gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies which act as EGF, TGFα, HB-EGF and BTC antagonists block the binding of epiregulin to EGFR-expressing tumours (1998)

Epiregulin is the newest member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family of ligands that was isolated from conditioned medium of the murine fibroblast-derived tumour cell line NIH3T3/T7. Here, using a panel of anti-EGFR receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed against 4 distinct epitopes on the external domain of the receptor, we have investigated the importance of the EGFR in transmitting the biological action of epiregulin. We found that MAb ICR9, which enhances the binding of EGF, TGFα, HB-EGF and betacellulin to the EGFR, also increases the binding of 125I-epiregulin to a number of EGFR-expressing tumour cell lines, including EJ, SKBR3, SKOV3, MDA-MB468 and HN5. In addition, anti-EGFR MAbs ICR15, ICR16, ICR61, ICR62 and ICR80, which block the binding of 125I-EGF to the EGFR, inhibit the binding of 125I-epiregulin to these tumour cell lines. Like EGF, we found that both the epiregulin-induced growth inhibition of HN5 and MDA-MB468 cells and tyrosine phosphorylation of the 170 kDa EGFR on HN5 cells are reversed in the presence of anti-EGFR MAbs ICR62 and ICR80. Surprisingly and unlike 125I-EGF, radiolabelled epiregulin bound very poorly to human bladder carcinoma EJ cells and its binding to SKOV3 cells was not inhibited efficiently in the presence of blocking antibodies. We conclude that the EGFR plays an important role in transmitting the biological action of epiregulin and that these effects could be blocked in the presence of anti-EGFR MAbs. The low level of binding of epiregulin compared with EGF to EJ cells suggests that the EGFR may not be the primary receptor for epiregulin. Int. J. Cancer 75:310–316, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Some properties of a microsomal peptidase in rat kidney (1968)

Research Article| November 01 1968 Some properties of a microsomal peptidase in rat kidney Y L Wong-Leung; Y L Wong-Leung 1Department of Biochemistry, University of Leeds Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar A J Kenny A J Kenny 1Department of Biochemistry, University of Leeds Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1968) 110 (2): 5P. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj1100005Pa Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation Y L Wong-Leung, A J Kenny; Some properties of a microsomal peptidase in rat kidney. Biochem J 1 November 1968; 110 (2): 5P. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj1100005Pa Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1968 The Biochemical Society1968 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Anticholinergic Agents in the Upper and Lower Airways (1999)

Basic Science Basics of Muscarinic Physiology, Joaquim Mullol and James N. Baraniuk Airway Muscarinic Receptors, Peter J. Barnes Applied Clinical Research Anticholinergic Agents as Bronchodilators, Nicholas J. Gross Anticholinergic Drug Therapy in the Management of Acute Severe Asthma, Jeffrey E. Garrett Use of Anticholinergics in Perennial Rhinitis, Albert F. Finn, Jr. Pathogenesis and Treatment of Upper Respiratory Infections, Sheldon L. Spector Anticholinergics in Combination Bronchodilator Therapy in COPD, Stephen I. Rennard Tiotropium (Ba 679): Pharmacology and Early Clinical Observations, Theodore J. Witek, Jr., Joseph F. Souhrada, Charles W. Serby, and Bernd Disse Topics of Special Interest Historical Aspects of Medicinal Uses of Antimuscarinics, Kenneth R. Chapman Interaction of Virus with the Muscarinic Receptor, David B. Jacoby and Allison D. Fryer
Replication and homologous recombination repair regulate DNA double-strand break formation by the antitumor alkylator ecteinascidin 743 (2007)

Adducts induced by the antitumor alkylator ecteinascidin 743 (ET-743, Yondelis, trabectedin) represent a unique challenge to the DNA repair machinery because no pathway examined to date is able to remove the ET adducts, whereas cells deficient in nucleotide excision repair show increased resistance. We here describe the processing of the initial ET adducts into cytotoxic lesions and characterize the influence of cellular repair pathways on this process. Our findings show that exposure of proliferating mammalian cells to pharmacologically relevant concentrations of ET-743 is accompanied by rapid formation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), as shown by the neutral comet assay and induction of focalized phosphorylated H2AX. The ET adducts are stable and can be converted into DSBs hours after the drug has been removed. Loss of homologous recombination repair has no influence on the initial levels of DSBs but is associated with the persistence of unrepaired DSBs after ET-743 is removed, resulting in extensive chromosomal abnormalities and pronounced sensitivity to the drug. In comparison, loss of nonhomologous end-joining had only modest effect on the sensitivity. The identification of DSB formation as a key step in the processing of ET-743 lesions represents a novel mechanism of action for the drug that is in agreement with its unusual potency. Because loss of repair proteins is common in human tumors, expression levels of selected repair factors may be useful in identifying patients particularly likely to benefit, or not, from treatment with ET-743.
Application of X.500 and X.700 Standards for supporting personal communications in distributed computing environments (2002)

