gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A solution elements based cooperative assembly system for mechatronic virtual prototyping (2004)

In order to catch up with the steps of rapidly changing markets, the product development period of modern mechatronic products has to be as short as possible. However, mechatronic engineering is based on the interaction of mechanics, electronics, control engineering and software. Therefore, inefficient communication between the engineers who come from different disciplines becomes a manifest obstruction for accelerating mechatronic products design. Furthermore, with increasingly complex mechatronic products, this problem becomes even worse. Nevertheless, innovations in the field of virtual prototyping offer potential solutions to this problem. We present a concept for a cooperative assembly and analysis system, which utilizes virtual reality techniques to facilitate virtual prototyping in a multi-disciplinary workgroup. We also introduce a prototype implementation of the concept.
A review of advanced and practical lithium battery materials (2011)

Presented herein is a discussion of the forefront in research and development of advanced electrode materials and electrolyte solutions for the next generation of lithium ion batteries. The main challenge of the field today is in meeting the demands necessary to make the electric vehicle fully commercially viable. This requires high energy and power densities with no compromise in safety. Three families of advanced cathode materials (the limiting factor for energy density in the Li battery systems) are discussed in detail: LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 high voltage spinel compounds, Li2MnO3–LiMO2 high capacity composite layered compounds, and LiMPO4, where M = Fe, Mn. Graphite, Si, LixTOy, and MO (conversion reactions) are discussed as anode materials. The electrolyte is a key component that determines the ability to use high voltage cathodes and low voltage anodes in the same system. Electrode–solution interactions and passivation phenomena on both electrodes in Li-ion batteries also play significant roles in determining stability, cycle life and safety features. This presentation is aimed at providing an overall picture of the road map necessary for the future development of advanced high energy density Li-ion batteries for EV applications.
Conventional T-bet+Foxp3− Th1 cells are the major source of host-protective regulatory IL-10 during intracellular protozoan infection (2007)

Although interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) secretion is essential for control of most intracellular pathogens, host survival often also depends on the expression of interleukin 10 (IL-10), a cytokine known to counteract IFN-gamma effector functions. We analyzed the source of regulatory IL-10 in mice infected with the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Unexpectedly, IFN-gamma-secreting T-bet(+)Foxp3(-) T helper type 1 (Th1) cells were found to be the major producers of IL-10 in these animals. Further analysis revealed that the same IL-10(+)IFN-gamma(gamma) population displayed potent effector function against the parasite while, paradoxically, also inducing profound suppression of IL-12 production by antigen-presenting cells. Although at any given time point only a fraction of the cells appeared to simultaneously produce IL-10 and IFN-gamma, IL-10 production could be stimulated in IL-10(-)IFN-gamma(+) cells by further activation in vitro. In addition, experiments with T. gondii-specific IL-10(+)IFN-gamma(+) CD4 clones revealed that although IFN-gamma expression is imprinted and triggered with similar kinetics regardless of the state of Th1 cell activation, IL-10 secretion is induced more rapidly from recently activated than from resting cells. These findings indicate that IL-10 production by CD4(+) T lymphocytes need not involve a distinct regulatory Th cell subset but can be generated in Th1 cells as part of the effector response to intracellular pathogens.
Bcl‐2 expression identifies patients with advanced bladder cancer treated by radiotherapy who benefit from neoadjuvant chemotherapy (2000)

Quantifying Bcl-2 in patients undergoing radiotherapy for advanced bladder cancer identifies those who may benefit from neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Further studies of other members of the Bcl-2 family and other proteins controlling both cell proliferation and apoptosis are warranted, to define the roles and the interactions between them that may contribute to oncogenesis and resistance to standard treatments. This may allow the targeting of specific treatments to patients known to be sensitive to them, and aid the future development of novel therapies for bladder cancer.
An In Vitro Study of the Antimicrobial Effects of Indigo Naturalis Prepared from Strobilanthes formosanus Moore (2013)

Indigo naturalis is effective in treating nail psoriasis coexisting with microorganism infections. This study examines the antimicrobial effects of indigo naturalis prepared from Strobilanthes formosanus Moore. Eight bacterial and seven fungal strains were assayed using the agar diffusion method to examine the effects of indigo naturalis and its bioactive compounds. The bioactive compounds of indigo naturalis were purified sequentially using GFC, TLC, and HPLC. Their structures were identified using mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. UPLC-MS/MS was applied to compare the metabolome profiles of indigo naturalis ethyl-acetate (EA) extract and its source plant, Strobilanthes formosanus Moore. The results of in vitro antimicrobial assays showed that indigo naturalis EA-extract significantly (≥1 mg/disc) inhibits Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermis and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA)) and mildly inhibits non-dermatophytic onychomycosis pathogens (Aspergillus fumigates and Candida albicans), but has little effect on dermatophyes. Isatin and tryptanthrin were identified as the bioactive compounds of indigo naturalis using S. aureus and S. epidermis as the bioassay model. Both bioactive ingredients had no effect on all tested fungi. In summary, indigo naturalis prepared from Strobilanthes formosanus Moore exhibits antimicrobial effects on Staphylococcus and non-dermatophytic onychomycosis pathogens. Tryptanthrin and isatin may be its major bioactive ingredients against Staphylococcus and the inhibitory effect on MRSA may be due to other unidentified ingredients.
Development and Evaluation of a PCR-Based Assay for Detection of <i>Haemobartonella felis</i> in Cats and Differentiation of <i>H. felis</i> from Related Bacteria by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis (1998)

