gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Autonomous and nonautonomous Notch functions for embryonic muscle and epidermis development in <i>Drosophila</i> (1996)

The Notch (N) gene encodes a cell signaling protein that mediates neuronal and epidermal determination in Drosophila embryos. N also regulates several aspects of myogenic development; embryos lacking N function have too many muscle founder cells and fail to properly differentiate somatic muscle. To identify cell-autonomous requirements for Notch function during muscle development, we expressed a Notch minigene in the mesoderm, but not in the ectoderm, of amorphic N-embryos. In these embryos, muscle founder hypertrophy is rescued, indicating that Notch is autonomously required by mesoderm cells to regulate the proper number of muscle founders. However, somatic muscle differentiation is only partially normalized, suggesting that Notch is also required in the ectoderm for proper muscle development. Additionally, mesodermal expression of Notch partially rescues epidermal development in overlying neurogenic ectoderm. This is unexpected, since previous studies suggest that Notch is autonomously required by proneural ectoderm cells for epidermal development. Mesodermal expression of a truncated Notch protein lacking the extracellular domain does not rescue ventral epidermis, suggesting that the extra-cellular domain of Notch can non-autonomously rescue epidermal development across germ layers.
Directional degradation of β‐chitin by chitinase A1 revealed by a novel reducing end labelling technique (2001)

A novel procedure for labelling the molecular ends of beta-chitin crystals has been established. By introducing a hydrazide derivative of biotin at the reducing end of a chitin chain, followed by a specific interaction between biotin and streptavidin coupled with a colloidal gold particle, the chain directionality of beta-chitin microcrystals could be directly visualized by transmission electron microscopy. This method allowed to certify the parallelism of the chitin chains in the beta-chitin microcrystals, and also to label the reducing tips of beta-chitin microcrystals degraded by Bacillus circulans chitinase A1. With these substrates, the labelling occurred only at their tapered tip, which indicates that the digestion of these crystals proceeded from their reducing end. The generalization of this new labelling method to other polysaccharide crystals is discussed.
Complexes of HLA-G Protein on the Cell Surface Are Important for Leukocyte Ig-Like Receptor-1 Function (2003)

The nonclassical class I MHC molecule HLA-G is selectively expressed on extravillous cytotrophoblast cells at the maternal-fetal interface during pregnancy. HLA-G can inhibit the killing mediated by NK cells via interaction with the inhibitory NK cell receptor, leukocyte Ig-like receptor-1 (LIR-1). Comparison of the sequence of the HLA-G molecule to other class I MHC proteins revealed two unique cysteine residues located in positions 42 and 147. Mutating these cysteine residues resulted in a dramatic decrease in LIR-1 Ig binding. Accordingly, the mutated HLA-G transfectants were less effective in the inhibition of NK killing and RBL/LIR-1 induced serotonin release. Immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated the involvement of the cysteine residues in the formation of HLA-G protein oligomers on the cell surface. The cysteine residue located at position 42 is shown to be critical for the expression of such complexes. These oligomers, unique among the class I MHC proteins, probably bind to LIR-1 with increased avidity, resulting in an enhanced inhibitory function of LIR-1 and an impaired killing function of NK cells.
Flow field-flow fractionation: new method for separating, purifying, and characterizing the diffusivity of viruses (1977)

The nature and theory of flow field-flow fractionation is described, and its potential applicability to virus-like particles is discussed. Different virus types are shown to be retained at different levels. Retention can be controlled by variation of the experimental parameters, in good agreement with theory. However, a mild adsorption effect is indicated and requires the development of alternate strategies for measuring diffusion coefficients. For Qbeta, our value agrees well within 10% of literature values; the values obtained for other viruses, using Abeta as an internal standard, are untested. Finally, it is demonstrated that flow field-flow fractionation can cleanly fractionate two viruses from one another and from an albumin impurity, that samples as large as several milligrams in size can be analyzed, and that the method has potential utility in the quantitative and qualitative analysis of virus systems.
Comparison of Trembler and Trembler-J Mouse Phenotypes (1983)

