gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Micrometer-scale integrated silicon source of time-energy entangled photons (2015)

Entanglement is a fundamental resource in quantum information processing. Several studies have explored the integration of sources of entangled states on a silicon chip, but the devices demonstrated so far require millimeter lengths and pump powers of the order of hundreds of milliwatts to produce an appreciable photon flux, hindering their scalability and dense integration. Microring resonators have been shown to be efficient sources of photon pairs, but entangled state emission has never been proven in these devices. Here we report the first demonstration, to the best of our knowledge, of a microring resonator capable of emitting time-energy entangled photons. We use a Franson experiment to show a violation of Bell’s inequality by more than seven standard deviations with an internal pair generation exceeding 107 Hz. The source is integrated on a silicon chip, operates at milliwatt and submilliwatt pump power, emits in the telecom band, and outputs into a photonic waveguide. These are all essential features of an entangled state emitter for a quantum photonic network.
Developmental expression of BMP4/ALK3/SMAD5 signaling pathway in the mouse testis: a potential role of BMP4 in spermatogonia differentiation (2003)

It is well established that the c-kit gene plays an essential role in the proliferation of differentiating spermatogonia in prepuberal mice. However, the mechanisms that regulate the onset of spermatogenesis, i.e. differentiation of spermatogonial stem cells and c-kit expression, are poorly understood. Here we identify a novel signal transduction system in mouse prepuberal testis regulating this developmental event, involving bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) and its transduction machinery. BMP4 is produced by Sertoli cells very early in the postnatal life and is successively down regulated in peri-puberal Sertoli cells. Its receptor Alk3 and the R-Smad Smad5 are specifically expressed both in proliferating primordial germ cells and in postnatal spermatogonia. BMP4 stimulation of cultured spermatogonia induces Smad4/5 nuclear translocation and the formation of a DNA-binding complex with the transcriptional coactivator p300/CBP. In vitro exposure of undifferentiated spermatogonia to BMP4 exerts both mitogenic and differentiative effects, inducing [3H]thymidine incorporation and Kit expression. As a result of the latter event, Kit-negative spermatogonia acquire sensitivity to Stem Cell Factor.
MiRror: a combinatorial analysis web tool for ensembles of microRNAs and their targets (2010)

http://www.proto.cs.huji.ac.il/mirror
Collection of Leukocytes, Fibroblasts, and Collagen Within an Implantable Reservoir Tube During Tissue Repair (1987)

An implantable chamber consisting of a small reservoir and a perforated segment of silicone tubing has been developed for the collection of leukocytes, fibroblasts, and collagen to analyze inflammatory components and fibroplasia during tissue repair. Using aseptic techniques, these sterile chambers were placed into subcutaneous pockets on the backs of Sprague-Dawley rats with cells obtained in daily aspirates for 14 d. Differential cell counts were made by using aliquots from the wound fluid. The aspirated cells represented the characteristic, sequential influx of neutrophils, inflammatory macrophages, lymphocytes, activated macrophages, and fibroblasts documented in other models of tissue repair. On d 14, the connective tissue within the lumen of the silicone tube was removed and analyzed for collagen synthesis by measuring 3H-proline incorporation into collagenase-sensitive protein. This new device for studying wound healing provides a convenient means to harvest cells, fluid, and tissue for cellular, humoral, and biochemical analyses of tissue repair.
Spatial distribution of Escherichia coli in the mouse large intestine inferred from rRNA in situ hybridization (1994)

Fluorescent oligonucleotide probes targeting rRNA were used to develop an in situ hybridization technique by which the spatial distribution of Escherichia coli in the large intestines of streptomycin-treated mice was determined. Single E. coli cells were identified in thin frozen sections from the large intestines by the use of a probe specific for E. coli 23S rRNA. Furthermore, the total bacterial population was visualized with an rRNA probe targeting the domain Bacteria. By this technique, all E. coli cells were seen embedded in the mucosal material overlying the epithelial cells of the large intestine, and no direct attachment to the epithelium was observed.
Aqueous Dispersions of Single-wall and Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes with Designed Amphiphilic Polycations (2005)

