gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
&lt;title&gt;Computerized detection of mammographic lesions: performance of artificial neural network with enhanced feature extraction&lt;/title&gt; (1995)

Artificial neural networks have been applied to the differentiation of masses from false- positive detections in digital mammograms. A database of 110 pairs of digital mammograms containing a total of 102 masses (54 malignant, 48 benign) was utilized in this study. Three- hundred-two false positive regions were selected from these images to be used in the training of the artificial neural network. Over 90 features were calculated for both the true masses and the false positives. Features that showed the most separation, in a one-dimensional analysis, between true positives and false positives were selected for artificial neural network input. A three level feed-forward neural network was used with one input layer, one hidden layer and an output layer. By varying the structure and learning rate of the neural network an optimal structure was found. The performance of the ANN was evaluated by means of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and free-response receiver operating characteristic (FROC) analysis. Results from a round robin evaluation yielded an Az of 0.97 in the task of differentiating between masses and false-positive detections. In the future, multi-dimensional feature analysis will be performed to obtain the optimal performance using a combination of rule-based decision making along with artificial neural networks.
A novel interleukin-12 p40-related protein induced by latent Epstein-Barr virus infection in B lymphocytes (1996)

We have isolated a cDNA encoding a novel hematopoietin receptor family member related to the p40 subunit of interleukin-12 and to the ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor, whose expression is induced in B lymphocytes by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. This gene, which we have designated EBV-induced gene 3 (EBI3), encodes a 34-kDa glycoprotein which lacks a membrane-anchoring motif and is secreted. Despite the absence of a membrane-anchoring motif and of cysteines likely to mediate covalent linkage to an integral membrane protein, EBI3 is also present on the plasma membrane of EBV-transformed B lymphocytes and of transfected cells. Most newly synthesized EBI3 is retained in the endoplasmic reticulum in an endoglycosidase H-sensitive form associated with the molecular chaperone calnexin and with a novel 60-kDa protein. EBI3 is expressed in vivo by scattered cells in interfollicular zones of tonsil tissue, by cells associated with sinusoids in perifollicular areas of spleen tissue, and at very high levels by placental syncytiotrophoblasts. EBI3 expression in vitro is induced in EBV-negative cell lines by expression of the EBV latent infection membrane protein-1 and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by pokeweed mitogen stimulation. EBI3 maps to chromosome 19p13.2/3, near genes encoding the erythropoietin receptor and the cytokine receptor-associated kinase, Tyk2. EBI3 synthesis by trophoblasts and by EBV-transformed cells and similarities to interleukin-12 p40 are compatible with a role for EBI3 in regulating cell-mediated immune responses.
Detailed mechanistic investigation into the S-nitrosation of cysteamine (2012)

The nitrosation of cysteamine (H<sub>2</sub>NCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>SH) to produce cysteamine-<i>S</i>-nitrosothiol (CANO) was studied in slightly acidic medium by using nitrous acid prepared in situ. The stoichiometry of the reaction was H<sub>2</sub>NCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>SH + HNO<sub>2</sub> → H<sub>2</sub>NCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>SNO + H<sub>2</sub>O. On prolonged standing, the nitrosothiol decomposed quantitatively to yield the disulfide, cystamine: 2H<sub>2</sub>NCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>SNO → H<sub>2</sub>NCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>S-SCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>NH<sub>2</sub> + 2NO. NO<sub>2</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> are not the primary nitrosating agents, since their precursor (NO) was not detected during the nitrosation process. The reaction is first order in nitrous acid, thus implicating it as the major nitrosating agent in mildly acidic pH conditions. Acid catalyzes nitrosation after nitrous acid has saturated, implicating the protonated nitrous acid species, the nitrosonium cation (NO<sup>+</sup>) as a contributing nitrosating species in highly acidic environments. The acid catalysis at constant nitrous acid concentrations suggests that the nitrosonium cation nitrosates at a much higher rate than nitrous acid. Bimolecular rate constants for the nitrosation of cysteamine by nitrous acid and by the nitrosonium cation were deduced to be 17.9 ± 1.5 (mol/L)<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> and 6.7 × 10<sup>4</sup> (mol/L)<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. Both Cu(I) and Cu(II) ions were effective catalysts for the formation and decomposition of the cysteamine nitrosothiol. Cu(II) ions could catalyze the nitrosation of cysteamine in neutral conditions, whereas Cu(I) could only catalyze in acidic conditions. Transnitrosation kinetics of CANO with glutathione showed the formation of cystamine and the mixed disulfide with no formation of oxidized glutathione (GSSG). The nitrosation reaction was satisfactorily simulated by a simple reaction scheme involving eight reactions.
Temperature-insensitive miniaturized fiber inline Fabry-Perot interferometer for highly sensitive refractive index measurement (2008)

