gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel Non-isotopic Method for the Localization of Receptors in Tissue Sections (2001)

We describe a novel fluorescent method for the detection of receptors for chimeric proteins in tissue sections. The technique was developed using a recombinant human insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) chimera, bearing six additional histidine residues at the carboxy-terminal end (IGF-1-His). We demonstrated that dehydration of the tissue sections was detrimental for binding and that its prevention dramatically increased sensitivity. The specificity of IGF-1-His interaction was shown by gradual abolition of the fluorescent signal in the presence of increasing concentrations of IGF-1. Combining immunofluorescence with in situ ligand binding, we showed that IGF-1-His binding corresponded to the IGF-1 receptor (IGFR-1) distribution in human fetal kidney. Moreover, incubation of the tissue sections with an anti-IGFR-1 blocking antibody abolished IGF-1-His binding, demonstrating that the interaction was mediated by the IGFR-1. The method was also used to localize the IGFR-1 in E18 rat embryo sagittal sections. The IGF-1-His binding pattern was observed in brain, cartilage, lung, skin, heart, diaphragm, and tongue, and paralleled the previously reported IGFR-1 distribution. We believe that this new non-isotopic in situ ligand binding method will facilitate rapid and accurate localization of receptors in tissue sections.
Effect of Erythrocyte Destruction on Carbon Monoxide Production in Man* (1964)

Recent studies performed in our laboratory (1) have confirmed the finding of Sjdstrand (2, 3) that carbon monoxide is produced in normal man. In 10 normal subjects the average rate of production of carbon monoxide was found to be 0.42 (SE of mean + 0.02) ml per hour. The present study is an attempt to clarify the processes that result in the production of this gas in the body.
Expression of epidermal growth factor receptors on human cervical, ovarian, and vulval carcinomas. (1986)

We describe the properties of two monoclonal antibodies produced to a synthetic peptide consisting of residues 985 to 996 from the cytoplasmic domain of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor. We have examined a group of ten human tumors including cervical, ovarian, and vulval carcinomas for expression of EGF receptors by immunohistological staining using one of these antibodies and another monoclonal antibody to the extracellular domain of the molecule. The tumors were examined using a sensitive amplified enzyme system and a less sensitive indirect staining method. There was generally a good correlation in staining intensity with the two monoclonal antibody reagents. Both antibodies showed strong staining of squamous cell carcinomas and usually weak or heterogeneous patterns with the adenocarcinomas. Samples of each tumor were solubilized in detergent and analyzed for the presence of functional EGF receptors by immunoprecipitation and autophosphorylation. Three of the squamous cell tumors gave labeled bands, Mr 170,000, on sodium dodecyl sulfate:polyacrylamide gels. DNA was extracted from seven of the tumors and digested with two restriction endonucleases, and the fragments were analyzed on Southern blots using probes representing the extracellular and cytoplasmic domains of the molecule. The tumor DNA showed no apparent rearrangements or amplifications when compared to the EGF receptor gene in human placental DNA. These results suggest that there is a high level of EGF receptors on some squamous cell tumors.
Determination of Specific Surface Area of Colloidal Silica by Titration with Sodium Hydroxide (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of Specific Surface Area of Colloidal Silica by Titration with Sodium HydroxideG. W. SearsCite this: Anal. Chem. 1956, 28, 12, 1981–1983Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60120a048https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60120a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3765Altmetric-Citations302LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Time to Hit HIV, Early and Hard (1995)

Early treatment of asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection remains controversial. In the AIDS Clinical Trials Group 019 study, zidovudine was shown in 1990 to slow the clinical progression to AIDS in infected but asymptomatic subjects.1 However, a follow-up of those subjects found no evidence of longer survival with the use of zidovudine.2 Furthermore, the Concorde study found that there was not only no survival benefit from early treatment with zidovudine, but also no effect on the overall progression of disease.3 Now, in this issue of the Journal, Volberding et al. report the further results of the AIDS . . .
Immunization with Bacillus Spores Expressing Toxin A Peptide Repeats Protects against Infection with Clostridium difficile Strains Producing Toxins A and B (2011)

