gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the influence of selection markers on obtaining selected pools and stable cell lines in human cells (2013)

Selection markers are common genetic elements used in recombinant cell line development. While several selection systems exist for use in mammalian cell lines, no previous study has comprehensively evaluated their performance in the isolation of recombinant populations and cell lines. Here we examine four antibiotics, hygromycin B, neomycin, puromycin, and Zeocin™, and their corresponding selector genes, using a green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a reporter in two model cell lines, HT1080 and HEK293. We identify Zeocin™ as the best selection agent for cell line development in human cells. In comparison to the other selection systems, Zeocin™ is able to identify populations with higher fluorescence levels, which in turn leads to the isolation of better clonal populations and less false positives. Furthermore, Zeocin™-resistant populations exhibit better transgene stability in the absence of selection pressure compared to other selection agents. All isolated Zeocin™-resistant clones, regardless of cell type, exhibited GFP expression. By comparison, only 79% of hygromycin B-resistant, 47% of neomycin-resistant, and 14% of puromycin-resistant clones expressed GFP. Based on these results, we rank Zeocin™ > hygromycin B ∼ puromycin > neomycin for cell line development in human cells. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that selection marker choice does indeed impact cell line development.
“Wounded Healers”: the role of lived‐experience in mental health education and practice (2012)

Purpose This article aims to focus on the role of lived‐experience in mental health education and practice as perceived by undergraduate students. Design/methodology/approach A small qualitative survey was conducted among Social Work and Mental Health Nursing students who were asked about their own experiences of mental ill health and its possible impact on their practice. Findings The article is contextualised in the concept of “Wounded Healers” as a number of students had previously (and were currently) experiencing mental distress. Originality/value There is a strong sense that students believe that their personal experiences inform their practice, and that this may assist them in empathising constructively with service users, within the boundaries of a professional relationship.
Antifungal activity of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria isolates against Rhizoctonia solani in wheat (2009)

Seven plant growth-promoting rhizobacterial (PGPR) strains were isolated from the rhizoplane and rhizosphere of wheat from four different sites of Pakistan. These strains were analyzed for production of indole acetic acid (IAA), phosphorous solublization capability and inhibition of Rhizoctonia solani on rye agar medium. Strains WPR-51, WPR-42 and WM-30 were selected to test in planta antagonistic activity on two wheat verities infected with R. solani. These three strains belonging to Azotobacter and Azospirillum produced IAA ranging from 19.4 to 30.2 ug/ml and possessed phosphorus solublization capability. Out of these three strains WPR-51 and mixture of all three strains showed maximum inhibition of R. solani growth. These strains positively affected the germination of wheat as well as increased biomass and root shoot length by inhibiting R. solani growth when tested in pot experiments. PGPRs can be used as biocontrol agents that inhibit root rot and also strengthen the plant for better growth.
Single-site ventricular and biventricular pacing: investigation of latest depolarization strategy (2007)

Aims Cardiac resynchronization therapy with biventricular pacing has proved beneficial in symptomatic heart failure patients, yet the effects in patients with structurally normal hearts remain unknown. We hypothesized that, in an acute swine model with normal anatomy and function, single-site right ventricular (RV) pacing would better preserve haemodynamic function and electrical activation compared to biventricular pacing. Methods Endocardial single-site pacing was performed in anesthetized swine (n = 7) from the RV septum and RV apex. Biventricular pacing was performed using an epicardial left ventricular (LV) lead and a RV lead. High-resolution, non-contact mapping was employed to record LV activation sequences simultaneously with haemodynamic data after 5 min of consistent capture. Results All pacing interventions significantly prolonged QRS and total endocardial activation durations (P < 0.05) compared to intrinsic activation. Biventricular pacing with the RV apex lead significantly impaired LV systolic mechanics (dP/dt(max), max LV pressure; P < 0.05), and reduced LV relaxation to the greatest extent (dP/dt(min), P = ns). Right ventricular septal pacing conserved function better than other pacing interventions (P = ns) and elicited an intrinsic electrical activation sequence. Conclusion In intact, synchronous hearts, acute biventricular pacing resulted in systolic dysfunction and abnormal LV electrical activation.
Neue polyimidazolone (1976)

