gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dislocation behavior in InGaN/GaN multi-quantum-well structure grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (2002)

Propagation characteristics of dislocations were investigated in InGaN/GaN multi-quantum-well structures grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. Threading dislocations with Burgers vector of b=〈1̄1̄20〉, emerged from the GaN buffer region, change their glide plane from normal to parallel to the growth plane when they meet InGaN wells. Dislocations gliding on the growth planes were pinned by quantum dots leaving two possible ways of propagation, changing their glide plane back to normal to the growth plane, {101̄0}, or extending loop shape pinned both ends by the quantum dots. Indium-rich quantum dots were formed on the InGaN quantum-well layers with size of 30±25 nm in diameter. It was estimated that the critical size of quantum dots to pin the dislocations is 30 nm.
Twenty-year follow-up of the breast cancers diagnosed during the Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Project (1997)

This study reports on the 20-year follow-up of the women diagnosed with breast cancer in the Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Project (BCDDP) between 1973 and 1980. This project provided 5 years of screening with physical examination and two-view mammography for 280,000 volunteer women across the United States. Based on a 96% follow-up from 1993 to 1995 of the 4,051 women with breast cancer available for analysis, 2,658 (66%) were alive and 1,393 (34%) were dead. A high proportion of the cancers were detected by mammography alone, and 28.6% of all the cancers were smaller than 1.0 cm. Survival rates were calculated by life table method with deaths from breast cancer as the outcome. The adjusted survival rate for the entire group was 80.5%, and the observed survival rate was 61.7%. Adjusted and observed survival rates were 97.2% and 78.5%, respectively, for women with non-invasive cancers and 78.2% and 59.3%, respectively, for those with invasive cancers. Lymph node status and the size of the cancer at diagnosis were prognostic indicators of survival in the BCDDP Women with invasive cancers and negative lymph nodes had an 85.5% breast cancer survival rate and a 65.6% observed survival rate. Adjusted survival rates for women with invasive breast cancers were 90.2% for cancers smaller than 1 cm, 80.5%, for cancers 1.0 to 1.9 cm, 70.5% for cancers 2.0 to 4.9 cm, and 60.6% for cancers larger than 5 cm. Women 40 to 49 years of age demonstrated a greater survival with noninvasive or invasive cancers smaller than 5.0 cm compared with women 50 to 59 and 60 to 69 years of age at diagnosis. These results from the BCDDP are discussed in the context of the recent decline in breast cancer incidence and mortality in the United States.
Intrinsic signal changes accompanying sensory stimulation: functional brain mapping with magnetic resonance imaging. (1992)

We report that visual stimulation produces an easily detectable (5-20%) transient increase in the intensity of water proton magnetic resonance signals in human primary visual cortex in gradient echo images at 4-T magnetic-field strength. The observed changes predominantly occur in areas containing gray matter and can be used to produce high-spatial-resolution functional brain maps in humans. Reducing the image-acquisition echo time from 40 msec to 8 msec reduces the amplitude of the fractional signal change, suggesting that it is produced by a change in apparent transverse relaxation time T*2. The amplitude, sign, and echo-time dependence of these intrinsic signal changes are consistent with the idea that neural activation increases regional cerebral blood flow and concomitantly increases venous-blood oxygenation.
PERIPHERAL EFFECTS OF l-THYROXINE ON HAIR GROWTH AND COLORATION IN CATTLE (1960)

SUMMARY An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that thyroid secretion may have a direct effect on hair growth and coloration in cattle, offering a common basis both for photoperiodic and thermally induced changes in the coat. 600 μg l -thyroxine were applied daily over an area of 100 cm 2 of the left lumbar region of six cows for 46 days, and an identical amount of solvent to the corresponding area of the right lumbar region which served as a control. The cows were subjected to a constant day length of 12 hr, a constant air temperature (31·7±0·8° C) and constant relative humidity (69·0 ± 5·6%). Hair growth was determined by the weight of hair grown on the 100 cm 2 areas during the experimental period after an initial clipping. The amount of pigment in 100 mg hair was determined spectrophotometrically following digestion of hair in 0·5 n -NaOH. The topical application of l -thyroxine increased hair growth by 18% and pigmentation by 18·7% above the values on the control areas. This suggests a possible role of the thyroid in the control of the annual cycle in hair growth and shedding in cattle.
Over-expression of exotic superoxide dismutase gene MnSOD and increase in stress resistance in maize. (2006)

