gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abnormal behaviour detection on queue analysis from stereo cameras (2015)

In this paper we perform an analysis of human behaviour for people standing in a queue with the aim to discover, in an unsupervised way, ongoing unusual or suspicious activities. The main activity types we focus on are detecting people loitering around the queue and people going against the flow of the queue or undertaking a suspicious path. The proposed approach works by first detecting and tracking moving individuals from a stereo depth map in real time. Activity zones (including queue zones) are then automatically learnt employing a soft computing-based algorithm which takes as input the trajectory of detected mobile objects. Statistical properties on zone occupancy and transition between zones makes it possible to discover abnormalities without the need to learn abnormal models beforehand. The approach has been tested on a dataset realistically representing a border crossing and its environment. The current results suggest that the proposed approach constitutes a robust knowledge discovery tool able to extract queue abnormalities.
Hyperpolarized <sup>3</sup>He apparent diffusion coefficient MRI of the lung: Reproducibility and volume dependency in healthy volunteers and patients with emphysema (2008)

Mean ADC and SD of HP (3)He MRI is reproducible and discriminates well between healthy controls and patients with emphysema at the higher gas volume. This method is robust and may be useful to gain new insights into the pathophysiology and course of emphysema.
Frequent deletion in the methylthioadenosine phosphorylase gene in T- cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: strategies for enzyme-targeted therapy (1996)

Methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP), an enzyme essential for the salvage of adenine and methionine, is deficient in a variety of cancers, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Because the MTAP gene is located adjacent to the tumor-suppressor gene p16 on chromosome 9p21 and more than 60% of T-cell ALL (T-ALL) patients have deletion in the p16 gene, we examined the status of the MTAP gene in T-ALL patients. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction amplification of exon 8 of MTAP showed a deletion in 16 of 48 (33.3%) patients at diagnosis and in 13 of 33 (39.4%) patients at relapse. Southern blot analysis showed that, in addition to deletion of the entire MTAP gene, a common break point was between exons 4 and 5, resulting in deletion of exons 5 through 8. The finding of frequent deficiency of MTAP in T-ALL offers the possibility of an enzyme targeted therapy for T-ALL. MTAP(-) T-ALL-derived cell line, CEM cells were very sensitive to methionine deprivation, with cell viability at 50% of control as early as 48 hours after methionine deprivation. In contrast, methionine deprivation had little effect on the viability of normal lymphocytes or on their proliferative response to phytohemagglutinin. Alanosine, an inhibitor of AMP synthesis, inhibited the growth of both MTAP(+) (Molt-4 and Molt-16) and MTAP(-) (CEM and HSB2) cell lines. However, the addition of methylthioadenosine, the substrate of MTAP, protected the MTAP(+) cells but not the MTAP(-) cells from alanosine toxicity. These findings suggest the possibility of targeting MTAP for selective therapy of T-ALL.
Alkynes, Allenes, and Alkenes in [3,3]-Sigmatropy:  Functional Diversity and Kinetic Monotony. A Theoretical Analysis (1998)

The [3,3]-sigmatropic shifts of 1,5-hexadiyne, 1,2-hexadien-5-yne, 1,2,5-hexatriene, 1,2,4,5-hexatetraene, and 1-hexen-5-yne were studied, using a hierarchy of methods (RHF/6-31G*, MP2//RHF/6-31G*, BLYP/6-31G*, Becke3LYP/6-31G*, and CASSCF/6-31G*). Hartree−Fock, MP2, and density functional methods predict the mechanisms to be concerted, involving aromatic transition structures, whereas CASSCF/6-31G* favors the stepwise pathways via diradical intermediates. Both MP2//RHF/6-31G* and Becke3LYP/6-31G* give activation energies in good agreement with the experimental values. Becke3LYP is a reliable tool for predicting the activation energies of such reactions, although it has a tendency to overstabilize allene systems. The activation energies for the series of reactions are remarkably constant at 31−35 kcal/mol, consistent with the aromatic character of their transition states. The origin of this kinetic monotony even in the face of structural diversity is analyzed.
Effect of hydroxylapatite particles during healing of experimental furcation involvement in beagle dogs. (1989)

