gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transition-State Structure of Human 5‘-Methylthioadenosine Phosphorylase (2006)

Kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) and computer modeling using density functional theory were used to approximate the transition state of human 5'-methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP). KIEs were measured on the arsenolysis of 5'-methylthioadenosine (MTA) catalyzed by MTAP and were corrected for the forward commitment to catalysis. Intrinsic KIEs were obtained for [1'-(3)H], [1'-(14)C], [2'-(3)H], [4'-(3)H], [5'-(3)H(2)], [9-(15)N], and [Me-(3)H(3)] MTAs. The primary intrinsic KIEs (1'-(14)C and 9-(15)N) suggest that MTAP has a dissociative S(N)1 transition state with its cationic center at the anomeric carbon and insignificant bond order to the leaving group. The 9-(15)N intrinsic KIE of 1.039 also establishes an anionic character for the adenine leaving group, whereas the alpha-primary 1'-(14)C KIE of 1.031 indicates significant nucleophilic participation at the transition state. Computational matching of the calculated EIEs to the intrinsic isotope effects places the oxygen nucleophile 2.0 Angstrom from the anomeric carbon. The 4'-(3)H KIE is sensitive to the polarization of the 3'-OH group. Calculations suggest that a 4'-(3)H KIE of 1.047 is consistent with ionization of the 3'-OH group, indicating formation of a zwitterion at the transition state. The transition state has cationic character at the anomeric carbon and is anionic at the 3'-OH oxygen, with an anionic leaving group. The isotope effects predicted a 3'-endo conformation for the ribosyl zwitterion, corresponding to a H1'-C1'-C2'-H2' torsional angle of 33 degrees. The [Me-(3)H(3)] and [5'-(3)H(2)] KIEs arise predominantly from the negative hyperconjugation of the lone pairs of sulfur with the sigma (C-H) antibonding orbitals. Human MTAP is characterized by a late S(N)1 transition state with significant participation of the phosphate nucleophile.
Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor: A Secreted Pattern Recognition Receptor for Mycobacteria (2008)

The present results demonstrate for the first time that human SLPI kills mycobacteria and is a new pattern recognition receptor for them.
A 1.05 V 1.6 mW, 0.45 $^{\circ}$C 3$\sigma$ Resolution $\Sigma\Delta$ Based Temperature Sensor With Parasitic Resistance Compensation in 32 nm Digital CMOS Process (2009)

Monitoring temperature in a microprocessor is important for optimal energy consumption under various workloads. This paper presents a temperature sensor in a 32 nm high-k metal gate digital CMOS process for integration in a microprocessor core. The sensor uses a ratio of currents driven into a BJT pair with current chopping to up-convert the temperature signal. A second order sigma-delta (ΣΔ) 1-bit ADC is used to digitize the chopped signal, which is then down-converted and filtered in the digital domain to obtain a temperature measurement. The sensor operates from -10 to 110°C, achieving a 3σ resolution of 0.45°C, and ≪5°C inaccuracy without calibration/trimming.
A phase II study of high-dose cyclophosphamide, thiotepa, and carboplatin with autologous marrow support in women with measurable advanced breast cancer responding to standard-dose therapy. (1992)

CTCb is an intensification regimen with a low mortality that delivers a significantly increased dose of agents with known activity at conventional doses in breast cancer. Although the duration of PR is short as expected, CRs appear to be durable.
Multi-Exposure Document Fusion Based on Edge-Intensities (2009)

This paper presents a new algorithm for fusioning images of text-documents taken with different exposures.It is compared to several standard block oriented exposure- and focus-blending-algorithms.The recognition rate of a publicly available OCR-engine is used as a benchmark to quantify the results.Experiments show in average an improvement in the recognition rate from 0.46 to 0.64 by employing exposure blending as preprocessing step to an OCR. The presented algorithm of blending high-pass filtered images instead of original images further increases the recognition rate to 0.95.
[Alteration of polyol metabolism in glomeruli of streptozotocin diabetic rats--analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry]. (1990)

