gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Circulating Angiogenic Factors in the Pathogenesis and Prediction of Preeclampsia (2005)

Preeclampsia is a major cause of maternal, fetal, and neonatal mortality worldwide. Although the etiology of preeclampsia is still unclear, recent studies suggest that its major phenotypes, high blood pressure and proteinuria, are due in part to excess circulating soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 concentrations. Soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 is an endogenous antiangiogenic protein that is made by the placenta and acts by neutralizing the proangiogenic proteins vascular endothelial growth factor and placental growth factor. High serum soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 and low serum free placental growth factor and free vascular endothelial growth factor have been observed in preeclampsia. Abnormalities in these circulating angiogenic proteins are not only present during clinical preeclampsia but also antedate clinical symptoms by several weeks. Therefore, this raises the possibility of measuring circulating angiogenic proteins in the blood and the urine as a diagnostic and screening tool for preeclampsia. The availability of a test to predict preeclampsia would be a powerful tool in preventing preeclampsia-induced mortality, especially in developing nations, where high-risk specialists are limited. This review will summarize our current understanding of the role of circulating angiogenic proteins in the pathogenesis and clinical diagnosis/prediction of preeclampsia.
Identification of type-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses to homologous viral proteins in laboratory workers accidentally infected with HIV-1. (1997)

Characterization of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against HIV-1 has been limited by the use of target cells expressing viral proteins from laboratory isolates of HIV-1. This approach has favored identification of group-specific CTL responses and precluded assessment of the extent of type-specific CTL responses directed against HIV-1. Using cells expressing viral proteins from the HIV-1 IIIB strain, we performed a detailed characterization of HIV-1-specific CTL response in three laboratory workers accidentally infected with HIV-1 IIIB. Eight of the epitopes identified were group specific, lying in relatively conserved regions of Gag, reverse transcriptase, and envelope. Three type-specific epitopes were identified, two of them in highly variable regions of envelope. In longitudinal studies in one subject, seven different epitopes and five different restricting HLA class I alleles were identified, with a progressive increase in the number of CTL epitopes recognized by this subject over time. Our data demonstrate that type-specific CTL responses make up a significant proportion of the host cellular immune response against HIV-1 and that a broadening of epitope specificity may occur.
Synthetic Studies Directed toward the Pseurotins. Part I. Synthesis of Related Furan‐3(2<i>H</i>)‐ones (1990)

Abstract According to a general concept for the total synthesis of pseurotin A ( 1 ), a secondary metabolite of Pseudeurotium ovalis S TOLK , 5‐[(1 S ,2 S , Z )‐1,2‐dihydroxyhex‐3‐enyl]‐2,2,4‐trimethylfuran‐3(2 H )‐one ( 17 ) was prepared. It is a model substance for the substituted furan‐3(2 H )‐one moiety of 1 . The aldol condensation of the aldehyde 26 , derived from D‐glucose, and the enolate of ketone 29 served as key reaction.
Radiometry and the detection of optical radiation (1983)

Presents a treatment of fundamental aspects of the generation, transfer and detection of optical and infra-red radiation. Emphasis placed on practical aspects of radiometry in detection. Discusses formal principles of radiometry, signal-to-noise considerations in the detection of optical radiation, and the operation of various radiation detectors. Includes tables and graphs of blackbody functions.
Strategies to Optimize Protein Expression in<i>E. coli</i> (2010)

Recombinant protein expression in Escherichia coli (E. coli) is simple, fast, inexpensive, and robust, with the expressed protein comprising up to 50 percent of the total cellular protein. However, it also has disadvantages. For example, the rapidity of bacterial protein expression often results in unfolded/misfolded proteins, especially for heterologous proteins that require longer times and/or molecular chaperones to fold correctly. In addition, the highly reductive environment of the bacterial cytosol and the inability of E. coli to perform several eukaryotic post-translational modifications results in the insoluble expression of proteins that require these modifications for folding and activity. Fortunately, multiple, novel reagents and techniques have been developed that allow for the efficient, soluble production of a diverse range of heterologous proteins in E. coli. This overview describes variables at each stage of a protein expression experiment that can influence solubility and offers a summary of strategies used to optimize soluble expression in E. coli.
Blind Equalization and Carrier Recovery Using a "Stop-and-Go" Decision-Directed Algorithm (1987)

