gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Machine Learning for Misfire Detection in a Dynamic Skip Fire Engine (2018)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Dynamic skip fire (DSF) has shown significant fuel economy improvements via reduction of pumping losses that generally affect throttled spark-ignition engines. For production readiness, DSF engines must meet regulations for on-board diagnostics (OBD-II), which require detection and monitoring of misfire in all passenger vehicles powered by an internal combustion engine. Numerous misfire detection methods found in the literature, such as those using peak crankshaft angular acceleration, are generally not suitable for DSF engines due to added complexity of skipping cylinders. Specifically, crankshaft acceleration traces may change abruptly as the firing sequence changes. This article presents a novel method for misfire detection in a DSF engine using machine learning and artificial neural networks.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Two machine learning approaches are presented. The first method uses a regression-based artificial neural network to calculate expected crank acceleration from various inputs, including fire-skip sequence. The method then compares the output to measured crank acceleration to detect misfire. The second method uses an expanded neural network, which includes the measured crank acceleration as an additional input, to directly predict misfire flags. On-road validation tests of both detection algorithms were carried under steady-state and transient conditions. Results show detection rates above 95% at all tested conditions. Overall, machine learning significantly improved quality and robustness of misfire detection in DSF engines by making use of greater variety of modeling input parameters.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
An improved planar balun design for wireless microwave and RF applications (2002)

The high frequency balun network is a vital component in the realization of certain RF and microwave system topologies, especially in wireless communication system architectures. This paper describes an improved compact coupled microstrip line design for use primarily in the exploding portable wireless market. The two main advantages of the design are that its size is a fraction of the standard /spl lambda//4 coupled line design, and that it exhibits an extremely tight coupling of /spl sim/4 dB. The design technique is illustrated by presentation of computed and measured data on a /spl sim/0.9 GHz realization developed for wireless applications.
Two-stage supercharging with Comprex (1982)

In the effort of increasing power density and thermal efficiency of vehicular engines, supercharging to higher manifold pressures is discussed. A high engine torque over a wide speed range and an immediate response to load increase demands can be met utilizing turbo-supercharging only in the case of complex control features, such as demonstrated with the Hyperbar system. 5 refs.
Organic Triplet Sensitizer Library Derived from a Single Chromophore (BODIPY) with Long-Lived Triplet Excited State for Triplet–Triplet Annihilation Based Upconversion (2011)

Triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) based upconversions are attractive as a result of their readily tunable excitation/emission wavelength, low excitation power density, and high upconversion quantum yield. For TTA upconversion, triplet sensitizers and acceptors are combined to harvest the irradiation energy and to acquire emission at higher energy through triplet-triplet energy transfer (TTET) and TTA processes. Currently the triplet sensitizers are limited to the phosphorescent transition metal complexes, for which the tuning of UV-vis absorption and T(1) excited state energy level is difficult. Herein for the first time we proposed a library of organic triplet sensitizers based on a single chromophore of boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY). The organic sensitizers show intense UV-vis absorptions at 510-629 nm (ε up to 180,000 M(-1) cm(-1)). Long-lived triplet excited state (τ(T) up to 66.3 μs) is populated upon excitation of the sensitizers, proved by nanosecond time-resolved transient difference absorption spectra and DFT calculations. With perylene or 1-chloro-9,10-bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene (1CBPEA) as the triplet acceptors, significant upconversion (Φ(UC) up to 6.1%) was observed for solution samples and polymer films, and the anti-Stokes shift was up to 0.56 eV. Our results pave the way for the design of organic triplet sensitizers and their applications in photovoltaics and upconversions, etc.
Excitation of dielectric barrier discharges by unipolar submicrosecond square pulses (2001)

Dielectric barrier discharges (DBDs) are self-extinguishing discharges due to charge accumulation on dielectric surfaces. In order to take advantage of these surface charges also at a low repetition frequency, high-voltage unipolar square pulses (amplitude up to 15 kV, rise and fall time less than 20 ns) are applied to drive DBDs. For electrical diagnostics of this novel excitation method, a temporally dynamic model for diffuse DBDs is introduced, from which equations were derived which allow the calculation of internal electrical quantities in the discharge gap from measured external electrical quantities. It was found, following a primary discharge at the rising front or at the top of the voltage pulse, that a secondary discharge is induced at the end of the falling voltage flank without simultaneously consuming energy from the external circuit. The energy needed is provided by the accumulated surface and space charges left by the primary discharge, which are totally or partially lost under normal low-frequency sine or square wave excitation. Secondary discharges are observed in a wide range of electrode configurations, gases and gas pressures for both homogeneous and filamentary discharges. In the case of filamentary modes, secondary discharges are found to develop along the remaining channels of the preceding primary discharges. Experiments for ozone synthesis show an improved energy efficiency of 8-9 eV per ozone molecule, which is about 30% better than that achieved with sine wave excitation.
Solar drying characteristics of papaya (<i>Carica papaya</i>) latex (1989)

