gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recovering parametric geons from multiview range data (1994)

Focuses on approximating object part shapes by distinctive types of volumetric primitives. Shape approximation is accomplished by fitting volumetric models called 'parametric geons' to multiview range data of single-part objects and classifying the fitting residuals. Parametric geons are seven qualitative shape types defined by parameterized equations which control the size and degree of tapering and bending. Model fitting is performed by minimizing an objective function which measures the similarity in both size and shape between models and objects. Multiple view data, global shape constraints and global optimization are employed to obtain unique models and to compensate for noise and minor variations in object shape. This approach has been studied in experiments with both synthetic 3D data and actual rangefinder data of perfect and imperfect geon-like objects.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Synthesis and Characterization of Nanostructured Fast Ionic Conductor Li<sub>0.30</sub>La<sub>0.56</sub>TiO<sub>3</sub> (2006)

The preparation of a pure and nanostructured phase of the fast lithium conductor Li0.30La0.56TiO3 at low temperature (350 °C for 2 h) is reported for the first time. The synthesis has been carried out by the Pechini-type in-situ polymerizable method. It has been shown that the molar ratios ethylene glycol/citric acid and citric acid/metals, as well as the temperature, are crucial parameters during this synthesis. A careful control of the temperature during polyesterification allowed us to prepare the nanosized phase of oxide and to avoid the formation of thermally stable impurities. The crystallite size (20−30 nm) of the oxide has been determined by the analysis of the broadening of the powder X-ray diffraction lines. The particles size has been confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and the macroporous character of the powder has been evidenced by scanning electron microscopy.
The Microsoft 2017 Conversational Speech Recognition System (2018)

We describe the latest version of Microsoft's conversational speech recognition system for the Switchboard and CallHome domains. The system adds a CNN-BLSTM acoustic model to the set of model architectures we combined previously, and includes character-based and dialog session aware LSTM language models in rescoring. For system combination we adopt a two-stage approach, whereby acoustic model posteriors are first combined at the senone/frame level, followed by a word-level voting via confusion networks. We also added another language model rescoring step following the confusion network combination. The resulting system yields a 5.1% word error rate on the NIST 2000 Switchboard test set, and 9.8% on the CallHome subset.
Interaction-based test-suite minimization (2013)

Combinatorial Test Design (CTD) is an effective test planning technique that reveals faults resulting from feature interactions in a system. The standard application of CTD requires manual modeling of the test space, including a precise definition of restrictions between the test space parameters, and produces a test suite that corresponds to new test cases to be implemented from scratch. In this work, we propose to use Interaction-based Test-Suite Minimization (ITSM) as a complementary approach to standard CTD. ITSM reduces a given test suite without impacting its coverage of feature interactions. ITSM requires much less modeling effort, and does not require a definition of restrictions. It is appealing where there has been a significant investment in an existing test suite, where creating new tests is expensive, and where restrictions are very complex. We discuss the tradeoffs between standard CTD and ITSM, and suggest an efficient algorithm for solving the latter. We also discuss the challenges and additional requirements that arise when applying ITSM to real-life test suites. We introduce solutions to these challenges and demonstrate them through two real-life case studies.
Serum thymidine kinase in transplant patients: its relation to cytomegalovirus activity, renal transplant rejection and its use for monitoring of antiviral therapy. (1986)

Twenty patients, cadaveric renal transplant recipients, were retrospectively analysed for serum levels of deoxythymidine kinase. Special reference was made to the thymidine kinase level in relation to rejection, and viral infection. Seven of the patients experienced clinically suspected cytomegalovirus infection. All these patients had elevated levels of serum thymidine kinase during the period of clinical disease. Usually the thymidine kinase level parallelled the severity of the disease. All patients with irreversible rejection had increased levels of serum thymidine kinase, but normally not as high, as seen in patients with severe cytomegalovirus infection. There was also some correlation between clinically suspected rejection, that lead to rejection treatment, and moderate increase in thymidine kinase. However, not all rejection episodes were accompanied by a thymidine kinase increase. Serum thymidine kinase was analysed and compared in patients with self-healing cytomegalovirus disease, and those treated with phosphonoformate. A rapid decline in thymidine kinase level was found in connection with successful antiviral therapy, when compared to the decline in untreated patients. Some bone marrow transplanted patients were also included in this analysis.
Aaron Burr: conspiracy to treason (2002)

Maps and Illustrations. Prologue. Part One: The Cauldron. Part Two: The Conspirator. Part Three: The Plan. Part Four: The Execution. Part Five: The Indictment. Part Six: The Trial. Epilogue: Villain. Author's Note. Notes. Suggestions for Further Reading. Index.
Whispering gallery mode based optoelectronic microwave oscillator (2003)