Poor solubility of single-walled and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (NTs) in water and organic solvents presents a considerable challenge for their purification and applications. Macromolecules can be convenient solubilizing agents for NTs and a structural element of composite materials for them. Several block copolymers with different chemical functionalities of the side groups were tested for the preparation of aqueous NT dispersions. Poly(N-cetyl-4-vinylpyridinium bromide-co-N-ethyl-4-vinylpyridinium bromide-co-4-vinylpyridine) was found to form exceptionally stable NT dispersions. It is suggested that the efficiency of macromolecular dispersion agents for NT solubilization correlates with the topological and electronic similarity of polymer-NT and NT-NT interactions in the nanotube bundles. Raman spectroscopy and atomic force and transmission electron microcopies data indicate that the polycations are wrapped around NTs forming a uniform coating 1.0-1.5 nm thick. The ability to wind around the NT originates in the hydrophobic attraction of the polymer backbone to the graphene surface and topological matching. Tetraalkylammonium functional groups in the side chains of the macromolecule create a cloud of positive charge around NTs, which makes them hydrophilic. The prepared dispersions could facilitate the processing of the nanotubes into composites with high nanotube loading for electronic materials and sensing. Positive charge on their surface is particularly important for biological and biomedical applications because it strengthens interactions with negatively charged cell membranes. A high degree of spontaneous bundle separation afforded by the polymer coating can also be beneficial for NT sorting.
Protective effect of a polyherbal preparation, Brahma rasayana against tumor growth and lung metastasis in rat prostate model system. (2004)

Rasayanas are a group of herbal formulations and are used to improve health of the body. Recent studies have demonstrated the immunostimulatory and antioxidant activities of some of these rasayanas and their usefulness in tumor regression. The objective of the study is to evaluate Brahma rasayana for the inhibition of tumor development and prevention of metastasis in vivo using Copenhagen rats and MAT-LyLu cell model system. Copenhagen rats injected with MAT-LyLu cells were treated with Brahma rasayana once daily. This treatment was followed from the second day of cell inoculation until the end of the experiment. The study comprises a comparison of survival time, body weight, tumor incidence, tumor size, tumor weight, histopathological examination of the lung metastasis and serum testosterone levels between rasayana treated and control animals. Brahma rasayana treatment resulted in a 25-37% decrease in palpable tumor incidence, a delay of 1-2 weeks in the tumor occurrence, lower mean tumor volumes, by as much as 14-35% and significant reduction in tumor weight and lung metastasis in comparison to untreated controls. The Ayurvedic poly herbal preparation, Brahma rasayana may play a beneficial role in preventing tumor incidence, tumor growth and metastatic spread. These are inexpensive preparations that have little or no adverse side effects with a potential as lead chemopreventive compounds and which might prove useful for the treatment of disorders such as human prostate cancer.
Electrochemical Studies of Sodium Chloride as a Lewis Buffer for Room Temperature Chloroaluminate Molten Salts (1990)

The reaction of equal molar quantities of 1‐methyl‐3‐ethylimidazolium chloride (MEICl) with results in the formation of a conductive ambient‐temperature ionic liquid that, when investigated voltammetrically, exhibits 4.4V of electroinactivity between the reduction of MEI+ and the oxidation of . When unequal quantities of these reagents are used, however, the resulting melt has a much narrower electrochemical window due either to the formation of the acid (which reduces to Al at potentials that are nearly 2.0V positive of MEI+ reduction) or the base Cl− (which oxidizes to at potentials that are 1.5V negative of oxidation). In this paper we investigate those equilibrium processes that control the chloroacidity in these ionic liquids. Specifically, we show that they undergo an acid exchange reaction
Optical autodyne detection: theory and experiment (1987)

