gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human T cell activation. IV. T cell activation and proliferation via the early activation antigen EA 1. (1989)

A new mAb G38 was generated against purified EA 1, an early activation antigen. In immunoprecipitation, it was reactive with the same complex precipitated by the initial anti-EA 1 mAb P8. mAb G38 augmented PMA-induced proliferation of PBMC. It was shown to be mitogenic for purified T cells in collaboration with PMA in a dose-dependent manner. This effect was independent of monocytes and other accessory cells. mAb G38 augmented PMA-induced IL-2-R expression. In conjunction with PMA, it induced IL-2 synthesis and secretion. Its effects on IL-2-R and IL-2 expression were documented at both protein and mRNA levels. Both anti-EA 1 mAbs did not induce Ca2+ influx by themselves in PMA-treated T cells. However, the addition of second anti-mouse Ig antibodies induced readily detectable increases in [Ca2+]i. Ca2+-mediated pathways may be utilized as the transduction signal mechanisms. mAb Leu-23 was shown to be reactive with EA 1. mAb Leu-23 was also mitogenic for T cells in the presence of PMA. These findings provide evidence for a functional role for EA 1 in T cell activation and proliferation.
Failure-Oblivious Computing and Boundless Memory Blocks (2005)

Abstract — Memory errors are a common cause of incorrect software execution and security vulnerabilities. We have developed two new techniques that help software continue to execute successfully through memory errors: failure-oblivious computing and boundless memory blocks. The foundation of both techniques is a compiler that generates code that checks accesses via pointers to detect out of bounds accesses. Instead of terminating or throwing an exception, the generated code takes another action that keeps the program executing without memory corruption. Failure-oblivious code simply discards invalid writes and manufactures values to return for invalid reads, enabling the program to continue its normal execution path. Code that implements boundless memory blocks stores invalid writes away in a hash table to return as the values for corresponding out of bounds reads. The net effect is to (conceptually) give each allocated memory block unbounded size and to eliminate out of bounds accesses as a programming error. We have implemented both techniques and acquired several widely used open source servers (Apache, Sendmail, Pine, Mutt, and Midnight Commander). With standard compilers, all of these servers are vulnerable to buffer overflow attacks as documented at security tracking web sites. Both failure-oblivious computing and boundless memory blocks eliminate these security vulnerabilities (as well as other memory errors). Our results show that our compiler enables the servers to execute successfully through buffer overflow attacks to continue to correctly service user requests without security vulnerabilities.
A novel integrated decoupling capacitor for MCM-L technology (1998)

This paper discusses the design, materials, fabrication, and measurements of a novel integrated decoupling capacitor for MCM-L-based substrates, Based on modeling using the Semiconductor Industry Association Roadmap, it has been estimated that 13-72 nF/cm/sup 2/ of specific decoupling capacitance will be required for the next decade, The capacitor in this paper addresses this need. The fabrication of the capacitor has been achieved using filled polymer materials in thin film form, with via diameters of 100 /spl mu/m and below, through photodefinable processes. Dielectric constant as high as 65 with loss tangent below 0.05 and specific capacitance of 22 nF/cm/sup 2/ have been achieved. The scattering parameters were measured up to 20 GHz using a network analyzer for various capacitor structures (varying geometry and dielectric thickness) to study input impedance and scaling of the devices.
Synthesis and applications of acid‐labile acrylic polymers (1992)

Abstract A variety of acrylic and methacrylic acetal esters were synthesized by reaction of unsaturated carboxylic acids with vinyl ethers. The acetal esters were converted by radical polymerization and GTP to acid‐labile homo‐ and copolymers. Coatings of these polymeric acetal esters containing photosensitive acid‐generating compounds are useful in image‐formation through chemical amplification. Thus, poly(tetrahydropyranyl methacrylate‐ co ‐benzyl methacrylate) can be used in positive working deep UV microlithography. Poly(tetrahydropyranyl acrylate), coated in a thin layer over a tacky elastomer, provides a high resolution, water‐developable negative working tonable composition. Several polymeric and nonpolymeric acetal esters can be used for positive working electrostatic imaging through changes in electrical conductivity.
The assessment of mucociliary clearance using monodisperse 99mTc-tagged red blood cells. (1991)

