gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recombinant gene expression : reviews and protocols (2004)

In this updated and expanded second edition of an established classic, the editors have added critical reviews to a fresh collection of cutting-edge protocols for gene expression in bacteria, fungi, plants, plant cells, animals, and animal cells. The review articles survey new directions in recombinant gene expression research, technique, and application, and point the way to using recombinant gene expression for metabolic engineering and the production of nonprotein molecules. The readily reproducible protocols offer new host-vector systems, such as Antarctic bacteria and moderately halophytic bacteria, vectors for chromosomal editing and metabolic engineering, and information to aid in problem solving, strategy planning, and the promotion of protein folding. There are also novel heterologous gene expression schemes for cell-free systems, plant chloroplasts, microplates, hairy roots, and animal milk, and new developments in consolidated heterologous systems. The protocols follow the successful Methods in Molecular Biology™ series format, each one offering step-by-step laboratory instructions, an introduction outlining the principle behind the technique, lists of equipment and reagents, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. State-of-the-art and forward looking, Recombinant Gene Expression: Reviews and Protocols, Second Edition offers investigators seeking an overview of this critically important field not only the understanding, but also the tools needed to begin producing nonprotein products and altering the central metabolic pathways of cells to enhance heterologous gene expression
Fusion Filter Algorithm Enhancements For a MEMS GPS/IMU (2001)

A low cost solid state GPS/IMU navigation unit has been developed that incorporates measurements from a GPS, MEMS gyros and accelerometers, and fluxgate magnetometers to provide a complete navigation solution
at a high output rate. The Crossbow Technology, Inc. AHRS500 family of inertial sensor products provides standalone solutions for:
• Vertical gyro applications
• Attitude and heading reference system (AHRS)
applications
• Full navigation GPS/IMU applications.
Firmware inside the AHRS500’s onboard processors produces calibrated angular rate measurements, calibrated acceleration measurements, calibrated magnetometer measurements, and the estimated navigation state which includes body attitude (roll, pitch, heading), local level
horizontal navigation frame position (latitude, longitude, and altitude) and velocity at a high output rate. The algorithm used to estimate the navigation state is an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) trajectory correction approach in which the inertial accelerometers and gyros propagate the state trajectory made up of the position, velocity, and body attitude, and the supporting sensors (GPS and magnetometers) provide ECEF position and velocity, and earth magnetic field measurements which the filter uses to calculate corrections to the trajectory state and estimate inertial sensor errors. This fusion of
multiple sensors into an EKF allows for a wide variety of sensor characterizations including bias, scale factor, and unit mounting misalignment.

In addition to the inertial sensor characterization, the magnetometer sensed earth magnetic field disturbances from hard-iron and soft-iron ferrous material effects are estimated and accounted for directly in the filter. Under static conditions, the attitude and heading errors are less than 0.1 degrees, and under dynamic flight tests when compared to a high accuracy INS system (Litton LN-100G), the attitude and heading errors are shown to be less than 0.5 degrees. The position and velocity estimates directly follow the GPS accuracy level when the GPS is providing a low GDOP solution. When the GPS accuracy level drops due to satellite occlusion, the combined solution maintains the accuracy level when compared to the INS and smoothes over GPS estimate error
nonlinearities. If the GPS drops out all together, the navigation solution remains stable and will stay within an error of 1 meter in 60 seconds.
Palladium-Catalyzed Ternary Coupling Reaction Composed of Aryl Bromides, Phenyltributyltin and 1,3-Dioxole (1995)

The ternary coupling reaction composed of aryl bromides, phenyltributyltin and 1,3-dioxole under the palladium catalyst, PdCl2[P(o-tol)3]2 in THF proceeds to produce 4,5-diaryl-1,3-dioxolane in moderate to good yield.
Myocardial metabolism of radioiodinated methyl-branched fatty acids. (1988)

