gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Current concepts in antisense drug design (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCurrent concepts in antisense drug designJohn F. Milligan, Mark D. Matteucci, and John C. MartinCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1993, 36, 14, 1923–1937Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00066a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00066a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views736Altmetric-Citations463LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Human adenosine deaminase 2 induces differentiation of monocytes into macrophages and stimulates proliferation of T helper cells and macrophages (2010)

ADAs play a pivotal role in regulating the level of adenosine, a signaling molecule controlling a variety of cellular responses by binding to and activating four ADRs. Two enzymes, ADA1 and ADA2, are known to possess ADA activity in humans. Although the structure of ADA1 and its role in lymphocytic activation have been known for a long time, the structure and function of ADA2, a member of ADGF, remain enigmatic. Here, we found that ADA2 is secreted by monocytes undergoing differentiation into macrophages or DCs and that it binds to the cell surface via proteoglycans and ADRs. We demonstrate that ADA1 and ADA2 increase the rate of proliferation of monocyte-activated CD4+ T cells independently of their catalytic activity. We also show that ADA2 induces T cell-dependent differentiation of monocytes into macrophages and stimulates macrophage proliferation. Our discovery of the growth factor-like activity of ADA2 explains clinical observations and suggests that this enzyme could be used as a drug candidate to modulate the immune responses during inflammation and cancer.
An Application Mapping Scheme over Distributed Reconfigurable System (2009)

The developing semiconductor technology enables the reconfigurable hardware such as FPGA. Distributed reconfigurable system is a FPGA-based hardware accelerated system with network. Applications can be accelerated as hardware module by FPGA in a distributed system. There are few works about application mapping on distributed reconfigurable system. In this paper an application mapping scheme for reconfigurable hardware accelerated distributed system is introduced. By extending the link state routing algorithm, this scheme can maintain the network map with low overhead to ensure the flexibility of the algorithm. The LEFM-NH algorithm proposed in this paper analyzes the current network status and the current application task graphs, and then finds appropriate hosts to map tasks to reduce the average network latency. This paper uses NetFPGA as the reference platform. The LEFM-NH algorithm can reduce the average network latency by 64% compared with simple random mapping algorithm. Experimental results show that the LEFM-NH algorithm of our scheme has good scalability and its execution time has a linear growth with task number.
Comparison of the expression of the src gene of Rous sarcoma virus in vitro and in vivo (1978)

We have compared the polypeptide products of the src gene of several strains of Rous sarcoma virus produced by in vitro translation of heat-denatured 70S virion RNA in the nuclease-treated reticulocyte lysate with those present in chick cells transformed by these viruses. We have done this by immunoprecipitation, using sera from rabbits injected at birth with Schmidt-Ruppin Rous sarcoma virus. In vitro translation results in the synthesis of at least nine polypeptides which appear to be encoded by the src gene. These range in size from 17,000 to 60,000 daltons. The sera from tumor-bearing rabbits precipitated these polypeptides arising from the in vitro translation of RNA from Schmidt-Ruppin Rous sarcoma virus of both subgroup A and subgroup D and from one stock of Prague Rous sarcoma virus of subgroup C. In each case, all of this family of related polypeptides could be precipitated except the smallest, the 17,000-dalton polypeptide. No precipitation of analogous polypeptides resulting from the translation of RNA from other strains of Rous sarcoma virus was observed. Cells transformed by these three strains of Rous sarcoma virus contain easily detectable amounts of a polypeptide, p60src, essentially identical to the 60,000-dalton in vitro product. With one exception, they do not contain significant amounts of polypeptides analogous to the smaller in vitro products which can be precipitated by these sera. Cells transformed by one stock of Schmidt-Ruppin Rous sarcoma virus of subgroup A did contain a 39,000-dalton polypeptide, which was related, by peptide mapping, to the 60,000-dalton polypeptide and was similar in size to a precipitable in vitro product. The 60,000-dalton polypeptide present in transformed cells appeared to be phosphorylated 10 to 25 min after its synthesis, metabolically very stable, and not derived from a precursor polypeptide. All immunoprecipitates from transformed cells which contained p60src also contained an 80,000-dalton phosphoprotein. This polypeptide is unrelated to p60src, as determined by peptide mapping, and may well be a host cell polypeptide which is specifically associated with p60src.
Acyl analogues of the ene reaction (1976)

