gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hybrid access-specific software cache techniques for the cell BE architecture (2008)

Ease of programming is one of the main impediments for the broad acceptance of multi-core systems with no hardware support for transparent data transfer between local and global memories. Software cache is a robust approach to provide the user with a transparent view of the memory architecture; but this software approach can suffer from poor performance. In this paper, we propose a hierarchical, hybrid software-cache architecture that classifies at compile time memory accesses in two classes, high-locality and irregular. Our approach then steers the memory references toward one of two specific cache structures optimized for their respective access pattern. The specific cache structures are optimized to enable high-level compiler optimizations to aggressively unroll loops, reorder cache references, and/or transform surrounding loops so as to practically eliminate the software cache overhead in the innermost loop. Performance evaluation indicates that improvements due to the optimized software-cache structures combined with the proposed code-optimizations translate into 3.5 to 8.4 speedup factors, compared to a traditional software cache approach. As a result, we demonstrate that the Cell BE processor can be a competitive alternative to a modern server-class multi-core such as the IBM Power5 processor for a set of parallel NAS applications.
Fast Graph Representation Learning with PyTorch Geometric (2019)

We introduce PyTorch Geometric, a library for deep learning on irregularly structured input data such as graphs, point clouds and manifolds, built upon PyTorch. In addition to general graph data structures and processing methods, it contains a variety of recently published methods from the domains of relational learning and 3D data processing. PyTorch Geometric achieves high data throughput by leveraging sparse GPU acceleration, by providing dedicated CUDA kernels and by introducing efficient mini-batch handling for input examples of different size. In this work, we present the library in detail and perform a comprehensive comparative study of the implemented methods in homogeneous evaluation scenarios.
A novel dimensionally-decomposed router for on-chip communication in 3D architectures (2007)

Much like multi-storey buildings in densely packed metropolises, three-dimensional (3D) chip structures are envisioned as a viable solution to skyrocketing transistor densities and burgeoning die sizes in multi-core architectures. Partitioning a larger die into smaller segments and then stacking them in a 3D fashion can significantly reduce latency and energy consumption. Such benefits emanate from the notion that inter-wafer distances are negligible compared to intra-wafer distances. This attribute substantially reduces global wiring length in 3D chips. The work in this paper integrates the increasingly popular idea of packet-based Networks-on-Chip (NoC) into a 3D setting. While NoCs have been studied extensively in the 2D realm, the microarchitectural ramifications of moving into the third dimension have yet to be fully explored. This paper presents a detailed exploration of inter-strata communication architectures in 3D NoCs. Three design options are investigated; a simple bus-based inter-wafer connection, a hop-by-hop standard 3D design, and a full 3D crossbar implementation. In this context, we propose a novel partially-connected 3D crossbar structure, called the 3D Dimensionally-Decomposed (DimDe) Router, which provides a good tradeoff between circuit complexity and performance benefits. Simulation results using (a) a stand-alone cycle-accurate 3D NoC simulator running synthetic workloads, and (b) a hybrid 3D NoC/cache simulation environment running real commercial and scientific benchmarks, indicate that the proposed DimDe design provides latency and throughput improvements of over 20% on average over the other 3D architectures, while remaining within 5% of the full 3D crossbar performance. Furthermore, based on synthesized hardware implementations in 90 nm technology, the DimDe architecture outperforms all other designs -- including the full 3D crossbar -- by an average of 26% in terms of the Energy-Delay Product (EDP).
New approach to multihop - cellular based multihop network (2004)

By observing problems of multihop ad hoc networks, this paper proposes cellular based multihop network architecture, which is able to give network control packets better QoS. This leads to reliable network operation and promises much better performance comparing to ad hoc multihop network. In addition, a source routing algorithm in this architecture is proposed and implemented. The simulation results demonstrated the potentials and advantages of this architecture, in terms of robustness, performance and scalability.
Polyphenols in Ceratocystis minor infected Pinus taeda: fungal metabolites, phloem and xylem phenols (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolyphenols in Ceratocystis minor infected Pinus taeda: fungal metabolites, phloem and xylem phenolsRichard W. Hemingway, Gerald W. McGraw, and Stanley J. BarrasCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1977, 25, 4, 717–722Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60212a036https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60212a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views182Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Ultrasound Characterization of Salivary Lesions (2013)

ABSTRACT Evolution in ultrasound technology leads to birth of high frequency, high resolution linear transducers which in turn revolutionized the imaging of superficial structures. The majority of cases presenting to clinician in day-to-day practice as facial lumps or neck lump could be evaluated using ultrasound and help in imaging of salivary gland lesions. The age of the clinical presentation and morphological characteristics of lesions on ultrasound helped us in making confident diagnosis which was correlated on fine needle aspiration cytology/histopathology studies.
Ultralow-power hydrogen sensing with single palladium nanowires (2009)

