gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Scaled DCT's on input sizes that are composite (1995)

Given efficient scaled discrete cosine transforms (DCT's) of size p and q, where p and q are relatively prime, we present methods for constructing fast algorithms to compute scaled DCT's and scaled inverse DCT's of size pq. Extensions to multidimensional transforms are also given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
In situ 24 kHz coherent imaging of morphology change in laser percussion drilling (2010)

We observe sample morphology changes in real time (24 kHz) during and between percussion drilling pulses by integrating a low-coherence microscope into a laser micromachining platform. Nonuniform cut speed and sidewall evolution in stainless steel are observed to strongly depend on assist gas. Interpulse morphology relaxation such as hole refill is directly imaged, showing dramatic differences in the material removal process dependent on pulse duration/peak power (micros/0.1 kW, ps/20 MW) and material (steel, lead zirconate titanate PZT). Blind hole depth precision is improved by over 1 order of magnitude using in situ feedback from the imaging system.
The Sources of Randomness in Mobile Devices (2007)

The goal of this paper is to examine randomness sources available in current mobile phones or other mobile devices. We identify potential sources of randomness and perform an analysis focused on the camera and the microphone input noise as promising sources of randomness. We also perform statistical tests and analyse quality of these sources of randomness including estimation of entropy in the generated data.
Scenario Based Optimization: A Framework for Statically Enabling Online Optimizations (2009)

Online optimization allows the continuous restructuring and adaptation of an executing application using live information about its execution environment. The further advancement of performance monitoring hardware presents new opportunities for online optimization techniques. While managed runtime environments lend themselves nicely to online and dynamic optimizations, such techniques remain difficult to successfully achieve at the binary level. Binary level dynamic optimizers introduce virtual layers which at the binary level produces overhead that is often prohibitive. Another challenge comes from the lack of source level information that can significantly aid optimization.In this paper we present a new static/dynamic collaborative approach to online optimization that takes advantage of the strength of static optimization and the adaptive nature of dynamic optimization techniques. We call this hybrid optimization framework Scenario Based Optimization (SBO). Statically we multiversion and specialize functions for different dynamic scenarios that can be identified by monitoring micro-architectural events. Using these events to infer the current scenario, we dynamically reroute execution to the relevant code tuned to that scenario. We have implemented our static SBO infrastructure in GCC 4.3.1 and designed our dynamic introspection engine using the Perfmon2 infrastructure. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our scenario based optimization framework we have designed an SBO optimization we call the Online Aiding and Abetting of Aggressive Optimizations (OAAAO). Using SPEC2006 this optimization shows a speedup of 7% to 10% for a number of benchmarks and in our best case (h264ref) a 17% speedup over native execution compiled at the -O2 optimization level.
Nanostructured Conducting Polymer Coatings for Biomedical Devices (2006)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
CMOS unclonable system for secure authentication based on device variability (2008)

An unclonable system for product authentication in anti-counterfeiting has been implemented in standard 90 nm CMOS technology. The circuit exploits the intrinsic variability of the electrical characteristics of minimum size MOSFETs, in order to generate a physical one-way function that univocally identifies each particular IC. Effects of temperature, voltage supply and process variations have been internally compensated to obtain a robust and reliable behavior. Experimental measurements show that the circuit exhibits 30 muW power consumption, a bit error rate in response to a challenge smaller than 0.4% at 125degC or with a 10% voltage supply variation. Accelerated aging tests provide an estimate of a lifetime much in excess of the ten-year requirement. The very low power consumption makes the circuit also feasible for integration in RFID transponders.
Absorbing filter to flatten Gaussian beams (1992)

An absorbing filter that flattens the Gaussian intensity profile of a laser beam has been developed. The filter was fabricated by dc magnetron sputtering a thin tantalum film, by using a combination of substrate masking and motion. A model of the filter production has been developed that successfully predicts the film profile and performance. A typical filter produced by using these techniques results in a flat output to within +/-3% over a 2.2 mm with a transmission of 60% of the peak intensity of the Gaussian beam.
The Digital Twin Paradigm for Future NASA and U.S. Air Force Vehicles (2012)

