gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human IgG isotype‐specific amino acid residues affecting complement‐mediated cell lysis and phagocytosis (1994)

In this report we describe the construction of anti-5-iodo-4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenacetyl (NIP) mouse/human immunoglobulin (Ig) G4 chimeric molecules with altered amino acid residues in the CH2 domain. Three mutants are described. Gln-268 is substituted by His in gamma 4 Q268H, Ser-331 is substituted by Pro in gamma 4 S331P, and in gamma 4 Q268H/S331P both residues are substituted. The ability of the mutant molecules to induce complement-mediated cell lysis (CML) and phagocytosis by Fc gamma RII- and Fc gamma RIII-bearing polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) were measured. In CML, gamma 4 Q268H was inactive, but both gamma 4 S331P and gamma 4 Q268H/S331P were active provided that the antigenic density on the target cells was high. In phagocytosis mediated by PMN, the mutants gamma 4 S331P and gamma 4 Q268H/S331P were both active only when complement was introduced. gamma 4 Q268H was not active in phagocytosis under any conditions. We conclude that His-268 in human IgG molecules does not modulate CML activity or phagocytosis mediated by Fc gamma RII and/or Fc gamma RIII. Pro-331 rescues CML activity in IgG4 molecules when the epitope density on the target cells is high, but does not affect Fc gamma RII/Fc gamma RIII-mediated phagocytosis. In this manner the mutants gamma 4 S331P and gamma 4 Q268H/S331P mimic human IgG2. This could indicate a structural similarity between IgG2 and these mutant molecules that distinguish them from both IgG1 and IgG3.
CRF2 alpha and CRF2 beta receptor mRNAs are differentially distributed between the rat central nervous system and peripheral tissues (1995)

We have recently described the cloning and characterization of a novel corticotropin-releasing factor receptor subtype (CRF2) from rat brain that exists in two alternatively spliced forms, CRF2 alpha and CRF2 beta. These forms differ in their N-terminal coding sequence which results in the production of two distinct receptors of 411 and 431 amino acids, respectively. To assess whether these two forms might represent distinct targets for CRF action, RNase protection and in situ hybridization studies were performed using specific N-terminal cRNA probes. The results showed a differential distribution of the mRNAs for these two receptor forms in the rat. The mRNA for CRF2 alpha is found almost exclusively in the brain, particularly in the hypothalamus, lateral septum, and olfactory bulb, whereas the mRNA for CRF2 beta appears to be both in the brain and in the periphery, with the greatest abundance in the heart and skeletal muscle. Thus, the data suggest that these alternatively spliced forms of the CRF2 receptor may represent functionally distinct CRF receptors. In addition, it highlights the importance of probe specificity for in situ hybridization studies.
Nonlinear Midinfrared Photothermal Spectroscopy Using Zharov Splitting and Quantum Cascade Lasers (2014)

We report on the mid-infrared nonlinear photothermal spectrum of the neat liquid crystal 4-octyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl (8CB) using a tunable Quantum Cascade Laser (QCL). The nonequilibrium steady state characterized by the nonlinear photothermal infrared response undergoes a supercritical bifurcation. The bifurcation, observed in heterodyne two-color pump-probe detection, leads to ultrasharp nonlinear infrared spectra similar to those reported in the visible region. A systematic study of the peak splitting as a function of absorbed infrared power shows the bifurcation has a critical exponent of 0.5. The observation of an apparently universal critical exponent in a nonequilibrium state is explained using an analytical model analogous of mean field theory. Apart from the intrinsic interest for nonequilibrium studies, nonlinear photothermal methods lead to a dramatic narrowing of spectral lines, giving rise to a potential new contrast mechanism for the rapidly emerging new field of mid-infrared microspectroscopy using QCLs.
Morphine and metabolite behavior after different routes of morphine administration: Demonstration of the importance of the active metabolite morphine-6-glucuronide (1990)

