gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Respiratory Rate From ECG, Photoplethysmogram, and Piezoelectric Pulse Transducer Signals: A Comparative Study of Time&amp;#x2013;Frequency Methods (2010)

We compare the performance of two different time-frequency-based breathing rate (BR) detection algorithms when used on three different physiological signals: the ECG, the photoplethysmogram (PPG), and the piezoelectric pulse transducer (PZO) signal. Studies carried out over the past have shown the existence of amplitude and/or FMs due to respiration in physiological signals, such as those mentioned. In a recent study, we analyzed the PPG signal and detected the FM and amplitude modulation effect that controlled breathing had on it, and inferred the rate of respiration using the time-frequency spectrum (TFS) (via a wavelet (WT) or complex demodulation (CDM) approach). We showed that such TFS BR detection methods were very accurate and consistently outperformed the exclusively time-domain autoregressive modeling (AR) method, especially in the real-time (data length of 1 min) case. We now explore the possibility of using these methods on the ECG and the finger PZO signal, of which only the former has been previously used with some success to derive BR. Testing performed on 15 healthy human subjects for a range of BR and two body positions showed that though the PPG signal gave the most consistently high performance, the ECG and PZO also proved to be reasonably accurate over longer time segments. Furthermore, the CDM approach was on average either better than or comparable to the WT method in terms of both accuracy and repeatability of the detection.
Flavohemoglobin: a semisynthetic hydroxylase acting in the absence of reductase (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFlavohemoglobin: a semisynthetic hydroxylase acting in the absence of reductaseToshio Kokubo, Shigeru Sassa, and E. T. KaiserCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 2, 606–607Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00236a062https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00236a062research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views336Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Biodegradable surfactants derived from corn starch (1974)

Abstract Polyol glucosides, prepared by reacting corn starch with ethylene glycol or glycerol, were used to make biodegradable surfactants. The hydroxyl sites of the glycosides were first partially polyalkoxylated with ethylene oxide or a mixture of ethylene and propylene oxides. The resulting derivatives then were reacted with various long chain epoxides or fatty esters. A good hydrophilic‐lipophilic balance in these products was achieved by controlling the number of alkoxide and aliphatic groups/anhydroglucose unit. Surface active properties of these products were destroyed rapidly by the bacteria of an activated sludge. This excellent biodegradability property was attributed to the presence of the glycoside unit.
A fast and accurate single frequency estimator (1989)

A novel frequency estimator for a single complex sinusoid in complex white Gaussian noise is proposed. The estimator is more computationally efficient that the optimal maximum-likelihood estimator yet attains equally good performance at moderately high signal-to-noise ratios. The estimator is shown to be related to the linear prediction estimator. This relationship is used to reveal why the linear prediction estimator does not attain the Cramer-Rao bound even at high signal-to-noise ratios.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Quantitative analysis of food fatty acids by capillary gas chromatography (1979)

Abstract The superior efficiency of capillary columns is desirable for the gas chromatographic analysis of complex mixtures of fatty acids, but there have been some reservations regarding quantitation and reproducibility. This paper discusses the use of wall‐coated glass capillary columns in a semiautomated system for the determination of food fatty acids. Glass columns coated with SP2340 were used for extended periods at temperatures up to 200 C without appreciable deterioration. Up to 1900 samples were analyzed on a single column over an 11‐month period, with only minor changes in retention ratios, response factors and column efficiency. Quantitative precision of results, calculated either as normalized weight percentage or as absolute amounts, based on the use of an internal standard, were typically within 2% relative deviation. Difficulties encountered in obtaining acceptable chromatograms and reproducible data are discussed, and typical analyses of the fatty acids from foods presented.
Oxygen Radicals and Human Disease (1987)

Toxic oxygen free radicals have been implicated as important pathologic mediators in many clinical disorders. We discuss the chemistry of oxygen radical production and the roles of iron and of various antioxidants as well as the diseases that have received active attention in oxyradical research. Particular attention is focused on cigarette smoke oxidants, ischemia-reperfusion-induced radical production, carcinogenesis, and aging. Such research may well provide a firm foundation for therapeutic breakthroughs.
LY6K is a novel molecular target in bladder cancer on basis of integrate genome-wide profiling (2010)

Upregulation of the oncogenic LY6K gene located on the gained locus at 8q24.3 may contribute BC development.
Advances in Lipid Nanoparticles for siRNA Delivery (2013)

