gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Disrupted microRNA expression caused by Mecp2 loss in a mouse model of Rett syndrome (2010)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNA molecules that regulate post-transcriptional gene expression. They influence a wide range of physiological functions, including neuronal processes, and are regulated by various mechanisms, such as DNA methylation. This epigenetic mark is recognized by transcriptional regulators such as the methyl CpG binding protein Mecp2. Rett syndrome is a complex neurological disorder that has been associated with mutations in the gene coding for Mecp2. Thus, we examined the possible miRNA misregulation caused by Mecp2 absence in a mouse model of Rett syndrome. Using miRNA expression microarrays, we observed that the brain of Rett syndrome mice undergoes a disruption of the expression profiles of miRNAs. Among the significantly altered miRNAs (26%, 65 of 245), overall downregulation of these transcripts was the most common feature (71%), whilst the remaining 30% were upregulated. Further validation by quantitative RT-PCR demonstrated that the most commonly disrupted miRNAs were miR-146a, miR-146b, miR-130, miR-122a, miR-342 and miR-409 (downregulated), and miR-29b, miR329, miR-199b, miR-382, miR-296, miR-221 and miR-92 (upregulated). Most importantly, transfection of miR-146a in a neuroblastoma cell line caused the downregulation of IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (Irak1) levels, suggesting that the identified defect of miR-146a in Rett syndrome mice brains might be responsible for the observed upregulation of Irak1 in this model of the human disease. Overall, we provide another level of molecular deregulation occurring in Rett syndrome that might be useful for understanding the disease and for designing targeted therapies.
Simultaneous spin‐echo refocusing (2005)

A new approach to spin-echo imaging is presented in which the 180 degrees RF pulse refocuses two or more spin-echoes at different positions in the readout period. When simultaneous echo refocusing (SER) is implemented using multiple 180 degrees pulses, an undesirable mixing of stimulated echoes and primary echoes from different slices can occur. A novel periodic gradient spoiler scheme eliminates this potential source of artifacts without spoiling the correctly timed stimulated echoes, which, similar to RARE (TSE) sequences, add coherently to the primary echoes. Comparisons show equivalent artifact elimination using phase cycling, periodic spoiling, and a previously developed spoiling scheme for non-Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill sequences. A comparison of head images at 1.5 T acquired with SER-TSE and conventional TSE T1-weighted sequences show no degradation in image quality nor SNR. T2-weighted imaging is not achievable with the current implementation, but possible solutions are proposed. The proposed technique might prove especially beneficial at higher field strengths, where the reduced number of refocusing pulses for multislice SER-TSE decreases RF power deposition. SER spin-echo imaging offers an approach that is very different from low flip angle imaging to mitigate RF heating limitations in high-field clinical imaging.
Hybrid glass coatings for optical fibers: preliminary results of coating performance on silica fibers (2005)

Key requirements for specialty optical fibers engaged in various aerospace applications are extended lifetime and superb performance combined with small fiber diameter, minimal bend radius and ease of terminations. To address these requirements, the use of novel inorganic -organic materials called hybrid glass was proposed as single and double coats. Several types of hybrid glass candidate materials were applied on line on silica fibers as 7-35 &#956;m thick single- or double -layer coats. The hybrid glass applied on silica fibers formed a non-strippable glasslike layer that was permanently bonded to the fiber surface. SEM analysis showed smooth, crack-free surfaces of the coatings and their strong adherence to the glass surface. To evaluate the protective ability of the hybrid coatings, the 2-point bending testing (dynamic fatigue) was controlled in a controlled temperature and humidity environment. Dynamic fatigue plots, the stress corrosion parameter <i>n</i>, Weibull strength distribution plots and average bending strength were calculated from the 2-point bending test data for each type of coated fiber tested. Two polymer coated fibers were used as reference and were tested as well. The hybrid glass coatings offered higher values for both fiber strength and <i>n</i> than those found for reference fibers. The UV induced photopolymerization of coating materials crosslinked the inorganic- network. The UV curing contributed also to the condensation process of inorganic constituents of the coatings and their permanent bonding to the silica fiber surface.
Quantitative Physiology of the Precancerous Cervix In Vivo through Optical Spectroscopy (2009)

