gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Raltitrexed–eloxatin salvage chemotherapy in gemcitabine-resistant metastatic pancreatic cancer (2006)

Limited information on salvage treatment in patients affected by pancreatic cancer is available. At failure, about half of the patients present good performance status (PS) and are candidate for further treatment. Patients >18 years, PS >or=50, with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma previously treated with gemcitabine-containing chemotherapy, and progression-free survival (PFS) <12 months received a combination of raltitrexed (3 mg m(-2)) and oxaliplatin (130 mg m(-2)) every 3 weeks until progression, toxicity, or a maximum of six cycles. A total of 41 patients received 137 cycles of chemotherapy. Dose intensity for both drugs was 92% of the intended dose. Main grade >2 toxicity was: neutropenia in five patients (12%), thrombocytopenia, liver and vomiting in three (7%), fatigue in two (5%). In total, 10 patients (24%) yielded a partial response, 11 a stable disease. Progression-free survival at 6 months was 14.6%. Median survival was 5.2 months. Survival was significantly longer in patients with previous PFS >6 months and in patients without pancreatic localisation. A clinically relevant improvement of quality of life was observed in numerous domains. Raltitrexed-oxaliplatin regimen may constitute a treatment opportunity in gemcitabine-resistant metastatic pancreatic cancer. Previous PFS interval may allow the identification of patients who are more likely to benefit from salvage treatment.
High-quality audio-coding at less than 64 kbit/s by using transform-domain weighted interleave vector quantization (TwinVQ) (2002)

A new audio-coding method is proposed. This method is called transform-domain weighted interleave vector quantization (TwinVQ) and achieves high-quality reproduction at less than 64 kbit/s. The method is a transform coding using modified discrete cosine transform (MDCT). There are three novel techniques in this method: flattening of the MDCT coefficients by the spectrum of linear predictive coding (LPC) coefficients; interframe backward prediction for flattening the MDCT coefficients; and weighted interleave vector quantization. Subjective evaluation tests showed that the quality of the reproduction of TwinVQ exceeded that of an MPEG Layer II coder at the same bitrate.
HIV-1 recombinant poxvirus vaccine induces cross-protection against HIV-2 challenge in rhesus macaques (1995)

Rhesus macaques were immunized with attenuated vaccinia or canarypox human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) recombinants and boosted with HIV-1 protein subunits formulated in alum. Following challenge with HIV-2SBL6669, three out of eight immunized macaques resisted infection for six months and another exhibited significantly delayed infection, whereas all three naive controls became infected. Immunizations elicited both humoral and cellular immune responses; however, no clear correlates of protection were discerned. Although more extensive studies are now called for, this first demonstration of cross-protection between HIV-1 and -2 suggests that viral variability may not be an insurmountable problem in the design of a global AIDS vaccine.
A theory for controlling cell cycle dynamics using a reversibly binding inhibitor (1998)

We demonstrate, by using mathematical modeling of cell division cycle (CDC) dynamics, a potential mechanism for precisely controlling the frequency of cell division and regulating the size of a dividing cell. Control of the cell cycle is achieved by artificially expressing a protein that reversibly binds and inactivates any one of the CDC proteins. In the simplest case, such as the checkpoint-free situation encountered in early amphibian embryos, the frequency of CDC oscillations can be increased or decreased by regulating the rate of synthesis, the binding rate, or the equilibrium constant of the binding protein. In a more complex model of cell division, where size-control checkpoints are included, we show that the same reversible binding reaction can alter the mean cell mass in a continuously dividing cell. Because this control scheme is general and requires only the expression of a single protein, it provides a practical means for tuning the characteristics of the cell cycle in vivo.
History of Ground Wave Propagation Prediction Curves for AM Standard Broadcast (1986)

The history of the FCC curves is traced from the early 1930's, when the Federal Radio Commission and later the FCC faced an intensifying need for technical information concerning interference distances. A family of curves satisfactorily meeting this need was published in 1940 based on theory. Methods for calculating these curves were reexamined recently in connection with the planned expansion of the AM broadcast band, and the resulting ground wave curves are a more precise representation of the mathematical theory.
Tree-structured scene adaptive coder (1990)

