gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Q-switched laser iridectomy and Q-switched laser goniopuncture. (1977)

&lt;p&gt;The paper attempts to propose an optimal air ticket pricing model during the booking horizon by taking into account passengers' purchasing behavior of air tickets. A Markov decision process incorporating a nested logit consumer response model is established to modeling the dynamic pricing process. The proposed model is estimated and applied using the data collected in a multi-airport region with competition in China. Results indicate that, by considering air ticket purchasing behavior, air ticket price can be set dynamically and optically in response to the changes in exogenous factors which are not controlled by airlines.&lt;/p&gt;
Protein kinase C. Its role in ischemic preconditioning in the rat. (1994)

The present study investigated whether protein kinase C (PKC) plays a role in ischemic preconditioning in the rat heart. Chelerythrine, a specific antagonist of PKC, and 1,2-dioctanoyl-sn-glycerol (DOG), a diacylglycerol analogue and specific antagonist of PKC, were used to determine whether preconditioning could be blocked or triggered, respectively. Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized and instrumented for coronary occlusion and reperfusion. All animals were subjected to 45 minutes of regional ischemia (ISC) followed by 2.5 hours of reperfusion. The preconditioning protocol consisted of 5 minutes of ischemia and then 10 minutes of reperfusion. There were six groups: (1) control (group C, n = 5), (2) preconditioned and ISC (group PC, n = 6), (3) chelerythrine given 2 minutes before ISC (group CC, n = 5), (4) preconditioned and chelerythrine given 2 minutes before ISC (group PCC, n = 6), (5) DOG (dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide [DMSO]) given 10 minutes before ISC (group CD, n = 5), and (6) DMSO given 10 minutes before ISC (group DMSO, n = 3). The end point was infarct size measured using triphenyl tetrazolium chloride and expressed as a percentage of the volume at risk (I/R), measured with fluorescent particles. I/R was significantly reduced by preconditioning (group C, 58.6 +/- 5.0%; group PC, 32.7 +/- 6.3%; P &lt; .01) and by the PKC agonist DOG, which reduced I/R to a similar extent as preconditioning (group C, 58.6 +/- 5.0%; group CD, 28.0 +/- 7.0%; P &lt; .01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
GraphPIM: Enabling Instruction-Level PIM Offloading in Graph Computing Frameworks (2017)

With the emergence of data science, graph computing has become increasingly important these days. Unfortunately, graph computing typically suffers from poor performance when mapped to modern computing systems because of the overhead of executing atomic operations and inefficient utilization of the memory subsystem. Meanwhile, emerging technologies, such as Hybrid Memory Cube (HMC), enable the processing-in-memory (PIM) functionality with offloading operations at an instruction level. Instruction offloading to the PIM side has considerable potentials to overcome the performance bottleneck of graph computing. Nevertheless, this functionality for graph workloads has not been fully explored, and its applications and shortcomings have not been well identified thus far. In this paper, we present GraphPIM, a full-stack solution for graph computing that achieves higher performance using PIM functionality. We perform an analysis on modern graph workloads to assess the applicability of PIM offloading and present hardware and software mechanisms to efficiently make use of the PIM functionality. Following the real-world HMC 2.0 specification, GraphPIM provides performance benefits for graph applications without any user code modification or ISA changes. In addition, we propose an extension to PIM operations that can further bring performance benefits for more graph applications. The evaluation results show that GraphPIM achieves up to a 2.4× speedup with a 37% reduction in energy consumption.
FOXP3 is a homo-oligomer and a component of a supramolecular regulatory complex disabled in the human XLAAD/IPEX autoimmune disease (2007)