To evaluate the effect of over-expressed Mn-superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) on stress resistance in maize, an over-expression vector with MnSOD gene of wheat was constructed and used to transform embryonic calli of elite maize inbred line by gene gun. After screening with a concentration gradient of hygromycin, 9 plants were regenerated from the positive calli and reproduced fertile seeds, 5 of which were shown to be positive by PCR and Southern blot analysis. This result indicated that the exotic gene had been integrated in maize genome. SOD enzyme extracts were separated by non-denatured polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of gradient concentration. After inhibition with 5 mmol/L H(2)O(2) to FeSOD and Cu/ZnSOD, MnSOD enzyme activity was assayed with nitrotetrazolium chloride blue staining. All the 5 plants shown to be positive in Southern blot had higher MnSOD activity than untransformed control. Electric conductivity of leaf exudate was assayed after damage treatment with methyl viologen. The result suggested that the resistance of the transformed plants to oxidative damage was significantly higher than untransformed control.
Investigation of poly-Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/ for dual-gate CMOS technology (1998)

Poly-Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/-gated MOS capacitors were fabricated with x varying from 0 to 0.5. NMOS and PMOS C-V characteristics were measured. Reduced poly-gate depletion effect (PDE) was observed in PMOS devices with increasing Ge mole fraction; while for NMOS, devices with a Ge content /spl sim/20% exhibit the least PDE. Higher active dopant concentration and reduced gate-depletion width for devices featuring less PDE were confirmed. Work function difference (/spl Phi//sub MS/) was found to decrease slightly in N/sup +/ films and significantly in P/sup +/ films as Ge content increases. The shift in /spl Phi//sub MS/ for N/sup +/ poly-Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/ is negligible while it is -0.13 V for P/sup +/Si/sub 0.8/Ge/sub 0.2/ and -0.32 V for P/sup +/Si/sub 0.5/Ge/sub 0.5/. The reduction in energy bandgap (/spl Delta/E/sub g/) was also determined to increase from 0 to 0.26 eV as Ge content increases from 0 to 50%. For deep submicron dual-gate CMOS application, the shift in /spl Phi//sub MS/ should be minimized for low and symmetrical V/sub th/ as well as improved short-channel effect (SCE). A Ge content of /spl sim/20% therefore seems to offer the best tradeoff between SCE and PDE.
Postprocessing techniques for voice pitch trackers (2005)

The concepts of dynamic programming and pattern matching are used in a postprocessing technique for voice pitch tracking. The dynamic programming is used to achieve a smooth pitch contour based on information in the current and previous frames. A voicing decision is made based on matching the smooth contour from the dynamic programming with a set of reference templates which are representative of voiced and unvoiced speech. Three postprocessing techniques; the dynamic programming technique, nonlinear smoothing and median smoothing are appended to three standard pitch tracking algorithms. A comparative evaluation of these postprocessing techniques is performed over a data base of 58 male and female speakers ranging from 6 to 87 years of age. It is shown that significant improvement in the performance of the pitch tracking algorithms can be obtained with the dynamic progranming postprocessing.
Searches for massive molecular cloud cores with CO isotopes. (2000)

Using the newly installed SIS receiving system of the 13.7m telescope of PMO, CO isotopes 13CO J = 1 - 0 were observed in a search for dense cores in 64 IRAS sources with high color indices or H2O masers. Maps were obtained for some of the sources. The line pair was detected in all the target sources. The emission of 13CO J = 1 - 0 is strong showing that the emission regions are dense. The pair lines of the CO isotopes were measured for the first time in at least 60 sources. Antenna temperatures, center velocities and line widths are obtained with Gaussian fitting. Preliminary analyses were made for the emission intensities and line profiles.
Heat shock response to vaccinia virus infection (1994)

We have investigated the induction of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in mice infected with vaccinia virus. Vaccinia virus replicates to high levels in the ovaries of infected mice and causes a significant inhibition of host cell DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis. Many HSPs are constitutively expressed in murine ovarian tissue at low levels, consistent with their obligatory role in normal physiological events. In contrast with these events, HSP expression was augmented in virus-infected mouse ovaries 6 days postinfection. In particular, there was a dramatic increase in the expression of a protein identified as the inducible 72-kDa HSP. Analysis of cellular mRNA confirmed this protein to be the major mouse inducible HSP70 and demonstrated its presence within virus-infected cells. Hence, we have demonstrated the expression of stress proteins during poxvirus infection in vivo.
Imprinting and the Epigenetic Asymmetry Between Parental Genomes (2001)

Genomic imprinting confers a developmental asymmetry on the parental genomes, through epigenetic modifications in the germ line and embryo. These heritable modifications regulate the monoallelic activity of parental alleles resulting in their functional differences during development. Specific cis-acting regulatory elements associated with imprinted genes carry modifications involving chromatin structural changes and DNA methylation. Some of these modifications are initiated in the germ line. Comparative genomic analysis at imprinted domains is emerging as a powerful tool for the identification of conserved elements amenable to more detailed functional analysis, and for providing insight into the emergence of imprinting during the evolution of mammalian species. Genomic imprinting therefore provides a model system for the analysis of the epigenetic control of genome function.
Characteristics of Vanadium Removal and Coke Formation Using Supercritical Water for Heavy Oil Upgrading (2011)