The present study was performed to evaluate the effects of hydroxylapatite (HAP) on tissue regeneration in various types of furcation involvement. Upper premolar tooth sites of 9 beagle dogs (3-6 years old) were used. HAP particles were implanted into three types of furcation defects: Class III lesion (by Glickman) in 2nd premolar sites, artificially caused by intrafurcal suturing or spontaneously developed about 3 months after extraction of the 1st premolar; Class IV lesion in 4th premolar sites artificially produced 2 months before implantation; and through-and-through furcal bony defects in 3rd premolar sites at the time of HAP implantation. Macroscopic, radiographic and microscopical investigations of the postoperative status were carried out at intervals of 1, 2, 3 and 6 months. The appearance of the gingiva in bony defect sites was almost the same as that in the presurgical status 2 weeks after implantation, although gingival inflammation was persistent in Class III and IV lesions. Most particles in Class III and IV lesions exfoliated until 2 weeks after implantation, and the junctional space between recipient bone and particles could not be distinguished, probably as a result of incorporation of HAP and osseous tissue. Histological observation revealed that HAP particles were surrounded by new bone located at the top of the alveolar crest in all defects. However, there were no obvious signs of coronal bone formation or connective tissue attachment in Class III and IV lesions up to 3 months after the operation. At 6 months there was evidence of new bone formation over the presurgical crests in Class III and IV lesions. On the other hand, there were obvious signs of connective tissue attachment and bone formation in bony defect sites, probably induced by the tissue of the periodontal ligament remaining after the surgical procedure, and nonphysiological ankylosis between root and bone was frequently observed. There were notable findings, such as newly formed osteoid tissue intervening with the adhesive particles, calcified tissue intervening between HAP particles and root surface showing ankylosis, and peripheral osteoid formation in the HAP particles. It is postulated that HAP has no apparent role in induction of bone formation, although there is chemical affinity to calcified tissue, and it is effective in yielding a volume of bone-like tissue where osseous repair could be performed. However, HAP did not enhance regeneration of lost periodontal structures including connective tissue attachment.
Tumor-associated copy number changes in the circulation of patients with prostate cancer identified through whole-genome sequencing (2013)

The genomic landscape of prostate cancer can be established by non-invasive means from plasma DNA. Our approach provides specific genomic signatures within 2 days which may therefore serve as 'liquid biopsy'.
Persistence of Group C Anticapsular Antibodies Two to Three Years After Immunization With an Investigational Quadrivalent Neisseria meningitidis-Diphtheria Toxoid Conjugate Vaccine (2005)

Serum group C antibody concentrations remained elevated for 2-3 years after MC-4 vaccination, and passive protective activity was more frequent in vaccinated than unvaccinated children. However, serum antibody concentrations in many vaccinated children were no longer sufficient to activate complement-mediated bacteriolysis in vitro or to confer passive protection against experimental group C disease.
Constitutive production of a unique lymphokine (IL 3) by the WEHI-3 cell line. (1982)

It has been recently demonstrated that conditioned media from Con A-stimulated splenocyte cultures contain a novel lymphokine termed IL 3. IL 3 is characterized by its ability to induce 20-alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in spleen cells from young nu/nu mice. In search of a convenient source for biochemical and in vivo studies of this lymphokine, a number of established murine cell lines were screened for the constitutive and induced production of Il 3. It was found that WEHI-3 cells, originally designated as a myelomonocyte cell line, produced high levels of IL 3 constitutively. Added mitogen and/or phorbol acetate did not enhance the production of IL 3. Production of IL 3 varied among various sublines of WEHI-3. IL 3 purified from WEHI-3-conditioned media has biochemical and biologic characteristics identical to those obtained from Con A-conditioned media. WEHI-3 conditioned media, however, generally contained 100-fold higher levels of IL 3 than conditioned media from Con A-stimulated splenic lymphocytes.
Social interaction in 'there' (2004)

