gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Origin of neointimal endothelium and α-actin–positive smooth muscle cells in transplant arteriosclerosis (2001)

The development of transplant arteriosclerosis (TA) is today's most important problem in clinical organ transplantation. Histologically, TA is characterized by perivascular inflammation and progressive intimal thickening. Current thought on this process of vascular remodeling assumes that neointimal vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cells and endothelium in TA are graft-derived, holding that medial VSM cells proliferate and migrate into the subendothelial space in response to signals from inflammatory cells and damaged graft endothelium. Using MHC class I haplotype-specific immunohistochemical staining and single-cell PCR analyses, we show that the neointimal alpha-actin-positive VSM cells in rat aortic or cardiac allografts are of recipient and not of donor origin. In aortic but not in cardiac allografts, recipient-derived endothelial cells (ECs) replaced donor endothelium. Cyclosporine treatment prevents neointima formation and preserves the vascular media in aortic allografts. Recipient-derived ECs do not replace graft endothelium after cyclosporine treatment. We propose that, although it progresses beyond the needs of functional repair, TA reflects the activity of a normal healing process that restores vascular wall function following allograft-induced immunological injury.
Uptake of rosuvastatin by isolated rat hepatocytes: comparison with pravastatin (2003)

1. Although multiple cytochrome P450s (CYP) contribute to hepatic phase I metabolism, CYP3A is the principal subfamily present in human and mouse small intestine. 2. Differences in phase I metabolism were investigated using midazolam (MDZ) hydroxylation in mouse liver and intestinal microsomes. The net MDZ metabolite formation rate in intestinal microsomes was approximately 30% that of liver microsomes (at 250 micro M MDZ). 3. Quantitative Western blotting with anti-CYP3A1 antibody detected two bands of immunoreactive protein in both liver and intestinal samples, 2.24 +/- 0.27 (mean +/- SD, n = 3) and 0.64 +/- 0.08 pmol mg(-1) protein, respectively. Qualitative Western blotting with anti-CYP2C11 antibody detected a single band of immunoreactive protein in liver microsomes and no signal in intestinal samples (1 micro g sample). 4. Ketoconazole potently inhibited formation of both alpha- and 4-OH-MDZ metabolites in intestinal microsomes (IC(50)' of 0.126 +/- 0.010 and 0.0955 +/- 0.014 micro M, respectively) and of 4-OH-MDZ formation in mouse liver microsomes (IC(50) of 0.041 +/- 0.003 micro M). However, ketoconazole (5 micro M) did not produce 50% inhibition of alpha-OH-MDZ formation in mouse liver microsomes. Inhibition by ritonavir (5 micro M) produced similar results. 5. MDZ hydroxylation is predominately CYP3A dependent in mouse intestine (compared with mouse liver) since CYP2C is not expressed in the intestine. The importance of CYP3A in the mouse intestine appears to mirror that in humans.
Nitric Oxide Regulates Mitochondrial Fatty Acid Metabolism Through Reversible Protein <i>S</i> -Nitrosylation (2013)

Cysteine S-nitrosylation is a posttranslational modification by which nitric oxide regulates protein function and signaling. Studies of individual proteins have elucidated specific functional roles for S-nitrosylation, but knowledge of the extent of endogenous S-nitrosylation, the sites that are nitrosylated, and the regulatory consequences of S-nitrosylation remains limited. We used mass spectrometry-based methodologies to identify 1011 S-nitrosocysteine residues in 647 proteins in various mouse tissues. We uncovered selective S-nitrosylation of enzymes participating in glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation, indicating that this posttranslational modification may regulate metabolism and mitochondrial bioenergetics. S-nitrosylation of the liver enzyme VLCAD [very long chain acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) dehydrogenase] at Cys(238), which was absent in mice lacking endothelial nitric oxide synthase, improved its catalytic efficiency. These data implicate protein S-nitrosylation in the regulation of β-oxidation of fatty acids in mitochondria.
Determinants of RNA polymerase alpha subunit for interaction with beta, beta', and sigma subunits: hydroxyl-radical protein footprinting. (1996)

