gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modeling and design of CMUTs using higher order vibration modes (2005)

Capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) design has so far relied on the first vibration mode of the CMUT membrane which most resembles piston-like motion. However, experiments show that the frequency response of the CMUT is significantly affected by the higher order vibration modes of the membrane. In this paper, we discuss the design of CMUTs considering these higher order vibration modes of the transducer membrane to tailor its frequency response for specific applications such as harmonic imaging. Based on an FEA model, we show that the vibration frequency of a particular membrane mode can be adjusted by judicious mass loading of the membrane, taking the strain energy distribution into account. Furthermore, we show that using multiple electrodes on the CMUT membrane, in conjunction with membrane mass distribution, the transmit and receive response of the CMUT can be separately optimized for harmonic imaging. An example is given to illustrate the above concepts.
WORKFORCE DIVERSITY: WHY, WHEN, AND HOW (2005)

In this introduction to the volume on Workforce Diversity, we review some of the critical issues that need to be addressed in thinking about and doing research on workforce diversity, and then we discuss where the topics addressed in this volume fit within the larger literature on diversity at work and how the contributions in the volume advance our understanding of workforce diversity. By necessity this is a brief overview. The papers in this volume elaborate some of the issues, but a great deal more needs to be done to fully understand how diversity both affects and contributes to workplace outcomes. We conclude with the observation that the issue of diversity in the workforce is inherently a political issue, and hence one where interests are often in conflict and sometimes contradictory. The challenge for managing diversity in the workforce is the ability to bridge such political differences, and so far, few organizations have met that goal.
Yeast Origin Recognition Complex Functions in Transcription Silencing and DNA Replication (1993)

The genes encoding two of the subunits of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae origin recognition complex (ORC) have been isolated. Characterization of a temperature-sensitive mutation in the gene encoding the 72-kD subunit of ORC (ORC2) indicates that this protein complex functions early in the DNA replication process. Moreover, ORC derived from orc2ts cells is defective for DNA binding. Others have shown a defect in orc2ts cells in transcriptional silencing at the silent mating-type loci. Consistent with this finding, ORC specifically binds to each of the four mating-type silencers identified in yeast. These findings support the hypothesis that ORC acts as an initiator protein at yeast origins of DNA replication and suggest that ORC also functions in the determination of transcriptional domains.
Preparation and characterization of derivatives of isoricinoleic acid and their antimicrobial activity (1985)

Abstract Methylisoricinoleate (methyl‐9‐hydroxy‐ cis ‐12‐octadecenoate) (I) has been derivatized to yield new fatty acid derivatives analogous to those obtained from the ricinoleic acid of castor oil. These derivatives include 1,9‐dihydroxy‐12‐octadecene (II); 1,9‐diacetoxy‐12‐octadecene (III); 12,13‐epoxy‐1,9‐diacetoxyoctadecane (IV); 9‐cyanoethoxy‐1‐hydroxy‐12‐octadecene (V); 1‐morpholine‐9‐hydroxy‐12‐octadecene (VI), and 1‐morpholine‐9‐cyanoethoxy‐12‐octadecene (VII). Structures of these compounds were established by chemical and spectral data. The compounds V, VI and VII showed antifungal activity against Alternaria sp., Helminthosporium sp., Penicillium citrinum, Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus ochraceous, A. flavus, A. niger, Actinomyces sp. and Cladosporium harbarum .
High Current Linear Induction Accelerator for Electrons (1964)

A 150-A, 4-MeV electron accelerator has been designed and constructed for use in the ``Astron'' experiment. Design requirements include a beam quality less than 10−2 rad·cm and an energy spread of ±0.5%; the pulse length is 0.25 μsec and the repetition rate is variable to a maximum of 60/sec. The accelerating principle used is magnetic induction. Design features and the results of preliminary operation are discussed.
Ptx1, a bicoid-related homeo box transcription factor involved in transcription of the pro-opiomelanocortin gene. (1996)

