gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis by plasma-soluble fibrin or D-dimer (2005)

The present study was designed to determine the cutoff values of D-dimer and soluble fibrin (SF) for the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) in Japanese patients. Plasma levels of these molecules were measured in 243 patients suspected of having DVT and 100 healthy volunteers (controls). Out of 243 patients, 20 patients were diagnosed with DVT. In the control group, plasma levels of D-dimer and SF did not show normal distribution, and the 95% confidence intervals (CI) of D-dimer and SF were 2.45 microg/mL and 6.92 microg/mL, respectively. Plasma levels of D-dimer and SF of patients with DVT were significantly higher than of those without DVT. In patients with DVT, the minimum values of D-dimer and SF were 1.71 and 1.44 microg/mL, respectively. When the cutoff value was set at the average+1 SD of those of the control (D-dimer, about 1.8 microg/mL; SF, about 1.4 microg/mL), 1 and 0 patient with DVT was overlooked, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of D-dimer and SF for DVT were 95% and 100%, and 61.9% and 53.8%, respectively. When the cutoff value was set at 95% CI of the control (D-dimer, 2.5 microg/mL; SF, 6.9 microg/mL), 2 and 9 patients with DVT were overlooked, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of D-dimer and SF were 90% and 50%, and 77.6% and 88.3%, respectively. When the cutoff values set at 2.5 microg/mL of D-dimer or 6.9 microg/mL of SF, 1 DVT patient was overlooked, with sensitivity and specificity of 95% and 69.5%. Our data suggest that both D-dimer and SF are useful markers for the diagnosis of DVT and that measurement of both D-dimer and SF increases the sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of DVT/PE.
Origins of substrate-topography-induced magnetic anisotropy in sputtered cobalt-alloy films (2002)

Cr(001)/CoCrPt (112̄0) films, used in magnetic hard disks, exhibit in-plane magnetic anisotropy when grown over a substrate patterned with shallow grooves. In this experiment, Cr/CoCrPt films are grown over substrates that have been patterned using lithographic techniques to produce well-controlled topography. The in-plane anisotropy, which is of the order of 104 J m−3, increases with the groove height and frequency. This magnetic anisotropy is a result of anisotropic in-plane crystallographic orientation and anisotropic stress. Stress-induced anisotropy accounts for up to 25% of the total in-plane anisotropy, but the major contribution to the anisotropy is a preferential Co c-axis alignment parallel to the groove direction.
Interaction of an alkylating camptothecin derivative with a DNA base at topoisomerase I-DNA cleavage sites. (1995)

DNA topoisomerase I (top1) is a ubiquitous nuclear enzyme. It is specifically inhibited by camptothecin, a natural product derived from the bark of the tree Camptotheca acuminata. Camptothecin and several of its derivatives are presently in clinical trial and exhibit remarkable anticancer activity. The present study is a further investigation of the molecular interactions between the drug and the enzyme-DNA complex. We utilized an alkylating camptothecin derivative, 7-chloromethyl-10,11-methylenedioxycamptothecin (7-ClMe-MDO-CPT), and compared its activity against calf thymus top1 in a DNA oligonucleotide containing a single top1 cleavage site with the activity of its nonalkylating analog, 7-ethyl-10,11-methylenedioxycamptothecin (7-Et-MDO-CPT). In the presence of top1, 7-ClMe-MDO-CPT produced a DNA fragment that migrated more slowly than the top1-cleaved DNA fragment observed with 7-Et-MDO-CPT. Top1 was unable to religate this fragment in the presence of high NaCl concentration or proteinase K at 50 degrees C. This fragment was resistant to piperidine treatment and was also formed with an oligonucleotide containing a 7-deazaguanine at the 5' terminus of the top1-cleaved DNA (base + 1). It was however cleaved by formic acid treatment followed by piperidine. These observations are consistent with alkylation of the +1 base (adenine or guanine) by 7-ClMe-MDO-CPT in the presence of top1 covalent complexes and provide direct evidence that camptothecins inhibit top1 by binding at the enzyme-DNA interface.
UE's role in LTE advanced heterogeneous networks (2012)