Future generations of NASA and U.S. Air Force vehicles will require lighter mass while being subjected to higher loads and more extreme service conditions over longer time periods than the present generation.Current approaches for certification, fleet management and sustainment are largely based on statistical distributions of material properties, heuristic design philosophies, physical testing and assumed similitude between testing and operational conditions and will likely be unable to address these extreme requirements.To address the shortcomings of conventional approaches, a fundamental paradigm shift is needed.This paradigm shift, the Digital Twin, integrates ultra-high fidelity simulation with the vehicle's on-board integrated vehicle health management system, maintenance history and all available historical and fleet data to mirror the life of its flying twin and enable unprecedented levels of safety and reliability.
The Properties of Known Drugs. 1. Molecular Frameworks (1996)

In order to better understand the common features present in drug molecules, we use shape description methods to analyze a database of commercially available drugs and prepare a list of common drug shapes. A useful way of organizing this structural data is to group the atoms of each drug molecule into ring, linker, framework, and side chain atoms. On the basis of the two-dimensional molecular structures (without regard to atom type, hybridization, and bond order), there are 1179 different frameworks among the 5120 compounds analyzed. However, the shapes of half of the drugs in the database are described by the 32 most frequently occurring frameworks. This suggests that the diversity of shapes in the set of known drugs is extremely low. In our second method of analysis, in which atom type, hybridization, and bond order are considered, more diversity is seen; there are 2506 different frameworks among the 5120 compounds in the database, and the most frequently occurring 42 frameworks account for only one-fourth of the drugs. We discuss the possible interpretations of these findings and the way they may be used to guide future drug discovery research.
Differential Induction of Apoptosis by Fas–Fas Ligand Interactions in Human Monocytes and Macrophages (1997)

Human monocytes undergo spontaneous apoptosis upon culture in vitro; removal of serum from the media dramatically increases the rate of this process. Monocyte apoptosis can be significantly abrogated by the addition of growth factors or proinflammatory mediators. We have evaluated the role of the endogenous Fas-Fas ligand (FasL) interaction in the induction of this spontaneous apoptosis and found that a Fas-immunoglobulin (Ig) fusion protein, an antagonistic anti-Fas monoclonal antibody and a rabbit anti-FasL antibody all greatly reduced the onset of apoptosis. The results indicate that spontaneous death of monocytes is mediated via an autocrine or paracrine pathway. Treatment of the cells with growth factors or cytokines that prevented spontaneous apoptosis had no major effects on the expression of Fas or FasL. Additionally, monocyte-derived macrophages were found to express both Fas and FasL but did not undergo spontaneous apoptosis and were not sensitive to stimulation by an agonistic anti-Fas IgM. These results indicate that protective mechanisms in these cells exist at a site downstream of the receptor-ligand interaction.
Potentiation, activation and blockade of GABA<sub>A</sub> receptors of clonal murine hypothalamic GT1‐7 neurones by propofol (1995)

