gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Liposomal Bortezomib Nanoparticles via Boronic Ester Prodrug Formulation for Improved Therapeutic Efficacy in Vivo (2014)

In this study, we describe the development of liposomal bortezomib nanoparticles, which was accomplished by synthesizing bortezomib prodrugs with reversible boronic ester bonds and then incorporating the resulting prodrugs into the nanoparticles via surface conjugation. Initially, several prodrug candidates were screened based upon boronic ester stability using isobutylboronic acid as a model boronic acid compound. The two most stable candidates were then selected to create surface conjugated bortezomib prodrugs on the liposomes. Our strategy yielded stable liposomal bortezomib nanoparticles with a narrow size range of 100 nm and with high reproducibility. These liposomal bortezomib nanoparticles demonstrated significant proteasome inhibition and cytotoxicity against multiple myeloma cell lines in vitro and remarkable tumor growth inhibition with reduced systemic toxicity compared to free bortezomib in vivo. Taken together, this study demonstrates the incorporation of bortezomib into liposomal nanoparticles via reversible boronic ester bond formation to enhance the therapeutic index for improved patient outcome.
Expression of twist and wnt in human breast cancer. (2005)

Twist, a transcription factor of the basic helix-loop-helix class, has been suggested to have oncogenic properties. We reported Twist expression was regulated by Wnt/beta-catenin signaling and that both Wnt-1 and Twist could contribute to mammary tumorigenesis. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the expression of Twist, Wnt-1 and Wnt-2 in human breast cancer tissue. We examined the expression in patients with breast cancer by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. RT-PCR of twenty-three pairs of cancer and normal breast tissue revealed that Twist was up-regulated in 69.6% (16/23) of the cancer lesions and 21.7% (5/23) of the normal breast tissues. Wnt-2 was up-regulated in all of the cancer lesions and 13.0% (3/23) of the normal breast tissues, whereas Wnt-1 was expressed in both the cancer and normal breast tissues of the five cases examined. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that Twist was positively expressed in 52.2% (12/23) of the cancer lesions and 34.8% (8/23) of the normal breast tissues. Twist and Wnt-2 are highly expressed in breast cancer tissue, suggesting that both molecules could play important roles in mammary carcinogenesis.
Identification and partial purification of a large, variant form of type XII collagen. (1992)

A large, alternate form of type XII collagen has been identified in cultures of the human epidermoid cell line WISH. This form, designated XIIA, is comprised of alpha chains that are approximately 90 kDa larger than the 220-kDa alpha chain previously characterized in extracts of fetal chicken and bovine tissues. Results from both collagenase digestion and rotary shadow analysis of partially purified material show that the increase is due to a larger NC3 domain. While both the large (XIIA) and the small (XIIB) forms of type XII collagen are identified in pulse-chase radiolabeling of fetal bovine skin explant culture, they are not related in a precursor-product fashion. Inhibition studies with alpha, alpha'-dipyridyl indicate that proper folding of the collagen helix is required for complete assembly and secretion of type XIIA in WISH cell culture. The 310-kDa alpha 1A chain is likely to represent the bovine equivalent of a second translation product, estimated to be 340 kDa, predicted from analysis of one complete chick cDNA sequence. Additionally, the amino-terminal amino acid sequence of the 220-kDa bovine alpha 1B chain was determined. This sequence is very near a potential alternate splice site predicted from analysis of chicken type XII cDNA.
Expression of Neural RNA-Binding Proteins in the Postnatal CNS: Implications of Their Roles in Neuronal and Glial Cell Development (1997)

