gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Leukotriene B4 Receptor (BLT1) Is Required for Effector CD8+ T Cell-Mediated, Mast Cell-Dependent Airway Hyperresponsiveness (2006)

Studies in both humans and rodents have suggested that CD8+ T cells contribute to the development of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and that leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is involved in the chemotaxis of effector CD8+ T cells (T(EFF)) to the lung by virtue of their expression of BLT1, the receptor for LTB4. In the present study, we used a mast cell-CD8-dependent model of AHR to further define the role of BLT1 in CD8+ T cell-mediated AHR. C57BL/6+/+ and CD8-deficient (CD8-/-) mice were passively sensitized with anti-OVA IgE and exposed to OVA via the airways. Following passive sensitization and allergen exposure, C57BL/6+/+ mice developed altered airway function, whereas passively sensitized and allergen-exposed CD8-/- mice failed to do so. CD8-/- mice reconstituted with CD8+ T(EFF) developed AHR in response to challenge. In contrast, CD8-/- mice reconstituted with BLT1-deficient effector CD8+ T cells did not develop AHR. The induction of increased airway responsiveness following transfer of CD8+ T(EFF) or in wild-type mice could be blocked by administration of an LTB4 receptor antagonist confirming the role of BLT1 in CD8+ T cell-mediated AHR. Together, these data define the important role for mast cells and the LTB4-BLT1 pathway in the development of CD8+ T cell-mediated allergic responses in the lung.
Biochemical characteristics and partial amino acid sequence of the receptor-like human B cell and carcinoma antigen CDw40. (1989)

The Ag CDw40 (p50, Bp50) is a phosphoprotein expressed on the surface of both B lymphocytes and on certain malignant cell types of nonhemopoietic origin. Antibodies to this Ag have been shown to act as a potent co-mitogen for B cells. In order to elucidate the function of this Ag, we have now investigated some of its biochemical characteristics as well as the relationship of B cell derived CDw40 to that derived from urinary bladder carcinoma (transitional cell carcinoma, TCC) cells. CDw40 from normal B cells or from the Burkitt lymphoma line Raji showed a characteristic pattern of three bands when analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting: a main band of 47 kDa, a degradation product of 43 kDa, and a dimer of 85 kDa. The dimer was disrupted by reduction with 2-ME but was reformed spontaneously from the purified monomers under nonreducing conditions. CDw40 from two bladder cancer cell lines gave a similar pattern but formed little or no dimer. Thirty amino acids of the amino terminal end of CDw40 from Raji and 22 amino acids of that from TCC cells (HU549) were sequenced. The sequences were unusually rich in cysteines and differed only in that the cysteine in position 6 in Raji CDw40 had been replaced by glutamine in HU549. In addition there were two conservative changes in positions 15 and 19. Taken together these results show that CDw40 derived from B cells or from TCC cells are the same or closely related molecules. Comparisons of the amino acid sequence and biochemical characteristics of CDw40 with proteins having receptor functions indicated a close structural resemblance of CDw40 to the nerve growth factor-receptor.
Antennas for the New Airwaves (2009)

The paper gives an overview of different indoor and outdoor antennas that can be used for TV applications. An emphasis is given on the antennas that can be used for HDTV and digital TV.
A topological insight into restricted Boltzmann machines (2016)

Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBMs) and models derived from them have been successfully used as basic building blocks in deep artificial neural networks for automatic features extraction, unsupervised weights initialization, but also as density estimators. Thus, their generative and discriminative capabilities, but also their computational time are instrumental to a wide range of applications. Our main contribution is to look at RBMs from a topological perspective, bringing insights from network science. Firstly, here we show that RBMs and Gaussian RBMs (GRBMs) are bipartite graphs which naturally have a small-world topology. Secondly, we demonstrate both on synthetic and real-world datasets that by constraining RBMs and GRBMs to a scale-free topology (while still considering local neighborhoods and data distribution), we reduce the number of weights that need to be computed by a few orders of magnitude, at virtually no loss in generative performance. Thirdly, we show that, for a fixed number of weights, our proposed sparse models (which by design have a higher number of hidden neurons) achieve better generative capabilities than standard fully connected RBMs and GRBMs (which by design have a smaller number of hidden neurons), at no additional computational costs.
Regulation and application of microRNAs in viral vectors (2012)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are evolutionarily conserved small non-coding RNA molecules that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression by base-pairing to mRNAs(a few DNA).miRNAs are involved in the regulation of multicellular processes including development,differentiation,apoptosis,lipid metabolism,viral infection and the development of carncer.The successful gene therapy largely depends on the vector type that allows a selective and efficient gene delivery to target cells.Viral vectors have been considered the moet effective in vive gene delivery reagents.In this article,the regulation and application of miRNA in viral vectors are reviewed.

