gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Poly(dimethylsiloxane) microchip for precolumn reaction and micellar electrokinetic chromatography of biogenic amines (2002)

We have demonstrated that precolumn derivatization and capillary electrophoresis separation on a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) microchip can be realized as efficient as those on glass microchips. In an optimized condition of micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC), using 25 mM sodium borate buffer (pH 10.0) with 25 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and 5% v/v methanol, the electroosmotic flow in an oxidized PDMS microchip is stabilized within 3% for days. By employing a fluorometric derivatization with o-phthaldialdehyde (OPA) in an optimally designed reaction chamber, four most important biogenic amines occurring in foods, histamine, tyramine, putrescine, and tryptamine, are quantitatively determined in less than 1 min at the levels applicable to real samples. The migration behaviors of anionic OPA-derivatized biogenic amines under the MEKC conditions are analyzed, and it has been found that under our separation conditions, the electrophoretic mobility of the SDS micelles is significantly greater than those of the anions in the aqueous phase. The channel manifold in a PDMS substrate is fabricated using replica molding against a thick photoresist, SU-8, pattern generated by photolithography. The plate with the microchannel pattern is strongly, irreversibly bonded to another PDMS plate by using a new bonding technique, which employs surface oxidation by corona discharge generated from a cheap, handy source, Tesla coil.
Formation of Kojibiose and Nigerose by Sucrose Phosphorylase (1994)

Kojibiose and nigerose were found in a reaction mixture of sucrose phosphorylase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides using α-d-glucose-1-phosphate (G-1-P) as a donor and sucrose as an acceptor, and confirmed by 13C-NMR and HPLC analyses. The glucobioses were also detected using combinations of sugars such as sucrose and d-glucose, sucrose alone, or G-1-P and d-glucose, while none of them was detected using G-1-P alone or d-glucose alone. The efficiencies of the substrare on the formation of the glucobioses were as follows: sucrose and d-glucose > sucrose > G-1-P and d-glucose > G-1-P and sucrose.
Rights with responsibilities (2010)

One of the definitions of human rights that we presented in Chapter 1 was Michael Perry's notion that there are certain things that ought not to be done to people and certain other things that should be done. As we said then, these ‘things’ are generally what we mean by human rights. Perry approaches human rights on religious grounds. His conception of human rights is based on the idea that human beings are ‘sacred’, and because they are sacred they must be afforded certain protections. The secular approach puts forward that each and every human being possesses an inherent dignity. Human rights are the tools to respect and maintain this dignity.
Investigating thin film stresses in stacked silicon dioxide/silicon nitride structures and quantifying their effects on frequency response (2007)

We have investigated the frequency shift caused by thin film stresses in silicon nitride (Si3N4) and silicon dioxide (SiO2) layers used during the fabrication of lead zirconium titanate (PZT) microelectromechanical (MEMS) devices. The films are deposited via thermal oxidation and low pressure chemical vapor deposition onto bare silicon wafers. Although previous research has reported stresses in these films, this paper introduces approaches to measure, model and predict the effects of these stresses on the frequency response of MEMS devices. Thin film stresses in each layer of a PZT stack are measured using a curvature measurement system, and these measurements are correlated to finite element analysis results and experimental vibration data. These comparisons illustrate the significance of the thin film stresses and their effect on the mechanical behavior of MEMS devices, in particular that as the membrane structures get thinner the frequency shift becomes much larger.
Blind motion deblurring from a single image using sparse approximation (2009)

Restoring a clear image from a single motion-blurred image due to camera shake has long been a challenging problem in digital imaging. Existing blind deblurring techniques either only remove simple motion blurring, or need user interactions to work on more complex cases. In this paper, we present an approach to remove motion blurring from a single image by formulating the blind blurring as a new joint optimization problem, which simultaneously maximizes the sparsity of the blur kernel and the sparsity of the clear image under certain suitable redundant tight frame systems (curvelet system for kernels and framelet system for images). Without requiring any prior information of the blur kernel as the input, our proposed approach is able to recover high-quality images from given blurred images. Furthermore, the new sparsity constraints under tight frame systems enable the application of a fast algorithm called linearized Bregman iteration to efficiently solve the proposed minimization problem. The experiments on both simulated images and real images showed that our algorithm can effectively removing complex motion blurring from nature images.
Copolymerization of ethylene with isoprene promoted by titanium complexes containing a tetradentate [OSSO]‐type bis(phenolato) ligand (2010)

