gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Combined Fluorometric and Electrophysiological Recordings (2003)

Combined electrophysiological and fluorometric recordings have proven to be a powerful tool, especially in the field of neuro-biology. With this combination it became possible to overcome three major limitations of pure electrophysiological measurements. First, high-resolution recordings from cellular compartments distant to the recording electrode became feasible, allowing, for example, the quantification of the occupancy of postsynaptic receptors (Mainen et al., 1999) and the density of voltage-gated Ca2+channels (Sabatini and Svoboda, 2000) at the level of single dendritic spines. Second, the analysis of cellular responses not directly associated with electrical signals became possible. Examples include synaptically evoked Ca2+release from intracellular stores (Takechi et al., 1998; Finch and Augustine, 1998) and Ca2+buffering by endogenous Ca2+-binding proteins (Zhou and Neher, 1993). Third, the spatio-temporal extent of second messenger signals, e.g., during subthreshold synaptic activity (Eilers et al., 1995a) and during the induction of synaptic plasticity (Eilers et al., 1997a) can be monitored by means of fluorescence imaging.
Diversity of Domain V of 23S rRNA Gene Sequence in Different <i>Enterococcus</i> Species (2000)

The highly conserved central loop of domain V of 23S RNA (nucleotides 2042 to 2628; Escherichia coli numbering) is implicated in peptidyltransferase activity and represents one of the target sites for macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin B antibiotics. DNA encoding domain V (590 bp) of several species of Enterococcus was amplified by PCR. Twenty enterococcal isolates were tested, including Enterococcus faecium (six isolates), Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus avium, Enterococcus durans, Enterococcus gallinarum, Enterococcus casseliflavus (two isolates of each), and Enterococcus raffinosus, Enterococcus mundtii, Enterococcus malodoratus, and Enterococcus hirae (one isolate of each). For all isolates, species identification by biochemical testing was corroborated by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The sequence of domain V of the 23S rRNA gene from E. faecium and E. faecalis differed from those of all other enterococci. The domain V sequences of E. durans and E. hirae were identical. This was also true for E. gallinarum and E. casseliflavus. E. avium differed from E. casseliflavus by 23 bases, from E. durans by 16 bases, and from E. malodoratus by 2 bases. E. avium differed from E. raffinosus by one base. Despite the fact that domain V is considered to be highly conserved, substantial differences were identified between several enterococcal species.
Harrington Hall: Destruction and Renewal—A Personal Account (1998)

Harrington Hall situated near Spilsby in Lincolnshire, is a grade I listed building of Tudor origins, which was substantially altered in the late seventeenth century. It caught fire in November 1991, and as a result nearly all of the interior was destroyed. Even though the owners were determined to rebuild and were fully insured, Guy Taylor, architect, with Christopher Nevile, designer, and a team of experts faced a series of problems. They had to devise a method of stabilizing the remaining structure until the roof was on, while coping with post-fire rots and moulds. They had to adapt the house for family life in the late twentieth century, but somehow revive its pre-fire atmosphere. This had to be done in consultation with the conservation officer and to a strict budget, while keeping the team focused and the clients happy. It took more than five years to find solutions that exemplify a particular and evolving response to disaster.
A statistical method for flagging weak spots improves normalization and ratio estimates in microarrays (2001)