Deployment of low-power nodes such as picocells, femtocells, and relay nodes within macrocell coverage is seen as a cost-effective way to increase system capacity and to equip wireless WANs with the ability to keep up with the increasing demand for data capacity. These new types of deployments are commonly referred to as heterogeneous networks and are currently receiving significant attention in industry. However, simple deployment of low-power nodes can lead to underutilization of air-interface resources due to the relatively small footprint of the lowpower nodes or service outage in the case of femto cells with restricted access. Time-domain interference management techniques by the configuration of almost blank subframes, introduced in LTE Rel-10 standards, allow the removal of most of the interference from the dominant interfering nodes. This mechanism enables cell biasing or cell range extension of weak cells, thereby maximizing the incremental gain provided by the deployment of low-power nodes. The configuration of ABS changes the interference conditions seen by the user equipment and therefore requires corresponding resource-specific measurements and feedback at the UE. In this article, we provide an overview of LTE Rel-10 resource specific radio link monitoring, radio resource management, and channel state information feedback procedures. Also, we provide evaluation results to show that UE receivers, in the detection of weak cells and removal of interference in demodulation of control and data channels, play a critical role in realizing the full potential that the deployment of heterogeneous networks can offer.
IL-17 mRNA in sputum of asthmatic patients: linking T cell driven inflammation and granulocytic influx? (2006)

The data suggest that Th17 cell infiltration in asthmatic airways links T cell activity with neutrophilic inflammation in asthma.
Electrical Resistances of Thin Metal Films before and after Artificial Aging by Heating (1957)

The electrical resistances of thin films of 24 metals, deposited on glass substrates (near room temperature) by evaporation, sputtering, or electroplating, have been measured before and after artificial aging by heating in vacua. Reductions in resistance of 25 to 50% as a result of aging were commonly noted. Evaporated films were reduced from approximately 2ρb to 1.3ρb (resistivity of the bulk metal) and sputtered films from 4–10ρb to 1.5–1.8ρb. A preferred aging temperature, specific to each metal but influenced somewhat by film thickness, was noted. This temperature agreed closely with the temperature of recrystallization of the metal. Thin metal films, as usually deposited, appear to be in a state of strain not associated with the bulk metal as it crystallizes from the melt. The application of heat energy to the film promotes the removal of strains, occluded and adsorbed gas, and the growth of the crystallites of the film. These concurrent actions reduce the electrical resistance of films of 1000 A thickness to a value usually in the range 25–75% above that of the bulk metal.
Experimental Infection of Horses with an Attenuated Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis Vaccine (Strain TC-83) (1972)

Ten horses (Equus caballus) were vaccinated with strain TC-83 Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) virus vaccine. Febrile responses and leukopenia due to a reduction of lymphocytes and neutrophils were observed in all animals. Viremias were demonstrable in eight horses, with a maximum of 10(3.5) median tissue culture infectious dose units per ml of serum in two horses. Clinical illness with depression and anorexia were observed in five horses. Neutralizing (N), hemagglutination-inhibiting, and complement-fixing antibodies to the vaccine virus were demonstrable by 5, 6.5, and 7 days, respectively, after vaccination. Differential titrations of serum to six VEE strains revealed high titers of N antibody to vaccine virus, moderate titers to the epizootic Trinidad donkey no. 1 strain (VEE antigenic subtype I, variant A) from which TC-83 was derived, and low titers to two other epizootic strains (subtype I, variants B and C) in all horses at 1 month after vaccination; some animals responded with low levels of N antibody to the enzootic viruses (subtype I, variants D and E). Fourteen months after vaccination, six animals with detectable N antibody were challenged with MF-8 (subtype I, variant B), an epidemic-epizootic strain isolated in 1969 from a man in Honduras. All horses resisted challenge with the equine pathogenic strain of VEE. Marked increases of N antibody in most horses were demonstrable to some VEE strains when tested 1 month after challenge.
A phase I/II trial of BNC105P with everolimus in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) patients: Updated phase I results of the Disruptor-1 trial. (2013)

