gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Olefin Metathesis Catalyst: Stabilization Effect of Backbone Substitutions of N-Heterocyclic Carbene (2008)

Ruthenium olefin metathesis catalysts bearing an N-phenyl-substituted N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand that are resistant to decomposition through C-H activation have been prepared and tested in ring closing metathesis (RCM), cross metathesis (CM), and ROMP reactions. The N, N'-diphenyl-substituted NHC complex proved to be one of the most efficient catalysts in RCM to form tetrasubstituted olefins.
Presence detection of binary-phase-shift-keyed and direct-sequence spread-spectrum signals using a prefilter-delay-and-multiply device (1990)

The specific problem of detecting the presence of either binary-phase-shift-keyed (BPSK) signals or BPSK direct-sequence spread-spectrum (DS/SS) signals with a prefilter-delay-and-multiply (PFDM) device is considered. Using stationary process theory and Fourier analysis, the optimum PFDM structures for signal presence detection of BPSK signals with known bit rates and carrier frequencies and BPSK DS/SS signals with known chip rates and carriers in additive colored Gaussian noise are derived. The structures are optimum in the sense that they maximize the spectral signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of an output periodic waveform which has fundamental frequency equal to the bit or chip rate of the signal. Two of the optimum structures that are derived and analyzed are the optimal prefilter-square device and the optimal PFDM with delay set to one half of the signal's bit or chip duration.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Film coating of seeds with Bacillus cereus RS87 spores for early plant growth enhancement (2008)

The plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Bacillus cereus RS87 was previously reported to promote plant growth in various crops in both greenhouse and field trials. To apply as a plant growth promoting agent with practical use, it is essential to ease the burden of routine preparation of a fresh suspension of strain RS87 in laboratory. The objectives of this study were to investigate the feasibility of film-coating seeds with B. cereus RS87 spores for early plant growth enhancement and to reveal the indoleacetic acid (IAA) production released from strain RS87. The experiment consisted of the following 5 treatments: nontreated seeds, water-soaked seeds, film-coated seeds, seeds soaked with vegetative cells of strain RS87, and film-coated seeds with strain RS87 spores. Three experiments were conducted separately to assess seed emergence, root length, and plant height. Results showed that both vegetative cells and spores of strain RS87 significantly promoted (P < or = 0.05) seed emergence, root length and plant height over the control treatments. The strain RS87 also produced IAA. In conclusion, the film coating of seeds with spores of B. cereus RS87 demonstrated early plant growth enhancement as well as seeds using their vegetative cells. IAA released from strain RS87 would be one of the mechanisms for plant growth enhancement.
On Regression Losses for Deep Depth Estimation (2018)

Depth estimation from a single monocular image has reached great performances thanks to recent works based on deep networks. However, as various choices of losses, architectures and experimental conditions are proposed in the literature, it is difficult to establish their respective influence on the performances. In this paper we propose an in-depth study of various losses and experimental conditions for depth regression, on NYUv2 dataset. From this study we propose a new network for depth estimation combining an encoder-decoder architecture with an adversarial loss. This network reaches top scores in the competitive evaluation of NUYv2 dataset while being simpler to train in a single phase.
Tie2 receptor tyrosine kinase, a major mediator of tumor necrosis factor α–induced angiogenesis in rheumatoid arthritis (2003)

This study demonstrates that Tie2 regulates angiogenesis in inflammatory synovium. Tie2 signaling is an important angiogenic mediator that links the proinflammatory cytokine TNF alpha to pathologic angiogenesis.
Efficient Lazy Evaluation of Rule-Based Programs (2009)

Thirty years after Forgy's seminal dissertation, Rete remains the de facto standard matching algorithm. Despite promising research results, alternative algorithms such as TREAT and LEAPS have had little impact on modern production rule engines. Constraint Handling Rules (CHR) is a high-level, declarative programming language, similar to production rules. In recent years, CHR has increasingly been used in a wide range of general purpose applications. State-of-the-art CHR systems use LEAPS-like lazy matching, and implement a large body of novel program analyses and optimization techniques to further improve performance. While obviously related, CHR and production rules research have mostly evolved independently from each other. With this paper, we aim to foster cross fertilization of implementation techniques. We provide a lucid, comprehensive overview of CHR's rule evaluation methodology, and survey recent contributions to the field of lazy matching. Our empirical evaluation confirms that Rete-based engines would surely benefit from incorporating similar techniques and optimizations.
Vascular endothelial growth factor and receptor interaction is a prerequisite for murine hepatic fibrogenesis (2003)

