gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The location stack (2004)

Many emerging mobile computing applications need to know the physical locations of people and devices. For example, mobile workers want to automatically annotate photographs or documents with a “place of creation” property to enable indexing and retrieval. This sort of need has inspired development of many systems to automatically locate people, devices, and other objects. The most well-known system is perhaps the Global Positioning System (GPS), a satellite-based location service. Because each approach solves a different problem or supports different applications, they vary widely in many parameters. 
Not surprisingly, no location system produces error-free measurements or is ideal in all situations. For example, GPS receivers are ineffective indoors while infrared proximity badge systems, which do work well indoors, use infrastructure too cumbersome to deploy ubiquitously. Furthermore, many systems use idiosyncratic software metaphors and stove-piped designs making flexibility low and reuse difficult. What is needed is (a) a software framework allowing multiple sensing technologies to exist under a single Location Programming Interface and (b) probabilistic algorithms to implement this framework and handle uncertain sensor information. This dissertation addresses both needs. 
The Location Stack is a six-layer software framework for building location-enhanced computing systems. It is motivated by a taxonomy and survey of existing location systems presented in this dissertation. The Location Stack has impacted the field including commercial adoption by Intel, research adoption by the Place Lab project, and community adoption of our publicly available probabilistic location-estimation library. The Location Stack partitions research and development problems appropriately, standardizes vocabulary, and promotes hardware and software reuse. 
This dissertation also studies how to implement the Location Stack. Empirical analyses show that particle filters, an instance of a class of estimation algorithms called Bayes filters, are accurate, flexible, and practical tools to manage measurement uncertainty, perform multi-sensor fusion, and support rich location programming interfaces on heterogeneous devices. Additional collaborative work shows how to increase the performance of particle filters using learned motion and addresses the previously challenging goal of fusing anonymous and identity-certain location sensors. 
Future directions include algorithmic performance improvements, developing a “place” abstraction on coordinates, and encouraging public adoption of location-enhanced computing.
Excessive mineralization with growth plate closure in rats on chronic warfarin treatment. (1982)

Rats maintained for 8 months on a level of warfarin sufficient to decrease the vitamin K-dependent protein of bone (bone Gla protein) to 2% of normal have an excessive mineralization disorder characterized by complete fusion of the proximal tibial growth plate and cessation of longitudinal growth. The general features of this abnormality resemble the fetal warfarin syndrome in humans, a disorder also characterized by excessive mineralization of the growth plate. These excessive mineralization disorders may be caused by the decreased levels of bone Gla protein, a protein that potently inhibits mineralization in vitro.
Botany : An Introduction to Plant Biology (1991)

As new information is introduced and environmental changes occur, Plant Biology continues to develop and evolve as a science. Updated and revised to keep pace with these developments, the Fifth Edition of Botany: An Introduction to Plant Biology provides a modern and comprehensive overview of the fundamentals of botany while retaining the important focus of natural selection, analysis of botanical phenomena, and diversity. Students are first introduced to topics that should be most familiar (plant structure), proceed to those less familiar (plant physiology and development), and conclude with topics that are likely least familiar to the introductory student (genetics, evolution, and ecology). Mauseth is sure to provide the latest material on molecular biology and plant biotechnology in an effort to keep pace with these advancing areas of study. All sections are written to be self-contained allowing for a flexible presentation of course material. Key Features: - Includes new content on molecular biology, plant biotechnology, and the most recent coverage of taxonomy and phylogeny of plants. - Now available with a new electronic laboratory manual. - Plants Do Things Differently boxes help students understand and compare plant biology with human biology. - End-of-chapter study guide includes nearly 50 or more questions in each chapter, urging students to test themselves on the most important points in the chapter. - Alternatives boxes encourage students to think expansively about alternative aspects of plant biology that are more advantageous in certain conditions.
CENP‐F expression is associated with poor prognosis and chromosomal instability in patients with primary breast cancer (2007)

