gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exploring Randomly Wired Neural Networks for Image Recognition (2019)

Neural networks for image recognition have evolved through extensive manual design from simple chain-like models to structures with multiple wiring paths. The success of ResNets and DenseNets is due in large part to their innovative wiring plans. Now, neural architecture search (NAS) studies are exploring the joint optimization of wiring and operation types, however, the space of possible wirings is constrained and still driven by manual design despite being searched. In this paper, we explore a more diverse set of connectivity patterns through the lens of randomly wired neural networks. To do this, we first define the concept of a stochastic network generator that encapsulates the entire network generation process. Encapsulation provides a unified view of NAS and randomly wired networks. Then, we use three classical random graph models to generate randomly wired graphs for networks. The results are surprising: several variants of these random generators yield network instances that have competitive accuracy on the ImageNet benchmark. These results suggest that new efforts focusing on designing better network generators may lead to new breakthroughs by exploring less constrained search spaces with more room for novel design.
Polymerase Chain Reaction (1988)

organism number to readily detectable levels, yet culture is not always easy or successful. A novel technique, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), was recently developed for in vitro amplification of the DNA or RNA of an organism or gene defect, and culture may not be required. The PCR takes advantage of an enzyme that uses a defined segment in a strand of DNA as a template for assembling a complementary strand. The principle of the PCR is simple, requiring a three-step cycling process: (7) denaturation of doublestranded DNA, (2) annealing of primers, and (3) primer extension. If an RNA sequence is to be amplified, a DNA copy of it (cDNA) must be synthesized by using reverse transcriptase before the PCR is begun. A cycle typically takes ~3-5 min and is repeated 20-40 times [1]. The PCR reaction vessel contains a mixture of buffers, nucleotides, primers, enzyme, and nucleic acid from the specimen of interest.
Novel antiasthmatic agents with dual activities of thromboxane A2 synthetase inhibition and bronchodilation. 2. 4-(3-Pyridyl)-1(2H)-phthalazinones (1993)

A series of novel 4-(3-pyridyl)-1(2H)-phthalazinone derivatives which possess dual activities of thromboxane A2 (TXA2) synthetase inhibition and bronchodilation was synthesized, and their pharmacological activities were evaluated. While the length and the bulk of 2-alkyl substituents had no influence on either activity, the 2-substituents with polar groups reduced bronchodilatory activity. Furthermore, we introduced heteroaromatic nuclei into the 4-position of the phthalazinone and found that 1-imidazolyl (13a) and 5-thiazolyl (16b and 16c) derivatives were as active as the parent 3-pyridyl compound 5b. These findings suggest that heteroaromatic nuclei at the 4-position of phthalazinones play a critical role in TXA2 synthetase inhibition. Additionally, the hydrophobicity of the compounds was found to exert a marked influence on bronchodilatory activity. These observations led to the selection of 2-ethyl-4-(3-pyridyl)-1(2H)-phthalazinone (5b) (KK-505) and 2-methyl-4-(5-thiazolyl)-1(2H)-phthalazinone (16b) (KK-562) for further studies. Although their precise mechanism of action remains unclear, this series of novel phthalazinone derivatives represents a new class of antiasthma agents with dual activities.
Altered expression of p27 and Skp2 proteins in prostate cancer of African-American patients. (2003)

Our data suggest a role for Skp2 overexpression in prostate cancer pathogenesis that might not be exclusively related to p27 degradation. More studies are needed to determine the mechanistic role of Skp2 in prostate cancer.
Abelson Kinase Inhibitors Are Potent Inhibitors of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Fusion (2016)

