gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mouse virulent strain of Staphylococcus epidermidis. Relation of antiphagocytic activity to the protection-inducing antigen. (1976)

Using 10(9) or 10(7) colony-forming units of a strain of Staphylococcus epidermidis (strain 1142) in saline or 5% mucin, respectively, 90 to 100% of mice died within 24 to 48 hr after intraperitoneal challenge infection. These organisms gradually multiplied in the peritoneal cavity when injected intraperitoneally into mice, while the mouse avirulent strain (strain 1124) rapidly decreased and no organisms were found there 20 hr after injection. This strain was capable of inducing resistance against challenge with homologous strains. The resistance appeared as early as the first week and disappeared the 4th week after the immunization. However, no resistance was induced with strain 1124 against challenge with strain 1142. Also, hyperimmune rabbit serum prepared with strain 1142 passively protected against challenge with homologous strain in mice. The protective antibody was absorbed out with homologous organisms but not with strain 1124. Subsequently, a surface substance was obtained from strains 1142 or 1124 by the method of Morse. The 1142 surface substance was capable of inducing a resistance against challenge with the homologous strain but not with the 1124 surface substance. Also, this substance absorbed the protective antibody in hyperimmune rabbit serum prepared with the homologous strain but not with the 1124 surface substance nor with the Smith surface antigen extracted from the Smith strain of Staphylococcus aureus. Conversely, the protective antibody in rabbit anti-Smith strain serum against challenge with the homologous strain was absorbed with the Smith surface antigen but not with the 1142 surface substance. In the agar diffusion test, the 1142 surface substance and the Smith surface antigen produced single precipitin lines only against homologous antisera. Biochemical analysis of the 1142 surface substance showed that the substance contained neither nucleic acids nor proteins but is composed of hexosamine, glycerol, phosphorus, alanine, glycine and phenylalanine.
Isolation and structure of combretastatin (1982)

The South African tree Combretumcaffrum has been shown to contain a constituent capable of significantly reversing astrocyte formation employing the National Cancer Institute's 9ASK system. The constituent responsible for astrocyte reversal was isolated and designated combretastatin (1). Structural elucidation was initiated employing spectral methods and completed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. By this means combretastatin was assigned structure 1. Further biological evaluation and a total synthesis are now in progress.
New polymeric phosphonato‐, phosphinato‐ and carboxybetaïnes, 1. Syntheses and characterization by IR spectroscopy (1986)

Abstract Neutral phosphonato‐, phosphinato‐, and carboxybetaïne moieties linked to various polymer supports, poly(styrene‐ co ‐4‐vinylpyridine) and poly(styrene‐ co ‐4‐dimethylaminomethylstyrene), were synthesized by a two step sequence. These products were characterized by means of FTIR analysis. Complexing properties towards transition metal salts are outlined.
Cyclopentadienyl, indenyl and bis(cyclopentadienyl) titanium imido compounds (1997)

The titanium tert-butyl imido compounds [Ti(NBu t )Cl 2 (NC 5 H 4 R-4) n ] (R = H, n = 2 or 3; R = Bu t , n = 2) have been found to be entry points to the half-sandwich η 5 -cyclopentadienyl derivatives [Ti(η 5 -C 5 R′ 4 R″)(NBu t )Cl(NC 5 H 4 R-4)] (R = Bu t , R′ = R″ = H or Me; R = H, R′ = H, R″ = H, Me or Pr i ; R = H, R′ = Me, R″ = Me, Et or C 4 H 7 ), the η 5 -1,2,3-trimethylindenyl species [Ti(η 5 -C 9 H 4 Me 3 )(NBu t )Cl(NC 5 H 4 Bu t -4)] and the bis(η 5 -cyclopentadienyl) compound [Ti(η 5 -C 5 H 5 ) 2 (NBu t )(NC 5 H 5 )], the crystal structure of which has been determined. The complex [Ti(η 5 -C 5 H 5 )(NBu t )Cl(NC 5 H 5 )] readily loses pyridine under vacuum in the solid state to form the binuclear complex [Ti 2 (η 5 -C 5 H 5 ) 2 ( µ-NBu t ) 2 Cl 2 ]. Treatment of [Ti(η 5 -C 5 Me 4 R)(NBu t )Cl(NC 5 H 5 )] (R = Me or Et) with Na[C 5 H 5 ] gives the corresponding mixed-ring sandwich derivatives [Ti(η 5 -C 5 H 5 )(η 5 -C 5 Me 4 R)(NBu t )Cl(NC 5 H 5 )]. Addition of Li[C 9 H 7 ] to [Ti(η 5 -C 5 H 5 )(NBu t )Cl(NC 5 H 5 )] gave the η 5 -cyclopentadienyl, η 3 -indenyl mixed-ring analogue [Ti(η 5 -C 5 H 5 )(η 3 -C 9 H 7 )(NBu t )(NC 5 H 5 )]. The complex [Ti(η 5 -C 5 H 5 ) 2 (NBu t )(NC 5 H 5 )] undergoes a room-temperature cyclopentadienyl ligand-redistribution reaction with [Ti(NBu t )Cl 2 (NC 5 H 5 ) 2 ] forming [Ti(η 5 -C 5 H 5 )(NBu t )Cl(NC 5 H 5 )] in quantitative yield. Variable-temperature NMR spectra for the half-sandwich complexes show that the co-ordinated pyridine exchanges with free pyridine via an associative mechanism. The compound [Ti(η 5 -C 5 H 5 )(η 5 -C 5 Me 4 Et)(NBu t )(NC 5 H 5 )] is also fluxional and exhibits reversible pyridine dissociation at higher temperatures and restricted rotation about the Ti–N (pyridine) bond at lower temperatures.
Ruby on Rails Web Mashup Projects (2008)