1. The actions of GABA and the intravenous general anaesthetic propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol) on GABAA receptors of self-replicating GT1-7 hypothalamic neurones were investigated by the patch clamp technique. 2. GABA (1 microM-1 mM) dose-dependently activated inward currents with an EC50 of 27 microM, recorded from whole cells voltage-clamped at -60 mV. GABA (100 microM)-activated currents reversed at the Cl-equilibrium potential. 3. Propofol (0.1-100 microM) dose-dependently potentiated GABA (100 microM)-evoked currents with an EC50 of 5 microM. 4. In the absence of GABA, propofol (10 microM-1 mM) activated small inward currents with a reversal potential similar to the Cl- equilibrium potential. The peak current amplitudes activated by propofol were only 31% of those activated by GABA in the same cells. 5. Like GABA (100 microM)-activated currents, propofol (100 microM)-activated currents were inhibited by the GABAA receptor antagonist, bicuculline (10 microM) and were abolished by Zn2+ (100 microM). 6. Propofol (10, 30 and 100 microM) dose-dependently activated currents in the absence of GABA. However, the peak amplitude of currents activated by propofol declined with concentrations > 100 microM. The cessation of application of a high dose of propofol (1 mM) was associated with a current 'surge'. 7. The surge current, seen after application of propofol (1 mM), had a reversal potential similar to the Cl- equilibrium potential. The ratio between peak current amplitude in the presence of propofol (1 mM) and surge current amplitude after propofol application, were not dependent on holding potential. Thus,it is unlikely that the surge current represents reversal of a voltage-dependent block of GABAA receptors by propofol.8. The amplitude of the surge current exceeded the amplitude of the initial propofol (1 mM)-evoked current following brief applications, but declined after prolonged applications of the drug.9. The observed modulatory actions of propofol may be due to separate potentiation, activation and inhibitory sites for this anaesthetic agent on GT1-7 cell GABAA receptors.
Mutational analysis of patients with neurofibromatosis 2. (1994)

Neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2) is a genetic disorder characterized by the development of multiple nervous-system tumors in young adulthood. The NF2 gene has recently been isolated and found to encode a new member of the protein 4.1 family of cytoskeletal associated proteins, which we have named merlin. To define the molecular basis of NF2 in affected individuals, we have used SSCP analysis to scan the exons of the NF2 gene from 33 unrelated patients with NF2. Twenty unique SSCP variants were seen in 21 patients; 10 of these individuals were known to be the only affected person in their kindred, while 7 had at least one other known affected relative. In all cases in which family members were available, the SSCP variant segregated with the disease; comparison of sporadic cases with their parents confirmed the de novo variants. DNA sequence analysis revealed that 19 of the 20 variants observed are predicted to lead to a truncated protein due to frameshift, creation of a stop codon, or interference with normal RNA splicing. A single patient carried a 3-bp deletion removing a phenylalanine residue. We conclude that the majority of NF2 patients carry an inactivating mutation of the NF2 gene and that neutral polymorphism in the gene is rare.
Molecular Evidence for the Early Colonization of Land by Fungi and Plants (2001)

The colonization of land by eukaryotes probably was facilitated by a partnership (symbiosis) between a photosynthesizing organism (phototroph) and a fungus. However, the time when colonization occurred remains speculative. The first fossil land plants and fungi appeared 480 to 460 million years ago (Ma), whereas molecular clock estimates suggest an earlier colonization of land, about 600 Ma. Our protein sequence analyses indicate that green algae and major lineages of fungi were present 1000 Ma and that land plants appeared by 700 Ma, possibly affecting Earth's atmosphere, climate, and evolution of animals in the Precambrian.
Increased susceptibility to activation and increased uptake of low density lipoprotein by cholesterol-loaded macrophages. (1992)

Inflammation is associated with macrophage activation, and this process has been shown to occur during atherogenesis. Macrophages (J774A.1) that were activated with either lipopolysaccharide (LPS), zymosan, or phorbol ester demonstrated a 30-35% increased uptake and degradation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) in comparison with nonactivated cells. This phenomenon was also shown for LDL cellular binding, and it resulted in macrophage cholesterol accumulation, as evidenced by cholesterol mass determination and flow cell cytometric analysis. Enhanced uptake of LDL was also obtained with two other types of macrophages: mouse peritoneal macrophages and human monocyte-derived macrophages. In LPS-stimulated macrophages, high density lipoprotein-mediated cholesterol efflux was not different from that shown in nonstimulated cells. Cellular cholesterol synthesis, however, was increased by 25% in the activated macrophages. Macrophage activation, measured as cellular procoagulant activity, was higher in cholesterol-loaded than in nonloaded cells. On stimulation of cholesterol-loaded macrophages, cellular uptake and degradation of LDL were increased by 3.3-fold in comparison with nonactivated cholesterol-loaded cells. Human monocyte-derived macrophages from hypercholesterolemic patients were found to contain 52% more cholesterol mass than macrophages derived from normal healthy donors. These cells demonstrated increased activation (twofold) in response to LPS stimulation and also showed 25% enhanced cellular degradation of LDL. We conclude that activation of macrophages during atherogenesis can lead to foam cell formation, and this mechanism is probably operative in hypercholesterolemic patients.
Channel Estimation in Wireless OFDM Systems With Irregular Pilot Distribution (2010)

