gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Artificial Cell Microcapsules Containing Genetically Engineered E. Coli dhs Cells for In-Vitro Lowering of Plasma Potassium, Phosphate, Magnesium, Sodium, Chloride, Uric Acid, Cholesterol, And Creatinine : A Preliminary Report (1999)

Lowering of plasma Mg, P, Na, Cl, uric acid, cholesterol, and creatinine is required in renal failure and other diseases. In this preliminary report, we studied the ability of artificial cells microencapsulated genetically engineered E. coli DH5 cells in lower K, Mg, P, Na, Cl, uric acid, cholestrol, creatinine, and billirubin from plasma in-vitro. Result shows that this novel approach has the ability to significantly lower these metabolites from the plasma in-vitro.
Substrate free GaAs photovoltaic cells on Pd-coated silicon with a 20% AM1.5 efficiency (1996)

Thin-film epitaxial 2/spl times/2.5 mm/sup 2/ GaAs crack free solar cells grown with metal organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) have been successfully lifted-off from their original GaAs substrate using the epitaxial lift-off (ELO) technique and Van der Waals bonded on Pd-coated silicon substrates without degrading the electrical, optical and structural properties of the devices. A 20% AM1.5 energy conversion efficiency was measured for an anti-reflection coated device, with a fill factor of 0.79, a short-circuit current density of 21.84 mA/cm/sup 2/ with respect to the total area and a V/sub oc/ value of 957 mV at 25/spl deg/C. Electron beam induced current (EBIC) and cathodoluminescence (CL) measurements at room temperature were performed on the devices to study their structural properties. The EBIC signal image evidenced a very good homogeneous material with an EBIC contrast (C=(I/sub max/-I)/I/sub max/) below 1%. The variation of the penetration depth of the electron beam for a detection of the different layers of the cell gave nearly the same EBIC contrast. Only a low density of point like defects, that we assume to be structural defects, was evidenced. The CL image signal in comparison to the EBIC image didn't give any additional results for the existence of strong nonradiative recombination centers. Cross-sectional transmission electron measurements (TEM) of the GaAs-Pd interface showed a very intimate and homogeneous bonding between the grafted layer and its host substrate.
Semipolar (1011) InGaN/GaN Laser Diodes on Bulk GaN Substrates (2007)

The first semipolar nitride laser diodes (LDs) have been realized on low extended defect density semipolar (1011) GaN bulk substrates. The LDs were grown by conventional metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Broad area lasers were fabricated and tested under pulsed conditions. Lasing was observed at a duty cycle of 0.025% with a threshold current density (Jth) of 18 kA/cm2. Stimulated emission was observed at 405.9 nm with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of less than 0.3 nm.
Software techniques for two- and three-dimensional kinematic measurements of biological and biomimetic systems (2008)

Researchers studying aspects of locomotion or movement in biological and biomimetic systems commonly use video or stereo video recordings to quantify the behaviour of the system in question, often with an emphasis on measures of position, velocity and acceleration. However, despite the apparent simplicity of video analysis, it can require substantial investment of time and effort, even when performed with adequate software tools. This paper reviews the underlying principles of video and stereo video analysis as well as its automation and is accompanied by fully functional and freely available software implementation.
Virus clearance methods applied in bioprocessing operations: an overview of selected inactivation and removal methods (2014)

Viral safety is an integral component of the process design for products derived from biological sources. While each step may contribute to viral safety, specific steps to remove and or inactivate potential viral contamination should be incorporated. The purpose of this article is to provide a brief overview to some of these specific viral clearance steps and how they may be applied in a manufacturing process. Each of these methodologies have a proven ability to remove or inactivate viruses, however selection and implementation of these methods is dependent on a variety of factors beyond the potential reduction achieved. The application of a selected method should be appropriately investigated and characterized before the implementation into the manufacturing process and subsequent viral safety assessment.
Hydrogels in Biomedical Applications (1980)

Abstract The nature of hydrogel polymers is described together with the range of biomedical applications in which their use has been suggested or described in the literature. The field of contact lens materials has provided the greatest variety of synthetic hydrogels and the material requirements for extended wear lenses present problems that are typical of those encountered in biomedical applications in general. The patient literature relating to contact lenses is reviewed and the development of the composition of hydrogel materials is thereby traced and compared with the range of lens materials currently available. In contrast the most commonly encountered, in fact almost the sole, hydrogel material in the literature relating to those areas more conventionally regarded as biomedical, is poly(2‐hydroxeythyl methacrylate) or polyHEMA. The use of this and related hydrogels in various applications including prostheses, ocular surgery, sature coatings, artificial internal organs and drug delivery systems is reviewed.
Block coding schemefor reduction of peak to mean envelope power ratioof multicarrier transmission schemes (1994)