Trembler (Tr) is an autosomal dominant mutation which produces hypomyelination and demyelination in the mouse peripheral nervous system. This paper compares the genetic, behavioral, and pathological aspects of trembler-J, (TrJ) to those of the original Tr mutation. We found that TrJ was tightly linked on chromosome 11 to vestigial tail, vt, as is Tr. Most TrJ/? animals were more mildly affected behaviorally and pathologically than Tr/? animals. Tr/? animals were rather uniformly affected. In contrast, with matings of mildly affected TrJ/? (putative TrJ/+) animals to each other, and not with matings of putative TrJ/+ X +/+, some offspring, putative homozygotes, TrJ/TrJ, were more severely affected behaviorally and had more extreme peripheral hypomyelination than any Tr/? animals. In spite of their differences, Tr/?, putative TrJ/+, and putative TrJ/TrJ animals shared a failure or marked delay of Schwann cells to progress from the stage of axonal ensheathment in a 1:1 relationship to myelination. We conclude that Tr and TrJ are probably allelic, and that despite their phenotypic differences, their actions are fundamentally similar. While Tr is a dominant, we believe that TrJ behaves as a semidominant, which in homozygotes, TrJ/TrJ, produces the most severe heritable peripheral myelin deficiency hitherto described.
A new class of oxotechnetium(5+) chelate complexes containing a TcON2S2 core (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA new class of oxotechnetium(5+) chelate complexes containing a TcON2S2 coreAlan. Davison, Alun G. Jones, Chris. Orvig, and Miriam. SohnCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1981, 20, 6, 1629–1632Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50220a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50220a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views215Altmetric-Citations114LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Solvent-assisted Ullmann ether synthesis. Reactions of dihydric phenols (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolvent-assisted Ullmann ether synthesis. Reactions of dihydric phenolsAlbert Lloyd Williams, R. E. Kinney, and Robert F. BridgerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1967, 32, 8, 2501–2505Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01283a030https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01283a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1016Altmetric-Citations72LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Rapid screening for bacterial contamination of blood products Schnellverfahren zum Nachweis bakterieller Kontaminationen bei Blutprodukten (2006)

Abstract Many techniques have been explored to detect bacteria in blood products in order to prevent transfusion-related bacteria contamination (TRBC) and transmission. In a simple way, these techniques may be divided into two groups based on their rapidity to obtain the test result. The culture methods require from several hours to several days to get the final result; the rapid methods require from several minutes to a few hours to detect bacteria in blood products. It is usually stated that the rapid methods have a strong advantage by providing rapid results, but they are also complex and require well trained technicians. By contrast, culture methods are easy to handle but results are available with a certain delay. Today, three devices are commercially available to screen blood components. The BacT/ALERT (Biomérieux) and the eBDS device (Pall) are both automated culture systems based on the measurement of a change in the gas concentration due to bacterial metabolism. The Scansystem™ (Hemosystem) belongs to the second group of methods. It is a fluorescence-based bacteria detection performed in 70 min. Other rapid techniques are being developed, such as flow cytometry or polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Based on their sensitivity and specificity, the intended use of these bacterial detection methods varies from early testing to release a safe product, to late testing close to the transfusion time (point-of-care testing “POCT”) to guarantee a safe transfusion.
Nucleoside analogue-associated peripheral neuropathy in human immunodeficiency virus infection. (1995)

Peripheral nerve disorders are among the most common neurological complications of HIV disease. Distal sensory polyneuropathy (DSP) is the most common form of neuropathy in patients with AIDS and can be caused by diverse mechanisms, including infectious, metabolic, inflammatory, nutritional, and toxic factors. Antiretroviral agents may cause or contribute to HIV-related DSP. Recognition of peripheral neuropathy has become increasingly important as more patients receive nucleoside analogue agents for the treatment of HIV disease. It is crucial to correctly distinguish between the neuropathies caused by toxic effects of nucleoside analogues and those that are primarily related to underlying HIV disease, because timely diagnosis and proper treatment of peripheral neuropathies may allow the continuation of antiretroviral therapy as well as improve the quality of life. The identification and treatment of peripheral neuropathies associated with use of the nucleoside drugs zalcitabine (ddC), didanosine (ddI), and stavudine (d4T) are reviewed.
Most peripheral B cells in mice are ligand selected. (1991)

Using amplified cDNA and genomic libraries, we have analyzed the VH gene repertoire of pre-B cells and various B cell subsets of conventional mice at the level of VH genes belonging to the J558 VH gene family. The sequence data were evaluated on the basis of a newly established list of 67 J558 VH genes that comprise approximately two-thirds of the J558 VH genes of the murine IgHb haplotype. The results of the analysis demonstrate that VH gene utilization in pre-B cells, although biased to some extent by B cell autonomous VH gene selection, scatters over the whole range of J558 VH genes present in the germline. In contrast, in mature, peripheral B cells comprising long-lived mu + delta high B cells as well as Ly-1 B cells, small overlapping sets of germline VH genes are dominantly expressed. The data indicate that the recruitment of newly generated B cells into the long-lived peripheral B cell pool is mediated through positive selection by internal and/or external antigens. Because of the absence of immunoglobulin class switching and somatic hypermutation, this process is different from the selection of memory B cells in T cell-dependent immune responses.
Chroma-Based Estimation Of Musical Key From Audio-Signal Analysis. (2006)