4563 Background: BNC105P is an inhibitor of tubulin polymerization. In vivo exposure to BNC105P leads to selective damage of tumor vasculature in both primary and metastatic lesions, causing disruption of blood flow to tumors, hypoxia and associated tumor necrosis. BNC105P also has a direct anti-proliferative action on cancer cells. Up regulation of the mTOR pathway has been identified as a cellular response to hypoxic stress. The combined use of BNC105P with an agent active against mTOR may improve clinical outcome in patients with progressive mRCC who are refractory to VEGFR-directed tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). Methods: A phase I/II study in mRCC patients who have received 1-2 prior TKIs was undertaken. The phase I component enrolled 12 subjects at 4 dose levels of BNC105P (4.2, 8.4, 12.6, 16 mg/m 2 ; IV infusion Days 1 &amp; 8, 21-day repeating cycle). Everolimus was administered concurrently (10 mg p.o.). PK analysis was performed during Cycle 1. Biomarker samples (pre- and post-dose during Cycle 1) were analyzed for 70 plasma analytes including VEGF, PDGF and other markers associated with angiogenesis and vascular responses. Results: Updated results from the completed phase I component confirm the BNC105P / everolimus combination was well tolerated. No DLTs (drug-related, during cycle 1) were observed in any of the phase I subjects. Toxicities on study deemed to be drug-related (either single agent or combination) included single Grade 3 events of anemia and pericardial effusion. Grade 2 events of fatigue, anemia and oral mucositis were also observed. Eight of the 12 phase I subjects achieved disease stabilization. Across all subjects a median of 6 cycles (range: 1-24) was administered, with removal from study predominantly due to disease progression. PK analysis confirmed no drug-drug interaction. The randomized phase II component of the study continues and will compare everolimus given concomitantly with BNC105P to a sequential approach (everolimus followed by BNC105P). Conclusions: Full dose BNC105P (16 mg/m 2 ) can be combined with full dose everolimus (10 mg) and is being further evaluated in a randomized phase II study. Clinical trial information: NCT01034631.
Scimitar-Horned Oryx (Oryx dammah) Spermatozoa Are Functionally Competent in a Heterologous Bovine In Vitro Fertilization System after Cryopreservation on Dry Ice, in a Dry Shipper, or over Liquid Nitrogen Vapor1 (1999)

A heterologous bovine in vitro fertilization (IVF) system was used to study the functional competence of scimitar-horned oryx spermatozoa after cryopreservation. Four sperm-freezing methods were compared after dilution of ejaculates from six oryx with an equine semen extender: 1) dry ice, 2) dry shipper one-step, 3) dry shipper two-step, and 4) liquid nitrogen vapor. Post-thaw sperm motility, longevity, and acrosomal status were assessed and zona pellucida penetration, fertilization, and embryo cleavage were evaluated after coincubation of thawed oryx spermatozoa with in vitro-matured domestic cow oocytes. Sperm motility index (SMI) decreased (p < 0.05) over a 6-h period, but a high percentage (>/= 65%) of spermatozoa contained intact acrosomes in all treatments. Despite differences in sperm motility among methods, oocyte penetration, fertilization, and embryo cleavage did not differ (p >/= 0.05). However, cleavage success was < 50% across all treatments. There were positive correlations (p < 0.05; r = 0.81-0.97) between sample SMI at 3 and 6 h and fertilization, penetration, and cleavage, but no correlations (p >/= 0.05) between SMI at 0 or 1 h and IVF success. This study demonstrates that compatible heterologous gamete interaction allows thorough assessment of post-thaw sperm function in an endangered antelope. Scimitar-horned oryx spermatozoa appear relatively tolerant of varied cryopreservation methods, and preserved samples exhibit adequate post-thaw function to warrant use for assisted reproduction.
Reactive oxygen species and phosphatidylserine externalization in murine sickle red cells (2004)

Due to their role in oxygen transport and the presence of redox active haemoglobin molecules, red blood cells (RBC) generate relatively high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). To counteract the potential deleterious effects of ROS, RBCs have a well-integrated network of anti-oxidant mechanisms to combat this oxidative stress. ROS formation is increased in sickle-cell disease (SCD) and our studies in a murine SCD model showed a significant increase in the generation of ROS when compared with normal mice. Our data also indicated that murine sickle RBCs exhibit a significantly increased ATP catabolism, partly due to the increased activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glutathione reductase to regenerate intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels to neutralize the adverse milieu of oxidative stress. Higher ATP consumption by the murine sickle RBCs, together with the increased ROS formation and impairment of the aminophospholipid translocase or flipase may underlie the exposure of phosphatidylserine on the surface of these cells.
Characterization of Thin Silicon Oxynitride Films Prepared by Low Pressure Rapid Thermal Chemical Vapor Deposition (1993)

