gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Determination of the Prototropic Exchange Rate at the Water Molecule Coordinated to an Anionic Paramagnetic GdIII Chelate (1998)

A thorough investigation of the proton and oxygen-17 relaxation rates of water nuclei has been carried out for a solution containing an amphiphilic, paramagnetic GdIII chelate of potential interest as a contrast agent for MRI. It has been found that at pH = 7, 298 K and 20 MHz (proton observation frequency), the contribution to the overall relaxation enhancement from the water molecule in the inner coordination sphere is dominated by the relaxation time (T1MH) of its protons. However, upon formation of a slowly tumbling adduct with β-cyclodextrin, the observed relaxation enhancement is also affected by the exchange lifetime (T1MH) of the coordinated water and by the transfer rate of its protons. This situation has been exploited to assess the prototropic exchange rate from the coordinated water to the bulk, which is base-catalyzed. In fact, under these experimental conditions, at basic pH, the proton transfer is faster than the exchange of the whole water molecule, and it becomes the factor determining the observed relaxation enhancement. The effect is further enhanced at low temperature as a consequence of the concomitant lengthening of either τR (which causes a reduction of T1MH) and/or the exchange lifetime of the coordinated water molecule.
A 97.99 dB SNDR, 2 kHz BW, 37.1 µW noise-shaping SAR ADC with dynamic element matching and modulation dither effect (2016)

A 97.99 dB SNDR, 2 kHz bandwidth noise-shaping SAR ADC was fabricated in 28 nm CMOS process. By integrating residue of 12 bit SAR AD conversion with 3 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rd</sup> order integrator, Σ modulation is achieved and noise floor of AD conversion is shaped. Distortion due to mismatch of capacitive DAC is eliminated by introducing dynamic element matching (DEM) technique and by utilizing modulation dither effect. The ADC consumes 37.1 μW with 100 kHz sampling speed and achieves Schreier's figure of merit (FoMs) of 175.3 dB.
Multi-way number partitioning (2009)

The number partitioning problem is to divide a given set of integers into a collection of subsets, so that the sum of the numbers in each subset are as nearly equal as possible. While a very efficient algorithm exists for optimal two-way partitioning, it is not nearly as effective for multi-way partitioning. We develop two new linear-space algorithms for multi-way partitioning, and demonstrate their performance on three, four, and five-way partitioning. In each case, our algorithms outperform the previous state of the art by orders of magnitude, in one case by over six orders of magnitude. Empirical analysis of the running times of our algorithms strongly suggest that their asymptotic growth is less than that of previous algorithms. The key insight behind both our new algorithms is that if an optimal k-way partition includes a particular subset, then optimally partitioning the numbers not in that set k−1 ways results in an optimal k-way partition. 1
Positive Halogens from Halides and Hydrogen Peroxide with Organotellurium Catalysts (1996)

The oxidations of sodium bromide, sodium chloride, and sodium iodide to positive halogen with hydrogen peroxide in two-phase systems of dichloromethane and pH 6 phosphate buffer were catalyzed by organotellurium catalysts 1−3. The positive halogens were trapped by cyclohexene for bromine and chlorine to give mixtures of the 1,2-dihalocyclohexane (4) and 2-halocyclohexanol (5). For the bromination (4a)/hydrobromination (5a) of cyclohexene, unoptimized turnover numbers of 1010 mol of product per mole of catalyst for 1, 960 for 2, and 820 for 3 were measured with 4a/5a ratios of 55:45, 53:47, and 52:48, respectively. In cyclohexane, the turnover number for 1 was 150 and the 4a/5a ratio was 68:32. In the uncatalyzed process and in the reaction of aqueous bromine with cyclohexene, the 4a/5a ratio is 55:45 in dichloromethane and 67:33 in cyclohexane. The relative rates of catalysis for equimolar amounts of 1−3 were nearly identical to the relative second-order rate constants for oxidation of the organotellurium compounds with hydrogen peroxide, which suggests that oxidation of the catalyst is the rate-determining step of the process. Stopped-flow studies indicated a rapid reaction (k = 22.5 ± 0.3 M-1 s-1 for iodide and 13.9 ± 0.5 M-1 s-1 for bromide) between halide and oxidized 3 to regenerate catalyst 3. Relative rates of catalysis with 0.1 mol % of 1−3 (relative to cyclohexene) were 4.6 for 1, 2.0 for 2, 1.0 for 3, and 0.11 for the control reaction with no catalyst at 296.1 ± 0.1 K. Oxidation of chloride with hydrogen peroxide with 1 as a catalyst was much slower but the unoptimized turnover number was 100 with a 4b/5b ratio of 7:93 (10:90 in the uncatalyzed process) in a two-phase cylohexane/aqueous system. Oxidized 3 reacts rapidly with both sodium chloride and sodium bromide to give products from oxidative addition of halogen to the catalyst. Stronger Te−Cl bonds relative to Te-Br bonds slow down the release of the Te(II) state of the catalyst. Positive iodine from catalysis with 1 was trapped by 4-pentenoic acid to give iodomethyl lactone 6.
Real-time calculus for scheduling hard real-time systems (2002)