Abstract Properties of the optoelectronic microwave oscillator (OEO) based on an optical whispering gallery mode lithium niobate disc cavity are studied theoretically. We show that the threshold of the oscillation of this device may be as low as 1 mW, and its frequency stability (Allan deviation) may be as small as 10−15/t 1/2 for reasonable experimental conditions. The properties of resonant and non-resonant OEOs are compared. Preliminary experimental results on the whispering gallery mode OEO are reported.
X-ray Diffraction (XRD)-Derived Processability Markers for Oil Sands Based on Clay Mineralogy and Crystallite Thickness Distributions (2008)

An X-ray diffraction (XRD) methodology has been developed for characterizing clays in unextracted oil sands. Application of the new technique to five estuarine and five marine ores directly identified three clay mineral properties that may impact bitumen recovery: (1) The specific surface area of illite was significantly greater for four oil sand ores identified as problematic in batch extraction unit tests. (2) The correlation of illite/kaolinite XRD peak area ratios with bitumen recovery produced a processability classification similar to that proposed in earlier work. (3) Significant amounts of chlorite, as measured by XRD, were observed only in marine oil sands; this may provide a means to distinguish marine from estuarine ores. A combination of XRD analysis on separated clays and laser diffraction determination of clay contents provided a quantitative estimate for the illite and kaolinite contents of the oil sands. Also, the contribution from ultrathin illite and kaolinite for each oil sand (i.e., the mass fractions of illite and kaolinite with crystallite thicknesses of 1−3 composite layers) was determined. This methodology thus provides a direct method for the determination of the ultrafines content in unextracted oil sands and obviates the necessity for the time-consuming wet chemistry technique for separation of this component. For the 10 oil sands analyzed here, ultrathin crystallites occurred almost entirely in the illite clay fraction. The amount of ultrathin illite was critical and closely matched the ultrafines concentration required to cause sludging (gelation) in the primary separation vessel, with concomitant loss of bitumen recovery during extraction.
Bronchial reactivity to inhaled histamine: a method and clinical survey (1977)

An easy and safe dose-response histamine-inhalation test is described, to measure the level of non-specific bronchial reactivity. The test was performed in 307 subject. Non-specific bronchial reactivity was increased in 3% of presumed normal subjects, in 100% of active asthmatics and in 69% of asymptomatic asthmatics with previous symptoms only at times of exposure to clinically relevant allergens. It was also increased in 47% of patients with cough and no other chest symptoms, in 40% of patients with rhinitis and vague chest symptoms not by themselves diagnostic of asthma, and in 22% of patients with rhinitis and no chest symptoms. The patients with asthma were studied when their asthma was well controlled and when their minimum drug requirements had been established. The mean level of bronchial reactivity increased with increasing minimum drug requirements. The level of bronchial reactivity also showed a strong negative correlation with the forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1). Atopic subjects, with or without asthma, showed a significant positive correlation between the level of bronchial reactivity and atopic status as indicated by the number of positive allergy skin tests.
Nicotine analogs: synthesis of pyridylazetidines (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNicotine analogs: synthesis of pyridylazetidinesHenry V. Secor and William B. Edwards IIICite this: J. Org. Chem. 1979, 44, 18, 3136–3140Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01332a009https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01332a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views387Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
&lt;title&gt;Detecting image purpose in World Wide Web documents&lt;/title&gt; (1998)

The number of WWW documents available to users of the Internet is growing at an incredible rate. Therefore, it is becoming increasingly important to develop systems that aid users in searching, filtering, and retrieving information from the Internet. Currently, only a few prototype systems catalog and index images in Web documents. To greatly improve the cataloging and indexing of images on the Web, we have developed a prototype rule-based systems that detects the content images in Web documents. Content images are images that are associated with the main content of Web documents, as opposed to a multitude of other images that exist in Web documents for different purposes, such as decorative, advertisement and logo images. We present a system that uses decision tree learning for automated rule induction for the content images detection system. The system uses visual features, text-related features and the document context of images in concert for fast and effective content image detection in Web documents. We have evaluated the system by collecting more than 1200 images from 4 different Web sites and we have achieved an overall classification accuracy of 84 percent.
Measurement of Functional Residual Capacity and Ventilation Inhomogeneity by Gas Dilution Techniques (2005)