To assess mucociliary clearance rates of the lungs using a monodisperse particle of constant volume, we investigated the possibility of using a patient's own red blood cells. The cells are tagged with 99mTechnetium. The procedure was performed on two groups of volunteers. The test was found to be very reliable (98%). A second group was studied with the administration of a placebo or 400 mg Aminophylline during the acquisition of the data. The expected response could be seen in 81% of the cases studied.
Cooperative Immunoassays: Ultrasensitive Assays with Mixed Monoclonal Antibodies (1983)

Mixtures of certain monoclonal antibodies appear to bind human chorionic gonadotropin in a "cooperative" fashion because they form circular complexes with the hormone. Experiments illustrate how this property might be exploited to develop very sensitive immunoassays for human chorionic gonadotropin or any other antigen. Since the assays are not based on competitive inhibition between radiolabeled and unlabeled antigen, they are much more sensitive than a traditional radioimmunoassay in which either one of the same antibodies is used alone.
Synthetic uses of steroidal ring B diene protection: 22,23-dihydroergosterol (1976)

Protection of the ring B diene system of ergosterol by (i) a two-step addition of the elements of water across the 5,6-double bond, (ii) formation of the 4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione adduct, or (iii) formation of the iron tricarbonyl adduct by treatment with p-methoxybenzylideneacetonetricarbonyliron, allowed selective reduction of the 22,23-double bond by catalytic or, as appropriate, ionic hydrogenation. Regeneration of the 5,7-diene system in each case gave a high yield of 22,23-dihydroergosterol.
Expression of colony stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R) by CNS neurons in mice (1999)

We report that neurons in the central nervous system express colony stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R) mRNA and protein and that the expression has regional specificity. The presence of CSF-1R in neurons was demonstrated by the use of four different types of antibodies to CSF-1R and the presence of CSF-1R mRNA by in situ hybridization using oligonucleotide probe. In the steady state in most areas of the brain, CSF-1R is weakly expressed in only a few neurons. In the cerebellum, brainstem, and spinal cord, however, CSF-1R is expressed constitutively in greater numbers of neurons. After cerebral cortex ischemic injury, neurons in the area next to the ischemic lesion markedly upregulate CSF-1R. It is also upregulated in the contralateral cortex and in many other areas of the brain and spinal cord. We demonstrated that in cultures the ligand CSF-1 binds to its receptor (CSF-1R) in neurons and that reduction of the number of apoptotic neurons and potentiation of neuron survival is CSF-1 dose dependent. We propose that CSF-1/CSF-1R signaling is an important regulatory pathway between neurons, microglia, and astrocytes.
Synergistic stimulation of MUC1 expression in normal breast epithelia and breast cancer cells by interferon‐γ and tumor necrosis factor‐α (2002)

The MUC1 gene encodes a transmembrane mucin glycoprotein that is overexpressed in human breast cancers. Persistent stimulation by proinflammatory cytokines may contribute to increased MUC1 transcription by tumor cells. We demonstrate that MUC1 expression in T47D breast cancer cells and normal human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) is enhanced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in the presence of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). MUC1 responsiveness to these cytokines was modest in T47D cells and robustly induced in HMEC. Transient transfection of T47D cells with mutant MUC1 promoter constructs revealed that a kappaB site at -589/-580 and the STAT-binding element at -503/-495 and were required for cooperative stimulation by TNFalpha and IFN-gamma. Binding of NFkappaB p65 to the MUC1 kappaB site was induced by TNF-alpha treatment, as demonstrated by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Specific mutation of the kappaB site prevented binding of NFkappaB p65 and blocked TNF-alpha stimulation of MUC1 promoter activity. Collectively, these studies demonstrate synergistic stimulation of MUC1 expression by TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma that is mediated by independent actions of NFkappaB p65 and STAT1alpha upon kappaB and STAT sites, respectively, in the MUC1 promoter. Strong induction of MUC1 expression by these proinflammatory cytokines is clearly evident in normal mammary epithelium. In contrast, breast tumor cells appear to override normal regulatory responses via as yet undefined cis-elements.
Microstructure of compositionally-graded (Ba1−xSrx)TiO3 thin films epitaxially grown on La0.5Sr0.5CoO3-covered (100) LaAlO3 substrates by pulsed laser deposition (2005)

