gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Radio resource management in beyond 3G systems (2006)

Beyond 3G systems is usually the term used to refer to the new scenarios in the wireless arena where different radio access technologies (RATs) coexist and operate in a coordinated way. This cooperation must indeed be regarded as a new challenge to offer services to the users over an efficient and ubiquitous radio access. In this way, the user can be served through the RAT that fits better to the terminal capabilities and service requirements, and also a more efficient use of the radio resources can be achieved. This challenge calls for the introduction of new radio resource management (RRM) algorithms operating from a common perspective that take into account the overall amount of resources offered by the available RATs. In this context, this paper presents the framework for developing RRM algorithms in the B3G scenarios, including some possible approaches.
A New Opaque Variant of Maize by a Single Dominant RNA-Interference-Inducing Transgene (2003)

In maize, alpha-zeins, the main protein components of seed stores, are major determinants of nutritional imbalance when maize is used as the sole food source. Mutations like opaque-2 (o2) are used in breeding varieties with improved nutritional quality. However, o2 works in a recessive fashion by affecting the expression of a subset of 22-kD alpha-zeins, as well as additional endosperm gene functions. Thus, we sought a dominant mutation that could suppress the storage protein genes without interrupting O2 synthesis. We found that maize transformed with RNA interference (RNAi) constructs derived from a 22-kD zein gene could produce a dominant opaque phenotype. This phenotype segregates in a normal Mendelian fashion and eliminates 22-kD zeins without affecting the accumulation of other zein proteins. A system for regulated transgene expression generating antisense RNA also reduced the expression of 22-kD zein genes, but failed to give an opaque phenotype. Therefore, it appears that small interfering RNAs not only may play an important regulatory role during plant development, but also are effective genetic tools for dissecting the function of gene families. Since the dominant phenotype is also correlated with increased lysine content, the new mutant illustrates an approach for creating more nutritious crop plants.
Homology modelling of the catalytic domain of human furin (1994)

A model is presented for the three-dimensional structure of the catalytic domain of the human serine proteinase furin and its interaction with model substrates. This homology model is based on the crystal structures of subtilisin BPN' and thermitase in complex with the inhibitor eglin, and it also applies to other members of the eukaryotic subtilisin-like proprotein convertases. Predictions are made of the general protein fold, inserted loops, disulfide bonds, Ca(2+)-binding sites and salt bridges. A detailed prediction of the substrate-binding region attempts to explain the basis of specificity for multiple basic residues preceding the cleavage site. Specific acidic residues in the S1, S2 and S4 subsites of the substrate-binding region of furin are identified which appear to be of particular importance, while residues of the S2', S3, S5 and S6 subsites may also contribute to substrate binding. Based on this model, protein engineering can be employed not only to test the predicted enzyme-substrate interactions, as demonstrated for human furin, but, equally importantly, to design proprotein convertases with a desired specificity, or to design novel substrates or inhibitors.
Insertion reactions of isocyanides and nitriles into unsupported iron-aryl bonds: the synthesis of a dimeric iron(II) homoleptic iminoacyl complex (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInsertion reactions of isocyanides and nitriles into unsupported iron-aryl bonds: the synthesis of a dimeric iron(II) homoleptic iminoacyl complexAlain Klose, Euro Solari, Richard Ferguson, Carlo Floriani, Angiola Chiesi-Villa, and Corrado RizzoliCite this: Organometallics 1993, 12, 7, 2414–2416Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1993https://doi.org/10.1021/om00031a006RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1116Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (370 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
A low-complexity combined antenna array and interference cancellation DS-CDMA receiver in multipath fading channels (2002)

A simple direct sequence-code division multiple access receiver that combines adaptive beamforming with parallel interference cancellation in a multipath fading channel is proposed and analyzed. A fast adaptation, conjugate gradient algorithm is used to find the optimum beamformer weights. By beamforming, the desired user's signal is enhanced and the cochannel interference from other directions is reduced. For in-beam multiple access interference reduction, a parallel interference canceller is used in each RAKE finger. In the demodulation process, we propose a new demodulation method in which the incoming signal is correlated with the effecting spreading code rather than the physical spreading code called the effective matched filter. A new combining method called equivalent maximal ratio combining is also proposed and analyzed. The average uncoded bit error rate as a function of the average antenna signal-to-noise ratio and the number of receiving antennas is examined in a frequency selective Rayleigh fading channel for all proposed receiver structures. Both simulation and analysis show an increase in system capacity as a function of the number of antennas and the number of interferers canceled per finger.
Recent Advances in Azaborine Chemistry (2012)

