gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selective One-pot Synthesis of Facial Tris-ortho-metalated Iridium(III) Complexes Using Microwave Irradiation (2003)

Abstract We report on a novel synthesis method for the production of two facial tris-ortho-metalated iridium(III) complexes, fac-[Ir(ppy)3] (1a; ppyH = 2-phenylpyridine) and fac-[Ir(tpy)3] (1b; tpyH = 2-(p-tolyl)pyridine), by the reaction of IrCl3·3H2O with a large excess of the corresponding 2-arylpyridine under microwave irradiation. The method does not require a dehalogenating reagent such as AgCF3SO3, and facial tris-ortho-metalated iridium(III) complexes can be obtained rapidly, selectively and efficiently.
Internet connectivity for mobile ad hoc networks (2002)

Abstract The need for ad hoc networks arises when a number of mobile nodes gather in one particular location and form autonomous networks. Ad hoc networks can be adjoined to the Internet, introducing routing and addressing issues that require new features from ad hoc networking protocols. The Internet Gateway can offer global addressability and bidirectional Internet connectivity to every node in the ad hoc network. This can be done in such a way that mobile wireless nodes can migrate between wireless access points that have direct access to the wired Internet and the wireless ad hoc networks that do not have any such local access point infrastructure. Mobile IP can be employed to make such movement seamless (whenever physically possible), even though it occurs between domains with previously incompatible routing models. We believe that IPv6 and Mobile IPv6 afford important advantages for making such attachments, especially regarding router advertisement and address autoconfiguration. In this paper, we show how general ad hoc networks can be connected to the Internet by Internet Gateways, and then describe our specific experiments with Ad hoc On‐Demand Distance Vector Routing (AODV) for IPv6 (AODV6). After demonstrating the basic principles allowing access to the Internet, we then detail our further experiments using Mobile IPv6. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
A high capacity, high performance, small form factor magnetic tape storage system (1990)

A serpentine tape storage system using multichannel linear recording specifically addressing high-data-rate applications has been developed. It is a 5 1/4 in full-height form-factor drive including the controller, with a capacity of 2 GByte, which can be read or written in 11 min at a sustained data rate of 3 Mbyte/s. The system incorporates several significant technological advances, including a new read-while-write thin-film magnetoresistive read inductive write head, a new quarter-inch tape cartridge, and a heavily equalized data channel. A two-dimensional Reed-Solomon code is used to provide an error rate of <10/sup -14/. Write and read equalization are used to achieve excellent phase margins at 80 kb/in.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Asymmetric Allyl- and Crotylboration with the Robust, Versatile, and Recyclable 10-TMS-9-borabicyclo[3.3.2]decanes (2005)

The remarkable versatility and selectivity of the 10-(trimethylsilyl)-9-borabicyclo[3.3.2]decanes (10-TMS-9-BBDs) in the allyl- and crotylboration of representative aldehydes are reported. The new reagents are prepared through air-stable crystalline pseudoephedrine borinic ester complexes of the 10-TMS-9-BBDs (4), which are available in 63% overall yield from B-MeO-9-BBN through a simple two-step procedure. These complexes 4 are directly converted to the corresponding B-allyl-10-TMS-9-BBDs (1) with allylmagnesium bromide, which either can be isolated (98%) or used in situ for the allylations. The remarkable enantioselectivity (96 to > or =99% ee) of these reagents in the rapid (<3 h), asymmetric allylboration process at -78 degrees C is only slightly diminished when it is conducted at 25 degrees C, a phenomenon attributable to its rigid bicyclic structure. In addition to providing the homoallylic alcohols 6 efficiently (68-80%), the procedure also permits the efficient recovery of 4 (68-84%) for the direct regeneration of 1. Alternatively, an oxidative workup procedure can be used for the preparation of 6. The reagent gives predictable stereochemistry and exhibits an extremely high level of reagent control in the allylboration of d-glyceraldehyde acetonide. A simple and efficient procedure has been developed for the preparation of all four geometric and enantiomeric isomers of the B-crotyl-10-TMS-9-BBDs (10) from optically pure enantiomers of B-MeO-10-TMS-9-BBD (3). These reagents 10 also add rapidly (<3 h) and efficiently to representative aldehydes at -78 degrees C, providing ready access to all four of the possible stereoisomers of the beta-methyl homoallylic alcohols 12-15 (69-92%) in high dr (> or =98:2) and ee (94-99%).
Design and Synthesis of a Series of (2<i>R</i>)-<i>N</i><sup>4</sup>-Hydroxy-2-(3-hydroxybenzyl)-<i>N</i>- [(1<i>S</i>,2<i>R</i>)-2-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1<i>H</i>-inden- 1-yl]butanediamide Derivatives as Potent, Selective, and Orally Bioavailable Aggrecanase Inhibitors (2001)

