gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
G.711.1: A wideband extension to ITU-T G.711 (2008)

This paper describes a scalable coder- G.711.1- which has been standardized by ITU-T for wideband telephony and voice over IP applications. The main feature of this extension is to give wideband scalability to ITU-T G.711, the most widely deployed speech codec. G.711.1 is designed to achieve a very short delay and low complex-ity. ITU-T evaluation results show that the codec fulfils all the re-quirements defined in the terms of reference. 1.
Mutations in the<i>tat</i>Gene Are Responsible for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Postintegration Latency in the U1 Cell Line (1998)

Previous reports have demonstrated that the U1 cell line, a model for postintegration latency, is defective at the level of Tat function and can be rescued by exogenously provided Tat protein. Sequence analysis of tat cDNAs from the U1 cell line identified two distinct forms of Tat, in agreement with the fact that this cell line contains two integrated human immunodeficiency (HIV) proviruses. One Tat cDNA lacked an ATG initiation codon, while the other contained an H-to-L mutation at amino acid 13 (H13-->L). Both tat cDNAs were defective in terms of transcriptional activation of long terminal repeat-luciferase reporter gene in transient-transfection experiments. Introduction of the H13-->L mutation in a wild-type tat background caused a severe reduction in transcriptional activation. Introduction of the same mutation in an infectious HIV molecular clone caused a severely defective phenotype which could be rescued when the HIV proviral DNA was transfected in a Jurkat cell line stably expressing the Tat protein (Jurkat-Tat) or in Jurkat cells treated with tumor necrosis factor alpha. Infectious virus stocks generated in Jurkat-Tat cells were used to infect Jurkat cells and exhibited severely impaired growth which could also be rescued by infecting Jurkat-Tat cells. These observations define tat mutations as a mechanism for HIV postintegration latency.
Optical Power Handling Capacity of Low Loss Optical Fibers as Determined by Stimulated Raman and Brillouin Scattering (1972)

The effect of stimulated Raman and Brillouin scattering on the power handling capacity of optical fibers is considered and found to be important especially when low loss optical fibers are used. A critical power below which stimulated effects may be neglected is defined for forward and backward Raman scattering and for backward Brillouin scattering. This critical power is determined by the effective core area A, the small signal attenuation constant of the fiber alpha, and the gain coefficient for the stimulated scattering process (gamma0), by the approximate relation P(crit) approximately 20Aalpha/(gamma0). For a fiber with 20-dB/km attenuation and an area of 10(-7) cm(2)P(crit) approximately 35 mW for stimulated Brillouin scattering. For stimulated Raman scattering P(crit) is approximately two orders of magnitude higher. It is concluded that these effects must be considered in the design of optical communication systems using low loss fibers.
The PHP web application server (2000)

A Web application server helps a standard HTTP Web server carry out a variety of tasks, such as form processing and database access. The predominant Web application server for the popular open source Apache Web server is PHP (PHP Hypertext Preprocessor). This paper provides an overview of the PHP scripting language and of its important functionality, including form processing and database access. The paper also discusses campus applications of PHP, including campus service projects, a computer science course on web application development, and student projects.
Myosin II Folding Is Mediated by a Molecular Chaperonin (1999)

The folding pathway of the heavy meromyosin subfragment (HMM) of a skeletal muscle myosin has been investigated by in vitro synthesis of the myosin heavy and light chains in a coupled transcription and translation assay. Analysis of the nascent translation products for folding intermediates has identified a major intermediate that contains all three myosin subunits in a complex with the eukaryotic cytosolic chaperonin. Partially folded HMM is released from this complex in an ATP-dependent manner. However, biochemical and functional assays reveal incomplete folding of the myosin motor domain. Dimerization of myosin heavy chains and association of heavy and light chains are accomplished early in the folding pathway. To test for other factors necessary for the complete folding of myosin, a cytoplasmic extract was prepared from myotubes produced by a mouse myogenic cell line. This extract dramatically enhanced the folding of HMM, suggesting a role for muscle-specific factors in the folding pathway. We conclude that the molecular assembly of myosin is mediated by the eukaryotic cytosolic chaperonin with folding of the motor domain as the slow step in the pathway.
Heterogeneity within the alkane‐inducible cytochrome P450 gene family of the yeast <i>Candida tropicalis</i> (1989)

