gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adding Scheduler Activations to Mach 3.0 (1993)

When user-level threads are built on top of traditional kernel threads, they can exhibit poor performance or even incorrect behavior in the face of blocking kernel operations such as I/O, page faults, and processor preemption. This problem can be solved by building user-level threads on top of a new kernel entity, the scheduler activation. The goal of the effort described in this paper was to implement scheduler activations in the Mach 3.0 operating system. We describe the design decisions made, the kernel modifications required, and our additions to the CThreads thread library to take advantage of the new kernel structure. We also isolate the performance costs incurred due to scheduler activations support, and empirically demonstrate that these costs are outweighed by the benefits of this approach. 1 Introduction User-level threads built on top of traditional kernel threads offer excellent performance for common operations such as creation, termination, and synchronization. Unfortun...
New architecture for envelope-tracking power amplifier for base station (2008)

This paper propose a new architecture for envelope-trackong power supplies for base stations. The proposed multiphase DC-DC converter circuit uses multiple switching circuits (as well as a voltage follower circuit), each optimized for a different envelope frequency, to realize both high efficiency and wide bandwidth. Tje operation of the circuit, and simulation results, are described.
Influence of Anode Layout on the Performance of SiC JBS Diodes (2012)

Various layouts of the anode of Junction Barrier Schottky (JBS) diodes are compared theoretically and it is found that the hexagonal honeycomb structure with 3-D symmetry offers the best figure of merit (FOM). Proportional relationships between the various layouts are reported, using which we extend a fully analytical 2-D model for reverse biased field shielding in a JBS diode to the superior 3-D layouts. The effect of reducing implanted feature size is also analyzed as a trade-off between FOM and breakdown voltage capability.
Embedded Wireless Interconnect for Sensor Networks: Concept and Example (2007)

The Open Systems Interconnect (OSI) layered ar- chitecture paradigm for computer networks, which led to great successes in wired communications, such as Internet, has been the default paradigm in developing wireless data networks as well. However, in wireless sensor networks, the optimization for lower energy consumption under application-specific Quality of Service (QoS) requirements, necessitates the joint consideration of multiple OSI layers, which is known as the cross layer design. In this paper, we propose the Embedded Wireless Interconnect (EWI), as an architecture platform for energy stringent wireless networks, replacing the OSI paradigm. The concept of EWI is then illustrated by a design example of Low Energy Self- Organizing Protocol (LESOP) for target tracking sensor net- works.
Processing of Mars Exploration Rover imagery for science and operations planning (2006)

The twin Mars Exploration Rovers (MER) delivered an unprecedented array of image sensors to the Mars surface. These cameras were essential for operations, science, and public engagement. The Multimission Image Processing Laboratory (MIPL) at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory was responsible for the first‐order processing of all of the images returned by these cameras. This processing included reconstruction of the original images, systematic and ad hoc generation of a wide variety of products derived from those images, and delivery of the data to a variety of customers, within tight time constraints. A combination of automated and manual processes was developed to meet these requirements, with significant inheritance from prior missions. This paper describes the image products generated by MIPL for MER and the processes used to produce and deliver them.
Locked Nucleic Acid (LNA) Recognition of RNA:  NMR Solution Structures of LNA:RNA Hybrids (2002)

Locked nucleic acids (LNAs) containing one or more 2'-O,4'-C-methylene-linked bicyclic ribonucleoside monomers possess a number of the prerequisites of an effective antisense oligonucleotide, e.g. unprecedented helical thermostability when hybridized with cognate RNA and DNA. To acquire a detailed understanding of the structural features of LNA giving rise to its remarkable properties, we have conducted structural studies by use of NMR spectroscopy and now report high-resolution structures of two LNA:RNA hybrids, the LNA strands being d(5'-CTGAT(L)ATGC-3') and d(5'-CT(L)GAT(L)AT(L)GC-3'), respectively, T(L) denoting a modified LNA monomer with a thymine base, along with the unmodified DNA:RNA hybrid. In the structures, the LNA nucleotides are positioned as to partake in base stacking and Watson-Crick base pairing, and with the inclusion of LNA nucleotides, we observe a progressive change in duplex geometry toward an A-like duplex structure. As such, with the inclusion of three LNA nucleotides, the hybrid adopts an almost canonical A-type duplex geometry, and thus it appears that the number of modifications has reached a saturation level with respect to structural changes, and that further incorporations would furnish only minute changes in the duplex structure. We attempt to rationalize the conformational steering induced by the LNA nucleotides by suggesting that the change in electronic density at the brim of the minor groove, introduced by the LNA modification, is causing an alteration of the pseudorotational profile of the 3'-flanking nucleotide, thus shifting this sugar equilibrium toward N-type conformation.
Scoring a Performance‐Based Assessment by Modeling the Judgments of Experts (1995)

