gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distribution of prostaglandins in gastric and duodenal mucosa of healthy subjects and duodenal ulcer patients: effects of aspirin and paracetamol. (1981)

The distribution of mucosal PGE2-like activity was determined by bioassay technique in the body and antrum of the stomach and in the duodenum of healthy subjects and duodenal ulcer patients before and after administration of aspirin, paracetamol, or histamine. In healthy subjects, the oxyntic, antral and duodenal mucosa was found to be capable of generating large amounts of PGE2, which were not significantly different from those found in duodenal ulcer patients. No correlation was found between the generation of PGE2 and gastric acid secretory status or serum gastrin level. Aspirin-and to a much lesser extent, paracetamol-caused a dramatic reduction in the ability of the gastric mucosa to biosynthesis PGE2 and this was accompanied by marked side-effects and injury to the gastric mucosa. Administration of histamine caused small but significant reduction in the biosynthesis of PGE2 but it was accompanied by marked mucosal damage. This study indicates that the gastric and duodenal mucosa is capable of generating PGE2-like activity which may be involved in the mechanism that protects the mucosa against the damage caused by aspirin.
Perpetual environmentally powered sensor networks (2005)

Environmental energy is an attractive power source for low power wireless sensor networks. We present Prometheus, a system that intelligently manages energy transfer for perpetual operation without human intervention or servicing. Combining positive attributes of different energy storage elements and leveraging the intelligence of the microprocessor, we introduce an efficient multi-stage energy transfer system that reduces the common limitations of single energy storage systems to achieve near perpetual operation. We present our design choices, tradeoffs, circuit evaluations, performance analysis, and models. We discuss the relationships between system components and identify optimal hardware choices to meet an application's needs. Finally we present our implementation of a real system that uses solar energy to power Berkeley's Telos Mote. Our analysis predicts the system will operate for 43 years under 1% load, 4 years under 10% load, and 1 year under 100% load. Our implementation uses a two stage storage system consisting of supercapacitors (primary buffer) and a lithium rechargeable battery (secondary buffer). The mote has full knowledge of power levels and intelligently manages energy transfer to maximize lifetime.
Design of the EROS trusted window system (2004)

Permission is granted for noncommercial reproduction of the work for educational or research purposes.
Prevalence of Total Hip and Knee Replacement in the United States (2015)

Background: Descriptive epidemiology of total joint replacement procedures is limited to annual procedure volumes (incidence). The prevalence of the growing number of individuals living with a total hip or total knee replacement is currently unknown. Our objective was to estimate the prevalence of total hip and total knee replacement in the United States. Methods: Prevalence was estimated using the counting method by combining historical incidence data from the National Hospital Discharge Survey and the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) State Inpatient Databases from 1969 to 2010 with general population census and mortality counts. We accounted for relative differences in mortality rates between those who have had total hip or knee replacement and the general population. Results: The 2010 prevalence of total hip and total knee replacement in the total U.S. population was 0.83% and 1.52%, respectively. Prevalence was higher among women than among men and increased with age, reaching 5.26% for total hip replacement and 10.38% for total knee replacement at eighty years. These estimates corresponded to 2.5 million individuals (1.4 million women and 1.1 million men) with total hip replacement and 4.7 million individuals (3.0 million women and 1.7 million men) with total knee replacement in 2010. Secular trends indicated a substantial rise in prevalence over time and a shift to younger ages. Conclusions: Around 7 million Americans are living with a hip or knee replacement, and consequently, in most cases, are mobile, despite advanced arthritis. These numbers underscore the substantial public health impact of total hip and knee arthroplasties.
Isolation and characterization of native human renin derived from Chinese hamster ovary cells (1986)

Transfection of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells with a plasmid containing the cDNA for human preprorenin has provided cell lines that secrete 15 mg of native prorenin per liter of culture medium. Tryptic activation of the prorenin occurs by selective cleavage of the Arg66-Leu67 bond (numbering as in preprorenin). The renin product, purified in a single step and in high yield by affinity chromatography, is fully stable for as long as 8 months when stored in solution at 4 degrees C and pH 6.5. Purity of the renin was judged to be greater than 95% by gel electrophoresis, compositional and N-terminal sequence analyses, and specific enzyme activity. An important aspect of the present work is the development of a direct assay for renin which permits accurate and reproducible evaluation of enzyme units and kinetic parameters. Application of methods described herein, combined with appropriate scale-up fermentation capabilities, provides the means for generating gram quantities of human renin and its zymogen.
Murine Major Histocompatibility Complex Class-I Mutants: Molecular Analysis and Structure-Function Implications (1986)