We have found that FOXP3 is an oligomeric component of a large supramolecular complex. Certain FOXP3 mutants with single amino acid deletions in the leucine zipper domain of FOXP3 are associated with the X-linked autoimmunity-allergic dysregulation (XLAAD) and immunodysregulation, polyendocrinopathy and enteropathy, X-linked (IPEX) syndrome in humans. We report that the single amino acid deletion found in human XLAAD/IPEX patients within the leucine zipper domain of FOXP3 does not disrupt its ability to join the larger protein complex, but eliminates FOXP3 homo-oligomerization as well as heteromerization with FOXP1. We found that the zinc finger-leucine zipper domain region of FOXP3 is sufficient to mediate both homodimerization and homotetramerization. However, the same domain region from XLAAD/IPEX FOXP3 containing an E251 deletion prevents oligomerizaton and the protein remains monomeric. We also found that wild-type FOXP3 directly binds to the human IL-2 promoter, but the E251 deletion in FOXP3 in XLAAD/IPEX patient's T cells disrupts its association with the IL-2 promoter in vivo and in vitro, and limits repression of IL-2 transcription after T-cell activation. Our results suggest that compromising FOXP3 homo-oligomerization and hetero-oligomerization with the FOXP1 protein impairs DNA-binding properties leading to distinct biochemical phenotypes in humans with the XLAAD/IPEX autoimmune syndrome. This study explains some features of the pathogenesis of a disease syndrome that arises as a consequence of specific assembly failure of a transcriptional repressor due to certain mutations within the FOXP3 leucine zipper.
Sodium channel Nav1.7 immunoreactivity in painful human dental pulp and burning mouth syndrome (2010)

Abstract Background Voltage gated sodium channels Na v 1.7 are involved in nociceptor nerve action potentials and are known to affect pain sensitivity in clinical genetic disorders. Aims and Objectives To study Na v 1.7 levels in dental pulpitis pain, an inflammatory condition, and burning mouth syndrome (BMS), considered a neuropathic orofacial pain disorder. Methods Two groups of patients were recruited for this study. One group consisted of patients with dental pulpitis pain (n = 5) and controls (n = 12), and the other patients with BMS (n = 7) and controls (n = 10). BMS patients were diagnosed according to the International Association for the Study of Pain criteria; a pain history was collected, including the visual analogue scale (VAS). Immunohistochemistry with visual intensity and computer image analysis were used to evaluate levels of Na v 1.7 in dental pulp tissue samples from the dental pulpitis group, and tongue biopsies from the BMS group. Results There was a significantly increased visual intensity score for Na v 1.7 in nerve fibres in the painful dental pulp specimens, compared to controls. Image analysis showed a trend for an increase of the Na v 1.7 immunoreactive % area in the painful pulp group, but this was not statistically significant. When expressed as a ratio of the neurofilament % area, there was a strong trend for an increase of Na v 1.7 in the painful pulp group. Na v 1.7 immunoreactive fibres were seen in abundance in the sub-mucosal layer of tongue biopsies, with no significant difference between BMS and controls. Conclusion Na v 1.7 sodium channel may play a significant role in inflammatory dental pain. Clinical trials with selective Na v 1.7 channel blockers should prioritise dental pulp pain rather than BMS.
Miniaturized two-photon microscope based on a flexible coherent fiber bundle and a gradient-index lens objective (2004)

We present a miniature, flexible two-photon microscope consisting of a fused coherent optical fiber bundle with 30,000 cores and a gradient-index lens objective. The laser focus of a standard two-photon laser-scanning microscope was scanned over the entrance surface of the fiber bundle, resulting in sequential coupling into individual cores. Fluorescent light was detected through the fiber bundle. Micrometer-sized fluorescent beads and pollen grains were readily resolved. In addition, fluorescently labeled blood vessels were imaged through the fiber bundle in rat brain in vivo.
Review of magnetostrictive patch transducers and applications in ultrasonic nondestructive testing of waveguides (2015)

A magnetostrictive patch transducer (MPT) is a transducer that exploits the magnetostrictive phenomena representing interactions between mechanical and magnetic fields in ferromagnetic materials. Since MPT technology was mainly developed and applied for nondestructive ultrasonic testing in waveguides such as pipes and plates, this paper will accordingly review advances of this technology in such a context. An MPT consists of a magnetic circuit composed of permanent magnets and coils, and a thin magnetostrictive patch that works as a sensing and actuating element which is bonded onto or coupled with a test waveguide. The configurations of the circuit and magnetostrictive patch therefore critically affect the performance of an MPT as well as the excited and measured wave modes in a waveguide. In this paper, a variety of state-of-the-art MPT configurations and their applications will be reviewed along with the working principle of this transducer type. The use of MPTs in wave experiments involving phononic crystals and elastic metamaterials is also briefly introduced.
Papillomavirus Pseudovirus: a Novel Vaccine To Induce Mucosal and Systemic Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Responses (2001)

