gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Squamous Cell Carcinoma is Highly Sensitive to Taxol, a Possible New Radiation Sensitizer (1995)

We studied the sensitivity of seven cell lines established from laryngeal carcinoma to the cytotoxic drug paclitaxel (Taxol) in vitro. In all four cell lines tested for growth inhibition, paclitaxel reduced growth at low concentrations, and in two cell lines growth was completely inhibited at a paclitaxel concentration of only 1 x 10(-8) M. Flow cytometric data showed a G2/M block in all seven cell lines after exposure to paclitaxel for 24 h at a concentration of 1 x 10(-8) M. This concentration is about one-one hundredth fold smaller than those measured in serum after a single intravenous dose of about 200 mg/m2. The high in vitro sensitivity of laryngeal cancer cell lines to paclitaxel,and the G2/M block suggest that the drug may potentially be used in conjunction with radiotherapy.
Biodistribution and Metabolism of Orally Administered Octacosanol in Rats (1993)

The biodistribution and metabolism of [8-14C]-octacosanol in rats were investigated to understand the mechanism of increased physical exercise and motor endurance by octacosanol. After 14C-octacosanol administered, radioactivity of octacosanol was mainly found in adipose tissue, especially in brown adipose tissue. Absorption of octacosanol is very low and mainly excreted through feces. The radioactivity of octacosanol was also partly expired as 14CO2. About 49% of the administered dose were excreted through different pathways. Metabolites of octacosanol are present in the urine. Octacosanol may be partly oxidized and degraded to fatty acids through beta-oxidation.
Electrode design for negative dielectrophoresis (1991)

A simple and practical procedure is described for the design of electrodes that produce well defined non-uniform electric fields for the study and application of negative dielectrophoresis. Such electrode systems can be used to direct and assemble colloidal particles away from electrode edges, and this is demonstrated for the case of yeast cells.
Cas9-Assisted Targeting of CHromosome segments CATCH enables one-step targeted cloning of large gene clusters (2015)

The cloning of long DNA segments, especially those containing large gene clusters, is of particular importance to synthetic and chemical biology efforts for engineering organisms. While cloning has been a defining tool in molecular biology, the cloning of long genome segments has been challenging. Here we describe a technique that allows the targeted cloning of near-arbitrary, long bacterial genomic sequences of up to 100 kb to be accomplished in a single step. The target genome segment is excised from bacterial chromosomes in vitro by the RNA-guided Cas9 nuclease at two designated loci, and ligated to the cloning vector by Gibson assembly. This technique can be an effective molecular tool for the targeted cloning of large gene clusters that are often expensive to synthesize by gene synthesis or difficult to obtain directly by traditional PCR and restriction-enzyme-based methods.
Peroxidase Isozymes from Horseradish Roots (1966)

Seven peroxidase isozymes were isolated from horseradish roots and purified to homogeneity as ascertained by chromatography, ultracentrifugation, and polyacrylamide disk electrophoresis. Purification procedures included ammonium sulfate precipitation and column chromatography on carboxymethyl and diethylaminoethyl cellulose. Peroxidase activity in the seven isozymes accounted for 86% of the activity in the crude homogenate. No interconversions among the isozymes were detected. The two most abundant isozymes were crystallized. The seven isozymes may be segregated into two groups on the basis of their chromatographic behavior, electrophoretic migration, spectrophotometric properties, and amino acid and carbohydrate composition. Each isozyme was shown to contain protohemin IX as the prosthetic group.
Influence of Perceived Ease of Use and Perceived Usefulness of Service Quality in Internet Banking: A Structural Equation Modelling Approach (2014)

The advent of Information Technology has led to the emergenceof multiple delivery channels like ATMs, telebanking, internetbanking and mobile banking. Internet banking (IB) is a productof e-commerce in the field of banking and financial services.Statistics reveal that IB is one of the fastest rising e-bankingservices globally and in India too it is gathering momentum.Therefore, it is essential that service providers must understandhow customers evaluate IB service quality for improving servicedelivery and what are the factors influencing service quality. Thespecific objective of the present study was to investigate theinfluence of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) constructs onservice quality in internet banking. The study revealed thatPerceived Ease of Use (PE) has significant positive direct effect onservice quality and Perceived Usefulness (PU) has significantpositive indirect effect on service quality in internet banking.
Social Media Peer Communication and Impacts on Purchase Intentions: A Consumer Socialization Framework (2012)

