gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Alteration of Seed Fatty Acid Composition by an Ethyl Methanesulfonate-Induced Mutation in Arabidopsis thaliana Affecting Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase Activity (1995)

In characterizing the enzymes involved in the formation of very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) in the Brassicaceae, we have generated a series of mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana that have reduced VLCFA content. Here we report the characterization of a seed lipid mutant, AS11, which, in comparison to wild type (WT), has reduced levels of 20:1 and 18:1 and accumulates 18:3 as the major fatty acid in triacylglycerols. Proportions of 18:2 remain similar to WT. Genetic analyses indicate that the fatty acid phenotype is caused by a semidominant mutation in a single nuclear gene, designated TAG1, located on chromosome 2. Biochemical analyses have shown that the AS11 phenotype is not due to a deficiency in the capacity to elongate 18:1 or to an increase in the relative delta 15 or delta 12 desaturase activities. Indeed, the ratio of desaturase/elongase activities measured in vitro is virtually identical in developing WT and AS11 seed homogenates. Rather, the fatty acid phenotype of AS11 is the result of reduced diacylglycerol acyltransferase activity throughout development, such that triacylglycerol biosynthesis is reduced. This leads to a reduction in 20:1 biosynthesis during seed development, leaving more 18:1 available for desaturation. Thus, we have demonstrated that changes to triacylglycerol biosynthesis can result in dramatic changes in fatty acid composition and, in particular, in the accumulation of VLCFAs in seed storage lipids.
The Dual PI3K/mTOR Inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 Induces Tumor Regression in a Genetically Engineered Mouse Model of PIK3CA Wild-Type Colorectal Cancer (2011)

These studies provide the preclinical rationale for studies examining the efficacy of the dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor NVP-BEZ235 in treatment of PIK3CA wild-type CRC.
The Tumor Microenvironment of High Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer (2018)

The Special Issue on high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) and the contribution of the tumor micro-environment (TME) consisted of reviews contributed by leaders in the ovarian cancer (OC) field. [...].
Ethylene/Vinyl Acetate Copolymers via Acyclic Diene Metathesis Polymerization. Examining the Effect of “Long” Precise Ethylene Run Lengths (2000)

Tandem acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) polymerization/catalytic hydrogenation has been exploited to synthesize copolymers modeling ethylene/vinyl acetate (EVA) materials. A series of four sequence-ordered ethylene-co-vinyl acetate copolymers were prepared possessing precisely defined ethylene run lengths from 18 to 26 carbons. Use of the well-defined ADMET reaction in combination with a quantitative olefin−hydrogen technique generates well-defined EVA's, all of which are semicrystalline with a linear relationship between ethylene run length and melting temperature. All polymers except that with the lowest ethylene run length are film and fiber forming.
Optical second-harmonic generation in thin film systems (2008)

The surface and interface sensitive nonlinear optical technique of second-harmonic generation (SHG) is a very useful diagnostic in studying surface and interface properties in thin film systems and can provide relevant information during thin film processing. An important aspect when applying SHG is the interpretation of the SHG response. In order to utilize the full potential of SHG during materials processing it is necessary to have a good understanding of both the macroscopic and the microscopic origin of the SHG response, particularly in thin film or multilayer systems where the propagation of radiation is another important aspect that should be considered carefully. A brief theoretical overview on the origin of the SHG response and a description of the propagation of radiation will be given. Furthermore, several methods will be discussed that might reveal the possible macroscopic and microscopic origins of the SHG response in thin film systems. The different approaches will be illustrated by examples of real-time and spectroscopic SHG experiments with thin film systems relevant in Si etching and deposition environments, such as (1) hydrogenated amorphous Si films deposited by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition on both Si(100) and fused silica substrates, (2) amorphous Si generated by low-energy Ar+-ion bombardment of H terminated Si(100), and (3) Al2O3 films deposited by plasma-assisted atomic layer deposition on H terminated Si(100).
The 2006 Atlantic Hurricane Season: The Eastern United States Gets a Break (2007)