This book is project-based. The format of each project is similar, with a statement of the project, discussion of the main protocols involved, an overview of the API, and then complete code for building the project. You will be led methodically through concrete steps to build the mashup, with asides to explain the theory behind the code. This book is for Ruby on Rails developers who want to expand the features of their site by consuming remote external data and services. Basic knowledge of Ruby on Rails programming is required but you need not have any experience of any of the APIs used.
A One-Step Synthesis of Monoprotected Polyethylene Glycol Ethers (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTA One-Step Synthesis of Monoprotected Polyethylene Glycol EthersNeal N. Reed and Kim D. JandaView Author Information Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California [email protected] Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 2000, 65, 18, 5843–5845Publication Date (Web):August 17, 2000Publication History Received24 March 2000Published online17 August 2000Published inissue 1 September 2000https://doi.org/10.1021/jo000442tCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1670Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (33 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Diols,Ethers,Polymers,Potassium Get e-Alerts
Advances and potential treatment for Philadelphia chromosome-positive adult acute lymphoid leukaemia (2006)

Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is the most common subtype of ALL in adults. Conventional chemotherapy-based approaches that are effective in other precursor B cell ALL cases have a poor chances of cure in patients with a Ph+ diagnosis. Therefore, allogeneic stem cell transplantation performed during the first remission is the recommended therapy. Recently, the availability of imatinib mesylate and other tyrosine kinase inhibitors and small molecules that affect the BCR/ABL signalling pathways has introduced a new therapeutic opportunity, and could change the treatment paradigm and prognosis for these patients. In this article, the results from clinical trials using imatinib in relapsed/refractory patients and as front-line therapy are described. In addition, preliminary experiences with novel tyrosine kinase inhibitors in imatinib-resistant Ph+ ALL are discussed.
The enantioselective synthesis of (-)-physostigmine via chiral sulfoxides (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe enantioselective synthesis of (-)-physostigmine via chiral sulfoxidesJ. P. Marino, S. Bogdan, and K. KimuraCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 14, 5566–5572Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00040a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00040a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views853Altmetric-Citations87LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Simultaneous Drill and Case Technology - Case Histories, Status and Options for Further Development (2000)

Simultaneous Drill and Case Technology-Case Histories, Status and Options for Further Development Detlef Hahn; Detlef Hahn Baker Hughes Inteq Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Wilhelmus Van Gestel; Wilhelmus Van Gestel BP Amoco Norway AS Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Norbert Fröhlich; Norbert Fröhlich Baker Hughes Inteq Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Glenn Stewart Glenn Stewart Baker Hughes Inteq Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Paper presented at the IADC/SPE Drilling Conference, New Orleans, Louisiana, February 2000. Paper Number: SPE-59126-MS https://doi.org/10.2118/59126-MS Published: February 23 2000 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Get Permissions Search Site Citation Hahn, Detlef, Van Gestel, Wilhelmus, Fröhlich, Norbert, and Glenn Stewart. "Simultaneous Drill and Case Technology-Case Histories, Status and Options for Further Development." Paper presented at the IADC/SPE Drilling Conference, New Orleans, Louisiana, February 2000. doi: https://doi.org/10.2118/59126-MS Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll ProceedingsSociety of Petroleum Engineers (SPE)SPE/IADC Drilling Conference and Exhibition Search Advanced Search Abstract Drilling liner technology has become a standard for entering depleted reservoirs in areas of the North Sea and Southeast Asia and interest continues to increase for use of drilling liners to overcome other drilling problems. Marketing analyses have shown that further development of drilling liner technology and application has been rated with high priority.Based on experience gathered during the last five years, this paper covers possible further Drilling Liner applications, new challenges, and requirements for new systems. "Drill and Case" systems will be introduced and benefits shown by means of case histories of jobs carried out in Norway and Indonesia. Keywords: bha, upstream oil & gas, valhall field, simultaneous drill, case history, hole section, inner string, application, liner, drilling liner Subjects: Drillstring Design, Drill Bits, Drilling Operations, Pressure Management, Drilling Equipment, Drilling Fluids and Materials, Casing and Cementing, Reservoir Characterization, Formation Evaluation & Management, Drill pipe selection Copyright 2000, IADC/SPE Drilling Conference You can access this article if you purchase or spend a download.
Optical transmission of Mylar and Teflon films (1994)