The pharmacokinetic parameters of morphine, morphine-6-glucuronide, and morphine-3-glucuronide were studied after single-dose morphine administration by five different routes. The quantitative significance of the active metabolite morphine-6-glucuronide was assessed, and the effects of novel dosing forms on morphine metabolism and distribution were examined. After administration of intravenous morphine the morphine-6-glucuronide plasma AUC exceeded that of morphine. After administration of oral morphine very low morphine levels were observed—the morphine-6-glucuronide plasma AUC exceeded that of morphine by a factor of 9:1. Sublingual, buccal, and sustained-release buccal morphine tablet administration resulted in delayed absorption, with attenuation and delay of peak morphine and metabolite levels. Morphine bioavailability and morphine glucuronide production were not altered. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (1990) 47, 12–19; doi:10.1038/clpt.1990.2
Amphiphilic Scorpion-like Macromolecules as Micellar Nanocarriers (2008)

Amphiphilic scorpion-like macromolecules (AScMs), that self-assemble as nanocarriers, were evaluated for intracellular delivery. To qualitatively examine the intracellular fate of AScMs in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), representative polymers (M 12 P 5 ) were labeled with a fluorescent dye, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). The FITC-labeled M 12 P 5 micelles were prepared by mixing a low concentration of FITC-labeled M 12 P 5 polymer (10wt%) with unlabeled M 12 P 5 polymer (90wt%). Optical sectioning by confocal laser scanning microscopy of HUVECs incubated with FITC-labeled polymer micelles revealed that the polymers were localized in subcellular components within 60 min. Transmission electron microscopy was used to highlight the rapid accumulation of a polymer-encapsulated agent in the nucleus by 60 min. This study demonstrated that the M 12 P 5 polymers were internalized into HUVECs. Based on these data, the polymeric nanocarriers are potential candidates for intracytoplasmic and nuclear delivery of drugs, proteins and/or genes.
Effects of eicosapentaenoic acids on remnant-like particles, cholesterol concentrations and plasma fatty acid composition in patients with diabetes mellitus. (1998)

Remnant lipoproteins are transient metabolites from chylomicron and/or very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), and remnant hyperlipoproteinemia has recently been reported to be a risk factor for atherosclerosis. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), a major component of fish oil, has the following effects: anti-platelet aggregation, vaso-dilation, anti-inflammation, hypotriglyceridemia, and therefore has potential anti-atherosclerotic effects. We measured serum of remnant-like particle cholesterol (RLP-C) concentrations, and investigated the effects of EPA on serum RLP-C concentrations in patients with diabetes mellitus. Ten patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus were treated with 900-1800 mg EPA ethyl-ester daily for 3 months. We investigated serum RLP-C concentrations and plasma fatty acid composition before and after the administration of EPA. Serum RLP-C concentrations were significantly decreased 3 months after the administration of EPA (from 14.5 +/- 5.3 mg/dL to 3.3 +/- 0.8 mg/dL, P < 0.01). Plasma EPA concentrations and the ratios of EPA to arachidonic acids (AA) were significantly increased during the same period (from 86.2 +/- 12.4 mg/L to 194.6 +/- 27.3 mg/L, P < 0.01, from 0.571 +/- 0.074 to 1.242 +/- 0.163. P < 0.01, respectively). Serum RLP-C concentrations were inversely correlated with the ratios of EPA to AA in plasma (r = -.516, P < 0.05). These results suggested that administration of EPA was effective on remnant hyperlipoproteinemia which was a risk factor for atherosclerosis.
<i>De Novo</i><i>SCN8A</i> Mutation Identified by Whole-Exome Sequencing in a Boy With Neonatal Epileptic Encephalopathy, Multiple Congenital Anomalies, and Movement Disorders (2013)

Epileptic encephalopathies represent a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of disorders, majority of which are of unknown etiology. We used whole-exome sequencing of a parent-offspring trio to identify the cause of early infantile epileptic encephalopathy in a boy with neonatal seizures, movement disorders, and multiple congenital anomalies who died at the age of 17 months because of respiratory illness and identified a de novo heterozygous missense mutation (c.3979A>G; p.Ile1327Val) in SCN8A (voltage-gated sodium-channel type VIII alpha subunit) gene. The variant was confirmed in the proband with Sanger sequencing. Because the clinical phenotype associated with SCN8A mutations has previously been identified only in a few patients with or without epileptic seizures, these data together with our results suggest that mutations in SCN8A can lead to early infantile epileptic encephalopathy with a broad phenotypic spectrum. Additional investigations will be worthwhile to determine the prevalence and contribution of SCN8A mutations to epileptic encephalopathies.
Complete sequence of the bithorax complex of Drosophila. (1995)