The purpose of the present study is to determine polyols and sugars in glomeruli obtained from streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic rats. Sixty milligram per kg body weight of STZ was injected to Sprague-Dawley male rats and then the animals were sacrificed 4 and 12 weeks after the injection. One group of STZ diabetic rats was treated with 8-14 units of NPH insulin for 3 weeks. Glomeruli were isolated by sieving methods. The concentration of polyols and sugars was measured by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The levels of glucose, sorbitol, fructose, mannose, ribitol and erythritol in the glomeruli were significantly higher in 4- or 12-week diabetic rats than those in control rats, whereas the level of scyllo-inositol was decreased. In insulin treated 4-week diabetic rats, the levels of all polyols but scyllo-inositol were significantly decreased compared with untreated diabetic rats. The level of myo-inositol in glomeruli of 12-week diabetic rats was significantly higher than those of control rats, whereas that of erythritol was decreased. The urinary N-acetyl glucosaminidase activity as well as creatinine clearance was increased in 4- and 12-week diabetic rats. Urinary protein was also increased in 12-week diabetic rats. These findings suggest that the alterations of polyol metabolism in glomeruli of diabetes may play an important role in the pathogenesis and/or progression of diabetic nephropathy. It is likely that treatment with insulin improves the alteration of polyol metabolism in the glomeruli in early stages of diabetes.
Isolation and characterization of a bacteriocin produced by an isolated Bacillus subtilis LFB112 that exhibits antimicrobial activity against domestic animal pathogens (2009)

The emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens and the restriction on the use antibiotics as growth promoters in feed have drawn attention to the search for possible alternatives. Much interest has been focused on bacteriocins because they exhibit inhibitory activity against pathogens. In this study, an antibacterial substance produced by an isolated Bacillus subtilis strain LFB112 from Chinese herbs, was identified as bacteriocin. It was effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria involved in domestic animal diseases, including Escherichia coli, Salmonella pullorum, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pasteurella multocida, Clostridium perfringens, Micrococcus luteus, Streptococcus bovis and Staphylococcus aureus. Two multidrug-resistant clinical isolates and a phytopathogenic yeast strain were also inhibited. The antimicrobial substance was secreted at the middle of the exponential phase, whose activity was sensitive to proteinase K and pronase E but resistant to the proteolytic action of papain, trypsin and pepsin. The antimicrobial activity was relatively heat resistant and also active over a wide range of pH 3 - 10. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis revealed that the active peptide had an apparent molecular weight of about 6.3 kDa. It exhibited a bactericidal activity against S. aureus IVDC C56005. Such characteristics indicate that this bacteriocin may be a potential candidate for alternative agents to control important pathogens in domestic animal diseases.
Renal denervation in multiple renal arteries (2014)

Based on our results and the high prevalence of multiple arteries, it seems reasonable not to exclude patients with multiple renal arteries from RDN. Current analysis suggests that BP reduction may be less pronounced in patients with multiple renal arteries of whom not all arteries were treated.
ANALYSIS OF VERTEBRAL MORPHOLOGY IN IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS WITH USE OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING AND MULTIPLANAR RECONSTRUCTION (2002)

Idiopathic scoliosis is associated with distinctive intravertebral deformity, with smaller pedicles on the concave side and a shift of the dural sac toward the concavity.
Sequencing Rules and Due-Date Assignments in a Job Shop (1984)

Recent research studies of job shop scheduling have begun to examine the interaction between sequencing priorities and the method of assigning due-dates. This paper surveys the tactical aspects of this interaction, focusing primarily on average tardiness as a measure of scheduling effectiveness. The discussion highlights several factors that can affect the performance of dispatching rules, such as the average flow allowance, the due-date assignment method, and the use of progress milestones. A set of simulation experiments illuminates how these factors interact with the dispatching rule, and the experimental results suggest which combinations are most effective in a scheduling system.
The expression of both domains of the 69/71 kDa 2′,5′ oligoadenylate synthetase generates a catalytically active enzyme and mediates an anti‐viral response (1999)

The 2',5' oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS) represents a family of interferon-induced proteins which, when activated by double-stranded (ds) RNA, polymerizes ATP into 2',5'-linked oligomers with the general formula pppA(2'p5'A)n, where n >/= 1. The 69-kDa form of human OAS has two isoforms (p69 and p71) that are identical for their first 683 amino acids and consist of two homologous and adjacent domains, each homologous to the small 40-kDa OAS. Here, we demonstrate that mRNA species specific for the isoforms p69 and p71 are enhanced in interferon-treated cells, with the p69 mRNA being more abundant than that of p71. In transfected cells, both isoforms could be expressed independently to generate enzymes with similar catalytic activity, typical of the natural 69-kDa OAS from interferon-treated cells. On the other hand, deletion mutants expressing either the N- or C-terminal domain common in p69 and p71 were greatly unstable and were found to be devoid of catalytic activity, in spite of the capacity of the C-terminal domain to bind dsRNA. Finally, we show that murine cell lines stably expressing either p69 or p71 isoforms partially resist infection by the encephalomyocarditis virus. These results indicate that both isoforms of the 69-kDa form of 2',5' OAS are expressed in interferon-treated cells, and that each isoform could be implicated in the mechanism of the anti-viral action of interferon.
Catalytic Activity of Zinc(II) Phenoxides Which Possess Readily Accessible Coordination Sites. Copolymerization and Terpolymerization of Epoxides and Carbon Dioxide (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCatalytic Activity of Zinc(II) Phenoxides Which Possess Readily Accessible Coordination Sites. Copolymerization and Terpolymerization of Epoxides and Carbon DioxideDonald J. Darensbourg and Matthew W. HoltcampCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 22, 7577–7579Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00126a043https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00126a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1734Altmetric-Citations276LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Prospect for anti-HER2 receptor therapy in breast cancer. (2006)

