gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Small-Molecule-Dependent Split Aptamer Ligation (2011)

Here we describe the first use of small-molecule binding to direct a chemical reaction between two nucleic acid strands. The reported reaction is a ligation between two fragments of a DNA split aptamer using strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition. Utilizing the split aptamer for cocaine, we demonstrate small-molecule-dependent ligation that is dose-dependent over a wide range of cocaine concentrations and is compatible with complex biological fluids such as human blood serum. Moreover, studies of split aptamer ligation at varying salt concentrations and using structurally similar analogues of cocaine have revealed new insight into the assembly and small-molecule binding properties of the cocaine split aptamer. The ability to translate the presence of a small-molecule target into the output of DNA ligation is anticipated to enable the development of new, broadly applicable small-molecule detection assays.
Role of immunoglobulin G in killing of Borrelia burgdorferi by the classical complement pathway (1988)

The antibody and complement requirements for killing of Borrelia burgdorferi 297 by normal human serum (NHS) and NHS plus immunoglobulin G (IgG) were examined. B. burgdorferi activated both the alternative and classical complement pathways in NHS. In NHS chelated with 10 mM ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid plus 4 mM MgCl2 (Mg-EGTA) to block classical pathway activation, consumption (activation) of total hemolytic complement, complement component 3 (C3), and C9 by B. burgdorferi was observed. Furthermore, challenge of unchelated NHS with 297 cells resulted in the consumption of C4, in addition to an increase in C3 and C9 consumption over that observed in chelated serum. In spite of complement activation, B. burgdorferi was resistant to the nonspecific bactericidal activity of NHS. The addition of human anti-B. burgdorferi IgG to NHS, however, resulted in the complete killing of 297 cells. Bactericidal activity of this serum was abrogated if NHS was immunochemically depleted of C1, indicating that killing was mediated by the classical pathway. The manifestation of bactericidal activity was accompanied by a large increase in total complement and C3 consumption over that observed in NHS alone. Under similar conditions, only a minimal increase in C9 consumption was observed. No increase in total complement consumption was observed if NHS plus anti-B. burgdorferi IgG was treated with Mg-EGTA prior to challenge. The results of these experiments demonstrate that B. burgdorferi is resistant to the nonspecific bactericidal activity of NHS, in spite of classical and alternative complement pathway activation. B. burgdorferi is sensitive to serum, however, in the presence of IgG, which mediates bacterial killing through the classical complement pathway.
Rigorous modeling of scattered light in EUV cameras (2002)

Summary form only given. In this paper we make use of both a fitted Power Spectral Density (PSD) function for an EUV system based on earlier published results and also an empirically derived PSD function over the spatial frequencies range from 5E-8 to 0. 1 (1/nm). From the radially symmetric PSD response a flare Point Spread Function (PSF/sub flare/) is constructed from which the impact on the aerial image can be directly computed through a convolution operation on the ideal aerial image without flare. It is shown that if the system PSD is stationary and the "chrome density" is uniform, the flare variation is essentially constant over the static exposure field except for distances several hundred microns from the edge of the exposure field. The main impact of flare is then a loss of overall aerial image contrast that can be significant, e.g. greatly exceeding 15% depending on mirror quality. The variation in critical dimension (CD) as a result of localized "chrome density" variation can be computed. We show that, through an iterative process, critical dimensions on the mask can be resized in a similar way to Optical Proximity Correction (OPC) to minimize the effects of flare on CD control.
Bendixon‐Type Theorems with Applications (1987)

Abstract Bendixson's theorem on the nonexistence of periodic solutions of differential equations is generalized to the N ‐dimensional case. An application of the theorem in formal reaction kinetics is shown. Then a theorem analogous to Schneider's generalization is given. Finally, a theorem on implicit systems is formulated and applied to get a sufficient condition for the absence of periodic solutions in a generalized Liénard‐equation.
Cooperative Hierarchical Caching in 5G Cloud Radio Access Networks (2017)

Over the last few years, C-RAN is proposed as a transformative architecture for 5G cellular networks that brings the flexibility and agility of cloud computing to wireless communications. At the same time, content caching in wireless networks has become an essential solution to lower the content- access latency and backhaul traffic loading, leading to user QoE improvement and network cost reduction. In this article, a novel cooperative hierarchical caching (CHC) framework in C-RAN is introduced where contents are jointly cached at the BBU and at the RRHs. Unlike in traditional approaches, the cache at the BBU, cloud cache, presents a new layer in the cache hierarchy, bridging the latency/capacity gap between the traditional edge-based and core-based caching schemes. Trace-driven simulations reveal that CHC yields up to 51 percent improvement in cache hit ratio, 11 percent decrease in average content access latency, and 18 percent reduction in backhaul traffic load compared to the edge-only caching scheme with the same total cache capacity. Before closing the article, we discuss the key challenges and promising opportunities for deploying content caching in C-RAN in order to make it an enabler technology in 5G ultra-dense systems.
Cortisol and the metabolic syndrome in South Asians (2003)