A new type of scene adaptive coder has been developed. It involves a quadtree mean decomposition of the motion-compensated frame-to-frame difference signal followed by a scalar quantization of the local means. As a fundamental property, the new coding algorithm treats the displacement estimation problem and the quadtree construction problem as a unit. The displacement vector and the related quadtree are jointly optimized in order to minimize the direct frame-to-frame update information rate (in bits), which turns up as a new and more adequate cost function in displacement estimation. This guarantees the highest possible data compression ratio at a given quality threshold. Excellent results have been obtained for coding of color image sequences at a rate of 64 kb/s. The quadtree concept entails a much lower computational complexity compared to the conventional motion-compensated transform coder while achieving a subjective image quality that is as good or better than that of the traditional transform-based counterpart.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Fuzzy rule-based signal processing and its application to image restoration (1994)

A novel signal processing technique based on fuzzy rules is proposed for estimating nonstationary signals, such as image signals, contaminated with additive random noises. In this filter, fuzzy rules concerning the relationship between signal characteristics and filter design are utilized to set the filter parameters, taking the local characteristics of the signal into consideration. The fuzzy rules are found to be quite effective, since the rules to set the filter parameters are usually expressed in an ambiguous style. The high performance of this filter is demonstrated in noise reduction of a 1-D test signal and a natural image with various training signals.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A T3 and T7 Recombinant Phage Acquires Efficient Adsorption and a Broader Host Range (2012)

It is usually thought that bacteriophage T7 is female specific, while phage T3 can propagate on male and female Escherichia coli. We found that the growth patterns of phages T7M and T3 do not match the above characteristics, instead showing strain dependent male exclusion. Furthermore, a T3/7 hybrid phage exhibits a broader host range relative to that of T3, T7, as well as T7M, and is able to overcome the male exclusion. The T7M sequence closely resembles that of T3. T3/7 is essentially T3 based, but a DNA fragment containing part of the tail fiber gene 17 is replaced by the T7 sequence. T3 displays inferior adsorption to strains tested herein compared to T7. The T3 and T7 recombinant phage carries altered tail fibers and acquires better adsorption efficiency than T3. How phages T3 and T7 recombine was previously unclear. This study is the first to show that recombination can occur accurately within only 8 base-pair homology, where four-way junction structures are identified. Genomic recombination models based on endonuclease I cleavages at equivalent and nonequivalent sites followed by strand annealing are proposed. Retention of pseudo-palindromes can increase recombination frequency for reviving under stress.
Kinetics of the activation of plasminogen by human tissue plasminogen activator. Role of fibrin. (1982)

The kinetics of the activation of Glu-plasminogen and Lys-plasminogen (P) by a two-chain form of human tissue plasminogen activator (A) were studied in purified systems, and in the presence of fibrinogen (f) and of fibrin films (F) of increasing size and surface density. The activation in the purified systems followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics with a Michaelis constant of 65 microM and a catalytic rate constant of 0.06 s-1 for Glu-plasminogen as compared to 19 microM 0.2 s-1 for Lys-plasminogen. In the presence of fibrinogen plots of 1/v versus 1/[P] or 1/v versus 1/[f] yielded straight lines with an apparent Michaelis constant at infinite [f] of 28 microM and a catalytic rate constant of 0.3 s-1 for Glu-plasminogen as compared to 1.8 microM and 0.3 s-1 for Lys-plasminogen. In the systems with fibrin, plasmin was estimated from the rate of release of 125I from 125I-labeled fibrin films. The initial rate of activation (v) was calculated and Lineweaver-Burk plots of 1/v versus 1/[P] or 1/v versus 1/[F] yielded straight lines. Activation occurred with an intrinsic Michaelis constant of 0.16 microM and a catalytic rate constant of 0.1 s-1 for Glu-plasminogen as compared to 0.02 microM and 0.2 s-1 for Lys-plasminogen. The kinetic analysis suggested that the activation in the presence of fibrin occurs through binding of an activator molecule to the clot surface and subsequent addition of plasminogen (sequential ordered mechanism) to form a cyclic ternary complex. The Low Michaelis constant in the presence of fibrin allows efficient plasminogen activation on a fibrin clot, while its high value in the absence of fibrin prevents efficient activation in plasma.
Adherence to oral tamoxifen: a comparison of patient self-report, pill counts, and microelectronic monitoring. (1993)

