gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Subwavelength metallic waveguides loaded by uniaxial resonant scatterers (2005)

The dispersion properties of rectangular metallic waveguides periodically loaded by uniaxial resonant scatterers are studied with help of an analytical theory based on the local field approach, the dipole approximation, and the method of images. The cases of both magnetic and electric uniaxial scatterers with both longitudinal and transverse orientations with respect to the waveguide axis are considered. It is shown that in all considered cases waveguides support propagating modes below the cutoff of the hollow waveguide within some frequency bands near the resonant frequency of the individual scatterers. The modes are forward ones except the case of transversely oriented magnetic scatterers when the mode turns out to be backward. The described effects can be applied for the miniaturization of the guiding structures.
Regulation of glutathione levels in mouse spleen lymphocytes by transport of cysteine (1987)

Cysteine and cystine transport activities of resting and activated mouse spleen lymphocytes were characterized in order to examine the contributions of cysteine and cystine to intracellular glutathione contents. Following stimulation with lipopolysaccharide, the lymphocytes markedly increased their capacity to transport cysteine. The uptake of cysteine was mediated mainly by the ASC system (Na+-dependent neutral amino acid transport system especially reactive with alanine, serine, and cysteine). On the other hand, both the resting and the activated lymphocytes had extremely low cystine transport activities. Because of the instability of cysteine, the culture media usually contained cystine but not cysteine. Therefore, both the resting and the activated lymphocytes rapidly decreased their glutathione contents owing to their poor capacities to take up cystine. The effects of freshly added cysteine on the cellular glutathione contents were examined in the presence of bathocuproinedisulfonate, a nontoxic copper-specific chelator that inhibits autoxidation of cysteine. Cysteine added at 25-400 microM only partially prevented the rapid decrease of the glutathione contents in fresh resting lymphocytes. In the lipopolysaccharide-activated cells, however, cysteine enhanced the cellular glutathione contents in a dose-dependent manner. These results indicate that the enhanced activity of the ASC system increases the level of intracellular glutathione in the presence of cysteine.
Isolation and oxidation-reduction of methylviologen cation radicals. Novel disproportionation in charge-transfer salts by x-ray crystallography (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIsolation and oxidation-reduction of methylviologen cation radicals. Novel disproportionation in charge-transfer salts by x-ray crystallographyT. M. Bockman and J. K. KochiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 13, 4127–4135Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00300a033https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00300a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4043Altmetric-Citations271LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Total Synthesis of the Microtubule-Stabilizing Agent (−)-Laulimalide (2001)

[structure: see text] The total synthesis of the potent microtubule-stabilizing anticancer agent (-)-laulimalide has been achieved in 27 steps and 2.9% overall yield. Notable features are the use of Jacobsen HDA chemistry for the enantioselective construction of the side chain dihydropyran, a diastereoselective aldol coupling using chiral boron enolate methodology, a Mitsunobu macrolactonization, and a Sharpless AE to introduce the epoxide onto des-epoxy-laulimalide.
Structure Determination of T Cell Protein-tyrosine Phosphatase (2002)

Protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) has recently received much attention as a potential drug target in type 2 diabetes. This has in particular been spurred by the finding that PTP1B knockout mice show increased insulin sensitivity and resistance to diet-induced obesity. Surprisingly, the highly homologous T cell protein-tyrosine phosphatase (TC-PTP) has received much less attention, and no x-ray structure has been provided. We have previously co-crystallized PTP1B with a number of low molecular weight inhibitors that inhibit TC-PTP with similar efficiency. Unexpectedly, we were not able to co-crystallize TC-PTP with the same set of inhibitors. This seems to be due to a multimerization process where residues 130-132, the DDQ loop, from one molecule is inserted into the active site of the neighboring molecule, resulting in a continuous string of interacting TC-PTP molecules. Importantly, despite the high degree of functional and structural similarity between TC-PTP and PTP1B, we have been able to identify areas close to the active site that might be addressed to develop selective inhibitors of each enzyme.
Two-stage Genome-wide Methylation Profiling in Childhood-onset Crohnʼs Disease Implicates Epigenetic Alterations at the VMP1/MIR21 and HLA Loci (2014)

We demonstrate highly significant and replicable differences in DNA methylation in CD, defining the disease-associated epigenome. The data strongly implicate known GWAS loci, with compelling evidence implicating MIR21 and the HLA region.
20Gbps C-Based Complex Event Processing (2011)