Heavy oil upgrading technology using supercritical or subcritical water has been developed to produce low viscosity and vanadium-free reformed oil. This study investigated the vanadium removal mechanism from heavy oil using a continuous tube reactor. In particular, the relationship between vanadium removal and coke formation during the upgrading process was estimated. The experimental conditions were as follows: pressure 25 MPa, temperature 350-470°C, and water/oil ratio 0.5. The coke yield heavily depended on the operating temperature of the tube reactor. The vanadium content in heavy oil was expected to concentrate in the coke at higher temperatures of the reactor. Therefore, the concentration of vanadium in the reformed oil was lower with higher coke yield. The asphaltene fraction in the heavy oil included a high concentration of vanadium, and the asphaltene tend to form the coke at reactor temperature of 450°C. Supercritical water can be expected to absorb the light oil components and asphaltene fractions at this temperature.
Nuclear Reprogramming of Somatic Cells After Fusion with Human Embryonic Stem Cells (2005)

We have explored the use of embryonic stem cells as an alternative to oocytes for reprogramming human somatic nuclei. Human embryonic stem (hES) cells were fused with human fibroblasts, resulting in hybrid cells that maintain a stable tetraploid DNA content and have morphology, growth rate, and antigen expression patterns characteristic of hES cells. Differentiation of hybrid cells in vitro and in vivo yielded cell types from each embryonic germ layer. Analysis of genome-wide transcriptional activity, reporter gene activation, allele-specific gene expression, and DNA methylation showed that the somatic genome was reprogrammed to an embryonic state. These results establish that hES cells can reprogram the transcriptional state of somatic nuclei and provide a system for investigating the underlying mechanisms.
Gene therapy with an adeno-associated virus carrying an interferon gene results in tumor growth suppression and regression. (1996)

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors were constructed containing both a synthetic type I interferon gene, (IFN-con1) and the bacterial neomycin-resistant gene. Recombinant virions were used to infect a number of human tumor cell lines, including 293, Hela, K562, and Eskol (a hairy cell leukemia-like cell), and geneticin-resistant cells were selected. All IFN-con1-transduced cell lines produced low levels of IFN-con1 and grew at the same rate as nontransduced cell lines. Although these cell lines were resistant to IFN in vitro, when injected into nude mice, 293, K562, and Eskol cells failed to form tumors up to 3 months after the initial inoculum, although mice receiving nontransduced cells developed tumors within 7 to 10 days. Transduced Hela cells grew much slower in vivo and formed much smaller tumors than did the parental cells. When equal numbers of transduced and nontransduced cells were injected into nude mice, tumors initially developed slowly and then completely regressed. Treatment of an established Eskol tumor (histologically a malignant immunoblastic lymphoma) with AAV/IFN-con1-transduced 293 cells resulted in tumor regression, whereas treatment of Eskol tumors with IFN-con1 resulted in a small decrease in tumor size. These results indicate that the human IFN-con1 gene in a viral vector can be used successfully in the treatment of tumors both directly and by tumor-targeted gene therapy.
Synthesis and electrical response of single-ion conducting network polymers based on sodium poly(tetraalkoxyaluminates) (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and electrical response of single-ion conducting network polymers based on sodium poly(tetraalkoxyaluminates)Kate E. Doan, M. A. Ratner, and D. F. ShriverCite this: Chem. Mater. 1991, 3, 3, 418–423Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1991https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00015a012Request reuse permissionsArticle Views199Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (756 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
80×32 SOI diode-based uncooled IRFPAs for thermal detectors (2021)

We describe uncooled infrared focal plane arrays (IRFPAs), which consist of pn junction diodes fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) layer using a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process. Based on this technique, we released the Mitsubishi Electric Diode Infrared sensor (MelDIR) into the thermal detector market in 2019. This sensor is an 80×32 IRFPA with a 25 &mu;m pixel pitch, utilizing a chip-scale vacuum-packaging process. To reduce the sensor cost, we developed a common differential circuit that switches the column pixel line, and achieved a significant reduction in chip area. In order to use a low-cost lens in the sensor module, we also developed an aberration correction method that improves the temperature measurement accuracy. Furthermore, we evaluated the effectiveness of a shutter-less method based simply on the thermal behavior of the SOI diode. These techniques allow enhanced performance of the MelDIR.
Functional and structural characteristics of EGF and its receptor and their relationship to transforming proteins (1986)