These results suggest that the interaction of VEGF and its receptor, which reflected the combined effects of both on HSC and SEC, was a prerequisite for liver fibrosis development.
Enhancing the Performance of Metadata Service for Cloud Computing (2010)

Efficient metadata management is critical for distributed file system in cloud computing. In this paper we propose a new metadata management scheme which employs master metadata server (MMDS) and metadata look-up table server between the metadata servers and clients. The MMDS checks the state of MDSs for load-balancing, and thereby avoids hot spot. The proposed scheme significantly reduces the network traffic as well.
RT-PCR Analysis of in Vivo Cytokine Profiles in Murine Allergic Contact Dermatitis to DNCB (1996)

To elucidate an in vivo cytokine pattern in allergic contact dermatitis, the mRNAs for IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12p35, IL-12p40, and IFN-gamma were detected in the skin and spleens of mice with allergic contact dermatitis responses to DNCB using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The mRNAs for IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, and IFN-gamma and IL-12 were constitutively expressed in the spleens from control and allergic contact dermatitis mice. Among these cytokines, the mRNAs for IFN-gamma and IL-12p40 were upregulated in mice with allergic contact dermatitis. On the other hand, the mRNAs for IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-gamma were detected only at diseased skin sites of allergic contact dermatitis mice, but not the skin from the control mice. Moreover, both IL-12p35 and IL-12p40 mRNAs were highly expressed in the skin of mice with allergic contact dermatitis responses to DNCB compared with control mice. Therefore, the present study indicates that, in vivo, allergic contact dermatitis mice appear to have a distinct cytokine production in spleens and skin as detected at the mRNA level.
Progesterone and Interferon-τ Regulate Cystatin C in the Endometrium (2006)

Cystatin C (CST3) is a secreted inhibitor of lysosomal cysteine proteases cathepsins B (CTSB) and CTSL, which are abundant in the ovine endometrium and conceptus. In mice, cathepsins and cystatins play important roles in implantation and placentation. This study determined effects of the estrous cycle, pregnancy, progesterone (P4), and interferon-tau (IFNT) on CST3 in the ovine uterus. In cyclic ewes, CST3 mRNA was low on d 10, increased about 12-fold by d 12, and declined thereafter. In early pregnant ewes, CST3 mRNA was low on d 10 and increased about 130-fold from d 10 to d 20. CST3 mRNA and protein were abundant in the endometrial luminal epithelium (LE) and glandular epithelium and also in conceptus trophectoderm. In uterine flushes from pregnant ewes, CST3 protein was not detected on d 10 but was abundant on d 12, 14, and 16. In another study, treatment of ovariectomized, cyclic ewes with P4 induced a 14-fold increase in endometrial CST3 mRNA, and IFNT stimulated an additional 2-fold increase in CST3 mRNA in P4-treated ewes but not in ewes treated with P4 and the antiprogestin ZK 136,317. CST3 mRNA and protein were abundant in the endometrial luminal epithelium and superficial glandular epithelium of P4-treated ewes but were very low or not detectable in endometria of P4- and ZK-treated ewes. These results indicate that CST3 is a novel P4-induced and IFNT-stimulated gene expressed only in the epithelial cells of the ovine endometrium and implicate CST3 in regulation of uterine cathepsin activity during conceptus implantation.
The <b><i>Alpher, Bethe</i></b> and <b><i>Gamow</i></b> of IEF, the alpha‐Centaury of electrokinetic methodologies. Part II: Immobilized pH gradients (2007)

