gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Intelligent Broker Architecture for Pervasive Context-Aware Systems (2004)

Context-aware systems exploit the use of situational information, or context, to provide relevant information and services to users. A great challenge remains in defining an architecture that supports context-aware systems. Critical research issues include modeling and reasoning (how to represent contextual information for machine processing and reasoning), knowledge sharing (how to enable agents to acquire consistent knowledge from unreliable sensors and agents), and user privacy protection (how to give users control of their private information that the system acquires). To address these issues, I developed a new agent architecture called the Context Broker Architecture (CoBrA). It uses the Web Ontology Language OWL to define ontologies for context representation and modeling, defines rule-based logical inference for context reasoning and knowledge maintenance, and provides a policy language for users to control the sharing of their private information. Central to CoBrA is a server agent called context broker. Its role is to maintain a consistent model of context that can be shared by all computing entities in the space and to enforce the user-defined policies for privacy protection. The major research contributions of this work include a broker-centric architecture for supporting context-aware systems, a standard pervasive computing ontology, a reasoning approach that integrates assumption-based reasoning and argumentation for resolving inconsistent contextual knowledge, and a privacy protection mechanism that exploits information granularity adjustment. To demonstrate the feasibility of CoBrA, I prototyped a context broker in the FIPA platform using the JADE API library. I showed its use in supporting EasyMeeting, a smart meeting room system that provides context-aware services for assisting speakers and audiences. Other contributions include the CoBrA Demo Toolkit (an open source software package for demonstrating various aspects of CoBrA) and the CoBrA Text Messaging Commands (a text messaging interface for mobile users to interact with a context broker via SMS messages). The lessons learned from this research are as the follows. (i) CoBrA's broker-centric design can help to reduce the time and effort to rapidly prototype context-aware applications. (ii) Ontologies expressed using the OWL language can provide a uniformed solution for context representation and reasoning, knowledge sharing, and meta-language definitions. (iii) Rule-based logical inference can help to develop flexible context-aware systems by separating high-level context reasoning from low-level system behaviors.
Prevalence of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in ileocecal lymph nodes of cattle culled in the United States (1987)

During 1983 and 1984, ileocecal lymph node specimens were obtained from clinically normal cattle at 76 US Department of Agriculture-inspected cull cattle slaughterhouses in 32 states and Puerto Rico. Mycobacterium paratuberculosis was isolated from the lymph nodes of 119 of 7,540 cattle. The prevalence of bovine paratuberculosis was 1.6% overall, with 2.9% in dairy culls and 0.8% in beef culls. The prevalence for females and males did not appear to differ significantly.
<i>Leishmania</i>vaccines: progress and problems (2006)

Leishmania are protozoan parasites spread by a sandfly insect vector and causing a spectrum of diseases collectively known as leishmaniasis. The disease is a significant health problem in many parts of the world resulting in an estimated 12 million new cases each year. Current treatment is based on chemotherapy, which is difficult to administer, expensive and becoming ineffective due to the emergence of drug resistance. Leishmaniasis is considered one of a few parasitic diseases likely to be controllable by vaccination. The relatively uncomplicated leishmanial life cycle and the fact that recovery from infection renders the host resistant to subsequent infection indicate that a successful vaccine is feasible. Extensive evidence from studies in animal models indicates that solid protection can be achieved by immunisation with protein or DNA vaccines. However, to date no such vaccine is available despite substantial efforts by many laboratories. Advances in our understanding of Leishmania pathogenesis and generation of host protective immunity, together with the completed Leishmania genome sequence open new avenues for vaccine research. The major remaining challenges are the translation of data from animal models to human disease and the transition from the laboratory to the field. This review focuses on advances in anti-leishmania vaccine development over the recent years and examines current problems hampering vaccine development and implementation.
Colloidal Components in Solutions of Sodium Silicate (1982)

