gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CCD Data Acquisition Systems at Lick and Keck Observatories (1992)

This paper will describe and compare two distinct but related CCD data acquisition systems (DAS) currently under development at Lick and Keck Observatories. Although these two systems have a number of major architectural differences, they share a considerable amount of common hardware and software. Both of these new systems build on a large body of proven software that is the foundation of the existing CCD DAS currently in use at Lick Observatory. Both will provide support for reading up to four on-chip amplifiers per CCD and/or reading out mosaics of CCD chips. In addition, they will provide the capability for interactive, real-time adjustment of CCD waveforms for engineering purposes. Each of these two systems is composed of three major subsystems: (1) an instrument computer and its software; (2) a data capture computer and its software; and (3) a CCD/dewar controller and its software. The instrument computer is a Unix workstation, and the functions it provides include user interfaces, the interactive real-time display of CCD images, and the recording of image and FITS header data to disk and/or tape. The data capture computer is responsible for the packaging and high-speed transfer of the CCD pixel data stream into a bulk RAM, and the subsequent transfer of this data to the instrument computer. The CCD/dewar controller generates the waveforms for clocking the CCD, digitizes the pixel data, and transmits it via high-speed link to the data capture computer. It is also responsible for monitoring and controlling the dewar temperature and cryogen levels. Given the number of different types of processors and high-speed data links employed in both systems, a major emphasis of this paper will be on the various forms of interprocessor communications utilized for data transfer and distributed process synchronization.
Inhibition of tumor Promoter‐induced hydrogen peroxide formation<i>in vitro</i>and<i>in vivo</i>by genistein (1993)

Here we report that genistein, a soybean isoflavone, strongly inhibits tumor promoter-induced H2O2 formation both in vivo and in vitro. Genistein suppressed H2O2 production by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate- (TPA) stimulated human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and HL-60 cells in a dose-dependent manner over the concentration range 1-150 microM. Human PMNs were more sensitive to the inhibitory effect of genistein than HL-60 cells (50% inhibitory concentration 14.8 and 30.2 microM, respectively). In addition, genistein moderately inhibited superoxide anion formation by HL-60 cells and scavenged exogenously added H2O2 under the same conditions as in cell culture. However, the H2O2-scavenging effect of genistein was about 50% lower than its inhibition of cell-derived H2O2 formation at all concentrations. In the CD-1 mouse skin model, genistein strongly inhibited TPA-induced oxidant formation, edema, and PMN infiltration in mouse skin. Inhibition of TPA-mediated H2O2 in vivo may result from decreased cell-derived H2O2 formation, scavenging of H2O2 produced, and/or suppression of PMN infiltration into the dermis. The antioxidant properties of genistein may be responsible for its anticarcinogenic effects, and the dietary availability of genistein makes it a promising candidate for the prevention of human cancers.
Integrated magnetic for LLC resonant converter (2003)

A new LLC resonant converter is proposed for front end DC/DC conversion in a distributed power system. This converter shows some potential benefits in this application. This paper proposes several integrated magnetic designs for LLC resonant converter. This converter has three magnetic components. With magnetic integration, first, a number of components can be reduced; secondly, flux ripple cancellation is achieved so that core loss is reduced. From these benefits, higher power density can be achieved. In design of the integrated magnetic structure for LLC resonant converter, a general model of four winding integrated magnetic structure is derived which can be used to derive integrated magnetic structure for different topologies. Finally, the test result is shown.
A stacked capacitor with (Ba/sub x/Sr/sub 1-x/)TiO/sub 3/ for 256M DRAM (2002)

A high-dielectric-constant material was applied to a practical stacked DRAM capacitor. A large unit area capacitance (40 fF/ mu m/sup 2/) and a low leakage current (<10/sup -7/ A/cm/sup 2/) have been realized by the combination of a thin (Ba/sub x/Sr/sub 1-x/)TiO/sub 3/ film having an equivalent SiO/sub 2/ thickness of 8 AA and a Pt/Ta capacitor electrode. TDDB (time-dependent dielectric breakdown) measurements have indicated good reliability of this novel capacitor cell. These characteristics show that this storage capacitor is quite promising for 256M DRAM cells.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Magnetic and Conductive Properties of Quinoidal Oligothiophenes (2006)

