gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Absorption and Bioavailability of Oral Transmucosal Fentanyl Citrate (1991)

Oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate (OTFC) is a novel, noninvasive dosage form of fentanyl used to provide children and adults with sedation, anxiolysis, and analgesia. In order to determine the bioavailability and absorption of fentanyl from OTFC, 12 volunteers were given intravenous fentanyl citrate or OTFC 15 micrograms/kg on each of two occasions. On a third occasion, the authors assessed oral administration (gastrointestinal absorption) by giving eight of the same volunteers the same dose of a solution of fentanyl citrate to swallow. In each study, arterial blood samples were taken over 24 h for analysis of plasma fentanyl. After intravenous (iv) administration of fentanyl, clearance (mean +/- standard deviation) was 0.67 +/- 0.15 l/min; volume of distribution at steady state was 287 +/- 79 l; and the terminal elimination half-life was 425 +/- 102 min. Peak plasma concentrations of fentanyl were higher (3.0 +/- 1.0 vs. 1.6 +/- 0.6 ng/ml, P = 0.01) and occurred sooner (22 +/- 2.5 vs. 101 +/- 48.8 min, P = 0.003) after OTFC than after oral solution administration. Plasma concentrations of fentanyl after OTFC decreased rapidly, to less than 1.0 ng/ml within 75-135 min after the beginning of administration. Peak absorption rate was greater (11.1 +/- 4.3 vs. 3.6 +/- 2.1 micrograms/min, P = 0.004) and occurred much sooner after OTFC than after oral solution administration (19 +/- 2.6 vs. 87.5 +/- 38.1 min, P = 0.001). Systemic bioavailability was greater after OTFC administration than after the oral solution (0.52 +/- 0.1 vs. 0.32 +/- 0.1, P = 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Chiral Separations by Liquid Chromatography (1991)

Optically active compounds have attracted great attention because living systems are chiral. Proteins, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides possess chiral characteristic structures that are related closely to their functions. Because of chirality, living organisms usually show different biological responses to one of a pair of enantiomers (optical isomers) in drugs, pesticides, or waste compounds. For example, sodium L-(+)glutamate tastes good, whereas its mirror image D-(-)glutamate tastes bitter or flat, depending on the taster (1).
Ultra-low-leakage power-rail ESD clamp circuit in nanoscale low-voltage CMOS process (2009)

A new power-rail ESD clamp circuit with ultra-low-leakage design is presented and verified in a 65-nm CMOS process with a leakage current of only 116 nA at 25degC, which is much smaller than that (613 muA) of traditional design. Moreover, it can achieve ESD robustness of over 8 kV in HBM and 800 V in MM ESD tests, respectively.
Erasable magneto-optical recording media (1984)

Magneto-optical storage techniques in amorphous metal films have the advantages of high bit density and contactless write, read and erasure operations. Digital information is stored as a sequence of small magnetic domains; writing and erasure is performed by local temperature rise (AlGaAs laser heating) in combination with a low external magnetic field. In principle, the number of switching cycles is unlimited. Non destructive readout is achieved via magneto-optical effects. Material and system aspects for erasable compact-disk audio application will be reviewed. Disks are vapour-deposited on pregrooved substrates. Binary and ternary alloys of Gd, Tb combined wlth Fe,Co are highly suitable, storage media. For practical use bi- and multilayer structures were used in order to improve the read-out efficiency and lifetime of the disk. Aging effects were studied by measurements of magneto-optical and magnetic properties and SIMS analysis during the lifetime of the disk. Current results of about 45 dB CNR (30 kHz bandwidth) and a lifetime for the disk of more than 5 years opens the discussion of applications in low- and high-density storage in professional and consumer fields.
Automation of an underground mining vehicle using reactive navigation and opportunistic localization (2004)

