gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantification of α-Synuclein in Cerebrospinal Fluid As a Biomarker Candidate: Review of the Literature and Considerations for Future Studies (2010)

The pursuit of laboratory tests that allow for the reliable and inexpensive identification of subjects with parkinsonism represents a hot topic in translational neuroscience. This unmet need affects the counseling of presymptomatic, at-risk subjects and delays the accurate diagnosis of already symptomatic individuals. The absence of validated markers that are closely linked to the pathological disease process also compromises the objective monitoring of therapeutic interventions in clinical trials. Typical Parkinson’s disease represents a heterogenous syndrome (but the majority of patients suffer from neurodegeneration) that is linked to the misprocessing of α-synuclein (α-Syn). The identification of α-Syn as a bona fide constituent of human cerebrospinal fluid and its quantification in early cross-sectional studies represent the beginning of a new chapter in Parkinson’s disease research. It will determine what role, if any, cerebrospinal fluid α-Syn plays as a biomarker candidate in Lewy inclusion-positive forms of parkinsonism. This article focuses on the progress that has been made in seven recently published papers and highlights the challenges that lie ahead. We also provide specific information regarding standardized operating procedures for cerebrospinal fluid collection in PD biomarker research efforts.
SAT Based Abstraction-Refinement Using ILP and Machine Learning Techniques (2002)

We describe new techniques for model checking in the counterexample guided abstraction/refinement framework. The abstraction phase ‘hides’ the logic of various variables, hence considering them as inputs. This type of abstraction may lead to ‘spurious’ counterexamples, i.e. traces that can not be simulated on the original (concrete) machine. We check whether a counterexample is real or spurious with a SAT checker. We then use a combination of Integer Linear Programming (ILP) and machine learning techniques for refining the abstraction based on the counterexample. The process is repeated until either a real counterexample is found or the property is verified. We have implemented these techniques on top of the model checker NuSMV and the SAT solver Chaff. Experimental results prove the viability of these new techniques.
Direct cleavage of peptides from a solid support into aqueous buffer. Application in simultaneous multiple peptide synthesis (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDirect cleavage of peptides from a solid support into aqueous buffer. Application in simultaneous multiple peptide synthesisAndrew M. Bray, N. Joe Maeji, Robert M. Valerio, Rhonda A. Campbell, and H. Mario GeysenCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 23, 6659–6666Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00023a035https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00023a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views473Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
HTS microstrip filters with multiple symmetric and asymmetric prescribed transmission zeros (2003)

The realizations of multiple transmission zeros with High-Temperature Superconductor (HTS) microstrip lumped element narrow band filter is described. The filter design is based on the cascading of tri-sections to implement symmetrical or asymmetrical transmission zeros. The advantage of using tri-section in HTS microstrip narrow band filter design is that the value of the cross coupling is much bigger than that of the symmetric quadruplet, which is easier for practical realization. In addition, each zero is independent controlled by one cross coupling and thus the effects of the parasitic can be compensated. Basic cross-coupling structures are summarized for thin-film HTS filter, and several design examples with measured results are presented to demonstrate the design.
Steering Behaviors for Autonomous Vehicles in Virtual Environments (2006)

This paper presents steering behaviors that control autonomous vehicles populating roadways in virtual urban environments. Behavior programming is facilitated by a set of representations of the environment that use convenient frames of reference in natural coordinate systems. Roadway surfaces are modeled as three-dimensional ribbons that make the local orientation of the road explicit and allow relative distances on the road to be simply computed. Roads and intersections are connected to form a ribbon network. An egocentric representation called a path melds road and intersection segments into a single, continuous ribbon that captures the vehicle's short-term plan of navigation. A topological structure called a route supports wayfinding. We describe how the interrelated ribbon, path, and route representations are used to build multi-component behaviors that plan routes and safely navigate through traffic filled road networks - tracking lanes, shifting lanes to avoid congestion, anticipating lane changes needed to make turns dictated by the route, negotiating intersections, and respecting the rules of the road.
Clock generation and distribution for the first IA-64 microprocessor (2000)

The clock design for the first implementation of the IA-64 microprocessor is presented. A clock distribution with an active distributed deskewing technique is used to achieve a low skew of 28 ps. This technique is capable of compensating skews caused by within-die process variations that are becoming a significant factor of the clock design. The global, regional and local clock distributions are described. A multilevel skew budget and local clock timing methodology are used to enable a high-performance design by providing support for intentional clock skew injection and time borrowing. By providing a test access port interface to the deskew architecture and the incorporation of the on-die-clock-shrink, this design is equipped with two very powerful post-silicon timing debug tools that are critical to high-performance microprocessor design and enabled quick time-to-market.
Recovery of normal protein synthesis in heat-shocked chicken myotubes by liposome-mediated transfer of mRNAs (1985)

