gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ESP (2002)

In this paper, we present a new algorithm for partial program verification that runs in polynomial time and space. We are interested in checking that a program satisfies a given temporal safety property. Our insight is that by accurately modeling only those branches in a program for which the property-related behavior differs along the arms of the branch, we can design an algorithm that is accurate enough to verify the program with respect to the given property, without paying the potentially exponential cost of full path-sensitive analysis.We have implemented this "property simulation" algorithm as part of a partial verification tool called ESP. We present the results of applying ESP to the problem of verifying the file I/O behavior of a version of the GNU C compiler (gcc, 140,000 LOC). We are able to prove that all of the 646 calls to .fprintf in the source code of gcc are guaranteed to print to valid, open files. Our results show that property simulation scales to large programs and is accurate enough to verify meaningful properties.
Phase Error Compensation Technique for Improved Synthetic Aperture Radar Performance (1997)

adar data contain phase errors whose sources include uncompensated platform motion and transmitter and receiver phase errors. Achieving theoretical resolution from a pulse compression system requires a method to minimize those phase errors. This article discusses a method of estimating and correcting phase errors in synthetic aperture radar data. The method requires that one or more stationary point targets be included in the data. The phase history of each reference target is estimated for the period in which the target is in the view of the radar. The phase error, computed as the deviation from the theoretical phase function, is estimated and removed from the raw data. Unfortunately, conventional continuous phase measurement requires high signal-to-noise ratio. To increase the effective signal-to-noise ratio of the raw reference target data, the targets are extracted after matched filtering, and the resulting data are inverse matched filtered. In one test data set, this phase correction method improved the synthetic aperture radar image resolution by 50%. (
Print Me If You Dare: Firmware Modification Attacks and the Rise of Printer Malware (2011)

Network printers are ubiquitous fixtures within the modern IT infrastructure. Residing within sensitive networks and lacking in security, these devices represent high-value targets that can theoretically be used not only to manipulate and exfiltrate the sensitive information such as network credentials and sensitive documents, but also as fully functional general-purpose bot-nodes which give attackers a stealthy, persistent foothold inside the victim network for further recognizance, exploitation and exfiltration.
Switchable holographic gratings formed using polymer dispersed liquid crystals (2002)

The formation, characterization, and performance of switchable Bragg gratings formed by anisotropic phase separation of liquid crystals (LC) into periodic arrays are discussed. Examples of transmission and reflection gratings are shown in addition to possible diffractive optic applications.
Inducible Genetic Suppression of Neuronal Excitability (1999)

Graded, reversible suppression of neuronal excitability represents a logical goal of therapy for epilepsy and intractable pain. To achieve such suppression, we have developed the means to transfer "electrical silencing" genes into neurons with sensitive control of transgene expression. An ecdysone-inducible promoter drives the expression of inwardly rectifying potassium channels in polycistronic adenoviral vectors. Infection of superior cervical ganglion neurons did not affect normal electrical activity but suppressed excitability after the induction of gene expression. These experiments demonstrate the feasibility of controlled ion channel expression after somatic gene transfer into neurons and serve as the prototype for a novel generalizable approach to modulate excitability.
Theoretical analysis of evolutionary algorithms with an infinite population size in continuous space. Part II: Analysis of the diversification role of crossover (1994)

For pt. I see ibid., p. 102-19. In this part of the paper the authors concentrate on the unique diversification role of the crossover operator in genetic algorithms. The explorative behavior of a generic crossover operator is revealed through a detailed large-sample analysis. Recursive equations for the population distributions are derived for a uniform crossover operator in multi-dimensional continuous space, showing how the crossover operator probes new regions of the solution space while keeping the population within the feasible region. The results of this analysis can be extended to the setting of a discrete space in a straightforward manner, shedding much light on the understanding of the essential role of crossover in genetic algorithms.
Molecular cloning, transcriptional analysis, and nucleotide sequence of lacR, a gene encoding the repressor of the lactose phosphotransferase system of Lactococcus lactis. (1990)

The repressor gene (lacR) of the lactose phosphotransferase system of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis strain MG1820 has been cloned and characterized. Transcription of lacR, into a 1.2-kilobase monocistronic messenger, is repressed approximately 5-fold during growth on lactose. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the lacR gene showed the presence of an open reading frame of 861 base pairs. The deduced amino acid sequence of LacR is homologous to three Escherichia coli regulatory proteins (DeoR, FucR, and GutR) and includes a N-terminal domain (helix-turn-helix) involved in DNA binding and a C-terminal domain that may be responsible for inducer binding. The in vivo function of LacR has been determined by introducing multiple copies of lacR into L. lactis, under control of its own or the unrelated prtP promoter. Growth rates and lactose phosphotransferase system enzyme activities were measured during growth on lactose and glucose. The presence of lacR on a multicopy plasmid resulted in the decrease of lactose phosphotransferase system activity, whereas only on lactose a decrease (25%) of growth rate was observed. No significant difference in growth rate was observed on glucose, indicating that LacR specifically represses the lactose genes of L. lactis.
Immigration on the rise: a battleground within the Australian Democrats (2017)