Key words: 
Viral vectors; MicroRNA; Tumors
Ultrasensitive Detection of Bacteria Using Core–Shell Nanoparticles and an NMR‐Filter System (2009)

Tröpfcheninfektion: Ein hoch empfindliches und schnelles Analysesystem für Erreger wurde entwickelt. Dabei werden die Bakterien mit magnetischen Nanopartikeln (MNPs) inkubiert, in einer Mikrofluidikkammer konzentriert und durch ein miniaturisiertes NMR-Verfahren auf einem Chip detektiert. Die Methode war in der Lage, schon 20 Bakterien in 1 mL einer Auswurfprobe binnen 30 min nachzuweisen. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Thermodynamic Aspects of Electrocatalytic CO<sub>2</sub> Reduction in Acetonitrile and with an Ionic Liquid as Solvent or Electrolyte (2015)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVViewpointNEXTThermodynamic Aspects of Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction in Acetonitrile and with an Ionic Liquid as Solvent or ElectrolyteYasuo Matsubara*†, David C. Grills*‡, and Yutaka Kuwahara§View Author Information† Department of Material and Life Chemistry, Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama 221-8686, Japan‡ Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, P.O. Box 5000, Upton, New York 11973-5000, United States§ Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan*E-mail: [email protected] (Y.M.).*E-mail: [email protected] (D.C.G.).Cite this: ACS Catal. 2015, 5, 11, 6440–6452Publication Date (Web):September 17, 2015Publication History Received27 March 2015Published online1 October 2015Published inissue 6 November 2015https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acscatal.5b00656https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.5b00656editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2015 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views12138Altmetric-Citations159LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (1 MB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Cations,Electrodes,Imidazolium,Redox reactions,Transfer reactions Get e-Alerts
Structures of potassium encapsulated within the 1,3-alternate conformation of calix[4]arenes (1994)

5,11,17,23-Tetra-tert-butyl-25,26,27,28-tetrakis(diethylcarbamoylmethoxy)calix[4]arene (L1) has been synthesised in the 1,3-alternate conformation for the first time. Proton NMR complexation studies suggest that this molecule forms 1:1 and 2:1 complexes with potassium cations. A crystal structure determination has been performed on the 2:1 complex [K2L1][CuCl2][I3], [monoclinic, space group P21/n, a= 13.972(6), b= 23.373(12), c= 25.271(12)Å, β= 102.5(1)°, Z= 4, R= 0.092 for 6501 ‘observed’ reflections]. The structure of the 1:1 potassium complex of the related diamide, 5,11,17,23-tetra-tert-butyl-25,27-bis(diethylcarbamoylmethoxy)-26,28-dihydroxycalix[4]arene (L2), [KL2][I3], has also been elucidated [triclinic, space group P, a= 14.160(8), b= 16.326(10), c= 16.540(10)Å, α= 65.83(1), β= 67.37(1), γ= 88.87(1)°, Z= 2, R= 0.091 for 4976 ‘observed’ reflections]. Remarkably, the calixarene is again found in the 1,3-alternate conformation, although 13C NMR studies suggest that, in this case, the conformation is not maintained in solution. The co-ordination spheres of the potassium cations in both structures are similar, with a hitherto unobserved combination of close contacts to four oxygen atoms, and to two phenyl rings of the respective calix[4]arenes, Molecular mechanics calculations have been carried out to investigate the relative stabilities of the calixarene conformations.
Transferred vertically aligned N-doped carbon nanotube arrays: use in dye-sensitized solar cells as counter electrodes (2011)

We prepared vertically aligned nitrogen doped carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on a rigid glass substrate or flexible plastic substrate via a 'growth-detachment-transfer' process and the vertically aligned N-doped CNT arrays are employed as counter electrodes for novel dye-sensitized solar cells.
Application of genetic programming to control of vehicle systems (2003)

The development of sophisticated and complex 'intelligent' systems often requires effective means to process information and control complicated systems. An 'intelligent' system gathers information and interacts with its environment under the control of microprocessors programmed to process information and to execute control actions or responses to sensory inputs. The authors review briefly the basic principles of genetic algorithms and examine some potential applications of genetic programming for intelligent vehicle systems. They demonstrate the potential of this method by examining a particular problem in detail; the discovery of a control algorithm for an active suspension system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Plasmonic Nanobubbles as Transient Vapor Nanobubbles Generated around Plasmonic Nanoparticles (2010)