In concentrated solutions of sodium silicate with SiO2:Na2O ratios ranging from 2:1 to 4:1, about 75% of the silica is present as extremely small particles which increase from 1 to 2 nm in diameter with increasing ratio. It is suggested that the ionized surface of the particles is covered with an absorbed monolayer of hydrated sodium ions. The alkali thus limits the specific surface area and determines the size. These colloidal particles are in equilibrium with monomeric and oligomeric silicate ions containing up to about 8 silicon atoms. When the solutions are diluted, there is instant partial depolymerization and rearrangement. These conclusions are based on a study of the correspondig silicic acids liberated in dilute solution at pH 1.7 by sudden acidification of the silicate. Characterization involved measuring the rates of reaction with molybdic acid. In one sample the particle size was confirmed by ultrafiltration. The colloidal particles were separated from monomer and oligomers by extraction into tetrahydrofuran which was salted out of the sol.
Process models for the software development and performance engineering tasks (2002)

This research paper investigates and evaluates the currently available process models for software development with respect to representation of software performance engineering (SPE) tasks. The deficits identified point to the need to expand existing process models to include this task. On the basis of an process model for object-oriented development, a so called PM-OOPE is proposed to illustrate the subject, which allocates necessary SPE activities to the development process in a phase-related manner. "Support processes" required to implement these activities are also identified. The support processes take account of the necessary organisational framework, identification of the resources required for SPE activities based on risk analysis, applicable SPE methods, and performance related informations needed to carry out the task.
Expression of Islet1 marks the sensory and neuronal lineages in the mammalian inner ear (2004)

Several basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) genes have been shown to be essential for the generation of the auditory sensory hair cells or the spiral ganglion (SG) neurons that innervate the hair cells in the cochlea, as well as a variety of cell types in the other nervous systems. However, it remains elusive what cellular context-dependent mechanisms confer the inner ear-specific neuronal or sensory competency/identities. We explored the possibility that one of the mechanisms responsible for generating cellular diversity in the nervous system through cooperative action of bHLH and LIM-homeodomain (LIM-HD) transcriptional factors might also contribute to the inner ear-specific sensory and/or neuronal competency. Here, we show that Islet1 (Isl1), a LIM-HD protein, is expressed early in the otocyst in the region that gives rise to both the auditory sensory organ, the organ of Corti, and SG neurons. Subsequently, the expression of Isl1 is maintained in SG neurons but is transitory in the sensory lineage. At embryonic day 12 (E12) in mice, the expression of Isl1 marks distinctively the ventral portion of the nascent cochlear epithelium encompassing the primordial organ of Corti. At E13, Isl1 is maintained at relatively high levels in the sensory primordium while down-regulated in the other regions of the cochlear duct. As the sensory epithelium starts to differentiate, it is down-regulated in the entire cochlear epithelium. The expression of Isl1 in the developing inner ear reveals an early and likely a common step in the development of both sensory and neuronal lineages of the inner ear, and suggests its potential role in the inner ear-specific sensory and neuronal cell development.
100 Gbit/s optical signal eye-diagram measurementwith optical sampling using organic nonlinear optical crystal (1996)

The eye diagram of a 100 Gbit/s optical signal has been successfully measured using sum-frequency-generation optical sampling, which uses an organic crystal (AANP: 2-adamantylamino-5-nitropyridine) with high optical nonlinearity to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the measured waveform. Using this method, a signal-to-noise ratio &gt; 17 dB is obtained at a signal peak power of 270 mW.
To Be As a Whole Person is to Be with the Whole Person (2008)

Having grown up as a typical white, Western, rational dualistic thinker (and a Christian to boot), I now find I work with whole people experientially. This necessarily involves educating them about being whole people and the role their bodies play in their journeys. This paper will briefly describe my background, my journey to where I am now, then provide a few brief examples of working with clients who have utilised their body movement to help them explore their situations and move forward. Other aspects of my work include training students (and counsellors in supervision) about the value of knowing and understanding their own bodies and working with clients as whole people with bodies that give useful clues in therapy. Lessons I have learnt along the way will be shared as time permits.
Identification of a Conserved Universal Th Epitope in HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase That Is Processed and Presented to HIV-Specific CD4+ T Cells by at Least Four Unrelated HLA-DR Molecules (1999)

