gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microvascular function and rheologic changes in hyperdynamic sepsis (1995)

Objective To investigate the rheologic changes and circulatory abnormalities at the microvascular level during severe sepsis. Design Prospective, controlled trial. Setting Medical and surgical intensive care units of a university-affiliated hospital. Patients Nine normal controls and eight adult patients with severe sepsis who met the study entrance criteria. Interventions Forearm blood flow was measured at rest and during reactive hyperemia by air plethysmography. Simultaneous hemodynamic measurements and blood samples for rheologic measurements were taken. Measurements and Main Results Red blood cell deformability index was determined using a simple filtration procedure. Leukocyte aggregation in whole human blood was detected by using a leukergy test. Expression of the neutrophil adhesion molecule CD11b/CD18 was measured using a monoclonal antibody and flow cytometry. All data were taken within 24 hrs of the patient meeting criteria for entrance into the study. Cardiac output, oxygen delivery, and oxygen consumption measurements were consistent with the hyperdynamic phase of severe sepsis. Forearm blood flow was significantly (p < .05) greater in septic patients (21 +/- 3 mL/min) than in controls (12 +/- 2 mL/min). Forearm blood flow during reactive hyperemia increased three-fold in the controls from 12 +/- 2 to 36 +/- 5 mL/min (p < .05), while in the septic patients, forearm blood flow during reactive hyperemia increased from 21 +/- 3 to 32 +/- 4 mL/min. The ratio of forearm blood flow during reactive hyperemia to forearm blood flow at rest was 3.2 +/- 0.1 in the controls and 1.6 +/- 0.1 in the septic patients (p < .01). The red blood cell deformability index in whole blood was significantly (p < .01) decreased in the septic patients compared with the control subjects (0.41 +/- 0.07 vs. 0.98 +/- 0.08 mL/min). This difference remained true when the hematocrit was adjusted to 45% (0.82 +/- 0.06 vs. 1.04 +/- 0.06 mL/min; p < .05). Increased expression of the neutrophil adhesion molecule CD11b/CD18 was observed in septic patients (349 +/- 46 logarithmic fluorescence units) as compared with control subjects (233 +/- 26 logarithmic fluorescence units; p < .05). Leukergy was also significantly (p < .05) increased in septic patients (17.7 +/- 3.8%) as compared with control subjects (8.9 +/- 1.6%). A significant correlation was observed between leukergy and the expression of the neutrophil adhesion molecule CD11b/CD18 in controls and septic patients (r sup 2 = .62; p < .01). Leukergy was also inversely correlated with whole blood red blood cell deformability index (r2 = .28; p < .05). Conclusions Reactive hyperemia in the forearm is significantly diminished in patients with sepsis, suggesting impaired microvascular blood flow. Rheologic changes, including impaired red blood cell deformability, increased leukocyte aggregation, and endothelial adherence, may contribute to this abnormality by compromising effective capillary cross-sectional area. (Crit Care Med 1995; 23:265-271)
Chromosomal Instability in Streptomyces glaucescens: Mapping of Streptomycin-sensitive Mutants (1983)

Streptomyces glaucescens strain GLAO (=ETH 22794) produces hydroxystreptomycin and has a high natural resistance to hydroxystreptomycin, dihydrostreptomycin and streptomycin. The wild-type strain gives rise spontaneously to streptomycin-sensitive (StrS-) variants at a frequency of 0 . 2 to 1 . 4%. These mutants lack streptomycin phosphotransferase activity responsible for the wild-type resistance to streptomycin group antibiotics and are unable to produce detectable amounts of hydroxystreptomycin. Mapping experiments showed that the strS marker lies between the chromosomal markers lys-2 and ura-3 on the linkage map of S. glaucescens. The molecular basis for instability of this marker is as yet unknown.
CHANGE DETECTION ON POINTS CLOUD DATA ACQUIRED W ITH A GROUND LASER SCANNER (2005)