The present review (a follow up of Electrophoresis 2006, 27, 923-938 on conventional IEF) highlights the developmental steps of the IPG technology, from a nebulous start limiting the technique to just 1 pH unit intervals up to the description of extended pH gradients, encompassing as much as 8.5 pH units. Although computer algorithms had been developed for optimizing recipes so as to obtain the most precise and most linear pH gradients, it was also realized that nonlinear pH intervals, covering the pH 3-10 range, would be extremely beneficial in 2-D map analysis, since they would follow the pI distribution of proteins in living systems. The synthesis of a number of Immobiline chemicals (the acrylamido weak acids and bases meant to be incorporated into the nascent polyacrylamide chains) is also reported. The review ends with preparative aspects of IPGs, with the introduction of multicompartment electrolyzers with Immobiline membranes.
Antioxidant Activity of Prune (<i>Prunus domestica</i> L.) Constituents and a New Synergist (2002)

Ethanol extract of prune was separated into hexane-soluble and H(2)O-soluble fractions, and the H(2)O-soluble fraction was further separated into a methanol (MeOH) eluate and an H(2)O eluate by Diaion HP-20 column chromatography. The MeOH eluate exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity among the separated fractions evaluated by oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC). Further purification of the MeOH eluate led to isolation of a novel compound, 4-amino-4-carboxychroman-2-one, together with four known compounds (p-coumaric acid, vanillic acid beta-glucoside, protocatechuic acid, and caffeic acid), structures of which were identified by NMR and MS analyses. The ORAC values of these isolated compounds showed 0.15-1.43 units (micromol of Trolox equiv)/micromol, and the new compound showed a remarkable synergistic effect on caffeoylquinic acid isomers. The antioxidant activity of the MeOH eluate was highly dependent on the major prune components, caffeoylquinic acid isomers, with a contribution from the new synergist.
Functional interdependence of the yeast SNF2, SNF5, and SNF6 proteins in transcriptional activation. (1991)

The SNF2, SNF5, and SNF6 genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are required for expression of a variety of differently regulated genes. Previous evidence implicated the SNF5 protein in transcriptional activation, and a DNA-bound LexA-SNF5 fusion protein was shown to activate expression of a nearby promoter. Here, we examine the functional relationship of the SNF2, SNF5, and SNF6 proteins. Activation by DNA-bound LexA-SNF5 fusion protein was greatly reduced in snf2 and snf6 mutants, indicating that activation by LexA-SNF5 requires SNF2 and SNF6 function. An spt6 mutation, which suppresses transcriptional defects caused by snf2, restored activation by LexA-SNF5 in a snf2 mutant. The SNF2 gene was sequenced and encodes a 194-kDa protein that is targeted to the nucleus. DNA-bound LexA-SNF2 fusion protein also activated transcription, dependent on SNF5 and SNF6. These findings suggest that SNF2, SNF5, and SNF6 function interdependently in transcriptional activation, possibly forming a heteromeric complex.
Effects of community size and contact rate in synchronous social q&amp;a (2011)

Social question-and-answer (Q&A) involves the location of answers to questions through communication with people. Social Q&A systems, such as mailing lists and Web forums are popular, but their asynchronous nature can lead to high answer latency. Synchronous Q&A systems facilitate real-time dialog, usually via instant messaging, but face challenges with interruption costs and the availability of knowledgeable answerers at question time. We ran a longitudinal study of a synchronous social Q&A system to investigate the effects of the rate with which potential answerers were contacted (trading off time-to-answer against interruption cost) and community size (varying total number of members). We found important differences in subjective and objective measures of system performance with these variations. Our findings help us understand the costs and benefits of varying contact rate and community size in synchronous social Q&A, and inform system design for social Q&A.
Client-side caching for nearest neighbor queries (2005)

The Voronoi diagram (VD) is the most suitable mechanism to find the nearest neighbor (NN) for mobile clients. In NN query processing, it is important to reduce the query response time, since a late query response may contain out-of-date information. In this paper, we study the issue of location dependent information services (LDISs) using a VD. To begin our study, we first introduce a broadcast-based spatial query processing methods designed to support NN query processing. In further sections, we introduce a generic method for location-dependent sequential prefetching and caching. The performance of this scheme is studied in different simulated environments. The core contribution of this research, resides in our analytical proof and experimental results.
RNA Isolation from Mammalian Cells Using Porous Polymer Monoliths: An Approach for High-Throughput Automation (2010)