This paper addresses pilot-assisted channel estimation for wireless orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems with <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">irregular</i> pilot arrangements. Using nonuniform sampling techniques, we propose a novel channel estimator that is based on conjugate gradient iterations and features very low computational complexity. We investigate the impact of the pilot arrangement on the channel estimation mean square error and we provide a heuristic stopping criterion for early termination of the conjugate gradient iterations. One-dimensional and two-dimensional channel estimator implementations and applications of our method to multiple-antenna and multiuser OFDM systems are discussed. Extensive numerical simulations corroborate that the proposed method performs similarly to computationally much more expensive minimum mean square error estimators.
Silylfurane und Bis(silyl)butadiine -Synthese, Lithiumderivate, Kristallstrukturen/ Silylfurans and Bis(silyl)butadiynes - Synthesis, Lithium Derivatives, Crystal Structures (2000)

Abstract Furan reacts with BuLi and halosilanes to give mono- (1, 5, 7), bis- (2, 6), tris- (3), and tetrakis(2-furanyl)silanes (4); (Fu-R; R = SiMe 2 Cl (1), SiisoPr 2 F (5), Si t Bu 2 F (7); Fu-R-Fu; R = SiMe 2 (2), SiisoPr 2 (6); Fu 3 Si t Bu (3), Fu 4 Si (4)), 2,5-Bis(silyl)furans (8, 9) are obtained in the reaction of dilithiated furan and fluorosilanes in a molar ratio 1:2 (R-Fu-R; R = SiisoPr 2 F (8), Si t Bu 2 F (9), 1,4-Bis(di-tert-butylfluorosilyl)butadiyne (10) is formed from furan four equivalents of BuLi, and two equivalents of F 2 Si t Bu 2 . 10 reacts with KOH to give t Bu 2 (OH )Si-C =C -C =C-Si t Bu 2 OH (11). Substitution of the fluorine atoms of 5 and 7 by a NH 2 group occurs with MNH 2 (M = Li, Na). 12 and 13 are obtained. The reaction of 13 with BuLi and t Bu 2 SiF 2 leads to the formation of FuSi t Bu 2 NHSi t Bu 2 F (14) and t Bu 2 Si(NH-Si t Bu 2 Fu) 2 (15). The lithium derivative of 14 crystallizes as monomer from THF as FuSi t Bu 2 N(LiTHF 2 )Si t Bu 2 F and as a dimer containing a four-membered ring (16) from n-hexane (FuSi t Bu 2 NSi t Bu 2 LiF) 2 (17). The crystal structures of 4, 10, 16,17 have been determined.
Epigenetics Meets Genetics in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Clinical Impact of a Novel Seven-Gene Score (2013)

A seven-gene score encompassing epigenetic and genetic prognostic information identifies novel AML subsets that are meaningful for treatment guidance.
Suppression of a nonsense mutation in mammalian cells<i>in vivo</i>by the aminoglycoside anthiotics G–418 and paromomycin (1985)

Aminoglycoside antibiotics in Escherichia coli and yeast can cause ribosomes to read through stop codons during translation. This can result in the phenotypic suppression of nonsense mutations. We show here for the first time that the aminoglycosides G-418 and paromomycin have similar effects in monkey (COS-7) cells in vivo. Suppression of an amber mutation (TAG) by aminoglycosides can restore the activity of a mutant gene transfected into COS-7 cells to almost 20% of wild type levels.
On Perforating and Fracturing of Deviated Cased Wellbores (1993)

