gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Active Antenna Selection in Multiuser MIMO Communications (2007)

The paper develops a dynamic antenna scheduling strategy for downlink MIMO communications, where a subset of the receive antennas at certain users is selectively disabled. The proposed method improves the signal-to-leakage-plus-noise (SLNR) ratio performance of the system and it relaxes the condition on the number of transmit-receive antennas in comparison to traditional zero-forcing and time-scheduling strategies. The largest value that the SLNR can achieve is shown to be equal to the maximum eigenvalue of a certain random matrix combination, and the probability distribution of this eigenvalue is characterized in terms of a Whittaker function. The result shows that increasing the number of antennas at some users can degrade the SLNR performance at other users. This fact is used to propose an antenna scheduling scheme that leads to improvement in terms of SINR outage probabilities
Abnormal Sleep/Wake Cycles and the Effect of Environmental Noise on Sleep Disruption in the Intensive Care Unit (2001)

(1) ICU patients are qualitatively, but not necessarily quantitatively, sleep deprived; and (2) although environmental noise is in part responsible for sleep-wake abnormalities, it is not responsible for the majority of the sleep fragmentation and may therefore not be as disruptive to sleep as the previous literature suggests.
Tribological Properties of Hip Implant From Atomic Force Microscopy (2009)

Mechanical and tribological properties of engineering and biological materials have been investigated at micro-scale levels from Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) [1]. Regarding the tribological properties of engineering and biological materials such as the diamond-like carbon (DLC) film [2], the TiN film [3], and the surface of middle finger [4], the significant effect of their surface roughness on the frictional coefficient has been reported. However, the contradictory result that the relationship between the surface roughness and frictional behavior of the self-assembled monolayer (SAM), the silicon ruler, and the metal evaporated (ME) tape [5] is not significant has also been reported. Therefore, the main goal of this study is to investigate the relationships between the surface roughness, the frictional coefficient, and the hardness for both the main wear and the least habitual wear regions of the cobalt-chromium metal head of the hip implant from their measurements using AFM and Hardness Testing Machine. With the additional wear measurements of the metal head, the result of this study can help to understand how the micro-scale surface structure of the metal head affects its wear.
Improvement of exogenous DNA nuclear importation by nuclear localization signal‐bearing vectors: a promising way for non‐viral gene therapy? (2003)

Several vectors have been developed in order to target genes to specific cells. Virus-based vectors lead to a high transfection efficiency in vitro, but display important disadvantages such as pathological risks, which they expose to patients. Plasmid-associated chemical vectors lack these disadvantages, but allow only a very low efficiency of transgene expression. Most of the non-viral-based gene transfer techniques developed until now mainly focused their efforts to overcome the problem of DNA entry into the cell. Some recent works, however, have begun to investigate the nucleus entry problem and suggest that the trafficking of DNA from cytosol to the nucleus may be improved by using the nuclear localization signal (NLS) found in some nuclear proteins. If the vector contains one or several NLS, either as covalently or non-covalently DNA-linked peptides, a competition may take place between the rate of dissociation of the DNA-vector complexes and the rate of loading of the complexes to the NLS-mediated nucleus importation machinery. This equilibrium may be displaced towards the importation pathway by the use of NLS-bearing proteins instead of peptides. The possibility of recruiting normal endogenous cellular pathways of nuclear uptake to promote entry of exogenously applied DNA through the nuclear pore complex would, thus, seem promising. Nevertheless, attempts to improve the transport of DNA to the nucleus through the use of NLSs have achieved limited success. Although these systems show improved transgene expression, little is known about how they function in transfected cells, and the optimal formulation for gene expression is yet to be determined.
NF‐κB activation in development and progression of cancer (2007)

