gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Esophageal Preservation in Five Male Patients After Endoscopic Inner-Layer Circumferential Resection in the Setting of Superficial Cancer: A Regenerative Medicine Approach with a Biologic Scaffold (2011)

As a result of injury caused by chronic gastroesophageal reflux, Barrett's esophagus with high-grade dysplasia and esophageal adenocarcinoma are rapidly increasing problems in the United States. The current standard of care involves esophagectomy, a procedure associated with a high morbidity, a negative impact on long term quality of life, and a mortality rate of 1-6 percent. An entirely endoscopic technique for circumferential, long segment en bloc removal of the mucosa and submucosa with subsequent placement of a biologic scaffold material that promotes a constructive remodeling response and minimizes stricture is described herein. The results of this approach are reported for five patients with 4-24-month follow-up. Restoration of normal mature, K4+/K14+, squamous epithelium, and return to a normal diet without significant dysphagia is reported for all patients. Two of five patients show a small focus of recurrent Barrett's esophagus at the gastroesophageal junction, but the entire length and circumference of the reconstituted esophageal mucosa remains free of disease. This experience provides evidence that a regenerative medicine approach may, for the first time, enable aggressive endoscopic resection of early stage neoplasia without the need for esophagectomy and its associated complications.
Structure and coding properties of a dominant Escherichia coli mutator gene, mutD. (1983)

The region of the Escherichia coli chromosome coding for the mutD gene was cloned, mutD5 function resides on a 1.2-kilobase fragment coding for a 28-kilodalton (kDa) protein. A deletion end-point analysis shows that the presence of the 28-kDa protein is required for mutD5 function and suggests that the mutD functional region has sufficient capacity to code for a second polypeptide of approximately 20 kDa. Plasmids carrying the mutD5 and mut+ alleles both produce the 28-kDa species. The product of mutD5 is dominant when carried by single and multicopy plasmids. The product of mut+ is dominant only on multicopy plasmids. Thus, mutD5 exhibits negative complementation. We suggest that the 28-kDa protein participates in a multimeric structure, perhaps at the replication fork.
A simple detection method for RLL codes (Run detector) [magneto-optical disk systems] (1997)

In Magneto-Optical (MO) disk systems, the conventional edge detection method with a run-length limited (RLL) code has the limitation of detection of recorded bits at linear densities where the carrier level of the minimum mark length is small, because of increasing inter-symbol interference (ISI). We propose a new detection scheme which has performance as good as the conventional Viterbi detector and which yields good detection quality for such ISI. Stable detection is realized by detecting prohibited run-length codes and adjusting the decision algorithm to disk recording characteristics. The proposed detection scheme is effective at high linear densities and with tilt phenomena, and this circuit is much smaller than that of the Viterbi detector.
Fabrication and evaluation of nanoporous alumina membranes for osteoblast culture (2005)

An understanding of osteoblast response to surface topography is essential for successful bone tissue engineering applications. Alumina has been extensively used as a substrate for bone tissue constructs. However, current techniques do not allow precise surface topography and orientation of the material. In this research, a two-step anodization process was optimized for the fabrication of nanoporous alumina membranes with uniform pore dimension and distribution. The anodization voltage can be varied to create nanoporous alumina membranes with pore sizes ranging from 30 to 80 nm in diameter. The impact of the nanoscale pores on osteoblast response was studied by evaluating cell adhesion, morphology, and matrix production. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy were used to characterize the nanoporous alumina membranes. Osteoblast adhesion and morphology were investigated using scanning electron microscopy images and matrix production was characterized using energy dispersive spectroscopy. This research combined the advantages of using alumina, a material with proven biocompatibility and current orthopedic clinical applications, and incorporated porous features on the nanoscale which have been reported to improve osteoblast response.
Two Alternative Registration and Paging Schemes for Supporting Idle Mode in IEEE 802.16e Wireless MAN (2006)

In IEEE 802.16e Mobile Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN) system, idle mode and paging are defined in order to save battery power of MS and scarce radio resource. Current IEEE 802.16e standard, however, only specifies physical (PHY) layer and medium access control (MAC) layer protocols and mechanisms on idle mode management and paging in network layer have not been completed yet. In this paper, two alternative registration and paging schemes are proposed in order to support idle mode in IEEE 802.16e Wireless MAN system with location server (LS) and paging controller (PC). These mechanisms can be used in implementing network entities for IEEE 802.16e Wireless MAN system. The performance of the two schemes is analyzed based on mathematical analysis. The results show that there is a tradeoff between two schemes based on mobility and traffic characteristics of MS.
Reasoning with cases in clinical problem solving (2002)