This paper establishes a link between three areas, namely Max-Plus Linear System Theory as used for dealing with certain classes of discrete event systems, Network Calculus for establishing time bounds in communication networks, and real-time scheduling. In particular, it is shown that important results from scheduling theory can be easily derived and unified using Max-Plus Algebra. Based on the proposed network theory for real-time systems, the first polynomial algorithm for the feasibility analysis and optimal priority assignment for a general task model is derived.
Financing health services for children in Texas. (1994)

In Texas, children's health services are financed by a bewildering combination of private and public sources, each of which employs different eligibility rules, benefit packages, and reimbursement methods. This article describes these financing mechanisms, underscoring their complexity and the need for consolidation and reform. As private coverage for children has declined, it has become less comprehensive with increased coinsurance and deductibles. Concurrently, due to a number of federal initiatives, Medicaid coverage has increased rapidly with new benefits, also now mandated. Levels and structure of payment have influenced variable participation in the program by physicians, rural health clinics, federally qualified health centers, and children's hospitals. The Texas Department of Health and the Texas Department of Mental Health and Mental Retardation have undertaken a number of initiatives to fill in the gaps and to serve mandated categorically eligible populations. Continuity of care is difficult to achieve. Comprehensive community-based care should be promoted with the goal of expanding the role of all types of providers.
Two different genes coding for fibronectin‐binding proteins from <i>Streptococcus dysgalactiae</i> (1993)

The binding of Streptococcus dysgalactiae to fibronectin involves fibronectin-binding protein(s) present on the bacterial surface. Previously, we reported the cloning of two different genes coding for cell-wall-associated fibronectin-binding proteins from S. dysgalactiae strain S2 [Lindgren, P.-E., Speziale, P., McGavin, M. J., Monstein, H.-J., Höök, M., Visai, L., Kostiainen, T., Bozzini, S. & Lindberg, M. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 1924-1931]. The two genes, fnbA and fnbB, have now been sequenced and the primary amino acid sequences of the two fibronectin-binding proteins, FnBA and FnBB, have been deduced. The two proteins have predicted molecular masses of 117 kDa and 122 kDa, respectively, and are organized in a similar way. The fibronectin-binding activities are localized in repeated motifs, 32-37 amino acids long, in the COOH-terminal regions of the proteins. The two fibronectin-binding proteins have heterologous amino acid sequences, except for the COOH-terminal ends which include the fibronectin-binding repeats. The fibronectin-binding regions of the genes have been fused to IgG-binding domains of protein A, utilizing the IgG-binding capacity of the resulting fusion proteins, to facilitate isolation of the fibronectin-binding domains.
Oil Uptake Properties of Fried Batters from Rice Flour (1999)

