gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The junction-associated protein, zonula occludens-1, localizes to the nucleus before the maturation and during the remodeling of cell-cell contacts. (1996)

The junction-associated protein zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) is a member of a family of membrane-associated guanylate kinase homologues thought to be important in signal transduction at sites of cell-cell contact. We present evidence that under certain conditions of cell growth, ZO-1 can be detected in the nucleus. Two different antibodies against distinct portions of the ZO-1 polypeptide reveal nuclear staining in subconfluent, but not confluent, cell cultures. An exogenously expressed, epitope-tagged ZO-1 can also be detected in the nuclei of transfected cells. Nuclear accumulation can be stimulated at sites of wounding in cultured epithelial cells, and immunoperoxidase detection of ZO-1 in tissue sections of intestinal epithelial cells reveals nuclear labeling only along the outer tip of the villus. These results suggest that the nuclear localization of ZO-1 is inversely related to the extent and/or maturity of cell contact. Since cell-cell contacts are specialized sites for signaling pathways implicated in growth and differentiation, we suggest that the nuclear accumulation of ZO-1 may be relevant for its suggested role in membrane-associated guanylate kinase homologue signal transduction.
Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) induces apoptosis or autophagy-associated cell death in chondrosarcoma cell lines. (2008)

These results suggest that SAHA might be a promising agent for performing clinically useful chemotherapy against chondrosarcomas.
780 nm emitting Al-free active region diode lasers with compressively-strained InGaAsP quantum wells (1997)

Summary form only given. 0.78 /spl mu/m, Al-free active-region, compressively-strained (/spl Delta/a/a=0.85%) InGaAsP quantum well diode lasers have been grown by MOCVD. Broad-stripe (100 /spl mu/m-wide) devices exhibit low threshold current densities, 290 A/cm/sup 2/ (L=1 mm), and cw front-facet output powers of 2.2 W.
Induction of Broadly Neutralizing H1N1 Influenza Antibodies by Vaccination (2010)

The rapid dissemination of the 2009 pandemic influenza virus underscores the need for universal influenza vaccines that elicit protective immunity to diverse viral strains. Here, we show that vaccination with plasmid DNA encoding H1N1 influenza hemagglutinin (HA) and boosting with seasonal vaccine or replication-defective adenovirus 5 vector encoding HA stimulated the production of broadly neutralizing influenza antibodies. This prime/boost combination increased the neutralization of diverse H1N1 strains dating from 1934 to 2007 as compared to either component alone and conferred protection against divergent H1N1 viruses in mice and ferrets. These antibodies were directed to the conserved stem region of HA and were also elicited in nonhuman primates. Cross-neutralization of H1N1 subtypes elicited by this approach provides a basis for the development of a universal influenza vaccine for humans.
Measure of goodness of a set of color-scanning filters (1993)

Accurate scanning of a color image, which is absolutely essential for good color reproduction, can ensure that all relevant information about the color stimulus of a signal is obtained. The set of scanning filters is hence an important component of a color reproduction system. In this paper we introduce a measure of the goodness of a set of color-scanning filters. This measure relates the space spanned by the scanning filters to the human visual subspace. The q factor of a single color-scanning filter is shown to be a particular case of the measure. Experimental results are presented to justify the appropriateness of the measure.
Scars and keloids (2004)

promote appropriate goals such as furthering high quality medicine, patient centred care, and efficient use of resources. 10 11 The difficulty is to avoid or minimise the perverse side effects of incentives. That goal requires careful use of incentives, evaluation of their effect, and a fair dose of scepticism. Health policy makers in much of the world today embrace uncritically the use of incentives for doctors, ignoring their problems and risks. Instead they should treat incentives like drugs-a powerful product that can be beneficial but also dangerous. Society should control the use of incentives for doctors carefully to ensure that they are safe as well as effective in the way they are used.
Tungsten Recovery from Spent SCR Catalyst Using Alkaline Leaching and Ion Exchange (2016)

