gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
All Gelatin Networks:  1. Biodiversity and Physical Chemistry (2002)

Gelatin gels are well-known for their ability to form nonpermanent, physical gels at room temperature and for their numerous applications in photographic and food industries. The difficulties in understanding the processes of gelation and the properties of the physical gels is partly due to the nature of the molecules that exhibit this state: these are often biopolymers. Concerning gelatin, a regain of interest appeared recently, in relation with the development of new types of moleculesmammalian gelatins were almost exclusively considered so far in the literature. In this series of two papers we investigated gelatin samples from various origins, mammalian and fish gelatins, with the aim of comparing their properties to the reference samples generally used in photographic and food applications. The samples were characterized by their imino acid composition, which indeed varies according to the biodiversity of the species from which they are extracted. The physical and chemical aspects are mainly reported in this paper, while the companion paper deals with the rheological properties. The influence of the thermal treatments, of the gelatin concentration, of the molecular weight, and of the solvent (aqueous and mixed solvents) was put in evidence and finally blending of samples was achieved. Optical rotation measurements were mainly performed; they allow us to fully characterize the development of the triple helices, which depends on the parameters mentioned before. A systematic comparison of the temperatures of helix formation and melting was undertaken. The results are discussed in the context of the models of helix−coil transitions often used for proteins and polypeptides and sometimes for polysaccharides.
Development of Genetic Tools for <i>Lactobacillus sakei</i> : Disruption of the β-Galactosidase Gene and Use of <i>lacZ</i> as a Reporter Gene To Study Regulation of the Putative Copper ATPase, AtkB (2000)

Downstream from the ptsHI operon of Lactobacillus sakei, the genes atkY and atkB, organized in an operon, were observed. The two putative proteins, AtkB and AtkY, show sequence similarity to the Enterococcus hirae copper P-type ATPase, responsible for copper efflux, and its negative regulator. Characterization of AtkB as a copper P-type ATPase could not be demonstrated since an atkB mutant did not show any phenotype. Thus, another strategy was followed in order to investigate the transcriptional regulation of the atkYB locus, leading to the development of new genetic tools for L. sakei. A plasmid was constructed, the use of which allowed gene replacement at the lacLM locus in L. sakei by two successive crossovers. A strain deleted of the lacLM operon encoding the beta-galactosidase of L. sakei was constructed by this method, and the Escherichia coli lacZ gene could then be used as a reporter gene to investigate the regulation of atkYB. Results show that the atkYB operon is induced by small concentrations of CuSO(4) (30 to 40 microM) but not when CuSO(4) is omitted or added at higher concentrations.
The KW-Boundary Hybrid Digital Waveguide Mesh for Room Acoustics Applications (2007)

The digital waveguide mesh is a discrete-time simulation used to model acoustic wave propagation through a bounded medium. It can be applied to the simulation of the acoustics of rooms through the generation of impulse responses suitable for auralization purposes. However, large-scale three-dimensional mesh structures are required for high quality results. These structures must therefore be efficient and also capable of flexible boundary implementation in terms of both geometrical layout and the possibility for improved mesh termination algorithms. The general one-dimensional N-port boundary termination is investigated, where N depends on the geometry of the modeled domain and the mesh topology used. The equivalence between physical variable Kirchoff-model, and scattering-based wave-model boundary formulations is proved. This leads to the KW-hybrid one-dimensional N-port boundary-node termination, which is shown to be equivalent to the Kirchoff- and wave-model cases. The KW-hybrid boundary-node is implemented as part of a new hybrid two-dimensional triangular digital waveguide mesh. This is shown to offer the possibility for large-scale, computationally efficient mesh structures for more complex shapes. It proves more accurate than a similar rectilinear mesh in terms of geometrical fit, and offers significant savings in processing time and memory use over a standard wave-based model. The new hybrid mesh also has the potential for improved real-world room boundary simulations through the inclusion of additional mixed modeling algorithms
Growth of Submicrometer-Scale Rectangular Parallelepiped Rutile TiO<sub>2</sub>Films in Aqueous TiCl<sub>3</sub>Solutions under Hydrothermal Conditions (2004)

Evolution of a new morphology of rutile TiO2 films consisting of nearly single-crystalline parallelepipeds was achieved through hydrothermal treatments of aqueous TiCl3 solutions in the presence of NaCl.
Interactome: gateway into systems biology (2005)

