gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of Interdiffusion From MCrAlY Overlay Coatings by Application of a Ni-Re Interlayer (1999)

The durability of protective coatings on combustion turbine blades and vanes is a critical issue in the power generation industry. Coating life usually dictates the refurbishment intervals for these components, and these intervals have generally been of shorter duration than desired by the operators of the equipment. Both MCrAlY and aluminide type coatings protect against oxidation and hot corrosion by forming a protective Al2O3 surface layer. Degradation of the coatings occurs by depletion of the aluminum content of the coating through interdiffusion with the substrate and through the formation and spallation of an external Al2O3 scale. The results obtained in this study clearly show that the application of a thin interlayer of Ni-Re beneath the MCrAlY coating can significantly decrease the growth rate of the inner β-NiAl depletion zone. Order of magnitude reductions in the inner depletion zone thickness formed at 1000 h were obtained with both the Ni-32 wt.% Re and the Ni-47 wt.% Re interlayer coatings. Since formation of the inner depletion zone is believed to result from interdiffusion with the substrate, these results suggest that the Ni-Re interlayer provided a significant impediment to the inward diffusion of Al into the substrate.
Yield modeling and optimization of large redundant RAMs (2002)

Presents and analyzes redundant large area TRAM architectures (64 to 512 Mbit) for variations in redundancy level and determine the optimal redundancy organization for yield enhancement. A hierarchical redundancy scheme is used for defect tolerance and the yield of the redundant RAM is modelled using a compounded Poisson model. Results are presented that show the tradeoff in local versus global redundancy schemes for TRAM.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Actinin-associated LIM Protein: Identification of a Domain Interaction between PDZ and Spectrin-like Repeat Motifs (1997)

PDZ motifs are protein-protein interaction domains that often bind to COOH-terminal peptide sequences. The two PDZ proteins characterized in skeletal muscle, syntrophin and neuronal nitric oxide synthase, occur in the dystrophin complex, suggesting a role for PDZ proteins in muscular dystrophy. Here, we identify actinin-associated LIM protein (ALP), a novel protein in skeletal muscle that contains an NH2-terminal PDZ domain and a COOH-terminal LIM motif. ALP is expressed at high levels only in differentiated skeletal muscle, while an alternatively spliced form occurs at low levels in the heart. ALP is not a component of the dystrophin complex, but occurs in association with alpha-actinin-2 at the Z lines of myofibers. Biochemical and yeast two-hybrid analyses demonstrate that the PDZ domain of ALP binds to the spectrin-like motifs of alpha-actinin-2, defining a new mode for PDZ domain interactions. Fine genetic mapping studies demonstrate that ALP occurs on chromosome 4q35, near the heterochromatic locus that is mutated in fascioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy.
Optimal Fuel Loading Pattern Design Using an Artificial Neural Network and a Fuzzy Rule-Based System (1993)

The Optimal Fuel Shuffling System (OFSS) was developed for the optimal design of pressurized water reactor (PWR) fuel loading patterns. An optimal loading pattern is defined in which the local power peaking factor is lower than a predetermined value during one cycle and the effective multiplication factor is maximized to extract the maximum energy. The OFSS is a hybrid system in which a rule-based system, fuzzy logic, and an artificial neural network (ANN) are connected with each other. The rule-based system classifies loading patterns into two types by using several heuristic rules and a fuzzy rule. The fuzzy rule is introduced to achieve a more effective and faster search. Its membership function is automatically updated in accordance with the prediction results. The ANN predicts core parameters for the patterns generated from the rule-based system. A backpropagation network is used for fast prediction of the core parameters. The ANN and fuzzy logic can be used to improve the capabilities of existing algorithms. The OFSS was demonstrated and validated for cycle 1 of the Kori-1 PWR.
A Novel Mutation (I143NT) in Guanylate Cyclase-Activating Protein 1 (GCAP1) Associated with Autosomal Dominant Cone Degeneration (2004)