Over the last few years, there has been a dramatic increase in the use of cDNA microarrays to monitor gene expression changes in biological systems. Data from these experiments are usually transformed into expression ratios between experimental samples and a common reference sample for subsequent data analysis. The accuracy of this critical transformation depends on two major parameters: the signal intensities and the normalization of the experiment vs. reference signal intensities. Here we describe and validate a new model for microarray signal intensity that has one multiplicative variation and one additive background variation. Using replicative experiments and simulated data, we found that the signal intensity is the most critical parameter that influences the performance of normalization, accuracy of ratio estimates, reproducibility, specificity, and sensitivity of microarray experiments. Therefore, we developed a statistical procedure to flag spots with weak signal intensity based on the standard deviation (delta(ij)) of background differences between a spot and the neighboring spots, i.e., a spot is considered as too weak if the signal is weaker than cdelta(ij). Our studies suggest that normalization and ratio estimates were unacceptable when this threshold (c) is small. We further showed that when a reasonable compromise of c (c = 6) is applied, normalization using trimmed mean of log ratios performed slightly better than global intensity and mean of ratios. These studies suggest that decreasing the background noise is critical to improve the quality of microarray experiments.
A New Metabolic Link between Fatty Acid de NovoSynthesis and Polyhydroxyalkanoic Acid Synthesis (1998)

To investigate the metabolic link between fatty acid de novo synthesis and polyhydroxyalkanoic acid (PHA) synthesis, we isolated mutants of Pseudomonas putida KT2440 deficient in this metabolic route. The gene phaG was cloned by phenotypic complementation of these mutants; it encoded a protein of 295 amino acids with a molecular mass of 33,876 Da, and the amino acid sequence exhibited 44% amino acid identity to the primary structure of the rhlA gene product, which is involved in the rhamnolipid biosynthesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PG201. S1 nuclease protection assay identified the transcriptional start site 239 base pairs upstream of the putative translational start codon. Transcriptional induction of phaG was observed when gluconate was provided, and PHA synthesis occurred from this carbon source. No complementation of the rhlA mutant P. aeruginosa UO299-harboring plasmid pBHR81, expressing phaG gene under lac promoter control, was obtained. Heterologous expression of phaG in Pseudomonas oleovorans, which is not capable of PHA synthesis from gluconate, enabled PHA synthesis on gluconate as the carbon source. Native recombinant PhaG was purified by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis from P. oleovorans-harboring plasmid pBHR81. It catalyzes the transfer of the acyl moiety from in vitro synthesized 3-hydroxydecanoyl-CoA to acyl carrier protein, indicating that PhaG exhibits a 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA-acyl carrier protein transferase activity.
Extraction and Isolation of Antifreeze Proteins from Winter Rye (Secale cereale L.) Leaves (1994)

Apoplastic extracts of cold-acclimated winter rye (Secale cereale L. cv Musketeer) leaves were previously shown to exhibit antifreeze activity. The objectives of the present study were to identify and characterize individual antifreeze proteins present in the apoplastic extracts. The highest protein concentrations and antifreeze activity were obtained when the leaf apoplast was extracted with ascorbic acid and either CaCl2 or MgSO4. Seven major polypeptides were purified from these extracts by one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under nonreducing conditions. The five larger polypeptides, of 19, 26, 32, 34, and 36 kD, exhibited significant levels of antifreeze activity, whereas the 11- and 13-kD polypeptides showed only weak activity. Five of these polypeptides migrated with higher apparent molecular masses on SDS gels after treatment with 0.1 M dithiothreitol, which indicated the presence of intramolecular disulfide bonds. The apparent reduction of the disulfide bonds did not eliminate antifreeze activity in four of the polypeptides that contained intramolecular disulfide bonds and exhibited significant levels of antifreeze activity. The amino acid compositions of these polypeptides were similar in that they were all relatively enriched in the residues Asp/Asn, Glu/Gln, Ser, Thr, Gly, and Ala; they all lacked His, except for the 26-kD polypeptide, and they contained up to 5% Cys residues. These polypeptides were examined with antisera to other cystine-containing antifreeze proteins from fish and insects, and no common epitopes were detected. We conclude that cold-acclimated winter rye leaves produce multiple polypeptides with antifreeze activity that appear to be distinct from antifreezes produced by fish and insects.
43.3: A Novel Flexible AMOLED with Touch Based on Flexible Universal Plane for Display Technology (2011)