Intestinal mucosa is a portal for many infectious pathogens. Systemic immunization, in general, does not induce a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response at the mucosal surface. Because papillomavirus (PV) naturally infects mucosa and skin, we determined whether PV pseudovirus, i.e., PV-like particles in which unrelated DNA plasmids are packaged, could generate specific mucosal immunity. We found that the pseudovirus that encoded the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus gp33 epitope induced a stronger CTL response than a DNA vaccine (plasmid) encoding the same epitope given systemically. The virus-like particles that were used to make the pseudoviruses provided an adjuvant effect for induction of CTLs by the DNA vaccine. The PV pseudovirus pseudoinfected mucosal and systemic lymphoid tissues when administered orally. Oral immunization with the pseudovirus encoding human PV type 16 mutant E7 induced mucosal and systemic CTL responses. In comparison, a DNA vaccine encoding E7, when given orally, did not induce a CTL response in intestinal mucosal lymphoid tissue. Further, oral immunization with the human PV pseudovirus encoding E7 protected mice against mucosal challenge with an E7-expressing bovine PV pseudovirus. Thus, PV pseudovirus can be used as a novel vaccine to induce mucosal and systemic CTL responses.
Random parity coding (RPC) (2002)

Many communication environments are extremely noisy. The noise mechanism may be quite complex such as a nonstationary mix of impulsive processes, Gaussian noise, and frequency selective fading. Such "unfriendly channels" will be become ever more commonplace as communications continues to be impressed into use in challenging environments such as in factories and around other heavy machinery. It is often not possible to use familiar and efficient error control techniques against the high error rates encountered. The good news is that the amount of information that must be conveyed through a very noisy environment is often nominal and the encoding needs to be robust rather than efficient. In many cases, repetition coding is used as a stand-alone encoding or as an inner code. Repetition coding is extremely inefficient and we believe that we can do better. This paper discloses a new very low rate coding method, random parity coding, (RPC), which may be used in the transport of information over very noisy channels. RPC may be used either as a stand-alone encoding scheme or as a method of reducing the error rate so that a powerful and efficient forward error correction code can be used in conjunction with it.
I see you: How to improve wearable activity recognition by leveraging information from environmental cameras (2013)

In this paper we investigate how vision based devices (cameras or the Kinect controller) that happen to be in the users' environment can be used to improve and fine tune on body sensor systems for activity recognition. Thus we imagine a user with his on body activity recognition system passing through a space with a video camera (or a Kinect), picking up some information, and using it to improve his system. The general idea is to correlate an anonymous ”stick figure” like description of the motion of a user's body parts provided by the vision system with the sensor signals as a means of analyzing the sensors' properties. In the paper we for example demonstrate how such a correlation can be used to determine, without the need to train any classifiers, on which body part a motion sensor is worn.
A body-voltage-sensing-based short pulse reading circuit for spin-torque transfer RAMs (STT-RAMs) (2012)

With scaling of CMOS and Magnetic Tunnel Junction (MTJ) devices, conventional low-current reading techniques for STT-RAMs face challenges in achieving reliability and performance improvements that are expected from scaled devices. The challenges arise from the increasing variability of the CMOS sensing current and the reduction in MTJ switching current. This paper proposes a short-pulse reading circuit, based on a body-voltage sensing scheme to mitigate the scaling issues. Compared to existing sensing techniques, our technique shows substantially higher read margin (RM) despite a much shorter sensing time. A narrow current pulse applied to an MTJ significantly reduces the probability of read disturbance. The RM analysis is validated by Monte-Carlo simulations in a 65-nm CMOS technology with both CMOS and MTJ variations considered. Simulation results show that our technique is able to provide over 300 mV RM at a GHz frequency across process-voltage-temperature (PVT) variations, while the reference designs require 4.3 ns and 2.3 ns sensing time for a 200 mV RM, respectively. The effective read energy per bit required by the proposed sensing circuit is around 195 ft in the nominal case.
Total and High-Molecular-Weight Adiponectin and Risk of Incident Diabetes in Older People (2011)