The reexamination of a genomic lambda gt11 Candida tropicalis expression library for the presence of genes related to the previously reported alkane-inducible cytochrome P450alk gene (P450alk), which is the first member of the P450LII gene family, was undertaken. A positive clone with a DNA fragment having 69% similarity with a portion of P450alk was isolated. As in the case of P450alk, this new putative P450 gene was also induced by tetradecane when C. tropicalis was grown on this carbon source and was therefore named P450alk2, P450alk1 corresponding to the first isolated P450 gene. In addition to P450alk2, the existence of other P450alk-related genes is suggested by the hybridization pattern of P450alk1 and P450alk2 probes with the C. tropicalis genomic DNA. The P450LII gene family in C. tropicalis appears therefore to include several different members. This heterogeneity is presently a unique feature within yeast P450 gene families and resembles the situation existing in P450 gene families of higher eukaryotes.
Plant Polyphenols Exhibit Lipoprotein-Bound Antioxidant Activity Using an in Vitro Oxidation Model for Heart Disease (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPlant Polyphenols Exhibit Lipoprotein-Bound Antioxidant Activity Using an in Vitro Oxidation Model for Heart DiseaseJoe A. Vinson, Jinhee Jang, Yousef A. Dabbagh, Mamdouh M. Serry, and Songhuai CaiCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1995, 43, 11, 2798–2799Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1995https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00059a004Request reuse permissionsArticle Views446Altmetric-Citations131LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (262 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Intranasal Steroids for Ocular Symptoms in Allergic Rhinitis (2010)

Because intranasal steroids are the most effective medications for allergic rhinitis symptoms (especially congestion), guidelines recommend them as
Enzyme Loading of Erythrocytes (1973)

We demonstrated that beta-glucosidase and beta-galactosidase can be trapped inside erythrocytes by rapid hemolysis of the cell in the presence of these enzymes. Enzyme enters only during hemolysis, and optimum uptake occurs within 60 sec. There is no loss in cell number after hemolysis-induced enzyme uptake, and the ghosts have only a slightly increased mean cell volume. Smaller proteins enter more readily than larger proteins, although enzymes with a molecular weight of at least 180,000 can be readily entrapped by erythrocytes. This finding may provide a useful approach to the problem of enzyme replacement in certain diseases, including Gaucher's disease.
Advances, Applications and Performance of the Global Arrays Shared Memory Programming Toolkit (2006)

This paper describes capabilities, evolution, performance, and applications of the Global Arrays (GA) toolkit. GA was created to provide application programmers with an inteface that allows them to distribute data while maintaining the type of global index space and programming syntax similar to that available when programming on a single processor. The goal of GA is to free the programmer from the low level management of communication and allow them to deal with their problems at the level at which they were originally formulated. At the same time, compatibility of GA with MPI enables the programmer to take advatage of the existing MPI software/libraries when available and appropriate. The variety of applications that have been implemented using Global Arrays attests to the attractiveness of using higher level abstractions to write parallel code.
Tryptophan and the control of plasma glucose concentrations in the rat (1977)

