gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Supporting Flexible Consistency Management via Discrete Change Description Propagation (1996)

A new software architecture for supporting inter-object consistency management is described. Objects with interdependent data values are kept consistent by propagating descriptions of object state changes along inter-object relationships. Response to and storage of these change descriptions supports the implementation of consistency management techniques in a more homogeneous way than existing models. Such techniques include efficient attribute recalculation and constraint schemes, multiple view consistency, and undo-redo, versioning and cooperative work facilities. Applications of the new architecture to user interface, graphical editor and programming environment construction are described.
Hyperactivity with Agitative-Like Behavior in a Mouse Tauopathy Model (2015)

Tauopathies, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), are characterized by formation of neurofibrillary tangles consisting of hyperphosphorylated tau. In addition to memory loss, patients experience behavioral symptoms such as agitation, aggression, depression, and insomnia. We explored the behavioral phenotype of a mouse model (rTg4510) carrying the human tau P301L mutation found in a familial form of FTD. We tested these mice in locomotor activity assays as well as in the Morris water maze to access spatial memory. In addition to cognitive impairments, rTg4510 mice exhibited a hyperactivity phenotype which correlated with progression of tau pathology and was dependent on P301L tau transgene expression. The hyperactive phenotype was characterized by significantly increased locomotor activity in a novel and in a simulated home cage environment together with a disturbed day/night cycle. The P301L-tau-dependent hyperactivity and agitative-like phenotype suggests that these mice may form a correlate to some of the behavioral disturbances observed in advanced AD and FTD.
Tumor necrosis factor and the acute metabolic response to tissue injury in man. (1988)

Tumor necrosis factor (cachectin), a protein produced by monocytes and macrophages, has been implicated as an important mediator of the lethal effects of endotoxic shock and the cachexia of chronic infection. Recombinant human tumor necrosis factor alpha (rTNF) was given intravenously to patients as part of an antineoplastic trial. Fever, tachycardia, and at higher doses, hypotension occurred after a single injection of rTNF. Metabolic effects after rTNF administration were dose related and included enhanced energy expenditure with elevated CO2 production, increased whole body protein metabolism and peripheral amino acid efflux from the forearm, and decreased total arterial amino acid levels associated with a significant increase in plasma cortisol. Elevated serum triglycerides, as well as increased glycerol and free fatty acid turnover were seen, suggesting increased whole body lipolysis and fat utilization after rTNF. These findings indicate that administration of TNF in man reproduces many of the acute physiologic and metabolic responses to tissue injury, including energy substrate mobilization.
Ex vivo detection and characterization of early dental caries by optical coherence tomography and Raman spectroscopy (2005)

Early dental caries detection will facilitate implementation of nonsurgical methods for arresting caries progression and promoting tooth remineralization. We present a method that combines optical coherence tomography (OCT) and Raman spectroscopy to provide morphological information and biochemical specificity for detecting and characterizing incipient carious lesions found in extracted human teeth. OCT imaging of tooth samples demonstrated increased light backscattering intensity at sites of carious lesions as compared to the sound enamel. The observed lesion depth on an OCT image was approximately 290 microm matching those previously documented for incipient caries. Using Raman microspectroscopy and fiber-optic-based Raman spectroscopy to characterize the caries further, spectral changes were observed in PO4 (3-) vibrations arising from hydroxyapatite of mineralized tooth tissue. Examination of various ratios of PO4 (3-) nu2, nu3, nu4 vibrations against the nu1 vibration showed consistent increases in carious lesions compared to sound enamel. The changes were attributed to demineralization-induced alterations of enamel crystallite morphology and/or orientation. OCT imaging is useful for screening carious sites and determining lesion depth, with Raman spectroscopy providing biochemical confirmation of caries. The combination has potential for development into a new fiber-optic diagnostic tool enabling dentists to identify early caries lesions with greater sensitivity and specificity.
A Natural History of FUT2 Polymorphism in Humans (2009)