The 16S rRNA gene of Haemobartonella felis was amplified by using universal eubacterial primers and was subsequently cloned and sequenced. Based on this sequence data, we designed a set of H. felis-specific primers. These primers selectively amplified a 1,316-bp DNA fragment of the 16S rRNA gene of H. felis from each of four experimentally infected cats at peak parasitemia. No PCR product was amplified from purified DNA of Eperythrozoon suis, Mycoplasma genitalium, and Bartonella bacilliformis. Blood from the experimental cats prior to infection was negative for PCR products and was greatly diminished or absent 1 month after doxycycline treatment. The overall sequence identity of this fragment varied by less than 1.0% among experimentally infected cats. By taking into consideration the secondary structure of the 16S rRNA molecule, we were able to further verify the alignment of nucleotides and quality of our sequence data. In this PCR assay, the minimum detectable number of H. felis organisms was determined to be between 50 and 704. The potential usefulness of restriction enzymes DdeI and MnlI for distinguishing H. felis from closely related bacteria was examined. This is the first report of the utility of PCR-facilitated diagnosis and discrimination of H. felis infection in cats.
A Two-Frequency Coincidence Addressing Scheme for Nematic-Liquid-Crystal Displays (1971)

We describe a new coincidence addressing plan for nematic-liquid-crystal dynamic-scattering displays which is based on the temporal coincidence of low- and high-frequency electrical signals. The experimental threshold-voltage condition is in agreement with that calculated from an extension of Helfrich's conduction-induced alignment model.
Stability of Materials as Candidates for Sulfur-Resistant Anodes of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (2006)

Development of sulfur-resistant anode materials for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) is critical to cost reduction of SOFC technologies. In this paper, we report the thermodynamic stability of various candidate materials for sulfur-resistant anodes of SOFCs, including metal carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides, perovskite-structured oxides, and transition metal sulfides. The most probable reaction between each candidate material and hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-containing fuels under SOFC operating conditions (i.e., high temperature, reducing atmosphere with significant concentration of water vapor) were predicted and compared with experimental observations. It was found that proper thermodynamic analysis provided accurate prediction of the stability for a wide range of materials and significantly reduced the number of candidate materials for further in-depth study.
Small-Molecule Inhibitors of USP1 Target ID1 Degradation in Leukemic Cells (2013)

Inhibitor of DNA binding 1 (ID1) transcription factor is essential for the proliferation and progression of many cancer types, including leukemia. However, the ID1 protein has not yet been therapeutically targeted in leukemia. ID1 is normally polyubiquitinated and degraded by the proteasome. Recently, it has been shown that USP1, a ubiquitin-specific protease, deubiquitinates ID1 and rescues it from proteasome degradation. Inhibition of USP1 therefore offers a new avenue to target ID1 in cancer. Here, using a ubiquitin-rhodamine-based high-throughput screening, we identified small-molecule inhibitors of USP1 and investigated their therapeutic potential for leukemia. These inhibitors blocked the deubiquitinating enzyme activity of USP1 in vitro in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 in the high nanomolar range. USP1 inhibitors promoted the degradation of ID1 and, concurrently, inhibited the growth of leukemic cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. A known USP1 inhibitor, pimozide, also promoted ID1 degradation and inhibited growth of leukemic cells. In addition, the growth of primary acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) patient-derived leukemic cells was inhibited by a USP1 inhibitor. Collectively, these results indicate that the novel small-molecule inhibitors of USP1 promote ID1 degradation and are cytotoxic to leukemic cells. The identification of USP1 inhibitors therefore opens up a new approach for leukemia therapy.
Reciprocal Translation between SAR and Optical Remote Sensing Images with Cascaded-Residual Adversarial Networks (2019)