The unsaturated lactones, 3-morpholino-1H-2-benzopyran-1-one (6), 2,3-dihydro-5-morpholinofuran-2-one (19a), and its 3-(diphenylmethylene)- derivative (19b) add to numerous compounds containing electrondeficient multiple bonds to give products arising from ene reactions in which acyl groups are transferred.
Further Characterization of Neomycin B and Neomycin C (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFurther Characterization of Neomycin B and Neomycin CJared H. Ford, Malcolm E. Bergy, A. A. Brooks, Edward R. Garrett, Joseph Alberti, John R. Dyer, and H. E. CarterCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 20, 5311–5314Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01625a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01625a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views323Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Factors Affecting the Moisture Permeability of Lipid-Based Edible Films: A Review (2002)

Moisture transfers inside food products could be controlled or limited by the use of edible films. These are usually based on hydrophobic substances such as lipids to improve barrier efficiency. Water permeability of films is affected by many factors, depending on both the nature of barrier components, the film structure (homogeneous, emulsion, multilayer, etc.), crystal type, shape, size and distribution of lipids, and thermodynamics such as temperature, vapor pressure, or the physical state of water in contact to the films. After a brief presentation of lipids and hydrophobic substances used as moisture barrier, cited in the scientific literature, this article reviews all of the parameters affecting barrier performances of edible films and coatings.
A model of fuzzy emotion and behaviour selection for an autonomous mobile robot (2002)

This paper proposes a fuzzy model of emotion and behaviours selection for an autonomous mobile robot. Conventional behaviour-based robots can only exhibit a single behaviour or action after sensing an external event. In order to make a robot to adapt to its environment and to exhibit more complex behaviours, we try to model animal emotions and behaviours by a set of Fril's support logic fuzzy rules. This set of fuzzy rules will allow the robot to control and to select different behaviours depending on the environment and its experience. An summary of the calculus of support logic is given in this paper.
Full copper wiring in a sub-0.25 μm CMOS ULSI technology (2002)

We present the first fully integrated ULSI CMOS/copper interconnect technology. Up to 6 Cu wiring levels are built at minimum metal-contacted pitch of 0.63 /spl mu/m, with W local-interconnect and contact levels and a polycontacted pitch of 0.81 /spl mu/m, on a fully-scaled sub 0.25 /spl mu/m, 1.8 V CMOS technology. The Cu wiring has advantages of significantly lower resistance, higher allowed current density, and increased scalability, relative to comparable Ti/Al(Cu) wiring. These benefits in turn have enabled the scaling of pitch and thickness, from reduced-capacitance, high-density lower levels to low RC global wiring levels, consistent with high-performance and high-density needs. The integrated Cu hardware was evaluated according to a comprehensive set of yield, reliability, and stress tests. This included fully functional, high-density 288 K SRAM chips which were packaged into product modules and successfully tested for reliability. Overall, we find the results for full Cu wiring meet or exceed the standards set by our Al(Cu)/W-stud technology.
Evaluation of the Gen-Probe Chlamydia trachomatis transcription-mediated amplification assay with urine specimens from women (1997)

We evaluated the Gen-Probe Chlamydia trachomatis transcription-mediated amplification (TMA) assay with urine specimens for the detection of C. trachomatis infections in women. The novel test, based on the isothermal amplification of chlamydial RNA, was compared with the Roche Amplicor PCR with urine and cell culture with endocervical specimens. First-catch urine and endocervical swab specimens were collected from a total of 561 patients, of whom 70 (12.3%) were confirmed to have chlamydial infection. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of TMA with urine were 91.4 and 99.6%, respectively, and those of Amplicor PCR were 97.1 and 99.8%, respectively. By repeated analysis of the specimens with discrepant results, the sensitivity of TMA could be increased to 99%, indicating that some methodological improvements in the assay are still to be expected. The sensitivity of PCR could be increased to 100% by the elimination of DNA polymerase inhibitors in a repeated analysis. The sensitivity and specificity of cell culture with cervical specimens were 85.7 and 100%, respectively. The results indicate that TMA with urine specimens from women is a sensitive and specific assay for the detection of C. trachomatis, providing a new noninvasive technique for the screening of chlamydial infections in women.
Intrapharyngeal Distribution of Gastric Acid Refluxate (2003)