Methylated fatty acids labeled with radioactive iodine have been proposed as a means of studying regional myocardial uptake of fatty acids in man. To investigate the methylated fatty acid that is best adapted for an assessment of uptake, we have studied the influence of the number and the position of the methyl groups of IFA intracellular metabolism; 16-iodo-2-methyl-hexadecanoic (mono-alpha), 16-iodo-2,2-methyl hexadecanoic (di-alpha), 16-iodo-3-methyl-hexadecanoic (mono-beta), and 16-iodo-3,3-methyl-hexadecanoic (di-beta) acids were injected into the coronary arteries of isolated rat hearts. Intracellular analysis shows that the degradation of mono-alpha was always lower than that of IHA and the storage was always much higher. The differences between mono-beta and IHA were similar to those observed with mono-alpha, but were much more pronounced. With the two dimethylated IFAs there was an inhibition of both oxidation and esterification which led to an accumulation of free FAs in myocardial cells. In conclusion, mono-beta, di-alpha, and di-beta are potentially suitable for studying the cellular uptake of IFA since all of them, and particularly the dimethylated IFAs, have a low oxidation rate.
Antimalarials. 7. 2,8-Bis(trifluoromethyl)-4-quinolinemethanols (1975)

Based on the high antilalarial activity of alpha-(2-piperidyl)-2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4-quinolinemethanol, ten additional 2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4-quinolinemethanols were prepared in which the amino alcohol side chain was structurally varied. Synthesis of the compounds is described and antimalarial activity data against Plasmodium berghei are presented and discussed in terms of the structure variations.
Medical education through the use of digital technologies : The implementation of a Swedish regionalized medical program (2013)

Prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) induces the expression of C-C chemokine receptor type 7 (CCR7) on human monocytes, thereby enabling their subsequent migration in response to CCL19 and CCL21, the natural ligands for CCR7. To date, important mediators of PGE(2)-mediated monocyte migration remain unknown. In this study, we explored the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases and the RhoA/Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) pathway in CCR7-dependent monocyte migration in the presence of PGE(2). Our results indicate that CCL19 binding to CCR7 promotes the activation of p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase and leads to monocyte migration. Moreover, the RhoA/ROCK pathway was essential for PGE(2)-mediated CCR7-dependent monocyte migration.
A numerical design study of the valveless diffuser pump using a lumped-mass model (1999)

This paper presents a lumped-mass model especially developed for valveless diffuser pumps. It is implemented using MATLAB. The model is tested for different previously reported valveless diffuser pumps and shows good agreement with the experimental results. The model predicts the flow-pressure characteristics for different excitation levels. The model makes it possible to study flows and pressures inside the pump. The simulations show that the maximum excitation level for the valveless diffuser pump is probably limited by low chamber pressure. Modified designs are tested and it is shown that a pump with two serially connected pump chambers working in anti-phase is advantageous compared with a single chamber pump for both the maximum volume flow and maximum pump pressure. The simulations also indicate that scaling down the diffuser elements from an throat cross-sectional area to a throat cross-sectional area probably increases the attainable pressure head.
Real-time Diagnosis of Micro Powder Injection Molding Using Integrated Ultrasonic Sensors (2007)

Abstract Real-time diagnostics of ceramic powder injection molding using a commercial micromolding machine was performed using ultrasound. Miniature ultrasonic sensors were integrated onto the mold insert. Melt front, solidification, temperature variation and part detachment of the feedstock inside the mold cavity were observed. It has been demonstrated that ultrasonic velocity in feedstock inside the mold cavity, the ultrasonic contact duration during which the part and mold are in contact, and holding pressure can be used to assist with optimization of injection and cooling parameters to minimize energy consumption and maximize process efficiency.
Transmission of the Common Cold to Volunteers Under Controlled Conditions (1958)