Abstract DNA microarrays have the potential to classify tumors according to their transcriptome. Tissue microarrays (TMAs) facilitate the validation of biomarkers by offering a high‐throughput approach to sample analysis. We reanalyzed a high profile breast cancer DNA microarray dataset containing 96 tumor samples using a powerful statistical approach, between group analyses. Among the genes we identified was centromere protein‐F ( CENP‐F ), a gene associated with poor prognosis. In a published follow‐up breast cancer DNA microarray study, comprising 295 tumour samples, we found that CENP‐F upregulation was significantly associated with worse overall survival ( p &lt; 0.001) and reduced metastasis‐free survival ( p &lt; 0.001). To validate and expand upon these findings, we used 2 independent breast cancer patient cohorts represented on TMAs. CENP‐F protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 91 primary breast cancer samples from cohort I and 289 samples from cohort II. CENP‐F correlated with markers of aggressive tumor behavior including ER negativity and high tumor grade. In cohort I, CENP‐F was significantly associated with markers of CIN including cyclin E, increased telomerase activity, c‐Myc amplification and aneuploidy. In cohort II, CENP‐F correlated with VEGFR2, phosphorylated Ets‐2 and Ki67, and in multivariate analysis, was an independent predictor of worse breast cancer‐specific survival ( p = 0.036) and overall survival ( p = 0.040). In conclusion, we identified CENP‐F as a biomarker associated with poor outcome in breast cancer and showed several novel associations of biological significance. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Post-transcriptional regulation of immune responses by RNA binding proteins (2018)

Cytokines are critical mediators of inflammation and host immune defense. Cytokine production is regulated at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Post-transcriptional damping of inflammatory mRNAs is mediated by a set of RNA binding proteins (RBPs) interacting with cis-elements, such as AU-rich elements (ARE) and stem-loop structures. Whereas ARE-binding proteins such as tristetraprolin and a stem-loop recognizing protein, Roquin, downregulate cytokine mRNA abundance by recruiting a CCR4-NOT deadenylase complex, another stem-loop RBP, Regnase-1, acts as an endoribonuclease, directly degrading target cytokine mRNAs. These RBPs control translation-active or -inactive mRNAs in distinct intracellular locations. The presence of various RBPs regulating mRNAs in distinct locations enables elaborate control of cytokines under inflammatory conditions. Dysregulation of cytokine mRNA decay leads to pathologies such as the development of autoimmune diseases or impaired activation of immune responses. Here we review current knowledge about the post-transcriptional regulation of immune responses by RBPs and the importance of their alteration during inflammatory pathology and autoimmunity.
SAW substrate with coupling factor and excellent temperature stability suitable for duplexer of PCS in US (2005)

The pass-bands of a transmission (Tx) and a receiving (Rx) of the Personal Communication Services (PCS) Handy-phone in US are 1850-1910 MHz and 1930-1990 MHz, respectively. The transition bandwidth between the Tx and the Rx is very narrow as 20 MHz compared with other systems. A duplexer for the PCS using surface acoustic wave (SAW) requires a SAW substrate, which has a the good temperature stability, an optimum electromechanical coupling factor, and a large reflection coefficient. Some Rayleigh waves and leaky SAW (LSAW) on various substrate or structures have a good temperature characteristic, but almost all of them have not an optimum coupling factor and a large reflection coefficient for the US-PCS duplexer. In 2003, the authors reported a US-PCS SAW duplexer having good temperature stability, a steep frequency characteristic in transition band, a low loss, and a large out-of-band suppression. This paper describes the detail of the new substrate having the good temperature stability, the optimum electromechanical coupling factor, and sufficient reflection coefficient.
Purified rat acid-labile subunit and recombinant human insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding protein-3 can form a 150-kilodalton binary complex in vitro in the absence of IGFs (1995)

Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) circulate in plasma mainly as part of a 150-kilodalton (kDa) complex with 40- to 45-kDa IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) and an approximately 85-kDa acid-labile subunit (ALS) that does not bind IGFs directly. This complex sequesters IGFs in plasma, thereby providing a potential reservoir of the growth factors for tissues while constraining their potential hypoglycemic effects. Although it has been thought that IGFBP-3 must first bind IGF-I or IGF-II before it can complex with ALS to form the 150-kDa complex, we recently showed that unoccupied 150-kDa binary complexes of IGFBP-3 and ALS are abundant in adult rat serum. We now demonstrate that IGFBP-3 and rat (r)ALS can form 150-kDa complexes in the absence of IGFs. ALS was purified from rat serum by anion exchange chromatography and affinity chromatography on an IGF-I-Sepharose column to which human (h) IGFBP-3 had been noncovalently bound. The preparation contained less than 0.1 ng IGF-I/microgram(s) purified ALS. In the absence of IGF, radiolabeled (r)ALS and recombinant hIGFBP-3 formed complexes that could be immunoprecipitated by antiserum to hIGFBP-3; these complexes were identified by direct quantitation of the precipitated radioactivity or by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDA-PAGE). Inclusion of IGF-I in the incubation increased complex formation. Complex formation also was demonstrated by incubation of unlabeled rALS with hIGFBP-3, followed by affinity cross-linking. Complexes were fractionated by SDS-PAGE, blotted, and shown to contain unoccupied IGF-binding sites by their ability to bind radioiodinated IGF-II. In addition, when rALS was subjected to SDS-PAGE and blotted, radioiodinated recombinant hIGFBP-3 bound to the 85-kDa protein. In this experiment IGFBP-3 binding was slightly increased by coincubation with IGF-I. Thus, purified rALS can form a 150-kDa complex with hIGFBP-3 in the absence of IGF in vitro. The efficiency of complex formation was increased to variable extents by coincubation with IGF-I depending on the assay method.
Theory of Molecular Size Distribution and Gel Formation in Branched-Chain Polymers (1943)

The most probable distributions of molecular sizes are calculated for certain types of branched-chain polymers. The results represent an extension of the previous work of Flory, who showed that very large polymeric molecules appear suddenly at a critical extent of reaction, which is predicted to occur very nearly at the experimentally observed gel point. This transition from liquid to gel is shown to be analagous to the condensation of a saturated vapor. It is believed that the size distributions obtained herein will aid in a study of viscosity-molecular weight relationships in branched-chain polymers.
Isolation and properties of bovine kidney brush border vacuolar H(+)-ATPase. A proton pump with enzymatic and structural differences from kidney microsomal H(+)-ATPase. (1990)

Vacuolar H(+)-ATPase was isolated from highly purified bovine kidney brush border, using a previously described immunoaffinity method. The affinity purified enzyme had reconstitutively active ATP-induced acidification that was inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide. The brush border H(+)-ATPase had a single pH optimum of 7.3, and a single Km for ATP of 360 microM. The enzyme showed no lipid activation; it had a substrate preference of ATP greater than ITP greater than UTP greater than GTP much greater than CTP, with an ATP:GTP selectivity of 1.69. The brush border H(+)-ATPase required no monovalent anion or cation for activity and was inhibited by the oxyanions NO3(-1) much greater than SO4(-2); sulfite stimulated activity at low concentrations and inhibited at higher concentrations. The inhibition produced by nitrate could not be attributed to dissociation of subunits from the enzyme. The divalent or trivalent cation preference was Mn+2 much greater than Mg+2 much greater than Co+2 greater than Al+3 greater than Ca+2 much greater than Ba+2,Sr+2; 1 mM Zn+2 inhibited the enzyme completely, but Cu+2 inhibited only 49% of activity at concentrations up to 5 mM. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels of the brush border H(+)-ATPase showed subunits at Mr 70,000, a doublet at 56,000, 45,000, 42,000, 38,000, 33,000, 31,000, 15,000, 14,000, and 12,000. On two-dimensional gels, the pl value for the Mr 70,000 subunit was 6.3, for the Mr 56,000 was 6.4, and for the Mr 31,000 was 7.5-8.5, and microheterogeneity was observed in the Mr 56,000 and 31,000 subunits. A comparison of kidney cortex brush border H(+)-ATPase with kidney cortex microsomal H(+)-ATPase revealed differences in pH optimum, Km for ATP, lipid dependence, substrate preference, divalent ion preference, copper sensitivity, and in microheterogeneity of the Mr 56,000 and 31,000 subunits, providing evidence that different functional and structural classes of vacuolar H(+)-ATPase are segregated to specific membrane compartments.
"Aliud pro alio" versus vicios ocultos en compraventa mercantil de cosa genérica (aceite de oliva).: S. TS. 21 octubre 2005 (2006)