[TODO] Add abstract here.
Phosphorylation Modulates the Function of the Calcium Release Channel of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum from Cardiac Muscle (1995)

The cardiac calcium release channel (CRC) of sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles was incorporated into planar lipid membranes to evaluate modulation of channel activity by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. For this purpose a microsyringe application directly to the membrane was used to achieve sequential and multiple treatments of channels with highly purified kinases and phosphatases. Cyclic application of protein kinase A (PKA) or Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CalPK) and potato acid phosphatase or protein phosphatase 1 revealed a channel block by Mg2+ (-mM), that is referable to dephosphorylated states of the channel, and that the Mg2+ block could be removed by phosphorylation of the CRC by either PKA or CalPK. By contrast, activation of endogenous CalPK (end CalPK) led to channel closure which could be reversed by dephosphorylation using potato acid phosphatase or protein phosphatase 1. Calmodulin by itself (which activates end CalPK in the presence of MgATP) blocks the channel in the dephosphorylated state, which can be overcome by treatment with CalPK but not PKA. Our findings reveal important insights regarding channel regulation of the ryanodine receptor: 1) the calcium release channel must be phosphorylated to be in the active state at conditions approximating physiological Mg2+ concentrations (-mM); and 2) there are multiple sites of phosphorylation on the calcium release channel with different functional consequences, which may be relevant to the regulation of E-C coupling. Phosphorylation of the CRC may be involved in recruitment of active channels, and/or it may be directly involved in each Ca2+ contraction cycle of the heart. For example, Ca2+ release may require phosphorylation of the CRC by protein kinases at sites which overcome the block by Mg2+. Inactivation may involve CRC block by calmodulin and/or phosphorylation by endogenous CalPK at the junctional face membrane.
Hematopathology in Oncology (2004)

Hematologist/oncologists rely heavily upon the discipline of hematopathology for the care and management of their patients. Whether interpreting a lymph node or bone marrow biopsy, directing a high throughput automated hematology laboratory, or translating testing modalities from the research bench to the clinical laboratory, hematopathologists and other laboratory medicine specialists provide a steady stream of critical data for the clinical practitioner. Recently the rapid advances in diagnosis and treatment of hematological disorders including the need to evaluate patients' eligibility for and monitor responses to rapidly evolving targeted therapies have made the close collaboration between pathologists and clinician practitioners even more essential. Our goal is to provide outstanding reviews of selected topics in hematopathology in a format that provides both general and historical background, as well as an overview of the state-of-the-art in diagnostic hematopathology, with an eye on future potential and future developments
Blind carrier frequency offset estimation for OFDMA-based wireless networks (2005)

Orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) is a promising multiuser access scheme. In this paper, we develop a low-complexity blind carrier frequency offset (CFO) estimator/or OFDMA-based wireless networks. A random frequency hopping/user permutation scheme is adopted to mitigate the effects of multipath fading and multiuser interference. The performance of this novel CFO estimator is tested via simulations and compared with existing blind CFO estimators.
Acetyl‐11‐keto‐β‐boswellic acid (AKBA): structure requirements for binding and 5‐lipoxygenase inhibitory activity (1996)