Persistent online environments, such as multi-player games, exhibit a complex social organisation. These environments often feature large social groupings and elaborate cooperative behaviours. This paper discusses 'There', one such environment, focusing on how users interact online. Resources such as overlapping chat and emotional gestures create a compelling social experience, although not one without its problems. We draw three lessons from There for the design of games and virtual environments: that text chat can be better integrated into the virtual environment, that gestures are valuable as communication topics as well as resources, and that social interactions can improve the social presence felt in virtual environments.
Risk, reliability, cascading, and restructuring (2004)

Restructuring of the electric utility sector introduces unprecedented uncertainty in transmission planning and operations practices. To cover the uncertainty and to provide robust solutions, it is necessary to consider a significant number of different situations and scenarios, and to base the decision-making on characteristics reflecting all this variety. The crisis caused by inadequacy of the old methodology to the new environment becomes increasingly evident, especially in transmission planning. Adequately handling the uncertainty should be based on risk assessment, multi-scenario analysis, and probabilistic methods. The stress posed on transmission systems due to the power flow diversity is also enormous and results in shrinking reliability margins. The lack of investments and fully adequate strategies to the development of open-access transmission systems also contributes to this problem. New incentives, methodologies, indices, and standards need to be developed. This paper introduces the new risk assessment indices and comprehensive reliability assessment technology developed by Southern Company. The indices include the risk and sharpness of transmission problems and the expected energy not produced (EENP). The risk and sharpness indices allow estimating the likelihood of thermal and voltage problems and the degree of locality of these problems in different parts of the grid. The EENP reflects the annual expected energy that cannot be injected into the grid due to transmission constraints. Reliability metrics are computed for all sources of unreliability including protection group outages, islanding, and network problems. The Southern Company/EPRI TRELSS software is used as the main tool. Studies include forecasting reliability trends and goal performance, identification of "weak elements", in-depth analysis of reasons and mechanisms of unreliability events, impacts of hotter-than-expected weather, reliability effects of across-system power transfers, reliability impacts of budgeted transmission projects, probabilistic risk analysis of thermal and voltage problem. Southern Company has developed a unique methodology to analyze hundreds of cascading failure scenarios, determine their expected consequences, and rank the scenarios according to their severity and likelihood of occurrence. Cascading studies are also conducted to analyze vulnerability of the system to acts of sabotage. The paper contains examples of real-life studies and their discussions.
T Cells Associated with Tumor Regression Recognize Frameshifted Products of the <i>CDKN2A</i> Tumor Suppressor Gene Locus and a Mutated HLA Class I Gene Product (2004)

The dramatic tumor regression observed following adoptive T cell transfer in some patients has led to attempts to identify novel Ags to understand the nature of these responses. Nearly complete regression of multiple metastatic melanoma lesions was observed in patient 1913 following adoptive transfer of autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. The autologous 1913 melanoma cell line expressed a mutated HLA-A11 class I gene product that was recognized by the bulk tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes as well as a dominant T cell clone derived from this line. A second dominant T cell clone, T1D1, did not recognize the mutated HLA-A11 product, but recognized an allogeneic melanoma cell line that shared expression of HLA-A11 with the parental tumor cell line. Screening of an autologous melanoma cDNA library with clone T1D1 T cells in a cell line expressing the mutated HLA-A11 gene product resulted in the isolation of a p14ARF transcript containing a 2-bp deletion in exon 2. The T cell epitope recognized by T1D1, which was encoded within the frameshifted region of the deleted p14ARF transcript, was also generated from frameshifted p14ARF or p16INK4a transcripts that were isolated from two additional melanoma cell lines. The results of monitoring studies indicated that T cell clones reactive with the mutated HLA-A11 gene product and the mutated p14ARF product were highly represented in the peripheral blood of patient 1913 1 wk following adoptive transfer, indicating that they may have played a role in the nearly complete tumor regression that was observed following this treatment.
A gene encoding a sphingolipid biosynthesis enzyme determines the sensitivity of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> to an antifungal plant defensin from dahlia ( <i>Dahlia merckii</i> ) (2000)