Despite the advantages of all-weather and all-day high-resolution imaging, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images are much less viewed and used by general people because human vision is not adapted to microwave scattering phenomenon. However, expert interpreters can be trained by comparing side-by-side SAR and optical images to learn the mapping rules from SAR to optical. This paper attempts to develop machine intelligence that are trainable with large-volume co-registered SAR and optical images to translate SAR image to optical version for assisted SAR image interpretation. Reciprocal SAR-Optical image translation is a challenging task because it is raw data translation between two physically very different sensing modalities. This paper proposes a novel reciprocal adversarial network scheme where cascaded residual connections and hybrid L1-GAN loss are employed. It is trained and tested on both spaceborne GF-3 and airborne UAVSAR images. Results are presented for datasets of different resolutions and polarizations and compared with other state-of-the-art methods. The FID is used to quantitatively evaluate the translation performance. The possibility of unsupervised learning with unpaired SAR and optical images is also explored. Results show that the proposed translation network works well under many scenarios and it could potentially be used for assisted SAR interpretation.
Pseudo-Inverse MMSE Based QRD-M Algorithm for MIMO OFDM (2006)

We propose a pseudo-inverse minimum mean squared error (MMSE) based QR decomposition (QRD) M-algorithm (QRD-M) for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. The proposed algorithm can effectively mitigate the detrimental effect of MIMO channel ill-conditions on the bit error rate (BER) performance. As a result, the number of retained branches (M value) can be reduced to half of the original QRD-M algorithm in [1] in order to achieve the same performance for both the uncoded and coded systems. The detection complexity is therefore greatly reduced.
The art of good management (2000)

This week the king's fund launches the national network for arts in health. Lara Ellen Dose describes how arts initiatives can improve staff wellbeing and performance
Antiviral Potency of APOBEC Proteins Does Not Correlate with Cytidine Deamination (2006)

The human cytidine deaminases APOBEC3G (hA3G) and APOBEC3F (hA3F) are intracellular antiretroviral factors that can hypermutate nascent reverse transcripts and inhibit the replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Both enzymes have two cytidine deaminase motifs, although only the C-terminal motif is catalytic. Current models of APOBEC protein function imply editing is the principal mechanism of antiviral activity. In particular, hA3G is a more potent inhibitor of HIV-1 infectivity than hA3F and also induces a greater frequency of mutations in HIV-1 cDNA. We used hA3G/hA3F chimeric proteins to investigate whether cytidine deaminase potential reflects antiviral potency. We show here that the origin of the C-terminal deaminase motif is sufficient to determine the degree of mutation induced in a bacterial assay that measures mutations in chromosomal DNA. In contrast, this was not the case in the context of HIV-1 infection where the N-terminal deaminase motif also modulated the editing capabilities of the chimeras. Surprisingly, although three of the chimeric proteins induced levels of mutation that approximated those of parental hA3F, they displayed lower levels of antiviral activity. Most importantly, real-time PCR experiments revealed that the quantity of reverse transcripts detected in target cells, rather than the mutational burden carried by such DNAs, corresponded closely with viral infectivity. In other words, the antiviral phenotype of APOBEC proteins correlates with their ability to prevent the accumulation of reverse transcripts and not with the induction of hypermutation.
FLEX: a tool for building efficient and flexible systems (2002)

Modern operating systems must support a wide variety of services for a diverse set of users. Designers of these systems face a tradeoff between functionality and performance. Systems like Mach provide a set of general abstractions and attempt to handle every situation, which can lead to poor performance for common cases. Other systems, such as Unix, provide a small set of abstractions that can be made very efficient, at the expense of functionality. We are implementing a flexible system building tool, FLEX, that allows us to support a powerful operating systems interface efficiently by constructing specialized module implementations at runtime. FLEX improves the performance of existing systems by optimizing interprocess communications paths and relocating servers and clients to reduce communications overhead. These facilities improve the performance of Unix system calls on Mach from 20-400%. Furthermore, FLEX can dynamically extend the kernel in a controlled fashion, which gives user programs access to privileged data and devices not envisioned by the original operating system implementor.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Characterization of H5N2 influenza viruses from Italian poultry (2001)

From October 1997 to January 1998, highly pathogenic H5N2 avian influenza viruses caused eight outbreaks of avian influenza in northern Italy. A nonpathogenic H5N9 influenza virus was also isolated during the outbreaks as a result of virological and epidemiological surveillance to control the spread of avian influenza to neighbouring regions. Antigenic analysis showed that the Italian H5N2 isolates were antigenically similar to, although distinguishable from, A/HK/156/97, a human influenza H5N1 virus isolated in Hong Kong in 1997. Phylogenetic analysis of the haemagglutinin (HA) genes showed that the highly pathogenic Italian viruses clustered with the Hong Kong strains, whereas the nonpathogenic H5N9 virus, despite its epidemiological association with the highly pathogenic Italian isolates, was most closely related to the highly pathogenic A/Turkey/England/91 (H5N1) strain. Like the HA phylogenetic tree, the nonstructural (NS) phylogenetic tree showed that the H5N2 Italian virus genes are clearly separate from those of the H5N9 strain. In contrast, results of the phylogenetic analysis of nucleoprotein (NP) genes indicated a closer genetic relationship between the two Italian virus groups, a finding suggesting a common progenitor. Comparison of the HA, NS and NP genes of the Italian H5 strains with those of the H5N1 viruses simultaneously circulating in Hong Kong revealed that the two groups of viruses do not share a recent common ancestor. No virological and serological evidence of bird-to-human transmission of the Italian H5N2 influenza viruses was found.
Survival and therapeutic potential of probiotic organisms with reference to <i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i> and <i>Bifidobacterium</i> spp. (2000)

