gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Applications of self‐assembled monolayers in electroanalytical chemistry (1996)

Abstract The different approaches in which self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) have been applied in electroanalytical chemistry are reviewed. Three principal concepts have been used and can be categorized according to the mechanism of attachment of the monolayer to the electrode. These include the formation of covalent bonds between reactive organic molecules, such as chlorosilanes, with activated surfaces, the formation of lipid and bilayer lipid membranes that self‐assemble on conductive surfaces and the adsorption of functionalized alkanes, e.g., alkanethiols, on well ordered surfaces. Systems for detecting inorganic, organic and biological species are described and conclusions are drawn.
孙楠:我是小 V (2006)

孙楠之前曾为卡通影片《海底总动员》配唱过主题歌,如今他却为卡通影片《战鸽总动员》配音,效果怎么样,很值得期待哦!在影片中,他所配音的小V 是一只个头很小的鸽子,但它却为了荣誉和自由自愿加入英国皇家信鸽服务队。做惯歌手的孙楠坦言,在录音棚里唱歌和配音感觉完全不一样,在配音时,会不自觉地运用肢体语言。有时配音,半天里会像鸽子一样做飞翔状动来动去。
Effects of Loratadine and Terfenadine on the Induced Nasal Allergic Reaction (1996)

Both loratadine and terfenadine partially inhibit the early nasal response to allergen challenge and the subsequent reactivity to a challenge with methacholine without affecting the influx of eosinophils into nasal secretions.
A comprehensive review of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2015)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a late-onset fatal neurodegenerative disease affecting motor neurons with an incidence of about 1/100,000. Most ALS cases are sporadic, but 5-10% of the cases are familial ALS. Both sporadic and familial ALS (FALS) are associated with degeneration of cortical and spinal motor neurons. The etiology of ALS remains unknown. However, mutations of superoxide dismutase 1 have been known as the most common cause of FALS. In this study, we provide a comprehensive review of ALS. We cover all aspects of the disease including epidemiology, comorbidities, environmental risk factor, molecular mechanism, genetic factors, symptoms, diagnostic, treatment, and even the available supplement and management of ALS. This will provide the reader with an advantage of receiving a broad range of information about the disease.
Nature of  CO  Adsorption during  H 2 Oxidation in Relation to Modeling for  CO  Poisoning of a Fuel Cell Anode (1987)

To understand the polarization loss due to poisoning by of a porous Pt anode under various conditions, poisoning losses have been measured in a half‐cell in the temperature range 110°–190°C in 100 weight percent for various mixtures of , , and gases. At a fixed current density, the poisoning loss, , was observed to vary linearly with ln . Deviation from linearity was observed at lower temperatures and higher current densities for high ratios. Considering only the linear portions, it has been possible to derive a general relationship for with temperature, concentration, and current density. The surface coverage by was calculated at various temperatures and was found to bear a linear relationship with ln . From the experimental Temkin isotherms, a general adsorption relationship has been obtained. The standard free energies for adsorption were calculated and were found to vary from −14.5 to −12.1 kcal/mol in the temperature range 130°–190°C. The standard entropy for adsorption was calculated to be −39 cal/mol K. Interpretations of the data indicate that adsorption occurs through 1:1 replacement of H by through the process of selective site poisoning. Under conditions where a nonlinearity in the poisoning relationship occurs, molecules undergo some orientation, favored by the increasing positive charges on the Pt surface.
Predictor-Based Control of a Class of Time-Delay Systems and Its Application to Quadrotors (2016)

In this paper, a new robust control strategy based on a predictor and the uncertainty and disturbance estimator is developed for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems with input/output delays. The closed-loop system is analyzed and sufficient stability conditions are derived based on Lyapunov analysis. The proposed strategy is applied to the particular case of quadrotor systems and validated through extensive simulations to evaluate performance and robustness. The controller is also implemented in a quadrotor prototype and validated in flight tests.
Silicon photonics technology platform for embedded and integrated optical interconnect systems (2013)

A Si Photonics technology platform based on a commercial SOI CMOS node has been developed for manufacturing advanced optical transceivers. Integration methodologies, design, manufacturing, performance and roadmap of silicon photonics based transceiver ICs and interconnect systems are addressed.
Fabrication of Liquid‐Infused Surfaces Using Reactive Polymer Multilayers: Principles for Manipulating the Behaviors and Mobilities of Aqueous Fluids on Slippery Liquid Interfaces (2015)