(2007). The 2006 Atlantic Hurricane Season: The Eastern United States Gets a Break. Weatherwise: Vol. 60, No. 2, pp. 50-55.
Transcription termination and RNA processin in the 3‘-end spacer of mouse ribosomalo RNA genes (1987)

The 3' termini of ribosomal RNA precursors from mouse FM3A cultured cells are mapped to eight sites within 625 bp downstream from the 3' terminus of 28 S rRNA. Three additional sites are mapped in liver RNA from C3H/He strain mice. Two of them, the sites at 570 bp and 625 bp are assumed to be termination sites in vivo, because they correspond to in vitro termination sites of RNA polymerase I, and 45 S RNAs having these 3' termini decay with kinetics distinct from others. The amount of 45 S RNA having the 3' terminus at other sites is variable among several mouse strains, despite their having the same DNA sequence in these regions. The ability to produce 3' termini in these sites seems to follow Mendel's law of inheritance. Therefore, we postulate that these nine sites are RNA processing sites which are controlled genetically.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Aromatic Iodoacetyl Derivatives by Direct Iodination with a Potassium Iodide‐Potassium Iodate‐Sulfuric Acid System (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Dual Regulation of the Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)/PTH-Related Peptide Receptor Signaling by Protein Kinase C and β-Arrestins (2002)

We examined here the role of second messenger-dependent kinases and beta-arrestins in short-term regulation of the PTH receptor (PTHR) signaling. The inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC) in COS-7 cells transiently expressing PTHR, led to an approximately 2-fold increase in PTH-stimulated inositol phosphate (IP) and cAMP production. The inhibition of protein kinase A increased cAMP production 1.5-fold without affecting IP signaling. The effects of PKC inhibition on PTHR-mediated G(q) signaling were strongly decreased for a carboxy-terminally truncated PTHR (T480) that is phosphorylation deficient. PKC inhibition was associated with a decrease in agonist-stimulated PTHR phosphorylation and internalization without blocking PTH-dependent mobilization of beta-arrestin2 to the plasma membrane. Overexpression of beta-arrestins strongly decreased the PTHR-mediated IP signal, whereas cAMP production was impaired to a much lower extent. The regulation of PTH-stimulated signals by beta-arrestins was impaired for the truncated T480 receptor. Our data reveal mechanisms at, and distal to, the receptor regulating PTHR-mediated signaling pathways by second messenger-dependent kinases. We conclude that regulation of PTHR-mediated signaling by PKC and beta-arrestins are separable phenomena that both involve the carboxy terminus of the receptor. A major role for PKC and beta-arrestins in preferential regulation of PTHR-mediated G(q) signaling by independent mechanisms at the receptor level was established.
Minimizing ARP Broadcasting in TRILL (2009)

Ethernet was originally designed to be a cheap and easy to use communication medium between networked computers. Recently, growing interest in using Ethernet technology in access and carrier backbone networks has increased the motivation to solve the scaling issues of the original Ethernet. There has been extensive research and proposals for extending Ethernet networks to scale better in relation to the amount of end-stations in the network. One of the proposals is the routing bridges (RBridges) design, and the routing protocol they use, TRILL. RBridges are a step forward for Ethernet switching technology, offering better scaling characteristics than conventional STP bridges. Yet, RBridges do not take into account the growing interest in mobile Ethernet devices, and supporting mobility events directly on top of the link layer. Additionally, RBridges still rely on flooding Ethernet frames across the network when the frames are destined to unknown end-stations or sent using a broadcast Ethernet address. In this paper, we present an implementation of the RBridges base specification on the Click modular router. Additionally, we present a solution and a proof-of-concept implementation on how to eliminate one of the largest sources of broadcast traffic in an Ethernet network, the address resolution protocol (ARP) requests. Our solution proposes building a distributed hash table based ARP information store, across the whole Ethernet network.
Mimicking the Nanostructure of Bone: Comparison of Polymeric Process-Directing Agents (2010)