Consumer socialization through peer communication using social media websites has become an important marketing issue through the development and increasing popularity of social media. Guided by a socialization framework, this article investigates peer communication through social media websites; individual-level tie strength and group-level identification with the peer group as antecedents; and product attitudes and purchase decisions as outcomes. Survey data from 292 participants who engaged in peer communications about products through social media confirm that the two antecedents have positive influences on peer communication outcomes. Online consumer socialization through peer communication also affects purchasing decisions in two ways: directly (conformity with peers) and indirectly by reinforcing product involvement. In addition, consumer's need for uniqueness has a moderating effect on the influence of peer communication on product attitudes. These findings have significant theoretical and managerial implications.
Positive feedback in cellular control systems (2008)

Feedback loops have been identified in a variety of regulatory systems and organisms. While feedback loops of the same type (negative or positive) tend to have properties in common, they can play distinctively diverse roles in different regulatory systems, where they can affect virulence in a pathogenic bacterium, maturation patterns of vertebrate oocytes and transitions through cell cycle phases in eukaryotic cells. This review focuses on the properties and functions of positive feedback in biological systems, including bistability, hysteresis and activation surges.
Concurrency control in advanced database applications (1991)

Concurrency control has been thoroughly studied in the context of traditional database applications such as banking and airline reservations systems. There are relatively few studies, however, that address the concurrency control issues of advanced database applications such as CAD/CAM and software development environments. The concurrency control requirements in such applications are different from those in conventional database applications; in particular, there is a need to support nonserializable cooperation among users whose transactions are long-lived and interactive and to integrate concurrency control mechanisms with version and configuration control. This paper outlines the characteristics of data and operations in some advanced database applications, discusses their concurrency control requirements, and surveys the mechanisms proposed to address these requirements.
Epidemiology and prevention of measles in rural south India. (1980)

The epidemiology of measles was investigated in a village without any health care supervision, 3 villages with health care supervision but without measles immunization, and in 2 villages covered with measles vaccine as part of health care, all near Vellore in south India. There was an epidemic of measles in and around Vellore during the last quarter of 1977 and the 1st quarter of 1978. In the 1st village, the attack rate among preschool children was 26% and the overall case fatality rate was 14%. In the 2nd group of villages, the attack rate was 20% and the case fatality rate 3.7%. In the vaccinated villages, the attack rate was 4% with no death; measles was confined to the unvaccinated children in these villages. No measles occurred among 121 vaccinated children. Measles complications were predominantly gastrointestinal (35-52%) and respiratory (37-58%). In light of the results of these and other studies, the inclusion of measles vaccine is strongly recommended in the routine immunization of preschool children in India.
Semiconductor-based Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation (2010)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTSemiconductor-based Photocatalytic Hydrogen GenerationXiaobo Chen*†, Shaohua Shen†‡, Liejin Guo‡, and Samuel S. Mao†View Author Information Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States, and State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China* Corresponding author: Xiaobo Chen. E-mail: [email protected] (Xiaobo Chen); [email protected] (Shaohua Shen); [email protected] (Liejin Guo); [email protected] (Samuel S. Mao).†Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.‡Xi'an Jiaotong University.Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2010, 110, 11, 6503–6570Publication Date (Web):November 10, 2010Publication History Received29 May 2010Published online10 November 2010Published inissue 10 November 2010https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr1001645https://doi.org/10.1021/cr1001645review-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2010 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views91604Altmetric-Citations6803LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Catalytic activity,Hydrogen,Oxides,Photocatalysis,Photocatalysts Get e-Alerts
18O-Labeling of guanosine monophosphate upon hydrolysis of cyclic guanosine 3‘:5‘-monophosphate by phosphodiesterase. (1980)

