gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multi-channel whole-head OPM-MEG: Helmet design and a comparison with a conventional system (2020)

Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is a powerful technique for functional neuroimaging, offering a non-invasive window on brain electrophysiology. MEG systems have traditionally been based on cryogenic sensors which detect the small extracranial magnetic fields generated by synchronised current in neuronal assemblies, however, such systems have fundamental limitations. In recent years, non-cryogenic quantum-enabled sensors, called optically-pumped magnetometers (OPMs), in combination with novel techniques for accurate background magnetic field control, have promised to lift those restrictions offering an adaptable, motion-robust MEG system, with improved data quality, at reduced cost. However, OPM-MEG remains a nascent technology, and whilst viable systems exist, most employ small numbers of sensors sited above targeted brain regions. Here, building on previous work, we construct a wearable OPM-MEG system with 'whole-head' coverage based upon commercially available OPMs, and test its capabilities to measure alpha, beta and gamma oscillations. We design two methods for OPM mounting; a flexible (EEG-like) cap and rigid (additively-manufactured) helmet. Whilst both designs allow for high quality data to be collected, we argue that the rigid helmet offers a more robust option with significant advantages for reconstruction of field data into 3D images of changes in neuronal current. Using repeat measurements in two participants, we show signal detection for our device to be highly robust. Moreover, via application of source-space modelling, we show that, despite having 5 times fewer sensors, our system exhibits comparable performance to an established cryogenic MEG device. While significant challenges still remain, these developments provide further evidence that OPM-MEG is likely to facilitate a step change for functional neuroimaging.
Mathematical equation retrieval using plain words as a query (2012)

This paper proposes how to effectively retrieve the mathematical equations when the plain words are given as a query. The proposed system requires no complicated mathematical symbols, no particular input tool and no constraint of query. Users can enter a query with plain words like the traditional Information Retrieval. For this, we extract features from the plain texts that are converted from the real math equations. Experimental results show an outstanding performance, a MRR of 0.6585.
Synthesen von Heterocyclen, CLXX<sup>1)</sup> Reaktionen mit cyclischen Oxalylverbindungen, X<sup>2)</sup> Zur Reaktion von 2‐Chinoxalinonen mit Polyphosphorsäure (1972)

Abstract Die 2‐Chinoxalinone 1a , b lagern sich bei Einwirkung von Polyphosphorsäure in die Imidazo‐[1.5‐α]chinoxaline 3a , b um. Das Chinoxalinon 1c wird unter diesen Bedingungen zum Keton 6 hydrolysiert. Sein Isomeres 2 ergibt in einer Fischer‐Synthese das Indol‐Derivat 7 . Die Bildung der Verbindungen 3a , b wird über eine Beckmann‐Umlagerung bewirkt.
Alum adjuvanticity: Unraveling a century old mystery (2008)

The development of vaccine adjuvants for human use has been one of the slowest processes in the history of medicine. For almost one century, aluminium hydroxide (alum) has been the only vaccine adjuvant approved worldwide. Only in the past decade have two oil-in-water emulsions and one TLR agonist been approved by the European authorities as new vaccine adjuvants. Despite the fact that alum has been injected into billions of people, its mechanism of action is not fully understood. Recently, several reports have greatly increased our knowledge of the molecular and cellular events triggered by alum; however, the contribution of each of these processes to alum adjuvanticity is still unclear. A study published in this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, together with two recent publications, have demonstrated that the NOD-like receptor, pyrin domain containing 3 (Nlrp3)-inflammasome is the molecular target of alum immunostimulatory activity in vitro. Surprisingly, these three studies reported conflicting results on the requirement of the Nlrp3 inflammasome complex for alum adjuvant effects in vivo. This commentary attempts to resolve some of these discrepancies.
Applications of Electrolyzed Water in Agriculture &amp; Food Industries (2005)

Microbial control of postharvest diseases has been extensively studied and appears to be a viable technology. Food safety must be ensured at each postharvest processing step, including handling, washing of raw materials, cleaning of utensils and pipelines, and packaging. Several commercial products are available for this purpose. The time is ripe for developing new techniques and technologies. The use of electrolyzed water (EW) is the product of a new concept developed in Japan, which is now gaining popularity in other countries. Little is known about the principle behind its sterilizing effect, but it has been shown to have significant bactericidal and virucidal and moderate fungicidal properties. Some studies have been carried out in Japan, China, and the USA on the pre- and postharvest application of EW in the field of food processing. EW may be produced using common salt and an apparatus connected to a power source. As the size of the machine is quite small, the water can be manufactured on-site. Studies have been carried out on the use of EW as a sanitizer for fruits, utensils, and cutting boards. It can also be used as a fungicide during postharvest processing of fruits and vegetables, and as a sanitizer for washing the carcasses of meat and poultry. It is cost-effective and environment-friendly. The use of EW is an emerging technology with considerable potential.
Iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis: aggressive therapy with catheter-directed thrombolysis. (1994)

