gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of Tau Aggregation in Cell Models of Tauopathy (2007)

The pathological aggregation of tau into paired helical filaments is a hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. We have generated cell models of tau aggregation in order to study mechanisms involving abnormal changes of tau. In the cell models the repeat domain of tau (tau(RD)) and some of its variants are expressed in a regulated fashion, e.g. the 4-repeat domain of tau with the wild-type sequence, the repeat domain with the deltaK280 mutation ("pro-aggregation mutant"), or the repeat domain with additional proline mutations ("anti-aggregation mutant"). The aggregation of tau(RD) is toxic to the cells, but aggregation and toxicity can be prevented by low molecular weight compounds identified by a screen for inhibitors. Thus the cell models are suitable for developing aggregation inhibitor drugs and testing their cellular roles.
5-Methyltryptophan Resistant Cells of Catharanthus roseus (1979)

Several cell lines resistant to 5-methyltryptophan were selected from wild type cells of different Catharanthus roseus suspension cultures. The resistant cells had up to 30 times the normal levels of free tryptophan. Despite the increased pool size of tryptophan anthranilate synthetase activity of resistant cells was as sensitive to inhibition by L-tryptophan as wild type cells. The overproduction of tryptophan did not lead to intensified accumulation of tryptamine nor of indole alkaloids. This was supported by a low conversion of tryptophan to tryptamine in vivo and in vitro. The overproduction of one of the primary precursors was evidently not sufficient to stimulate the rate of indole alkaloid synthesis in Catharanthus cells.
ROS‐Inducible DNA Cross‐Linking Agent as a New Anticancer Prodrug Building Block (2012)

Down at the crossed code: Novel arylboronic ester and biarylboronic ester derivatives were synthesized. Compound 1 can be activated by hydrogen peroxide to release 2,5-bis(trimethylammonium) benzyl-1,4-diol (2), which leads to interstrand cross-link formation and DNA alkylation (see scheme). Compound 1 provides a novel building block for the development of H2O2-targeting anticancer prodrugs. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as "Supporting Information". Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
[Head and neck injuries among Norwegian soccer players. A neurological, electroencephalographic, radiologic and neuropsychological evaluation]. (1992)

69 active football (soccer) players and 37 former members of the Norwegian national team were included in a neurological and electroencephalographic (EEG) study to investigate the incidence of head injuries, mainly caused by heading the ball. 3% of the active players and 30% of the former players complained of permanent problems such as headache, dizziness, irritability, impaired memory and pain in the neck. 35% of the active players and 32% of former players had from slightly abnormal to abnormal EEG, as against 13 and 11% of respective matched controls. There were fewer definitely abnormal EEG changes among typical headers (10%) than among "non-headers" (27%). The former players were also subjected to cerebral computed tomography (CT), a neuropsychological examination and a radiological examination of the cervical spine. One third of the players were found to have central cerebral atrophy and 81% to have from mild to severe (mostly mild to moderate) neuropsychological impairment. The radiological examination of the cervical spine revealed a significantly higher incidence and degree of degenerative changes than in a matched control group.
Review of literature pertinent to fire-extinguishing agents and to basic mechanisms involved in their action (1950)

Literature relating to fire-extin@ishing egents was 'reviewed in order to ascertain 'the exten'tof present lmowledge and to determine what research might lead to the developubnt of more efficient agents for extinguishing fires in airoraft.An analysis of the existing data was made with respect to the relative extinguishing effectiveness of Mfferent substances and the basic mechanisms involved in the action of extinguishing agents.Five basic actions of fire-extinguishing agents were enumerated and discussd ..It appears that mechanical action, blanketing action, and chain-breaking action are the most important factors in extinguishing by gaseous and liquid agents..Recommendations for research were made on the basis d the analysis.Information on the relative extinguishing effectiveness indicates that mganic lmlogen compouxds fill most p?obably yield the more powerful extinguishing agents. IN!U30DUCTIOIVThe ~oblem of reducing the fire hazard in aircraft is of psxamount importance.U this hazard is to be tinimized, maximu effactiveness in.fire etiinguishing must be aohieved.Research and development in this field have been sponsored and conducted by the
The Structure of the Type VIII Pneumococcus Specific Polysaccharide<sup>1a,b</sup> (1957)

Peer reviewed: Yes
ChemInform Abstract: Studies in Hantzsch Thiazole Synthesis. Part 2. Reactions of Thiocarboxamides with α‐Haloketones. (1990)