Ground bas ed l as er s c anning is now wel l s ettl ed in the f iel ds of c ul tural heritage, as -buil t model l ing and monitoring appl ic ations . W e intend to us e l as er s c anning to detec t c hanges on buil ding s ites or ins ide f ac il ities , mainl y f or monitoring purpos es but al s o to be abl e to provide s ynthetic inf ormation in c as e of an emergenc y. I n both c as es , the main c ons traint is time. A minimum prec is ion on the meas ure of movements is al s o required, depending on the type of appl ic ation. Las er s c anner s eems to be the perf ec t tool f or s uc h appl ic ations as it quic kl y ac quires a l arge amount of ac c urate 3D data. But the c omparis on of s o huge datas ets impl ies the us e of appropriate s truc tures and ad-hoc al gorithms . A s pec if ic oc tree s truc ture is des c ribed, and then s everal s impl e c l oud-to-c l oud c omparis on tec hniques are pres ented. The bes t one, bas ed on the Haus dorf f dis tanc e c omputation is improved on various points . Al s o, as a f ul l automatic proc es s s eems s til l unac hievabl e, a s of tware f ramework has been devel oped. I t intends to minimiz e human intervention and theref ore prevents f rom was ting the LiDAR s peed in time-c ons uming pos t-proc es s ing operations .
Mechanism of the Cyclopropenone Decarbonylation Reaction. A Density Functional Theory and Transient Spectroscopy Study (2006)

The density functional theory analysis predicts that the thermal decarbonylation of cyclopropenones proceeds by the sequential and regioselective cleavage of both single bonds in a three-membered ring. The initial ring-opening process results in the formation of a reactive zwitterionic intermediate 6, which is separated from the free alkyne and carbon monoxide by a very low energy barrier. Femtosecond pump-probe transient absorption spectroscopy experiments showed that light-induced decarbonylation is also a stepwise process but apparently proceeds on the excited-state surface. The lifetime of the intermediate in the photodecarbonylation reaction is very short and is dependent on substitution and solvent polarity. Thus, bis-p-anisyl-substituted species decays with tau = 0.6 ps, bis-alpha-naphthyl-substituted intermediate has a lifetime of tau = 11 ps, while the bis(2-methoxy-1-naphthyl)-substituted analogue survives for 83 ps in chloroform and for 168 ps in argon-saturated methanol. The loss of carbon monoxide from these intermediates results in the formation of corresponding acetylenes in an electronically ground state. The addition of triplet quenchers does not affect the dynamics or outcome of the reaction.
Quinone Methides as Alkylating and Cross-Linking Agents (2004)

Quinone methides (QMs) are reactive intermediates involved in a large number of chemical and biological processes such as enzyme inhibition, DNA alkylation and cross-linking. Their electrophilicity towards amines, thiols, water, amino acids and peptides has been kinetically measured in aqueous solution. The alkylation process is often thermally and photochemically reversible and the resulting adducts may act as QM carriers. Keywords: quinone methide electrophilicity, dna alkylation and enzyme inhibition
Binding of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA to recombinant HIV-1 gag polyprotein (1991)

We have expressed the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gag polyprotein (Pr55gag) in bacteria under the control of the T7 phage gene 10 promoter. When the gene encoding the viral protease is included in cis, in the -1 reading frame, the expected proteolytic cleavage products MA and CA are produced. Disruption of the protease-coding sequence prevents proteolytic processing, and full-length polyprotein is produced. Pr55gag, separated from bacterial proteins by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and immobilized on nitrocellulose membranes, binds RNA containing sequences from the 5' end of the HIV-1 genome. This binding is tolerant of a wide range of pH and temperature but has distinct salt preferences. Conditions were identified which prevented nonspecific binding of RNA to bacterial proteins but still allowed binding to Pr55gag. Under these conditions, irrelevant RNA probes lacking HIV-1 sequences bound Pr55gag less efficiently. Quantitation of binding to Pr55gag by HIV-1 RNA probes with deletions mutations demonstrated that there are two regions lying within the HIV-1 gag gene which independently promote binding of RNA to Pr55gag.
Posttranslational modification of proteins by isoprenoids in mammalian cells (1990)