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of catheter-directed thrombolysis with urokinase in treating symptomatic iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis (DVT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-one consecutive patients with iliofemoral DVT underwent treatment for 27 affected limbs (acute DVT, n = 20; chronic DVT, n = 7). The average urokinase dose was 4.9 million IU (range, 1.4 million to 16.0 million IU) infused over an average of 30 hours (range, 15-74 hours). RESULTS: Lysis was complete in 18 (72%), partial in five (20%), and not achieved in two (8%) of 25 treated limbs. Two chronically occluded iliac veins could not be crossed with a guide wire and did not receive urokinase. Sixteen limbs had underlying venous stenoses (> 50%) that were treated with angioplasty (n = 2) or angioplasty and stent placement (n = 14). There were no major complications or clinically detectable pulmonary emboli. The technical and clinical success rates were 85%. CONCLUSION: This initial experience suggests that catheter-directed thrombolysis with urokinase for treatment of symptomatic iliofemoral DVT is safe and effective.
Neuroscience in Middle Schools: A Professional Development and Resource Program That Models Inquiry-based Strategies and Engages Teachers in Classroom Implementation (2006)

The Department of Neuroscience at the University of Minnesota and the Science Museum of Minnesota have developed and implemented a successful program for middle school (grades 5-8) science teachers and their students, called Brain Science on the Move. The overall goals have been to bring neuroscience education to underserved schools, excite students about science, improve their understanding of neuroscience, and foster partnerships between scientists and educators. The program includes BrainU, a teacher professional development institute; Explain Your Brain Assembly and Exhibit Stations, multimedia large-group presentation and hands-on activities designed to stimulate student thinking about the brain; Class Activities, in-depth inquiry-based investigations; and Brain Trunks, materials and resources related to class activities. Formal evaluation of the program indicated that teacher neuroscience knowledge, self-confidence, and use of inquiry-based strategies and neuroscience in their classrooms have increased. Participating teachers increased the time spent teaching neuroscience and devoted more time to "inquiry-based" teaching versus "lecture-based teaching." Teachers appreciated in-depth discussions of pedagogy and science and opportunities for collegial interactions with world-class researchers. Student interest in the brain and in science increased. Since attending BrainU, participating teachers have reported increased enthusiasm about teaching and have become local neuroscience experts within their school communities.
N-Cadherin Promotes Adhesion Between Invasive Breast Cancer Cells and the Stroma (1997)

Calcium-dependent cell adhesion molecules (cadherins) are involved in maintaining the epithelial structure of a number of tissues including the mammary gland. In breast and other tumor types, loss of E-cadherin expression has been seen in high grade tumors and correlates with increased invasiveness. Here we show high levels of expression of N-cadherin in the most invasive breast cancer cell lines which was inversely correlated with their expression of E-cadherin. A stromal cell line also expressed N-cadherin in accordance with its fibroblastic morphology. N-cadherin localized to areas of cell-cell contact in all cells that expressed it. Calcium-dependent intercellular adhesion of N-cadherin-expressing breast cancer and stromal cells was specifically inhibited by an anti N-cadherin monoclonal antibody. In addition, N-cadherin promoted the interaction of invasive breast cancer cells with mammary stromal cells; in contrast, E-cadherin expressing cell lines did not co-aggregate with stromal cells. The combined results suggest a functional role for N-cadherin in cohesion of breast tumor cells which, in addition promotes their interaction with the surrounding stromal cells, thereby facilitating invasion and metastasis.
Methodologies in Asymmetric Catalysis (2004)

Chiral dirhodium(II) carboxamidates are remarkably effective catalysts for a variety of asymmetric transformations, especially those of diazoacetates and diazoacetamides, but also including Lewis acid catalyzed reactions. High selectivities are achieved even with low catalyst loadings, and polymer-bound catalysts are effective for multiple recovery and reuse. Cyclopropanation, carbon-hydrogen insertion, and ylide reactions have received considerable attention, and high enantiocontrol has been achieved, especially in intramolecular reactions
Dynamic voltage scaling with links for power optimization of interconnection networks (2003)

