gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microfabricated nanochannel implantable drug delivery devices: trends, limitations and possibilities (2006)

This is a review of the application of microfabrication technologies, borrowed from the semiconductor industry, to drug delivery implants incorporating structures in the nanometer dimension. In the futuristic ideal, these systems would involve the implantation of precisely microfabricated drug delivery systems with nanopores, nanochannels and/or nanoreservoirs fabricated from silicon, coupled with electronic sensing and actuator systems, for the precise, timed and/or targeted delivery of drugs. After more than a decade in conceptualisation and experimentation, four systems that have commercial potential are discussed: i) implantable microchips with on-demand microdosage for one or more therapeutic agents under internal control or external control using a wireless link; ii) nanopore pumps, implantable titanium pumps, consisting of a drug reservoir with a nanopore-release membrane, capable of delivering potent small or macromolecules at constant serum levels for sustained periods of time; iii) nanocages, microfabricated nanopore immunoisolation chambers for cellular implants, capable of natural feedback-controlled delivery of proteins and peptides; and iv) nanobuckets, micromachined silicon porous particles with drug-loading capacity and targeting ligands for localised delivery. Each of the systems, along with future trends in microfabrication manufacturing, limitations and possibilities, are discussed.
Characterization of the Structure and Function of the Fourth Member of p38 Group Mitogen-activated Protein Kinases, p38δ (1997)

We have cloned and characterized a new member of the p38 group of mitogen-activated protein kinases here termed p38delta. Sequence comparisons revealed that p38delta is approximately 60% identical to the other three p38 isoforms but only 40-45% to the other mitogen-activated protein kinase family members. It contains the TGY dual phosphorylation site present in all p38 group members and is activated by a group of extracellular stimuli including cytokines and environmental stresses that also activate the other three known p38 isoforms. However, unlike the other p38 isoforms, the kinase activity of p38delta is not blocked by the pyridinyl imidazole, 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-2(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)-imidazole (identicalto SB202190). p38delta can be activated by MKK3 and MKK6, known activators of the other isoforms. Nonetheless, in-gel kinase assays provide evidence for additional activators. The data presented herein show that p38delta has many properties that are similar to those of other p38 group members. Nonetheless important differences exist among the four members of the p38 group of enzymes, and thus each may have highly specific, individual contributions to biologic events involving activation of the p38 pathways.
Upper interior head, face and neck injury experiments (1998)

Head, face and neck (HFN) injuries associated with upper interior contacts account for a large percentage of all serious to fatal injuries annually. In the past, many of these injuries were the result of unrestrained occupants in rollovers and side impacts. Mandatory belt use laws have helped keep the head and torso inside the vehicle, but HFN injuries in side and rollover accidents persist. Regulatory actions for side and rollover protection deal with torso injuries but head injuries have been addressed only by upper interior padding. Rollovers have been characterized as violent events and roof crush as the natural consequence of such violence. The original claims were based in part on the “Malibu” experiments, which suggested that head and neck injuries for occupants are unavoidable even with improved roof strength and the use of production restraints. An analytical effort to understand rollover injuries, using the field accident data of the NASS files and residual headroom as an indicator, was reported by the authors at the 1996 ESV conference in Melbourne, Australia. This work led to a revised theory of rollover head, face and neck (HFN) injury mechanisms and their relationship to, for example, roof crush, headroom, restraint excursion, padding, glazing and vehicle geometry. In an effort to investigate both the original claims and the revised theory, some additional analyses were conducted and a series of experiments were devised. This paper briefly summarizes the previous work, describes further analyses and experimentally identifies the low crash severity, roof crush, padding and restraint relationship to HFN injury, through physical, computer, and volunteer occupant tests. The conclusion is that a causal relationship exists between HFN injury and occupant protection system design and performance (including, for example, roof intrusion, vehicle geometry, headroom, restraint excursion, glazing, upper interior padding in combination).
8-Methoxypsoralen Effects on Survival and Repair of Escherichia coli after Ultraviolet Irradiation: Action Spectra (1979)

Bruce S. Hass, Robert B. Webb, 8-Methoxypsoralen Effects on Survival and Repair of Escherichia coli after Ultraviolet Irradiation: Action Spectra, Radiation Research, Vol. 80, No. 1 (Oct., 1979), pp. 170-185
Engineered protein A ligands, derived from a histidine-scanning library, facilitate the affinity purification of IgG under mild acidic conditions (2014)