There is an increasing interest in the role of RNA-binding proteins during neural development. Mouse-Musashi-1 (m-Msi-1) is a mouse neural RNA-binding protein with sequence similarity to Drosophila musashi (d-msi), which is essential for neural development. m-Msi-1 is highly enriched in neural precursor cells that are capable of generating both neurons and glia during embryonic CNS development. The present study characterized m-Msi-1-expressing cells in the postnatal and adult CNS. Postnatally, m-Msi-1 was expressed in proliferative neuronal precursors in the external granule cell layer of the cerebellum and in the anterior corner of the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricles. In gliogenesis, the persistent expression of m-Msi-1 was observed in cells of the astrocyte lineage ranging from proliferative glial precursors in the subventricular zone (SVZ) to differentiated astrocytes in the parenchyma. In addition, we showed that m-Msi-1 was still expressed in proliferating cells in the adult SVZ, which may contain neural precursor or stem cells. Another neural RNA-binding protein Hu (the mammalian homolog of a Drosophila neuronal RNA-binding protein Elav) was present in postmitotic neurons throughout the development of the CNS, and its pattern of expression was compared with that of m-Msi-1. These observations imply that these two RNA-binding proteins may be involved in the development of neurons and glia by regulating gene expression at the post-transcriptional level.
Sheet-Type Braille Displays by Integrating Organic Field-Effect Transistors and Polymeric Actuators (2007)

A large-area, flexible, and lightweight sheet-type Braille display has been successfully fabricated on a plastic film by integrating high-quality organic transistors and soft actuators. An array of rectangular plastic actuators is mechanically processed from a perfluorinated polymer electrolyte membrane. A small semisphere, which projects upward from the rubberlike surface of the display, is attached to the tip of each rectangular actuator. The effective display size is 4times4 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . Each Braille letter consists of 3times2 dots and 24 letters; in other words, 6 letters times 4 lines can be displayed. Pentacene field-effect transistors with top-contact geometry have a channel length of 20 mum and a mobility of 1 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /Vmiddots. The Braille dots on one line are driven for 0.9 s. The total thickness and weight of the entire device are 1 mm and 5.3 g, respectively. The present scheme will enable people with visual impairments to carry the Braille sheet display in their pockets and read Braille e-books at any time. Since all the device components are manufactured on plastic films, these sheet-type Braille displays are mechanically flexible, lightweight, shock resistant, and potentially inexpensive to manufacture; therefore, they are suitable for mobile electronics
Analgesic efficacy of two ibuprofen-codeine combinations for the treatment of postepisiotomy and postoperative pain (1987)

Our purpose was to compare the analgesic efficacy and safety of single oral doses of the combination of ibuprofen 400 mg plus codeine 60 mg and the combination of ibuprofen 200 mg plus codeine 30 mg with ibuprofen 400 mg alone, codeine sulfate 60 mg alone, and placebo. One hundred ninety-five patients with severe pain resulting from episiotomy, cesarean section, or gynecologic surgery completed a randomized, double-blind, stratified, parallel-group study. Patients were observed during a 4-hour period after medication. Based on the sum of the pain intensity differences (SPID), total pain relief (TOTPAR), and most of the hourly direct measures of pain and relief, both doses of the combination and ibuprofen 400 mg alone were statistically superior to placebo. Codeine 60 mg was statistically superior to placebo based on TOTPAR, the global ratings, and a few hourly measures. The mean effect of the combination of ibuprofen 400 mg plus codeine 60 mg was significantly superior to the mean effect of ibuprofen 400 mg alone 1/2, 1, and 2 hours after medication and to the mean effect of ibuprofen 400 mg alone and codeine 60 mg alone for SPID, TOTPAR, and other measures as well. The low-dose combination was significantly more effective than codeine 60 mg for a few hourly measures but was not significantly superior to ibuprofen 400 mg. Based on these findings it appears that the combination of ibuprofen 400 mg plus codeine 60 mg, particularly in the first few hours after medication, is more efficacious than its constituents.
Improving Patient Safety Culture: A Report of a Multifaceted Intervention. (2021)

Although some aspects of safety culture improved after the summit and follow-up interventions, others did not. Future interventions should be targeted toward individual microsystems or units and measure safety climate perceptions for intervention recipients exclusively.
The Use of Antioxidants with First-Line Chemotherapy in Two Cases of Ovarian Cancer (2003)

