gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Myocardial Regeneration Therapy for Heart Failure (2002)

hHGF gene transfection enhanced the cellular cardiomyoplasty possibly by stimulating angiogenesis, restoring the impaired ECM, and promoting the integration of the dissociated grafted myocytes. The combined effects might have lead to the improved cardiac performance. Thus, combined therapy may be a promising strategy for the treatment of heart failure caused by myocardial infarction.
A fuzzy logic controller for a dry rotary cement kiln (2002)

The dry rotary cement kiln is the most important part of the cement plant. Cement kilns exhibit time-varying nonlinear behavior and relatively few measurements are available, consequently, automatic control is usually restricted to a few simple control loops on secondary variables, leaving the responsibility for the control of primary variables to the kiln operators. In this paper a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) is developed for real-time control of a dry rotary cement kiln. The FLC receives 4 inputs that are the main variables of the kiln and the output consists of 5 parameters that are the controls of the kiln. The obtained results satisfy the main objectives of kiln as well as kiln stability in spite of the system variations.
Studies on scavengers of active oxygen species. 1. Synthesis and biological activity of 2-O-alkylascorbic acids (1988)

A novel series of 2-O-alkylascorbic acids (5a-u) was synthesized, and their scavenging activities against active oxygen species as well as their suppressive effects on the arrhythmias in rat heart ischemia-reperfusion models were evaluated. Some 2-O-alkylascorbic acids (5e-1) exhibited potent inhibiting activities against lipid peroxidation in rat brain homogenates and in alleviating effects in the ischemia-reperfusion models. Studies on the structure-activity relationship demonstrated that a free 3-enolic hydroxyl group and the longer alkyl chains substituted on the 2-hydroxyl group of ascorbic acid were beneficial for the biological and pharmacological activities. 2-O-Octadecylascorbic acid (5k, CV-3611), one of the most potent and promising compounds, markedly inhibited lipid peroxidation (IC50 = 4.3 X 10(-6) M) and alleviated myocardial lesions induced by ischemia-reperfusion at an oral dose of 1 mg/kg in rats.
Needle-compatible single fiber bundle image guide reflectance endoscope (2010)

We developed a miniaturized high-resolution low-cost reflectance-mode fiber microscope (RFM) aimed at optical tissue biopsy applications using a polarized imaging configuration to suppress background noise from specular reflectance. The RFM is equipped with an air-cooled light-emitting-diode illumination module and a single 450-microm outer-diameter fiber bundle image guide compatible with a 20-gauge needle. The dual illumination and image acquisition nature of the fiber bundle simplifies the system and reduces the total cost. Imaging tests with a United States Air Force resolution target demonstrate a lateral resolution of approximately 3.5 microm. The performance of the imaging system is evaluated by examining samples of cells and excised human tissue. Still and video rate images are obtainable in reflectance mode using intrinsic contrast.
Long‐term Treatment with Antihypertensive Drugs in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR). Effects on Blood Pressure, Survival Rate and Cardiovascular Design (1974)

Abstract Three age groups of SHR were treated orally with hydralazine and guanethidine. The first “prehypertensive” group was treated from 2.5 until 8 months of age, and thereafter pressure was followed for another 6 months. A delayed and quite modest pressure increase then occurred and average life span was prolonged compared with untreated SHR or SHR treated only from 12 months of age. ‐ The second, 8 months old group, representing “established” hypertension, was treated for 5, 10 or 20 weeks, the last subgroup being followed for another 2 weeks without treatment. Arterial pressure, left ventricular weight and design of the resistance vessels as explored by quantitative hemodynamic analyses, were studied at these intervals. After 5 weeks pressure was normalized with some regression of hypertrophic vascular changes, particularly in females, though the increased wall/lumen ratio appeared to remain and heart weight was only slightly reduced. After 20 weeks with and 2 weeks without treatment, cardiac and vascular design were still the same as during treatment but pressure had now risen considerably. ‐ The third, 14 months old group with “advanced” hypertension was treated for 13 weeks, causing only modest pressure reduction and vascular regression. ‐ This suggests that early treatment has great advantages, that females exhibit more regression of vascular structural changes than males and that late treatment gives less regression, presumably due to addition of less reversible wall components like collagen.
Relationship of cell growth behavior in vitro to tumorigenicity in athymic nude mice. (1976)