The class-I mutants have provided a model system for understanding the generation of diversity of the genes encoding the histocompatibility molecules K, D, and L, and the relationship of their structure to function. The complex nature of the alterations found in Kb molecules from mutant mice has been documented at the nucleic acid level for eight mutants. The clustered changes in the mutant genes are consistent with the hypothesis that genetic recombination between class-I genes generates the Kb mutants. Techniques using synthetic oligonucleotide probes to mutant DNA sequence demonstrated that other class-I genes were available as donors for interaction with the Kb gene to produce the mutations. Intriguingly, donor genes found in the K region (K1) and the D region (Db), as well as the Qa regions (Q4, Q10), were capable of the interactions. The amount of genetic transfer to Kb from other class-I donor genes may range from a potential minimum of 5 nucleotides to a potential maximum of 95 nucleotides. Genealogical analysis of several bm mutants has further indicated that at least some, if not all, of the gene interaction events generating Kb mutations occurred during mitotic amplification of the germ cells. Genetic recombination among class-I genes occurring in nature to the extent observed for the Kbm mutants could readily generate mosaic transplantation genes containing sequences derived from other class-I genes. Thus, it seems likely that genetic interaction plays a major role in the diversification and ongoing evolution of the MHC. The localization of altered amino acids in the in vivo mutant Kb molecules has directed our attention to recognition regions on the Kb product that play a major role in determining alloreactivity and H-2 associative recognition. The replacement of one or a few amino acids in either of the postulated recognition regions located in the alpha 1 domain (residues 70-90) or alpha 2 domain (residues 150-180) can have marked effects on biological function. While the majority of monoclonal antibodies recognize epitopes in one or the other recognition region, CTL recognize determinants dependent on the apparent interaction of amino acids located in both regions. These overall conclusions are supported to a large extent by studies on mutants derived from several sources, i.e. spontaneous mutants, mutagen-induced somatic variants, and products of hybrid H-2 genes. Studies of in vitro variants can provide a more refined approach for analysis of structure-function relationships through the introduction of minimal biochemical changes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
The Enteric Nervous System (1981)

The brain's default mode network consists of discrete, bilateral and symmetrical cortical areas, in the medial and lateral parietal, medial prefrontal, and medial and lateral temporal cortices of the human, nonhuman primate, cat, and rodent brains. Its ...Read More
Simultaneous left atrium volume tracking from echocardiographic movies (2008)

Left ventricular (LV) function evaluation is an integral part of every echocardiographic examination of the heart. Left atrial (LA) evaluation provides valuable clinical information that can contribute greatly to LV function evaluation. An automatic method for simultaneous tracking of LV and LA volumes through cardiac cycle is presented. The proposed method provides an extended framework for LV function analysis.
Induction of mRNA for a serine protease and a <i>beta</i>-thromboglobulin-like protein in mitogen-stimulated human leukocytes. (1987)

Two cDNA clones corresponding to genes that are induced at least 10-fold in peripheral human blood leukocytes by staphylococcal enterotoxin A were isolated and sequenced. Clone 1-3E encodes a 247-residue protein that comprises a putative signal sequence, and resembles a serine protease; the cognate mRNA is expressed in T lymphocyte clones but in none of the other human cell lines tested. The deduced protein sequence is most closely related (68% homology) to that of the postulated protease CCPI from activated murine cytotoxic T lymphocytes and to that of rat mast cell protease II (47% homology). The other cDNA, 3-10C, encodes a protein of 99 residues that resembles human beta-thromboglobulin (42% homology); the cognate mRNA was also found in SEA-stimulated U937 cells, a histiocytic lymphoma-derived cell line.
FOXO1, TGF-β Regulation and Wound Healing (2014)

Re-epithelialization is a complex process that involves migration and proliferation of keratinocytes, in addition to the production of cytokines and growth factors that affect other cells. The induction of transcription factors during these processes is crucial for successful wound healing. The transcription factor forkhead boxO-1 (FOXO1) has recently been found to be an important regulator of wound healing. In particular, FOXO1 has significant effects through regulation of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) expression and protecting keratinocytes from oxidative stress. In the absence of FOXO1, there is increased oxidative damage, reduced TGF-β1 expression, reduced migration and proliferation of keratinocytes and increased keratinocytes apoptosis leading to impaired re-epithelialization of wounds.
CellSs: a Programming Model for the Cell BE Architecture (2006)

In this work we present Cell superscalar (CellSs) which addresses the automatic exploitation of the functional parallelism of a sequential program through the different processing elements of the Cell BE architecture. The focus in on the simplicity and flexibility of the programming model. Based on a simple annotation of the source code, a source to source compiler generates the necessary code and a runtime library exploits the existing parallelism by building at runtime a task dependency graph. The runtime takes care of the task scheduling and data handling between the different processors of this heterogeneous architecture. Besides, a locality-aware task scheduling has been implemented to reduce the overhead of data transfers. The approach has been implemented and tested with a set of examples and the results obtained since now are promising
A Porphyrinogen Bridged with and a Porphyrin Substituted by 1,8‐Diethynylanthracene (1994)