Palladium nanowires were fabricated on silicon substrates using conventional microfabrication techniques. Sensors based on such nanowires show a reversible response to hydrogen concentrations as low as 27 ppm with response times varying from 5 s (H2 concentrations &amp;gt;20%) to 30 s (H2 concentrations &amp;lt;100 ppm) at room temperature. The response times can be reduced by increasing the applied bias due to resistive heating. The noise spectrum of the nanowires shows a 1/f behavior, sufficiently low to enables the detection of hydrogen with an ultralow-power consumption. The influence of oxygen on the nanowire response was also investigated.
A slim and wide multi-touch tabletop interface and its applications (2014)

A tabletop interface based on a large, slim and wide LED display is proposed. The tabletop interface uses two cameras with two reflection mirrors. Its thickness is less than 8 inches and its size is 47 inches. In order to recognize multi-touch inputs and dragging operations, the proposed system adopts a hybrid recognition approach, which combines FTIR (Frustrated Total Internal Reflection) and LLP (Laser Light Plane). The proposed tabletop interface has many applications in restaurants, digital fashion and games. The performance of the proposed system was evaluated. It showed real-time recognition of multi-touch inputs.
Racial group boundaries and identities: People of ‘mixed‐race’ in slavery across the Americas (1994)

(1994). Racial group boundaries and identities: People of ‘mixed‐race’ in slavery across the Americas. Slavery & Abolition: Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 17-37.
Generation and<i>in Situ</i>Evaluation of Libraries of Poly(acrylic acid) Presenting Sialosides as Side Chains as Polyvalent Inhibitors of Influenza-Mediated Hemagglutination (1997)

This paper describes a simple, microscale method for generating and evaluating libraries of derivatives of poly(acrylic acid) (pAA) that present mixtures of side chains that influence their biological activity. The method is based on the one-step conversion of poly(acrylic anhydride) (pAAn) to linear polymers presenting multiple units of R on side chains, pAA(R): the polymers are obtained by ultrasonication of a suspension of pAAn and aqueous RNH2 contained in a 250-μL well of a microtiter plate. Using this method, derivatives of pAA having N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuAc-L-NH2) as a side chain, pAA(NeuAc-L), were generated and assayed for ability to inhibit hemagglutination (HAI) of chicken erythrocytes by influenza virus A (X-31); the constant ( ) describing this inhibition is calculated on the basis of the concentration of NeuAc groups in solution, rather than the concentration of polymer molecules. Co-polymeric pAA(NeuAc-Ln; Ln = different linking groups) with a range of mole fractions of NeuAc-L-NH2 (χNeuAc-L = 0.02−0.11) exhibited HAI activities with values between 27 and 0.30 μM. Using combinations of NeuAc-L-NH2 and one of 26 different primary amines RNH2, a variety of ter-polymeric pAA(NeuAc-L; R) (χNeuAc-L ∼ 0.05; χR ∼ 0.06) were also generated and assayed. Certain ter-polymers yielded values of that were lower by a factor of ∼104 than that of the parent co-polymeric pAA(NeuAc-L): the most active inhibitor was pAA(NeuAc-L; l-3-(2'-naphthyl)alanine)) ( ≈ 0.5 nM). Typically, the incorporation of hydrophobicespecially aromaticside chains enhanced activities. These polymers (pAA(NeuAc-L; R)) belong to a new class of polymeric, polyvalent sialosides that are potent inhibitors of the adsorption of influenza virus to erythrocytes. They were active with only low to moderate levels of incorporation of functional groups into the side chains: χNeuAc-L ∼ 0.05; χR ∼ 0.06.
Wide bandwidth arrays of Vivaldi antennas (2008)

Several examples of wide bandwidth Vivaldi antenna are presented to illustrate bandwidths up to 10:1. Modern computational methods can be used by experienced designers to achieve this performance. Traditional Vivaldi antenna arrays cannot be easily fabricated as modular structures because they require electrical contact between adjacent elements. The Balanced Antipodal Vivaldi Antenna is modular, but currently is limited to approximately 4:1 bandwidth in scanning arrays. Initial studies of several wide bandwidth arrays indicate that they produce little dispersion of short-pulse signals within their operating bandwidth. Truncation effects in finite arrays operating over wide bandwidth remain to be understood and characterized. For these studies, new computational methods like finite-element domain decomposition are required.
Applications for Surface Engineering Using Atomic Layer Etching - Invited Paper (2016)