The carcinogenesis process is characterized, in part, by the dysfunction of cellular communication pathways, such as the one involving HER2. HER2 is a member of the EGF receptor family, which participates in cell growth and proliferation. HER2 may be overexpressed in 15 to 30% of breast cancer cases and is associated with poor prognosis, shortened overall survival and shorter time to disease progression. Furthermore, an increasing number of studies have demonstrated the relevance of HER2 serum concentrations (sHER2, extracellular domain released into blood by proteolysis) as a predictive marker of resistance to chemotherapy in HER2-overexpressing metastatic breast cancer. The determination of HER2 overexpression/ amplification in the diagnosis of relapse of breast cancer is currently a routine procedure. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) techniques, which are used to detect HER2 expression in the tumor, are improving constantly, and other parallel techniques such as chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) are starting to emerge. sHER2 concentrations can be measured using ELISA techniques, which can be automated. All of these procedures still need to be standardized. The discovery of a monoclonal antibody (4D5) that can inhibit the growth and proliferation of cells overexpressing HER2 led to the development of trastuzumab. Like 4D5, trastuzumab recognizes an epitope on the extracellular domain of HER2. Moreover, trastuzumab is also able to stimulate antibody-dependent cellular toxicity (ADCC). It is administered alone or in combination (with navelbine, taxol, carboplatin...) in patients with metastatic breast cancer overexpressing HER2. Other active antibodies have since been discovered, as well as other specific molecules, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors which will undoubtedly find a place in the therapeutic arsenal used in breast cancer, especially to avoid the emergence of resistance to treatment.
Proactive obfuscation (2010)

Proactive obfuscation is a new method for creating server replicas that are likely to have fewer shared vulnerabilities. It uses semantics-preserving code transformations to generate diverse executables, periodically restarting servers with these fresh versions. The periodic restarts help bound the number of compromised replicas that a service ever concurrently runs, and therefore proactive obfuscation makes an adversary's job harder. Proactive obfuscation was used in implementing two prototypes: a distributed firewall based on state-machine replication and a distributed storage service based on quorum systems. Costs intrinsic to supporting proactive obfuscation in replicated systems were evaluated by measuring the performance of these prototypes. The results show that employing proactive obfuscation adds little to the cost of replica-management protocols.
Confined Crystallization of PEO in Nanolayered Films Impacting Structure and Oxygen Permeability (2009)

Layer-multiplying coextrusion or “forced assembly” of thousands of alternating polystyrene (PS) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) nanolayers was used to study crystallization in a confined, two-dimensional space. Atomic force microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering revealed that as the thickness of the confined PEO layer decreased from the microscale to the nanoscale, the morphology of the PEO changed from three-dimensional spherulites to two-dimensional discoids and to “in-plane” lamellar stacks. Finally, when the confinement occurred on the 25 nm size scale of the usual lamellar thickness, the PEO layers crystallized as single lamellae with large aspect ratio that resembled large single crystals. This crystallization habit imparted more than 2 orders of magnitude reduction in oxygen permeability of the PEO layers. The oxygen permeability directly correlated with the orientation of the lamellar crystals. The dramatic decrease in oxygen permeability arose from a reduction in diffusivity due to increased tortuosity of the diffusion pathway through the oriented lamellae. However, the confined crystalline morphology did not affect the diffusion jump length of oxygen molecules, as reflected by the constant activation energy regardless of the layer thickness. At 85% relative humidity, the moisture sorption of PEO layers was consistently about 8%, independent of the layer thickness. Nevertheless, the lamellar orientation was not affected, and the dramatic decrease in PEO permeability was preserved.
Simultaneous Monitoring of Cytosolic Free Calcium and Exocytosis at the Single Cell Level (1991)