The nanostructure of bone has been replicated using a polymer-induced liquid-precursor (PILP) mineralization process. This polymer-mediated crystallization process yields intrafibrillar mineralization of collagen with uniaxially-oriented hydroxyapatite crystals. The process-directing agent, an anionic polymer which we propose mimics the acidic non-collagenous proteins associated with bone formation, sequesters calcium and phosphate ions to form amorphous precursor droplets that can infiltrate the interstices of collagen fibrils. In search of a polymeric agent that produces the highest mineral content in the shortest time, we have studied the influence of various acidic polymers on the in vitro mineralization of collagen scaffolds via the PILP process. Among the polymers investigated were poly-L aspartic acid (PASP), poly-L-glutamic acid (PGLU), polyvinylphosphonic acid (PVPA), and polyacrylic acid (PAA). Our data indicate that PASP and the combination of PGLU/PASP formed stable mineralization solutions, and yielded nano-structured composites with the highest mineral content. Such studies contribute to our goal of preparing biomimetic bone graft substitutes with composition and structure that mimic bone.
Assessing the impact of real world manufacturing lithography variations on post-OPC CD control (2005)

This paper investigates variability across multiple lithographic domains, as experienced in typical manufacturing environments, and assesses the impact on achievable post-OPC image fidelity and CD control. Across scanner field and tool-tool effects are considered, and a distinction is made between systematic phenomena, which typically manifest within chip, and random fluctuations, which predominantly impact chip-to-chip mean distributions. The paper will outline which lithographic parameters can effectively be accounted for in OPC models, and over what temporal/spatial extents. The non-correctable phenomena assessed include misalignment, projection optic aberrations, illumination source profile, mask CD, focus and exposure dose variation, and flare. Specific analyses are applied to the case of gate edge placement error (EPE) control as a function of these manufacturing variables. Recommendations are made for "field-aware" metrology sample plans during model creation, such that globally optimized models can be realized. With knowledge of manufacturing input parameter variation, CalibreTM enables a detailed understanding of realistic post-OPC CD control, and can guide judicious product metrology sampling and specifications. It is highlighted that even for the case of a "perfect" OPC model, the post-OPC CD variation within chip can still be substantial, due to manufacturing variability.
New DNA Sequencing Methods (2001)

The Human Genome Project and other major genomic sequencing projects have pushed the development of sequencing technology. In the past six years alone, instrument throughput has increased 15-fold. New technologies are now on the horizon that could yield massive increases in our capacity for de novo DNA sequencing. This review presents a summary of state-of-the-art technologies for genomic sequencing and describes technologies that may be candidates for the next generation of DNA sequencing instruments.
A high-speed capacitance extraction algorithm for multi-level VLSI interconnects (2002)

The authors present preliminary results of a novel stochastic algorithm for high-speed capacitance extraction in multi-level VLSI interconnects. The algorithm is related to a statistical procedure for solving Laplace's equation known as a floating random-walk method. Benchmark calculations for three-dimensional cross-wire geometries were performed on a MAC IIfx personal computer, operating at 0.3 MFLOPS. Execution times were typically 40 s for an accuracy of less that 5%. Overall computational efficiency stems from various factors: suitability to rectilinear geometries, statistical-error cancellation, selective integration over Gaussian surfaces, and direct capacitance-matrix evaluation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Two AP1 sites binding JunB are essential for human papillomavirus type 18 transcription in keratinocytes (1992)