The pituitary gland contains six distinct hormone-producing cell types that arise sequentially during organogenesis. The first cells to differentiate are those that express the pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) gene in the anterior pituitary lobe. The other lineages, which appear later, include cells that are dependent on the POU factor Pit-1 and another POMC-expressing lineage in the intermediate pituitary lobe. Using AtT-20 cells as a model for early expression of POMC in the anterior pituitary, we have defined a regulatory element conferring cell specificity of transcription and cloned a cognate transcription factor. This factor, Ptx1 (pituitary homeo box 1), contains a homeo box related to those of the anterior-specific genes bicoid and orthodenticle in Drosophila, and Otx-1 and Otx-2 in mammals. Ptx1 activates transcription upon binding a sequence related to the Drosophila bicoid target sites. Ptx1 is the only nuclear factor of this DNA-binding specificity that is detected in AtT-20 cells, and it is expressed at high levels in a subset of adult anterior pituitary cells that express POMC. However, Ptx1 is expressed in most cells of Rathke's pouch at an early time during pituitary development and before final differentiation of hormone-producing cells. Thus, Ptx1 may have a role in differentiation of pituitary cells, and its early expression pattern suggests that it may have a role in pituitary formation. In the adult pituitary gland, Ptx1 appears to be recruited for cell-specific transcription of the POMC gene.
Implications of MIME for Internet Mail Gateways (1992)

The recent development of MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) offers a wide range of new opportunities for electronic mail system systems. Most of these opportunites are relevant only to user agents, the programs that interact with human users when they send and receive mail. However, some opportunities are also opened up for mail transport systems. While MIME was carefully designed so that it does not require any changes to Internet electronic message transport facilities, there are several ways in which message transport systems may want to take advantage of MIME. These opportunities are the subject of this memo.
A sublanguage based medical language processing system for German (1992)

The major accomplishments reported in this thesis are: (1) The development of a computer grammar for a nontrivial sublanguage of German. This grammar, using the LSP (Linguistic String Processor) grammar formalism, solves a number of parsing problems arising in free word order languages such as German. (2) The development of an LSP-based information system that obtains semantic representations of texts in a medical sublanguage of German. (3) The confirmation of the sublanguage hypothesis (explained below).
In LSP grammar theory, sentences in a language are derived from a collection of basic sentence types. The basic sentence types are described in terms of the major syntactic classes (e.g., noun, verb, adjective) of the language. Sentences are derived from these basic sentences by the insertion of optional structures called adjuncts, by conjoining, and by substituting words in the major classes. Insertion, conjoining, and substitution are constrained by co-occurrence restrictions between elements in the derived syntactic structures. The restrictions subcategorize the major word classes into subclasses that may co-occur in sentences according to the co-occurrence restrictions.
The sublanguage hypothesis elaborates LSP grammar theory in the following way. In a particular domain of discourse, the subcategorization of the major word classes reflects the underlying semantics of the domain. The basic sentence types of the language, represented by sublanguage subclasses instead of major word classes, can function as data structures (called information formats) representing the information of the domain.
The LSP Medical Language Processor (LSP/MLP) is an information retrieval/information extraction system based on sublanguage and information formatting. It processes sentences in the English sublanguage of clinical reporting into information formats, which are in turn are converted into database update records for a relational database. The information formats are derived from sublanguage co-occurrence information obtained from a corpus of discharge summaries.
The German information formatting system implemented in this work processes German Arztbriefe (doctor letters) of cancer surgery patients into information formats. It confirms the sublanguage hypothesis because it re-uses the sublanguage information (co-occurrence information and formats) of the English LSP/MLP system in an equivalent sublanguage, showing that the sublanguage information reflects the semantics of the domain.
Dehydrogenation Polymer−Cell Wall Complexes as a Model for Lignified Grass Walls (1996)