We report a miniaturized fiber inline Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI), with an open micro-notch cavity fabricated by one-step fs laser micromachining, for highly sensitive refractive index measurement. The device was tested for measurement of the refractive indices of various liquids including isopropanol, acetone and methanol at room temperature, as well as the temperature-dependent refractive index of deionized water from 3 to 90 degrees C. The sensitivity for measurement of refractive index change of water was 1163 nm/RIU at the wavelength of 1550 nm. The temperature cross-sensitivity of the device was about 1.1x10(-6) RIU/degrees C. The small size, all-fiber structure, small temperature dependence, linear response and high sensitivity, make the device attractive for chemical and biological sensing.
Disclosing information and treating patients as customers. A review of selected issues. (1991)

Although many insist that full disclosure of health care information is essential, it may be insufficient to help patients make health care decisions. As the patient's agent, the physician should translate medical information for the patient. Providing information on the quality of care may also be a problem. In view of the lack of consensus among experts about measures of quality, widespread disclosure of quality data should occur only when the data are better validated. In the HMO setting, patients may also face complex choices about insurance coverage that are beyond their comprehension. The HMO is challenged to determine the degree to which individuals must be treated as patients rather than as consumers.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF 1‐ETHOXY‐1‐BUTEN‐3‐ONE WITH AMINES (1984)

Abstract Bei der Reaktion der Titelverbindung (I) mit den prim. Aminen (IIa) nach Methode A) bzw. mit den sek. Aminen (IIb) und (IIc) nach Methode B) bilden sich unter Austausch der Ethoxygruppe durch die Aminogruppe und unter Eliminierung von EtOH die 1‐Aminobuten‐3‐one (III).
Operational Risk: Measurement and Modelling (2001)

Preface. Acknowledgements. INTRODUCTION TO OPERATIONAL RISK. Introduction to Operational Risk. Historical Losses Regulation MEASURING OPERATIONAL RISK A Measurement Framework for Operational Risk The Delta Methodology The EVT Methodology MODELLING OPERATIONAL RISK Delta-EVTTM Models for Operational Risk Causal Modelling Causal Models for Operational Risk MATHEMATICAL FOUNDATIONS Error Propagation Extreme Value Theory Bayesian Methods APPENDICES Glossary Bibliography Index.
Characterizations of the extracellular matrix and proteinase inhibitor content of human myoepithelial tumors. (1996)