Cervical cancer is the second most common female cancer worldwide. The ability to quantify physiological and morphological changes in the cervix is not only useful in the diagnosis of cervical precancers but also important in aiding the design of cost-effective detection systems for use in developing countries that lack well-established screening and diagnostic programs. We assessed the capability of a diffuse reflectance spectroscopy technique to identify contrasts in optical biomarkers that vary with different grades of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) from normal cervical tissues. The technology consists of an optical probe and an instrument (with broadband light source, dispersive element, and detector), and a Monte Carlo algorithm to extract optical biomarker contributions including total hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, Hb saturation, and reduced scattering coefficient from the measured spectra. Among 38 patients and 89 sites examined, 46 squamous normal sites, 18 CIN 1, and 15 CIN 2(+) sites were included in the analysis. Total Hb was statistically higher in CIN 2(+) (18.3 +/- 3.6 microM, mean +/- SE) compared with normal (9.58 +/- 1.91 microM) and CIN 1 (12.8 +/- 2.6 microM), whereas scattering was significantly reduced in CIN 1 (8.3 +/- 0.8 cm(-1)) and CIN 2(+) (8.6 +/- 1.0 cm(-1)) compared with normal (10.2 +/- 1.1 cm(-1)). Hemoglobin saturation was not significantly altered in CIN 2(+) compared with normal and CIN 1. The difference in total Hb is likely because of stromal angiogenesis, whereas decreased scattering can be attributed to breakdown of collagen network in the cervical stroma.
An Optimization Perspective on Kernel Partial Least Squares Regression (2003)

Borate buffer was found to have both structural and functional roles within a low-cost tri-copper electrocatalyst for homogeneous water oxidation that exhibits a high turnover frequency of 310 s<sup>-1</sup> . The borate buffer was shown to facilitate the catalytic activity by both bridging the three Cu ions and participating in O-O bond formation. Phosphate and acetate buffers did not show such roles, making borate a unique player in this catalytic system.
The Molecular Constitution of an Insoluble Polysaccharide from Yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1941)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Molecular Constitution of an Insoluble Polysaccharide from Yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiaeW. Z. Hassid, M. A. Joslyn, and R. M. McCreadyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1941, 63, 1, 295–298Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1941Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1941https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01846a071https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01846a071research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views311Altmetric-Citations93LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Class A G-Protein-Coupled Receptor (GPCR) Dimers and Bivalent Ligands (2013)

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent the largest family of membrane proteins involved in cellular signal transduction and are activated by various different ligand types including photons, peptides, proteins, but also small molecules like biogenic amines. Therefore, GPCRs are involved in diverse physiological processes and provide valuable drug targets for numerous diseases. Emerging body of evidence suggests that GPCRs exist as monomers or cross-react forming dimers and higher-ordered oligomers. In this Perspective we will review current biochemical and biophysical techniques to visualize GPCR dimerization, functional consequences of homo- and heterodimers, and approaches of medicinal chemists to target these receptor complexes with homo- and heterobivalent ligands.
Immunosuppressive Treatment in the Prevention of Renal Failure in Primary Glomerular Diseases (1981)

Despite the relative paucity of well controlled studies, there is reason for cautious optimism with respect to favorably influencing the course of certain primary glomerular diseases with pharmacologic therapy. Particularly promising in this regard is the role of corticosteroids in membranous nephropathy, anticoagulant and antithrombotic agents in membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and high-dose "pulse" steroids, "quadruple therapy" or plasma exchange with immunosuppression in idiopathic crescentic glomerulonephritis. Further controlled trials are urgently needed in the various forms of mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis, including Berger's disease, in focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis and membranous nephropathy in which reduced GFR or steroid resistance has been demonstrated. It seems quite clear that even a temporary delay in the onset of ESRD, if such can be obtained with a minimum of lasting side effects, is a reasonable goal of therapy considering the expense of maintenance dialysis and transplantation.
Intrazellulärer Verkehr in Hefe— Woher weiß ein Protein, daß es in die Vakuole soll? (1992)

