gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Combination of CHS 828 and etoposide in vitro - from cytotoxic synergy to complete inhibition of apoptosis (2001)

Combination of CHS 828 and etoposide in vitro - from cytotoxic synergy to complete inhibition of apoptosis
Recently reported inhibitors of cyclooxygenase-2 (1998)

Cyclooxygenase inhibitors exert their effect by preventing the conversion of arachidonic acid (AA) to prostaglandins (PGs), a primary class of mediators of inflammation. Recently, a second isoform of cyclooxygenase, now known as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), has been discovered which is produced in response to inflammatory stimuli. Selective COX-2 inhibitors have been demonstrated to be anti-inflammatory and analgesic without causing the gastrointestinal damage associated with current non-selective cyclooxygenase inhibitors. Mechanistically, selective COX-2 inhibitors decrease inflammation by preventing ‘overproduction’ of PGs while allowing COX-1 to produce the basal levels of PGs necessary for the health of certain tissues (e.g., the gastrointestinal tract). The realisation that the serious side-effect profile can be markedly reduced has led the pharmaceutical industry to expend much effort to discover novel selective COX-2 inhibitors for the worldwide market (estimated to be about US$5 bn). Many chemical classes of compounds have been developed, some of which are currently in clinical trials. This review will cover the patent literature over the past 15 months.
A new <i>Escherichia coli</i> gene, <i>dsbG</i>, encodes a periplasmic protein involved in disulphide bond formation, required for recycling DsbA/DsbB and DsbC redox proteins (1997)

We have identified and functionally characterized a new Escherichia coli gene, dsbG, whose product is involved in disulphide bond formation in the periplasm. The dsbG gene was cloned from a multicopy plasmid library lacking the dsbB redox protein-encoding gene. Multicopy dsbG-carrying clones were selected, since they allowed E. coli to grow at lethal concentrations of dithiothreitol. In a complementary genetic approach, point mutations were independently obtained and mapped to the dsbG gene. Such mutations led simultaneously to a dithiothreitol-sensitive phenotype and an increased sigmaE-dependent heat shock response, which reflects the presence of misfolded proteins in the extracytoplasm. In agreement with these observations, dsbG mutants were shown to accumulate reduced forms of a variety of disulphide bond-containing proteins in the periplasm. This DsbG defect could be rescued by addition to the growth medium of either oxidized dithiothreitol or cystine, or by overexpression of the dsbA or dsbB genes. DsbG is synthesized as a precursor form of 27.5 kDa and processed to a 25.7kDa mature species located in the periplasm. DsbG was overproduced, purified to homogeneity and shown to have redox properties of thiol-disulphide oxidoreductases in vitro. Replacement of the first Cys residue of the predicted active site, Phe-(Xaa)4-Cys-Pro-Tyr-Cys by Ala, completely inactivated DsbG protein function. Taken together, all our results demonstrate that DsbG acts in vivo as an efficient thiol-disulphide oxidase. In addition, dsbG is the first member of the dsb family for which null mutations are conditionally lethal and can be propagated only if supplemented with oxidants in the growth medium. We propose that the main role of DsbG is to maintain the proper redox balance between the DsbA/DsbB and DsbC systems.
Efficient Antenna Design of Inductive Coupled RFID-Systems with High Power Demand (2007)

In contrast to pure identification labels, passive inductive coupled RFID transponders with enhanced functionality have an increased power consumption. A nonoptimized antenna design for high power transponders may lead to a poor efficiency and high magnetic field emissions. Therefore, in this work, the energy transmission of inductive coupled systems is investigated, enabling an optimized system design. The RFID system is modeled by network elements in order to optimize the energy transmission. Next to a brief review of different methods for the antenna parameter determination, a new modification of the PEEC method is derived enabling an accelerated and accurate computation of the mutual coupling of the reader and the transponder antenna. Along with the simplification of the transformed transponder impedance and the investigation of the reader matching, consecutive design steps are deduced. The influence of the location-dependent antenna coupling on the energy transmission is characterized. Two case studies are carried out showing a successful transmission of 80mW over a distance of up to 7.6 cm by 275mW reader output power. This system demonstrates an efficient energy supply of a high power transponder while keeping the field emissions low.
A brief overview of current TV set-top box developments (2002)

