gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
OCT skin image enhancement through attenuation compensation (2012)

The enhancement of optical coherence tomography (OCT) skin images can help dermatologists investigate the morphologic information of the images more effectively. In this paper, we propose an enhancement algorithm with the stages that includes speckle reduction, skin layer detection, and attenuation compensation. A weighted median filter is designed to reduce the level of speckle while preserving the contrast. A novel skin layer detection technique is then applied to outline the main skin layers: stratum corneum, epidermis, and dermis. The skin layer detection algorithm does not make any assumption about the structure of the skin. A model of the light attenuation is then used to estimate the attenuation coefficient of the stratum corneum, epidermis, and dermis layers. The performance of the algorithm has been evaluated qualitatively based on visual evaluation and quantitatively using two no-reference quality metrics: signal-to-noise ratio and contrast-to-noise ratio. The enhancement algorithm is tested on 35 different skin OCT images, which show significant improvements in the quality of the images, especially in the structures at deeper levels.
Representing Context in Simulator-based Human Performance Measurement (2006)

During a deliberate attack on an insurgent-held city, a Marine infantry company receives fire from a small building next to a mosque. What should the artillery Forward Observer (FO) do? The answer depends on context. If the fire coming from the building causes casualties, the FO should conduct an Immediate Suppression mission. If the insurgents' fires do not have any effects on the Marines below and they can take cover, the FO needs to formulate a course of action with the company commander. How would we measure FO performance in simulator-based training for this scenario? It's not enough simply to take obvious measurements like target location error or target/ammunition combination. We must have an understanding of the FO's context, and measure and assess the FO's performance accordingly. The performance measurement infrastructure in the training environment must support these activities. In this talk, we discuss a formal representation of context for human performance measurement in immersive training environments and how that representation fits into an innovative language for expressing those measurements, Human Performance Measurement Language (HPML). We show how context plays a role both as triggers for measurements and as key information for assessments, and demonstrate a method for convenient elicitation of context information from expert instructor/operators. We provide illustrative examples of training mission contexts and show how they may be represented using this formalism. We further discuss how we have implemented context representation capabilities in real-world simulator-based training situations, including a forward observer simulator operating in a variant of a Distributed Virtual Training Environment-based federation and an F/A-18 simulator flying in a Navy Aviation Simulation Master Plan-based federation.
Automated Retinal Image Analysis Over the Internet (2008)

Retinal clinicians and researchers make extensive use of images, and the current emphasis is on digital imaging of the retinal fundus. The goal of this paper is to introduce a system, known as retinal image vessel extraction and registration system, which provides the community of retinal clinicians, researchers, and study directors an integrated suite of advanced digital retinal image analysis tools over the Internet. The capabilities include vasculature tracing and morphometry, joint (simultaneous) montaging of multiple retinal fields, cross-modality registration (color/red-free fundus photographs and fluorescein angiograms), and generation of flicker animations for visualization of changes from longitudinal image sequences. Each capability has been carefully validated in our previous research work. The integrated Internet-based system can enable significant advances in retina-related clinical diagnosis, visualization of the complete fundus at full resolution from multiple low-angle views, analysis of longitudinal changes, research on the retinal vasculature, and objective, quantitative computer-assisted scoring of clinical trials imagery. It could pave the way for future screening services from optometry facilities.
Factors Influencing the Capacity Fade of Spinel Lithium Manganese Oxides (2004)

With the aim of developing a better understanding of the capacity fading mechanisms of spinel manganese oxides, the percent capacity fade of a number of singly substituted Al, Ti, Co, Ni, and Cu and and doubly substituted Ti, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Ga, and oxides is correlated to the initial lattice parameter, initial manganese valence, degree of manganese dissolution, electrode resistance, irreversible capacity (IRC) loss in the first cycle, and lattice parameter difference between the two cubic phases formed in the two-phase region during the charge-discharge process. The doubly substituted samples exhibit a combination of superior capacity retention and rate capability with lower IRC compared to despite a similar amount of manganese dissolution due to a low and the consequent low microstrain. The samples with a low are also characterized by a lower initial lattice parameter and a higher initial Mn valence of >3.58+ for the as-prepared samples. The percent capacity fade, IRC, and all exhibit a sharp decrease as the initial Mn valence in the as-prepared sample exceeds 3.58+. © 2004 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Current research and development topics on gas cluster ion-beam processes (2005)