p-Hydroxycinnamyl alcohols were efficiently polymerized into maize walls by wall-bound peroxidases and in vitro generated hydrogen peroxide to produce dehydrogenation polymer−cell wall (DHP−CW) complexes. Electron microscopy of KMnO4-stained sections revealed that DHPs were distributed throughout the cell wall matrix. DHP−CW complexes were structurally similar to natural grass lignins according to pyrolysis, thioacidolysis, and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. Nonlignified walls were rapidly degraded by rumen microorganisms and by commercial fungal hydrolases, whereas DHP−CW complexes had a reduced rate and extent of degradation. This system is useful for modeling matrix interactions in lignified walls and for identifying means of improving the utilization of lignocellulosic materials for nutritional and industrial purposes. Keywords: Gramineae; Zea mays; cell wall; fiber; peroxidase; p-hydroxycinnamyl alcohols; lignin; dehydrogenation polymer; transmission electron microscopy; pyrolysis; thioacidolysis; NMR; fiber degradability
Frames, bases and group representations (2000)

Introduction Basic theory for frames Complementary frames and disjointness Frame vectors for unitary systems Gabor type unitary systems Frame wavelets, super-wavelets and frame sets Frame representations for groups Concluding remarks Bibliography.
Evidence for selective <i>in vivo</i> expansion of synovial tissue-infiltrating CD4<sup>+</sup> CD45RO<sup>+</sup> T lymphocytes on the basis of CDR3 diversity (1994)

In this study we have analyzed the TCR V alpha and V beta regions at the DNA level in the CD4+CD45RO+ memory T cell population of synovial tissue infiltrating T lymphocytes of three rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and one patient with chronic arthritis. Cell lines of CD4+CD45RO+, CD4+CD45RO-, CD8+CD45RO+ and CD8+CD45RO- T lymphocyte populations were generated following FACS cell sorting of freshly isolated synovial tissue mononuclear cell infiltrates (STMC) and of freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of these patients. The phenotypic and molecular analyses have revealed the following. (i) The TCR repertoires of tissue infiltrating T lymphocytes in the various subsets were extensive on the basis of TCR V gene family usage. (ii) Furthermore, each patient displayed individual specific TCR V gene expression patterns in the various STMC and PBMC derived T cell subsets. However, the majority of these arthritis patients manifested increased expression of multiple TCR V gene families in the synovial tissue derived CD4+CD45RO+ T cell population when compared with the peripheral blood derived CD4+CD45RO+ subset. Of these gene families, we found enhanced expression of the TCR V alpha 7 and V beta 11 gene segments in synovial tissue to be shared by all four patients analyzed. (iii) Nucleotide sequence analysis of the CDR3 regions of a number of TCR V regions in the CD4+CD45RO+ T cell subsets has revealed that the CDR3 regions comprised within synovial tissue derived TCR V regions differed from those found in peripheral blood derived TCR V regions. These differences in CDR3 diversity might be the consequence of a specific interaction with particular MHC-peptide complexes expressed at the site of inflammation. (iv) The CDR3 region analysis also showed individual specific amino acid motifs within the N-D-N regions of all analyzed TCR V beta genes derived from PBMC as well as STMC.
Atorvastatin restricts HIV replication in CD4+ T cells by upregulation of p21 (2015)

The results demonstrate a novel mechanism by which atorvastatin induced resistance of CD4 T cells to HIV-1 infection via p21 upregulation and suggest that statins may hold particular promise for some HIV-infected individuals.
Secure data export and auditing using data diodes (2006)

Data diodes, that is, devices which permit only one-way communication, without even a reverse channel for acknowledgment, have many potential uses within voting systems. A practical design for a data diode is presented that is simpler and more nearly self-evident than previously published designs. Communication protocols appropriate for use in the voting context are described. Throughout, we emphasize designs that permit a relatively naive observer to determine that it meets key security constraints.
Inflammation and Cancer IV. Colorectal cancer in inflammatory bowel disease: the role of inflammation (2004)

Patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are at increased risk for developing colorectal cancer. To date, no known genetic basis has been identified to explain colorectal cancer predisposition in these inflammatory bowel diseases. Instead, it is assumed that chronic inflammation is what causes cancer. This is supported by the fact that colon cancer risk increases with longer duration of colitis, greater anatomic extent of colitis, the concomitant presence of other inflammatory manifestations such as primary sclerosing cholangitis, and the fact that certain drugs used to treat inflammation, such as 5-aminosalicylates and steroids, may prevent the development of colorectal cancer. The major carcinogenic pathways that lead to sporadic colorectal cancer, namely chromosomal instability, microsatellite instability, and hypermethylation, also occur in colitis-associated colorectal cancers. Unlike normal colonic mucosa, however, inflamed colonic mucosa demonstrates abnormalities in these molecular pathways even before any histological evidence of dysplasia or cancer. Whereas the reasons for this are unknown, oxidative stress likely plays a role. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species produced by inflammatory cells can interact with key genes involved in carcinogenic pathways such as p53, DNA mismatch repair genes, and even DNA base excision-repair genes. Other factors such as NF-kappaB and cyclooxygenases may also contribute. Administering agents that cause colitis in healthy rodents or genetically engineered cancer-prone mice accelerates the development of colorectal cancer. Mice genetically prone to inflammatory bowel disease also develop colorectal cancer especially in the presence of bacterial colonization. These observations offer compelling support for the role of inflammation in colon carcinogenesis.
Effects of ibogaine on naloxone‐precipitated withdrawal in morphine‐dependent mice (1992)

In naive mice, ibogaine at a tremorigenic dose (30 mg/kg, ip), did not produce antinociception but did potentiate the antinociceptive potency of morphine in the tail-flick test. In morphine-dependent mice, ibogaine did not eliminate withdrawal symptoms but significantly increased the number of repetitive vertical jumps induced by naloxone, whatever the duration of the chronic morphine treatment. By comparison, repetitive jumping induced by alpha-napthoxyacetic acid (alpha-NOAA), a non-convulsant drug which induced jumping without affecting other morphine-withdrawal signs, was not significantly modified by ibogaine. These results indicate that while acute antinociceptive effects of morphine are modulated by ibogaine, this drug, shown to alleviate opiate dependence in man, does not attenuate in mice opioid withdrawal manifestations.
A conference gateway supporting interoperability between SIP and H.323 (2001)

Increased network bandwidth is making desktop video conferencing an attractive application for an increasing number of computer users. Unfortunately, two competing standards for video conferencing signaling are in use, H.323 and SIP. In this paper we look at the interoperability between these two standards by developing a conferencing gateway that supports conferences involving both SIP and H.323 clients. By appropriately translating between H.323 and SIP operations, our prototype gateway supports basic multi-party video conferencing between NetMeeting (an H.323 client) and VIC (a SIP client) without modifications to the clients. However, our experiments also show that seamless interoperation would require changes to the client implementations and the standards.
Aspartylglycosaminuria in the Finnish population: identification of two point mutations in the heavy chain of glycoasparaginase. (1991)

Aspartylglycosaminuria is an inherited lysosomal storage disease caused by deficiency of glycoasparaginase (EC 3.5.1.26) and occurs with higher frequency among Finns than other populations. We have purified human glycoasparaginase and determined about 90% of the amino acid sequence of its light subunit and greater than 70% of that of its heavy subunit by Edman degradation and mass spectrometry. Additional sequence data were obtained from the cloning and subsequent nucleotide analysis of a cDNA corresponding to the normal human glycoasparaginase gene. The enzyme is encoded by a single mRNA as a single polypeptide that is posttranslationally processed to generate the subunits and is glycosylated. After preparing first-strand cDNA from leukocyte and fibroblast total RNA, we used the polymerase chain reaction to amplify the glycoasparaginase cDNA of eight Finnish aspartylglycosaminuria patients. We demonstrate that the Finnish patients' mRNA sequence differed from the normal sequence by two single-base changes six nucleotides apart from one another in the heavy chain of glycoasparaginase. The first change resulted in the replacement of arginine by glutamine (R161Q), whereas the second change resulted in a cysteine to serine substitution (C163S). Both mutations resulted in novel restriction endonuclease sites and were present in all eight Finnish aspartylglycosaminuria patients originating from different pedigrees, but they were absent from Finnish and non-Finnish controls and a non-Finnish case of aspartylglycosaminuria. These results indicate molecular homogeneity in aspartylglycosaminuria alleles in the Finnish population.
Strain Elastography for Prediction of Breast Cancer Tumor Grades (2013)