A block coding scheme for the reduction of the peak to mean envelope power ratio of multicarrier transmission schemes such as OFDM is proposed. The principle of the scheme is illustrated with the specific example of a four-carrier signal. It is shown that the peak to mean envelope power ratio of this signal can be reduced from 6.02 dB to 2.48 dB with a 3/4 rate block code. The application of the block coding principle with flexibility such that the coding rate can be traded against peak to mean envelope power ratio is illustrated with the example of an eight-carrier signal.
Reprogramming of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into cardiomyocytes (2002)

We have isolated a cardiomyogenic cell line (CMG cell) from murine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. The cells showed a fibroblast-like morphology, but the morphology changed after 5-azacytidine exposure. They began spontaneous beating after 2 weeks, and expressed ANP and BNP. Electron microscopy revealed a cardiomyocyte-like ultrastructure. These cells had several types of action potentials: sinus-node-like and ventricular-cell-like action potentials. The isoform of contractile protein genes indicated that their muscle phenotype was similar to fetal ventricular cardiomyocytes. They expressed alpha 1A, alpha 1B, alpha 1D, beta 1, and beta 2 adrenergic and M1 and M2 muscarinic receptors. Stimulation with phenylephrine, isoproterenol and carbachol increased ERK phosphorylation and second messengers. Isoproterenol increased the beating rate, which was blocked with CGP20712A (beta 1-selective blocker). These findings indicated that cell transplantation therapy for the patients with heart failure might possibly be achieved using the regenerated cardiomyocytes from autologous bone marrow cells in the near future.
Characterization, serological specificity, and diagnostic possibilities of monoclonal antibodies against Legionella pneumophila (1983)

Hybridoma-producing monoclonal antibodies against Legionella pneumophila were produced by the fusion of nonsecreting mouse myeloma cells (NS-1) with splenocytes of BALB/c mice immunized by heat-killed L. pneumophila of serogroup I. Of 96 wells, 85 produced clones, of which 28 were positive as measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. Ten of the hybridoma supernatants, remaining positive after 2 months of culture, were tested against the other Legionella serogroups and the atypical strains. None showed significant cross-reaction. Six of the positive clones were subcloned by limiting dilution, and two subclones were put into ascites in BALB/c mice. The monoclonal antibody obtained from the II-6-18 subclone was of the gamma-3 isotype. In this report, we describe the conditions for the use of this monoclonal antibody as a diagnostic tool for the detection of serogroup I L. pneumophila.
Synthesis of thin films by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition using amido and imido titanium(IV) compounds as precursors (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of thin films by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition using amido and imido titanium(IV) compounds as precursorsRenaud M. Fix, Roy G. Gordon, and David M. HoffmanCite this: Chem. Mater. 1990, 2, 3, 235–241Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1990https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00009a010RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views651Altmetric-Citations171LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (859 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
2,4-Diamino-5-[4'-fluoro-3'-halogenophenyl]pyrimidines (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT2,4-Diamino-5-[4'-fluoro-3'-halogenophenyl]pyrimidinesRICHARD BALTZLY, LINDA WRIGHT SHEEHAN, and ALAN STONECite this: J. Org. Chem. 1961, 26, 7, 2353–2355Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01351a050https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01351a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views197Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Specificity of protective immunity induced by porin from Salmonella typhimurium. (1991)

The specificity of protective immunity against Salmonella typhimurium in mice immunized with porins from S. typhimurium, Salmonella enteritidis and Escherichia coli was studied. High levels of protection against S. typhimurium-infection were achieved in mice immunized with porins from S. typhimurium but not from S. enteritidis and E. coli. However, our serological studies demonstrated that porins from S. typhimurium, S. enteritidis and E. coli had antigenic cross-reactivity with each another; in particular, porins immunized with porins from S. typhimurium but not from S. enteritidis or E. coli exhibited the most significant levels of delayed type hypersensitivity reaction, interleukin-2 production and interferon-gamma production when they were elicited with whole cells of S. typhimurium. These observations suggested that the high levels of protection obtained by porin-immunization resulted from the induction of serovar specific cell-mediated immunity.
Electroluminescence of a novel terbium complex (1998)

