gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanoencapsulation of ABT-737 and camptothecin enhances their clinical potential through synergistic antitumor effects and reduction of systemic toxicity (2014)

The simultaneous delivery of multiple cancer drugs in combination therapies to achieve optimal therapeutic effects in patients can be challenging. This study investigated whether co-encapsulation of the BH3-mimetic ABT-737 and the topoisomerase I inhibitor camptothecin (CPT) in PEGylated polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) was a viable strategy for overcoming their clinical limitations and to deliver both compounds at optimal ratios. We found that thrombocytopenia induced by exposure to ABT-737 was diminished through its encapsulation in NPs. Similarly, CPT-associated leukopenia and gastrointestinal toxicity were reduced compared with the administration of free CPT. In addition to the reduction of dose-limiting side effects, the co-encapsulation of both anticancer compounds in a single NP produced synergistic induction of apoptosis in both in vitro and in vivo colorectal cancer models. This strategy may widen the therapeutic window of these and other drugs and may enhance the clinical efficacy of synergistic drug combinations.
Characterizing monoclonal antibody epitopes by filtered gene fragment phage display (2005)

In the present paper, we describe a novel approach to map monoclonal antibody epitopes, using three new monoclonal antibodies that recognize h-TG2 (human transglutaminase 2) as an example. The target gene was fragmented and cloned upstream of an antibiotic-resistance gene, in the vector pPAO2, to select for in-frame polypeptides. After removal of the antibiotic-resistance gene by Cre/Lox recombination, an antigen fragment phage display library was created and selected against specific monoclonal antibodies. Using the h-TG2 fragment library, we were able to identify epitopes. This technique can also be broadly applied to the study of protein-protein interactions.
Fast rotation of volume data on data parallel architectures (1991)

Data parallel computer architectures hold great promises for high performance computing. Volume visualization (raytracing) is an application that can greatly benefit from these architectures. We describe an algorithm for rendering of orthographic views of volume data on such architectures. In particular the problem of rotating the volume in regard to the communication overhead associated with finely distributed memory is analyzed. We extend an earlier technique (shear decomposition) to 3D and show how this can be mapped onto a data parallel architecture using only grid communication during the resampling associated with the rotation. The rendering uses efficient parallel computation constructs that allow us to use sophisticated shading models and still maintain high speed throughout. This algorithm has been implemented on the Connection MachineR parallel supercomputer and is used in an interactive volume rendering application, with multiple frames per second performance.
Chemical and structural factors influencing enzymatic saccharification of wood from aspen, birch and spruce (2018)

The susceptibility of untreated and sulfuric-acid-pretreated aspen, birch, and spruce to analytical enzymatic saccharification was studied in relation to their chemical composition and physical-structural features. The analytical data collected covered the mass fractions of lignin, carbohydrates, and extractives, the release of acetic acid, formic acid, and uronic acids by acid and alkaline hydrolysis, crystallinity and crystallite size, syringyl: guaiacyl (S:G) ratio of lignin, cellulose accessibility, FTIR spectra, images from SEM and fluorescence microscopy, and susceptibility to enzymatic saccharification using enzyme mixtures with and without supplementary xylanase.In the absence of pretreatment the mass fraction yield of Glc on the original dry wood in the analytical enzymatic saccharification increased in the order birch (16 g kg−1) < spruce (35 g kg−1) < aspen (150 g kg−1). After acid pretreatment, the order changed to spruce (170 g kg−1) < aspen (290 g kg−1), birch (290 g kg−1). The relatively high recalcitrance of untreated birch was not possible to relate to mass fraction of lignin, S:G ratio, cellulose crystallinity, or mass fraction of acetyl, but rather to structural features, such as a more compact surface structure with high density and low cellulose accessibility. The relatively high sugar yields from both untreated and pretreated aspen suggest that aspen wood is well suited as feedstock for production of liquid biofuels and green chemicals in forest-based biorefineries.
Metachromatic leukodystrophy: Molecular genetics and an animal model (1998)

Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by the deficiency of arylsulphatase A (ASA; EC 3.1.6.8). Deficiency of this enzyme causes intralysosomal storage of the sphingolipid cerebroside sulphate. This lipid is abundant in myelin and it may thus not be surprising that storage mainly affects oligodendrocytes. Patients suffer from a progressive demyelination causing various neurological symptoms. The disease is fatal and treatment is not available. The human ASA gene has been cloned and more than 40 mutations have been analysed that cause metachromatic leukodystrophy. Few of these alleles are frequent among patients, whereas most mutant alleles have only been found in single families. Since MLD has only been described in humans and no naturally occurring animal model has been described, ASA-deficient mice have been generated by homologous recombination. The ASA knockout mice are unable to degrade sulphatide and store the lipid intralysosomally. The pattern of lipid storage in neuronal and non-neuronal tissues resembles that described for patients. In the nervous system, lipid storage is found in oligodendrocytes, astrocytes and some neurons. Animals display an astrogliosis and a decreased average axonal diameter. Purkinje cells and Bergmann glia of the cerebellum are morphologically aberrant. Demyelination is seen in the acoustic ganglion and occurs between the ages of 6 and 12 months. The animals are deaf at this age and display various neuromotor abnormalities. However, compared to humans the mice have a surprisingly mild phenotype, since they have a normal life span and do not develop widespread demyelination. ASA-deficient mice have been transplanted with bone marrow, which was transduced with a retroviral vector expressing arylsulphatase A. The majority of transplanted animals display sustained expression of arylsulphatase A from the retroviral construct up to 5 months after transplantation. However, preliminary data suggest that this therapeutic approach does not reduce storage material.
Standby power optimization via transistor sizing and dual threshold voltage assignment (2003)

This paper presents a novel enumerative approach, with provable and efficient pruning techniques, for dual threshold voltage (V/sub t/) assignment at the transistor level. Since the use of low V/sub t/ may entail a substantial increase in leakage power, we formulate the problem as one of combined optimization for leakage-delay tradeoffs under V/sub t/ optimization and sizing. Based on an analysis of the effects of these two transforms on the delay and leakage, we justify a two-step procedure for performing this optimization. Results are presented on the ISCAS85 benchmark suite favorably comparing our approach with an existing sensitivity-based optimizer.
C&amp;EN Talks With . . . (1972)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTC&EN Talks With . . .A. L. JONESCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1972, 50, 28, 33Publication Date (Print):July 10, 1972Publication History Published online7 November 2010Published inissue 10 July 1972https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v050n028.p033Copyright © 1972 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views4Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (147 KB) SUBJECTS:Ecology,Lipids Get e-Alerts
Elliptical Galaxies: Detailed Structure, Scaling Relations and Formation (1999)

Abstract. The last decade of research on elliptical galaxies has produced a wealth of new information concerning both their detailed structure and their global scaling relations. We review the old and new results about isophote shapes and subcomponents (Sect. 1.), scaling relations of global parameters and redshift evolution (Sect. 2.), and the ages, metallicities (Sect. 3.) and abundance ratios (Sect. 4.). Finally, we confront the observations with hierarchical formation scenarios of elliptical galaxies (Sect. 5.). The picture emerging from this variety of observational evidence is broadly consistent with the merging scenario of hierarchical structure formation models, but the stellar population properties of ellipticals pose some challanges. The formation of ellipticals must have always involved some dissipation. The gas fraction at the last major merger event presumably has strong influence on their present day properties. Most elliptical galaxies are old systems, but disky ellipticals might be younger than boxy
Properties of InN Grown by Remote Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition (2004)

We have investigated the properties of indium nitride (InN) grown at various temperatures on c-plane sapphire substrates using remote plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (RPECVD). The optical absorption spectra show a broad range of the apparent band-gap from 0.90 to 2.18 eV, depending on the growth temperature. These two extreme apparent band-gaps are similar to the controversial values of 0.7 and 1.9 eV quoted in the InN band-gap debate [1-3]. Along with optical absorption results, the influence of growth temperature on growth rate, and carrier concentration is discussed. The correlations between the carrier concentration, and shallowdonors (oxygen and hydrogen) in InN are also analysed.
Enhanced immunogenicity of a T cell immunogenic peptide by modifications of its N and C termini (1989)

The modification of the terminal ionizable charges of an immunogenic peptide, HEL (46-61), was found to greatly increase the immunogenicity of the peptide. The modified peptide had 100- to 1000-fold enhanced activity in both in vitro and in vivo T cell assays. The mechanism of the enhancement was investigated by determining the binding affinities to I-Ak as well as circular dichroism (CD) studies. The native and enhanced peptides had indistinguishable binding affinities, as well as similar kinetics. The CD studies revealed that in aqueous solution, neither peptide had any detectable helicity; however, the addition of trifluoroethanol did result in significant helicity; with the two peptides being indistinguishable. These same modifications were also shown to enhance other immunogenic peptides if they contained a basic carboxy-terminal amino acid residue. Thus, by modifying the termini of T cell epitopes, their immunogenicity can be dramatically increased, but the molecular basis for this enhancement is still unclear.
ProbeDesigner: for the design of probesets for branched DNA (bDNA) signal amplification assays. (1999)

The program is available as a commercial package through the Pharmaceutical Drug Discovery program at Chiron Diagnostics.
Light scattering from nematic liquid crystal waveguides (1975)