This paper presents a TMN-based Personal Communications Support System (PCSS) which supports personal mobility, personalized call management, service personalization, and service interoperability in distributed multimedia environments. The design of the PCSS is strongly influenced by recent research activities in the field of advanced telecommunications and distributed computing technologies, such as Intelligent Networks (INs), Universal Personal Telecommunications (UPT), Telecommunications Management Network (TMN)/X.700 OSI Management, X.500 Directory Standards, and Electronic Location Technologies. In particular it takes into account the upcoming paradigm shift in telecommunications towards object-based service modelling as indicated by the TINA-C activities. The concepts presented here have been developed within the BERKOM II project "IN/TMN Integration" performed at the Department for Open Communications Systems at the Technical University of Berlin for Deutsche Telekom Berkom (De Te Berkom).
Minicircle Versus Plasmid DNA Delivery by Receptor-Targeted Polyplexes (2017)

Due to its minimal size and lack of bacterial backbone sequences, minicircle (MC) DNA presents a promising alternative to plasmid DNA (pDNA) for non-viral gene delivery in terms of biosafety and improved gene transfer. Here, luciferase pDNA (pCMV-luc) and analogous MC DNA (MC07.CMV-luc) were formulated into polyplexes with c-Met targeted, PEG-shielded sequence-defined oligoaminoamides, or linear PEI (linPEI) as standard transfection agent. Distinct physicochemical and biological characteristics were observed for polyplexes formed with either pDNA or MC DNA as vectors. The carriers were found to dominate the shape of polyplexes, whereas the DNA type was decisive for the nanoparticle size. c-Met-targeted, tyrosine trimer-containing polyplexes were optimized into compacted rod structures with a size of 65-100 nm for pDNA and 35-40 nm for MC. Notably, these MC polyplexes display a lack of cell cycle dependence of transfection and a ∼200-fold enhanced gene transfer efficiency in c-Met-positive DU145 prostate carcinoma cultures over their tyrosine-free pDNA analogues.
Transmission of innate immune signaling by packaging of cGAMP in viral particles (2015)

Infected cells detect viruses through a variety of receptors that initiate cell-intrinsic innate defense responses. Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (GMP)-adenosine monophosphate (AMP) synthase (cGAS) is a cytosolic sensor for many DNA viruses and HIV-1. In response to cytosolic viral DNA, cGAS synthesizes the second messenger 2'3'-cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP), which activates antiviral signaling pathways. We show that in cells producing virus, cGAS-synthesized cGAMP can be packaged in viral particles and extracellular vesicles. Viral particles efficiently delivered cGAMP to target cells. cGAMP transfer by viral particles to dendritic cells activated innate immunity and antiviral defenses. Finally, we show that cell-free murine cytomegalovirus and Modified Vaccinia Ankara virus contained cGAMP. Thus, transfer of cGAMP by viruses may represent a defense mechanism to propagate immune responses to uninfected target cells.
Molecular dissection of Alzheimer's disease neuropathology by depletion of serum amyloid P component (2009)

New therapeutic approaches in Alzheimer's disease are urgently needed. The normal plasma protein, serum amyloid P component (SAP), is always present in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and in the pathognomonic lesions of Alzheimer's disease, cerebrovascular and intracerebral Abeta amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, as a result of its binding to amyloid fibrils and to paired helical filaments, respectively. SAP itself may also be directly neurocytotoxic. Here, in this unique study in Alzheimer's disease of the bis(d-proline) compound, (R)-1-[6-[(R)-2-carboxy-pyrrolidin-1-yl]-6-oxo-hexanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid (CPHPC), we observed depletion of circulating SAP and also remarkable, almost complete, disappearance of SAP from the CSF. We demonstrate that SAP depletion in vivo is caused by CPHPC cross-linking pairs of SAP molecules in solution to form complexes that are immediately cleared from the plasma. We have also solved the structure of SAP complexed with phosphothreonine, its likely ligand on hyperphosphorylated tau protein. These results support further clinical study of SAP depletion in Alzheimer's disease and potentially other neurodegenerative diseases.
The role of calcium release activated calcium channels in osteoclast differentiation (2010)