Both SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV are zoonotic infections, with bats as the primary source. The 2003 SARS-CoV outbreak began in Guangdong Province in China and spread to humans via civet cats and raccoon dogs in the wet markets before spreading to 37 countries. The virus caused 8,096 confirmed cases of SARS and 774 deaths (a case fatality rate of ∼10%). The MERS-CoV outbreak began in Saudi Arabia and has spread to 27 countries. MERS-CoV is believed to have emerged from bats and passed into humans via camels. The ongoing outbreak of MERS-CoV has resulted in 1,791 cases of MERS and 640 deaths (a case fatality rate of 36%). The emergence of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV provides evidence that coronaviruses are currently spreading from zoonotic sources and can be highly pathogenic, causing serious morbidity and mortality in humans. Treatment of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV infection is limited to providing supportive therapy consistent with any serious lung disease, as no specific drugs have been approved as therapeutics. Highly pathogenic coronaviruses are rare and appear to emerge and disappear within just a few years. Currently, MERS-CoV is still spreading, as new infections continue to be reported. The outbreaks of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV and the continuing diagnosis of new MERS cases highlight the need for finding therapeutics for these diseases and potential future coronavirus outbreaks. Screening FDA-approved drugs streamlines the pipeline for this process, as these drugs have already been tested for safety in humans.
Cutting balloon angioplasty for the treatment of in-stent restenosis (2000)

The results using the Cutting Balloon for the treatment of in-stent restenosis may be superior to those of conventional percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) or even the combination of PTCA preceded by rotational atherectomy. The reasons for these possible differences are not yet well defined. The case we report suggests that the Cutting Balloon achieves a better final result than conventional PTCA, by making the tissue more amenable to being pushed outward through the stent struts.
Integrating legacy software into a service oriented architecture (2006)

Legacy programs, i. e. programs which have been developed with an outdated technology make-up for the vast majority of programs in many user application environments. It is these programs which actually run the information systems of the business world. Moving to a new technology such as service oriented architecture is impossible without taking these programs along. This contribution presents a tool supported method for achieving that goal. Legacy code is wrapped behind an XML shell which allows individual functions within the programs, to be offered as Web services to any external user. By means of this wrapping technology, a significant part of the company software assets can be preserved within the framework of a service oriented architecture
Doppler Tissue Imaging Quantitates Regional Wall Motion During Myocardial Ischemia and Reperfusion (1998)

These results suggest that DTI may be a promising new tool for the quantification of ischemia-induced regional myocardial dysfunction.
Antifibrotic Effects of<i>N</i>-Acetyl-Seryl-Aspartyl-Lysyl-Proline on the Heart and Kidney in Aldosterone-Salt Hypertensive Rats (2001)

N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline (Ac-SDKP) inhibits not only hematopoietic cell proliferation but also fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis in vitro. Ac-SDKP also prevents collagen deposition and cell proliferation in the left ventricle (LV) in rats with renovascular hypertension (renin dependent). However, it is not clear whether Ac-SDKP has similar effects in a model of renin-independent hypertension (aldosterone-salt). Using a hypertensive rat model of cardiac and renal fibrosis created by chronic elevation of circulating aldosterone (ALDO) levels, we examined the effect of Ac-SDKP on blood pressure, cardiac and renal fibrosis and hypertrophy, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression in the LV and left kidney. Uninephrectomized rats were divided into 4 groups: (1) controls that received tap water, (2) rats that received ALDO (0.75 microgram/h SC) and 1% NaCl/0.2% KCl in drinking water (ALDO-salt), (3) rats that received ALDO-salt plus Ac-SDKP 400 microgram. kg(-1). day(-1) SC, and (4) rats that received ALDO-salt plus Ac-SDKP 800 microgram. kg(-1). d(-1) SC. After 6 weeks of treatment, the ALDO-salt group was found to have significantly increased blood pressure with decreased body weight and plasma renin concentration (P<0.05), LV and renal hypertrophy as well as renal injury, significantly increased collagen content in both ventricles and kidney as well as increased collagen volume fraction in the LV (P<0.0001), and significantly increased interstitial and perivascular PCNA-positive cells in the LV and kidney (P<0.0001). Ac-SDKP at 800 microgram. kg(-1). d(-1) markedly prevented cardiac and renal fibrosis (P<0.005) without affecting blood pressure or organ hypertrophy. It also suppressed PCNA expression in the LV and kidney in a dose-dependent manner. We concluded that Ac-SDKP prevents increased collagen deposition and cell proliferation in the heart and kidney in ALDO-salt hypertensive rats. Because ACE inhibitors increase plasma and tissue Ac-SDKP and decrease cardiac and renal fibrosis, we speculate that Ac-SDKP may participate in the antifibrotic effect of ACE inhibitors.
A single amino acid change, Q114R, in the cleavage-site sequence of Newcastle disease virus fusion protein attenuates viral replication and pathogenicity (2011)