Exposure of chicken myotube culture to 45 degrees C induced the synthesis of three heat-shock polypeptides of 25 000, 65 000, and 81 000 daltons. Recovery to the normal pattern of protein synthesis was judged by the decrease in the synthesis of heat-shock polypeptides. This recovery to normal protein synthesis required de novo synthesis of mRNAs for normal cellular proteins. Inhibition of RNA synthesis by actinomycin D during recovery at 37 degrees C blocked the recovery process and resulted in the continued synthesis of heat-shock polypeptides. Large unilamellar vesicles were used to examine the effect of delivery of mRNAs isolated from both normal and heat-shocked myotubes on the recovery of these cells from heat-shock treatment. The results presented here show that liposome-mediated delivery of normal mRNAs to heat-shocked cells relieved the block of recovery by actinomycin. On the other hand, when mRNAs from heat-shocked cells were used during recovery, the synthesis of heat-shock polypeptides was stimulated. These observations suggest that the relative abundance of mRNAs in the cytoplasm plays a critical role in regulating protein synthesis in chicken myotube cultures.
Ultra-selective ligand-driven separation of strategic actinides (2019)

Metal ion separations are critical to numerous fields, including nuclear medicine, waste recycling, space exploration, and fundamental research. Nonetheless, operational conditions and performance are limited, imposing compromises between recovery, purity, and cost. Siderophore-inspired ligands show unprecedented charge-based selectivity and compatibility with harsh industry conditions, affording excellent separation efficiency, robustness and process control. Here, we successfully demonstrate a general separation strategy on three distinct systems, for Ac, Pu, and Bk purification. Separation factors (SF) obtained with model compound 3,4,3-LI(1,2-HOPO) are orders of magnitude higher than with any other ligand currently employed: 10<sup>6</sup> between Ac and relevant metal impurities, and over 10<sup>8</sup> for redox-free Pu purification against uranyl ions and trivalent actinides or fission products. Finally, a one-step separation method (SF > 3 × 10<sup>6</sup> and radiopurity > 99.999%) enables the isolation of Bk from adjacent actinides and fission products. The proposed approach offers a paradigm change for the production of strategic elements.
A Frequency Control Method for Regulating Wireless Power to Implantable Devices (2008)

This paper presents a method to regulate the power transferred over a wireless link by adjusting the resonant operating frequency of the primary converter. A significant advantage of this method is that effective power regulation is maintained under variations in load, coupling and circuit parameters. This is particularly important when the wireless supply is used to power implanted medical devices where substantial coupling variations between internal and external systems is expected. The operating frequency is changed dynamically by altering the effective tuning capacitance through soft switched phase control. A thorough analysis of the proposed system has been undertaken, and experimental results verify its functionality.
Influence of Cell Polarity on Retrovirus-Mediated Gene Transfer to Differentiated Human Airway Epithelia (1998)

Gene transfer with recombinant murine leukemia viruses (MuLV) provides the potential to permanently correct inherited lung diseases, such as cystic fibrosis (CF). Several problems prevent the application of MuLV-based recombinant retroviruses to lung gene therapy: (i) the lack of cell proliferation in mature pulmonary epithelia, (ii) inefficient gene transfer with a vector applied to the apical surface, and (iii) low titers of many retroviral preparations. We found that keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) stimulated proliferation of differentiated human tracheal and bronchial epithelia. Approximately 50% of epithelia divided in response to KGF as assessed by bromodeoxyuridine histochemistry. In airway epithelia stimulated to divide with KGF, high-titer ampho- and xenotropic enveloped vectors preferentially infected cells from the basal side. However, treatment with hypotonic shock or EGTA transiently increased transepithelial permeability, enhancing gene transfer with the vector applied to the mucosal surfaces of KGF-stimulated epithelia. Up to 35% of cells expressed the transgene after gene transfer. By using this approach, cells throughout the epithelial sheet, including basal cells, were targeted. Moreover, the Cl- transport defect in differentiated CF airway epithelia was corrected. These findings suggest that barriers to apical infection with MuLV can be overcome.
The Ablation Casting Process (2009)