Batters were prepared, using rice flour as the main component, and analyzed for their oil uptake properties during frying. Rice flour resisted oil absorption better but was less effective as a thickening agent than wheat flour. Of the rice components, increased amylose in the amylopectin/amylose ratio of the starch decreased the batter oil uptake, whereas increased protein content had the opposite effect. Various additives were introduced and investigated for their ability to develop viscosity and other desirable characteristics for the batter. As additives to the rice flour batters, phosphorylated starch and gelatinized rice flour enhanced both the thickening and oil-reducing capacities of the batter. Compared with values for batters from wheat flour, the percent batter oil uptake in the fried crust for the modified rice flour batters was decreased by up to 62%, and the percent total oil uptake for the whole coated drumstick was reduced by up to 59%.
Measurement and adaptive suppression of acoustic feedback in hearing aids (2003)

The authors describe a technique for making in situ measurements of the acoustic feedback path transfer function and present results demonstrating the effect of changes in the acoustic environment on this transfer function. Three methods of feedback suppression are explored: time-varying delay, adaptive inverse filtering, and adaptive feedback cancellation. It is concluded that the latter approach is the most successful, increasing the maximum gain the hearing aid can deliver without acoustic feedback by 6-10 dB. This increased gain can provide a benefit for moderately-impaired listeners.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Indexing and abstracting by association (1962)

Abstract This article discusses the possibility of exploiting the statistics of word co‐occurrence in text for purposes of document retrieval. Co‐occurrence is defined and related to the mental processes of authors and readers; several means of quantitative measurement of word co‐occurrence are then scrutinized. It is shown that the most strongly co‐occurring word pairs, which are therefore “associated” in a statistical sense, can be represented in the form of an “association map.” The last half of the article presents two modes of use of association maps in literature searching.
Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty: general principles (1980)

The introduction and availability of balloon catheters has been responsible for the recent popularity of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) in the United States. Available balloon catheters are either double-lumen or coaxial systems. Most balloons are made of polyvinyl but one manufacturer has produced an angioplasty catheter made of specially treated polyethylene, which exhibits higher tensile and yield strength in comparison to polyvinyl. Automatic pressure injectors are necessary for the coaxial balloon system. They are not used with single catheters and larger balloons. Devices monitoring balloon inflation pressures are now available and they should be used. There is no consensus on the use of anticoagulant therapy in conjunction with PTA. Complications of PTA are few and easy to manage. Noninvasive hemodynamic studies (Doppler and pulse volume recordings) are necessary during PTA and for evaluation of long-term patency. PTA should be performed by experienced angiographers in hospitals with adequate angiographic and vascular surgical facilities. Decisions about PTA and subsequent patient management are best made in consultation with the patient's primary physician, a vascular radiologist, and a vascular surgeon.
Efficient Killing of Human Colon Cancer Stem Cells by γδ T Lymphocytes (2009)

Colon cancer comprises a small population of cancer stem cells (CSC) that is responsible for tumor maintenance and resistant to cancer therapies, possibly allowing for tumor recapitulation once treatment stops. We previously demonstrated that such chemoresistance is mediated by autocrine production of IL-4 through the up-regulation of antiapoptotic proteins. Several innate and adaptive immune effector cells allow for the recognition and destruction of cancer precursors before they constitute the tumor mass. However, cellular immune-based therapies have not been experimented yet in the population of CSCs. Here, we show that the bisphosphonate zoledronate sensitizes colon CSCs to Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cell cytotoxicity. Proliferation and production of cytokines (TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma) and cytotoxic and apoptotic molecules (TRAIL and granzymes) were also induced after exposure of Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells to sensitized targets. Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cell cytotoxicity was mediated by the granule exocytosis pathway and was highly dependent on isoprenoid production by of tumor cells. Moreover, CSCs recognition and killing was mainly TCR mediated, whereas NKG2D played a role only when tumor targets expressed several NKG2D ligands. We conclude that intentional activation of Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells by zoledronate may substantially increase antitumor activities and represent a novel strategy for colon cancer immunotherapy.
Novel task migration framework on configurable heterogeneous MPSoC platforms (2009)

