gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Targeting of both mouse neuropilin-1 and neuropilin-2 genes severely impairs developmental yolk sac and embryonic angiogenesis (2002)

Neuropilins (NP1 and NP2) are vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors that mediate developmental and tumor angiogenesis. Transgenic mice, in which both NP1 and NP2 were targeted (NP1(-/-)NP2(-/-)) died in utero at E8.5. Their yolk sacs were totally avascular. Mice deficient for NP2 but heterozygous for NP1 (NP1(+/-)NP2(-/-)) or deficient for NP1 but heterozygous for NP2 (NP1(-/-)NP2(+/-)) were also embryonic lethal and survived to E10-E10.5. The E10 yolk sacs and embryos were easier to analyze for vascular phenotype than the fragile poorly formed 8.5 embryos. The vascular phenotypes of these E10 mice were very abnormal. The yolk sacs, although of normal size, lacked the larger collecting vessels and had less dense capillary networks. PECAM staining of yolk sac endothelial cells showed the absence of branching arteries and veins, the absence of a capillary bed, and the presence of large avascular spaces between the blood vessels. The embryos displayed blood vessels heterogeneous in size, large avascular regions in the head and trunk, and blood vessel sprouts that were unconnected. The embryos were about 50% the length of wild-type mice and had multiple hemorrhages. These double NP1/NP2 knockout mice had a more severe abnormal vascular phenotype than either NP1 or NP2 single knockouts. Their abnormal vascular phenotype resembled those of VEGF and VEGFR-2 knockouts. These results suggest that NRPs are early genes in embryonic vessel development and that both NP1 and NP2 are required.
The Islet β Cell-enriched MafA Activator Is a Key Regulator of Insulin Gene Transcription (2005)

The islet-enriched MafA, PDX-1, and BETA2 activators contribute to both beta cell-specific and glucose-responsive insulin gene transcription. To investigate how these factors impart activation, their combined impact upon insulin enhancer-driven expression was first examined in non-beta cell line transfection assays. Individual expression of PDX-1 and BETA2 led to little or no activation, whereas MafA alone did so modestly. MafA together with PDX-1 or BETA2 produced synergistic activation, with even higher insulin promoter activity found when all three proteins were present. Stimulation was attenuated upon compromising either MafA transactivation or DNA-binding activity. MafA interacted with endogenous PDX-1 and BETA2 in coimmunoprecipitation and in vitro GST pull-down assays, suggesting that regulation involved direct binding. Dominant-negative acting and small interfering RNAs of MafA also profoundly reduced insulin promoter activity in beta cell lines. In addition, MafA was induced in parallel with insulin mRNA expression in glucose-stimulated rat islets. Insulin mRNA levels were also elevated in rat islets by adenoviral-mediated expression of MafA. Collectively, these results suggest that MafA plays a key role in coordinating and controlling the level of insulin gene expression in islet beta cells.
Mixed Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection in an Individual: Demonstration of Both HIV Type 1 and Type 2 Proviral Sequences by Using Polymerase Chain Reaction (1988)

Sera from persons seroreactive to both human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and type 2 (HIV-2), by whole-virus (VEIA) enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) for each virus, were selected from a seroprevalence study of 944 persons in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire, West Africa, in 1987. These sera were subsequently tested for HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibody specificity by type-specific peptide EIAs (PEIA) and western blot (WB) analysis for both viruses. Peripheral blood monocytes (PBMCs) from representative individuals were cultured in the presence of phytohemagglutinin-stimulated normal donor PBMCs. These cultures were periodically monitored for HIV-1 and HIV-2 proviral sequences by using the selective DNA amplification technique polymerase chain reaction (PCR). As an outgrowth of this study, we report the case of a person dually reactive by various serological techniques in whom proviral sequences from HIV-1 and HIV-2 were detected by PCR. This is the first confirmed case of a mixed HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection in a single individual.
3D User Interfaces: Theory and Practice (2004)