A new patented casting process is described, based on a precision aggregate mold, bonded with a water-soluble binder. For the first time the twin functions of the mold (i) defining shape and (ii) providing cooling have been successfully separated allowing the production of castings of all sizes and shapes (thin and thick walls) for all Al and Mg alloys. Because solidification and cooling are separately controlled by the application of water a number of advantages follow immediately. The mold is ablated (i.e. eroded) away by the water without fume or dust and the ‘air gap’ is eliminated by direct contact with the water, enhancing the rate of solidification to levels normally unattainable, resulting in significantly enhanced properties. The unusual microstructures of Al-Si alloys having large DAS but micron-sized eutectic silicon indicates, in agreement with earlier predictions, that DAS per se does not control strength or ductility. The process is currently proving itself in commercial operation, having the additional advantages of modest start-up and tooling costs as well as low competitive piece part costs because of the use of low cost materials and the recycling of aggregate and water.
Adhesion of diamond coatings on tungsten substrates (1995)

Adhesion data between diamond coatings and tungsten substrates as a function of the tungsten substrate surface treatment prior to diamond deposition are presented. Mirror-polished tungsten substrate surfaces were scratched with different size natural diamond grits and then characterized for average roughness (Ra), chemical composition, and bonding of the residual carbon on the surface. Diamond coatings were deposited on these surfaces by a hot-filament chemical vapor deposition method under identical conditions. The deposited coatings were characterized for growth rate, morphology, crystallinity, amount of non-diamond carbon, texture, and strain. Coating-substrate adhesion was measured by the tensile pull method. The surfaces of the coatings and the substrates produced as a result of the tensile pull testing were characterized for morphology, roughness, chemical composition, and type of carbon bonding. The results indicate that the diamond coatings deposited on differently prepared substrates have roughly similar morphology, crystallinity, non-diamond carbon fraction, and strain. During adhesion testing, failure occurs primarily near an interface between diamond-like-carbon-rich and crystalline diamond-rich regions or in the diamond-like-carbon-rich region. The measured adhesion values correlate rather well with the substrate surface roughness under the pulls. Initially adhesion increases with increasing surface roughness and then decreases with further increases in surface roughness beyond 0.1 μm.
Design methodology for the S/390 Parallel Enterprise Server G4 microprocessors (1997)

This paper describes the design methodology employed in the design of the S/390® Parallel Enterprise Server G4 microprocessors. Issues of verifying design metrics of area, power, noise, timing, testability, and functional correctness are discussed within the context of a transistor-level custom design approach. Practical issues of managing the complexity of a 7.8-million-transistor design and encouraging design productivity are introduced.
X‐ray micro‐CT with a displaced detector array (2002)

Because the sizes of samples differ in x-ray micro-CT applications, it is desirable to have a mechanism to change the field of view of a micro-CT scanner. A well-known way to double the diameter of the field of view is to displace a detector array by 50%. In this paper, we propose to displace a detector array by an amount of greater than 0% but less than 50% for a continuously adjustable field of view, and formulate a weighting scheme for artifact-free reconstruction. Then, we perform numerical simulation with the Shepp-Logan phantom to demonstrate the feasibility in fan-beam and cone-beam geometry.
P450-Catalyzed Intramolecular sp <sup>3</sup> C–H Amination with Arylsulfonyl Azide Substrates (2014)

The direct amination of aliphatic C-H bonds represents a most valuable transformation in organic chemistry. While a number of transition metal-based catalysts have been developed and investigated for this purpose, the possibility to execute this transformation with biological catalysts has remained largely unexplored. Here, we report that cytochrome P450 enzymes can serve as efficient catalysts for mediating intramolecular benzylic C-H amination reactions in a variety of arylsulfonyl azide compouds. Under optimized conditions, the P450 catalysts were found to support up to 390 total turnovers leading to the formation of the desired sultam products with excellent regioselectivity. In addition, the chiral environment provided by the enzyme active site allowed for the reaction to proceed in a stereo- and enantioselective manner. The C-H amination activity, substrate profile, and enantio/stereoselectivity of these catalysts could be modulated by utilizing enzyme variants with engineered active sites.
[Material-selective imaging and density measurement using the dual-energy method. I. Principles and methodology]. (1987)

The principles of the Dual Energy method are discussed from two perspectives: a clear illustration of the method and an exact presentation of the principles involved. The principles apply to both radiography and computed tomography. The method was implemented on a CT scanner (SOMATOM DR, Siemens AG). Dual Energy images enable highly selective imaging based on the determination of density values for calcified and soft tissue. Images may also be reconstructed that are based on other parameters such as electron density and effective atomic number. The degree to which selective imaging is possible is discussed. Examples of Dual Energy clinical applications for radiography and computed tomography are presented. More detailed information will be available in future contributions.
Laboratory experience with a magnetically guided intravascular catheter system (1973)

