gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Scalable, Low-Energy Hybrid Photonic Space Switch (2013)

A scalable monolithically integrated photonic space switch is proposed which uses a combination of Mach-Zehnder modulators and semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) for improved crosstalk performance and reduced switch loss. This architecture enables the design of high-capacity, high-speed, large-port count, low-energy switches. Extremely low crosstalk of better than -50 dB can be achieved using a 2 × 2 dilated hybrid switch module. A “building block” approach is applied to make large port count optical switches possible. Detailed physical layer multiwavelength simulations are used to investigate the viability of a 64 × 64 port switch. Optical signal degradation is estimated as a function of switch size and waveguide induced crosstalk. A comparison between hybrid and SOA switching fabrics highlights the power-efficient, high-performance nature of the hybrid switch design, which consumes less than one-third of the energy of an equivalent SOA-based switch. The significantly reduced impairments resulting from this switch design enable scaling of the port count, compared to conventional SOA-based switches.
Thermoelectric, thermionic and thermophotovoltaic energy conversion (2005)

Key characteristics of thermoelectric, ballistic thermionic and quasi diffusive thermionic energy converters are compared. First, the main assumptions used to derive the linear Boltzmann transport equations for electrons are examined and the possibility that a higher order transport coefficient may become relevant is discussed. In the linear transport regime, there is a fundamental trade off between high Seebeck coefficient and high electrical conductivity for bulk materials and for many multilayer structures due to the interplay between electronic density-of-states (DOS) and electron group velocity and also due to the shape of DOS versus energy curve deep inside a band. While low dimensional structures alter the density-of-states, a similar trade off still exists. If large barrier heights and high doping concentrations could be achieved solid-state thermionic energy converters would be able to alleviate this trade off, thereby achieving a very high thermoelectric power factor. For this to occur, the electron transverse momentum perpendicular to heterostructure barriers must not be conserved. This can be achieved with non-planar structures or with embedded nanostructures. Finally, a comparison between thermoelectric/thermionic devices and thermophotovoltaic energy converters shows a difference in the average energy of the emitted hot carriers due to the difference between electronic and photonic density-of-states in the reservoirs. The use of both electrons and photons from a hot reservoir or the engineering of the reservoir density-of-states may provide additional means to achieve higher efficiency in energy conversion devices and to approach the limit given by the entropy generation more easily.
Effects of Stress and Hippocampal NMDA Receptor Antagonism on Recognition Memory in Rats (2002)

Exposures to uncontrollable stress have been shown to alter ensuing synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus and interfere with hippocampal-dependent spatial memory in rats. The present study examined whether stress, which impairs hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP), also affects (nonspatial) hippocampal-dependent object-recognition memory, as tested on the visual paired comparison task (VPC) in rats. After undergoing an inescapable restraint-tailshock stress experience, rats exhibited markedly impaired recognition memory at the 3-h (long) familiarization-to-test phase delay but not at the 5-min (short) delay. In contrast, unstressed control animals showed robust recognition memory (i.e., they exhibited reliable preferences for novel over familiar objects) at both short- and long-delay periods. The impairing effect of stress on long-delay recognition memory was transient because 48 h after undergoing stress experience, animals performed normally at the long delay. Similar to stress, microinfusions of DL-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (APV), a competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist that blocks LTP, into the dorsal hippocampus selectively impaired object-recognition memory at the long-delay period. Together, these results suggest that stress and intrahippocampal administration of APV affect recognition memory by influencing synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus.
Animal Models of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection (1997)

Over the past two decades, animal models of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection have been developed using primates, cotton rats, mice, calves, guinea pigs, ferrets, and hamsters. Use of these models has shed light on the mechanisms of vaccine-enhanced disease seen in clinical trials of a formalin-inactivated RSV vaccine and has provided a means for testing efficacy and safety of candidate prophylactic and therapeutic strategies. The development of multiple animal models has coincided with the realization that RSV disease in humans is a multifaceted disease whose clinical manifestations and sequelae depend upon age, genetic makeup, immunologic status, and concurrent disease within subpopulations. There is no single human subpopulation in whom all forms of RSV disease manifest, nor is there a single animal model that duplicates all forms of RSV disease. The choice of an experimental model will be governed by the specific manifestation of disease to be studied.
Lignin‐Derived Advanced Carbon Materials (2015)

Lignin is a highly abundant source of renewable carbon that can be considered as a valuable sustainable source of biobased materials. By applying specific pretreatments and manufacturing methods, lignin can be converted into a variety of value-added carbon materials. However, the physical and chemical heterogeneities of lignin complicate its use as a feedstock. Herein lignin manufacturing process, the effects of pretreatments and manufacturing methods on the properties of product lignin, and structure-property relationships in various applications of lignin-derived carbon materials, such as carbon fibers, carbon mats, activated carbons, carbon films, and templated carbon, are discussed.
Somatostatin (1983)

