gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Long terminal repeat sequences impart hematopoietic transformation properties to the myeloproliferative sarcoma virus. (1985)

The myeloproliferative sarcoma virus not only transforms fibroblasts but also causes extensive expansion of the hematopoietic stem cell compartment on infection of adult mice. Similar to the Moloney sarcoma virus, it carries the mos oncogene. Moloney sarcoma virus, however, does not induce myeloproliferation and leukemia in adult mice. The difference between the two viruses was explored by using their molecularly cloned genomes and the cellular mos oncogene to construct recombinant genomes. It was shown that the U3 region of the viral long terminal repeat (LTR) has a decisive function in determining the target cell specificity of the myeloproliferative sarcoma virus. Any mos gene, whether of cellular or viral origin, is sufficient in conjunction with the proper LTR to induce myeloproliferation. Our results indicate that the pathogenicity of acutely transforming viruses is determined not only by the oncogene but also by sequences in the viral LTR.
Feedback Directed Prefetching: Improving the Performance and Bandwidth-Efficiency of Hardware Prefetchers (2007)

High performance processors employ hardware data prefetching to reduce the negative performance impact of large main memory latencies. While prefetching improves performance substantially on many programs, it can significantly reduce performance on others. Also, prefetching can significantly increase memory bandwidth requirements. This paper proposes a mechanism that incorporates dynamic feedback into the design of the prefetcher to increase the performance improvement provided by prefetching as well as to reduce the negative performance and bandwidth impact of prefetching. Our mechanism estimates prefetcher accuracy, prefetcher timeliness, and prefetcher-caused cache pollution to adjust the aggressiveness of the data prefetcher dynamically. We introduce a new method to track cache pollution caused by the prefetcher at run-time. We also introduce a mechanism that dynamically decides where in the LRU stack to insert the prefetched blocks in the cache based on the cache pollution caused by the prefetcher. Using the proposed dynamic mechanism improves average performance by 6.5% on 17 memory-intensive benchmarks in the SPEC CPU2000 suite compared to the best-performing conventional stream-based data prefetcher configuration, while it consumes 18.7% less memory bandwidth. Compared to a conventional stream-based data prefetcher configuration that consumes similar amount of memory bandwidth, feedback directed prefetching provides 13.6% higher performance. Our results show that feedback-directed prefetching eliminates the large negative performance impact incurred on some benchmarks due to prefetching, and it is applicable to stream-based prefetchers, global-history-buffer based delta correlation prefetchers, and PC-based stride prefetchers
Engineered Single Human CD4 Domains as Potent HIV-1 Inhibitors and Components of Vaccine Immunogens (2011)

Soluble forms of the HIV-1 receptor CD4 (sCD4) have been extensively characterized for more than 2 decades as promising inhibitors and components of vaccine immunogens. However, they were mostly based on the first two CD4 domains (D1D2), and numerous attempts to develop functional, high-affinity, stable soluble one-domain sCD4 (D1) have not been successful because of the strong interactions between the two domains. We have hypothesized that combining the power of structure-based design with sequential panning of large D1 mutant libraries against different HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins (Envs) and screening for soluble mutants could not only help solve the fundamental stability problem of isolated D1, but may also allow improvement of D1 affinity while preserving its cross-reactivity. By using this strategy, we identified two stable monomeric D1 mutants, mD1.1 and mD1.2, which were significantly more soluble and bound Env gp120s more strongly (50-fold) than D1D2, neutralized a panel of HIV-1 primary isolates from different clades more potently than D1D2, induced conformational changes in gp120, and sensitized HIV-1 for neutralization by CD4-induced antibodies. mD1.1 and mD1.2 exhibited much lower binding to human blood cell lines than D1D2; moreover, they preserved a β-strand secondary structure and stability against thermally induced unfolding, trypsin digestion, and degradation by human serum. Because of their superior properties, mD1.1 and mD1.2 could be potentially useful as candidate therapeutics, components of vaccine immunogens, and research reagents for exploration of HIV-1 entry and immune responses. Our approach could be applied to other cases where soluble isolated protein domains are needed.
A phase 1, multicenter, open-label, dose escalation study of elotuzumab in patients with advanced multiple myeloma (2011)