Isoprenylation is a posttranslational modification that involves the formation of thioether bonds between cysteine and isoprenyl groups derived from pyrophosphate intermediates of the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway. Numerous isoprenylated proteins have been detected in mammalian cells. Those identified include K-, N-, and H-p21ras, ras-related GTP-binding proteins such as G25K (Gp), nuclear lamin B and prelamin A, and the gamma subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins. The modified cysteine is located in the fourth position from the carboxyl terminus in every protein where this has been studied. For p21ras, the last three amino acids are subsequently removed and the exposed cysteine is carboxylmethylated. Similar processing events may occur in lamin B and G protein gamma subunits, but the proteolytic cleavage in prelamin A occurs upstream from the modified cysteine. Lamin B and p21ras are modified by C15 farnesyl groups, whereas other proteins such as the G protein gamma subunits are modified by C20 geranylgeranyl chains. Separate enzymes may catalyze these modifications. The structural features that govern the ability of particular proteins to serve as substrates for isoprenylation by C15 or C20 groups are not completely defined, but studies of the p21ras modification using purified farnesyl:protein transferase suggest that the sequence of the carboxyl-terminal tetrapeptide is important. Isoprenylation plays a critical role in promoting the association of p21ras and the lamins with the cell membrane and nuclear envelope, respectively. Future studies of the role of isoprenylation in the localization and function of ras-related GTP-binding proteins and signal-transducing G proteins should provide valuable new insight into the link between isoprenoid biosynthesis and cell growth.
That's What She Said: Double Entendre Identification (2011)

Humor identification is a hard natural lan-guage understanding problem. We identify a subproblem — the “that’s what she said” problem — with two distinguishing character-istics: (1) use of nouns that are euphemisms for sexually explicit nouns and (2) structure common in the erotic domain. We address this problem in a classification approach that includes features that model those two char-acteristics. Experiments on web data demon-strate that our approach improves precision by 12 % over baseline techniques that use only word-based features. 1
A Common Regulator for the Operons Encoding the Enzymes Involved in <scp>d</scp> -Galactarate, <scp>d</scp> -Glucarate, and <scp>d</scp> -Glycerate Utilization in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2000)

Genes for D-galactarate (gar) and D-glucarate (gud) metabolism in Escherichia coli are organized in three transcriptional units: garD, garPLRK, and gudPD. Two observations suggested a common regulator for the three operons. (i) Their expression was triggered by D-galactarate, D-glucarate, and D-glycerate. (ii) Metabolism of the three compounds was impaired by a single Tn5 insertion mapped in the yaeG gene (proposed name, sdaR), outside the D-galactarate and D-glucarate systems. Expression of the sdaR gene is autogenously regulated.
A Soluble Activin Receptor Type IIB Prevents the Effects of Androgen Deprivation on Body Composition and Bone Health (2010)

Androgen deprivation, a consequence of hypogonadism, certain cancer treatments, or normal aging in men, leads to loss of muscle mass, increased adiposity, and osteoporosis. In the present study, using a soluble chimeric form of activin receptor type IIB (ActRIIB) we sought to offset the adverse effects of androgen deprivation on muscle, adipose tissue, and bone. Castrated (ORX) or sham-operated (SHAM) mice received either TBS [vehicle-treated (VEH)] or systemic administration of ActRIIB-mFc, a soluble fusion protein comprised of a form of the extracellular domain of ActRIIB fused to a murine IgG2aFc subunit. In vivo body composition imaging demonstrated that ActRIIB-mFc treatment results in increased lean tissue mass of 23% in SHAM mice [19.02 +/- 0.42 g (VEH) versus 23.43 +/- 0.35 g (ActRIIB-mFc), P < 0.00001] and 26% in ORX mice [15.59 +/- 0.26 g (VEH) versus 19.78 +/- 0.26 g (ActRIIB-mFc), P < 0.00001]. Treatment also caused a decrease in adiposity of 30% in SHAM mice [5.03 +/- 0.48 g (VEH) versus 3.53 +/- 0.19 g (ActRIIB-mFc), NS] and 36% in ORX mice [7.12 +/- 0.53 g (VEH) versus 4.57 +/- 0.28 g (ActRIIB-mFc), P < 0.001]. These changes were also accompanied by altered serum levels of leptin, adiponectin, and insulin, as well as by prevention of steatosis (fatty liver) in ActRIIB-mFc-treated ORX mice. Finally, ActRIIB-mFc prevented loss of bone mass in ORX mice as assessed by whole body dual x-ray absorptiometry and micro-computed tomography of proximal tibias. The data demonstrate that treatment with ActRIIB-mFc restored muscle mass, adiposity, and bone quality to normal levels in a mouse model of androgen deprivation, thereby alleviating multiple adverse consequences of such therapy.
Open/folded bit-line arrangement for ultra-high-density DRAM's (1994)

