gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Securing Email Archives through User Modeling (2006)

Online email archives are an under-protected yet extremely sensitive information resource. Email archives can store years worth of personal and business email in an easy-to-access form, one that is much easier to compromise than messages being transmitted "on the wire." Most email archives, however, are protected by reusable passwords that are often weak and can be easily compromised. To protect such archives, we propose a novel user-specific design for an anomaly-based email archive intrusion detection system. As a first step towards building such a system, we have developed a simple probabilistic model of user email behavior that correlates email senders and a user's disposition of emails. In tests using data gathered from three months of observed user behavior and synthetic models of attacker behavior, this model exhibits a low rate of false positives (generally one false alarm every few weeks) while still detecting most attacks. These results suggest that anomaly detection is a feasible strategy for securing email archives, one that does not require changes in user authentication or access behavior.
BECLOMETHASONE DIPROPIONATE AEROSOL IN THE TREATMENT OF CHILDREN WITH SEVERE PERENNIAL RHINITIS (1978)

Twenty-two children suffering from severe perennial rhinitis were treated with intranasal beclomethasone dipropionate (300 microgram/day) and an identical placebo aerosol in a double-blind cross-over trial. The results confirmed the value of beclomethasone dipropionate in improving nasal symptoms and signs due to perennial rhinitis, and allergic eye symptoms caused by associated conjunctivitis.
A testbed for experiments with concurrency control primitives in persistent systems (2002)

In current research operating systems, support for objects and the persistence of these objects has been recognised as an important consideration. Research systems provide support for these concepts in the kernel. In these systems a great deal of effort has gone into integrating persistence and object structures with the other low level functions of the operating system. The low level nature of the support ensures that these concepts are in every respect a seamless part of the operating system which interacts sensibly with other components of the system. There has been a tendency in such systems to ignore the issues of concurrency control and resilience, with the attitude that these concepts are well understood by the database community, and as such, can be easily added on top of the system at a later date. A research project is described which aims to investigate the implementation of concurrency control and resilience support at the lowest level of the operating system. Concurrency control and resilience are considered to be sufficiently important and complex issues that they merit support at a low layer of the operating system in the same sense that support for persistence belongs at this level. It is a motivating belief for this project that support for fully fledged concurrency control systems in a truly seamless fashion requires appropriate low level functionality provided by the system. The goal of this project is the identification a set of low level operating system primitives through which a variety of both traditional and more advanced concurrency control methods can be implemented on a persistent store. This goal is being approached through the development of a prototype persistent store which can be used as both an experimental environment and a testbed for the demonstration of the viability of the projects results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Phase II study of paclitaxel, ifosfamide, and carboplatin in patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (2001)

The TIC regimen had high antitumor activity in patients with recurrent or metastatic SCCHN, with a 59% major response rate (17% complete response rate with relatively durable complete responses). Neutropenic fever developed in 30% of the patients, the incidence of which might have been decreased by prophylactic antibiotics or hematopoietic growth factor support. Other toxic effects included significantly lower rates and less severe instances of anorexia, emesis, fatigue, and peripheral neuropathy than those reported with the previously studied TIP regimen. The TIC regimen currently is being studied as an induction chemotherapy regimen in previously untreated patients with locally advanced SCCHN. The activity of TIC (a novel paclitaxel and ifosfamide-based regimen) in patients with recurrent or metastatic SCCHN should be confirmed in a Phase III randomized trial.
Analytical study of dual-mode thin film bulk acoustic resonators (FBARs) based on ZnO and AlN films with tilted c-axis orientation (2010)

In this paper, we present the analytical study of thin film bulk acoustic wave resonators (FBARs) using ZnO and AlN films with a c-axis tilt angle (off-normal) from 0 degrees to 180 degrees. The tilted c-axis orientation induces normal plane and inplane polarizations, which leads to the coexistence of the longitudinal mode and shear mode in the resonator. The equation for predicting electric impedance of FBARs was derived from the basic piezoelectric constitutive equations. Material properties including elastic, dielectric, and piezoelectric coefficients, bulk wave properties including acoustic velocity and electromechanical coupling coefficient, and impedance of FBARs were calculated and showed strong dependence on the tilt angle. Interestingly, it was found that for ZnO FBARs, pure thickness longitudinal modes occur at 0 degrees and 65.4 degrees, and pure thickness shear modes occur at 43 degrees and 90 degrees. For AlN FBARs, pure longitudinal modes occur at 0 degrees and 67.1 degrees, and pure shear modes occur at 46.1 degrees and 90 degrees for AlN. In other words, pure thickness longitudinal and shear modes exist in ZnO and AlN FBARs at specific tilted polarization angles. In addition, two peaks of shear mode electromechanical coefficient are found at 33.3 degrees and 90 degrees for ZnO, and 34.5 degrees and 90 degrees for AlN. Therefore, ZnO and AlN films with specific tilt angles may provide options in the design and fabrication of FBARs, considering their strong shear resonance with high electromechanical coefficients. The use of dual-mode FBARs for mass sensors is also analyzed; the calculated large resonant frequency shift caused by mass loading shows that they have good prospects for use in sensor applications with high sensitivity. The simulation results agreed well with the reported experiment results, and can be used for design and application of FBARs.
Inverse PCR-Based RFLP Scanning Identifies Low-Level Mutation Signatures in Colon Cells and Tumors (2004)