In this older cohort, increasing concentrations of total and HMW adiponectin were associated with comparably lower risks of diabetes, but these associations leveled off with further increases above concentrations of 20 and 10 mg/L, respectively. The more pronounced risk decreases at the lower range among participants without insulin resistance support a role for adiponectin that is independent of baseline hyperinsulinemia, but this will require further investigation.
Understanding Deep Features with Computer-Generated Imagery (2015)

We introduce an approach for analyzing the variation of features generated by convolutional neural networks (CNNs) trained on large image datasets with respect to scene factors that occur in natural images. Such factors may include object style, 3D viewpoint, color, and scene lighting configuration. Our approach analyzes CNN feature responses with respect to different scene factors by controlling for them via rendering using a large database of 3D CAD models. The rendered images are presented to a trained CNN and responses for different layers are studied with respect to the input scene factors. We perform a linear decomposition of the responses based on knowledge of the input scene factors and analyze the resulting components. In particular, we quantify their relative importance in the CNN responses and visualize them using principal component analysis. We show qualitative and quantitative results of our study on three trained CNNs: AlexNet [18], Places [43], and Oxford VGG [8]. We observe important differences across the different networks and CNN layers with respect to different scene factors and object categories. Finally, we demonstrate that our analysis based on computer-generated imagery translates to the network representation of natural images.
ADP-ribosylation of the rhoA gene product by botulinum C3 exoenzyme causes Swiss 3T3 cells to accumulate in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. (1993)

Using botulinum C3 exoenzyme, which specifically ADP-ribosylates the rho gene products (rho proteins), we examined the role of these proteins in cell cycle progression in Swiss 3T3 cells. Incubation of cell lysates with C3 exoenzyme revealed a single [32P]ADP-ribosylated protein with an M(r) of 23K. This protein was identified as rhoA protein by isoelectric focusing and peptide mapping. When C3 exoenzyme was added to the culture, it ADP-ribosylated the substrate protein in the cells and reduced their growth rate and saturation density. The reduction was dependent on the amount of C3 exoenzyme and on the extent of ADP-ribosylation of the rho protein in the cells. Flow cytometric analysis of logarithmically growing cells showed that the enzyme treatment concentration-dependently accumulated the cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. When G1-enriched cells were treated with C3 exoenzyme and cell cycle progression initiated by the addition of serum was monitored, inhibition of G1-S transition was clearly observed. These results suggest that the rhoA gene product plays a critical role in G1-S progression in cultured Swiss 3T3 cells and that the ADP-ribosylation abolishes this activity and causes the cells to accumulate in G1 phase.
The Pharmacological Chaperone AT2220 Increases the Specific Activity and Lysosomal Delivery of Mutant Acid Alpha-Glucosidase, and Promotes Glycogen Reduction in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Pompe Disease (2014)

Pompe disease is an inherited lysosomal storage disorder that results from a deficiency in acid α-glucosidase (GAA) activity due to mutations in the GAA gene. Pompe disease is characterized by accumulation of lysosomal glycogen primarily in heart and skeletal muscles, which leads to progressive muscle weakness. We have shown previously that the small molecule pharmacological chaperone AT2220 (1-deoxynojirimycin hydrochloride, duvoglustat hydrochloride) binds and stabilizes wild-type as well as multiple mutant forms of GAA, and can lead to higher cellular levels of GAA. In this study, we examined the effect of AT2220 on mutant GAA, in vitro and in vivo, with a primary focus on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-retained P545L mutant form of human GAA (P545L GAA). AT2220 increased the specific activity of P545L GAA toward both natural (glycogen) and artificial substrates in vitro. Incubation with AT2220 also increased the ER export, lysosomal delivery, proteolytic processing, and stability of P545L GAA. In a new transgenic mouse model of Pompe disease that expresses human P545L on a Gaa knockout background (Tg/KO) and is characterized by reduced GAA activity and elevated glycogen levels in disease-relevant tissues, daily oral administration of AT2220 for 4 weeks resulted in significant and dose-dependent increases in mature lysosomal GAA isoforms and GAA activity in heart and skeletal muscles. Importantly, oral administration of AT2220 also resulted in significant glycogen reduction in disease-relevant tissues. Compared to daily administration, less-frequent AT2220 administration, including repeated cycles of 4 or 5 days with AT2220 followed by 3 or 2 days without drug, respectively, resulted in even greater glycogen reductions. Collectively, these data indicate that AT2220 increases the specific activity, trafficking, and lysosomal stability of P545L GAA, leads to increased levels of mature GAA in lysosomes, and promotes glycogen reduction in situ. As such, AT2220 may warrant further evaluation as a treatment for Pompe disease.
Guidelines for the use of Internet-IP addresses in the ISO Connectionless-Mode Network Protocol (1989)