Technological advances in both siRNA (small interfering RNA) and whole genome sequencing have demonstrated great potential in translating genetic information into siRNA-based drugs to halt the synthesis of most disease-causing proteins. Despite its powerful promises as a drug, siRNA requires a sophisticated delivery vehicle because of its rapid degradation in the circulation, inefficient accumulation in target tissues and inability to cross cell membranes to access the cytoplasm where it functions. Lipid nanoparticle (LNP) containing ionizable amino lipids is the leading delivery technology for siRNA, with five products in clinical trials and more in the pipeline. Here, we focus on the technological advances behind these potent systems for siRNA-mediated gene silencing.
A new method of robust image compression based on the embedded zerotree wavelet algorithm (1997)

We propose a wavelet-based image compression algorithm that achieves robustness to transmission errors by partitioning the transform coefficients into groups and independently processing each group using an embedded coder. Thus, a bit error in one group does not affect the others, allowing more uncorrupted information to reach the decoder.
Murine serum nucleases – contrasting effects of plasmin and heparin on the activities of DNase1 and DNase1‐like 3 (DNase1l3) (2009)

DNase1 is regarded as the major serum nuclease; however, a systematic investigation into the presence of additional serum nuclease activities is lacking. We have demonstrated directly that serum contains DNase1-like 3 (DNase1l3) in addition to DNase1 by an improved denaturing SDS-PAGE zymography method and anti-murine DNase1l3 immunoblotting. Using DNA degradation assays, we compared the activities of recombinant murine DNase1 and DNase1l3 (rmDNase1, rmDNase1l3) with the serum of wild-type and DNase1 knockout mice. Serum and rmDNase1 degrade chromatin effectively only in cooperation with serine proteases, such as plasmin or thrombin, which remove DNA-bound proteins. This can be mimicked by the addition of heparin, which displaces histones from chromatin. In contrast, serum and rmDNase1l3 degrade chromatin without proteolytic help and are directly inhibited by heparin and proteolysis by plasmin. In previous studies, serum DNase1l3 escaped detection because of its sensitivity to proteolysis by plasmin after activation of the plasminogen system in the DNA degradation assays. In contrast, DNase1 is resistant to plasmin, probably as a result of its di-N-glycosylation, which is lacking in DNase1l3. Our data demonstrate that secreted rmDNase1 and murine parotid DNase1 are mixtures of three different di-N-glycosylated molecules containing two high-mannose, two complex N-glycans or one high-mannose and one complex N-glycan moiety. In summary, serum contains two nucleases, DNase1 and DNase1l3, which may substitute or cooperate with each other during DNA degradation, providing effective clearance after exposure or release from dying cells.
Application of surface‐coated liposomes for oral delivery of peptide: Effects of coating the liposome's surface on the GI transit of insulin (1999)

We prepared two kinds of surface-coated liposomes and investigated their potencies as oral dosage forms for peptide drugs by focusing on their effects on the gastrointestinal (GI) transit of drugs. The surface of the liposomes was coated with poly(ethylene glycol) 2000 (PEG-Lip) or the sugar chain of mucin (Mucin-Lip). As a model peptide drug, insulin was encapsulated in these liposomes. Coating the surface with poly(ethylene glycol) was found to reduce the transit rate of liposomes in the small intestine after oral administration to rats in vivo. Mucin-Lip was retained in the stomach longer than PEG-Lip or uncoated liposomes. The effect of surface coating on the intestinal transit of liposomes was determined by means of in situ single pass perfusion in the rat small intestine. Statistical moment analysis was applied to the outflow pattern of both liposomes and encapsulated insulin. The mean transit time (MTT) and deviation of transit time (DTT) in the intestinal tract were calculated. The MTT of PEG-Lip was much longer than those of uncoated liposomes and Mucin-Lip and was significantly shortened after removal of the intestinal mucous layer. These results indicated that PEG-Lip interacts strongly with the intestinal mucous layer, leading to its slow transit in the intestine. In contrast, coating the liposome's surface with mucin did not affect either the MTT or DTT of liposomes in the intestine. This result is in accordance with the in vivo observation that Mucin-Lip was highly retained in the stomach, but not in any region of the small intestine in vivo. Both the MTT and DTT values of insulin encapsulated in PEG-Lip and Mucin-Lip were almost the same as those of liposomes themselves, suggesting that surface-coated liposomes retained insulin in the intestinal tract. However, MTT and DTT of insulin were significantly shorter than those of uncoated liposomes because these liposomes degraded and released significant amounts of insulin during single pass perfusion. The ability of surface-coated liposomes, especially of PEG-Lip, to interact with the mucus layer and slow the transit rate in the GI tract is considered desirable for oral delivery of peptide drugs. Modification of the liposomal surface with appropriate materials, therefore, should be an effective method by which to achieve the oral delivery of peptide drugs.
Reverberation Reduction for Improved Speech Recognition (2005)