Abstract The unexpected formation of α‐thiocyanatoketones, recently observed in the reaction of the thiocarboxamides (IV) with phenacyl halides and 2‐haloacetylthiophenes of type (II), is the basis for further investigations in this area.
Two Key Challenges for Effective Adenovirus-Mediated Liver Gene Therapy:Innate Immune Responses and Hepatocyte-Specific Transduction (2009)

Adenovirus (Ad) are valuable vectors for liver gene therapy because of their intrinsic ability to transduce hepatocytes following intravenous administration. However, the effective application of these vectors, including helper-dependent Ad unable to trigger viral gene expression, for liver gene therapy in humans has been limited due to several obstacles. First, their high immunogenicity triggers a complex immune response, both innate and adaptive, that leads to hepatocyte destruction, reducing the duration of transgene expression. This high immunogenicity also induces a long lasting cellular and humoral immunity that impairs subsequent re-administration. Second, Ad vectors transduce not only hepatocytes but also other cell types from the liver or other organs. This Ad vector dissemination contributes to their toxicity and immunogenicity, further reducing the effective period of transgene expression. A better understanding of the interactions between Ad vectors and their host underlying the acute liver toxicity and hepatocyte transduction is required to improve the efficacy and duration of gene delivery in vivo. The aim of this review is to discuss insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in Ad vector-mediated innate immune responses. Current advances in the knowledge of Ad liver tropism and the influence of blood components on Ad vector uptake by the liver will be discussed. Finally, different approaches developed to minimize Ad vector toxicity, optimize delivery and increase transgene expression will be summarized. The full potential of Ad vectors will only be reached when their immunogenicity is abolished and hepatocyte-specific transduction achieved.
[Antibodies to type I and II collagen in rheumatoid arthritis and chronic cicatricial stenosis of the larynx and trachea in children]. (1989)

Enzyme immunoassay with highly purified human collagen preparations and low (1:10) dilutions of sera detected an increased specific immune reaction mostly on collagen denaturated forms in 50% of 49 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. No correlation was detected between the level of humoral immune response and the major clinical parameters except those reflecting the disease progress. Similar investigation of sera from children with chronic cicatricial stenoses has revealed a group of patients with significantly elevated level of anticollagen humoral immune response, though in these patients this response is probably not specifically associated with collagen.
Use of a glycoprotein gB promoter for expression of genes inserted into the human cytomegalovirus genome. (1998)

We attempted to utilize the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) as an expression vector by replacing the dispensable genes of the viral genome with foreign genes. The selection of a promoter to be fused to the foreign gene is important to achieve a high expression rate in the recombinant virus. We selected the glycoprotein B (gB) promoter of HCMV as a target of analysis because gB is one of the most abundantly synthesized components in cell culture. The gB promoter, fused to the E. coli lacZ gene, was introduced into the HCMV HindIII-O fragment region by homologous recombination. It was confirmed that the gB promoter-lacZ construct was inserted in the targeted site of HCMV. The expression of the lacZ gene in the recombinant virus infection was initiated 24 h after infection and increased until 120 h post infection. The lacZ gene expression was inhibited by the presence of cytosine arabinoside. These observations indicate that the expression of the lacZ gene is under the control of the late promoter of gB.
Effect of carrier priming on immunogenicity of saccharide-protein conjugate vaccines (1991)

Previous studies with saccharide-protein conjugates have demonstrated that antibody responses to the saccharide can be improved by the preexistence of carrier immunity. Here we report that prior exposure to the carrier protein can either enhance or suppress antibody response to polysaccharides administered in saccharide-protein conjugates. A dose-dependent role for carrier priming in the antisaccharide antibody response to three saccharide-protein conjugate vaccines, i.e., a Streptococcus pneumoniae type 4 polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid (TT) conjugate (PS4TT), a Neisseria meningitidis group C polysaccharide-TT conjugate (MenCTT), and a N. meningitidis group C oligosaccharide-diphtheria mutant toxin conjugate (MenCCRM), was investigated. The results showed that an increase in the antipolysaccharide antibody response could be obtained for both PS4TT and MenCTT but not for MenCCRM with low-dose carrier priming (0.025 to 0.25 microgram). However, suppression of the antipolysaccharide antibody response was observed with the PS4TT and MenCTT vaccines with high-dose (25-micrograms) carrier priming. There was no suppression effect with MenCCRM. The increase in the antipolysaccharide antibody response was shown to be restricted to the immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) subclass, whereas suppression with high-dose carrier priming affected all antipolysaccharide subclass antibodies induced by PS4TT (IgG1, IgG2b, and IgG3) and only two of the four subclass antibodies induced by MenCTT (IgG2a and IgG2b). The increase in the antipolysaccharide antibody response was also present at the antipolysaccharide IgM antibody level but was not observed at the anti-carrier IgG antibody level.
A Homographic Framework for the Fusion of Multi-view Silhouettes (2007)