The design of slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces (SLIPS) using nanoporous and chemically reactive polymer multilayers is reported. This approach permits fabrication of slippery anti-fouling coatings on complex surfaces and provides new means to manipulate the mobilities of contacting aqueous fluids. The results expand the range of tools that can be used to manipulate the behaviors of SLIPS and open the door to new applications of this emerging class of soft materials.
Blue–green–red LEDs based on InGaN quantum dots grown by plasma‐assisted molecular beam epitaxy (2007)

Abstract Self‐assembled InGaN quantum dots were grown in the Stranski–Krastanov mode by plasma‐assisted molecular beam epitaxy. The average dot height, diameter and density are 3 nm, 30 nm and 7 × 10 10 cm –2 , respectively. The dot density was found to decrease as the growth temperature increases. The cathodoluminescence emission peak of the InGaN/GaN multiple layer quantum dots (MQDs) was found to red shift 330 meV with respect to the emission peak of the uncapped single layer of InGaN QDs due to Quantum Confined Stark effect. Blue LEDs based on InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) as well as green and red LEDs based on InGaN MQDs emitting at 440, 560 and 640 nm, respectively, were grown and fabricated. The electroluminescence peak positions of both the green and red InGaN MQD LEDs are shown to be more blue‐shifted with increasing injection current than that of the blue InGaN/GaN MQW LEDs. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Critical Thermalization of a Disordered Dipolar Spin System in Diamond (2018)

Statistical mechanics underlies our understanding of macroscopic quantum systems. It is based on the assumption that out-of-equilibrium systems rapidly approach their equilibrium states, forgetting any information about their microscopic initial conditions. This fundamental paradigm is challenged by disordered systems, in which a slowdown or even absence of thermalization is expected. We report the observation of critical thermalization in a three dimensional ensemble of ∼10^{6} electronic spins coupled via dipolar interactions. By controlling the spin states of nitrogen vacancy color centers in diamond, we observe slow, subexponential relaxation dynamics and identify a regime of power-law decay with disorder-dependent exponents; this behavior is modified at late times owing to many-body interactions. These observations are quantitatively explained by a resonance counting theory that incorporates the effects of both disorder and interactions.
Root formation and attempts to establish morphogenesis in callus tissues of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) (1990)

Callus growth and subsequent root formation were obtained from radicle starting material using kinetin or [2-isopentenyl] adenine and 2,4-D. Substituting NAA for 2,4-D resulted in poor callus growth and no root formation. Gibberellic acid, c-AMP and c-GMP as supplements tended to reduce callus growth. When KNO3 and NH4NO3 of the Murashige and Skoog medium were replaced by ammonium citrate as nitrogen source no callus growth was observed.
IDENTIFICATION OF NATURAL COUMARIN COMPOUNDS THAT RESCUE DEFECTIVE ΔF508‐CFTR CHLORIDE CHANNEL GATING (2008)

1. Deletion of phenylalanine at position 508 (DeltaF508) of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride channel is the most common mutation causing cystic fibrosis (CF). Effective pharmacological therapy of CF caused by the DeltaF508-CFTR mutation requires the rescue of both intracellular processing and channel gating defects. 2. We identified a class of natural coumarin compounds that can correct the defective DeltaF508-CFTR chloride channel gating by screening a collection of 386 single natural compounds from Chinese medicinal herbs. Screening was performed with an iodide influx assay in Fischer rat thyroid epithelial cells coexpressing DeltaF508-CFTR and an iodide-sensitive fluorescent indicator (YFP-H148Q/I152L). 3. Dose-dependent potentiation of defective DeltaF508-CFTR chloride channel gating by five coumarin compounds was demonstrated by the fluorescent iodide influx assay and confirmed by an Ussing chamber short-circuit current assay. Activation was fully abolished by the specific CFTR inhibitor CFTR(inh)-172. Two potent compounds, namely imperatorin and osthole, have activation K(d) values of approximately 10 micromol/L, as determined by the short-circuit current assay. The active coumarin compounds do not elevate intracellular cAMP levels. Activation of DeltaF508-CFTR by the coumarin compounds requires cAMP agonist, suggesting direct interaction with the mutant CFTR molecule. Kinetics analysis indicated rapid activation of DeltaF508-CFTR by the coumarin compounds, with half-maximal activation of < 5 min. The activating effect was fully reversed for all five active compounds 45 min after washout. 4. In conclusion, the natural coumarin DeltaF508-CFTR activators may represent a new class of natural lead compounds for the development of pharmacological therapies for CF caused by the DeltaF508 mutation.
Development of Influenza B Universal Vaccine Candidates Using the “Mosaic” Hemagglutinin Approach (2019)