Protein-protein interactions are fundamental to all biological processes, and a comprehensive determination of all protein-protein interactions that can take place in an organism provides a framework for understanding biology as an integrated system. The availability of genome-scale sets of cloned open reading frames has facilitated systematic efforts at creating proteome-scale data sets of protein-protein interactions, which are represented as complex networks or 'interactome' maps. Protein-protein interaction mapping projects that follow stringent criteria, coupled with experimental validation in orthogonal systems, provide high-confidence data sets immanently useful for interrogating developmental and disease mechanisms at a system level as well as elucidating individual protein function and interactome network topology. Although far from complete, currently available maps provide insight into how biochemical properties of proteins and protein complexes are integrated into biological systems. Such maps are also a useful resource to predict the function(s) of thousands of genes.
Learning context-dependent mappings from sentences to logical form (2009)

We consider the problem of learning context-dependent mappings from sentences to logical form. The training examples are sequences of sentences annotated with lambda-calculus meaning representations. We develop an algorithm that maintains explicit, lambda-calculus representations of salient discourse entities and uses a context-dependent analysis pipeline to recover logical forms. The method uses a hidden-variable variant of the perception algorithm to learn a linear model used to select the best analysis. Experiments on context-dependent utterances from the ATIS corpus show that the method recovers fully correct logical forms with 83.7% accuracy.
Efficient algorithms for multichannel extensions of Itakura-Saito nonnegative matrix factorization (2012)

This paper proposes new algorithms for multichannel extensions of nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) with the Itakura-Saito (IS) divergence. We employ Hermitian positive definite matrices for modeling the covariance matrix of a multivariate complex Gaussian distribution. Such matrices are basically estimated for NMF bases, but a source separation task can be performed by introducing variables that relate NMF bases and sources. The new algorithms are derived by using a majorization scheme with properly designed auxiliary functions. The algorithms are in the form of multiplicative updates, and exhibit good convergence behavior. We have succeeded in separating a professionally produced music recording into its vocal and guitar components.
Text-Adaptive Generative Adversarial Networks: Manipulating Images with Natural Language (2018)

This paper addresses the problem of manipulating images using natural language description. Our task aims to semantically modify visual attributes of an object in an image according to the text describing the new visual appearance. Although existing methods synthesize images having new attributes, they do not fully preserve text-irrelevant contents of the original image. In this paper, we propose the text-adaptive generative adversarial network (TAGAN) to generate semantically manipulated images while preserving text-irrelevant contents. The key to our method is the text-adaptive discriminator that creates word-level local discriminators according to input text to classify fine-grained attributes independently. With this discriminator, the generator learns to generate images where only regions that correspond to the given text are modified. Experimental results show that our method outperforms existing methods on CUB and Oxford-102 datasets, and our results were mostly preferred on a user study. Extensive analysis shows that our method is able to effectively disentangle visual attributes and produce pleasing outputs.
Analysis of release data in the evaluation of the physical state of progesterone in matrix systems (1993)

Ethylene-vinyl acetate microspheres were prepared by an emulsion solvent-evaporation method as sustained delivery carriers of progesterone. Physical state of the drug in the microspheres was affected by drug loading level. As thermal analysis and mathematical release models showed, low payloads of the matrix supported the molecularly dispersed drug. Crystalline drug appeared only as the drug loading level increased. The release process of the crystalline drug produced a porosity increase in the polymeric system; thus, the drug could diffuse through pores and channels. Hence, the porosity of the matrix structure was affected by the payload. This hypothesis could justify the increasing goodness-of-fit of the release data to the square-root model as the drug loading level of the microspheres increased.
The metabolic advantage of tumor cells (2011)

1- Oncogenes express proteins of "Tyrosine kinase receptor pathways", a receptor family including insulin or IGF-Growth Hormone receptors. Other oncogenes alter the PP2A phosphatase brake over these kinases. 2- Experiments on pancreatectomized animals; treated with pure insulin or total pancreatic extracts, showed that choline in the extract, preserved them from hepatomas. Since choline is a methyle donor, and since methylation regulates PP2A, the choline protection may result from PP2A methylation, which then attenuates kinases. 3- Moreover, kinases activated by the boosted signaling pathway inactivate pyruvate kinase and pyruvate dehydrogenase. In addition, demethylated PP2A would no longer dephosphorylate these enzymes. A "bottleneck" between glycolysis and the oxidative-citrate cycle interrupts the glycolytic pyruvate supply now provided via proteolysis and alanine transamination. This pyruvate forms lactate (Warburg effect) and NAD+ for glycolysis. Lipolysis and fatty acids provide acetyl CoA; the citrate condensation increases, unusual oxaloacetate sources are available. ATP citrate lyase follows, supporting aberrant transaminations with glutaminolysis and tumor lipogenesis. Truncated urea cycles, increased polyamine synthesis, consume the methyl donor SAM favoring carcinogenesis. 4- The decrease of butyrate, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, elicits epigenic changes (PETEN, P53, IGFBP decrease; hexokinase, fetal-genes-M2, increase). 5- IGFBP stops binding the IGF - IGFR complex, it is perhaps no longer inherited by a single mitotic daughter cell; leading to two daughter cells with a mitotic capability. 6- An excess of IGF induces a decrease of the major histocompatibility complex MHC1, Natural killer lymphocytes should eliminate such cells that start the tumor, unless the fever prostaglandin PGE2 or inflammation, inhibit them...
A Renewable Liquid Droplet Method for On-Line Pollution Analysis by Multi-Photon Ionization (1997)