A novel GCAP1 mutation, I143NT, caused a form of autosomal dominant cone degeneration that destroys foveal cones by mid-life but spares some cones in the peripheral retina up to 75 years. Properties of the GCAP1-I143NT mutant protein suggested that it is incompletely inactivated by high Ca2+ concentrations as should occur with dark adaptation. The continued activity of the mutant GCAP1 likely results in higher-than-normal scotopic cGMP levels which may, in turn, account for the progressive loss of cones.
Phosphate anion chelation and base-pairing. Design of receptors and carriers for nucleotides and nucleotide analogues (1993)

Abstract A rational approach to the development of effective carriers for the through-membrane transport of GMP (guanosine 5′-monophosphate) at neutral pH is described. The approach detailed is a ditopic one predicated on the use of nucleic acid-base ‘nucleobase’ subunits to provide stabilizing hydrogen bonding interactions and the use of expanded porphyrin anion binding subunits to provide phosphate chelation. Appropriate background studies along with the synthesis of a functioning state-of-the-art system are reported. In addition, the reasons for preparing such GMP transport systems are presented in full.
Carotid blood flow measurement accelerated by compressed sensing: Validation in healthy volunteers (2013)

Measurement of blood flow by cine phase-contrast MRI is a valuable technique in the study of arterial disease but is time consuming, especially for multi-slice (4D) studies. Compressed sensing is a modern signal processing technique that exploits sparse signal representations to enable sampling at lower than the conventional Nyquist rate. It is emerging as a powerful technique for the acceleration of MRI acquisition. In this study we evaluated the accuracy of phase-contrast carotid blood flow measurement in healthy volunteers using threefold undersampling of kt-space and compressed sensing reconstruction. Sixteen healthy volunteers were scanned at 1.5T with a retrospectively gated 2D cine phase-contrast sequence. Both fully sampled and three-fold accelerated scans were carried out to measure blood flow velocities in the common carotid arteries. The accelerated scans used a k-t variable density randomised sampling scheme and standard compressed sensing reconstruction. Flow rates were determined by integration of velocities within the manually segmented arteries. Undersampled measurements were compared with fully sampled results. Bland-Altman analysis found that peak velocities and flow rates determined from the compressed sensing scans were underestimated by 5% compared with fully sampled scanning. The corresponding figure for time-averaged flow was 3%. These acceptably small errors with a threefold reduction in scan time will facilitate future extension to 4D flow studies in clinical research and practice.
Measurements of Kinetic Energy Loss for Particles Impacting Surfaces (1990)

Abstract Incoming and rebounding particle velocities were measured to within several particle diameters of the impaction surface using laser Doppler velocimetry. Impacts occurred normal to the surface and ranged from 1 m/s, near the threshold for particle bounce, to 100 m/s, well into the plastic damage regime. Monodisperse ammonium fluorescein spheres, 2.6–6.9 μm in diameter, impacted target surfaces including polished molybdenum and silicon, cleaved mica, and a fluorocarbon polymer. The incident kinetic energy recovered on rebound depended on particle size and target composition at low velocity (< 20 m/s), where the adhesion surface energy is important. No dependence on target composition was found at higher velocities where up to half of the impact energy was lost to plastic deformation. Plastic deformation was a significant component of energy loss even at impact velocities near critical velocity. Critical velocities for the onset of bounce decreased with a stronger power-law dependence on particle diameter than expected from classical adhesion theory or the elastic flattening model proposed by Dahneke. This is consistent with kinetic energy loss contributions from both plastic deformation and surface forces. Auxiliary experiments conducted with and without continuous discharge of the impact surface indicated the absence of a significant electrostatic contribution to particle adhesion.
Trigger Factors in Migraine: a Study Conducted by the Belgian Migraine Society (1987)