The National Executive of the Australian Democrats and the elected members of that party have a history of finding it hard to represent the wishes of the party’s members on the questions of population and immigration. In 1996 John Coulter analysed the problem (see People and Place vol. 4 no. 3) and reported how it was that at last, in 1995, the members were able to persuade the elite to accept the immigration policy that the members preferred. Since then the party elite has regrouped and, through a number of procedural manoeuvres, appear to have outflanked the members again. This leaves the party with an inadequate immigration policy and its reputation for internal democracy tarnished. Copyright. Monash University and the author/s
Macro- and micro-expression spotting in long videos using spatio-temporal strain (2011)

We propose a method for the automatic spotting (temporal segmentation) of facial expressions in long videos comprising of macro- and micro-expressions. The method utilizes the strain impacted on the facial skin due to the non-rigid motion caused during expressions. The strain magnitude is calculated using the central difference method over the robust and dense optical flow field observed in several regions (chin, mouth, cheek, forehead) on each subject's face. This new approach is able to successfully detect and distinguish between large expressions (macro) and rapid and localized expressions (micro). Extensive testing was completed on a dataset containing 181 macro-expressions and 124 micro-expressions. The dataset consists of 56 videos collected at USF, 6 videos from the Canal-9 political debates, and 3 low quality videos found on the internet. A spotting accuracy of 85% was achieved for macro-expressions and 74% of all micro-expressions were spotted.
New Anticoagulants for Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism (2004)

Treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE) usually starts with concomitant administration of heparin or low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) and a vitamin K antagonist. The parenteral anticoagulant, which is given for at least 5 days, is stopped once the vitamin K antagonist produces a therapeutic level of anticoagulation. Although the introduction of LMWH has simplified the initial treatment of VTE, problems remain. LMWH must be given by daily subcutaneous (SC) injection and vitamin K antagonists require routine coagulation monitoring, which is inconvenient for patients and physicians. Recently, 3 new anticoagulants have been introduced in an attempt to overcome these limitations. These include fondaparinux and idraparinux, synthetic analogs of the pentasaccharide sequence that mediates the interaction of heparin and LMWH with antithrombin, and ximelagatran, an orally active inhibitor of thrombin. These agents produce a predictable anticoagulant response; thus, routine coagulation monitoring is unnecessary. Because they do not bind to platelets or platelet factor 4, fondaparinux and idraparinux do not cause heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). Unlike vitamin K antagonists, ximelagatran has a rapid onset of action, thereby obviating the need for concomitant administration of a parenteral anticoagulant when starting treatment. The lack of an antidote for these new agents is a drawback, particularly for idraparinux, which has a long half-life.
Effect of in vitro hemolysis on chemical values for serum. (1978)

Hemolysis in serum specimens is commonplace. This study examines the effect of hemolysis on results of selected chemical assays. Hemolysis was simulated by adding hemolysate to serum to give hemoglobin concentrations of 90 to 2800 mg/liter and a rating by technologists of 0 to 4 + hemolyzed. The effect of hemolysis on values for some serum constituents, particularly acid phosphatase and creatine kinase, was shown to be method dependent. Not unexpectedly, hemolysis most affects results for lactate dehydrogenase.
Early Estimation of Myocardial Damage in Conscious Dogs and Patients with Evolving Acute Myocardial Infarction (1973)

To estimate the ultimate extent of myocardial damage during evolving myocardial infarction in conscious dogs and patients, we analyzed early serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) changes with nonlinear curve-fitting techniques. In experiments with dogs, serial serum CPK changes were fit to a log-normal function by the least squares method; the extent of the completed infarct was calculated by analysis of observed serum CPK changes and verified by measurement of myocardial CPK depletion 24 h after coronary occlusion. Early prediction of myocardial damage was based on projected serum CPK values from best fit curves based on data obtained during the first 5 h after initial elevation of enzyme activity. The correlation between predicted and observed values was close (r > 0.96, n = 11). In 11 additional conscious animals subjected to coronary occlusion, isoproterenol was administered continuously as soon as damage had been estimated from projected serum CPK values. The extent of the completed infarct was assessed by analysis of all serial serum CPK values and verified by analysis of myocardial CPK depletion 24 h after coronary occlusion. In each experiment the calculated completed infarct size exceeded infarct size projected before administration of isoproterenol (average increase = 44+/-10 [SE]%). When similar calculations were applied in experiments with eight dogs treated with propranolol, myocardial salvage was detected in 50% of the animals. In 30 patients with uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction the extent of the completed infarct, measured by analysis of CPK activity in serum samples obtained every 2 h, was compared with damage estimated from CPK values projected by the best fit log-normal curve derived from data obtained during the first 7 h after the initial serum CPK elevation. The estimate of damage based on early data correlated closely with the extent of infarction calculated from all available serial serum CPK values (r = 0.93, n = 30). Thus, the extent of the completed infarct could be estimated accurately during the early evolution of infarction. In patients with spontaneous extension of infarction manifested by chest pain and electrocardiographic changes, the calculated extent of the completed infarct exceeded that predicted. Conversely, salvage of myocardium, after reduction of myocardial oxygen requirements by administration of trimethaphan, was reflected by reduction of the extent of the calculated completed infarct with respect to that predicted from early serum CPK changes.
Valeriana officinalis L. (1979)

