gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quality of service routing in ad hoc networks (2002)

Current generation routing protocols for ad hoc networks typically use shortest path routing. Examples include on-demand routing protocols such as DSR and AODV. All these protocols can support only the best-effort data traffic, but the quality of service (QoS) requirements, such as delay, packet loss and bandwidth requirements are not supported. In the wireline networks such as ATM, QoS routing has been studied extensively. Due to dynamic nature of ad hoc networks owing to mobility and varying radio link conditions, the available state of information is never precise, and consequently, we cannot directly apply the traditional wireline QoS routing algorithms. Soft QoS without hard guarantees is explored here. Previous work in QoS routing in ad hoc networks is reported by Chen and Nahrstedt (see IEEE journal on Selected Areas in Communication, 1999), where delay and bandwidth constrained QoS routing were studied separately. The uncertainty was handled using a deterministic model. The algorithms developed in this paper accommodate imprecise state information. Fuzzy logic is a well recognized technique for modeling imprecision. A rule based fuzzy logic model is used to describe imprecise state information. Delay constraints are considered here in finding feasible routes (paths). Among feasible paths, optimal path (least cost path) is found using hop count as a performance measure. In case of re-routing, sub-optimal paths are found using the same performance measure.
Impulse capacitor discharge welding of hollow structure made of nickel-base alloy (2007)

Future steam turbines will use hollow structures so that the turbine inlet temperature can be increased to improve the thermal efficiency. These hollow structures are made of the nickel-base alloy Nicrofer 6025 HT and consist of a wire mesh between two cover sheets. The cover sheets can be joined to the wire mesh by capacitor discharge welding due to its extremely short welding duration. The goal of this research is to investigate suitable welding parameters so that the weld spots form in an optimum way to increase the tensile shear strength and reduce spattering. Tensile shear tests, three-point bending tests, and micrographs were used to judge the joint quality of structures made with various welding parameters. The results show that the best welds are obtained with a transmission ratio of 1 :200, welding energy of 70% to 95%, and electrode force of 7 to 9 MPa.
In vivo antigen presentation by both brain parenchymal cells and hematopoietically derived cells during the induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. (1993)

A fundamental issue in the etiology of autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system such as multiple sclerosis and its animal counterpart experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) concerns the identity of cells capable of presenting autoantigen to the T cells that mediate these diseases. The prevailing dogma is that only bone marrow-derived cells function as APC during EAE induction. We have addressed this issue by studying EAE induction in mouse bone marrow chimeras, and have found that although bone marrow-derived APC such as macrophages and brain microglial cells are more efficient at presenting autoantigen, brain parenchymal cells such as astrocytes and endothelial cells are also capable of inducing disease. EAE was induced in these chimeras by the adoptive transfer of encephalitogenic T cell lines designed to be MHC-histocompatible with APC contained either within the hematopoietic system of the chimera or with APC resident to the brain of the chimera. The subsequent development of EAE in these chimeras then indicated which population of cells served as in vivo APC during EAE pathogenesis. Possible effects of alloreactivity between the host chimera and the adoptively transferred T cells were eliminated by using encephalitogenic T cell lines made tolerant to the haplotype(s) of the recipient chimera.
Mechanism of inactivation on prion conversion of the <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> Ure2 protein (2002)

The [URE3] infectious protein (prion) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a self-propagating amyloid form of Ure2p. The C-terminal domain of Ure2p controls nitrogen catabolism by complexing with the transcription factor, Gln3p, whereas the asparagine-rich N-terminal "prion" domain is responsible for amyloid filament formation (prion conversion). On filament formation, Ure2p is inactivated, reflecting either a structural change in the C-terminal domain or steric blocking of its interaction with Gln3p. We fused the prion domain with four proteins whose activities should not be sterically impeded by aggregation because their substrates are very small: barnase, carbonic anhydrase, glutathione S-transferase, and green fluorescent protein. All formed amyloid filaments in vitro, whose diameters increased with the mass of the appended enzyme. The helical repeat lengths were consistent within a single filament but varied with the construct and between filaments from a single construct. CD data suggest that, in the soluble fusion proteins, the prion domain has no regular secondary structure, whereas earlier data showed that in filaments, it is virtually all beta-sheet. In filaments, the activity of the appended proteins was at most mildly reduced, when substrate diffusion effects were taken into account, indicating that they retained their native structures. These observations suggest that the amyloid content of these filaments is confined to their prion domain-containing backbones and imply that Ure2p is inactivated in [URE3] cells by a steric blocking mechanism.
Synthesis of the aldehyde of oligomeric polyoxyethylene (1987)