Clostridium difficile is a leading cause of nosocomial infection in the developed world. Two toxins, A and B, produced by most strains of C. difficile are implicated as virulence factors, yet only recently has the requirement of these for infection been investigated by genetic manipulation. Current vaccine strategies are focused mostly on parenteral delivery of toxoids. In this work, we have used bacterial spores (Bacillus subtilis) as a delivery vehicle to evaluate the carboxy-terminal repeat domains of toxins A and B as protective antigens. Our findings are important and show that oral immunization of the repeat domain of toxin A is sufficient to confer protection in a hamster model of infection designed to closely mimic the human course of infection. Importantly, neutralizing antibodies to the toxin A repeat domain were shown to be cross-reactive with the analogous domain of toxin B and, being of high avidity, provided protection against challenge with a C. difficile strain producing toxins A and B (A(+)B(+)). Thus, although many strains produce both toxins, antibodies to only toxin A can mediate protection. Animals vaccinated with recombinant spores were fully able to survive reinfection, a property that is particularly important for a disease with which patients are prone to relapse. We show that mucosal immunization, not parenteral delivery, is required to generate secretory IgA and that production of these neutralizing polymeric antibodies correlates with protection. This work demonstrates that an effective vaccine against C. difficile can be designed around two attributes, mucosal delivery and the repeat domain of toxin A.
Laser Liftoff GaN Thin-Film Photonic Crystal GaN-Based Light-Emitting Diodes (2008)

We fabricated a thin-film vertical-injection light-emitting diode (LED), which uses a highly efficient coherent external scattering of trapped light by photonic crystal (PhC). The PhC patterns (a = 1200 nm) were formed on top of the n-GaN surface after laser liftoff of the sapphire substrate. This light extraction structure just above micron scale was prepared by a conventional photolithography (lambda <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> = 405 nm). The Si-gel-encapsulated thin-film LED with PhC patterns (a = 1 200 nm), which had a depth of 500 nm, demonstrated up to 76% improvement in light output power at a forward current of 60 mA, compared with the nonpatterned thin film LED.
Application of a lambda /4-shifted DFB laser/electroabsorption modulator monolithically integrated light source to single-chip pulse generator with variable repetition rate (1992)

The authors have demonstrated the application of a 1.55- mu m lambda /4-shifted DFB laser/InGaAsP electroabsorption modulator monolithically integrated light source to a single-chip pulse generator with variable repetition rate for soliton transmission for the first time. Quasi-transform-limited pulses with a time-bandwidth product of 0.31 were successfully generated up to 8.6-GHz repetition rates by the sinusoidally driven integrated modulator having high modulation efficiency of 13 dB/V. No change of lasing wavelength was observed in the operation scheme of the integrated device as a pulse generator.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
SUPPRESSOR CELLS INDUCED BY DONOR-SPECIFIC TRANSFUSION AND DEOXYSPERGUALIN IN RAT CARDIAC XENOGRAFTS (1991)

The effect of donor-specific blood transfusion (DST), in combination with pretransplant immunosuppression with deoxyspergualin (DSG), on hamster-to-Wistar rat cardiac xenograft survival was assessed. While DST given on day -6 sensitized the recipients, resulting in hyperacute xenograft rejection, the addition of 5 mg/kg/k/day DSG from the day of transfusion to the day of grafting not only prevented hyperacute rejection but resulted in prolongation of graft survival from 3.4 +/- 0.5 days in untreated controls to 7.0 +/- 0.7 days (P less than 0.01). In contrast, DSG alone as pretransplant immunosuppression had no beneficial effect and rejection occurred in 4.0 +/- 0.7 days. This effect appears to be at least donor species-specific, in the sense that ACI cardiac allograft survival was not prolonged when transplanted into xenotransfused and DSG-treated Wistar recipients. DST alone resulted in marked increase in antibody titers, showing the value of 1:512 or more on transplantation day. On the other hand, combined treatment suppressed the titers to 1:1-1:4 on that day. An adoptive cell transfer system was used to analyze the mechanisms underlying this effect. When sublethally irradiated secondary hosts were transferred with 5 x 10(7) lymph node cells (LNCs) harvested on day 0 from xenotransfused and DSG-treated rats, the test heart xenograft survived longer than the irradiated and nontransferred controls, suggesting the presence of suppressor cells. Further in vitro studies demonstrate that LNCs from DST+DSG-treated rats response less in a mixed lymphocyte reaction to hamster LNCs (41% on day 0 [P less than 0.01]), compared with the controls. In coculture experiments, the LNCs from treated recipients suppressed the response of unmodified Wistar LNCs to hamster LNCs by 76% on day 0 compared with the positive controls (P less than 0.01). On the other hand, the transfer of serum taken from treated rats on day 0 did not lead to prolongation of test heart xenografts in syngeneic naive hosts. These findings suggest that the mechanisms underlying the hyporesponsiveness induced by pretreatment with DST and DSG include the induction of suppressor cells, although a degree of clonal deletion can not be ruled out. The generation of serum suppressor factors seems to have no role in this phenomenon.
Allelopathic Agents from <i>Parthenium hysterophorus</i> and <i>Baccharis megapotamica</i> (1985)