The integration of computer, communication and consumer-electronics is becoming a world wide development trend. One of the important and promising developments is the TV set-top box which is a crucial part in an interactive TV system. Now more and more leading companies, including media, cable television, telephone, computer companies, and governments are putting much effort and financial support into the R&D of newly emerging set-top boxes to own a position in the huge profitable market. This paper briefly introduces an interactive TV system, its main components, and the rapid change of its functional definition; then outlines the latest major players, their products and joint trials in the TV set-top box market; and finally analyzes the developing and marketing trend strategies from different views and the technical challenges toward TV set-top box or interactive TV and potential solutions.
Expression of the translocator protein of 18 kDa by microglia, macrophages and astrocytes based on immunohistochemical localization in abnormal human brain (2008)

This report provides the first comprehensive immunohistochemical analysis of the expression of TSPO. The results are useful for informing the usage of positron emission tomography as an imaging modality and have an impact on the potential use of TSPO as an anti-inflammatory pharmacological target.
Detecting gear tooth fracture in a high contact ratio face gear mesh (1995)

This paper summarized the results of a study in which three different vibration diagnostic methods were used to detect gear tooth fracture in a high contact ratio face gear mesh. The NASA spiral bevel gear fatigue test rig was used to produce unseeded fault, natural failures of four face gear specimens. During the fatigue tests, which were run to determine load capacity and primary failure mechanisms for face gears, vibration signals were monitored and recorded for gear diagnostic purposes. Gear tooth bending fatigue and surface pitting were the primary failure modes found in the tests. The damage ranged from partial tooth fracture on a single tooth in one test to heavy wear, severe pitting, and complete tooth fracture of several teeth on another test. Three gear fault detection techniques, FM4, NA4*, and NB4, were applied to the experimental data. These methods use the signal average in both the time and frequency domain. Method NA4* was able to conclusively detect the gear tooth fractures in three out of the four fatigue tests, along with gear tooth surface pitting and heavy wear. For multiple tooth fractures, all of the methods gave a clear indication of the damage. It was also found that due to the high contact ratio of the face gear mesh, single tooth fractures did not significantly affect the vibration signal, making this type of failure difficult to detect.
Elastase secretion by stimulated macrophages. Characterization and regulation. (1975)

Thioglycolate-stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages secrete a Proteinase which degrades insoluble elastin. There is little elastase activity in cell lysates but the bulk of the enzyme accumulates extracellularly during culture in serum-free medium. The secretion of elastase is sustained for over 12 days in culture and continued secretion of elastase requires protein synthesis. Unstimulated macrophages secrete very little elastase activity but can be triggered to secrete higher levels of this enzyme by phagocytosis and intracellular storage of latex particles. The macrophages elastase is a distinctive proteinase differing from the elastases of pancreas and granulocytes and is distinct from the other secreted proteinases of macrophages, namely, collagenase and plasminogen activator. The macrophages elastase is a serine proteinase and is inhibited by di-isopropyl phosphoro-fluoridate, ovoinhibitor, EDTA, dithiothretiol, and serum. Its activity is little affected by soybean trypsin inhibitor, turkey ovomucoid and chloromethyl ketones derived from tosyl lysine, tosyl phenylalanine, and acetyltetra alanine. Hydrolysis by macrophage elastase of chromogenic ester substrates for pancreatic elastase could not be detected. Elastase secretion by stimulated macrophages exceeds that by primary and established fibroblast cell strains. It is likely that elastase secretion by macrophages plays a major role in the pathogenesis of chronic destructive pulmonary diseases such as emphysema.
Adaptive multiphoton endomicroscopy through a dynamically deformed multicore optical fiber using proximal detection (2016)

This paper demonstrates multiphoton excited fluorescence imaging through a polarisation maintaining multicore fiber (PM-MCF) while the fiber is dynamically deformed using all-proximal detection. Single-shot proximal measurement of the relative optical path lengths of all the cores of the PM-MCF in double pass is achieved using a Mach-Zehnder interferometer read out by a scientific CMOS camera operating at 416 Hz. A non-linear least squares fitting procedure is then employed to determine the deformation-induced lateral shift of the excitation spot at the distal tip of the PM-MCF. An experimental validation of this approach is presented that compares the proximally measured deformation-induced lateral shift in focal spot position to an independent distally measured ground truth. The proximal measurement of deformation-induced shift in focal spot position is applied to correct for deformation-induced shifts in focal spot position during raster-scanning multiphoton excited fluorescence imaging.
Transferrin receptors in the human gastrointestinal tract (1986)