SYNOPSIS Information on trigger factors provoking a migraine attack, was collected in 217 migraineurs (176 women, 41 men). In this selected group of patients, most patients were spontaneously aware of one or more trigger factors; 184 (85%) of the patients reported trigger factors with a median number of 3 different trigger factors. The main trigger factors were menstruation (48%) or ovulation (8.5%) in women, certain food (44.7%), alcoholic beverages (51.6%) and stress 148.8%). After excluding the menstrual cycle as a trigger factor, trigger factors were more frequent in women, in older patients and in patients with a longer duration of disease. Women with a menstrual cycle‐related migraine reported more trigger factors, other than the menstrual cycle itself, than women in whom the menstrual cycle had no influence on this migraine: this was especially so for food and beverages. The number and type of trigger factors in the women in whom the migraine was not menstrual cycle‐related, were fully comparable with those in men. Patients in whom alcohol acts as a trigger factor had also significantly more other trigger factors, especially food. The same holds true for patients reporting stress as a trigger factor, but the latter difference is not significant when the different subgroups of trigger factors (food, beverages, other)are considered. Certain trigger factors may be mutually related.
Reduced-Precision Strategies for Bounded Memory in Deep Neural Nets (2015)

This work investigates how using reduced precision data in Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) affects network accuracy during classification. More specifically, this study considers networks where each layer may use different precision data. Our key result is the observation that the tolerance of CNNs to reduced precision data not only varies across networks, a well established observation, but also within networks. Tuning precision per layer is appealing as it could enable energy and performance improvements. In this paper we study how error tolerance across layers varies and propose a method for finding a low precision configuration for a network while maintaining high accuracy. A diverse set of CNNs is analyzed showing that compared to a conventional implementation using a 32-bit floating-point representation for all layers, and with less than 1% loss in relative accuracy, the data footprint required by these networks can be reduced by an average of 74% and up to 92%.
Determination of Cohesive Energy Density Parameters for Developing Pesticide Formulations (1988)

The art of developing agricultural pesticide formulations requires an understanding of the interactions of solute and solvents, of colloidal particles and surface active agents, and of liquids and emulsifiers. The applications of the concepts of Cohesive Energy Density is of value in increasing one's understanding of these phenomena. Detailed explanations of the Cohesive Energy Density principles and concepts are presented in current literature. When applying these concepts the practitioner will on occasion encounter organic compounds or aqueous solutions for which he will not find accurate CED values. This paper will demonstrate methods which can be used in determining these parameters and data points. The first section includes unpublished data calculated by the late Dr. Allen Beerbower, as well as by this author. The second section deals with a method for the determination of the Cohesive Energy Density values of inorganic aqueous solutions.
A temporal model for multi-level undo and redo (2000)

Article A temporal model for multi-level undo and redo Share on Authors: W. Keith Edwards Xerox PARC, 3333 Coyote Hill Road, Palo Alto, CA Xerox PARC, 3333 Coyote Hill Road, Palo Alto, CAView Profile , Takeo Igarashi Brown University, CS Dept., Box 1910, Providence, RI Brown University, CS Dept., Box 1910, Providence, RIView Profile , Anthony LaMarca Yahoo, Inc., 3420 Central Expwy, Santa Clara, CA Yahoo, Inc., 3420 Central Expwy, Santa Clara, CAView Profile , Elizabeth D. Mynatt College of Computing, Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA College of Computing, Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GAView Profile Authors Info & Claims UIST '00: Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technologyNovember 2000 Pages 31–40https://doi.org/10.1145/354401.354409Online:01 November 2000Publication History 29citation1,025DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations29Total Downloads1,025Last 12 Months49Last 6 weeks3 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Epidermal growth factor receptor in relation to tumor development: <i>EGFR</i> gene and cancer (2009)