The life science and healthcare communities have been redefining the importance of ribonucleic acid (RNA) through the study of small molecule RNA (in RNAi/siRNA technologies), micro RNA (in cancer research and stem cell research), and mRNA (gene expression analysis for biologic drug targets). Research in this field increasingly requires efficient and high-throughput isolation techniques for RNA. Currently, several commercial kits are available for isolating RNA from cells. Although the quality and quantity of RNA yielded from these kits is sufficiently good for many purposes, limitations exist in terms of extraction efficiency from small cell populations and the ability to automate the extraction process. Traditionally, automating a process decreases the cost and personnel time while simultaneously increasing the throughput and reproducibility. As the RNA field matures, new methods for automating its extraction, especially from low cell numbers and in high throughput, are needed to achieve these improvements. The technology presented in this article is a step toward this goal. The method is based on a solid-phase extraction technology using a porous polymer monolith (PPM). A novel cell lysis approach and a larger binding surface throughout the PPM extraction column ensure a high yield from small starting samples, increasing sensitivity and reducing indirect costs in cell culture and sample storage. The method ensures a fast and simple procedure for RNA isolation from eukaryotic cells, with a high yield both in terms of quality and quantity. The technique is amenable to automation and streamlined workflow integration, with possible miniaturization of the sample handling process making it suitable for high-throughput applications.
High Affinity Endotoxin-binding and Neutralizing Peptides Based on the Crystal Structure of Recombinant Limulus Anti-lipopolysaccharide Factor (1996)

Lipid A, the conserved portion of endotoxin or lipopolysaccharide, is the major mediator of septic shock, and therefore endotoxin-neutralizing molecules could have important clinical applications. The crystal structure of recombinant Limulus anti-lipopolysaccharide factor (rLALF) (Hoess, A., Watson, S., Siber, G. R., and Liddington, R. (1993) EMBO J. 12, 3351-3356), has been used to design synthetic peptides comprising different parts of the exposed amphipathic loop in the proposed endotoxin-binding domain of rLALF. We investigated the minimal requirements of rLALF for endotoxin and lipid A binding with linear 10-mer peptides. Only one linear peptide, corresponding to amino acids 36-45 of rLALF, was able to bind lipid A and endotoxin above background levels. Cyclic peptides, however, bind lipid A and endotoxin with high affinity, presumably by mimicking the three dimensional characteristics of the exposed hairpin loop. The cyclic peptide including amino acids 36-47, LALF-14, has a lipid A binding activity comparable to the high affinity endotoxin-binding peptide polymyxin B. LALF-14 has an improved serum half-life compared with its linear counterpart, and it is not toxic for cultured human monocytes or red blood cells. In mice, it blocks tumor necrosis factor-alpha induction after endotoxin challenge. The characterization of the minimal endotoxin-binding domain of rLALF and, importantly, its structure provided a basis for designing small molecules that could have prophylactic and/or therapeutic properties in humans for the management of septic shock.
The V domain of herpesvirus Ig-like receptor (HIgR) contains a major functional region in herpes simplex virus-1 entry into cells and interacts physically with the viral glycoprotein D (1998)

The herpesvirus entry mediator C (HveC), previously known as poliovirus receptor-related protein 1 (PRR1), and the herpesvirus Ig-like receptor (HIgR) are the bona fide receptors employed by herpes simplex virus-1 and -2 (HSV-1 and -2) for entry into the human cell lines most frequently used in HSV studies. They share an identical ectodomain made of one V and two C2 domains and differ in transmembrane and cytoplasmic regions. Expression of their mRNA in the human nervous system suggests possible usage of these receptors in humans in the path of neuron infection by HSV. Glycoprotein D (gD) is the virion component that mediates HSV-1 entry into cells by interaction with cellular receptors. We report on the identification of the V domain of HIgR/PRR1 as a major functional region in HSV-1 entry by several approaches. First, the epitope recognized by mAb R1. 302 to HIgR/PRR1, capable of inhibiting infection, was mapped to the V domain. Second, a soluble form of HIgR/PRR1 consisting of the single V domain competed with cell-bound full-length receptor and blocked virion infectivity. Third, the V domain was sufficient to mediate HSV entry, as an engineered form of PRR1 in which the two C2 domains were deleted and the V domain was retained and fused to its transmembrane and cytoplasmic regions was still able to confer susceptibility, although at reduced efficiency relative to full-length receptor. Consistently, transfer of the V domain of HIgR/PRR1 to a functionally inactive structural homologue generated a chimeric receptor with virus-entry activity. Finally, the single V domain was sufficient for in vitro physical interaction with gD. The in vitro binding was specific as it was competed both by antibodies to the receptor and by a mAb to gD with potent neutralizing activity for HSV-1 infectivity.
Simultaneous synthesis, stabilization, and self‐assembly of microscale drug particles in polymer films (2010)

