gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bragg grating fast tunable filter for wavelength division multiplexing (1999)

A Bragg grating fast tunable filter prototype working over a linear tuning range of 45 nm with a maximum tuning speed of 21 nm/ms has been realized. The tunable filter system is based on two piezoelectric stack actuators moving a mechanical device thus compressing an apodized fiber Bragg grating. The filter allows both traction and compression and can work in transmission and in reflection. It is designed to work with a channel spacing of 100 GHz according to the ITU specifications for wavelength division multiplexing systems.
Mitigating Spam Using Spatio-Temporal Reputation (2010)

In this paper we present Preventive Spatio-Temporal Aggregation (PRESTA), a reputation model that combines spatial and temporal features to produce values that are behavior predictive and useful in partial-knowledge situations. To evaluate its effectiveness, we applied PRESTA in the domain of spam detection. Studying the temporal properties of IP blacklists, we found that 25% of IP addresses once listed on a blacklist were re-listed within 10 days. Further, during our evaluation period over 45% of IPs de-listed were re-listed. By using the IP address assignment hierarchy to define spatial groupings and leveraging these temporal statistics, PRESTA produces reputation values that correctly classify up to 50% of spam email not identified by blacklists alone, while maintaining low false-positive rates. When used in conjunction with blacklists, an average of 93% of spam emails are identified, and we find the system is consistent in maintaining this blockage rate even during periods of decreased blacklist performance. PRESTA spam filtering can be employed as an intermediate filter (perhaps in-network) prior to context-based analysis. Further, our spam detection system is scalable; computation can occur in near real-time and over 500,000 emails can be scored an hour.
Toxicity of silver nanoparticles in human macrophages: uptake, intracellular distribution and cellular responses (2011)

Silver nanoparticles (SNP) are among the most commercialized nanoparticles\nworldwide. They can be found in many diverse products, mostly because of their\nantibacterial properties. Despite its widespread use only little data on\npossible adverse health effects exist. It is difficult to compare biological\ndata from different studies due to the great variety in sizes, coatings or\nshapes of the particles. Here, we applied a novel synthesis approach to obtain\nSNP, which are covalently stabilized by a small peptide. This enables a tight\ncontrol of both size and shape. We applied these SNP in two different sizes of\n20 or 40 nm (Ag20Pep and Ag40Pep) and analyzed responses of THP-1-derived\nhuman macrophages. Similar gold nanoparticles with the same coating (Au20Pep)\nwere used for comparison and found to be non-toxic. We assessed the\ncytotoxicity of particles and confirmed their cellular uptake via transmission\nelectron microscopy and confocal Raman microscopy. Importantly a majority of\nthe SNP could be detected as individual particles spread throughout the cells.\nFurthermore we studied several types of oxidative stress related responses\nsuch as induction of heme oxygenase I or formation of protein carbonyls. In\nsummary, our data demonstrate that even low doses of SNP exerted adverse\neffects in human macrophages.
Purification and characterization of alliin lyase from Welsh onion, Allium fistulosum L. (1990)

Purification and Characterization of Alliin Lyase from Welsh Onion, Allium fistulosum L. Get access Masayuki Fujita, Masayuki Fujita Laboratory of Food Hygienics, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-07, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Masako Endo, Masako Endo Laboratory of Food Hygienics, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-07, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Mihoko Sano Mihoko Sano Laboratory of Food Hygienics, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-07, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 54, Issue 4, 1 April 1990, Pages 1077–1079, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1990.10870061 Published: 01 April 1990 Article history Received: 11 October 1989 Published: 01 April 1990
Prolonging cell-free protein synthesis with a novel ATP regeneration system (1999)

A new approach for the regeneration of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) during cell-free protein synthesis was developed to prolong the synthesis and also to avoid the accumulation of inorganic phosphate. This approach was demonstrated in a batch system derived from Escherichia coli. Contrary to the conventional methods in which exogenous energy sources contain high-energy phosphate bonds, the new system was designed to generate continuously the required high-energy phosphate bonds within the reaction mixture, thereby recycling the phosphate released during protein synthesis. If allowed to accumulate, phosphate inhibits protein synthesis, most likely by reducing the concentration of free magnesium ion. Pediococcus sp. pyruvate oxidase, when introduced in the reaction mixture along with thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), catalyzed the generation of acetyl phosphate from pyruvate and inorganic phosphate. Acetyl kinase, already present with sufficient activity in Escherichia coli S30 extract, then catalyzed the regeneration of ATP. Oxygen is required for the generation of acetyl phosphate and the H(2)O(2) produced as a byproduct is sufficiently degraded by endogenous catalase activity. Through the continuous supply of chemical energy, and also through the prevention of inorganic phosphate accumulation, the duration of protein synthesis is extended up to 2 h. Protein accumulation levels also increase. The synthesis of human lymphotoxin receives greater benefit than than that of chloramphenicol acetyl transferase, because the former is more sensitive to phosphate inhibition. Finally, through repeated addition of pyruvate and amino acids during the reaction period, protein synthesis continued for 6 h in the new system, resulting in a final yield of 0.7 mg/mL.
Conformational influences of glycosylation of a peptide: A possible model for the effect of glycosylation on the rate of protein folding (1996)