The hydrolysis of cGMP by phosphodiesterase was conducted in [18O]water to determine the site of bond cleavage and the stoichiometry of 18O incorporation into 5'-GMP. Three different forms of phosphodiesterase including a calmodulin-calcium-dependent enzyme in its basal and activated states were examined. The hydrolysis of cGMP catalyzed by each of the forms of phosphodiesterase proceeded with incorporation of 1 18O atom recoverable in the phosphate moiety of each molecule of 5'-GMP generated. No molecular species of phosphate deriving from the 5'-GMP generated containing two or three 18O were detectable. These results indicate that the phosphodiesterase-catalyzed hydrolysis of cGMP proceeds by nucleophilic substitution at phosphorus resulting in P-O bond cleavage. The stoichiometry of 18O incorporation indicates that the reaction proceeds without phosphate-water oxygen exchange when the hydrolytic reaction is catalyzed by diverse forms of phosphodiesterase in the basal or activated state. These considerations of the phosphodiesterase reaction help to establish the validity of monitoring the rate of enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis of cGMP as a function of the rate of 18O-labeling of the phosphate of 5'-GMP when the reaction proceeds in a medium of predetermined 18O enrichment.
A finite-state turn-taking model for spoken dialog systems (2009)

This paper introduces the Finite-State Turn-Taking Machine (FSTTM), a new model to control the turn-taking behavior of conversational agents. Based on a non-deterministic finite-state machine, the FSTTM uses a cost matrix and decision theoretic principles to select a turn-taking action at any time. We show how the model can be applied to the problem of end-of-turn detection. Evaluation results on a deployed spoken dialog system show that the FSTTM provides significantly higher responsiveness than previous approaches.
Targeting a truncated He-endonuclease of yeast to novel DNA sites with foreign zinc fingers (1998)

Ho-endonuclease of the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, initiates a mating type switch by making a site-specific double strand break in the mating type gene, MAT. Ho is a dodecamer endonuclease and shares six of the seven intein motifs with PI- Sce I endonuclease, an intein encoded by the VMAI gene. We show that a 113 residue truncated Ho-endonuclease starting at intein motif C initiates a mating type switch in yeast. Ho is the only dodecamer endonuclease with zinc fingers. To see whether they have a role in determining site specificity we exchanged them for zinc fingers of the yeast transcription factor, Swi5. A chimeric endonuclease comprising the dodecamer motifs of Ho (C-E) and the zinc finger domain of Swi5 cleaves a Swi5 substrate plasmid in vivo. A similar chimera with the zinc fingers of SpI cleaves a GC box rich substrate plasmid. These experiments delineate a catalytic fragment of Ho-endonuclease that can be fused to various DNA binding moieties in the design of chimeric endonucleases with new site specificities.
Identification of SR8278, a Synthetic Antagonist of the Nuclear Heme Receptor REV-ERB (2010)

REV-ERBα is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily that functions as a receptor for the porphoryin heme. REV-ERBα suppresses transcription of its target genes in a heme-dependent manner. Recently, the first nonporphyrin synthetic ligand for REV-ERBα, GSK4112, was designed, and it mimics the action of heme acting as agonist. Here, we report the identification of the first REV-ERB antagonist, SR8278. SR8278 is structurally similar to the agonist but blocks the ability of the GSK4112 to enhance REV-ERBα-dependent repression in a cotransfection assay. Additionally, whereas GSK4112 suppresses the expression of REV-ERBα target genes involved in gluconeogenesis, SR8278 stimulates the expression of these genes. Thus, SR8278 represents a unique chemical tool for probing REV-ERB function and may serve as a point for initiation of further optimization to develop REV-ERB antagonists with the ability to explore circadian and metabolic functions.
Antiulcer agents. 3. Structure-activity-toxicity relationships of substituted imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines and a related imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine (1987)