This paper describes the implementation of an autonomous navigation system onto a 30 tonne Load-Haul-Dump truck. The control architecture is based on a robust reactive wall-following behaviour. To make it purposeful we provide driving hints derived from an approximate nodal-map. For most of the time, the vehicle is driven with weak localization (odometry). This need only be improved at intersections where decisions must be made-a technique we refer to as opportunistic localization. The truck has achieved full-speed autonomous operation at an artificial test mine, and subsequently, at a operational underground mine.
Incorporation of Experimentally-Derived Fiber Orientation into a Structural Constitutive Model for Planar Collagenous Tissues (2003)

Structural constitutive models integrate information on tissue composition and structure, avoiding ambiguities in material characterization. However, critical structural information (such as fiber orientation) must be modeled using assumed statistical distributions, with the distribution parameters estimated from fits to the mechanical test data. Thus, full realization of structural approaches continues to be limited without direct quantitative structural information for direct implementation or to validate model predictions. In the present study, fiber orientation information obtained using small angle light scattering (SALS) was directly incorporated into a structural constitutive model based on work by Lanir (J. Biomech., v. 16, pp. 1-12, 1983). Demonstration of the model was performed using existing biaxial mechanical and fiber orientation data for native bovine pericardium (Sacks and Chuong, ABME, v.26, pp. 892-902, 1998). The structural constitutive model accurately predicted the complete measured biaxial mechanical response. An important aspect of this approach is that only a single equibiaxial test to determine the effective fiber stress-strain response and the SALS-derived fiber orientation distribution were required to determine the complete planar biaxial mechanical response. Changes in collagen fiber crimp under equibiaxial strain suggest that, at the meso-scale, fiber deformations follow the global tissue strains. This result supports the assumption of affine strain to estimate the fiber strains. However, future evaluations will have to be performed for tissue subjected to a wider range of strain to more fully validate the current approach.
Isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase of Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum Marburg. Cloning of the gene, nucleotide sequence, and localization of a base change conferring resistance to pseudomonic acid (1991)

The ileS gene encoding the isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase of the thermophilic archaebacterium Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum Marburg was isolated and sequenced. ileS was closely flanked by an unknown open reading frame and by purL and thus is arranged differently from the organizations observed in several eubacteria or in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The deduced amino acid sequence of isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase was compared with primary sequences of isoleucyl-, valyl-, leucyl-, and methionyl-tRNA synthetases from eubacteria and yeast. The archaebacterial enzyme fitted well into this group of enzymes. It contained the two short consensus sequences observed in class I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases as well as regions of homology with enzymes of the isoleucine family. Comparison between the isoleucyl-tRNA synthetases of M. thermoautotrophicum yielded 36% amino acid identity with the yeast enzyme and 32% identity with the corresponding enzyme from Escherichia coli. The ileS gene of the pseudomonic acid-resistant M. thermoautotrophicum mutant MBT10 was also sequenced. The mutant enzyme had undergone a glycine to aspartic acid transition at position 590, in a conserved region comprising the KMSKS consensus sequence. The inhibition constants of pseudomonic acid, KiIle and KiATP, for the mutant enzyme were 10-fold higher than those determined for the wild-type enzyme. Both the mutant and the wild-type ileS gene were expressed in E. coli, and their products displayed the expected difference in sensitivity toward pseudomonic acid.
The Sol Genomics Network (SGN)—from genotype to phenotype to breeding (2014)

The Sol Genomics Network (SGN, http://solgenomics.net) is a web portal with genomic and phenotypic data, and analysis tools for the Solanaceae family and close relatives. SGN hosts whole genome data for an increasing number of Solanaceae family members including tomato, potato, pepper, eggplant, tobacco and Nicotiana benthamiana. The database also stores loci and phenotype data, which researchers can upload and edit with user-friendly web interfaces. Tools such as BLAST, GBrowse and JBrowse for browsing genomes, expression and map data viewers, a locus community annotation system and a QTL analysis tools are available. A new tool was recently implemented to improve Virus-Induced Gene Silencing (VIGS) constructs called the SGN VIGS tool. With the growing genomic and phenotypic data in the database, SGN is now advancing to develop new web-based breeding tools and implement the code and database structure for other species or clade-specific databases.
Neuropeptides in cardiovascular control. (1984)

