gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thirty-Five Years of Thin-Layer Chromatography in the Analysis of Inorganic Anions (1995)

Abstract An exhaustive review focusing on types of stationary phases, mobile phases, detection reagents and techniques involved in the identification, separation, and determination of inorganic anions in various samples is presented. Results on thin-layer chromatographic studies of anions covering the period 1959 to December 1994 have been collected from all available sources such as research papers, review articles, Analytical Abstracts, Current Contents, and Chemical Abstracts. Care has been taken to provide as much information as possible in a condensed form without omissions. This is the first review to provide all necessary information in respect of TLC separation of inorganic anions. A necessity is felt for developing forced flow planar chromatographic techniques for the analysis of anionic species.
Dynamic histogram warping of image pairs for constant image brightness (2002)

The constant image brightness (CIB) assumption assumes that the intensities of corresponding points in two images are equal. This assumption is central to much of computer vision. However, surprisingly little work has been performed to support this assumption, despite the fact the many of algorithms are very sensitive to deviations from CIB. An examination of the images contained in the SRI JISCT stereo database revealed that the constant image brightness assumption is indeed often false. Moreover, the simple additive/multiplicative models of the form I/sub L/=/spl beta/I/sub R/+/spl alpha/ do not adequately represent the observed deviations. A comprehensive physical model of the observed deviations is difficult to develop. However, many potential sources of deviations can be represented by a nonlinear monotonically increasing relationship between intensities. Under these conditions, we believe that an expansion/contraction matching of the intensity histograms represents the best method to both measure the degree of validity of the CIB assumption and correct for it. Dynamic histogram warping (DHW) is closely related to histogram specification. It is shown that histogram specification introduces artifacts that do not occur with dynamic histogram warping. Experimental results show that image histograms are closely matched after DHW, especially when both histograms are modified simultaneously. DHW is also capable of removing simple constant additive and multiplicative biases without derivative operations, thereby avoiding amplification of high frequency noise. DHW can improve the estimates from stereo and optical flow estimators.
The Sachs-Wolfe Effect (1996)

We present a pedagogical derivation of the Sachs-Wolfe effect, specifically the factor 1/3 relating the temperature fluctuations to gravitational potentials. The result arises from a cancellation between gravitational redshifts and intrinsic temperature fluctuations which can be derived from a coordinate transformation of the background.
Homogeneous NMR Spectra in Inhomogeneous Fields (1996)

Researchers interested in high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy have long sought higher magnetic fields to enhance resolution and simplify spectra. Magnets with substantially larger fields than those available in the best commercial spectrometers are available, but the inhomogeneity is unacceptable for high-resolution spectra. A detection method (termed HOMOGENIZED) is presented that removes inhomogeneity while retaining chemical shift differences and J couplings. With existing inhomogeneous magnets, this method could nearly double the largest resonance frequency available for high-resolution NMR. The HOMOGENIZED sequence is based on observations of intermolecular zero-quantum coherences between a solute molecule and solvent molecules that are micrometers away; as long as the field is homogeneous over this short distance, sharp resonances are recovered without echoes. Experimental demonstrations and a detailed density matrix theory to explain the effect are presented.
Characterization of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to linear and conformation-dependent epitopes within the first and second variable domains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120 (1993)