The recovery of tungsten (W) from a honeycomb-type spent selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst using an alkaline leaching–ion exchange method was investigated. Spent SCR catalyst mainly consists of TiO2 and other oxides (6.37% W, 1.57% vanadium (V), and 2.81% silicon (Si), etc.). The ground catalyst was leached at the optimal conditions, as follows: NaOH concentration of 0.3 kg/kg of catalyst, pulp density of 3%, leaching temperature of 70 °C, particle size of −74 μm, and leaching time of 30 min. In this study, the leaching rate values of V and W under the above conditions were 87 wt %, and 91 wt %, respectively. The pregnant solution was then passed through a strong base anion exchange resin (Amberlite IRA900). At high pH conditions, the use of strong base anion exchange resin led to selective loading of divalent WO42− from the solution, because the fraction of two adjacent positively-charged sites on the IRA900 resin was higher and separate from the coexisting VO43−. The adsorbed W could then be eluted with 1 M NaCl + 0.5 M NaOH. The final concentrated W solution had 8.4 g/L of W with 98% purity. The application of this process in industry is expected to have an important impact on the recovery of W from secondary sources of these metals.
An inspection robot for feeder cables-snake like motion control (2003)

The authors discuss the basic control structure for an inspection robot for feeder cables. Since the feeder cables stretch over an extremely long distance, automatic inspection is necessary. Feeder cables have many irregular points, i.e feeder branches, insulators, and so on, and thus development of such robots is difficult. As a first stage of the development, an attempt has been made to build a prototype which can pass through vertical-type irregular points. The prototype has a multicar structure with joint connections and a snakelike motion control architecture. The mechanical structure and control architecture are described, and it is shown that such a robot can run on the cable smoothly with enough speed, and can avoid vertical irregular points.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Effects of Age and Sex on Postprandial Glucose Metabolism (2006)

To determine the effects of age and sex on the regulation of postprandial glucose metabolism, glucose turnover, insulin secretion, insulin action, and hepatic insulin extraction were concurrently measured in 145 healthy elderly (aged 70 +/- 1 years) and in 58 young (aged 28 +/- 1 years) men and women before and after ingestion of a mixed meal containing [1-(13)C]glucose. At the time of meal ingestion, [6-(3)H]glucose and [6,6-(2)H(2)]glucose were infused intravenously to enable concurrent measurement of the rates of postprandial endogenous glucose production (EGP), meal appearance, and glucose disappearance. Fasting and postprandial glucose concentrations were higher (P < 0.001) in both elderly women and elderly men compared with young individuals of the same sex. The higher postprandial glucose concentrations in the elderly than young women were caused by higher rates of meal appearance (P < 0.01) and slightly lower (P < 0.05) rates of glucose disappearance immediately after eating. In contrast, higher glucose concentrations in the elderly than young men were solely due to decreased (P < 0.001) glucose disappearance. Although postprandial glucose concentrations did not differ in elderly women and elderly men, rates of meal appearance and glucose disappearance rates both were higher (P < 0.001) in the women. Fasting EGP was higher (P < 0.05) in elderly than young subjects of both sexes and in women than men regardless of age. On the other hand, postprandial suppression of EGP was rapid all groups. Insulin action and secretion were lower (P < 0.001) in the elderly than young men but did not differ in the elderly and young women. This resulted in lower (P < 0.001) meal disposition indexes in elderly than young men but no difference in elderly and young women. Total meal disposition indexes were lower (P < 0.05) in elderly men than elderly women, indicating impaired insulin secretion, whereas disposition indexes were higher (P < 0.05) in young men than young women. Hepatic insulin clearance was greater (P < 0.001) in the elderly than young subjects of both sexes but did not differ between men and women regardless of age. In contrast, the ability of glucose to facilitate its own uptake (glucose effectiveness) was higher (P < 0.001) in women than men but did not differ in elderly and young subjects. Thus, age and sex impact on insulin secretion, insulin action, hepatic insulin extraction, and glucose effectiveness, resulting in substantial differences in the regulation of postprandial glucose metabolism in men and women and in elderly and young subjects.
Editor's Introduction (1978)