Parthenium hysterophorus is a weed with a history of being an agricultural pest. A water extraction of P. hysterophorous has yielded parthenin, coronopilin, and two new sesquiterpene lactones closely related in structure to the former compounds. These compounds are believed to be responsible, at least in part, for the allelopathic properties of this plant. An alcohol extract of the Brazilian shrub, Baccharis megapotamica has yielded a large number of closely related, highly toxic sesquiterpenes belonging to a class of mycotoxins known as the macrocyclic trichothecenes. Evidence has been gathered to show that these compounds are acquired by B. megapotamica from a fungal source and oxygenated by the plants to yield the baccharinoids which are potent in vivo active antileukemic agents. A large scale extraction (1800 Kg) has yielded over twenty different macrocyclic trichothecenes.
Solar Synthesis: Prospects in Visible Light Photocatalysis (2014)

Chemists have long aspired to synthesize molecules the way that plants do-using sunlight to facilitate the construction of complex molecular architectures. Nevertheless, the use of visible light in photochemical synthesis is fundamentally challenging because organic molecules tend not to interact with the wavelengths of visible light that are most strongly emitted in the solar spectrum. Recent research has begun to leverage the ability of visible light-absorbing transition metal complexes to catalyze a broad range of synthetically valuable reactions. In this review, we highlight how an understanding of the mechanisms of photocatalytic activation available to these transition metal complexes, and of the general reactivity patterns of the intermediates accessible via visible light photocatalysis, has accelerated the development of this diverse suite of reactions.
Sharpening of hollow silicon microneedles to reduce skin penetration force (2010)

In this research, hollow silicon microneedles with sharpened tips have been fabricated without any reduction to the needle shaft diameter. By sharpening the needles only at the tip and not over the entire length of the needle, their mechanical strength is maintained, while reducing the insertion force into skin. The process achieves this geometry by novel use photoresist depletion during DRIE. Microneedles of varying levels of tip sharpness were tested on human cadaver skin to measure their force of penetration. The results show a marked decrease of insertion force with progressive sharpening of microneedle tips, reducing more than 75 times in magnitude for extremely sharp tips. The toughness of human skin was derived to be approximately 24.28 kJ m−2.
Hepatitis B virus infection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells is common in acute and chronic hepatitis (1990)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) has been observed in all stages of liver disease. Thus far all information about the physical state of HBV in mononuclear blood cells comes from Southern blot analysis and in situ hybridization. In this study we focused our attention on the presence of HBV DNA sequences in PBMCs of 30 patients with acute type B hepatitis and 6 patients with chronic active hepatitis by utilizing both Southern blot analysis and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Southern blot analysis showed no HBV DNA sequences in PBMCs of the acute hepatitis patients, although the sensitivity of our method enabled us to detect as little as 1 pg of cloned HBV insert. As far as the chronic hepatitis patients are concerned Southern blot analysis revealed the presence of HBV DNA sequences in 5 out of 6 patients but intermittently at successive follow-up times. On the other hand we were able to demonstrate the presence of HBV related sequences in 14 out of 30 acute hepatitis patients (5 HBeAg positive, 9 antiHBe positive) and in all 6 chronic hepatitis patients by PCR. Our results indicate that the involvement of PBMCs with HBV during acute HBV infection occurs at a very low level, often below the detection limit of the Southern blot technique.
Missense FGFR3 mutations create cysteine residues in thanatophoric dwarfism type I (TD1) (1996)

Thanatophoric dwarfism (TD) is a sporadic lethal skeletal dysplasia with micromelic shortening of the limbs, macrocephaly, platyspondyly and reduced thoracic cavity. In the most common subtype (TD1), femurs are curved, while in TD2, straight femurs are associated with cloverleaf skull. Mutations in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) gene were identified in both subtypes. While TD2 was accounted for by a single recurrent mutation in the tyrosine kinase 2 domain, TD1 resulted from either stop codon mutations or missense mutations in the extracellular domain of the gene. Here, we report the identification of FGFR3 mutations in 25/26 TD cases. Two novel missense mutations (Y373C and G370C) were detected in 8/26 and 1/26 TD1 cases respectively. Both mutations created cysteine residues in the juxta extramembrane domain of the receptor. Sixteen cases carried the previously reported R248C (9/26 cases), S249C (2/26 cases) or stop codon FGFR3 mutations (5/26 cases). Our results suggest that TD1 is a genetically homogeneous condition and give additional support to the view that newly created cysteine residues in the extracellular domain of the protein play a key role in the severity of the disease.
Weak ordering—a new definition (1998)

A memory model for a shared memory, multiprocessor commonly and often implicitly assumed by programmers is that of sequential consistency. This model guarantees that all memory accesses will appear to execute atomically and in program order. An alternative model, weak ordering, offers greater performance potential. Weak ordering was first defined by Dubois, Scheurich and Briggs in terms of a set of rules for hardware that have to be made visible to software.The central hypothesis of this work is that programmers prefer to reason about sequentially consistent memory, rather than having to think about weaker memory, or even write buffers. Following this hypothesis, we re-define weak ordering as a contract between software and hardware. By this contract, software agrees to some formally specified constraints, and hardware agrees to appear sequentially consistent to at least the software that obeys those constraints. We illustrate the power of the new definition with a set of software constraints that forbid data races and an implementation for cache-coherent systems that is not allowed by the old definition.
Injectable hydrogel microbeads for fluorescence-based in vivo continuous glucose monitoring (2010)