Abstract A flexible thin film transistor (TFT) backplane, OLED, and the flexible projective capacitive touch sensing film were successfully developed and integrated with colorless and transparent Polyimide (PI) substrate for the first flexible touch AMOLED display based on the flexible universal plane for display (FlexUPD) technology. This unique substrate handling technology is not only compatible with the current TFT manufacturing facilities but also allows us to use the same design rule of TFT backplane as that on the glass.
Plasma-deposited organosilicon thin films as dry resists for deep ultraviolet lithography (1990)

Organosilicon thin films have been formed by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition and employed as deep-UV photoresists. Films 20–200 nm thick were deposited from liquid organosilicon sources onto carbon-based planarizing layers and patterned in projection with a 193 nm excimer laser. At fluences below ∼5 mJ/cm2/pulse, exposure to 193 nm radiation induced oxygen incorporation into the film. Following either a wet or dry development step, negative-tone imaging was achieved, with the remaining photooxidized film being highly resistant to the O2 reactive ion etching employed in the subsequent pattern transfer step. At higher fluences, ∼15 mJ/cm2, positive-tone imaging by self-development was obtained for single-pulse exposures.
Polymerized Lyotropic Liquid Crystal Assemblies for Materials Applications (2001)

The development of functional materials with nanometer-scale architectures and the effect of these architectures on their chemical and physical properties are currently of great interest in materials design. Polymerizable lyotropic liquid crystal (LLC) assemblies provide a facile entry into this area by allowing one to fix the inherent order in these systems using covalent bonds to create robust, nanostructured materials. The use of the cross-linked inverted hexagonal phase in templated nanocomposite formation and heterogeneous catalysis has been demonstrated. Additionally, the polymerization of LLC mesogens in the regular hexagonal and bicontinuous cubic phases is being targeted for future developments in functional materials. Future directions for new applications of these materials are also discussed.
Fabrication of Fresnel zone plate embedded in silica glass by femtosecond laser pulses (2002)

We fabricated the Fresnel zone plate by embedding voids in silica glass. We investigated the focusing properties by launching a He-Ne laser beam into the zone plate. The spot size of the primary focal point was 7.0 mum and agreed with the theoretical value of 6.1 mum. The diffraction efficiency was 2.0 %. This technique enables us to make alignment free micro-scale lenses inside bulk materials.
Functional genomics of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i>: identification of a β‐1,4 galactosyltransferase and generation of mutants with altered lipopolysaccharide (2000)

A previously annotated open reading frame (ORF) (HP0826) from Helicobacter pylori was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli cells and determined to be a beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase that used GlcNAc as an acceptor. Mutational analysis in H. pylori strains demonstrated that this enzyme plays a key role in the biosynthesis of the type 2 N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc) polysaccharide O-chain backbone, by catalysing the addition of Gal to GlcNAc. To examine the potential role of this O-chain structure in bacterial colonization of the host stomach, the mutation was introduced into H. pylori strain SS1 which is known to be capable of colonizing the gastric mucosa of mice. Compared with the parental strain, mutated SS1 was less efficient at colonizing the murine stomach.
Die Darstellung von Germaniumwasserstoffen aus Magnesiumgermanid und Hydraziniumchlorid in wasserfreiem Hydrazin (1958)

Abstract Es wird eine neue Methode zur Darstellung von Germaniumwasserstoffen beschrieben, nach der Magnesiumgermanid mit HCl in Hydrazin als Reaktionsmedium zersetzt wird. Die Bedingungen für eine möglichst hohe Germaniumwasserstoffausbeute wurden ermittelt: Danach trägt man Magnesiumgermanid bei 60–70°C in eine Lösung von Hydraziniumdichlorid in völlig wasserfreiem Hydrazin ein. Die Zersetzung des Germanides erfolgt mit einem Säureüberschuß von 120% – bezogen auf die stöchiometrisch notwendige Menge – bei einer Konzentration der HCl im Hydrazin von 3 Mol/l. Die Germaniumwasserstoffausbeute liegt zwischen 70 und 80%, wobei das Rohgas neben 2 bis 3% Digerman nur aus Monogerman besteht. Das so gewonnene Rohgerman gleicht damit in Ausbeute und Zusammensetzung dem von K RAUS und C ARNEY im Ammonosystem erhaltenen Germaniumhydrid‐Gemisch. An Hand der Zersetzung von Magnesiumgermanid in wasserfreiem Hydrazin wird gezeigt, daß der Germaniumwasserstoffbildung im wäßrigen und nichtwäßrigen Medium unterschiedliche Reaktionsabläufe zugrunde liegen müssen.
Contemporary Optics for Scientists and Engineers (1976)