A pharmacophore model of the P1' site, specific for aggrecanase, was defined using the specificity studies of the matrix metalloproteinases and the similar biological activity of aggrecanase and MMP-8. Incorporation of the side chain of a tyrosine residue into compound 1 as the P1' group provided modest selectivity for aggrecanase over MMP-1, -2, and -9. A cis-(1S)(2R)-amino-2-indanol scaffold was incorporated as a tyrosine mimic (P2') to conformationally constrain 2. Further optimization resulted in compound 11, a potent, selective, and orally bioavailable inhibitor of aggrecanase.
Vitamin D: its role and uses in immunology <sup>1</sup> (2001)

In recent years there has been an effort to understand possible noncalcemic roles of vitamin D, including its role in the immune system and, in particular, on T cell-medicated immunity. Vitamin D receptor is found in significant concentrations in the T lymphocyte and macrophage populations. However, its highest concentration is in the immature immune cells of the thymus and the mature CD-8 T lymphocytes. The significant role of vitamin D compounds as selective immunosuppressants is illustrated by their ability to either prevent or markedly suppress animal models of autoimmune disease. Results show that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 can either prevent or markedly suppress experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, type I diabetes, and inflammatory bowel disease. In almost every case, the action of the vitamin D hormone requires that the animals be maintained on a normal or high calcium diet. Possible mechanisms of suppression of these autoimmune disorders by the vitamin D hormone have been presented. The vitamin D hormone stimulates transforming growth factor TGFbeta-1 and interleukin 4 (IL-4) production, which in turn may suppress inflammatory T cell activity. In support of this, the vitamin D hormone is unable to suppress a murine model of the human disease multiple sclerosis in IL-4-deficient mice. The results suggest an important role for vitamin D in autoimmune disorders and provide a fertile and interesting area of research that may yield important new therapies.
Prevalence of insulin resistance in metabolic disorders: the Bruneck Study. (1998)

The prevalence of insulin resistance in the most common metabolic disorders is still an undefined issue. We assessed the prevalence rates of insulin resistance in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), NIDDM, dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia, and hypertension as identified within the frame of the Bruneck Study. The study comprised an age- and sex-stratified random sample of the general population (n = 888; aged 40-79 years). Insulin resistance was estimated by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA(IR)), preliminarily validated against a euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp in 85 subjects. The lower limit of the top quintile of HOMA(IR) distribution (i.e., 2.77) in nonobese subjects with no metabolic disorders (n = 225) was chosen as the threshold for insulin resistance. The prevalence of insulin resistance was 65.9% in IGT subjects, 83.9% in NIDDM subjects, 53.5% in hypercholesterolemia subjects, 84.2% in hypertriglyceridemia subjects, 88.1% in subjects with low HDL cholesterol, 62.8% in hyperuricemia subjects, and 58.0% in hypertension subjects. The prevalence of insulin resistance in subjects with the combination of glucose intolerance (IGT or NIDDM), dyslipidemia (hypercholesterolemia and/or hypertriglyceridemia and/or low HDL cholesterol), hyperuricemia, and hypertension (n = 21) was 95.2%. In isolated hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, or hyperuricemia, prevalence rates of insulin resistance were not higher than that in nonobese normal subjects. An appreciable number of subjects (n = 85, 9.6% of the whole population) was insulin resistant but free of IGT, NIDDM, dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia, and hypertension. These results from a population-based study documented that 1) in hypertriglyceridemia and a low HDL cholesterol state, insulin resistance is as common as in NIDDM, whereas it is less frequent in hypercholesterolemia, hyperuricemia, and hypertension; 2) the vast majority of subjects with multiple metabolic disorders are insulin resistant; 3) in isolated hypercholesterolemia, hyperuricemia, or hypertension, insulin resistance is not more frequent than can be expected by chance alone; and 4) in the general population, insulin resistance can be found even in the absence of any major metabolic disorders.
Chromatofocusing of peptides and proteins using linear pH gradients formed on strong ion‐exchange adsorbents (2004)