Thin silicon oxynitride (Si‐N‐O) films have been deposited using low pressure rapid thermal chemical vapor deposition (RTCVD), with silane , nitrous oxide , and ammonia as the reactive gases. Structural and kinetic studies indicate that an increase in the flow rate ratio leads to an increased N/O atomic ratio and a decreased Si‐N‐O deposition rate for constant and flow rates. Experimental results show that RTCVD Si‐N‐O films with high throughput at low thermal budget, uniform composition, and atomically flat interface can be achieved using a gas mixture. Electrical characterization of polySi/Si‐N‐O/Si capacitors demonstrates that for flow rate ratios ranging from 20 to 100%, the mid‐gap interface trap densities of the deposited Si‐N‐O films are and Fowler‐Nordheim electron‐tunneling rather than Frenkel‐Poole thermal‐emission is the dominant conduction mechanism in the thin RTCVD Si‐N‐O films.
Dichotomy between the T and the B cell epitopes of the synthetic polypeptide (T,G)‐A–L (1994)

Studies with the well-characterized, synthetic, random-multichain polypeptide poly(LTyr,LGlu)-poly(DLAla)-poly(LLys) (T,G)-A-L) led to the discovery of determinant-specific genetic control of the immune response, as well as to other immunological phenomena. Moreover, the tetrapeptide TyrTyrGluGlu built on the same backbone ("(T-T-G-G)-A--L") was found to represent its major B cell epitope. We have recently shown that for interaction with major histocompatibility complex class II molecules and stimulation of T cells, (T,G)-A--L requires proteolytic processing and the resulting T cell epitopes are close to the N termini of the branched polymer's side chains. Thus, we were interested to elucidate the major T cell epitope of (T,G)-A--L, by using the ordered polypeptides (T-T-G-G)-A--L and (T-G-T-G)-A--L, in which only the two internal amino acids of the tetrapeptide attached to the side chains are switched. We established T cell lines to these antigens, and found that the ordered analog (T-T-G-G-)-A--L, which was defined as the B cell epitope of (T,G)-A--L, did not represent its T cell epitope, whereas (T-G-T-G)-A--L, to which only a minor anti-(T,G)-A--L Ab response was directed, was found to be its major T cell epitope. In addition, there was no cross-reaction between (T-G-T-G)-A--L and (T-T-G-G)-A--L at the T cell level, similar to the lack of cross-reaction of their antibodies. Analysis of the repertoire of the T cell receptors used by these lines revealed that the (T,G)-A--L and the (T-T-G-G)-A--L specific T cell lines were not restricted in their V alpha and V beta TCR usage, whereas the (T-G-T-G)-A--L-specific line was restricted by both V alpha and V beta T cell receptor gene products. This difference might be due to the thymus-independent characteristics previously described for the latter antigen.
New perspectives in a gustatory physiology: transduction, development, and plasticity (1997)

Major advances in the understanding of mammalian gustatory transduction mechanisms have occurred in the past decade. Recent research has revealed that a remarkable diversity of cellular mechanisms are involved in taste stimulus reception. These mechanisms range from G protein-and second messenger-linked receptor systems to stimulus-gated and stimulus-admitting ion channels. Contrary to widely held ideas, new data show that some taste stimuli interact with receptive sites that are localized on both the apical and basolateral membranes of taste cells. Studies of taste system development in several species indicate that the transduction pathways for some stimuli are modulated significantly during the early postnatal period. In addition, recent investigations of adult peripheral gustatory system plasticity strongly suggest that the function of the Na+ sensing system can be modulated by circulating hormones, growth factors, or cytokines.
The importance of being Ernst: a reassessment of E. H. Gombrich’s relationship with psychoanalysis (2012)

This study aims to explore and counter the assumption that Prof. Ernst Gombrich was wary, and even dismissive, of psychoanalysis as a discipline. Though renowned for his interest in the psychology of viewing, new research suggests that, from his earliest career, Gombrich’s work was also crucially psychoanalytically-inflected. An unpublished dialogue from the 1980s, between Gombrich and Dr Joseph Sandler, a distinguished psychoanalyst, is considered here. Archival research reveals that Gombrich was for many years a member of the Imago Group – a monthly conference of psychoanalysts. Furthermore, Gombrich’s relationship with Ernst Kris, and the unpublished manuscript on caricature and regression they developed together, is reviewed alongside later works tracing a sustained interest in psychoanalytic issues. Ultimately, the article is an attempt to rehabilitate psychoanalysis into Gombrich’s reputation and prove that, though his engagement with psychoanalysis was not universally positive, it was sensitive, nuanced, consistent and, ultimately, underestimated.
Reducation of the Utilization of the Heart by Left Heart Bypass (1962)