Contemporary optics for scientists and engineers , Contemporary optics for scientists and engineers , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Determination of the Molecular-Weight Distribution of Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins Using High-Performance Gel Permeation Chromatography. (1993)

The molecular-weight distribution of commercially available low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) was estimated by high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) using a LMWH molecular-weight calibrant, supplied by the National Institute for Biological Standards and Control for the calibration of columns. This calibrant is a mixture of many polysaccharides with a disaccharide unit prepared by a random depolymerization of unfractionated heparin, and the ends of the fragments have a UV absorption. The ratio of the refractive index to the UV absorption is a relative measure of molecular weight. Various molecular-weight parameters such as weight-, number- or z-average molecular-weights, polydispersity and relative distributions of high, middle and low molecular-weight components were estimated, indicating that LMWHs have a wide variation in molecular-weight distribution. This variation was ascribed to the difference in preparation methods from unfractionated heparins.
Microencapsulation using vibrating technology (2011)

For over a half a century now, microencapsulation has played a very important role in many industries and in the recent decades, this versatile technology has been applied to numerous biotechnology and medical processes. However, successful application in these areas requires a methodology which has the capability to produce mono-dispersed, homogenous-shaped capsules, with a narrow size distribution, using a short production time. The manufacture of capsules using vibrating technology has gained significant interest mainly due to its simplistic approach to produce homogenous microcapsules with the desired characteristics for biotechnological and medical processes. However, certain limitations still exist for this methodology, which include the inability to manufacture microcapsules at large quantities and/or using highly viscous polymers. In this review, a detailed description of the theoretical and practical aspects behind the production of different types of alginate-based microcapsules, for application in biotechnological and medical processes, using vibrating technology, is given.
Connecting africa using the TV white spaces: from research to real world deployments (2015)

More than 4 billion people are not connected to the Internet. This is either because there is no infrastructure or because Internet access is not affordable. This digital divide is extreme in Africa. At Microsoft, we have been investigating various technologies to bridge this divide. In this paper we describe our research around the TV White Spaces, and how we have leveraged it, and worked with our partners to connect communities in Kenya, Tanzania, Ghana, Botswana, Namibia and South Africa.
Adenylate cyclase responsiveness to hormones in various portions of the human nephron. (1980)

The action sites for parathyroid hormone (PTH), salmon calcitonin (SCT), and arginine-vasopressin (AVP) were investigated along the human nephron by measuring adenylate cyclase activity, using a single tubule in vitro microassay. Well-localized segments of tubule were isolated by microdissection from five human kidneys unsuitable for transplantation. PTH (10 IU/ml) increased adenylate cyclase activity in the convoluted and the straight proximal tubule, in the medullary and cortical portions of the thick ascending limb, and in the early portion of the distal convoluted tubule (corresponding stimulated:basal activity ratios were 64, 19, 10, 18, and 22, respectively). SCT (10 ng/ml) increased adenylate cyclase activity in the medullary and cortical portions of the thick ascending limb, in the early portion of the distal convoluted tubule, and, to a lesser extent, in the cortical and the medullay collecting tubule (activity ratios were 7, 14, 15, 3, and 3, respectively). AVP (1 microM) stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in the terminal nephron segments only, i.e., the late portion of the distal convoluted tubule, the cortical and medullary portions of the collecting tubule (activity ratios 81, 51, and 97, respectively). As measured in one experiment, nearly one-half maximal responses were obtained with 0.1 IU/ml PTH or 0.3 ng/ml SCT in thick ascending limbs and with 1 nM AVP in collecting tubules, suggesting that enzyme sensitivity to hormones as well preserved under the conditions used in this study.
Systemic venous circulation. Waves propagating on a windkessel: relation of arterial and venous windkessels to systemic vascular resistance (2005)