We have previously identified a Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant that is markedly more resistant than wild-type to Dahlia merckii antimicrobial peptide 1 (DmAMP1), an antifungal plant defensin isolated from seeds of dahlia (Dahlia merckii). A complementation approach was followed that consisted of the introduction of a genomic library of DmAMP1-sensitive wild-type yeast into the DmAMP1-resistant yeast mutant and screening for restored sensitivity to DmAMP1. The gene determining sensitivity of S. cerevisiae to DmAMP1 was identified as IPT1, a gene encoding an enzyme involved in the last step of the synthesis of the sphingolipid mannose-(inositol-phosphate)(2)-ceramide. Strains with a nonfunctional IPT1 allele lacked mannose-(inositol-phosphate)(2)-ceramide in their plasma membranes, bound significantly less DmAMP1 compared with wild-type strains, and were highly resistant to DmAMP1-mediated membrane permeabilization. All of these phenotypic deviations could be restored by reintroduction of a functional IPT1 gene. Our data support a model in which membrane patches containing sphingolipids act as binding sites for DmAMP1 or, alternatively, are required to anchor membrane or cell wall-associated proteins, which themselves interact with DmAMP1.
A Wide-Band Power-Efficient Inductive Wireless Link for Implantable Microelectronic Devices Using Multiple Carriers (2007)

This paper presents a novel inductive link for wireless transmission of power and data to biomedical implantable microelectronic devices using multiple carrier signals. Achieving higher data bandwidth without compromising the power efficiency is the driving force behind using multiple separate carriers. Two separate pairs of coils have been utilized for inductive power and forward data transmission, plus a pair of miniature antennas for back telemetry. One major challenge, however, is to minimize the interference among these carriers especially on the implantable side, where size and power are highly limited. Planar power coils with spiral shape are optimized in geometry to provide maximum coupling coefficient k. The data coils are designed rectangular in shape and wound across the power coils diameter to be oriented perpendicular to the power coil planes. The goal is to maximize data coils direct coupling, while minimize their cross-coupling with the power coils. The effects of coils geometry, orientation, relative distance, and misalignments on the coupling coefficients have been modeled and experimentally evaluated.
Elastin Gene Mutations in Transgenic Mice (2007)

We have constructed several rat tropoelastin minigene recombinants encoding the complete sequence of rat tropoelastin, two isoforms of rat tropoelastin and a truncated tropoelastin lacking the domains encoded by exons 19-31 of the rat gene. Coding and non-coding domains in all these recombinants were placed under the transcriptional control of 3 kb of the promoter domain of the rat tropoelastin gene. These minigenes were used to prepare a total of 28 separate founder lines of transgenic mice. A species-specific reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay was established to demonstrate the synthesis of rat and mouse tropoelastin mRNA in several tissues obtained from both neonatal and adult transgenic mice. Thermolytic digestion of insoluble elastin isolated from several neonatal mouse tissues revealed the presence of rat tropoelastin peptides in progeny from all those founder mice in which detectable levels of rat tropoelastin mRNA were noted. Phenotypic and histopathological assessment of transgenic and non-transgenic animals revealed the development of two diverse elastic tissue disorders. The progeny of two separate founder lines overexpressing the rat tropoelastin isoform lacking exon 33, developed an emphysematous phenotype in early adulthood. In contrast, transgenic mice, in which expression of the truncated rat tropoelastin minigene lacking exons 19-31 had been observed, died of a ruptured ascending aortic aneurysm. Tropoelastin gene mutations, therefore, will result in heritable disorders of elastic tissue. Moreover, different mutations in the tropoelastin gene will be responsible for very different abnormalities in elastic tissue function.
K-band spatial combiner using finline arrays in oversized rectangular waveguide (2002)

This paper presents the K-band spatial combining system based on the tapered-slot antenna arrays integrated in an oversized rectangular waveguide. The active antenna cards were designed and built monolithically, and a preliminary result of a 2/spl times/4 system has been presented in this paper.
The Heck Reaction of Electron‐Rich Olefins with Regiocontrol by Hydrogen‐Bond Donors (2006)