This paper presents the world's fastest complex event processing system, designed to process a large number of events on FPGAs. Unlike conventional SQL-based approaches, our approach features logic automation constructed with a new C-based event language that supports regular expressions on the basis of C functions, so that a wide variety of event-processing applications can be efficiently mapped to FPGAs. Evaluations on an FPGA-based NIC show that we have achieved 20Gbps event processing performance in a financial trading application with only a small logic increase, 2.7%.
Nucleotide sequence of initiator tRNA from<i>Mycobacterium smegmatis</i> (1984)

The nucleotide sequence of initiator tRNA from Mycobacterium smegmatis was determined to be pCGCGGGGUGGAGCAGCUCGGDAGCUCGCUGGGCUCAUAACCCAGAGm7GUCG CAGGU psi CGm1AAUCCUGUCCCCGCUACCAOH . The nucleotide sequence of Mycobacterium initiator tRNA was found to be the same as that of Streptomyces initiator tRNA, except that G46 and A57 were replaced by m7G46 and G57 , respectively. The striking feature of Mycobacterium initiator tRNA is the absence of ribothymidine at residue 54, and the presence of 1-methyladenosine at residue 58 which makes the sequence of this tRNA similar to that of eukaryotic initiator tRNA.
Therapeutic Efficacy of Topically Applied KP-103 against Experimental Tinea Unguium in Guinea Pigs in Comparison with Amorolfine and Terbinafine (2002)

The therapeutic efficacy of KP-103, a novel topical triazole, in a guinea pig tinea unguium model was investigated. Experimental tinea unguium and tinea pedis were produced by inoculation of Trichophyton mentagrophytes SM-110 between the toes of the hind paw of guinea pigs. One percent solution (0.1 ml) of KP-103, amorolfine, or terbinafine was topically applied to the nails and whole sole of an infected foot once daily for 30 consecutive days, and terbinafine was also orally administered at a daily dose of 40 mg/kg of body weight for 30 consecutive days, starting on day 60 postinfection. The fungal burdens of nails and plantar skin were assessed using a new method, which makes it possible to recover infecting fungi by removing a carryover of the drug remaining in the treated tissues into the culture medium. Topically applied KP-103 inhibited the development of nail collapse, significantly reduced the fungal burden of the nails, and sterilized the infected plantar skin. On the other hand, topical amorolfine and topical or oral terbinafine were ineffective for tinea unguium, although these drugs eradicated or reduced the fungal burden of plantar skin. The in vitro activities of amorolfine and terbinafine against T. mentagrophytes SM-110 were 8- and 32-fold, respectively, decreased by the addition of 5% keratin to Sabouraud dextrose broth medium. In contrast, the activity of KP-103 was not affected by keratin because its keratin affinity is lower than those of the reference drugs, suggesting that KP-103 largely exists in the nails as an active form that was not bound to keratin and diffuses in the nail without being trapped by keratin. The effectiveness of KP-103 against tinea unguium is probably due to its favorable pharmacokinetic properties in the nails together with its potent antifungal activity.
Tissue engineering approaches to develop cultured meat from cells: A mini review (2017)

Cultured meat production is an innovative and emerging process to produce animal meat in laboratories, using tissue-engineering techniques. This novel approach to produce meat involves in vitro culture of the animal muscle tissues rather than rearing whole animals to obtain animal flesh for consumption. Conventional meat production results in several adverse consequences such as poor nutritional value of meat, food-borne diseases, depletion of environmental resources, pollution etc., associated with animal slaughter. Cultured meat, on the other hand, is essentially an animal-free harvest produced in controlled conditions. Cultured meat can provide healthier, safer, and disease-free meat to consumers, as well as mitigate the negative environmental effects associated with traditional meat production. Academically, this new method is considered adequately efficient to supply meat and meat products to consumers. However, in vitro cultured meat production is still in the early stages of development and requires in-depth research and advanced technical skills for optimized production and commercialization. This review focuses on the history and development of cultured meat production, with insights on the advantages, consequences, and potential of animal-free meat harvest.
Effective estimation of speed and rotor position of a PM synchronous motor drive by a Kalman filtering technique (2003)