Abstract Die Bäckerhefe Saccharomyces cerevisiae ist einer der ältesten Kulturbegleiter des Menschen. Die Herstellung von Brot‐, Bier‐ oder Wein‐ähnlichen Produkten wird von den Sumerern, Assyrern und Ägyptern berichtet und ist mehr als 6000 Jahre alt. Wirtschaftlich gesehen ist die Bäckerhefe auch heute noch der wichtigste Mikroorganismus. Hierfür ist vor allem von Bedeutung, daß Hefen für die Energiegewinnung in Abwesenheit von Sauerstoff Zucker in erster Linie in Alkohol (Ethanol) und Kohlendioxid umwandeln. Hefen können sowohl mit Sauerstoff (aerob) als auch ohne Sauerstoff (anaerob) mit verschiedenen Zuckern als Kohlenstoffquelle wachsen.
Anti-inflammatory Triterpenoid Blocks Immune Suppressive Function of MDSCs and Improves Immune Response in Cancer (2010)

CDDO-Me abrogated the immune suppressive effect of MDSCs and improved immune responses in tumor-bearing mice and cancer patients. It may represent an attractive therapeutic option by enhancing the effect of cancer immunotherapy.
Use of local measurements to estimate voltage-stability margin (1999)

Estimating the proximity of power systems to voltage collapse in real time still faces difficulties. Beside the data management and computational issues, any central control method is subject to the reliability of long-distance data communications. In the paper, the authors describe a new data processing method to estimate the proximity to voltage collapse. The method (code-named SMARTDevice, for Stability Monitoring And Reference Tuning Device) employs only local measurements-bus voltage and load current-and calculates the strength of the transmission system relative to the bus. The collapse occurs when the local load approaches this value. The method is simple enough so that it can be implemented in a numerical relay. The performance of SMARTDevice is compared against the conventional undervoltage relay. It is shown that the latter can misoperate while the new device does not. SMARTDevice is in fact a new breed of voltage relays whose setpoint is automatically tuned to the system condition.
Pamidronate prevents skeletal complications and is effective palliative treatment in women with breast carcinoma and osteolytic bone metastases (2000)

In the current study, monthly infusions of 90 mg of pamidronate as a supplement to antineoplastic therapy were found to be well tolerated and superior to antineoplastic therapy alone in preventing skeletal complications and palliating symptoms for at least 24 months in breast carcinoma patients with osteolytic bone metastases.
Robot navigation in dense human crowds: the case for cooperation (2013)

We consider mobile robot navigation in dense human crowds. In particular, we explore two questions. Can we design a navigation algorithm that encourages humans to cooperate with a robot? Would such cooperation improve navigation performance? We address the first question by developing a probabilistic predictive model of cooperative collision avoidance and goal-oriented behavior by extending the interacting Gaussian processes approach to include multiple goals and stochastic movement duration. We answer the second question with an extensive quantitative study of robot navigation in dense human crowds (488 runs completed), specifically testing how cooperation models effect navigation performance. We find that the “multiple goal” interacting Gaussian processes algorithm performs comparably with human teleoperators in crowd densities near 1 person/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , while a state of the art noncooperative planner exhibits unsafe behavior more than 3 times as often as this multiple goal extension, and more than twice as often as the basic interacting Gaussian processes. Furthermore, a reactive planner based on the widely used “dynamic window” approach fails for crowd densities above 0.55 people/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . Based on these experimental results, and previous theoretical observations, we conclude that a cooperation model is important for safe and efficient robot navigation in dense human crowds.
Fetuin in neurons of the retina and cerebellum duringfetal and postnatal development of the rat (1999)