A key determinant of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) virulence is the amino acid sequence at the fusion (F) protein cleavage site. The NDV F protein is synthesized as an inactive precursor, F(0), and is activated by proteolytic cleavage between amino acids 116 and 117 to produce two disulfide-linked subunits, F(1) and F(2). The consensus sequence of the F protein cleavage site of virulent [(112)(R/K)-R-Q-(R/K)-R↓F-I(118)] and avirulent [(112)(G/E)-(K/R)-Q-(G/E)-R↓L-I(118)] strains contains a conserved glutamine residue at position 114. Recently, some NDV strains from Africa and Madagascar were isolated from healthy birds and have been reported to contain five basic residues (R-R-R-K-R↓F-I/V or R-R-R-R-R↓F-I/V) at the F protein cleavage site. In this study, we have evaluated the role of this conserved glutamine residue in the replication and pathogenicity of NDV by using the moderately pathogenic Beaudette C strain and by making Q114R, K115R and I118V mutants of the F protein in this strain. Our results showed that changing the glutamine to a basic arginine residue reduced viral replication and attenuated the pathogenicity of the virus in chickens. The pathogenicity was further reduced when the isoleucine at position 118 was substituted for valine.
Neuron-glia cell adhesion molecule interacts with neurons and astroglia via different binding mechanisms (1988)

The neuron-glia cell adhesion molecule (Ng-CAM) is present in the central nervous system on postmitotic neurons and in the periphery on neurons and Schwann cells. It has been implicated in binding between neurons and between neurons and glia. To understand the molecular mechanisms of Ng-CAM binding, we analyzed the aggregation of chick Ng-CAM either immobilized on 0.5-micron beads (Covaspheres) or reconstituted into liposomes. The results were correlated with the binding of these particles to different types of cells as well as with cell-cell binding itself. Both Ng-CAM-Covaspheres and Ng-CAM liposomes individually self-aggregated, and antibodies against Ng-CAM strongly inhibited their aggregation; the rate of aggregation increased approximately with the square of the concentration of the beads or the liposomes. Much higher rates of aggregation were observed when the ratio of Ng-CAM to lipid in the liposome was increased. Radioiodinated Ng-CAM on Covaspheres and in liposomes bound both to neurons and to glial cells and in each case antibodies against Ng-CAM inhibited 50-90% of the binding. Control preparations of fibroblasts and meningeal cells did not exhibit significant binding. Adhesion between neurons and glia within and across species (chick and mouse) was explored in cellular assays after defining markers for each cell type, and optimal conditions of shear, temperature, and cell density. As previously noted using chick cells (Grumet, M., S. Hoffman, C.-M. Chuong, and G. M. Edelman. 1984 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 81:7989-7993), anti-Ng-CAM antibodies inhibited neuron-neuron and neuron-glia binding. In cross-species adhesion assays, binding of chick neurons to mouse astroglia and binding of mouse neurons to chick astroglia were both inhibited by anti-Ng-CAM antibodies. To identify whether the cellular ligands for Ng-CAM differed for neuron-neuron and neuron-glia binding, cells were preincubated with specific antibodies, the antibodies were removed by washing, and Ng-CAM-Covasphere binding was measured. Preincubation of neurons with anti-Ng-CAM antibodies inhibited Ng-CAM-Covasphere binding but similar preincubation of astroglial cells did not inhibit binding. In contrast, preincubation of astroglia with anti-astroglial cell antibodies inhibited binding to these cells but preincubation of neurons with these antibodies had no effect. Together with the data on Covaspheres and liposome aggregation, these findings suggested that Ng-CAM-Covaspheres bound to Ng-CAM on neurons but bound to different molecules on astroglia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
NK Cells in Therapy of Cancer (2014)