The affinity column elution chromatograms demonstrated that antibodies could be eluted at a higher pH (∆pH**≧2.0) than ever reported (∆pH = 1.4) when the Staphylococcal protein A variants developed in this study were used as affinity ligands. The interactions between Staphylococcal protein A and IgG-Fab were shown to be important for the behavior of IgG bound on a SpA affinity column, and alterations in the affinity of the ligands for IgG-Fab clearly affected the conditions for eluting the bound IgG. Thus, a histidine-scanning library combined with a structure-based design was shown to be effective in engineering novel pH-sensitive proteins.
Antimalarial Activities of WR-194,965, an α-Amino- <i>o</i> -Cresol Derivative (1978)

Pilot appraisals of the activities of WR-194,965 and WR-204,165, two closely related o-cresol derivatives (both Mannich bases), in owl monkeys infected with the multidrug-resistant Vietnam Smith strain of Plasmodium falciparum showed that these compounds had similar levels of efficacy. Total course doses effecting 90% cures (CD(90)s) were 27 and 37 mg/kg of body weight for the respective compounds, values almost identical to the CD(90) of mefloquine (a highly promising 4-quinolinemethanol) against infections with the same strain, and the CD(90)s of chloroquine against infections with 4-aminoquinoline-susceptible strains. Expanded studies of the activities of WR-194,965 against infections with the Smith strain of P. falciparum and Vietnam Palo Alto strain of P. vivax, designed to guide projected evaluations in human volunteers, showed: (i) that the activity of this compound was a function of total dose administered, with single doses as effective as the same amount delivered in three or seven successive daily fractions; (ii) that all regimens effected rapid clearance of parasitemia; and (iii) that based on CD(90)s, this agent was twice as active against infections with the Palo Alto strain of P. vivax as against the Smith strain of P. falciparum. These findings, together with results of preclinical pharmacological studies pursued elsewhere, provided support for studies in human volunteers now underway.
E-commerce interoperability with IBM's WebSphere Commerce products (2002)

With the growth of the Internet, business-to-business procurement and other processes are being moved to the World Wide Web, for increased efficiency and reach. Procurement systems from different vendors use various protocols, and additional protocols are being defined by several industry consortia. As a consequence, suppliers are faced with the difficult task of supporting a large number of protocols in order to interoperate with various procurement systems and private marketplaces. In this paper, we outline the connectivity requirements for suppliers and private marketplaces, and we describe how suppliers and marketplaces based on IBM's WebSphere® Commerce Business Edition and WebSphere Commerce Suite, Marketplace Edition can interoperate with diverse procurement systems and electronic marketplaces. We first describe simple connectivity based on punchout processes for fixed and contract-based pricing. We then describe how asynchronous processes, such as requests for quote, auctions, and exchanges can be distributed for interoperability across suppliers and marketplaces. Finally, we describe B2B/M2M Protocol Exchange, a prototype we have implemented that maps between different, but analogous, protocols used in procurement systems, and thus alleviates some of the interoperability difficulties.
A Study Of Motion Estimation Algorithms For Interpolation Of Low Rate Video Frames (2002)

It is a great challenge to interpolate low rate video frames when the movement is large. Using classical block matching methods introduces a combinatorial explosion problem. In this thesis, the 5-to-10 frames per second(fps) interpolation problem is considered, with view on videoconferencing application. Several methods are investigated, from plain averaging, over block matching methods, up to multi-resolution approaches.
Genome-wide association study of major depressive disorder: new results, meta-analysis, and lessons learned (2010)

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common complex disorder with a partly genetic etiology. We conducted a genome-wide association study of the MDD2000+ sample (2431 cases, 3673 screened controls and >1 M imputed single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)). No SNPs achieved genome-wide significance either in the MDD2000+ study, or in meta-analysis with two other studies totaling 5763 cases and 6901 controls. These results imply that common variants of intermediate or large effect do not have main effects in the genetic architecture of MDD. Suggestive but notable results were (a) gene-based tests suggesting roles for adenylate cyclase 3 (ADCY3, 2p23.3) and galanin (GAL, 11q13.3); published functional evidence relates both of these to MDD and serotonergic signaling; (b) support for the bipolar disorder risk variant SNP rs1006737 in CACNA1C (P=0.020, odds ratio=1.10); and (c) lack of support for rs2251219, a SNP identified in a meta-analysis of affective disorder studies (P=0.51). We estimate that sample sizes 1.8- to 2.4-fold greater are needed for association studies of MDD compared with those for schizophrenia to detect variants that explain the same proportion of total variance in liability. Larger study cohorts characterized for genetic and environmental risk factors accumulated prospectively are likely to be needed to dissect more fully the etiology of MDD.
On primitive fault test generation in non-scan sequential circuits (1998)