A number of linear and conformation-dependent neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) have been mapped to the first and second variable (V1 and V2) domains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gp120. The majority of these MAbs are as effective at neutralizing HIV-1 infectivity as MAbs to the V3 domain and the CD4 binding site. The linear MAbs bind to amino acid residues 162 to 171, and changes at residues 183/184 (PI/SG) and 191/192/193 (YSL/GSS) within the V2 domain abrogate the binding of the two conformation-dependent MAbs, 11/68b and CRA-4, respectively. Surprisingly, a change at residue 435 (Y/H or Y/S), in a region of gp120 near the CD4 binding site (M. Kowalski, J. Potz, L. Basiripour, T. Dorfman, W. C. Goh, E. Terwilliger, A. Dayton, C. Rosen, W. Haseltine, and J. Sodroski, Science 237:1351-1355, 1987; L. A. Lasky, G. M. Nakamura, D. H. Smith, C. Fennie, C. Shimasaki, E. Patzer, P. Berman, T. Gregory, and D. Capon, Cell 50:975-985, 1987; and U. Olshevsky, E. Helseth, C. Furman, J. Li, W. Haseltine, and J. Sodroski, J. Virol. 64:5701-5707, 1990), abrogated gp120 recognition by both of the conformation-dependent MAbs. However, both MAbs 11/68b and CRA-4 were able to bind to HIV-1 V1V2 chimeric fusion proteins expressing the V1V2 domains in the absence of C4, suggesting that residues in C4 are not components of the epitopes but that amino acid changes in C4 may affect the structure of the V1V2 domains. This is consistent with the ability of soluble CD4 to block 11/68b and CRA-4 binding to both native cell surface-expressed gp120 and recombinant gp120 and suggests that the binding of the neutralizing MAbs to the virus occurs prior to receptor interaction. Since the reciprocal inhibition, i.e., antibody inhibition of CD4-gp120 binding, was not observed, the mechanism of neutralization is probably not a blockade of virus-receptor interaction. Finally, we demonstrate that linear sequences from the V2 region are immunogenic in HIV-1-infected individuals, suggesting that the primary neutralizing response may be directed to both V2 and V3 epitopes.
Adaptive notification system guaranteeing message reachability (2005)

A variety of information communication devices have been developed to help people maintain his/her awareness of interesting information. Notification systems play an important role in delivering up-to-date, important information via such devices. We have been developing a novel push-style notification system that delivers a succession of new messages onto the mobile terminal display in a well-timed manner. This system increases the probability of the user discovering interesting information from among a stream of items shown one after another, and accessing the network to get more details if desired. Needless to say, the appropriateness of the message to be notified is important to the user. To make a push-style notification system more useful and comfortable for users, however, it is also essential to deliver the information without interrupting the user's on-going task. Furthermore, some mechanism that can recover from the user's failure to notice a message is also needed. We fold all these abilities into the one term of "message reachability", and propose a comprehensive and flexible push-style notification system. One of its main features is a Bayesian "notification user model" which takes task state, user state and user characteristic into consideration. The other is an adaptive notification control mechanism based on the user model, and a compensation mechanism to handle messages that the user missed. This paper details the user model and message control mechanisms, and concludes by showing implementation details.
Synergistic antitumor activity with IFN and monoclonal anti-idiotype for murine B cell lymphoma. Mechanism of action. (1988)

Combination therapy with syngeneic anti-idiotype antibody and human hybrid rIFN-alpha A/D synergistically increase survival in C3H/HeN mice challenged with a lethal dose of tumor cells. C3H/HeJ mice, which have previously been described to be LPS hyporesponsive and have a defect in Fc gamma R function, did not respond to anti-idiotype therapy as well as C3H/HeN normal mice. This defect was completely corrected in animals treated simultaneously with IFN. Anti-idiotype mAb that was cleaved into F(ab')2 fragments no longer had any antitumor activity alone and could not be enhanced by IFN therapy. These results suggest that antibody is functioning through Fc gamma R-bearing effector cells that are enhanced by IFN therapy. Synergy between IFN and anti-idiotype mAb was maintained in nude mice lacking classical T cells but was reduced in C3H beige mice lacking classical NK/killer cells. IFN did not increase idiotype expression on the tumor cells but did increase H-2 expression. Although we have previously shown that rIFN-alpha A/D can directly kill 38C13 in vitro, an IFN-resistant subclone derived from 38C13, SIR-1, was equally or more responsive to human rIFN-alpha A/D in vivo and had a synergistic antitumor response to combination IFN and anti-idiotype therapy, indicating that IFN acts primarily through host mediated effects rather than direct effects.
Micellar Self-Assembly of Recombinant Resilin-/Elastin-Like Block Copolypeptides (2017)