1. Injection of L-tryptophan (750 mg/kg body wt.) led to pronounced hypoglycaemia in fed and 48 h-starved rats. 2. The hypoglycaemic effect is blocked by pretreament with p-chlorophenylalanine, compound MK-486 [Carbidopa: L-alpha-(3,4-dihydroxybenzyl)-alpha-hydrazinopropionic acid monohydrate] or methysergide, and potentiated by pargyline. 3. 5-Hydroxy-L-tryptophan is more potent and induces a more rapid hypoglycaemia than does tryptophan. Other tryptophan metabolites were not associated with hypoglycaemia. 4. Adrenalectomy increases, and acute experimental diabetes strongly decreases, the sensitivity of rats to tryptophan induction of hypoglycaemia. Diabetic animals were also insensitive to 5-hydroxytryptophan. 5. Metabolite concentration changes in the livers from tryptophan-treated 48h-starved and diabetic animals were consistent with a rapid inhibition of gluconeogenesis. This did not correlate with the hypoglycaemic response. 6. Tryptophan treatment was associated with a significant increase in the plasma [beta-hydroxybutyrate]/[acetoacetate] ratio; there were no changes in the plasma concentrations of urea, triacyglycerol, non-esterified fatty acids and glycerol. 7. These observations suggest that the hypoglycaemic action of tryptophan is mediated through formation of intracellular 5-hydroxytryptamine, and is unrelated to the inhibition of gluconeogenesis. It is unlikely that this increased synthesis of 5-hydroxytryptamine involves directly either the adrenal glands or the central nervous system.
Early Childhood Morality In ICDS Blocks Of Haryana (1985)

The mortality risk of early childhood period has been studied in ICDS Blocks of State of Haryana. The components and causes of early childhood mortality in one block have been viewed. The existing monitoring system of vital events under the scheme is building up. The infant mortality rate of 107 per thousand, 1 to 3years mortality rate of 16.26 per thousand 3 to 6 years mortality rate of 8.08 per thousand is amenable to sample, effective and affordable and affordable technologies and interventions.
Cytokines and arachidonic metabolites produced during human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected macrophage-astroglia interactions: implications for the neuropathogenesis of HIV disease. (1992)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection of brain macrophages and astroglial proliferation are central features of HIV-induced central nervous system (CNS) disorders. These observations suggest that glial cellular interactions participate in disease. In an experimental system to examine this process, we found that cocultures of HIV-infected monocytes and astroglia release high levels of cytokines and arachidonate metabolites leading to neuronotoxicity. HIV-1ADA-infected monocytes cocultured with human glia (astrocytoma, neuroglia, and primary human astrocytes) synthesized tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta) as assayed by coupled reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and biological activity. The cytokine induction was selective, cell specific, and associated with induction of arachidonic acid metabolites. TNF-beta, IL-1 alpha, IL-6, interferon alpha (IFN-alpha), and IFN-gamma were not produced. Leukotriene B4, leukotriene D4, lipoxin A4, and platelet-activating factor were detected in large amounts after high-performance liquid chromatography separation and correlated with cytokine activity. Specific inhibitors of the arachidonic cascade markedly diminished the cytokine response suggesting regulatory relationships between these factors. Cocultures of HIV-infected monocytes and neuroblastoma or endothelial cells, or HIV-infected monocyte fluids, sucrose gradient-concentrated viral particles, and paraformaldehyde-fixed or freeze-thawed HIV-infected monocytes placed onto astroglia failed to induce cytokines and neuronotoxins. This demonstrated that viable monocyte-astroglia interactions were required for the cell reactions. The addition of actinomycin D or cycloheximide to the HIV-infected monocytes before coculture reduced, > 2.5-fold, the levels of TNF-alpha. These results, taken together, suggest that the neuronotoxicity associated with HIV central nervous system disorders is mediated, in part, through cytokines and arachidonic acid metabolites, produced during cell-to-cell interactions between HIV-infected brain macrophages and astrocytes.
A Family With Histologically Confirmed Alzheimer's Disease (1983)

A Canadian family comprising 51 members affected with Alzheimer's disease was evaluated clinically, histologically, and genetically. Ancestors were traced through eight generations, and 51 members were examined at the National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Md. The pedigree is consistent with autosomal dominant inheritance. The effect of interrelatedness among some parents of affected individuals is unknown. In contrast to other studies, there was not an increased incidence of Down's syndrome, hematologic malignancy, or preponderance of affected females.
Systemic Magnesium Deficiency Disclosed by Magnesium Loading Test in Patients with Essential Hypertension. (1995)