Myoepithelial tumors are intriguing low-grade neoplasms that exhibit the property of accumulating an abundant extracellular matrix. Because accumulation of an extracellular matrix represents an important exception to the rule of matrix degradation otherwise exhibited by the vast majority of human epithelial neoplasms, this study investigated the composition of this matrix to gain insight into the biological behavior of this class of neoplasms. Several different human myoepithelial tumors and their derived cell lines and xenografts were thus examined by ultrastructural, immunohistochemical, molecular, and biochemical methods. Results indicated that although the extracellular matrix of these tumors contains some basement membrane components such as laminin, nidogen, and heparan sulfate proteoglycan (8%), it is also largely cartilagenous in nature, containing large amounts of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (78%). In addition to extracellular matrix structural proteins, myoepithelial cells secreted relatively large amounts of proteinase inhibitors including maspin, protease nexin II, alpha1-antitrypsin, a 31-kd serine proteinase inhibitor, and TIMP-1. Immunolocalization and extraction studies further demonstrated that protease nexin II and alpha1-antitrypsin especially accumulated within the myoepithelial extracellular matrix. In addition, protease nexin II likely underwent extracellular in vivo processing to a 95-kd product retaining full proteinase inhibitor activity. These specific biochemical observations unite the classes of myoepithelial tumors, confer an anti-invasive property to their extracellular matrix, and likely contribute to their low-grade biological behavior.
Highly conductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) films treated with an amphiphilic fluoro compound as the transparent electrode of polymer solar cells (2011)

Flexible transparent electrode materials are strongly needed for optoelectronic devices. We report a novel method to significantly enhance the conductivity of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) films through treatment with a fluoro compound, hexafluoroacetone (HFA). HFA hydrolyzes with water into a geminal diol, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane-2,2-diol (HFP2OH) that has two –OH groups connected to the middle carbon atom. The conductivity increased from 0.3 to 1164 and 1325 S cm−1 after the treatment with HFA once and four times, respectively. The highly conductive HFA-treated PEDOT:PSS films can have a sheet resistances of 46 Ω □−1 and a transparency of around 83% at 550 nm. These values are comparable to those of indium tin oxide (ITO) on polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The conductivity enhancement is attributed to the HFP2OH-induced phase segregation of some hydrophilic PSSH chains from PEDOT:PSS and the conformational change of the conductive PEDOT chains, driven by the interactions between amphiphilic HFP2OH and PEDOT:PSS. The hydrophobic –CF3groups of HFP2OH preferentially interact with the hydrophobic PEDOT chains of PEDOT:PSS, while the hydrophilic –OH groups preferentially interact with hydrophilic PSS chains. The highly conductive PEDOT:PSS films were used to replace ITO as the transparent anode of polymer solar cells. Polymer solar cells based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) exhibited a photovoltaic efficiency of 3.57% under simulated AM1.5G illumination, comparable to the control devices with ITO as the anode.
Reciprocal Rb inactivation and p16INK4 expression in primary lung cancers and cell lines. (1995)

cdk4-mediated phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma susceptibility protein (Rb) is stimulated by cyclin D1, an oncogene, and inhibited by p16, a candidate tumor suppressor. We examined these proteins in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which is predominantly Rb positive, and small cell lung cancer (SCLC), which is Rb negative. Most NSCLC and SCLC resection specimens and cell lines overexpress cyclin D1 (indicating that cyclin D1 overexpression and Rb inactivation can coexist in SCLC). However, 9 of 9 Rb-positive NSCLC cell lines have absent or low p16, while an Rb-negative NSCLC line and 5 of 5 SCLC cell lines have high levels of p16. In primary resection specimens, p16 was undetectable in 18 of 27 NSCLC samples and abundant in 4 of 5 SCLC samples. Our data confirm the predicted reciprocity between Rb inactivation and p16 expression in a common human malignancy and define differential p16 expression as a fundamental distinction between NSCLC and SCLC.
5-Aminolevulinic acid regulates the inflammatory response and alloimmune reaction (2015)