The common cold is one of the most frequent and universal infections of man. Nevertheless, little is known regarding its specific etiology, and the diagnosis must be a clinical one. Until the infectious agent can be propagated, characterized by microbiologic and pathologic methods and consistently transmitted to experimental animals or in tissue cultures, transmission to humans appears to be the best method for study. In this manner, information can be obtained about the nature of the infection, factors that influence the susceptibility or resistance of the human host, and conditions that favor spread of the illness. During the past five years we have made observations upon more than 1000 volunteers who were challenged with infectious nasal secretions obtained from persons with a common cold or with a blank solution used as a control. The clinical findings were re- corded daily. Examination of the nose and throat was of no value
Safety and Immunogenicity of a Bivalent Group B Streptococcal Conjugate Vaccine for Serotypes II and III (2003)

To determine whether 2 monovalent group B streptococcus (GBS) serotype II or III capsular polysaccharide (CPS)-tetanus toxoid (TT) conjugate vaccines combined in a single intramuscular dose would elicit immune responses comparable to those of monovalent vaccines, 75 healthy adults were randomized to receive GBS II-TT (3.6 micro g of CPS), GBS III-TT (12.5 micro g of CPS), or a bivalent mixture of GBS II-TT/III-TT vaccine (double-masked design). Vaccines were well tolerated. Four-fold or greater increases in GBS II or III CPS-specific IgG, respectively, were noted in postimmunization serum samples from 80%-90% of bivalent conjugate vaccine recipients, and these responses were similar to those of recipients of GBS II-TT or GBS III-TT monovalent vaccines. Immune serum samples promoted the opsonophagocytic killing of types II and III GBS in vitro. Unexpectedly, some recipients of these vaccines developed cross-reactive antibodies to the structurally similar heterologous polysaccharide. These results support the feasibility of a multivalent vaccine for the 5 prevalent invasive disease-causing GBS CPS serotypes.
Behavior of Fibroblasts on a Porous Hyaluronic Acid Incorporated Collagen Matrix (2002)

A hyaluronic acid (HA) incorporated porous collagen matrix was fabricated at -70 degrees C by lyophilization. The HA incorporated collagen matrix showed increased pore size in comparison with collagen matrix. Biodegradability and mechanical properties of matrices were controllable by varying the ultraviolet (UV) irradiation time for cross-linking collagen molecules. Addition of HA to collagen matrix did not effect ultimate tensile stress after UV irradiation. HA incorporated collagen matrices demonstrated a higher resistance against the collagenase degradation than collagen matrix. In an in vitro investigation of cellular behavior using dermal fibroblasts on the porous matrix, HA incorporated collagen matrix induced increased dermal fibroblast migration and proliferation in comparison with collagen matrix. These results suggest that the HA incorporated collagen porous matrix assumes to enhance dermal fibroblast adaptation and regenerative potential.
Intranasal Vaccination with Pneumococcal Surface Protein A and Interleukin-12 Augments Antibody-Mediated Opsonization and Protective Immunity against<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>Infection (2001)

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major pathogen in humans that enters the host primarily through the respiratory tract. Targeting mucosal surfaces directly may therefore be an optimal approach for vaccination to prevent bacterial colonization and invasive disease. We have previously demonstrated the effectiveness of interleukin-12 (IL-12) delivered intransally (i.n.) as an antiviral respiratory adjuvant. In this study, we examined the effects of i.n. IL-12 treatment on induction of protective humoral immunity against S. pneumoniae. Immunization i.n. with pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) and IL-12 resulted in enhanced lung IL-10 mRNA expression and marked augmentation of respiratory and systemic immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1), IgG2a, and IgA antibody levels compared to those in animals receiving PspA alone. In addition, i.n. vaccination with PspA and IL-12 provided increased protection against nasopharyngeal carriage. Flow cytometric analysis revealed a threefold increase in antibody-mediated, complement-independent opsonic activity in the sera of PspA- and IL-12-treated animals, which was mainly contributed by IgG2a and, to a lesser extent, IgA. Passive transfer of these immune sera conferred complete protection from death upon systemic pneumococcal challenge. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of combining PspA and IL-12 at mucosal sites to achieve optimal antibody-mediated opsonization and killing of S. pneumoniae.
Efficient management of XML contents over wireless environment by Xstream (2004)