Performance assessments typically require expert judges to individually rate each performance. This results in a limitation in the use of such assessments because the rating process may be extremely time consuming. This article describes a scoring algorithm that is based on expert judgments but requires the rating of only a sample of performances. A regression‐based policy capturing procedure was implemented to model the judgment policies of experts. The data set was a seven‐case performance assessment of physician patient management skills. The assessment used a computer‐based simulation of the patient care environment. The results showed a substantial improvement in correspondence between scores produced using the algorithm and actual ratings, when compared to raw scores. Scores based on the algorithm were also shown to be superior to raw scores and equal to expert ratings for making pass/fail decisions which agreed with those made by an independent committee of experts
Conditional Neural Fields (2009)

Conditional random fields (CRF) are widely used for sequence labeling such as natural language processing and biological sequence analysis. Most CRF models use a linear potential function to represent the relationship between input features and output. However, in many real-world applications such as protein structure prediction and handwriting recognition, the relationship between input features and output is highly complex and nonlinear, which cannot be accurately modeled by a linear function. To model the nonlinear relationship between input and output we propose a new conditional probabilistic graphical model, Conditional Neural Fields (CNF), for sequence labeling. CNF extends CRF by adding one (or possibly more) middle layer between input and output. The middle layer consists of a number of gate functions, each acting as a local neuron or feature extractor to capture the nonlinear relationship between input and output. Therefore, conceptually CNF is much more expressive than CRF. Experiments on two widely-used benchmarks indicate that CNF performs significantly better than a number of popular methods. In particular, CNF is the best among approximately 10 machine learning methods for protein secondary structure prediction and also among a few of the best methods for handwriting recognition. 1
Adaptive processing gain CDMA networks over Poisson traffic channel (2002)

The performance of an adaptive data rate transmission for uplink code-division multiple-access (CDMA) networks is analyzed where the processing gain is adaptively changed according to the channel traffic density in order that a desired signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) can be achieved. The throughput of the adaptive rate system is asymptotically constant with respect to the proposed traffic density and is significantly improved compared to the fixed rate system. In addition, as the traffic density increases the adaptive rate system achieves almost linear increase in the channel delay, while that of the fixed rate system shows abrupt increase.
Investigation of Electrically Charged Liquid Jets (1971)

The behaviour of fine liquid jets is investigated with the help of microphotographs. Light pulses of 30 ns from a giant pulse laser were used for illumination to ensure sharp pictures. Using this arrangement the spontaneous and forced drop formation of the jets was investigated and found to be in good agreement with theory. Further, the behaviour of the drops during their flight through the air was determined for drops carrying different electrical charges. Special attention was given to trains of drops consisting of a varying number of drops as well as the coalescence of charged and uncharged drops. Explanations of the phenomena observed will be given.
[Effects of Se-riched soybean peptide on antioxidant function in rats of fatty liver caused by high-fat diet]. (2014)

SSP can improve liver cell injury and the antioxidant functions in rats with fatty liver effectively and decrease the expression of GRP78 in liver.
Mathematical problems of computerized tomography (1983)

The data measured in computerized tomography; e.g., the X-ray attenuation in X-ray tomography or the resonance phenomena in nuclear magnetic resonance tomography, have to be processed to produce the pictures on which the diagnostic evaluation of the physician is based. This process consists of the solution of the following mathematical problem. The data depend on the searched-for distribution and this dependence can be described as an integral transform. To produce the final picture amounts to the inversion of the integral transform. This paper is concerned with the description of the integral transforms modeling the different techniques in computerized tomography. Among other things, the following questions are treated. Which numerical problems do we have to encounter in inverting the transforms; e.g., what accuracy in the reconstruction can we expect in dependence on the accuracy of the data. To what extent is a distribution determined by a finite number of measurements. Is it possible to recover the distribution reliably if the data are incomplete.
Enzymatic control of pigmentation in mammals (1991)

Visible pigmentation in mammals results from the synthesis and distribution of melanin in the skin, hair bulbs, and eyes. The melanins are produced in melanocytes and can be of two basic types: eumelanins, which are brown or black, and phaseomelanins, which are red or yellow. In mammals typically there are mixtures of both types. The most essential enzyme in this melanin biosynthetic pathway is tyrosinase and it is the only enzyme absolutely required for melanin production. However, recent studies have shown that mammalian melanogenesis is not regulated solely by tyrosinase at the enzymatic level, and have identified additional melanogenic factors that can modulate pigmentation in either a positive or negative fashion. In addition, other pigment-specific genes that are related to tyrosinase have been cloned which encode proteins that apparently work together at the catalytic level to specify the quantity and quality of the melanins synthesized. Future research should provide a greater understanding of the enzymatic interactions, processing, and tissue specificity that are important to pigmentation in mammals.
Mohonk Trust v. Board of Assessors (1980)

