gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Amplification and detection of lentiviral DNA inside cells. (1990)

Visna virus and human immunodeficiency virus are prototypes of animal and human lentiviruses, respectively, that persist and are disseminated despite the host immune response because cells in the tissues and the bloodstream harbor viral genomes in a covert state. To facilitate identification of these latently infected cells, the polymerase chain reaction has been adapted to amplify viral DNA in fixed cells for detection by in situ hybridization. By using a multiple primer set that generates DNA segments with overlapping cohesive termini, visna virus DNA can be amplified, retained, and detected in infected cells with sensitivities that exceed those of existing methods by more than 2 orders of magnitude. This advance in single-cell technology should prove useful in diagnosing and gaining insight into the pathogenesis of viral infections and provide new opportunities to look for viruses in chronic diseases of unknown etiology.
The new New Englanders (1992)

Emigration and immigration; Immigrants; New England
Accrual-Based and Real Activities Based Earnings Management Behavior of Family Firms in Japan (2015)

We have explored the extent of accrual-based and real activities-based earnings management using data from family and non-family firms in Japan. Family firms are expected to have lower agency costs because family shareholders and management are more congruent in their pursuit of mutual firm goals and seek lower levels of earnings management. However, this collusion may lead to entrenchment and higher levels of earnings management, which becomes opaque to outside shareholders. A founding family is concerned with the reputation of their firm for sustained socioemotional wealth and family firms may conduct cosmetic earnings management to conceal bad news. We empirically assess the levels of earnings management and investigate whether the level will be lower or higher for family or non-family firms, and identify which method is more costly. The level of accruals and cost may vary among the family firm types; that is, whether or not shareholdings are large or the CEO is from the founding family. We find that the level of both accrual-based and real activity measures is lower for family firms. With cross-section regressions, we find that family shareholding increase the level of abnormal accruals management, whereas the family CEO decreases the level of abnormal accruals, but in both cases the amounts were not significant. We also find that family-related variables decrease the levels of real-activities earnings management. When we introduce economic measures related to the costs of earnings management, we find that Japanese family firms utilize accrual-based earnings management more often than real activities-based earnings management.
Combining modality specific deep neural networks for emotion recognition in video (2013)

In this paper we present the techniques used for the University of Montréal's team submissions to the 2013 Emotion Recognition in the Wild Challenge. The challenge is to classify the emotions expressed by the primary human subject in short video clips extracted from feature length movies. This involves the analysis of video clips of acted scenes lasting approximately one-two seconds, including the audio track which may contain human voices as well as background music. Our approach combines multiple deep neural networks for different data modalities, including: (1) a deep convolutional neural network for the analysis of facial expressions within video frames; (2) a deep belief net to capture audio information; (3) a deep autoencoder to model the spatio-temporal information produced by the human actions depicted within the entire scene; and (4) a shallow network architecture focused on extracted features of the mouth of the primary human subject in the scene. We discuss each of these techniques, their performance characteristics and different strategies to aggregate their predictions. Our best single model was a convolutional neural network trained to predict emotions from static frames using two large data sets, the Toronto Face Database and our own set of faces images harvested from Google image search, followed by a per frame aggregation strategy that used the challenge training data. This yielded a test set accuracy of 35.58%. Using our best strategy for aggregating our top performing models into a single predictor we were able to produce an accuracy of 41.03% on the challenge test set. These compare favorably to the challenge baseline test set accuracy of 27.56%.
An improved Huffman coding method for archiving text, images, and music characters in DNA (2009)

An improved Huffman coding method for information storage in DNA is described. The method entails the utilization of modified unambiguous base assignment that enables efficient coding of characters. A plasmid-based library with efficient and reliable information retrieval and assembly with uniquely designed primers is described. We illustrate our approach by synthesis of DNA that encodes text, images, and music, which could easily be retrieved by DNA sequencing using the specific primers. The method is simple and lends itself to automated information retrieval.
Ytterbium-stabilized -sialon ceramics (1996)

Dense, Yb-doped -sialon ceramics of the composition , with , together with some Yb-based - and -sialon ceramics containing an excess of glassy phase, have been prepared by hot-pressing at . These materials were subsequently heat-treated in the temperature range for different periods. It was found that Yb-doped -sialon forms within a wide composition region, with x ranging from 0.3 to more than 1.0, and that -sialon is stable over a large temperature interval and during heat treatment times of up to 30 days. The -sialon phase coexists with a liquid phase at and with crystalline phases such as the Yb garnet and/or J phase at . Further heat treatment at revealed that initially (during the first 24 h) the -sialon phase reacts with the residual liquid grain-boundary phase, yielding a material which contains an Yb-stabilized garnet phase, besides the -sialon phase, but no glassy phase. This phase assembly is stable upon further heat treatment (30 days). Samples containing Yb-doped -sialon in conjunction with an amorphous intergranular phase show very high hardness and fracture toughness in the range of at room temperature, and mechanical data in the same range were obtained for samples exposed to prolonged heat treatment at . Elongated -sialon grains were found in samples with high x values, but their presence did not affect the mechanical properties significantly.
Economics of WiFi Offloading: Trading Delay for Cellular Capacity (2014)