Reported here is the synthesis of perfectly sequence defined, monodisperse diblock copolypeptides of hydrophilic elastin-like and hydrophobic resilin-like polypeptide blocks and characterization of their self-assembly as a function of structural parameters by light scattering, cryo-TEM, and small-angle neutron scattering. A subset of these diblock copolypeptides exhibit lower critical solution temperature and upper critical solution temperature phase behavior and self-assemble into spherical or cylindrical micelles. Their morphologies are dictated by their chain length, degree of hydrophilicity, and hydrophilic weight fraction of the ELP block. We find that (1) independent of the length of the corona-forming ELP block there is a minimum threshold in the length of the RLP block below which self-assembly does not occur, but that once that threshold is crossed, (2) the RLP block length is a unique molecular parameter to independently tune self-assembly and (3) increasing the hydrophobicity of the corona-forming ELP drives a transition from spherical to cylindrical morphology. Unlike the self-assembly of purely ELP-based block copolymers, the self-assembly of RLP-ELPs can be understood by simple principles of polymer physics relating hydrophilic weight fraction and polymer-polymer and polymer-solvent interactions to micellar morphology, which is important as it provides a route for the de novo design of desired nanoscale morphologies from first principles.
Community Detection Across Emerging Quantum Architectures (2018)

One of the roadmap plans for quantum computers is an integration within HPC ecosystems assigning them a role of accelerators for a variety of computationally hard tasks. However, in the near term, quantum hardware will be in a constant state of change. Heading towards solving real-world problems, we advocate development of portable, architecture-agnostic hybrid quantum-classical frameworks and demonstrate one for the community detection problem evaluated using quantum annealing and gate-based universal quantum computation paradigms.
Enhanced 911/Global Position System Wizard: A Telemedicine Application for the Prevention of Severe Hypoglycemia—Monitor, Alert, and Locate (2009)

Intensive insulin therapy has an inherent risk of hypoglycemia that can lead to loss of consciousness, cardiac arrhythmia, seizure, and death ("dead-in-bed syndrome"). This risk of hypoglycemia is a major concern for patients, families, and physicians. The need for an automated system that can alert in the event of severe hypoglycemia is evident. In engineering systems, where there is a risk of malfunction of the primary control system, alert and safety mechanisms are implemented in layers of protection. This concept has been adopted in the proposed system that integrates a hypoglycemia prediction algorithm with a global position system (GPS) locator and short message service such that the current glucose value with the rate of change (ROC) and the location of the subject can be communicated to a predefined list. Furthermore, if the system is linked to the insulin pump, it can suspend the pump or decrease the basal insulin infusion rate to prevent the pending event. The system was evaluated on clinical datasets of glucose tracings from the DexCom Seven system. Glucose tracings were analyzed for hypoglycemia events and then a text message was broadcast to a predefined list of people who were notified with the glucose value, ROC, GPS coordinates, and a Google map of the location. In addition to providing a safety layer to a future artificial pancreas, this system also can be easily implemented in current continuous glucose monitors to help provide information and alerts to people with diabetes.
New Locking Clutch Turbine Technology Successfully Frees Stuck Bit/BHA in Deep Gas Wells, Oman (2011)