The activity and epithelial tropism of the human papillomavirus type 18 P105 early promoter, which directs the synthesis of the E6 and E7 transforming genes, are controlled by cis elements included in the viral long control region. To identify potential cellular regulators of this promoter, we mutagenized one or both of the 5'-TGACTAA-3' cis elements capable of interacting with the AP1 transcription factor, which is composed either of homodimers or heterodimers of the Jun products or of heterodimers of Jun and Fos. Mutation of both elements completely abolished P105 promoter activity in human keratinocytes. We show that either AP1 site can interact efficiently in vitro with any of the three different Jun products as heterodimers with c-Fos. However, in nuclear extracts prepared from human keratinocytes, JunB was the predominant Jun component bound to the DNA probe containing this cis element. These results implicate JunB as an important factor in human papillomavirus type 18 transcription in keratinocytes and strongly suggest a potential role of this Jun gene product in the tissue-specific transcription of the genital papillomaviruses.
Efficient minimum-cost network hardening via exploit dependency graphs (2004)

In-depth analysis of network security vulnerability must consider attacker exploits not just in isolation, but also in combination. The general approach to this problem is to compute attack paths (combinations of exploits), from which one can decide whether a given set of network hardening measures guarantees the safety of given critical resources. We go beyond attack paths to compute actual sets of hardening measures (assignments of initial network conditions) that guarantee the safety of given critical resources. Moreover, for given costs associated with individual hardening measures, we compute assignments that minimize overall cost. By doing our minimization at the level of initial conditions rather than exploits, we resolve hardening irrelevancies and redundancies in a way that cannot be done through previously proposed exploit-level approaches. Also, we use an efficient exploit-dependency representation based on monotonic logic that has polynomial complexity, as opposed to many previous attack graph representations having exponential complexity.
Polymers : fibers and textiles : a compendium (1990)

Acrylic Fibers Cellulose Esters, Organic Fibers Composites, Fabrications Cotton Dyeing Fabrics, Coated Fibers Fibers, Elastomeric Fibers, Engineering Fibers, Manufacture Fibers, Vegetable Flammability Identification, Fibers Keratin Leatherlike Materials Nonwoven Fabrics Olefin Fibers Polyamides, Fibers Polyesters, Fibers Rayon Recreational Surfaces Silk Textile Resins Tires.
Enhancement of colored engravings (2003)

Digitization of printed illustrations for archive purposes is not always a simple procedure. For example, colored engravings (a common book-illustration type of the XVIII and XIX century) consist of regions of both very fine lines and almost uniformly colored regions. In order to keep the compression rate high, compression algorithms tend to destroy fine lines (the high-frequency content) that are the essence of this type of image. However, the images compressed using the modified mixed raster content (mMRC) compression scheme retain the lines and show exceptional fidelity to their prototypes at low bit-rates when compared to alternate compression methods such as JPEG and JPEG2000. This paper presents the simple algorithm for data-filling of the MRC background layer, that improves the compression results, and - at the same time - enhances the reconstructed image. This is demonstrated on the case study of the colored engravings from the William Blake Archive.
Jmjd2b antagonizes H3K9 trimethylation at pericentric heterochromatin in mammalian cells (2006)

Histone lysine trimethyl states represent some of the most robust epigenetic modifications in eukaryotic chromatin. Using a candidate approach, we identified the subgroup of murine Jmjd2 proteins to antagonize H3K9me3 at pericentric heterochromatin. H3K27me3 and H4K20me3 marks are not impaired in inducible Jmjd2b-GFP cell lines, but Jmjd2b also reduces H3K36 methylation. Since recombinant Jmjd2b appears as a very poor enzyme, we applied metabolic labeling with heavy methyl groups to demonstrate Jmjd2b-mediated removal of chromosomal H3K9me3 as an active process that occurs well before replication of chromatin. These data reveal that certain members of the jmjC class of hydroxylases can work in a pathway that actively antagonizes a histone lysine trimethyl state.
A plasma needle generates nitric oxide (2006)

Generation of nitric oxide (NO) by a plasma needle is studied by means of mass spectrometry. The plasma needle is an atm. glow generated by a radio-frequency excitation in a mixt. of helium and air. This source is used for the treatment of living tissues, and nitric oxide may be one of the most important active agents in plasma therapy. Efficient NO generation is of particular importance in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Mass spectrometric measurements have been performed under various plasma conditions; gas compn. in the plasma and conversion of feed gases (nitrogen and oxygen) into other species has been studied. Up to 30% of the N2 and O2 input is consumed in the discharge, and NO has been identified as the main conversion product. [on SciFinder (R)]
Research Ventilator-associated pneumonia using a heated humidifier or a heat and moisture exchanger: a randomized controlled trial (2006)