This report reviews the developing field of ion-beam technology that employs accelerated ions consisting of clusters of a few hundreds to thousands of atoms (gas cluster ion-beam technology, GCIB). Cluster ion-surface collisions have been found to produce low-energy bombardment effects at very high density, and GCIB processes exhibit unique nonlinear effects that are useful for surface processing applications. The effects include low-energy ion bombardment, lateral sputtering, and low-temperature thin-film formation. GCIB processing has been applied to shallow junction formation; high rate etching; surface smoothing of materials including metals, dielectrics, superconductors, and diamonds; and high-k oxide and diamond-like carbon thin-film deposition. We describe the unique characteristics of GCIB-surface interactions and GCIB process applications for (i) ultrashallow junction formation and doping in Si, (ii) surface smoothing of metals, (iii) selective smoothing of silicon-on-insulator SiC, and other compound semiconductor films, (iv) integrated circuit back-end-of-the-line processing, and (v) high-quality multilayer thin-film formation for reliable and durable optical filters.
Glycine transporter isoforms in the mammalian central nervous system: structures, functions and therapeutic promises. (2003)

The amino acid glycine (Gly) serves as a neurotransmitter at excitatory and inhibitory synapses in the mammalian central nervous system. Gly concentrations at post-synaptic neurotransmitter receptors are regulated by Na+/Cl(-)-dependent Gly transporters, which are expressed in neurons and in glial cells. Recent evidence suggests that these transporters are promising targets for the treatment of psychiatric and neurological disorders, such as schizophrenia and pain. Here, recent research on the structure, regulation and pharmacology of mammalian Gly transporters is reviewed.
Water soluble conducting polyanilines: Applications in lithography (1993)

A new class of water soluble conducting polyanilines has been developed. This is accomplished by oxidatively polymerizing aniline monomers on a template such as a polymeric acid. The resulting polyanilines readily dissolve in water. These materials can be applied as removable discharge layers for electron-beam lithography and for mask inspection by scanning electron microscopy. They can be spin-applied directly on top of resists without any interfacial problems. Image distortion as a result of charging during resist exposure is not observed with these materials. After exposure the polyaniline is readily and cleanly removed during the resist develop. By incorporating cross-linkable functionality on the polyaniline backbone, water soluble polyanilines that are radiation curable are attained. Upon irradiation these materials cross-link and become insoluble and thus can be utilized as permanent conducting coatings for electrostatic discharge applications. In addition, the cross-linkable polyanilines can be used as water developable conducting resists. 1.0 μm conducting lines have been patterned with electron-beam irradiation.
Phased array and adaptive antenna transceivers in wireless sensor networks (2004)

Adaptive antenna and phased array are powerful techniques in wireless communication. The phased array can transmit the signal to the preferred direction with the desired coverage. It introduces the concept of space division multiple access in addition to the CDMA, TDMA and FDMA. Additionally adaptive antenna can use the same arrangement of the antenna array to improve the SINR dramatically by spatially filtering out any interference. These two techniques are promising for introducing flexible and efficient algorithms for wireless sensor networks. This paper focuses on the structure implemented in the sensor node transceiver and uses the 4-element circular antenna array as an example. It also discusses what advantages these techniques provide in wireless sensor networks.
[A late phase II study of CPT-11 on uterine cervical cancer and ovarian cancer. Research Groups of CPT-11 in Gynecologic Cancers]. (1991)

A late phase II study of CPT-11, a new derivative of camptothecin, in uterine cervical cancer and ovarian cancer was carried out by a cooperative study group at 26 institutions. Out of 144 patients enrolled, total cases were 110, involving 55 uterine cervical cancers and 55 ovarian cancers. In uterine cervical cancer, 5 cases of complete response (CR) and 8 cases of partial response (PR) were observed, with a response rate of 23.6% and a CR rate of 9.1%. In ovarian cancer, 13 cases of PR were observed, response rate was 23.6%. Both in uterine cervical cancer and ovarian cancer, the 95% confidence interval of response rate was 12.4-34.8%. In cases having undergone previous chemotherapy including platinum, derivatives, the response rate in ovarian cancer was 23.1% (12/52). In cases of uterine cervical cancer having previous radiotherapy, the response rate was 26.8% (11/41). In ovarian cancer of various histological types, a response was observed for not only serous cystadenocarcinoma but also mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, etc. A response was observed in distant metastatic lesions such as lung metastasis as well as primary lesion in uterine cervical cancer and ovarian cancer. Major adverse reactions were leukopenia, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea and anorexia, and these incidences (grade 2 or more) were 87.3, 60.3, 44.0 and 67.2%, respectively. Since some patients experienced severe adverse reactions, caution should be taken in treatment with CPT-11. Besides these reactions, alopecia was observed (33.1%), but severe adverse reactions such as nephropathy were not found. No significant difference in the efficacy and adverse reactions were observed between administration methods; A, 100 mg/m2 once weekly and B, 150 mg/m2 once every 2 weeks. Both were thought to be clinically useful. These results suggest that CPT-11 is clinically effective against uterine cervical cancer and ovarian cancer.
CARGO: effective format-free compressed storage of genomic information (2016)