As 3D technology becomes available for a wide range of applications, ist successful deployment will require well-designed user interfaces (UIs). Specifically, software and hardware developers will need to understand the interaction principles and techniques peculiar to a 3D environment. This understanding, of course, builds on usability experience with 2D UIs. But it also involves new and unique challenges and opportunities. Discussing all relevant aspects of interaction, enhanced by instructive examples and guidelines, 3D User Interfaces comprises a single source for the latest theory and practice of 3D UIs. Many people already have seen 3D UIs in computer-aided design, radiation therapy, surgical simulation, data visualization, and virtual-reality entertainment. The next generation of computer games, mobile devices, and desktop applications also will feature 3D interaction. The authors of this book, each at the forefront of research and development in the young and dynamic field of 3D UIs, show how to produce usable 3D applications that deliver on their enormous promise. Coverage includes: The psychology and human factors of various 3D interaction tasks Different approaches for evaluating 3D UIs Results from empirical studies of 3D interaction techniques Principles for choosing appropriate input and output devices for 3D systems Details and tips on implementing common 3D interaction techniques Guidelines for selecting the most effective interaction techniques for common 3D tasks Case studies of 3D UIs in real-world applications. To help you keep pace with this fast-evolving field, the book?s Web site, www.3dui.org, will offer information and links to the latest 3D UI research and applications.
Effects of a heat and moisture exchanger and a heated humidifier on respiratory mucus in patients undergoing mechanical ventilation (2000)

Ours results indicate that air humidification with either HME or HHW at 32 degrees C (89.6 degrees F) has similar effects on mucus rheologic properties, contact angle, and transportability by cilia in patients undergoing mechanical ventilation, except for transportability by cough, which diminished after 72 hrs of mechanical ventilation in the HME group (p = .0441).
Polar stimulation and constrained cell migration in microfluidic channels (2007)

Asymmetrical delivery of stimuli to moving cells for perturbing spatially-heterogeneous intracellular signaling is an experimental challenge not adequately met by existing technologies. Here, we report a robust microfluidic platform allowing localized treatment of the front and/or back of moving cells which crawl through narrow channels that they completely occlude. The enabling technical element for this study is a novel design for precise, passive balancing of flow inside the microfluidic device by contacting two fluid streams before splitting them again. The microchannels constrain cell morphology and induce qualitative and quantitative changes in neutrophil chemotaxis that mimic cells crawling through tissues.
Inhibition of HIV-1 gene expression by retroviral vector-mediated small-guide RNAs that direct specific RNA cleavage by tRNase ZL (2005)

The tRNA 3'-processing endoribonuclease (tRNase Z or 3' tRNase; EC 3.1.26.11) is an essential enzyme that removes the 3' trailer from pre-tRNA. The long form (tRNase ZL) can cleave a target RNA in vitro at the site directed by an appropriate small-guide RNA (sgRNA). Here, we investigated whether this sgRNA/tRNase ZL strategy could be applied to gene therapy for AIDS. We tested the ability of four sgRNA-expression plasmids to inhibit HIV-1 gene expression in COS cells, using a transient-expression assay. The three sgRNAs guide inhibition of HIV-1 gene expression in cultured COS cells. Analysis of the HIV-1 mRNA levels suggested that sgRNA directed the tRNase ZL to mediate the degradation of target RNA. The observation that sgRNA was localized primarily in nuclei suggests that tRNase ZL cleaves the HIV-1 mRNA when complexed with sgRNA in this location. We also examined the ability of two retroviral vectors expressing sgRNA to suppress HIV-1 expression in HIV-1-infected Jurkat T cells. sgRNA-SL4 suppressed HIV-1 expression almost completely in infected cells for up to 18 days. These results suggest that the sgRNA/tRNase ZL approach is effective in downregulating HIV-1 gene expression.
A New Passive Valley Fill Dimming Electronic Ballast with Extended Line Current Conduction Angle (2006)

In this paper, a new modified valley fill circuit is proposed to combine with a half-bridge current source resonant inverter as the power circuit for a high power factor valley fill electronic ballast. The proposed circuit is capable to lower the discharge voltage of the valley fill capacitance by inserting another branch of valley fill capacitor in the original circuit. When the capacitors are connected in parallel, the voltage discharged across the capacitors is only one-third of the peak line voltage, which allows the conduction angle of the line current to be further extended so that a lower total harmonic distortion level can be achieved. Another advantage is that the smaller capacitance greatly reduces the current spike demanded at the peak line voltage when compared to the one seen in the conventional valley fill ballasts. The high crest factor problem is also eliminated in the proposed circuit as continuous variable frequency control is employed to continuously regulate the lamp current to stay within a steady envelope. Detailed explanations on the operating principles of the proposed circuit are provided in this paper. Simulation and experimental results are provided to validate with all the theoretical analysis for a 20 W compact fluorescent lamp
Phytonutrients' Role in Metabolism: Effects on Resistance to Degenerative Processes (2009)