Abstract Fluorescently labeled antibodies were used to identify transferrin receptors and mucosal transferrin in human gastrointestinal biopsy sections. Transferrin receptors were evident in the villous epithelium and the crypt areas of duodenum, ileum, and colon, predominantly in the basal-lateral area. In 7 subjects with low iron stores, the intensity of duodenal villous staining for receptor, on a scale of 0–4, was 2.1 ± 0.3 (mean ± SD). This value was significantly higher than the value in 13 subjects with normal iron stores (1.1 ± 0.4). In 5 patients with hereditary hemochromatosis, duodenal transferrin receptor staining was not significantly different from that in the subjects with normal iron stores. Transferrin staining was found in the apical cytoplasm of epithelial cells in the duodenum, ileum, and colon, but observer assessment was not sufficiently reproducible to make a quantitative analysis. Our results suggest that iron deficiency is accompanied by an increase in transferrin receptors in duodenal absorptive cells, and the genetic lesion in hemochromatosis does not involve an increase in transferrin receptors in the intestinal mucosa compared with subjects with normal iron stores.
Service provider selection in an open services environment (2002)

The authors consider the case of a large number of servers that offer services of a given type, differing only in quality and cost. Each service request may be directed to any of those servers. The authors consider rules for choosing the most suitable server for a given request and present a taxonomy of server selection strategies with respect to both information acquisition and decision making. The authors consider in detail the influence of significantly delayed state information on the selection process and demonstrate by means of simulation models that simply selecting the server with minimal load is worse than random selection. An alternative selection mechanism, performing well for a large range of delays, is developed. The possible contradiction between the socially optimal and individual optimal approach resulting from autonomy in choice of server selection rules is recognized and investigated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Redundancy and Don't Cares in Logic Synthesis (1983)

A signal in a logical network is called redundant if it can be replaced by a constant without changing the function of the network. Detecting redundancy is important for two reasons: guaranteeing coverage in stuck-fault testing, and simplifying multilevel logic without converting to two levels. In particular, removing redundancy allows simplification in the presence of don't cares. The algorithm for redundancy removal described in this paper has been used successfully for both of the above purposes. It achieves savings in computer resources at the expense of possibly failing to discover some redundancies.
Generation of stable retrovirus packaging cell lines after transduction with herpes simplex virus hybrid amplicon vectors‡ (2002)

This amplicon vector system should facilitate generation of new types of retrovirus producer cells. Conversion of cells with migratory or tumor/tissue homing properties could result in expansion of the spatial distribution or targeting capacity, respectively, of gene delivery by retrovirus vectors in vivo.
The role of Toll-like receptor-4 in pertussis vaccine-induced immunity (2008)

Tlr4 does not influence the humoral response to vaccination (without challenge), plays an important role in natural immunity, wP and aP efficacy, and induction of Th1 and Th17 responses, is critical for lung pathology and enhances pro-inflammatory cytokine production after wP vaccination and challenge, and diminishes Th2 responses after both wP and aP vaccination and challenge. wP vaccination does not induce Ptx-IgG. A role for LPS in the efficacy of wP underlines the usefulness of LPS analogs to improve bacterial subunit vaccines such as aP.
Remote functionalization of C-H and C-C bonds by "naked" transition-metal ions (Cosi Fan Tutte) (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRemote functionalization of C-H and C-C bonds by "naked" transition-metal ions (Cosi Fan Tutte)Helmut SchwarzCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1989, 22, 8, 282–287Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar00164a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00164a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1718Altmetric-Citations181LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Successful treatment of selected cases of abductor spasmodic dysphonia using botulinum toxin injection (1991)

Ten patients with abductor spasmodic dysphonia, who exhibited spasmodic bursts and heightened activity of the cricothyroid muscle during speech, were selected for participation. Between 5 and 20 U of botulinum toxin type A were injected into both right and left cricothyroid muscles. Six patients benefited substantially, whereas four did not. Acoustic analyses of voice patterns showed similar changes to the clinical impressions. Significant group improvements were found in sentence duration while selected patients improved in the proportion of their speech that was voiced and the duration of their voiceless consonants. Those patients with abductor spasmodic dysphonia and other muscle abnormalities in addition to the cricothyroid and with constant breathiness did not benefit.
Experimental vitrification of human compacted morulae and early blastocysts using fine diameter plastic micropipettes (2004)

The survival rates of human compacted morulae and early blastocysts after vitrification with this simple technique are similar to those reported in the literature achieved by slow cooling and other vitrification protocols.
INHIBITORY EFFECT OF O-ALKYLATED ANALOGUES OF OXYTOCIN AND VASOPRESSIN ON HUMAN AND RAT MYOMETRIAL ACTIVITY (1981)