3(1). This section provides in part: Forest and wildlife conservation are hereby declared to be policies of the state.For the purpose of carrying out such policies the legislature may appropriate moneys for the acquisition by the state of land, outside of the Adirondack and Catskill parks as now fixed by law, for the practice of forest or wild life conservation.2. N.Y.ENvim.CONSERV.LAW 1-0101 (McKinney 1973).Section 1 of this provision provides:The quality of our environment is fundamental to our concern for the quality of life.It is hereby declared to be the policy of the State of New York to conserve, improve and protect its natural resources and environment and control water, land and air pollution, in order to enhance the health, safety and welfare of the people of the state and their overall social and economic well being.Id. 1-0101(1).In addition, a recent amendment provides that "the policies, statutes, regulations, and ordinances of the state ... should be interpreted and administered in accordance with [these] policies."Id. 8-0103(6) (McKinney Supp.1979-1980).3. When large areas of privately owned wilderness lands are taxed at market value, the land is often sold for development.Providing tax exemptions for conservation land forestalls development and serves to further state environmental policy.
One-Dimensional Self-Assembly of Planar π-Conjugated Molecules: Adaptable Building Blocks for Organic Nanodevices (2008)

In general, fabrication of well-defined organic nanowires or nanobelts with controllable size and morphology is not as advanced as for their inorganic counterparts. Whereas inorganic nanowires are widely exploited in optoelectronic nanodevices, there remains considerable untapped potential in the one-dimensional (1D) organic materials. This Account describes our recent progress and discoveries in the field of 1D self-assembly of planar pi-conjugated molecules and their application in various nanodevices including the optical and electrical sensors. The Account is aimed at providing new insights into how to combine elements of molecular design and engineering with materials fabrication to achieve properties and functions that are desirable for nanoscale optoelectronic applications. The goal of our research program is to advance the knowledge and develop a deeper understanding in the frontier area of 1D organic nanomaterials, for which several basic questions will be addressed: (1) How can one control and optimize the molecular arrangement by modifying the molecular structure? (2) What processing factors affect self-assembly and the final morphology of the fabricated nanomaterials; how can these factors be controlled to achieve the desired 1D nanomaterials, for example, nanowires or nanobelts? (3) How do the optoelectronic properties (e.g., emission, exciton migration, and charge transport) of the assembled materials depend on the molecular arrangement and the intermolecular interactions? (4) How can the inherent optoelectronic properties of the nanomaterials be correlated with applications in sensing, switching, and other types of optoelectronic devices? The results presented demonstrate the feasibility of controlling the morphology and molecular organization of 1D organic nanomaterials. Two types of molecules have been employed to explore the 1D self-assembly and the application in optoelectronic sensing: one is perylene tetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI, n-type) and the other is arylene ethynylene macrocycle (AEM, p-type). The materials described in this project are uniquely multifunctional, combining the properties of nanoporosity, efficient exciton migration and charge transport, and strong interfacial interaction with the guest (target) molecules. We see this combination as enabling a range of important technological applications that demand tightly coupled interaction between matter, photons, and charge. Such applications may include optical sensing, electrical sensing, and polarized emission. Particularly, the well-defined nanowires fabricated in this study represent unique systems for investigating the dimensional confinement of the optoelectronic properties of organic semiconductors, such as linearly polarized emission, dimensionally confined exciton migration, and optimal pi-electronic coupling (favorable for charge transport). Combination of these properties will make the 1D self-assembly ideal for many orientation-sensitive applications, such as polarized light-emitting diodes and flat panel displays.
Processing Queries Over Generalization Hierarchies in a Multidatabase System (1983)

An important task of multidatabase systems is the integration of existing databases. Data-base Integration is achieved primarily through the use of generalization. Hence, it is impor-tant to develop good tactics for processing queries over generalization hierarchies. This paper defines the class of conjunctive generali-zation queries, and it describes four tactics for processing those queries that have boon developed for the MDLTIDASE system. Since query processing tactics are best describe algebraically, the paper shows how to model generalization as a sequence of algebraic operations. Three of the tactics described here are adapted from convon-tional distributed query processing techniqaes. However, it is argued that these tactics are of limited applicability to processing queries over generalization hierarchies. A fourth tactic, semioutorjoin, which is more widely applicable. is introduced. This research was jointly supported by the De-
Thermal hyperalgesia in association with the development of morphine tolerance in rats: roles of excitatory amino acid receptors and protein kinase C (1994)