Cellular networks are facing severe traffic overloads due to the proliferation of smart handheld devices and traffic-hungry applications. A cost-effective and practical solution is to offload cellular data through WiFi. Recent theoretical and experimental studies show that a scheme, referred to as delayed WiFi offloading, can significantly save the cellular capacity by delaying users' data and exploiting mobility and thus increasing chance of meeting WiFi APs (Access Points). Despite a huge potential of WiFi offloading in alleviating mobile data explosion, its success largely depends on the economic incentives provided to users and operators to deploy and use delayed offloading. In this paper, we study how much economic benefits can be generated due to delayed WiFi offloading, by modeling the interaction between a single provider and users based on a two-stage sequential game. We first analytically prove that WiFi offloading is economically beneficial for both the provider and users. Also, we conduct trace-driven numerical analysis to quantify the practical gain, where the increase ranges from 21% to 152% in the providers revenue, and from 73% to 319% in the users surplus.
Effect of freeze‐drying or γ‐irradiation on remodeling of tendon allograft in a rat model (1997)

Freezing or freeze-drying and gamma-irradiation are techniques currently used for processing tendon allografts. However, it is still unknown how these processing methods affect graft remodeling. In this study, we used a rat patellar tendon transplantation model to investigate the effect of various processing methods on remodeling by quantifying loss of collagen labeled with a radioactive isotope. The grafts were divided into the following four groups according to the processing method: fresh-frozen, freeze-dried, fresh-frozen and gamma-irradiated, or freeze-dried and gamma-irradiated. The percentage of donor collagen, calculated from hydroxyproline content and radioactivity level, was used as an indicator of graft remodeling. At 2 weeks, the level of donor collagen in the fresh-frozen group was 62%; in the freeze-dried group, 59%; in the fresh-frozen and irradiated group, 57%; and in the freeze-dried and irradiated group, 44%. At 4 weeks, the percentage of donor collagen remaining in grafts decreased to 38% in the fresh-frozen group, 19% in the freeze-dried group, 27% in the fresh-frozen and irradiated group, and 12% in the freeze-dried and irradiated group. Finally, at 12 weeks, the levels were 19% in the fresh-frozen group, 20% in the freeze-dried group, 15% in the fresh-frozen and irradiated group, and 6% in the freeze-dried and irradiated group. The percentages of donor collagen in the freeze-dried and the fresh-frozen and irradiated groups were significantly lower than that in the fresh-frozen group at 4 weeks. The values for the freeze-dried and irradiated group were significantly lower than those for the fresh-frozen and irradiated group at 4 and 12 weeks. These data suggest that freeze-drying, freeze-drying followed by gamma-irradiation, and fresh-freezing followed by gamma-irradiation temporarily accelerate graft remodeling.
Air gap integration for the 45nm node and beyond (2005)

First promising results including reliability and electromigration of an extendable air gap integration approach obtaining mechanically stable air cavities at the inter-metal dielectric (IMD) level are presented. Extraction of the effective dielectric constant (k/sub eff/) is demonstrated to be 1.45 for non-passivated single damascene structures. Using 45 nm node specifications and the proposed integration scheme, two metal levels are simulated showing a k/sub eff/ of less than 2.0 after full integration, fulfilling multiple future interconnect node requirements.
A new IPT magnetic coupler for electric vehicle charging systems (2010)

Inductive Power Transfer (IPT) is a practical method for recharging Electric Vehicles (EVs) because is it safe, efficient and convenient. Couplers or Power Pads are the power transmitters and receivers used with such contactless charging systems. Due to improvements in power electronic components, the performance and efficiency of an IPT system is largely determined by the coupling or flux linkage between these pads. Conventional couplers are based on circular pad designs and due to their geometry have fundamentally limited magnetic flux above the pad. This results in poor coupling at any realistic spacing between the ground pad and the vehicle pickup mounted on the chassis. Performance, when added to the high tolerance to misalignment required for a practical EV charging system, necessarily results in circular pads that are large, heavy and expensive. A new pad topology termed a flux pipe is proposed in this paper that overcomes difficulties associated with conventional circular pads. Due to the magnetic structure, the topology has a significantly improved flux path making more efficient and compact IPT charging systems possible.
Analysis of material collected on swipes using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (2010)