Abstract In einer zweistufigen Polykondensationsreaktion wurden aus α‐Hydroxyketonen, aromatischen Diaminen und aromatischen Diisocyanaten hochtemperaturbeständige Polyimidazolone hergestellt. Durch Variation der Ausgangskomponenten wurde eine Reihe von Polymeren dieser Verbindungsklasse erhalten und in ihren Eigenschaften beschrieben. Aus Lösung wurden Filme gegossen, durch Heißpressen bei 350°C Formkörper hergestellt.
Cytoplasmic Signaling Pathways That Regulate Cardiac Hypertrophy (2001)

This review discusses the rapidly progressing field of cardiomyocyte signal transduction and the regulation of the hypertrophic response. When stimulated by a wide array of neurohumoral factors or when faced with an increase in ventricular-wall tension, individual cardiomyocytes undergo hypertrophic growth as an adaptive response. However, sustained cardiac hypertrophy is a leading predictor of future heart failure. A growing number of intracellular signaling pathways have been characterized as important transducers of the hypertrophic response, including specific G protein isoforms, low-molecular-weight GTPases (Ras, RhoA, and Rac), mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades, protein kinase C, calcineurin, gp130-signal transducer and activator of transcription, insulin-like growth factor I receptor pathway, fibroblast growth factor and transforming growth factor beta receptor pathways, and many others. Each of these signaling pathways has been implicated as a hypertrophic transducer, which collectively suggests an emerging paradigm whereby multiple pathways operate in concert to orchestrate a hypertrophic response
High-Throughput Analysis of Protein–Protein Interactions in Picoliter-Volume Droplets Using Fluorescence Polarization (2012)

Droplet-based microfluidic systems have emerged as a powerful platform for performing high-throughput biological experimentation. In addition, fluorescence polarization has been shown to be effective in reporting a diversity of bimolecular events such as protein-protein, DNA-protein, DNA-DNA, receptor-ligand, enzyme-substrate, and protein-drug interactions. Herein, we report the use of fluorescence polarization for high-throughput protein-protein interaction analysis in a droplet-based microfluidic system. To demonstrate the efficacy of the approach, we investigate the interaction between angiogenin (ANG) and antiangiogenin antibody (anti-ANG Ab) and demonstrate the efficient extraction of dissociation constants (K(D) = 10.4 ± 3.3 nM) within short time periods.
Homophilic and heterophilic binding activities of Nr-CAM, a nervous system cell adhesion molecule. (1992)

Nr-CAM is a membrane glycoprotein that is expressed on neurons. It is structurally related to members of the N-CAM superfamily of neural cell adhesion molecules having six immunoglobulin-like domains and five fibronectin type III repeats in the extracellular region. We have found that the aggregation of chick brain cells was inhibited by anti-Nr-CAM Fab' fragments, indicating that Nr-CAM can act as a cell adhesion molecule. To clarify the mode of action of Nr-CAM, a mouse fibroblast cell line L-M(TK-) (or L cells) was transfected with a DNA expression construct encoding an entire chicken Nr-CAM cDNA sequence. After transfection, L cells expressed Nr-CAM on their surface and aggregated. Aggregation was specifically inhibited by anti-Nr-CAM Fab' fragments. To check the specificity of this aggregation, a fusion protein (FGTNr) consisting of glutathione S-transferase linked to the six immunoglobulin domains and the first fibronectin type III repeat of Nr-CAM was expressed in Escherichia coli. Addition of FGTNr to the transfected cells blocked their aggregation. Further analysis using a combination of cell aggregation assays, binding of cells to FGTNr-coated substrates, aggregation of FGTNr-coated Covaspheres and binding of FGTNr-coated Covaspheres to FGTNr-coated substrates revealed that Nr-CAM mediates two types of cell interactions: a homophilic, divalent cation-independent binding, and a heterophilic, divalent cation-dependent binding. Homophilic binding was demonstrated between transfected L cells, between chick embryo brain cells and FGTNr, and between Covaspheres to which FGTNr was covalently attached. Heterophilic binding was shown to occur between transfected and untransfected L cells, and between FGTNr and primary chick embryo fibroblasts; in all cases, it was dependent on the presence of either calcium or magnesium. Primary chick embryo glia or a human glial cell line did not bind to FGTNr-coated substrates. The results indicate that Nr-CAM is a cell adhesion molecule of the nervous system that can bind by two distinct mechanisms, a homophilic mechanism that can mediate interactions between neurons and a heterophilic mechanism that can mediate binding between neurons and other cells such as fibroblasts.
The immune system and psychiatric disease: a basic science perspective (2019)