This multicenter, first-in-human study evaluated the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the anti-CS1 monoclonal antibody elotuzumab. A standard 3 + 3 design was used to determine maximum tolerated dose; dose-limiting toxicities were assessed during cycle 1. Thirty-five patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma were treated with intravenous elotuzumab at doses ranging from 0.5 to 20 mg/kg every 2 weeks. Patients who achieved at least stable disease after 4 treatments could receive another 4 treatments. No maximum tolerated dose was identified up to the maximum planned dose of 20 mg/kg. The most common adverse events, regardless of attribution, were cough, headache, back pain, fever, and chills. Adverse events were generally mild to moderate in severity, and adverse events attributed to study medication were primarily infusion-related. Plasma elotuzumab levels and terminal half-life increased with dose whereas clearance decreased, suggesting target-mediated clearance. CS1 on bone marrow-derived plasma cells was reliably saturated (≥ 95%) at the 10-mg/kg and 20-mg/kg dose levels. Using the European Group for Bone and Marrow Transplantation myeloma response criteria, 9 patients (26.5%) had stable disease. In summary, elotuzumab was generally well tolerated in this population, justifying further exploration of this agent in combination regimens.
Current concepts on the functional somatic syndromes and temporomandibular disorders. (2007)

Literature data suggest that FSS and TMD share many etiopathogenetic and epidemiological features, both groups of disorders having a multifactorial etiopathogenesis and needing a multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis and treatment. Psychosocial characteristics of patients seem to have many similarities and the prevalence of Axis I psychiatric disorders is elevated. The majority of studies focused on the relationship between TMD and fibromyalgia (FM), due to the high rate of orofacial involvement related to FM. Clinical implications. The presence of common features between TMD and FSS patient may suggest the need for changes in the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to TMD patients, with the introduction of treatment protocols which also address the psychosocial impairment accompanying TMD symptoms, in order to overcome the limits of traditional therapies.
IMPReSS: An Automated Production-Planning and Delivery-Quotation System at Harris Corporation—Semiconductor Sector (1996)

IMPReSS, an optimization-based production planning system at Harris Corporation's semiconductor sector, generates capacity-feasible production schedules for a worldwide manufacturing network and quotes product delivery dates in response to customer inquiries. The planning engine of IMPReSS is the Berkeley Planning System (BPS), which models the problem in a form that permits linear programming optimization. BPS embeds formulation techniques for planning the requirements of binning and substitutable products, for representing dynamic capacity consumption by reentrant process flows, and for developing multiple optimization calculations that reflect marketing priorities. It uses a heuristic decomposition strategy to break the overall problem into several manageable calculations. Its implementation raised on-time deliveries of line items from 75 to 95 percent without increasing inventories, enabled the sector to expand its markets and its market share, and helped move the sector from a loss of $75 million to profit of over $40 million annually.
Continuous In-Flight Synthesis for On-Demand Delivery of Ligand-Free Colloidal Gold Nanoparticles (2017)

We demonstrate an entirely new method of nanoparticle chemical synthesis based on liquid droplet irradiation with ultralow (<0.1 eV) energy electrons. While nanoparticle formation via high energy radiolysis or transmission electron microscopy-based electron bombardment is well-understood, we have developed a source of electrons with energies close to thermal which leads to a number of important and unique benefits. The charged species, including the growing nanoparticles, are held in an ultrathin surface reaction zone which enables extremely rapid precursor reduction. In a proof-of-principle demonstration, we obtain small-diameter Au nanoparticles (∼4 nm) with tight control of polydispersity, in under 150 μs. The precursor was almost completely reduced in this period, and the resultant nanoparticles were water-soluble and free of surfactant or additional ligand chemistry. Nanoparticle synthesis rates within the droplets were many orders of magnitude greater than equivalent rates reported for radiolysis, electron beam irradiation, or colloidal chemical synthesis where reaction times vary from seconds to hours. In our device, a stream of precursor loaded microdroplets, ∼15 μm in diameter, were transported rapidly through a cold atmospheric pressure plasma with a high charge concentration. A high electron flux, electron and nanoparticle confinement at the surface of the droplet, and the picoliter reactor volume are thought to be responsible for the remarkable enhancement in nanoparticle synthesis rates. While this approach exhibits considerable potential for scale-up of synthesis rates, it also offers the more immediate prospect of continuous on-demand delivery of high-quality nanomaterials directly to their point of use by avoiding the necessity of collection, recovery, and purification. A range of new applications can be envisaged, from theranostics and biomedical imaging in tissue to inline catalyst production for pollution remediation in automobiles.
Establishment and characterization of an Epstein-Barr virus (EBC)-negative lymphoblastoid B cell line (BJA-B) from an exceptional, EBV-genome-negative African Burkitt's lymphoma. (1975)