Investigation of the interrelationship between structure, antiulcer activity, and toxicology screening data derived from a series of compounds selected from structure-activity studies directed toward identifying a successor to 3-(cyanomethyl)-2-methyl-8-(phenylmethoxy)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine, Sch 28080 (1), has identified 3-(cyanomethyl)-2,7-dimethyl-8-(phenylmethoxy)imidazo[1,2 -a]pyridine (5), 3-amino-2-methyl-8-(2-phenylethyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine (6), and 3-amino-2-methyl-8-(phenylmethoxy)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine (7). These analogues exhibit a combination of antisecretory and cytoprotective activity in animal models, while eliminating the adverse effects of the prototype 1. One of these, 3-amino-2-methyl-8-(phenylmethoxy)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine, Sch 32651 (7), has a profile meeting all criteria.
Pretargeting using peptide nucleic acid (1997)

We conclude that PNA may be considered an alternative to (strept)avidin and biotin for pretargeting studies.
Metagenomic Analysis of a Southern Maritime Antarctic Soil (2012)

Our current understanding of Antarctic soils is derived from direct culture on selective media, biodiversity studies based on clone library construction and analysis, quantitative PCR amplification of specific gene sequences and the application of generic microarrays for microbial community analysis. Here, we investigated the biodiversity and functional potential of a soil community at Mars Oasis on Alexander Island in the southern Maritime Antarctic, by applying 454 pyrosequencing technology to a metagenomic library constructed from soil genomic DNA. The results suggest that the commonly cited range of phylotypes used in clone library construction and analysis of 78-730 OTUs (de-replicated to 30-140) provides low coverage of the major groups present (∼5%). The vast majority of functional genes (>77%) were for structure, carbohydrate metabolism, and DNA/RNA processing and modification. This study suggests that prokaryotic diversity in Antarctic terrestrial environments appears to be limited at the generic level, with Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria being common. Cyanobacteria were surprisingly under-represented at 3.4% of sequences, although ∼1% of the genes identified were involved in CO(2) fixation. At the sequence level there appeared to be much greater heterogeneity, and this might be due to high divergence within the relatively restricted lineages which have successfully colonized Antarctic terrestrial environments.
17세기 후반 퇴계학파 성리설의 분화양상에 관한 연구 -우담과 갈암의 율곡 성리설 비판을 중심으로- (2013)

갈암(이현일(李玄逸), 1627~1704)과 우담(정시한(丁時翰), 1625~1707)은 각각 「율곡이씨논사단칠정서변(栗谷李氏論四端七情書辨)」(1688, 62세)과 「사칠변증(四七辨證)」(1696, 72세)을 지어 일찍이‘사단칠정을 이기로 해석한’ 퇴계의 해석에 대한 율곡의 異見을 비판함으로써, 즉 퇴계설을 변호하고 율곡설을 배척함으로써 퇴계학파 형성에 주도적 역할을 한 대표적인 퇴계학파의 일원이다. 이에 본문에서는 율곡이 우계(성혼)에게 보낸 서신 에 대해 갈암과 우담이 제기한 비판적 견해를 중심으로 두 사람의 성리설을 비교 분석하여 그 이론적 차이점을 확인하고, 동시에 두 사람 사이에 전개된 왕복서신을 중심으로 퇴계학파의 일원인 이들의 성리설이 갖는 이론적 다양성을 퇴계학파 성리설의 분화양상으로 설명하였다. 결론적으로 갈암이 퇴계의 이원적 체계를 강화한 것과는 달리, 같은 퇴계학파의 일원인 우담은 율곡의 일원적 입장을 수용하여 퇴계와 율곡의 성리설이 갖는 이론상의 결함을 보완하는 종합적 성격을 띠고 있다. 이러한 퇴계와 율곡의 이론을 종합하려는 특징은 퇴계학설을 그 시대에 제기되는 이론으로 재해석하였다고 할 수 있다.
Contour Detection in Unstructured 3D Point Clouds (2016)