We show that the standard decision-directed estimatedgradient adaptation algorithm for joint MSE equalization and carrier recovery, normally utilized in the open-eye condition, can be turned into an algorithm providing effective blind convergence in the MSE sense, usable in the closed-eye startup phase with no need of a known training sequence. This is obtained by means of a simple flag telling both the equalizer and the synchronizer whether the current output error with respect to the decided symbol is sufficiently reliable to be used. If not, adaptation is stopped for the current iteration. In the paper, this "stopand-go" decision-directed algorithm is presented for both linear and decision-feedback MSE complex equalizers with joint blind carrier recovery. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique.
Fluorescence-based cycle sequencing with primers selected from a nonamer library. (1995)

We have previously demonstrated that nonamers can prime manual T7 polymerase sequencing reactions. We next wanted to determine whether nonamers could be used to prime sequencing reactions for the Applied Biosystems Model 373A fluorescence-based sequencer. Both the Applied Biosystems T7 and Taq DNA Polymerase DyeDeoxy Terminator methodologies were tested, and successful results were obtained using a modified Taq DNA polymerase cycle sequencing procedure. The best nonamer cycle sequencing reaction conditions found, thus far, include denaturation at 96 degrees C for 30 s, primer-template annealing at 20 degrees C for 5 min, a 5-min ramp to the extension temperature, extension at 60 degrees C for 4 min and repeating this cycle 50 times. Furthermore, we found that the results were greatly improved by using linear (restriction enzyme cut) and alkaline-denatured, double-stranded DNA in combination with a doubling (2x) of the standard cycle sequencing reaction mixture containing a 2% final concentration of dimethyl sulfoxide. A total of 121 nonamer primers were tested, and approximately 50% primed successful cycle sequencing reactions. An average reading length of 257 bp was obtained from the successful reactions.
Isolation and Characterization of <i>Suv39h2</i>, a Second Histone H3 Methyltransferase Gene That Displays Testis-Specific Expression (2000)

Higher-order chromatin has been implicated in epigenetic gene control and in the functional organization of chromosomes. We have recently discovered mouse (Suv39h1) and human (SUV39H1) histone H3 lysine 9-selective methyltransferases (Suv39h HMTases) and shown that they modulate chromatin dynamics in somatic cells. We describe here the isolation, chromosomal assignment, and characterization of a second murine gene, Suv39h2. Like Suv39h1, Suv39h2 encodes an H3 HMTase that shares 59% identity with Suv39h1 but which differs by the presence of a highly basic N terminus. Using fluorescent in situ hybridization and haplotype analysis, the Suv39h2 locus was mapped to the subcentromeric region of mouse chromosome 2, whereas the Suv39h1 locus resides at the tip of the mouse X chromosome. Notably, although both Suv39h loci display overlapping expression profiles during mouse embryogenesis, Suv39h2 transcripts remain specifically expressed in adult testes. Immunolocalization of Suv39h2 protein during spermatogenesis indicates enriched distribution at the heterochromatin from the leptotene to the round spermatid stage. Moreover, Suv39h2 specifically accumulates with chromatin of the sex chromosomes (XY body) which undergo transcriptional silencing during the first meiotic prophase. These data are consistent with redundant enzymatic roles for Suv39h1 and Suv39h2 during mouse development and suggest an additional function of the Suv39h2 HMTase in organizing meiotic heterochromatin that may even impart an epigenetic imprint to the male germ line.
Complete remission induced by rituximab in refractory, seronegative, muscle-specific, kinase-positive myasthenia gravis (2006)

Rituximab is a chimeric IgG1 κ monoclonal antibody that targets CD20, a transmembrane phosphoprotein on most B cells. Rituximab depletes B cells by binding to the CD20 molecule and initiating complement-dependent cytolysis or antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity.1

Recently, there was a case of muscle-specific kinase (MuSK)-positive myasthenia gravis (MG) successfully treated with rituximab.2

We report a patient with MuSK-positive generalised MG who achieved complete remission with rituximab, after being refractory to steroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, immunosuppressants, thymectomy and less responsive to plasmapheresis.