CD4+ Th cells play an important role in the induction and maintenance of specific T cell immunity. Indications for a protective role of CD4+ T cells against HIV-1 infection were found in subjects who were able to control HIV-1 viremia as well as in highly HIV-1-exposed, yet seronegative, individuals. This study describes the identification of an HIV-1-specific Th epitope that exhibits high affinity binding as well as high immunogenicity in the context of at least four different HLA-DR molecules that together cover 50-60% of the Caucasian, Oriental, and Negroid populations. This HIV-1 reverse transcriptase-derived peptide (RT171-190) is highly conserved among different HIV-1 isolates. Importantly, stimulation of PBL cultures from HIV-1 seronegative donors with this peptide resulted in Thl-type lymphocytes capable of efficient recognition of HIV-1-pulsed APCs. Taken together, these data indicate that peptide RT171-190 constitutes an attractive component of vaccines aiming at induction or enhancement of HIV-1-specific T cell immunity.
A new way to enumerate cycles in graph (2006)

In many cases, the topology of communcation systems can be abstracted and represented as graph. Graph theories and algorithms are useful in these situations. In this paper, we introduced an algorithm to enumerate all cycles in a graph. It can be applied on digraph or undirected graph. Multigraph can also be used on for this purpose. It can be used to enumerate given length cycles without enumerating all cycles. This algorithm is simple and easy to be implemented.
Micro-scale blood plasma separation: from acoustophoresis to egg-beaters (2013)

Plasma is a rich mine of various biomarkers including proteins, metabolites and circulating nucleic acids. The diagnostic and therapeutic potential of these analytes has been quite recently uncovered, and the number of plasma biomarkers will still be growing in the coming years. A significant part of the blood plasma preparation is still handled manually, off-chip, via centrifugation or filtration. These batch methods have variable waiting times, and are often performed under non-reproducible conditions that may impair the collection of analytes of interest, with variable degradation. The development of miniaturised modules capable of automated and reproducible blood plasma separation would aid in the translation of lab-on-a-chip devices to the clinical market. Here we propose a systematic review of major plasma analytes and target applications, alongside existing solutions for micro-scale blood plasma extraction, focusing on the approaches that have been biologically validated for specific applications.
Gastric acid output and circulating antibovine serum albumin in adults. (1967)

Gastric acid output and circulating antibodies to a dietary protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA), were studied in 241 adult human subjects. Among individuals 41 years of age and older there was a higher than expected incidence of circulating anti-BSA which correlated with a high stimulated gastric acid output. When other possible contributing factors such as the site of gastroduodenal disease or a history of allergy were considered, the relationship between high gastric acid and an increased incidence of anti-BSA again was demonstrated. The quantity and immunoglobulin classes of anti-BSA were not correlated with differences in gastric acid output or dietary histories, except that none of the sixteen patients who denied recent BSA intake had demonstrable anti-BSA activity. These data suggest that for a given individual the capacity to maintain or reinitiate anti-BSA production is a multifaceted phenomenon subject to many variables, one of which is gastric acidity.
Cloning restriction fragments that promote expression of a gene in Bacillus subtilis (1981)

Plasmid pPL603 (3.1 megadaltons) specifies neomycin resistance in Bacillus subtilis and contains a structural gene for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase. Cells harboring the plasmid cannot grow on solid media containing 10 microgram of chloramphenicol per ml. Cloning EcoRI (or EcoRI)-generated fragments of deoxyribonucleic acid from several sources into the single EcoRI site in plasmid pPL603, with subsequent selection of transformants of media containing 10 micrograms of chloramphenicol per ml, permits the identification of restriction fragments that promote expression of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene.
A 2/3-in 1187(H)*581(V) S-VHS-compatible frame-transfer CCD for ESP and movie mode (1991)