✓ An improved magnetically-guided intravascular catheter system in dogs is described as safe, requiring little attention, allowing the application of flow surges to aid propulsion of the tip, and providing for angiography of good quality. Current concepts of the relationship of magnetic and flow guidance are discussed. The uses of the system demonstrated include selective angiography, perfusion of isobutyl-2-cyanoacrylate into experimental arteriovenous fistulas, and perfusion of microparticulate iron suspensions into experimental aneurysms. A unique detachable macroballoon that may function as a reversible tethered embolus is reported.
cAMP‐dependent protein kinase: Crystallographic insights into substrate recognition and phosphotransfer (1994)

The crystal structure of ternary and binary substrate complexes of the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase has been refined at 2.2 and 2.25 A resolution, respectively. The ternary complex contains ADP and a 20-residue substrate peptide, whereas the binary complex contains the phosphorylated substrate peptide. These 2 structures were refined to crystallographic R-factors of 17.5 and 18.1%, respectively. In the ternary complex, the hydroxyl oxygen OG of the serine at the P-site is 2.7 A from the OD1 atom of Asp 166. This is the first crystallographic evidence showing the direct interaction of this invariant carboxylate with a peptide substrate, and supports the predicted role of Asp 166 as a catalytic base and as an agent to position the serine -OH for nucleophilic attack. A comparison of the substrate and inhibitor ternary complexes places the hydroxyl oxygen of the serine 2.7 A from the gamma-phosphate of ATP and supports a direct in-line mechanism for phosphotransfer. In the binary complex, the phosphate on the Ser interacts directly with the epsilon N of Lys 168, another conserved residue. In the ternary complex containing ATP and the inhibitor peptide, Lys 168 interacts electrostatically with the gamma-phosphate of ATP (Zheng J, Knighton DR, Ten Eyck LF, Karlsson R, Xuong NH, Taylor SS, Sowadski JM, 1993, Biochemistry 32:2154-2161). Thus, Lys 168 remains closely associated with the phosphate in both complexes. A comparison of this binary complex structure with the recently solved structure of the ternary complex containing ATP and inhibitor peptide also reveals that the phosphate atom traverses a distance of about 1.5 A following nucleophilic attack by serine and transfer to the peptide. No major conformational changes of active site residues are seen when the substrate and product complexes are compared, although the binary complex with the phosphopeptide reveals localized changes in conformation in the region corresponding to the glycine-rich loop. The high B-factors for this loop support the conclusion that this structural motif is a highly mobile segment of the protein.
A portable instrument for quantifying erythema induced by ultraviolet radiation (1984)

The design and performance of an instrument for quantifying ultraviolet-induced cutaneous erythema are discussed. If the instrument is used to record an 'erythema index' at a site on the skin before and after irradiation, the difference between those two readings is essentially related to an increase in vasodilation and is largely independent of the melanin content of the epidermis.
Impaired Inflammatory Pain and Thermal Hyperalgesia in Mice Expressing Neuron-Specific Dominant Negative Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase Kinase (MEK) (2006)

Our results demonstrate that the neuronal MEK-ERK pathway is indeed an important intracellular cascade that is associated with formalin-induced inflammatory pain and thermal hyperalgesia.
Laser optoacoustic imaging of turbid media: determination of optical properties by comparison with diffusion theory and Monte Carlo simulation (1996)

Laser optoacoustic imaging based on time-resolved detection of laser-induced thermoelastic pressure waves can be potentially used in medicine as a diagnostic tool (tomography) and as means to measure tissue optical properties in vivo. Information on tissue optical properties in vivo is important for laser dosimetry and tissue characterization. Analysis of the profile and amplitude of laser-induced transient stress can provide direct information about absorbed energy distribution in irradiated volume. Pressure wave profiles exactly correspond to temperature distributions generated in tissues under irradiation conditions of temporal stress confinement. In this study we experimentally measured pressure wave profile and amplitude upon irradiation of highly scattering gel phantoms and aqueous solutions colored with potassium chromate and made turbid with polystyrene spheres. A wide-band lithium niobate acoustic transducer was used to detect laser-induced pressure waves. The experimentally measured laser-induced stress profiles and the results of a Monte Carlo simulation were in excellent agreement. Computer code was developed to calculate separately absorption and scattering coefficients from transient stress profiles. Our study has demonstrated feasibility of time-resolved detection of laser-induced acoustic transients as a method for tissue optical properties measurements in vivo.