Influenza B viruses cause seasonal epidemics and are a considerable burden to public health. However, protection by current seasonal vaccines is suboptimal due to the antigenic changes of the circulating strains. In this study, we report a novel universal influenza B virus vaccination strategy based on "mosaic" hemagglutinins. We generated mosaic B hemagglutinins by replacing the major antigenic sites of the type B hemagglutinin with corresponding sequences from exotic influenza A hemagglutinins and expressed them as soluble trimeric proteins. Sequential vaccination with recombinant mosaic B hemagglutinin proteins conferred cross-protection against both homologous and heterologous influenza B virus strains in the mouse model. Of note, we rescued recombinant influenza B viruses expressing mosaic B hemagglutinins, which could serve as the basis for a universal influenza B virus vaccine.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> This work reports a universal influenza B virus vaccination strategy based on focusing antibody responses to conserved head and stalk epitopes of the hemagglutinin. Recombinant mosaic influenza B hemagglutinin proteins and recombinant viruses have been generated as novel vaccine candidates. This vaccine strategy provided broad cross-protection in the mouse model. Our findings will inform and drive development toward a more effective influenza B virus vaccine.
Biocompatibility of platinum-metallized silicone rubber: in vivo and in vitro evaluation (2004)

Silicone rubber is commonly used for biomedical applications, including implanted cuff electrodes for both recording and stimulation of peripheral nerves. This study was undertaken to evaluate the consequences of a new platinum metallization method on the biocompatibility of silicone rubber cuff electrodes. This method was introduced in order to allow the manufacture of spiral nerve cuff electrodes with a large number of contacts. The metallization process, implying silicone coating with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), its activation by an excimer laser and subsequent electroless metal deposition, led to a new surface microtexture. The neutral red cytotoxicity assay procedure was first applied in vitro on BALB/c 3T3 fibroblasts in order to analyze the cellular response elicited by the studied material. An in vivo assay was then performed to investigate the tissue reaction after chronic subcutaneous implantation of the metallized material. Results demonstrate that silicone rubber biocompatibility is not altered by the new platinum metallization method.
A Simple Improvement in Expression Cloning (1997)

Expression cloning is an effective approach for isolating genes encoding proteins that associate with a target species. Several molecules have been isolated by expression cloning, including CRE-BP1 associating with Jun (Macgregor et al., 1990); Grb1, identical to p85 PI3-kinase, with the EGF receptor (Skolnik et al., 1991); and Max with Myc (Blackwood and Eisenman, 1991). Expression cloning involves induction of proteins from a lambda gt11 cDNA expression library and screening the proteins on nitrocellulose membranes using a peptide probe (Macgregor et al., 1990). With this method, we previously isolated an Lck tyrosine kinase-associated protein, LckBP1, which is identical to HS1 (Kitamura et al., 1989, 1995; Takemoto et al., 1995). In those experiments, we used a glutathione S-transferase (GST)-Lck SH3 domain fusion protein as a probe, followed by detection of the complex with anti-GST polyclonal antibody. Whereas the ease of obtaining the fusion construct and high-titer anti-GST polyclonal antibody represented clear advantages, the system suffered from high background and low sensitivity. Here we show that pretreatment of nitrocellulose filters with NaDodSO4 reduces background and, in turn, increases sensitivity.
Cytotoxic compounds. Part 21. Chloro-, methoxy-, and methoxy-carbonyl-derivatives of (bis-2-chloroethylamino)-phenols and -anilines (1977)

New or improved syntheses are described of some NN-bis-2-chloroethylanilines carrying both a free phenolic group and a methoxycarbonyl ring substituent.A study has been made of the hydroxyethylation, with ethylene oxide, of a variety of chloro-, methoxy-, and methoxycarbonyl-nitroanilines, and of methoxy- and methoxycarbonyl-N-acylphenylenediamines. Bishydroxy-ethylation was inhibited by an o-methoxycarbonyl group and by an o- or p-nitro-group, but otherwise the NN-bis-2-hydroxyethyl derivatives were obtained and subsequently converted into the NN-bis-2-chloroethyl compounds. Reduction of the nitro-group, or hydrolysis of the acylamino-group, in these dichlorides led to NN-bis-2-chloroethylanilines carrying both a free amino-group and also a methoxycarbonyl-, methoxy-, or chloro-group as ring substituents.The ring-substituted (bis-2-chloroethylamino)-phenols or -anilines are precursors of mustard urethanes having potential importance as anti-tumour agents.
Use of the doubly labeled water method for measurement of energy expenditure, total body water, water intake, and metabolizable energy intake in humans and small animals (1989)