Abstract Copolymerization of ethylene with isoprene (IP) catalyzed by 1,4‐dithabutanediyl‐linked bis(phenolato) titanium complexes 1 and 2 and methylaluminoxane (MAO) produced exclusively ethylene‐IP copolymers with good activity. The copolymer microstructure can be varied by changing the ratio between the monomers in the copolymerization feed, affording copolymers with IP content ∼60%. The copolymer microstructure was fully elucidated by 13 C‐NMR spectroscopy of the copolymers with various IP content revealing a strong tendency to the alternating microstructure. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 4200–4206, 2010
Novel chemical routes to silicon-germanium-carbon materials (1994)

We report the use of novel molecular precursors and ultrahigh vacuum chemical vapor deposition techniques to synthesize solid solutions of cubic SiC-GeC and diamond-structure Si1−x−yGexCy materials. Thin films with composition Si0.37Ge0.13C0.50 were deposited on Si by thermal decomposition of Ge[Si(CH3)3]4 at 650–700 °C. Electron microscope observations showed a polycrystalline zinc-blende-type structure and infrared (IR) analyses revealed carbide-type Si-C and Ge-C vibrations. The Si1−x−yGexCy (y≳2%) alloys were deposited at 550–600 °C on Si and SiO2 by interactions of (1) C(SiH3)4 and GeH4; (2) CH3GeH3 and SiH4; and (3) CH3GeH3 with mixtures of GeH4 and SiH4. A homogeneous alloy phase of composition Si56Ge30C14 with diamond cubic structure was obtained from reaction 1. Reactions 2 and 3 produced films with carbon compositions ranging from 2 to 27 at. %. The materials containing less than 10% carbon appeared to be exclusively diamond cubic, whereas those with greater carbon compositions showed mixtures of diamond cubic and carbide phases as indicated by vibrational and structural characterization. Secondary ion mass spectrometry experiments revealed that all materials had excellent chemical purity.
Epitopes of streptococcal M proteins that evoke antibodies that cross-react with human brain. (1993)

There is evidence suggesting that Sydenham's chorea, which is a major manifestation of acute rheumatic fever, may be mediated by streptococcal antibodies that cross-react with the brain. Our studies were undertaken to determine whether streptococcal M protein, the major virulence factor of group A streptococci, evoked antibodies that cross-react with human brain. Rabbits were immunized with pepsin-extracted M protein from rheumatogenic type 6 streptococci. Immune sera were screened for the presence of antibodies that cross-reacted with human brain by indirect immunofluorescence tests and immunoblot analyses. Type 6 M protein evoked antibodies that cross-reacted with several brain proteins and antibody binding to these proteins was completely inhibited by type 6 M protein and partially inhibited by types 5 and 19 M proteins, suggesting that these heterologous M proteins contain conserved brain-cross-reactive epitopes. Using synthetic peptides from several serotypes of M proteins, the conserved brain-cross-reactive epitopes were localized to a decapeptide contained within the covalent structure of the B repeat region of type 6 M protein. These peptides also inhibited brain-cross-reactive antibodies in the serum of a patient with active Sydenham's chorea. Our data indicate that streptococcal M proteins contain brain-cross-reactive epitopes that could potentially be involved in the pathogenesis of Sydenham's chorea.
Assessment of the safety of recombinant tissue factor pathway inhibitor in patients with severe sepsis: A multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, single-blind, dose escalation study (2001)

Although the trial was not powered to show efficacy, a trend toward reduction in 28-day all-cause mortality was observed in the all rTFPI group compared with all placebo. This study demonstrates that rTFPI doses of 0.025 and 0.05 mg/kg/hr could be safely administered to severe sepsis patients. Additionally, rTFPI demonstrated bioactivity, as shown by reduction in TATc complexes and interleukin-6 levels. These findings warrant further evaluation of rTFPI in an adequately powered, placebo controlled, randomized trial for the treatment of severe sepsis.
A low-profile rectangular dielectric-resonator antenna (1996)