Reflux of gastric acid into the pharynx may extend to the region of the oropharynx in both patients and control subjects. Overall distribution of acid refluxate to the oropharynx is low but as groups is similar between healthy individuals and patients with reflux laryngitis and those with vasomotor rhinitis. Parameters of oropharyngeal acid reflux such as number and duration do not differentiate patients from control subjects.
Mimicry of the immunodominant conformation-dependent antigenic site of hepatitis A virus by motifs selected from synthetic peptide libraries (1995)

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is a positive-strand RNA virus with a genome length of approximately 7,480 nucleotides. Although HAV morphogenesis is thought to be similar to that of poliovirus, the prototype picornavirus, the complete characterization of the antigenic structure of this virus remains elusive. All the available evidences, however, support the existence, on HAV virions and empty capsids, of an immunodominant neutralization antigenic site which is conformation dependent and whose structure involves residues of both VP1 and VP3 capsid proteins. This particular feature and the difficulty of obtaining high virus yield in tissue cultures make HAV an ideal target for developing synthetic peptides that simulate the structure of its main antigenic determinant. To this end we utilized, in the present work, the divide-couple-recombine approach to generate a random library composed of millions of different hexapeptides. This vast library was screened with a well-characterized anti-HAV monoclonal antibody. By this strategy we identified a peptide that reacted specifically with monoclonal and polyclonal anti-HAV antibodies and, in mice, induced a specific anti-virus immune response. Furthermore, the peptide could also be used in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for revealing a primary immunoglobulin M immune response in sera of acutely infected human patients. Interestingly, no sequence homology was found between the identified peptide and the HAV capsid proteins VP1 and VP3. Collectively, these data represent an additional important paradigm of a mimotope capable of mimicking an antigenic determinant with unknown tertiary structure.
Maximally Stable Colour Regions for Recognition and Matching (2007)

This paper introduces a novel colour-based affine co-variant region detector. Our algorithm is an extension of the maximally stable extremal region (MSER) to colour. The extension to colour is done by looking at successive time-steps of an agglomerative clustering of image pixels. The selection of time-steps is stabilised against intensity scalings and image blur by modelling the distribution of edge magnitudes. The algorithm contains a novel edge significance measure based on a Poisson image noise model, which we show performs better than the commonly used Euclidean distance. We compare our algorithm to the original MSER detector and a competing colour-based blob feature detector, and show through a repeatability test that our detector performs better. We also extend the state of the art in feature repeatability tests, by using scenes consisting of two planes where one is piecewise transparent. This new test is able to evaluate how stable a feature is against changing backgrounds.
Extrusion Foaming of Semi‐Crystalline PLA and PLA/Thermoplastic Starch Blends (2007)

Low density open-cell foams were obtained from polylactic acid (PLA) and from blends of PLA with thermoplastic starch (TPS) using CO(2) as a blowing agent. Two unexpected features were found. First, a 2D cavitation process in the fractured cell walls was unveiled. Elliptical cavities with dimensions in the 100-300 nm range were aligned perpendicular to large cell cracks clearly exhibiting 2D crazing prior to macroscopic cell rupture. Secondly, a significant crystallization rate increase associated with the CO(2) foaming of PLA was discovered. While the PLA used in this study crystallized very slowly in isothermal crystallization, the PLA foams exhibited up to 15% crystallinity, providing evidence that CO(2) plasticization and the biaxial stretching upon foam expansion provided conditions that could increase the crystallization rate by several orders of magnitude.
Neurotrophic activity of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide on rat cerebellar cortex during development (1999)

High concentrations of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) receptors are present in the external granule cell layer of the rat cerebellum during postnatal development. In vitro studies have shown that PACAP promotes cell survival and neurite outgrowth on immature cerebellar granule cells in primary culture. In the present study, we have investigated the effect of PACAP on the development of the cerebellar cortex of 8-day-old rats. Incubation of cultured granule cells for 12 or 18 h with PACAP provoked a significant increase in the rate of incorporation of [(3)H]thymidine in cultured granule cells, suggesting that PACAP could stimulate the proliferation of granule cells. After 96 h of treatment, in vivo administration of PACAP provoked a transient increase in the number of granule cells in the molecular layer and in the internal granule cell layer. In contrast, PACAP did not affect the number of Purkinje cells. The augmentation of the number of granule cells evoked by PACAP was significantly inhibited by the PACAP receptor antagonist PACAP(6-38). Administration of PACAP also caused a significant increase in the volume of the cerebellar cortex. The present study provides evidence that PACAP can act in vivo as a trophic factor during rat brain development. Our data indicate that PACAP increases proliferation and/or inhibits programmed cell death of granule cells, as well as stimulating neuronal migration from the external granule cell layer toward the internal granule cell layer.
Pentamidine reverses the splicing defects associated with myotonic dystrophy (2009)

