gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential response to keratinocyte growth factor receptor and epidermal growth factor receptor ligands of proliferating and differentiating intestinal epithelial cells (2004)

The expression of the keratinocyte growth factor receptor (KGFR) has been analyzed on intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells upon confluence-induced spontaneous differentiation. Western blot and immunofluorescence analysis showed that the expression of functional KGFRs, differently from that of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), was up-modulated in post-confluent differentiated cultures compared with the pre-confluent cells. Confocal microscopy and immunoelectron microscopy revealed that the up-regulated KGFRs displayed a basolateral polarized distribution on the cell surfaces in the monolayer. In vivo immunohistochemical analysis on normal human colon tissue sections showed that KGFRs, differently from EGFRs, were mostly distributed on the more differentiated cells located on the upper portion of the intestinal crypt. Bromodeoxyuridine incorporation assay and Ki67 labeling indicated that the differentiated cells were able to proliferate in response to the two ligands of KGFR, KGF and FGF-10, whereas they were not stimulated by the EGFR ligands TGFalpha and EGF. Western blot and quantitative immunofluorescence analysis of the expression of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in post-confluent cells revealed that incubation with KGF induced an increase of cell differentiation. Taken together these results indicate that up-modulation of KGFR may be required to promote proliferation and differentiation in differentiating cells and that, among the cells componing the intestinal epithelial monolayer, the target cells for KGFR ligands appear to be different during differentiation from those responsive to EGFR ligands.
Secure ATC surveillance for military applications (2008)

This paper presents a system in concept development that combines the integrity of the civil automatic dependant surveillance - broadcast (ADS-B) system for air-to-air conflict avoidance and air traffic management (ATM) surveillance with the military secure Mark XIIA Mode 5 Identification Friend or Foe (IFF) system as the data link. This new system, coined Military ADS-B (MADS-B), expands the traditional IFF surveillance data of range, azimuth, altitude, and identity (ID) to include each platformpsilas dynamic state of motion and status. This self-reporting system significantly improves positioning and status data between Tri-Service platforms and with Allies - who are also transitioning to the common Mode 5 system. Beyond MADS-Bpsilas securing of ADS-B data, it enables overcoming other surveillance and navigation shortfalls through future software based message additions. The paper summarizes ADS-B operations, the conversion of data to the Mode 5 Level 2 formats, and examples of message extensions providing surveillance enhancements.
Oxygenation and air-annealing effects on the electronic properties of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 films and devices (1999)

Post-deposition air-annealing effects of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 based thin films and heterojunction solar cell devices are studied by photoelectron spectroscopy and admittance spectroscopy. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy reveals type inversion at the surface of the as-prepared films, which is eliminated after exposure of several minutes to air due to the passivation of surface Se deficiencies. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy demonstrates that air annealing at 200 °C leads to a decreased Cu concentration at the film surface. Admittance spectroscopy of complete ZnO/CdS/Cu(In,Ga)Se2 heterojunction solar cells shows that the Cu(In,Ga)Se2 surface type inversion is restored by the chemical bath used for CdS deposition. Air annealing of the finished devices at 200 °C reduces the type inversion again due to defect passivation. Our results also show that oxygenation leads to a charge redistribution and to a significant compensation of the effective acceptor density in the bulk of the absorber. This is consistent with the release of Cu from the absorber surface and its redistribution in the bulk.
Bioactive Ergost-5-ene-3β/,7α-diol Derivatives from Pseudobersama mossambicensis (1992)

Bioactivity-directed fractionation of the methyl ethyl ketone extract of Pseudobersama mossambicensis resulted in the isolation of ergosta-5,24(28)-diene-3 beta,7 alpha-diol [1], 24,28-epoxyergost-5-ene-3 beta,7 alpha-diol [2], and ergost-5-ene-3 beta,7 alpha,24,28-tetraol [3]. All three sterols showed selective activity towards DNA repair-deficient yeast mutants. The sterol 1 also showed cytotoxicity towards wild-type P-388 murine leukemia cells. The isolation, structural elucidation, and biological activities of these sterols are reported. The sterol 3 is most probably an artifact formed from 2 during the isolation process.
Mobilization of intracellular calcium stimulates microneme discharge in <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> (1999)