Heterogeneous MPSoC architectures can provide higher performance and flexibility with less power consumption and lower cost than homogeneous ones. However, as processor instruction sets of general heterogeneous MPSoCs are not identical, tasks migration between two heterogeneous processors is not possible. To enable this function, we propose to build one specific heterogeneous MPSoC platform in which all heterogeneous processors are based on the same core instruction set for the operating system realization. Different extended instructions can be added for different processors to improve the system performance. Tasks can be migrated from one processor to another only if the target processor has all instructions which can meet the execution requirement of this task. This paper concentrates on the infrastructure that is necessary to support the scheduling and migration of tasks between the processors. By using the Motion-JPEG case study, we confirm that our task migration framework can achieve higher processor usage rate and more flexibility.
C1-symmetric metallocenes for olefin polymerisation, 1. Catalytic performance of [Me2C(3-tertBuCp)(Flu)]ZrCl2in ethene/norbornene copolymerisation (1998)

The mechanism of the alternating ethene/norbornene copolymerisation using [Me2C(3-tertBuCp)(Flu)]ZrCl2 with methylaluminoxane as catalyst is investigated. Copolymerisation models to describe the copolymerisation behavior in the presence of metallocenes with heterotopic sites for monomer coordination are given and applied. It is shown that the microstructure of the copolymers produced at 30°C is the result of a chain migratory insertion mechanism (alternating mechanism) and the sterical hindrance for norbornene insertion at one of the two heterotopic sites of the metallocene. Further investigations on the influence of the reaction parameters showed that an increase in temperature (to 60°C) causes deviations from the alternating mechanism.
Modulation of disease activity in murine systemic lupus erythematosus by cytokine gene delivery (1995)

Somatic gene therapy is a novel approach with the potential to achieve prolonged increases in circulating levels of peptide hormones and cytokines. The present study evaluates the effects of monthly, intramuscular injections of cDNA expression vectors encoding for transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta) or interleukin 2 (IL-2) on disease activity in the MRL/lpr/lpr murine model of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Monthly injections of plasmids cDNA between 6 and 26 weeks significantly elevated the serum levels of TGF beta (P < 0.005) and IL-2 (P < 0.05) compared with a control plasmid without insert. TGF beta encoding plasmid had beneficial effects in murine SLE with a prolonged survival of 70% at 26 weeks compared with 40% in the control group, decreased anti-chromatin and rheumatoid factor antibodies and a 50% decrease in total IgG production. Renal function was improved with reduced BUN levels and kidney inflammation as estimated by an histologic score. Those beneficial effects occurred in the apparent absence of local or systemic side-effects. In contrast, IL-2 cDNA injections appeared harmful with a decreased survival to 20% at 26 weeks, enhanced total IgG synthesis and autoantibodies production with a 4.5-fold increase in antichromatin antibodies. These results indicate that somatic gene therapy may provide a simple, inexpensive and effective mechanism for the long-term control of autoimmune diseases.
Selection of Personalized Patient Therapy through the Use of Knowledge-Based Computational Models That Identify Tumor-Driving Signal Transduction Pathways (2014)

Increasing knowledge about signal transduction pathways as drivers of cancer growth has elicited the development of "targeted drugs," which inhibit aberrant signaling pathways. They require a companion diagnostic test that identifies the tumor-driving pathway; however, currently available tests like estrogen receptor (ER) protein expression for hormonal treatment of breast cancer do not reliably predict therapy response, at least in part because they do not adequately assess functional pathway activity. We describe a novel approach to predict signaling pathway activity based on knowledge-based Bayesian computational models, which interpret quantitative transcriptome data as the functional output of an active signaling pathway, by using expression levels of transcriptional target genes. Following calibration on only a small number of cell lines or cohorts of patient data, they provide a reliable assessment of signaling pathway activity in tumors of different tissue origin. As proof of principle, models for the canonical Wnt and ER pathways are presented, including initial clinical validation on independent datasets from various cancer types.
Impact Ionization MOS (I-MOS)—Part I: Device and Circuit Simulations (2004)