Over the course of the past few years, the semiconductor industry has continued to invent and innovate profoundly to adhere to Moore’s Law and Dennard scaling. At each of the technology nodes starting with 45nm, new materials and integration techniques, such as high-K &amp; metal gates, double patterning techniques, and now 3D FinFet / Trigate device geometries are being introduced in order to maintain device performance. This places a large burden on unit process development to accommodate and deliver advanced process capability and is growing the need for the ultimate etch solution: etching with atomic layer precision. Atomic layer etching is a promising path to answer the processing demands of thin high mobility channel devices on the angstrom scale. Self-limiting reactions, discrete reaction &amp; activation steps, or extremely low ion energy etch plasmas are some of the pathways being pursued for precise sub-nanometer material removal. In this invited paper, previously published in SPIE, the ability to achieve atomic layer etch precision is reviewed in detail for a variety of material sets and implementation methods. For a cyclic approach most similar to a reverse ALD scheme, the process window to achieve a truly self-limited atomic layer etch process is identified and the limitations as a function of controlling the adsorption step, the irradiation energy, and the reaction process are examined. Alternative approaches, including processes to enable pseudo-ALE precision, are then introduced and results from their application investigated. While these new plasma-enhanced atomic layer etch (PE-ALE) processes show encouraging results, most patterning applications are best realized by optimizations through discharge chemistry and/or plasma parameters. Significant improvements however were obtained when applying PE-ALE approaches to small pitch patterns. In particular the increased selectivity to OPL seems to offer a potential benefit for patterning high aspect ratio features.
Dynamic Artificial Neural Networks with Affective Systems (2013)

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are processors that are trained to perform particular tasks. We couple a computational ANN with a simulated affective system in order to explore the interaction between the two. In particular, we design a simple affective system that adjusts the threshold values in the neurons of our ANN. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that this simple affective system can control the firing rate of the ensemble of neurons in the ANN, as well as to explore the coupling between the affective system and the processes of long term potentiation (LTP) and long term depression (LTD), and the effect of the parameters of the affective system on its performance. We apply our networks with affective systems to a simple pole balancing example and briefly discuss the effect of affective systems on network performance.
Screening Fluorescent Voltage Indicators with Spontaneously Spiking HEK Cells (2013)

Development of improved fluorescent voltage indicators is a key challenge in neuroscience, but progress has been hampered by the low throughput of patch-clamp characterization. We introduce a line of non-fluorescent HEK cells that stably express NaV 1.3 and KIR 2.1 and generate spontaneous electrical action potentials. These cells enable rapid, electrode-free screening of speed and sensitivity of voltage sensitive dyes or fluorescent proteins on a standard fluorescence microscope. We screened a small library of mutants of archaerhodopsin 3 (Arch) in spiking HEK cells and identified two mutants with greater voltage-sensitivity than found in previously published Arch voltage indicators.
Molecular cloning and expression of the mouse ornithine decarboxylase gene. (1984)

We used mRNA from a mutant S49 mouse lymphoma cell line that produces ornithine decarboxylase (OrnDCase) as its major protein product to synthesize and clone cDNA. Plasmids containing OrnDCase cDNA were identified by hybrid selection of OrnDCase mRNA and in vitro translation. The two of these with the largest inserts together span 2.05 kilobases of cDNA. Southern blot analysis of DNA from wild-type or mutant S49 cells, cleaved with EcoRI or with BamHI, revealed multiple bands homologous to OrnD-Case cDNA, only one of which was amplified in the mutant cells. RNA transfer blot analysis showed that the major OrnD-Case mRNA in the mouse lymphoma cells is 2.0 kilobases long. A similar size mRNA was found in mouse kidney and was more abundant in the kidneys of mice treated with testosterone, an inducer of OrnDCase activity in that tissue.
Metabolic Syndrome Is Associated with Elevated Oxidative Stress and Dysfunctional Dense High-Density Lipoprotein Particles Displaying Impaired Antioxidative Activity (2004)

A metabolic syndrome (MetS) phenotype is characterized by insulin-resistance, atherogenic dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, and elevated cardiovascular risk and frequently involves subnormal levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. We evaluated the capacity of physicochemically distinct HDL subfractions from MetS subjects to protect low-density lipoprotein against oxidative stress.MetS subjects presented an insulin-resistant phenotype, with central obesity and elevation in systolic blood pressure and plasma triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, glucose, and insulin levels. Systemic oxidative stress, assessed as plasma 8-isoprostanes, was significantly higher (3.7-fold) in MetS subjects (n = 10) compared with nonobese normolipidemic controls (n = 11). In MetS, small, dense HDL3a, 3b, and 3c subfractions possessed significantly lower specific antioxidative activity (up to -23%, on a unit particle mass basis) than their counterparts in controls. In addition, HDL2a and 3a subfractions from MetS patients possessed lower total antioxidative activity (up to -41%, at equivalent plasma concentrations). The attenuated antioxidative activity of small, dense HDL subfractions correlated with systemic oxidative stress and insulin resistance and was associated with HDL particles exhibiting altered physicochemical properties (core triglyceride enrichment and cholesteryl ester depletion). We conclude that antioxidative activity of small, dense HDL subfractions of altered chemical composition is impaired in MetS and associated with elevated oxidative stress and insulin resistance. Induction of selective increase in the circulating concentrations of dense HDL subfractions may represent an innovative therapeutic approach for the attenuation of high cardiovascular risk in MetS.
Stepwise Synthesis of Metal–Organic Frameworks: Replacement of Structural Organic Linkers (2011)