Abstract Conjugates of polyoxyethylene with proteins and surfaces are of much importance in various biotechnical applications. Consequently, methods for preparing the aldehyde of POE are of interest because of the potential ready attachment of this compound to proteins and aminated surfaces by reductive amination. In this work we describe the results of attempts to prepare an oligomeric POE aldehyde by six routes, two of which proved to be effective. Two previously published routes, manganese‐oxide and DMSO/Ac 2 O oxidation were ineffective. The aldehyde was shown to be unstable in the presence of base and thus of little use for reductive amination. On the other hand, the benzaldehyde derivative, which we also synthesized, is stable, easy to prepare, and undergoes ready reductive amination.
Trihelix DNA-binding Protein with Specificities for Two Distinctcis-Elements (2001)

The DE1 sequence is a cis-regulatory element necessary and sufficient for light down-regulated and dark-inducible expression of the pea GTPase pra2 gene. This sequence does not show any sequence similarity to the previously reported ones involved in light-regulated gene expression. A one-hybrid screen isolated a cDNA encoding a DNA-binding protein, named DF1, with specificity for the DE1 sequence 5'-TACAGT. DF1 has domains similar to the trihelix DNA-binding domain found in the GT-1 and GT-2 proteins, which are plant transcription factors. The DE1-binding domain of DF1 is most similar to the carboxyl-terminal trihelix domain of the rice GT-2 protein with specificity for the GT2 sequence 5'-GGTAATT, which is also necessary for dark-inducible expression of the rice phyA gene. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that this DNA-binding domain specifically binds to two types of DNA sequences, DE1 and GT2. Additionally, using DF1/GT-1 chimeras, we show that the second and third helices of the trihelix DNA-binding domain of DF1 are responsible for this dual DNA binding specificity. Our results show that DF1 has specificity for the two distinct cis-regulatory elements, both important for light down-regulated and dark-inducible gene expression in higher plants.
Role of Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists in Chemotherapy-Induced Emesis: Summary of Clinical Trials (2004)

Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is associated with a significant deterioration in quality of life, and although the use of 5-hydroxytryptamine3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonists plus dexamethasone has significantly improved the control of acute CINV, delayed nausea and vomiting remain a significant clinical problem. Aprepitant is the first agent available in the new drug class of neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists. When added to a standard regimen of a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist and dexamethasone in patients receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy, it improves the complete response rate of acute CINV. Aprepitant also improves the complete response of delayed CINV when used in combination with dexamethasone compared to dexamethasone alone. The use of aprepitant in patients receiving moderately emetogenic chemotherapy will await the review and analysis of recently completed phase III trials. The control of nausea is improved in some studies with the use of aprepitant when it is combined with a 5HT3 receptor antagonist and dexamethasone, but nausea control remains suboptimal. The current data suggest that the mechanism of action of the NK-1s appears to be different from the 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. Future studies may explore the use of aprepitant and other NK-1s in moderately and highly emetogenic chemotherapy, as well in the clinical settings of multiple-day chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation.
Novel mutations in Sanfilippo A syndrome: implications for enzyme function (1997)