We have used short laser pulses to generate transient vapor nanobubbles around plasmonic nanoparticles. The photothermal, mechanical, and optical properties of such bubbles were found to be different from those of plasmonic nanoparticle and vapor bubbles, as well. This phenomenon was considered as a new complex nanosystem-plasmonic nanobubble (PNB). Mechanical and optical scattering properties of PNB depended upon the nanoparticle surface and heat capacity, clusterization state, and the optical pulse length. The generation of the PNB required much higher laser pulse fluence thresholds than the explosive boiling level and was characterized by the relatively high lower threshold of the minimal size (lifetime) of PNB. Optical scattering by PNB and its diameter (measured as the lifetime) has been varied with the fluence of laser pulse, and this has demonstrated the tunable nature of PNB.
CHRONIC ROTATOR CUFF INJURY AND REPAIR MODEL IN SHEEP (2003)

We found that earlier repair of the tendon results in a more rapid recovery of both muscle function and tendon elasticity compared with a more delayed repair. We concluded that there may be a "point of no return" in rotator cuff injury after which the elasticity of the muscle-tendon unit does not return to normal.
High availability, scalable storage, dynamic peer networks: pick two (2003)

Peer-to-peer storage aims to build large-scale, reliable and available storage from many small-scale unreliable, low-availability distributed hosts. Data redundancy is the key to any data guarantees. However, preserving redundancy in the face of highly dynamic membership is costly. We apply a simple resource usage model to measured behavior from the Gnutella file-sharing network to argue that large-scale cooperative storage is limited by likely dynamics and cross-system bandwidth --- not by local disk space. We examine some bandwidth optimization strategies like delayed response to failures, admission control, and load-shifting and find that they do not alter the basic problem. We conclude that when redundancy, data scale, and dynamics are all high, the requisite cross-system bandwidth is beyond reasonable expectations.
Orthogonal multicarrier techniques applied to direct sequence spread spectrum CDMA systems (2002)

We design a new scheme for DS-CDMA applications. The basic principle consists in applying orthogonal multicarrier transmission to DS spread spectrum systems. Several algorithms for estimating the equalizer coefficients are investigated in order to reduce the interuser interference due to multipath propagation and cross-correlation between the code sequences. The resulting system achieves high robustness against channel impairments and outperforms the conventional single-carrier DS-CDMA system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Antibody to the Gastric Campylobacter-like Organism ("Campylobacter Pyloridis")--Clinical Correlations and Distribution in the Normal Population (1986)

Different cellular proteins of the gastric campylobacter-like organism (GCLO) were shown to be immunogenic for man. Antibodies to GCLO were detected in sera by both complement fixation and enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay. Antibody was found in 133 (52%) of 254 patients attending for gastroscopy. There was a high correlation between presence of antibody and a positive GCLO culture from the gastric mucus. Patients with normal endoscopic appearances, duodenal ulcer, duodenitis and oesophagitis had similar prevalences (c. 50%) of antibody. Only patients with endoscopically visible gastritis or gastric ulcer had a higher frequency (c. 80%) of antibody. In a normal population, antibody was uncommon in individuals less than 20 years old, but the prevalence of antibody increased (to c. 50%) with age. There was little evidence to support an important pathological role for GCLO in disorders of the upper gastrointestinal tract, although the possibility that it may be a co-factor in the pathogenesis of gastric ulcer cannot be excluded.
Determination of esophageal probe insertion length based on standing and sitting height (1990)

The present study derives simple formulas for the prediction of optimal insertion length of an esophageal temperature-sensitive probe from the measurements of either standing or sitting height. The formulas assume that the optimal site for an esophageal temperature probe is in the region of the esophagus bounded by the left ventricle and aorta, corresponding to the level of the eighth and ninth thoracic vertebrae (T8 and T9, respectively). An esophageal probe was constructed of polyethylene tubing containing 1-cm segments of alternating radiopaque and nonradiopaque tubing in the distal 20 cm of the probe. The probe was inserted through a nostril into the esophagus of 20 subjects (12 males and 8 females) of various heights (range 163-194.6 cm) and weights (range 52.2-100.8 kg), and lateral chest radiograms were obtained for determination of the insertion length of the probe (L) required to situate the probe in the retrocardiac esophagus. Analysis of the radiograms demonstrated that, at the level of the intervertebral disc between T8 and T9, the probe was below the tracheal bifurcation and close to the left ventricle. The distance from the nasal flare to this level showed a good correlation with the subject's stretched stature (r2 = 0.71) and sitting height (r2 = 0.86). The following equations were derived to predict the placement of the esophageal probe at the T8/T9 level based on standing height: L (CM) = 0.228 x (standing height) - 0.194, and sitting height: L (cm) = 0.479 x (sitting height) - 4.44.
Regulated expression of syndecan in vascular smooth muscle cells and cloning of rat syndecan core protein cDNA. (1992)