Although long known to be a liver-derived fetal plasma glycoprotein, fetuin has more recently been shown to be present in sub-populations of neurons in the developing nervous system of a number of mammalian species. We have extended these observations to examine the fetuin immunoreactivity (IR) in developing rat retina and cerebellum. Fetuin-IR was first seen in the retina on embryonic day (E)19 in a sub-population of cells in the retinal ganglion cell layer and a small proportion of cells in the neuroblastic layer. The proportion of cells in the ganglion layer exhibiting fetuin-IR increased until postnatal day (P)10 when all cells in this layer were strongly immunoreactive. From P14 onwards fetuin-IR was absent or very weak and restricted to a small proportion of ganglion cells. In the developing cerebellum, the outer and inner granule cell layers, the deep nuclei and cells in the sub-cortical white matter exhibited fetuin-IR from E19 to P10. There was little fetuin-IR in the cerebellum at ages P14 and older, and Purkinje cells did not exhibit fetuin-IR at any time. The results show that fetuin appears in many neurons in the retina and cerebellum that are differentiating during the period from E19 to P10. The concentration of fetuin in cerebrospinal fluid is at its highest in this same period which suggests that some sub-populations of neurons could obtain fetuin from extracellular fluid during this period; however, the lack of fetuin-IR in other neuronal populations suggests that fetuin uptake is not a general property of developing neurons.
Optical monitoring of particle aggregates (2009)

为监视粒子聚集的方法简短被考察。大多数这些技术基于某形式点亮散布并且可以是极大地依赖于总数的光性质，它通常不被知道。当分数维的总数变得更大，他们的密度能变得很低，这为轻散布有重要实际后果。例如，散布系数可能多不到因为固体反对，它意味着总数能由一个轻传播方法显得比他们的实际尺寸小得多。另外为低密度的目标，散布光能的一个高比例在事件横梁的一个小角度以内，它可能也为有总数的大小是相关的。用“混浊变化”是的技术一个例子，氢氧化物大浮冰的明显的尺寸怎么主要取决于包括的杂质粒子，而非氢氧化物，被显示出自己猛抛。用有在不同的绳条件下面的 hydrolyzing 凝结剂和聚合凝聚剂的泥土暂停的结果被讨论。
Non-Platinum Electrocatalysts for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells:Structure of Nano-Composite Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction (2006)

Abstract not Available.
Memory dependence prediction using store sets (1998)

For maximum performance, an out-of-order processor must issue load instructions as early as possible, while avoiding memory-order violations with prior instructions that write to the same memory location. One approach is to use memory dependence prediction to identify the stores upon which a load depends, and communicate that information to the instruction scheduler. We designate the set of stores upon which each load has depended as the load's store set. The processor can discover and use a load's set to accurately predict the earliest time the load can safely execute. We show that sets accurately predict memory dependencies in the context of large instruction window, superscalar machines, and allow for near-optimal performance compared to an instruction scheduler with perfect knowledge of memory dependencies. In addition, we explore the implementation aspects of sets, and describe a low cost implementation that achieves nearly optimal performance.
Raising the Bar: How HIF-1 Helps Determine Tumor Radiosensitivity (2004)

Through a poorly understood mechanism, tumors respond to radiation by secreting cytokines which inhibit endothelial cell apoptosis, thereby limiting treatment response by minimizing vessel damage. We have recently discovered that this pathway is governed by a major angiogenesis regulator, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1). We uncovered dual mechanisms initiated by radiation that both simultaneously lead to HIF-1 activation: (1) reoxygenation-induced stabilization of the HIF-1 dimer through free radical intermediates, and (2) reoxygenation-mediated depolymerization of hypoxia-induced translational suppressors known as stress granules. These findings have implications both for understanding the basic science of hypoxic signaling in tumors, and for discovering novel methods of enhancing conventional anti-tumor therapeutics in the clinic. In this article, we will highlight the apparent importance of free radical species in protecting tumor vasculature, stress granules in regulating hypoxic gene expression, and HIF-1 in regulating tumor sensitivity to ionizing radiation. The potential therapeutic utility of these findings will also be explored, with emphasis placed on putative targets in these pathways which may enhance tumor radiotherapy.
Investigation of Vocal Jitter and Glottal Flow Spectrum as Possible Cues for Depression and Near-Term Suicidal Risk (2004)

