gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of cerebral aneurysms for assessing risk of rupture by using patient-specific computational hemodynamics models. (2006)

Image-based patient-specific numeric models can be constructed in an efficient manner that allows clinical studies of intra-aneurysmal hemodynamics. A simple flow characterization system was proposed, and interesting trends in the association between hemodynamic features and aneurysmal rupture were found. Simple stable patterns, large impingement regions, and jet sizes were more commonly seen with unruptured aneurysms. By contrast, ruptured aneurysms were more likely to have disturbed flow patterns, small impingement regions, and narrow jets.
Modification of spasticity by transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation in individuals with incomplete spinal cord injury (2013)

These preliminary results suggest that tSCS, similar to epidurally delivered stimulation, may be used for spasticity control, without negatively impacting residual motor control in incomplete SCI. Further study in a larger population is warranted.
Complexes of Sendai virus NP-P and P-L proteins are required for defective interfering particle genome replication in vitro (1992)

We present evidence that the formation of NP-P and P-L protein complexes is essential for replication of the genome of Sendai defective interfering (DI-H) virus in vitro, using extracts of cells expressing these viral proteins from plasmids. Optimal replication of DI-H nucleocapsid RNA required extracts of cells transfected with critical amounts and ratios of each of the plasmids and was three- to fivefold better than replication with a control extract prepared from a natural virus infection. Extracts in which NP and P proteins were coexpressed supported replication of the genome of purified DI-H virus which contained endogenous polymerase proteins, but extracts in which NP and P were expressed separately and then mixed were inactive. Similarly, the P and L proteins must be coexpressed for biological activity. The replication data thus suggest that two protein complexes, NP-P and P-L, are required for nucleocapsid RNA replication and that these complexes must form during or soon after synthesis of the proteins. Biochemical evidence in support of the formation of each complex includes coimmunoprecipitation of both proteins of each complex with an antibody specific for one component and cosedimentation of the subunits of each complex. We propose that the P-L complex serves as the RNA polymerase and NP-P is required for encapsidation of newly synthesized RNA.
Modeling Web sources for information integration (1998)

The Web is based on a browsing paradigm that makes it difficult to retrieve and integrate data from multiple sites. Today, the only way to do this is to build specialized applications, which are time-consuming to develop and difficult to maintain. We are addressing this problem by creating the technology and tools for rapidly constructing information agents that extract, query, and integrate data from web sources. Our approach is based on a simple, uniform representation that makes it efficienttointegrate multiple sources. Instead of building specialized algorithms for handling web sources, wehavedeveloped methods for mapping web sources into this uniform representation. This approach builds on work from knowledge representation, machine learning and automated planning. The resulting system, called Ariadne, makes it fast and cheap to build new information agents that access existing web sources. Ariadne also makes it easy to maintain these agents and incorporate new sources...
Adrenal Masses: Quantification of Fat Content with Double-Echo Chemical Shift In-Phase and Opposed-Phase FLASH MR Images for Differentiation of Adrenal Adenomas (2001)

Preliminary experience indicates that quantitative measurement of the fat fraction of adrenal masses is possible with the double-echo chemical shift FLASH technique and allows for differentiating adrenal adenomas from other adrenal masses.
ChemInform Abstract: Advances in the Grinding Efficiency of Sintered Alumina Abrasives. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
EFFECT OF GENETIC DISRUPTION OF POLY (ADP-RIBOSE) SYNTHETASE ON DELAYED PRODUCTION OF INFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS AND DELAYED NECROSIS DURING MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION INJURY (2000)

The nuclear enzyme poly (ADP ribose) synthetase (PARS) has been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of various forms of ischemia or reperfusion injury and circulatory shock. Recent studies demonstrated that inhibition or genetic inactivation of PARS is beneficial in the early phase of myocardial reperfusion injury. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether inactivation of PARS influences the delayed myocardial necrosis and the production of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10), and the free radical nitric oxide in the late stage of myocardial reperfusion injury. The results demonstrate that genetic disruption of PARS provides marked protection against the delayed myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury. In addition, in the absence of functional PARS, a suppression of TNFalpha, IL-10, and nitric oxide production was found. These findings provide direct evidence that PARS activation participates in the development of delayed cell injury and delayed mediator production in myocardial reperfusion injury.
Impact of thermal strain on the dielectric constant of sputtered barium strontium titanate thin films (2002)