A method is presented for identifying primitive path-delay faults in non-scan sequential cixuits and generating robwt tests for all robustly testable primitive faults. It uses the concept of sensitizing cubes introduced in an earlier paper and a nw, more eficient algon.thmfor generating them. Sensitizing cubes of the natstate and output logic are used to obtain static sensitizing vectors that can be applied to the non-scan sequential cixuit as part of a vector-paiz These vector-pairs are also used in den.ving robust tests. Initializing sequencesfim a reset state and sequences that propagate fault effects~m @p-@ps to pn.nra~outputs are also generated The proposed method has been implemented and used to derive testsforprimitivefaults in ISCAS'89 and MCNC'91 benchmark cixuits.
Magnetic resonance safety testing of a newly‐developed fiber‐optic cardiac pacing lead (2002)

The minor magnetic field interactions and relative lack of heating for the fiber-optic pacing lead indicate that it should be safe for patients with this device to undergo MR imaging procedures using MR systems operating at 1.5-T or less and at a whole-body-averaged SARs up to 1.5 W/kg.
Scattering of ultraviolet radiation in turbid suspensions (1997)

A Beer’s law expression for the penetration depth of ultraviolet radiation in a concentrated suspension of scattering particles is used to model the depth of cure for a suspension of ceramic particles in a medium of photocurable monomers. The cure depth is predominantly controlled by the square of the refractive index difference between the ceramic particles and the medium, Δn2=(np−n0)2. A secondary effect on the cure depth is the ratio of the interparticle spacing to the ultraviolet wavelength. Theoretical results agree with experimental data for 0.40–0.50 volume fraction ceramic-filled suspensions.
Design of Industrial Ventilation Systems (1982)

This latest edition has a title change to reflect an expansion to cover the interrelated areas of general exhaust ventilation and makeup air supply. More coverage is also given the need for energy conservation and for the physical isolation of the workspace from major contaminant generation zones. Excellent and generous illustrative matter is included. Contents, abridged are as follows: flow of fluids; air flow through hoods; pipe resistance; piping design; centrifugal exhaust fans; axial-flow fans; monitoring industrial ventilization systems; isolation; and energy conservation.
The Preparation and Some Properties of Disilylamine (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Preparation and Some Properties of DisilylamineB. J. Aylett and M. J. HakimCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1966, 5, 1, 167Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50035a047https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50035a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views146Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ESI determination from Petermann mode-field diameter measurements and refractive index profile measurements on single-mode fibres (1987)

The two main approaches to the characterization of single-mode fibres: viz. Equivalent Step Index (ESI) and Mode Field Diameter (MFD) are still causing confusion and no real standard procedure has won the confidence of laboratory users. In a previous paper we have shown that in principle, a self consistent method can unify both the ESI and MFD approaches. For instance, it has been shown that the two parameter of the ESI approximation as derived from the moment theory of single-mode optical fibres can be determined independently from either measurement of the Petermann MFD or from measurements of the refractive index profile. This duality feature makes the moments description of single-mode fibres unique amongst a whole range of experimental and theoretical characterization methods. &lt;br/&gt; In this paper we implement and critically assess our new approach using three independent measurement procedures. The ESI parameters as obtained from (i) MFD measurements, (ii) preform profile measurements and (iii) fibre profile measurements are compared for a nominally step index fibre fabricated by the MCVD process. &lt;br/&gt; A statistical approach is adopted in analysing the measurement data, thereby reducing the influence of measurement error and other inherent uncertainties. Results show that while the preform and the fibre profile measurements produce essentially the same equivalent core radius and the same equivalent numerical aperture (with allowance for diffusion effects) the ESI parameters produced by the MFD are substantially different. &lt;br/&gt; The discrepancy arises from the use of the "effective" cut-off wavelength, as derived from the MFD measurements, instead of the "theoretical" cut-off wavelength (corresponding to a V-value of 2.405) in the evaluation of the ESI parameters. However, it is found that if the cut-off wavelength as derived from the profile measurements, is used in the interpretation of the MFD data then, the three measurement approaches predict very similar ESI parameters. While only one fibre-preform is reported here, one other nominally step-index fibre-preform exhibited similar trends.
Tinnitus: a double-blind crossover controlled trial to evaluate the use of lignocaine (2009)

Tinnitus: a double-blind crossover controlled trial to evaluate the use of lignocaine A double-blind crossover controlled trial assessing the use of intravenous lignocaine in the treatment of tinnitus is reported. Possible modes of action of the drug are suggested. It is shown that intravenous lignocaine is effective in reducing tinnitus, although duration of such effect is short. Consistently effective oral preparations to control tinnitus are yet to be described.
Security Enhanced EMV-Based Mobile Payment Protocol (2014)