Function of Somatostatin in Pancreatic Islet RegulationThis subject is reviewed in detail in many reports.11–14 Somatostatin inhibits the secretion of insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin itself. In turn, somatostatin secretion is stimulated by glucagon, insulin deficiency, several amino acids, glucose, several neurotransmitters, including acetylcholine and α2-agonists, and several gut peptides, including vasoactive intestinal peptide and cholecystokinin (Table 3). These findings, taken together with the fact that the D cells (cells of origin of somatostatin) are situated in intimate contact with the cells of origin of insulin (B cell) and glucagon (A cell), has led most investigators to conclude that somatostatin . . .
Synthesis and Anticancer Evaluation of 4′-<i>C</i>-Methyl-2′-Fluoro <i>Arabino</i> Nucleosides (2009)

As part of an ongoing program to develop novel antitumor agents over the years, we have synthesized and evaluated a number of 4'-C-substituted nucleosides. A few years ago, we reported the first synthesis of 4'-C-hydroxymethyl-2'-fluoro arabino nucleosides, which did not exhibit any cytotoxicity. In our exploration of related compounds, we synthesized and evaluated the 4'-C-methyl-2'-fluoro arabino nucleosides in both the purine and pyrimidine series. In the pyrimidine series, 1-(4-C-methyl-2-fluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl) cytosine (13) was found to be highly cytotoxic and had significant antitumor activity in mice implanted with human tumor xenografts. The synthesis and anticancer activity of this series of nucleosides are reported.
Microneutralization test for respiratory syncytial virus based on an enzyme immunoassay (1985)

Virus infectivity and antibody neutralization titers for respiratory syncytial virus were determined in cell cultures in microtiter plates. After an appropriate incubation period, the cells were fixed, and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed directly in the microtiter plates for detection of virus. Results could be read and recorded automatically, which is especially helpful when running large numbers of tests.
Essential oil constituents of Ocimum micranthum Willd (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEssential oil constituents of Ocimum micranthum WilldDenys J. Charles, James E. Simon, and Karl V. WoodCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1990, 38, 1, 120–122Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00091a025https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00091a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views250Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Antiidiotype Induction Therapy: Evidence for the Induction of Immune Response through the Idiotype Network in Patients with Ovarian Cancer after Administration of Anti-CA 125 Murine Monoclonal Antibody B43.13 (1995)

The immune status of ovarian cancer patients receiving anti-CA125 murine monoclonal antibody B43.13 was evaluated by measuring antiidiotypic antibodies (Ab2), antiantiidiotypic antibodies (Ab3), antiisotypic human antimouse antibodies (HAMA), interferon-gamma, and CA125 levels in the serum. A specific assay was developed for the determination of Ab2 antibodies using chimeric MAb B43.13. Of the 50 patients studied, 26 had elevated levels of Ab2. Eleven of these 26 patients also had high titer of antiantiidiotypic (Ab3) antibodies. Eight of the 22 patients analyzed had increased interferon-gamma levels. A tentative correlation was found between survival of these patients' antiidiotype induction.
Isolation and Characterization of Burkholderia rinojensis sp. nov., a Non-Burkholderia cepacia Complex Soil Bacterium with Insecticidal and Miticidal Activities (2013)

Isolate A396, a bacterium isolated from a Japanese soil sample demonstrated strong insecticidal and miticidal activities in laboratory bioassays. The isolate was characterized through biochemical methods, fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis, sequencing of 16S rRNA, multilocus sequence typing and analysis, and DNA-DNA hybridization. FAME analysis matched A396 to Burkholderia cenocepacia, but this result was not confirmed by 16S rRNA or DNA-DNA hybridization. 16S rRNA sequencing indicated closest matches with B. glumae and B. plantarii. DNA-DNA hybridization experiments with B. plantarii, B. glumae, B. multivorans, and B. cenocepacia confirmed the low genetic similarity (11.5 to 37.4%) with known members of the genus. PCR-based screening showed that A396 lacks markers associated with members of the B. cepacia complex. Bioassay results indicated two mechanisms of action: through ingestion and contact. The isolate effectively controlled beet armyworms (Spodoptera exigua; BAW) and two-spotted spider mites (Tetranychus urticae; TSSM). In diet overlay bioassays with BAW, 1% to 4% (vol/vol) dilution of the whole-cell broth caused 97% to 100% mortality 4 days postexposure, and leaf disc treatment bioassays attained 75% ± 22% mortality 3 days postexposure. Contact bioassays led to 50% larval mortality, as well as discoloration, stunting, and failure to molt. TSSM mortality reached 93% in treated leaf discs. Activity was maintained in cell-free supernatants and after heat treatment (60°C for 2 h), indicating that a secondary metabolite or excreted thermostable enzyme might be responsible for the activity. Based on these results, we describe the novel species Burkholderia rinojensis, a good candidate for the development of a biocontrol product against insect and mite pests.
Low-Dielectric, Nanoporous Organosilicate Films Prepared via Inorganic/Organic Polymer Hybrid Templates (1999)