Microelectronic adherence monitoring provides both confirmatory and complimentary data regarding adherence behavior, while also allowing for the evaluation of patterns of nonadherence. Patient SRs and PCs likely overestimate the degree to which patients adhere to their tamoxifen regimen.
Inhalation Adjuvant Therapy for Lung Cancer (2010)

If successful, inhalation delivery may be extended to the treatment of other types of lung cancer.
Single-Chip CMOS Pulse Generator for UWB Systems (2006)

This paper presents a single-chip pulse generator developed for Ultra Wide Band (UWB) wireless communication systems based on impulse radio technology. The chip has been integrated in a CMOS 130-nm technology with a single supply voltage of 1.2 V. The basic concept is to combine different delayed edges in order to form a very short duration "logical" pulse, and then filter it, so as to obtain an UWB pulse. It is possible to vary the output pulse shape, and thus the corresponding spectrum, just by acting on the delayed edge combination. Furthermore, the pulse generator supports both position modulation (2-PPM) and polarity modulation (BPSK modulation) in order to convey data through the air. Its power consumption remains less than 10 mW for a raw data rate of up to 160 Mb/s. Spectral and temporal measurements of the single-chip pulse generator are presented with an illustration of the modulation effects on the power spectral density (PSD)
Backaction-driven, robust, steady-state long-distance qubit entanglement over lossy channels (2016)

We present a scheme for generating robust and persistent entanglement between qubits that do not interact and that are separated by a long and lossy transmission channel, using Markovian reservoir engineering. The proposal uses only the correlated decay into the common channel of remotely separated, driven single-photon qubit transitions. This simple scheme is generic and applicable to various experimental implementations, including circuit and cavity QED, with little experimental overhead compared with methods requiring dynamic control, initialization, measurement, or feedback. In addition to avoiding these inefficiencies, the simple protocol is highly robust against noise, miscalibration, and loss in the channel. We find high-quality solutions over a wide range of parameters and show that the optimal strategy reflects a transition from ballistic to diffusive photon transmission, going from symmetrically and coherently driving a common steady state to asymmetrically absorbing photons that are emitted from one qubit by the second. Detailed analysis of the role of the transmission channel shows that allowing bidirectional decay drastically increases indistinguishability and thereby quadratically suppresses infidelity.
Vascular endothelial growth factor triggers signaling cascades mediating multiple myeloma cell growth and migration (2001)

Multiple myeloma (MM) remains incurable, with a median survival of 3 to 4 years. This study shows direct effects of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) upon MM and plasma cell leukemia (PCL) cells. The results indicate that VEGF triggers tumor cell proliferation via a protein kinase C (PKC)-independent Raf-1-MEK-extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase pathway, and migration via a PKC-dependent pathway. These observations provide the framework for novel therapeutic strategies targeting VEGF signaling cascades in MM.
A simple compensator for high order polarization mode dispersion effects (2002)

We present a PMD compensator for the rotation of the principal states with frequency. It requires only two control parameters more than existing first order compensators. The compensation for first order is decoupled from the compensation for high orders and is controlled independently.
A new voltage reference topology based on subthreshold MOSFETs (2002)

In this communication a new low-voltage low-power CMOS voltage reference independent of temperature is presented. It is based on subthreshold MOSFETs and on compensating a PTAT-based variable with the gate-source voltage of a subthreshold MOSFET. The circuit, designed with a standard 1.2-µm CMOS technology, exhibits a stable voltage of about 300 mV with a temperature coefficient of 87 ppm/°C in the range [0°, + 70°] which increases up to 288 ppm/°C in the range [- 40°, + 120°].
PDGF ligand and receptor gene expression during repair of arterial injury. (1990)