Associations between 09.00 h cortisol concentration and cardiovascular risk factors in this South Asian cohort were stronger than those previously shown in Caucasian populations, despite similar mean cortisol concentrations, and were amplified by adiposity. This suggests that increased glucocorticoid action may contribute to ethnic differences in the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome, particularly among men and women with a higher body mass index.
Engineered Nanoparticles in Cancer Therapy (2007)

Intense research has led to a more comprehensive understanding of cancer at the genetic, molecular, and cellular levels providing an avenue for methods of increasing antitumor efficacy of drugs while reducing systemic side effects. Nanoparticulate technology is of particular use in developing a new generation of more effective cancer therapies capable of overcoming the many biological, biophysical, and biomedical barriers that the body stages against a standard intervention. Nanoparticles show much promise in cancer therapy by selectively gaining access to tumor due to their small size and modifiability. Typically, though not exclusively, nanoparticles are defined as submicroscopic particles between 1 and 100 nm. Nanoparticles are formulated out of a variety of substances and engineered to carry an array of substances in a controlled and targeted manner. Nanoparticles are prepared to take advantage of fundamental cancer morphology and modes of development such as rapid proliferation of cells, antigen expression, and leaky tumor vasculature. In cancer treatment and detection nanoparticles serve many targeted functions in chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, immunodetection, thermotherapy, imaging, photodynamic therapy, and anti-angiogenesis. Not only are modifying agents allowing for greater and more accurate tumor targeting, they are also aiding in the crossing of biophysical barriers such as the blood brain barrier there by reducing peripheral effects and increasing the relative amount of drug reaching in the brain. Moreover, multifunctional nanoparticles perform many of these tasks simultaneously such as targeted delivery of a potent anticancer drug at the same time as an imaging material to visualize the effectiveness of the drug utilized for treatment follow-up. In this review, several recent US and World patents developing and modifying nanoparticles for the detection, analysis, and treatment of cancer are discussed.
Traffic-based feedback on the web (2004)

Usage data at a high-traffic web site can expose information about external events and surges in popularity that may not be accessible solely from analyses of content and link structure. We consider sites that are organized around a set of items available for purchase or download, consider, for example, an e-commerce site or collection of online research papers, and we study a simple indicator of collective user interest in an item, the batting average, defined as the fraction of visits to an item's description that result in an acquisition of that item. We develop a stochastic model for identifying points in time at which an item's batting average experiences significant change. In experiments with usage data from the Internet Archive, we find that such changes often occur in an abrupt, discrete fashion, and that these changes can be closely aligned with events such as the highlighting of an item on the site or the appearance of a link from an active external referrer. In this way, analyzing the dynamics of item popularity at an active web site can help characterize the impact of a range of events taking place both on and off the site.
The Best Flip-Flops to Scan (2005)

The full-scan and the nonscan versions of a circuit This paper presents a new algorithm for selecting the best flip-flops to scan for achieving maximum fault coverage in a partial-scan circuit. The algorithm, called PASCAL (PArtial Scan AnaLysis), ranks the flip-flops based on their contribution to the fault coverage. The results of PASCAL provide a global view of the entire partial-scan design spectrum (from no scan to full scan), and allow the designer to estimate the fault coverage achievable with any number of scanned flip-flops and to select the minimal subset of flip-flops to scan for obtaining a desired fault coverage. The number of scanned flip-flops can be reduced by taking into account faults detected by functional tests.
Cone Beam Tomography of the Heart Using Single-Photon Emission-Computed Tomography (1991)

The authors evaluated cone beam single-photon emission-computed tomography (SPECT) of the heart. A new cone beam reconstruction algorithm was used to reconstruct data collected from "short scan" acquisitions (of slightly more than 180 degrees) of a detector anteriorally traversing a noncircular orbit. The less than 360 degrees acquisition was used to minimize the attenuation artifacts that result from reconstructing posterior projections of 201T1 emissions from the heart. The algorithm includes a new method for reconstructing truncated projections of background tissue activity that eliminates reconstruction ring artifacts. Phantom and patient results are presented which compare a high-resolution cone beam collimator (50-cm focal length; 6.0-mm full width at half maximum [FWHM] at 10 cm) to a low-energy general purpose (LEGP) parallel hole collimator (8.2-mm FWHM at 10 cm) which is 1.33 times more sensitive. The cone beam tomographic results are free of reconstruction artifacts and show improved spatial and contrast resolution over that obtained with the LEGP parallel hole collimator. The limited angular sampling restrictions and truncation problems associated with cone beam tomography do not deter from obtaining diagnostic information. However, even though these preliminary results are encouraging, a thorough clinical study is still needed to investigate the specificity and sensitivity of cone beam tomography.
Modeling and characterization of the system-level Power Delivery Network for a dual-core ARM Cortex-A57 cluster in 28nm CMOS (2015)