Nuclear factor‐κΒ (NF‐κB) binds specifically to NF‐κB‐binding sites (κB sites, 5′‐GGGRNNYYCC‐3′; R, purine; Y, pyrimidine; N, any nucleotide) present in enhancer regions of various genes. Binding of various cytokines, growth factors and pathogen‐associated molecular patterns to specific receptors activates NF‐κB and expression of genes that play critical roles in inflammation, innate and acquired immunity, bone remodeling and generation of skin appendices. Activation of NF‐κB is also involved in cancer development and progression. NF‐κB is activated in cells that become malignant tumors and in cells that are recruited to and constitute the tumor microenvironment. In the latter scenario, the TLR‐TRAF6‐NF‐kB pathways seem to play major roles, and NF‐κB activation results in production of cytokines, which in turn induce NF‐κB activation in premalignant cells, leading to expression of genes involved abnormal growth and malignancy. Furthermore, NF‐κB activation is involved in bone metastasis. Osteoclasts, whose generation requires the RANK‐TRAF6‐NF‐κB pathways, release various growth factors stored in bone, which results in creation of microenvironment suitable for proliferation and colonization of cancer cells. Therefore, NF‐κB and molecules involved its activation, such as TRAF6, are attractive targets for therapeutic strategies against cancer. ( Cancer Sci 2007; 98: 268–274)
Molecular beams and effusive flows (1979)

Molecular flux emanating from an aperture in a beam oven and incident on a point on the beam axis is discussed. The vector flux density is characterized by its vector-velocity (rather than speed) probability distribution. As a consequence, the integrals of the velocity components orthogonal to the beam axis yield the observed dependences of beam intensity upon aperture area and distance from the aperture. Both rectangular and circular apertures are considered. The velocity integrals for the circular aperture are exact and demonstrate how the velocity distribution of the flux density gradually changes from that of the Maxwell flux at the aperture to that of a beam flux at large distances from the aperture. (This cannot be shown with the speed distribution.) An expression then is obtained for the flux from a circular aperture incident on an off-axis point by making use of the concept of a virtual aperture which simplifies the problem considerably. This expression then is used to calculate both the normal flux density distribution and the total flux incident on a finite plane collector. These treatments may be applied to systems with apertures and collectors of almost any shape and/or size.
A New Family of Glucose-1-phosphate/Glucosamine-1-phosphate Nucleotidylyltransferase in the Biosynthetic Pathways for Antibiotics (2005)

Aminoglycoside antibiotics are composed of aminosugars and a unique aminocyclitol aglycon including 2-deoxystreptamine (DOS), streptidine, actinamine, etc., and nucleotidylyltransferases, sugar modifying enzymes, and glycosyltransferases appear to be essential for their biosynthesis. However, the genes encoding those enzymes were unable to be identified by a standard homology search in the butirosin biosynthetic btr gene cluster, except that the btrM gene appeared to be a glycosyltransfease. Disruption studies of the btrD gene indicated that BtrD was involved in the supply of a glycosyl donor immediately prior to the glycosylation of DOS giving paromamine. As anticipated, BtrD expressed in Escherichia coli was able to catalyze UDP-D-glucosamine formation from D-glucosamine-1-phosphate and UTP. Both dTTP and UTP were good NTP substrates, and D-glucose-1-phosphate and D-glucosamine-1-phosphate were good sugar phosphates for the enzyme reaction. This finding is the first to identify an enzyme which activates a sugar donor in the DOS-containing antibiotics. Interestingly, BtrD homologues have been reported as functionally unknown open reading frames (ORFs) in the biosynthetic gene clusters for several antibiotics including teicoplanin, balhimycin, chloroeremomycin, and mitomycin C. It appears therefore that gene clusters for antibiotic biosynthesis provide their own nucleotidylyltransferases, and the BtrD homologues are among the secondary metabolism specific enzymes.
Early Split Clipping for Bounding Volume Hierarchies (2007)