The light scattering properties of nematic liquid crystal thin−film waveguides are studied both theoretically and experimentally. A Green’s function analysis of the depolarized light scattering induced by thermal fluctuations in the average molecular alignment is presented and it is shown that the power distribution of scattered light is affected by the presence of waveguide boundaries. Scattering coefficients for scattering out of the guide and for mode conversion are derived and predict substantial propagation losses in this type of guide (∼28 dB/cm). The calculations are experimentally verified and predicted structure in the scattered power distribution is clearly seen.
Genetic basis of resistance to<i>Pseudomonas syringae</i>pv.<i>tomato</i>in field tomatoes (1983)

(1983). Genetic basis of resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato in field tomatoes. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology: Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 251-255.
Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide I. Effects of the Electrolyte on the Selectivity and Activity with Sn Electrode (2012)

The effects of electrolyte on selectivity and activity were investigated in the electrochemical reduction of CO2 on the Sn electrode. The production of formate, the primary product in our three-electrode cell was quantitatively characterized by solution phase 1H NMR spectroscopy. Both SO42− and Na+ favor higher faradaic and energy efficiencies, while HCO3− and K+ enable a higher rate of formate production. The faradaic efficiency was as high as ∼95% for 0.1 M Na2SO4 at a potential of −1.7 V vs. a Saturated Calomel Electrode (SCE). 0.5 M KHCO3 was an optimal electrolyte for obtaining a high production rate of formate which can reach over 3.8 μmol min−1 cm−2 at a potential of −2.0 V vs. SCE while maintaining a faradaic efficiency of ∼63%. A trend we observed was that the faradaic efficiency increases as the concentration of electrolyte is diluted. Our studies also show the degradation of electrocatalytic activity of the Sn electrode in this three-electrode cell can be attributed to the electrodeposition of trace amounts of Zn onto the surface of the Sn electrode, which reduces the active surface area.
A UI-Centric Approach for the End-User Development of Multidevice Mashups (2015)

In recent years, models, composition paradigms, and tools for mashup development have been proposed to support the integration of information sources, services and APIs available on the Web. The challenge is to provide a gate to a “programmable Web,” where end users are allowed to construct easily composite applications that merge content and functions so as to satisfy the long tail of their specific needs. The approaches proposed so far do not fully accommodate this vision. This article, therefore, proposes a mashup development framework that is oriented toward the End-User Development. Given the fundamental role of user interfaces (UIs) as a medium easily understandable by the end users, the proposed approach is characterized by UI-centric models able to support a WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) specification of data integration and service orchestration. It, therefore, contributes to the definition of adequate abstractions that, by hiding the technology and implementation complexity, can be adopted by the end users in a kind of “democratic” paradigm for mashup development. This article also shows how model-to-code generative techniques translate models into application schemas, which in turn guide the dynamic instantiation of the composite applications at runtime. This is achieved through lightweight execution environments that can be deployed on the Web and on mobile devices to support the pervasive use of the created applications.
Heavy Mineral Placer Deposits of Ekakula Beach, Gahiramatha Coast, Orissa, India (1998)

Abstract: Ilmenite, hematite, garnet, monazite, zircon, rutile, magnetite, sillimanite, pyroxene and amphibole from the beach sands of Ekakula, Gahiramatha coast, Orissa, India are reported here for the first time. Their total concentration varies from 26. 4 to 100%. Ilmenite, monazite and zircon are between 100 and 300 um in size and are well rounded in shape. Ilmenite‐hematite intergrowth is common. Ilmenite has 50. 02–54. 73% TiO 2 , 42. 42–46. 90% FeO (total Fe) and small amounts of Al, Mn, Mg, Ca, Ba, Si, V, Cr, and Zn. The bulk samples contain 10. 63–41. 42 % TiO 2 , 6. 15–26. 07 % FeO, 5. 86–16. 75 % Fe 2 O 3 , 7. 41–61. 74 % SiO 2 , 1. 39–12. 83% A1 2 O 3 , 0. 32–4. 97% CaO, 0. 53–4. 24% P 2 O 5 , 0. 17–3. 27% MgO, 0. 15–2. 97% Na 2 O, 0. 07–2. 34% K 2 O, and 0. 05–0. 71% V 2 O 5 together with appreciable amounts of La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Y, U, Th, Zr, and trace amounts of Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, Co, and Cr. Khondalite, charnockite, calc‐silicate granulite, leptynite, migmatite, gneiss, basic granulite and pegmatite of the Eastern Ghats appear to be the major source for the above heavy mineral assemblages. The samples are amenable to gravity and magnetic methods of beneficiation.
Development of a Texture Sensor Emulating the Tissue Structure and Perceptual Mechanism of Human Fingers (2006)