Osteoclasts are specialized macrophage derivatives that secrete acid and proteinases to mobilize bone for mineral homeostasis, growth, and replacement or repair. Osteoclast differentiation generally requires the monocyte growth factor m-CSF and the TNF-family cytokine RANKL, although differentiation is regulated by many other cytokines and by intracellular signals, including Ca(2+). Studies of osteoclast differentiation in vitro were performed using human monocytic precursors stimulated with m-CSF and RANKL, revealing significant loss in both the expression and function of the required components of store-operated Ca(2+) entry over the course of osteoclast differentiation. However, inhibition of CRAC using either the pharmacological agent 3,4-dichloropropioanilide (DCPA) or by knockdown of Orai1 severely inhibited formation of multinucleated osteoclasts. In contrast, no effect of CRAC channel inhibition was observed on expression of the osteoclast protein tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). Our findings suggest that despite the fact that they are down-regulated during osteoclast differentiation, CRAC channels are required for cell fusion, a late event in osteoclast differentiation. Since osteoclasts cannot function properly without multinucleation, selective CRAC inhibitors may have utility in management of hyperresorptive states.
Investigating the Graphitization Mechanism of SiO<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticles in Chemical Vapor Deposition (2009)

The use of SiO(2) as a catalyst for graphitic nanostructures, such as carbon nanotubes and graphene, is a new and rapidly developing catalyst system. A key question is whether carbide phases form in the reaction. We show the formation of SiC from SiO(2) nanoparticles for the synthesis of graphitic carbon nanostructures via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) at 900 degrees C. Our findings point to the carbothermal reduction of SiO(2) in the CVD reaction. The inclusion of triethyl borate apparently accelerates the process and leads to improved yields. The study helps better understand the growth mechanisms at play in carbon nanotube and carbon nanofiber formation when using SiO(2) catalysts.
Zur Entwicklung von Antitumor-Impfstoffen: ein synthetisches Konjugat aus tumorassoziiertem MUC1-Glycopeptidantigen und dem Tetanustoxin-Epitop (2001)

Die Proliferation cytotoxischer T-Zellen, eine Voraussetzung für die Entwicklung von Antitumor-Impfstoffen, wird von 1, aber nicht von den Teilstrukturen A und B induziert. Durch Fragmentkondensation an fester Phase wird das Konjugat 1 aus einem tumorassoziierten Sialyl-TN-MUC-1-Glycopeptid-Antigen A und einem Tetanustoxin-T-Zellepitop B aufgebaut.
Characterization of inclusions and their distribution in natural and artificial samples by synchrotron cryo-micro-tomography (SCXRT) (2007)

Zur geometrischen Vermessung und Beschreibung von Einschlüssen in\nnatürlichen sowie im Labor geschaffenen Eispartikeln wurde ein neuartiger Versuchaufbau an der Tomographie-Endstation der Material Science Beam Line an der Swiss Light Source (SLS, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Schweiz) entwickelt. Dieser besteht aus einer Plexiglas-Tasse und einem doppelwandigen Kaptonfolien-Käfig, der wiederum auf die Düse eines \nCryojetXL\n(Oxford Instruments) montiert wurde. Abgesehen von dem hohen\nMaß an Flexibilit¨at bez¨uglich der Installation erlaubt es dieser Aufbau, die Temperatur des Experiments mit einer Genauigkeit von ± 1 K über einen Bereich von 271 K bis 220 K zu regeln. In den hier beschriebenen Experimenten wurde eine räumliche Auflösung von 1.4 µm erzielt.
Hydrolyzed starch–polyacrylonitrile graft copolymers: Effect of structure on properties (1971)