The serum requirements, anchorage requirements, saturation densities, and contact inhibition responses of a variety of mammalian cell lines were determined under uniform conditions. The serum requirement of both transformed and normal cells was a sensitive function of initial plating density. Cloning efficiency on irradiated mouse monolayers was found to be an invalid indicator of contact inhibition of growth, since most cell lines that failed to form visible colonies on cell monolayers nonetheless proliferated on these monolayers. When normal and neoplastic cells from a variety of sources were examined, none of the growth parameters that serve to define the transformed state in vitro correlated consistently with cellular tumorigenicity in athymic nude mice. It is concluded that the most reliable and physiologically meaningful assay for malignant transformation is, at present, cellular tumorigenicity in athymic nude mice.
Functional Dissection of Osteoprotegerin and Its Interaction with Receptor Activator of NF-κB Ligand (2005)

The receptor activator of NF-kappaB (RANK) belongs to the neuregulin/tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily and is activated by RANK ligand (RANK-L), a homotrimeric, TNF-like cytokine. RANK is present on the surface of osteoclast cell precursors, where its interaction with RANK-L induces their terminal differentiation into osteoclasts, thus increasing bone breakdown. The secreted, soluble receptor osteoprotegerin (OPG) interrupts this activation by binding directly to RANK-L. Therefore, osteoclast maturation (and bone homeostasis) is regulated in vivo by OPG levels of expression. We have studied the assembly state and affinity of OPG for RANK-L by sedimentation analyses and surface plasmon resonance (Biacore). Full-length, homodimeric OPG binds to RANK-L with a KD of 10 nM. OPG is also a member of the TNF receptor superfamily and contains four disulfide-rich ligand-binding domains, yet lacks a transmembrane region separating the ligand-binding region from the two death domains, as observed for other receptor family members. We showed that dimerization of OPG results from noncovalent interactions mediated by the death domains and to a lesser extent by a C-terminal heparin-binding region. In contrast, a C-terminal intermolecular disulfide bond does not contribute to the formation or stability of OPG dimers. A truncate of osteoprotegerin, containing the ligand-binding domains but lacking the dimerization domains, bound RANK-L with a KD of approximately 3 microM, indicating that monomer oligomerization for the OPG provides an increase of 3 orders of magnitude in the affinity for RANK-L. Therefore, OPG dimer formation is required for the mechanism of inhibition of the RANK-L/RANK receptor interaction.
Limited Restoration of Cystic Fibrosis Lung Epithelium <i>In Vivo</i> with Adult Bone Marrow–derived Cells (2005)

These results demonstrate that adult marrow cells can be recruited to airway epithelium and induced to express Cftr in mice otherwise lacking this protein. However, the number of observed chimeric epithelial cells is small and new strategies for enhancing airway epithelial remodeling by adult bone marrow-derived cells will be necessary for correction of defective CFTR-dependent chloride transport.
Improving signal integrity in circuit boards by incorporating absorbing materials (2002)

Electrical signals that propagate through vias between layers of metal planes in circuit boards will generate radial waves that are guided by the planes. Multiple reflections of these parallel plate waves from the edges of the circuit board will cause resonances that greatly increase the effective impedance between the two planes at the resonant frequencies. Such resonances are highly undesirable for operation of high performance electronic packaging systems since they degrade signal qualities, increase crosstalk level and enhance simultaneous switching noise. In this paper we show that the magnitude of the resonances can be greatly reduced by incorporating an absorbing material between the metal planes at the perimeter of the circuit board. As a result the signal integrity of the system is improved. By using absorbing materials whose loss depends upon magnetic rather than electric effects, it is possible to choose materials whose resistivity is of the order of 10/sup 12/ ohm-cm, making it possible to place the materials directly between power and ground planes without introducing any DC current leakage. These materials are available commercially in flexible and hard, dense forms and can be chosen to enhance losses at either the UHF band or various microwave frequency bands to accommodate different needs. Results of theoretical computation are compared with experiments performed on test boards characterized using a vector network analyzer between 50 MHz and 6 GHz. Significant reduction in input impedance of the test structure at resonance frequencies is obtained, which shows the effectiveness of the proposed method and the accuracy of the calculation method. The paper also evaluates several ways of applying the lossy material.
Interactions of Amyloid β-Peptide (1−40) with Ganglioside-Containing Membranes (1999)

