gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human papillomaviruses associated with epidermodysplasia verruciformis. II. Molecular cloning and biochemical characterization of human papillomavirus 3a, 8, 10, and 12 genomes (1983)

The DNAs of four human papillomaviruses (HPVs) that were found in the benign lesions of three patients suffering from epidermodysplasia verruciformis have been characterized. The flat wart-like lesions and the macular lesions of patient 1 contained two viruses, HPV-3a and HPV-8, respectively, whose genomes had previously been only partially characterized. The flat wart-like lesions of patient 2 and the macular lesions of patient 3 each contained a virus previously considered as belonging to types 3 and 5, respectively. These viruses are shown in the present study to be different from all of the HPV types so far characterized; they have tentatively been named HPV-10 and HPV-12. The HPV-3a, HPV-8, and HPV-12 DNAs and the two SalI fragments of HPV-10 DNA (94.1 and 5.9% of the genome length) were cloned in Escherichia coli after having been inserted in plasmid pBR322. The cloned HPV genomes have similar sizes (about 7,700 base pairs), but their guanine-plus-cytosine contents differ from 41.8% for HPV-12 DNA to 45.5% for HPV-3a DNA. The study of the sensitivity of the four HPV DNAs to 14 restriction endonucleases permitted the construction of cleavage maps. Evidence for conserved restriction sites was found only for the HPV-3a and HPV-10 genomes since 5 of the 21 restriction sites localized in the HPV-3a DNA seem to be present also in the HPV-10 DNA. Hybridization experiments, performed in liquid phase at saturation, showed a 35% sequence homology between HPV-3a and HPV-10 DNAs, 17 to 29% sequence homology among HPV-5, HPV-8, and HPV-12 DNAs, almost no sequence homology between the HPV-3a or HPV-10 DNA and the other HPV DNAs, and a weak homology between HPV-9 DNA and HPV-8 or HPV-12 DNA. Blot hybridization experiments showed no sequence homology between the HPV-3a, HPV-8, and HPV-12 DNAs and the DNAs of the HPVs associated with skin warts (HPV-1a, HPV-2, HPV-4, and HPV-7) or with mucocutaneous and mucous membrane lesions (HPV-6b and HPV-11a, respectively). One exception was a weak sequence homology between the HPV-2 prototype and HPV-3a or HPV-10 DNA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
27.8 A static contention-free single-phase-clocked 24T flip-flop in 45nm for low-power applications (2014)

Near-threshold computing (NTC) is an attractive solution to stagnating energy efficiencies in digital integrated circuits, arising from slowed voltage scaling in nanometer CMOS [1-2]. The design of sequential elements for NTC, as well as in voltage-scaled systems operating at both near-threshold and super-threshold, has not been extensively studied. However, it is well known that sequential elements have a strong sensitivity to process variations in NTC [2], which can have a significant impact on system yield and power consumption. In order to achieve reliable energy-efficient operation across a wide operating voltage range, a flip-flop should have the following attributes: 1) static operation, since dynamic nodes are highly susceptible to PVT variations at low voltage; 2) contention-free transitions, since ratioed logic has poor robustness across the wide range of device I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</sub> /I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OFF</sub> ratios incurred with voltage scaling; 3) single-phase clocking, which avoids toggling of internal clock inverters and the corresponding power penalty; 4) minimum or no area penalty compared to conventional flip-flops.
Central and systemic IL-1 exacerbates neurodegeneration and motor symptoms in a model of Parkinson's disease (2008)

Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder with uncertain aetiology and ill-defined pathophysiology. Activated microglial cells in the substantia nigra (SN) are found in all animal models of Parkinson's disease and patients with the illness. Microglia may, however, have detrimental and protective functions in this disease. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that a sub-toxic dose of an inflammogen (lipopolysaccharide) can shift microglia to a pro-inflammatory state and exacerbate disease progression in an animal model of Parkinson's disease. Central lipopolysaccharide injection in a degenerating SN exacerbated neurodegeneration, accelerated and increased motor signs and shifted microglial activation towards a pro-inflammatory phenotype with increased interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) secretion. Glucocorticoid treatment and specific IL-1 inhibition reversed these effects. Importantly, chronic systemic expression of IL-1 also exacerbated neurodegeneration and microglial activation in the SN. In vitro, IL-1 directly exacerbated 6-OHDA-triggered dopaminergic toxicity. In vivo, we found that nitric oxide was a downstream molecule of IL-1 action and partially responsible for the exacerbation of neurodegeneration observed. Thus, IL-1 exerts its exacerbating effect on degenerating dopaminergic neurons by direct and indirect mechanisms. This work demonstrates an unequivocal association between IL-1 overproduction and increased disease progression, pointing to inflammation as a risk factor for Parkinson's disease and suggesting that inflammation should be efficiently handled in patients to slow disease progression.
Navigator echo-based respiratory gating for three-dimensional MR coronary angiography: results from healthy volunteers and patients with proximal coronary artery stenoses. (1999)