A 32-year-old man was referred for refractory MG. He gave a 2.5-year history of mild bulbar and generalised weakness, mostly in proximal extremities, without sensory symptoms. He denied ptosis and diplopia but reported mild dysphagia and dysarthria. Family history was negative for neuromuscular disorders. He was receiving no medications. He denied any history of smoking and drank socially.

The general physical examination was unremarkable. Neurological examination demonstrated diplopia on extreme lateral gaze without fatigable ptosis or Cogan’s lid twitch sign. There was moderate weakness of facial muscles bilaterally and of the tongue, without …
Waterborne Activity for Maintenance and Protective Coatings: Moving Beyond Light Duty (2013)

In this article, the author examines waterborne acrylics, commonly used for maintenance and protective coatings. He describes the basic chemistry of the materials, as well as the role of the latex film formation process in their performance. Also discussed are types of waterborne acrylic polymers and coatings and typical industrial applications. The environmental, health and safety considerations in the use of waterborne acrylics, their performance features and recent developments in enhancing their performance are additionally covered.
Noninvasive Monitoring of Intracranial Pressure (2009)

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) is one of the major causes of secondary brain ischemia that accompanies a variety of pathological conditions, most notably, traumatic brain injury (TBI), stroke, and intracranial hemorrhages. However, aside from a few Level I trauma centers, ICP monitoring is rarely a part of the clinical management of patients with these conditions because of the invasiveness of the standard monitoring methods (which require insertion of a catheter into the cranium), additional risks they present for patients, high costs associated with the procedure, and the limited access to trained personnel, i.e., a neurosurgeon. Alternative methods have therefore been sought with which ICP can be measured noninvasively. This article reviews nearly 30 such methods patented over the past 25 years, which included ultrasound “time-of-flight” techniques, transcranial Doppler, methods based on acoustic properties of the cranial bones, EEG, MRI, tympanic membrane displacement, oto-acoustic emission, ophthalmodynamometry, and ultrasound measurements of optic nerve sheath diameter. At present, none of the methods is sufficiently accurate to allow for routine clinical use although several hold promise. Future developments should integrate further refinements of the existing methods, combined use of multiple sensors and/or technologies, and large clinical validation studies on relevant populations. Keywords: Intracranial pressure, ICP, noninvasive, non-invasive, monitoring, patents
Tramadol Has No Effect on Cortical Renal Blood Flow—Despite Increased Serum Catecholamine Levels—in Anesthetized Rats: Implications for Analgesia in Renal Insufficiency (2002)

A bolus and continuous injection of tramadol does not alter renal blood flow (RBF) in normal rats. A bolus injection of tramadol has little effect on RBF in rats with experimentally induced renal insufficiency. These results suggest that tramadol would be a safe analgesic for maintaining RBF during the postoperative period.
Characterization of two immunoglobulin V<sub>H</sub> genes that are homologous to human rheumatoid factors (1989)

We isolated a VH1 germline gene (Humhv1263) that is closely related to the heavy chains of 2 human rheumatoid factors (RF), Bor and Kas. We also found that the 783 rearranged VH1 gene is actually 91-93% homologous to Bor and Kas, and it differs from a VH1 complementary DNA (51P1) by only a single base. Thus, 783 is likely to be the unmutated form of a germline VH gene that may encode the heavy chains of RF Bor and Kas and several other human monoclonal RF.
Mammographic Breast Density: Impact on Breast Cancer Risk and Implications for Screening (2015)

Mammographic breast density is rapidly becoming a hot topic in both the medical literature and the lay press. In the United States, recent legislative changes in 19 states now require radiologists to notify patients regarding breast density as well as the possible need for supplemental screening. Federal legislation regarding breast density notification has been introduced, and its passage is likely on the horizon. An understanding of the context, scientific evidence, and controversies surrounding the topic of breast density as a risk factor for breast cancer is critical for radiologists. The current state of evidence is presented regarding supplemental screening for women with dense breasts, including the use of digital breast tomosynthesis, whole-breast ultrasonography, and gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. A review of current practice guidelines and additional sources of information will improve radiologists' understanding of the relevant subject of breast density and enable them to respond appropriately to questions from patients, clinicians, and the media.
Preparation and Characterization of Epoxy/Clay Nanocomposites (2007)