Sanfilippo syndrome type A or mucopolysaccharidosis IIIA (MPS IIIA) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder caused by the deficiency of sulfamidase. The resulting lysosomal storage of heparan sulfate may lead to severe neurodegeneration preceded by progressive dementia, often combined with aggressive and hyperactive behaviour. A total of 109 patients from four different geographic areas were screened for the common mutation R245H and two other previously identified mutations. SSCP analysis of exons was used to characterize the unknown alleles. We identified 16 novel sequence variants, 12 of them likely to be pathogenic. The majority of the pathogenic variants were single base pair changes leading to missense mutations. Several single base pair deletions/insertions and one nonsense mutation were also identified. Altogether, we were able to characterize 55% of the pathogenic alleles. Sequence homology between sulfamidase and N-acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfatase, the first sulfatase to have its tertiary structure defined, suggests that amino acid residues R74 and T79, which were found to be mutated, are likely to be involved in the formation of the active site of sulfamidase. R245H accounts for 31% of the Sanfilippo A alleles in Australasia, for 19.2% of the alleles in patients from the UK and has a high frequency of 57.8% in patients from The Netherlands. The identification of mutations common in certain geographic regions or ethnic groups will help in the diagnosis of MPS IIIA and allow carrier testing and improved genetic counselling.
Real-Time Continuous Monitoring of Sub-Dermal Tissue Stresses Under the Ischial Tuberosities in Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury (2008)

Individuals with a spinal cord injury (SCI) are susceptible to deep tissue injury (DTI) which is a pressure-related-necrosis that onsets in the gluteus muscles under the ischial tuberosities (IT). The condition may exacerbate to widespread tissue necrosis and sepsis [1], but early detection is currently not feasible because the injury starts and progresses under intact skin. In SCI patients, local elevated mechanical strains and stresses are formed around the IT, and are not relieved through motion [2]. The excessive tissue strains and stresses, combined with ischemia and hindered diffusion, induce and promote muscle cell death [3]. Recently, we developed a real-time, patient-specific finite element (FE) modeling method and experimental system with a clinical orientation of providing early detection of sub-dermal mechanical conditions that potentially lead to DTI. We presented this system and initial data from healthy adults during the 2006 Summer Bioengineering Conference [4]. Herein, we provide, for the first time, data from trials in an individual with SCI monitored by the system, which indicates that mechanical conditions in gluteus muscles of SCI patients are substantially distinct from those of control subjects.
Oxidative etching for controlled synthesis of metal nanocrystals: atomic addition and subtraction (2014)

Since the discovery of the role of oxidative etching in shape-controlled metal nanostructure synthesis in 2004, it has become a versatile tool to precisely manipulate the nucleation and growth of metal nanocrystals at the atomic level. Subsequent research has shown that oxidative etching can be used to reshape nanocrystals via atomic addition and subtraction. This research has attracted extensive attention from the community because of its promising practical applications and theoretical value, and as a result, tremendous efforts from numerous research groups have been made to expand and apply this method to their own research. In this review, we first outline the merits of oxidative etching for the controlled synthesis of metal nanocrystals. We then summarize recent progress in the use of oxidative etching to control the morphology of a nanostructure during and after its synthesis, and analyze its specific functions in controlling a variety of nanocrystal parameters. Applications enabled by oxidative etching are also briefly presented to show its practical impact. Finally, we discuss the challenges and opportunities for further development of oxidative etching in nanocrystals synthesis.
Optimum color spaces for skin detection (2002)

The objective of this paper is to show that for every color space there exists an optimum skin detector scheme such that the performance of all these skin detectors schemes is the same. To that end, a theoretical proof is provided and experiments are presented which show that the separability of the skin and no skin classes is independent of the color space chosen.
136. First-in-Human Study of NS-065/NCNP-01; the Morpholino Based Antisense Oligonucleotide for Exon 53 Skipping in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (2015)