5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is a naturally occurring amino acid and precursor of heme and protoporphyrin IX (PpIX). Exogenously administrated 5-ALA increases the accumulation of PpIX in tumor cells specifically due to the compromised metabolism of 5-ALA to heme in mitochondria. PpIX emits red fluorescence by the irradiation of blue light and the formation of reactive oxygen species and singlet oxygen. Thus, performing a photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) using 5-ALA have given rise to a new strategy for tumor diagnosis and therapy. In addition to the field of tumor therapy, 5-ALA has been implicated in the treatment of inflammatory disease, autoimmune disease and transplantation due to the anti-inflammation and immunoregulation properties that are elicited with the expression of heme oxygenase (HO)-1, an inducible enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the oxidative degradation of heme to free iron, biliverdin and carbon monoxide (CO), in combination with sodium ferrous citrate (SFC), because an inhibitor of HO-1 abolishes the effects of 5-ALA. Furthermore, NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and heme are involved in the HO-1 expression. Biliverdin and CO are also known to have anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory functions. We herein review the current use of 5-ALA in inflammatory diseases, transplantation medicine, and tumor therapy.
Clinical Safety of Bariatric Arterial Embolization: Preliminary Results of the BEAT Obesity Trial (2017)

Purpose To conduct a pilot prospective clinical trial to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and short-term efficacy of bariatric embolization, a recently developed endovascular procedure for the treatment of obesity, in patients with severe obesity. Materials and Methods This is an institutional review board- and U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved prospective physician-initiated investigational device exemption study. This phase of the study ran from June 2, 2014, to August 4, 2015. Five severely obese patients (four women, one man) who were 31-49 years of age and who had a mean body mass index of 43.8 kg/m<sup>2</sup> ± 2.9 with no clinically important comorbidities were enrolled in this study. Transarterial embolization of the gastric fundus with fluoroscopic guidance was performed with 300-500-μm Embosphere microspheres. The primary end point was 30-day adverse events (AEs). The secondary end points included short-term weight loss, serum obesity-related hormone levels, hunger and satiety assessments, and quality of life (QOL) surveys, reported up to 3 months. Simple statistics of central tendencies and variability were calculated. No hypothesis testing was performed. Results The left gastric artery, with or without the gastroepiploic artery, was embolized in five patients, with a technical success rate of 100%. There were no major AEs. There were two minor AEs-subclinical pancreatitis and a mucosal ulcer that had healed by the time of 3-month endoscopy. A hospital stay of less than 48 hours for routine supportive care was provided for three patients. Mean excess weight loss of 5.9% ± 2.4 and 9.0% ± 4.1 was noted at 1 month and at 3 months, respectively. Mean change in serum ghrelin was 8.7% ± 34.7 and -17.5% ± 29 at 1 month and 3 months, respectively. Mean changes in serum glucagon-like peptide 1 and peptide YY were 106.6% ± 208.5 and 17.8% ± 54.8 at 1 month. There was a trend toward improvement in QOL parameters. Hunger/appetite scores decreased in the first 2 weeks after the procedure and then rose without reaching preprocedure levels. Conclusion Bariatric embolization is feasible and appears to be well tolerated in severely obese patients. In this small patient cohort, it appears to induce appetite suppression and may induce weight loss. Further expansion of this study will provide more insight into the long-term safety and efficacy of bariatric embolization. <sup>©</sup> RSNA, 2017 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
Edge-to-edge mitral repair: gradients and three-dimensional annular dynamics in vivo during inotropic stimulation (2001)

Dobutamine increased CO by 89% and decreased ED annular area by 19% after edge-to-edge repair, yet only a small increase in valve gradient occurred. Marker analysis showed enhanced dynamic motion of the mitral annulus. Thus, the edge-to-edge mitral valve repair was not associated with substantial transvalvular obstruction during high flow conditions and did not perturb normal MA 3-D dynamics in normal ovine hearts.
Robust and Efficient Surface Reconstruction From Range Data (2009)