The recent super-exponential growth in the amount of sequencing data generated worldwide has put techniques for compressed storage into the focus. Most available solutions, however, are strictly tied to specific bioinformatics formats, sometimes inheriting from them suboptimal design choices; this hinders flexible and effective data sharing. Here, we present CARGO (Compressed ARchiving for GenOmics), a high-level framework to automatically generate software systems optimized for the compressed storage of arbitrary types of large genomic data collections. Straightforward applications of our approach to FASTQ and SAM archives require a few lines of code, produce solutions that match and sometimes outperform specialized format-tailored compressors and scale well to multi-TB datasets. All CARGO software components can be freely downloaded for academic and non-commercial use from http://bio-cargo.sourceforge.net.
Study on the reform of teaching model and curriculum of undergraduate preventive medical education (2008)

Objective To establish a new teaching model and curriculum of undergraduate preven-tive medicine. Method The new teaching model and curriculum was established based on the results of the questionnaire and the experiences of our teaching practice. Results There were less course hours and more elective courses in the new teaching model and curriculum which concentrated on the cultivation of the students' comprehensive abilities and practical skills. Conclusions The new teaching model and curricu-lum was helpful for the cultivation of preventive medicine talents in the 21st century.

Key words: 
Teaching model ;  Curriculum system ;  Preventive medicine
Gold-Labeled Nanoparticle-Based Immunoresonance Scattering Spectral Assay for Trace Apolipoprotein AI and Apolipoprotein B (2006)

This method showed high sensitivity and good selectivity for quantitative determination of ApoAI and ApoB in human serum, with satisfactory results.
New Therapeutic Agents of the Quinoline Seriess : Part I. Fused Quinolyl Compounds (1967)

By condensation of chrorman-2, 4-diones, isocoumaranone, beta-tetralone, 5-rnethoxy 7-hydroxy indan-1, 3-dione with (I) anthranilic acid, (2) <em>o</em>-nitro benzaldehyde and (3) dimethoxy <em>o</em>-nitrobenzaldehyde followed by subsequent reduction of the <em>o</em>-nitrobenzylidene derivatives, heterocyclic compounds with fused quinoline rings were prepared and tested for their antispasmodic and antihistaminic properties.
Localization of a factor VIII-inhibiting antibody epitope to a region between residues 338 and 362 of factor VIII heavy chain. (1988)

We have used a recombinant DNA epitope library to localize the binding region of a factor VIII (FVIII) monoclonal antibody that neutralizes coagulant activity. The antibody, C5, has previously been described and has been shown to have a FVIII neutralizing potency of 1488 Bethesda units per mg of purified immunoglobulin. A recombinant DNA epitope library was constructed from short, random FVIII cDNA fragments and immunologically screened with C5 to identify bacteriophage expressing the antigenic determinant. The isolation and characterization of immunoreactive bacteriophage restricted the C5 epitope to the overlapping or shared DNA sequence of nine different clones and corresponded to amino acid residues 338-362 of the mature FVIII peptide. The defined epitope is between the proposed activated protein C cleavage site (Arg-336) and thrombin cleavage site (Arg-372) on the amino-terminal 90-kDa FVIII heavy-chain subunit. The identification of the epitope of an inhibiting anti-FVIII antibody between two critical cleavage sites suggests that this amino acid sequence plays a role in regulating FVIII coagulant activity.
SOT-MRAM based on 1Transistor-1MTJ-cell structure (2015)

We propose a new method of soft magnetic layer switching based on torques generated by the spin Hall effect and show a possibility of building 1Transistor-1MTJ cells with different paths for read and write operations. By performing extensive micromagnetic modeling our switching method has been verified.
Occlusion vs. skin barrier function (2002)

The effects of occlusion on skin barrier function have been defined with various techniques. Optimal hydrocolloid materials can absorb excess water and reduce the unfavourable effects of occlusion.
Flowing cells through pulsed electric fields efficiently purges stem cell preparations of contaminating myeloma cells while preserving stem cell function (2004)

Autologous stem cell transplantation, in the setting of hematologic malignancies such as lymphoma, improves disease-free survival if the graft has undergone tumor purging. Here we show that flowing hematopoietic cells through pulsed electric fields (PEFs) effectively purges myeloma cells without sacrificing functional stem cells. Electric fields can induce irreversible cell membrane pores in direct relation to cell diameter, an effect we exploit in a flowing system appropriate for clinical scale. Multiple myeloma (MM) cell lines admixed with human bone marrow (BM) or peripheral blood (PB) cells were passed through PEFs at 1.35 kV/cm to 1.4 kV/cm, resulting in 3- to 4-log tumor cell depletion by flow cytometry and 4.5- to 6-log depletion by tumor regrowth cultures. Samples from patients with MM gave similar results by cytometry. Stem cell engraftment into nonobese diabetic-severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID)/beta2m-/- mice was unperturbed by PEFs. Flowing cells through PEFs is a promising technology for rapid tumor cell purging of clinical progenitor cell preparations.
Mining your Ps and Qs: detection of widespread weak keys in network devices (2012)