The functional residual capacity (FRC) is the only static lung volume measured routinely in infants. It can be measured using infant whole body plethysmography or one of several gas dilution tests. While plethysmography measures all compressible gas within the thorax, the gas dilution methods measure the volumes readily communicating with the central airways. Normative data have been published on FRC in infants both with gas dilution methods and plethysmography. A correct measure of FRC is important when interpreting other lung function test findings. An abnormally raised FRC suggests hyperinflation and low values suggest a restrictive disorder.A markedly higher FRC with plethysmography versus gas dilution suggests the presence of marked gas trapping. Several gas dilution methods can be used in infants, but newer methods based on breath-by-breath recordings have the advantage of providing data on the overall efficiency of gas mixing, i.e. on inhomogeneity of ventilation distribution. Simple indices of impaired gas mixing are sensitive indicators of peripheral airway obstruction and may be of particular importance for early detection of lung involvement in chronic lung disorders such as cystic fibrosis. New methods for analyzing washout recordings may provide further information on the mechanisms behind the impaired gas mixing.
Analysis of the sucrose synthase gene family in Arabidopsis (2007)

The properties and expression patterns of the six isoforms of sucrose synthase in Arabidopsis are described, and their functions are explored through analysis of T-DNA insertion mutants. The isoforms have generally similar kinetic properties. Although there is variation in sensitivity to substrate inhibition by fructose this is unlikely to be of major physiological significance. No two isoforms have the same spatial and temporal expression patterns. Some are highly expressed in specific locations, whereas others are more generally expressed. More than one isoform is expressed in all organs examined. Mutant plants lacking individual isoforms have no obvious growth phenotypes, and are not significantly different from wild-type plants in starch, sugar and cellulose content, seed weight or seed composition under the growth conditions employed. Double mutants lacking the pairs of similar isoforms sus2 and sus3, and sus5 and sus6, are also not significantly different in these respects from wild-type plants. These results are surprising in the light of the marked phenotypes observed when individual isoforms are eliminated in crop plants including pea, maize, potato and cotton. A sus1/sus4 double mutant grows normally in well-aerated conditions, but shows marked growth retardation and accumulation of sugars when roots are subjected to hypoxia. The sucrose synthase activity in roots of this mutant is 3% or less of wild-type activity. Thus under well-aerated conditions sucrose mobilization in the root can proceed almost entirely via invertases without obvious detriment to the plant, but under hypoxia there is a specific requirement for sucrose synthase activity.
Matrix metalloproteinases in cancer: from new functions to improved inhibition strategies (2004)

Over the last years, the relevance of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family in cancer research has grown considerably. These enzymes were initially associated with the invasive properties of tumour cells, owing to their ability to degrade all major protein components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and basement membranes. However, further studies have demonstrated the implication of MMPs in early steps of tumour evolution, including stimulation of cell proliferation and modulation of angiogenesis. The establishment of causal relationships between MMP overproduction in tumour or stromal cells and cancer progression has prompted the development of clinical trials with a series of inhibitors designed to block the proteolytic activity of these enzymes. Unfortunately, the results derived from using broad-spectrum MMP inhibitors (MMPIs) for treating patients with advanced cancer have been disappointing in most cases. There are several putative explanations for the lack of success of these MMPIs including the recent finding that some MMPs may play a paradoxical protective role in tumour progression. These observations together with the identification of novel functions for MMPs in early stages of cancer have made necessary a reformulation of MMP inhibition strategies. A better understanding of the functional complexity of this proteolytic system and global approaches to identify the relevant MMPs which must be targeted in each individual cancer patient, will be necessary to clarify whether MMP inhibition may be part of future therapies against cancer.
The Federal Trade Commission's Commitment to On-Line Consumer Protection, 15 J. Marshall J. Computer & Info. L. 679 (1997) (1997)

This article deals with the Federal Trade Commission's (FTC) efforts to apply consumer protection statutes to on-line activity. The article describes the role of the FTC and explains how it operates. It also discusses the applicability of the Mail or Telephone Order Merchandise Rule, the Fair Credit Billing Act and the Electronic Fund Transfer Act to on-line commerce. Lastly, it describes and examines Section 5 of the FTC Act, which prohibits unfair and deceptive acts or practices in or affecting commerce. This article also examines recent cases that involved on-line crimes, as well as "sweeps" that the FTC regularly executes with states and other federal authorities, to attack law violations. It also discusses the FTC's attempt to prevent pyramid schemes on the Internet, and the FTC's pursuit of cases in which the Internet was simply the media used for advertising. Non-regulatory methods of protecting consumers are also discussed. The FTC's relationships with consumer and business education campaigns as well as private businesses or consumer organizations are addressed. This article also discusses the use of Internet technology to inform consumers on how to protect themselves. The FTC's examination of on-line marketing is also discussed in this article. In particular, it discusses the implications of electronic commerce for consumer privacy. It analyzes past privacy workshops as well as future privacy workshops that the FTC is arranging to gather information about unsolicited commercial e-mail. Lastly, this article deals with enforcement issues that are raised by the Internet. It examines what is known as the "asterisk issue," as well as what is known as "spamming." This article concludes that a multi-faceted approach that relies on consumer education and self-regulation, along with the help of the FTC, to prevent fraudulent and deceptive practices without burdening on-line commerce is the best method of regulation.
Estimation of scattering losses in dielectrically apertured vertical cavity lasers (1996)