AbstractObjective: Because of poor overall survival in advanced ovarian malignancies, patients often turn to alternative therapies despite controversy surrounding their use. Currently, the majority of cancer patients combine some form of complementary and alternative medicine with conventional therapies. Of these therapies, antioxidants, added to chemotherapy, are a frequent choice.Methods: For this preliminary report, two patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer were studied. One patient had Stage IIIC papillary serous adenocarcinoma, and the other had Stage IIIC mixed papillary serous and seromucinous adenocarcinoma. Both patients were optimally cytoreduced prior to first-line carboplatinum/paclitaxel chemotherapy. Patient 2 had a delay in initiation of chemotherapy secondary to co-morbid conditions and had evidence for progression of disease prior to institution of therapy. Patient 1 began oral high-dose antioxidant therapy during her first month of therapy. This consisted of oral vitamin C, vitamin E, beta-carotene, coenzyme Q-10 and a multivitamin/mineral complex. In addition to the oral antioxidant therapy, patient 1 added parenteral ascorbic acid at a total dose of 60 grams given twice weekly at the end of her chemotherapy and prior to consolidation paclitaxel chemotherapy. Patient 2 added oral antioxidants just prior to beginning chemotherapy, including vitamin C, beta-carotene, vitamin E, coenzyme Q-10 and a multivitamin/mineral complex. Patient 2 received six cycles of paclitaxel/carboplatinum chemotherapy and refused consolidation chemotherapy despite radiographic evidence of persistent disease. Instead, she elected to add intravenous ascorbic acid at 60 grams twice weekly. Both patients gave written consent for the use of their records in this report.Results: Patient 1 had normalization of her CA-125 after the first cycle of chemotherapy and has remained normal, almost 3½ years after diagnosis. CT scans of the abdomen and pelvis remain without evidence of recurrence. Patient 2 had normalization of her CA-125 after the first cycle of chemotherapy. After her first round of chemotherapy, the patient was noted to have residual disease in the pelvis. She declined further chemotherapy and added intravenous ascorbic acid. There is no evidence for recurrent disease by physical examination, and her CA-125 has remained normal three years after diagnosis.Conclusion: Antioxidants, when added adjunctively, to first-line chemotherapy, may improve the efficacy of chemotherapy and may prove to be safe. A review of four common antioxidants follows. Because of the positive results found in these two patients, a randomized controlled trial is now underway at the University of Kansas Medical Center evaluating safety and efficacy of antioxidants when added to chemotherapy in newly diagnosed ovarian cancer.Keywordsovarian cancerchemotherapyantioxidantsvitamin Avitamin Evitamin Ccarotenoids
DREZ lesions for relief of pain related to spinal cord injury (1986)

Fifty-six patients with intractable pain following a spinal cord injury were treated with dorsal root entry zone (DREZ) lesions. After a follow-up period ranging from 6 months to 6 years, 50% of patients had good pain relief. Certain pain syndromes tended to respond better to DREZ lesions than did others. Patients with pain extending caudally from the level of the injury and patients with unilateral pain were most likely to obtain pain relief from the procedure; diffuse pain and predominant sacral pain did not respond as well.
Classification-based segmentation of ZIP codes (1993)

In this paper a system for the segmentation of unconstrained handwritten ZIP codes is presented. A binarization algorithm is described that utilizes the bimodal nature of the input 256 gray level histogram. ZIP code images are scaled to a standard size for further processing. Objects that are not comparable to the size of numerals are classified as noise and removed. An algorithm that segments broken or touching characters is presented. Several trial segmentations of each ZIP code are produced. A character classifier is used to determine which trial segmentation is most likely to be correct.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.1.7 pseudovirus by BNT162b2 vaccine-elicited human sera (2021)

