gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oligonucleotide-based Strategies to Inhibit Human Hepatitis C Virus (2003)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection represents a worldwide problem, and current antiviral regimens are not satisfactory. The need to develop novel, specific, anti-HCV antiviral drugs is clear. Antisense oligonucleotides (AS-ON), ribozymes, and more recently, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) have been widely used to control gene expression, and several clinical trials are in progress. The potential to use AS-ON as tools to control HCV infection, either by promoting an RNase H mediated cleavage of viral genomic RNA or by interfering with the assembly of a translation initiation complex on the internal ribosome entry site (IRES) is reviewed. Extensive knowledge of IRES structure and conservation among HCV genotypes have rendered the HCV IRES (and, in particular, its IIId loop) particularly attractive for antisense approaches. Encouraging data have been obtained with IRES-targeted RNase H-competent and incompetent ON analogs. We demonstrate here that very short steric blocking ONs can inhibit the formation of translation preinitiation complexes on the IRES and block IRES-mediated translation in a cell-free translation assay and in a transfected hepatoma cell line.
Scleral Fistula Closure at the Time of Glaucoma Drainage Device Tube Repositioning (2012)

Repositioning a glaucoma drainage device tube from the anterior chamber to the ciliary sulcus or pars plana can be a challenging procedure owing to the difficulty in obtaining tight closure of the original limbal fistula. Failure to achieve watertight and airtight closure of the fistula can result in substantial difficulty in completing other key portions of the surgery and may lead to postoperative hypotony and associated complications. A novel technique using a Tutoplast scleral plug, polyglactin sutures, and, in certain cases, fibrin tissue sealant to close a limbal fistula at the time of glaucoma drainage device tube repositioning is described. This technique can be replicated with ease and provides a tight seal so that other concurrent surgical procedures can safely be completed and postoperative hypotony is avoided.
Within-row Spacing Effects on Yields of Celery for Processing and Fresh Market (1988)

Abstract Celery ( Apium graveolens L.) cultivars, Camlyn, Tall Utah 52-70R (IMP.), Florida 2-14, and Clean Cut were grown at within-row spacings of 10, 20, or 30 cm during the winter seasons of 1984–85 and 1985–86 in commercial celery fields located near South Bay, Fla. Stalks were trimmed to 36 or 51 cm height to simulate fresh and processing celery yields, respectively. Cultivars responded similarly to within-row spacings for each measured variable. Untrimmed or trimmed to 51-cm-stalk weights per plant or per hectare were not different among cultivars. ‘Camlyn’ when trimmed to a 36 cm height had a lower stalk weight and a smaller stalk diameter than the other cultivars except when compared with ‘Clean Cut’ in the 1984–85 experiment. Untrimmed and trimmed stalk weights increased linearly per hectare and decreased linearly per plant as within-row spacings decreased from 30 to 10 cm. Stalk diameter decreased quadratically as within-row spacings decreased from 30 to 10 cm. Marketable petiole number per plant decreased linearly in the 1984–85 experiment and quadratically in the 1985–86 experiment as within-row spacings decreased. Celery stalks produced at 10-cm within-row spacing were too small for optimum economic fresh market returns, although they produced the highest marketable yield per hectare for a processing market. Plants from a 20-cm within-row spacing were optimum for fresh market celery.
Central nervous system lymphoma: histologic types and CT appearance. (1988)

The distribution of histologic types of lymphoma according to the proposed working formulation was determined for 55 patients with primary central nervous system (CNS) non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Fifty-five percent of these patients had diffuse large-cell histologic features. When the relationship between histologic type and computed tomographic (CT) appearance was analyzed, the following trends were noted: A greater percentage of mixed cell tumors were multiple when compared with other types; noncleaved small-cell tumors were more commonly located in the central gray matter or corpus callosum than were other types; all immunoblastic tumors were enhanced homogeneously, unlike other types; and smaller tumors appeared to be associated with an increased histologic grade. Eleven patients had CT confirmation of a CNS recurrence; in eight patients, the recurrent tumor was in a different location than the original lesion. Eleven patients had associated intraocular lymphoma, and four were immunosuppressed.
Geo-location inference from image content and user tags (2009)