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its three related proteins (the ERBB family) are receptor tyrosine kinases that play essential roles in both normal physiological conditions and cancerous conditions. Upon binding its ligands, dynamic conformational changes occur in both extracellular and intracellular domains of the receptor tyrosine kinases, resulting in the transphosphorylation of tyrosine residues in the C-terminal regulatory domain. These provide docking sites for downstream molecules and lead to the evasion of apoptosis, to proliferation, to invasion and to metastases, all of which are important for the cancer phenotype. Mutation in the tyrosine kinase domain of the EGFR gene was found in a subset of lung cancers in 2002. Lung cancers with an EGFR mutation are highly sensitive to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as gefitinib and erlotinib. Here, we review the discovery of EGFR, the EGFR signal transduction pathway and mutations of the EGFR gene in lung cancers and glioblastomas. The biological significance of such mutations and their relationship with other activated genes in lung cancers are also discussed.
Use of potassium bicarbonate (Armicarb) on the control of powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) of gooseberry (Ribes uva-crispa). (2010)

Powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) severely infects young shoots, stems and fruits of gooseberry (Ribes uva-crispa). Environmental friendly and biological control measures are being sought throughout the world. Especially in organic gooseberry growing effective control measures are needed, because powdery mildew infections may result in a total loss of the crop. In organic currant growing the number of adequate control methods is very limited. Sulphur as a fungicide against powdery mildew in e.g. gooseberry or table grape growing is not recommendable due to possible bleaching of berries and scorching of tender shoots. Various bicarbonate salts are suggested as a good option to control powdery mildew. In a field trial the effect of potassium bicarbonate (Armicarb) on the on the control of powdery mildew of gooseberry was evaluated. Four treatments; i.e. two preventive strategies and two curative strategies, were applied. PLants were sprayed until runoff. The percent of infected fruits and disease severity were assessed. In the unsprayed control plots very high disease incidences were observed; on average more than 90% of the berries were infected with powdery mildew. The weekly (preventive) spray applications with potassium carbonate reduced the disease incidences on fruits significantly. On average approximately 10% of the fruits were affected by powdery mildew. However, the number of spray applications was high. In conclusion, our results indicate that applications of potassium bicarbonate (as Armicarb) are effective in reducing the incidence and severity of American powdery mildew in gooseberry. Early spray applications are necessary to protect berries against powdery mildew infections. Future research will focus on reducing the number of applications, e.g. warning models based on powdery mildew of rose (Sphaerotheca pannosa).
Accumulated Pension Collars: A Market Approach to Reducing the Risk of Investment-Based Social Security Reform (2000)

The paper shows how a new type of financial derivative--an accumulated pension collar--can be used to guarantee that an investment-based Social Security program provides at least the level of real retirement income projected under current Social Security rules. In effect, future retirees purchase a series of put options which guarantee that retirement benefits do not fall below a benchmark. They pay for this insurance by giving up the part of the variable retirement income which exceeds a certain level, effectively selling a series of call options. We price the accumulated pension collar via Monte Carlo simulations using the risk neutral valuation technique. Assuming that two thirds of the benchmark is provided by the traditional pay-as-you-go program, we find that by saving additional 2.5 percent of earnings retirees can obtain the benchmark. Raising the savings rate to 3 percent of earnings increases substantially the income that individuals can keep, raising it to 145 percent of the currently projected...
Preserving Genome Integrity: The DdrA Protein of Deinococcus radiodurans R1 (2004)

The bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans can withstand extraordinary levels of ionizing radiation, reflecting an equally extraordinary capacity for DNA repair. The hypothetical gene product DR0423 has been implicated in the recovery of this organism from DNA damage, indicating that this protein is a novel component of the D. radiodurans DNA repair system. DR0423 is a homologue of the eukaryotic Rad52 protein. Following exposure to ionizing radiation, DR0423 expression is induced relative to an untreated control, and strains carrying a deletion of the DR0423 gene exhibit increased sensitivity to ionizing radiation. When recovering from ionizing-radiation-induced DNA damage in the absence of nutrients, wild-type D. radiodurans reassembles its genome while the mutant lacking DR0423 function does not. In vitro, the purified DR0423 protein binds to single-stranded DNA with an apparent affinity for 3' ends, and protects those ends from nuclease degradation. We propose that DR0423 is part of a DNA end-protection system that helps to preserve genome integrity following exposure to ionizing radiation. We designate the DR0423 protein as DNA damage response A protein.
Similarity-based retrieval of temporal documents (2000)