Mental illness exerts a major burden on human health, yet evidence-based treatments are rudimentary due to a limited understanding of the underlying pathologies. Clinical studies point to roles for the immune system in psychiatric diseases, while basic science has revealed that the brain has an active and multi-cellular resident immune system that interacts with peripheral immunity and impacts behavior. In this perspective, we highlight evidence of immune involvement in human psychiatric disease and review data from animal models that link immune signaling to neuronal function and behavior. We propose a conceptual framework for linking advances in basic neuroimmunology to their potential relevance for psychiatric diseases, based on the subtypes of immune responses defined in peripheral tissues. Our goal is to identify novel areas of focus for future basic and translational studies that may reveal the potential of the immune system for diagnosing and treating mental illnesses.
血液制品供者性别与输血后患者病死率的关系 (2012)

目的 女性供者的血液制品与较差的输血结果相关,本研究的目的是量化女性供者血液制品输注与接受输血患者总病死率的相关性.方法 本研究对荷兰莱顿大学医学中心5年内所有接受输血者进行了队列研究.对输注同一性别供者血液制品的受血者亚组进行分析,并总体评估了对男性和女性受血者的影响.结果 总体而言,当男女受血者性别均衡时,输注女性供者血液制品与病死率增加无相关性.然而,在男性受血者中,输注女性供者血液制品与病死率呈正相关关系,而在女性受血者中呈负相关关系.性别不匹配输血后死亡的风险比为1.2(95％ CI,0.98～1.4).1～55岁受血者风险比为1.8(95％ CI,1.2～2.7).因为55岁以上受血者具有更多的其他危险死亡因素,所以风险比为1.0(95％ CI,0.83～1.2).结论 总体上,输注女性供者血液制品与受血者病死率增加无相关性.但是,接受女性供者血液制品的男性受血者死亡风险的确增加.接受男性供者血液制品的女性受血者病死率增加幅度较小。
WebGroup: a secure group access control tool for the World-Wide Web (2002)

The authors present an integrated secure group access control tool to support workgroups on the World-Wide Web. The system enables user authentication, encrypted communication and fine-grained group access control. The tool comprises two proxies: one running on the server side and the other one on the client side. Typically the browser sends a query to the client side proxy which contacts the server side proxy for authentication, session key exchange and checking of access rights. The server side proxy finally forwards the request to the HTTP server. The tool is completely transparent to the user and compatible with any Web server and browser. It can also become part of a firewall configuration.
Assessment of Canine Vocal Fold Function after Injection of a New Biomaterial Designed to Treat Phonatory Mucosal Scarring (2011)

The PEG30 hydrogel is a promising biocompatible candidate biomaterial to restore form and function to deficient phonatory mucosa, while not mechanically impeding residual endogenous superficial lamina propria.
Methotrexate Prevents Renal Injury in Experimental Diabetic Rats via Anti-Inflammatory Actions (2005)

Recent studies suggested the involvement of inflammatory processes in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. Methotrexate (MTX), a folic acid antagonist, is widely used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Recently, it has been shown that treatment with low-dose MTX reduces the cardiovascular mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, suggesting that MTX has anti-atherosclerotic effects via its anti-inflammatory actions. This study was designed to determine the anti-inflammatory effects of this agent on diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats with streptozotocin, and MTX (0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg) was administered once a week for 8 wk. Treatment with MTX reduced urinary albumin excretion, mesangial matrix expansion, macrophage infiltration, expression of TGF-beta and type IV collagen, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in glomeruli. MTX also reduced the high glucose-induced NF-kappaB activation in vitro and in vivo. The results indicate that intermittent administration of MTX prevented renal injuries without changes in blood glucose level and BP in experimental diabetic rats. The protective effects of MTX are suggested to be mediated by its anti-inflammatory actions through inhibition of NF-kappaB activation and consequent reduction of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression and macrophage infiltration. The results suggest that anti-inflammatory agents might be beneficial for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.
Combination and Integration of DPF-SCR After-treatment (2012)