We demonstrate how a single-crystal to single-crystal transformation resulting from bridging-linker replacement is possible in extended 2D and 3D metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) by introducing pillared paddlewheel MOF structures into a solution containing dipyridyl linkers. No lateral movement of the layers was observed during this transformation, creating a templating effect from the "parent" structure to the "daughter" structure. A previously unattainable structure was obtained by a two-step synthetic method utilizing the bridging-linker replacement transformation method. Additionally, a bridging-linker insertion was observed when excess linker was used with the 2D MOF structure, inducing an overall 2D to 3D transformation.
DTD inference for views of XML data (2000)

We study the inference of Data Type Definitions (DTDs) for views of XML data, using an abstraction that focuses on document content structure. The views are defined by a query language that produces a list of documents selected from one or more input sources. The selection conditions involve vertical and horizontal navigation, thus querying explicitly the order present in input documents. We point several strong limitations in the descriptive ability of current DTDs and the need for extending them with (i) a subtyping mechanism and (ii) a more powerful specification mechanism than regular languages, such as context-free languages. With these extensions, we show that one can always infer tight DTDs, that precisely characterize a selection view on sources satisfying given DTDs. We also show important special cases where one can infer a tight DTD without requiring extension (ii). Finally we consider related problems such as verifying conformance of a view definition with a predefined DTD. Extensions to more powerful views that construct complex documents are also briefly discussed.
A portable solution for automatic lecture room camera management (2005)

Rapid advances in technology and decreasing costs have made it possible to attach high resolution video cameras to just about any computer and record the interactions in a lecture room. Additionally, lecture rooms may be outfitted with several cameras for this purpose. However, recording the interactions alone does not create effective video. We present a method for not only recording, but also editing in real-time, lectures. Unlike previous work, the system is highly portable, allowing quick set-up in various types of lecture rooms. This portability is achieved by using the abstraction of virtual cameramen and physical cameras, and a scriptable interface to the editing rules.
Strained Layer Epitaxy (2001)

In this chapter, the technology of growth of group-IV alloy films and their characterization is discussed. The deposition of heteroepitaxial films in greater depth using various reactors is also examined. Focus is placed on systems that have successfully demonstrated devices. Atmospheric pressure systems are also covered since they have a very great potential of widespread commercial use. As the reactor configurations differ substantially, the advantages and disadvantages of each system are compared. Wafer cleaning methods, reaction kinetics such as constituent incorporation control, dopant control, and selective deposition are examined. Characterization of strained epitaxial films using Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy analysis (RBS), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), high resolution x-ray diffractometry (HXRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) is discussed.
Generation of Large Numbers of Independently Transformed Fertile Barley Plants (1994)

A rapid, efficient, and reproducible system to generate large numbers of independently transformed, self-fertile, transgenic barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) plants is described. Immature zygotic embryos, young callus, and microspore-derived embryos were bombarded with a plasmid containing bar and uidA either alone or in combination with another plasmid containing a barley yellow dwarf virus coat protein (BYDVcp) gene. A total of 91 independent bialaphos-resistant callus lines expressed functional phosphinothricin acetyltransferase, the product of bar. Integration of bar was confirmed by DNA hybridization in the 67 lines analyzed. Co-transformation frequencies of 84 and 85% were determined for the two linked genes (bar and uidA) and for two unlinked genes (bar and the BYDVcp gene), respectively. More than 500 green, fertile, transgenic plants were regenerated from 36 transformed callus lines on bialaphos-containing medium; albino plants only were regenerated from 41 lines. T0 plants in 25 lines (three plants per line) were analyzed by DNA hybridization, and all contained bar. Most contained the same integration patterns for the introduced genes (bar, uidA, and the BYDVcp gene) as their parental callus lines. Transmission of the genes to T1 progeny was confirmed in the five families analyzed by DNA hybridization. A germination test of immature T1 embryos on bialaphos-containing medium was useful for selecting individuals that were actively expressing bar, although this was not a good indicator of the presence or absence of bar. Expression of bar in some progeny plants was indicated by resistance to the herbicide Basta. The T1 plants were in soil approximately 7 months after bombardment of the immature embryo.