A multi-photon ionization based fast conductance (MPI-FC) technique was applied to detect combustion byproduct aerosols. These PAH-polluted aerosols were on-line sampled by means of renewable water microdroplets. The environmental cases considered here have involved such common air contaminants as motor car exhaust gas and cigarette smoke. The possibility of obtaining useful calibration curves has been addressed. Two droplet contamination regimes were clearly observed. These have been argued to be associated with either a volume uniform (i.e., a bulk type) or a surface-favored contamination. The latter regime is possible whenever the increasing droplet contamination extends beyond the solubility saturation of the PAH compounds. Detection limits as low as 1 pg were obtained for pyrene-contaminated renewable microdroplets.
Optical fiber sensors for spacecraft applications (1999)

Optical fiber sensors offer a number of advantages for spacecraft applications. A principal application is strain sensing for structural health monitoring, shape determination, and spacecraft qualification testing. This paper will review the results of recent work at the Naval Research Laboratory where optical fiber strain sensors have been used on spacecraft structures and ground test hardware. The sensors have been both surface mounted to the structure and embedded in fiber-reinforced polymer composites. The issue of potential strength reduction of high-performance composites due to embedded optical fiber sensors and leads has been studied, low-cost fabrication of tubular struts with embedded sensors has been demonstrated, and a novel technique for fiber ingress-egress from composite parts has been developed. Applications of fiber sensors discussed in this paper include distributed dynamic strain monitoring of a honeycomb composite plate and a lightweight reflector during acoustic qualification tests, ultrahigh-sensitivity static strain and temperature measurements for precision structures, and on-line system identification of a lightweight laboratory truss.
Independent Pathways for Secretion of Cholesterol and Apolipoprotein E by Macrophages (1983)

Cholesterol-loaded macrophages secrete cholesterol and apolipoprotein E. The current studies show that this secretion occurs by two independent pathways. In the absence of serum, the cells secrete apolipoprotein E, but not cholesterol. In the presence of monensin (an inhibitor of protein secretion), the cells secrete cholesterol, but little apolipoprotein E. After secretion, apolipoprotein E and cholesterol associate with high-density lipoprotein to form a particle that can deliver cholesterol to the liver by receptor-mediated endocytosis. We conclude that apolipoprotein E does not function to remove cholesterol from macrophages but rather to participate in "reverse cholesterol transport."
Information Retrieval from an Incomplete Data Cube (1996)

A data cube is a multidimensional space of aggregate values. The aggregate values in the cube are organised in a hierarchy. Values higher in the hierarchy are aggregations of values lower in the hierarchy. The hierarchical organisation supports `drill-down&amp;apos; and `rollup &amp;apos; which are operations that jump between a low precision and a high precision view of the same aggregate. A complete data cube is a data cube in which every aggregate value in the multidimensional space is stored or can be computed. An incomplete data cube is a data cube in which points in the multidimensional space are missing and cannot be computed. Incomplete data cubes change the nature of retrieving information from a cube since a requested aggregate value might be missing. This paper describes an incomplete data cube design. An incomplete data cube is modeled as a federation of cubettes. A cubette is a complete subcube within the incomplete data cube. The incomplete cube is built piecemeal by giving a concise, high...
Synthesis of β-<scp>l</scp>-Lyxofuranosyl Benzimidazoles by an Unexpected Intramolecular Displacement Reaction (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTSynthesis of β-l-Lyxofuranosyl Benzimidazoles by an Unexpected Intramolecular Displacement ReactionJean-Luc Girardet and Leroy B. TownsendView Author Information Department of Chemistry, College of Literature, Science and the Arts, and the Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 11, 4169–4172Publication Date (Web):May 12, 1999Publication History Received24 August 1998Published online12 May 1999Published inissue 1 May 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo981733thttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo981733tbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views251Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Conformation,Layers,Mixtures,Nucleic acids,Reaction products Get e-Alerts
Mediation by NF-κB of cytokine induced expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) in an intestinal epithelial cell line, a process blocked by proteasome inhibitors (1998)