The magnetic and conductive properties of a series of quinoidal oligothiophenes, that is, bis(dicyanomethylene)oligothiophenes (TnCN4, n = 2−4), have been investigated in the solid state and (for magnetic analysis) in solution, and the results have been compared with those from density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Solution electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra of radical cations and anions are characterized by hyperfine structures due to coupling with nitrogen and thiophene hydrogen atoms. Neutral solutions are ESR active, indicating a significant presence of diradical species with no hyperfine structure. ESR spectra of powder samples at room temperature give a concentration of radical species up to 1 mol % (T3CN4), that is, 0.5% of the compound exists in a diradical state. The percentage decreases dramatically from T3CN4 to T2CN4, as a result of the decreased number of aromatic rings. The diradical concentration increases with temperature according to activation energies which are higher for the shorter members and in very good agreement with DFT calculations. Tetrahexyl-substituted T4CN4 is redox conducting at the neutral-polaron mixed oxidation level with a maximum conductivity of 0.03 S cm-1, about two orders of magnitude higher in comparison with an aromatic tetrahexyl-substituted octathiophene.
A simplified procedure for preparing 3,5‐disubstituted‐1,2,4‐oxadiazoles by reaction of amidoximes with Acyl chlorides in pyridine solution (1989)

Abstract 3‐ R ‐5‐ R ′‐1,2,4‐Oxadiazoles are prepared in fair to good yield by short‐time, one‐pot reaction of an amidoxime, RC(NH 2 )NOH, with an acyl chloride, R'COCl, in pyridine solution. Precipitation of the oxadiazole occurs on diluting the pyridine reaction solution with water. Ordinary acyl chlorides can be used; they do not have to be unusually reactive to succeed in the one‐pot preparation. The procedure is simpler and more convenient than the conventional one, namely isolation and thermal rearrangement of an O ‐acylamidoxime.
Distinct Pathways of Antigen Uptake and Intracellular Routing in CD4 and CD8 T Cell Activation (2007)

The mechanisms that allow antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to selectively present extracellular antigen to CD8+ effector T cells (cross-presentation) or to CD4+ T helper cells are not fully resolved. We demonstrated that APCs use distinct endocytosis mechanisms to simultaneously introduce soluble antigen into separate intracellular compartments, which were dedicated to presentation to CD8+ or CD4+ T cells. Specifically, the mannose receptor supplied an early endosomal compartment distinct from lysosomes, which was committed to cross-presentation. These findings imply that antigen does not require intracellular diversion to access the cross-presentation pathway, because it can enter the pathway already during endocytosis.
Probiotics and the Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2004)

The demonstration that immune and epithelial cells can discriminate between different microbial species has extended our understanding of the actions of probiotics beyond simple barrier and antimicrobial concepts. Several probiotic mechanisms of action, relative to inflammatory bowel disease, have been elucidated: (1) competitive exclusion, whereby probiotics compete with microbial pathogens for a limited number of receptors present on the surface epithelium; (2) immunomodulation and/or stimulation of an immune response of gut-associated lymphoid and epithelial cells; (3) antimicrobial activity and suppression of pathogen growth; (4) enhancement of barrier function; and (5) induction of T cell apoptosis in the mucosal immune compartment. The unraveling of these mechanisms of action has led to new support for the use of probiotics in the management of clinical inflammatory bowel disease. Though level 1 evidence now supports the therapeutic use of probiotics in the treatment of postoperative pouchitis, only levels 2 and 3 evidence is currently available in support of the use of probiotics in the treatment of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Nevertheless, one significant and consistent finding has emerged during the course of research in the past year: not all probiotic bacteria have similar therapeutic effects. Rigorously designed, controlled clinical trials are vital to investigate the unresolved issues related to efficacy, dose, duration of use, single or multi-strain formulation, and the concomitant use of probiotics, synbiotics, or antibiotics.
Prediction of twin-arginine signal peptides (2005)

The method developed here is able to discriminate Tat signal peptides from cytoplasmic proteins carrying a similar motif, as well as from Sec signal peptides, with high accuracy. The method allows filtering of input sequences based on Perl syntax regular expressions, whereas hydrophobicity discrimination of Tat- and Sec-signal peptides is carried out by an artificial neural network. A potential cleavage site of the predicted Tat signal peptide is also reported. The TatP prediction server is available as a public web server at http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/TatP/.
Econophysical Dynamics of Market-Based Electric Power Distribution Systems (2006)

As energy markets begin clearing at sub-hourly rates, their interaction with load control systems becomes a potentially important consideration. A simple model for the control of thermal systems using market-based power distribution strategies is proposed, with particular attention to the behavior and dynamics of electric building loads and distribution-level power markets. Observations of dynamic behavior of simple numerical model are compared to that of an aggregate continuous model. The analytic solution of the continuous model suggests important deficiencies in each. The continuous model provides very valuable insights into how one might design such load control system and design the power markets they interact with. We also highlight important shortcomings of the continuous model which we believe must be addressed using discrete models.
Explososcan: A parallel processing technique for high speed ultrasound imaging with linear phased arrays (1984)