Improved strategies for synthesis make it possible to expand the range of glycopeptides available for detailed conformational studies. The glycopeptide 1 was synthesized using a new solid phase synthesis of carbohydrates and a convergent coupling to peptide followed by deprotection. Its conformational properties were subjected to NMR analysis and compared with a control peptide 2 prepared by conventional solid phase methods. Whereas peptide 2 fails to manifest any appreciable secondary structure, the glycopeptide 1 does show considerable conformational bias suggestive of an equilibrium between an ordered and a random state. The implications of this ordering effect for the larger issue of protein folding are considered.
The new aspects of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. (2000)

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARS) are essential proteins found in all living organisms. They form a diverse group of enzymes that ensure the fidelity of transfer of genetic information from the DNA into the protein. AARS catalyse the attachment of amino acids to transfer RNAs and thereby establish the rules of the genetic code by virtue of matching the nucleotide triplet of the anticodon with its cognate amino acid. Here we summarise the effects of recent studies on this interesting family of multifunctional enzymes.
Prevalence of Biofilm-forming Bacteria in Chronic Rhinosinusitis (2008)

We show a high percentage of CRS patients (28.6%) whose sinonasal mucopurulence has biofilm-forming capacity. Postsurgical patients had a high prevalence of biofilm-forming bacteria, a possible reflection of the severe nature of their disease. Additional studies are warranted.
Differentiated Rat Glial Cell Strain in Tissue Culture (1968)

Rat glial tumors, induced by injections of N-nitrosomethylurea, were plated and propagated in culture. Among a few cell strains obtained, one clone contains S-100 protein, which is unique to brain in vertebrates. Stationary-phase cultures contain approximately ten times more S-100 protein per cell than exponentially growing cells. When injected into newborn rats, cells producing S-100 grew as a glial tumor, which contained S-100 protein.
AC electrokinetics: applications for nanotechnology (2000)

The phenomena of dielectrophoresis and electrorotation, collectively referred to as AC electrokinetics, have been used for many years to study, manipulate and separate particles on the cellular (1 µm or more) scale. However, the technique has much to offer the expanding field of nanotechnology, that is the precise manipulation of particles on the nanometre scale. In this paper we present the principles of AC electrokinetics for particle manipulation, review the current state of AC electrokinetic techniques for the manipulation of particles on the nanometre scale, and consider how these principles may be applied to nanotechnology.
Optimal path placement for kinematically redundant manipulators (2002)

The problem of path placement for redundant manipulators is discussed. This includes the problem of where to place the art and other components (such as other robots, tables, or machining stations) relative to each other and how to resolve the redundancies of the system and process in an optimal fashion. The method developed involves assigning a variable to each degree of freedom of the transforms which define the system (i.e. to the system redundancies). These variables are then used to incorporate the path constraints of the robot into the cost function to be minimized. The resulting unconstrained minimization problem is numerically solved. This method is applied to a system of three cooperating robots, and results are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Conventional blood banking and blood component storage regulation: opportunities for improvement. (2010)

Blood banking is a medical logistic activity. It attempts to bring the potentially life-saving benefits of transfusion to the patients who need them by making blood components available, safe, effective and cheap1. Blood banks try to maximize delivering getting blood from the right donors to the right patients in a timely manner. The easiest way to assure the timely availability of blood is to have an appropriate inventory on the shelf at all times.

Standards for blood banking have evolved in response to problems observed in the past2. Donors need to be free of syphilis, hepatitis, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and from a host of other diseases as well. Methods for cleaning the arms of donors should work. Blood bags should contain the appropriate solutions and be sterile. Systems for the identification of donors and patients, for the determination of antigens on their blood cells and the antibodies in their sera, and for the procedures and processes used to gather and maintain this information should be robust.

Regulatory agencies, like the United States (U.S.) Food and Drug Administration (FDA), are charged to assure that blood products are safe and effective3. They attempt to assure safety by enforcing the standards noted above. They attempt to assure effectiveness by demanding demonstrations that a reasonable fraction of red cells, platelets and plasma proteins survive after storage before licensing new blood storage systems or blood modifying products like leukocyte reduction filters4,5. Yet the reasonable fraction for red cells is 75%, for platelets is 67%, and for plasma proteins is 80%. Standards, such as insisting that every unit of blood be tested for HIV, work only if the licensed tests detect the circulating viruses, a moving target.