Detecting the presence and diversity of low-level mutations in human tumors undergoing genomic instability is desirable due to their potential prognostic value and their putative influence on the ability of tumors to resist drug treatment and/or metastasize. However, direct measurement of these genetic alterations in surgical samples has been elusive, because technical hurdles make mutation discovery impractical at low-mutation frequency levels (<10(-2)). Here, we describe inverse PCR-based amplified restriction fragment length polymorphism (iFLP), a new technology that combines inverse PCR, RFLP, and denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography to allow scanning of the genome at several thousand positions per experiment for low-level point mutations. Using iFLP, widespread, low-level mutations at mutation frequency 10(-2)-10(-4) were discovered in genes located on different chromosomes, e.g., OGG1, MSH2, PTEN, beta-catenin, Bcl-2, P21, ATK3, and Braf, in human colon cancer cells that harbor mismatch repair deficiency whereas mismatch repair-proficient cells were mutation free. Application of iFLP to the screening of sporadic colon cancer surgical specimens demonstrated widespread low-level mutations in seven out of 10 samples, but not in their normal tissue counterparts, and predicted the presence of millions of diverse, low-incidence mutations in tumors. Unique low-level mutational signatures were identified for each colon cancer cell line and tumor specimen. iFLP allows the high-throughput discovery and tracing of mutational signatures in human cells, precancerous lesions, and primary or metastatic tumors and the assessment of the number and heterogeneity of low-level mutations in surgical samples.
Myricetin Attenuates Depressant-Like Behavior in Mice Subjected to Repeated Restraint Stress (2015)

Increasing evidence has shown that oxidative stress may be implicated in chronic stress-induced depression. Several flavonoids with anti-oxidative effects have been proved to be anti-depressive. Myricetin is a well-defined flavonoid with the anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and neuroprotective properties. The aim of the present study is to investigate the possible effects of chronic administration of myricetin on depressant-like behaviors in mice subjected to repeated restraint (4 h/day) for 21 days. Our results showed that myricetin administration specifically reduced the immobility time in mice exposed to chronic stress, as tested in both forced swimming test and tail suspension test. Myricetin treatment improved activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) in the hippocampus of stressed mice. In addition, myricetin treatment decreased plasma corticosterone levels of those mice subjected to repeated restraint stress. The effects of myricetin on the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in hippocampus were also investigated. The results revealed that myricetin normalized the decreased BDNF levels in mice subjected to repeated restraint stress. These findings provided more evidence that chronic administration of myricetin improves helpless behaviors. The protective effects of myricetin might be partially mediated by an influence on BDNF levels and might be attributed to myricetin-mediated anti-oxidative stress in the hippocampus.
Pressure Casting of Fiber-Reinforced Metals (2008)

This work investigates the infiltration of molten aluminum into a network of preheated fibers using an infiltration apparatus which allows continuous measurement of the position of the metal as it infiltrates a perform of Saffil™ fibers. An analytical model is used to treat infiltration as viscous flow through a regular array of cylinders. Taking into account the solidified metal and the fibers, calculated values of permeability agree well with those measured experimentally. The effect of thermal losses to the surrounding environment are also modeled, with results presenting the effect of fiber temperature, fiber volume fraction, and infiltration pressure on total infiltration length. Results from theoretical calculations are compared to experimental data.
New Developments in the Chemotherapy of Lentivirus (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) Infections: Sensitivity/Resistance of HIV‐1 to Non‐nucleoside HIV‐1‐specific Inhibitors<sup>a</sup> (1994)