Dielectric insulator materials containing nanometer-scale closed-cell pores with low dielectric constants (k < 2.2), good mechanical properties, and high dielectric breakdown strengths are required for future semiconductor devices. In this paper we present a novel method for preparing nanoporous polyorganosilicate films, which promise to satisfy the key requirements, via inorganic/organic polymer hybrid templating. The nanometer-scale inorganic/organic polymer hybrids are generated in situ upon heating mixtures of methylsilsesquioxane (MSSQ) prepolymer with star-shaped hydroxy-terminated poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) to ∼250 °C, causing chain extension and cross-linking of MSSQ. Subsequent heating to 430 °C results in the thermal decomposition and volatilization of PCL components from the vitrified poly(methylsilsesquioxane) (PMSSQ) matrix, leaving behind porous PMSSQ films with pores with the size and shape of the original hybrid morphology. A dielectric constant as low as 2.1 has been achieved for closed-cell nanoporous PMSSQ films with hydrophobic surfaces and excellent breakdown strengths close to that of SiO2. Moreover, conductance measurements on inorganic/organic polymer hybrids offer insight into the development of interconnected PCL domains as the PCL content is increased above ∼25%.
Modeling of best management practices on North Reelfoot Creek, Tennessee (1992)

ABSTRACT: The Hydrological Simulation Program in FORTRAN (HSPF) was used to evaluate the proposed implementation of various best management practices (BMPs) to reduce erosion and sedimentation. The nonpoint source model, which was previously calibrated and verified, was adjusted to account for changes in model parameters affected by proposed BMP scenarios. BMPs included conversion of cropland to grassland (BMP #1), conservation tillage systems (BMP #9), and reservoir construction (BMP #12). BMP #1 achieved the greatest reduction in watershed erosion and stream sediment loads, while BMP #9 provided only moderate reductions. Construction of three new reservoirs in the 146‐km2 basin provided approximately 50% of the reduction in stream sediment loads as BMP #1. The most cost‐effective approach was BMP #1.
DAGMapper: Learning to Map by Discovering Lane Topology (2019)

One of the fundamental challenges to scale self-driving is being able to create accurate high definition maps (HD maps) with low cost. Current attempts to automate this process typically focus on simple scenarios, estimate independent maps per frame or do not have the level of precision required by modern self driving vehicles. In contrast, in this paper we focus on drawing the lane boundaries of complex highways with many lanes that contain topology changes due to forks and merges. Towards this goal, we formulate the problem as inference in a directed acyclic graphical model (DAG), where the nodes of the graph encode geometric and topological properties of the local regions of the lane boundaries. Since we do not know a priori the topology of the lanes, we also infer the DAG topology (i.e., nodes and edges) for each region. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on two major North American Highways in two different states and show high precision and recall as well as 89% correct topology.
Novel 2-D photonic bandgap structure for microstrip lines (1998)

A new two-dimensional (2-D) photonic bandgap (PBG) structure for microstrip lines is proposed, in which a periodic 2-D pattern consisting of circles is etched in the ground plane of microstrip line. No drilling through the substrate is required. Three PBG circuits were fabricated with different circle radii to determine the optimum dimensions, as well as a PBG circuit with the compensated right-angle microstrip bend. Measurements show that deep and wide stopbands can be achieved using this method.
Syntheses of N&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;-(2-diethylaminoethyl)-&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;-aminobenzamide (Procainamide) (1953)

Two simple synthetic procedures for N-(2-diethylaminoethyl)-p-aminobenzamide (Procainamide), effective as a therapeutic for irregular pulse, are described. One is the condensation of p-nitrobenzoyl chloride with diethylaminoethylamine, high pressure reduction of the condensation product with nickel catalyst, and low pressure distillation. The other is the condensation of p-nitrobenziminoether hydrochloride and diethylamino-ethylamine to N1-(2-diethylaminoethyl)-p-nitrobenzamidine, which is hydrolyzed with 50% methanol to N1-(2-diethylaminoethyl)-p-nitrobenzamidine. The determination of the hydrolysis was made by paper chromatography.
Expression and activities of a recombinant basic fibroblast growth factor-saporin fusion protein. (1994)