In a rat model of morphine tolerance, we examined the hypotheses that thermal hyperalgesia to radiant heat develops in association with the development of morphine tolerance and that both the development and expression of thermal hyperalgesia in morphine-tolerant rats are mediated by central NMDA and non-NMDA receptors and subsequent protein kinase C (PKC) activation. Tolerance to the analgesic effect of morphine was developed in rats utilizing an intrathecal repeated treatment regimen. The development of morphine tolerance and thermal hyperalgesia was examined by employing the tail-flick test and paw-withdrawal test, respectively. Intrathecal MK 801 (an NMDA receptor antagonist), 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX; a non-NMDA receptor antagonist), or GM1 ganglioside (an intracellular PKC inhibitor) treatment was given to examine the effects of these agents on the development and expression of thermal hyperalgesia in morphine-tolerant rats. Tolerance to the analgesic effect of morphine was reliably developed in rats following once daily intrathecal (onto the lumbosacral spinal cord) injection of 10 micrograms of morphine sulfate for 8 consecutive days as demonstrated by the decreased analgesia following morphine administration on day 8 as compared to that on day 1. In association with the development of morphine tolerance, thermal hyperalgesia to radiant heat developed in these same rats. Paw-withdrawal latencies were reliably decreased in morphine-tolerant rats as compared to nontolerant (saline) controls when tested on day 8 before the last morphine treatment and on day 10 (i.e., 48 hr after the last morphine treatment). The coincident development of morphine tolerance and thermal hyperalgesia was potently prevented by intrathecal coadministration of morphine with MK 801 (10 nmol) or GM1 (160 nmol), and partially by CNQX (80 nmol). MK 801 (5, 10 nmol, not 2.5 nmol) and CNQX (80, 160 nmol, not 40 nmol), but not GM1 (160 nmol), also reliably reversed thermal hyperalgesia in rats rendered tolerant to morphine when tested 30 min after each drug treatment on day 10 (48 hr after the last morphine treatment). The data indicate that thermal hyperalgesia develops in association with the development of morphine tolerance and that the coactivation of central NMDA and non-NMDA receptors is crucial for both the development and expression of thermal hyperalgesia in morphine-tolerant rats. Furthermore, intracellular PKC activation plays a critical role in the development of thermal hyperalgesia in morphine-tolerant rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Overcoming the Mental Health Stigma and Facilitating Cultural Integration for Refugee Youth by Providing Counseling Services at School (2013)

Refugee youth come from all over the world: Africa, Asia and Middle East—and all experience culture shock as they adjust to their new home in the United States. Along with “carrying the baggage” of numerous losses and past experiences of trauma they are expected to adjust quickly to a different culture and get acquainted with the American school system while learning a new language. Parents who are the usual source of support are often struggling themselves, not just to adapt to the new society but also to be able to provide for their children. All these situations can be very overwhelming for refugee youth. Jewish Family Service of Colorado’s International KidSuccess counseling services play a key role in supporting refugee children and adolescents in their cultural adjustment journey so that they can be successful at school and have a better life and future in their new country.This article will focus on the cultural adjustment process and the challenges refugee youth encounter throughout its four stages. Refugees’ views about clinical services and overcoming the stigma associated with mental health will also be explored.
The nonpeptide neurotensin antagonist, SR 48692, used as a tool to reveal putative neurotensin receptor subtypes (1994)

The nonpeptide neurotensin (NT) antagonist, SR 48692, was recently shown to inhibit NT binding to the cloned rat and human NT receptor and to antagonize NT effects in a variety of in vitro and in vivo assays. Here, we show that, in contrast to its antagonistic action on NT-induced hypomotility in the rat, SR 48692 failed to antagonize NT-induced hypothermia and analgesia in the mouse and rat. We suggest that these effects might be mediated through a subtype of SR 48692-insensitive NT receptor.
Differentiation of 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A Reductase Inhibitors by Their Relative Lipophilicity (1999)

Certain pharmacological and clinical effects of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors, commonly known as statins, can be differentiated on the basis of their lipophilicity. Unlike lipophilic statins, a hydrophilic statin has been reported to be selective for the liver due to lower uptake and lower inhibition of cholesterol synthesis in non-hepatic cells.



We compared the lipophilicity of three newer statins, fluvastatin, atorvastatin and cerivastatin, with those of pravastatin, lovastatin and simvastatin, by determining their apparent octanol-water partition coefficients at pH 2, 5, 7 and 7-4.



Under physiological pH conditions of 7-7.4, the relative lipophilicity of various statins currently in clinical use was: simvastatin ≅ cerivastatin > lovastatin ≅ fluvastatin ≅ atorvastatin >> pravastatin, where pravastatin is 70- to 300-times more hydrophilic than the other statins.