Abstract Dripped, congealed and a mixture of dripped and congealed papaya latexes of varying charge sizes were dried in a rock‐bed solar dryer over a temperature range of 40–60°C. The time taken for the fresh latex to dry from an initial moisture content of between 73 and 80% (wet basis) to an equilibrium moisture content of between 6 and 8% varied from about 1·5 to 36 h depending upon the charge size. The latex, whether dripped or congealed, dried as pale yellow flakes which could easily be powdered and had a proteolytic activity slightly higher than that of the fresh latex.
A Convenient Large Scale Synthesis of 4-Cyano-2-butene-1-ol (1996)

Abstract An easy two step synthesis of 4-cyano-2-butene-1-ol is described.
A practical cone beam artifact correction algorithm (2002)

Cone beam reconstruction has been the focus of many studies. One of the most widely referenced and used algorithms for a circular trajectory is the Feldkamp algorithm. The advantage of the algorithm is its simplicity of implementation, efficiency in computation, and close resemblance to the well-known filtered backprojection algorithm for fan beam and parallel beam reconstruction. The algorithm is effective in terms of combating some of the cone beam artifacts. However, when high-density objects are placed off the center plane (the fan beam plane), severe shading artifact will result. In the paper, we propose a two-pass cone beam reconstruction scheme. The algorithm is based on the observation that to a first order approximation, the high-density object reconstructed with the Feldkamp algorithm is accurate. The shading and streaking artifacts near the high-density objects are caused mainly by the incomplete sampling of the circular trajectory. Therefore, we can use the reconstructed images with Feldkamp algorithm as the basis for error estimation. The final images are produced by removing error images from the first-pass images.
The minimum description length principle in coding and modeling (1998)

We review the principles of minimum description length and stochastic complexity as used in data compression and statistical modeling. Stochastic complexity is formulated as the solution to optimum universal coding problems extending Shannon's basic source coding theorem. The normalized maximized likelihood, mixture, and predictive codings are each shown to achieve the stochastic complexity to within asymptotically vanishing terms. We assess the performance of the minimum description length criterion both from the vantage point of quality of data compression and accuracy of statistical inference. Context tree modeling, density estimation, and model selection in Gaussian linear regression serve as examples.
Individual Variation in the Germline Ig Gene Repertoire Inferred from Variable Region Gene Rearrangements (2010)

Individual variation in the Ig germline gene repertoire leads to individual differences in the combinatorial diversity of the Ab repertoire, but the study of such variation has been problematic. The application of high-throughput DNA sequencing to the study of rearranged Ig genes now makes this possible. The sequencing of thousands of VDJ rearrangements from an individual, either from genomic DNA or expressed mRNA, should allow their germline IGHV, IGHD, and IGHJ repertoires to be inferred. In addition, where previously mere glimpses of diversity could be gained from sequencing studies, new large data sets should allow the rearrangement frequency of different genes and alleles to be seen with clarity. We analyzed the DNA of 108,210 human IgH chain rearrangements from 12 individuals and determined their individual IGH genotypes. The number of reportedly functional IGHV genes and allelic variants ranged from 45 to 60, principally because of variable levels of gene heterozygosity, and included 14 previously unreported IGHV polymorphisms. New polymorphisms of the IGHD3-16 and IGHJ6 genes were also seen. At heterozygous loci, remarkably different rearrangement frequencies were seen for the various IGHV alleles, and these frequencies were consistent between individuals. The specific alleles that make up an individual's Ig genotype may therefore be critical in shaping the combinatorial repertoire. The extent of genotypic variation between individuals is highlighted by an individual with aplastic anemia who appears to lack six contiguous IGHD genes on both chromosomes. These deletions significantly alter the potential expressed IGH repertoire, and possibly immune function, in this individual.
Comparative meta-analysis of the effect of Lactobacillus species on weight gain in humans and animals (2012)