In this paper we present a dereverberation algorithm for improving automatic speech recognition (ASR) results with minimal CPU overhead. As the reverberation tail hurts ASR the most, late reverberation is reduced via gain-based spectral subtraction. We use a multi-band decay model with an efficient method to update it in realtime. In reverberant environments the multi-channel version of the proposed algorithm reduces word error rates (WER) up to one half of the way between those of a microphone array only and a close-talk microphone. The four channel implementation requires less than 2% of the CPU power of a modern computer. Introduction The need to present clean sound inputs to today's speech recognition engines has fostered huge amounts of research into areas of noise suppression, microphone array processing, acoustic echo cancellation and methods for reducing the effects of acoustic reverberation. Reducing reverberation through deconvolution (inverse filtering) is one of the most common approaches. The main problem is that the channel must be known or very well estimated for successful deconvolution. The estimation is done in the cepstral domain [1] or on envelope levels [2]. Multi-channel variants use the redundancy of the channel signals [3] and frequently work in the cepstral domain [4]. Blind dereverberation methods seek to estimate the input(s) to the system without explicitly computing a deconvolution or inverse filter. Most of them employ probabilistic and statistically based models [5]. Dereverberation via suppression and enhancement is similar to noise suppression. These algorithms either try to suppress the reverberation, enhance the direct-path speech, or both. There is no channel estimation and there is no signal estimation, either. Usual techniques are longterm cepstral mean subtraction [6], pitch enhancement [7], LPC analysis [8] in single or multi-channel implementation. The most common issues with the preceding methods are slow reaction when reverberation changes, robustness to noise, and computational requirements. Modeling and assumptions We convoluted clean speech signal with a typical room response function and processed it trough our ASR engine, cutting the length of the response function after some point. The results are shown on Figure 1. The early reverberation practically has no effect on the ASR results, most probably due to cepstral mean subtraction (CMS) in the ASR engine front end. The CMS compensates for the constant part of the input channel response and removes the early reverberation. The reverberation has noticeable effect on WER between 50 ms and RT30. In this time interval the reverberation behaves more as non-stationary, uncorrelated decaying noise ) ( f R : ) ( ) ( ) ( f f X f Y R + = (1) We assume that the reverberation energy in this time interval decays exponentially and is the same in every point of the room (i.e. it is diffuse). Our decay model is frequency dependent:
Transcription activator‐like effector nucleases (TALENs): A highly efficient and versatile tool for genome editing (2013)

Transcription activator-like effector (TALE) nucleases (TALENs) have recently emerged as a revolutionary genome editing tool in many different organisms and cell types. The site-specific chromosomal double-strand breaks introduced by TALENs significantly increase the efficiency of genomic modification. The modular nature of the TALE central repeat domains enables researchers to tailor DNA recognition specificity with ease and target essentially any desired DNA sequence. Here, we comprehensively review the development of TALEN technology in terms of scaffold optimization, DNA recognition, and repeat array assembly. In addition, we provide some perspectives on the future development of this technology.
Geometric-structure-based error concealment with novel applications in block-based low-bit-rate coding (1999)

This paper first proposes a computationally efficient spatial directional interpolation scheme, which makes use of the local geometric information extracted from the surrounding blocks. The proposed error-concealment scheme produces results that are superior to those of other approaches, in terms of both peak signal-to-noise ratio and visual quality. Then a novel approach that incorporates this directional spatial interpolation at the receiver is proposed for block-based low-bit-rate coding. The key observation is that the directional spatial interpolation at the receiver can reconstruct faithfully a large percentage of the blocks that are intentionally not sent. A rate-distortion optimal way to drop the blocks is shown. The new approach can be made compatible with standard JPEG and MPEG decoders. The block-dropping approach also has an important application for dynamic rate shaping in transmitting precompressed videos over channels of dynamic bandwidth. Experimental results show that the proposed coding and rate-shaping systems can provide significant subjective and objective gains over conventional approaches.
Size-Uniform 200 nm Particles: Fabrication and Application to Magnetofection (2009)