We describe efficient electroluminescence from a terbium complex, tris-(1-phenyl-3-methyl-4isobutyryl-5-pyrozolone)-bis(triphenyl phosphine oxide) terbium (PTT). The green-emitting material possesses much higher photoluminescence efficiency compared to the commonly used green light emitter, 8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum (ALQ). The rarely observed emission from the hole transport layer, N, N′-bis (3-methylphenyl)- N, N′-diphenyl-benzidine (TPD) of the device ITO/TPD/PTT/Al proves that PTT also is a good electron transporting material. The ITO/TPD/PTT/ALQ/Al device shows luminance up to 920 cd/m2 at a drive voltage of 18 V and a luminous efficiency of 0.51 lm/W at a current density of 0.70 mA/cm2, which are up to now the highest among devices using rare-earth complex materials as emitters.
IL-12p70 Production by <i>Leishmania major</i> -Harboring Human Dendritic Cells Is a CD40/CD40 Ligand-Dependent Process (2000)

Leishmaniasis, a vector-borne parasitic disease, is transmitted during a sandfly blood meal as the parasite is delivered into the dermis. The parasite displays a unique immune evasion mechanism: prevention of IL-12 production within its host cell, the macrophage (i.e., where it differentiates and multiplies). Given the close proximity of skin dendritic cells (DC) to the site of parasite delivery, their critical role in initiating immune responses and the self-healing nature of Leishmania major (Lm) infection, we examined the interaction between myeloid-derived human DC and Lm metacyclic promastigotes (infectious-stage parasites) to model the early "natural" events of infection. We found that DC can take up Lm and, after this internalization, undergo changes in surface phenotype suggesting "maturation". Despite the intracellular location of the parasite and resultant up-regulation of costimulatory and class II molecules, there was no detectable cytokine release by these Lm-harboring DC. However, using intracellular staining and flow cytometry to analyze cytokine production at the single-cell level, we found that Lm-harboring DC, but not monocytes, produce large amounts of IL-12p70 in a CD40 ligand (CD40L)-dependent manner. Finally, DC generated from mononuclear cells from patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis (Lm), once loaded with live metacyclic promastigotes, were found to reactivate autologous primed T lymphocytes and induce a CD40L-dependent IFN-gamma response. Our results link the required CD40/CD40L interactions for healing with DC-derived IL-12p70 production and provide a mechanism to explain the genesis of a protective T cell-mediated response in the face of local immune evasion within the macrophage at the site of Leishmania delivery.
Augmented reality for programming industrial robots (2003)

Existing practice for programming robots involves teaching it a sequence of waypoints in addition to process-related events, which defines the complete robot path. The programming process is time consuming, error prone and, in most cases, requires several iterations before the program quality is acceptable. By introducing augmented reality technologies in this programming process, the operator gets instant real-time, visual feedback of a simulated process in relation to the real object, resulting in reduced programming time and increased quality of the resulting robot program. This paper presents a demonstrator of a standalone augmented reality pilot system allowing an operator to program robot waypoints and process specific events related to paint applications. During the programming sequence, the system presents visual feedback of the paint result for the operator, allowing him to inspect the process result before the robot has performed the actual task.
Methylation of the 5' CpG island of the p16/CDKN2 tumor suppressor gene in normal and transformed human tissues correlates with gene silencing. (1995)

Loss of heterozygosity on 9p21, where the p16/CDKN2 tumor suppressor and the p15INK4B cell cycle regulator genes are located, is a common genetic alteration in bladder cancer. However, it has been difficult to demonstrate homozygous deletions and intragenic mutations in either of these two genes in primary transitional cell carcinomas (TCC) of the bladder. Similarly, colon cancer-derived cell lines have shown no homozygous deletions of the p16/CDKN2 locus in contrast to a wide variety of tumor-derived cell lines. We have investigated abnormal methylation of the 5' CpG islands of the p16/CDKN2 and p15INK4B genes as an alternative mechanism of inactivation of these genes in bladder and colon cancers. De novo methylation of the 5' CpG island of p16/CDKN2 was observed in 12 of 18 (67%) uncultured bladder TCCs and in 2 of 3 (67%) bladder cell lines. In contrast, only 1 of 10 (10%) colon carcinomas showed methylation of the 5' CpG island of p16/CDKN2. It was striking to find that this region was extensively methylated and the gene not expressed in the normal colonic mucosa of 6 of 10 (60%) patients with colon cancer, whereas 5 of the corresponding colon tumors showed no methylation and high levels of p16/CDKN2 expression. Our data show a significant correlation (P = 0.00001, two-sided) between the absence of p16/CDKN2 expression and methylation of its 5' CpG island in bladder tumors, cell lines, and normal colon mucosa. In contrast, no association was observed between expression and methylation status of the 5' CpG island of p15INK4B. Our results suggest that the p16/CDKN2 tumor suppressor gene may be inactivated by methylation of its 5' CpG island in TCCs of the bladder. We also present evidence of methylation of the 5' CpG island in this autosomal gene in normal colonic tissue.
Multilingual prosody modelling using cascades of regression trees and neural networks (1999)