Several "traditional" nutrients and dietary fiber have been associated with both increased and decreased risk of chronic diseases. However, there are many minor components in foods, particularly plant-derived foods, that elicit biologic responses in mammalian systems that are consistent with reduced risk of one or more chronic diseases (phytonutrients). These phytonutrients have been categorized into ten classes of compounds or biologic activities. Representative compounds, typical biologic activities, and common food sources are tabulated for each phytonutrient class. A brief discussion of each category is presented along with several structure-activity relationships.
ESD-Protection Design With Extra Low-Leakage-Current Diode String for RF Circuits in SiGe BiCMOS Process (2006)

Two low-leakage resistor-shunted diode strings are developed for use as power clamps in silicon-germanium (SiGe) BiCMOS technology. The resistors are used to bias the deep N-wells, significantly reducing the leakage current from the diode string. A methodology for selecting the values of the bias resistors is presented. For further reduction of the leakage current, an alternate design is presented: the resistor-shunted trigger bipolar power clamp. The power-clamp circuits presented herein may be used in cooperation with small double diodes at the I/O pins to achieve whole-chip electrostatic-discharge protection for RF ICs in SiGe processes
Size-Dependent Cellular Uptake and Expulsion of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes: Single Particle Tracking and a Generic Uptake Model for Nanoparticles (2009)

The cellular uptake and expulsion rates of length-fractionated single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) from 130 to 660 nm in NIH-3T3 cells were measured via single particle tracking of their intrinsic photoluminescence. We develop a quantitative model to correlate endocytosis rate with nanoparticle geometry that accurately describes this data set and also literature results for Au nanoparticles. The model asserts that nanoparticles cluster on the cell membrane to form a size sufficient to generate a large enough enthalpic contribution via receptor ligand interactions to overcome the elastic energy and entropic barriers associated with vesicle formation. Interestingly, the endocytosis rate constant of SWNT (10(-3) min(-1)) is found to be nearly 1000 times that of Au nanoparticles (10(-6) min(-1)) but the recycling (exocytosis) rate constants are similar in magnitude (10(-4) to 10(-3) min(-1)) for poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide), SWNT, and Au nanoparticles across distinct cell lines. The total uptake of both SWNT and Au nanoparticles is maximal at a common radius of 25 nm when scaled using an effective capture dimension for membrane diffusion. The ability to understand and predict the cellular uptake of nanoparticles quantitatively should find utility in designing nanosystems with controlled toxicity, efficacy, and functionality.
3,8-Diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one Peptide Mimetics:  Synthesis of a Conformationally Restricted Inhibitor of Farnesyltransferase (2001)

A new synthesis of the 3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one framework is described. Transannular enolate alkylation of piperazinone derivatives provides a flexible route to highly constrained bicyclic peptidomimetic synthons with substitution at the Calpha position. The chemistry was used to produce a conformationally constrained farnesyltransferase inhibitor, which aided the elucidation of enzyme-bound conformation.
A Dual-Modal System that Evaluates User's Emotions in Virtual Learning Environments and Responds Affectively (2020)

Endowing learning systems with emotion awareness features (capture user's affective state and provide affective feedback), seems quite promising. This paper describes a system implementation that provides emotion awareness, both explicitly, by self-reporting of emotions through a usable web tool, and implicitly, via sentiment analysis. Prominent theories, models and techniques of emotion, emotion learning, emotion detection and affective feedback are reviewed. We also present findings from our experiment with university students, validating the explicit mechanism in real education settings. Finally, we set open issues for future experimentation, contributing to the research agenda.
Determining the longitudinal relaxation time (<i>T</i><sub>1</sub>) of blood at 3.0 Tesla (2004)