Exhaust after-treatment is considered an enabler for widespread implication of higher fuel efficient diesel engines. In the last decade extensive research has resulted in the development and advancement of many after-treatment technologies. However there are still many unanswered questions that relate to how these technologies can work together synergistically versus in opposition if intimately integrated with one another. It is anticipated that in the future there will be a need to minimize the volume and mass of after-treatment systems on ever increasingly more complex truck platforms. However, to-date research focused on combining technologies into an integrated system has been relatively sparse. With the inevitable need to consider how SCR and DPF technologies will function in synergy to reduce both NOx and PM, as well as how CO and hydrocarbons (HC) need to be managed, an intergraded investigation and approach is essentially mandatory. The determination of important synergies will require study both under steady-state and through transient conditions.
A scalable communication-centric SoC interconnect architecture (2004)

System on Chip (SoC) design in the forthcoming billion-transistor era will involve the integration of numerous heterogeneous semiconductor intellectual property (IP) blocks. Some of the main problems in the ultra deep submicron technologies arise from nonscalable global wire delays, failure to achieve global synchronization and difficulties associated with nonscalable bus-based functional interconnect. These problems can be dealt with by using a structured interconnect template to design future SoCs. Recently, we introduced the butterfly fat-tree as an overall interconnect architecture, where IPs reside at the leaves of the tree and switches at its vertices. Here, we analyze this architecture with a particular focus on achieving overall timing closure. The only global wires in this routing architecture are the inter-switch wires and the delays in these global wires can be predicted at the initial stages of design cycle. Our analysis shows that the inter-switch wire delay in the networked SoC can be always designed to fit within one clock cycle, regardless of the system size. We contrast the analysis for our network with that of a bus-based architecture. For the latter, we illustrate how the interconnect delay and system size are interrelated, thereby limiting the number of IP blocks that can be connected by a bus.
Optimization of the polymerase chain reaction with regard to fidelity: modified T7, Taq, and vent DNA polymerases. (1991)

The fidelity of DNA polymerases used in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can be influenced by many factors in the reaction mixture. To maximize the fidelity of DNA polymerases in the PCR, pH, concentrations of deoxynucleoside triphosphates, and magnesium ion were varied. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis was used to separate the polymerase-induced mutants from wild-type DNA sequences. Thermolabile modified T7 DNA polymerase, thermostable Taq, and Vent DNA polymerases were studied. Fidelity of all three DNA polymerases was sensitive to concentrations of deoxynucleoside triphosphates, magnesium ion, and pH. Within conditions that permitted efficient amplification, optimization with regard to these three factors yielded an average error rate in error/base pair incorporated of 7.2 x 10(-5) for Taq, 4.5 x 10(-5) for Vent, and 4.4 x 10(-5) for modified T7 (Sequenase) DNA polymerases.
Gene Expression Profiles and Transcription Factors Involved in Parathyroid Hormone Signaling in Osteoblasts Revealed by Microarray and Bioinformatics (2003)