Barium strontium titanate thin films were deposited by sputtering on Pt/SiO2 structures using five different host substrates: magnesium oxide, strontium titanate, sapphire, silicon, and vycor glass. These substrates were chosen to provide a systematic change in thermal strain while maintaining the same film microstructure. All films have a weakly textured microstructure. Temperature dependent dielectric measurements from 100–500 K determined that decreasing thermal expansion coefficient of the host substrate (i.e., larger tensile thermal strain) reduced the film dielectric permittivity. The experimentally determined Curie–Weiss temperature decreased with increasing tensile thermal strain and the Curie–Weiss constant increased with tensile strain as predicted by Pertsev et al. [J. Appl. Phys. 85, 1698 (1999)].
Development of ArF immersion exposure tool (2005)

Immersion lithography systems with a 193 nm light source are being pursued in the industry. This paper presents the results of the study we have made on various aspects of the exposure system, and gives the status of exposure system development together with the challenges involved. If there are fluctuations in the flow rate of immersion fluid, i.e. ultrapure water, the positioning accuracy of the wafer stage may be affected. Similarly, temperature changes in the fluid can significantly influence imaging performance of the projection optics. We have developed an ultrapure water supply control system which allows direct connection to the ultrapure water line of the existing fabs and enables constant-temperature, constant-flow rate control of the water with high stability. The evaluation results of this system will be shown. Photoresist materials such as photo-acid generator, PAG, dissolved into the water are a cause of concern for lens contamination. The challenge for exposure tool suppliers in terms of contamination control is to specify the permissible dissolution amount. To this end, wet contamination tests are in progress, and the findings to date will be discussed in this paper. Two verification tools for immersion exposure are built: a two-beam interference exposure tool and a full-field alpha-site scanner. Using the alpha tool, the evaluation results of full wafer CD uniformity including edge dies will be presented. Also, defect analysis results will be shown, specifically the impact of air bubbles on patterning.
Some Recent Advances in Hydrolysis of Biomass in Hot-Compressed Water and Its Comparisons with Other Hydrolysis Methods (2007)

Biomass hydrolysis extracts, particularly sugars and other useful derivatives, are important products for further conversion to produce biofuels. The past 2 decades have witnessed significant research and development activities using hot-compressed water for the hydrolysis and conversion of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignocellulosic biomass materials. This paper summarizes the decomposition mechanisms and hydrolysis products of these materials under various conditions in hot-compressed water. Key factors determining hydrolysis behavior in hot-compressed water are also discussed. Comparisons are made between hydrolysis in hot-compressed water and hydrolysis using other technologies, including acid hydrolysis, alkaline hydrolysis, and enzymatic hydrolysis. Advantages, disadvantages, typical operation conditions, products properties, and applicability are summarized. Key research issues on hydrolysis in hot-compressed water are identified, and future research prospects to further improve the technology are discussed.
Managing scheme for 3-dimensional geo-features using XML (2002)

Geo-features play a key role in object-oriented or feature-based geo-processing system. So the strategy for how-to-manage and how-to-model the geo-features builds the main architecture of the entire system and also supports the efficiency and functionality of the system. Unlike the conventional 2D geo-processing system, geo-features in 3D GIS have lots to be considered to model regarding the efficient manipulation, analysis and visualization. The authors built a set of 3D geo-features, and each geo-feature contains a set of aspatial data and 3D geo-primitives. The 3D geo-primitives contain the fundamental modeling data such as the height of building and the burial depth of gas pipeline. They separated the additional modeling data on the geometry and appearance of the model from the fundamental modeling data to make the table in database more concise and to allow the users more freedom to represent the geo-object. To get the users to build and exchange their own 3D GIS data, the authors devised a file format named VGFF 2.0(Virtual GIS File Format). It is to describe the three dimensional geo-information in XML (eXtensible Markup Language). They also developed the authoring tools for users to create their own 3D geo-features and geo-objects and to edit and save them in VGFF 2.0 format.
Expert review document part 2: methodology, terminology and clinical applications of optical coherence tomography for the assessment of interventional procedures (2012)