RSA and DSA can fail catastrophically when used with malfunctioning random number generators, but the extent to which these problems arise in practice has never been comprehensively studied at Internet scale. We perform the largest ever network survey of TLS and SSH servers and present evidence that vulnerable keys are surprisingly widespread. We find that 0.75 % of TLS certificates share keys due to insufficient entropy during key generation, and we suspect that another 1.70 % come from the same faulty implementations and may be susceptible to compromise. Even more alarmingly, we are able to obtain RSA private keys for 0.50 % of TLS hosts and 0.03 % of SSH hosts, because their public keys shared nontrivial common factors due to entropy problems, and DSA private keys for 1.03 % of SSH hosts, because of insufficient signature randomness. We cluster and investigate the vulnerable hosts, finding that the vast majority appear to be headless or embedded devices. In experiments with three software components commonly used by these devices, we are able to reproduce the vulnerabilities and identify specific software behaviors that induce them, including a boot-time entropy hole in the Linux random number generator. Finally, we suggest defenses and draw lessons for developers, users, and the security community. 1
Interaction Cloning: Identification of a Helix-Loop-Helix Zipper Protein that Interacts with c-Fos (1992)

A facile method for isolating genes that encode interacting proteins has been developed with a polypeptide probe that contains an amino-terminal extension with recognition sites for a monoclonal antibody, a specific endopeptidase, and a site-specific protein kinase. This probe, containing the basic region-leucine zipper dimerization motif of c-Fos, was used to screen a complementary DNA library. A complementary DNA that encoded a member of the basic-helix-loop-helix-zipper (bHLH-Zip) family of proteins was isolated. The complementary DNA-encoded polypeptide FIP (Fos interacting protein) bound to oligonucleotide probes that contained DNA binding motifs for other HLH proteins. When cotransfected with c-Fos, FIP stimulated transcription of an AP-1-responsive promoter.
Experimental and Clinical Use of pH Monitoring of Free Tissue Transfers (1993)

No current method of flap monitoring is ideal for use in all types of free tissue transfers. No method provides objective, easily communicated data that is identical in all types of transfers. In particular, reliable monitoring of buried transfers has proved difficult with available methods. The rat anterior thigh flap based on the external iliac vascular pedicle was introduced by us as a model of deep free tissue transfer. Four sets of 10 flaps were raised in the following groups: Group A (control), Group B (arterial occlusion), Group C (venous occlusion), and Group D (arterial and venous occlusion). Postoperative muscle flap pH was measured with a micro-pH electrode (1.2 mm) and correlated with arterial blood gas. Results showed excellent correlation of flap and serum pH over time (mean flap pH, 7.28; mean serum pH, 7.30). Arterial occlusion produced a rapid drop in flap pH of 0.66 pH units at 1 hour. Venous occlusion pH drop was 0.27 pH units at 1 hour, 0.53 pH units at 3 hours. Arterial and venous occlusion produced a pH drop of 0.55 pH units at 1 hour. The most rapid rate of pH drop occurred immediately after vessel occlusion. We have used continuous pH monitoring in 21 free tissue transfers for up to 84 hours after surgery. PH values remained constant in each transfer (range, 7.20-7.50; grand mean, 7.35). There was one flap failure among the monitored group of flaps, which was predicted by pH drop before loss of Doppler pulse.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
High-speed baud-rate clock and data recovery (2007)

This work focuses on the practical aspects of high speed baud-rate clock and data recovery (CDR). Baud-rate CDRs reduce the number of clock sampling phases compared to edge-sample phase detector (PD) based CDRs. These CDRs do not require transition samples in addition to the data samples for timing information. Baud-rate CDRs exploit other properties of the incoming data for timing information. Typical baud-rate CDRs rely on specific patterns for timing recovery. However, minimum mean squared error (MMSE) PD based CDRs rely on the slope and error information for timing recovery and therefore are not pattern dependent. A modified form of MMSE simplifies the conventional MMSE algorithm for NRZ data such that only the slope information is required. Three different slope detection techniques are presented: one with an integrate and dump, one with an active filter and the other with a passive filter. The passive filter is most suitable for slope detection at high-speeds. A prototype passive filter in 0.18 pin CMOS is implemented and tested upto 10-Gb/s and consumes 21.6 mW including a pre-amplifier stage. A half-rate modified MMSE PD-based CDR architecture using the passive slope detector is proposed and compared with a conventional edge-sample PD based CDR using identical circuit blocks. Simulations predict improved jitter performance for the proposed technique and similar power consumptions for the two techniques.