The data acquisition rate in medical ultrasonic imaging devices is limited by the acoustic propagation velocity in the tissues. Typically in such machines the image lines are produced sequentially one line per transmitted pulse. A parallel processing scheme has been implemented which enables the data acquisition rate to increase by a factor of four through the simultaneous acquisition of four B-mode image lines from each individual broadened transmit pulse. The higher data rate can be used to increase the image frame rate to produce independent images that can be averaged in the image frame to reduce noise, or to produce a conventional image at standard video frame rates while reducing patient exposure. Alternatively, the field of view can be increased over that of a normal scan without sacrificing frame rate. These advantages are achieved with little reduction in the measured resolution. The design and performance of this device are described. A sample in vivo image is included.
Impact of Liver Transplantation on Transthyretin-Related Ocular Amyloidosis in Japanese Patients (2010)

Patients with FAP who undergo liver transplantation continue to have a long-term risk of severe ocular manifestations, especially vitreous opacities and glaucoma, which can restrict their daily lives, even after liver transplantation.
Nobiletin Attenuates VLDL Overproduction, Dyslipidemia, and Atherosclerosis in Mice With Diet-Induced Insulin Resistance (2011)

Nobiletin provides insight into treatments for dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis associated with insulin-resistant states.
Augmented-reality scratch (2009)

In this paper we introduce AR Scratch, the first augmented-reality (AR) authoring environment designed for children. By adding augmented-reality functionality to the Scratch programming platform, this environment allows pre-teens to create programs that mix real and virtual spaces. Children can display virtual objects on a real-world space seen through a camera, and they can control the virtual world through interactions between physical objects. This paper describes the system design process, which focused on appropriately presenting the AR technology to the typical Scratch population (children aged 8-12), as influenced by knowledge of child spatial cognition, programming expertise, and interaction metaphors. Evaluation of this environment is proposed, accompanied by results from an initial pilot study, as well as discussion of foreseeable impacts on the Scratch user community.
Active networks for efficient distributed network management (2000)

The emerging next generation of routers exhibit both high performance and rich functionality, such as support for virtual private networks and QoS. To achieve this, per-flow queuing and fast IP filtering are incorporated into the router hardware. The management of a network comprising such devices and efficient use of the new functionality introduce new challenges. A truly distributed network management system is an attractive candidate to address these challenges. We describe how active network techniques can be used to allow fast and easy deployment of distributed network management applications in IP networks. We describe a prototype system where legacy routers are enhanced with an adjunct active engine, which enables the safe execution and rapid deployment of new distributed management applications in the network layer. This system can gradually be integrated in today's IP network, and allows smooth migration from IP to programmable networks. This is done with an emphasis on efficient use of network resources, which is somewhat obscure by many of today's high-level solutions.
Recombinant Vaccinia Viruses and the Development of Immunization Strategies Using Influenza Virus (1989)

Journal Article Recombinant Vaccinia Viruses and the Development of Immunization Strategies Using Influenza Virus Get access Peter C. Doherty, Peter C. Doherty The John Curtin School of Medical Research, Canberra, Australia Please address requests for reprints to Dr. P. C. Doherty, Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, P O Box 318, Memphis, TN 38101. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar William Allan, William Allan The John Curtin School of Medical Research, Canberra, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar David B. Boyle, David B. Boyle The John Curtin School of Medical Research, Canberra, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Barbara E. H. Coupar, Barbara E. H. Coupar The John Curtin School of Medical Research, Canberra, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Marion E. Andrew Marion E. Andrew The John Curtin School of Medical Research, Canberra, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 159, Issue 6, June 1989, Pages 1119–1122, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/159.6.1119 Published: 01 June 1989 Article history Received: 27 September 1988 Revision received: 13 January 1989 Published: 01 June 1989
Multilayer Interference Filters with Narrow Stop Bands (1967)