Fluorescent microbeads hold great promise for in vivo continuous glucose monitoring with wireless transdermal transmission and long-lasting activity. The full potential of fluorescent microbeads has yet to be realized due to insufficient intensity for transdermal transmission and material toxicity. This paper illustrates the highly-sensitive, biostable, long-lasting, and injectable fluorescent microbeads for in vivo continuous glucose monitoring. We synthesized a fluorescent monomer composed of glucose-recognition sites, a fluorogenic site, spacers, and polymerization sites. The spacers are designed to be long and hydrophilic for increasing opportunities to bind glucose molecules; consequently, the fluorescent monomers enable high-intensive responsiveness to glucose. We then fabricated injectable-sized fluorescent polyacrylamide hydrogel beads with high uniformity and high throughput. We found that our fluorescent beads provide sufficient intensity to transdermally monitor glucose concentrations in vivo. The fluorescence intensity successfully traced the blood glucose concentration fluctuation, indicating our method has potential uses in highly-sensitive and minimally invasive continuous blood glucose monitoring.
A/C magnetic hyperthermia of melanoma mediated by iron(0)/iron oxide core/shell magnetic nanoparticles: a mouse study (2010)

These results indicate that intratumoral administration of surface modified MNPs can attenuate mouse melanoma after AMF exposure. Moreover, we have found that after intravenous administration of micromolar concentrations, these MNPs are capable of causing an anti-tumor effect in a mouse melanoma model after only a short AMF exposure time. This is a clear improvement to state of the art.
A Framework for Constructing Coordinated Multiple 3D Visualizations on Excel (2009)

The aim of our research is to provide an application framework for end-users, who do not have enough programming skills, to dynamically generate applications using interactive, coordinated, multiple 3D visualization techniques. In our framework, each 3D application for visualization is constructed by users themselves or already exists, and consists of sets of interactive 3D components. Users can embed such 3D applications into cells on Excel, and define the coordination between them. To define coordination, we provide interactive 2D/3D components and coordination rules that enable users to use operations for coordination such as brushing and linking, retrieving related or detailed information one after another, synchronizing viewpoints between 3D visualizations, and sharing table values between 3D components for visualizations and cells on Excel.
The Surface Glycoproteins of H5 Influenza Viruses Isolated from Humans, Chickens, and Wild Aquatic Birds Have Distinguishable Properties (1999)

In 1997, 18 confirmed cases of human influenza arising from multiple independent transmissions of H5N1 viruses from infected chickens were reported from Hong Kong. To identify possible phenotypic changes in the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) of the H5 viruses during interspecies transfer, we compared the receptor-binding properties and NA activities of the human and chicken H5N1 isolates from Hong Kong and of H5N3 and H5N1 viruses from wild aquatic birds. All H5N1 viruses, including the human isolate bound to Sia2-3Gal-containing receptors but not to Sia2-6Gal-containing receptors. This finding formally demonstrates for the first time that receptor specificity of avian influenza viruses may not restrict initial avian-to-human transmission. The H5N1 chicken viruses differed from H5 viruses of wild aquatic birds by a 19-amino-acid deletion in the stalk of the NA and the presence of a carbohydrate at the globular head of the HA. We found that a deletion in the NA decreased its ability to release the virus from cells, whereas carbohydrate at the HA head decreased the affinity of the virus for cell receptors. Comparison of amino acid sequences from GenBank of the HAs and NAs from different avian species revealed that additional glycosylation of the HA and a shortened NA stalk are characteristic features of the H5 and H7 chicken viruses. This finding indicates that changes in both HA and NA may be required for the adaptation of influenza viruses from wild aquatic birds to domestic chickens and raises the possibility that chickens may be a possible intermediate host in zoonotic transmission.
Topology control of multihop wireless networks using transmit power adjustment (2002)

We consider the problem of adjusting the transmit powers of nodes in a multihop wireless network (also called an ad hoc network) to create a desired topology. We formulate it as a constrained optimization problem with two constraints-connectivity and biconnectivity, and one optimization objective-maximum power used. We present two centralized algorithms for use in static networks, and prove their optimality. For mobile networks, we present two distributed heuristics that adaptively adjust node transmit powers in response to topological changes and attempt to maintain a connected topology using minimum power. We analyze the throughput, delay, and power consumption of our algorithms using a prototype software implementation, an emulation of a power-controllable radio, and a detailed channel model. Our results show that the performance of multihop wireless networks in practice can be substantially increased with topology control.