Abstract The present system of Soviet secondary education is confusingly furcated, despite claims that it is a comprehensive, unified system. Roughly one-half those who graduate from the basic block of eight years of compulsory schooling — known as incomplete secondary school — go on to finish a complete, ten-year secondary education. Roughly one-third of the age group attends vocational-technical schools after the eighth grade, and the rest either enter secondary specialized schools, called technicums, or join the labor force, where they are encouraged to enroll in evening courses to finish school. The technicums teach more advanced courses than the vocational-technical schools and are part of the national system of higher, professional education. The vocational-technical schools have traditionally trained eight-year-school leavers for skilled employment in one- to three-year programs; an increasing number are being converted to secondary vocational-technical schools, combining a minimum curriculum of the general education program offered in the regular, ten-year secondary school with narrow occupational training. The ultimate goal of Soviet educational development is a single, polytechnical labor school, a school that will give all youth a common academic education and broad, flexible preparation for a life of work in socialist society.
Identification of a Divergent Lineage Porcine Pestivirus in Nursing Piglets with Congenital Tremors and Reproduction of Disease following Experimental Inoculation (2016)

Congenital tremors is a sporadic disease of neonatal pigs characterized by action-related repetitive myoclonus. A majority of outbreaks of congenital tremors have been attributed to an unidentified virus. The objectives of this project were to 1) detect potential pathogen(s) in samples from piglets with congenital tremors and 2) develop an infection model to reproduce disease. Using next-generation sequencing, a divergent lineage pestivirus was detected in piglets with congenital tremors. The virus was originally most closely related to a bat pestivirus but is now more closely related to a recently published novel porcine pestivirus provisionally named atypical porcine pestivirus. A quantitative real-time PCR detected the virus in samples from neonatal piglets with congenital tremors from two separate farms, but not in samples from unaffected piglets from the same farm. To fulfill the second objective, pregnant sows were inoculated with either serum containing the pestivirus or PBS (control) by intravenous and intranasal routes simultaneously with direct inoculation of fetal amniotic vesicles by ultrasound-guided surgical technique. Inoculations were performed at either 45 or 62 days of gestation. All sows inoculated with the novel pestivirus farrowed piglets affected with congenital tremors while PBS-inoculated control piglets were unaffected. Tremor severity for each piglet was scored from videos taken 0, 1 and 2 days post-farrowing. Tremor severity remained relatively constant from 0 to 2 days post-farrowing for a majority of piglets. The prevalence of congenital tremors in pestivirus-inoculated litters ranged from 57% (4 out of 7 affected piglets) to 100% (10 out of 10 affected piglets). The virus was consistently detected by PCR in tissues from piglets with congenital tremors but was not detected in control piglets. Samples positive by PCR in greater than 90% of piglets sampled included brainstem (37 out of 41), mesenteric lymph node (37 out of 41), tracheobronchial lymph node (37 out of 41), and whole blood (19 out of 20). Although the first description of congenital tremors was in 1922, this is the first reported reproduction of congenital tremors following experimental inoculation with a divergent lineage porcine pestivirus. Studies investigating disease mechanism, epidemiology, and diagnostic assay development are needed to better understand the pathophysiology of congenital tremors due to this pestivirus.
Effect of Smart Storage in Ubiquitous Power Grid on Frequency Control (2011)