Vice President Roosevelt acknowledges Miss E. E. McCoy's letter and suggests that if she studies history deeply, she will "hardly find it possible" to answer such a question as she put to him.
Prospective Study of Coronary Heart Disease Incidence in Relation to Fasting Total Homocysteine, Related Genetic Polymorphisms, and B Vitamins (1998)

Our prospective findings add uncertainty to conclusions derived mostly from cross-sectional studies that tHcy is a major, independent, causative risk factor for CHD. Our findings point more strongly to the possibility that vitamin B6 offers independent protection. Randomized trials, some of which are under way, are needed to better clarify the interrelationships of tHcy, B vitamins, and cardiovascular disease.
Postural Effects on Pharyngeal Protective Reflex Mechanisms (2004)

We conclude that body posture does have an important impact on genioglossal responsiveness to negative pressure pulses during non-rapid eye movement sleep. We speculate that this mechanism works to prevent pharyngeal occlusion when the upper airway is most vulnerable to collapse eg, during supine sleep.
Efficiency of Non-Azeotropic Refrigerant Cycle (1998)

Xin Liu Carlyle Compressor Division Carrier Corporation 6500 Chrysler Drive syracuse, NY 13221 Many researchers have believed and claimed that the application of non-azeotropic refrigerants would increase air conditioning or heat pump cycle efficiency. Some of them have carried out experiments in order to confirm their belief, and especially to provide an approach to air conditioner or heat pump design for improving cycle efficiency by using non-azeotropic refrigerants. However, even though there are some successful claims, the real benefits have not materialized in the air-cooled commercial products. The question is why? Air conditioning and refrigeration machines can be divided into two types. One is watercooled machines and the other is air-cooled machines. The literature and some commercial products have shown that the efficiency of a water-cooled machine is improved by a nonazeotropic refrigerant cycle as compared to a pure or azeotropic refrigerant cycle. However, the results for the air-cooled machines are mixed. A close examination of the claims of success for the air-cooled machines suggests some problems with their results. The most common problem is defining the base line for comparison. Therefore, those claims may not do fair comparisons. The basic question goes back to the fundamental cycle analysis. The water source and indoor air are normally limited and thus it represents a finite heat source or sink. The out-door air is unlimited and it represents an infinite heat source or sink. For an infinite heat source or sink theoretically the temperature of the source or sink does not have to increase or decrease. Practically, the temperature change can be very small. For an infinite heat source or sink, the temperature glide associated with non-azeotropic refrigerants does not represent a benefit but a deterioration of cycle efficiency. Therefore, a non-azeotropic refrigerant provides benefits for water-cooled machine which have a finite heat source or sink. Those benefits would be reduced or even disappear for air-cooled machines due the outdoor air as an infinite heat source or sink. INTRODUCTION The concept of using a non-azeotropic refrigerant mixture can be traced back to the U.S. patent issued to Ashley et al. (I 949). The patent claimed that a refrigerant mixture with temperature glide would offer a process that involves no irreversible loss of thermal head since the vapor and the corresponding liquid phase are at each point in contact. There is a progressive interchange of the two components between the vapor and liquid phase which proceeds apace with the condensing action to maintain the vapor and liquid in equilibrium. After the patent, many researchers have tried to prove the claim of energy efficiency associated with nonazeotropic refrigerant mixtures and practitioners have tried to put it in work.
Oncolytic viral therapy for breast cancer with herpes simplex virus type 1 mutant HF 10 (2003)