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) binds to its receptor PTH1R (parathyroid hormone 1 receptor) in osteoblastic cells to regulate bone remodeling and calcium homeostasis. While prolonged exposure to PTH causes increased bone resorption, intermittent injections of PTH have an anabolic effect on bone. The molecular mechanisms regulating these processes are still largely unknown. Here, we present our results on gene expression profile changes in the PTH-treated osteoblastic cell line, UMR 106-01, using DNA microarray analysis. A total of 125 known genes and 30 unknown expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were found to have at least 2-fold expression changes after PTH treatment at 4, 12, and 24 h. 14 genes were previously known to be PTH-regulated but many were unknown to be regulated by PTH prior to our experiments. Real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR confirmed that 90 and 50% of the genes are regulated more than 2-fold by PTH in UMR 106-01 and rat primary osteoblastic cells, respectively. Most genes belong to the following protein families: hormones, growth factors, and receptors; signal transduction pathway proteins; transcription factors; proteases; metabolic enzymes; structural and matrix proteins; transporters; etc. These results provide a comprehensive and deeper knowledge about PTH regulation of osteoblastic gene expression. Next, we designed a computational method to extract information about transcription factors likely involved in regulating these genes. These factors include those previously known to be involved in PTH signaling (AP-1 and the cAMP response element-binding protein), those that were identified by microarray data (C/EBP), and some novel transcription factors (AP-2, AP-4, SP1, FoxD3, etc.). Our results suggest that a reliable bioinformatics approach can be easily applied for other systems.
Breast cancer mammography patterns (1977)

Mammography studies, from 1963 through 1972, on 5,918 women over age 30 years with 327 breast cancer on initial studies, were prospectively categorized on a scale of 1 to 4 of increasing amounts of fibroglandular tissue. Approximately 60% of the cancers occurred in classes 1 and 2 breasts, about one-third of the patients, while 40% of the cancer were in the remaining two-thirds, comprising classes 3 and 4. There were 54 cancers that developed in breast that previously were free of symptoms, clinical signs, and x-ray abnormality. Up to 36 months one cancer was found in class 1, while 26 cancers were detected in class 4 breasts; two cancers developed in class 2 and seven in class 3. Cancers developing 38 to 88 months after normal examination had an incidence of 0.23% in combined classes 1 and 2 and an incidence of 0.21% in classes 3 and 4. Dense fibroglandular tissue delays detection of breast cancer by mammography. Apparent increase in cancer risk in such breasts is due to this delay. More than a 3-year follow-up is required to assess the life history of breast cancer by mammography.
Cross-Correlation of Optical Microcavity Biosensor Response with Immobilized Enzyme Activity. Insights into Biosensor Sensitivity (2005)

Porous silicon multilayer structures have remarkable optical and morphological properties that can be exploited for biosensing. In particular, a high internal surface area (>100 m(2)/cm(3)) and a linear response profile to changes in the dielectric environment enable fabrication of sensitive devices and a straightforward quantitation of the optical response. These essential operating characteristics are illustrated for p+ mesoporous silicon (pore diameter 15-20 nm) optical microcavities. A series of devices were prepared to permit the immobilization of glutathione-S-transferase ( approximately 50 kDa) within the porous matrix. Enzyme activity was exploited as an indirect means to quantitate the amount of protein immobilized. Activity was positively correlated with the optical sensor response. However, at high enzyme load the activity becomes nonlinear while the microcavity response remains linear. These data were used to determine the transduction limit (minimum amount of protein required to transduce an optical response), which is reported as areal mass sensitivity ranging between 50 and 250 pg/mm(2). This value is considered in context with the dynamic range of the bulk sensitivity, defined as the magnitude of the wavelength shift per refractive index unit, which was measured as a function of microcavity design parameters. This work has uncovered key parameters that can be tuned to improve the detection limit of this sensor modality. Because of the ever increasing number of emerging new biosensor technologies, defining sensor detection limits has become an ambiguous topic and a need exists to standardize measurements and sensitivity units. For chip-based devices, it seems appropriate to report sensitivity in terms of the minimum number of grams of bound target per surface area.
Digital‐Inverter Amine Sensing via Synergistic Responses by n and p Organic Semiconductors (2011)

Chemiresistors and sensitive OFETs have been substantially developed as cheap, scalable, and versatile sensing platforms. While new materials are expanding OFET sensing capabilities, the device architectures have changed little. Here we report higher order logic circuits utilizing OFETs sensitive to amine vapors. The circuits depend on the synergistic responses of paired p- and n-channel organic semiconductors, including an unprecedented analyte-induced current increase by the n-channel semiconductor. This represents the first step towards 'intelligent sensors' that utilize analog signal changes in sensitive OFETs to produce direct digital readouts suitable for further logic operations.