Interactions between amyloid beta-peptides (Abeta) and neuronal membranes have been postulated to play an important role in the neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease. To gain insight into the molecular details of this association, we investigated the interactions of Abeta (1-40) with ganglioside-containing membranes by circular dichroism (CD) and Fourier transform infrared-polarized attenuated total reflection (FTIR-PATR) spectroscopy. The CD study revealed that at physiological ionic strength Abeta (1-40) specifically binds to ganglioside-containing membranes inducing a two-state, unordered --> beta-sheet transition above a threshold intramembrane ganglioside concentration, which depends on the host lipid bilayers used. Furthermore, differences in the number and position of sialic acid residues of the carbohydrate backbone significantly affected the conformational transition of the peptide. FTIR-PATR spectroscopy experiments demonstrated that Abeta (1-40) forms an antiparallel beta-sheet, the plane of which lies parallel to the membrane surface, inducing dehydration of lipid interfacial groups and perturbation of acyl chain orientation. These results suggest that Abeta (1-40) imposes negative curvature strain on ganglioside-containing lipid bilayers, disturbing the structure and function of the membranes.
Reduced <i>CRYL1</i> expression in hepatocellular carcinoma confers cell growth advantages and correlates with adverse patient prognosis (2009)

Homozygous deletion screening has been widely utilized to define tumour suppressor genes (TSGs) in cancers. Although these biallelic deletions are infrequent, their identification has facilitated the discovery of many important TSGs. We have systematically examined the genome of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a highly malignant tumour that is rapidly fatal, for the presence of homozygous deletions. Array-CGH analysis on early passage of HCC cultures and cell lines led us to identify six homozygous deleted (HD) regions. A high concordance between array-CGH and expression of HD genes was demonstrated, where crystallin Lambda1 (CRYL1; located on chromosome 13q12.11) displayed the most frequent down-regulation. We found that reduced mRNA expression of CRYL1 was common in HCC tumours when compared with their adjacent non-tumoural liver (p = 0.0097). Significant associations could also be drawn between repressed CRYL1 and advanced tumour staging, increased tumour size, and shorter disease-free survival of patients (p < 0.037). Moreover, homozygous deletions on CRYL1 could be detected in 36% of HCC cases, where recurrent HDs were identified on exons 1, 5, and 8. Examination of other causal events suggested histone deacetylation and promoter hypermethylation to be likely inactivating mechanisms as well. Re-expression of CRYL1 in the SK-Hep1 cell line, where biallelic loss of CRYL1 was found, induced profound inhibition of cellular proliferation and cell growth (p < 0.0015). By Annexin V staining, CRYL1 restoration readily increased pro-apoptotic cells with an induction of PARP cleavage. Flow cytometry further revealed that CRYL1 could prolong the G(2)-M phase, possibly through interruption of the Cdc2/cyclin B pathway. Given that regional chromosome 13q12-q14 loss is a causal genomic event in HCC tumourigenesis, our finding may have implications for identifying a novel TSG CRYL1 within this important locus.
Evaluation of Homology-Independent CRISPR-Cas9 Off-Target Assessment Methods (2020)