The present study was designed to determine whether magnesium (Mg) deficiency is present in patients with essential hypertension. We measured the retention of an intravenously administered Mg load (0.2 mmol/kg MgSO4 over 4 h), and serum and erythrocyte Mg concentrations in 17 inpatients with essential hypertension and in 15 normotensive controls. There was no significant difference between the two groups in erythrocyte Mg concentration (normotensives vs., hypertensives: 2.0 +/- 0.5 vs. 2.1 +/- 0.4 mmol/l cells), serum Mg concentration (normotensives vs. hypertensive: 2.1 +/- 0.2 vs. 2.1 +/- 0.2 mg/dl), or in urinary Mg excretion (normotensives vs. hypertensives: 65.8 +/- 25.5 vs. 73.7 +/- 26.7 mg/day). However, Mg retention was significantly higher in hypertensives than in normotensives (normotensives vs. hypertensives: 31.8 +/- 12.1 vs. 41.9 +/- 13.3%). These results suggest that a systemic Mg deficiency, which is undectectable by serum or erythrocyte Mg determination, may exist in patients with essential hypertension.
Optical reflectivity of micromachined {111}-oriented silicon mirrors for optical input - output couplers (1997)

In this work, bulk-micromachined -oriented silicon mirrors at have been fabricated in 20 wt% KOH solution at various temperatures and characterized with single-mode fibers (10/125 and 5/125). In fabricating the mirrors, the etch rate of the (100) silicon surface was widely varied from 5.3 to as the processing temperatures were varied from 40 to C. In spite of the tremendous variation of etch rate, the measured reflectivities of the mirrors showed fairly stable values of 63.7 - 58% at 1330 nm and 55.4 - 57.7% at 1550 nm. This paper describes the silicon mirror processing conditions, measured reflectivities, reflected beam profiles, and a prototype integrated optical I - O coupler with the realized mirrors. The results obtained from this work show that optical I - O couplers with mirrors on conventional (100)-oriented silicon wafers are feasible, enabling us to envisage a synchronized optical clock distribution system as well as a distributed remote optical sensing system with low manufacturing cost.
Induction of neutralizing antibody in mice against poliovirus type II with monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody. (1985)

Syngeneic monoclonal anti-idiotope antibody Ab2,2-17C3SCC was raised against an idiotope on a protective monoclonal antibody with specificity for poliovirus type II. Ab2,2-17C3SCC detects a paratope-related interspecies IdX. Ab2,2-17C3SCC purified from supernatant fluids of hybridoma cells by protein A-Sepharose was injected into 4- to 6-wk-old BALB/c mice. The sera of the mice were screened for the expression of antibodies bearing the corresponding idiotope. Immunization of mice with Ab2,2-17C3SCC induced antibodies of complementary specificity. Furthermore, micro VN tests suggest that Ab2,2-17C3SCC can substitute for antigen in the induction of anti-polio neutralizing antibodies, and hence can function as a monoclonal anti-idiotypic vaccine.
ICAM-directed vascular immunotargeting of antithrombotic agents to the endothelial luminal surface (2003)

Drug targeting to a highly expressed, noninternalizable determinant up-regulated on the perturbed endothelium may help to manage inflammation and thrombosis. We tested whether inter-cellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) targeting is suitable to deliver antithrombotic drugs to the pulmonary vascular lumen. ICAM-1 antibodies bind to the surface of endothelial cells in culture, in perfused lungs, and in vivo. Proinflammatory cytokines enhance anti-ICAM binding to the endothelium without inducing internalization. (125)I-labeled anti-ICAM and a reporter enzyme (beta-Gal) conjugated to anti-ICAM bind to endothelium and accumulate in the lungs after intravenous administration in rats and mice. Anti-ICAM is seen to localize predominantly on the luminal surface of the pulmonary endothelium by electron microscopy. We studied the pharmacological effect of ICAM-directed targeting of tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA). Anti-ICAM/tPA, but not control IgG/tPA, conjugate accumulates in the rat lungs, where it exerts plasminogen activator activity and dissolves fibrin microemboli. Therefore, ICAM may serve as a target for drug delivery to endothelium, for example, for pulmonary thromboprophylaxis. Enhanced drug delivery to sites of inflammation and the potential anti-inflammatory effect of blocking ICAM-1 may enhance the benefit of this targeting strategy.
Differential GC Content between Exons and Introns Establishes Distinct Strategies of Splice-Site Recognition (2012)