Abstract Recently, a new SARS-CoV-2 lineage called B.1.1.7 has emerged in the United Kingdom that was reported to spread more efficiently than other strains. This variant has an unusually large number of mutations with 10 amino acid changes in the spike protein, raising concerns that its recognition by neutralizing antibodies may be affected. Here, we investigated SARS-CoV-2-S pseudoviruses bearing either the Wuhan reference strain or the B.1.1.7 lineage spike protein with sera of 16 participants in a previously reported trial with the mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine BNT162b2. The immune sera had equivalent neutralizing titers to both variants. These data, together with the combined immunity involving humoral and cellular effectors induced by this vaccine, make it unlikely that the B.1.1.7 lineage will escape BNT162b2-mediated protection.
Deep impurity transitions involving cation vacancies and complexes in AlGaN alloys (2005)

Deep ultraviolet (UV) photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy has been employed to study deep impurity transitions in AlxGa1−xN (0⩽x⩽1) epilayers. Two groups of deep impurity transitions were observed, which are assigned to the recombination between shallow donors and two different deep level acceptors involving cation vacancies (Vcation) and Vcation complexes in AlxGa1−xN alloys. These acceptor levels are pinned to two different energy levels common to AlxGa1−xN alloys (0⩽x⩽1). The deep impurity transitions related with Vcation complexes were observed in AlxGa1−xN alloys between x=0 and 1, while those related with Vcation were only observed in AlxGa1−xN alloys between x=0.58 and 1. This points out to the fact that the formation of Vcation is more favorable in Al-rich AlGaN alloys, while Vcation complexes can be formed in the whole range of x between 0 and 1. The implications of our findings to the UV optoelectronic devices using AlGaN alloys are also discussed.
A Nonaliasing, Real-Time Spatial Transform Technique (1986)

A two-pass spatial transform technique that does not exhibit the aliasing artifacts associated with techniques for spatial transform of discrete sampled images is possible through the use of a complete and continuous resampling interpolation algorithm. The algorithm is complete in the sense that all the pixels of the input image under the map of the output image fully contribute to the output image. It is continuous in the sense that no gaps or overlaps exist in the sampling of the input pixels and that the sampling can be performed with arbitrary precision. The technique is real time in the sense that it can be guaranteed to operate for any arbitrary transform within a given time limit. Because of the complete and continuous nature of the resampling algorithm, the resulting image is free of the classic sampling artifacts such as graininess, degradation, and edge aliasing.
How is open source affecting software development? (2004)

The open source movement is affecting software development products and processes. Software products benefit from reusable elements' increased availability and flexibility but might suffer from tighter coupling and more complex dependencies between reused components. The software development process is gaining from the widespread availability and use of sophisticated open source development platforms and tools, and the adoption of corresponding development and coding practices by the programmer community. In addition, code as literature is helping the meaningful education of programmers. However, process integration and the coevolution of multiple open source and proprietary projects are still open problems.
A High-Stress Liner Comprising Diamond-Like Carbon (DLC) for Strained p-Channel MOSFET (2008)

We report the integration of a new liner stressor comprising diamond-like carbon (DLC) film over a p-channel transistor. A high compressive stress of 6.5 GPa was achieved in a high-stress film with a thickness of 27 nm. A 74% enhancement in drive current was observed for the strained device with DLC liner as compared to a control device without DLC liner. Due to its much higher intrinsic stress value compared to conventional SiN films, a thinner DLC layer can induce comparable amount of stress in the transistor channel compared to a thicker SiN. The DLC material is a potential next-generation high-stress and low-permittivity liner stressor material suitable for application in transistors with aggressively scaled pitch dimensions.
Generating Classification Weights With GNN Denoising Autoencoders for Few-Shot Learning (2019)