https://thekeep.eiu.edu/herbarium_specimens_byname/9029/thumbnail.jpg
EFFECT OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ON BACTERIOLOGICAL WATER QUALITY IN COASTAL WATERSHEDS (2000)

Human development along the land–seawater interface is considered to have significant environmental consequences. Development can also pose an increased human health risk. In a rapidly developing coastal region we investigated this phenomenon throughout a series of five estuarine watersheds, each of which differed in both the amount and type of anthropogenic development. Over a four-year period we analyzed the abundance and distribution of the enteric pathogen indicator microbes, fecal coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli. We also examined how these indicator microbes were related to physical and chemical water quality parameters and to demographic and land use factors throughout this system of coastal creeks. Within all creeks, there was a spatial pattern of decreasing enteric bacteria away from upstream areas, and both fecal coliform and E. coli abundance were inversely correlated with salinity. Turbidity was positively correlated with enteric bacterial abundance. Enteric bacterial abundance was strongly correlated with nitrate and weakly correlated with orthophosphate concentrations. Neither fecal coliforms nor E. coli displayed consistent temporal abundance patterns. Regardless of salinity, average estuarine fecal coliform abundance differed greatly among the five systems. An analysis of demographic and land use factors demonstrated that fecal coliform abundance was significantly correlated with watershed population, and even more strongly correlated with the percentage of developed land within the watershed. However, the most important anthropogenic factor associated with fecal coliform abundance was percentage watershed-impervious surface coverage, which consists of roofs, roads, driveways, sidewalks, and parking lots. These surfaces serve to concentrate and convey storm-water-borne pollutants to downstream receiving waters. Linear regression analysis indicated that percentage watershed-impervious surface area alone could explain 95% of the variability in average estuarine fecal coliform abundance. Thus, in urbanizing coastal areas waterborne health risks can likely be reduced by environmentally sound land use planning and development that minimizes the use of impervious surface area, while maximizing the passive water treatment function of natural and constructed wetlands, grassy swales, and other “green” areas. The watershed approach used in our study demonstrates that the land–water interface is not restricted to obvious shoreline areas, but is influenced by and connected with landscape factors throughout the watershed.
Two concentric fiber diameters in one laser light cable (2010)

Abstract Different applications for laser material processing, such as cutting and welding, require a modification in the laser beam's quality to produce the best results. Therefore, when switching applications, it is usually necessary to change the laser light cable. The new 2in1 fiber that TRUMPF has developed for the Trulaser cell 7040 fiber contains two concentric fiber core diameters in just one laser light cable. During the cutting process, the laser beam is guided into the inner fiber core and during welding into the outer ring core. The 2in1 fiber causes the laser light to reach the work‐piece with just the right depth of sharpness and the correct beam diameter.
The Asilomar Conference on Fundamentals of Atmospheric Pressure Ionization Techniques, October 8–12, 2010 (2011)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVConference ReviewThe Asilomar Conference on Fundamentals of Atmospheric Pressure Ionization Techniques, October 8–12, 2010Richard B. ColeRichard B. ColeDepartment of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, 2000 Lakeshore Dr., New Orleans, LA 70148, USAMore by Richard B. Cole and Charles N. McEwenCharles N. McEwenDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, 600 South 43rd St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USAMore by Charles N. McEwenCite this: J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 2011, 22, 12, 2282–2286Publication Date (Web):November 3, 2011Publication History Published online3 November 2011Published inissue 1 December 2011https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1007/s13361-011-0257-yhttps://doi.org/10.1007/s13361-011-0257-yreview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2011 © American Society for Mass Spectrometry 2011Request reuse permissionsArticle Views12Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Synthesis and Biological Studies of Novel Nucleoside Phosphoramidate Prodrugs (2001)