Myotonic dystrophy (DM) is a genetic disorder caused by the expression (as RNA) of expanded CTG or CCTG repeats. The alternative splicing factor MBNL1 is sequestered to the expanded RNA repeats, resulting in missplicing of a subset of pre-mRNAs linked to symptoms found in DM patients. Current data suggest that if MBNL1 is released from sequestration, disease symptoms may be alleviated. We identified the small molecules pentamidine and neomycin B as compounds that disrupt MBNL1 binding to CUG repeats in vitro. We show in cell culture that pentamidine was able to reverse the missplicing of 2 pre-mRNAs affected in DM, whereas neomycin B had no effect. Pentamidine also significantly reduced the formation of ribonuclear foci in tissue culture cells, releasing MBNL1 from the foci in the treated cells. Furthermore, pentamidine partially rescued splicing defects of 2 pre-mRNAs in mice expressing expanded CUG repeats.
Design analysis of bipolar Li-TiS2 batteries (1992)

The present study uses an empirical model to assess the feasibility of using the Li-TiS2 bipolar battery for high power applications. Predicted performance outputs at a variety of conditions were calculated. The effects of the design parameters on the performance of bipolar Li-TiS2 batteries are presented. Specific energies greater than 150 Wh/kg can be achieved at low rates. Specific power levels in excess of 100 W/kg can be reached at high rates but with a reduction of the specific energy to less than 70 Wh/kg.
Role of plasma kallikrein in diabetes and metabolism (2013)

Plasma kallikrein (PK) is a serine protease generated from plasma prekallikrein, an abundant circulating zymogen expressed by the Klkb1 gene. The physiological actions of PK have been primarily attributed to its production of bradykinin and activation of coagulation factor XII, which promotes inflammation and the intrinsic coagulation pathway. Recent genetic, molecular, and pharmacological studies of PK have provided further insight into its role in physiology and disease. Genetic analyses have revealed common Klkb1 variants that are association with blood metabolite levels, hypertension, and coagulation. Characterisation of animal models with Klkb1 deficiency and PK inhibition have demonstrated effects on inflammation, vascular function, blood pressure regulation, thrombosis, haemostasis, and metabolism. These reports have also identified a host of PK substrates and interactions, which suggest an expanded physiological role for this protease beyond the bradykinin system and coagulation. The review summarises the mechanisms that contribute to PK activation and its emerging role in diabetes and metabolism.
Neural Cleanse: Identifying and Mitigating Backdoor Attacks in Neural Networks (2019)

Lack of transparency in deep neural networks (DNNs) make them susceptible to backdoor attacks, where hidden associations or triggers override normal classification to produce unexpected results. For example, a model with a backdoor always identifies a face as Bill Gates if a specific symbol is present in the input. Backdoors can stay hidden indefinitely until activated by an input, and present a serious security risk to many security or safety related applications, e.g. biometric authentication systems or self-driving cars. We present the first robust and generalizable detection and mitigation system for DNN backdoor attacks. Our techniques identify backdoors and reconstruct possible triggers. We identify multiple mitigation techniques via input filters, neuron pruning and unlearning. We demonstrate their efficacy via extensive experiments on a variety of DNNs, against two types of backdoor injection methods identified by prior work. Our techniques also prove robust against a number of variants of the backdoor attack.
Microphone Techniques and Directional Quality of Sound Reproduction (2002)

Different spatial sound reproduction techniques are evaluated using a binaural auditory model. Ear canal signals for different microphone techniques and different loudspeaker reproduction are simulated. Directional auditory cues are calculated and directional quality is discussed. The results of recording techniques for stereophonic listening explain the subjective opinions presented in literature: With coincident microphone techniques directionally fairly stable and consistent virtual sources can be produced, and with spaced microphones more spread and ambiguous virtual sources are achieved. In multichannel reproduction, none of the existing microphone techniques are found to produce good directional quality. Both coincident and spaced microphone techniques produce spread virtual sources. 1