Compositionally-graded (Ba1−xSrx)TiO3 (BST) epitaxial thin films (with x decreasing from 0.25 to 0.0) were deposited by pulsed laser deposition on (100)LaAlO3 (LAO) single-crystal substrates covered with a conductive La0.5Sr0.5CoO3 (LSCO) layer as a bottom electrode. X-ray and electron diffraction patterns demonstrate that the entire graded film has a single-crystal cubic structure. The epitaxial relationship between BST, LSCO, and LAO can be described as (100)BST‖(100)LSCO‖(100)LAO; [001]BST‖[001]LSCO‖[001]LAO. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images reveal that both the BST films and the LSCO bottom electrodes have sharp interfaces and overall uniform thickness across the entire specimen, and that they grow with a columnar structure. Planar TEM images show that the graded films exhibit granular and/or polyhedral morphologies with an average grain size of 50nm. High-resolution TEM images reveal aligned rectangular-shaped voids in the graded BST film, with length size of 12–17nm, and width of 5–8nm along the ⟨001⟩ direction in the (100) plane.
Autoantibody responses in autoimmune ovarian insufficiency and in Addison's disease are IgG1 dominated and suggest a predominant, but not exclusive, Th1 type of response (2010)

The autoantibody responses in POI and AAD are IgG1 dominated, which suggests a predominant Th1 response. Selective IgG4 isotype specificity identified a small subset of patients with Th2-oriented response.
An office-based approach to influenza: clinical diagnosis and laboratory testing. (2003)

Vaccination is the primary measure for preventing morbidity and mortality from influenza. During the influenza season, family physicians must distinguish influenza from the common cold and other flu-like illnesses. Signs and symptoms of influenza include abrupt onset of fever, severe myalgias, anorexia, sore throat, headache, cough, and malaise. Clinical diagnosis can be difficult or nonspecific when patients have other symptoms (e.g., stuffy nose, sneezing, cough, sore throat) that can be caused by various respiratory viruses or bacterial pathogens. Family physicians can improve diagnostic accuracy by being aware of the epidemiology of influenza. During outbreaks of influenza, commercially available rapid assays can be used to identify type A and B viruses. On average, rapid in-office tests are more than 70 percent sensitive and 90 percent specific for viral antigens. The assays vary in complexity, specificity, sensitivity, time to obtain results, specimen analyzed, and cost. The results of rapid viral tests can guide treatment decisions.
Accurate Single Molecule FRET Efficiency Determination for Surface Immobilized DNA Using Maximum Likelihood Calculated Lifetimes (2007)

Single molecule fluorescent lifetime trajectories of surface immobilized double-stranded DNA coupled with a tetramethylrhodmaine and Cy5 FRET pair were directly measured using time-tagged single-photon counting and scanning confocal microscopy. A modified maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) was developed to compensate for localized background fluorescence and instrument response. With this algorithm, we were able to robustly extract fluorescent lifetimes from their respective decays with as few as 20 photons. Fluorescent lifetimes extracted using an MLE were found to be highly dependent on background fluorescence. We show that appropriate factors are required to extract true lifetime trajectories from single fluorophores.
Ultra-high gas pressure pipelines offer advantages for Arctic service (1992)

Use of ultra-high pressure gas pipelines (greater than 2,170 psi) to transport intermediate weight hydrocarbons from Canadian Arctic oil and gas reservoirs will solve several problems inherent in conventional-pressure pipeline systems. At normal pipeline pressures, such hydrocarbons cause vapor problems if they are included in the oil stream and liquids problems if they remain in the gas stream. At ultra-high pressures, however, they can be commingled and transported successfully in a single dense phase. This eliminates the need for a separate gas-liquids pipeline or for re-injection facilities. These pipeline systems also require smaller diameters than conventional gas pipelines carrying an equivalent amount of gas. This makes them more flexible and better able to conform elastically to differential movements from thaw settlement and frost heave. They also have thicker walls which make them better able to resist ovalling and buckling under extreme bending stresses. More importantly, however, at ultra-high pressures, natural gas flows at almost constant temperature and exhibits no marked Joule-Thomson cooling effect characteristic of conventional gas pipelines. Ultra-high pressure gas pipelines can therefore be designed to flow at or near ground temperature. With their better environmental acceptability and durability, ultra-high pressure pipelines deserve serious consideration for transporting natural gas from the Arctic. Further details are provided in this article.
Signcryption scheme for Identity-based Cryptosystems. (2003)