An open/folded bit-line (BL) arrangement for scaled DRAM's is proposed. This BL arrangement offers small die size and good array noise immunity. In this arrangement, one BL of an open BL pair is placed in between a folded BL pair, and the sense amplifiers (SA's) for open BL's and those for folded BL's are placed alternately between the memory arrays. This arrangement features a small 6F/sup 2/ memory cell, where F is the device feature size, and a relaxed SA pitch of 6F. The die size of a 64-Mb DRAM can be reduced to 81.6% compared with the one using the conventional folded BL arrangement. The BL-BL coupling noise is reduced to one-half of that of the conventional folded BL arrangement, thanks to the shield effect. Two new circuit techniques, 1) a multiplexer for connecting BL's to SA's, and 2) a binary-to-ternary code converter for the multiplexer have been developed to realize the new BL arrangement.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Vessel Patency Following Nonsuture Anastomosis With Intravascular Rings (1965)

ANONSUTURE method of vascular anastomosis using thrombus-resistant intravascular rings was reported previously.<sup>1</sup>This method of vascular anastomosis permits very rapid reestablishment of blood flow and has been found to be particularly useful in experimental cardiac transplantation. The present study reports vessel patency rates after intravascular ring anastomoses of both arteries and veins of various size in the dog. <h3>Materials and Methods</h3> Both single and coupled rings with internal diameters of 4, 7, 8, 10, and 13 mm were constructed of polycarbonate (Fig 1). The rings were coated with graphite by dipping in a Dag 154 colloidal graphite solution diluted with two parts 95% ethanol and one part benzene. This solution contains suitable hydrocarbon solvents and plastic binders to produce an adequate graphite coating on polycarbonate for the purposes of this study. The solvents were driven from the surface by heat (130F for 48 hr). The graphite-coated rings were then
Kaposiʼs sarcoma (1996)

From the UCLA Clinical AIDS Research and Education Center, Center for Health Sciences, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Touch pointer: rethink point-and-click for accurate indirect touch interactions on small touchscreens (2014)

The increasing video resolution of handheld devices such as smartphones makes it harder for users to accurately touch a tiny item on a small touchscreen without conducting pinch-to-zoom and correction actions. To deal with this problem, an offset-free point-and-click mechanism is proposed in this paper. The touch pointer implemented in dual layers allows the user to accurately touch tiny items and perform additional actions such as scrolling, zooming, and copy-and-paste. The user study shows that the touch pointer is accurate and also eminently usable on small touchscreens.
BRIX &amp;#x2014; An easy-to-use modular sensor and actuator prototyping toolkit (2012)

In this paper we present BRIX, a novel modular hardware prototyping platform for applications in mobile, wearable and stationary sensing, data streaming and feedback. The system consists of three different types of compact stack-able modules, which can adapt to various applications and scenarios. The core of BRIX is a base module that contains basic motion sensors, a processor and a wireless interface. A battery module provides power for the system and makes it a mobile device. Different types of extension modules can be stacked onto the base module to extend its scope of functions by sensors, actuators and interactive elements. BRIX allows a very intuitive, inexpensive and expeditious prototyping that does not require knowledge in electronics or hardware design. In an example application, we demonstrate how BRIX can be used to track human body movements.
DNA Sequencing by Hybridization Using Semi-Degenerate Bases (2004)

One way to enhance the performance of hybridization microarrrays for DNA de novo sequencing is the use of probing patterns with gaps of unsampled positions. Ideally, such gaps could be realized by the inclusion into microarray oligos (probes) of wild-card compounds, referred to as universal bases (which bind nonspecifically to natural bases). The suggested alternative is to deploy in the gap positions degenerate bases, i.e., uniform mixtures of the four natural bases, with ensuing deterioration of the hybridization signal. In this paper, we show that such signal loss is a minor shortcoming, compared with the fact that degenerate bases cannot be treated as universal. Indeed, the substantial spread of hybridization energies at any microarray feature is such that on overwhelming number of mismatches bind more strongly than legal matches. We observed, however, that much narrower energy spreads are exhibited by pairs of bases in the same strength class (A-T and C-G). We call semi-degenerate a gap position realized with bases in the same energy class and show that well-known sequence reconstruction algorithms can be modified to achieve substantial improvements in sequencing effectiveness. For example, with a 4(9)-feature microarray and an acceptable weakening of the hybridization signal, one may achieve lengths of about 4,000 bases (compared with < 250 of the standard uniform method). Our approach also incorporates the use of a spectrum expressed in terms of observed feature melting temperatures (analog spectrum), rather than binary decisions made directly at the biochemical level (digital spectrum). While universal bases represent the ultimate goal of sequencing by hybridization, semidegenerate natural bases are the most effective known substitute.
[Characterization of irradiation levels of the population in the controlled areas 4 years after the Chernobyl AES accident]. (1991)