Escherichia coli RNA polymerase (RNAP) alpha subunit serves as the initiator for RNAP assembly, which proceeds according to the pathway 2 alpha-->alpha 2-->alpha 2 beta-->alpha 2 beta beta'-->alpha 2 beta beta' sigma. In this work, we have used hydroxyl-radical protein footprinting to define determinants of alpha for interaction with beta, beta', and sigma. Our results indicate that amino acids 30-75 of alpha are protected from hydroxyl-radical-mediated proteolysis upon interaction with beta (i.e., in alpha 2 beta, alpha 2 beta beta', and alpha 2 beta beta' sigma), and amino acids 175-210 of alpha are protected from hydroxyl-radical-mediated proteolysis upon interaction with beta' (i.e., in alpha 2 beta beta' and alpha 2 beta beta' sigma). The protected regions are conserved in the alpha homologs of prokaryotic, eukaryotic, archaeal, and chloroplast RNAPs and contain sites of substitutions that affect RNAP assembly. We conclude that the protected regions define determinants of alpha for direct functional interaction with beta and beta'. The observed maximal magnitude of protection upon interaction with beta and the observed maximal magnitude of protection upon interaction with beta' both correspond to the expected value for complete protection of one of the two alpha protomers of RNAP (i.e., 50% protection). We propose that only one of the two alpha protomers of RNAP interacts with beta and that only one of the two alpha protomers of RNAP interacts with beta'.
Advanced Markov Chain Monte Carlo Methods for Iterative (Turbo) Multiuser Detection (2006)

Recently, Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling methods have evolved as new promising solutions to both multiuser and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) detection problems. Approaches based on Gibbs sampling as a special type of MCMC methods are well suited due to their good trade-off between performance and complexity. However, it is known that detection methods based on Gibbs sampling show a performance degradation in the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regime. We propose an improved version of a soft-input soft-output algorithm, where this degradation effect is considerably mitigated. Employing the algorithm for turbo multiuser detection in overloaded code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems yields excellent performance in comparison to other known detection schemes while offering moderate computational complexity. 1
3D Model Assisted Image Segmentation (2011)

The problem of segmenting a given image into coherent regions is important in Computer Vision and many industrial applications require segmenting a known object into its components. Examples include identifying individual parts of a component for process control work in a manufacturing plant and identifying parts of a car from a photo for automatic damage detection. Unfortunately most of an object's parts of interest in such applications share the same pixel characteristics, having similar colour and texture. This makes segmenting the object into its components a non-trivial task for conventional image segmentation algorithms. In this paper, we propose a "Model Assisted Segmentation" method to tackle this problem. A 3D model of the object is registered over the given image by optimising a novel gradient based loss function. This registration obtains the full 3D pose from an image of the object. The image can have an arbitrary view of the object and is not limited to a particular set of views. The segmentation is subsequently performed using a level-set based method, using the projected contours of the registered 3D model as initialisation curves. The method is fully automatic and requires no user interaction. Also, the system does not require any prior training. We present our results on photographs of a real car.
Loudspeaker utilizing magnetic liquid suspension of the voice coil (1995)

First Page
The role of synchronization in digital communications using chaos. I . Fundamentals of digital communications (1997)

In a digital communications system, data is transmitted from one location to another by mapping bit sequences to symbols, and symbols to sample functions of analog waveforms. The analog waveform passes through a bandlimited (possibly time-varying) analog channel, where the signal is distorted and noise is added. In a conventional system the analog sample functions sent through the channel are weighted sums of one or more sinusoids; in a chaotic communications system, the sample functions are segments of chaotic waveforms. At the receiver, the symbol may be recovered by means of coherent detection, where all possible sample functions are known, or by noncoherent detection, where one or more characteristics of the sample functions are estimated. In a coherent receiver, synchronization is the most commonly used technique for recovering the sample functions from the received waveform. These sample functions are then used as reference signals for a correlator. Synchronization-based receivers have advantages over noncoherent ones in terms of noise performance and bandwidth efficiency. These advantages are lost if synchronization cannot be maintained, for example, under poor propagation conditions. In these circumstances, communication without synchronization may be preferable. The main aim of this paper is to provide a unified approach for the analysis and comparison of conventional and chaotic communications systems. In Part I, the operation of sinusoidal communications techniques is surveyed in order to clarify the role of synchronization and to classify possible demodulation methods for chaotic communications.
Catalyst Enhanced Oxidation of VOCs and Methane in Cold-Plasma Reactors (1999)

Volatile organic compounds, VOCs, are used in a number of industrial processes in a variety of roles, for instance as solvents, cleaners and liquid fuels. During these processes, some of the VOCs, which are known to be air toxins, inevitably escape into the surrounding air. It is the release of this VOC-laden air into the atmosphere that is partly responsible for stratospheric ozone depletion, tropospheric ozone increase, global warming (the Greenhouse Effect) and some health problems. Here, we briefly review some applications of platinum metals catalysts in the abatement of VOCs and in the conversion of methane using cold-plasma techniques. Some information on the abatement of acid gases, the generation and application of non-thermal plasmas is also presented.
Cooperative neighbor disco very for consumer devices in mmWave ad-hoc Networks (2012)