Abstract Drilling hard-rock sequences in northern Oman can present a number of distinct challenges. Operations are frequently hindered by formation breakout in rocks with high confined compressive strengths (15,000-50,000 psi). The problem is exacerbated by highly abrasive formations, extreme bottom hole temperatures (160-175C) and the subsequent deterioration of mud properties at vertical depths of approximately 4500-5500m. The main challenge is bit/bottom hole assembly (BHA) sticking while drilling a tectonically stressed sandstone formation. Formation breakouts that occur at or just above the bit can go unnoticed as drilling progresses and are the main sticking mechanisms responsible for turbine stall. The use of durable impregnated bits and motor/turbine BHA can increase drilling performance. However they bring an increased risk of leaving tools in hole (LIH) because the bit and driveshaft are able to rotate independently of the drillstring in a stuck bit event. A conventional motor/turbine has no reliable mechanism to transfer the available high torque from the drillstring to the bit, leaving axial force (pushing/pulling) as the only means to free a stuck bit/BHA. For this reason, the operator is exploring new technological solutions to reduce non productive time (NPT) associated with stuck events. A recent research and development effort has resulted in a new-style turbine, which in the event of stalling or bit sticking, locks the bit to the body of the drive-system so that drillstring torque can be applied to the bit. Transmission of drillstring torque to the bit significantly increases the chance of freeing a stuck bit/BHA. And instantaneous locking while rotary drilling can reduce the risk of becoming stuck by keeping the bit in motion should the turbine stall. During technology trials in 2010 BHAs in nine deep wells were successfully freed after several stuck events. The authors will provide a BHA schematic and the procedural details that contributed to the successful operations.
Impulse Response Analysis of Coupled-Core 3-Core Fibers (2012)

We report the experimental impulse response of coupled-core 3-core fibers and compare the results against super-mode calculations. We show that for small coupling between cores, the impulse response is dominated by core-to-core variations of the fiber parameters.
A new method of intra-arterial regional chemotherapy with more selective drug delivery for locally advanced pancreatic cancer. (1996)

Comparing with the previously reported data in the traditional chemo- and/or radio-therapies, we consider that our method of intra-arterial chemotherapy is quite useful not only for the prolongation of patient's survival but also for improving the quality of life. Thus, this new treatment seems worthy of entering into the prospective randomized study.
Ubiquitylation-Dependent Negative Regulation of WASp Is Essential for Actin Cytoskeleton Dynamics (2012)

The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp) is a key regulator of actin dynamics during cell motility and adhesion, and mutations in its gene are responsible for Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS). Here, we demonstrate that WASp is ubiquitylated following T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) activation. WASp phosphorylation at tyrosine 291 results in recruitment of the E3 ligase Cbl-b, which, together with c-Cbl, carries out WASp ubiquitylation. Lysine residues 76 and 81, located at the WASp WH1 domain, which contains the vast majority of WASp gene mutations, serve as the ubiquitylation sites. Disruption of WASp ubiquitylation causes WASp accumulation and alters actin dynamics and the formation of actin-dependent structures. Our data suggest that regulated degradation of activated WASp might be an efficient strategy by which the duration and localization of actin rearrangement and the intensity of T-cell activation are controlled.
Fault Monitoring and Diagnosis of Induction Machines Based on Harmonic Wavelet Transform and Wavelet Neural Network (2008)

The fault symptoms of stator winding inter-turn short circuit and rotor bar breakage are analyzed completely in this paper. And a new method for fault diagnosis of broken rotor bar and inter-turn short-circuits in induction machines is presented. The method is based on the analysis of the motor current signature analysis of induction machines using Zoom FFT spectrum analysis, generalized harmonic wavelet transform filter and hybrid particle swarm optimization (HPSO) based wavelet neural network. As an on-line current monitoring and non-invasive detection scheme, the presented method yields a high degree of accuracy in fault identification as evidenced by the given experimental results, which demonstrate that the detection scheme is valid and feasible.
Stereospecific nuclear magnetic resonance assignments of the methyl groups of valine and leucine in the DNA-binding domain of the 434 repressor by biosynthetically directed fractional carbon-13 labeling (1989)

Stereospecific 1H and 13C NMR assignments were made for the two diastereotopic methyl groups of the 14 valyl and leucyl residues in the DNA-binding domain 1-69 of the 434 repressor. These results were obtained with a novel method, biosynthetically directed fractional 13C labeling, which should be quite widely applicable for peptides and proteins. The method is based on the use of a mixture of fully 13C-labeled and unlabeled glucose as the sole carbon source for the biosynthetic production of the protein studied, knowledge of the independently established stereoselectivity of the pathways for valine and leucine biosynthesis, and analysis of the distribution of 13C labels in the valyl and leucyl residues of the product by two-dimensional heteronuclear NMR correlation experiments. Experience gained with the present project and a previous application of the same principles with the cyclic polypeptide cyclosporin A provides a basis for the selection of the optimal NMR experiments to be used in conjunction with biosynthetic fractional 13C labeling of proteins and peptides.
The Miseducation of Welfare Reform: Denying the Promise of Postsecondary Education (2003)