Smooth muscle cells (SMC) in rat carotid artery leave the quiescent state and proliferate after balloon catheter injury, but the signals for mitogenesis are not known. In this study, the possibility that cells within damaged arteries produce a growth factor that could act locally to stimulate SMC replication and repair was examined. We found that the genes for PDGF-A and -B (ligand) and PDGF receptor (alpha and beta subunits) were expressed in normal and injured carotid arteries and were independently regulated during repair of carotid injury. Two phases of PDGF ligand and receptor gene expression were observed: (a) In the early stage, a large decrease in PDGF beta-receptor mRNA levels preceded 10- to 12-fold increases in PDGF-A transcript abundance in the first 6 h after wounding. No change in PDGF alpha-receptor or PDGF-B gene expression was found at these times. (b) In the chronic phase, 2 wk after injury, neointimal tissue had lower levels of PDGF alpha-receptor mRNA (threefold) and higher levels of PDGF beta-receptor mRNA (three- to fivefold) than did restored media. Moreover, in situ hybridization studies identified a subpopulation of neointimal SMC localized at or near the luminal surface with a different pattern of gene expression than the underlying carotid SMC. Luminal SMC were strongly positive for PDGF-A and PDGF beta-receptor transcripts, while showing little or no hybridization for PDGF-B or PDGF alpha-receptor. Immunohistochemical studies showed strongly positive staining for PDGF-A in SMC along the luminal surface. These data show that changes in PDGF ligand and receptor expression occur at specific times and locations in injured carotid artery and suggest that these changes may play a role in regulating arterial wound repair.
A Direct Mapping of Max k-SAT and High Order Parity Checks to a Chimera Graph (2016)

We demonstrate a direct mapping of max k-SAT problems (and weighted max k-SAT) to a Chimera graph, which is the non-planar hardware graph of the devices built by D-Wave Systems Inc. We further show that this mapping can be used to map a similar class of maximum satisfiability problems where the clauses are replaced by parity checks over potentially large numbers of bits. The latter is of specific interest for applications in decoding for communication. We discuss an example in which the decoding of a turbo code, which has been demonstrated to perform near the Shannon limit, can be mapped to a Chimera graph. The weighted max k-SAT problem is the most general class of satisfiability problems, so our result effectively demonstrates how any satisfiability problem may be directly mapped to a Chimera graph. Our methods faithfully reproduce the low energy spectrum of the target problems, so therefore may also be used for maximum entropy inference.
Directed evolution of a type I antifreeze protein expressed in <i>Escherichia coli</i> with sodium chloride as selective pressure and its effect on antifreeze tolerance (1996)

Both freezing tolerance and NaCl tolerance are improved when antifreeze proteins are expressed as fusion proteins with two domains of staphylococcal protein A (SPA) in Escherichia coli. To characterize these properties further we created a randomly mutated expression library in E. coli, based on the winter flounder antifreeze protein HPLC-8 component gene. Low-fidelity PCR products of this gene were fused to the spa gene encoding two domains of the SPA. The library was screened for enhanced NaCl tolerance and four clones were selected. The freezing tolerance of each of the selected clones was enhanced to varying extents. DNA sequencing of the isolated mutants revealed that the amphiphilic properties of the native antifreeze protein were essentially conserved. Furthermore, by studying the primary sequence of the randomly mutated clones, in comparison with the degree of freezing tolerance, we have identified clues which help in understanding the relationship between salt and freezing tolerance.
P‐17: High Mobility ITZO BCE Type TFTs for AMOLED Applications (2015)