Apicomplexan parasites, including Toxoplasma gondii, apically attach to their host cells before invasion. Recent studies have implicated the contents of micronemes, which are small secretory organelles confined to the apical region of the parasite, in the process of host cell attachment. Here, we demonstrate that microneme discharge is regulated by parasite cytoplasmic free Ca2+ and that the micronemal contents, including the MIC2 adhesin, are released through the extreme apical tip of the parasite. Microneme secretion was triggered by Ca2+ ionophores in both the presence and the absence of external Ca2+, while chelation of intracellular Ca2+ prevented release. Mobilization of intracellular calcium with thapsagargin or NH4Cl also triggered microneme secretion, indicating that intracellular calcium stores are sufficient to stimulate release. Following activation of secretion by the Ca2+ ionophore A23187, MIC2 initially occupied the apical surface of the parasite, but was then rapidly treadmilled to the posterior end and released into the culture supernatant. This capping and release of MIC2 by ionophore-stimulated tachyzoites mimics the redistribution of MIC2 that occurs during attachment and penetration of host cells, and both events are dependent on the actin-myosin cytoskeleton of the parasite. These studies indicate that microneme release is a stimulus-coupled secretion system responsible for releasing adhesins involved in cell attachment.
Module hot-swapping for dynamic update and reconfiguration in K42 (2005)

K42 is an open-source research OS for 64-bit multiprocessor systems, focusing on the PowerPC architecture. It uses an object-oriented design to achieve good performance, scalability, customisability, and maintainability. K42 supports the Linux API and ABI allowing it to use unmodified Linux applications and libraries, and can be deployed by running on an existing installation of Linux. The development process of K42 is intended to share concepts with Linux; many ideas have been transferred between the two projects. K42 implements
Mucosal Immunization with Live Recombinant Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV) and Recombinant BRSV Lacking the Envelope Glycoprotein G Protects against Challenge with Wild-Type BRSV (2002)

Recombinant bovine respiratory syncytial virus (rBRSV) and an rBRSV deletion mutant lacking the G gene (rBRSVDeltaG) were characterized in calves with respect to replication competence, attenuation, and protective efficacy as live-attenuated BRSV vaccines. Both recombinant viruses were safe and induced protection against a BRSV challenge infection. rBRSV replicated efficiently in the upper respiratory tract. Intranasal immunization with rBRSVDeltaG led to infection but not to mucosal virus replication. Neutralizing antibodies were induced by rBRSV and rBRSVDeltaG. Thus, the BRSV attachment glycoprotein G seems to be dispensable in vaccinating calves against BRSV.
Retinoic Acid-Inducible Gene I Mediates Early Antiviral Response and Toll-Like Receptor 3 Expression in Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Infected Airway Epithelial Cells (2006)

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the most common viral pathogens causing severe lower respiratory tract infections in infants and young children. Infected host cells detect and respond to RNA viruses using different mechanisms in a cell-type-specific manner, including retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-dependent and Toll-like receptor (TLR)-dependent pathways. Because the relative contributions of these two pathways in the recognition of RSV infection are unknown, we examined their roles in this study. We found that RIG-I helicase binds RSV transcripts within 12 h of infection. Short interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated RIG-I "knockdown" significantly inhibited early nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and interferon response factor 3 (IRF3) activation 9 h postinfection (p.i.). Consistent with this finding, RSV-induced beta interferon (IFN-beta), interferon-inducible protein 10 (IP-10), chemokine ligand 5 (CCL-5), and IFN-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) expression levels were decreased in RIG-I-silenced cells during the early phase of infection but not at later times (18 h p.i.). In contrast, siRNA-mediated TLR3 knockdown did not affect RSV-induced NF-kappaB binding but did inhibit IFN-beta, IP-10, CCL-5, and ISG15 expression at late times of infection. Further studies revealed that TLR3 knockdown significantly reduced NF-kappaB/RelA transcription by its ability to block the activating phosphorylation of NF-kappaB/RelA at serine residue 276. We further found that TLR3 induction following RSV infection was regulated by RIG-I-dependent IFN-beta secreted from infected airway epithelial cells and was mediated by both IFN response-stimulated element (ISRE) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) sites in its proximal promoter. Together these findings indicate distinct temporal roles of RIG-I and TLR3 in mediating RSV-induced innate immune responses, which are coupled to distinct pathways controlling NF-kappaB activation.
RNA interference in the light brown apple moth, <i>Epiphyas postvittana</i> (Walker) induced by double‐stranded RNA feeding (2006)

RNA interference (RNAi) or gene silencing is typically induced in insects by the injection of double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs), short interfering RNAs, or through the use of hairpin constructs in transgenic insects. Here we demonstrate in the horticultural pest, Epiphyas postvittana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), that RNAi can be triggered by oral delivery of dsRNA to larvae. Transcript levels of a larval gut carboxylesterase gene (EposCXE1) were reduced to less than half that of controls within 2 days of being fed EposCXE1 dsRNA. Transcript levels of the pheromone binding protein gene (EposPBP1) were reduced in adult antennae by feeding larvae EposPBP1 dsRNA. Knockdown of EposPBP1 transcripts was observed for the first 2 days after adult eclosion but recovered to wild-type levels at 4 days posteclosion. The potential mechanisms involved in the initiation, movement and amplification of the silencing signal are discussed.
New, Non-Adenosine, High-Potency Agonists for the Human Adenosine A<sub>2B</sub> Receptor with an Improved Selectivity Profile Compared to the Reference Agonist <i>N</i>-Ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (2004)