The ability to alter genomes specifically by CRISPR-Cas gene editing has revolutionized biological research, biotechnology, and medicine. Broad therapeutic application of this technology, however, will require thorough preclinical assessment of off-target editing by homology-based prediction coupled with reliable methods for detecting off-target editing. Several off-target site nomination assays exist, but careful comparison is needed to ascertain their relative strengths and weaknesses. In this study, HEK293T cells were treated with <i>Streptococcus pyogenes</i> Cas9 and eight guide RNAs with varying levels of predicted promiscuity in order to compare the performance of three homology-independent off-target nomination methods: the cell-based assay, GUIDE-seq, and the biochemical assays CIRCLE-seq and SITE-seq. The three methods were benchmarked by sequencing 75,000 homology-nominated sites using hybrid capture followed by high-throughput sequencing, providing the most comprehensive assessment of such methods to date. The three methods performed similarly in nominating sequence-confirmed off-target sites, but with large differences in the total number of sites nominated. When combined with homology-dependent nomination methods and confirmation by sequencing, all three off-target nomination methods provide a comprehensive assessment of off-target activity. GUIDE-seq's low false-positive rate and the high correlation of its signal with observed editing highlight its suitability for nominating off-target sites for <i>ex vivo</i> CRISPR-Cas therapies.
Advanced Multipath Mitigation Techniques for Satellite-Based Positioning Applications (2010)

Multipath remains a dominant source of ranging errors in Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), such as the Global Positioning System (GPS) or the future European satellite navigation system Galileo. Multipath is generally considered undesirable in the context of GNSS, since the reception of multipath can make significant distortion to the shape of the correlation function used for time delay estimation. However, some wireless communications techniques exploit multipath in order to provide signal diversity though in GNSS, the major challenge is to effectively mitigate the multipath, since we are interested only in the satellite-receiver transit time offset of the Line-Of-Sight (LOS) signal for the receiver's position estimate. Therefore, the multipath problem has been approached from several directions in order to mitigate the impact of multipath on navigation receivers, including the development of novel signal processing techniques. In this paper, we propose a maximum likelihood-based technique, namely, the Reduced Search Space Maximum Likelihood (RSSML) delay estimator, which is capable of mitigating the multipath effects reasonably well at the expense of increased complexity. The proposed RSSML attempts to compensate the multipath error contribution by performing a nonlinear curve fit on the input correlation function, which finds a perfect match from a set of ideal reference correlation functions with certain amplitude(s), phase(s), and delay(s) of the multipath signal. It also incorporates a threshold-based peak detection method, which eventually reduces the code-delay search space significantly. However, the downfall of RSSML is the memory requirement which it uses to store the reference correlation functions. The multipath performance of other delay-tracking methods previously studied for Binary Phase Shift Keying-(BPSK-) and Sine Binary Offset Carrier- (SinBOC-) modulated signals is also analyzed in closed loop model with the new Composite BOC (CBOC) modulation chosen for Galileo E1 signal. The simulation results show that the RSSML achieves the best multipath mitigation performance in a uniformly distributed two-to-four paths Rayleigh fading channel model for all three modulated signals.
ATP-induced Opposite Changes in the Local Environments around Cys697 (SH2) and Cys707 (SH1) of the Myosin Motor Domain Revealed by the Prodan Fluorescence (1999)

To obtain a consistent view of the nucleotide-induced conformational changes around Cys(697) (SH2) and Cys(707) (SH1) in skeletal myosin subfragment-1 (S-1), the two thiols were labeled with the same environmentally sensitive fluorophore, 6-acyl-2-dimethylaminonaphthalene group, using 6-acryloyl-2-dimethylaminonaphthalene (acrylodan, AD) and 6-bromoacetyl-2-dimethylaminonaphthalene (BD), respectively. The resultant fluorescent derivatives, AD-S-1 and BD-S-1, have the same fluorophore at either SH2 or SH1, which was verified by inspections of changes in the ATPases and the localization of fluorescence after tryptic digestion and CNBr cleavage for the two derivatives. Especially, AD was found to be a very useful fluorescent reagent that readily reacts with only SH2 of S-1. Measurements of the nucleotide-induced changes in fluorescence emission spectra of AD-S-1 and BD-S-1 suggested that during ATP hydrolysis the environment around the fluorophore at SH2 is very distinct from that around the fluorophore at SH1, being defined as that the former has the hydrophobic and closed characteristics, whereas the latter has the hydrophilic and open ones. The KI quenching study of the fluorescence of the two S-1 derivatives confirmed these results. The most straightforward interpretation for the present results is that during ATP hydrolysis, the helix containing SH2 is buried in hydrophobic side chains and rather reinforced, whereas the adjacent helix containing SH1 moves away from its stabilizing tertiary structural environment.
Fas Receptor and Neuronal Cell Death after Spinal Cord Ischemia (2000)