The bithorax complex (BX-C) of Drosophila, one of two complexes that act as master regulators of the body plan of the fly, is included within a sequence of 338,234 bp (SEQ89E). This paper presents the strategy used in sequencing SEQ89E and an analysis of its open reading frames. The BX-C sequence (BXCALL) contains 314,895 bp obtained by deletion of putative genes that are located at each end of SEQ89E and appear to be functionally unrelated to the BX-C. Only 1.4% of BXCALL codes for the three homeodomain-containing proteins of the complex. Principal findings include a putative ABD-A protein (ABD-AII) larger than a previously known ABD-A protein and a putative glucose transporter-like gene (1521 bp) located at or near the bithoraxoid (bxd), infra-abdominal-2 (iab-2) boundary on the opposite strand relative to that of the homeobox-containing genes.
Trans-dominant negative mutants of Fos and Jun. (1990)

Jun and Fos nuclear oncoproteins form a complex that regulates transcription from promoters containing activator protein AP-1 binding sites. The leucine-zipper and basic-region domains of both Fos and Jun are necessary for formation of the heterodimer that binds to DNA. Reciprocal mutations in the basic region of Fos or Jun can influence the binding of the heterodimer to DNA, implying a symmetrical binding site. DNA-binding mutants of Jun exhibit increased affinity for Fos and are capable of suppressing wild-type Fos-Jun DNA-binding activity. In contrast, mutations in the basic domain of Fos, which prevent binding to DNA in association with Jun, do not significantly diminish the ability of the wild-type heterodimer to bind to DNA. These dominant negative mutants are functional in vivo and can be exploited to study the role of Fos and Jun in normal and transformed cells.
Verification of a microprocessor using real world applications (1999)

In this paper, we describe a fast and convenient verification methodology for microprocessor using large-size, real application programs as test vectors. The verification environment is based on automatic consistency checking between the golden behavioral reference model and the target HDL model, which are run in an handshaking fashion. In conjunction with the automatic comparison facility, a new HDL saver is proposed to accelerate the verification process. The proposed saver allows from the nearest checkpoint before the point of inconsistency detection regardless of whether any modification on the source code is made or not. It is to be contrasted with the conventional saver that does not allow restart when some design change, or debugging is made. We have proved the effectiveness of the environment through applying it to a real world example, i.e., Pentium-compatible processor design process. It was shown that the HDL verification with the proposed saver can be faster and more flexible than the hardware emulation approach. In short, it was demonstrated that restartability with source code modification capability is very important in obtaining the short debugging turnaround time by eliminating a large number of redundant simulations.
Orientation de la réaction d'alkylation des pyrazoles dans des conditions neutres et en catalyse par transfert de phase (1980)

Abstract L'etude de la N ‐butylation et de la N ‐benzylation de neuf pyrazoles, diversement substitués en positions 3 et 5, a été effectuée en milieu neutre et en milieu basique (catalyse par transfert de phase), L'orientation de la reaction depend fortement de la méthode employée, quand le pyrazole de départ porte en position 3 (ou 5) un substituant qui a une paire libre en ortho (pyrazolyle ou pyridyle). Les différents produits ont été identifiés par rmn du proton.
Effects of Electrical and Electromagnetic Stimulation after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction (1993)

A need exists to develop new methods of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) that are both effective and relatively pain-free. The purpose of this pilot study was to determine the effects of both NMES and a new method of electromagnetic (NMES/PEMF) stimulation for reducing girth loss and for reducing pain and muscle weakness of the knee extensor muscles in patients during the first 6 weeks after reconstructive surgery of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Seventeen patients receiving ACL reconstructive surgery participated as a control group (N = 3), as an NMES group (N = 7), and with combined NMES and magnetic field stimulation (NMES/PEMF) (N = 7). Patients receiving NMES/PEMF rated each type of stimulation for perceived pain and were measured for their torque. Torque results revealed a mean decrease of 13.1% for NMES/PEMF patients. The mean percent of thigh girth decreased 8.3% for controls, 0.5% for NMES, and 2.3% for NMES/PEMF patients. The NMES/PEMF patients rated NMES as causing about twice the pain intensity as NMES/PEMF during treatments. As a result of this data, the authors conclude that both NMES and NMES/PEMF are effective in reducing girth loss and that NMES/PEMF is less painful than NMES alone in treating patients after ACL reconstruction.
CD44 cross-linking induces protein kinase C-regulated migration of human T lymphocytes (2005)