We report on the fabrication of arrays of mono- and multimetallic particles via metal evaporation onto lithographically patterned posts, as well as the magnetic force calibration and successful magnetofection of iron particles grown via this method. This work represents the first instance in which metal evaporation onto post structures was used for the formation of released, shape-defined metal particles. Also, our work represents the first use of lithographically defined particles as agents of magnetofection. Using these techniques it is possible to create particles with complex shapes and lateral dimensions as small as 40 nm. Our demonstrated compositionally flexible particles are highly size-uniform due to their photolithographically defined growth substrates, with particle dimensions along two axes fixed at 200 nm; the third axis dimension can be varied from 20 nm to 300 nm during the deposition procedure. Atomic percent of metals incorporated into the particle volume is highly tunable and particles have been synthesized with as many as four different metals. We performed magnetic force calibrations on a single particle size for iron particles using an axially magnetized NeFeB permanent magnet and comparisons are made with commercially available magnetic beads. In order to evalutate their usefulness as magnetofection agents, an antisense oligonucleotide (ODN) designed to correct the aberrant splicing of enhanced green fluorescent protein mRNA, was successfully transfected into a modified HeLa cell line. Magnetically enhanced gene delivery was accomplished in vitro using antisense ODN-laden iron particles followed by application of a field gradient. Magnetically enhanced transfection resulted in a 76% and 139% increase in fluorescence intensity when compared to Lipofectamine and antisense ODN-loaded particles delivered without magnetic treatment, respectively. To our knowledge, these experiments constitute the first use of lithographically defined particles as successful agents for magnetically enhanced transfection of an antisense oligonucleotide.
Structure and dynamics of biphasic colloidal mixtures (2008)

We investigate the structure and dynamics of biphasic colloidal mixtures composed of coexisting attractive and repulsive microspheres by confocal microscopy. Attractive gels formed in the presence of repulsive microspheres are more spatially homogeneous and, on average, are both more locally tenuous and have fewer large voids than their unary counterparts. The repulsive microspheres within these mixtures display heterogeneous dynamics, with some species exhibiting freely diffusive Brownian motion while others are trapped within the gel network during aggregation.
Microscopic mechanisms of photosensitivity in germanium-doped silica glass (1996)

The photosensitivity of germanium-doped silica glass fibers and related phenomena, namely photoinduced second harmonic generation and refractive index change, attract considerable interest. In the present paper the microscopic mechanisms of the photosensitivity, which are based on photoionization and structural transformation, are considered. The recent experimental results, which reveal the role of excited triplet state of germanium oxygen deficient defect in the photosensitivity of germanium-doped glass, are discussed.
Hedgehog signaling in human hepatocellular carcinoma (2006)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth most common malignancy and one of the leading causes of death world wide. Signaling pathways important for tumor initiation and progression in HCC are poorly understood. Hedgehog signaling (Hh) has been implicated in multiple events during development and has also been proposed to play important roles in several tumor types. However, it remains unclear whether this pathway is activated in HCC. Here, we report the detection of transcripts for hedgehog pathway signaling molecules in both HCC cell lines and tumor samples. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR also revealed the decreased expression of Hip1 and increased expression of Gli1 and smo in HCC samples compared with nontumor liver tissues. Blocking the hedgehog pathway with cyclopamine inhibited proliferation, induced apoptosis and repressed c-Myc and cyclin D expression in a subset of HCC cell lines. The study therefore, for the first time, provides evidence that hedgehog signaling may be activated in some HCC tumors. The results also indicate that the hedgehog pathway may be a new candidate for therapeutic targeting in HCC.
Structural features of poly(alkylene ether carbonate) diols and intermediates formed during their preparation (1989)

Abstract Capillary vapor‐phase chromatography and carbon‐13 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) have been used to elucidate the structure of poly(ethylene ether carbonate) diols and certain intermediates produced by the oligomerization of ethylene carbonate (EC) using monoethylene glycol (MEG) or diethylene glycol (DEG) as initiator and catalyzed by sodium stannate trihydrate. These diols are alternating copolymers of carbon dioxide and DEG which also contain smaller amounts of higher glycols as determined by comparing their 13 C NMR spectra to the spectra of model compounds. Diethylene glycol is an important reaction intermediate and is present in steady‐state concentrations. Although both 2‐hydroxyethyl carbonate and 2‐hydroxyethyl ether end groups are present at an intermediate stage in the reaction, only 2‐hydroxyethyl ether end groups are present at high EC conversion. Molecular weight builds as a smooth function of conversion and time.
Diagnostic Assessment of Troubleshooting Skill in an Intelligent Tutoring System (1994)

This paper lays out the rationale and implementation of student modeling and updating in the HYDRIVE intelligent tutoring system (ITS) for aircraft hydraulic systems.An epistemic level of modeling concerns the plans and goals students are using to guide their problem solving, as inferred from specific actions in specific contexts.These results update a student model constructed around more broadly defined aspects of system understanding, strategic knowledge, and procedural skills.Meant to support inferences that transcend particular problem states, this level of student modeling moderates feedback and instructional decisions in HYDRIVE.The applicability of this approach to student modeling in other learning domains is discussed.(Contains 9 figures, I table, and 26 references.)