Of the different steps of the HIV replicative cycle, the reverse transcription step has received most attention as a target for chemotherapeutic intervention. The reverse transcriptase (RT) can be blocked by both nucleoside (nucleotide) and non-nucleoside type of inhibitors. Whereas the former act as competitive inhibitors with respect to the natural substrates or alternate substrates (chain terminators), the latter act allosterically with a non-substrate binding site of the enzyme. Several non-nucleoside types of RT inhibitors have proved to inhibit HIV-1 replication at nanomolar concentrations that are 10(4)- to 10(5)-fold lower than the cytotoxic concentrations. Although a non-nucleoside HIV-1-specific RT inhibitor may rapidly select for virus-drug resistance in cell culture, the resulting mutant strain may or may not show cross-resistance, and in some instances even hypersensitivity, to other HIV-specific RT inhibitors. When used at the appropriate concentrations, HIV-1-specific RT inhibitors are able to completely shut off ("knock-out") virus replication in vitro, under conditions where dideoxynucleoside analogues such as AZT fail to do so. This apparent "sterilizing effect" achieved by the non-nucleoside type of HIV-1-specific RT inhibitors opens new perspectives for the treatment of HIV infections in patients.
Transflective multiplexing of holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal using Si additives (2010)

Morphology, grating formation dynamics and electro-optical performance of transflective multiplexing with holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal (HPDLC) were investigated in the presence of silica nanoparticles (Aerosil R812 (RS) and modified Aerosil 200 (MS)) and silicon monomer (vinyltrimethoxy silane (VTMS)) by using three coherent laser beams. The addition of Si additive significantly augmented the diffraction efficiencies of transmission and reflection gratings due to the enhanced phase separation with large LC channels. The film was driven only with Si additives which are enriched at the polymer-LC interfaces. As the additive content increased, driving voltage decreased to a minimum of 30 V at 2.0 wt% VTMS. It was found that the interface modification and large droplet size are crucial to operate the film. Among the three types of Si additive, VTMS showed the highest electro-optical performance due to its low viscosity and high reactivity.
New Initiator Systems for Dental Resins Based on Ascorbic Acid (1979)

Several promising initiator systems for the ambient polymerization of dental monomers were developed utilizing the oxidation-reduction reactions of certain organic peroxides and certain transition metal compounds with L(+) ascorbic acid and its derivatives.
Malware detection by applying knowledge discovery processes to application metadata on the Android Market (Google Play) (2013)

Recent smartphone platforms based on new operating systems, such as iOS, Android, or Windows Phone, have been a huge success in recent years and open up many new opportunities. Unfortunately, 2011 also showed us that the new technologies and the privacy-related data on smartphones are also increasingly interesting for attackers. Especially, the Android platform has been the favorite target for malware, mainly because of the openness of the platform, the ability to install applications from other sources than the Android Market, and the significant gains in market share. Although the processes of detecting and analyzing malware are well known from the PC world, where the arms race between attackers and defenders has continued for the past 15years, they cannot be directly applied to smartphone platforms because of differences in the hardware and software architectures. In this paper, we first give an overview of the current malware situation on smartphone platforms with a special focus on Android and explain relevant malware detection and analysis methods. It turns out that most of the current malware relies on the installation by the user, who represents the last line of defense in malware detection. With these conclusions, we then present a new malware detection method that focuses on the information that the user is able to see prior to the installation of an application-the metadata within the platform's software market. Depending on the platform, this includes the application's description, its permissions, the ratings, or information about the developer. To analyze these data, we use sophisticated knowledge discovery processes and lean statistical methods. By presenting a wide range of examples based on real application metadata extracted from the Android Market, we show the possibilities of the new method. With the possibilities, we argue that it should be an essential part of a complete malware analysis/detection chain that includes other well-known methods such as network traffic analysis, or static, or dynamic code inspection. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Production of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor–like Mitogen by Smooth-Muscle Cells from Human Atheroma (1988)

Proliferation of vascular smooth-muscle cells occurs during the development of atherosclerosis and the remodeling of arteries that accompanies chronic systemic or pulmonary hypertension. To help define the signals that initiate this abnormal growth, we cultured smooth-muscle cells from human atherosclerotic plaques. These cells (n = 9) released material into their culture medium that stimulated the proliferation of aortic smooth-muscle cells to a mean (+/- SD) level 5.1 +/- 1 times that in control medium. Part of this activity was due to molecules that resemble a mitogen first isolated from platelets and known as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), since these cells released PDGF measured in a radioreceptor assay (355 +/- 117 pg per milliliter per 48 hours; n = 6) and since anti-PDGF antibody neutralized 38 +/- 7 percent of this mitogenic activity (range, 13 to 60 percent; n = 6 carotid-plaque isolates). Two human genes encode distinct PDGF subunits that form dimers in different combinations to create biologically active PDGF. Cells cultured from human atheroma contained mRNAs for the PDGF A chain (16 of 17 isolates) but none (of 13) that encoded PDGF B chain (the c-sis proto-oncogene product). We conclude that smooth-muscle cells from diseased human arteries can secrete mitogenic activity, some of which resembles PDGF, and that these cells express the gene for the PDGF A chain selectively. This capacity to produce an endogenous, potentially self-stimulatory (autocrine) growth factor may help to explain how replication of smooth-muscle cells can begin, even while the endothelial barrier remains morphologically intact, early in atherogenesis.
Memory system reliability improvement through associative cache redundancy (2002)