It is important to determine the longitudinal relaxation time of blood for black blood imaging, as well as for quantifying blood flow by arterial spin labeling (ASL). In this study a circulation system was used to measure blood T1 under physiological conditions at the new clinical field strength of 3.0T. It was found that 1/T1 in s(-1) was linearly dependent (P < 0.05) on hematocrit (Hct) within a normal range of 0.38-0.46. The relationships were 1/T1 = (0.52 +/- 0.15). Hct + (0.38 +/- 0.06) and 1/T1 = (0.83 +/- 0.07). Hct + (0.28 +/- 0.03) for arterial (oxygenation = 92% +/- 7%) and venous blood (69% +/- 8%), respectively, which led to estimated T1 values of 1664 +/- 14 ms (arterial) and 1584 +/- 5 ms (venous) at a typical human Hct of 0.42. The temperature dependencies of blood T1 were 22.3 +/- 0.6 ms/ degrees C and 19.8 +/- 0.8 ms/ degrees C for Hct values of 0.42 and 0.38, respectively. When a head coil transmit/receive setup was used, radiation damping caused a slight reduction (19 ms) of the measured T1 values.
Spontaneous antibody, and CD4 and CD8 T‐cell responses against XAGE‐1b (GAGED2a) in non‐small cell lung cancer patients (2011)

The spontaneous immune responses against XAGE-1b (GAGED2a) were analyzed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. An antibody response against XAGE-1b (GAGED2a) was observed in 10% (20/200) of NSCLC patients and in 19% (13/69) of stage IIIB/IV lung adenocarcinoma patients. A CD4 T-cell response was detected in 88% (14/16) and a CD8 T-cell response in 67% (6/9) in the XAGE-1b (GAGED2a) antibody-positive patients examined. Frequent antibody responses and CD4 and CD8 T-cell responses in XAGE-1b (GAGED2a) antibody-positive patients indicate the strong immunogenicity of the XAGE-1b (GAGED2a) antigen in NSCLC patients. We established T-cell clones from PBMCs of antibody-positive patients and determined the DRB1*04:05-restricted XAGE-1b (GAGED2a) 18-31 peptide (14-mer) as a CD4 T cell epitope and the A*02:06-restricted XAGE-1b (GAGED2a) 21-29 peptide (9-mer) as a CD8 T cell epitope. As for peptide recognition, CD4 and CD8 T-cell clones responded to naturally processed antigen. The CD4 T-cell clone recognized DCs pulsed with the synthetic protein or a lysate from XAGE-1b-transfected 293T cells. The CD8 T-cell clone showed cytotoxicity against a tumor expressing XAGE-1b (GAGED2a) and the appropriate HLA class I allele. These findings establish XAGE-1b (GAGED2a) as a promising target for a lung cancer vaccine.
Car'97 Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery (1997)

Einleitung Innovative Entwicklungen zur CAD und CAT als auch ihre klinischen Anwendungen werden unter dem Begriff Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery (CARS) zusammengefasst. Mit einer standig wachsenden Anzahl von interdisziplinaren und internationalen durchgefuhrten Forschungs- und Entwicklungsaktivitaten tragt CARS wesentlich dazu bei, dass ein signifikanter Teil der Medizin sich in einem fundamentalen Wandel hin zu einer Digitalisierung befindet.
Impact of a novel, antimicrobial dressing on in vivo, <scp><i>P</i></scp><i>seudomonas aeruginosa</i> wound biofilm: Quantitative comparative analysis using a rabbit ear model (2014)

The importance of bacterial biofilms to chronic wound pathogenesis is well established. Different treatment modalities, including topical dressings, have yet to show consistent efficacy against wound biofilm. This study evaluates the impact of a novel, antimicrobial Test Dressing on Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm-infected wounds. Six-mm dermal punch wounds in rabbit ears were inoculated with 10(6) colony-forming units of P. aeruginosa. Biofilm was established in vivo using our published model. Dressing changes were performed every other day with either Active Control or Test Dressings. Treated and untreated wounds were harvested for several quantitative endpoints. Confirmatory studies were performed to measure treatment impact on in vitro P. aeruginosa and in vivo polybacterial wounds containing P. aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. The Test Dressing consistently decreased P. aeruginosa bacterial counts, and improved wound healing relative to Inactive Vehicle and Active Control wounds (p < 0.05). In vitro bacterial counts were also significantly reduced following Test Dressing therapy (p < 0.05). Similarly, improvements in bacterial burden and wound healing were also achieved in polybacterial wounds (p < 0.05). This study represents the first quantifiable and consistent in vivo evidence of a topical antimicrobial dressing's impact against established wound biofilm. The development of clinically applicable therapies against biofilm such as this is critical to improving chronic wound care.
Diffraction from circular and irregular apertures (1973)

the aperture and depend on the characteristics of the interior sphere. The results demonstrate that interior information is contained in the exterior scattering data.
Homicides in Croatia - passive socio-economic status differences regarding gender (1997)