Although it is commonly believed that a column packing used for chromatofocusing must have an "even" buffering capacity in order to produce a linear pH gradient, it is demonstrated here that linear pH gradients suitable for chromatofocusing can be produced on a column packing having a minimal buffering capacity. In particular, if either a strong-acid cation-exchange column packing or a strong-base anion-exchange column packing is presaturated with either a weak acid titrated with a strong base, or a weak base titrated with a strong acid, respectively, to the initial pH, then a linear or nearly linear pH gradient can be formed using a polyampholyte elution buffer by taking advantage of the presence of small quantities of weak-acid or weak-base functional groups that generally exist on these types of column packings. Experimental and theoretical studies are used to demonstrate that such systems have potential advantages over traditional chromatofocusing methods in terms of the speed of the separation, the resolution achieved, and the range of applications possible. Among other techniques described, a method for separating tryptic peptides using chromatofocusing and a strong-acid cation-exchange column packing is demonstrated to be a useful alternative to capillary isoelectric focusing and ion-exchange chromatography using a salt gradient for this purpose.
Hybrid referenceless and multibaseline subtraction MR thermometry for monitoring thermal therapies in moving organs (2010)

This new hybrid method for MR thermometry in moving organs combines the strengths of both multi-baseline subtraction and referenceless thermometry and overcomes their fundamental weaknesses.
Anthracycline Chemotherapy and Cardiotoxicity (2017)

Anthracycline chemotherapy maintains a prominent role in treating many forms of cancer. Cardiotoxic side effects limit their dosing and improved cancer outcomes expose the cancer survivor to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The basic mechanisms of cardiotoxicity may involve direct pathways for reactive oxygen species generation and topoisomerase 2 as well as other indirect pathways. Cardioprotective treatments are few and those that have been examined include renin angiotensin system blockade, beta blockers, or the iron chelator dexrazoxane. New treatments exploiting the ErbB or other novel pro-survival pathways, such as conditioning, are on the cardioprotection horizon. Even in the forthcoming era of targeted cancer therapies, the substantial proportion of today's anthracycline-treated cancer patients may become tomorrow's cardiac patient.
Self‐Reported Flushing and Genotypes of ALDH2, ADH2, and ADH3 among Taiwanese Han (1998)

The aims of this study are to investigate whether self-reported facial flushing postalcohol consumption (PAC) among subjects with ALDH2*1/*1 can be attributed to ADH2 or ADH3 and whether the prediction of ALDH2 genotype can be improved by examining the combination of flushing and other accompanying reactions of PAC sensitivity. Fifty-eight subjects of Han ancestry in Taiwan were interviewed for alcohol-sensitivity reactions and their blood samples were genotyped for ALDH2, ADH2, and ADH3. For subjects with ALDH2*1/*1 (n = 46), 70% reported to have no flushing PAC and 30% reported flushing PAC. When subjects with ALDH2*1/*1 had ADH2*1/*1 (n = 11), all reported to have no flushing; otherwise, 35% (for ADH2*1/*2, n = 17) and 44% (for ADH2*2/*2, n = 18) reported flushing. For subjects with ALDH2*1/*1 and at least one ADH2*2 allele, the genotype of ADH3 was not associated with self-reported flushing. PAC flushers with ALDH2*1/*1 (50%) were more likely to report nausea than those with ALDH2*1/*2 (8%). The probability of ALDH2*1/*1 given flushing reported was 0.29, while the probability of ALDH2*1/*1 given both flushing and nausea reported was 0.71. The results indicate that self-reported flushing is determined by both ALDH2 and ADH2 and that prediction of ALDH2 genotype on the basis of self-reported flushing and nausea can help identify subjects at increased risk for alcoholism.
GABA<sub>B</sub> receptor is a novel drug target for pancreatic cancer (2007)

