaviors observed. It is concluded that nonlinear slow diffusion through defects (pinholes) in the multilayer is the governing mechanism for the [Fe(CN)(6)](3-/4-) species, whereas electron transfer through the Au NPs is the dominant mechanism in the case of the [Ru(NH(3))(6)](3+/2+) pair.
Data Insertion in Bitcoin's Blockchain (2018)

This paper provides the first comprehensive survey of methods for inserting arbitrary data into Bitcoin’s blockchain. Historical methods of data insertion are described, along with lesser-known techniques that are optimized for efficiency. Insertion methods are compared on the basis of efficiency, cost, convenience of data reconstruction, permanence, and potentially negative impact on the Bitcoin ecosystem.
Extensive Diversity of Ionizing-Radiation-Resistant Bacteria Recovered from Sonoran Desert Soil and Description of Nine New Species of the Genus<i>Deinococcus</i>Obtained from a Single Soil Sample (2005)

The ionizing-radiation-resistant fractions of two soil bacterial communities were investigated by exposing an arid soil from the Sonoran Desert and a nonarid soil from a Louisiana forest to various doses of ionizing radiation using a (60)Co source. The numbers of surviving bacteria decreased as the dose of gamma radiation to which the soils were exposed increased. Bacterial isolates surviving doses of 30 kGy were recovered from the Sonoran Desert soil, while no isolates were recovered from the nonarid forest soil after exposure to doses greater than 13 kGy. The phylogenetic diversities of the surviving culturable bacteria were compared for the two soils using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. In addition to a bacterial population that was more resistant to higher doses of ionizing radiation, the diversity of the isolates was greater in the arid soil. The taxonomic diversity of the isolates recovered was found to decrease as the level of ionizing-radiation exposure increased. Bacterial isolates of the genera Deinococcus, Geodermatophilus, and Hymenobacter were still recovered from the arid soil after exposure to doses of 17 to 30 kGy. The recovery of large numbers of extremely ionizing-radiation-resistant bacteria from an arid soil and not from a nonarid soil provides further ecological support for the hypothesis that the ionizing-radiation resistance phenotype is a consequence of the evolution of other DNA repair systems that protect cells against commonly encountered environmental stressors, such as desiccation. The diverse group of bacterial strains isolated from the arid soil sample included 60 Deinococcus strains, the characterization of which revealed nine novel species of this genus.
Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of NS6 gene of Rice grassy stunt virus (2003)

The nonstructural protein encoded by Rice grassy stunt virus (RGSV) RNA6 vRNA was found in large amount in infected rice tissues. Therefore the plant expression vector pCBTNSv6 harboring NS6 gene of RGSV was transformed into the calli of rice by Agrobacterium mediation. After selection and regeneration, transgenic plants were obtained. PCR and southern blotting analysis showed that the NS6 gene was integrated into the rice genome. By Agrobacteriummediated method, NS6 gene was transformed into varieties, which were different in resistance to RGSV. The methods were optimized, and the important factors which influence transformation including tissueculture condition, variety explants were studied. Immature embryos of different rice varieties precultured for 4 d were infected and transformed with Agrobacterium LBA4404. The resistant calli were transferred into the differentiation medium and transformed plants were regenerated. The efficiencies of transformation and transgenic plant regeneration varied greatly with varieties. Adding acetosyringone (As) into cocultivation medium could raise the transformation frequency. The stable transformation efficiency reached 35%, which was measured as numbers of Geneticin (G418)resistant calli produced. Some G418resistant plants were obtained, but no Kanresistant plant regeneration was observed.
Derivatives and analogs of 6-mercaptopurine ribonucleotide (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDerivatives and analogs of 6-mercaptopurine ribonucleotideH. Jeanette Thomas and John A. MontgomeryCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1968, 11, 1, 44–48Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00307a009https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00307a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views85Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Motorcycle modeling for high-performance maneuvering (2006)

Producing a high-performance motorcycle prototype entails extensive engineering in which virtual prototyping plays an important role by reducing the number of physical tests that need to be performed during the design process. High-performance motorcycle maneuvering required in racing competitions is discussed. Various constraints that limit the performance of a motorcycle are focused upon. Motorcycle features - including engine power, tire forces, and wheelie and stoppie maneuvers - are reviewed. An algorithm for finding the minimum-time trajectory for a constrained 1DOF vehicle model is developed. This model is a point-mass vehicle constrained to follow a given path and subject to accelerations representative of more general vehicles. Examination of the idealized situation clarifies the dynamic features needed to find the minimum-time velocity profile. A detailed nonholonomic motorcycle model capturing gross vehicle motion and the associated contact forces is presented. A quasi-steady technique for approximating the velocity constraint and acceleration limits that are in play for the vehicle at each location along the desired path is developed. From the information obtained, an approximately optimal velocity profile is constructed and used to build an approximate motorcycle trajectory
Electrotherapy on Cancer: Experiment and Mathematical Modeling (2011)