U radu se analizira postojanje razlike između muskih i ženskih pocinitelja ubojstva u prostoru pasivnog socio-ekonomskog statusa. Dobiveni rezultati svjedoce o postojanju te razlike i to na nacin da su obilježja tog statusa nepovoljnija za ženske pocinitelje. Cilj je rada utvrđivanje razlika između muskih i ženskih pocinitelja ubojstva u prostoru varijabli koje opisuju pasivni socio-ekonomski status, tj. obilježja socijalne datosti na koje ispitanici nisu mogli znacajnije djelovati. Uzorak cine osobe koje su u periodu od 1980. do 1995. godine upucene na izdržavanje kazne zatvora u Kazneni zavod u Lepoglavi i u Kazneni zavod u Požegi zbog izvrsenja kaznenog djela ubojstva (N=492, M=383, Ž=109). Rezultati diskriminativne analize pokazuju kako postoji statisticki znacajna razlika između muskih i ženskih pocinitelja ubojstva u prostoru pasivnog socio-ekonomksog statusa, a ona se sastoji u slijedecem: žene relativno cesce od muskaraca dolaze iz obitelji u kojima je bilo dusevnih bolesti, njihovi ocevi cesce nisu privređivali, one su, za razliku od muskaraca, cesce živjele s oba roditelja i to u urbanijem prostoru ; odnosi u primarnoj obitelji znatno su losiji nego kod muskih ispitanika. Ti rezultati potvrđuju hipotezu kojom se pretpostavljalo postojanje statisticki znacajnih razlika između muskih i ženskih pocinitelja ubojstva u prostoru pasivnog socio-ekonomskog statusa i to na nacin da su obilježja tog statusa nepovoljnija za ženske pocinitelje.
Association of serum antibodies against defined epitopes of human papillomavirus L1, E2, and E7 antigens and of HPV DNA with incident cervical cancer. (1995)

In order to provide a large-scale evaluation of the association with cervical cancer of antibodies against human papillomavirus (HPV) antigens, sera from 233 patients with primary, untreated cervical cancer and from 157 healthy age- and sex-matched blood donors were analyzed for IgG and IgA antibodies against HPV-derived peptide antigens and against bovine papillomavirus. Several serological responses were strongly associated with cervical cancer, notably the IgG response against the HPV 16 epitopes L1:13 (Relative risk [RR]: 5.3), E2:9 (RR: 2.9), and E7:5 (RR: 4.3), and the IgA response against an HPV 18 E2-derived antigen (245:18, RR: 3.1). HPV DNA in corresponding cervical tumors was analyzed by Southern blotting (SB) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 47 patients. Sixty-six percent of the patients carried HPV DNA as determined by SB, 91% of patients analyzed by PCR. Neither the antibody responses, nor the presence of HPV DNA were significantly associated with the biological properties of the tumors.
MAGNET POWER SUPPLY CONTROL SYSTEM IN KEKB ACCELERATORS (1999)

There are more than 2500 magnet power supplies for KEKB storage rings and injection beam transport lines.To construct a control system for such a large number of power supplies, one of the important things is to reduce the cost of the interface between the power supplies and the control computers.For this purpose we developed the Power Supply Interface Controller Module (PSICM) of 3U Euro-Card mounted in each power supply.PSICMs and a local control computer are connected by ARCNET STP cables in a daisy-chain manner.A PSICM has a microprocessor which communicates with the local control computer.Magnet power supply control system is carefully designed to satisfy conditions for efficient beam handling.A PSICM can change the power supply current with an arbitrary tracking curve which is sent from the control computer.An arbitrary number of PSICMs can start tracking synchronously with each other by using an external trigger signal.The KEKB magnet power supply control system has been operated since Dec. 1998.Its software design and functions are discussed.