One of the fundamental problems in the continued scaling of transistors is the 60 mV/dec room temperature limit in the subthreshold slope. In part I this work, a novel transistor based on the field-effect control of impact-ionization (I-MOS) is explored through detailed device and circuit simulations. The I-MOS uses gated-modulation of the breakdown voltage of a p-i-n diode to switch from the OFF state to the ON state and vice-versa. Device simulations using MEDICI show that the I-MOS has a subthreshold slope of 5 mV/dec or lower and I/sub ON/>1 mA//spl mu/m at 400 K. Simulations were used to further explore the characteristics of the I-MOS including the transients of the turn-on mechanism, the short-channel effect, scalability, and other important device attributes. Circuit mode simulations were also used to explore circuit design using I-MOS devices and the design of an I-MOS inverter. These simulations indicated that the I-MOS has the potential to replace CMOS in high performance and low power digital applications. Part II of this work focuses on I-MOS experimental results with emphasis on hot carrier effects, germanium p-i-n data and breakdown in recessed structure devices.
Effects of pharmacologic increases in brain GABA levels on cocaine-induced changes in extracellular dopamine (1998)

Cocaine-induced increases in extracellular dopamine (DA) concentrations were measured using in vivo microdialysis techniques in the nucleus accumbens (NACC) of freely moving rats. In control animals, cocaine increased extracellular DA concentrations approximately 482% 60 min following administration, returning to baseline values 200 min later. When administered 2 h following an acute dose of gamma-vinyl-GABA (GVG, Vigabatrin), cocaine-induced increases in extracellular DA were reduced to approximately 365% of baseline values. Chronic GVG administration further dose-dependently attenuated the effects of cocaine but did not alter the rate of increase or the rate of return to baseline values. These results indicate that GVG, a drug that increases brain GABA concentrations, is effective in attenuating the effect of cocaine on NACC DA. Taken with our earlier findings, these results support the targeting of brain GABAergic systems as a potentially effective pharmacologic treatment strategy for cocaine addiction.
Micro-Machined Stent-Type Flow Sensor for Evaluation of Nasal Respiration (2009)

We present a thermal flow sensor that is suitable for measuring nasal respiration. To fix the flow sensor inside the nasal passage, we integrated it onto a stent structure, which is normally used as a medical device. The sensor was monolithically integrated on the Ti substrate by applying photolithography and wet etching processes. The developed fabrication has advantage that it is able to fabricate the both of the cavity for the thermal isolation and the stent structure during the same process. We mounted the flow sensor onto the inner surface of the silicone tube by inflating the balloon tube. The mechanical strength of the cylindrical stent under the compression condition was also studied, and it showed an elastic deformation when the force was less than 0.08 N. The developed flow sensor could detect the flow direction at the flow range of 0-2000 ccm. A response time of less than 260 msec was obtained by forming a cavity under the sensor.
ESOLID---A System for Exact Boundary Evaluation (2002)

We present a system, ESOLID, that performs exact boundary evaluation of low degree curved solids in reasonable amounts of time. ESOLID performs accurate Boolean operations using exact representations and exact computations throughout. The demands of exact computation require a different set of algorithms and efficiency improvements than those found in a traditional inexact floating point based modeler. We describe the system architecture, representations, and issues in implementing the algorithms. We also describe a number of techniques that increase the efficiency of the system based on lazy evaluation, use of floating point filters, arbitrary floating point arithmetic with error bounds, and lower dimensional formulation of subproblems. ESOLID has been used for boundary evaluation of many complex solids. These include both synthetic datasets and parts of a Bradley Fighting Vehicle designed using the BRL-CAD solid modeling system. It is shown that ESOLID can correctly evaluate the boundary of solids that are very hard to compute using a fixed-precision floating point modeler. In terms of performance, it is about an order of magnitude slower as compared to a floating point boundary evaluation system on most cases.
MAP Metric for Blind Phase Sequence Detection in Selected Mapping (2005)

Selected mapping (SLM) is a promising technique to reduce the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAR) of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signals. In this paper, we derive the optimal phase sequence detection metric for blind selected mapping (BSLM) and show that the minimum distance metric is suboptimal. We then define a certain selection criterion in the transmitter which assigns different probabilities to different mapping sequences. These probabilities are integrated into the optimal metric to achieve several dBs of SNR improvement in blind phase sequence detection.