The present paper provides an overview on the use of probiotic organisms as live supplements, with particular emphasis on Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium spp. The therapeutic potential of these bacteria in fermented dairy products is dependent on their survival during manufacture and storage. Probiotic bacteria are increasingly used in food and pharmaceutical applications to balance disturbed intestinal microflora and related dysfunction of the human gastrointestinal tract. Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium spp. have been reported to be beneficial probiotic organisms that provide excellent therapeutic benefits. The biological activity of probiotic bacteria is due in part to their ability to attach to enterocytes. This inhibits the binding of enteric pathogens by a process of competitive exclusion. Attachment of probiotic bacteria to cell surface receptors of enterocytes also initiates signalling events that result in the synthesis of cytokines. Probiotic bacteria also exert an influence on commensal micro-organisms by the production of lactic acid and bacteriocins. These substances inhibit growth of pathogens and also alter the ecological balance of enteric commensals. Production of butyric acid by some probiotic bacteria affects the turnover of enterocytes and neutralizes the activity of dietary carcinogens, such as nitrosamines, that are generated by the metabolic activity of commensal bacteria in subjects consuming a high-protein diet. Therefore, inclusion of probiotic bacteria in fermented dairy products enhances their value as better therapeutic functional foods. However, insufficient viability and survival of these bacteria remain a problem in commercial food products. By selecting better functional probiotic strains and adopting improved methods to enhance survival, including the use of appropriate prebiotics and the optimal combination of probiotics and prebiotics (synbiotics), an increased delivery of viable bacteria in fermented products to the consumers can be achieved.
A framework for construction of icon systems (2003)

The authors propose a framework for the construction of icon systems. An icon system is composed of icons and rules. Icons represent real objects such as sales books, folders, calculators, etc. Functions associated with an object are associated with an object are specified in the icon representing the object. Icons therefore have both data and function properties. Icons may in fact have several functions. The behavior of an icon is not fixed but is determined at the time of programming by being combined with another icon. Rules are provided to make flexible interpretation of icons feasible depending on the application, the status of the system, and so on. The behavior of the system can be changed by replacing icons and/or rules with new ones. Implementational issues are also described. A system prototype is now in an actual operation on a workstation in laboratory environment.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Methanol-Independent Protein Expression by AOX1 Promoter with trans-Acting Elements Engineering and Glucose-Glycerol-Shift Induction in Pichia pastoris (2017)

The alcohol oxidase 1 promoter (P<sub>AOX1</sub>) of Pichia pastoris is commonly used for high level expression of recombinant proteins. While the safety risk of methanol and tough process control for methanol induction usually cause problems especially in large-scale fermentation. By testing the functions of trans-acting elements of P<sub>AOX1</sub> and combinatorially engineering of them, we successfully constructed a methanol-free P<sub>AOX1</sub> start-up strain, in which, three transcription repressors were identified and deleted and, one transcription activator were overexpressed. The strain expressed 77% GFP levels in glycerol compared to the wide-type in methanol. Then, insulin precursor (IP) was expressed, taking which as a model, we developed a novel glucose-glycerol-shift induced P<sub>AOX1</sub> start-up for this methanol-free strain. A batch phase with glucose of 40 g/L followed by controlling residual glucose not lower than 20 g/L was compatible for supporting cell growth and suppressing P<sub>AOX1</sub>. Then, glycerol induction was started after glucose used up. Accordingly, an optimal bioprocess was further determined, generating a high IP production of 2.46 g/L in a 5-L bioreactor with dramatical decrease of oxygen consumption and heat evolution comparing with the wild-type in methanol. This mutant and bioprocess represent a safe and efficient alternative to the traditional glycerol-repressed/methanol-induced P<sub>AOX1</sub> system.
Turbo decoding with tail-biting trellises (1998)

Tail-biting codes are considered as component codes for parallel concatenated block codes. Based on the two-dimensional weight distribution of tail-biting codes, we calculate the minimum distance of the parallel concatenated code and give guidelines on how to choose good tail-biting component codes. We show how to encode tail-biting codes using systematic feedback encoders, which is an important design criterion. The performance of codes with different rate, length, and complexity using iterative (turbo) decoding is evaluated by simulation.