No salt please: Halide scavengers AgOTf and TlOAc are not required for the Heck coupling of electron-rich olefins with aryl bromides and chlorides. Using ammonium additives, these reactions can be carried out in either an imidazolium ionic liquid or a common molecular solvent, thus furnishing 1,1′-disubstituted olefins in high yields with excellent regioselectivities. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2006/z600799_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
The Tale of Two Domains (2007)

Very little is known about SET- and MYND-containing protein 2 (SMYD2), a member of the SMYD protein family. However, the interest in better understanding the roles of SMYD2 has grown because of recent reports indicating that SMYD2 methylates p53 and histone H3. In this study, we present a combined proteomics and genomics study of SMYD2 designed to elucidate its molecular roles. We report the cytosolic and nuclear interactome of SMYD2 using a combination of immunoprecipitation coupled with high throughput MS, chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with high throughput MS, and co-immunoprecipitation methods. In particular, we report that SMYD2 interacted with HSP90alpha independently of the SET and MYND domains, with EBP41L3 through the MYND domain, and with p53 through the SET domain. We demonstrated that the interaction of SMYD2 with HSP90alpha enhances SMYD2 histone methyltransferase activity and specificity for histone H3 at lysine 4 (H3K4) in vitro. Interestingly histone H3K36 methyltransferase activity was independent of its interaction with HSP90alpha similar to LSD1 dependence on the androgen receptor. We also showed that the SET domain is required for the methylation at H3K4. We demonstrated using a modified chromatin immunoprecipitation protocol that the SMYD2 gain of function leads to an increase in H3K4 methylation in vivo, whereas no observable levels of H3K36 were detected. We also report that the SMYD2 gain of function was correlated with the up-regulation of 37 and down-regulation of four genes, the majority of which are involved in the cell cycle, chromatin remodeling, and transcriptional regulation. TACC2 is one of the genes up-regulated as a result of SMYD2 gain of function. Up-regulation of TACC2 by SMYD2 occurred as a result of SMYD2 binding to the TACC2 promoter where it methylates H3K4. Furthermore the combination of the SMYD2 interactome with the gene expression data suggests that some of the genes regulated by SMYD2 are closely associated with SMYD2-interacting proteins.
Open source software for personal information managers and personal knowledge management (2009)

Technology is common in the domain of knowledge distribution, but it rarely enhances the process of knowledge use. Distribution delivers knowledge to the potential user's desktop but cannot dictate what he or she does with it thereafter. It would be interesting to envision technologies that help to manage personal knowledge as it applies to decisions and actions. The viewpoints about knowledge vary from individual, community, society, personnel development or national development. Personal Knowledge Management (PKM) integrates Personal Information Management (PIM), focused on individual skills, with Knowledge Management (KM). KM Software is a subset of Enterprise content management software and which contains a range of software that specialises in the way information is collected, stored and/or accessed. This article focuses on KM skills, PKM and PIM Open Sources Software, Social Personal Management and also highlights the Comparison of knowledge base management software and its use.
Complexation of siRNA and pDNA with Cationic Liposomes: The Important Aspects in Lipoplex Preparation (2009)

In the last two decades, cationic liposomes have been investigated as vehicles for nucleic acids [plasmid DNA (pDNA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA)] delivery in vitro and in vivo. The formation of cationic liposomes-nucleic acids complexes, termed lipoplexes, depends on a number of experimental variables. The quality of the nucleic acid and the cationic liposome as well as the selection of diluents for diluting the concentrated stocks strongly affect the resulting lipoplexes and their efficiency of gene-expression or gene-silencing effect following transfection. In addition, the molar ratio of cationic lipid nitrogen (N) to siRNA or pDNA phosphate (P) (N/P ratio) influences the final characteristics of the lipoplexes, such as size, surface zeta potential, and reproducibility, thereby reflecting their efficiency following transfection. The methods presented in this chapter could be helpful to obtain reliable and reproducible lipoplexes and experimental results.