In an application involving light transmission via total internal reflection, the light is attenuated at each reflection by passage through a thin film. To choose a film that would minimize the attenuation we had to measure the optical properties of Mylar and Teflon. Our results showed that type-D Mylar was preferable.
Purification of genomic DNA from human whole blood by isopropanol-fractionation with concentrated Nal and SDS (1994)

Journal Article Purification of genomic DNA from human whole blood by isopropanol-fractionation with concentrated Nal and SDS Get access Lu Wang, Lu Wang Osaka Research Laboratories, Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd, 6-1Takada-cho, Amagasaki, Hyogo 661, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Kazunari Hirayasu, Kazunari Hirayasu * Osaka Research Laboratories, Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd, 6-1Takada-cho, Amagasaki, Hyogo 661, Japan * To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Masaki Ishizawa, Masaki Ishizawa Osaka Research Laboratories, Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd, 6-1Takada-cho, Amagasaki, Hyogo 661, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Yoshiteru Kobayashi Yoshiteru Kobayashi Osaka Research Laboratories, Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd, 6-1Takada-cho, Amagasaki, Hyogo 661, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 22, Issue 9, 11 May 1994, Pages 1774–1775, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/22.9.1774 Published: 11 May 1994 Article history Received: 24 January 1994 Revision received: 25 March 1994 Accepted: 25 March 1994 Published: 11 May 1994
Rickettsia tsutsugamushi infections in chiggers and small mammals on a mature oil palm estate. (1978)

An epidemiological study in a mature oil palm estate in Peninsular Malaysia has demonstrated a low prevalence of R. tsutsugamushi infection in small mammals. The direct fluorescent antibody technique for assaying infections in chiggers proved more sensitive than mouse inoculation. Most infections in both chiggers and rodents were caused by the Karp strain.
Radar synthetic vision system for adverse weather aircraft landing (1999)

A synthetic vision system (SVS) is described for aid in landing aircraft in poor weather conditions. The system consists of a scanning millimeter wave radar, heads-up display and real-time signal processing hardware. A suite of fast image processing algorithms are used for enhancing and displaying of the imagery. The system has been tested in number of tower and flight demonstration during actual adverse weather conditions. The significance of the work is in both system demonstration of the overall concept and the novelty of its signal processing algorithms.
Rheology of molten polystyrene with dissolved supercritical and near-critical gases (1999)

The viscosities of polystyrene melts containing three different dissolved gases, carbon dioxide, and the refrigerants R134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane) and R152a (1,1-difluoroethane) are investigated at pressures up to 20 MPa. These pressures reach near-critical and supercritical conditions for the three gas components, and produce polymer–gas solutions containing up to 10 wt % gas. The measurements are performed in a sealed high-pressure capillary rheometer at 150 and 175°C, and at shear rates ranging from 1–2,000 s−1. Very large reductions in melt viscosity are observed at high gas loading; at 150°C, 10 wt % R152a reduces the Newtonian viscosity by nearly three orders of magnitude relative to pure polystyrene. The viscosity data for all three polystyrene–gas systems follows ideal viscoelastic scaling, whereby the set of viscosity curves for a polymer-gas system can be scaled to a master curve of reduced viscosity vs. reduced shear rate identical to the viscosity curve for the pure polymer. The viscoelastic scaling factors representing the effect of dissolved gas content on rheological behavior are found to follow roughly the same variation with composition for all three polystyrene gas systems. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 37: 2771–2781, 1999
[Clinical significance of antinuclear antibodies and other serological abnormalities in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)]. (2009)