Epoxy/clay nanocomposites have been prepared using montmorillonite (MMT) ionexchanged with various organic cations ; hexadecyltributyl phosphonium ion, octadecyltrimethyl ammonium ion, methyl tallow bis-2-hydroxyethyl ammonium ion and dimethyl hydrogenatedtallow (2-ethylhexyl) ammonium ion. The resulting nanocomposites were found to show exfoliated clay structure by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). The flame retarding property of 5wt% clay/epoxy nanocomposites was found to be enhanced when compared with that of the original epoxy without clay.
The physics of endoluminal stenting in the treatment of cerebrovascular aneurysms (2002)

Endovascular stenting of aneurysms offers potential advantages over surgical clipping. Stenting is minimally invasive, and with the implementation of rapidly developing micro and nano technologies, it will in the future be possible to deploy stents in more remote locations of the cerebrovasculature. The key advantage of stenting is that in addition to impeding flow into the aneurysm, it provides the parent artery with a scaffold over which the artery can remodel. However, for a stent to be effective in this goal, it must be tailored to the local hemodynamics at the aneurysm site. This paper is a review of the qualitative and quantitative in vitro and in vivo experimentation as well as computer simulations that have been performed to elucidate the effects of various stent design parameters and the prevailing parent vessel hemodynamics on intra-aneurysmal flow patterns. Our results in numerous studies have shown that stenting substantially alters intra-aneurysmal flow. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that techniques have been developed in order to assess the efficacy of the stent in promoting intra-aneurysmal flow stagnation, thus creating the potential to optimize the device design for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms.
Crystal-storing Histiocytosis due to Massive Accumulation of Charcot-Leyden Crystals: A Unique Association Producing Colonic Polyposis in a 78-year-old Woman With Eosinophilic Colitis (2007)

Crystal-storing histiocytosis is a rare diagnosis that to date has only been associated with 2 conditions: intracytoplasmic accumulation of crystallized immunoglobulins in patients with lymphoproliferative disorders or plasma cell dyscrasias, and histiocytic accumulations of phagocytosed clofazimine, a drug used to treat lepromatous leprosy. We describe a 78-year-old woman with a past medical history of dermatologic mastocytosis and peripheral eosinophilia who presented with diarrhea and weight loss, and was found at colonoscopy to have polyposis limited to the right and transverse colon. She eventually underwent subtotal colectomy to remove the segment of polyposis. At gross examination, the colonic mucosa contained numerous polyps ranging from 1 to 7 mm which on histologic evaluation proved to represent mucosal and submucosal collections of histiocytes whose cytoplasm was distended by numerous brightly eosinophilic crystals. An intense eosinophilic infiltrate surrounded the histiocyte collections and also mildly involved the intervening colonic mucosa and superficial submucosa. Electron microscopy confirmed the presence of intracytoplasmic material identical to Charcot-Leyden crystals within histiocytes, representing the breakdown products of degranulated eosinophils. This is the first reported case of crystal-storing histiocytosis produced by massive accumulation of Charcot-Leyden crystals in eosinophilic colitis.
Development and application of normal limits for left ventricular ejection fraction and volume measurements from 99mTc-sestamibi myocardial perfusion gates SPECT. (2000)

Using a cohort of low-likelihood patients, we generated sex-specific normal limits for LVV and LVEF for myocardial perfusion gated SPECT. Application of these findings resulted in the detection of occult left ventricular dysfunction in approximately one fifth of hypertensive patients for whom concomitant LVH was found through resting electrocardiography. These normal limits can now be evaluated prospectively for their potential clinical value.
DRESC: a retargetable compiler for coarse-grained reconfigurable architectures (2003)

Coarse-grained reconfigurable architectures have become increasingly important in recent years. Automatic design or compiling tools are essential to their success. In this paper, we present a retargetable compiler for a family of coarse-grained reconfigurable architectures. Several key issues are addressed. Program analysis and transformation prepare dataflow for scheduling. Architecture abstraction generates an internal graph representation from a concrete architecture description. A modulo scheduling algorithm is key to exploit parallelism and achieve high performance. The experimental results show up to 28.7 instructions per cycle (IPC) over tested kernels.
Human interferon omega - a review (1995)