Optical autodyne detection is a direct detection procedure for measuring relative Doppler frequency shifts using a laser transceiver. A theoretical study of the carrier-to-noise ratio and signal-to-noise ratio for an autodyne transceiver is presented. Experimental results, obtained with a cw autodyne transceiver, are reported. The relative merits of optical autodyne vs optical heterodyne detection are discussed.
The Secret of Canadian Banking: Common Sense? (2009)

This article looks at the basic reasons why the Canadian banking system was recently judged by the World Economic Forum to be the soundest in the world. It does so by first examining the basic functions of a financial system and what Canadian banks are allowed to do as intermediaries within that system. It then considers the market structure of Canadian banking and the role of the Canadian government in regulating the financial system. It finishes with a discussion of the four basic management areas of any financial institution: liquidity management, asset management, liability management and capital management. On all dimensions the Canadian banks seem to be conservatively managed, well regulated and operating in a benign economic environment without obvious systemic risks, mainly due to the absence of a competing â€˜parallel' intermediation system as exists in the United States.
Complement Activation and Kidney Injury Molecule-1–Associated Proximal Tubule Injury in Severe Preeclampsia (2014)

Kidney injury with proteinuria is a characteristic feature of preeclampsia, yet the nature of injury in specific regions of the nephron is incompletely understood. Our study aimed to use existing urinary biomarkers to describe the pattern of kidney injury and proteinuria in pregnancies affected by severe preeclampsia. We performed a case-control study of pregnant women from Brigham and Women's Hospital from 2012 to 2013. We matched cases of severe preeclampsia (n=25) 1:1 by parity and gestational age to 2 control groups with and without chronic hypertension. Urinary levels of kidney injury molecule-1 and complement components (C3a, C5a, and C5b-9) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and other markers (albumin, β2 microglobulin, cystatin C, epithelial growth factor, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, osteopontin, and uromodulin) were measured simultaneously with a multiplex electrochemiluminescence assay. Median values between groups were compared with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and correlations with Spearman correlation coefficient. Analysis of urinary markers revealed higher excretion of albumin and kidney injury molecule-1 and lower excretion of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and epithelial growth factor in severe preeclampsia compared with chronic hypertension and healthy controls. Among subjects with severe preeclampsia, urinary excretion of complement activation products correlated most closely with kidney injury molecule-1, a specific marker of proximal tubule injury (C5a: r=0.60; P=0.001; and C5b-9: r=0.75; P<0.0001). Taken together, we describe a pattern of kidney injury in severe preeclampsia that is characterized by glomerular impairment and complement-mediated inflammation and injury, possibly localized to the proximal tubule in association with kidney injury molecule-1.
Challenges for Immunotherapy in Multiple Myeloma: Bone Marrow Microenvironment-Mediated Immune Suppression and Immune Resistance (2020)

The power of immunotherapy in the battle of Multiple Myeloma (MM) started with allogeneic stem cell transplantation, and was rediscovered with immunomodulatory drugs and extended with the outstanding results achieved with targeted antibodies. Today, next to powerful antibodies Elotuzumab and Daratumumab, several T-cell-based immunotherapeutic approaches, such as bispecific antibodies and chimeric antigen receptor-transduced T-cells (CAR T-cells) are making their successful entry in the immunotherapy arena with highly promising results in clinical trials. Nonetheless, similar to what is observed in chemotherapy, MM appears capable to escape from immunotherapy, especially through tight interactions with the cells of the bone marrow microenvironment (BM-ME). This review will outline our current understanding on how BM-ME protects MM-cells from immunotherapy through immunosuppression and through induction of intrinsic resistance against cytotoxic effector mechanisms of T- and NK-cells.
The Efficacy of Propofol vs. Subcutaneous Sumatriptan for Treatment of Acute Migraine Headaches in the Emergency Department: A Double‐Blinded Clinical Trial (2014)