The adenosine A(2B) receptor is the least well characterized of the four known adenosine receptor subtypes because of the absence of potent, selective agonists. Here, we present five non-adenosine agonists. Among them, 2-amino-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethylsulfanyl)pyridine-3,5-dicarbonitrile, 17, LUF5834, is a high-efficacy partial agonist with EC(50) = 12 nM and 45-fold selectivity over the adenosine A(3) receptor but lacking selectivity versus the A(1) and A(2A) subtypes. Compound 18, LUF5835, the 3-hydroxyphenyl analogue, is a full agonist with EC(50) = 10 nM.
Life Tests with Periodic Change in the Scale Parameter of a Weibull Distribution (1974)

Two life testing procedures, namely, the progressively censored samples and Bartholomew's experiment are discussed under the assumption that the life of an item follows a specialized Weibull distribution. The scale parameter is different under two different conditions of usage of the item at regular intervals of time, the shape parameter remains unchanged throughout the experiment. The maximum likelihood estimates of the two scale parameters have been derived along with their variances. A numerical example illustrates the type of data and relevant calculations for the experiment involving progressively censored samples.
Thioketone‐Mediated Polymerization of Butyl Acrylate: Controlling Free‐Radical Polymerization via a Dormant Radical Species (2007)

Abstract It is demonstrated by experiment and simulation that the commercially available thioketone 4,4‐ bis (dimethylamino)thiobenzophenone is capable of controlling AIBN‐initiated bulk butyl acrylate polymerization at 80 °C. On the basis of molecular weight data and from monomer conversion versus time curves, the associated rate parameters are estimated. The addition rate coefficient, k ad , for the reaction of a propagating chain with the thioketone is close to 10 6 L · mol −1 · s −1 and the fragmentation rate coefficient, k frag , is around 10 −2 s −1 giving rise to large equilibrium constants in the order of 10 8 L · mol −1 . Furthermore, cross‐ and self‐termination of the dormant radical species are identified to be operational. magnified image
An <i>O</i>(<i>n</i>) algorithm for transistor stacking with performance constraints (1996)

We describe a new constraint-driven stacking algorithm for diffusion area minimization of CMOS circuits. It employs an Eulerian trail finding algorithm that can satisfy analog-specific performance constraints. Our technique is superior to other published approaches both ill terms of its time complexity and in the optimality of the stacks it produces. For a circuit with n transistors. The time complexity is O(n). All performance constraints are satisfied and, for a certain class of circuits, optimum stacking is guaranteed.
THE INCIDENCE OF FALL INJURY EVENTS AMONG THE ELDERLY IN A DEFINED POPULATION (1990)

Falls are a leading cause of death from injury among older persons in the United States, and about one in three older persons falls each year. Yet, reliable estimates of the incidence of fall injury events in a population-based setting are not readily available. Therefore, the authors analyzed population-based surveillance data, between July 1985 and June 1987, from the Study to Assess Falls Among the Elderly, Miami Beach, Florida. The rate of fall injury events coming to acute medical attention increased exponentially with age for both elderly men and women (predominantly white), reaching a high for those aged 85 years or more of 138.5 per 1,000 for males and 158.8 per 1,000 for females. Compared with males, females had a higher incidence of fractures other than skull. Males were nearly twice as likely to die, however, following a fall injury event than were females. Of those fall injury events identified through the surveillance system, about 42% resulted in hospital admission. The mean length of hospital stay was 11.6 days overall and was 15.5 days for hip fracture, 9.8 days for skull fracture/intracranial injury, 11.2 days for all other fractures, and 9.1 days for all other injuries. About 50% of fall injury events that occurred at home and required hospital admission resulted in a person being discharged to a nursing home.
X-ray Fluorescence Analysis in Weed Science (1975)

X-ray fluorescence analysis (XFA) is a new method for the spatial localization and quantification of herbicide residue on leaf surfaces. The distribution pattern of propanil (3′,4′-dichloropropionanilide) on the surface of prune ( Prunus domestica L.) leaves sprayed to simulate drift is easily mapped using XFA. Residue distribution maps may be electronically enhanced. Enhancement does not qualitatively change the information content of the map when done with discretion.
A Phase 2a Randomized, Parallel Group, Dose-Ranging Study of Molindone in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Persistent, Serious Conduct Problems (2012)

Molindone at doses of 5-20 mg/day (children weighing <30 kg) and 20-40 mg (≥ 30 kg) was well tolerated, and preliminary efficacy results suggest that molindone produces dose-related behavioral improvements over 9-12 weeks. Additional double-blind, placebo-controlled trials are needed to further investigate molindone in this pediatric population.
Multi-scale Computer-Aided Design for additive manufacturing (2014)

Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies enable the fabrication of parts and devices that are geometrically complex and can have complex material compositions. To take advantage of these capabilities, Computer-Aided Design systems must be able to represent many thousands of geometric elements and understand how materials behave, which current CAD systems based on parametric, solid modeling approaches can not accomplish. We present new design and CAD technologies to achieve these objectives. For complex geometries, a new representation has been developed and demonstrated on a wide range of cellular materials (lattices, honeycombs, etc.). This representation has been used as the basis for a very efficient optimization method for designing lightweight structures. For understanding materials, an approach for integrating material process-structure-property relationships into CAD models has been developed that uses a common set of basis functions for representing both macro-scale part geometry and the micro-scale geometry of material microstructures (grains and fiber or particle reinforcements). Surfacelets(extensions of wavelets) are the basis functions that are used to construct a multi-scale, heterogeneous geometric/material representation. Examples of aerospace parts and AM materials illustrate the technologies.
Detecting data and schema changes in scientific documents (2002)

Data stored in a data warehouse must be kept consistent and up-to-date with respect to the underlying information sources. By providing the capability to identify, categorize and detect changes in these sources, only the modified data needs to be transferred and entered into the warehouse. Another alternative, periodically reloading from scratch, is obviously inefficient. When the schema of an information source changes, all components that interact with, or make use of data originating from that source must be updated to conform. The change detection problem is the problem of detecting data and schema changes by comparing two versions of the same semi-structured document. We present an approach to detecting data and schema changes for scientific documents. Scientific data is of particular interest because it is normally stored as a semi-structured document, and suffers frequent schema updates. This paper demonstrates the use of graphs to represent scientific documents in particular and semi-structured documents in general as well as their schema. It also demonstrates an approach to efficiently detect data and schema changes by merging the detection with parsing the document.
Geographical and temporal distribution of Ockelbo disease in Sweden (1991)

The incidence of Ockelbo disease and the prevalence of Ockelbo virus neutralizing antibodies were investigated in a sample of the Swedish population. The disease occurs throughout most of Sweden but with higher incidence and antibody prevalence rates in the central part of the country. It generally affects middle-aged men and women, with equal incidence between sexes, and is uncommon in people younger than 20 years of age. The disease occurs during a short period each year between the third week of July and the first week of October, with a peak during the second half of August. During the 8 years studied (1981-8), an average of 31 Ockelbo patients/year were diagnosed. The antibody prevalence rates in the oldest age groups were 20-40 times higher than the accumulated life-risk of being diagnosed and reported as an Ockelbo disease patient, which suggests that many cases are asymptomatic and/or unreported.
Thrombin Induces the Activation of Progelatinase A in Vascular Endothelial Cells (1995)

Angiogenesis requires degradation of vascular basement membrane prior to migration and proliferation of endothelial cells; proteinases are essential ingredients in this process. Because of thrombin's multiple effects on endothelium, we have examined its role in matrix metalloproteinase activation using human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Gelatin zymography of endothelial conditioned media revealed a prominent 72-kDa progelatinase A band. Addition of alpha-thrombin to endothelial cells resulted in the generation of 64 and 62 kDa gelatinolytic bands which is consistent with the activation of progelatinase A; thrombin had no effect in the absence of cells. This effect requires the proteolytic site of thrombin since progelatinase A activation was abolished by specific inhibitors of thrombin. Matrix metaloproteinase inhibitors diminished thrombin-induced activation of progelatinase A. Pretreatment of endothelial cells with excess tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 or a COOH-terminal fragment of progelatinase A abrogated thrombin-mediated activation of progelatinase A presumably by competing with the COOH terminus of native progelatinase A for interaction with an activator site on endothelial plasma membranes. Although membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase was demonstrated in endothelial cells by Northern and Western blotting, the receptor function of this molecule in thrombin-induced activation of progelatinase A needs to be clarified. Progelatinase A activation did not require intracellular signal transduction events mediated by the thrombin receptor. These data demonstrate that 1) endothelial cells express a novel activation mechanism for progelatinase A, 2) proteolytically active thrombin regulates this activation mechanism, and 3) activation occurs independently of the functional thrombin receptor.
Path Planning Via CPLEX Optimization (2008)

This paper presents an optimized solution of finding time-optimal trajectories for autonomous systems. These systems are subject to avoidance requirements, which include avoidance of collisions with other systems and obstacles, either static or dynamic. The necessary constraints for avoidance are added to a time-optimizing linear program by including a binary variable in the optimization. The resulting problem is a mixed-integer linear program (MILP). This will be solved using AMPL mathematical programming language in conjunction with CPLEX optimization software.