In this paper we investigated the issues pertaining to streaming generalized XML documents over the wireless environment. We highlight the disadvantages of employing existing approach to fragment and manage the transfer of XML contents across a wireless environment. In particular, existing approach of fragmenting data takes no consideration of the structure and semantics of the XML data. Also, using the connection-oriented transport protocol, such as TCP, will result in lower throughput due to the head-of-line blocking and inefficient error control mechanisms operating in an error-prone environment. We proposed Xstream to focus on the flexible management of XML data operating over the wireless environment. Xstream leverages the structural characteristics of XML documents to fragment XML contents into autonomous units called Xstream Data Unit (XDU). Also, it incrementally sends fragments over a wireless link and performs look-ahead processing of the document. This facilitates the efficient use of scarce bandwidth. In this paper we describe the Xstream framework and the techniques involved. A complete deployment and setup of Xstream is discussed and the empirical performances are evaluated to verify the benefits of streaming XML documents using Xstream.
Distributed fiber-optic stress-location measurement by arbitrary shaping of optical coherence function (2002)

A functional distributed fiber-optic stress-location measurement technique by arbitrary shaping of the optical coherence function has been demonstrated. The technique measures the distribution or location of stress-induced polarization mode coupling in a polarization-maintaining fiber by manipulating the optical coherence function. The location of applied stress is given by optical path difference between the two polarization modes, which is determined by the synthesis of the coherence function. Three types of coherence function-a scanning peak, a scanning low-sidelobe peak, and a standing triangle-have been synthesized experimentally and used for stress locating. When using the coherence function of scanning peak, the coherence peak is slid to scan over the measurement range by a phase modulation to obtain the stress distribution; when using the triangular coherence function, the detection range is set within a linear slope of the triangle so that the stress location is directly converted into the value of the coherence degree.
Extending the Dorsch decoder towards achieving maximum-likelihood decoding for linear codes (2007)

It is shown that the relatively unknown Dorsch decoder may be extended to produce a decoder that is capable of maximum-likelihood decoding. The extension involves a technique for any linear (n, k) code that ensures that n−k less reliable, soft decisions of each received vector may be treated as erasures in determining candidate codewords. These codewords are derived from low information weight codewords and it is shown that an upper bound of this information weight may be calculated from each received vector in order to guarantee that the decoder will achieve maximum-likelihood decoding. Using the cross-correlation function, it is shown that the most likely codeword may be derived from a partial correlation function of these low information weight codewords, which leads to an efficient fast decoder. For a practical implementation, this decoder may be further simplified into a concatenation of a hard-decision decoder and a partial correlation decoder with insignificant performance degradation. Results are presented for some powerful, known codes, including a GF(4) non-binary BCH code. It is shown that maximum-likelihood decoding is realised for a high percentage of decoded codewords and that performance close to the sphere packing bound is attainable for codeword lengths up to 1000 bits.
Alzheimer's Prevention Initiative: A Plan to Accelerate the Evaluation of Presymptomatic Treatments (2011)