The chemistry of organoboron compounds has been primarily dominated by their use as powerful reagents in synthetic organic chemistry. Recently, the incorporation of boron as part of a functional target structure has emerged as a useful way to generate diversity in organic compounds. A commonly applied strategy is the replacement of a CC unit with its isoelectronic BN unit. In particular, the BN/CC isosterism of the ubiquitous arene motif has undergone a renaissance in the past decade. The parent molecule of the 1,2-dihydro-1,2-azaborine family has now been isolated. New mono- and polycyclic B,N heterocycles have been synthesized for potential use in biomedical and materials science applications. This review is a tribute to Dewar's first synthesis of a monocyclic 1,2-dihydro-1,2-azaborine 50 years ago and discusses recent advances in the synthesis and characterization of heterocycles that contain carbon, boron, and nitrogen.
Summary of Toxicity Studies with Pyridaben (1994)

The safety of pyridaben for users and consumers can be summarized as follows. The acute studies with technical material showed pyridaben to have moderate to low toxicity. Pyridaben caused no irritation of skin and eye and no contact sensitization. Pyridaben did not show mutagenic potential, was not oncogenic in rats and mice, did not affect reproductive performance in rats and was not teratogenic in rats and rabbits although decreases in bodyweight and food consumption were seen in teratology studies. In addition, the main effects seen in subchronic to chronic toxicity studies were the reduction of bodyweight gain, depression of food consumption and impairment of food conversion efficiency. A specific target organ, however, was not identified. The NOEL's for chronic studies in rats, mice and dogs on a mg/kg bodyweight basis were comparable. The minimum value of the maximum no-effect level was 8ppm in the oncogenicity study of mice. In conclusion, there were no adverse toxicological findings based on the above studies.Sanmite® WP and Sanmite® SC containing 20% pyridaben were registered by Japanese MAFF in 1991 as an acaricide and insecticide for various fruits as well as for tea. Pyridaben and its formulations were specified by Japanese MHW as harmful substances because of the acute toxicity data. However, the products are not considered to be a cause for concern in the safety of users and consumers provided they are used carefully and in accordance with the established standard for safe use.
Reversible Conversion Reactions with Lithium in Bismuth Oxyfluoride Nanocomposites (2005)

For the first time, the effect of the oxygen anion substitution on the reversible electrochemical activity of metal fluorides was investigated through the use of bismuth oxyfluorides. We demonstrate that a reversible conversion occurs in nanocomposites with the formation of , and/or LiF during lithiation and the reformation of during subsequent delithiation as opposed to a two-phase mixture of . We also show evidence that in BiOF and the fluoride component reacts first at higher voltage during lithiation to form , LiF, and . The newly formed is then subsequently reduced into and on a second plateau at lower voltage. During delithiation the process is reversed, reacting first at low voltage followed by LiF. Although cycling is presently poor, our results show that a relatively low oxygen content can significantly improve the electrochemical activity of the metal fluoride, suggesting that optimized metal oxyfluorides could be an attractive alternative to metal fluorides for applications as positive electrode materials in lithium batteries.
Reduction of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells and Induction of M1 Macrophages Facilitate the Rejection of Established Metastatic Disease (2005)

More than 60% of STAT6(-/-) mice immunologically reject spontaneous metastatic mammary carcinoma and survive indefinitely if their primary tumors are removed, whereas 95% of STAT6-competent BALB/c mice succumb to metastatic disease. BALB/c and STAT6-deficient mice with primary tumors have elevated levels of Gr1(+)CD11b(+) myeloid suppressor cells (MSCs), which inhibit T cell activation. After removal of primary tumor, MSC levels revert to baseline in STAT6-deficient mice, but remain elevated in BALB/c mice. The decrease is IFN-gamma dependent, as is the reduction in metastatic disease. Neither BALB/c nor STAT6-deficient MSCs produce inducible NO synthase; however, both produce arginase and reactive oxygen species. STAT6-deficient mice produce M1 macrophages, which contain high levels of NO and are tumoricidal, whereas BALB/c mice produce M2 macrophages, which make arginase and are not tumoricidal. Immunity in STAT6-deficient mice requires the activation of NO-producing M1 macrophages that are tumoricidal, the reduction in MSC levels to baseline after surgical removal of primary tumor, and the activation of tumor-specific T cells. These mechanisms occur in STAT6(-/-) mice because STAT6 deficiency prevents signaling through the type 2 IL-4Ralpha, thereby blocking the production of arginase and promoting the synthesis of NO.
Four-junction AlGaAs/GaAs laser power converter (2018)

Four-junction AlGaAs/GaAs laser power converters (LPCs) with n+-GaAs/p+-Al0.37Ga0.63As heterostructure tunnel junctions (TJs) have been designed and grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) for converting the power of 808 nm lasers. A maximum conversion efficiency ηc of 56.9% ± 4% is obtained for cells with an aperture of 3.14 mm2 at an input laser power of 0.2 W, while dropping to 43.3% at 1.5 W. Measured current–voltage (I–V) characteristics indicate that the performance of the LPC can be further improved by increasing the tunneling current density of TJs and optimizing the thicknesses of sub-cells to achieve current matching in LPC.
A Dilution Stack Sampler for Collection of Organic Aerosol Emissions: Design, Characterization and Field Tests (1989)