Introduction Some guidelines to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) do not establish a recommendation for the preferential use of either heat and moisture exchangers (HMEs) or heated humidifiers (HHs), while other guidelines clearly advocate the use of HMEs. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of VAP associated with HHs or HMEs. Methods A randomized study was conducted in the intensive care unit of a university hospital involving patients expected to require mechanical ventilation for >5 days. Patients were assigned to two groups; one group received HH and the other group received HME. Tracheal aspirate samples were obtained on endotracheal intubation, then twice a week, and finally on extubation, in order to diagnose VAP. Throat swabs were taken on admission to the intensive care unit, then twice a week, and finally at discharge from the intensive care unit in order to classify VAP as primary endogenous, secondary endogenous, or exogenous. Results A total of 120 patients were assigned to HMEs (60 patients) and HHs (60 patients); 16 patients received mechanical ventilation for less than five days and were excluded from the analysis. Data analysis of the remaining 104 patients (53 HMEs and 51 HHs) showed no significant differences between groups regarding sex, age, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, pre-VAP use of antibiotics, days on mechanical ventilation, and diagnosis group. VAP was found in eight of 51 (15.69%) patients in the HH group and in 21 of 53 (39.62%) patients in the HME group (P = 0.006). The median time free of VAP was 20 days (95% confidence interval, 13.34–26.66) for the HH group and was 42 days (95% confidence interval, 35.62–48.37) for the HME group (P <0.001). Cox regression analysis showed the HME as a risk factor for VAP (hazard rate, 16.2; 95% confidence interval, 4.54–58.04; P < 0.001). Conclusion The patients mechanically ventilated for more than five days developed a lower incidence of VAP with a HH than with a HME.
Modified resistive switching behavior of ZrO2 memory films based on the interface layer formed by using Ti top electrode (2007)

The influence of Ti top electrode material on the resistive switching properties of ZrO2-based memory film using Pt as bottom electrode was investigated in the present study. When Ti is used as top electrode, the resistive switching behavior becomes dependent on bias polarity and no current compliance is needed during switching into high conducting state. This phenomenon is attributed to the fact that a series resistance between Ti and ZrO2 film, composed of a TiOx layer, a ZrOy layer, and even the contact resistance, imposed a current compliance on the memory device. Besides, our experimental results imply that switching the device into high conducting state is a field driven process while switching back into low conducting state is a current driven process.
High numerical aperture lithographic imagery at the Brewster angle (2002)

Recent advances have enabled exposure tool manufacturers to ship tools with numerical aperture (NA) = 0.8, and to envision optics with even larger NA. Thus the lithography community must grapple with images formed by oblique waves close to the Brewster angle. (For a typical chemically amplified resist with index of refraction n = 1.7, the Brewster angle is 59°, corresponding to NA = 0.86.) In this paper we will consider some of the surprising phenomena that occur at such high NA. Both vector diffraction simulation results and experimental results from the IBM interferometric lithography apparatus will be discussed. One of the most interesting modeling predictions is that, near the Brewster angle, the swing curve for transverse magnetic (TM) polarization is much smaller than normal, while the swing curve for transverse electric (TE) polarization is much larger than normal, and experimental measurements verify this prediction. Special image cross sections using the Flagello decoration method will also demonstrate the loss of TM image contrast due to vector imaging effects.
Fluticasone propionate and mometasone furoate have equivalent transcriptional potencies (2003)

FP and MF have the same ability to trigger gene activation and also the same potency to inhibit AP-1 and NF-kappaB activities. Their strong transcriptional effects at 2x10(-10) M suggest that these compounds act not only topically but also systemically, with the risk of provoking concomitant adverse effects at high dosages.