Despite their algorithmic elegance and robustness, bounding volume hierarchies (BVHs) have not reached the performance of kd- trees for ray tracing. BVHs do not adapt well to scenes containing large triangles with overlapping bounding boxes. A node cannot be smaller than the bounding box of the primitives it contains. Consequently, the leafs and internal nodes will overlap substantially. This slows down ray tracing, because the number of traversal steps and ray-primitive intersections is increased. Unfortunately, this kind of geometry is common in architectural scenes and low-poly CAD models. In this paper, we present a building algorithm for BVHs that handles such scenes more efficiently. The restriction that each primitive must be contained in exactly one leaf node is relaxed. Bounding boxes of large primitives are refined with recursive split clipping before constructing the hierarchy. The resulting volumes are used as input for a regular BVH building algorithm. Neither scene geometry nor traversal or building algorithms must be modified in any way. The resulting hierarchies are superior for a wide range of data sets, leading to speed-ups of more than a factor of three.
Bi-Prediction: Pedestrian Trajectory Prediction Based on Bidirectional LSTM Classification (2017)

Pedestrian trajectory prediction is important in various applications such as driverless vehicles, social robots, intelligent tracking systems and space planning. Existing methods focus on analysing the influence of neighbours but ignore the effect of the intended destinations of pedestrians which also plays a key role in route planning. In this paper, we propose a novel two- stage trajectory prediction method to yield multiple prediction trajectories with different probabilities towards different destination regions in the scene. Our method, which we refer to as Bi-Prediction, uses a bidirectional LSTM architecture to automatically classify trajectories into a small number of route classes before trajectory prediction. We have evaluated our method against two baseline methods and three state-of-art methods on two benchmark datasets. Our experimental results show that the extra classification stage improves the accuracy of the predicted trajectories.
Immunogenic peptides generated by frameshift mutations in DNA mismatch repair-deficient cancer cells. (2004)

About 15% of all human colorectal, gastric, and endometrial tumors, and the majority of tumors in patients suffering from hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer syndrome, are caused by loss of DNA mismatch repair functions. In the affected cancer cells, this results in insertion or deletion mutations at short, repetitive DNA sequences referred to as microsatellites. Such mutations in coding microsatellites (cMS) cause translational frameshifts that may destroy gene function. These frameshift mutations could also cause the translation of immunogenic neopeptides at the carboxy terminus. Several such mutations have been identified recently. However, since none of the frameshift-induced neopeptides identified so far is generated in all cancer cells with microsatellite instability (MSI), we aim to define a broad but comprehensive set of frameshift peptides (FSPs) that might be combined in a multivalent vaccine for MSI+ cancers. Here, we characterize the immunogenic properties of five additional HLA-A0201-restricted frameshift-induced neopeptides derived from mutations in three cMS-containing genes (Caspase-5, TAF-1b, and HT001) that are frequently hit in MSI+ cancer cells. One Caspase-5-derived FSP, (67)-FLIIWQNTM (FSP26), was identified as a novel HLA-A0201-restricted CTL epitope. FSP26-specific CTLs efficiently lysed colon carcinoma cells expressing HLA-A0201 and the underlying (-1) mutation. This mutation in an A(10) cMS is observed in up to 66% of MSI+ colorectal cancers. Thus, this newly identified CTL epitope may be another essential component of a multivalent vaccine against cancers with MSI.
[Construction, expression and functional characterization of disulfide-stabilized anti-hepatocarcinoma single chain Fv fused with truncated Pseudomonas exotoxin]. (2003)

The immunotoxin dsFv-PE38 may have some potential value in the treatment of hepatocarcinoma.
Hybrid cooling with cycle steering in the IBM eServer z990 (2004)

The IBM eServer™ z990 introduces a new mode for cooling multichip processor modules that enables significantly more processors to be refrigerant-cooled than previously. In recent IBM zSeries® offerings, including G4, G5, G6, and z900, chip junctions in a single multichip module (MCM) located in a central electronic complex (CEC) frame were cooled for reliability and performance benefits, using refrigerant technology, to temperatures lower than those achievable with air cooling. In the z990 system, a hybrid cooling approach is used, allowing refrigeration to be extended to four MCMs in a single CEC, which makes possible denser systems and greater power efficiency compared with prior modular refrigeration technologies used. In the event of a malfunction of the primary refrigeration cooling system, a backup air-cooling system is automatically engaged until the refrigeration problem is fixed. System sensors monitor the cooling state at all times. When air cooling is required, the chip circuit temperatures increase and the logic clocks are optimally adjusted to match the new junction temperatures. When refrigeration cooling is restored, the clocks are adjusted back to their fast speed. This technique allows the z990 system to match the processor density of direct-air-cooled systems while retaining a system performance and reliability benefit from refrigeration.
General purpose proxies: solved and unsolved problems (2002)

