gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An antigenic peptide of the HIV‐1 NEF protein recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes of seropositive individuals in association with different HLA‐B (1989)

By using target cells that expressed only the regulatory NEF protein of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), we were able to identify specific cytolytic T cells (CTL) from most of the seropositive patients tested. This NEF-specific cytolytic activity was mediated by CD8+ lymphocytes. In two different donors, we identified a unique peptide in the NEF protein that could be recognized in association with two different HLA class I molecules. The definition of such a peptide should prove useful in evaluating vaccine strategies.
[Hybridization of DNA with oligonucleotides immobilized in a gel: a convenient method for recording single base replacements]. (1991)

In an attempt to develop a reliable system for DNA sequence analysis with multiple hybridization probes, oligonucleotides down to 8 bases long were covalently immobilized in a thin layer of polyacrylamide gel fixed on a glass plate. It was shown possible to detect single base changes in DNA by hybridization of the immobilized oligonucleotides with radioactively and fluorescently labeled DNA fragments. Moreover, it was found that dissociation temperatures of differently GC-rich duplexes could be equalized by appropriate choice of immobilized oligonucleotides concentrations. A model accounting for this phenomenon is presented. In order to make the system more compact, a rectangular matrix of 200 mm dots of immobilized oligonucleotides ("hybridization chip") was designed which offered the sensitivity of 20 attomoles per dot for fluorescent DNA fragment. The applications and perspectives of the approach are discussed.
Emedastine difumarate inhibits histamine-induced collagen synthesis in dermal fibroblasts. (2008)

We found that the expression of fibroblast-derived genes is differentially regulated by different concentrations of histamine and that the robustness of the inhibitory action of H1R blockers is different for skin-derived and nasal mucosa-derived fibroblasts. We believe that our findings may contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms of histamine-induced tissue remodeling and provide information useful for the management of refractory allergic dermatitis.
Statistical Texture Analysis (2019)

This paper presents an overview of the methodologies<br> and algorithms for statistical texture analysis of 2D images. Methods<br> for digital-image texture analysis are reviewed based on available<br> literature and research work either carried out or supervised by the<br> authors.
In-Depth Characterisation of Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE) Cells Derived from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (hiPSC) (2014)

Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) has widely been appreciated as a promising tool to model human ocular disease emanating from primary RPE pathology. Here, we describe the successful reprogramming of adult human dermal fibroblasts to iPSCs and their differentiation to pure expandable RPE cells with structural and functional features characteristic for native RPE. Fibroblast cultures were established from skin biopsy material and subsequently reprogrammed following polycistronic lentiviral transduction with OCT4, SOX2, KLF4 and L-Myc. Fibroblast-derived iPSCs showed typical morphology, chromosomal integrity and a distinctive stem cell marker profile. Subsequent differentiation resulted in expandable pigmented hexagonal RPE cells. The cells revealed stable RNA expression of mature RPE markers RPE65, RLBP and BEST1. Immunolabelling verified localisation of BEST1 at the basolateral plasma membrane, and scanning electron microscopy showed typical microvilli at the apical side of iPSC-derived RPE cells. Transepithelial resistance was maintained at high levels during cell culture indicating functional formation of tight junctions. Secretion capacity was demonstrated for VEGF-A. Feeding of porcine photoreceptor outer segments revealed the proper ability of these cells for phagocytosis. IPSC-derived RPE cells largely maintained these properties after cryopreservation. Together, our study underlines that adult dermal fibroblasts can serve as a valuable resource for iPSC-derived RPE with characteristics highly reminiscent of true RPE cells. This will allow its broad application to establish cellular models for RPE-related human diseases.
Intravascular pH-ISFET, a method of the future (1987)