An Identity-based cryptosystem is a Public Key cryptosystem in which the public keys of the entities are their identities, or strings derived from their identities. Signcryption combines digital signatures and encryption with a cost significantly smaller than that required for signature-then-encryption. This paper proposes an ID-based signcryption scheme based on bilinear pairings on elliptic curves. It is shown that the new scheme is an improved version of the existing signcryption scheme [10] by comparing the computations in both the schemes.
A management system for software package distribution (2012)

There are two popular ways to distribute software in Linux world, by distributing source code or pre-compiled binary. Source-code distribution is suitable for open-source software. However, for close-source software pre-compiled binary is the only option. Unlike Windows, there are many versions of Linux distributions, such as Ubuntu, Red Hat, CentOS, and Debian. Different Linux distributions require different binary installation package. For example, Red Hat and CentOS use .rpm package while Ubuntu and Debian need .deb package. To generate a software package suitable for many Linux distributions, developers must compile software on as many Linux machines as their supported Linux versions. This process is cumbersome, inefficient and difficult to manage. We develop a system to generate and manage software packages, which requires only one Linux machine. This system automatically exports software source code from a version control system, edits package configuration, builds software package, and manages software version. This system is tested and used on a production scale to build our network management software named NetHAM. It is shown to expedite the software release process and reduce number of computers required. In addition, it is easy to use even by someone with no Linux skill.
A Terrestrial Alicorhagiid Mite (Acari: Acariformes) from the Devonian of New York (1989)

John B. Kethley, Roy A. Norton, Patricia M. Bonamo, William A. Shear, A Terrestrial Alicorhagiid Mite (Acari: Acariformes) from the Devonian of New York, Micropaleontology, Vol. 35, No. 4 (1989), pp. 367-373
Bifunctional Catalysis of Ester Aminolysis – A Computational and Experimental Study (1996)

Abstract Various pathways for the reaction of methylamine with methyl acetate catalyzed by 2(1 H )‐pyridone have been investigated at the Becke3LYP/6–31G ** /HF/6–31G ** level of theory. The most favorable pathway consists of a one‐step reaction, in which all bond‐forming and ‐breaking processes occur in concert. These modeling studies also show the pyridone to function as an acid, which led to the investigation of several substituted pyridones. 4‐Cyano‐, 3‐cyano‐6‐methyl‐, and 3‐cyano‐2(1 H )‐pyridone have indeed been shown to provide better catalysis in the ester aminolysis reaction by ab initio modeling at the Becke3LYP/6–31G ** /HF/3–21G level. In order to verify the theoretical results, the catalytic activities of various substituted 2‐pyridones in the reaction of n ‐butylamine with p ‐nitrophenyl acetate in chlorobenzene solution have been determined. The observed catalytic rate constants are indeed in agreement with the theoretical predictions. Other catalyst characteristics such as solubility and state of aggregation are, however, also of paramount importance in this reaction.
Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of Novel Factors Conferring Resistance to Topoisomerase II Poisons in Cancer (2015)

The topoisomerase II poisons doxorubicin and etoposide constitute longstanding cornerstones of chemotherapy. Despite their extensive clinical use, many patients do not respond to these drugs. Using a genome-wide gene knockout approach, we identified Keap1, the SWI/SNF complex, and C9orf82 (CAAP1) as independent factors capable of driving drug resistance through diverse molecular mechanisms, all converging on the DNA double-strand break (DSB) and repair pathway. Loss of Keap1 or the SWI/SNF complex inhibits generation of DSB by attenuating expression and activity of topoisomerase IIα, respectively, whereas deletion of C9orf82 augments subsequent DSB repair. Their corresponding genes, frequently mutated or deleted in human tumors, may impact drug sensitivity, as exemplified by triple-negative breast cancer patients with diminished SWI/SNF core member expression who exhibit reduced responsiveness to chemotherapy regimens containing doxorubicin. Collectively, our work identifies genes that may predict the response of cancer patients to the broadly used topoisomerase II poisons and defines alternative pathways that could be therapeutically exploited in treatment-resistant patients.
Transmission-line missile antennas (1960)