Abstract Three starch–polyacrylonitrile (S–PAN) graft copolymers containing ratios of S:PAN of 1:1.90, 1:1.16, and 1:0.64 were prepared by graft polymerization of acrylonitrile onto gelatinized starch. A fourth graft, made from granular starch, had an S:PAN ratio of 1:2.16. These grafts were hydrolyzed in potassium hydroxide under various conditions to give a series of products with varying amounts of carboxylic acid and amide groups. Maximum conversion of nitrile to carboxyl was 65%. Aqueous dispersions of the hydrolyzed S–PAN's at pH 7–8.5 were viscous, and, in general, their viscosities reflected the amount of PAN add‐on, with the highest add‐on giving the highest viscosity. Plots of the η/ C versus C show that hydrolyzed S–PAN's from gelatinized starch behave as normal polyelectrolytes on dilution to low concentration but that S–PAN from granular starch does not.
Excellent cycle performance of Co-doped FeF3/C nanocomposite cathode material for lithium-ion batteries (2012)

Fe1−xCoxF3 (x = 0, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07) compounds are synthesized via a liquid-phase method. To further improve their electrochemical properties, a ball milling process with acetylene black (AB) has been used to form Fe1−xCoxF3/C (x = 0, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07) nanocomposites. The structure and performance of the samples have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), charge–discharge tests, cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and the galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT). It is found that Co-doping significantly improves the electrochemical performance. Fe0.95Co0.05F3/C exhibits excellent electrochemical performance with discharge capacities of 151.7, 136.4 and 127.6 mA h g−1 at rates of 1C, 2C and 5C in the voltage range of 2.0–4.5 V vs. Li+/Li, and its capacity retentions remain as high as 92.0%, 92.2% and 91.7%, respectively, after 100 cycles. Co-doping could decrease the charge transfer resistance, increase the lithium diffusion coefficient during the lithiation process and improve the electrochemical reversibility. The preparation of Co-doped FeF3/C offers a new method to improve the performance of FeF3: cationic doping, which is a significant step forward for developing high-power lithium batteries.
Synthesis and antileukemic activity of 5-substituted 2,3-dihydro-6,7-bis(hydroxymethyl)-1H-pyrrolizine diesters (1977)

Treatment of N-acylproline derivatives, 2, with acetic anhydride--dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (DMAD) gave 5-substituted derivatives of dimethyl 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-6,7-dicarboxylate (5). The reaction proceeds via a 1,3-dipolar addition of DMAD with the mesoionic oxazalone intermediate 3, generated in situ, with concomitant elimination of carbon dioxide. Reduction of 5 gave the diols 6 which upon subsequent acylation gave 1. The bis(N-methylcarbamate) 1d and the diacetate li show a modest level of in vivo antileukemia activity in the L1210 assay. A majority of the diesters, 1, showed significant antileukemic activity in the in vivo P-388 assay. The bis(carbamate) 1d afforded "cures" at dose levels as low as 12.5 mg/kg; 1 q showed potent activity at doses as low as 0.78 mg/kg. Several other compounds showed potent activity against P-388 over a greater than fourfold dose range with no acute toxicity. Half-lives for several diacetate derivatives of 1 were determined for aqueous Me2SO solutions. The preparation of 7 and 8 shows that 1 may react by O-alkyl ester cleavage.
Wireless access server for quality of service and location based access control in 802.11 networks (2003)

In this paper we describe the "wireless access server (WAS)". WAS is targeted towards providing QoS and access control features for wireless LAN, specifically 802.11 networks. It is well known that these aspects have significant deficiencies in the widely deployed 802.11 networks. Our work is complementary to the proposed drafts by IEEE's 802.11e and 802.11i Working Groups, which also aim to alleviate some of the limitations in QoS and security. We describe the architecture and components of the server and outline the QoS and access control functionality it provides.
rDEN4Δ30, a Live Attenuated Dengue Virus Type 4 Vaccine Candidate, Is Safe, Immunogenic, and Highly Infectious in Healthy Adult Volunteers (2005)

The rDEN4 Delta 30 vaccine is safe and induced an antibody response that was broadly neutralizing against genotypically diverse DEN-4 viruses. It is a promising vaccine candidate for inclusion in a tetravalent dengue vaccine formulation.
Analysis of Trends in Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns Among Clinical Isolates of Bacteroides fragilis Group Species from 1990 to 1994 (1996)