Antinuclear antibodies are main serologic halmark of SLE. Some of them are patogenic. Others are epiphenomenon. Clinical significance of some antibodies are important in making dyagnosis of the disease, others are more importnat in monitoring the disease. Some antibodies are in correlation with particular clinical signs of the diseases.
Influence of Flickering Light on the Retinal Vessels in Diabetic Patients (2007)

Flicker responses of retinal vessels are abnormally reduced in diabetic patients. This decreased response deteriorated with increasing stages of retinopathy. The response was already reduced before clinical appearance of retinopathy. The noninvasive testing of retinal autoregulation with DVA might prove to be of value in early detection of diabetic vessel pathological changes.
MARKED THINNING OF THE BREAST SKIN FLAPS AFTER THE INSERTION OF IMPLANTS CONTAINING TRIAMCINOLONE (1977)

In 14 mastectomy patients I did bilateral breast reconstruction with double gel-saline implants. In the first two patients we added triamcinolone to the saline solution, and they developed marked thinning and atrophy of the whole anterior surface of each breast--with impending rupture and loss of the cutaneous coverage. The implants were removed, and other implants (not containing any steroid) were inserted. Satisfactory results followed. In 12 other patients I used double implants containing 10 to 20 mg of methylprednisolone (instead of triamcinolone). The above complication has not appeared in this group.
Mildly oxidised low density lipoprotein induces platelet shape change via Rho‐kinase‐dependent phosphorylation of myosin light chain and moesin (2000)

Oxidised low density lipoprotein (LDL) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Here we demonstrate that mildly oxidised (mox) LDL engages the GTPase Rho and its effector molecule p160 Rho-kinase to induce phosphorylation of myosin light chain and of moesin leading to platelet shape change. Pretreatment of platelets with the selective Rho inhibitor C3-transferase from Clostridium botulinum or with the Rho-kinase inhibitor Y-27632 blocked mox-LDL-induced myosin light chain phosphorylation, moesin phosphorylation and shape change. Mox-LDL did not induce an increase in cytosolic Ca(2+) during shape change. We propose that Rho/Rho-kinase inhibition could be a strategy for prevention of the pathologic platelet activation during atherogenesis.
Treatment of Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome with Gabapentin (1999)

Four in-patients with moderate alcohol-withdrawal syndromes benefited from treatment with gabapentin administered in an add-on fashion to clomethiazole. In comparison with the amount of clomethiazole required as estimated using a specially developed score during previous detoxifications of these patients at our hospital, gabapentin (400 mg q.i.d.) clearly reduced the amount of clomethiazole needed now Gabapentin, an anticonvulsant with favorable pharmacokinetic properties and tolerability, and with no known risk of dependence, may therefore be a useful new drug in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal. We believe that the potential value of gabapentin in alcohol withdrawal deserves further controlled studies.
Improved word alignments for statistical machine translation (2007)

All state of the art statistical machine translation systems and many example-based machine translation systems depend on an annotation of word-level translational correspondence between sets of parallel sentences. Such an annotation of two parallel sentences is called a alignment. The largest number of manually annotated word alignments currently available to the research community for any pair of languages consists of alignments for only thousands of parallel sentences, even though there are several orders of magnitude more parallel sentences available. For instance, for the task of translating Chinese news articles to English, there are currently on the order of 10 million parallel sentences. This is too many for manual alignment, so they must be automatically word aligned. 
Unsupervised word alignment systems generate poor quality alignments, often using statistical word alignment models developed over 10 years ago, but most recent research into improving word alignments has not led to improved translation. There are several reasons for this: (1) There is no good metric which can be used to automatically measure word alignment quality for the translation task. (2) Statistical word alignment models are based on assumptions about the structure of the problem which are incorrect. (3) It is difficult to add new sources of linguistic knowledge because many current systems must be completely reengineered for each new knowledge source. (4) Statistical models of word alignment are most often learned in an unsupervised training process which is unable to take advantage of annotated data. 
This thesis remedies these problems by making contributions in the following three areas: (1) We have found a new method for automatically measuring alignment quality using an unbalanced F-Measure metric. We have validated that this metric adequately measures alignment quality for the translation task. We have shown that the metric can be used to derive a loss function for discriminative training approaches, and it is useful for measuring progress during the development of new word alignment procedures. (2) We have designed a new statistical model for word alignment called LEAF, which directly models the word alignment structure as it is used for machine translation, in contrast with previous models which make unreasonable structural assumptions. (3) We have developed a semi-supervised training algorithm, the EMD algorithm, which automatically takes advantage of whatever quantity of manually annotated data can be obtained. The use of the EMD algorithm allows for the introduction of new knowledge sources with minimal effort. 
We have shown that these contributions improve state of the art statistical machine translation systems in experiments on challenging large data sets.