Currently, phase 2/3 clinical trials of exon 51 skipping for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) are being conducted and have been shown promising results for NDA. Next to the patients treatable by exon 51 skipping, the patients amenable to exon 53 skipping are the second largest population; therefore a development of exon 53 skipping drug has high priority. National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, with Kyoto-based pharmaceutical company Nippon Shinyaku, had jointly developed the exon 53 skipping drug since 2009 and started an investigator-initiated clinical trial from June 2013 (UMIN Clinical Trial ID: UMIN000010964, ClinicalTrial.gov: NCT02081625). The NS-065/NCNP-01 is a morpholino based antisense oligonucleotide that has been developed to skip the exon 53 of the dystrophin gene and to treat DMD patient amenable to the exon 53 skipping. It has been confirmed potent efficacy and high safety in pre-clinical studies. This clinical trial is an exploratory phase 1, single-site, first-in-human study. The primary endpoints are the safety and tolerability and the secondary endpoints are the pharmacokinetics and efficacies (dystrophin recovery). Three doses cohort design (1.25 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg) was adopted and all subjects were dosed weekly intravenous infusion for 12 weeks. Mainly nonambulant subjects were recruited because the dose and duration in this trial was not enough to expect functional improvement. Of total 10 subjects, each three subjects were randomly assigned to 1.25 mg/kg or 5 mg/kg cohorts, and four subjects were assigned to 20 mg/kg cohort. An in vitro confirmation of dystrophin recovery and exon 53 skipping in subject-derived cells was one of inclusion criteria. Subject's mutations were classified into any of exons 45-52, 48-52 or 49-52 deletion; all NS-065/NCNP-01 treated cells satisfied the criteria. One week after an initial dosing for the first subject in each cohort, next subjects were dosed. Safety review committee advised the principal investigator whether or not to proceed to next cohort. At the end of 2014, dosing to all subjects had completed; no serious adverse events were observed. Dystrophin expression is to be evaluated by Western blotting and immunofluorescent staining. The analysis is still ongoing, but an immunofluorescent image analysis will be performed as objective and quantitative as possible by automated measurements. We would report progress of the first-in-human study of NS-065/NCNP-01; the morpholino based exon 53 skipping drug for DMD.
Introduction (2015)

We conduct an extensive empirical study comparing the relative riskiness of two UK equity markets run by the London Stock Exchange: AIM the market for growth companies versus the Main Market, the market for more established companies. AIM has been a considerable success. Even by its survival over 19 years it has succeeded in relation to similar markets in other countries. During that period it has seen rapid growth and has emerged as the market of choice for smaller, newer companies in the UK and increasingly elsewhere. Investors often perceive AIM as riskier than the Main Market for comparable stocks. At a superficial level we find that AIM stocks may seem more risky than comparable Main Market stocks, but as the analysis is refined to ensure that the comparisons focus purely on the effect of being on different markets the difference shrinks and finally disappears. This conclusion concurs with the market practitioner’s view that there is no significant risk differential.
Analysis of multiple biomarkers shows that lymphoma-associated macrophage (LAM) content is an independent predictor of survival in follicular lymphoma (FL) (2005)

We studied the role of multiple biomarkers in determining outcome in follicular lymphoma (FL), concentrating in particular on the role of benign macrophages. The study group consisted of uniformly staged and treated patients with FL enrolled in a phase 2 trial between 1987 and 1993. All patients were younger than 61 years of age, had advanced-stage FL, and were treated with a multiagent chemotherapy regimen, BP-VACOP (bleomycin, cisplatin, etoposide, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone), followed by involved region radiation. The median follow-up of living patients was 12.5 years, and the median survival was 16.3 years. The International Prognostic Index (IPI) was predictive of overall survival (OS) (P = .003). Biopsy specimens from all cases were stained with an anti-CD68 antibody. Of the 99 evaluable patients with FL, 87 had less than 15 CD68+ macrophages/high-power field (hpf) (median, 7; range, 1-14) and 12 had more than 15 CD68+ macrophages/hpf (median, 20; range, 16-25) with a median OS of 16.3 vs 5.0 years, respectively (P < .001). A multivariate Cox model that included the IPI score, the histologic grade, and the lymphoma-associated macrophage (LAM) score, showed IPI and LAM to be independent predictors of OS (P = .009 and P = .004, respectively). The LAM content of FL predicts survival, and these data support a prominent role for nonneoplastic immune cells in the biology of FL.
DOCTORAL RESEARCH (1977)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Hans Johnson; DOCTORAL RESEARCH. Accounting Historians Journal 1 March 1977; 4 (1): 100–105. doi: https://doi.org/10.2308/0148-4184.4.1.D1 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search nav search search input Search input auto suggest Search
CD137 Costimulation of CD8+ T Cells Confers Resistance to Suppression by Virus-Induced Regulatory T Cells (2008)