The data suggest the stimulation of GABA B R signaling as a novel target for the treatment and prevention of pancreatic cancer.
PIXHAWK: A system for autonomous flight using onboard computer vision (2011)

We provide a novel hardware and software system for micro air vehicles (MAV) that allows high-speed, low-latency onboard image processing. It uses up to four cameras in parallel on a miniature rotary wing platform. The MAV navigates based on onboard processed computer vision in GPS-denied in- and outdoor environments. It can process in parallel images and inertial measurement information from multiple cameras for multiple purposes (localization, pattern recognition, obstacle avoidance) by distributing the images on a central, low-latency image hub. Furthermore the system can utilize low-bandwith radio links for communication and is designed and optimized to scale to swarm use. Experimental results show successful flight with a range of onboard computer vision algorithms, including localization, obstacle avoidance and pattern recognition.
Dangerous Skills: Understanding and Mitigating Security Risks of Voice-Controlled Third-Party Functions on Virtual Personal Assistant Systems (2019)

Virtual personal assistants (VPA) (e.g., Amazon Alexa and Google Assistant) today mostly rely on the voice channel to communicate with their users, which however is known to be vulnerable, lacking proper authentication (from the user to the VPA). A new authentication challenge, from the VPA service to the user, has emerged with the rapid growth of the VPA ecosystem, which allows a third party to publish a function (called skill) for the service and therefore can be exploited to spread malicious skills to a large audience during their interactions with smart speakers like Amazon Echo and Google Home. In this paper, we report a study that concludes such remote, large-scale attacks are indeed realistic. We discovered two new attacks: voice squatting in which the adversary exploits the way a skill is invoked (e.g., ``open capital one''), using a malicious skill with a similarly pronounced name (e.g., ``capital won'') or a paraphrased name (e.g., ``capital one please'') to hijack the voice command meant for a legitimate skill (e.g., ``capital one''), and voice masquerading in which a malicious skill impersonates the VPA service or a legitimate skill during the user's conversation with the service to steal her personal information. These attacks aim at the way VPAs work or the user's misconceptions about their functionalities, and are found to pose a realistic threat by our experiments (including user studies and real-world deployments) on Amazon Echo and Google Home. The significance of our findings has already been acknowledged by Amazon and Google, and further evidenced by the risky skills found on Alexa and Google markets by the new squatting detector we built. We further developed a technique that automatically captures an ongoing masquerading attack and demonstrated its efficacy.
Surface modification of collagen‐based artificial cornea for reduced endothelialization (2008)

Our objective was to develop collagen-based hydrogels as tissue substitutes for corneal transplantation. The design of the full-thickness corneal grafts includes prevention of cell migration onto the posterior surface of the implants, using a plasma-assisted surface modification technique. Briefly, the hydrogel materials were subjected to ammonia plasma functionalization followed by grafting of alginate macromolecules to the target surface. The treated materials surfaces showed observable decreases in endothelial cell attachment. The decrease in cell attachment and adhesion was dependant upon the concentration of alginate and plasma radio frequency (RF) power. High concentrations of alginate 5% (w/v) and high RF power of 100 W produced surfaces with minimal cell attachment. The plasma-alginate treatment did not adversely affect the optical or swelling properties of the constructs. Contact angle measurement analysis revealed that the posterior surface hydrophilicity significantly increased after the treatment. The grafting of alginate to the implants surfaces was confirmed by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Both of the untreated and alginate grafted corneal materials were found to be superior to human cornea in optical and swelling properties.
Research on the Structure and Performance of Bacterial Magnetic Nanoparticles (2007)

Magnetite nanocrystals have been widely used in many fields. Recently, a new magnetite nanocrystals, called magnetosome, has been found in magnetotactic bacteria. In this article, we researched on the properties of magnetosomes in detail, such as crystalline, morphology, crystal-size distributions, vitro cytotoxicity, and magnetic properties and quantified primary amino groups on the magnetosomes membrane surface by fluorescamine assay for the first time. From the results, it was clear that magnetosomes have more potential in the biomedical applications than synthetic magnetite.
Wide area adaptive spectrum applications (2002)