A novel approach to the intracellular delivery of nucleotides using phosphoramidate-based prodrugs is described. Specifically, we have developed phosphoramidate prodrugs of the anticancer nucleotide 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine-5'monophosphate (FdUMP). These phosphoramidate prodrugs contain an ester group that undergoes intracellular activation liberating phosphoramidate anion, which undergoes spontaneous cyclization and P-N bond cleavage to yield the nucleoside monophosphate quantitatively. In vitro evaluation of 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine phosphoramidate prodrugs 2a and 3b against L1210 mouse leukemia cells show potent inhibition of cell growth (IC(50) 0.5-3 nM). Cell-based thymidylate synthase inhibition studies show that, in contrast to FUdR, the nitrofuran compound 2a is of comparable potency in wild type vs thymidine kinase deficient LM cells. This result indicates that the activation of this novel prodrug occurs via the proposed mechanism of intracellular delivery. However, naphthoquinone 3b has an IC(50) value for thymidylate synthase inhibition that is comparable to FUdR in thymidine kinase deficient cells. Further studies revealed that 3b rapidly decomposes to the nucleotide in cell culture medium, suggesting that the naphthoquinone analogue is not sufficiently stable to function as a nucleotide prodrug.
Chip-Scale Quadrupole Mass Filters for a Micro Gas Analyzer (2009)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2009.
Expression of the hematopoietic growth factor receptor FLT3 (STK- 1/Flk2) in human leukemias (1996)

Normal expression of the hematopoietic growth factor receptor FLT3 (STK-1@Flk2) is limited to CD34+ stem/progenitor cells. We have evaluated the expression of FLT3 by RNase protection assay and Western blotting in 161 primary bone marrow (BM) samples from patients with leukemia. FLT3 RNA was found to be expressed at a higher level than in normal BM controls in 33 of 33 B-lineage acute leukemias, 11 of 12 acute myeloid leukemias (AMLs), and 3 of 11 T-cell acute leukemias (T-ALLs). Expression of FLT3 RNA was also observed in some cases of blast crisis CML. The FLT3 signal resulted from expression on the leukemic blasts, and was not caused by increased FLT3 expression on normal CD34+ stem/progenitor cells in the leukemic samples. To determine if FLT3 protein was also overexpressed, proteins were extracted from leukemic BM samples and screened by Western blotting with anti-FLT3 antisera. FLT3 protein was not detected in normal BM controls, but was found in 14 of 14 B-lineage ALLs, 36 of 41 AMLs, and 1 of 4 T-ALLs. Stimulation of patient samples with FLT3 ligand resulted in autophosphorylation of the FLT3 receptor, suggesting the receptor is functional in these cells. These data show that FLT3 RNA and protein are aberrantly expressed by AML and ALL cells in that CD34 expression and FLT3 expression are no longer synchronous, and suggest the possibility that overexpression of FLT3 could play a role in the survival and/or proliferation of malignant clones in acute myeloid and lymphoid leukemias.
Preparation of monodispersed hollow polymer particles by seeded emulsion polymerization under low emulsifier conditions (2005)

Abstract In a low emulsifier system, the MMA‐BA‐MAA copolymer emulsions were prepared as seed latices and the seeded emulsion polymerization of MMA‐MAA‐DVB was consequently carried out to prepare carboxylated core particles. The hydrophobic shell was then synthesized onto the core using styrene, acrylonitrile, and divinylbenzene as comonomers. The hollow latex particles were obtained by alkalization treatment of the core‐shell latex particles. The effects of the feeding rate of monomer mixture, contents of emulsifier SDBS and crosslinking agent DVB, and ratio of the monomers during the core stage and shell stage on the morphology and volume expansion of the latex particles were investigated. The results show that the monodispersed hollow latex particles with large size can be obtained when the feeding rate is 0.1 g/min, SDBS content is 0.15 and 0.2 wt % during the core stage and shell stage, respectively, DVB contents are 1% during the preparation of shell copolymers, and the monomer ratio of the core particle to shell layer is 1 : 8. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 1505–1510, 2005
Rapid droplet mixers for digital microfluidic systems (2003)

The mixing of analytes and reagents for a biological or chemical lab-on-a-chip is an important, yet difficult, microfluidic operation. As volumes approach the sub-nanoliter regime, the mixing of liquids is hindered by laminar flow conditions. An electrowetting-based linear-array droplet mixer has previously been reported. However, fixed geometric parameters and the presence of flow reversibility have prevented even faster droplet mixing times. In this paper, we study the effects of varying droplet aspect ratios (height:diameter) on linear-array droplet mixers, and propose mixing strategies applicable for both high and low aspect ratio systems. An optimal aspect ratio for four electrode linear-array mixing was found to be 0.4, with a mixing time of 4.6 seconds. Mixing times were further reduced at this ratio to less than three seconds using a two-dimensional array mixer, which eliminates the effects of flow reversibility. For lower aspect ratio (</=0.2) systems, we present a split-and-merge mixer that takes advantage of the ability to perform droplet splitting at these ratios, resulting in a mixing time of less than two seconds.