Abstract Treatment of 1,8‐diethynylanthracene with n ‐butyllithium and N ‐formylpiperidine at −5°C gives a mixture of the monoaldehyde 4 and the dialdehyde 2 . Further reaction of these aldehydes with the 2,2′‐dipyrrylmethane 1 affords the bridged porphyrinogen 3 and the meso ‐substituted porphyrin 5 , respectively. magnified image
Identification of a small molecule inhibitor of the hedgehog signaling pathway: Effects on basal cell carcinoma-like lesions (2003)

The link between basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and aberrant activation of the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway has been well established in humans and in mouse models. Here we report the development of assays, including two novel in vitro BCC models, which allowed us to screen for Hh inhibitors and test their validity as potential treatments for BCC. We identified a novel small molecule Hh inhibitor (CUR61414) that can block elevated Hh signaling activity resulting from oncogenic mutations in Patched-1. Moreover, CUR61414 can suppress proliferation and induce apoptosis of basaloid nests in the BCC model systems, whereas having no effect on normal skin cells. These findings directly demonstrate that the use of Hh inhibitors could be a valid therapeutic approach for treating BCC.
In Vitro Evidence That the Untranslated Leader of the HIV-1 Genome Is an RNA Checkpoint That Regulates Multiple Functions through Conformational Changes (2002)

The HIV-1 RNA genome forms dimers through base pairing of a palindromic 6-mer sequence that is exposed in the loop of the dimer initiation signal (DIS) hairpin structure (loop-loop kissing). The HIV-1 leader RNA can adopt a secondary structure conformation that is not able to dimerize because the DIS hairpin is not folded. Instead, this DIS motif is base-paired in a long distance interaction (LDI) that extends the stem of the primer-binding site domain. In this study, we show that targeting of the LDI by either antisense oligonucleotides or specific mutations can induce the conformational switch to a branched multiple hairpin (BMH) structure, and this LDI-to-BMH switch coincides with increased RNA dimerization. Another interesting finding is that the extended LDI stem can resist a certain level of destabilization, indicating that a buffer is created to prevent a premature conformational switch and early dimerization. Because the tRNA(Lys3) primer for reverse transcription anneals to multiple sequence elements of the HIV-1 leader RNA, including sequences in the LDI stem, we tested whether tRNA-annealing can destabilize the LDI stem such that RNA dimerization is triggered. Using a combination of stem-destabilizing approaches, we indeed measured a small but significant effect of tRNA-annealing on the ability of the RNA template to form dimers. This observation suggests that HIV-1 RNA can act as a checkpoint to control and coordinate different leader functions through conformational switches. This in vitro result should be verified in subsequent in vivo studies with HIV-infected cells.
Hydroxyproline analogs of bradykinin (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydroxyproline analogs of bradykininJohn Morrow Stewart, James W. Ryan, and Brady A. H.Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 1974, 17, 5, 537–539Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1974https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00251a016RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views61Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (435 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Concussion in Professional Football: Comparison with Boxing Head Impacts—Part 10 (2005)

Olympic boxers deliver punches with high impact velocity but lower HIC and translational acceleration than in football impacts because of a lower effective punch mass. They cause proportionately more rotational acceleration than in football. Modeling shows that the greatest strain is in the midbrain late in the exposure, after the primary impact acceleration in boxing and football.
Sequential dose‐dense doxorubicin and ifosfamide for advanced soft tissue sarcomas (2004)

Sequential administration of dose-dense DX and high-dose IF is feasible and exhibits an acceptable hematologic toxicity profile and a level of activity that is within the range described for schedules that combine high-dose IF with an anthracycline.
Subcutaneous Oxyntomodulin Reduces Body Weight in Overweight and Obese Subjects (2005)

This study investigated the effect of subcutaneously administered oxyntomodulin on body weight in healthy overweight and obese volunteers. Participants self-administered saline or oxyntomodulin subcutaneously in a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group protocol. Injections were self-administered for 4 weeks, three times daily, 30 min before each meal. The volunteers were asked to maintain their regular diet and level of physical exercise during the study period. Subjects' body weight, energy intake, and levels of adipose hormones were assessed at the start and end of the study. Body weight was reduced by 2.3 +/- 0.4 kg in the treatment group over the study period compared with 0.5 +/- 0.5 kg in the control group (P = 0.0106). On average, the treatment group had an additional 0.45-kg weight loss per week. The treatment group demonstrated a reduction in leptin and an increase in adiponectin. Energy intake by the treatment group was significantly reduced by 170 +/- 37 kcal (25 +/- 5%) at the initial study meal (P = 0.0007) and by 250 +/- 63 kcal (35 +/- 9%) at the final study meal (P = 0.0023), with no change in subjective food palatability. Oxyntomodulin treatment resulted in weight loss and a change in the levels of adipose hormones consistent with a loss of adipose tissue. The anorectic effect was maintained over the 4-week period. Oxyntomodulin represents a potential therapy for obesity.
Characterization of the H2- and CO-dependent chemolithotrophic potentials of the acetogens Clostridium thermoaceticum and Acetogenium kivui (1990)