The basis of the doubly labeled water method is measurement of the differential rates of disappearance of two isotopes of water (H2 18O and either 2H2O or 3H2O, administered at the start of the study) from body water. Published studies indicate that, in its current forms, this technique can be used to provide accurate and reasonably precise information on carbon dioxide production, total body water, and water intake in free-living humans and many small animals. Total energy expenditure can be calculated from carbon dioxide production with little loss of precision. Metabolizable energy intake can also be predicted, as the sum of total energy expenditure plus an estimate for the change in body energy stores during the measurement, but this prediction is unlikely to be accurate and precise unless the subject is in approximate energy balance.
Broken display = broken interface' (2014)

This paper is the first to assess the impact of touchscreen damage on smartphone interaction. We gathered a dataset consisting of 95 closeup images of damaged smartphones and extensive information about a device's usage history, damage severity, and impact on use. 88% of our participants continued to use their damaged smartphone for at least three months; 32% plan to use it for another year or more, mainly due to high repair and replacement costs. From the dataset, we identified three categories of damaged smartphone displays. Reading and text input were most affected. Further interviews (n=11) revealed that users adapt to damage with diverse coping strategies, closely tailored to specific interaction issues. In total, we identified 23 different strategies. Based on our results, we proposed guidelines for interaction design in order to provide a positive user experience when display damage occurs.
Heterodimers and family-B GPCRs: RAMPs, CGRP and adrenomedullin (2004)

RAMPs (receptor activity-modifying proteins) are single-pass transmembrane proteins that associate with certain family-B GPCRs (G-protein-coupled receptors). Specifically for the CT (calcitonin) receptor-like receptor and the CT receptor, this results in profound changes in ligand binding and receptor pharmacology, allowing the generation of six distinct receptors with preferences for CGRP (CT gene-related peptide), adrenomedullin, amylin and CT. There are three RAMPs: RAMP1-RAMP3. The N-terminus appears to be the main determinant of receptor pharmacology, whereas the transmembrane domain contributes to association of the RAMP with the GPCR. The N-terminus of all members of the RAMP family probably contains two disulphide bonds; a potential third disulphide is found in RAMP1 and RAMP3. The N-terminus appears to be in close proximity to the ligand and plays a key role in its binding, either directly or indirectly. BIBN4096BS, a CGRP antagonist, targets RAMP1 and this gives the compound very high selectivity for the human CGRP(1) receptor.
Solid-state self-association of the two-electron oxidation product of a biliverdin analogue (1995)

Oxidation of octaethylbilindione with one molar equivalent of iodine produces an open-chain tetraaza cation [2+] which self-associates in the solid state through a set of hydrogen bonds to form a dimeric entity that consists of two interpenetrating C-shaped units.
547. The synthesis of thyroxine and related substances. Part VII. The preparation of diphenyl ethers from 2 : 6-di-iodophenols (1950)

J. H. Barnes, E. T. Borrows, J. Elks, B. A. Hems and A. G. Long, J. Chem. Soc., 1950, 2824 DOI: 10.1039/JR9500002824
A chemical synthesis of LNA-2,6-diaminopurine riboside, and the influence of 2′-O-methyl-2,6-diaminopurine and LNA-2,6-diaminopurine ribosides on the thermodynamic properties of 2′-O-methyl RNA/RNA heteroduplexes (2007)