A rectangular dielectric-resonator antenna (DRA) with a very low profile (length-to-height ratio /spl ap/6) is presented. This aperture-coupled antenna is almost perfectly matched to the 50 /spl Omega/ input and radiates like a magnetic dipole at 11.6 GHz. It is also well matched at 13.0 GHz, but the pattern is more directional due to the influence of a higher order mode. Theoretical antenna patterns, obtained using the FDTD method, compare well with measured patterns in the E and H planes.
Functional magnetic resonance imaging based on changes in vascular space occupancy (2003)

During brain activation, local control of oxygen delivery is facilitated through microvascular dilatation and constriction. A new functional MRI (fMRI) methodology is reported that is sensitive to these microvascular adjustments. This contrast is accomplished by eliminating the blood signal in a manner that is independent of blood oxygenation and flow. As a consequence, changes in cerebral blood volume (CBV) can be assessed through changes in the remaining extravascular water signal (i.e., that of parenchymal tissue) without need for exogenous contrast agents or any other invasive procedures. The feasibility of this vascular space occupancy (VASO)-dependent functional MRI (fMRI) approach is demonstrated for visual stimulation, breath-hold (hypercapnia), and hyperventilation (hypocapnia). During visual stimulation and breath-hold, the VASO signal shows an inverse correlation with the stimulus paradigm, consistent with local vasodilatation. This effect is reversed during hyperventilation. Comparison of the hemodynamic responses of VASO-fMRI, cerebral blood flow (CBF)-based fMRI, and blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) fMRI indicates both arteriolar and venular temporal characteristics in VASO. The effect of changes in water exchange rate and partial volume contamination with CSF were calculated to be negligible. At the commonly-used fMRI resolution of 3.75 x 3.75 x 5 mm(3), the contrast-to-noise-ratio (CNR) of VASO-fMRI was comparable to that of CBF-based fMRI, but a factor of 3 lower than for BOLD-fMRI. Arguments supporting a better gray matter localization for the VASO-fMRI approach compared to BOLD are provided.
Immunization of rats with synthetic peptide constructs from the glucan-binding or catalytic region of mutans streptococcal glucosyltransferase protects against dental caries (1995)

Previously, we have described peptide constructs from two regions of glucosyltransferase (GTF) of mutans streptococci. A putative catalytic site in the amino-terminal half of the molecule and a repeated glucan-binding site in the carboxyl-terminal half of GTF were the regions upon which sequences were based. The present study explored the effects of immunization with these peptide constructs (called CAT or GLU) and with streptococcal GTFs from Streptococcus sobrinus and S. mutans on immunological, microbiological, and disease parameters. Groups of immunized Sprague-Dawley rats were infected with either 10(8) S. sobrinus 6715 or 10(8) S. mutans SJ32 organisms. Serum immunoglobulin G antibody levels, determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, to the respective peptide constructs and to the appropriate streptococcal GTF were significantly increased (after immunization) prior to infection and at the end of the experiment. Also, serum antibody from CAT-, GLU-, and S. sobrinus GTF-immunized rats inhibited S. sobrinus GTF-mediated insoluble glucan synthesis (all) and S. mutans GTF-mediated soluble glucan synthesis (all except anti-GLU) from sucrose. Immunization with the CAT or GLU peptide construct resulted in significantly reduced smooth surface and sulcal caries after infection with S. sobrinus. Sulcal dental caries after infection with S. mutans SJ32 were also significantly reduced in CAT- and GLU-immunized rats. Thus, immunization with peptides whose sequences are based on putative functional domains of mutans streptococcal GTF are protective toward a cariogenic S. sobrinus or S. mutans infection.
Evaluation of One-for-One Replenishment Policies for Multiechelon Inventory Systems (1991)