Associating image content with their geographic locations has been increasingly pursued in the computer vision community in recent years. In a recent work, large collections of geotagged images were found to be helpful in estimating geo-locations of query images by simple visual nearest-neighbors search. In this paper, we leverage user tags along with image content to infer the geo-location. Our model builds upon the fact that the visual content and user tags of pictures can provide significant hints about their geo-locations. Using a large collection of over a million geotagged photographs, we build location probability maps of user tags over the entire globe. These maps reflect the picture-taking and tagging behaviors of thousands of users from all over the world, and reveal interesting tag map patterns. Visual content matching is performed using multiple feature descriptors including tiny images, color histograms, GIST features, and bags of textons. The combination of visual content matching and local tag probability maps forms a strong geo-inference engine. Large-scale experiments have shown significant improvements over pure visual content-based geo-location inference.
Properties of the quaternary half-metal-type Heusler alloy<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Co</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Mn</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Fe</mml:mi><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Si</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math> (2006)

This paper reports on the bulk properties of the quaternary Heusler alloy ${\mathrm{Co}}_{2}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{x}\mathrm{Si}$ with the Fe concentration $x=0,1∕2,1$. All samples, which were prepared by arc melting, exhibit $L{2}_{1}$ long-range order over the complete range of Fe concentration. The structural and magnetic properties of the ${\mathrm{Co}}_{2}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{x}\mathrm{Si}$ Heusler alloys were investigated by means of x-ray diffraction, high- and low-temperature magnetometry, M\"ossbauer spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. The electronic structure was explored by means of high-energy photoemission spectroscopy at about $8\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{keV}$ photon energy. This ensures true bulk sensitivity of the measurements. The magnetization of the Fe-doped Heusler alloys is in agreement with the values of the magnetic moments expected for a Slater-Pauling-like behavior of half-metallic ferromagnets. The experimental findings are discussed on the basis of self-consistent calculations of the electronic and magnetic structure. To achieve good agreement with experiment, the calculations indicate that on-site electron-electron correlation must be taken into account, even at low Fe concentration. The present investigation focuses on searching for the quaternary compound where the half-metallic behavior is stable against outside influences. Overall, the results suggest that the best candidate may be found at an iron concentration of about 50%.
Performance analysis of the GSM signalling protocol LAPD/sub m/ (2002)

The increasing user demands on mobile networks with regard to the integration of services and availability of supplementary services lead to an increasing importance and complexity of signalling protocols. Especially the efficiency and robustness of signalling protocols at the (GSM) air interface must be seen as one of the critical parts in the process carrying out user requests within an acceptable time space and have to be improved simultaneously with data transfer protocols. This paper describes the impact of LAPD/sub m/ protocol on the chronological sequence, duration and successful implementation of the signalling phase. A simulative performance evaluation based on a formal protocol specification in SDL has beers carried out for different radio conditions. Especially the influence of modified protocol parameters and different channel allocation strategies have been examined, compared and evaluated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Human hair follicles contain two forms of ATP‐ sensitive potassium channels, only one of which is sensitive to minoxidil (2008)

Hair disorders cause psychological distress but are generally poorly controlled; more effective treatments are required. Despite the long-standing use of minoxidil for balding, its mechanism is unclear; suggestions include action on vasculature or follicle cells. Similar drugs also stimulate hair, implicating ATP-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channels. To investigate whether K(ATP) channels are present in human follicles, we used organ culture, molecular biological, and immunohistological approaches. Minoxidil and tolbutamide, a K(ATP) channel blocker, opposed each other's effects on the growing phase (anagen) of scalp follicles cultured in media with and without insulin. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction identified K(ATP) channel component gene expression including regulatory sulfonylurea receptors (SUR) SUR1 and SUR2B but not SUR2A and pore-forming subunits (Kir) Kir6.1 and Kir6.2. When hair bulb tissues were examined separately, epithelial matrix expressed SUR1 and Kir6.2, whereas both dermal papilla and sheath exhibited SUR2B and Kir6.1. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated similar protein distributions. Thus, human follicles respond biologically to K(ATP) channel regulators in culture and express genes and proteins for two K(ATP) channels, Kir6.2/SUR1 and Kir6.1/SUR2B; minoxidil only stimulates SUR2 channels. These findings indicate that human follicular dermal papillae contain K(ATP) channels that can respond to minoxidil and that tolbutamide may suppress hair growth clinically; novel drugs designed specifically for these channels could treat hair disorders.
Staphylococcus aureus expresses a cell surface protein that binds both IgG and β2-glycoprotein I (1999)