Different Lactobacillus species are associated different effects on weight change that are host-specific. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of Lactobacillus species in the human energy harvest and weight regulation. Attention should be drawn to the potential effects of commonly marketed lactobacillus-containing probiotics on weight gain.
Interaction of troponin subunits. The interaction between the inhibitory and tropomyosin-binding subunits. (1979)

The interaction of troponin-I and troponin-T was demonstrated by circular dichroism and gel filtration. Troponin-I gives a negative circular dichroism band between 300 and 260 nm while troponin-T gives two weak positive bands, one at 290 nm and the other at 263 nm. When troponin-I and troponin-T were mixed, the complex produced a strong negative circular dichroism band with a maximum around 280 nm. This band was most intense with a molar ratio of troponin-T to troponin-I of 1:1. The intensity of the band was 2.4 times that expected from the separate components. The interaction was independent of salt concentration from 0.15 to 0.5 M KCl. Gel filtration on Sephacryl S-200 showed that a stable 1:1 complex was formed between troponin-T and troponin-I. When troponin-C was added to the complex of troponin-T.troponin-I; the reconstituted troponin had a circular dichroism spectrum identical to that of native troponin. The oxidation state of troponin-I was important in reconstituting troponin. Oxidized troponin-I produced less change in the near ultraviolet circular dichroism when added to troponin-T and the troponin-C than did reduced troponin-I. This showed the subunits were not assembled correctly with oxidized troponin-I. When the reconstituted complex was reduced, the circular dichroism was restored to that of native troponin. Troponin reconstituted with oxidized troponin-I did not confer calcium sensitivity on actomyosin ATPase; activity was restored by reducing the complex.
Bending Loss in Multimode Fibers with Graded and Ungraded Core Index (1972)

Parabolic grading of the core index in a multimode fiber (Selfoc) diminishes mode dispersion and interface loss. This paper shows that this grading affects the mode volume and the loss in bends very little, if the index difference of the graded core (between the core axis and the cladding) is twice that of the homogeneous core. Curvature radii of several centimeters are tolerable. Mode coupling (or ray deflection) in random bends is slightly decreased by grading. Both the graded and the homogeneous multimode fiber are particularly sensitive to certain critical deviations of the guide axis from straightness. These deviations must be less than avoided. a fraction of a micrometer in order that catastrophic mode loss be avoided.
Structure and properties of ethylene ionomers neutralized with binary metal cations (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructure and properties of ethylene ionomers neutralized with binary metal cationsHitoshi Tachino, Hisaaki Hara, Eisaku Hirasawa, Shoichi Kutsumizu, and Shinichi YanoCite this: Macromolecules 1994, 27, 2, 372–378Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00080a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00080a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views460Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Partially depleted SOI dynamic threshold MOSFET for low-voltage and microwave applications (2003)

In this paper, the performances of a SOI Dynamic Threshold MOSFET (DTMOS) are presented for both low and high frequency and are compared with conventional MOSFET. For the first time, a difference between the DC and RF transconductance of a silicon-based device has been observed. Preliminary explanations of this phenomenon are proposed.
Alloy and Temper Designation Systems for Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys (1990)

Abstract A four-digit numerical designation system is used to identify wrought aluminum and aluminum alloys. In addition to providing a detailed account of the temper designation system for aluminum and aluminum alloys, this article describes wrought and cast aluminum and aluminum alloy designations. It also tabulates the grade designations and compositions of wrought and cast aluminum and aluminum alloys. The article provides information on cross-referencing of aluminum wrought and ingot/cast products according to composition, per the Aluminum Association, Unified Numbering System (UNS) and International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards.
Effect of mild hypothermia on nicorandil-induced vasodilation of pial arterioles in cats (2001)

Nicorandil-induced vasodilation of cerebral pial arterioles was not affected by mild hypothermia. By contrast, mild hypothermia significantly attenuated nitroglycerin-induced vasodilation and enhanced cromakalim-induced vasodilation.
Fieldbus brings protocol to process control (1996)