Abstract The antisolvent synthesis of micrometer‐scale particles, their stabilization in suspension, and their subsequent self‐assembly as homogeneous polymer films suitable for drug delivery were studied. Ultrasonic agitation was used in the precipitation of the drug particulates, stabilization was carried out with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), and finally, drug‐encapsulated films containing HPMC and polyvinylpyrrolidone were synthesized. These contained as much 28% of the drug Griseofulvin, and the particles were distributed uniformly throughout the films. Most importantly, the redispersion of the drug‐loaded films in an aqueous matrix showed that the crystallinity remained unaltered, and there was no appreciable increase in the particle size distribution. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Silicon nanowire sensors for Hg2+ and Cd2+ ions (2009)

High-sensitivity detection of toxic heavy metal cations such as Hg2+ and Cd2+ ions was demonstrated using single silicon nanowire field-effect transistors (SiNW-FETs). The conduct-ance of FET fabricated from thermally oxidized SiNWs functionalized with 3-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane showed high sensitivity to Hg2+ and Cd2+ ions at a concentration down to 10−7 and 10−4M, respectively. Linear relationship between the logarithmic concentration of metal ions and the current change was observed. The SiNW sensor could be recycled to regain nearly the same sensitivity. Comparative experiments showed that SiNW-FET sensors have great selectivity for detecting Hg2+ and Cd2+ over other metal cations.
Generalized TDMA: The Multi-Accessing Tree Protocol (1979)

The tree algorithm, a new basic protocol for accessing a satellite channel by a large number of independent users, is considered. Previous multi-accessing techniques suffered from long delays, low throughput and/or congestion instabilities. The ALOHA algorithm, for example, when applied to the Poisson source model, has a maximum throughput of .37 packets/slot and is unstable. The tree protocol, under similar conditions, is stable, has a maximum average throughput of .43 and has respectable delay properties. In this protocol, the sources are assigned to the leaves of a tree graph. Message contentions are resolved by systematically moving from node to node through the tree, trying to determine the branches containing the conflicting users. It is shown that the tree protocol is a generalization of TDMA and that an optimum dynamic tree adaptively changes from an essentially random access protocol in light traffic to TDMA in heavy traffic. A major result is that if <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">q</tex> . the probability that a user has a packet to transmit, is greater than <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1/\sqrt{2}</tex> , then TDMA and the optimum tree protocol axe the same. If, on the other hand, <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">q &lt; 1/\sqrt{2}</tex> , then the optimum tree protocol is more efficient than TDMA. The maximum average throughput of a system consisting of the optimum tree protocol and a finite number of users is one packet/slot. The tree protocol may be applied either to a direct access system or to a demand assignment access system. Consequently, an example is presented comparing the average delay properties of tree and TDMA protocols when applied to direct access and to reservation access systems.
Core alignments by a simple local monitoring method (1984)

A new simple local monitoring method in core alignments of single-mode fibers is presented. We have investigated cladding-mode leakage light characteristics in fibers coated with different materials. In view of the results of the study, we have developed an arc-fusion splicer with a simple photoreceiver for monitoring the leakage light power. Using the splicer, we have obtained a surprisingly good result of an average splice loss of 0.03 dB with transmitted optical power of only 1 μW at the butt-joint point. This method can be used for final splicings between repeaters in long-haul optical fiber digital transmission systems.