Given an initial recognition model already trained on a set of base classes, the goal of this work is to develop a meta-model for few-shot learning. The meta-model, given as input some novel classes with few training examples per class, must properly adapt the existing recognition model into a new model that can correctly classify in a unified way both the novel and the base classes. To accomplish this goal it must learn to output the appropriate classification weight vectors for those two types of classes. To build our meta-model we make use of two main innovations: we propose the use of a Denoising Autoencoder network (DAE) that (during training) takes as input a set of classification weights corrupted with Gaussian noise and learns to reconstruct the target-discriminative classification weights. In this case, the injected noise on the classification weights serves the role of regularizing the weight generating meta-model. Furthermore, in order to capture the co-dependencies between different classes in a given task instance of our meta-model, we propose to implement the DAE model as a Graph Neural Network (GNN). In order to verify the efficacy of our approach, we extensively evaluate it on ImageNet based few-shot benchmarks and we report state-of-the-art results.
Design and implementation of a distributed router (2006)

The requirements on IP routers are increasing for every new generation of designs. The driving forces are growing traffic volumes and demands for new services. We argue that a decentralized modular system design would improve the scalability, flexibility, and reliability of future routers. We have designed and implemented such a distributed router, based on physical separation between different functional modules for control and forwarding plane operations. This paper presents the design and implementation, focusing on the internal communication protocols and implementation aspects of the control plane
CSI overhead reduction with stochastic beamforming for cloud radio access networks (2014)

Cloud radio access network (Cloud-RAN) is a promising network architecture to meet the explosive growth of the mobile data traffic. In this architecture, as all the baseband signal processing is shifted to a single baseband unit (BBU) pool, interference management can be efficiently achieved through coordinated beamforming, which, however, often requires full channel state information (CSI). In practice, the overhead incurred to obtain full CSI will dominate the available radio resource. In this paper, we propose a unified framework for the CSI overhead reduction and downlink coordinated beamforming. Motivated by the channel heterogeneity phenomena in large-scale wireless networks, we first propose a novel CSI acquisition scheme, called compressive CSI acquisition, which will obtain instantaneous CSI of only a subset of all the channel links and statistical CSI for the others, thus forming the mixed CSI at the BBU pool. This subset is determined by the statistical CSI. Then we propose a new stochastic beamforming framework to minimize the total transmit power while guaranteeing quality-of-service (QoS) requirements with the mixed CSI. Simulation results show that the proposed CSI acquisition scheme with stochastic beamforming can significantly reduce the CSI overhead while providing performance close to that with full CSI.
Biochemistry of Polyisoprenoid Biosynthesis (1976)

<P>Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.</P> The <i>European Working Conditions Survey</i> (EWCS) is conducted by Eurofound (the European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions). Since its launch in 1990, the EWCS has provided an overview of working conditions in Europe. The main objectives of the survey are to: <ul><li>assess and quantify working conditions of both employees and the self-employed across Europe on a harmonised basis;</li><li>analyse relationships between different aspects of working conditions;</li><li>identify groups at risk and issues of concern as well as of progress;</li><li>monitor trends by providing homogeneous indicators on these issues; and</li><li>contribute to European policy development in particular on quality of work and employment issues.</li></ul> Themes covered include employment status, working time duration and organisation, work organisation, learning and training, physical and psychosocial risk factors, health and safety, work-life balance, worker participation, earnings and financial security, as well as work and health.<br> The EWCS paints a wide-ranging picture of Europe at work across countries, occupations, sectors and age groups. Its findings highlight actions for policy actors to help them address the challenges facing Europe today. The EWCS is generally conducted once every five years, although an extra wave was conducted in 2001 to cover the new acceding and candidate EU countries. The survey is based on a questionnaire which is administered face-to-face to a random sample of 'persons in employment' (i.e. employees and the self-employed), representative of the working population in each EU country. An integrated dataset is also available (see SN 7363) which combines data from the first five waves of the survey in one file.<br> <br> Before working with the EWCS data, users are recommended to read the latest supplementary supporting documentation on the Eurofound <a href="http://www.eurofound.europa.eu/surveys/european-working-conditions-surveys" title="European Working Conditions Survey" target="_blank">European Working Conditions Survey</a> webpages. Further information about the series can be found there, including methodological information, technical reports and reports on translation, sampling implementation, sampling evaluation and weighting, coding, quality control, quality assurance and other publications.<br> <br>