This paper first describes the effort that has been done so far by researchers in artificial intelligence in the use of case-based reasoning (CBR) for the realisation of computer-based systems in clinical problem solving. Then, the approach we have chosen for building a case-based system in a specific medical domain (liver diseases) is presented, stressing the advantages of the use of CBR in medicine. CBR is a recent approach to problem solving and learning; it means using old experiences to understand and solve new problems. A new problem is solved by finding a similar past case and reusing it in the new problem situation. The aim of this work is the development of a CBR module running on an open network architecture.
The Tissue‐Specific Processing of Pro‐Opiomelanocortin (2008)

It is just over 30 years since the definitive identification of the adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) precursor, pro-opiomelanocotin (POMC). Although first characterised in the anterior and intermediate lobes of the pituitary, POMC is also expressed in a number of both central and peripheral tissues including the skin, central nervous tissue and placenta. Following synthesis, POMC undergoes extensive post-translational processing producing not only ACTH, but also a number of other biologically active peptides. The extent and pattern of this processing is tissue-specific, the end result being the tissue dependent production of different combinations of peptides from the same precursor. These peptides have a diverse range of biological roles ranging from pigmentation to adrenal function to the regulation of feeding. This level of complexity has resulted in POMC becoming the archetypal model for prohormone processing, illustrating how a single protein combined with post-translational modification can have a diverse number of roles.
&lt;title&gt;Endoscopic fluorescence detection of early lung cancer&lt;/title&gt; (1991)

Carcinoma in situ and early lung cancer have been detected by fluorescence imaging, a ratio fluorometer, and a realtime fluorescence spectrum analyzer. Positive results have been obtained with all three methods, but there is less experience with the spectrum analyzer. The latest development is to ratio red-to-green in a pixel-by-pixel fashion, combining the advantages of the imaging technique and the red-to-green ratio fluorometer.
Itanium 2 processor microarchitecture (2003)

The Itanium 2 processor extends the processing power of the Itanium processor family with a capable and balanced microarchitecture. Executing up to six instructions at a time, it provides both performance and binary compatibility for Itanium-based applications and operating systems.
Volume Change of Seismic Sources from Moment Tensors (2001)

In this note, the estimation of the volume change in the focal region of a seismic event from the isotropic part of the moment tensor is discussed. The moment tensor of a spherically symmetric source (explosion or implosion), as given in an earlier derivation, is supported with new arguments. The moment tensor of an explosion currently in use in studies of non-double-couple earthquakes is not confirmed. It turns out, however, that this moment tensor agrees with the isotropic part of the moment tensor of an arbitrarily shaped crack with tensile dislocation components, which is another realistic model of a source with volume change. If the moment M , representing the isotropic part of an observed moment tensor, is converted into a volume change with the model of a crack, Δ V cr = M /(λ + 2μ/3) is obtained (λ,μ = Lame parameters). The explosion or implosion model gives the spherical volume Δ V sph = M /(λ + λ2μ), a significantly lower value. It is argued that the two values, which correspond to very different geometrical forms of a volume change (flat 2D versus compact 3D), approximately mark the range of possible volume changes of a seismic event. Earthquakes in volcanic and geothermal areas with significant isotropic moment-tensor parts should be interpreted by giving these limits until their source processes are better understood.

Manuscript received 12 October 2000.
Prevention of acute murine cardiac allograft rejection: anti-CD4 or anti-vascular cell adhesion molecule one monoclonal antibodies block acute rejection but permit persistent graft-reactive alloimmunity and chronic tissue remodelling. (1997)

We treated C57BL/6 mouse recipients of DBA/2 cardiac allografts with anti-CD4 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) or anti-vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 mAb to promote long-term allograft survival and subjected both the recipient animals and the long-surviving allografts to a battery of histologic and immunologic tests. The results were similar regardless of the mAb used for antirejection therapy. At all tested times after transplantation, the allografts displayed histologic evidence of ongoing microvascular endothelial activation and interstitial leukocytic infiltration. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analyses revealed continuous intragraft expression of messenger RNA for interleukin 1, interleukin 2, interleukin 4, interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor, interferon gamma, and transforming growth factor beta. All grafts had histologic evidence of ongoing vascular and parenchymal tissue remodeling, including interstitial fibrosis and vascular neointimal hyperplasia. The graft recipients retained limiting dilution analysis--detectable, donor-reactive cytolytic T lymphocyte, and helper T lymphocyte in their spleens and produced high liters of donor-reactive alloantibodies. Variable amounts of allogeneic microchimerism were detectable in some, but not all of the long-surviving graft recipients. In general, these observations indicate that (1) a similar immune status is achieved in long-surviving allografts and their recipients when either anti-CD4 mAb or anti-vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 mAb was used for antirejection therapy, in spite of the major differences in lineage and distribution of cells targeted by these two mAbs, (2) this immune status is characterized by continuous, long-term inflammatory and immune processes very similar to those observed during acute allograft rejection, and (3) in spite of these processes the allografts continue to function, although they invariably develop a chronic rejection-like histopathologic condition that may ultimately limit graft function. In this regard, the recipients of long-surviving allografts do not seem to be tolerant of their graft alloantigens.
Storage topologies (2002)