With the navigator echo MR imaging technique, a complete 3D visualization of the main coronary arteries was possible in cases with high image quality. However, further experience with and improvement of the navigator echo technique we used is necessary for reliable assessment of coronary artery stenosis.
Surface‐wave method for near‐surface characterization: a tutorial (2004)

ABSTRACT Surface‐wave methods (SWMs) are very powerful tools for the near‐surface characterization of sites. They can be used to determine the shear‐wave velocity and the damping ratio overcoming, in some cases, the limitations of other shallow seismic techniques. The different steps of SWM have to be optimized, taking into consideration the conditions imposed by the small scale of engineering problems. This only allows the acquisition of apparent dispersion characteristics: i.e. the high frequencies and short distances involved make robust modelling algorithms necessary in order to take modal superposition into account. The acquisition has to be properly planned to obtain quality data over an adequate frequency range. Processing and inversion should enable the interpretation of the apparent dispersion characteristics, i.e. evaluating the local quality of the data, filtering coherent noise due to other seismic events and determining energy distribution, higher modes and attenuation. The different approaches that are used to estimate and interpret the dispersion characteristics are considered. Their potential and limits with regard to sensitivity to noise, reliability and capability of extracting significant information present in surface waves are discussed. The theory and modelling algorithms, and the acquisition, processing and inversion procedures suitable for providing stiffness and damping ratio profiles are illustrated, with particular attention to reliability and resolution.
Inhibition of growth, invasion, and metastasis of human pancreatic carcinoma cells by NK4 in an orthotopic mouse model. (2001)

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is involved in malignant behavior of cancers as a mediator in tumor-stromal interactions through enhancing tumor invasion and metastasis. We found recently that NK4, a four-kringle fragment of HGF, functions as both an HGF-antagonist and an angiogenesis inhibitor. We have now determined whether blockade of the HGF-c-Met/HGF receptor pathway and tumor angiogenesis by administration of recombinant NK4 would inhibit growth, invasion, and metastasis of human pancreatic carcinoma implanted into the pancreas of nude mice. When treatment with NK4 or anti-HGF neutralizing antibody was initiated from the third day after orthotopic injection of SUIT-2 human pancreatic cancer cells, both NK4 and anti-HGF antibody suppressed the conversion of orthotopic pancreatic tumors from carcinoma in situ to aberrantly invading cancers during days 3-14. On the other hand, when the treatment was begun on day 10, a time when cancer cells were already invading surrounding tissues, NK4 but not anti-HGF antibody inhibited tumor growth, peritoneal dissemination, and ascites accumulation at 4 weeks after the inoculation. Antitumor effects of NK4 correlated with decreased microvessel density in pancreatic tumors thereby indicating that the antiangiogenic activity of NK4 may have mainly contributed to its antitumor effects. Moreover, although NK4-treatment was initiated from the end stage (day 24 after tumor inoculation), NK4 prolonged survival time of mice, and the suppression of peritoneal dissemination, ascites accumulation, and invasion of metastasized cancer cells into the peritoneal wall were remarkable. We propose that simultaneous targeting of both tumor angiogenesis and the HGF-mediated invasion-metastasis may prove to be a new approach to treating patients with pancreatic cancer.
Effect of timolol with and without preservative on the basal tear turnover in glaucoma. (1995)

Preservative-free timolol solution has a favourable effect on the tear turnover of patients with glaucoma and ocular hypertension in comparison with timolol containing BAC. The integrity of the precorneal tear film persisted to be affected when using timolol without BAC. Timolol without preservative can be recommended in those patients who have keratoconjunctivitis sicca or a borderline tear production since BAC may exacerbate a dry eye state.
Fluorescence optical sensor for low concentrations of dissolved carbon dioxide (1996)

The performance of an optode in measurements of low concentrations of dissolved CO2 was characterized. The method of lipophilic extraction of ion pairs into the membrane phase according to Weigl and Wolfbeis was applied to the fluorescent pH indicator hydroxypyrenetrisulfonic acid together with the quaternary ammonium base tetraoctylammonium hydroxide. The membrane solution was applied directly to an acrylic optical fibre of 1 mm diameter. Solutions of NaHCO3 were used as standards and H2CO*3 concentrations calculated. The dynamic range for the detection of H2CO*3 was 4 × 10–6–1 × 10–2 mol l–1. Response times depended on the concentration range and whether the concentration was increased or decreased: τ90% was <1 min for increasing H2CO*3 concentrations in the range 10–4–10–2 mol l–1. Recovery times for low concentrations, however, were τ90% >6 min. The sensor was found to show an increasing susceptibility to temperature at the low end of the calibration graph for H2CO*3. The use of a low concentration of base in the membrane resulted in the desired detection limit, but also in a lifetime limited to 1 d.
Nanoparticle-loaded perfluorocarbon droplets for imaging and therapy (2009)