Power delivery is a well-known challenge for high-end microprocessor systems. Comparatively, mobile computing platforms typically consume order-of-magnitude lower currents, but economic and volume constraints limit the quality of the Power Delivery Network. In addition, the trend towards GHz+ operating frequencies and the ubiquity of low-power techniques such as clock-gating and power-gating, make these systems susceptible to pathological AC transients. Consequently, mobile computing systems are ultimately limited by power-delivery. In this paper, we present the system-level Power Delivery Network (PDN) modeling, analysis and measurement results on a dual-core 64bit ARM Cortex-A57 compute cluster in 28nm CMOS. We present a comprehensive analysis of the PDN by characterizing the individual contribution of each constituent i.e. the PCB, package and the die. We present frequency- and time-domain simulation results and correlate that with measurement (both on-chip and off-chip). Our results demonstrate how complex software and micro-architectural interactions can trigger PDN resonances that ultimately lead to system failure.
Enhanced metrology using preferential orientation of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond (2012)

We demonstrate preferential orientation of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color centers along two of four possible crystallographic axes in diamonds grown by chemical vapor deposition on the ${100}$ face. We identify the relevant growth regime and present a possible explanation of this effect. We show that preferential orientation provides increased optical readout contrast for NV multispin measurements, including enhanced ac magnetic-field sensitivity, thus providing an important step towards high-fidelity multispin-qubit quantum information processing, sensing, and metrology.
T-cell subpopulations in the blood and skin of patients with psoriasis (1984)

Monoclonal antibodies were used to determine, simultaneously, the proportions of T-cell populations in the peripheral blood and in the skin lesions of fifty-one patients with psoriasis. The results were analysed in relation to the extent, age and clinical type of the skin lesions. In the group of patients with extensive lesions, a significant reduction in the number of total T (TT) and T helper/inducer-cells, (TH), but not in T suppressor/cytotoxic cells (TS) was observed in the peripheral blood. Furthermore, the skin TH/TS ratio was greater in late guttate and in chronic plaque lesions than the corresponding ratio in the blood. These findings suggest that there is an active selective recruitment of TH cells into established psoriatic lesions. In contrast, the TH/TS ratio in early guttate lesions was the same as in the blood, and significantly lower than in the plaque lesions. An additional finding was a decrease of TS, and a corresponding increase of null cells in the blood of patients with chronic plaque psoriasis. These observations provide further evidence for the participation of T cells in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.
Chikungunya Viruses That Escape Monoclonal Antibody Therapy Are Clinically Attenuated, Stable, and Not Purified in Mosquitoes (2014)

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) causes explosive epidemics of acute and chronic arthritis in humans in Africa, the Indian subcontinent, and Southeast Asia and recently has spread to the New World. As there are no approved vaccines or therapies for human use, the possibility of CHIKV-induced debilitating disease is high in many parts of the world. To this end, our laboratory recently generated a combination monoclonal antibody therapy that aborted lethal and arthritogenic disease in wild-type and immunocompromised mice when administered as a single dose several days after infection. In this study, we show the efficacy of the antibody combination in nonhuman primates and also evaluate the significance of possible neutralization escape mutations in mosquito and mammalian cells, mice, and Aedes albopictus vector mosquitoes. Our experiments show that escape viruses from combination antibody therapy cause less severe CHIKV clinical disease, retain fitness, and likely would not be purified by mosquito vectors.
Effects of Ginkgo biloba extract on the cochlear damage induced by local gentamicin installation in guinea pigs (1998)

Investigations evaluating the protective effect of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb) on gentamicin (GM) ototoxicity were undertaken. Guinea pigs treated with 5 mg/kg gentamicin sulfate on the round window niche (RWN) showed acute changes on electrocochleogram and hair cell or microvilli damage on scanning electron microscopy (SEM). There was accumulation of GM in the whole cochlea, especially in the organ of Corti, stria vascularis, and type III fibrocyte on immunohistochemical study. However, the guinea pigs pretreated with local or systemic EGb revealed no significant changes by local GM installation. From these results, we concluded that EGb has a protective effect on the development of GM ototoxicity in the cochlea.
La información judicial en la prensa colombiana, camino a la pérdida de credibilidad (2004)