Neuropeptides can affect cardiovascular function in various ways. They can serve as cotransmitters in the autonomic nervous system; for example, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is released with acetylcholine and neuropeptide Y with norepinephrine from postganglionic neurons. Substance P and, presumably, other peptides can can affect cardiovascular function when released near blood vessels by antidromically conducted impulses in branches of stimulated sensory neurons. In the central nervous system, many different neuropeptides appear to function as transmitters or contransmittes in the neural pathways that regulate the cardiovascular system. In addition neuropeptides such as vasopressin and angiotensin II also circulate as hormones that are involved in cardiovascular control. Large doses of exogenous vasopressin are required to increase blood pressure in normal animals because the increase in total peripheral resistance produced by the hormones is accompanied by a decrease in cardiac output. However, studies with synthetic peptides that selectively antagonize the vasopressor action of vasopressin indicate that circulating vasopressin is important in maintaining blood pressure when animals are hypovolemic due to dehydration, haemorrhage or adrenocortical insufficiency. VIP dilates blood vessels and stimulates renin secretion by a direct action on the juxtaglomerular cells. Renin secretion is stimulated when the concentration of VIP in plasma exceeds 75 pmol/litre, and higher values are seen in a number of conditions. Neostigmine, a drug which increases the secretion of endogenous VIP, also increases renin secretion, and this increase is not blocked by renal denervation or propranolol. Thus, VIP may be a physiologically significant renin stimulating hormone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Ultra-thin-base Si bipolar transistor using rapid vapor-phase direct doping (RVD) (1992)

A novel doping method called rapid vapor-phase direct doping (RVD) is developed to form ultra-shallow junctions. The base region of a conventional bipolar transistor is formed by this method, and in ultra-narrow 25-nm base is obtained. The Gummel plot of this device shows almost ideal characteristics. This result suggests that this method does not induce any defects which cause a leakage current. RVD is a thermal diffusion method using hydrogen as a carrier gas and B/sub 2/H/sub 6/ as a source gas. In this method, the impurity atoms directly diffuse from the vapor phase into silicon by a rapid thermal process without a boron-glass layer or metallic boron layer. By varying the source gas flow rate, doping time, and temperature, ultra-shallow junctions below 40 nm with controlled surface concentrations are successfully formed. An ultra-shallow 20-nm junction with surface boron concentration of 4*10/sup 18/ cm/sup -3/ is obtained at 800 degrees C for 5 min with B/sub 2/H/sub 6/ flow rate of 30 ml/min.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Advances in broadband passive optical networking technologies (2001)

Several new technological advancements have extended the capabilities of the basic broadband passive optical network (B-PON) described in the ITU-T standard G.983.1. This article describes three of these new technologies: wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), dynamic bandwidth assignment, and survivable networking. These additions to the B-PON family of solutions increase its utility by increasing its raw capacity, its efficiency, and its reliability, respectively. A description is also given of the next wave of innovations that will further extend the B-PON.
대칭 및 일축대칭 이형벽체 단면의 2축휨-압축 상호작용 (2016)

본 논문에서는 2축 휨을 받는 대칭 및 1축대칭 벽체단면에 대한 휨-압축 극한강도를 연구하였다. T형, C형, H형 벽체단면의 단면해석 프로그램을 개발하고, 변수연구를 통하여 3차원 P-Mx-My 상호작용 곡면과 등압축력에 대한 Mx-My 컨투어의 특성을 분석하였다. 이를 통하여 단면형상과 압축력에 따른 정규화된 Mx-My 컨투어 설계식을 제안하였다. 검증을 위하여, 제안된 컨투어 설계식은 단면해석결과 및 실험결과와 비교하였다.
Acoustic thermometry in gases using pulse techniques (1983)

This paper presents a guide to acoustic thermometry in gases using pulse techniques. The dependence of the measured acoustic velocity on gas properties, temperature, pressure and flow is described. These relationships are used to assess the characteristics of the thermometer, and the basic arrangement of the thermometer is described. The performance of the thermometer is dependent on the transmission characteristics of the gas; these are described together with the effect they have on pulse timing. The Stirling engine application is used to illustrate the above and other possible applications are briefly discussed.
Wireless Network Synchronization Algorithm based on IEEE 802.11 WLANs (Wireless Local Area Networks) for Multimedia Services (2008)