A fusion protein containing the full-length sequences of the mitogen, basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2), and the ribosome-inactivating protein, saporin (SAP), has been expressed in E. coli. As expected, it binds with high affinity to heparin-Sepharose like FGF-2 and can displace the binding of radiolabeled FGF-2 to its high affinity receptor. In contrast, the fusion protein only has much lower ribosome-inactivating activity than free saporin, although full ribosome-inactivating protein activity can be generated by proteolytic removal of the FGF-2 moiety. Cytotoxicity experiments with B16-F10 mouse melanoma cells establish that the fusion protein is active as a chemical conjugate against these intact cells. Presumably these cells have the ability to activate the SAP component of the fusion protein through an intra-cellular metabolism of the fusion protein. Because we also show the fusion protein has tumor growth inhibition properties and antimetastatic activity in in vivo models of melanoma, the findings support the hypothesis that FGF-based ligand-mediated cytotoxicity can serve to target cytotoxic agents in vivo.
Skeletal myoblast transplantation for repair of myocardial necrosis. (1996)

Myocardial infarcts heal by scarring because myocardium cannot regenerate. To determine if skeletal myoblasts could establish new contractile tissue, hearts of adult inbred rats were injured by freeze-thaw, and 3-4.5 x 10(6) neonatal skeletal muscle cells were transplanted immediately thereafter. At 1 d the graft cells were proliferating and did not express myosin heavy chain (MHC). By 3 d, multinucleated myotubes were present which expressed both embryonic and fast fiber MHCs. At 2 wk, electron microscopy demonstrated possible satellite stem cells. By 7 wk the grafts began expressing beta-MHC, a hallmark of the slow fiber phenotype; coexpression of embryonic, fast, and beta-MHC continued through 3 mo. Transplanting myoblasts 1 wk after injury yielded comparable results, except that grafts expressed beta-MHC sooner (by 2 wk). Grafts never expressed cardiac-specific MHC-alpha. Wounds containing 2-wk-old myoblast grafts contracted when stimulated ex vivo, and high frequency stimulation induced tetanus. Furthermore, the grafts could perform a cardiac-like duty cycle, alternating tetanus and relaxation, for at least 6 min. Thus, skeletal myoblasts can establish new muscle tissue when grafted into injured hearts, and this muscle can contract when stimulated electrically. Because the grafts convert to fatigue-resistant, slow twitch fibers, this new muscle may be suited to a cardiac work load.
Implementation of SNMP-JSON translator and integrating SNMP agents with JSON based network management system (2017)

The present paper focuses on developing an SNMP-JSON translator which automatically translates the data in an MIB file written in ASN.1 to JSON. Further, we integrate the SNMP Agents, Managers and implement the standard SNMP operations by using sockets of TCP/IP suite in a client-server architecture. The result is an integrated Network Management System which performs better than the existing XML and HTTP based approach.
Identification of a Surface Charged Residue in the S3-S4 Linker of the Pacemaker (HCN) Channel That Influences Activation Gating (2003)

I(f), encoded by the hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-modulated (HCN) channel family, is a key player in cardiac and neuronal pacing. Although HCN channels structurally resemble voltage-gated K(+) (Kv) channels, their structure-function correlation is much less clear. Here we probed the functional importance of the HCN1 S3-S4 linker by multiple substitutions of its residues. Neutralizing Glu(235), an acidic S3-S4 linker residue conserved in all hyperpolarization-activated channels, by Ala substitution produced a depolarizing activation shift (V(12) = -65.0 +/- 0.7 versus -70.6 +/- 0.7 mV for wild-type HCN1); the charge-reversed mutation E235R shifted activation even more positively (-56.2 +/- 0.5 mV). Increasing external Mg(2+) mimicked the progressive rightward shifts of E235A and E235R by gradually shifting activation (V(12) = 1 < 3 < 10 < 30 mm); Delta V(12) induced by 30 mm Mg(2+) was significantly attenuated for E235A (+7.9 +/- 1.2 versus +11.3 +/- 0.9 mV for wild-type HCN1) and E235R (+3.3 +/- 1.4 mV) channels, as if surface charges were already shielded. Consistent with an electrostatic role, the energetic changes associated with Delta V(12) resulting from various Glu(235) substitutions (i.e. Asp, Ala, Pro, His, Lys, and Arg) displayed a strong correlation with their charges (Delta Delta G = -2.1 +/- 0.3 kcal/mol/charge; r = 0.94). In contrast, D233E, D233A, D233G, and D233R did not alter activation gating. D233C (in C318S background) was also not externally accessible when probed with methanethiosulfonate ethylammonium (MTSEA). We conclude that the S3-S4 linker residue Glu(235) influences activation gating, probably by acting as a surface charge.
Effect of Strain on the Reactivity of Metal Surfaces (1998)

Self-consistent density functional calculations for the adsorption of O and CO, and the dissociation of CO on strained and unstrained Ru(0001) surfaces are used to show how strained metal surfaces have chemical properties that are significantly different from those of unstrained surfaces. Surface reactivity increases with lattice expansion, following a concurrent up-shift of the metal $d$ states. Consequences for the catalytic activity of thin metal overlayers are discussed.