Penetrating large amount of renewable energy sources into power system, battery energy storage performs an important role for smoothing their natural intermittency, ensuring grid-wide frequency stability, and suppressing voltage rise caused by reverse power flow. The ubiquitous power grid is one of the concepts as a smart grid in Japanese context, where the total battery capacity can be optimized by coordinating renewable energy sources, controllable distributed generators, and controllable loads on demand side, for example, heat pump based water heater with heat storage, and plug-in hybrid vehicle or electric vehicle with onboard battery, and so on. These controllable devices behave as an autonomous distributed smart storage by charging or discharging against the power system frequency measurement as paying attention to user convenience. In this paper, the effects of the autonomous distributed smart storage on load frequency control of the bulk power system are investigated. And the authors propose a simple coordinated control scheme to the spinning reserve of the thermal power generator.
Cartilage Tissue Remodeling in Response to Mechanical Forces (2000)

Recent studies suggest that there are multiple regulatory pathways by which chondrocytes in articular cartilage sense and respond to mechanical stimuli, including upstream signaling pathways and mechanisms that may lead to direct changes at the level of transcription, translation, post-translational modifications, and cell-mediated extracellular assembly and degradation of the tissue matrix. This review focuses on the effects of mechanical loading on cartilage and the resulting chondrocyte-mediated biosynthesis, remodeling, degradation, and repair of this tissue. The effects of compression and tissue shear deformation are compared, and approaches to the study of mechanical regulation of gene expression are described. Of particular interest regarding dense connective tissues, recent experiments have shown that mechanotransduction is critically important in vivo in the cell-mediated feedback between physical stimuli, the molecular structure of newly synthesized matrix molecules, and the resulting macroscopic biomechanical properties of the tissue.
Functional switch between motor tracts in the presence of the mAb IN-1 in the adult rat (2001)

Fine finger and hand movements in humans, monkeys, and rats are under the direct control of the corticospinal tract (CST). CST lesions lead to severe, long-term deficits of precision movements. We transected completely both CSTs in adult rats and treated the animals for 2 weeks with an antibody that neutralized the central nervous system neurite growth inhibitory protein Nogo-A (mAb IN-1). Anatomical studies of the rubrospinal tracts showed that the number of collaterals innervating the cervical spinal cord doubled in the mAb IN-1- but not in the control antibody-treated animals. Precision movements of the forelimb and fingers were severely impaired in the controls, but almost completely recovered in the mAb IN-1-treated rats. Low threshold microstimulation of the motor cortex induced a rapid forelimb electromyography response that was mediated by the red nucleus in the mAb IN-1 animals but not in the controls. These findings demonstrate an unexpectedly high capacity of the adult central nervous system motor system to sprout and reorganize in a targeted and functionally meaningful way.
Zika Virus Transmission from French Polynesia to Brazil (2015)

To the Editor: Campos et al. (1) reported a Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak in Brazil in 2015.This response adds complementary data related to the propagation of this mosquitoborne disease.To date, the largest ZIKV outbreak occurred in French Polynesia during 2013-2014.The outbreak spread to other Pacific Islands: New Caledonia, Cook Islands, Easter Island, Vanuatu, and Solomon Islands (2).The origin of introduction of ZIKV to French Polynesia remains unknown; introduction of ZIKV in New Caledonia was after imported cases from French Polynesia (3); introduction to Easter Island was suspected to have occurred among attendees of the annual Tapati festival, including those from French Polynesia (4).The virus was likely transmitted to New Caledonia, Cook Islands, and Easter Island when infected travelers from French Polynesia were bitten by vectors while on the islands.Frequent travel between New Caledonia and Vanuatu is likely related to the introduction of ZIKV in the latter country.Phylogenetic studies showed that the closest strain to the one that emerged in Brazil was isolated from samples from case-patients in French Polynesia and spread among the Pacific Islands (1); both strains belong to the Asian lineage.It has been assumed that ZIKV was introduced to Brazil during a World Cup soccer competition in 2014 (5), although no ZIKV-endemic Pacific countries competed.However, in August 2014, the Va'a World Sprint Championship canoe race was held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.Four Pacific countries (French Polynesia, New Caledonia, Cook Islands, and Easter Island) in which ZIKV circulated during 2014 had teams engaged in this contest in several categories.These data combined with phylogenetic studies by Zanluca et al. ( 5) suggest that ZIKV introduction in Brazil may have been a consequence of this event.In areas where potential vectors are present, vigilance should be enhanced to detect imported cases of ZIKV, and laboratory capacity to confirm suspected ZIKV infections should be strengthened.
Orally administered extract from<i>Prunella vulgaris</i>attenuates spontaneous colitis in mdr1a<sup>-/-</sup>mice (2015)