cDNA encoding the core protein of rat syndecan was cloned from a neonatal rat aortic cDNA library by polymerase chain reaction amplification. Expression of syndecan mRNA in rat aortic vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cells was demonstrated by reverse transcriptase-linked polymerase chain reaction amplification of syndecan sequences using total RNA from rat aortic VSM cells as templates. Polyclonal antibodies against rat syndecan core protein were produced by immunizing rabbits with a recombinant fusion protein containing a fragment of the extracellular domain. The anti-syndecan antibodies immunoprecipitated a large 35SO4-labeled molecule synthesized by cultured rat aortic VSM cells. The immunoprecipitated molecule was identified as a hybrid proteoglycan, based on results of alkaline, nitrous acid, and chondroitinase ABC digestions. On immunoblots the antibodies recognized a proteoglycan of greater than 200 kDa, with a core protein size after deglycosylation of approximately 50 kDa. The anti-syndecan antibodies stained cultured rat aortic VSM cells as well as tissue sections of neonatal and adult rat aortas in the medial, smooth muscle layer. On Northern blots of RNA isolated from cultured VSM cells, a syndecan cDNA probe hybridized to a major RNA species of 2.6 kilobases. Quantitative Northern blot analysis of total RNA isolated from VSM cells harvested at different cell densities revealed a decrease in syndecan mRNA levels with increased cell density. These results demonstrate the regulated synthesis of syndecan by rat VSM cells.
Oxygen, iron, carbon, and superoxide control of the fumarase fumA and fumC genes of Escherichia coli: role of the arcA, fnr, and soxR gene products (1995)

The tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme fumarase catalyzes the interconversion of fumarate to L-malate. Escherichia coli contains three biochemically distinct fumarases. While the fumA and fumB genes encode heat-labile, iron-containing fumarases, the fumC gene product is a heat-stable fumarase which does not require iron for activity. To study how the fumA and fumC genes are regulated, we constructed lacZ operon fusions to the fumA and/or fumC upstream regions. Expression of the fumA and fumC genes was lowest during anaerobic cell growth, in support of the proposed roles of FumA and FumC as aerobic fumarases. Transcription of the fumC gene was shown to be complex: it was dependent on both the fumA and fumC promoters. Anaerobic expression from the fumA promoter was derepressed in both an arcA and a fnr mutant, while expression from the fumC promoter was derepressed in only the arcA strain. The fumA promoter was also shown to be catabolite controlled, whereas the fumC promoter was relatively unaffected by the type of carbon used for cell growth. Cellular iron limitation stimulated fumC but not fumA expression. Superoxide radicals also caused increased fumC gene expression; fumA expression was unaffected. Both the superoxide control and the iron control of fumC expression required the SoxR regulatory protein. These studies suggest different physiological roles for the FumA and FumC fumarases. The iron-containing FumA fumarase is the more abundant enzyme under most conditions of aerobic cell growth except when iron is limiting; FumC, which lacks iron, appears to be a backup enzyme that is synthesized optimally only when iron is low or when superoxide radicals accumulate.
Performance tests of a Benesh wind turbine rotor and a Savonius rotor (1995)

A study was conducted to compare the performance of a Benesh rotor against a Savonius rotor as a wind power generating device. Rotors of similar dimensions were tested at the exit of a 1.22 m x 0.91 wind tunnel, at two different shaft heights above the ground. In all the tests, the maximum power coefficient for the Benesh rotor was considerably greater than for the Savonius and occurred at a lower tip speed ratio. The Benesh rotor also displayed better starting characteristics throughout. Finally, the present data compared very favourably with the experimental data of Backwell et al. (Author)
A General Photo-Electro-Thermal Theory for Light Emitting Diode (LED) Systems (2009)

The photometric, electrical and thermal features of LED systems are highly dependent on one another. By considering all these factors together, it is possible to optimize the design of LED systems. This paper presents a general theory that links the photometric, electrical and thermal behaviors of a LED system together. The theory shows that the thermal design is an indispensible part of the electrical circuit design and will strongly influence the peak luminous output of LED systems. It can be used to explain why the optimal operating power, at which maximum luminous flux is generated, may not occur at the rated power of the LEDs. This theory can be used to determine the optimal operating point for a LED system so that the maximum luminous flux can be achieved for a given thermal design. The general theory has been verified favorably by experiments using high-brightness LEDs.
Label Free Mid-IR Photothermal Imaging of Bird Brain With Quantum Cascade Laser (2014)

Label free mid-infrared photothermal imaging on bird brain slices is presented. The Amide-I vibrational band is excited by a quantum cascade laser and an Er:doped fiber measures the photothermal response.