A single functional gene in the human genome codes for interferon omega (IFN-omega), a monomeric glycoprotein distantly related in structure to IFN-alpha and IFN-beta, but unrelated to IFN-gamma. IFN-omega is secreted by virus-infected leukocytes as a major component of human leukocyte interferon. The human class I IFN receptor complex which mediates the biological activity of IFN-alpha and IFN-beta also binds IFN-omega. Its specific activity in a standard in vitro antiviral assay system is 4 x 10(8) U mg-1; potent antiviral activity against several DNA and RNA viruses has been demonstrated. IFN-omega inhibits proliferation of a variety of tumor cell lines in vitro. The protein stimulates natural killer cell activity, enhances expression of major histocompatibility complex class I (but not class II) antigens and inhibits proliferation of lymphocytes stimulated with mitogens or allogeneic cells. IFN-omega is unrelated to IFN-alpha, -beta and -gamma in its antigenic properties, as it does not cross-react with antisera or monoclonal antibodies in immunoassays or antiviral neutralization bioassays. Antibodies induced in patients by long-term IFN-alpha 2 therapy that block IFN-alpha 2 activity do not inactivate IFN-omega. As IFN-omega, like other human IFNs, has a species-restricted biological activity, evaluation of its therapeutic potential will have to await clinical trials.
Code critical airway teams improves patient safety (2010)

It takes an experienced multiprofessional team to handle emergent airway situations. We created a Code Critical Airway team to manage airway emergencies. Critical (difficult) airway emergencies are increasing due to advances in medical treatments, obesity and sleep apnea. Difficult airway events are low volume and high risk, requiring expert skill and communication. In the United States a leading level I adverse patient safety event is 'death or serious disability associated with airway management' [1].
Dynamic characteristics of flying head slider to running wavy disk. (1985)

走行面のうねりに対するヘッドスライダのすきま変動には,スライダ長対うねりの波長の比,すきま形状などによって決まる下限値が存在する.流入端にテーバ部をもつスライダでは,この下限値は潤滑面内の場所に大きく依存し極小値をとる位置が存在すること,流出端部のすきま変動はスライダ長の二乗にほぼ比例することを明らかにした.これらの結果として,追従性の高い浮動ヘッドスライダの設計指針を示した.
Survival, safety, and response duration results of nivolumab (Anti-PD-1; BMS-936558; ONO-4538) in a phase I trial in patients with previously treated metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC): Long-term patient follow-up. (2013)

4514 Background: Programmed death-1 (PD-1) is an immune checkpoint receptor that negatively regulates T-cell activation. PD-L1, a PD-1 ligand, has been associated with poor prognosis in mRCC pts. In a phase I study of nivolumab, a PD-1 receptor blocking antibody, in pts with previously treated mRCC and other solid tumors, an MTD was not reached at 10 mg/kg IV Q2WK. Cohorts of mRCC pts were expanded at the 1 and 10 mg/kg dose levels. Methods: Pts received nivolumab for ≤12 cycles (4 doses/cycle) until unacceptable toxicity, progression, or complete response. We report overall survival (OS), updated response data, and long-term safety for the mRCC cohorts from a data analysis in July 2012. Results: 34 pts with mRCC were treated at 1 mg/kg (n=18) or 10 mg/kg (n=16). 44% of pts had received ≥3 prior therapies (74% prior antiangiogenic therapy; 59% prior immunotherapy). Median OS across doses has not yet been reached. Median duration of response was 12.9 months for both doses with 5 of the 10 responses lasting ≥1 year. The incidence of grade 3-4 related adverse events for the RCC cohort was 21% and included hypophosphatemia (6%) and respiratory disorders (6%), with no confirmed-drug related deaths or grade 3 pneumonitis. Treatment discontinuation due to drug-related AEs occurred in 18/304 (6%) of patients in the overall treated population. Conclusions: Nivolumab produced durable survival and responses in a subset of heavily pretreated mRCC pts, with an acceptable safety profile, even after long term continuous dosing. Overall survival appears promising for this population of pts. These findings provide the basis for an ongoing randomized phase III trial of nivolumab in mRCC (NCT01668784). Follow-up data through a February 2013 cutoff is being collected. Clinical trial information: NCT00730639. [Table: see text]