Ana Elisa Bergues Pupo1, Rolando Placeres Jimenez2 and Luis Enrique Bergues Cabrales3 1Universidad de Oriente, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matematicas, Departamento de Fisica, Patricio Lumumba s/n, Santiago de Cuba 2Departamento de Fisica, Universidade Federal Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos-SP, 3Universidad de Oriente, Centro Nacional de Electromagnetismo Aplicado, Departamento de Investigaciones, Ave. Las Americas s/n, Santiago de Cuba 1,3Cuba 2Brasil
Neural system identification model of human sound localization (2000)

This paper examines the role of biological constraints in the human auditory localization process. A psychophysical and neural system modeling approach was undertaken in which performance comparisons between competing models and a human subject explore the relevant biologically plausible "realism constraints." The directional acoustical cues, upon which sound localization is based, were derived from the human subject's head-related transfer functions (HRTFs). Sound stimuli were generated by convolving bandpass noise with the HRTFs and were presented to both the subject and the model. The input stimuli to the model were processed using the Auditory Image Model of cochlear processing. The cochlear data were then analyzed by a time-delay neural network which integrated temporal and spectral information to determine the spatial location of the sound source. The combined cochlear model and neural network provided a system model of the sound localization process. Aspects of humanlike localization performance were qualitatively achieved for broadband and bandpass stimuli when the model architecture incorporated frequency division (i.e., the progressive integration of information across the different frequency channels) and was trained using variable bandwidth and center-frequency sounds. Results indicate that both issues are relevant to human sound localization performance.
Individually Addressable Gel-Integrated Voltammetric Microelectrode Array for High-Resolution Measurement of Concentration Profiles at Interfaces (2001)

The application of a novel voltammetric probe, based on an individually addressable gel-integrated microelectrode array (IA-GIME), for real-time, high-spatial resolution concentration profile measurements at interfaces is described. Reliability and validity of steep metal concentration gradients obtained with this novel system have been demonstrated by performing systematic tests at well-controlled liquid-liquid and liquid-solid interfaces. The liquid-liquid interface was formed by two layers of aqueous solutions with different components; only one layer contained trace metal ions (Pb(II) and Cd(II)); the individually addressable microelectrode array was placed at the interface of the liquid-liquid system; the concentration profiles were recorded as function of time; and the effective diffusion coefficients were calculated. The liquid-"solid" interface was formed from an aqueous solution layer overlying a bed of silica particles saturated with an aqueous solution. The sensor array has been used to monitor the diffusion processes of Tl(I) or Pb(II) from the liquid phase to the "solid" phase. The influences of porosity, geometry of the porous media, and complexation between metal ion and silica, on the diffusion processes, have been studied. All these results show that correct diffusion profiles of metal ions at interfaces can be obtained with 200-microm resolution with the IA-GIME. They also demonstrate that, for measurements in "solid" phase, the aforementioned factors must be considered carefully for correct calibration of any electrodes and the gel-integrated microelectrodes are unique tools to enable calibration of the sensors with synthetic solutions.
Microscopic structure of as-grown single-wall carbon nanotubes by laser ablation (1998)

Transmission electron microscopy has been used to investigate the intact structure of laser-ablated single-wall carbon nanotube materials in-situ deposited on nickel grids. No ex-situ processing was applied to the specimens so that the as-grown structure was retained. Most of the nanotubes formed highly curved bundles, which split or joined to form various structures. Individually grown nanotubes were found to contain more defects. The results provided the basic information for understanding the growth mechanism of carbon nanotubes in the laser ablation process.
Macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha is induced by human immunodeficiency virus infection of monocyte-derived macrophages (1996)

Disparate findings have been reported as to whether human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) affects cytokine production by macrophages (MA). We investigated production of different cytokines and of macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha by HIV-1Ba-L- or HIV-1Ada-infected blood-derived MA. Relative to controls, only MIP-1alpha levels increased twofold to > 10-fold in supernatants 2 to 3 weeks postinfection (PI), at the time of maximum virus production; levels of the other chemokines (RANTES, interleukin (IL)-8) and cytokines (IL-1alpha, IL-3, IL-6, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), G-CSF, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1) investigated were not affected. MIP-1alpha mRNA signal assessed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was, however, only occasionally greater in cells from infected cultures relative to controls. MIP-1alpha levels in supernatants remained in the same range as in control cultures when more than 10 mmol/L Zidovudine was added 24 hours PI, which indicates involvement of virus replication in the effect. Anti-MIP-1alpha antibody labeling identified a 10% to 25% subset of MA, strongly expressing HLA-DR and CD4, and also stained by anti-IL-6 and anti-TNF-alpha antibodies. Two weeks PI, dual staining showed that the majority of the 5% to 20% cells that were p24+ belonged to the MIP-1alpha+ population, which may define a MA subset capable to better sustain HIV replication. MIP-1alpha induced by HIV replication in MA might play a role in the pathophysiology of HIV infection; in impaired hematopoiesis; or as a CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte chemoattractant, by recruiting either or both HIV-susceptible and cytotoxic T lymphocytes to virus replication sites.