With information growing at exponential rates, understanding how to cost. effectively deploy storage devices is becoming increasingly important. Not all computer storage designs or deployments are topologies. Declaring a networked storage environment to be a storage area network topology is misleading because a SAN-defined as a network whose primary purpose is the transfer of data between computer systems and storage elements and among storage elements-is not limited to a specific topology or its implementation. What makes the storage useful is what defines a particular topology or combination of topologies. Whether they are internal to a desktop PC or deployed in a large enterprise IT department, most topologies have a common theme. Focusing on how storage topologies are deployed in end-user focused platforms provides a basis for understanding how and why certain devices have migrated toward particular connections. In addition, clarifying the differences between directly attached storage and networked storage helps to explain why deploying large amounts of storage may not require an either-or decision.
NK cells differentiated from bone marrow, cord blood and peripheral blood stem cells exhibit similar phenotype and functions (1998)

In the present study, we investigated the differentiation of human NK cells from bone marrow, cord blood and mobilized peripheral blood purified CD34+ stem cells using a potent culture system. Elutriated CD34+ stem cells were grown for several weeks in medium supplemented with stem cell factor (SCF) and IL-15 in the presence or absence of a murine stromal cell line (MS-5). Our data indicate that IL-15 induced the proliferation and maturation of highly positive CD56+ NK cells in both types of culture, although murine stromal cells slightly increased the proliferation of NK cells. NK cells differentiated in the presence of MS-5 were mostly CD56+ CD7 and a small subset expressed CD16. These in vitro differentiated CD56+ NK cells displayed cytolytic activity against the HLA class I- target K562. The CD56+ CD16+ subset also lysed NK-resistant Daudi cells. Neither of these NK subsets were shown to express Fas ligand. Total CD56+ cells expressed high amounts of transforming growth factor-beta and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, but no IFN-gamma. Investigation of NK receptor expression showed that most CD56+ cells expressed membrane CD94 and NKG2-A mRNA. PCR analysis revealed that p58 was also expressed in these cells. The role of CD94 in NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity was assessed on human HLA-B7-transfected murine L cells. While a low cytotoxic activity towards HLA-B7 cells was observed, the HLA-DR4 control cells were killed with high efficiency. These studies demonstrate that cytolytic and cytokine-producing NK cells may be derived from adult and fetal precursors by IL-15 and that these cells express a CD94 receptor which may influence their lytic potential.
Thunderstorm Characteristics of Cloud-to-Ground Lightning at the Kennedy Space Center, Florida: A Study of Lightning Initiation Signatures as Indicated by the WSR-88D (1999)

The operational potential for predicting the onset of cloud-to-ground lightning is examined. WSR-88D reflectivity echoes were analyzed for 39 airmass thunderstorms that developed over the NASA Kennedy Space Center, Florida, to determine the best lightning initiation signature. This study examined thunderstorms in the months of May–September 1992–97. These storms were studied in conjunction with cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning flash locations from the National Lightning Detection Network. From a time series of radar echoes, it was found that the 40-dBZ echo detected at the −10°C temperature height is the best indicator for predicting the beginning of CG lightning activity. The observed median lag time, or warning time, between this lightning initiation signature and the first CG lightning flashes was 7.5 min. Other lightning initiation signatures examined at −15° and −20°C temperature heights yielded shorter warning times.
Expression of chimeric human transferrin genes in vitro (1990)

Transferrin (TF), a major plasma protein, binds and transports ferric iron. Evidence exists for unique roles for TF in brain in oligodendrocyte differentiation, myelination and neuronal development. In this study, 5' flanking regions of the TF gene important in regulating gene expression were identified by transfected cell studies and a comparison of 5' flanking sequences of the human TF and TF receptor genes. Human glioma cell lines HTB-16 and HTB-17 were shown to synthesize TF identical in size and immunological reaction to TF synthesized by liver. The expression of a series of human chimeric TF genes in glioma cells was compared with hepatoma and HeLa cells. A difference in transient expression was observed in hepatoma and glioma cells transfected with TF chimeric genes containing 3.9 kb of the 5' region; hepatoma cells demonstrated significantly more expression than did glioma cells, suggesting that a DNA region present in the 3.9-kb construct is important either in liver-specific expression or in repression of brain expression, or in both. Smaller constructs containing less than or equal to 0.622 kb of the 5' regulatory region of the TF gene failed to demonstrate cell-specific expression; they were expressed in HeLa cells, a line that does not synthesize TF. High levels of expression of 0.15-kb TF constructs were also observed in hepatoma and glioma cell lines, but not in transgenic mice. Possible explanations of differences observed in expression of shorter TF constructs in vitro and in vivo are discussed.
<i>staggerer</i> phenotype in retinoid-related orphan receptor α-deficient mice (1998)