During evolution segments of homeothermic genomes underwent a GC content increase. Our analyses reveal that two exon-intron architectures have evolved from an ancestral state of low GC content exons flanked by short introns with a lower GC content. One group underwent a GC content elevation that abolished the differential exon-intron GC content, with introns remaining short. The other group retained the overall low GC content as well as the differential exon-intron GC content, and is associated with longer introns. We show that differential exon-intron GC content regulates exon inclusion level in this group, in which disease-associated mutations often lead to exon skipping. This group's exons also display higher nucleosome occupancy compared to flanking introns and exons of the other group, thus "marking" them for spliceosomal recognition. Collectively, our results reveal that differential exon-intron GC content is a previously unidentified determinant of exon selection and argue that the two GC content architectures reflect the two mechanisms by which splicing signals are recognized: exon definition and intron definition.
New Zealand (1992)

In the second act of Stuart Hoar's unhistorical political parable Squatter (1987), a photographer, Quincey Bracken, poses a representative group of 1890s landowners for a family portrait. He wishes to create 'a secular altar-piece. Familial rectitude. Sky, land and family. This will be a figurative masterpiece.'1 His composition aspires to freeze Hoar's fictional rulers of the land in a self-justifying moment in time, just as, one hundred years later, the real rulers of the country tried to project an image of the nation as one vast happy family. 1990 was the 150th anniversary of the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi. This was a contradictory document on which to found a new country, as in it the British were allowed to rule, whilst ceding to the tangata whenua (people of the land) authority over their own land.2 Regardless, sesquicentenary was the word of the year justifying visits of the Queen, the hosting of the Commonwealth Games, and misleadingly bilingual inserts between television programmes proclaiming 'Our Country, Our Year: Huia, Tuia, Tui Tuia'. Always accompanying the self-glorifying present, but equally remembered in the fictional past, were the banal lyrics of Quincey's historical near-contemporary, and namesake, Thomas Bracken, laureate of the national anthem, 'God Defend New Zealand'.KeywordsSacred GroveReal RulerLocal PlayNational AnthemProfessional TheatreThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Wireless IPTV over WiMAX: Challenges and Applications (2006)

Internet protocol television (IPTV) is gaining recognition as a viable alternative for the delivery of video by telecommunications and cable companies. It features bandwidth efficiencies, and management; therefore, it is ideally suited for broadcast, multicast, unicast interactive and multimedia services (IMS - IP multimedia). Core networks are packet-based, however, access networks are not always packet-based. Furthermore, they are wired as either fiber-coax or fiber-twisted pair topologies. Design, construction, and maintenance costs of such topologies are exorbitant, making the IPTV deployment economically unviable, especially in underdeveloped countries and rural areas. Worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) offers a wireless solution in the access networks that can support IPTV services. WiMAX is capable of very high data rates, longer reach, and operates in non-line of sight (NLOS) modes in licensed and license exempt frequencies. Bandwidth is scalable and managed. Contents are encrypted for secured transmission and mobility is supported at vehicular speeds. Installation and maintenance costs of WiMAX systems are at a fraction of the costs of wired access networks. Taking advantage of these features, IPTV services can be designed, delivered, and managed cost effectively without compromising the video and audio quality. In this paper, the authors present IPTV over WiMAX implementation in such scenarios. The authors identify challenges and discuss ways to overcome them, especially those in medium access control (MAC), physical layer (PHY) and radio sub-systems. Despite of these challenges, it is observed that IPTV over WiMAX is very feasible.