Because pathogens are powerful selective agents, host-cell surface molecules used by pathogens as identification signals can reveal the signature of selection. Most of them are oligosaccharides, synthesized by glycosyltransferases. One known example is balancing selection shaping ABO evolution as a consequence of both, A and B antigens being recognized as receptors by some pathogens, and anti-A and/or anti-B natural antibodies produced by hosts conferring protection against the numerous infectious agents expressing A and B motifs. These antigens can also be found in tissues other than blood if there is activity of another enzyme, FUT2, a fucosyltransferase responsible for ABO biosynthesis in body fluids. Homozygotes for null variants at this locus present the nonsecretor phenotype (se), because they cannot express ABO antigens in secretions. Multiple independent mutations have been shown to be responsible for the nonsecretor phenotype, which is coexisting with the secretor phenotype in most populations. In this study, we have resequenced the coding region of FUT2 in 732 individuals from 39 worldwide human populations. We report a complex pattern of natural selection acting on the gene. Although frequencies of secretor and nonsecretor phenotypes are similar in different populations, the point mutations at the base of the phenotypes are different, with some variants showing a long history of balancing selection among Eurasian and African populations, and one recent variant showing a fast spread in East Asia, likely due to positive selection. Thus, a convergent phenotype composition has been achieved through different mutations with different evolutionary histories.
Highly Selective Synthesis of CO<sub>2</sub> Copolymer from Styrene Oxide (2010)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTHighly Selective Synthesis of CO2 Copolymer from Styrene OxideGuang-Peng Wu†, Sheng-Hsuan Wei‡, Xiao-Bing Lu*†, Wei-Min Ren†, and Donald J. Darensbourg*‡View Author Information† State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, China‡ Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States *Corresponding authors. E-mail: [email protected] (X.-B.L.); [email protected] (D.J.D.).Cite this: Macromolecules 2010, 43, 21, 9202–9204Publication Date (Web):October 13, 2010Publication History Received21 September 2010Revised28 September 2010Published online13 October 2010Published inissue 9 November 2010https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma1021456https://doi.org/10.1021/ma1021456brief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 2010 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4212Altmetric-Citations134LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Catalysts,Inorganic carbon compounds,Oxides,Styrenes,Thermoresponsive polymers Get e-Alerts
The constrained via minimization problem for PCB and VLSI design (1988)

A novel via minimization approach is presented for two-layer routing of printed-circuit boards and VLSI chips. The authors have analyzed and characterized different aspects of the problem and derived an equivalent graph model for the problem from the linear-programming formulation. Based on the analysis of their unified formulation, the authors pose a practical heuristic algorithm. The algorithm can handle both grid-based and gridless routing. Also, an arbitrary number of wires is allowed to intersect at a via, and both Manhattan and knock-knee routings are allowed. >
SUPPORT FOR GROUP AWARENESS IN REAL-TIME DESKTOP CONFERENCES (1995)

Real-time desktop conferencing systems are multi-user computer applications that allow physically distant people to work together in a shared virtual space at the same time. These systems do not yet provide the rich communication and awareness that are possible in a face-to-face interaction. One of the elements lacking in desktop conferencing is \fIgroup awareness\fR- the up-to-the-minute knowledge of other people's activities that is required for an individual to coordinate and complete their part of a group task. This paper describes our initial investigations into computer support for group awareness. We present a framework for thinking about the concept that divides awareness into physical, task, and social environments, and then uses a proximity space to categorise group situations in terms of group awareness. From the framework, we have designed and built several \fIawareness widgets\fR for use in a groupware toolkit. These widgets assist conference participants in staying aware of others' locations when their views are separated, of others' task activities in shared and separate view situations, and of their past activities in semi-synchronous situations.
Detection and quantification of alkaline phosphatase in single cells of phosphorus-starved marine phytoplankton (1998)

Alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity in marine and freshwater phytoplankton has been associated with phosphorus (P) limitation whereby the enzyme functions in the breakdown of exogenous organic P con~pounds to utilizable inorganic forms. Current enzyme assays to determine the P status of the phytoplankton measure only the AP activity of the whole community and do not yield information on ~ndiv~dual species. A new insoluble fluorogenic substrate for AP, termed ELF (Enzyme-Labeled Fluorescence), yields a stable, highly fluorescent precipitate at the site of enzyme act~vity and thus has the capability to determine the P status of indimdual cells. In t h ~s study, ELF was utilized for in situ detection and quantification of AP in marine phytoplankton cultures and a comparison was made between the insoluble ELF substrate and several soluble AP substrates [3-0-methylfluorescein phosphate (MFP), 3,6-fluorescein diphosphate (FDP) and Attophos]. Non-axenic batch cultures of Alexandrium fundyense, Arnphidln~um sp, and Isochrysis galbana were grown in different media types using orthophosphate as an inorganic source and sodium-glycerophosphate as an organic source, with final phosphate concentrations ranging from 38.3 to 3 p M (i.e. f/2, f/40, f/80, plus ambient P). Epifluorescence microscopy was used to determine if and where the cells were labeled with ELF, while flow cytometry was used to quantify the amount of ELF retained on individual cells. The detection of the soluble substrates utilized a multiwell fluorescence plate reader (CytofluorTh4). Only cells grown in low phosphate concentrations (f/40, f/80) exhibited the bright green fluorescence signal of the ELF precip-Itate. This signal was always observed for P-starved Amphidiniurn sp. and I galbana cells, but was seen in some A, fundyense cells only during the late stationary phase. Cells grown in high phosphate concentrations (i.e. at f/2 levels) showed no ELF fluorescence. Slightly positive soluble substrate assays suggest that these species may have produced small amounts of AP constitutively that were not detected with the precipitable substrate. Similar results were obtained when the cultures were analyzed by flow cytometry. Except for A. fundyense, cells grown In low phosphate concentrations showed high ELF fluorescence. However, no positive ELF fluorescence was detected with the Cytofluor for all 3 species due to lack of instrument sensitivity. Comparable analysis using the soluble substrates MFP, FDP, and Att~phos-l-~' on the Cytofluor showed little activity for A , fundyense, but high fluorescence for P-starved Amphldiniun? sp. and I. galbana. Insoluble ELF thus provides a means to detect and quantify AP in individual cells using visual observations or flow cytometry. This technique offers a new level of resolution and sensitivity at the single cell level that can provide insights into the P nutrition of phytoplankton and other microorganisms in natural waters.
Novobiocin-induced VP-16 accumulation and MRP expression in human leukemia and ovarian carcinoma cells. (2000)

We have previously reported that novobiocin potentiates the cytotoxic activity of etoposide (VP-16) and teniposide (VM-26) in a number of experimental tumor cell lines by inhibition of the efflux of the epipodophyllotoxins by an ATP-requiring transporter. In leukemia cells from 12/19 patients and in ovarian carcinoma cells from 2/4 patients, novobiocin, in a concentration range of 150-1000 microM, increased the intracellular accumulation of VP-16 by 30-250% by inhibiting its efflux. Novobiocin did not significantly increase the intracellular concentration of VP-16 in human mononuclear bone marrow cells from two individuals with normal bone marrow, suggesting that it might be possible to selectively modulate the intracellular accumulation of the epipodophyllotoxin in tumor cells relative to normal hematopoietic tissue. Previous findings from our laboratory have provided evidence that the membrane transporter for VP-16 which is inhibited by novobiocin is distinct from the P-glycoprotein. The expression of MRP, measured by immunoblotting, was variable in novobiocin-responsive and non-responsive leukemia cells, indicating that no direct relationship existed between the modulatory activity of novobiocin on the transport of VP-16 and the expression of the MRP gene. The findings indicate that the novobiocin-sensitive VP-16 transporter is (i) present in high frequency in leukemia and ovarian carcinoma cells, and (ii) probably not the P-glycoprotein or MRP.
Performance, Power Efficiency and Scalability of Asymmetric Cluster Chip Multiprocessors (2006)