Abstract The growth and link-up of mini-crack initiated at perforated holes from a deviated cased wellbore were studied by analyzing the behavior of cracks in the tangent plane of the borehole. Muskhelishvili's complex potential functions were used to construct the Green's function, which related the fracture opening displacements and external loads, for computational analysis of the problem. It was demonstrated that, at a small perforation spacing, the mini-cracks from the perforated holes will link-up forming a large fracture along the wellbore. For cased wellbores, however, the fracture opening surface is not a smooth surface and there are large amount of rock masses entrapped by the connecting cracks. A rough fracture opening area and the entrapped rock masses might be the reason for the reported high friction loss in several deviated cased wells. It was also demonstrated that the situation could be greatly improved when the wellbore was fractured at a pressure which is much higher than the breakdown pressure.
Multicell quad trees (2003)

The multicell quad tree is a two-level tree structure for region queries. At the upper level is a multiple storage quad tree (MSQT). At the lower level, each leaf quad of the MSQT is further subdivided into equal-sized cells. Basically, large-window queries examine structures at the coarse-grained leaf quad level while small-window queries examine structures at the fine-grained cell level. With such two-level structures fitting each kind of queries separately, both large-window and small-window queries can achieve high execution speeds.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Scan pattern optimization for uniform proton beam scanning (2009)

Magnetic beam scanning allows one to spread proton beam over the desired radiation field area, improving beam utilization and conformity to the target area. This article discusses generic scan forms for generating uniform circular and rectangular fields and establishes criteria that can be applied to optimize selected scan patterns. During construction of the Midwest Proton Radiotherapy Institute (MPRI), Indiana University developed a magnetically scanned beam spreading system for the 3 m long gantry nozzle. Based on the commissioning experience, criteria for optimizing the scan patterns were derived. A numerical integration model was used to perform initial optimization of the resulting dose distribution. The selected scan patterns were then experimentally validated via test irradiation of Gafchromic films. Generic spiral and linear scan forms are proposed capable of delivering uniform circular and rectangular fields in continuous scanning mode. The test irradiations performed indicate that dose uniformity is within +/- 3% for both scan forms and that penumbra of the uncollimated field can approach the radius of the pristine beam spot. A well designed uniform scanning system can have a large library of uniform circular and rectangular fields of different sizes, which would increase beam utilization and minimize out-of-field dose to the patient.
Characterization of a new human diploid myeloid leukemia cell line (PLB- 985) with granulocytic and monocytic differentiating capacity (1987)

A new human diploid cell line, designated PLB-985, has been established from the peripheral blood of a patient with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL). Cells of this line are capable of granulocytic and monocytic maturation in the presence of inducing agents. By morphology, the analysis of surface antigens, and cytochemical staining PLB-985 cells are myelomonoblasts. Transmission electron microscopy reveals them to be devoid of neutrophilic primary or secondary granules and to have an open chromatin pattern with frequent nucleoli. The modal karyotype of the line is 46,XX, with no consistent marker chromosomes or recognizable translocations. Myelomonoblasts of this line form colonies in soft agar and induce tumors (chloromas) in nude mice. Growth of the cells in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide, cis-retinoic acid, or dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate results in granulocytic maturation as determined by morphology, histochemical staining characteristics, and incorporation of 35S-methionine into the neutrophil primary granule proteinases elastase and cathepsin G. The tumor-promoting phorbol ester phorbol myristate acetate induces PLB-985 cells to differentiate as monocytes. Cells grown in the presence of this agent rapidly become adherent to plastic, display markedly increased phagocytosis of latex particles, stain positively for alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase, and lose the ability to synthesize the neutrophilic proteinases. Induction of differentiation along either pathway is accompanied by a marked decrease in myc oncogene transcription.