This paper discusses a novel approach in developing a texture sensor emulating the major features of a human finger. The aim of this study is to realize precise and quantitative texture sensing. Three physical properties, roughness, softness, and friction are known to constitute texture perception of humans. The sensor is designed to measure the three specific types of information by adopting the mechanism of human texture perception. First, four features of the human finger that were focused on in designing the novel sensor are introduced. Each feature is considered to play an important role in texture perception; the existence of nails and bone, the multiple layered structure of soft tissue, the distribution of mechanoreceptors, and the deployment of epidermal ridges. Next, detailed design of the texture sensor based on the design concept is explained, followed by evaluating experiments and analysis of the results. Finally, we conducted texture perceptive experiments of actual material using the developed sensor, thus achieving the information expected. Results show the potential of our approach.
A Normative Methodology for Modeling Consumer Response to Innovation (1977)

Consumer response determines the success or failure of new products and services. This paper proposes a methodology that integrates knowledge in the fields of psychometrics, utility theory, and stochastic choice theory to improve the design of new products and services. The methodology consists of a consumer response and a managerial design process. The design process is one of idea generation, evaluation, and refinement, while the consumer response is based on consumer measurement, models of the individual choice process, and aggregation of predictions of individual choices. The individual response model processes the consumer measures by first reducing them to an underlying set of perceptual dimensions. Then the measures of perception are combined to produce a scalar goodness measure for each choice alternative through a process called “compaction.” Next, homogeneous segments are defined based on similar preferences. The goodness measures for each consumer or segment are linked to probability of choice for the new products and services and for competing products and services. In each step theoretical, empirical, and statistical issues are identified. Various techniques are introduced and described for each phase. Selected techniques are demonstrated based on the survey data collected at MIT to support the design of a health maintenance organization (HMO) and in the consumer market to evaluate a new deodorant.
Antiangiogenic Therapy in Acute Myelogenous Leukemia: Targeting of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Interleukin 8 as Possible Antileukemic Strategies (2005)

Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is an aggressive disorder with an overall disease-free survival of 40-50% even for the younger patients under 60 years of age who can receive the most intensive treatment. The median age at the time of diagnosis is 60-65 years, and the large majority of elderly patients usually receive less intensive chemotherapy or only supportive therapy due to the high treatment-related mortality when using intensive therapy for elderly individuals. Thus, there is a need for new therapeutic approaches to improve the treatment in younger patients and to make AML-directed therapy with acceptable toxicity possible in elderly individuals. Angiogenesis seems to be important both for leukemogenesis and susceptibility to intensive chemotherapy, and antiangiogenic strategies are therefore considered for the treatment of AML. The two proangiogenic mediators vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and interleukin 8, (IL-8, also referred to as CXCL8) seem to be important in human AML: VEGF is released at increased levels due to interactions between AML cells and neighboring nonleukemic cells, whereas IL-8 is released at high levels by native human AML cells. Thus, VEGF as a therapeutic target in AML is suggested both by experimental and clinical observations, whereas IL-8 as a target is mainly suggested by experimental evidence. In the present review we describe and discuss (i) the angioregulatory network of soluble mediators in AML, including both the systemic levels and local release by native human AML cells; and (ii) various therapeutic approaches to target VEGF and IL-8. Although single angioregulatory mediators can be targeted, it should be emphasized that the final effect of soluble mediators on angioregulation is determined by a complex angioregulatory network that varies between AML patients, and the final effect of targeting single mediators may therefore differ between patient subsets.
La pandemia de gripe: una amenaza global (2006)

Pocos virus se han cobrado en el pasado un número tan alto de víctimas como la gripe. La posibilidad de una nueva pandemia ha generado una alerta más que justificada tanto a nivel social como en términos de su posible impacto en las economías de todo el mundo.&#13;\n&#13;\nLa Organización Mundial de la Salud ha señalado que sólo 40 países del mundo han desarrollado planes de prevención contra la pandemia de gripe. Sin embargo, la gripe de 1918 y otras pandemias fueron efectivas en gran medida debido a la falta de previsión. Esta situación puede evitarse en esta ocasión, y una parte importante de lo efectiva que sea la lucha contra la pandemia surgirá de una información eficiente y coordinada durante las fases iniciales. No menos importante es ser conscientes del carácter global del fenómeno y que por lo tanto hay que mirar algo más allá de lo puramente doméstico.
Sendai Virus P Gene Produces Multpile Proteins from Overlapping Open ReadingFrames (1990)

The Sendai virus P gene contains overlapping open reading frames (ORFs), and several unusual mechanisms are used to produce multiple proteins from all three ORFs of this gene. These include the use of a non-AUG start codon, leaky ribosomal scanning, what appears to be scanning-independent ribosomal initiation and/or ribosomal jumping, and a form of mRNA editing.