Proxies are becoming increasingly common. One use of a proxy is to address network heterogeneity, which can arise especially in mobile computing. In this setting, a proxy can process the traffic flowing to and from a network limited mobile host, damping the variations in application performance as well as providing other benefits such as reduced cost and increased security. We describe the issues we faced in designing such a proxy system, how we solved some problems, and why others could not be solved.
Construction of plasmid vectors and a genetic transformation system for Acetobacter aceti. (1985)

The proline auxotrophic strain of Acetobacter aceti No. 1023 treated with CaCl2 solution was transformed to the Pro+ phenotype at a frequency of up to 102/μg DNA using chromosomal DNA prepared from the wild type prototrophic strain. The CaCl2-treated cells of A. aceti No. 1023 could also be rendered competent for uptake of plasmid DNA. In an attempt to produce an appropriate cloning vector for A. aceti, the restriction patterns of the cryptic plasmids, pTA5001A (23.5 Kb) and pTA5001B (23Kb), found in A. aceti No. 1023 were determined. A selectable marker (ampicillin resistance) was introduced onto these cryptic plasmids by fusing them to vector pACYC177 from E. coli, using their single restriction site for XhoI. The hybrid plasmids generated could replicate in and confer ampicillin resistance to both A. aceti and E. coli. The maximum transformation frequency for A. aceti No. 1023 with these vectors was 103/μg DNA.
Experimental evaluation of two software countermeasures against fault attacks (2014)

Injection of transient faults can be used as a way to attack embedded systems. On embedded processors such as microcontrollers, several studies showed that such a transient fault injection with glitches or electromagnetic pulses could corrupt either the data loads from the memory or the assembly instructions executed by the circuit. Some countermeasure schemes which rely on temporal redundancy have been proposed to handle this issue. Among them, several schemes add this redundancy at assembly instruction level. In this paper, we perform a practical evaluation for two of those countermeasure schemes by using a pulsed electromagnetic fault injection process on a 32-bit microcontroller. We provide some necessary conditions for an efficient implementation of those countermeasure schemes in practice. We also evaluate their efficiency and highlight their limitations. To the best of our knowledge, no experimental evaluation of the security of such instruction-level countermeasure schemes has been published yet.
Stimulation of Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase by G Protein-coupled α2-Adrenergic Receptors Does Not Require Agonist-elicited Endocytosis (1999)

Agonist-elicited receptor sequestration is strikingly different for the alpha(2A)- versus alpha(2B)-adrenergic receptor (alpha(2)-AR) subtypes; the alpha(2B)-AR undergoes rapid and extensive disappearance from the HEK 293 cell surface, whereas the alpha(2A)-AR does not (Daunt, D. A., Hurt, C., Hein, L., Kallio, J., Feng, F., and Kobilka, B. K. (1997) Mol. Pharmacol. 51, 711-720; Eason, M. G., and Liggett, S. B. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 25473-25479). Since recent reports suggest that endocytosis is required for some G protein-coupled receptors to stimulate the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascade (Daaka, Y., Luttrell, L. M., Ahn, S., Della Rocca, G. J., Ferguson, S. S., Caron, M. G., and Lefkowitz, R. J. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273, 685-688; Luttrell, L. M., Daaka, Y., Della Rocca, G. J., and Lefkowitz, R. J. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272, 31648-31656; Ignatova, E. G., Belcheva, M. M., Bohn, L. M., Neuman, M. C., and Coscia, C. J. (1999) J. Neurosci. 19, 56-63), we evaluated the differential ability of these two subtypes to activate MAP kinase. We observed no correlation between subtype-dependent agonist-elicited receptor redistribution and receptor activation of the MAP kinase cascade. Furthermore, incubation of cells with K(+)-depleted medium eliminated alpha(2B)-AR internalization but did not eliminate MAP kinase activation, suggesting that receptor internalization is not a general prerequisite for activation of the MAP kinase cascade via G(i)-coupled receptors. We also noted that neither dominant negative dynamin (K44A) nor concanavalin A treatment dramatically altered MAP kinase activation or receptor redistribution, indicating that these experimental tools do not universally block G protein-coupled receptor internalization.
Poly(lactic acid) degradable plastics, coatings, and binders (1992)