The anti-inflammatory activity of P. vulgaris ethanolic extract effectively attenuated the severity of intestinal inflammation in mdr1a(-/-) mice.
Position and displacement sensing with Shack–Hartmann wave-front sensors (2000)

The use of a Shack-Hartmann wave-front sensor as a position-sensing device is proposed and demonstrated. The coordinates of a pointlike object are determined from the modal Zernike coefficients of the wave fronts emitted by the object and detected by the sensor. The position of the luminous centroid of a moderately extended incoherent flat object can also be measured with this device. Experimental results with off-the-shelf CCD cameras and conventional relay optics as well as inexpensive diffractive microlens arrays show that axial positioning accuracies of 74 microm rms at 300 mm and angular accuracies of 4.3 microrad rms can easily be achieved.
Reduction of mode partition noise by using semiconductor optical amplifiers (2001)

Reduction of mode partition noise induced by spectral filtering of Fabry-Perot lasers is demonstrated by using a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA). Because the SOA acts as a high-pass filter, the mode partition noise appearing at low frequencies can be suppressed. A 16-dB recovery of the signal-to-noise ratio and a 6.2-dB recovery of the Q factor are obtained.
Regulation of the Surface Potential of Silicon Substrates in Micrometer Scale with Organosilane Self-Assembled Monolayers (2002)

Microstructures composed of two types of organosilane self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) terminated with different functional groups have been constructed on silicon substrates covered with native oxide. Surface potential images of these microstructures were acquired by Kelvin-probe force microscopy (KFM). By chemical vapor deposition (CVD), the SAMs were fabricated from n-octadecyltrimethoxysilane (ODS) [H3C(CH2)17Si(OCH3)3], fluoroalkylsilane (FAS), that is, heptadecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydro-decyl-1-trimethoxysilane [F3C(CF2)7(CH2)2Si(OCH3)3], and n-(6-aminohexyl)aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (AHAPS) [H2N(CH2)6NH(CH2)3Si(OCH3)3]. Through a photolithographic technique, binary microstructures consisting of ODS/FAS and ODS/AHAPS were constructed. A surface potential contrast of the two SAMs in each of the binary microstructures was clearly detected by KFM. The surface potential of the FAS-terminated region was ca. 180 mV lower than that of the ODS-terminated region, while the potential of the AHAPS-terminated region was ca. 50 mV higher. These results agree with surface potentials of the SAMs predicted from dipole moments of the corresponding precursor organosilane molecules as estimated by ab initio molecular orbital (MO) calculations. Moreover, by applying the surface potential contrasts experimentally acquired by KFM to surface potential contrast occupied area with single molecule curves theoretically derived by MO calculations, packing densities of the SAMs prepared by CVD were confirmed to be smaller than those of Langmuir−Blodgett monolayers.
Paired Electrosynthesis of Organic Compounds (1999)

A variety of paired electrosyntheses of organic compounds are generally classified into some reaction types and are reviewed with illustrations for typical examples. The following previous and present studies made by the authors and co-workers are also introduced in detail from a practical aspect : that is, paired electmsyntheses of (a) gluconic acid and sorbitol from glucose, (b) methyl ethyl ketone from 2, 3-butanedio1, (c) sulfones, nitrones and aminoiminomethanesulfonic acids from sulfides, N-hydroxylamines and thioureas, respectively, (d) optically active alcohols from racemic ones (optical resolution) and (e) polysilanes from dichlorosilanes (sacrificial anode).