Multilayer interference filters having various transmission characteristics are described and compared. The emphasis is on filters with narrow stop bands such as might be used to eliminate the hazard from a laser beam. Four types of filters are considered: (1) quarter-wave stacks of two dielectric materials having matching layers one-eighth wavelength thick; (2) quarter-wave stacks of two dielectric materials having all layers of the same optical thickness (including the end layers); (3) quarter-wave stacks wherein all layers are of the same optical thickness, but the refractive indices of the layers may all be different to achieve equal reflection ripples in the passband; and (4) multilayer stacks of two dielectric materials wherein each layer may be of a different optical thickness to achieve nearly equal reflection ripples in the passband. The new formulas presented give the bandwidths between nulls of all the various filters as well as the bandwidths between equal-ripple points of the equal-ripple filter. Explicit formulas are stated for the ripple envelopes of filter types (1) and (2), and for the ripple heights of equal-ripple filters of types (3) and (4). A first-order design procedure based on the theory of linear arrays is given and evaluated by working numerical examples; general design criteria are presented to establish the validity of the first-order theory.
Computational Chemistry: A Practical Guide for Applying Techniques to Real World Problems (2001)

Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. In all instances where John Wiley &amp;amp; Sons, Inc., is aware of a claim, the product names appear in initial capital or all capital letters. Readers, however, should contact the appropriate companies for more complete information regarding trademarks and registration. Copyright ( 2001 by John Wiley &amp;amp; Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including uploading, downloading, printing, decompiling, recording or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976
PRODUCTION OF BINDING PROTEINS AND ROLE OF THE INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR I BINDING PROTEIN 3 IN HUMAN ARTICULAR CARTILAGE EXPLANTS (1996)

The aim of this study was to determine the production of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBP) and the role of the IGFBP-3 in human normal (n = 2) and osteoarthritic (OA) articular cartilage (n = 14) explants. Binding proteins were studied in the medium by Western ligand blotting and Western blotting. Proteoglycan synthesis under insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) stimulation was studied after a pulse of 35SO4(2-) in the presence or absence of added IGFBP-3. Osteoarthritic explants released a doublet of IGFBPs with a 39/43 kDa Mr corresponding to the binding protein 3. Constitutive production from unstimulated OA cartilage was higher than from normal cartilage. IGF-I induced a 20-fold increase and IL-1 a 2-fold increase in IGFBP-3 release. A minor band around 30 kDa was also detectable. Studies of proteoglycan (PG) synthesis showed that the majority of OA cartilage explant samples responded weakly to IGF-I (100 ng/ml) stimulation (+33%), while the others were high responders (+180%). Co-incubation of IGF-I with recombinant (r) IGFBP-3 did not affect the rate of PG synthesis. However, while pre-incubation with rIGFBP3 for 72 h did not change the rate of PG synthesis in the high-responder group, it strongly increased PG synthesis in the low-responder group. This study demonstrates that the ability of IGF-I to enhance proteoglycan synthesis varied among the OA samples and may in part be dependent on the local level of IGFBP-3. This implies pathophysiological considerations in the limits of IGF-I action during the OA process.
Enabling coexistence of heterogeneous wireless systems (2011)

The ISM spectrum is becoming increasingly populated by emerging wireless networks. Spectrum sharing among the same network of devices can be arbitrated by MAC protocols (e.g., CSMA), but the coexistence between heterogeneous networks remains a challenge. The disparate power levels, asynchronous time slots, and incompatible PHY layers of heterogeneous networks severely degrade the effectiveness of traditional MAC. In this paper, we propose a new mechanism, called the Cooperative Busy Tone (CBT), that enables the reliable coexistence between two such networks, ZigBee and WiFi. CBT allows a separate ZigBee node to schedule a busy tone concurrently with the desired transmission, thereby improving the visibility of ZigBee devices to WiFi. Its core components include a frequency flip scheme that prevents the mutual interference between cooperative ZigBee nodes, and a busy tone scheduler that minimizes the interference to WiFi, for both CSMA and TDMA packets. To optimize CBT, we establish an analytical framework that relates its key design parameters to performance and cost. Both the analytical and detailed simulation results demonstrate CBT's significant throughput improvement over the legacy ZigBee protocol, with negligible performance loss to WiFi. The results are validated further by implementing CBT on sensor motes and software radios.
The search for disease-modifying treatment for Alzheimer's disease (1997)

As a result of advances in the understanding of neurodegenerative mechanism in Alzheimer's disease, several strategies for the development of disease-modifying treatment are being investigated. Nerve growth factor and other neurotrophins may improve neuronal survival, although targeted delivery remains an obstacle. Modulation of protein processing has the potential to decrease the formation of plaques and tangles. Pharmacologic reduction of oxidative stress and destructive inflammation may slow the rate of neurodegeneration. Continued research into basic mechanisms, along with therapeutic trials of promising drugs, are improving the likelihood that it will soon be possible to slow the progression of this disease.
Reorganising roles (1990)

Rod Thomson looks at the role of health visitors faced with the reorganisation of the health service