The estimation of the speed and the rotor position of a permanent magnet synchronous motor drive by means of a stochastic filtering technique is considered. The proposed estimation algorithm does not require knowledge of the mechanical parameters and initial rotor position, thus overcoming two of the biggest drawbacks of the speed and position estimation systems already developed. In addition, the estimation algorithm is merged with a predictive algorithm for the control of the motor currents. The two algorithms share some routines, which reduces the computational burden.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Akt Suppresses Apoptosis by Stimulating the Transactivation Potential of the RelA/p65 Subunit of NF-κB (2000)

It is well established that cell survival signals stimulated by growth factors, cytokines, and oncoproteins are initiated by phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)- and Akt-dependent signal transduction pathways. Oncogenic Ras, an upstream activator of Akt, requires NF-κB to initiate transformation, at least partially through the ability of NF-κB to suppress transformation-associated apoptosis. In this study, we show that oncogenic H-Ras requires PI3K and Akt to stimulate the transcriptional activity of NF-κB. Activated forms of H-Ras and MEKK stimulate signals that result in nuclear translocation and DNA binding of NF-κB as well as stimulation of the NF-κB transactivation potential. In contrast, activated PI3K or Akt stimulates NF-κB-dependent transcription by stimulating transactivation domain 1 of the p65 subunit rather than inducing NF-κB nuclear translocation via IκB degradation. Inhibition of IκB kinase (IKK), using an IKKβ dominant negative protein, demonstrated that activated Akt requires IKK to efficiently stimulate the transactivation domain of the p65 subunit of NF-κB. Inhibition of endogenous Akt activity sensitized cells to H-Ras(V12)-induced apoptosis, which was associated with a loss of NF-κB transcriptional activity. Finally, Akt-transformed cells were shown to require NF-κB to suppress the ability of etoposide to induce apoptosis. Our work demonstrates that, unlike activated Ras, which can stimulate parallel pathways to activate both DNA binding and the transcriptional activity of NF-κB, Akt stimulates NF-κB predominantly by upregulating of the transactivation potential of p65.
Sharpness measure: towards automatic image enhancement (2005)

We propose a measure for image sharpness, which facilitates automatic image sharpness enhancement. This way blurry images will be sharpened more whereas sufficiently sharp images will not be sharpened at all. The measure employs localized frequency content analysis in a feature-based context. The proposed sharpness measure correlates well with perceived sharpness, and is to a large degree invariant to image content. Furthermore, we show that the proposed measure can be used to drive an enhancement algorithm, which will sharpen an input image to a nominal measure. Last but not least, the proposed sharpness measure is computationally efficient, and requires fewer computations than a 3/spl times/3 convolution.
Cyclophosphamide enhances glioma virotherapy by inhibiting innate immune responses (2006)

Clinical trials are testing oncolytic viruses (OVs) as therapies for cancer. We have shown that animals that have brain tumors and are treated with a herpes simplex virus (HSV)-derived OV live significantly longer when cyclophosphamide (CPA) is preadministered. Here, we explore the mechanisms behind this finding. In a syngeneic rat glioma model, intratumoral HSV administration is associated with rapid increase of natural killer cells, microglia/macrophages (CD68+ and CD163+), and IFN-gamma. Pretreatment with CPA enhances HSV replication and oncolysis and reduces an HSV-mediated increase in CD68+ and CD163+ cells and intratumoral IFN-gamma. Molecular imaging shows CPA pretreatment to inhibit HSV-induced infiltration of tumor-associated phagocytic cells. Our results reveal molecular and cellular mechanisms that inhibit intratumoral spread of HSV and suggest a therapeutic path for improving the efficacy of virotherapy as a treatment for cancer.
Will Any Crap We Put into Graphene Increase Its Electrocatalytic Effect? (2020)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVPerspectiveNEXTWill Any Crap We Put into Graphene Increase Its Electrocatalytic Effect?Lu WangLu WangMaterials Chemistry and Nanochemistry Research Group, Solar Fuels Cluster, Departments of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, CanadaMore by Lu Wanghttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-4165-4022, Zdenek SoferZdenek SoferCenter for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 5, Praha 6 166 28, Czech RepublicMore by Zdenek Soferhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-1391-4448, and Martin Pumera*Martin PumeraCenter for Advanced Functional Nanorobots, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 5, Praha 6 166 28, Czech RepublicFlexible Wearable Electronics (WearoniX) Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 656/123, Brno CZ-616 00, Czech RepublicDepartment of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan*Email: [email protected]More by Martin Pumerahttp://orcid.org/0000-0001-5846-2951Cite this: ACS Nano 2020, 14, 1, 21–25Publication Date (Web):January 14, 2020Publication History Published online14 January 2020Published inissue 28 January 2020https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsnano.9b00184https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.9b00184review-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2020 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views273524Altmetric-Citations154LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (5 MB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Doping,Elements,Evolution reactions,Redox reactions,Two dimensional materials Get e-Alerts
The role of inflammation and cytokines in the pathogenesis of tendinopathy (2012)