Strains of Clostridium thermoaceticum were tested for H2- and CO-dependent growth in a defined medium containing metals, minerals, vitamins, cysteine-sulfide, CO2-bicarbonate, and H2 or CO. Ten of the thirteen strains tested grew at the expense of H2 and CO, and C. thermoaceticum ATCC 39073 was chosen for further study. The doubling times for H2- and CO-dependent growth under chemolithotrophic conditions (the defined medium with nicotinic acid as sole essential vitamin and sulfide as sole reducer) were 25 and 10 h, respectively. Product stiochiometries for chemolithotrophic cultures approximated: 4.1H2 + 2.4CO2----CH3COOH + 0.1 cell C + 0.3 unrecovered C and 6.8CO----CH3COOH + 3.5CO2 + 0.4 cell C + 0.9 unrecovered C. H2-dependent growth produced significantly higher acetate concentrations per unit of biomass synthesized than did CO- or glucose-dependent growth. In contrast, the doubling time for H2-dependent growth under chemolithotrophic conditions (the defined medium without vitamins and sulfide as sole reducer) by Acetogenium kivui ATCC 33488 was 2.7 h; as a sole energy source, CO was not growth supportive for A. kivui. The YH2 values for A. kivui and C. thermoaceticum were 0.91 and 0.46 g of cell dry weight per mol of H2 consumed, respectively; the YCO value for C. thermoaceticum was 1.28 g of cell dry weight per mol of CO consumed. The specific activities of hydrogenase and CO dehydrogenase in both acetogens were influenced by the energy source utilized for growth and were significantly lower in C. thermoaceticum than in A. kivui. With extracts of H2-cultivated cells and benzyl viologen as electron acceptor, the Vmax values for hydrogenase from C. thermoaceticum and A. kivui were 155.7 and 1,670 micromoles of H2 oxidized per min mg of protein, respectively; the Vmax values for CO dehydrogenase from C. thermoaceticum and A. kivui were 90.6 and 2,973 micromoles of CO oxidized per min per mg of protein, respectively.
Beam-bending in spatially variant photonic crystals at telecommunications wavelengths (2016)

This work reports the fabrication of micron-scale spatially variant photonic crystals (SVPCs) and their use for steering light beams through turns with bending radius R<sub>bend</sub> on the order of ten times the optical wavelength λ<sub>0</sub>. Devices based on conventional photonic crystals, metamaterials, plasmonics and transformation optics have all been explored for controlling light beams and steering them through tight turns. These devices offer promise for photonic interconnects, but they are based on exotic materials, including metals, that make them impractically lossy or difficult to fabricate. Waveguides can also be used to steer light using total internal reflection; however, R<sub>bend</sub> of a waveguide must be hundreds of times λ<sub>0</sub> to guide light efficiently, which limits their use in optical circuits. SVPCs are spatially variant 3D lattices which can be created in transparent, low-refractive-index media and used to control the propagation of light through the self-collimation effect. SVPCs were fabricated by multi-photon lithography using the commercially available photo-polymer IP-DIP. The SVPCs were structurally and optically characterized and found to be capable of bending light having λ<sub>0</sub> = 1.55 &mu;m through a 90-degree turn with R<sub>bend</sub> = 10 &mu;m. Curved waveguides with R<sub>bend</sub> = 15 &mu;m and 35 &mu;m were also fabricated using IP-DIP and optically characterized. The SVPCs were able to steer the light beams through tighter turns than either waveguide and with higher efficiency.
Intramolecular Long-Distance Electron Transfer in Organic Molecules (1988)

Intramolecular long-distance electron transfer (EI) has been actively studied in recent years in order to test existing theories in a quantitative way and to provide the necessary constants for predicting ET rates from simple structural parameters. Theoretical predictions of an "inverted region," where increasing the driving force of the reaction will decrease its rate, have begun to be experimentally confirmed. A predicted nonlinear dependence of ET rates on the polarity of the solvent has also been confirmed. This work has implications for the design of efficient photochemical charge-separation devices. Other studies have been directed toward determining the distance dependence of ET reactions. Model studies on different series of compounds give similar distance dependences. When different stereochemical structures are compared, it becomes apparent that geometrical factors must be taken into account. Finally, the mechanism of coupling between donor and acceptor in weakly interacting systems has become of major importance. The theoretical and experimental evidence favors a model in which coupling is provided by the interaction with the orbitals of the intervening molecular fragments, although more experimental evidence is needed.