Better understanding of the basic biology and better tests on which to base better standards are needed. If we understood the changes that occur with the storage of red cells, platelets and plasma better, we could both design better storage systems and regulate storage more effectively. If we knew more about the viruses and bacteria and the cytokines and blood breakdown products that threaten blood safety we could institute controls to further improve blood safety. This paper will explore some specific examples.
Relation between homocysteinaemia and diabetic neuropathy in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (2001)

The data indicate that homocysteine is independently associated with the prevalence of diabetic neuropathy in a collective of Type 2 diabetic patients. A larger, prospective study would be desirable to clarify the role of homocysteine in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy.
The relationship between religious knowledge and dogmatism in college students (2003)

The relationship between general knowledge of world religions and dogmatism was investigated in a group of college students in Tennessee. Knowledge of world religions was assessed with a written survey and the scores were compared to scores on the Rokeach Dogmatism Scale. Dogmatism is a reluctance to accept new ideas outside of one's own belief or disbeliefs. The results supported the hypothesis that individuals with high levels of dogmatism would also have low levels of knowledge about religious traditions other than their own. Additional analysis indicated that people who identify themselves as more spiritual than religious had lower dogmatism scores and higher religious knowledge scores than those identifying themselves as more religious than spiritual. In addition, self-described conservative individuals were more open-minded than selfdescribed liberals. In addition, individuals with high levels of dogmatism tended to be members of the same religious tradition as their parents. There appears to be a correlation between dogmatism and liberal or conservative beliefs.
Identification and functional characterization of thioredoxin of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (1995)

We have previously described a Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein designated MPT46 that was present in culture filtrates. Here we report that the MPT46 protein is thioredoxin of M. tuberculosis. MPT46 is recognized by antibodies to thioredoxin (Trx) of Escherichia coli, and antibodies of MPT46 recognize Mycobacterium leprae Trx. Moreover, MPT46 was shown to have enzymatic activity identical to that of Trx of other species, such as its ability to reduce insulin. These findings identify MPT46 as a functionally active Trx.
Auger recombination in a quantum-well-heterostructure laser (1985)

The problem of Auger recombination of electrons and holes in a quantum-well heterostructure is considered. We derive an expression for the Auger recombination rate for the CHSH process, with the carriers involved remaining in their ground-state subbands. We make the usual approximations of parabolic isotropic bandstructures, and assume Boltzmann statistics are valid. Our results are used to obtain the ratio of the Auger recombination rates in quantum well and bulk structures, and the ratio obtained provides a useful extension of previous work. For quantum-well lasers at 1.3 μm and 1.55 μm, we find that the Auger recombination rates are similar to those found in the bulk, provided that the carrier concentrations in the quantum well and the bulk are the same.
Transmit gain calibration for nonproton MR using the Bloch–Siegert shift (2011)

Transmit gain (B 1+) calibration is necessary for the adjustment of radiofrequency (RF) power levels to the desired flip angles. In proton MRI, this is generally an automated process before the actual scan without any user interaction. For other nuclei, it is usually time consuming and difficult, especially in the case of hyperpolarised MR. In the current work, transmit gain calibration was implemented on the basis of the Bloch-Siegert phase shift. From the same data, the centre frequency, line broadening and SNR could also be determined. The T(1) and B(0) insensitivity, and the wide range of B 1+ over which this technique is effective, make it well suited for nonproton applications. Examples are shown for hyperpolarised (13)C and (3)He applications.
Index matching silicone for optoelectronic applications (2007)

Although silicone technology has existed for over 5 decades, this unique material continues to find usage in new applications. Its unique chemical and physical characteristics allow its usage as fuel resistant gaskets, biologically compatible for us in medical devices in the body, coatings for Atomic Oxygen protection in space, and for interocular lenses for cataract disease. This paper will examine various silicones as effective encapsulants and lenses for High Brightness LEDs (HB LEDs). Physical and optical characteristics will be tested to determine which materials may prove to be the best.
ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 antisense oligonucleotides attenuate in vivo leucocyte adherence and inflammation in rat inflammatory bowel disease (2002)

Both ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 2'-O-methoxyethyl chimeric antisense oligonucleotides attenuate rat ileitis by downregulation of leucocyte adherence and thus are potential candidates for anti-inflammatory treatment in inflammatory bowel disease.
Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers for Optical Data Storage (1996)