This paper examines spectrum opportunistic systems in which the currently assigned spectrum is monitored in real time for idle bands, specific waveform types are dynamically created to utilize the idle portions of spectrum, and those portions of the spectrum are used until the primary user needs them. This application operates over significantly expanded geographic areas without the typical structure encountered in today's cellular/personal-communication-system (PCS) applications. Current spectrum policy may not yet support this type of operation in the frequency bands required for the expanded coverage. However, the approach has potential for enhanced spectrum reuse together with applications for emergency and transient scenarios in which spectrum coordination may be difficult to obtain within the operational time limits. The focus of this paper is to examine the technical performance achievable by non-overlaid, loosely structured architectures that employ multi-carrier implementations to dynamically adapt to a changing spectrum environment without predefined channel structures. For the case of assigned but unused spectrum, this architecture extends to continuous use applications representative of classical reuse scenarios.
MESSAGE AUTHENTICATION USING QUADRATIC RESIDUES (1995)

This paper shows a method for authenticating messages based on quadratic residues. The method will detect accidental or deliberate changes to a message, and will verify the sender of the message, both with near certainty. It does not require any preliminary exchange of messages, and does not require publishing any additional data besides each user's public key.
Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Replicon Particles Can Induce Rapid Protection against Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus (2013)

We have previously shown that delivery of the porcine type I interferon gene (poIFN-α/β) with a replication-defective human adenovirus vector (adenovirus 5 [Ad5]) can sterilely protect swine challenged with foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) 1 day later. However, the need of relatively high doses of Ad5 limits the applicability of such a control strategy in the livestock industry. Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEE) empty replicon particles (VRPs) can induce rapid protection of mice against either homologous or, in some cases, heterologous virus challenge. As an alternative approach to induce rapid protection against FMDV, we have examined the ability of VRPs containing either the gene for green fluorescent protein (VRP-GFP) or poIFN-α (VRP-poIFN-α) to block FMDV replication in vitro and in vivo. Pretreatment of swine or bovine cell lines with either VRP significantly inhibited subsequent infection with FMDV as early as 6 h after treatment and for at least 120 h posttreatment. Furthermore, mice pretreated with either 10(7) or 10(8) infectious units of VRP-GFP and challenged with a lethal dose of FMDV 24 h later were protected from death. Protection was induced as early as 6 h after treatment and lasted for at least 48 h and correlated with induction of an antiviral response and production of IFN-α. By 6 h after treatment several genes were upregulated, and the number of genes and the level of induction increased at 24 h. Finally, we demonstrated that the chemokine IP-10, which is induced by IFN-α and VRP-GFP, is directly involved in protection against FMDV.
High-quality video view interpolation using a layered representation (2004)

The ability to interactively control viewpoint while watching a video is an exciting application of image-based rendering. The goal of our work is to render dynamic scenes with interactive viewpoint control using a relatively small number of video cameras. In this paper, we show how high-quality video-based rendering of dynamic scenes can be accomplished using multiple synchronized video streams combined with novel image-based modeling and rendering algorithms. Once these video streams have been processed, we can synthesize any intermediate view between cameras at any time, with the potential for space-time manipulation.In our approach, we first use a novel color segmentation-based stereo algorithm to generate high-quality photoconsistent correspondences across all camera views. Mattes for areas near depth discontinuities are then automatically extracted to reduce artifacts during view synthesis. Finally, a novel temporal two-layer compressed representation that handles matting is developed for rendering at interactive rates.
Hash visualization in user authentication (2000)

Although research in security has made tremendous progress over the past few years, most security systems still suffer by failing to account for human factors. People are slow and unreliable at processing long and meaningless strings, yet many security applications depend on this skill. For example, a major problem in user authentication is that people have difficulties in choosing and memorizing secure passwords. In this paper, we have investigated how the usability and security of user authentication systems can be improved by replacing text strings with structured images.