To reduce the neighbor discovery time in mmWave ad-hoc networks, we propose a cooperative neighbor discovery (CoopND) scheme exploiting the 2.4 GHz band with wider omni-range for management procedures and the 60 GHz band with directional beamforming-range for data transmissions. Simulation results demonstrate that CoopND can reduce the average neighbor discovery time significantly, especially when the directional antenna beam is narrow and the number of devices is large.
Pocket Companion to Textbook of Medical Physiology (2000)

Introduction to Physiology: The Cell and General Physiology. Membrane Physiology, Nerve, And Muscle. The Heart. The Circulation. The Kidneys and Body Fluids. Blood Cells, Immunity, And Blood Clotting. Respiration. Aviation, Space, And Deep Sea Diving Physiology. The Nervous System: A. General Principles and Sensory Physiology. The Nervous System: B. The Special Senses. The Nervous System: C. Motor and Integrative Neurophysiology. Gastrointestinal Physiology. Metabolism and Temperature Regulation. Endocrinology and Reproduction. Sports Physiology.
LNA-enhanced DNA FIT-probes for multicolour RNA imaging (2015)

The simultaneous imaging of different RNA molecules in homogeneous solution is a challenge and requires optimisation to enable unambiguous staining of intracellular RNA targets. Our approach relies on single dye forced intercalation (FIT) probes, in which a visco-sensitive reporter of the thiazole orange (TO) family serves as a surrogate nucleobase and provides enhancements of fluorescence upon hybridisation. Previous FIT probes spanned the cyan and green emission range. Herein, we report for the first time chromophores for FIT probes that emit in the red range (above 600 nm). Such probes are valuable to overcome cellular auto-fluorescent background and enable multiplexed detection. In order to find suitable chromophores, we developed a submonomer approach that facilitated the rapid analysis of different TO family dyes in varied sequence positions. A carboxymethylated 4,4'-methine linked cyanine, which we named quinoline blue (QB), provided exceptional response characteristics at the 605 nm emission maximum. Exceeding previously reported base surrogates, the emission of the QB nucleotide intensified by up to 195-fold upon binding of complementary RNA. Owing to large extinction coefficients and quantum yields (up to <i>ε</i> = 129.000 L mol<sup>-1</sup> cm<sup>-1</sup> and <i>Φ</i> = 0.47, respectively) QB-FIT probes enable imaging of intracellular mRNA. A mixture of BO-, TO- and QB-containing FIT probes allowed the simultaneous detection of three different RNA targets in homogenous solution. TO- and QB-FIT probes were used to localize <i>oskar</i> mRNA and other polyadenylated mRNA molecules in developing oocytes from <i>Drosphila melanogaster</i> by means of wash-free fluorescent <i>in situ</i> hybridisation and super resolution microscopy (STED).
Bright red electroluminescent devices using novel second-ligand-contained europium complexes as emitting layers (2001)

With two novel second ligands, 2-(2-pyridyl)benzimidazole (HPBM) and 1-ethyl-2-(2-pyridyl)benzimidazole (EPBM), two europium complexes, Eu(DBM)3HPBM and Eu(DBM)3EPBM (DBM = dibenzoylmethanato), were prepared and used as emitting materials in organic electroluminescent (EL) devices. The devices with the structures ITO/TPD/Eu(DBM)3HPBM (or Eu(DBM)3EPBM)/Al and ITO/TPD/Eu(DBM)3EPBM/AlQ/Al emit red light originating from the europium complexes. The EL luminance of Eu(DBM)3EPBM is much higher than that of Eu(DBM)3HPBM. A maximum luminance of 180 cd m−2 in the triple layered device of Eu(DBM)3EPBM was achieved at 18 V.
A general method for synthesizing optically active 1,3-disubstituted allene hydrocarbons (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA general method for synthesizing optically active 1,3-disubstituted allene hydrocarbonsJohnny M. Walbrick, John W. Wilson Jr., and W. M. JonesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1968, 90, 11, 2895–2901Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01013a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01013a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views220Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Improved Synthesis of Enantiopure Sulfinimines (Thiooxime <i>S</i>-Oxides) from <i>p</i>-Toluenesulfinamide and Aldehydes and Ketones (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTImproved Synthesis of Enantiopure Sulfinimines (Thiooxime S-Oxides) from p-Toluenesulfinamide and Aldehydes and KetonesFranklin A. Davis, Yulian Zhang, Yemane Andemichael, Tianan Fang, Dean L. Fanelli, and Huiming ZhangView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 4, 1403–1406Publication Date (Web):January 22, 1999Publication History Received13 October 1998Published online22 January 1999Published inissue 1 February 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo9820622https://doi.org/10.1021/jo9820622brief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4599Altmetric-Citations189LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Aldehydes,Analytical apparatus,Aromatic compounds,Condensation,Reagents Get e-Alerts
Identification of a novel iron regulated staphylococcal surface protein with haptoglobin‐haemoglobin binding activity (2003)