The authors present a high-resolution frame-transfer charge-coupled-device (CCD) suitable for S-VHS camcorders with an additional full-resolution true electronic still picture (ESP) mode of operation. The CCD sensor is composed of an image section, an intermediate readout register, a storage section, and a second readout register. A resolution of 450 TV lines (H) is obtained in color images by applying cyan-green-yellow complementary stripe color filters on the 1187(H)*581(V) pixels. The operation of the sensor in both conventional video and ESP modes is described. Special attention is paid to the 3-D potential calculations required to obtain a design guaranteeing a high-quality picture. Experimental results are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Protein trans-splicing in transgenic plant chloroplast: Reconstruction of herbicide resistance from split genes (2003)

Inteins are intervening protein sequences that undergo self-excision from a precursor protein with concomitant joining of the flanking sequences. Here, we demonstrate intein trans-splicing in Nicotiana tabacum chloroplasts by using the naturally split Ssp DnaE intein. Trans-splicing occurred whether both intein fragments were encoded in the chloroplast or were separated into the chloroplast and nuclear genomes. A biolistic approach was used to integrate two fusion genes, one encoding aminoglycoside-3-adenyltransferase (aadA) and the first 123 aa of the Ssp DnaE intein (In) and the other encoding 36 C-terminal amino acid residues of the Ssp DnaE intein (Ic) and soluble modified green fluorescent protein (smGFP) into N. tabacum plastids. Expression of these gene fragments in the chloroplast resulted in ligated aadA-smGFP due to In-Ic-mediated trans-splicing. Furthermore, an N-terminal portion of the herbicide resistance gene 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) containing a chloroplast localization signal fused to In (EPSPSn-In) was integrated into the nuclear DNA of N. tabacum by using Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. The remaining EPSPS gene fragment (EPSPSc) fused to Ic (Ic-EPSPSc) was integrated into the chloroplast genome by homologous recombination. Western blot analysis of cell extracts from these plants showed a full-length EPSPS, demonstrating that the EPSPSn-In gene product migrated to the chloroplast and underwent trans-splicing. Furthermore, these transgenic plants displayed improved resistance to the herbicide N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine (glyphosate) when compared with wild-type N. tabacum.
Systematic evaluation of antibody-mediated siRNA delivery using an industrial platform of THIOMAB–siRNA conjugates (2014)

Delivery of siRNA is a key hurdle to realizing the therapeutic promise of RNAi. By targeting internalizing cell surface antigens, antibody-siRNA complexes provide a possible solution. However, initial reports of antibody-siRNA complexes relied on non-specific charged interactions and have not been broadly applicable. To assess and improve this delivery method, we built on an industrial platform of therapeutic antibodies called THIOMABs, engineered to enable precise covalent coupling of siRNAs. We report that such coupling generates monomeric antibody-siRNA conjugates (ARCs) that retain antibody and siRNA activities. To broadly assess this technology, we generated a battery of THIOMABs against seven targets that use multiple internalization routes, enabling systematic manipulation of multiple parameters that impact delivery. We identify ARCs that induce targeted silencing in vitro and extend tests to target prostate carcinoma cells following systemic administration in mouse models. However, optimal silencing was restricted to specific conditions and only observed using a subset of ARCs. Trafficking studies point to ARC entrapment in endocytic compartments as a limiting factor, independent of the route of antigen internalization. Our broad characterization of multiple parameters using therapeutic-grade conjugate technology provides a thorough assessment of this delivery technology, highlighting both examples of success as well as remaining challenges.
Oral tolerance in myelin basic protein T-cell receptor transgenic mice: suppression of autoimmune encephalomyelitis and dose-dependent induction of regulatory cells. (1996)