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was evaluated to determine elements collected on swipes as surface contamination. A series of long laser plasmas formed along the swipe surface (Post-it paper) interrogated the collected contamination. LIBS detection limits, determined for the elements Ag, As, Ba, Be, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, and Zn on swipes (2 cm2 area), ranged from 0.002 μg (Be) to 1.46 μg (Pb). The elements were introduced as constituents of synthetic silicate particles serving as a contaminant dust stimulant. The average predicted mass was within 16% of the actual mass on the swipe. The efficiency of collecting particles from surfaces including plastic, Formica, and Al metal was also evaluated. The ability to detect and differentiate two amino acids on a swipe from each other and from the swipe using chemometric modeling techniques was also demonstrated.
Intranasal Immunization with Plasmid DNA-Lipid Complexes Elicits Mucosal Immunity in the Female Genital and Rectal Tracts (1999)

The development of vaccines against pathogens transmitted across the genito-rectal mucosa that effectively stimulate both secretory IgA Abs and cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the genital tract and CTL in the draining lymph nodes (LN) has proven a major challenge. Here we report a novel, noninvasive approach of genetic vaccination via the intranasal route. Such vaccination elicits immune responses in the genital and rectal mucosa, draining LNs, and central lymphoid system. Intranasal immunization with plasmid DNA-lipid complexes encoding the model Ag firefly luciferase resulted in dissemination of the DNA and the encoded transcript throughout the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, draining LNs, and spleen. Complexing the plasmid DNA with the lipid DMRIE/DOPE enhanced expression of the encoded protein in the respiratory tract, increased specific secretory IgA Ab in the vaginal and rectal tracts, and increased the circulating levels of specific IgA and IgG. In addition, intranasal DNA immunization resulted in generation of Ag-specific CTL that were localized in the genital and cervical LNs and spleen. These results suggest that intranasal immunization with plasmid DNA-lipid complexes may represent a generic immunization strategy against pathogens transmitted across the genito-rectal and other mucosal surfaces.
Evaluation of the hemocompatibility of RADA 16-I peptide (2017)

RADA 16-I is an ionic self-assembling peptide that can form macroscopic scaffolds through β-sheet structures which are used in favor of cell growth and tissue engineering. This peptide has also the ability to stop bleeding effectively and quickly (∼20 seconds) when applied directly to the injuries. This study is focused on coagulation process, platelet aggregation, C3 and C4 concentrations, CBC counting, hemolysis, and white blood cell morphology tests to analyze hemocompatibility of RADA 16-I at different concentrations – 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.5%. According to the results, RADA 16-I hydrogel decreased the number of blood cells, slightly increased clot formation time and platelet aggregation, and yielded negligible hemolysis and only small changes in C3 and C4 concentrations and white blood cell morphology. All by all, the in vitro tests of hemocompatibility showed no perturbation in the blood composition when the peptides were in contact with the blood. The observed rapid hemostasis might be a result of increasing local concentrations of molecules involved in the formation of clot near the peptide hydrogel, thereby making a barrier which ended up with complete hemostasis. In conclusion, our experiments strongly supported further development of biomaterials based on RADA 16-I peptide.
Acoustic Properties of Lens Materials for Ultrasonic Probes (1995)

The acoustic velocities and densities of 20 types of commercial rubber have been measured at a frequency of 2 MHz at room temperature, and they are evaluated in terms of their application to an acoustic lens or an acoustic window of probes of an ultrasonic diagnostic instrument. Fluorosilicone rubber and phoshazene rubber have lower acoustic velocities than the human body, and they have excellent impedance matching with the human body. Both the acoustic velocities and densities of butadiene rubber, polybutadiene rubber, acrylic rubber and polyurethane match those of the human body. It is also described that rubber having good impedance matching with the human body can be fabricated by adjusting the volume fraction of the added filler.
P-Dimethoxy-substituted trans-octahydrobenzo[f]- and -[g]quinolines: synthesis and assessment of dopaminergic agonist effects (1986)

The N-n-propyl homologues of the title compounds were prepared for further assessment of the ability of the "p-dimethoxy" moiety to confer dopaminergic agonism upon a variety of ring systems. Both the angularly and the linearly annulated trans-benzoquinoline ring derivatives displayed prominent DA2 dopaminergic effects on the peripheral sympathetic nerve terminal and displayed postjunctional dopamine receptor agonist properties in the striatum. It is speculated that the angular octahydrobenzo[f]quinoline derivative (but not the linear octahydrobenzo[g]quinoline derivative) may owe its dopamine-like effects to metabolic activation phenomena. In contrast, the cis-fused isomer of the angularly annulated benzoquinoline was inactive, as was the simple benzene derivative N,N-di-n-propyl-beta-(2,6-dimethoxyphenyl)ethylamine.
High Dynamic Range Video Using Split Aperture Camera (2005)