TNF-alpha induction of ICAM-1 expression is mediated by the transcription factor NF-kappa B and can be inhibited by blocking I kappa B alpha degradation. Thus the I kappa B/NF-kappa B system is a promising target for pharmacological modulation of the expression of adhesion molecules and other inflammatory genes in the intestine.
Functional interactions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, retinoid-X receptor, and Sp1 in the transcriptional regulation of the acyl-coenzyme-A oxidase promoter (1995)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARs) are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily. For transcriptional activation of their target genes, PPARs heterodimerize with the retinoid-X receptor (RXR). The convergence of the PPAR and RXR signaling pathways has been shown to have an important function in lipid metabolism. The promoter of the gene encoding the acyl-coenzyme-A oxidase (ACO), the rate-limiting enzyme in peroxisomal beta-oxidation of fatty acids, is a target site of PPAR action. In this study, we examined the role and the contribution of both cis-and trans-acting factors in the transcriptional regulation of this gene using transient transfections in insect cells. We identified several functional cis-acting elements present in the promoter of the ACO gene and established that PPAR-dependent as well as PPAR-independent mechanisms can activate the ACO promoter in these cells. We show that the PPAR/RXR heterodimer exerts its effect through two response elements within the ACO promoter, in synergy with the transcription factor Sp1 via five Sp1-binding sites. Furthermore, this functional interaction also occurs when Sp1 is co-expressed with PPAR or RXR alone, indicating that activation can occur independently of PPAR/RXR heterodimers.
High Efficiency Video Coding and Other Emerging Standards (2022)

High Efficiency Video Coding and Other Emerging Standards provides an overview of high efficiency video coding (HEVC) and all its extensions and profiles. There are nearly 300 projects and problems included, and about 400 references related to HEVC alone. Next generation video coding (NGVC) beyond HEVC is also described. Other video coding standards such as AVS2, DAALA, THOR, VP9 (Google), DIRAC, VC1, and AV1 are addressed, and image coding standards such as JPEG, JPEG-LS, JPEG2000, JPEG XR, JPEG XS, JPEG XT and JPEG-Pleno are also listed.Understanding of these standards and their implementation is facilitated by overview papers, standards documents, reference software, software manuals, test sequences, source codes, tutorials, keynote speakers, panel discussions, reflector and ftp/web sites – all in the public domain. Access to these categories is also provided.
Self-monitored motives for smoking among college students. (2007)

College student smokers (N = 50) were asked to carry electronic diaries for 14 days and record smoking events (n = 1,139). They indicated why they were smoking each cigarette on a checklist of potential motives. Results suggest that a desire to reduce craving (62.8% of occasions) and habit/automatic processes (42.8%) were the most frequent motives. More dependent and daily smokers were especially likely to endorse smoking to reduce craving and for habit/automatic reasons and were less likely to cite coping with negative emotion as a reason for smoking. Dependent and daily smokers were more likely to endorse at least 1 dependence-like motive and were less likely to exclusively attribute smoking to nondependence motives. Self-monitored motives appeared valid, according with conceptually related states, activities, and events in the diary records. Diary-recorded motives were compared with smokers' responses to a retrospective motives questionnaire administered at baseline. The 2 assessment modes produced discrepant estimates of the most influential motivational processes. Questionnaire responses incompletely forecast conceptually similar diary-reported motives. Dependence and daily smoking showed a different pattern of associations with diary-based versus retrospective motives measures.
Structures of the Capsular Polysaccharides of Neisseria meningitidis as Determined by 13C-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1977)

The application of 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to the structural determination of the capsular polysaccharide antigens of Neisseria meningitidis is described. Complete assignments of the spectra of the polysaccharides of serogroups A, B, C, W-135, X and Y were made and were based mainly on previous assignments made for the monomer units of the respective polysaccharides. This technique provides information on all structural aspects of the polysaccharides including composition, mode of linkage, location of O-acetyl substituents, sequence, and conformation. In addition, nuclear magnetic resonance is nondestructive, extremely rapid, and has enormous potential in bacteriological research.
A database server for distributed real-time systems: issues and experiences (2002)

The design and implementation of database systems for real-time applications presents many new and challenging problems. In addition to maintaining data consistency, the database system must satisfy timing constraints associated with transactions. In this paper we present our experiences in integrating a database server with a real-time operating system kernel and our attempts at providing flexible control for concurrent transaction management. We chose the ARTS operating system kernel as the basis for the real-time database server. Current research issues involving the development of a programming interface and imprecise computing server are also discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>