In this paper, we describe a similarity-based retrieval framework that addresses the challenges associated with the temporal nature of multimedia documents. Multimedia documents consist of multiple media objects and a set of specifications (eg. temporal) that tie these objects together. Therefore, we describe similarity/dissimilarity measures that aim to capture document authors' intensions. We use a prioritized constraint-based framework to evaluate these measures. We also develop algorithms that efficiently compute these measures for special cases.
Alterations in an IRE1-RNA complex in the mammalian unfolded protein response (2001)

IRE1 proteins mediate cellular responses to accumulation of malfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum in the yeast and mammalian unfolded protein responses. A sensitive in vivo u.v. crosslinking assay showed that IRE1 proteins are intimately associated with RNA in mammalian cells. The IRE1-associated RNA fragments recovered by this assay were different in stressed and unstressed cells. The amount of RNA associated with IRE1 that could be revealed by end-labeling with T4 kinase was greater in IRE1-containing complexes isolated from stressed cells. Furthermore, the RNA fragments recovered from complexes found in stressed cells were shorter than those from unstressed cells, revealing a dynamic change in the IRE1-RNA complex during the UPR. Formation of the complex between IRE1 and RNA was dependent on both the kinase and endonuclease domains of IRE1, and involved pre-existing RNA species. When viewed in the context of the known importance of Ire1p-HAC1 mRNA interactions to the yeast unfolded protein response, these findings suggest that full-length mammalian IRE1s also engage RNA molecules as downstream effectors.
Influence of long‐chain branching on the viscoelastic properties of low‐density polyethylenes (1976)

Abstract Melt How data has been determined for a series of fractionated and whole low density polyethylenes which has been characterized in terms of their molecular weights and degree of long‐chain branching, (LCB). The resulting data indicate that low LCB influences melt flow both through a reduction in molecular size and an increased level of intermolecular interaction. Die swell measurements on whole polymers indicate an increase in melt elasticity with increase in degree of LCB for samples of similar melt flow (MI). Comparison of GPC data with observed die swell characteristics indicates that die swell is a molecular size dependent property and independent of intermolecular entanglement effects, suggesting that the measurement of elastic properties of LDPE melts will provide a means of determining relative degrees of LCB for commercial resins.
QSAR Analysis of Indazole Estrogens as Selective β-Estrogen Receptor Ligands: Rationalization of Physicochemical Properties (2007)

Quantification of structure activity relationships was performed on a series of indazole estrogen analogs, for their relative beta estrogenic receptor agonist activity, in order to understand the essential structural requirements for selectivity of indazole estrogen analogs for beta-estrogenic receptor over alpha-estrogenic receptor. The de novo and Hansch approach suggested that the 3(rd) position of indazole nucleus (R(1)) is decisive for the selectivity of molecules towards beta-estrogenic receptor over alpha-estrogenic receptor. The study also depicted that the substitution of polar group at R(1) position might prove helpful in the beta-estrogenic receptor selectivity (ER(beta/alpha )).
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of the Copper Complex {[Cu(CH_3COO)_2(bbtz)](H_2O)_2}_n (2005)

The new copper complex {[Cu(CH3COO)2(bbtz)](H2O)2}n 1 (bbtz = 1,4-bis(1,2,4- triazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene) was synthesized and the structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Crystal data: C16H22CuN6O6, monoclinic, space group P21/n, a = 12.589(5), b = 6.455(2), c = 12.677(5) ?, β = 98.748(9)o, V = 1018.2(7) ?3, Mr = 457.95, Z = 2, Dc = 1.494 g/cm3, F(000) = 474, μ = 1.118 mm-1, R = 0.0463 and wR = 0.0939 for 1971 observed reflections with I 2σ(I). The crystal structure of 1 is a one-dimensional chain via the bridging flexible ligand bbtz.