The existence of a second IgG-binding protein, protein Sbi, in Staphylococcus aureus has been reported previously. Later data indicated that protein Sbi also bound another serum component. This component has now been affinity-purified on immobilized protein Sbi and identified as beta2-glycoprotein I (beta2-GPI), also known as apolipoprotein H. The minimal beta2-GPI-binding domain was identified by shotgun phage display and the binding was shown to be mediated by a region of 57 amino acids, clearly separated from the IgG-binding domain. It is also shown that protein Sbi, and thus the beta2-GPI-binding activity, is expressed on the staphylococcal cell surface at levels varying between strains.
A Portable Sensor for Skin Bioimpedance Measurements (2019)

The costs of pressure injury treatments continue to rise with a steadily aging population and consistent pressure injury incidence rates. Evidence suggests that the bioimpedance of living tissues changes in response to continuous pressure loading and may be useful as an indicator for the onset of pressure injuries. Therefore, the development of a low-cost, accurate, and portable sensor capable of measuring the bioimpedance of human skin has practical significance in the development of pressure injury prevention devices. This paper reports the design and characterization of a system for measuring skin impedance based on the AD5933 impedance analyzer. The sensor was tested for accuracy via measurements of a simplified electrical equivalent skin model. Long duration measurement stability was assessed over 24 hours and skin measurement repeatability was performed on the volar forearm. The power consumption was measured both during idle and when transmitting data for each major component. The sensor demonstrated accuracies similar to those reported for other AFE’s used in conjunction with the AD5933. Additionally, the sensor shows good stability over long measurement durations as well as good repeatability when measuring the skin bioimpedance on the volar forearm. Power consumption was as expected and future suggestions for lowering the overall circuit power consumption and size are presented.
Anti‐Androgenic Activity of Fatty Acids (2009)

In this study, we show that 5alpha-reductase derived from rat fresh liver was inhibited by certain aliphatic free fatty acids. The influences of chain length, unsaturation, oxidation, and esterification on the potency to inhibit 5alpha-reductase activity were studied. Among the fatty acids we tested, inhibitory saturated fatty acids had C12-C16 chains, and the presence of a C==C bond enhanced the inhibitory activity. Esterification and hydroxy compounds were totally inactive. Finally, we tested the prostate cancer cell proliferation effect of free fatty acids. In keeping with the results of the 5alpha-reductase assay, saturated fatty acids with a C12 chain (lauric acid) and unsaturated fatty acids (oleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid) showed a proliferation inhibitory effect on lymph-node carcinoma of the prostate (LNCaP) cells. At the same time, the testosterone-induced prostate-specific antigen (PSA) mRNA expression was down-regulated. These results suggested that fatty acids with 5alpha-reductase inhibitory activity block the conversion of testosterone to 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and then inhibit the proliferation of prostate cancer cells.
Extracting protein alignment models from the sequence database (1997)