BCE type oxide semiconductor TFTs with high mobility and high photo reliability has been developed using ITZO as a channel material. The mobility was over 25 cm 2 /Vs and the threshold voltage shifts of BITS were successfully reduced to 0.4V. Furthermore, a 14inch AMOLED plane based on ITZOBCE TFTs was fabricated.
Synthesis of Fish Antifreeze Neoglycopeptides Using Microwave-Assisted “Click Chemistry” (2009)

Microwave-enhanced click glycoconjugation of a propargylated alpha-GalNAc sugar moiety with an azido-functionalized amino acid or multiazido-functionalized peptides using a catalytic quantity of Cu(I) enabled a high-yielding and rapid synthesis of a "Tn-antigen mimic" and click analogues of antifreeze glycopeptides, thus demonstrating a valuable synthetic platform for the synthesis of biologically relevant neoglycopeptides.
Random Sampling for Analog-to-Information Conversion of Wideband Signals (2006)

We develop a framework for analog-to-information conversion that enables sub-Nyquist acquisition and processing of wideband signals that are sparse in a local Fourier representation. The first component of the framework is a random sampling system that can be implemented in practical hardware. The second is an efficient information recovery algorithm to compute the spectrogram of the signal, which we dub the sparsogram. A simulated acquisition of a frequency hopping signal operates at 33times sub-Nyquist average sampling rate with little degradation in signal quality
Gray-Scale Image Coding for Freeze-Frame Videoconferencing (1986)

A new gray-scale image coding technique has been developed, in which an extended DPCM approach has been combined with entropy coding. This technique has been implemented in a freeze-frame videoconferencing system which is now operational at IBM sites throughout the world. Following image preprocessing, the two fields of the interlaced 512 x 480 pixel video frame are compressed sequentially with different algorithms. The reconstructed image quality is improved by subsequent image postprocessing, the final reconstructed image being almost indistinguishable from the original image. Typical gray-scale video images compress to about a half bit per pixel and transmit over 4.8 kbit/s dial-up telephone lines in about a half minute. The gray-scale image processing and compression algorithms are described in this paper.
Lovastatin-Enriched Rice Straw Enhances Biomass Quality and Suppresses Ruminal Methanogenesis (2013)

The primary objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that solid state fermentation (SSF) of agro-biomass (using rice straw as model); besides, breaking down its lignocellulose content to improve its nutritive values also produces lovastatin which could be used to suppress methanogenesis in the rumen ecosystem. Fermented rice straw (FRS) containing lovastatin after fermentation with Aspergillus terreus was used as substrate for growth study of rumen microorganisms using in vitro gas production method. In the first experiment, the extract from the FRS (FRSE) which contained lovastatin was evaluated for its efficacy for reduction in methane (CH4) production, microbial population, and activity in the rumen fluid. FRSE reduced total gas and CH4 productions (P < 0.01). It also reduced (P < 0.01) total methanogens population and increased the cellulolytic bacteria including Ruminococcus albus, Fibrobacter succinogenes (P < 0.01), and Ruminococcus flavefaciens (P < 0.05). Similarly, FRS reduced total gas and CH4 productions, methanogens population, but increased in vitro dry mater digestibility compared to the non-fermented rice straw. Lovastatin in the FRSE and the FRS significantly increased the expression of HMG-CoA reductase gene that produces HMG-CoA reductase, a key enzyme for cell membrane production in methanogenic Archaea.
Mask strategy and layout decomposition for self-aligned quadruple patterning (2013)

Self-aligned quadruple patterning (SAQP) process is a proven technique for deep nano-scale IC manufacturing, while its mask design and layout decomposition strategy is less intuitive. In this paper, we examine both 2- and 3-mask SAQP process characteristics and develop various decomposition methods to achieve higher feature density and 2-D design flexibility. It is demonstrated that by generating assisting mandrels, SAQP layout decomposition can be degenerated into a SADP decomposition problem for which mature algorithms already exist in our EDA industry. Moreover, a spacer-expansion mask concept is introduced and a grouping/coloring algorithm to assign feature colors is developed for 3-mask SAQP layout decomposition. Finally, several 2-D layouts are successfully decomposed, showing the functionality of the decomposition method we proposed.