The cell surface receptor CD44 is widely implicated in leukocyte migration to inflammatory sites. In this study, the responses of human T cells following cross-linking of CD44 were examined. We demonstrate that engagement of CD44 using immobilized mAbs or hyaluronan-enriched extracellular matrix lattices induces active migration in T lymphocytes accompanied by cycles of cytoskeletal rearrangement and cell polarization. We have investigated the functional impact and subcellular localization of protein kinase C (PKC) isoenzymes, beta and delta, previously shown by our group to be involved in active T cell locomotion induced by leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) integrin receptors. PKCbeta was associated with the centrosome and the microtubule-rich tail of the polarized cell and PKCdelta was predominantly located about the region of the microtubule organizing center. A selective pharmacological inhibitor of classical PKC isoforms, Go6976, suppressed lymphocyte polarization and migration following CD44 ligation. Selective targeting of PKCdelta using the pharmacological inhibitor rottlerin or a pseudosubstrate-blocking peptide reduced CD44-activated cell migration but did not completely ablate it. Our data demonstrate that ligation of CD44 induces phenotypic changes, cytoskeletal rearrangements and redistribution of PKC isoforms beta and delta, resulting in cell migration, as previously described for the cell surface receptor, LFA-1. This suggests potential convergence of intracellular signaling pathways induced via CD44 and LFA-1 integrin.
Transcriptome Analysis Identifies the Dysregulation of Ultraviolet Target Genes in Human Skin Cancers (2016)

Exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is a major risk factor for both melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancers. In addition to its mutagenic effect, UVR can also induce substantial transcriptional instability in skin cells affecting thousands of genes, including many cancer genes, suggesting that transcriptional instability may be another important etiological factor in skin photocarcinogenesis. In this study, we performed detailed transcriptomic profiling studies to characterize the kinetic changes in global gene expression in human keratinocytes exposed to different UVR conditions. We identified a subset of UV-responsive genes as UV signature genes (UVSGs) based on 1) conserved UV-responsiveness of this subset of genes among different keratinocyte lines; and 2) UV-induced persistent changes in their mRNA levels long after exposure. Interestingly, 11 of the UVSGs were shown to be critical to skin cancer cell proliferation and survival. Through computational Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, we demonstrated that a significant portion of the UVSGs were dysregulated in human skin squamous cell carcinomas, but not in other human malignancies. This highlights the potential and specificity of the UVSGs in clinical diagnosis of UV damage and stratification of skin cancer risk.
Improving Oil Recovery in Unconventional Liquid Reservoirs by Soaking-Flowback Production Schedule with Surfactant Additives (2017)