Biologists often gain structural and functional insights into a protein sequence by constructing a multiple alignment model of the family. Here a program called Probe fully automates this process of model construction starting from a single sequence. Central to this program is a powerful new method to locate and align only those, often subtly, conserved patterns essential to the family as a whole. When applied to randomly chosen proteins, Probe found on average about four times as many relationships as a pairwise search and yielded many new discoveries. These include: an obscure subfamily of globins in the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans ; two new superfamilies of metallohydrolases; a lipoyl/biotin swinging arm domain in bacterial membrane fusion proteins; and a DH domain in the yeast Bud3 and Fus2 proteins. By identifying distant relationships and merging families into superfamilies in this way, this analysis further confirms the notion that proteins evolved from relatively few ancient sequences. Moreover, this method automatically generates models of these ancient conserved regions for rapid and sensitive screening of sequences.
<i>Ab initio</i> study of the electronic structures and conduction properties of some donor-acceptor polymers and their copolymers (2003)

The electronic structures and conduction properties of four donor-acceptor polymers containing alternating electron-donating group SiF2 and electron-accepting group Y [Y=&amp;gt;C=CH2 in PSIFCH, &amp;gt;C=O in PSIFCO, &amp;gt;C=CF2 in PSIFCF, and &amp;gt;C=C(CN)2 in PSIFCN] along the conjugated trans-cisoid polyacetylene backbone, obtained on the basis of the ab initio Hartree-Fock crystal orbital method are compared. All the polymers are predicted to have band gap values ranging between 1 and 2 eV. The calculated band gap values are found to decrease in the order PSIFCO&amp;gt;PSIFCH&amp;gt;PSIFCF&amp;gt;PSIFCN. PSIFCO is predicted to be the strongest candidate for oxidative (p) doping while PSIFCN is found to have the greatest capacity for reductive (n) doping. The π-bond order data as well as the geometric structures of these polymers show them to have aromaticlike electronic structures. Using the ab initio band structure results of PSIFCO (A)x and PSIFCN (B)x, the electronic density of states of various quasi-one-dimensional compositional superlattices (copolymers) (AmBn)x, belonging to the type-II-staggered class have been determined using the negative-factor counting method, taking multineighbor interactions (up to six neighbors) into account. The trends in the electronic structures and conduction properties of these copolymers as a function of (i) block sizes m and n, (ii) composition (m/n), and (iii) arrangement of blocks (periodic or aperiodic) in the copolymer chain are discussed. The results are important guidelines for molecular designing of copolymers with tailor-made conduction properties.
Homozygous Human TAP Peptide Transporter Mutation in HLA Class I Deficiency (1994)

Human lymphocyte antigen (HLA) class I proteins of the major histocompatibility complex are largely dependent for expression on small peptides supplied to them by transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) protein. An inherited human deficiency in the TAP transporter was identified in two siblings suffering from recurrent respiratory bacterial infections. The expression on the cell surface of class I proteins was very low, whereas that of CD1a was normal, and the cytotoxicity of natural killer cells was affected. In addition, CD8+ alpha beta T cells were present in low but significant numbers and were cytotoxic in the most severely affected sibling, who also showed an increase in CD4+CD8+ T cells and gamma delta T cells.
Familial Alzheimer's disease. Evidences for clinical and genetic heterogeneity. (1991)

We report the genealogical, clinical and molecular genetic findings of a new family with autosomal dominant early-onset Alzheimer's disease (FAD) discovered in Torino (Italy). Up to now, the pedigree comprises 1500 members, distributed in 8 generations. 22 patients affected with Alzheimer's disease have been identified. The clinical course of the disease was fairly uniform in all the patients. An high incidence of myoclonic jerks and epileptic seizures was found. Molecular genetic studies showed the presence of positive but nonsignificant lod scores between chromosome 21 anonymous DNA markers and the disease. The data obtained from the Torino family were computed together with those of additional 47 pedigrees, with both early-onset and late-onset Alzheimer's disease. A predisposing locus for the disease was found on the pericentromeric region of chromosome 21 only in early-onset FAD pedigrees.
Identification of Dynorphins as Endogenous Ligands for an Opioid Receptor-like Orphan Receptor (1995)