Propofol is equally suitable as sumatriptan for the acute treatment of migraine headaches in an emergency department setting. Moreover, the use of propofol avoids some of the adverse side effects of sumatriptan while providing better control of nausea and vomiting.
Fuzzy Spectral and Spatial Feature Integration for Classification of Nonferrous Materials in Hyperspectral Data (2009)

Hyperspectral data allows the construction of more elaborate models to sample the properties of the nonferrous materials than the standard RGB color representation. In this paper, the nonferrous waste materials are studied as they cannot be sorted by classical procedures due to their color, weight and shape similarities. The experimental results presented in this paper reveal that factors such as the various levels of oxidization of the waste materials and the slight differences in their chemical composition preclude the use of the spectral features in a simplistic manner for robust material classification. To address these problems, the proposed FUSSER (fuzzy spectral and spatial classifier) algorithm detailed in this paper merges the spectral and spatial features to obtain a combined feature vector that is able to better sample the properties of the nonferrous materials than the single pixel spectral features when applied to the construction of multivariate Gaussian distributions. This approach allows the implementation of statistical region merging techniques in order to increase the performance of the classification process. To achieve an efficient implementation, the dimensionality of the hyperspectral data is reduced by constructing bio-inspired spectral fuzzy sets that minimize the amount of redundant information contained in adjacent hyperspectral bands. The experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm increased the overall classification rate from 44% using RGB data up to 98% when the spectral-spatial features are used for nonferrous material classification.
A Laboratory Investigation of Enhanced Recovery of Methane from Coal by Carbon Dioxide Injection (1980)

Abstract An experimental procedure for determining the effectiveness of CO2 injection into methane-containing coal samples for the purpose of enhancing methane production is described. Experimental results on both dry and water saturated samples reveal that CO2 injection greatly enhances both production rate and recovery efficiency. Most effective is a cyclic CO2 injection-gas production technique which recovered essentially all of the adsorbed methane in the 3½″ core samples used in the experiments.
A radial line slot antenna for 12 GHz satellite TV reception (1985)

The analysis and design of novel planar antennas which can radiate circularly polarized pencil beams in <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</tex> -band are presented for the application of receiving direct broadcast from a satellite (DBS). This antenna belongs to a class of slotted waveguide antennas and high efficiency is expected in principle. A circular two-dimensional aperture is located on the top plate of a twofold radial waveguide and is excited by a radially inward traveling transverse electromagnetic (TEM) mode in the upper waveguide. Slots are arrayed on the aperture spirally in such a way that they can couple with the radial currents flowing over the aperture plate to produce a circularly polarized broadside beam. Promising performances of the antenna are predicted theoretically. Experiments are performed with respect to basic characteristics of the antenna and they show the validity of the design and analysis.
Estrogen receptor‐positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2‐negative breast tumors (2013)

When patients responded to NAC, the majority of ER-positive/HER2 negative tumors exhibited partial tumor shrinkage; and the PET parameters that combined volume and activity measurements, such as TLG, offered better accuracy for early prediction than the SUV(max). Negative progesterone receptor status and luminal B subtype had weaker predictive power than PET-derived parameters.
The Role of Coenzyme Q 10 in Clinical Medicine: Part I (1996)

This review discusses the potential role of coenzyme Q10 in the treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), cancer, periodontal disease, gastric ulceration, obesity, muscular dystrophy, and allergy. The effect of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on immune function and physical performance is also reviewed. Controlled trials have demonstrated a beneficial effect of CoQ10 in the treatment of periodontal disease. Promising (although anecdotal) clinical results have been reported for cases of cancer, AIDS, and muscular dystrophy. CoQ10 is of theoretical value as a treatment for gastric ulceration and allergies; however, CoQ10 treatment of these conditions has not been tested in humans. There is limited evidence that CoQ10 may enhance immune function and improve physical performance in certain circumstances. The value of CoQ10 as a treatment for obesity remains speculative. (Alt Med Rev 1996;1:11-17.) Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a compound found naturally in the human body. Because of its ubiquitous presence in nature and its quinone structure (similar to that of vitamin K), CoQ10 is
Multimodal integration-a statistical view (1999)