We present a new approach to display High Dynamic Range (HDR) video using gradient based high dynamic range compression. To obtain HDR video, we utilize the split aperture camera. We apply a spatio-temporal gradient based video integration algorithm for fast and accurate integration of the three input HDR videos into a low dynamic range video, which is suitable for display. The spatiotemporal video integration generates videos with temporal coherency and without artifacts. In order to improve the computational speed, we propose using a diagonal multigrid algorithm to solve the Poisson equation. We show experimental results on a variety of dynamic scenes. 1
Application of the Photo-Fries Rearrangement of Aryl N-Chloroacetylanthranylates as Key Step in the Synthesis of 5-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-ones (1993)

Condensation of isatoic anhydride with phenols, followed by treatment of the resulting aryl anthranylates (4) w i t h c h l o r o a c e t y l c h l o r i d e g i v e s a r y l Nchloroacetylanthranylates (5).Their uv-irradiation results in photo-Fries rearrangement, to afford benzophenones (6).Direct treatment of the latter with ammonia gives rise to 1,3quinazolines (7); by contrast, treatment of 6 with potassium iodide and subsequently with ammonia leads to 1,3-dihydro-
Anthropometric parameterisation of a spherical scatterer ITD model with arbitrary ear angles (2015)

Accurate modelling of the interaural time difference (ITD) is crucial for rendering localised sound. Parametric models allow personalising ITDs using anthropometrics. However, the mapping between anthropometric features and model parameters is not straightforward. Here, we propose deriving personalised ITD model parameters from a sphere fitted to a 3-D head scan. The proposed ITD personalisation is evaluated on an HRTF database containing 181 subjects, for a simple spherical ITD model as well as a frequency and elevation-dependent spherical scatterer model with arbitrary ear angles.
State dependent dissociation of HERG channel inhibitors (2007)

Drug molecules dissociate at different rates from open and closed HERG channels ('use-dependent' dissociation). Our data suggest that apparently 'trapped' drugs (group 2) dissociated from the open channel state whereas group 1 compounds dissociated from open and resting states.
Starlight: Interactive Link (2002)

The Interactive Link forms part of a suite of products being developed as part of the Starlight research program. This research program is investigating methods for achieving military-relevant information security capabilities which are genuinely cost-effective. The Interactive Link is a retrofittable device which fits to commercial off-the-shelf workstations and PCs which are connected to classified networks. The Link allows interactive access to low or unclassified networks, such as the Internet, in a manner which is accreditable via the authorising government agencies. The advantage of the Interactive Link over other methods is that it allows untrusted graphical windowing applications, such as X Windows applications or Microsoft Windows applications, to run in a manner permitting users to have windows at differing security levels.
Customizing Polyolefin Morphology by Selective Pairing of Alkali Ions with Nickel Phenoxyimine-Polyethylene Glycol Catalysts (2017)

In the present work, we have prepared nickel phenoxyimine-polyethylene glycol (PEG) catalysts with sterically bulky N-aryl substituents and investigated their ethylene homo- and copolymerization behavior. We have found that different nickel catalyst and alkali ion (Na+ or K+) combinations yielded polyethylene with different branching microstructures and molecular weights. Our heterobimetallic catalysts can copolymerize ethylene and nonpolar α-olefins with high activity but are strongly inhibited in the presence of polar vinyl olefins. We demonstrate that our heterobimetallic catalysts are significantly more stable in ethylene homopolymerization in comparison to conventional nickel phenoxyimine systems on the basis of time-dependent activity studies. This work showcases the versatility of Lewis acid tunable catalyst constructs to prepare customized polyolefins and suggests that similar design strategies could be applied to other catalyst systems.
Handbook of Neurotoxicology (2002)

Neurotoxicology is a broad and burgeoning field of research. Its growth in recent years can be related, in part, to increased interest in and concern with the fact that a growing number of anthropogenic agents with neurotoxic potential, including pesticides, lead, mercury, and the polytypic bypro ducts of combustion and industrial production, continue to be spewed into and accumulate in the environment. In addition, there is great interest in natural products, including toxins, as sources of therapeutic agents. Indeed, it is well known that many natural toxins of broadly differing structure, produced or accumulated for predatory or defensive purposes, and toxic agents, accumulated incidentally by numerous species, function to perturb nervous tissue. Components of some of these toxins have been shown to be useful therapeutic agents and/or research reagents. Unfor­ tunately, the environmental accumulation of some neurotoxic ants of anthropogenic ori­ gin, especially pesticides and metals, has resulted in incidents of human poisoning, some of epidemic proportion, and high levels of morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, an increasing incidence of neurobehavioral disorders, some with baffling symptoms, is confronting clinicians. It is not clear whether this is merely the result of increased vigi­ lance and/or improved diagnostics or a consequence of improved health care. In any case, the role of exposure to environmental and occupational neurotoxic ants in the etiology of these phenomena, as well as neurodegenerative diseases, is coming under increasing scrutiny and investigation.