Abstract We describe a robust but simple algorithm to reconstruct a surface from a set of merged range scans. Our key contribution is the formulation of the surface reconstruction problem as an energy minimisation problem that explicitly models the scanning process. The adaptivity of the Delaunay triangulation is exploited by restricting the energy to inside/outside labelings of Delaunay tetrahedra. Our energy measures both the output surface quality and how well the surface agrees with soft visibility constraints. Such energy is shown to perfectly fit into the minimum s − t cuts optimisation framework, allowing fast computation of a globally optimal tetrahedra labeling, while avoiding the “shrinking bias” that usually plagues graph cuts methods. The behaviour of our method confronted to noise, undersampling and outliers is evaluated on several data sets and compared with other methods through different experiments: its strong robustness would make our method practical not only for reconstruction from range data but also from typically more difficult dense point clouds, resulting for instance from stereo image matching. Our effective modeling of the surface acquisition inverse problem, along with the unique combination of Delaunay triangulation and minimum s − t cuts, makes the computational requirements of the algorithm scale well with respect to the size of the input point cloud.
Substrate specificity for the human rotamase FKBP: a view of FK506 and rapamycin as leucine-(twisted amide)-proline mimics (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSubstrate specificity for the human rotamase FKBP: a view of FK506 and rapamycin as leucine-(twisted amide)-proline mimicsMark W. Albers, Christopher T. Walsh, and Stuart L. SchreiberCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 17, 4984–4986Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1990https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00304a003Request reuse permissionsArticle Views429Altmetric-Citations105LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Improved social and language skills after secretin administration in patients with autistic spectrum disorders. (1998)

We report three children with autistic spectrum disorders who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and intravenous administration of secretin to stimulate pancreaticobiliary secretion. All three had an increased pancreaticobiliary secretory response when compared with nonautistic patients (7.5 to 10 mL/min versus 1 to 2 mL/min). Within 5 weeks of the secretin infusion, a significant amelioration of the children's gastrointestinal symptoms was observed, as was a dramatic improvement in their behavior, manifested by improved eye contact, alertness, and expansion of expressive language. These clinical observations suggest an association between gastrointestinal and brain function in patients with autistic behavior.
Angiotensin-II type 1 receptor interaction is a major regulator for liver fibrosis development in rats (2001)

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is frequently activated in patients with chronic liver diseases. Angiotensin-II (AT-II) has been suggested to play an important role in liver fibrogenesis. It induces hepatic stellate cell (HSC) proliferation and up-regulates the transforming growth factor beta(1) (TGF-beta(1)) expression via AT-II type 1 receptor (AT(1)-R) in vitro. The aim of the present study was to examine the in vivo effect of candesartan (CA), a clinically used AT(1)-R blocker (ARB), and perindopril (PE), an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor (ACE-I), on pig serum-induced liver fibrosis development in rats. The clinically available comparable doses of CA and PE significantly attenuated the fibrosis development. These inhibitory effects of PE and CA were also found in the on-going liver fibrosis model. The hepatic hydroxyproline and serum fibrosis markers were significantly suppressed by CA and PE treatment. Furthermore, the alpha smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) positive cells in number were markedly suppressed by CA and PE treatment. Similarly, the hepatic TGF-beta(1) protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were significantly suppressed. Our in vitro study showed that AT-II increased the TGF-beta(1) mRNA expression in the activated HSCs, and this effect was totally blocked by CA. These results suggested that the RAS, especially AT-II and AT(1)-R interaction plays a pivotal role in liver fibrosis development through HSC activation. Because both CA and PE are widely used in clinical practice without serious side effects, these drugs may provide an effective new strategy for anti-liver fibrosis therapy.
Deficient Hippocampal Long-Term Potentiation in α-Calcium-Calmodulin Kinase II Mutant Mice (1992)

As a first step in a program to use genetically altered mice in the study of memory mechanisms, mutant mice were produced that do not express the alpha-calcium-calmodulin-dependent kinase II (alpha-CaMKII). The alpha-CaMKII is highly enriched in postsynaptic densities of hippocampus and neocortex and may be involved in the regulation of long-term potentiation (LTP). Such mutant mice exhibited mostly normal behaviors and presented no obvious neuroanatomical defects. Whole cell recordings reveal that postsynaptic mechanisms, including N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor function, are intact. Despite normal postsynaptic mechanisms, these mice are deficient in their ability to produce LTP and are therefore a suitable model for studying the relation between LTP and learning processes.