This paper describes the use of automatically-trained models (Regression Trees and Multilayer Perceptrons) to predict three prosodic variables – phrase-boundary strength, word prominence and phoneme duration. The models are arranged in a cascade so that the predictions of phrase-boundaries are used as input features to the prominence model, and so on. Cascade models of this type have been constructed for 6 languages, using specially constructed databases, and objective performance statistics are described. For two languages (American English and Dutch) the results of a subjective evaluation experiment suggest that these prosodic models are at least as good as hand-crafted models, and sometimes better. Furthermore, preparing the training data automatically, rather than by manual labelling, seems to have no negative impact on the model performance.
Tobacco components stimulate Akt-dependent proliferation and NFκB-dependent survival in lung cancer cells (2005)

Retrospective studies have shown that patients with tobacco-related cancers who continue to smoke after their diagnoses have lower response rates and shorter median survival compared with patients who stop smoking. To provide insight into the biologic basis for these clinical observations, we tested whether two tobacco components, nicotine or the tobacco-specific carcinogen, 4-(methylnitrosoamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), could activate the Akt pathway and increase lung cancer cell proliferation and survival. Nicotine or NNK, rapidly and potently, activated Akt in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) or small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells. Nicotinic activation of Akt increased phosphorylation of multiple downstream substrates of Akt in a time-dependent manner, including GSK-3, FKHR, tuberin, mTOR and S6K1. Since nicotine or NNK bind to cell surface nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAchR), we used RT-PCR to assess expression of nine alpha and three beta nAchR subunits in five NSCLC cell lines and two types of primary lung epithelial cells. NSCLC cells express multiple nAchR subunits in a cell line-specific manner. Agonists of alpha3/alpha4 or alpha7 subunits activated Akt in a time-dependent manner, suggesting that tobacco components utilize these subunits to activate Akt. Cellular outcomes after nicotine or NNK administration were also assessed. Nicotine or NNK increased proliferation of NSCLC cells in an Akt-dependent manner that was closely linked with changes in cyclin D1 expression. Despite similar induction of proliferation, only nicotine decreased apoptosis caused by serum deprivation and/or chemotherapy. Protection conferred by nicotine was NFkappaB-dependent. Collectively, these results identify tobacco component-induced, Akt-dependent proliferation and NFkappaB-dependent survival as cellular processes that could underlie the detrimental effects of smoking in cancer patients.
DNA stainability in aneuploid breast tumors: Comparison of four DNA fluorochromes differing in binding properties (1992)

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether or not the differences in chromatin structure between diploid stromal cells or lymphocytes, which are often used as DNA ploidy standard, and aneuploid breast tumor cells can significantly affect the estimates of the DNA index of these tumors. To this end, the DNA content estimates of 34 aneuploid breast tumors, differing in size, degree of differentiation, and presence or absence of estrogen and progesterone receptors and metastases, were compared using four common DNA fluorochromes: DAPI, Hoechst 33342, propidium iodide, and acridine orange. These dyes differ in their mode of interaction with DNA (binding to minor groove or intercalation) and for each of them binding to DNA is restricted to a different degree by nuclear proteins. It was expected, therefore, that if differences in chromatin structure play a role in DNA content estimates, the DNA index of the measured tumors may vary depending on the dye. The cell nuclei were isolated from the tumors using a detergent-based procedure and stained with each of the dyes and the DNA index was estimated using peripheral blood lymphocytes as a DNA content standard. For each of the tumors, the DNA index estimates with all four dyes correlated very well. When the results obtained with individual dyes were compared in pairs, the correlation coefficients (r) of DNA indices were all above 0.96 (correlation at p less than 0.001). The best concordance was seen between specimens stained with Hoechst 33342 and DAPI (r = 0.99), and the least between those stained with Hoechst 33342 and propidium iodide (r = 0.96). The data indicate that DNA content analysis of unfixed nuclei, utilizing the above fluorochromes, is not significantly biased by differences in chromatin structure of the measured cells.