This RFC suggests an addressing scheme for use with the ISO Connectionless Network Protocol (CLNP) in the Internet. This is a solution to one of the problems inherent in the use of "ISO-grams" in the Internet. This RFC suggests a proposed protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. This memo is a revision of RFC 986. Changes were made in order to allow the addressing used in the CLNP in the Internet to be potentially useful for routing in the context of new inter-and intra-domain routing protocols, and in the context of large numbers of networks and routing domains. The addressing scheme proposed in this RFC allows individual routing domains to make use of internal routing algorithms utilizing a variety of addressing formats, while still providing for a common addressing approach for use by interdomain routing. These features are important due to the rapid growth currently being experienced in the Internet.
Investigations on the Mechanism of Action of the Novel Antitumor Agents 2-Benzothiazolyl, 2-Benzoxazolyl, and 2-Benzimidazolyl Hydrazones Derived from 2-Acetylpyridine (1999)

2-Acetylpyridine hydrazone derivatives of benzothiazole, benzoxazole, and benzimidazole were found to exhibit potent cytotoxic activity against the growth of suspended leukemia and lymphomas. They were also active in a number of solid tumor screens, e.g. HeLa uterine carcinoma, SOS bone osteosarcoma, lung MB9812, lung A549, Mcf-7 breast growth. In L1210 lymphoid leukemia cells the compounds preferentially inhibited RNA synthesis followed by DNA synthesis at 100 microM after 60 min. The reduction of de novo purine synthesis by the compounds at the regulatory sites PRPP-amido transferase, IMP dehydrogenase and dihydrofolate reductase was responsible for the suppression of nucleic synthesis. Other minor sites where the agents have metabolic effects were thymidylate synthetase and thymidine kinase which would be additive with the overall inhibition of cell growth. The ct-DNA studies suggest that the compounds also interacted with the DNA molecule itself, probably affecting template activity.
A hybrid protein of urokinase growth‐factor domain and plasminogen‐activator inhibitor type 2 inhibits urokinase activity and binds to the urokinase receptor (1992)

The binding of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) to its specific cell-surface receptor (uPAR) localises the proteolytic cascade initiated by uPA to the pericellular environment. Inhibition of uPA activity or prevention of uPA binding to uPAR might have a beneficial effect on disease states wherein this activity is deregulated, e.g. cancer and some inflammatory diseases. To this end, a bifunctional hybrid molecule consisting of the uPAR-binding growth-factor domain of uPA (amino acids 1-47; GFuPA) at the N-terminus of plasminogen-activator inhibitor type 2 (PAI-2) was produced in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The purified protein inhibited uPA with kinetics similar to placental or recombinant PAI-2 and was also found to bind to U937 cells and to FL amnion cells. GFuPA-PAI-2 competed with uPA, the N-terminal fragment of uPA and a proteolytic fragment of uPA (amino acids 4-43) in cell binding experiments, indicating that the molecule bound to the cells via uPAR. Hence, both the uPA-inhibitory and uPAR-binding domains of the hybrid molecule were functional, demonstrating the feasibility of the novel concept of introducing an unrelated, functional domain onto a member of the serine-protease-inhibitor superfamily.