Compared with arterial hemodynamics, there has been relatively little study of venous hemodynamics. We propose that the venous system behaves just like the arterial system: waves propagate on a time-varying reservoir, the windkessel, which functions as the reverse of the arterial windkessel. During later diastole, pressure increases exponentially to approach an asymptotic value as inflow continues in the absence of outflow. Our study in eight open-chest dogs showed that windkessel-related arterial resistance was approximately 62% of total systemic vascular resistance, whereas windkessel-related venous resistance was only approximately 7%. Total venous compliance was found to be 21 times larger than arterial compliance (n = 3). Inferior vena caval compliance (0.32 +/- 0.015 ml x mmHg(-1) x kg(-1); mean +/- SE) was approximately 14 times the aortic compliance (0.023 +/- 0.002 ml x mmHg(-1) x kg(-1); n = 8). Despite greater venous compliance, the variation in venous windkessel volume (i.e., compliance x windkessel pulse pressure; 7.8 +/- 1.1 ml) was only approximately 32% of the variation in aortic windkessel volume (24.3 +/- 2.9 ml) because of the larger arterial pressure variation. In addition, and contrary to previous understanding, waves generated by the right heart propagated upstream as far as the femoral vein, but excellent proportionality between the excess pressure and venous outflow suggests that no reflected waves returned to the right atrium. Thus the venous windkessel model not only successfully accounts for variations in the venous pressure and flow waveforms but also, in combination with the arterial windkessel, provides a coherent view of the systemic circulation.
TOUCH-LESS PALM PRINT BIOMETRIC SYSTEM (2008)

In this research, we propose an innovative touch-less palm print recognition system. This project is motivated by the public’s demand for non-invasive and hygienic biometric technology. For various reasons, users are concerned about touching the biometric scanners. Therefore, we propose to use a low-resolution web camera to capture the user’s hand at a distance for recognition. The users do not need to touch any device for their palm print to be extracted for analysis. A novel hand tracking and palm print region of interest (ROI) extraction technique are used to track and capture the user’s palm in real time video streams. The discriminative palm print features are extracted based on a new way that applies local binary pattern (LBP) texture descriptor on the palm print directional gradient responses. Experiments show promising result by using the proposed method. Performance can be further improved when a modified probabilistic neural network (PNN) is used for feature matching.
The Availability of the Disulfide Bonds of Human and Bovine Serum Albumin and of Bovine γ-Globulin to Reduction by Thioglycolic Acid (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Availability of the Disulfide Bonds of Human and Bovine Serum Albumin and of Bovine γ-Globulin to Reduction by Thioglycolic AcidEphraim Katchalski, George S. Benjamin, and Violet GrossCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 15, 4096–4099Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01572a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01572a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views593Altmetric-Citations115LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Word-sense disambiguation using statistical methods (1991)

We describe a statistical technique for assigning senses to words. An instance of a word is assigned a sense by asking a question about the context in which the word appears. The question is constructed to have high mutual information with the translation of that instance in another language. When we incorporated this method of assigning senses into our statistical machine translation system, the error rate of the system decreased by thirteen percent.
Supercomputers on the internet: a case study (1987)

This paper will discuss the design of a TCP/IP implementation and its upper level protocols on the University of Illinois supercomputer. We will also discuss some of the issues peculiar to TCP communication with a supercomputer, and some of the special problems encountered while writing and debugging under CTSS, which is not an environment particularly conducive to network development.