Dielectric apertures, formed by oxidation or wet-etching of high Al content AlGaAs layers in vertical cavity lasers, have recently been used for improved device performance. In this letter an iterative numerical analysis is used to estimate the excess optical losses as the device diameter is reduced. For smaller sizes, where single-mode devices are possible, the optical scattering losses become significant unless the aperture is tapered to approximate a perfect lens or is thin to approximate a weaker waveguide.
Perineurial defect and peripheral opioid analgesia in inflammation (1995)

Opioid receptors have been demonstrated on sensory nerves in both inflamed and normal subcutaneous tissue but locally applied opioid agonists produce analgesia in inflamed tissue only. Inflammation confers a disruption of the perineurial barrier that can also be induced deliberately by hyperosmolar solutions. The present study examines at which stage of Freund's adjuvant-induced inflammation peripheral opioid analgesic effects become manifest and whether a perineurial defect contributes to the appearance of such effects. To this end we have monitored the temporal evolution of inflammatory signs (swelling, temperature, hyperalgesia) and of peripheral antinociceptive effects (by the paw pressure test) of mu-, delta-, and kappa-selective opioids. Using horseradish peroxidase histochemistry, the perineurial barrier was assessed in normal and inflamed tissue and following its artificial disruption by hyperosmolar saline and mannitol in vivo. Finally, we sought to elicit analgesia in normal tissue by the concomitant application of mannitol and receptor-selective opioids or by an extremely lipophilic opioid agonist (fentanyl). We found that peripheral opioid antinociception and perineurial leakage occur simultaneously at a very early stage (within 12 hr) of the inflammatory reaction and that both can be mimicked by the administration of hyperosmolar solutions in normal tissue. Fentanyl produced peripheral antinociception in noninflamed tissue that was potentiated by mannitol or inflammation. Our findings demonstrate that the perineurium is a crucial determinant for peripheral opioid analgesia and that the efficacy of locally applied hydrophilic or lipophilic neuromodulatory compounds can be improved dramatically by the concomitant modulation of perineurial permeability.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Role of cytokines in epidermal Langerhans cell migration (1999)

In the epidermal compartment of skin, keratinocytes (KC), Langerhans cells (LC), and their soluble products, i.e. cytokines, constitute a unique immunologic microenvironment. KC participate in cutaneous immune responses by producing various cytokines. LC, a member of the dendritic cell (DC) family, represent the professional antigen-presenting cells in the epidermis. Although it has been demonstrated that migration of LC from skin to lymph nodes is a critical step for the antigen presentation, molecular mechanisms for such an event remain unclear. Recent studies suggest that cytokines are able to modulate LC/DC migration. There is accumulating evidence that proinflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-1 and tumor necrosis factor alpha promote LC emigration from the skin, whereas the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 is a counter-regulator. LC/DC express chemokine receptors. Chemokines generated from lymphatic endothelial cells and lymph node cells play a role in the directional migration of LC/DC into lymph nodes. This article reviews current studies on the role of cytokines in LC/DC migration.
Synthesis of Ligand-Free Colloidally Stable Water Dispersible Brightly Luminescent Lanthanide-Doped Upconverting Nanoparticles (2011)

The synthesis using the thermal decomposition of metal trifluoroacetates is being widely used to prepare oleate-capped lanthanide-doped upconverting NaYF(4):Er(3+)/Yb(3+) nanoparticles (Ln-UCNPs). These nanoparticles have no inherent aqueous dispersibility and inconvenient postsynthesis treatments are required to render them water dispersible. Here, we have developed a novel and facile approach to obtain water-dispersible, ligand-free, brightly upconverting Ln-UCNPs. We show that the upconversion luminescence is affected by the local environment of the lanthanide ions at the surface of the Ln-UCNPs. We observe a dramatic difference of the integrated upconverted red:green emission ratio for Ln-UCNPs dispersed in toluene compared to Ln-UCNPs dispersed in water. We can enhance or deactivate the upconversion luminescence by pH and H/D isotope vibronic control over the competitive radiative and nonradiative relaxation pathways for the red and green excited states. Direct biofunctionalization of the ligand-free, water-dispersible Ln-UCNPs will enable myriad new opportunities in targeting and drug delivery applications.