We describe a method to automatically detect contours, i.e. lines along which the surface orientation sharply changes, in large-scale outdoor point clouds. Contours are important intermediate features for structuring point clouds and converting them into high-quality surface or solid models, and are extensively used in graphics and mapping applications. Yet, detecting them in unstructured, inhomogeneous point clouds turns out to be surprisingly difficult, and existing line detection algorithms largely fail. We approach contour extraction as a two-stage discriminative learning problem. In the first stage, a contour score for each individual point is predicted with a binary classifier, using a set of features extracted from the point's neighborhood. The contour scores serve as a basis to construct an overcomplete graph of candidate contours. The second stage selects an optimal set of contours from the candidates. This amounts to a further binary classification in a higher-order MRF, whose cliques encode a preference for connected contours and penalize loose ends. The method can handle point clouds > 107 points in a couple of minutes, and vastly outperforms a baseline that performs Canny-style edge detection on a range image representation of the point cloud.
Probabilistic Linear Discriminant Analysis for Inferences About Identity. (2007)

Many current face recognition algorithms perform badly when the lighting or pose of the probe and gallery images differ In this paper we present a novel algorithm designed for these conditions. We describe face data as resulting from a generative model which incorporates both within individual and between-individual variation. In recognition we calculate the likelihood that the differences between face images are entirely due to within-individual variability. We extend this to the non-linear case where an arbitrary face manifold can be described and noise is position-dependent. We also develop a "tied" version of the algorithm that allows explicit comparison across quite different viewing conditions. We demonstrate that our model produces state of the art results for (i) frontal face recognition (ii) face recognition under varying pose.
Mammalian Sperm Energy Resources Management and Survival during Conservation in Refrigeration (2006)

The present review has as its main aim to present an overview regarding the mechanisms utilized by mammalian sperm to manage its intracellular energy levels. This management will strongly influence the sperm's ability to maintain its overall function during its entire life span. Thus, the precise knowledge of these mechanisms will be of the utmost interest to optimize the systems utilized to conserve mammalian sperm for a medium-to-long time-lapse. Briefly, utilization of hexoses as energy substrates by mammalian sperm is very finely regulated from the very first step of its metabolization. Furthermore, the equilibrium among the separate, monosaccharide metabolization pathways in mammalian sperm depends on many factors. This prevents the possibility to draw a general vision of sperm energy utilization, which explains the results of all mammalian species in all points of the sperm life-cycle. To complicate the matter further, there are separate energy phenotypes among mammalian spermatozoa. The precise knowledge of these phenotypes is of the greatest importance in order to optimize the design of new extenders for sperm conservation in refrigerated conditions. Moreover, sugars can act on sperm not only as passive metabolic substrates, but also as direct function activators through mechanisms like specific changes in the tyrosine phosphorylation status of distinct proteins. Finally, mammalian sperm utilizes non-glucidic substrates like citrate and lactate to obtain energy in a regular form. This utilization is also finely regulated and of importance to maintain overall sperm function. This implies that the exact proportion of glucidic and non-glucidic energy substrates could be very important to optimize the survival ability of these cells in conservation.
Morphological, biological, and biochemical characteristics of human bladder transitional cell carcinomas grown in tissue culture and in nude mice. (1984)

The morphological, biological, biochemical, and karyotypic characteristics of four human bladder transitional cell carcinoma lines, SW-780, SW-800, SW-1738, and SW-1710, were investigated. In tissue culture, each cell line presented a distinct phenotypic expression. All but line SW-1710 grew when transplanted in the nude mouse. Light and electron microscopic studies showed morphological characteristics similar to the tumors of origin, being independent of the passages in tissue culture medium, tumor cell extracts, and the plasma of nude mouse-grown tumors, showing isoenzyme quantitative distribution typical for each cell line. In addition, each cell line exhibited a unique genetically determined enzyme phenotypic profile which, along with the karyotypic analysis, makes their identification feasible. These characteristics make the described tumor lines a valuable tool in studying various aspects of the biology of human bladder transitional cell carcinoma.
Model-building in the visions system (1977)

The semantic Interpretation system of VISIONS receives a segmentation containing symbolically encoded regions, boundaries and endpoints. The model-builder consists of four major components: 1) multiple levels of representation for both the image-specific model and long-term general knowledge, 2) a set of modular knowledge sources, 3) a hierarchical modular strategy to control application of the knowledge sources, and 4) a tree representing the current state of search through the space of possible models.