This paper is concerned with multiechelon inventory systems, where each demand triggers a separate order (one-for-one replenishment policies). The exogenous demands are independent Poisson processes. The transit times between locations may be stochastic. The way we model these transit times follows closely the standard treatment of stochastic leadtimes in single-location models. This is different, however, from the usual approach in the multiechelon setting (e.g., METRIC). We describe simple methods for computing or approximating the steady-state behavior of the system. The results show that, in sharp contrast to prior multiechelon models, transit-time variances play an important role in system performance.
Pulsed ultraviolet laser irradiation produces endothelium-independent relaxation of vascular smooth muscle. (1989)

Recent studies have shown that continuous wave laser irradiation induces contraction of vascular smooth muscle, except at powers far below the threshold for tissue ablation. To determine the corresponding effects of pulsed laser irradiation on vascular smooth muscle tone, vascular rings of rabbit thoracic aorta were mounted isometrically with 1 g tension in Krebs-bicarbonate buffer and irradiated with 308 or 351 nm from an excimer laser through a 400-microns optical fiber. A total of 250 exposures were performed with 1-6.5 mJ/pulse (fluence = 0.8-5.5 J/cm2), 10-50 Hz, and cumulative exposures of 10-120 seconds. Excimer laser irradiation in combinations of pulse energy (PE), repetition rate (RR), and cumulative exposure below, at, or above threshold for tissue ablation consistently produced relaxation unassociated with contraction in each of the 250 exposures. For the total 250 exposures, the magnitude of relaxation (reduction in recorded tension, Rmax) was 55 +/- 4% (mean +/- SEM) of maximum vasomotor reactivity recorded in the specimen in response to administration of serotonin. Rmax varied directly with both PE and RR. When PE was increased from 1 to 5 mJ/pulse (n = 13), Rmax increased from 57 +/- 19% to 80 +/- 19% (p less than 0.0001); when RR was increased from 10 to 50 Hz (n = 10), Rmax increased from 27 +/- 8 to 46 +/- 8 (p less than 0.0001). Rmax varied independently of endothelial integrity (assessed anatomically and pharmacologically) and wavelength (308 vs. 351 nm). Simultaneously recorded tissue-temperature profiles disclosed that during pulsed laser irradiation, tissue temperature rise did not exceed 5 degrees C.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Laccase‐catalyzed polymerization of tyrosine‐containing peptides (2005)

Laccase‐catalyzed polymerization of tyrosine and tyrosine‐containing peptides was studied in the presence and absence of ferulic acid (FA). Advanced spectroscopic methods such as MALDI‐TOF MS, EPR, FTIR microscopy and HPLC‐fluorescence, as well as more conventional analytical tools: oxygen consumption measurements and SDS/PAGE were used in the reaction mechanism studies. Laccase was found to oxidize tyrosine and tyrosine‐containing peptides, with consequent polymerization of the compounds. The covalent linkage connecting the compounds was found to be an ether bond. Only small amounts of dityrosine bonds were detected in the polymers. When FA was added to the reaction mixtures, it was found to be incorporated into the polymer structure. Thus, in addition to homopolymers, different heteropolymers containing two or four FA residues were formed in the reactions.
Automatic Extraction of Cause-Effect Relations in Natural Language Text. (2013)

Abstract. The discovery of causal relations from text has been studied adopting various approaches based on rules or Machine Learning (ML) techniques. The approach proposed joins both rules and ML methods to combine the advantage of each one. In particular, our approach first identifies a set of plausible cause-effect pairs through a set of logical rules based on dependencies between words then it uses Bayesian inference to reduce the number of pairs produced by ambiguous patterns. The SemEval-2010 task 8 dataset challenge has been used to evaluate our model. The results demonstrate the ability of the rules for the relation extraction and the improvements made by the filtering process.
Effects of low‐level laser therapy after Corticision on tooth movement and paradental remodeling (2009)