Analogues of oxytocin and vasopressin modified through O-alkylation (methyl, ethyl and butyl) at position 2 of the peptide chain were synthesized and tested for effects on the rat uterus in vivo and on isolated rat and human myometrial preparations. None of the analogues showed any appreciable oxytocic activity. When tested together with oxytocin or vasopressin the analogues inhibited the uterine response to the hormones in a dose-dependent and reversible way. Ethyl-analogues were more powerful antagonists than methyl-analogues but further prolongation of the alkyl-chain (butyl) diminished the antagonistic properties of the compounds. The effect of antagonistic potency of deamination at position 1 of the analogues varied among the analogues and depended on the test system used. The possible clinical value of the antagonists is discussed.
A user interface for robot-assisted diagnostic ultrasound (2002)

A robot-assisted system for medical diagnostic ultrasound has been developed by the authors. This paper presents key features of the user interface used in this system. While the ultrasound transducer is positioned by a robot, the operator, the robot controller, and an ultrasound image processor have shared control over its motion. Ultrasound image features that can be selected by the operator are recognized and tracked by a variety of techniques. Based on feature tracking, ultrasound image servoing in three axes has been incorporated in the interface and can be enabled to automatically compensate, through robot motions, unwanted motions in the plane of the ultrasound beam. The stability and accuracy of the system is illustrated through a 3D reconstruction of an ultrasound phantom.
Prolonged infusion of hexamethylene bisacetamide: a phase I and pharmacological study. (1987)

Hexamethylene bisacetamide (HMBA, NSC 95580), a potent polar-planar differentiating agent in vitro, was studied in a phase I trial as a 10-day continuous infusion administered every 4 weeks. Since preclinical evidence had demonstrated that the duration of HMBA exposure was an important variable in the induction of differentiation, and HMBA steady-state concentrations (Css) achieved during 5-day infusions were minimally effective at inducing in vitro differentiation, this study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of maintaining HMBA Css for 10 days similar to levels achieved and maintained for 5 days. Twelve patients received 17 evaluable courses at three dose levels, 12, 15.8, and 20 g/m2/day. Platelet toxicity limited further dose escalation. Mean nadir and percentage of decrement in platelet counts were 175,000/microliter and 66%, and 43,500/microliter and 83%, at 15.8 and 20 g/m2/day, respectively. In this 10-day study, the percentage of decrement of platelet counts was linearly related to mean HMBA Css and to the area under the plasma concentration versus time curve (AUC). However, when combined platelet and pharmacological data from both 5- and 10-day studies were analyzed, it was apparent that the duration of HMBA exposure was an additional significant variable in predicting the magnitude of thrombocytopenia. Renal and metabolic toxicities that precluded dose escalation in previous 5-day trials of HMBA were mild and insignificant in this study. Mean HMBA Css were 0.65 +/- 0.09 mmol/liter at 15.8 g/m2/day, and 0.99 +/- 0.22 mmol/liter at 20 g/m2/day. Depletion of intracellular polyamines in peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes was noted during several courses that were associated with profound myelosuppression, but no clear relationships were apparent between the magnitude of polyamine changes and toxicity or between fluctuations in polyamines and the magnitude of mean HMBA Css values. Based on this study, the maximum tolerated and recommended phase II doses for HMBA administered on this schedule were 20 and 15.8 g/m2/d, respectively. The administration of HMBA by a ten-day infusion at the maximum tolerated dose resulted in the delivery of lower daily doses and lower HMBA Css than on the 5-day schedule. The major toxicities differed on these schedules with thrombocytopenia being most prominent on the 10-day schedule and metabolic and CNS toxicities on the 5-day schedule.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Asymmetric total synthesis of erythromycin. 3. Total synthesis of erythromycin (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAsymmetric total synthesis of erythromycin. 3. Total synthesis of erythromycinR. B. Woodward, E. Logusch, K. P. Nambiar, K. Sakan, D. E. Ward, B. W. Au-Yeung, P. Balaram, L. J. Browne, P. J. Card, and C. H. ChenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 11, 3215–3217Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1981https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00401a051RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views3999Altmetric-Citations174LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (458 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Mobility of two-dimensional electrons in AlGaN/GaN modulation-doped field-effect transistors (1998)

We present quantitative calculations of the electron drift mobility in wurtzite (WZ) and zincblende (ZB) structure n-type AlGaN/GaN modulation-doped field-effect transistors. The two-dimensional character of the quantum confined carriers as well as spontaneous and piezoelectric electric field effects are fully taken into account. For given doping concentration, we find that the internal electric fields lead to a much stronger carrier confinement and higher channel densities than in standard III–V materials. For high quality n-type heterostructures, we predict a room temperature mobility at high densities close to 2000 cm2/V s.