A dilution stack sampler specifically intended to collect fine organic aerosol from combustion sources while minimizing sample contamination has been designed and tested. The sampler simulates the cooling and dilution processes that occur in the plume downwind of a combustion source, so that the organic compounds which condense under ambient conditions will be collected as particulate matter. The special features of this sampler are described in detail, and compared with other stack sampling systems. The results of both laboratory and field tests of the system are discussed. Collection of organic aerosol using this sampler is compared with collection using EPA Method 5.
Autoantibodies to low‐density lipoprotein receptor–related protein 4 in myasthenia gravis (2010)

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease of the neuromuscular junction, where acetylcholine receptor (AChR), muscle-specific kinase (MuSK), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-related protein 4 (Lrp4) are essential. About 80% and 0% to 10% of patients with generalized MG have autoantibodies to AChR and MuSK, respectively, but pathogenic factors are elusive in others. Here we show that a proportion of AChR antibody-negative patients have autoantibodies to Lrp4. These antibodies inhibit binding of Lrp4 to its ligand and predominantly belong to the immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) subclass, a complement activator. These findings together indicate the involvement of Lrp4 antibodies in the pathogenesis of AChR antibody-negative MG.
The stem cell niche of human livers: Symmetry between development and regeneration (2008)

Human livers contain two pluripotent progenitors: hepatic stem cells and hepatoblasts. The hepatic stem cells uniquely express the combination of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), cytokeratin (CK) 19, albumin +/-, and are negative for alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). They are precursors to hepatoblasts, which differ from hepatic stem cells in size, morphology, and in expressing the combination of EpCAM, intercellular cell adhesion molecule (ICAM-1), CK19, albumin++, and AFP++. The hepatic stem cells are located in vivo in stem cell niches: the ductal plates in fetal and neonatal livers and canals of Hering in pediatric and adult livers. The hepatoblasts are contiguous to the niches, decline in numbers with age, wax and wane in numbers with injury responses, and are proposed to be the liver's transit-amplifying cells. In adult livers, intermediates between hepatic stem cells and hepatoblasts and between hepatoblasts and adult parenchyma are observed. Amplification of one or both pluripotent cell subpopulations can occur in diseases; for example, hepatic stem cell amplification occurs in mild forms of liver failure, and hepatoblast amplification occurs in forms of cirrhosis. Liver is, therefore, similar to other tissues in that regenerative processes in postnatal tissues parallel those occurring in development and involve populations of stem cells and progenitor cells that can be identified by anatomic, antigenic, and biochemical profiles.
Modeling Helicopter Rotor Blade Flapping Motion Considering Nonlinear Aerodynamics (2008)

The flapping equation for a rotating rigid helicopter blade is typically derived by considering 1) small flap angle, 2) small induced angle of attack and 3) linear aerodynamics. However, the use of nonlinear aerodynamics can make the assumptions of small angles suspect. A general equation describing helicopter blade flap dynamics for large flap angle and large induced inflow angle of attack is derived in this paper with nonlinear aerodynamics . Numerical simulations are performed by solving the nonlinear flapping ordinary differential equation for steady state conditions and the validity of the small angle approximations are examined. It is shown that the small flapping assumption, and to a lesser extent, the small induced angle of attack assumption can lead to inaccurate predictions of the blade flap response in certain flight conditions for some rotors when nonlinear aerodynamics is considered.
The Relationship Between Concentration and Efficiency in Rare Earth Activated Phosphors (1979)

The concentration‐dependence of cathodoluminescence efficiency for the rare earth (RE) activators Ce3+, Eu3+, Gd3+, or Tb3+ in YAG is compared at 300° and 25°K and extends earlier work by the authors. Competitive recombination processes in the garnet phosphors include recombination at bulk lattice defect centers detected by near‐u.v. luminescence and recombination through some shunt pathway dominant at 300°K. The experimental data are interpreted using a kinetic model, and except for the activator Gd3+, can be fitted using reasonable parameters. The model includes a specific mechanism for activator excitation (a bound exciton state) and the effects of impurity scattering on the rate of recombination at lattice defect centers. It is shown that one of the most important factors governing the general shape of the efficiency vs. concentration curve is the activator thermalization factor, . This in turn depends on the depth of the impurity potential and the rate of energy transfer in the impurity‐exciton complex. The general theory as developed is useful in rationalizing earlier measurements of efficiency vs. concentration for RE activators in a number of oxide and oxysulfide lattices.
Predicting complex events for pro-active IoT applications (2015)