Orally administered antigens induce a state of immunologic hyporesponsiveness termed oral tolerance. Different mechanisms are involved in mediating oral tolerance depending on the dose fed. Low doses of antigen generate cytokine-secreting regulatory cells, whereas high doses induce anergy or deletion. We used mice transgenic for a T-cell receptor (TCR) derived from an encephalitogenic T-cell clone specific for the acetylated N-terminal peptide of myelin basic protein (MBP) Ac-1-11 plus I-Au to test whether a regulatory T cell could be generated from the same precursor cell as that of an encephalitogenic Th1 cell and whether the induction was dose dependent. The MBP TCR transgenic mice primarily have T cells of a precursor phenotype that produce interleukin 2 (IL-2) with little interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), IL-4, or transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta). We fed transgenic animals a low-dose (1 mg x 5) or high-dose (25 mg x 1) regimen of mouse MBP and without further immunization spleen cells were tested for cytokine production. Low-dose feeding induced prominent secretion of IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-beta, whereas minimal secretion of these cytokines was observed with high-dose feeding. Little or no change was seen in proliferation or IL-2/IFN-gamma secretion in fed animals irrespective of the dose. To demonstrate in vivo functional activity of the cytokine-secreting cells generated by oral antigen, spleen cells from low-dose-fed animals were adoptively transferred into naive (PLJ x SJL)F1 mice that were then immunized for the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Marked suppression of EAE was observed when T cells were transferred from MBP-fed transgenic animals but not from animals that were not fed. In contrast to oral tolerization, s.c. immunization of transgenic animals with MBP in complete Freund's adjuvant induced IFN-gamma-secreting Th1 cells in vitro and experimental encephalomyelitis in vivo. Despite the large number of cells reactive to MBP in the transgenic animals, EAE was also suppressed by low-dose feeding of MBP prior to immunization. These results demonstrate that MBP-specific T cells can differentiate in vivo into encephalitogenic or regulatory T cells depending upon the context by which they are exposed to antigen.
Antimicrobial properties of delmopinol against oral bacteria (1995)

Antimicrobial properties of the morpholine derivative delmopinol hydrochloride were investigated in vitro. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were measured for a range of oral bacteria by broth and agar dilution techniques and minimum bactericidal concentrations were measured in broth. The rate of kill was investigated by determination and analysis of kill curves. The results indicated that delmopinol is a relatively weak antimicrobial in comparison with chlorhexidine. However, it may selectively affect certain species of oral bacteria which are of importance in plaque formation.
A Novel, Highly Sensitive Antibody Allows for the Routine Detection of <i>ALK</i> -Rearranged Lung Adenocarcinomas by Standard Immunohistochemistry (2010)

Low levels of ALK protein expression is a characteristic feature of ALK-rearranged lung adenocarcinomas. However, a novel, highly sensitive IHC assay reliably detects lung adenocarcinomas with ALK rearrangements and obviates the need for fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis for the majority of cases, and therefore could be routinely applicable in clinical practice to detect lung cancers that may be responsive to ALK inhibitors.
A monolithic signal processor for a neurophysiological telemetry system (1985)

A micropower signal-processor IC is the key component of an implantable telemetry system for neurophysiology. The bipolar/JFET/I/SUP 2/L chip uses digital and low-noise analog circuitry to amplify, filter, and multiplex eight channels of neutral, electrogram, and temperature data from unanesthetized and freely moving animals. Fully integrated continuous-time bandpass amplifiers incorporate a frequency-sensitive feedback network to prevent the amplification of input offset voltage. The system can telemeter data for over 500 h, permitting long-term neurophysiological investigations.
Sixth NASA Glenn Research Center Propulsion Control and Diagnostics (PCD) Workshop (2018)

The Intelligent Control and Autonomy Branch at NASA Glenn Research Center hosted the Sixth Propulsion Control and Diagnostics Workshop on August 22-24, 2017. The objectives of this workshop were to disseminate information about research being performed in support of NASA Aeronautics programs; get feedback from peers on the research; and identify opportunities for collaboration. There were presentations and posters by NASA researchers, Department of Defense representatives, and engine manufacturers on aspects of turbine engine modeling, control, and diagnostics.