This paper evaluates asymmetric cluster chip multiprocessor (ACCMP) architectures as a mechanism to achieve the highest performance for a given power budget. ACCMPs execute serial phases of multithreaded programs on large high-performance cores whereas parallel phases are executed on a mix of large and many small simple cores. Theoretical analysis reveals a performance upper bound for symmetric multiprocessors, which is surpassed by asymmetric configurations at certain power ranges. Our emulations show that asymmetric multiprocessors can reduce power consumption by more than two thirds with similar performance compared to symmetric multiprocessors
From Sensors to Silencers: Quinoline- and Benzimidazole-Sulfonamides as Inhibitors for Zinc Proteases (2010)

Derived from the extensive work in the area of small molecule zinc(II) ion sensors, chelating fragment libraries of quinoline- and benzimidazole-sulfonamides have been prepared and screened against several different zinc(II)-dependent matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). The fragments show impressive inhibition of these metalloenzymes and preferences for different MMPs based on the nature of the chelating group. The findings show that focused chelator libraries are a powerful strategy for the discovery of lead fragments for metalloprotein inhibition.
A rank criterion for QAM space-time codes (2002)

Sufficient conditions to ensure QAM space-time codes achieve full space diversity in a quasi-static fading channel are presented. The conditions are on code words or generator matrices instead of on every code word pair. This greatly simplifies the construction of full space diversity codes.
Burn Wound Coverings (1978)

Few injuries are more traumatic to the victim than a burn. To assist in preventing further damage beyond the burn site, a range of burn wound coverings has emerged over the years. These wound coverings, both natural and synthetic are discussed in connection with their historical significance and their effects on promoting the healing process. Particular reference is made to the choice of material for synthetic wound coverings.
Cloning, expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of variants of monoamine oxidase from<i>Aspergillus niger</i> (2008)

Monoamine oxidase from Aspergillus niger (MAO-N) is an FAD-dependent enzyme that catalyses the conversion of terminal amines to their corresponding aldehydes. Variants of MAO-N produced by directed evolution have been shown to possess altered substrate specificity. Crystals of two of these variants (MAO-N-3 and MAO-N-5) have been obtained; the former displays P2(1) symmetry with eight molecules per asymmetric unit and the latter has P4(1)2(1)2 or P4(3)2(1)2 symmetry and two molecules per asymmetric unit. Solution of these structures will help shed light on the molecular determinants of improved activity and high enantioselectivity towards a broad range of substrates.
Limonene hydroperoxide analogues differ in allergenic activity (2008)

The results support that hydroperoxides have a specific reactivity indicating that oxygen-centred radicals are important in hapten-protein complex formation of hydroperoxides. The primary oxidation products of ox. limonene, the hydroperoxides, have an important impact on the sensitizing capacity of the oxidation mixture.
Analysis of the genome of an Australian isolate of sugarcane bacilliform badnavirus. (2001)

The genome of an Australian isolate of Sugarcane bacilliform badnavirus (SCBV-IM) was cloned, sequenced and analysed. The genome was 7687 nucleotides in length and contained three open reading frames which were similar in size and organisation to those found in other badnaviruses. SCBV-IM was most similar to the SCBV-Morocco isolate with 83%, 72%. and 73% similiarity in the ORF I, 11 and I11 coding regions respectively. Phylogenetic analysis using the SCBV-IM ORF I11 amino acid sequence indicated that the SCBV isolates sequenced to date are more closely related to each other than to other badnaviruses, supporting their grouping as a viral species. In contrast, PCRamplification of SCBV sequences from three different isolates has revealed considerable variability is present in the SCBV viral populations, suggesting that the SCBV isolates cloned and sequenced for analysis may not be representative of the population.
Preparation of Visible-Light-Responsive TiO<sub>2</sub><sub>-</sub><i><sub>x</sub></i>N<i><sub>x</sub></i> Photocatalyst by a Sol−Gel Method:  Analysis of the Active Center on TiO<sub>2</sub> that Reacts with NH<sub>3</sub> (2005)