When Congress enacted “welfare reform” in 1996, decades of progress in assisting low-income mothers obtain a college education in order to escape poverty was nearly eradicated. The federal welfare reform law strongly discouraged states from incorporating postsecondary education into their welfare reform programs and focused instead on “work-first” policies. As a direct result, hundreds of thousands of low-income mothers across the country were forced to drop out of college and find jobs in order to comply with strict “work-first” welfare rules. Despite the pressure imposed by the federal law, the State of Maine persevered in its effort to make college a reality for low-income mothers. Advocates in Maine were adamant that welfare reform policies focus on raising families out of poverty and endeavor to change the position of women in the labor market in order to relieve poverty for low-income single mothers. These farsighted views, embodied in the Maine Parents as Scholars program, have paid off for welfare recipients and for the state, with dividends. As the welfare reform law expires, Congress has the opportunity to reverse course and support states in providing access to postsecondary education for welfare recipients. In this paper, we will reveal how “work-first” ideology pushed the merits of postsecondary education for low-income women to the background despite the well-known, intimate relationship between higher education and women's earnings, employment, and well-being. We will highlight the innovative approach taken in Maine to overcome the pressures of the federal welfare reform law and report on positive outcomes for Maine welfare recipients who were able to access higher education despite federal restrictions. Finally, we will explore the current Congressional proposals for renewing the welfare reform law in a manner more conducive to allowing low-income mothers access to education.
Direct Current Electrical Stimulation Increases the Fusion Rate of Spinal Fusion Cages (2000)

Direct current stimulation increased the histologic and biomechanical fusion rate and the speed of healing of lumbar interbody spinal fusion cages in an ovine model at 4 months.
Electroporation of the Vasculature and the Lung (2003)

Electroporation has proven to be a highly effective technique for the in vivo delivery of genes to a number of solid tissues. In most of the reported methods, DNA is injected into the target tissue and electrodes are placed directly on or in the tissue for application of the electric field. While this works well for solid tissues, there are many tissues and organs that are not amenable to such an approach. In this review I will focus on the development of electroporation protocols for two such tissues: the vasculature and the lung. Several methods for in vivo electroporation of the vasculature have been developed in recent years that deliver DNA to vessel segments from either the inside or outside of the vessel. The advantages and disadvantages of each are discussed, as are the applications for which they have been used. In more recent work, our laboratory has developed a novel method to deliver genes to the rodent lung that results in high level, uniform, gene expression throughout all cell types of the lung. Most importantly, this technique is safe, and causes no inflammatory response or alterations in normal physiology of the organs. Taken together, these studies demonstrate the utility of electroporation for gene transfer to non injectible tissues.
The role of hyaluronan in tumour neovascularization (review) (1995)

Tumour growth and metastasis are totally dependant upon neovascularization. The target cell for tumour neovascularization is the blood-vessel endothelial cell, and specific angiogenic molecules produced or induced by the tumour are believed to initiate the process. In this report, we review one of these angiogenic molecules, the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA), which appears to have differing roles in neovascularization depending on its molecular mass. High-molecular-mass HA is anti-angiogenic whereas oligosaccharides of HA, of specific size, actively stimulate endothelial-cell proliferation and migration, 2 of the key events associated with neovascularization, and induce angiogenesis in vivo. We provide details of the action of HA oligosaccharides on endothelial cells, from binding to cell-surface receptors, through activation of signal transduction pathways and gene expression to protein synthesis, cell proliferation and cell migration. We also suggest a model to account for HA of differing molecular mass being present, at different locations, within a single tumour and how this HA aids both general tumour growth and tumour metastasis.