Tendon disorders - tendinopathies - are the primary reason form musculoskeletal consultation in primary care in the UK and the US. The molecular pathophysiology of tendinopathy remains difficult to interpret while inflammation and its role in tendinopathy have been historically ignored due to its absence in human surgical specimens. This thesis explores the role of inflammation in human tendinopathy and dissects potential molecular pathways involved in its initiation and perpetuation. Firstly I characterize inflammatory cell subtypes within a model of human tendinopathy highlighting a distinct inflammatory infiltrate particularly of mast cells and macrophages. Hypoxia and hypoxic cell death have been a long considered aetiology of tendon degeneration. In this thesis I demonstrate that hypoxia related proteins are present in early tendinopathy biopsies and thereafter in mechanistic studies demonstrate that hypoxia regulates inflammatory and apoptotic mediators in tendon cells associated with a significant shift in collagen matrix synthesis. The cytokines, interleukins 17 and 33 are emerging inflammatory mediators known to play key roles in fibroblast biology. I explored the cellular sources of IL- 17A in human tendinopathy with experiments revealing the majority of IL17A colocalised to mast cells. Moreover IL-17A induced proinflammatory cytokines and apoptosis in vitro and again resulted in a significant switch in collagen extracellular matrix production. IL 33 is a new member of the IL-1 superfamily that signals through the ST2 receptor. Herein I demonstrate that IL-33 expression is up regulated in human tendinopathic biopsies whilst rhIL-33 promotes proinflammatory cytokine release and significantly shifts matrix production toward a collagen III phenotype. WT mice undergoing a tendon injury model showed significant up regulation of IL-33 and ST2 while ST2-/- mice exhibit a reduced collagen response and biomechanical tendon strength at early time points post injury Addition of rh-IL33 increased type III collagen production and reduced the biomechanical strength of WT tendons. Furthermore mechanistic investigations has highlighted a key role for the microRNA 29 family in the modulation of collagen regulation in tendinopathy but also in controlling IL-33 induced changes as a direct target of sST2. Based on these experiments I propose IL-33 as an important and influential alarmin in early tendon injury and tendinopathy, which may be influential in the balance between reparation and degeneration in tendon disease.
A new approach for stereoselective synthesis of .gamma.-butyrolactones (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA new approach for stereoselective synthesis of .gamma.-butyrolactonesYoshihiko Ito, Hidehito Kato, and Takeo SaegusaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 4, 741–743Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00343a030https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00343a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views428Altmetric-Citations66LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Synthesis and Characterization of pH- and Temperature-Sensitive Poly(methacrylic acid)/Poly(<i>N</i>-isopropylacrylamide) Interpenetrating Polymeric Networks (1999)

Hydrogels of an interpenetrating polymeric network (IPN) composed of the temperature-sensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) and the pH-sensitive poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) were prepared by a sequential UV polymerization method. The IPN hydrogels were characterized for their temperature- and pH-responsive behavior by equilibrium swelling studies, oscillatory swelling studies, and differential scanning calorimetry. The permeability of these IPNs has been investigated under various pH and temperature conditions. The results showed that these hydrogels exhibited a combined pH- and temperature-sensitivity at a temperature range of 31−32 °C and a pH value of approximately 5.5. Permeation study results indicate a significant size exclusion behavior while model drugs with different sizes permeate through the IPN membranes. The permeability of the IPN membrane can be significantly affected by varying the pH and temperature conditions.
Kalman Filter Formulations for Transfer Alignment of Strapdown Inertial Units (1983)

Formulations of Kalman filters are presented which are capable of aligning one strapdown inertial sensor assembly with another by estimating the misalignment angle between them. One formulation treats the case of a fixed misalignment. Another treats the case of a dynamic misalignment, caused, say, by bending of the common supporting body. Measurements can be made by gyros only, or by gyros plus accelerometers. Filters which estimate inertial sensor error parameters are also discussed.