Abstract Background and Objective Both Corticision and low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) are known to affect the rate of tooth movement. Our objective was to investigate the combined effects of Corticision and LLLT on the tooth movement rate and paradental remodeling in beagles. Study Design/Materials and Methods The maxillary second premolars ( n = 24) of 12 beagles were randomly divided into four groups ( n = 6 per group) based on the treatment modality: group A, only orthodontic force (control); group B, orthodontic force plus Corticision; group C, orthodontic force plus LLLT; group D, orthodontic force plus Corticision and LLLT. Results Ratios of second premolar‐to‐canine movement were greater by 2.23‐fold in group B and 2.08‐fold in group C, but 0.52‐fold lesser in group D than in group A. The peak velocity was observed at an earlier stage of tooth movement in group B but at a later stage in group C during the 8‐week treatment period. At week 8, both tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)‐positive osteoclasts on the compression side and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)‐positive osteoblasts on the tension side increased significantly ( P &lt;.05) in group C but decreased in group D. Histomorphometric analysis revealed that the mean apposition length of newly formed mineralized bone during the 8 weeks of treatment significantly increased in both group B (2.8‐fold) and group C (2.2‐fold). In group D, the labeling lines on lamina dura were thin and discontinuous, but intratrabecular remodeling and lamellation were found to be active. Conclusion Periodic LLLT after Corticision around a moving tooth decreased the tooth movement rate and alveolar remodeling activity. Lasers Surg. Med. 41:524–533, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diagnostic approach to inherited bleeding disorders (2007)

The appropriate development of hemostasis encompasses a delicate equilibrium between anti- and prothrombotic forces developing during three distinct phases (primary hemostasis, coagulation and fibrinolysis) that are closely linked to each other and precisely regulated to close vessel wounds, promote vascular healing and maintain vessel patency. Imbalance in each of these systems produces either hemorrhagic or thrombotic disorders. Inherited bleeding disorders, caused by quantitative or qualitative alterations of either platelets or plasma proteins involved in blood coagulation and fibrinolysis, may lead to serious and lifelong bleeding conditions, the severity of which is inversely associated with the degree of the underlying defect. Rapid and reliable identification of these pathologies is worthy of focus to allow the adoption of appropriate substitutive or supportive antihemorrhagic therapies. Evaluation of the hemorrhage-prone patient requires careful recording of the medical history, attention to pertinent physical findings and the discretionary use of laboratory resources. Owing to the low diagnostic efficiency of clinical history and examination, an appropriate and reliable laboratory approach, encompassing first- and second-line testing, is essential to screen, diagnose and monitor patients with bleeding diatheses. As both the analytical sensitivity and responsiveness of traditional coagulation assays to different abnormalities differ widely, each laboratory should establish individual guidelines based on field experience and on reagent and instrument characteristics. Emerging evidence indicates that the implementation of global coagulation tests, such as the thrombin generation assay and clot waveform analysis, would provide additional information for clinical decision-making for patients with inherited bleeding disorders.
Plasma Interaction on Block Copolymers as Determined by Platelet Adhesion (1982)

A series of block copolymers, with controllable domain morphology, were tested to determine the effect of surface wettability, morphology, and chemistry on the attachment of platelets. The surfaces were first exposed to a plasma for 3 s or 3 min, and then to platelets suspended in Tyrode's buffer in 0.35% albumin (pH 7.4). The most hydrophobic surface, styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) attached the most platelets, followed by the less hydrophobic polyurethane, and lastly the hydrophilic polystyrene-poly(ethylene oxide) (PS-PEO), which attached essentially none. Phase separation in polyurethane and in SBS significantly (P<0.025) increased the adherence of platelets after exposure to platelet-poor plasma, for 3 s and 3 min, respectively. No such difference was observed in PS-PEO. The SBS, with and without long-range order, attached significantly (P<0.025) more platelets at 3 s than at 3 min. The SBS block copolymer, as compared with hydrophobic glass, appears to adsorb fibrinogen loosely, but more tightly than hydrophilic glass. Phase separation causes the protein to attach more strongly.
Viewing and Editing Assembled Sequences Using Consed (2003)

Consed is a program for viewing and editing assemblies prepared by the Phrap assembly program. This unit presents a general introduction to Consed. It also provides instructions for identifying problem regions and searching in Consed. Additional protocols describe creating tags, picking primers, correcting joins and adding and removing reads. Instructions are also given for the use of Assembly View, predicting the results of a restriction digestion, the use of Consed in conjunction with PolyPhred, and using Autofinish, as well as a procedure for running Phred and Phrap.