To identify the endogenous ligands for a cloned orphan receptor that shares high degrees of sequence homology with opioid receptors, this orphan receptor was expressed in Xenopus oocytes and in mammalian cell lines CHO-K1 and HEK-293. The coupling of the receptor to a G protein-activated K+ channel was used as a functional assay in oocytes. Endogenous opioid peptide dynorphins were found to activate the K+ channel by stimulating the orphan receptor. This activation was dose-dependent, with EC50 values at 45 and 37 nM for dynorphin A and dynorphin A-(1-13), respectively. The dynorphin effect was antagonized by the non-selective opioid antagonist naloxone but at rather high concentrations in the micromolar range. Naloxone also caused a rightward shift of the dose-response curve for dynorphin A, suggesting a competitive antagonism mechanism. In transiently transfected cells, 5 microM dynorphin A-(1-13) inhibited the forskolin-stimulated cyclic AMP increase by 51 and 35% in CHO-K1 and HEK-293 cells, respectively. Other classes of endogenous opioids, i.e. enkephalins and endorphins, caused very little activation of this receptor. These results suggest that this orphan receptor is a member of the opioid receptor family and that dynorphins are endogenous ligands for this receptor.
Real-Time High Resolution 3D Data on the HoloLens (2016)

The recent appearance of augmented reality headsets, such as the Microsoft HoloLens, is a marked move from traditional 2D screen to 3D hologram-like interfaces. Striving to be completely portable, these devices unfortunately suffer multiple limitations, such as the lack of real-time, high quality depth data, which severely restricts their use as research tools. To mitigate this restriction, we provide a simple method to augment a HoloLens headset with much higher resolution depth data. To do so, we calibrate an external depth sensor connected to a computer stick that communicates with the HoloLens headset in real-time. To show how this system could be useful to the research community, we present an implementation of small object detection on HoloLens device.
Longitudinal PET imaging demonstrates biphasic CAR T cell responses in survivors (2016)

Clinical monitoring of adoptive T cell transfer (ACT) utilizes serial blood analyses to discern T cell activity. While useful, these data are 1-dimensional and lack spatiotemporal information related to treatment efficacy or toxicity. We utilized a human genetic reporter, somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2), and PET, to quantitatively and longitudinally visualize whole-body T cell distribution and antitumor dynamics using a clinically approved radiotracer. Initial evaluations determined that SSTR2-expressing T cells were detectable at low densities with high sensitivity and specificity. SSTR2-based PET was applied to ACT of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells targeting intercellular adhesion molecule-1, which is overexpressed in anaplastic thyroid tumors. Timely CAR T cell infusions resulted in survival of tumor-bearing mice, while later infusions led to uniform death. Real-time PET imaging revealed biphasic T cell expansion and contraction at tumor sites among survivors, with peak tumor burden preceding peak T cell burden by several days. In contrast, nonsurvivors displayed unrelenting increases in tumor and T cell burden, indicating that tumor growth was outpacing T cell killing. Thus, longitudinal PET imaging of SSTR2-positive ACT dynamics enables prognostic, spatiotemporal monitoring with unprecedented clarity and detail to facilitate comprehensive therapy evaluation with potential for clinical translation.
Netrin-1 Is a Novel Myelin-Associated Inhibitor to Axon Growth (2008)

We investigated the influence of the bifunctional guidance molecule netrin-1 on axonal growth in the injured adult spinal cord. In the adult, netrin-1 is expressed on mature oligodendrocytes, cells of the central canal, and the meninges. Netrin-1 protein in white matter is selectively enriched adjacent to paranodal loops of myelin in nodes of Ranvier. The repulsion-mediating netrin-1 uncoordinated-5 (UNC5) receptors are expressed by neurons of the corticospinal and rubrospinal projections, and by intrinsic neurons of the spinal cord, both before and after spinal cord injury. Neutralization of netrin-1 in myelin prepared from adult rat spinal cord using UNC5 receptor bodies increases neurite outgrowth from UNC5-expressing spinal motor neurons in vitro. Furthermore, axon regeneration is inhibited in a netrin-1-enriched zone, devoid of other myelin-associated inhibitors, within spinal cord lesion sites in vivo. We conclude that netrin-1 is a novel oligodendrocyte-associated inhibitor that can contribute to axonal growth failure after adult spinal cord injury.