Since blood pH reflects the metabolic state as well as the functioning of the respiratory and circulatory systems, it appears to be one of the vital parameters that should be continuously monitored. The point to point measurement of pH by sampling has limitations, since results are available after some time only. A continuous pH signal is necessary in rapidly changing situations such as often occur during intensive treatment. The application of ion-selective field-effect transistor (ISFET) technology to intravascular pH measurement seemed attractive since these devices offer a short response time, are suitable to miniaturization and fabrication in large quantities, and have a low output impedance. The system was tested in dog experiments. Two to four pH-ISFET catheters were tested simultaneously in each dog. Arterial samples for blood-gas analysis with a Radiometer ABL2 system were taken during periods in which plasma-pH was stable. Clinical trials were performed in patients who were admitted to the intensive care unit after coronary artery bypass grafting. Testing the pH-ISFET system in dogs (N = 12) and comparing it with ABL2 measured samples (n = 132 with a pH range of 6.72-7.86), resulted in a delta pH (ISFET-ABL2) of 0.016 +/- 0.024 pH with a maximum deviation of 0.06. The clinical trials proved that the system is well-suited for monitoring intravascular pH in critically ill patients.
Performance of Very Efficient Wireless Frequency Usage System Using Kronecker Product with Rows of DFT Matrix (2006)

Suehiro, et al. have proposed a new information transmission method (Suehiro's DFT method, or SD-method) using the Kronecker product between the rows of DFT matrix and the data sequences. In this paper, the authors shows the SD-method has far better error probability property than OFDM method under the heavy multipath environment by a simulation under the stable multi-path environment.
Self‐Immolative Spacers: Kinetic Aspects, Structure–Property Relationships, and Applications (2015)

Self-immolative spacers are covalent assemblies tailored to correlate the cleavage of two chemical bonds after activation of a protective part in a precursor: Upon stimulation, the protective moiety is removed, which generates a cascade of disassembling reactions leading to the temporally sequential release of smaller molecules. Originally introduced to overcome limitations for drug delivery, self-immolative spacers have gained wide interest in medicinal chemistry, analytical chemistry, and material science. For most applications, the kinetics of the disassembly of the activated self-immolative spacer governs functional properties. This Review addresses kinetic aspects of self-immolation. It provides information for selecting a particular self-immolative motif for a specific demand. Moreover, it should help researchers design kinetic experiments and fully exploit the rich perspectives of self-immolative spacers.
Mechanisms of disease: inflammasome activation and the development of type 2 diabetes (2013)

Over the recent past, the importance of aberrant immune cell activation as one of the contributing mechanisms to the development of insulin-resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been recognized. Among the panoply of pro-inflammatory cytokines that are linked to chronic metabolic diseases, new data suggests that interleukin-1β (IL-1β) may play an important role in initiating and sustaining inflammation-induced organ dysfunction in T2D. Therefore, factors that control secretion of bioactive IL-1β have therapeutic implications. In this regard, the identification of multiprotein scaffolding complexes, "inflammasomes," has been a great advance in our understanding of this process. The secretion of bioactive IL-1β is predominantly controlled by activation of caspase-1 through assembly of a multiprotein scaffold, "inflammasome" that is composed of NLRP3 (nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family, pyrin domain-containing-3) ASC (apoptosis associated speck-like protein containing a CARD) and procaspase-1. The NLRP3 inflammasome appears to be an important sensor of metabolic dysregulation and controls obesity-associated insulin resistance and pancreatic beta cell dysfunction. Initial clinical "proof of concept" studies suggest that blocking IL-1β may favorably modulate factors related to development and treatment of T2D. However, this potential therapeutic approach remains to be fully substantiated through phase-II clinical studies. Here, we outline the new immunological mechanisms that link metabolic dysfunction to the emergence of chronic inflammation and discuss the opportunities and challenges of future therapeutic approaches to dampen NLRP3 inflammasome activation or IL-1β signaling for controlling type 2 diabetes.
&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;-Nitrobenzyl &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;-Toluenesulfonyl-&lt;i&gt;L&lt;/i&gt;-Arginine: a Chromogenic Substrate for Thrombin, Plasmin and Trypsin (1978)