The widespread use of IoT devices has opened the possibilities for many innovative applications. Almost all of these applications involve analyzing complex data streams with low latency requirements. In this regard, pattern recognition methods based on CEP have the potential to provide solutions for analyzing and correlating these complex data streams in order to detect complex events. Most of these solutions are reactive in nature as CEP acts on real-time data and does not exploit historical data. In our work, we have explored a proactive approach by exploiting historical data using machine learning methods for prediction with CEP. We propose an adaptive prediction algorithm called Adaptive Moving Window Regression (AMWR) for dynamic IoT data and evaluated it using a real-world use case. Our proposed architecture is generic and can be used across different fields for predicting complex events.
Tumor Escape from Immune Response: Mechanisms and Targets of Activity (2003)

Immune system plays an important role in control of tumor progression. Effective antitumor immune response depends on close interaction of several elements of immune system. They include antigen-presenting cells, different subsets of T cells, B cells and NK cells. However, tumor cells developed a number of mechanisms to escape recognition and elimination by immune system. In this review we will discuss these mechanisms and address possible approaches to correct them.
Evaluating existing audio CAPTCHAs and an interface optimized for non-visual use (2009)

Audio CAPTCHAs were introduced as an accessible alternative for those unable to use the more common visual CAPTCHAs, but anecdotal accounts have suggested that they may be more difficult to solve. This paper demonstrates in a large study of more than 150 participants that existing audio CAPTCHAs are clearly more difficult and time-consuming to complete as compared to visual CAPTCHAs for both blind and sighted users. In order to address this concern, we developed and evaluated a new interface for solving CAPTCHAs optimized for non-visual use that can be added in-place to existing audio CAPTCHAs. In a subsequent study, the optimized interface increased the success rate of blind participants by 59% on audio CAPTCHAs, illustrating a broadly applicable principle of accessible design: the most usable audio interfaces are often not direct translations of existing visual interfaces.
Microstructure and characteristics of high dimension brazed joints of cermets and steel (2009)

AbstrAct Purpose: In the article a state of the question concerning stresses in brazing joints of different physical and mechanical properties was appraised as well as possibility of their decrease due to use of different techniques from technological experiments to numerical methods. Evaluation of microstructure and mechanical properties of large dimensional vacuum brazed joints of WC – Co and Ferro Titanit Nicro 128 sinters and precipitation hardened stainless steel of 14 –5 PH (X5CrNiMoCuNb14-5) using copper and silver – copper as the brazing filler metal. Design/methodology/approach: Microscopic examinations with the use of scanning electron microscope (SEM) were performed to establish microstructure and diffusion influences on creation of intermetallic phases in the joint. Shear strength Rt and tensile strength Rm of the joints have been defined. It have been state, that the basic factors decreasing quality of the joint, which can occur during vacuum brazing of the WC - Co ISO K05 sinter – Cu or Ag - Cu brazing filler metal – 14 -5 PH steel joints are diffusive processes leading to exchange of the cermets and brazing filler metal elements and creation of intermetallic in the joint. It can have an unfavourable influence on ductility and quality of the joint.
Light Transport and Localization in Two-Dimensional Correlated Disorder (2014)

Structural correlations in disordered media are known to affect significantly the propagation of waves. In this Letter, we theoretically investigate the transport and localization of light in 2D photonic structures with short-range correlated disorder. The problem is tackled semianalytically using the Baus-Colot model for the structure factor of correlated media and a modified independent scattering approximation. We find that short-range correlations make it possible to easily tune the transport mean free path by more than a factor of 2 and the related localization length over several orders of magnitude. This trend is confirmed by numerical finite-difference time-domain calculations. This study therefore shows that disorder engineering can offer fine control over light transport and localization in planar geometries, which may open new opportunities in both fundamental and applied photonics research.
Novel DR-tree index based on the diagonal line of MBR (2012)

The application of spatial database is increasingly widespread. How to effectively store and organize multidimensional space data and improve the processing efficiency of multidimensional data has become a central issue. R-tree is one of the most widely used spatial indexes. Due to the existing large overlap and coverage among the nodes of R-tree, the search path of a data object is not unique, and the search efficiency declines sharply when the amount of data increases. Based on the analysis and research of previous index trees, a novel DR-tree index based on the diagonal lines of MBR is proposed in this paper. DR-tree uses the diagonal line of MBR to indicate spatial data objects and construct R-tree, still adopt the endpoint coordinates of MBR diagonal to signify the location of leaf nodes or non-leaf nodes. Since MBR is simplified, the coverage and overlap among regions are also reduced. Experimental results show that the new index tree is superior to R-tree in performance. The query paths of data objects are single, the insertion, deletion, and query efficiency of data objects are significantly improved, and the performance of the new index tree becomes more apparent when the amount of data objects increases.