Cell death from spinal cord injury is mediated in part by apoptotic mechanisms involving downstream caspases (e.g., caspase-3). Upstream mechanisms may involve other caspases such as procaspase-8, a 55 kDa apical caspase, which we found constitutively expressed within spinal cord neurons along with Fas. As early as 1.5 hr after transient ischemia, activated caspase-8 (p18) and caspase-8 mRNA appeared within neurons in intermediate gray matter and in medial ventral horn. We also detected evidence for an increase in death receptor complex by co-immunoprecipitation using Fas and anti-procaspase-8 after ischemia. At early time points, Fas and p18 were co-expressed within individual neurons, as were activated caspase-8 and caspase-3. Moreover, we detected p18 in cells before procaspase-3 cleavage product (p20), suggesting sequential activation. The appearance of cytosolic cytochrome c and gelsolin cleavage after ischemia was consistent with mitochondrial release and caspase-3 activation, respectively. Numerous terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated DNA nick end-labeling-positive neurons contained p18 or p20 (65 and 80%, respectively), thereby supporting the idea that cells undergoing cell death contain both processed caspases. Our data are consistent with the idea that transient spinal cord ischemia induces the formation of a death-inducing signaling complex, which may participate in caspase-8 activation and sequential caspase-3 cleavage. Death receptors as well as downstream caspases may be useful therapeutic targets for limiting the death of cells in spinal cord.
Patient-Focused Care (1996)

Patient-focused care shifts hospitals away from a fragmented, overly specialized, bureaucratic, delay-prone model to a new paradigm that centers on the patient's needs and perspective. Many changes take place in the hospital organization when moving to patient-focused care. Suggestions are made to ensure that nutrition and dietetics services are strategically positioned when a hospital makes this transition.
Color as a determined communication (1996)

Although it is possible that one viewer's perception of color may be very different from another's, experimental evidence suggests that the relationships between colors are, in many respects, universal, and thus relatively free from individual and cultural influences. the "experience of color" can be described objectively, so that predictable visual sensations can be elicited by adjusting the relationships among colors. a model of color experience is described that is based on the types of interactions among colors. the model adjusts formal compositional attributes such as hue, value, chroma, and their contrasts, as well as size and proportion. components such as these can be utilized to build a general architecture for adding guidance to interactive systems.
A review of recent advances in solid film lubrication (1987)

Thin, adherent sputtered MoS2 and ion plated metallic (Au, Ag, Pb) lubricating films are primarily used in precision contacting triboelement surfaces where wear debris formation is critical and high reliability requirements have to be satisfied. Detailed structural and compositional characterization of solid film lubricants is of prime importance. It is this information from the nano–micro–macro level which is needed to interpret and improve the frictional behavior and assure long endurance lives. The purpose of this paper is to summarize in a concise review the solid lubricant film structure and morphology and their effects on the tribological properties of the lubricant systems. The tribological performance of thin lubricating films has significantly advanced through progressive understanding of the film parameters such as adhesion, cohesion, interface formation, nucleation and microstructural growth, critical film thickness and substrate finish, and temperature. Sputtered MoS2 and ion plated Au, Ag, and Pb films are separately discussed and evaluated in terms of the above film parameters to establish the most desirable film structures and thicknesses in order to achieve effective lubrication.