Originally developed to connect processors and memories in multicomputers, prior research and design of interconnection networks have focused largely on performance. As these networks get deployed in a wide range of new applications, where power is becoming a key design constraint, we need to seriously consider power efficiency in designing interconnection networks. As the demand for network bandwidth increases, communication links, already a significant consumer of power now, will take up an ever larger portion of total system power budget. In this paper we motivate the use of dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) for links, where the frequency and voltage of links are dynamically adjusted to minimize power consumption. We propose a history-based DVS policy that judiciously adjusts link frequencies and voltages based on past utilization. Our approach realizes up to 6.3/spl times/ power savings (4.6/spl times/ on average). This is accompanied by a moderate impact on performance (15.2% increase in average latency before network saturation and 2.5% reduction in throughput.) To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that targets dynamic power optimization of interconnection networks.
Millimeter-wave V2V communications:distributed association and beam alignment (2017)

Recently, millimeter-wave (mmWave) bands have been postulated as a means to accommodate the foreseen extreme bandwidth demands in vehicular communications, which result from the dissemination of sensory data to nearby vehicles for enhanced environmental awareness and improved safety level. However, the literature is particularly scarce in regards to principled resource allocation schemes that deal with the challenging radio conditions posed by the high mobility of vehicular scenarios. In this paper, we propose a novel framework that blends together matching theory and swarm intelligence to dynamically and efficiently pair vehicles and optimize both transmission and reception beamwidths. This is done by jointly considering channel state information and queue state information when establishing vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) links. To validate the proposed framework, simulation results are presented and discussed, where the throughput performance as well as the latency/reliability tradeoffs of the proposed approach are assessed and compared with several baseline approaches recently proposed in the literature. The results obtained in this paper show performance gains of 25% in reliability and delay for ultra-dense vehicular scenarios with 50% more active V2V links than the baselines. These results shed light on the operational limits and practical feasibility of mmWave bands, as a viable radio access solution for future high-rate V2V communications.
Characterization of the Adenovirus Proteinase: Substrate Specificity (1989)

Peptides were synthesized based on the cleavage sites in the adenovirus type 2 proteins pVI and pVII. The synthetic peptides were incubated with disrupted, purified adenovirus as a source of proteinase and specific cleavages were monitored by fast protein liquid chromatography and amino acid analysis. Using this approach it was established that all the peptides cleaved were of the form M(L)XGX decreases G or M(L)XGG decreases X. Thus we have shown that the adenoviral proteinase recognizes a specific secondary structure formed by a sequence of at least five amino acids, the main determinants of specificity being two and four residues to the N-terminal side of the bond cleaved. We were able to examine the relevant structural features of the peptide substrates by utilizing the CHEM-X molecular modelling package. Using our consensus sequence we were able to predict the cleavage sites in the viral proteins pVIII, pre-terminal protein (pTP), 11K and IIIa. Octapeptides containing the predicted sites in pVIII and the pTP were synthesized and shown to be cleaved by the proteinase.
Advances in residual vector quantization: a review (1996)

Advances in residual vector quantization (RVQ) are surveyed. Definitions of joint encoder optimality and joint decoder optimality are discussed. Design techniques for RVQs with large numbers of stages and generally different encoder and decoder codebooks are elaborated and extended. Fixed-rate RVQs, and variable-rate RVQs that employ entropy coding are examined. Predictive and finite state RVQs designed and integrated into neural-network based source coding structures are revisited. Successive approximation RVQs that achieve embedded and refinable coding are reviewed. A new type of successive approximation RVQ that varies the instantaneous block rate by using different numbers of stages on different blocks is introduced and applied to image waveforms, and a scalar version of the new residual quantizer is applied to image subbands in an embedded wavelet transform coding system.
Mechanisms of Photochemical Reactions in Solution. XXII.<sup>1</sup> Photochemical <i>cis-trans</i> Isomerization (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMechanisms of Photochemical Reactions in Solution. XXII.1 Photochemical cis-trans IsomerizationGeorge S. Hammond, Jack. Saltiel, Angelo A. Lamola, Nicholas J. Turro, Jerald S. Bradshaw, Dwaine O. Cowan, Ronald C. Counsell, Volker. Vogt, and Christopher. DaltonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1964, 86, 16, 3197–3217Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1964https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01070a002RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views2605Altmetric-Citations466LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
TRPC6 fulfills a calcineurin signaling circuit during pathologic cardiac remodeling (2006)