Modified nucleotides are useful tools to study the structures, biological functions and chemical and thermodynamic stabilities of nucleic acids. Derivatives of 2,6-diaminopurine riboside (D) are one type of modified nucleotide. The presence of an additional amino group at position 2 relative to adenine results in formation of a third hydrogen bond when interacting with uridine. New method for chemical synthesis of protected 3'-O-phosphoramidite of LNA-2,6-diaminopurine riboside is described. The derivatives of 2'-O-methyl-2,6-diaminopurine and LNA-2,6-diaminopurine ribosides were used to prepare complete 2'-O-methyl RNA and LNA-2'-O-methyl RNA chimeric oligonucleotides to pair with RNA oligonucleotides. Thermodynamic stabilities of these duplexes demonstrated that replacement of a single internal 2'-O-methyladenosine with 2'-O-methyl-2,6-diaminopurine riboside (D(M)) or LNA-2,6-diaminopurine riboside (D(L)) increases the thermodynamic stability (DeltaDeltaG degrees 37) on average by 0.9 and 2.3 kcal/mol, respectively. Moreover, the results fit a nearest neighbor model for predicting duplex stability at 37 degrees C. D-A and D-G but not D-C mismatches formed by D(M) or D(L) generally destabilize 2'-O-methyl RNA/RNA and LNA-2'-O-methyl RNA/RNA duplexes relative to the same type of mismatches formed by 2'-O-methyladenosine and LNA-adenosine, respectively. The enhanced thermodynamic stability of fully complementary duplexes and decreased thermodynamic stability of some mismatched duplexes are useful for many RNA studies, including those involving microarrays.
Interlaminar Shear Stresses and Laminae Separation in a Disc (1995)

The interlaminar shear stresses being higher in the posterolateral regions of the intact disc reinforces that, from clinical studies, tears originate in the posterolateral portion of the disc. The large interlaminar shear stresses, caused by asymmetry in the disc structure due to injury, along with chemical and structural changes in the disc with age, may be an important cause of further degeneration through laminae separation. This is the case for traditional composite laminates. This study points out the importance of interlaminar shear stresses to gain further understanding of the role of mechanical factors in producing disc degeneration, especially delamination of the anulus. Clinical relevance of the findings and possible relationship to the aging process are explored.
Synthesis and Metabolism of 5-Alkylpyrimidine-2-carboxylic Acids (1979)

The metabolism of 5-propylpyrimidine-2-carboxylic acid, an azalogue of fusaric acid, has been investigated.The chain-elongated * (0.20) (0.23) (1.00) * (0.09) (0.13) (1.00) * (0.04) (0.06) (1.00) * relative intensity T o t a l i o n m o n i t o r i n gb " " " " ' P L " " ~~l " " " " " ' l ' m DD
Adhesion of committed human hematopoietic progenitors to synthetic peptides from the C-terminal heparin-binding domain of fibronectin: cooperation between the integrin alpha 4 beta 1 and the CD44 adhesion receptor (1994)

Close interaction of human hematopoietic progenitors with the bone marrow microenvironment is important for the ordered progression of human hematopoiesis. Progenitor cell adhesion to stroma has a complex molecular basis, involving various cell-extracellular matrix and cell-cell interactions. We have previously shown that adhesion of colony-forming cells (CFC) to fibronectin, present in stromal extracellular matrix, involves multiple sites, including two heparin-binding synthetic peptides (FN-C/H I and FN-C/H II) and the alpha 4 beta 1 integrin-binding peptide CS1. These synthetic peptides are located in close proximity in the type III repeat 14 and the immediately adjacent type IIIcs region of fibronectin. In the current study, we evaluate receptors expressed by CFC responsible for their adhesion to fibronectin. We show that the alpha 4 beta 1 integrin mediates adhesion to CFC to the peptides FN-C/H I and CS1. Adhesion of CFC to fibronectin is also mediated by proteoglycans, because removal of cell surface chondroitin-sulfate proteoglycans resulted in decreased adhesion of CFC to FN-C/ I and FN-C/H II. The core protein of this proteoglycan was identified by immunoprecipitation as a 90-kD member of the CD44 group of adhesion molecules. Interestingly, although the proteoglycan core protein failed to adhere to FN-C/H II affinity columns, anti-CD44 monoclonal antibodies blocked CFC adhesion to FN-C/H II, indicating that these monoclonal antibodies may interfere with core protein-mediated intracellular signalling. Finally, we show that CD44 and alpha 4 beta 1 may cooperate in establishing progenitor adhesion, because anti-CD44 antibodies potentiated the adhesion-inhibitory effects of suboptimal concentrations of anti-alpha 4 or anti-beta 1 monoclonal antibodies. These results provide a working model for progenitor cell recognition of fibronectin (and possibly the marrow micro-environment) in which the coordinated action of integrins and cell surface proteoglycans is necessary for cell adhesion. This model can now be used to study the complex relationship between progenitor cell adhesion and the regulation of their proliferation and differentiation.