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a peptide which effects the growth and/or differentiated functions of many cell types. Several pieces of evidence indicate that EGF and its receptor may play a role in carcinogenesis. Functional and structural characteristics of EGF and its receptor and their relationship to transforming proteins are discussed. EGF has extensive homology with alpha-transforming growth factor (alpha-TGF), which may actually be an embryonic form of EGF. Nevertheless, both EGF and alpha-TGF elicit transformation-associated phenotypes in target cells under certain conditions. EGF effects are mediated by a receptor present on the plasma membrane. The EGF receptor is a highly complex protein having several functions in addition to binding EGF in a highly specific manner. One of these functions is to phosphorylate tyrosyl residues on certain proteins. This activity is similar to that expressed by the src family of oncogene-encoded proteins. Besides sharing functional homology the EGF receptor also exhibits structural homology to several oncogene-encoded proteins. The v-erb-B-transforming protein has a striking extent of homology (95%) to the cytoplasmic portion of the EGF receptor. These data support the concept that some aspect of EGF-stimulated metabolism is involved in cellular transformation.
Simple high-speed confocal line-scanning microscope (2005)

Using a line scan camera and an acousto-optic deflector (AOD), we constructed a high-speed confocal laser line-scanning microscope that can generate confocal images (512 x 512 pixels) with up to 191 frames/s without any mechanically moving parts. The line scanner consists of an AOD and a cylindrical lens, which creates a line focus sweeping over the sample. The measured resolutions in z (depth), x (perpendicular to line focus), and y (direction of line focus) directions are 3.3 mum, 0.7 mum and 0.9 mum, respectively, with a 50x objective lens. This confocal microscope may be useful for analyzing fast phenomena during biological and chemical interactions and for fast 3D image reconstruction.
High contrast electrochromic materials based on poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophene) derivatives (1999)

Not available.
Research Directions and Foundations in Topological Quantum Computation Methods (2013)

We give a short overview of the recent research perspectives and mathematical foundations in topological quantum computation theory. In particular, we will be interested in braid representation theory, topological invariants of braids, approximation with braiding generators and quantum hashing with the icosahedral group.
In-Situ Heat and Paraffin Inhibitor Combination Prove Cost Effective in NPR #3, Casper, Wyoming (1986)

ABSTRACT Recent application of an in-situ heat and nitrogen generating system has led to a cost effective method of paraffin control for the Department of Energy at the Naval Petroleum Reserve (NPR) #3 in Casper, Wyoming. The combination of in-situ heat, solvent and paraffin inhibitor has not only prolonged productivity but also effectively stimulated the producing zones. This paper describes paraffin treatments with the in-situ heat generating system in the NPR #3. Case histories showing candidate selection, pre and post treatment production levels and economics are presented.
Effects of the pH dependence of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide-formazan absorption on chemosensitivity determined by a novel tetrazolium-based assay. (1989)

The tetrazolium dye, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), is reduced by live but not dead cells, and this reaction is used as the end point in a rapid drug-screening assay. It can also be used for accurate determinations of drug sensitivity but only if a quantitative relationship is established between cell number and MTT-formazan production. We have shown that reduction of MTT to MTT-formazan by cells is dependent on the amount of MTT in the incubation medium. The concentration required to give maximal MTT-formazan production differs widely between cell lines. The absorption spectrum of MTT-formazan varies with cell number and with pH. At a low cell density or a high pH, the absorption maximum is at a wavelength of 560 to 570 nm. However, at a high cell density or a low pH, there are two absorption maxima; one at 510 nm and a second at about 570 nm. Measurements of absorbance at 570 nm underestimate MTT-formazan production and, hence, cell number at high cell densities. This error can result in a 10-fold underestimation of chemosensitivity. Addition of a buffer at pH 10.5 to the solubilized MTT-formazan product can overcome the effects of both cell density and culture medium on the absorption spectrum. Provided that sufficient MTT is used and the pH of the MTT-formazan product is controlled, dye reduction can be used to estimate cell numbers in a simple chemosensitivity assay the results of which agree well with a commonly used clonogenic assay.
The novel estrogen receptor‐<i>β</i> subtype: potential role in the cell‐ and promoter‐specific actions of estrogens and anti‐estrogens (1997)

The recent discovery that an additional estrogen receptor (ER) subtype is present in various rat, mouse and human tissues has advanced our understanding of the mechanisms underlying estrogen signalling. The discovery of a second ER subtype (ERbeta) suggests the existence of two previously unrecognised pathways of estrogen signalling: via the ERbeta subtype in tissues exclusively expressing this subtype and via the formation of heterodimers in tissues expressing both ER subtypes. Various models have been suggested as explanations for the striking cell- and promoter-specific effects of estrogens and anti-estrogens, all on the basis of the assumption that only a single ER gene exists. This minireview describes several of these models and focuses on the potential role which the novel ERbeta subtype might have in this regard.