Near field communication has enabled customers to put their credit cards into a smartphone and use the phone for credit card transaction. But EMV contactless payment allows unauthorized readers to access credit cards. Besides, in offline transaction, a merchant's reader cannot verify whether a card has been revoked. Therefore, we propose an EMV-compatible payment protocol to mitigate the transaction risk. And our modifications to the EMV standard are transparent to merchants and users. We also encrypt the communications between a card and a reader to prevent eavesdropping on sensitive data. The protocol is able to resist impersonation attacks and to avoid the security threats in EMV. In offline transactions, our scheme requires a user to apply for a temporary offline certificate in advance. With the certificate, banks no longer need to lower customer's credits for risk control, and users can have online-equivalent credits in offline transactions.
Differential expression of cell surface molecules in prostate cancer cells. (2000)

The expression of 119 cell surface molecules was catalogued for three prostate cancer cell lines, LNCaP, PC3, and DU145, all of which were established from metastases. Many of these molecules are common to all three cell lines, whereas some are differentially expressed. More prostate basal epithelial cell-specific than luminal epithelial cell-specific molecules are detected, especially in DU145 and PC3 cells. The cancer cells also express molecules that are not normally associated with prostate epithelial cells. As a population, expression of these molecules appears to be heterogeneous. This heterogeneity may be an inherent property of the population.
Is there a future for renin inhibitors? (2001)

Pharmacological interruption of the renin-angiotensin system is possible at three major sites, the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), the AT1 receptor and at the interaction of renin with its substrate, angiotensinogen. Skeggs and his associates in 1957 argued logically but without prognostic accuracy that 'since renin is the initial and rate-limiting substance in the renin-angiotensin system, it would seem that the renin inhibition approach would be the most likely to succeed'. In fact, the development of agents that act at all three levels has enjoyed substantial success, yet renin inhibition, which showed early progress in studies in humans, has languished. Our task in this essay is to review the reasons for the slow evolution of renin inhibition and to discuss the potential of such agents in modern pharmacotherapy. All of the structure-action relationships have involved variation on the original peptide structure. The possibility that alternative approaches based on x-ray crystallography and reconstruction of the structure of the active site would lead to novel agents, appears not to have been explored systematically. This opportunity is all the more attractive because renin is one of the few targets that is actually soluble and amenable to x-ray crystallographic studies. At the moment, it appears that all renin inhibitor development programs have been closed, although hints periodically reappear to indicate that one company or another is pursuing a novel agent. The decision to close programs seems to have reflected not the therapeutic potential of renin inhibitors, but rather the cost of their synthesis, continuing problems with bioavailability and the remarkable success of the competitor class--the AngII antagonists. We believe that the potential of renin inhibition in human therapy has been under estimated and still shows substantial promise.
Measurement of effective alveolar carbon dioxide tension during spontaneous breathing in normal subjects and patients with chronic airways obstruction. (1995)

The volume weighted effective alveolar PCO2 in normal subjects and patients with chronic airways obstruction is lower than the arterial PCO2 and is recommended as a better estimate in the classical equations for estimating dead space and intrapulmonary shunt.
General Chemistry: Principles and Structure--Study Guide (1990)

The Basics of Chemistry and Chemical Reactions. The Structure of Matter and the Origin of Chemical Periodicity. Physical Properties and the States of Matter. Factors that Control the Outcome of Reactions. Survey of the Chemistry of the Elements. Nuclear Reactions and Their Role in Chemistry. Appendices. Index.
Role of the hypoxia inducible factors HIF in iron metabolism (2008)

Iron is an essential element in all living organisms and is required as a cofactor for oxygen-binding proteins. Iron metabolism, oxygen homeostasis and erythropoiesis are consequently strongly interconnected. Iron needs to be tightly regulated, as iron insufficiency induces a hypoferric anemia in mammals, coupled to hypoxia in tissues, whereas excess iron is toxic, and causes generation of free radicals. Given the links between oxygen transport and iron metabolism, associations between the physiology of hypoxic response, and the control of iron availability are important. Numerous lines of investigation have proven that the HIF transcription factors function as central mediators of cellular adaptation to critically low oxygen levels in both normal and compromised tissues. Several of these target genes are involved in iron homeostasis, reflecting the molecular links between oxygen homeostasis and iron metabolism.
Genome-wide copy number analyses identified novel cancer genes in hepatocellular carcinoma (2011)

These results showed that integration of genomic and transcriptional data offers powerful potential for identifying novel cancer genes in HCC pathogenesis.