Abstract Improving oil recovery from unconventional liquid reservoirs (ULR) is a major challenge. We have demonstrated in previous laboratory studies the impact of surfactants on spontaneous imbibition and oil recovery by means of wettability alteration and interfacial tension (IFT) reduction. Thereby, fracture treatment performance and consequently oil recovery could be improved by adding surfactants to stimulation fluids when a soaking-flowback production schedule is applied. This study evaluates the ability of different groups of surfactants to improve oil recovery in ULR by experimentally simulating the fracture-treatment to represent surfactant imbibition in an ULR core-fracture during a soaking-flowback. Also, we analyze the effect of wettability and IFT alteration on the process. A core-flooding system was combined with the computer tomography (CT) scanner to dynamically visualize the fluid movement as it penetrates the ULR sample in real-time as well as compare oil recovery between surfactants and water without additive. Wolfcamp sidewall cores were longitudinally fractured and loaded into an aluminum-carbon composite core-holder. Two different types of surfactants, anionic and nonionic-cationic, as well as water without surfactants, were injected through the fractures, at reservoir conditions, to evaluate their effectiveness in penetrating into the fractures and recovering oil from ULR core. Then, a soaking-flowback production scheme was used to simulate fracture-treatment and flowback. Changes in core wettability and IFT were determined by contact-angle and pendant-drop methods. Core-flooding results showed that surfactant solutions had higher imbibition and recovered more oil from liquid-rich core compared to water alone. The soaking-flowback production schedule aided by surfactants was able to recover up to 14% of the original oil in place (OOIP) whereas water alone recovered up to 2% of the OOIP. These observations qualitatively agree with wettability and IFT alteration measurements. Core wettability shifted from an original oil-wet to a final water-wet state and surfactants reduced IFT to moderately low values. The results showed that the addition of surfactants to completion fluids and the use of a soaking-flowback production scheme could improve oil recovery by wettability alteration and IFT reduction, maximizing well performance after stimulation. These findings give important understanding for designing completion fluid treatments and flowback schedules for ULR.
Ultrafast Optics (2009)

A comprehensive treatment of ultrafast optics This book fills the need for a thorough and detailed account of ultrafast optics. Written by one of the most preeminent researchers in the field, it sheds new light on technology that has already had a revolutionary impact on precision frequency metrology, high-speed electrical testing, biomedical imaging, and in revealing the initial steps in chemical reactions. Ultrafast Optics begins with a summary of ultrashort laser pulses and their practical applications in a range of real-world settings. Next, it reviews important background material, including an introduction to Fourier series and Fourier transforms, and goes on to cover: Principles of mode-locking Ultrafast pulse measurement methods Dispersion and dispersion compensation Ultrafast nonlinear optics: second order Ultrafast nonlinear optics: third order Mode-locking: selected advanced topics Manipulation of ultrashort pulses Ultrafast time-resolved spectroscopy Terahertz time-domain electromagnetics Professor Weiner's expertise and cutting-edge research result in a book that is destined to become a seminal text for engineers, researchers, and graduate students alike.
Zeolite Y Crystals with Trimodal Porosity as Ideal Hydrocracking Catalysts (2010)

Working at the Y: Zeolite Y crystals with micropores (ca. 1 nm), small mesopores (ca. 3 nm), and large mesopores (ca. 30 nm) were obtained by base leaching of previously steamed and acid-leached material. The zeolite Y crystals with trimodal porosity (see electron-tomographic picture) displayed close to ideal hydrocracking selectivity and enhanced yields of kerosene and diesel. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
The Standardization of Terminology of Lower Urinary Tract Function in Children and Adolescents: Report from the Standardisation Committee of the International Children’s Continence Society (2006)

New definitions and a standardized terminology are provided, taking into account changes in the adult sphere and new research results.
Marginal Zone B-Cell Lymphomas Including Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Type Lymphoma (MALT), Monocytoid B-Cell Lymphoma and Splenic Marginal Zone Cell Lymphoma and Their Relation to the Reactive Marginal Zone (1997)

The marginal zone of the B follicle represents a well-defined compartment of the B area. Its cellular composition is distinct from that of the follicle centre, from which it also differs in its functional role in the immune response. Several newly identified lymphoma entities, e.g. extranodal MALT type lymphoma, nodal monocytoid B-cell lymphoma and splenic marginal zone B-cell lymphoma, display in common a very peculiar organoid growth pattern reminiscent of the marginal zone. Moreover, their neoplastic components share morphologic and phenotypic similarities to the cellular components of the marginal zone. The clinical characteristics of these various marginal zone cell lymphomas may differ depending of the organ which is involved. Nevertheless, they all share common cytogenetic abnormalities suggesting a common pathogenesis.
Review in Research Progress of the Interactive Development between Port and City (2009)

There are interdependent and interactive relations between port and city.So it is important to study economic interaction for the port and city development.In this paper,a review was carried out covering the interactive basic condition,dynamic mechanism,evolvement of spatial structure,interactive model and interactive effect written by domestic and foreign scholars on the topic of economic interaction between port and city.Some comments were made on the literature,too.