Recognizing the harvest to be reaped from a standardized interface for interconnecting their wares, the makers of electronic test and measuring instruments long ago devised the arrangement now known as the Standard Digital Interface for Programmable Instrumentation, or IEEE Standard 488. Movers and shakers in the world of process control saw things differently, as a consequence, that industry still lacks a common digital interface for connecting field devices (pumps, valves, temperature transmitters, and so on) to a system controller. This state of affairs is about to change. For a variety of business reasons, companies now appear ready to embrace an industry-wide standard for what has become known as a fieldbus-an all-digital communication network for connecting process instrumentation to controllers. Many candidate systems are under development, indeed some are in use outside the formal standards process. One bus, however, looks well positioned to become an industry standard-the Foundation fieldbus (trade-marked as the FOUNDATION fieldbus). Still under development by the Fieldbus Foundation, Austin, Texas, it has a particular focus on interoperability. Key functional aspects of the Foundation fieldbus ensure that compliant field devices can easily share data and execute standard functions in a control system.
Protéines spécifiques de la gestation chez les ruminants (1988)

The bovine conceptus produces numerous signals during early pregnancy but at the present time only one protein (PSPB; pregnancy specific protein B) is detectable in the peripheral blood during the first 30 days of pregnancy. Validation criteria of the RIA for bovine PSPB have been described by Sasser et al. (1986). This review presents the results obtained in ruminants with this assay. In the bovine PSPB concentrations rise continuously during pregnancy. This protein is found in all pregnant animals at 30 days post Al. Among cows with late embryonic mortality (i.e. with high progesterone concentrations on day 21-24) only 30% present detectable PSPB concentrations between 24 and 30 days post Al. When Al are performed before 70 days post-partum, residual post- partum PSPB concentrations (from the previous pregnancy) the day of Al lowers the accuracy of positive results when PSPB RIA is used as a pregnancy test. In sheep and goat the PSPB profiles throughout pregnancy are very similar to the profile observed in the cattle. In these species the PSPB RIA may be used as a pregnancy test after 26 days post Al. In ruminants, measurement of both progesterone and PSPB in peripheral blood plasma or serum can be very useful to study the way in which various factors may chronologically affect embryonic mortality.
Wound-induced proteinase inhibitors from tomato leaves. II. The cDNA-deduced primary structure of pre-inhibitor II. (1985)

A cDNA containing the complete amino acid-coding region of wound-induced tomato Inhibitor II was constructed in the plasmid pUC9. The open reading frame codes for 148 amino acids including a 25-amino acid signal sequence preceding the N-terminal lysine of the mature Inhibitor II. The Inhibitor II sequence exhibits two domains, one domain having a trypsin inhibitory site and the other a chymotrypsin inhibitory site, apparently evolved from a smaller gene by a process of gene duplication and elongation. The amino acid sequence of tomato leaf Inhibitor II exhibits homology with two small proteinase inhibitors isolated from potato tuber and an inhibitor from eggplant. The small potato tuber inhibitors are homologous with 33 amino acids of the N-terminal domain and 19 amino acids from the C-terminal domain. Two identical nucleotide sequences of Inhibitor II cDNA in the 3' noncoding region were present that were also found in an Inhibitor I cDNA. These include an atypical polyadenylation signal, AATAAG, and a 10-base palindromic sequence, CATTATAATG, for which no function is yet known.
Targeting CDK4 and CDK6: From Discovery to Therapy (2015)

Rapidly emerging data with selective inhibitors of CDK4/6 have validated these cell-cycle kinases as anticancer drug targets, corroborating longstanding preclinical predictions. This review addresses the discovery of these CDKs and their regulators, as well as translation of CDK4/6 biology to positive clinical outcomes and development of rational combinatorial therapies.
Evaluation of the performance of Hartmann sensors in strong scintillation (2002)

A simulation study is presented that evaluates the performance of Hartmann wave-front sensors with measurements obtained with the Fried geometry and the Hutchin geometry. Performance is defined in terms of the Strehl ratio achieved when the estimate of the complex field obtained from reconstruction is used to correct the distorted wave front presented to the wave-front sensor. A series of evaluations is performed to identify the strengths and the weaknesses of Hartmann sensors used in each of the two geometries in the two-dimensional space of the Fried parameter r0 and the Rytov parameter. We found that the performance of Hartmann sensors degrades severely when the Rytov number exceeds 0.2 and the ratio l/r0 exceeds 1/4 (where l is the subaperture side length) because of the presence of branch points in the phase function and the effect of amplitude scintillation on the measurement values produced by the Hartmann sensor.
Preservation and Expansion of the Primate Keratocyte Phenotype by Downregulating TGF-β Signaling in a Low-Calcium, Serum-Free Medium (2006)

The normal monkey keratocyte phenotype can be maintained in a low-calcium, serum-free medium by downregulating Smad-mediated TGF-beta signaling.