This paper presents a purely image-based approach to fusing foreground silhouette information from multiple arbitrary views. Our approach does not require 3D constructs like camera calibration to carve out 3D voxels or project visual cones in 3D space. Using planar homographies and foreground likelihood information from a set of arbitrary views, we show that visual hull intersection can be performed in the image plane without requiring to go in 3D space. This process delivers a 2D grid of object occupancy likelihoods representing a cross-sectional slice of the object. Subsequent slices of the object are obtained by extending the process to planes parallel to a reference plane in a direction along the body of the object. We show that homographies of these new planes between views can be computed in the framework of plane to plane homologies using the homography induced by a reference plane and the vanishing point of the reference direction. Occupancy grids are stacked on top of each other, creating a three dimensional data structure that encapsulates the object shape and location. Object structure is finally segmented out by minimizing an energy functional over the surface of the object in a level sets formulation. We show the application of our method on complicated object shapes as well as cluttered environments containing multiple objects.
Chimeric 2C10R4 anti-CD40 antibody therapy is critical for long-term survival of GTKO.hCD46.hTBM pig-to-primate cardiac xenograft (2016)

Preventing xenograft rejection is one of the greatest challenges of transplantation medicine. Here, we describe a reproducible, long-term survival of cardiac xenografts from alpha 1-3 galactosyltransferase gene knockout pigs, which express human complement regulatory protein CD46 and human thrombomodulin (GTKO.hCD46.hTBM), that were transplanted into baboons. Our immunomodulatory drug regimen includes induction with anti-thymocyte globulin and αCD20 antibody, followed by maintenance with mycophenolate mofetil and an intensively dosed αCD40 (2C10R4) antibody. Median (298 days) and longest (945 days) graft survival in five consecutive recipients using this regimen is significantly prolonged over our recently established survival benchmarks (180 and 500 days, respectively). Remarkably, the reduction of αCD40 antibody dose on day 100 or after 1 year resulted in recrudescence of anti-pig antibody and graft failure. In conclusion, genetic modifications (GTKO.hCD46.hTBM) combined with the treatment regimen tested here consistently prevent humoral rejection and systemic coagulation pathway dysregulation, sustaining long-term cardiac xenograft survival beyond 900 days.
QoSMap: QoS aware Mapping of Virtual Networks for Resiliency and Efficiency (2007)

We describe QoSMap, an efficient and flexible mechanism for constructing virtual networks on a shared Internet substrate for applications having stringent QoS and resiliency requirements. Applications specify desired overlay topology and weighted network characteristics which serve as resource constraints desired by the application in meeting the QoS expectations. QoSMap uses these constraints to select an overlay consisting of high quality direct paths between nodes from a pool of candidate nodes and paths. In addition to the required overlay topology constructed from direct paths between nodes, QoSMap provides path resiliency by constructing alternate one-hop overlay routes via intermediary nodes having paths that meet or exceed the resource constraints. As a case study, we utilized QoSMap to form an overlay for an application requiring constraints on message delay and loss rates. We describe the design of QoSMap and show that it leads to higher quality and more resilient overlays than does a mechanism which addresses only the minimum QoS requirements of the application.
Tau as a Biomarker of Neurodegenerative Diseases (2008)

The microtubule-associated protein Tau is mainly expressed in neurons of the CNS and is crucial in axonal maintenance and axonal transport. The rationale for Tau as a biomarker of neurodegenerative diseases is that it is a major component of abnormal intraneuronal aggregates observed in numerous tauopathies, including Alzheimer's disease. The molecular diversity of Tau is very useful when analyzing it in the brain or in the peripheral fluids. Immunohistochemical and biochemical characterization of Tau aggregates in the brain allows the postmortem classification and differential diagnosis of tauopathies. As peripheral biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease in the cerebrospinal fluid, Tau proteins are now validated for diagnosis and predictive purposes. For the future, the detailed characterization of Tau in the brain and in peripheral fluids will lead to novel promising biomarkers for differential diagnosis of dementia and monitoring of therapeutics.
THIAZOLESULFENAMIDES<sup>1</sup> (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEArticleNEXTTHIAZOLESULFENAMIDES1EDWARD L. CARR, GEORGE E. P. SMITH JR., and GLEN ALLIGERCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1949, 14, 6, 921–934Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01158a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01158a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views388Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The bacterial ‘enigma’: cracking the code of cell–cell communication (1995)