Expert review document part 2: methodology, terminology and clinical applications of optical coherence tomography for the assessment of interventional procedures.
Identification of Bacillus Strains Using the API System (1984)

A system is described for the rapid and accurate identification of Bacillus isolates using a matrix of results from tests in the API 20E and API 50CHB strips and from supplementary tests. API System tests have been shown to be more reproducible than the classical tests. A taxonomy based upon API tests is in good agreement with those obtained by other methods. The results matrix can also be used in computer assisted identification.
Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor gene is induced in the mouse uterus temporally by the blastocyst solely at the site of its apposition: a possible ligand for interaction with blastocyst EGF-receptor in implantation (1994)

Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) is a newly discovered member of the EGF family of growth factors. HB-EGF can bind to two loci on cell surfaces, heparan sulphate proteoglycans and EGF-receptor (EGF-R), and either one or both of these interactions could play a role in cell-cell interactions. In the rodent, increased endometrial vascular permeability at the site of blastocyst apposition is considered to be an earliest discernible prerequisite event in the process of implantation and this event coincides with the initial attachment reaction between the blastocyst trophectoderm and uterine luminal epithelium. This investigation demonstrates that the HB-EGF gene is expressed in the mouse uterine luminal epithelium surrounding the blastocyst 6-7 hours before the attachment reaction that occurs at 2200-2300 hours on day 4 of pregnancy. It was further demonstrated that this gene is not expressed in the luminal epithelium at the site of the blastocyst apposition during the progesterone-maintained delayed implantation, but is readily induced in the luminal epithelium surrounding an activated blastocyst after termination of the delay by an estrogen injection. In vitro studies showed that HB-EGF induced blastocyst EGF-R autophosphorylation, and promoted blastocyst growth, zona-hatching and trophoblast outgrowth. These results suggest possible interactions between the uterine HB-EGF and blastocyst EGF-R very early in the process of implantation, earlier than any other embryo-uterine interactions defined to date at the molecular level.
Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Small Carbohydrate Fuels at Pt−Sn Modified Electrodes (1998)