The application of vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) diodes for optical data storage has been investigated. VCSELs suitable for compact disc optical heads have been designed and fabricated. A photo diode for optical power monitoring is integrated in a VCSEL chip, and a holographic optical head using VCSEL is also manufactured. Single transverse mode operation up to 1.5 mW shows good performance.
Large developing axonal arbors using a distributed and locally-reprogrammable address-event receiver (2008)

We have designed a distributed and locally reprogrammable address event receiver. Incoming address-events are monitored simultaneously by all synapses, allowing for arbitrarily large axonal fan-out without reducing channel capacity. Synapses can change input address, allowing neurons to implement a biologically realistic learning rule locally, with both synapse formation and elimination.
Mapping the Structural Core of Human Cerebral Cortex (2008)

Structurally segregated and functionally specialized regions of the human cerebral cortex are interconnected by a dense network of cortico-cortical axonal pathways. By using diffusion spectrum imaging, we noninvasively mapped these pathways within and across cortical hemispheres in individual human participants. An analysis of the resulting large-scale structural brain networks reveals a structural core within posterior medial and parietal cerebral cortex, as well as several distinct temporal and frontal modules. Brain regions within the structural core share high degree, strength, and betweenness centrality, and they constitute connector hubs that link all major structural modules. The structural core contains brain regions that form the posterior components of the human default network. Looking both within and outside of core regions, we observed a substantial correspondence between structural connectivity and resting-state functional connectivity measured in the same participants. The spatial and topological centrality of the core within cortex suggests an important role in functional integration.
Apical Corneal Barrier Disruption in Experimental Murine Dry Eye Is Abrogated by Methylprednisolone and Doxycycline (2006)

To evaluate the mechanism of apical corneal epithelial barrier disruption in response to experimental ocular surface desiccation and the effects of two anti-inflammatory agents (methylprednisolone and doxycycline) on this process.Experimental dry eye (EDE) was created in C57BL/6 mice, without or with topical therapy, 1% methylprednisolone, 0.025% doxycycline, or physiologic saline solution (PSS) four times per day. Corneal smoothness and Oregon green dextran (OGD) permeability were assessed. Desquamation of and cornified envelope protein (involucrin and small proline-rich protein [SPRR]-2) expression by the corneal epithelium was evaluated by laser scanning confocal microscopy. Levels of cornified envelope proteins mRNA were measured by real-time PCR.Corneal OGD permeability, surface irregularity, and the number of desquamating apical corneal epithelia significantly increased in EDE. Desiccating stress significantly increased expression of involucrin and SPRR-2 in the corneal epithelia. Treatment of EDE with methylprednisolone or doxycycline reduced corneal permeability to OGD, improved corneal smoothness, and decreased involucrin and SPRR-2 immunoreactivity compared with EDE+PSS.Disruption of apical corneal epithelial barrier function in dry eye is accompanied by increased apical desquamation and increased expression of cornified envelope proteins. Topical treatment of EDE with the anti-inflammatory agents methylprednisolone or doxycycline preserves apical corneal barrier function.
Magnetic alignment of mesophase pitch-based carbon fibers (1996)

Mesophase pitch-based carbon fibers (MPCFs) have recently been developed for use as high performance anode materials in Li ion secondary batteries, having a microscopic as well as macroscopic structure especially suitable for Li storage. Because of the highly anisotropic diamagnetic moment observed between 50 and 310 K in pristine milled MPCF segments, they can easily be oriented parallel to an applied magnetic field, as observed by scanning electron microscopy. A simple model is proposed to explain both the observed alignment of undoped fibers and the suppression of alignment in B-doped MPCFs for relatively small applied magnetic fields, because of their smaller diamagnetic moment.
Fluoxetine versus amitriptyline in the treatment of major depression with associated anxiety (anxious depression): a double-blind comparison (1999)

Although common in clinical settings, major depressive disorder with associated anxious symptoms ('anxious depression') has not been well studied in antidepressant clinical trials. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of fluoxetine versus amitriptyline in this group of patients. After a single-blind placebo run-in period of 2 weeks, patients were treated on a double-blind basis with fluoxetine or amitriptyline for 8 weeks. Assessment instruments included: 21-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety, Clinical Global Impressions, Raskin Depression Scale and Covi Anxiety Scale. A total of 157 patients were randomized to either fluoxetine or amitriptyline. Fluoxetine was given at a fixed dose of 20 mg/day and amitriptyline was given in a range of 50-250 mg/day (mean of 138.1 mg/day). Fluoxetine was comparable to amitriptyline in all efficacy measures except the HAMD sleep factor. Unwanted effects were more frequent and more severe in the amitriptyline-treated patients. Fluoxetine was comparably efficacious to amitriptyline in the treatment of major depression with associated anxiety. Since fluoxetine was far better tolerated, it is a promising alternative for this frequent and disabling condition.