Nanoscale perfluorocarbon droplets that are in the liquid phase at physiological temperatures, but which can be converted to gas using ultrasound, offer potential as a contrast agent for the detection and therapy of solid tumours. Nanoparticles such as quantum dots can also be encapsulated within PFC droplets, enabling multi-modal imaging and controlled nanoparticle release. In this work, experiments were conducted to investigate the impact of nanoparticle incorporation on droplet conversion at low and high ultrasound frequencies. It was found that incorporation of quantum dots lowered the inertial cavitation threshold at 1 MHz by 20%. In contrast, quantum dot nanoparticles did not significantly alter the conversion threshold of perfluorohexane or perfluoropentane droplets at 18 MHz. It was also shown that perfluoropentane droplets could be converted to gas and imaged at high frequency in hepatomas in mice, using brief high pressure bursts to achieve the phase conversion. Finally, optically fluorescent quantum dots incorporated within droplets were used to demonstate the feasibility of assessing biodistribution in rabbits using fluorescence histology.
Orally Active Aminopeptidase A Inhibitors Reduce Blood Pressure (2008)

Overactivity of the brain renin-angiotensin system has been implicated in the development and maintenance of hypertension. We reported previously that angiotensin II is converted to angiotensin III by aminopeptidase A in the mouse brain. We then used specific and selective aminopeptidase A inhibitors to show that angiotensin III is one of the main effector peptides of the brain renin-angiotensin system, exerting tonic stimulatory control over blood pressure in hypertensive rats. Aminopeptidase A, the enzyme generating brain angiotensin III, thus represents a potential candidate central nervous system target for the treatment of hypertension. Given this possible clinical use of aminopeptidase A inhibitors, it was, therefore, important to investigate their pharmacological activity after oral administration. We investigated RB150, a dimer of the selective aminopeptidase A inhibitor, EC33, generated by creating a disulfide bond. This chemical modification allows prodrug to cross the blood-brain barrier when administered by systemic route. Oral administration of RB150 in conscious DOCA-salt rats inhibited brain aminopeptidase A activity, resulting in values similar to those obtained with the brains of normotensive rats, demonstrating the central bioavailability of RB150. Oral RB150 treatment resulted in a marked dose-dependent reduction in blood pressure in DOCA-salt but not in normotensive rats, with an ED(50) in the 1-mg/kg range, achieved in <2 hours and lasting for several hours. This treatment also significantly decreased plasma arginine-vasopressin levels and increased diuresis, which may participate to the blood pressure decrease by reducing the size of fluid compartment. Thus, RB150 may be the prototype of a new class of centrally active antihypertensive agents.
Structural Insight into the Mechanisms of Transport across the Salmonella enterica Pdu Microcompartment Shell (2010)

Bacterial microcompartments are a functionally diverse group of proteinaceous organelles that confine specific reaction pathways in the cell within a thin protein-based shell. The propanediol utilizing (Pdu) microcompartment contains the reactions for metabolizing 1,2-propanediol in certain enteric bacteria, including Salmonella. The Pdu shell is assembled from a few thousand protein subunits of several different types. Here we report the crystal structures of two key shell proteins, PduA and PduT. The crystal structures offer insights into the mechanisms of Pdu microcompartment assembly and molecular transport across the shell. PduA forms a symmetric homohexamer whose central pore appears tailored for facilitating transport of the 1,2-propanediol substrate. PduT is a novel, tandem domain shell protein that assembles as a pseudohexameric homotrimer. Its structure reveals an unexpected site for binding an [Fe-S] cluster at the center of the PduT pore. The location of a metal redox cofactor in the pore of a shell protein suggests a novel mechanism for either transferring redox equivalents across the shell or for regenerating luminal [Fe-S] clusters.
L'industrie du multimédia (1997)

Depuis moins de dix ans, de petites entreprises foisonnent dans l'édition électronique, sur les brisées des majors. La forte croissance et la rentabilité attractive de certaines d'entre elles sont là pour témoigner de potentialités du marché. Une récente étude d'Aprédia sur les acteurs français du multimédia constitue la première analyse systématique de ces PME, de plus en plus convoitées par les grands industriels du secteur et les financiers internationaux. Nous reproduisons un des éléments du dossier établi par l'équipe d'analystes financiers et de conjoncturistes d'Aprédia.
Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance Study of the Electrodeposition Mechanisms of CuInSe[sub 2] Thin Films (2001)