Natural killer (NK) cells recognize targets stressed by malignant transformation or infection and can be long-lived. They become educated by interacting with major histocompatibility antigen (MHC) class I molecules to gain function to kill targets and produce cytokines. In the clinic, haploidentical NK cells can be adoptively transferred to treat cancer. Persistence and in vivo expansion of NK cells depends on lymphodepleting chemotherapy to make space and induce release of endogenous IL-15. In vivo expansion is also enhanced by cytokine administration but IL-2 has the down side of stimulating CD25hi regulatory T cells (Tregs). Other limitations to NK-cell therapy include poor in vivo survival and lack of specificity. Bispecific or trispecific killer engagers that target CD16 on NK cells to enhance recognition of tumor antigens, and desintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17) inhibition that prevents CD16 shedding after NK-cell activation should promote enhanced killing of cancer with specificity. These are exciting times; more than 35 years after NK cells were initially described, we are exploiting their capacity for clinical therapy.
Importance of workplace (2010)

Despite the growing body of research evidence, the implementation of evidence-based practice and rational transformational change within service provision continues to be the ‘Holy Grail’. Indeed, increasing emphasis is placed upon the ‘development’ element of research and development within health-care organizations and research proposal applications are subject to careful scrutiny of their dissemination plans in the hope that knowledge of findings will enable their early implementation.
Texture‐modified foods and thickened fluids as used for individuals with dysphagia: Australian standardised labels and definitions (2007)

Abstract Thickened fluids and texture‐modified foods are provided for the therapeutic treatment of dysphagia. Review of the literature indicated that numerous labels are applied to a small number of food textures and fluid thickness levels. The consequences of inconsistent terminology affect patient safety and the efficiency of communication. A joint project of the Dietitians Association of Australia and The Speech Pathology Association of Australia Limited (Speech Pathology Australia) was undertaken to develop consensus standards for number of levels, labels and definitions of thickened fluids and texture‐modified foods within the Australian context. A project officer and multidisciplinary advisory committee were appointed by competitive process to carry out and oversee the project. The project determined that there were 39 different labels in use for thickened fluids and 95 different labels in use for texture‐modified foods used in Australia. Dietitians and speech pathologists demonstrated overwhelming support for a standardised labelling and terminology system (99.2% of respondents). A national consultative process encompassing the views of more than 580 clinicians helped to formulate the final standards. A scale for modified fluids and a scale for texture‐modified foods were developed and consensus was achieved between the Dietitians Association of Australia and Speech Pathology Australia. The standards are now recommended for use throughout Australia.
A scalable, cost-effective, and flexible disk system using high-performance embedded-processors (2002)

As a scalable, cost-effective, and flexible solution for data-intensive systems, we are exploring active-network-storage (ANS), which is an array of ANS disk drives. The ANS drive improves flexibility by using a modular software design; that is, users can specify functions of the ANS drive by loading/unloading the corresponding modules on it. To keep the ANS drive cost-effective, users are allowed to choose whether native code modules or platform-independent Java-bytecode modules are executed on the drive. We forecast that a current high-performance embedded-processor is powerful enough to enable this modular design to be implemented and to provide a scalable, cost-effective, and flexible ANS system. We have confirmed our forecast by conducting an experiment with an ANS drive prototype with a 200 MHz embedded-processor running database sequential scanning and NFS, which are typical off-loaded functions with different characteristics. To evaluate scalability and cost-effectiveness of the ANS system, we estimated the throughput from measurements on our ANS prototype, and we compared it with the throughput that was measured on a 450 MHz Pentium II Xeon server. Our estimation indicates that the scan throughput of the ANS system increases up to 71 MB/s while that of the server saturates at 25 MB/s because of its CPU bottleneck. The NFS read/write throughputs of two ANS drives surpassed the server maximum throughputs.
A Preliminary Examination of Railroad Dispatcher Workload, Stress, and Fatigue (2001)