When a single source of multimedia contents is distributed to multiple reproduction devices, the audio and video contents require synchronous play for multi-channel stereo sound and lip-synchronization. The multimedia system in vehicle, especially, has researched to move to wireless environments from legacy wired environments. This paper proposes the advanced algorithm for providing synchronized services of real-time multimedia traffic in IEEE 802.11 WLANs [1]. For these, we implement the advanced IEEE 1588 Precision Time Protocol [2] and the environments for simulation. Also, we estimate and analysis performance of the algorithm, then we experiment and analysis after the porting of algorithm in wireless
Thin-film transistors with transparent amorphous zinc indium tin oxide channel layer (2007)

Thin-film transistors (TFTs) with transparent amorphous zinc indium tin oxide (ZITO) channel layer are demonstrated. Optical transmission of the channel layer is approximately 85% in the visible portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. The channel layer is formed via rf magnetron sputter deposition and then furnace annealed in air. Peak incremental mobilities of 5–19 cm2 V−1 s−1 and turn-on voltages of −4 to −17 V are obtained for devices annealed post-deposition at 100–300 °C, respectively. Current–voltage measurements indicate n-channel, depletion-mode transistor operation with excellent drain current saturation and a drain current on-to-off ratio greater than 106. ZITO is one example of an emerging class of high performance TFT channel materials involving transparent amorphous multicomponent oxides composed of heavy-metal cations with (n − 1)d10ns0 (n ⩾ 4) electronic configuration.
Polyclonal antibodies from rabbits and chickens against the estrogen receptor and related peptides. Use in the affinity isolation of estrogen receptors and the retrieval of chromatin fragments associating with estrogen receptors. (1992)

Polyclonal antibodies from chickens and rabbits have been prepared against polypeptides representing two regions of the human estrogen receptor (hER). The estrogen receptor (ER) peptides used as antigens were overproduced in Escherichia coli. When indicated, the antibodies were affinity purified using resins to which the antigens contained in bacterial inclusion bodies had been coupled in high yield to epoxy-activated agarose. The antibodies recognize denatured human, bovine, rat, and rabbit ER in immunoblotting experiments. Immuno-precipitation of native ER protein was readily accomplished using rabbit antisera and immobilized protein A. The chicken antibodies, available in larger quantities, were also useful for immunoisolation after coupling to agarose. With the use of these reagents, the selective retrieval of chromatin fragments from MCF-7 cells that interact with ER has been achieved.
Acoustics of fluid-filled boreholes with pipe: Guided propagation and radiation (1999)

The study of the guided propagation and radiation from radially layered boreholes has applications in monitoring exploratory drilling. Axisymmetric propagation through pipes immersed inside fluid-filled bores in infinite elastic spaces was modeled using full 3-D elastodynamic equations. Three propagating modes are present for frequencies below 1 kHz. These are the lowest order modes and are characterized through their dispersion, attenuation, modeshapes, and particle motions. Mode I is confined mainly to the cross section of the pipe, while modes II and III are present in the fluid layers. Modes I and II are weakly dispersive, while mode III is strongly dispersive. Mode III is the equivalent of the Stoneley mode present in fluid-filled bores without pipe and is most influenced by the properties of the surrounding elastic space. Mode III has a cutoff frequency, below which it radiates, when the shear speed of the surrounding elastic space is sufficiently low.
Competence‐based Profiles for ITT and Induction: the place of reflection (1994)

ABSTRACT This article reviews competence‐based approaches to initial teacher training and induction. The profiles being jointly developed by Surrey and Roehampton, and by Lewisham and Goldsmiths Colleges, are examined, focusing particularly on how they attempt to deal with reflection as a crucial aspect of teachers’ professionalism. Case study material is used to illustrate the complexity of the issues involved.
Auditory perception of rolling balls (1999)