In recent years it has become clear that the production of N-acyl homoserine lactones (N-AHLs) is widespread in Gram-negative bacteria. These molecules act as diffusible chemical communication signals (bacterial pheromones) which regulate diverse physiological processes including bioluminescence, antibiotic production, plasmid conjugal transfer and synthesis of exoenzyme virulence factors in plant and animal pathogens. The paradigm for N-AHL production is in the bioluminescence (lux) phenotype of Photobacterium fischeri (formerly classified as Vibrio fischeri) where the signalling molecule N-(3-oxohexanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone (OHHL) is synthesized by the action of the LuxI protein. OHHL is thought to bind to the LuxR protein, allowing it to act as a positive transcriptional activator in an autoinduction process that physiologically couples cell density (and growth phase) to the expression of the bioluminescence genes. Based on the growing information on LuxI and LuxR homologues in other N-AHL-producing bacterial species such as Erwinia carotovora, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Yersinia enterocolitica, Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Rhizobium leguminosarum, it seems that analogues of the P. fischeri lux autoinducer sensing system are widely distributed in bacteria. The general physiological function of these simple chemical signalling systems appears to be the modulation of discrete and diverse metabolic processes in concert with cell density. In an evolutionary sense, the elaboration and action of these bacterial pheromones can be viewed as an example of multicellularity in prokaryotic populations.
On the Security of End-to-End Measurements Based on Packet-Pair Dispersions (2012)

The packet-pair technique is a widely adopted method to estimate the capacity of a path. The use of the packet-pair technique has been suggested in numerous applications including network management and end-to-end admission control. Recent observations also indicate that this technique can be used to fingerprint Internet paths. However, given that packet-pair measurements are performed in an open environment, end-hosts might try to alter these measurements to increase their gain in the network. In this paper, we explore the security of measurements based on the packet-pair technique. More specifically, we analyze the major threats against bandwidth estimation using the packet-pair technique and we demonstrate empirically that current implementations of this technique are vulnerable to a wide range of bandwidth manipulation attacks-in which end-hosts can accurately modify their claimed bandwidths. We propose lightweight countermeasures to detect attacks on bandwidth measurements; our technique can detect whether delays were inserted within the transmission of a packet-pair (e.g., by bandwidth shapers). We further propose a novel scheme for remote path identification using the distribution of packet-pair dispersions and we evaluate its accuracy, robustness, and potential use. Our findings suggest that the packet-pair technique can reveal valuable information about the identity/locations of remote hosts.
Synthesis and characterization of poly(1-adamantyl methacrylate): effects of the adamantyl group on radical polymerization kinetics and thermal properties of the polymer (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and characterization of poly(1-adamantyl methacrylate): effects of the adamantyl group on radical polymerization kinetics and thermal properties of the polymerAkikazu Matsumoto, Satoshi Tanaka, and Takayuki OtsuCite this: Macromolecules 1991, 24, 14, 4017–4024Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00014a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00014a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1172Altmetric-Citations112LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Genome modification in human embryonic stem cells (2009)

Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology has emerged as the most promising method for generating patient-specific human embryonic stem (ES) cells and adult stem cells (Takahashi et al., 2007, Cell 131:861-872; Wernig et al., 2007, Nature 448:318-324; Park et al., 2008, Nature 451:141-146). So far, most studies of direct reprogramming have been done by using lentiviruses/retroviruses encoding the reprogramming factors. This represents a major limitation to therapeutic applications since viral integration in the host genome increases the risk of tumorigenicity, and low-level residual expression of reprogramming factors may alter the differentiation potential of the human iPSCs (hiPSCs). As a result, more attention has been paid to developing new techniques to manipulate the human genome, with the goal of making safer hiPSCs that have fewer or no lesions or alterations in the genome. Additionally, the efficiency of reprogramming and of homologous recombination in gene therapy must be improved, if iPSC technology is to be a viable tool in regenerative medicine. Here, we summarize the recent developments in human genome manipulation for generating hiPSCs and advances in homologous recombination for gene targeting.