This report presents the methods, findings and recommendations from a field study that examined the sources and levels of railroad dispatcher workload, stress, and fatigue. The study was initiated in response to concerns raised by two Federal Railroad Administration safety audits of dispatching operations in the U.S. The work was performed in three phases. The first phase identified suitable data collection instruments for measuring the three factors, Phase 2 involved a pilot field test of the instruments and field study procedures, and Phase 3 involved field data collection. Data collected in the field at two sites included physiological measures as well as self-report data, third party observation and paper records. Based on self-report health data, study participants aged 25 to 44 experienced several disorders at a significantly higher rate than found among the U.S. population. Information from the participant background survey was used in conjunction with physiological measures, activity count data and subjective ratings of workload, stress and fatigue. Subjective workload ratings were moderately associated with reported number of trains dispatched, regardless of shift or location while subjective fatigue ratings had the lowest association with this measure of workload. Subjective ratings of stress increased throughout all shifts while salivary cortisol levels, a physiological measure of stress, were within normal adult limits. Sleep patterns of study participants were typical of shift workers in general. An observational technique provided additional data on variations in workload throughout the shift. Modifications and enhancements to both the measures and protocol for future studies of railroad dispatcher workload, stress, and fatigue are offered as issues for further research. Appendices contain copies of the data collection tools used in the field study along with supporting data and statistical analyses.
Design of adaptive feedforward controllers using internal model equivalence (2005)

The paper investigates the design of adaptive feedforward cancellation (AFC) algorithms with sinusoidal regressors for repetitive control. Such adaptive algorithms are equivalent to a linear controllers based on the internal model principle. Using this equivalence and root locus rules, the phase advance of the regressor of the adaptive algorithm can be chosen to maximize the phase margin at low gains. It is shown that selecting the optimal phase advance is equivalent to placing a zero in the open right half-plane in certain cases. Complete design and analysis for the compensation of a single frequency periodic disturbances is done. A new variation of the AFC algorithm is also developed in which the adaptive portion acts in parallel with a feedthrough term. The IMP equivalent of this algorithm has two zeros instead of one. Analysis and simulation shows this method to have superior convergence and robustness properties when compared with the method having no feedthrough term.
Principles of database and knowledge-base systems (1989)

This book goes into the details of database conception and use, it tells you everything on relational databases. from theory to the actual used algorithms.
Structural and Electronic Properties of Carbon‐Doped β‐Rhombohedral Boron (1993)

Abstract β‐rhombohedral boron doped with carbon up to about 1 at% is investigated by X‐ray diffraction, by optical transmission spectroscopy in the spectral range of the absorption edge and its low energy tail, by I R reflection spectroscopy in the lattice vibration range, and by Raman scattering. The carbon atoms substitute for boron sites in the icosahedra shrinking as a consequence of the increased intraicosahedral bonding force. Hence the lattice constants decrease with increasing carbon content. Within the accuracy of measurement the interband transition energies are not influenced by the carbon content, and the p‐type conductivity remains qualitatively unchanged. Additionally to the series of six ionization energies of B 12 electron trapping levels, which are equidistantly arranged below the conduction band in pure boron, a second series of B 11 C trapping levels develops. The traps are esscntially generated by the interaction between one electron each and up to six pairs (probably triples) of defined phonons. These phonons are quenched as a consequence of the occupation of these traps. In correlation with the new optical results ESR investigations of other authors can now be interpreted. Important details of the electronic structure and its modification by carbon doping are determined. The relevance for other boron‐rich solids with icosahedral structure is discussed.
Systematic Review of Randomized Trials on Vasoconstrictor Drugs for Hepatorenal Syndrome (2009)

Terlipressin plus albumin may prolong short-term survival in type 1 HRS. The duration of the response should be considered when making treatment decisions and in the timing of potential liver transplantations. Considering the small number of patients included, the evidence does not allow for treatment recommendations regarding type 2 HRS or any of the remaining treatment comparisons assessed.