HF10 demonstrated antitumor effects in our animal model. The viral growth and oncolytic effect of HF10 in the human breast cancer cell line suggest that HF10 is potentially effective in the clinical treatment of human cancer. These results indicate that replication-competent HSV-1 mutants hold significant promise as cancer therapeutic agents.
Cleavage Activation of the Human-Adapted Influenza Virus Subtypes by Matriptase Reveals both Subtype and Strain Specificities (2012)

Cleavage activation of the hemagglutinin (HA) precursor is an essential step in the influenza virus replication cycle that is driven by host cell proteases. HA cleavage activation is required for virus-endosome membrane fusion and the subsequent release of the influenza virus genome into the cytoplasm. Previous studies have determined that HA cleavage is most likely driven by either membrane-bound or extracellular trypsin-like proteases that reside in the respiratory tract. However, there is still uncertainty regarding which proteases are critical for HA cleavage in vivo. Therefore, further investigation of HA cleavage activation is needed in order to gain insight into the critical proteases involved. Matriptase is a member of the type II transmembrane serine protease family that is highly expressed in a membrane-bound form throughout the respiratory tract. One feature of matriptase is that, once activated, the catalytic domain is secreted into the extracellular space and so serves as a functional extracellular protease. In this study, we have determined that the secreted, catalytic domain of matriptase has the ability to cleave and activate HA from the influenza virus H1 subtype but not the H2 and H3 subtypes. Furthermore, matriptase selectively cleaved the HA of particular strains within the H1 subtype, revealing both subtype and H1 strain specificity. Matriptase was also found to activate thrombolytic zymogens that have been shown to cleave and activate the influenza virus HA. Our data demonstrate that matriptase has the ability to cleave HA directly or indirectly by activating HA-cleaving zymogens.
Iron oxide-loaded hollow mesoporous silica nanocapsules for controlled drug release and hyperthermia (2013)

Magnetic field-responsive iron oxide-loaded hollow mesoporous silica nanocapsules that exhibit high drug loading capacity were synthesized using polymer nanospheres as sacrificial templates. Due to their magnetic field induced heating and remotely triggered drug release capabilities, these hybrid nanomaterials provide an excellent platform for the combination of hyperthermia and chemotherapy.
Efficient differentiation of human iPSC‐derived mesenchymal stem cells to chondroprogenitor cells (2012)

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) hold tremendous potential for personalized cell-based repair strategies to treat musculoskeletal disorders. To establish human iPSCs as a potential source of viable chondroprogenitors for articular cartilage repair, we assessed the in vitro chondrogenic potential of the pluripotent population versus an iPSC-derived mesenchymal-like progenitor population. We found the direct plating of undifferentiated iPSCs into high-density micromass cultures in the presence of BMP-2 promoted chondrogenic differentiation, however these conditions resulted in a mixed population of cells resembling the phenotype of articular cartilage, transient cartilage, and fibrocartilage. The progenitor cells derived from human iPSCs exhibited immunophenotypic features of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and developed along multiple mesenchymal lineages, including osteoblasts, adipocytes, and chondrocytes in vitro. The data indicate the derivation of a mesenchymal stem cell population from human iPSCs is necessary to limit culture heterogeneity as well as chondrocyte maturation in the differentiated progeny. Moreover, as compared to pellet culture differentiation, BMP-2 treatment of iPSC-derived MSC-like (iPSC-MSC) micromass cultures resulted in a phenotype more typical of articular chondrocytes, characterized by the enrichment of cartilage-specific type II collagen (Col2a1), decreased expression of type I collagen (Col1a1) as well as lack of chondrocyte hypertrophy. These studies represent a first step toward identifying the most suitable iPSC progeny for developing cell-based approaches to repair joint cartilage damage.
3D microscopy of transparent objects using third‐harmonic generation (1998)