Two experiments investigating the perception of recorded sounds of rolling wooden balls are reported. In the first experiment, whether subjects can identify differences in the size of rolling wooden balls, is studied. In the second experiment, the velocity of rolling balls is varied. Real recordings of wooden balls rolling over a wooden plate were presented pairwise, with a 700-ms pause in between. The stimuli had a duration of 800 ms and were presented at equal SPL. Subjects had to decide which of the two sound examples was created by the larger (first experiment) or faster ball (second experiment) (2I2AFC procedure). The results of the first experiment show that subjects are able to identify differences in the size of rolling balls, except for the stimulus pair with the smallest relative difference in diameter of 14%. The second experiment reveals that most subjects can clearly discriminate between rolling balls with different velocities, if the relative difference exceeds about 30%. However, some subjects had difficulties in labeling the sounds correctly, resulting in percentage correct responses close to 0%. It is to be expected that labeling errors will disappear when subjects receive feedback about the correctness of their responses.
MET as a Target in Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma (2014)

The biology underlying papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) is largely unknown, and no specific therapies have been developed for advanced disease. The elucidation of the MET pathway status in types I and II pRCC may help to select patients who are more likely to benefit from MET inhibitors.
Genome organization of the Kresse strain of porcine parvovirus: identification of the allotropic determinant and comparison with those of NADL-2 and field isolates (1996)

The Kresse strain of porcine parvovirus (PPV) was cloned into pUC19, and independent infectious clones were sequenced. The PPV Kresse and NADL-2 strains, which have different pathogenicities, shared an identical genomic organization and a high degree of sequence identity. Partial genomes (1.5 or 1.6 kb) of 15 field isolates were also amplified by PCR in regions with significant sequence differences between the laboratory strains. Five amino acid differences were consistently present within the VP1/VP2 coding region of the Kresse strain and virulent field isolates. A number of inconsistent point mutations were also found throughout the genomes of field isolates. In addition, among those with the vaccine amino acid profile, all but one isolate (IAF-3) contained a 127-bp noncoding direct repeat downstream of the capsid protein gene. The one exception was also the only vaccine-type PPV obtained from a mummified fetus. In order to identify genetic elements responsible for the distinct tropism (and possibly the pathology) of the Kresse strain, in vitro cell systems which differentiated the virulent from the vaccinal strains were established. Subsequently, chimeric infectious clones of the Kresse and NADL-2 strains were used to identify the allotropic determinant located in the VP1/VP2 region. The transfer of the BglII fragment of the Kresse genome, containing three amino acid differences, into the NADL-2 background, or the opposite construct, caused the phenotype of the target genome to revert to that of the parent strain of the BglII fragment. Prediction of the localization of amino acid differences on the basis of canine parvovirus capsid structure indicates that each is located on or near the outer surface of the virion. In particular, the position of one mutation (S-436-->P) maps by analogy to the threefold spike, the most accessible region of the capsid.
Role of Fibronectin in Wound Healing. (1986)

Abstract : The purpose of the project was to determine if local or systemic manipulation of circulating fibronection (Fn, a normal plasma and extracellular matrix glycoprotein) levels affects the rate of wound healing. Initial experiments were designed to determine if Fn is involved in opsonization of effete cells and tissue debris for removal by tissue macrophages. Within two hours after wounding and injection of fluorescene-labeled Fn, tissue debris at the wound site was coated with Fn, and dammaged cells were also coated by 24 hrs. By 48 hrs, macrophages at the site of injury had phagocytized Fn coated tissue debris and/or cells. Thus, effete materials at the wound site are quickly labeled by plasma Fn for removal by tissue macrophages. Subsequent experiments were done to determine if Fn enhanced the healing rate of dermal injuries. Rat Fn was suspended in various inert carriers and used to treat full thickness skin lesions on rats. Fn in several carriers was effective in stimulating significantly faster wound healing than was seen with the carrier mixed with PBS. Further experiments showed that treatment once a day for two days was as effective in enhancing wound healing as more prolonged treatment. A single treatment with Fn on the day of the injury enhanced wound healing but not as much as treatment for two days. One could also delay starting treatment for a few hours after injury and still significantly improve the healing rate.