BACKGROUND Cat scratch disease (CSD) is a self-limited infection caused by Bartonella henselae that causes lymphadenitis, fevers, skin changes at the inoculation site, headache, nausea, and ocular symptoms. Bartonella neuroretinitis is a form of CSD that presents with ocular symptoms, such as a central scotoma, rather than the typical lymphadenopathy of CSD. Bartonella neuroretinitis is the most common cause of infectious neuroretinitis leading to painless vision loss. Symptoms can mimic the more common optic neuritis, which can lead to under-diagnosis. Early diagnosis of Bartonella neuroretinitis and initiation of appropriate treatment is crucial to prevent vision loss and shorten recovery time. CASE REPORT A 47-year-old man presented to the Emergency Department with nonspecific symptoms of headache, fevers, and visual changes. He was noted to have adopted a cat 2 months prior to presentation. A dilated fundus examination revealed grade 3 optic disc edema with small disc hemorrhages bilaterally without lymphadenopathy, and Bartonella henselae serologies returned positive for the disease. The patient was treated with doxycycline and rifampin at discharge. At his follow-up outpatient ophthalmology visit, the patient had symptomatically improved vision, with dilated fundus examination supporting reduced optic disc edema in the right eye. CONCLUSIONS Early recognition and treatment of Bartonella neuroretinitis is essential to prevent vision loss and shorten recovery time. The current standard of treatment is doxycycline and rifampin for 4 to 6 weeks, and a growing body of literature indicates the supplementation of corticosteroids with these antibiotics.
Frequency dependence of the parallel and perpendicular ferromagnetic resonance linewidth in Permalloy films, 2-36 GHz (1975)

Ferromagnetic resonance linewidth data for 75% Ni-25% Fe evaporated thin films at 2–36 GHz for both parallel and perpendicular orientations show that the two linewidths are the same and increase linearly with frequency above 10 GHz. At lower frequencies the parallel linewidth is in accord with the high-frequency behavior, but the perpendicular linewidth levels off at 10–30 Oe. These data suggest that the high-frequency relaxation is characteristic of a Landau-Lifshitz λ-type process but that the low-frequency losses are characteristic of a process intermediate between λ-type and 1/τ-type relaxation.
Investigation of Circulating Immune Complexes in Patients with Breast Cancer (1982)

Circulating immune-complex (IC) levels of patients with breast cancer were measured before and after surgery using a complement-consumption technique. 16 of 26 patients showed raised pre-operative IC values. In 15 out of 16 patients the pathological IC levels decreased within 2--10 days following surgery. Suggestions about the applicability of this test not only for prognosis, but also for monitoring the course of breast cancer need to be confirmed by further investigations.
Dynamic Combinatorial Selection of Molecules Capable of Inhibiting the (CUG) Repeat RNA−MBNL1 Interaction In Vitro: Discovery of Lead Compounds Targeting Myotonic Dystrophy (DM1) (2008)

Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1), the most common form of muscular dystrophy in adults, is an RNA-mediated disease. Dramatically expanded (CUG) repeats accumulate in nuclei and sequester RNA-binding proteins such as the splicing regulator MBNL1. We have employed resin-bound dynamic combinatorial chemistry (RBDCC) to identify the first examples of compounds able to inhibit MBNL1 binding to (CUG) repeat RNA. Screening an RBDCL with a theoretical diversity of 11 325 members yielded several molecules with significant selectivity for binding to (CUG) repeat RNA over other sequences. These compounds were also able to inhibit the interaction of GGG-(CUG)(109)-GGG RNA with MBNL1 in vitro, with K(i) values in the low micromolar range.
Thermoelastic Coupling to Lamb Waves (1986)