Active reaction centers for ammonia on titanium oxyhydroxide were explored to direct the search for an efficient sol-gel method for the synthesis of a titanium oxynitride (TiO2-xNx) sample with an efficient responsiveness to the visible light constituting a main part of the solar spectrum. The results lead to the conclusion that the site giving IR bands at around 2195 cm(-1) for the adsorbed CO molecules at 300 K is a reactive site and behaves as Lewis acid site in the coordination environment of distorted five-coordinate Ti4+ ions. Ammonia molecules are adsorbed on such a site to form -NH2 and -OH species during the heat treatments at a temperature above 373 K, and they are ultimately incorporated into the TiO2 lattice as nitride through the dehydration at higher temperatures of up to 723 K, resulting in the formation of an anatase type of TiO2-xNx.
Automated discovery of search interfaces on the web (2003)

Web search engines work well for finding crawlable pages, but not for finding datasets hidden behind Web search forms. We describe a novel technique for detecting search forms, which could be the basis for a next-generation distributed search application. We use automatic feature generation to describe candidate forms and C4.5 decision trees to classify them. In two testbeds, we get an accuracy of more than 85% and a precision of more than 87%. One of our decision trees is effective on both testbeds, suggesting that it is a useful general-purpose tree.
Helios expression defines two distinct populations of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (2016)

Abstract The transcription factor Helios is expressed in a subset of Foxp3+ Tregs and we have proposed that Helios is a marker of thymic derived Treg (tTreg). Other studies have suggested that Helios is primarily a marker of T cell activation. In order to study the two Treg subpopulations, we have generated Helios-GFP reporter mice and crossed them to Foxp3-RFP reporter mice. The expression pattern of Helios in the reporter mice is similar to that detected by intracellular staining. When Foxp3+ Helios+ and Foxp3+ Helios− were isolated by FACS and transferred to normal mice, both phenotypes were stable. Both populations expressed a highly demethylated TSDR. A comparison of the two populations using RNA-Seq demonstrated 600 differentially expressed genes (500 higher in Helios+, 100 higher in Helios−). The Helios+ population expressed a more activated (Ly-6C−) phenotype and had slightly higher suppressive capability in vitro. Both subsets were equivalent in their ability to suppress IBD in vivo, but the Helios+ subset was more effective in the protection of RAG−/− mice from disease induced by transfer of splenocytes from scurfy mice. Thus, Helios expression can differentiate two distinct populations of Treg and may differentiate peripherally derived Treg (pTreg) from tTreg. This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, NIAID.
Simultaneous Extraction of DNA and RNA from Hepatocellular Carcinoma (Hep G2) Based on Silica-Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles (2017)

Nucleic acid (NA) extraction from cancer cells is an essential step in molecular oncologic testing. The conventional NA extraction protocols, based on several ultracentrifugation steps, suffer from time-consuming and complex manipulation. Here, a magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) based method for simultaneous extraction of DNA and RNA from cancer cells is described. This MNP based technique has received great attention and significant interest due to its convenient manipulation, low cost and ease for automation. Different factors including lysis buffer, ethanol, MNPs and washing buffers which may affect the yield of nucleic acid were optimized. The average yield of DNA and RNA obtained from 1 mL Hep G2 (˜106 cells) ranged from 9.7 to 14.7 μg with A260/A280 values between 1.68 and 2.01. The isolated DNA and RNA, using this method, were suitable for downstream activities such as PCR and RT-PCR.