We present a statistical approach to developing multimodal recognition systems and, in particular, to integrating the posterior probabilities of parallel input signals involved in the multimodal system. We first identify the primary factors that influence multimodal recognition performance by evaluating the multimodal recognition probabilities. We then develop two techniques, an estimate approach and a learning approach, which are designed to optimize accurate recognition during the multimodal integration process. We evaluate these methods using Quickset, a speech/gesture multimodal system, and report evaluation results based on an empirical corpus collected with Quickset. From an architectural perspective, the integration technique presented offers enhanced robustness. It also is premised on more realistic assumptions than previous multimodal systems using semantic fusion. From a methodological standpoint, the evaluation techniques that we describe provide a valuable tool for evaluating multimodal systems.
Superior <i>In vivo</i> Efficacy of Afucosylated Trastuzumab in the Treatment of HER2-Amplified Breast Cancer (2010)

The enhancement of immune effector functions has been proposed as a potential strategy for increasing the efficacy of therapeutic antibodies. Here, we show that removing fucose from trastuzumab (Herceptin) increased its binding to FcgammaRIIIa, enhanced antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and more than doubled the median progression-free survival when compared with conventional trastuzumab in treating preclinical models of HER2-amplified breast cancer. Our results show that afucosylated trastuzumab has superior efficacy in treating in vivo models of HER2-amplified breast cancer and support the development of effector function-enhanced antibodies for solid tumor therapy.
Pharmacologic Induction of Posterior Vitreous Detachment in the Rabbit (1993)

Plasmin may prove to be a useful biochemical adjunct to mechanical vitrectomy.
On-Chip ESD Protection Device for High-Speed I/O Applications in CMOS Technology (2017)

The diode operated under forward-biased condition has been widely used as an on-chip electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection device for high-speed circuits to sustain high ESD robustness, but the parasitic capacitance of diode may bring a negative impact to the circuits operating at higher speed. The ESD protection design with low parasitic capacitance has been strongly requested in high-speed I/O applications. The traditional methods to reduce parasitic capacitance were using a stacked diode or a stacked diode with embedded silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR). The stacked diode or the stacked diode with embedded SCR would have larger turn-on resistance to cause a higher clamping voltage. It should be further improved to achieve good ESD protection effectiveness for the high-speed I/O applications. In this paper, a new ESD protection device with reduced parasitic capacitance and smaller turn-on resistance to improve ESD protection effectiveness is proposed. The measurement results from the silicon chip have demonstrated that the proposed ESD device can achieve smaller parasitic capacitance, lower turn-on resistance, and higher ESD robustness, compared with the conventional devices. The proposed ESD protection device is very suitable to protect the high-speed I/O circuits in nanoscale CMOS technology.
Ronchi Test of Aspherical Surfaces, Analysis, and Accuracy (1970)

The test of a mirror by the Ronchi method has shown to be very useful for testing concave aspherical mirrors. The analysis of a Ronchi pattern in order to find the experimental deviations of a given mirror whose theoretical shape is known, and the accuracy that can be obtained are described here.
Chronic Pain in the Elderly (1998)

Pain in the elderly has only recently begun to receive special attention. Surveys indicate that the majority of elderly experience chronic pain, although the relationship of age to the prevalence of pain is not entirely clear. Pain perception is a complex phenomenon. Age affects individuals' response to the perception of pain and response to pain relieving measures. The literature also indicates that the elderly may cope differently with pain. Elderly individuals tend to under-report pain. Assessment for pain should form a part of all assessments of elderly clients. Strategies for assessment and treatment are suggested.