We consider the thermoelastic generation of Lamb waves produced by incidence of a light beam on a solid plate. In addition to the variables relevant for thermoelastic SAW generation -- frequency and the optical, thermal, and acoustical properties of the materials used -- one has the plate thickness and mode type (symmetric, anti-symmetric). The characteristics of the problem depend on the ratios of plate thickness to thermal wavenumber and acoustic wavelength, and on the symmetry of optical beam incidence. Initial results indicate that the thermoelastic coupling efficiency for plate modes can be appreciably higher than for SAWs. Furthermore, if the plate is a suitable semiconductor structure with an applied electric field, one can increase the local heating over that produced by optical absorption alone, as shown by surface displacement measurements made in the photo-thermal-displacement microscope. These features may be useful in novel sensors that employ Lamb waves.
Occurrence of Graves' Disease during Retreatment with Interferon-.ALPHA.2a for Chronic Hepatitis C. (1995)

The present report describes a patient who developed Graves' disease 3 months after inception of retreatment with higher doses of interferon-alpha 2a for chronic hepatitis C, although the initial 6-month treatment caused no serious adverse reactions. Severe hyperthyroidism continued despite discontinuation of interferon-alpha 2a, and the patient was subsequently treated with 131I. This case suggests careful evaluation of the safety of retreatment to prevent manifestation of such a complication in the retreatment of chronic hepatitis C with interferon.
Background Removal of Multiview Images by Learning Shape Priors (2007)

Image-based rendering has been successfully used to display 3-D objects for many applications. A well-known example is the object movie, which is an image-based 3-D object composed of a collection of 2-D images taken from many different viewpoints of a 3-D object. In order to integrate image-based 3-D objects into a chosen scene (e.g., a panorama), one has to meet a hard challenge--to efficiently and effectively remove the background from the foreground object. This problem is referred to as multiview images (MVIs) segmentation. Another task requires MVI segmentation is image-based 3-D reconstruction using multiview images. In this paper, we propose a new method for segmenting MVI, which integrates some useful algorithms, including the well-known graph-cut image segmentation and volumetric graph-cut. The main idea is to incorporate the shape prior into the image segmentation process. The shape prior introduced into every image of the MVI is extracted from the 3-D model reconstructed by using the volumetric graph cuts algorithm. Here, the constraint obtained from the discrete medial axis is adopted to improve the reconstruction algorithm. The proposed MVI segmentation process requires only a small amount of user intervention, which is to select a subset of acceptable segmentations of the MVI after the initial segmentation process. According to our experiments, the proposed method can provide not only good MVI segmentation, but also provide acceptable 3-D reconstructed models for certain less-demanding applications.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Peptidomimetic Aldehydes as Broad-Spectrum Inhibitors against Enterovirus and SARS-CoV-2 (2021)

A novel series of peptidomimetic aldehydes was designed and synthesized to target 3C protease (3C<sup>pro</sup>) of enterovirus 71 (EV71). Most of the compounds exhibited high antiviral activity, and among them, compound <b>18p</b> demonstrated potent enzyme inhibitory activity and broad-spectrum antiviral activity on a panel of enteroviruses and rhinoviruses. The crystal structure of EV71 3C<sup>pro</sup> in complex with <b>18p</b> determined at a resolution of 1.2 Å revealed that <b>18p</b> covalently linked to the catalytic Cys147 with an aldehyde group. In addition, these compounds also exhibited good inhibitory activity against the 3CL<sup>pro</sup> and the replication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), especially compound <b>18p</b> (IC<sub>50</sub> = 0.034 μM, EC<sub>50</sub> = 0.29 μM). According to our previous work, these compounds have no reasons for concern regarding acute toxicity. Compared with <b>AG7088</b>, compound <b>18p</b> also exhibited good pharmacokinetic properties and more potent anticoronavirus activity, making it an excellent lead for further development.
Metal-Free Preparation of Linear and Cross-Linked Polydicyclopentadiene (2015)

Metal-free ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) utilizes organic photoredox mediators as alternatives to traditional metal-based ROMP initiators to allow the preparation of polymers without residual metal contamination. Herein we report studies exploring the use of endo-dicyclopentadiene (DCPD), a common ROMP monomer, to form linear polyDCPD and copolymers with norbornene. Subsequent cross-linking of the linear polyDCPD using thiol-ene chemistry allows for a completely metal-free preparation of cross-linked polyDCPD. Furthermore, the examination of a number of structurally related monomers offers insights into mechanistic details of this polymerization and demonstrates new monomers that can be utilized for metal-free ROMP.