The electrocatalytic oxidations of water-soluble alcohols and diols and some other small organic molecules (MeOH, EtOH, 2-fluoroethanol, 2,2-difluoroethanol, 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol, CH2(OH)2, ethylene glycol, n-PrOH, i-PrOH, 1,4-butanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,2-propanediol, t-BuOH, neopentyl alcohol, benzyl alcohol, 2-Me-1-PrOH, formic acid, acetaldehyde, acetic acid, propionaldehyde, propionic acid, acetone, glycolaldehyde, glyoxal, glycolic acid, glyoxylic acid, oxalic acid) have been compared in aqueous 0.5 M H2SO4 at C and Au electrodes modified with an electrodeposited Pt−Sn catalyst at low (−0.1 to 0.5 V vs SCE) potentials. The Pt−Sn catalyst is electrochemically deposited and forms as a smooth deposit on Au electrodes. At a catalyst loading of ∼0.5 mg/cm2 the electrodeposition of the Pt−Sn catalyst results in formation of adherent ∼0.8 μm size particles on C electrodes. In general, for organic molecules containing only C, H, and O with two or more carbon atoms, the presence of H atoms on both the α- and β-carbon results in a relatively negative potential for onset of catalytic current (usually between −0.1 and −0.2 V vs SCE) at Pt−Sn compared to Pt alone. Of the alcohols and diols studied, formaldehyde (which exists in aqueous solutions as the hydrated form, CH2(OH)2) shows the highest electrocatalytic currents at the Pt−Sn catalyst. The ultimate product, via HCOOH, is CO2. EtOH is oxidized only to acetic acid on Pt−Sn electrodes. The EtOH and n-PrOH oxidation yields, determined by exhaustive electrolysis, are 4 e- per molecule, while i-PrOH yields only 2 e- per molecule. We confirmed the generation of acetic acid, propionic acid, and acetone as the final products for the oxidations of EtOH, n-PrOH, and i-PrOH, respectively, by 13C NMR and/or GCMS. The electron yield of the oxidation of ethylene glycol at Pt−Sn surfaces is only 4 e- per molecule instead of the value of 8 e- per molecule expected for the oxidation of ethylene glycol to oxalic acid. Glycolic acid (CHOCOOH) is the oxidation product by GCMS. This substance is not electrocatalytically oxidized on Pt−Sn at potentials negative of ∼ +0.4 V vs SCE in comparison to the −0.1 V vs SCE onset for ethylene glycol oxidation. MeOH, the molecule with the highest electron yield on Pt−Sn (6 e- per molecule), unfortunately shows the most positive potential onset for oxidation among the group of alcohols compared in this study, while the two intermediates along the path of oxidation to CO2, formaldehyde, and formic acid are oxidized on Pt−Sn at very negative potentials compared to MeOH. Thus, the conversion of MeOH to formaldehyde is the efficiency-determining step in the oxidation of MeOH to CO2.
Reversibility of arginine-specific mono(ADP-ribosyl)ation: identification in erythrocytes of an ADP-ribose-L-arginine cleavage enzyme. (1985)

Enzymes have been identified in animal tissues that catalyze the mono(ADP-ribosyl)ation of arginine and proteins. Since these NAD:arginine ADP-ribosyltransferases under physiological conditions do not appear to catalyze the degradation of the product ADP-ribose-arginine, the possibility was investigated that a different family of enzymes exists that cleaves the ADP-ribose-arginine linkage. An enzyme was identified in and partially purified from turkey erythrocytes that catalyzed the degradation of ADP-ribose-[14C]arginine synthesized by a salt-activated NAD:arginine ADP-ribosyl-transferase, resulting in the release of a radiolabeled compound that was characterized chromatographically and by amino acid analysis as arginine. This putative arginine product was converted in a reaction dependent on NAD and the NAD:arginine ADP-ribosyltransferase to a compound exhibiting properties characteristic of ADP-ribose-arginine. Action of cleavage enzyme on [adenine-U-14C]ADP-ribose-arginine resulted in the release of a radiolabeled compound that behaved chromatographically like [adenine-U-14C]ADP-ribose. Since degradation of ADP-ribose-arginine appears to generate an arginine moiety that is a substrate for the NAD:arginine ADP-ribosyltransferase, it appears that ADP-ribosylation may be a reversible modification of proteins.
Recency and duration neglect in subjective assessment of television picture quality (2001)

Abstract Digitally coded television pictures exhibit transient picture impairments that can vary in intensity and duration. It is an important practical question to determine the extent to which these transient impairments affect the overall quality of a television sequence, as a function of their location within the sequence, their duration and their magnitude. Five experiments are reported. It is shown that retrospective quality ratings are poorer when the worst‐quality video occurs at the end compared to the beginning of a 30 s video sequence. This recency effect was eliminated when subjects were asked to continuously evaluate picture quality. The duration of an impairment was found to have little impact on quality ratings. A regression analysis found that quality ratings were best predicted by the peak impairment intensity. The results were interpreted in terms of Hogarth and Einhorn's ( 1992 ) belief‐adjustment model. The implications for television picture quality evaluation are discussed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Blocking vascular endothelial growth factor with soluble Flt‐1 improves the chondrogenic potential of mouse skeletal muscle–derived stem cells (2008)

Soluble Flt-1 gene therapy improved the BMP-4- and TGFbeta3-induced chondrogenic gene expression of MDSCs in vitro and improved the persistence of articular cartilage repair by preventing vascularization and bone invasion into the repaired articular cartilage.
Evaluation of Serum Interleukin-8 as a Marker of Disease Activity in Acute Asthma in Children (2000)