A class of protruding rocket antennas of low silhouette is analyzed in terms of an approximately equivalent circuit that consists of a shunt-driven transmission line terminated in a reactor at each end. Expressions for the currents in the several parts of the circuit are used to determine the Poynting vector and from this the radiation resistance referred to the current in the generator. The reactance is obtained from transmission-line formulas.
Similarities and differences between augmentation index and pulse wave velocity in the assessment of arterial stiffness (1999)

We investigated whether there was a correlation between the simultaneous assessments of augmentation index (AI) and pulse wave velocity (PWV), undertaken by the SphygmoCor system, and what were the principal factors responsible for differences in these two putative assessments of arterial stiffness, in 105 offspring (41 men, 64 women) aged 19-71 years, of patients with familial hypertension. Arterial stiffness was measured using the SphygmoCor pulse wave analysis system. AI and PWV correlated significantly and positively (r = 0.29, p < 0.005) and the strength of the correlation was greater when each gender was examined separately. This led us to observe several-fold higher AI in women (22.04 +/- 12) than in men (8.59 +/- 13) (p < 0.001); the difference could be explained only in part by an inverse regression correlation between AI and height (r = -0.45; p < 0.001), but not PWV. AI was also more influenced than PWV by heart rate and blood pressure. AI is strongly correlated with a previously validated estimate of arterial stiffness, PWV. It is probable that separate normal ranges should be established for men and women, while further studies determine what parameters other than height are responsible for the gender difference.
Monitoring Commitments in People-Driven Service Engagements (2013)

People-driven service engagements involve communication over channels such as chat and email. Such engagements should be understood at the level of the commitments that the participants create and manipulate. Doing so provides a grounding for the communications and yields a business-level accounting of the progress of a service engagement. Existing work on commitment-based service engagements is limited to design-time model creation and verification. In contrast, we present a novel approach for capturing commitment-based engagements that are created dynamically in conversations. We monitor commitments identifying their creation, delegation, completion, or cancellation in the conversations. We have developed a prototype and evaluated it on real-world chat and email datasets. Our prototype captures commitments with a high F-measure of 90% in emails (Enron email corpus) and 80% in chats (HP IT support chat dataset) and provides promising results for capturing additional commitment operations.
The inducible caspase-9 suicide gene system as a â€œsafety switchâ€ to limit on-target, off-tumor toxicities of chimeric antigen receptor T cells (2014)

Immune modulation has become a central element in many cancer treatments, and T cells genetically engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) may provide a new approach to cancer immunotherapy. Autologous CAR T cells that have been re-directed towards tumor-associated antigens (TAA) have shown promising results in phase 1 clinical trials, with some patients undergoing complete tumor regression. However this T-cell therapy must carefully balance effective T-cell activation, to ensure antitumor activity, with the potential for uncontrolled activation that may produce immunopathology. An inducible Caspase 9 (iCasp9) ‘safety switch’ offers a solution that allows for the removal of inappropriately activated CAR T cells. The induction of iCasp9 depends on the administration of the small molecule dimerizer drug AP1903 and dimerization results in rapid induction of apoptosis in transduced cells, preferentially killing activated cells expressing high levels of transgene. The iCasp9 gene has been incorporated into vectors for use in preclinical studies and demonstrates effective and reliable suicide gene activity in phase 1 clinical trials. A third-generation CAR incorporating iCasp9 re-directs T cells towards the GD2 TAA. GD2 is over-expressed in melanoma and other malignancies of neural crest origin and the safety and activity of these GD2-iCAR T cells will be investigated in CARPETS and other actively recruiting phase 1 trials.