Antimicrobial resistance, including plasmid-mediated resistance, among Bacteroides fragilis group species is well documented. A 5-year (1990-1994) prospective, eight-center survey of 3,177 clinical isolates of Bacteroides species was undertaken to review trends in resistance, using the breakpoints for full and intermediate susceptibility established by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. No documented resistance to either metronidazole or chloramphenicol was found in this survey. Among B. fragilis isolates virtually no resistance was seen to imipenem, meropenem, ampicillin/sulbactam, piperacillin/tazobactam, or ticarcillin/clavulanate. Significant increases in resistance among B. fragilis isolates to cefotetan, ceftizoxime, and clindamycin (p < .01) were noted. Resistance to cefoxitin remained unchanged. Among the non-fragilis species of the B. fragilis group, there was virtually no resistance to imipenem, meropenem, chloramphenicol, or metronidazole. The three beta-lactamase inhibitors had increasing levels of resistance, although 95%-98% of strains were susceptible (p < .05). There was a significant decline in cefoxitin, cefmetazole, and clindamycin activity over time against these strains (p <.01). There was a significant (P < .001) increase in geometric mean minimum inhibitory concentration for most drugs and species tested from 1990 to 1994. Clusters in the eight institutions could not account for this rise in resistance. This survey demonstrates that rates of resistance of B. fragilis and non-fragilis species of B. fragilis group are increasing.
The use of oral fluralaner for the treatment of feline generalised demodicosis: a case report (2017)

There is little agreement on the most effective and safest treatment for feline demodicosis. Protocols generally consist of long-lasting therapy courses based on rinses, subcutaneous injections, oral drug administration or repeated spot-on formulation and the efficacy of most of these is poorly documented. Many of these products have also been associated with adverse effects and may be difficult to administer in cats, leading to poor owner compliance and treatment failure. This case report describes the successful use of fluralaner in treating a generalised form of demodicosis caused by Demodex cati in an adult cat that was probably triggered by chronic glucocorticoid administration. After a single oral dose of 28 mg/kg fluralaner, negative skin scrapings were obtained within one month and clinical cure within two months. No side effects were observed. Larger studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of fluralaner in treating feline generalised demodicosis.
Synthesis of Ultrasmall Superparamagnetic Iron Oxides Using Reduced Polysaccharides (2004)

Investigation into the effect of the reducing sugar of dextran on formation and stability of dextran-coated ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxides (USPIO) has demonstrated that reduction of the terminal reducing sugar can have a significant effect on particle size, coating stability, and magnetic properties. Four aspects of polysaccharide-coated USPIO particle synthesis were investigated: (i) the effect reduction of the terminal polysaccharide sugar has upon polysaccharide usage, particle size, stability, and magnetic susceptibility; (ii) the effect an exogenous reducing sugar can have upon particle synthesis; (iii) the effect the molecular weight of the reduced polysaccharide has on particle synthesis; and (iv) the effectiveness of reduced and native dextrans in stabilizing a preformed magnetic sol. For low molecular weight dextrans (MW <or=10 kDa), reduction resulted in a 10 fold or greater decrease in the carbohydrate-to-iron ratio necessary during particle formation to produce the desired particle size (<20 nm). Particles prepared at the equivalent dextran-to-iron ratio using the equivalent native dextrans yielded larger particles except for a 70 kDa dextran where reduced and native dextran yielded identical particles with respect to size and magnetic properties. The stability of particle size and coating was studied using 10 kDa native and reduced dextran. Particles prepared with reduced dextran yielded a more stable coating as evidenced by stability on autoclaving. For native dextrans (MW < 70 kDa), small (<or=30 nm) particles could be obtained at much higher dextran-to-iron ratios, but only the 10 kDa dextran gave a particle with comparable magnetic properties (susceptibility > 20,000 x 10(-6) cgs). Similar results were obtained with a 12 kDa pullulan. The effect of polysaccharide molecular weight on particle size was studied, wherein higher molecular weight reduced dextrans produced larger particles. The effectiveness of the reduced and native dextrans in stabilizing a preformed magnetic sol was compared. Reduced dextrans were found to be superior for stabilizing the magnetic sol. The observed effects of reduction of the terminal sugar in dextran compared with the native dextran were modeled using the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. A good fit of experimental data with this model was found.