Cytokine-mediated interactions among the inflammatory cells may play a role in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma. Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is a major cytokine in the recruitment of neutrophils to the area of inflammation. Serum IL-8 is a marker of disease activity and treatment efficacy in bronchial asthma. To understand the role of IL-8 in disease activity in acute asthma, changes in serum concentrations of IL-8 elaborated by activated eosinophil before and after prednisolone therapy with clinical improvement were determined in the present study. Circulating levels of IL-8 in 15 normal control subjects and in sera from 20 allergic asthmatic children with acute exacerbation and in stable condition were determined by using commercially available assay kits. The mean concentration of serum IL-8 was statistically significantly higher in asthmatic children with acute exacerbation (63.62 +/- 11.41 pg/mL) and in stable asthmatics (64.22 +/- 10.31 pg/mL) compared to the control group subjects (50.40 +/- 30.70 pg/mL; p < 0.01). However, the difference was not statistically significant between the acute exacerbation and stable asthmatics groups (p > 0.05). Serum IL-8 is a poor indicator of disease activity in acute asthma; therefore, monitoring by serum IL-8 concentration is of limited value. The clinical value of serum IL-8 as a marker of disease activity remains to be established.
Chronic low-back pain and its response to custom-made foot orthoses (1999)

A new approach to treating chronic low-back pain with custom-made foot orthoses was investigated. The Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale was used to objectively assess the functional disability of 32 subjects at different times. Subjects in this prospective study experienced more than twice the improvement in alleviation of pain, and for twice as long, compared with subjects in a study using traditional back-pain treatment. The authors believe that the findings of this study may provide a new method by which patients with chronic low-back pain can be evaluated and treated.
An algorithm for unsupervised topic discovery from broadcast news stories (2002)

The cost of annotating a large corpus with thousands of distinct topics is high. In addition, human annotators usually fail to indicate all of the relevant topics for each document. It would be desirable to determine the topics in any new domain or language automatically, given only a large corpus in that domain and language. We present an algorithm called Unsupervised Topic Discovery, which creates topics from a collection of news stories, provides a human understandable topic label and then assigns the topics to the news stories. Finally, we report our results on a collection of broadcast news stories in English and Arabic.
The helicase activity associated with hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 3 (NS3) (1996)

To assess the RNA helicase activity of hepatitis C virus (HCV) nonstructural protein 3 (NS3), a polypeptide encompassing amino acids 1175 to 1657, which cover only the putative helicase domain, was expressed in Escherichia coli by a pET expression vector. The protein was purified to near homogeneity and assayed for RNA helicase activity in vitro with double-stranded RNA substrates prepared from a multiple cloning sequence and an HCV 5' nontranslated region (5'-NTR) or 3'-NTR. The enzyme acted successfully on substrates containing both 5' and 3' single-stranded regions (standard) or on substrates containing only the 3' single-stranded regions (3'/3') but failed to act on substrates containing only the 5' single-stranded regions (5'/5') or on substrates lacking the single-stranded regions (blunt). These results thus suggest 3' to 5' directionality for HCV RNA helicase activity. However, a 5'/5' substrate derived from the HCV 5'-NTR was also partially unwound by the enzyme, possibly because of unique properties inherent in the 5' single-stranded regions. Gel mobility shift analyses demonstrated that the HCV NS3 helicase could bind to either 5'- or 3'-tailed substrates but not to substrates lacking a single-stranded region, indicating that the polarity of the RNA strand to which the helicase bound was a more important enzymatic activity determinant. In addition to double-stranded RNA substrates, HCV NS3 helicase activity could displace both RNA and DNA oligonucleotides on a DNA template, suggesting that HCV NS3 too was disposed to DNA helicase activity. This study also demonstrated that RNA helicase activity was dramatically inhibited by the single-stranded polynucleotides. Taken altogether, our results indicate that the HCV NS3 helicase is unique among the RNA helicases characterized so far.