Staphylococcus aureus is an extremely adaptable pathogen causing a wide variety of infections. Staphylococcal surface proteins that directly interact with host extracellular proteins greatly contribute to virulence and are involved in adhesion, immune escape and nutrient acquisition. In our extensive search for highly immunogenic, in vivo-expressed, staphylococcal proteins, previously, we identified a novel member of the family of Gram-positive anchor motif proteins with a predicted 895 amino acid long sequence. In order to determine the ligand for this novel LPXTG cell wall protein, we employed affinity purification of human plasma using the recombinant form of the protein. Two-dimensional electrophoresis of eluted plasma proteins identified haptoglobin as a specific binding partner. Importantly, we also observed this specific ligand binding when living S. aureus cells were exposed to biotin-labelled haptoglobin (Hp) in a FACS-based assay. Targeted deletion of the gene eliminated Hp-binding, a function that has not been attributed to S. aureus before. Based on these data we specified the protein as the staphylococcal haptoglobin receptor A (HarA). Similarly to other haptoglobin receptors identified in Gram-negative pathogens, HarA binds not only Hp, but also haptoglobin-haemoglobin complexes with an even higher affinity, as demonstrated in in vitro binding assays. Employing specific deletion mutants, ligand binding was localized to two homologous regions with about 145 amino acid residues located within the N-terminal part of the protein. In addition, we demonstrated that expression of HarA was strictly controlled by iron through the iron-dependent transcriptional regulator Fur. Based on these data we propose that HarA can be added to the list of staphylococcal virulence factors with a most likely function related to iron acquisition.
Enhancements of Long Term Ionospheric Anomaly Monitoring for the Ground-Based Augmentation System (2011)

Extremely large ionospheric gradients can pose a potential integrity threat to the users of ground-based augmentation systems (GBAS). A better understanding of the ionospheric behavior (not limited to that during extreme ionospheric activity) is important in the design and operation of GBAS to meet its integrity and availability requirements. A tool for long-term ionosphere monitoring was developed to build an ionosphere threat model, evaluate its validity over the system operation, monitor ionospheric behavior continuously, and update it when necessary. This paper presents the enhanced algorithms of long-term ionospheric anomaly monitoring and evaluates its performance using data from a ionospheric storm day, 20 November 2003, and a nominal day, 9 November 2004. The automation of data processing enables us to more accurately categorize ionospheric behavior under both nominal and anomalous conditions. This paper also demonstrates that the automated procedure of enhanced long-term ionosphere monitoring not only identifies gradients large enough to threaten GBAS users but periodically generates reliable statistics of ionospheric gradients under all conditions. have been observed in the United States during ionospheric storms since April 2000 [1]. The discovery of gradients of this magnitude was a major surprise to the GBAS and LAAS community. The residual range error suffered by a LAAS user at the 200-foot decision height (DH) for a CAT I approach could be as large as 8 meters if such gradients were not observed by the LAAS ground facility (LGF). The configuration of the LGF, user aircraft, ionosphere front, and affected GPS satellite is illustrated in Figure 1. Thus, it required the development of the ionospheric threat model for LAAS use in the Conterminous U.S. (CONUS) to simulate worst-case ionospheric errors that LAAS users might suffer and to develop mitigation strategies [2], [3].
Hyperosmolar Saline Is a Proinflammatory Stress on the Mouse Ocular Surface (2005)

These results show that the hyperosmolarity stimulates expression and production of IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and MMP-9 and activates JNK, ERK, and p38 MAPK signaling pathways on the mouse ocular surface. These findings suggest that hyperosmolar stress, as it may occur in dry eye, promotes ocular surface inflammation.
AN INVESTIGATION INTO DISCREPANCIES BETWEEN SONIC LOG AND SEISMIC CHECK SPOT VELOCITIES (1979)

Well data, and in particular Sonic Logs, are the basis for calibration of seismic data leading to improved reservoir delineation. Sonic data are adjusted to match seismic times by comparison to check shots. Recent improvements in Sonic Logging tend to show that, on average, Sonic velocities are faster than seismic velocities. The main reason appears to be frequency dependance of velocities.
Photothermal nanocomposite membranes for direct solar membrane distillation (2017)

Photothermal membranes that convert light to heat locally on the membrane surface and significantly improve membrane distillation flux and energy efficiency have been reported.