Retinoid-related orphan receptor alpha (RORalpha) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. To study its physiological role we generated null-mutant mice by targeted insertion of a lacZ reporter gene encoding the enzyme beta-galactosidase. In heterozygous RORalpha+/- mice we found beta-galactosidase activity, indicative of RORalpha protein expression, confined to the central nervous system, skin and testis. In the central nervous system, the RORalpha gene is expressed in cerebellar Purkinje cells, the thalamus, the suprachiasmatic nuclei, and retinal ganglion cells. In skin, RORalpha is strongly expressed in the hair follicle, the epidermis, and the sebaceous gland. Finally, the peritubular cells of the testis and the epithelial cells of the epididymis also strongly express RORalpha. Recently, it was reported that the ataxic mouse mutant staggerer (sg/sg) is caused by a deletion in the RORalpha gene. The analysis of the cerebellar and the behavioral phenotype of homozygous RORalpha-/- mice proves identity to sg/sg mice. Although the absence of RORalpha causes dramatic developmental effects in the cerebellum, it has no apparent morphological effect on thalamus, hypothalamus, and retina. Similarly, testis and skin of RORalpha-/- mice display a normal phenotype. However, the pelage hair of both sg/sg and RORalpha-/- is significantly less dense and when shaved shows reluctance to regrow.
Induction by Interleukin‐15 of Human Killer Cell Activity against Lung Cancer Cell Lines and Its Regulatory Mechanisms (1996)

Interleukin (IL)-15 is a novel cytokine with IL-2-like activity. In the present study, we examined IL-15-mediated induction of killer activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNC) against lung cancer cell lines, and the regulatory mechanisms of this induction by IL-15. Cytotoxic activity was measured by 51Cr release assay. IL-15 at concentrations of more than 10 ng/ml induced significant killer activity of blood MNC against a small cell lung cancer cell line (SBC-3), as well as Daudi cells, and 50 ng/ml was considered its optimal concentration. A time course study revealed that an incubation period of 4-6 days was optimal for induction of killer activity. MNC cultured with IL-15 also exhibited killer activity against other lung cancer cell lines (H-69, N-291 and PC-9 cells). IL-15 and IL-12 had additive effects on induction of killer activity against SBC-3 cells. On the other hand, IL-15 had no synergistic or additive effect on induction of killer activity by IL-2. Fresh human monocytes isolated by centrifugal elutriation augmented the development of killer activity of lymphocytes stimulated by IL-15. As a humoral regulatory factor, IL-4 had a suppressive effect on induction of killer activity by IL-15. IFN-gamma, IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, IL-6 or IL-10 had no effect on induction of killer activity by IL-15 at the optimal concentration. These results suggest that IL-15 has potential for the immunotherapy of lung cancers.
Invited Article: A materials investigation of a phase-change micro-valve for greenhouse gas collection and other potential applications (2012)

The deleterious consequences of climate change are well documented. Future climate treaties might mandate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions measurement from signatories in order to verify compliance. The acquisition of atmospheric chemistry would benefit from low cost, small size/weight/power of microsystems. In this paper, we investigated several key materials science aspects of a phase-change microvalve (PCμV) technology with low power/size/weight/cost for ubiquitous GHG sampling. The novel design, based on phase-change material low-melting-point eutectic metal alloys (indium-bismuth, InBi and tin-lead, SnPb), could be actuated at temperatures as low as 72 °C. Valve manufacturing was based on standard thick and thin-film processes and solder technologies that are commonly used in industry, enabling low-cost, high-volume fabrication. Aging studies showed that it was feasible to batch fabricate the PCμVs and store them for future use, especially in the case of SnPb alloys. Hermetic sealing of the valve prototypes was demonstrated through helium leak testing, and Mil spec leak rates less than 1 × 10(-9) atm cm(3)/s were achieved. This confirms that the sample capture and analysis interval can be greatly expanded, easing the logistical burdens of ubiquitous GHG monitoring. Highly conservative and hypothetical CO(2) bias due to valve actuation at altitude in 1 cm(3) microsamplers would be significantly below 1.0 and 2.2 ppmv for heat-treated InBi and SnPb solders, respectively. The CO(2) bias from the PCμV scales well, as a doubling of sampler volume halved the bias. We estimated the shelf life of the SnPb PCμVs to be at least 2.8 years. These efforts will enable the development of low cost, low dead volume, small size/weight microsystems for monitoring GHGs and volatile organic compounds.