It is demonstrated that third-harmonic generation (THG) near interfaces in the refractive index or the third-order nonlinear susceptibility (chi(3)) permits three-dimensional imaging of transparent objects. The nonlinear dependence of THG on the excitation power provides inherent optical sectioning. At the same time, the nonresonant nature of THG, in combination with the near-IR excitation wavelengths used (1-2 µm), render this technique potentially (biologically) nondamaging and nonbleaching. A specific property of THG imaging is its sensitivity to - and potential use for imaging of - the relative orientation of interfaces with respect to the axis of propagation of the excitation radiation.
Evaluation of Cationic Water-Soluble Polymers With Improved Thermal Stability (2005)

Abstract Acrylamide-based water-soluble polymers are used in operations such as drilling, water flooding and water conformance. A drawback of these polymers is that the primary amide group is sensitive to hydrolysis at elevated temperatures. This fact sometimes becomes a problem in deep reservoirs, because the solutions properties change when the degree of hydrolysis of the polymer increases and, in a media of high salinity and water hardness, the precipitation of the polymer may occur. To improve the thermal stability different copolymers have been prepared. The comonomers used for this purpose are mainly N-alkyl substituted acrylamide derivatives and of particular importance N-vinyl pyrrolidone (NVP). The aim of the present work is to evaluate the improvement of the thermal stability of cationic water-soluble polymers based on acrylamide when NVP is introduced as a comonomer, in order to know the amount and kind of incorporation of NVP required to get a polymer useful for applications under severe conditions of temperature. Several copolymers and terpolymers of acrylamide, a cationic monomer and NVP were prepared. The products were evaluated in terms of the thermal stability of the primary amide group and the fraction of retention of the intrinsic viscosity in aging tests at 248°F. The introduction of NVP limited the hydrolysis of the primary amide groups. When the content of NVP increased in the terpolymers the hydrolysis degree reached after the aging was lower. In addition, the distribution of the monomers in the polymer chain also showed an influence in the improvement of the thermal stability. The results made possible to suggest a mechanism for the stabilization of the amide group by NVP. These results provide information to prepare a cationic water-soluble polymer that could be used for applications where severe temperature conditions are expected.
Recombination Induced by Triple-Helix-Targeted DNA Damage in Mammalian Cells (1996)

Gene therapy has been hindered by the low frequency of homologous recombination in mammalian cells. To stimulate recombination, we investigated the use of triple-helix-forming oligonucleotides (TFOs) to target DNA damage to a selected site within cells. By treating cells with TFOs linked to psoralen, recombination was induced within a simian virus 40 vector carrying two mutant copies of the supF tRNA reporter gene. Gene conversion events, as well as mutations at the target site, were also observed. The variety of products suggests that multiple cellular pathways can act on the targeted damage, and data showing that the triple helix can influence these pathways are presented. The ability to specifically induce recombination or gene conversion within mammalian cells by using TFOs may provide a new research tool and may eventually lead to novel applications in gene therapy.
Effect of Dinitroanilines on Solanaceous Vegetables and Soil Fungi (1972)

The phytotoxicities of four substituted dinitroanilines, N -butyl- N -ethyl-α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro- p -toluidine (benefin), 2,6-dinitro- N,N -dipropylcumidine (isopropalin), 4-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dinitro- N,N -dipropylaniline (nitralin), and α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro- N,N -dipropyl- p -toluidine (trifluralin), to eggplant (Solarium melongena L. ‘Black Beauty’), pepper (Capsicum annuum L. ‘Vindale’), and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ‘VF 145-B-7879′) were studied. Nitralin and trifluralin were most active in inhibiting root elongation and top growth of these plants, the effect of benefin was intermediate, and isopropalin was the least active herbicide. The order of crop tolerance was as follows: tomato &gt; pepper &gt; eggplant. The effect of these herbicides on two pathogenic fungi, Rhizoctonia solani Kuehn and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Sacc.) Snyd. and Hans. was tested in culture and was found to be quantitatively and qualitatively different from that on plants. With both fungi benefin and trifluralin were more toxic than isopropalin, while nitralin showed a very low toxicity. R. solani was the less sensitive fungus.