1. 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LOX) products from endogenous arachidonic acid in ionophore-stimulated peritoneal polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) and from exogenous substrate (20 microM) in 105,000 g supernatants were measured. 2. The effects of natural pentacyclic triterpenes and their derivatives on 5-LOX activity were compared with the inhibitory action of acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid (AKBA), which has been previously shown to inhibit the 5-LOX by a selective, enzyme-directed, non-redox and non-competitive mechanism. 3. The 5-LOX inhibitory potency of AKBA was only slightly diminished by deacetylation of the acetoxy group or reduction of the carboxyl function to alcohol in intact cells (IC50 = 1.5 vs. 3 and 4.5 microM, respectively) and in the cell-free system (8 vs. 20 and 45 microM). 4. beta-Boswellic acid (beta-BA), lacking the 11-keto function, inhibited 5-LOX only partially and incompletely, whereas the corresponding alcohol from beta-BA, as well as amyrin, acetyl-11-keto-amyrin, 11-keto-beta-boswellic acid methyl ester had no 5-LOX inhibitory activity up to 50 microM in either system. 5. beta-BA only partially prevented the AKBA-induced 5-LOX inhibition, whereas the non-inhibitory compounds, amyrin and acetyl-11-keto-amyrin, almost totally antagonized the AKBA effect and shifted the concentration-inhibition curve for the incomplete inhibitor beta-BA to the right. In contrast, the non-inhibitory 11-keto-beta-BA methyl ester exerted no antagonizing effect. 6. The results demonstrate that the pentacyclic triterpene ring system is crucial for binding to the highly selective effector site, whereas functional groups (especially the 11-keto function in addition to a hydrophilic group on C4 of ring A) are essential for 5-LOX inhibitory activity.
Wavefront control of SiO_2-based ultraviolet narrow-bandpass filters prepared by plasma ion-assisted deposition (2007)

Metal oxide layers produced by plasma ion-assisted deposition are extensively used for complex optical coatings due to the availability of materials, the high packing density of films, and the smooth surfaces. Stringent optical surface figure specifications necessary for both laser optics and precision optics require film stress to be well-controlled and surface deformation to be corrected or compensated. SiO(2)- based single-cavity UV narrow-bandpass filters were prepared by plasma ion-assisted deposition. The correlation between film stress, refractive index, deposition parameters, and postdeposition annealing was established. The film stress was calculated based on interferometric surface deformation. The refractive index and film thickness were determined by means of variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry. The center wavelength of the filters was obtained through spectral transmission measurement. The results suggest that the wavefront distortion of the multilayer coatings is dominated by the compressive stress of the SiO(2) layers and can be controlled and corrected by the amount of plasma ion momentum transfer, substrate temperature, postdeposition annealing, and stress compensation via backside SiO(2) coating. Based on the understanding of the mechanical and optical properties, the wavefront correction technique enables us to satisfy stringent surface figure specifications.
Multiple forms of angiostatin induce apoptosis in endothelial cells. (1998)

Angiostatin is a circulating inhibitor of angiogenesis generated by proteolytic cleavage of plasminogen. In this study we have used recombinant human and murine angiostatins (kringles 1-4) as well as native human angiostatin (prepared by elastase digestion of plasminogen [kringles 1-3] or by plasmin autocatalysis in the presence of a free sulfhydryl donor [kringles 1-4]). We report that angiostatin reduces endothelial cell number in a 4-day proliferation assay without affecting cell cycle progression into S-phase (as determined by bromodeoxyuridine labeling). This suggested that the reduction in cell number in the proliferation assay might in part be due to cytotoxicity. This was confirmed by the observation that ethidium homodimer incorporation (a measure of plasma membrane integrity) into endothelial cells was increased by angiostatin in a manner similar to that seen with tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), both of which induce apoptosis in endothelial cells. In contrast to TNF- and TGF-beta1, angiostatin did not induce cytotoxicity in human MRC-5 fibroblast, rat smooth muscle, canine MDCK epithelial, or murine B16-F10 melanoma cell lines. Angiostatin-induced apoptosis was confirmed by endothelial cell nuclear acridine orange incorporation as well as by annexin V and TUNEL staining. These in vitro findings point to endothelial cell apoptosis as a mechanism for the antiangiogenic effect of angiostatin in vivo.
Mechanisms and Mitochondrial Redox Signaling in Photobiomodulation (2017)

Photobiomodulation (PBM) involves the use of red or near-infrared light at low power densities to produce a beneficial effect on cells or tissues. PBM therapy is used to reduce pain, inflammation, edema, and to regenerate damaged tissues such as wounds, bones, and tendons. The primary site of light absorption in mammalian cells has been identified as the mitochondria and, more specifically, cytochrome c oxidase (CCO). It is hypothesized that inhibitory nitric oxide can be dissociated from CCO, thus restoring electron transport and increasing mitochondrial membrane potential. Another mechanism involves activation of light or heat-gated ion channels. This review will cover the redox signaling that occurs in PBM and examine the difference between healthy and stressed cells, where PBM can have apparently opposite effects. PBM has a marked effect on stem cells, and this is proposed to operate via mitochondrial redox signaling. PBM can act as a preconditioning regimen and can interact with exercise on muscles.