Chronic viral infections cause high levels of morbidity and mortality worldwide, making the development of effective therapies a high priority for improving human health. We have used mice infected with Friend virus as a model to study immunotherapeutic approaches to the cure of chronic retroviral infections. In chronic Friend virus infections CD4(+) T regulatory (Treg) cells suppress CD8(+) T cell effector functions critical for virus clearance. In this study, we demonstrate that immunotherapy with a combination of agonistic anti-CD137 Ab and virus-specific, TCR-transgenic CD8(+) T cells produced greater than 99% reductions of virus levels within 2 wk. In vitro studies indicated that the CD137-specific Ab rendered the CD8(+) T cells resistant to Treg cell-mediated suppression with no direct effect on the suppressive function of the Treg cells. By 2 weeks after transfer, the adoptively transferred CD8(+) T cells were lost, likely due to activation-induced cell death. The highly focused immunological pressure placed on the virus by the single specificity CD8(+) T cells led to the appearance of escape variants, indicating that broader epitope specificity will be required for long-term virus control. However, the results demonstrate a potent strategy to potentiate the function of CD8(+) T cells in the context of immunosuppressive Treg cells.
Ge/SiGe multiple quantum wells for optical applications (2008)

High-quality Ge/Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.15</sub> Ge <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.85</sub> multiple quantum wells have been grown by low-energy plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Structural and optical properties have been measured by X-ray diffraction, optical transmission, photoluminescence and photocurrent experiments.
Synthesis of Fluorocarbon−Vinyl Acetate Copolymers in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide:  Insight into Bulk Properties (2002)

Tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE), and vinylidene fluoride (VDF) were copolymerized with vinyl acetate (VAc) in supercritical fluid CO2 by a free radical mechanism and without the use of a surfactant. A series of copolymers were synthesized with yields as high as 83% for TFE−VAc, 91% for CTFE−VAc, and 70% for VDF−VAc copolymers. Their weight-average molar masses, relative to polystyrene, were between 120 and 290 kg mol-1, and polydispersity was between 1.6 and 2.4. A range of compositions was prepared with the amount of fluorocarbon in the copolymer varying from 13 to 84 mol %, as determined by elemental analysis. Monomer reactivity ratios were estimated using the error-in-variable method to be rCTFE = 0.014 ± 0.05, rVAc = 0.44 ± 0.03; rTFE = −0.009 ± 0.06, rVAc = 0.95 ± 0.08; and rVDF = −0.4 ± 0.04, rVAc = 1.67 ± 0.6. Proton NMR was used to estimate copolymer composition, based on triad sequences. These data, together with the reactivity ratio data, indicate that the fluorocarbons cross-propagate with VAc and that VAc propagates randomly. All samples were characterized by DSC for Tg with P(CTFE-co-VAc) having a Tg between 42 and 53 °C, P(TFE-co-VAc) between 34 and 41 °C, and P(VDF-co-VAc) between 20 and 33 °C. Hydrolysis of vinyl acetate to vinyl alcohol (VA) in P(TFE-co-VAc) yielded terpolymers, P(TFE-co-VAc-co-VA), with >80% of VAc hydrolyzed to VA, thereby providing a reactive functional group for further modification. Interestingly, only a small decrease in molar mass was observed after the hydrolysis of vinyl acetate to vinyl alcohol, reflecting the loss of acetic acid and suggesting that these polymers are linear. The results presented herein are particularly interesting because no surfactant (or dispersion agent) was required for apparent solubility in CO2. The fluoropolymers prepared herein may find utility in coatings or paint applications.