The elasticity imaging/B-mode ratio on strain elastography is related to the tumor grade.
Photochromic Properties of [2.2]Paracyclophane-Bridged Imidazole Dimer with Increased Photosensitivity by Introducing Pyrenyl Moiety (2011)

The photochromic [2.2]paracyclophane-bridged imidazole dimers show instantaneous coloration upon exposure to UV light and rapid fading in the dark. A new [2.2]paracyclophane-bridged imidazole dimer, pseudogem-PPI-DPI[2.2]PC, with high photosensitivity to UVA radiation was developed. To enhance the photosensitivity, we introduced pyrenyl moieties to the [2.2]paracyclophane-bridged imidazole dimer. The localized π-π* transition of pyrenyl moieties appears in the UVA radiation region by introducing a pyrenyl moietiy on the 4-position of the imidazole rings. The expansion of the π-electron system also affects the absorption spectrum of the colored species. The broad absorption band of the colored species covers the whole range of visible light region and its absorbance is approximately equal throughout the visible light region. Thus, pseudogem-PPI-DPI[2.2]PC shows the photochromic reaction coloring black upon light irradiation and successive fast thermal bleaching following the monoexponential kinetics with a time constant of 12 ms at room temperature.
Learning and inference in parametric switching linear dynamic systems (2005)

We introduce parametric switching linear dynamic systems (P-SLDS) for learning and interpretation of parametrized motion, i.e., motion that exhibits systematic temporal and spatial variations. Our motivating example is the honeybee dance: bees communicate the orientation and distance to food sources through the dance angles and waggle lengths of their stylized dances. Switching linear dynamic systems (SLDS) are a compelling way to model such complex motions. However, SLDS does not provide a means to quantify systematic variations in the motion. Previously, Wilson & Bobick (1999) presented parametric HMMs, an extension to HMMs with which they successfully interpreted human gestures. Inspired by their work, we similarly extend the standard SLDS model to obtain parametric SLDS. We introduce additional global parameters that represent systematic variations in the motion, and present general expectation-maximization (EM) methods for learning and inference. In the learning phase, P-SLDS learns canonical SLDS model from data. In the inference phase, P-SLDS simultaneously quantifies the global parameters and labels the data. We apply these methods to the automatic interpretation of honey-bee dances, and present both qualitative and quantitative experimental results on actual bee-tracks collected from noisy video data.
Microcellular Polymers: Novel Materials for the 21st Century (1993)

Microcellular polymer's produced by gas nucleation, refer to closed cell thermoplastic foams with a very large number of very small cells—typically 10 8 or more cells per cm 3 of order 10μm in diameter. First produced in the early 1980's with the objective of reducing the amount of polymer used in mass produced items, these novel materials have the potential to revolutionize the way thermoplastic polymers are used today. Microcellular plastics have been produced from a number of polymers ranging in relative density from 0.1 to 1.0, containing 10 8 to 10 11 cells per cm 3 , offering the engineer a new range of properties for design. The microcellular polymers appear to possess improved fatigue life and energy absorption characteristics as well as a higher specific strength. This paper reviews recent progress in this emerging technology and discusses the areas where this technology is likely to make an impact in the future.