Biochemical processes to derive value from the management of high carbohydrate food wastes, such as potato starch, corn starch, and cheese whey permeate, have typically been limited to the production of either ethanol or methane. Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) believes that lactic acid presents an attractive option for an alternate fermentation end product, especially in light of lactic acids' being a viable candidate for conversion to environmentally safe poly(lactic acid) (PLA) degradable plastics, coatings, and binders. Technology is being developed at ANL to permit a more cost effective route to modified high molecular weight PLA. Preliminary data on the degradation behavior of these modified PLAs shows the retention to the inherent hydrolytic degradability of the PLA modified, however, by introduced compositional variables. A limited study was done on the hydrolytic stability of soluble oligomers of poly(L-lactic acid). Over a 34 day hold period, water-methanol solutions of Pl-LA oligomers in the 2-10 DP range retained some 75% of their original molecular weight.
Disembodied conduct (1991)

In the following paper we disettss some findings of recent research concerning the organisation of video mediated communication in collaborative work in a dispersed, multimedia office environment. Based on the detailed, naturalistic analysis of video-recordings of individuals collaborating on various tasks through audio-visual links, we describe the ways in which the technology transforms nonverbal and verbal conduct, introducing certain asymmetries into the social interaction between users. It is argued that such communicative asymmetries may facilitate, rather than hinder, certain forms of collaborative work and provide a foundation for the emergence of new forms of sociability in the work place.
Colicins prevent colonization of urinary catheters (2005)

The observed inhibition of catheter colonization by the uropathogenic clinical isolate of E. coli can be attributed to the presence of a colicin-producing strain of E. coli on the catheter surface. Bacteriocin production by a non-pathogenic organism may have clinical applicability as a means to prevent catheter-associated urinary tract infection.
Feederlink Earth Station to provide Mobile Satellite Services in North America (1994)

This paper describes the implementation of the Feederlink Earth Station (FES) to support Mobile Satellite Services (MSS). The FES consists of a large, high capacity cellular telephone switch, single channel per carrier satellite modems, and a fault tolerant control computer to provide satellite connectivity between the mobile and terrestrial telephone users under the control of other MSS elements. In addition, through functions inherent in the telephone switch, the FES provides full interoperability with the North American cellular telephone network, including live call hand-off from cellular to satellite mobile terminal. The FES physical architecture is presented showing major hardware components and software functionality placement within the hardware. In particular, the proposed terrestrial telephone network topology is described, explaining how the primary telephone and cellular services are provided. Finally, the FES is described in terms of services provided, design and development goals, and the subsystem architecture being implemented to achieve these goals. The FES operation is described in the context of the overall MSS. In addition, user service features are presented.
Antineoplastic Agents II: Four Furostanol Glycosides from Rhizomes of<i>Dioscorea collettii</i>var.<i>hypoglauca</i> (1997)

During activity-guided fractionations to screen for antineoplastic agents, further studies by means of preparative HPLC led to the isolation of four known furostanol saponins: protoneodioscin, protodioscin, protoneogracillin, protogracillin, along with their corresponding artifacts: methyl protoneodioscin, methyl protodioscin, methyl protoneogracillin, and methyl protogracillin, from the rhizomes of Dioscorea collettii var. hypoglauca. Among them, protoneodioscin, protodioscin, and protoneogracillin are first reported from the title plant. The structures of the compounds were established on the basis of chemical evidence and spectral analysis (1H-NMR, 13C-IMMR, 1H-1H COSY, HMQC, HMBC, and FAB-MS). These eight compounds all caused morphological abnormality of Pyricularia oryzae mycelia. They also showed cytotoxic activities against the cancer cell line of K562 in vitro as antineoplastic agents.