The heart responds to injury and chronic pressure overload by pathologic growth and remodeling, which frequently result in heart failure and sudden death. Calcium-dependent signaling pathways promote cardiac growth and associated changes in gene expression in response to stress. The calcium/calmodulin-dependent phosphatase calcineurin, which signals to nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) transcription factors, serves as a transducer of calcium signals and is sufficient and necessary for pathologic cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling. Transient receptor potential (TRP) proteins regulate cation entry into cells in response to a variety of signals, and in skeletal muscle, expression of TRP cation channel, subfamily C, member 3 (TRPC3) is increased in response to neurostimulation and calcineurin signaling. Here we show that TRPC6 was upregulated in mouse hearts in response to activated calcineurin and pressure overload, as well as in failing human hearts. Two conserved NFAT consensus sites in the promoter of the TRPC6 gene conferred responsiveness to cardiac stress. Cardiac-specific overexpression of TRPC6 in transgenic mice resulted in heightened sensitivity to stress, a propensity for lethal cardiac growth and heart failure, and an increase in NFAT-dependent expression of -myosin heavy chain, a sensitive marker for pathologic hypertrophy. These findings implicate TRPC6 as a positive regulator of calcineurin-NFAT signaling and a key component of a calcium-dependent regulatory loop that drives pathologic cardiac remodeling.
Future Trend in Minimally Invasive Surgery: Single Port, Minilaparoscopy, and NOTES (2012)

Over the last few years, we assisted to an unstoppable quest for technical improvements in order to reduce even more the surgical trauma in the field of minimally invasive surgery. natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES), single port surgery, and minilaparoscopy seem to answer the needs for reducing the trauma related to the “access” to the human body.

Among these techniques NOTES is, by no means, the most appealing and promising in terms of minimizing the access to the abdominal cavity; nevertheless, while single port and even more minilaparoscopy are currently applied worldwide in the routine clinical setting, for NOTES there are still several limitations, and it is often used only in clinical trials or experimental models, and, for most of the cases, it is performed under laparoscopic control.

On the other hand, there is no doubt that the current scientific literature is lacking robust data, and all these new technologies are still under evaluation to demonstrate that the reduction of surgical trauma in comparison to standard laparoscopy can justify the extra costs as well and the increase of operative difficulties.

In this special issue, ten original articles, reviews, and case reports have been selected because they described different experiences and modalities for what could be called “ultra” minimally invasive surgery.

As for NOTES not only a comprehensive review on current “state of the art” of NOTES in humans is published but also a paper describing results of a survey regarding patinets' perception on NOTES. As for specific clinical applications of NOTES three articles are focused on the approach to the spine and the role of transesophageal and transanal surgeries.

Readers will also find different papers regarding technique and results of single port surgery for colorectal, pancreatic, ileal resection as well as for cholecystectomy.

Finally, a well-documented technical note on applications of minilaparoscopy during colorectal resection is also presented.


Luigi Boni

Paul G. Curcillo

Silvana Perretta
A TV Frequency Synthesis System With a Single Chip Microprocessor Interface Including Non Volatile Memory (1982)

Digital tuning is being increasingly adopted by many TV set manufacturers to replace mechanical potentiometers and band switches. Voltage synthesizers with Non Volatile Memory were first adopted in conjunction with remote control systems. This solution brought the advantages, in comparison with mechanical solutions, of better reliability (the system is all "electronic") and increased features (automatic station search, Digital AFT, easy remote control interfacing).
Tortuosity in Porous Media: A Critical Review (2013)

The concept of tortuosity is used to characterize the structure of porous media, to estimate their electrical and hydraulic conductivity, and to study the travel time and length for tracer dispersion, but different types of tortuosity—geometric, hydraulic, electrical, and diffusive—have been used essentially interchangeably in the literature. Here, we critically review the tortuosity models developed empirically, analytically, and numerically for flow in both saturated and unsaturated porous media. We emphasize that the proposed tortuosity models are distinct and thus may not be used interchangeably. Given the variety of models that have been developed, and the sharp differences between some of them, no consensus has emerged unifying the models in a coherent way. Related treatments of tortuosity are found in the literature on porous catalysts. In such materials, nonlinear reactions ordinarily accompany transport, and the effective diffusivity within the pore space in the presence of the reactions is distinct from the one in their absence. Thus, because tortuosity may be defined as the ratio of the effective diffusivities in the bulk material and within the pore space, a careful treatment of tortuosity may need to distinguish between transport with and without reactions. This complication is ultimately relevant to soils as well, because bioremediation and biodegradation in soils are always accompanied by nonlinear reactions. Common models of tortuosity include both logarithmic functions and power laws. In many cases, the differences between the logarithmic and power-law phenomenologies are not great, but power laws can usually be reconciled with percolation concepts. Invoking percolation theory provides both insight into the origin of the power functions and a framework for understanding differences between tortuosity models.