El control de calidad del tratamiento que dan los medios de comunicación a la información que publican resulta cada vez más necesario. Un estudio realizado sobre el manejo de los temas de justicia en seis de los principales periódicos colombianos, revela que estos han descuidado su función analítica y orientadora para dedicarse al simple registro de los hechos, que se basan en gran medida en fuentes oficiales y que en más ocasiones de las deseadas evitan identificar la fuente de información. Por esta razón, se requiere que las empresas periodísticas revisen los procesos de tratamiento de la información y dicten políticas claras para modificar las actuales rutinas periodísticas, pues de lo contrario, se verán abocados a la pérdida de credibilidad y, por ende, de lectores.
Alterations in Growth, Photosynthesis, and Respiration in a Starchless Mutant of <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> (L.) Deficient in Chloroplast Phosphoglucomutase Activity (1985)

A mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. which lacks leaf starch was isolated by screening for plants which did not stain with iodine. The starchless phenotype, confirmed by quantitative enzymic analysis, is caused by a single recessive nuclear mutation which results in a deficiency of the chloroplast isozyme of phosphoglucomutase. When grown in a 12-h photoperiod, leaves of the wild-type accumulated substantial amounts of starch but lower levels of soluble sugars. Under these conditions, the mutant accumulated relatively high levels of soluble sugars. Rates of growth and net photosynthesis of the mutant and wild-type were indistinguishable when the plants were grown in constant illumination. However, in a short photoperiod, the growth of the mutant was severely impaired, the rate of photosynthesis was depressed relative to the wild-type, and the rate of dark respiration, which was high following the onset of darkness, exhibited an uncharacteristic decay throughout the dark period. The altered control of respiration by the mutant, which may be related to the relatively high levels of soluble carbohydrate that accumulate in the leaf and stem tissue, is believed to be partially responsible for the low growth rate of the mutant in short days. The depressed photosynthetic capacity of the mutant may also reflect a metabolic adaptation to the accumulation of high levels of soluble carbohydrate which mimics the effects of alterations in source/sink ratio. The activities of sucrose phosphate synthase and acid invertase are significantly higher in the mutant than in the wild-type whereas ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase activity is lower. This suggests that the activities of these enzymes may be modulated in response to metabolite concentrations or flux through the pathways.
Evidence of blood-brain barrier permeability/leakage for circulating human Alzheimerʼs β-amyloid-(1–42)-peptide (1996)

Brains from patients with Alzheimer's disease contain amyloid plaques which are composed of beta-amyloid peptide and are considered to play a causal role in the neuropathology of this disease. The origin of beta-amyloid peptide in brain parenchyma and vessels of Alzheimer's disease patients is not known. This study examined the permeability of the blood-brain barrier to beta-amyloid peptide in rats subjected to single or repeated episodes of global cerebral ischaemia followed by i.v. injections of human synthetic beta-amyloid-(1-42)-peptide. Rats receiving beta-amyloid peptide after ischaemia demonstrated multifocal and widespread accumulation of beta-amyloid peptide in hippocampus, cerebral cortex and occasionally in white matter. beta-Amyloid peptide penetration involved arterioles, veins and venules. Neuronal, glial and pericyte bodies were observed filled with beta-amyloid peptide. Direct evidence that soluble human beta-amyloid-(1-42)-peptide crosses the blood-brain barrier and enters the brain from the circulation is thus provided for the first time.
Alteration of in vivo cellulose ribbon assembly by carboxymethylcellulose and other cellulose derivatives. (1982)

In vivo cellulose ribbon assembly by the Gram-negative bacterium Acetobacter xylinum can be altered by incubation in carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), a negatively charged water-soluble cellulose derivative, and also by incubation in a variety of neutral, water-soluble cellulose derivatives. In the presence of all of these substituted celluloses, normal fasciation of microfibril bundles to form the typical twisting ribbon is prevented. Alteration of ribbon assembly is most extensive in the presence of CMC, which often induces synthesis of separate, intertwining bundles of microfibrils. Freeze-etch preparations of the bacterial outer membrane suggest that particles that are thought to be associated with cellulose synthesis or extrusion may be specifically organized to mediate synthesis of microfibril bundles. These data support the previous hypothesis that the cellulose ribbon of A. xylinum is formed by a hierarchical, cell-directed, self-assembly process. The relationship of these results to the regulation of cellulose microfibril size and wall extensibility in plant cell walls is discussed.