Electrodeposition mechanisms of thin films from baths were studied by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM). The formation of was confirmed to proceed via the induced codeposition mechanism at more positive potentials than where or alone are reduced. The reaction probably proceeds via formation because no compounds could be deposited at the potential range where formation was observed. The slope of the vs. plot corresponding to the formation decreased during the cyclic voltammogram until it settled to a constant value which suggests that the compound formation begins on the previously formed Se film and that the deposition mechanism changes during the cyclic voltammogram when the Se film becomes covered with the compound. A wide potential range was observed where the slope of the vs. plot was constant. Film deposition at constant potentials also yielded essentially equal slopes. © 2001 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
A highly linear cascode-driver CMOS source-follower buffer (2002)

Traditionally CMOS technology lacks a simple open-loop buffer like emitter-follower of bipolar technology. The simple source-follower buffer suffers from channel-length modulation of the driver device as the main source of harmonic distortion. In this article we present a novel source-follower buffer that its driver device is cascoded. Thus, the circuit can improve harmonic distortion up to 20 dB relative to conventional one.
Power‐aware provisioning of virtual machines for real‐time Cloud services (2011)

Abstract Reducing power consumption has been an essential requirement for Cloud resource providers not only to decrease operating costs, but also to improve the system reliability. As Cloud computing becomes emergent for the Anything as a Service ( XaaS ) paradigm, modern real‐time services also become available through Cloud computing. In this work, we investigate power‐aware provisioning of virtual machines for real‐time services. Our approach is (i) to model a real‐time service as a real‐time virtual machine request; and (ii) to provision virtual machines in Cloud data centers using dynamic voltage frequency scaling schemes. We propose several schemes to reduce power consumption by hard real‐time services and power‐aware profitable provisioning of soft real‐time services. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Packet communication of online speech (1981)

The rapid progress of both communication and processing technologies in recent years constitutes a challenging technological revolution, epitomized by the photographs sent by Voyager from Saturn.
Electrochemical Na Insertion and Solid Electrolyte Interphase for Hard‐Carbon Electrodes and Application to Na‐Ion Batteries (2011)

Abstract Recently, lithium‐ion batteries have been attracting more interest for use in automotive applications. Lithium resources are confirmed to be unevenly distributed in South America, and the cost of the lithium raw materials has roughly doubled from the first practical application in 1991 to the present and is increasing due to global demand for lithium‐ion accumulators. Since the electrochemical equivalent and standard potential of sodium are the most advantageous after lithium, sodium based energy storage is of great interest to realize lithium‐free high energy and high voltage batteries. However, to the best of our knowledge, there have been no successful reports on electrochemical sodium insertion materials for battery applications; the major challenge is the negative electrode and its passivation. In this study, we achieve high capacity and excellent reversibility sodium‐insertion performance of hard‐carbon and layered NaNi 0.5 Mn 0.5 O 2 electrodes in propylene carbonate electrolyte solutions. The structural change and passivation for hard‐carbon are investigated to study the reversible sodium insertion. The 3‐volt secondary Na‐ion battery possessing environmental and cost friendliness, Na + ‐shuttlecock hard‐carbon/NaNi 0.5 Mn 0.5 O 2 cell, demonstrates steady cycling performance as next generation secondary batteries and an alternative to Li‐ion batteries.
Humoral immune response of tuberculous patients against the three components of the Mycobacterium bovis BCG 85 complex separated by isoelectric focusing (1991)

An isoelectric-focusing technique followed by Western blot (immunoblot) analysis was used to investigate the immunoglobulin G response of tuberculous patients against each of the three components of the Mycobacterium bovis BCG antigen 85 complex. The 85A component was stained by the tuberculous as well as the non-tuberculous sera. In contrast, the 85B and the 85C proteins of the complex were not stained by the control sera but were stained by 20 of 28 tuberculous serum samples.
Biology of Ageing and Role of Dietary Antioxidants (2014)

Interest in relationship between diet and ageing is growing. Research has shown that dietary calorie restriction and some antioxidants extend lifespan in various ageing models. On the one hand, oxygen is essential to aerobic organisms because it is a final electron acceptor in mitochondria. On the other hand, oxygen is harmful because it can continuously generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are believed to be the factors causing ageing of an organism. To remove these ROS in cells, aerobic organisms possess an antioxidant defense system which consists of a series of enzymes, namely, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR). In addition, dietary antioxidants including ascorbic acid, vitamin A, vitamin C, α-tocopherol, and plant flavonoids are also able to scavenge ROS in cells and therefore theoretically can extend the lifespan of organisms. In this connection, various antioxidants including tea catechins, theaflavins, apple polyphenols, black rice anthocyanins, and blueberry polyphenols have been shown to be capable of extending the lifespan of fruit flies. The purpose of this review is to brief the literature on modern biological theories of ageing and role of dietary antioxidants in ageing as well as underlying mechanisms by which antioxidants can prolong the lifespan with focus on fruit flies as an model.