Based on a summary of the radiation and hygienic control data, the authors suggest empiric mathematic models depicting the dynamics of the formation of external and internal radiation doses within the first 4 years after the Chernobyl NPP accident. It has been established that in the areas of rigid control, the mean radiation dose amounted, within the period indicated, to 3.5 kev, that due to external radiation to 2.67 kev; the collective dose for 273,00 population living in those areas constituted 9.6 kev.
Human NKT Cells Mediate Antitumor Cytotoxicity Directly by Recognizing Target Cell CD1d with Bound Ligand or Indirectly by Producing IL-2 to Activate NK Cells (2001)

alpha-Galactosylceramide (alphaGalCer) stimulates NKT cells and has antitumor activity in mice. Murine NKT cells may directly kill tumor cells and induce NK cell cytotoxicity, but the mechanisms are not well defined. Newly developed human CD1d/alphaGalCer tetrameric complexes were used to obtain highly purified human alphaGalCer-reactive NKT cell lines (>99%), and the mechanisms of NKT cell cytotoxicity and activation of NK cells were investigated. Human NKT cells were cytotoxic against CD1d(-) neuroblastoma cells only when they were rendered CD1d(+) by transfection and pulsed with alphaGalCer. Four other CD1d(-) tumor cell lines of diverse origin were resistant to NKT cells, whereas Jurkat and U937 leukemia cell lines, which are constitutively CD1d(+), were killed. Killing of the latter was greatly augmented in the presence of alphaGalCer. Upon human CD1d/alphaGalCer recognition, NKT cells induced potent cytotoxicity of NK cells against CD1d(-) neuroblastoma cell lines that were not killed directly by NKT cells. NK cell activation depended upon NKT cell production of IL-2, and was enhanced by secretion of IFN-gamma. These data demonstrate that cytotoxicity of human NKT cells can be CD1d and ligand dependent, and that TCR-stimulated NKT cells produce IL-2 that is required to induce NK cell cytotoxicity. Thus, NKT cells can mediate potent antitumor activity both directly by targeting CD1d and indirectly by activating NK cells.
Aerosol Route to Functional Nanostructured Inorganic and Hybrid Porous Materials (2010)

The major advances in the field of the designed construction of hierarchically structured porous inorganic or hybrid materials wherein multiscale texturation is obtained via the combination of aerosol or spray processing with sol-gel chemistry, self-assembly and multiple templating are the topic of this review. The available materials span a very large set of structures and chemical compositions (silicates, aluminates, transition metal oxides, nanocomposites including metallic or chalcogenides nanoparticles, hybrid organic-inorganic, biohybrids). The resulting materials are manifested as powders or smart coatings via aerosol-directed writing combine the intrinsic physical and chemical properties of the inorganic or hybrid matrices with defined multiscale porous networks having a tunable pore size and connectivity, high surface area and accessibility. Indeed the combination of soft chemical routes and spray processing provides "a wind of change" in the field of "advanced materials". These strategies give birth to a promising family of innovative materials with many actual and future potential applications in various domains such as catalysis, sensing, photonic and microelectronic devices, nano-ionics and energy, functional coatings, biomaterials, multifunctional therapeutic carriers, and microfluidics, among others.
Efficiency of topical imiquimod 5% cream in the management of chronic radiation dermatitis with multiple neoplasias. (2006)

The immune response modifier imiquimod 5% cream (Aldara) was locally applied to an extensive thoracic chronic radiation dermatitis for 2 weeks on a once daily basis. After moderate to severe irritative reactions with erythema and crusted erosions, areas cleared up within 4 weeks. The patient has now been in complete remission for 2 years.