Full left heart bypass reduces the oxygen utilization of the heart to about half the control levels, as measured by coronary sinus flow and arteriovenous oxygen differences. All measured lesser degrees of bypass reduce the oxygen utilization less markedly, but with high statistical significance of the reductions below controls. The reduction in oxygen utilization upon institution of partial or complete left bypass is usually the result more of a decrease in arteriovenous oxygen difference than of a decrease in coronary sinus blood flow. These results support the thesis that left heart bypass should be beneficial in reducing the internal work of the left ventricle in acute left heart failure with competent aortic valve.
A Review of Additive Manufacturing (2012)

Additive manufacturing processes take the information from a computer-aided design (CAD) file that is later converted to a stereolithography (STL) file. In this process, the drawing made in the CAD software is approximated by triangles and sliced containing the information of each layer that is going to be printed. There is a discussion of the relevant additive manufacturing processes and their applications. The aerospace industry employs them because of the possibility of manufacturing lighter structures to reduce weight. Additive manufacturing is transforming the practice of medicine and making work easier for architects. In 2004, the Society of Manufacturing Engineers did a classification of the various technologies and there are at least four additional significant technologies in 2012. Studies are reviewed which were about the strength of products made in additive manufacturing processes. However, there is still a lot of work and research to be accomplished before additive manufacturing technologies become standard in the manufacturing industry because not every commonly used manufacturing material can be handled. The accuracy needs improvement to eliminate the necessity of a finishing process. The continuous and increasing growth experienced since the early days and the successful results up to the present time allow for optimism that additive manufacturing has a significant place in the future of manufacturing.
In-vitro activity of lansoprazole against Helicobacter pylori (1997)

Lansoprazole is a gastric parietal cell proton pump inhibitor that is also active against Helicobacter pylori in vitro. We aimed to investigate further the mechanism of its antimicrobial effect. The antimicrobial activity of lansoprazole and of its sulfenamide, a rearrangement product occurring spontaneously in acid environments, was studied by determining the MICs and MBCs for 11 cytotoxic and eight non-cytotoxic H. pylori strains and by measuring the rapidity of bacterial killing. The MIC90 and MBC90 were 2.5 mg/L and 10 mg/L, respectively, both for lansoprazole and for its sulfenamide. Cytotoxic strains were as susceptible as non-cytotoxic strains. The sulfenamide exhibited faster bactericidal activity. Lansoprazole did not inhibit the toxin-induced vacuolization of HeLa cells by a cytotoxic strain, hence its anti-H. pylori activity does not depend on inhibition of a v-ATPase-mediated, toxin-induced activity. Sulfenamide formation is likely to occur in vivo in the gastric environment, thus enhancing the bactericidal activity of the drug. Lansoprazole is likely to be useful, in association with antibiotics, in the treatment of H. pylori infection regardless of the cytotoxicity of the infecting strain.
[Effect of epidermal growth factor and dexamethasone on blast hearing loss]. (1996)

The expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in cochlear hear cells was studied in normal and guinea pigs exposed to blasts. The effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and dexamethasone (DXM) treatment for blast hearing loss and the underlying mechanisms were also explored. Scattered expression of EGFR was seen in IHCs and OHCs in normal guinea pigs. Segmentally distributing positive reaction was also located in stereocillia of hair cells. Distribution of EGFR reaction was seen in the cytoplasm of IHC 24 hours after exposure to blasts, and in the stereocillia of IHC and the cuticular plate of OHC 72 hours postexposure. At one week EGFR reaction in hair cells increased obviously and part of OHC stereocillia also showed positive reaction. EGFR reaction reduced at two weeks, though positive reaction could still be found in the stereocillia of hair cells at one month. Combination of EGF and DXM administrations promoted hearing recovery significantly. Our results suggest that healing of injured hair cells may be to EGF.