A redundancy memory architecture that increases system memory reliability without incurring the memory access speed degradation or size impact that result from using error-correction coding or paper-swapping techniques have been developed. The architecture uses a small associative cache memory to provide redundant memory locations. Logic is provided to perform memory system testing and remapping of fault memory locations. A VLSI circuit has been developed that incorporates the features of the architecture as a proof-of-concept demonstration. This device has been designated the memory reliability enhancement peripheral (MREP).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Effects of Different Fluids on the Relationship between Swallowing and Breathing during Nutritive Sucking in Neonates (2002)

This study in 10 term infants investigated the effects of different fluids on the coordination between swallowing and breathing during bottle feedings. Sucking pressure, swallowing, breathing and O(2) saturation were examined in each infant during bottle feedings with breast milk, formula and distilled water. When receiving breast milk, the infants showed a significantly higher breathing rate than with the other liquids. Swallows followed by inspiration were demonstrated less often with breast milk compared with formula or distilled water. In conclusion, expressed breast milk is suitable for neonates because better coordination between swallowing and breathing could be obtained and subclinical aspiration could be prevented.
Neuropathic Itch (2011)

Chronic itch can be caused by dysfunctions of itch-sensing neurons that produce sensory hallucinations of pruritogenic stimuli. The cellular and molecular mechanisms are still unknown. All neurological disease categories have been implicated, and neurological causes should be considered for patients with otherwise-unexplained itch. The same neurological illnesses that cause neuropathic pain can also or instead cause itch. These include shingles (particularly of the head or neck), small-fiber polyneuropathies, radiculopathies (eg, notalgia paresthetica and brachioradial pruritis), and diverse lesions of the trigeminal nerve, root, and central tracts. Central nervous system lesions affecting sensory pathways, including strokes, multiple sclerosis, and cavernous hemangiomas, can cause central itch. Neuropathic itch is a potent trigger of reflex and volitional scratching although this provides only fleeting relief. Rare patients whose lesion causes sensory loss as well as neuropathic itch can scratch deeply enough to cause painless self-injury. The most common location is on the face (trigeminal trophic syndrome). Treating neuropathic itch is difficult; antihistamines, corticosteroids, and most pain medications are largely ineffective. Current treatment recommendations include local or systemic administration of inhibitors of neuronal excitability (especially local anesthetics) and barriers to reduce scratching.
The Present Scene (1990)

The 1960s and 1970s had witnessed a great liberalisation in attitudes towards and treatment of theatre, both for the ‘mature’ and the young. The present scene can conveniently be dated from 1979, the year the Conservative Government under Margaret Thatcher was elected. The new right-wing radicalism, which ushered in the entrepreneurial society, had an impact on the nature of some and the viability of virtually all theatrical endeavours. Public expenditure was cut, there was rate-capping and accountability, the Arts Council was starved of adequate funds and the Metropolitan Borough Councils, which had been sympathetic towards the underprivileged and generous towards minority groups, were eventually abolished. In a climate where profitability is the touchstone, theatre for young people is particularly at risk. Main-stream theatre, looking to its own survival, may be tempted to do the minimum for young audiences. Well-established TIE and YPT companies also found their existence threatened, companies such as M6, Harrogate and Wolsey and even the famous, epoch-making Coventry Belgrade TIE Company.
Moderation of Anal Sphincter Tone With Nitric Oxide Agonists and Antagonists (1996)

These data indicate that the action of agonists and antagonists of nitric oxide synthesis carries across the anorectal mucosa and rapidly modifies sphincter tone.
Efficiency of Compact Organic Rankine Cycle System with Rotary-Vane-Type Expander for Low-Temperature Waste Heat Recovery (2010)

This paper describes the experimental efficiency of a compact organic Rankine cycle (ORC) system with a compact rotary-vane-type expander. The compact ORC system can be used for power generation from low-temperature heat sources such as waste heat from various small-scale heat engines, fuel cells, electric devices, and solar thermal energy. The purpose of this study is to develop an ORC system with a low power output of less than 1 kW with a hot temperature source ranging from 60°C to 100°C and a cold temperature source ranging from 10°C to 30°C. The power output of the system is rather less due to limited heat efficiency. Therefore, the system should have an economically optimal efficiency. In order to realize such a system, an efficient and low-cost expander is indispensable. An experimental ORC system was developed using the rotary-vane-type expander which is one of possible candidates of the expander. The experimental results revealed the expander performance for various rotation speeds, expander efficiencies, and thermal efficiencies. Approximately 30 W of expander power output with 48% expander efficiency and 4% thermal efficiency with a temperature difference between the hot and cold sources of 80°C was achieved.