Among the many clinical decisions that psychiatrists must make, assessment of a patient's risk of committing suicide is definitely among the most important, complex, and demanding. When reviewing his clinical experience, one of the authors observed that successful predictions of suicidality were often based on the patient's voice independent of content. The voices of suicidal patients judged to be high-risk near-term exhibited unique qualities, which distinguished them from nonsuicidal patients. We investigated the discriminating power of two excitation-based speech parameters, vocal jitter and glottal flow spectrum, for distinguishing among high-risk near-term suicidal, major depressed, and nonsuicidal patients. Our sample consisted of ten high-risk near-term suicidal patients, ten major depressed patients, and ten nondepressed control subjects. As a result of two sample statistical analyses, mean vocal jitter was found to be a significant discriminator only between suicidal and nondepressed control groups (p < 0.05). The slope of the glottal flow spectrum, on the other hand, was a significant discriminator between all three groups (p < 0.05). A maximum likelihood classifier, developed by combining the a posteriori probabilities of these two features, yielded correct classification scores of 85% between near-term suicidal patients and nondepressed controls, 90% between depressed patients and nondepressed controls, and 75% between near-term suicidal patients and depressed patients. These preliminary classification results support the hypothesized link between phonation and near-term suicidal risk. However, validation of the proposed measures on a larger sample size is necessary.
PKCS #1: RSA Cryptography Specifications Version 2.0 (1998)

This memo is the successor to RFC 2313.This document provides recommendations for the implementation of public-key cryptography based on the RSA algorithm [18], covering the following aspects:-cryptographic primitives -encryption schemes -signature schemes with appendix -ASN.1 syntax for representing keys and for identifying the schemes The recommendations are intended for general application within computer and communications systems, and as such include a fair amount of flexibility.It is expected that application standards based on these specifications may include additional constraints.The recommendations are intended to be compatible with draft standards currently being developed by the ANSI X9F1 [1] and IEEE P1363 working groups [14].
Monolith‐based immobilized enzyme reactors: Recent developments and applications for proteome analysis (2007)

In the current proteome study, protein digestion is indispensable before proteins could be identified by MS/MS, no matter based on top-down or bottom-up strategies. Compared to the traditional digestion performed in free solution, immobilized enzyme shows great advantages in digestion speed, stability, and longevity, especially with monolithic materials as the supports. Besides the improved digestion capacity, the immobilized enzyme reactors (IMERs) could be further coupled with the separation and detection systems, enabling high-throughput protein identification. In this paper, the latest advances in the monolith-based IMERs and their applications in proteomic study are briefly summarized. By reviewing these achievements, it could be seen that monilith-based IMERs have very bright future in proteome analysis.
A robust wavelet-based digital watermarking using level-adaptive thresholding (1999)

In this paper, a robust digital watermarking algorithm using wavelet transform is proposed. In order to equally embed the watermark to the whole image, the coefficients of all subbands including LL subband are utilized. To select perceptually significant coefficients for each subband, a level-adaptive thresholding scheme is used. The watermark is embedded to the selected coefficients, using different scale factors depending on the level of decomposition. In the detection process, the vector projection method is used. The performance of the proposed algorithm compared with other transform-domain watermarking methods has been analyzed, using various rest images. The experimental results have shown that the proposed watermark is invisible to human eyes and very robust to various attacks, such as image compression, image filtering, geometric transformations and noises.