Abstract Quinacrine, a fluorescent basic molecule, accumulates in secretory granules of pituitary cells, as was revealed by its colocalization with immunoreactive prolactin. Thus quinacrine fluorescence may be used to monitor secretory activity at the single cell level. Rat pituitary cells in primary culture were loaded with quinacrine and stimulated with physiological secretagogues, such as thyrotrophin-releasing hormone or bradykinin, which induced a multiphasic lowering of fluorescence, corresponding to the loss of quinacrine contained in exocytosed granules. Quinacrine was further used in combination with the fluorescent calcium probe fura-2, in order to monitor simultaneously exocytosis and variations in the cytosolic free calcium concentration, [Ca(2+)](i). With an appropriate selection of the excitation wavelengths, in dual excitation microfluorimetry experiments, it was possible to distinguish between fluorescence changes due to altered [Ca(2+)](i) versus quinacrine exocytosis. Transient elevations of [Ca(2+)](i) were provoked in individual pituitary cells by enhancing calcium influx through voltage gated channels. In part of the cells an initial increase in [Ca(2+)](i) coincided with stimulated quinacrine release. The approach was also applied to cells of the neuroblastoma line NCB20, where stimulation with bradykinin caused a transient rise in [Ca(2+)](i), concomitantly with enhanced exocytosis. No increase in exocytosis was ever detected without an elevation of [Ca(2+)](i), suggesting that in both cellular systems, an increase in [Ca(2+)](i), is absolutely necessary, but not sufficient to induce secretion.
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activity in aged, cognitively impaired and cognitively unimpaired rats (1990)

There is a tendency for increased hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) activity with age in the rat, and the resulting elevations in circulating glucocorticoid levels have been implicated in the occurrence of hippocampal pathology and memory deficits. In the experiments reported here, we examined whether HPA dysfunction is selectively associated with cognitive impairments in a population of aged rats. Fifty-eight 23-27-month-old male Long-Evans rats were screened for spatial memory impairments using the Morris swim maze, and 2 groups of aged animals were selected; aged, cognitively impaired (AI) animals whose performance was significantly different (greater than 2 SD) from that of 6-month-old controls and aged, cognitively unimpaired (AU) animals whose performance was comparable to that of the young controls (a difference of less than 0.5 SD). Twenty-eight percent of the animals tested were designated as AI and 20% as AU. Histological analysis of a subset of these animals showed that, while both AU and AI animals showed neuron loss in the pyramidal cell fields of the hippocampus, the loss was significantly greater in the AI animals. The AI animals showed clear evidence of increased HPA activity. Thus, basal ACTH and corticosterone levels were significantly higher in the AI animals compared with both AU animals and young controls, especially during the dark phase of the cycle. The AI, AU, and young animals exhibited comparable corticosterone levels during a 20-min immobilization stress; however, following the termination of the stressor, corticosterone levels in AI animals were significantly elevated compared with both AU animals and controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Low current and voltage resistive switching memory device using novel Cu/Ta&lt;inf&gt;2&lt;/inf&gt;O&lt;inf&gt;5&lt;/inf&gt;/W structure (2009)

Low current/voltage (∼10 nA/1.0V) resistive switching memory device in a Cu/Ta 2 O 5 /W structure has been proposed. The low resistance state (R Low ) of the memory device decreases with increasing the programming current from 10 nA to 1mA, which can be useful for multi-level of data storage. This resistive memory devices have stable threshold voltage, good resistance ratio (R High /R Low ) of 5.3×107, good endurance of ≫103 cycles, and excellent retention (≫11 hours) with resistance ratio of ≫ 9×103 can be useful in future non-volatile memory applications.
The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) for the Transmission of Multi-protocol Datagrams over Point-to-Point Links (1992)

The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) provides a method for transmitting datagrams over serial point-to-point links. PPP is comprised of three main components:
Miniature permanent magnet for table‐top NMR (2003)

Abstract The multi‐infinity dipole magnet is a new design capable of generating a relatively high and homogeneous permanent magnetic field (0.1–3 Tesla and homogeneity 20 ppm for 3 mm) that is suitable for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) or electron spin resonance (ESR) studies of small volume chemical or biological samples. The theoretical design and practical aspects involved in the construction of a prototype tabletop NMR system (0.6 T and homogeneity of 10 ppm in a ellipsoidal region of 3 × 3 × 5 mm 3 ) are described. A simple NMR relaxation time experiment was performed on a water sample doped with 40 mM of CuSO 4 . This system in its current configuration is suitable for relaxation time studies of materials or for educational use. The introduction of shim coils would increase the homogeneity of the magnet by a factor of 100, allowing the system to be used as a portable NMR spectrometer. In addition the introduction of gradient coils between the poles would transform the spectrometer to a MRI portable system for tissue analysis or simple MR microimaging at fields up to 3 T. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 19B: 35–43, 2003.