There is an urgent need to find effective presymptomatic Alzheimer's disease (AD) treatments that reduce the risk of AD symptoms or prevent them completely. It currently takes too many healthy people, too much money and too many years to evaluate the range of promising presymptomatic treatments using clinical endpoints. We have used brain imaging and other measurements to track some of the earliest changes associated with the predisposition to AD. We have proposed the Alzheimer's Prevention Initiative (API) to evaluate investigational amyloid-modifying treatments in healthy people who, based on their age and genetic background, are at the highest imminent risk of developing symptomatic AD using brain imaging, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and cognitive endpoints. In one trial, we propose to study AD-causing presenilin 1 [PS1] mutation carriers from the world's largest early-onset AD kindred in Antioquia, Colombia, close to their estimated average age at clinical onset. In another trial, we propose to study apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 homozygotes (and possibly heterozygotes) close to their estimated average age at clinical onset. The API has several goals: 1) to evaluate investigational AD-modifying treatments sooner than otherwise possible; 2) to determine the extent to which the treatment's brain imaging and other biomarker effects predict a clinical benefit-information needed to help qualify biomarker endpoints for use in pivotal prevention trials; 3) to provide a better test of the amyloid hypothesis than clinical trials in symptomatic patients, when these treatments may be too little too late to exert their most profound effect; 4) to establish AD prevention registries needed to support these and other presymptomatic AD trials; and 5) to give those individuals at highest imminent risk of AD symptoms access to the most promising investigational treatments in clinical trials.
Biokinetics of radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies in heterotransplanted nude rats: evaluation of corrected specific tissue uptake. (1989)

A tumor model is presented to study the biokinetics and localization of radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies (MAb) in the nude rat (Rowett RNu/RNu) heterotransplanted with human melanoma metastases. The nude rat is larger, less sensitive, and lives longer than the nude mouse. It is, therefore, well suited for in vivo studies of tumor localization with radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies. The tumor-to-host weight ratio was closer to the human situation for the nude rat than for the mouse, and quantitative imaging could be performed with a parallel hole collimator. We followed the antibody biokinetics for as long as 8 days, with repeated blood sampling and imaging. Specific uptake of MAb was higher in tumor tissue than in all other tissues except blood. Initial high uptake was also recorded in the bone marrow. The lymph glands showed a slow uptake of specific and control antibody. A simple in vitro correction procedure is described to calculate the corrected specific tissue uptake (STUcorr) that takes the blood activity into account. Thus it was shown that 80% of the tissue uptake in the dissected liver at 30 hr was due to labeled antibodies circulating in the blood. The specific tissue uptake ratio of antibodies 96.5 and OKT3 (nonspecific control) was unity for all other organs except for tumor tissue, where the ratio was greater than two and even higher when correction for blood content of labeled antibody was made.
Molecular cloning, expression, and characterization of endo-beta-1,4-glucanase genes from Bacillus polymyxa and Bacillus circulans (1990)

Endo-beta-1,4-glucanase genes from Bacillus circulans and from B. polymyxa were cloned by direct expression by using bacteriophage M13mp9 as the vector. The enzymatic activity of the gene products was detected by using either the Congo red assay or hydroxyethyl cellulose dyed with Ostazin Brilliant Red H-3B. The B. circulans and B. subtilis PAP115 endo-beta-1,4-glucanase genes were shown to be homologous by the use of restriction endonuclease site mapping, DNA-DNA hybridization, S1 nuclease digestion after heteroduplex formation, and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the protein products. Analysis of the nucleotide sequence of 3.1 kilobase pairs of cloned B. polymyxa DNA revealed two convergently transcribed open reading frames (ORFs) consisting of 398 codons (endoglucanase) and 187 codons (ORF2) and separated by 374 nucleotides. The coding region of the B. polymyxa endoglucanase gene would theoretically produce a 44-kilodalton preprotein. Expression of the B. polymyxa endoglucanase in Escherichia coli was due to a fusion of the endoglucanase gene at codon 30 with codon 9 of the lacZ alpha-peptide gene. The B. polymyxa endoglucanase has 34% amino acid similarity to the Clostridium thermocellum celB endoglucanase sequence but very little similarity to endoglucanases from other Bacillus species. ORF2 has 28% amino acid similarity to the NH2-terminal half of the E. coli lac repressor protein, which is responsible for DNA binding.
Dual Templating Synthesis of Mesoporous Titanium Nitride Microspheres (2009)

Hierarchically nanostructured titanium nitride is prepared via a novel and facile in situ dual templating approach. No prestructured templates are necessary; instead, a template is generated in situ during the synthesis from a liquid core and the resulting spherical shell, and the template is removed in the final heating without any additional chemical etching. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.