&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;-Nitrobenzyl &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;-toluenesulfonyl-&lt;i&gt;L&lt;/i&gt;-arginine is hydrolyzed by thrombin, plasmin, and trypsin to &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;-nitrobenzyl alcohol and tosyl-&lt;i&gt;L&lt;/i&gt;-arginine. The absorption of &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;-nitro-benzyl alcohol formed is measured at 271 nm (A&lt;sub&gt;mM&lt;/sub&gt; 8.89). With 0.10 m&lt;i&gt;M&lt;/i&gt; of the ester in 0.1 &lt;i&gt;M &lt;/i&gt;Tris-HCl at pH 8.4 and 30 °C, the hydrolysis catalyzed by thrombin, plasmin, and trypsin is linearly proportional to time up to consumption of 60% of the substrate. K&lt;sub&gt;m&lt;/sub&gt; is 14 &lt;i&gt;μM &lt;/i&gt;and V&lt;sub&gt;max&lt;/sub&gt; is 0.037 &lt;i&gt;μ&lt;/i&gt;mol/min/NIH unit for bovine thrombin, K&lt;sub&gt;m&lt;/sub&gt; is 78 &lt;i&gt;μM &lt;/i&gt;and V&lt;sub&gt;max &lt;/sub&gt;is 0.31 &lt;i&gt;μ&lt;/i&gt;mol/min/CTA unit/ml for human plasmin, and K&lt;sub&gt;m&lt;/sub&gt; is 12 &lt;i&gt;μM &lt;/i&gt;and V&lt;sub&gt;max&lt;/sub&gt; is 138 &lt;i&gt;μ&lt;/i&gt;mol/min/mg protein/ml for bovine trypsin. Samples of bovine and human thrombin ranging in specific clotting activity from 59 to 2,133 NIH units/mg protein showed esterase activities ranging from 0.15 to 0.4 &lt;i&gt;μ&lt;/i&gt;mol &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;-nitrobenzyl alcohol formed/10 min/NIH unit. Useful ranges for assay of enzymes were (per milliliter): 0.05–0.2 NIH units (thrombin), 0.005–0.02 CTA units (plasmin), and 0.01–0.04 &lt;i&gt;μ&lt;/i&gt;g (trypsin).
Performance analysis of a pull-based parallel video server (2000)

In conventional video-on-demand systems, video data are stored in a video server for delivery to multiple receivers over a communications network. The video server's hardware limits the maximum storage capacity as well as the maximum number of video sessions that can concurrently be delivered. Clearly, these limits will eventually be exceeded by the growing need for better video quality and larger user population. This paper studies a parallel video server architecture that exploits server parallelism to achieve incremental scalability. First, unlike data partition and replication, the architecture employs data striping at the server level to achieve fine-grain load balancing across multiple servers. Second, a client-pull service model is employed to eliminate the need for interserver synchronization. Third, an admission-scheduling algorithm is proposed to further control the instantaneous load at each server so that linear scalability can be achieved. This paper analyzes the performance of the architecture by deriving bounds for server service delay, client buffer requirement, prefetch delay, and scheduling delay. These performance metrics and design tradeoffs are further evaluated using numerical examples. Our results show that the proposed parallel video server architecture can be linearly scaled up to more concurrent users simply by adding more servers and redistributing the video data among the servers.
Notas sobre la teoría del valor en el arte (2010)

El tema del valor de las obras de arte visual no fue planteado por el pensamiento de la Antiguedad; las filosofias del arte hablaban, mas bien, de las modalidades expresivas y de los generos que utilizaban el instrumento de la palabra, el logos, capaz, como sostenia Gorgias, de conciliar la invasion dionisiaca con la exigencia cognitiva que las Musas omniscientes regalaban al hombre. Las Musas, que sabian decir –como ellas mismas explicaban a Hesiodo– muchas mentiras similes a la verdad y tambien cantar la verdad, ilustraban el problema de las representaciones como un tejido hecho de ficciones enganadoras o como un tejido verdadero y realista. Si para Platon, como se lee en los Dialogos (1-3), el valor del arte radicaba en la capacidad de representar el eidos, lo bello, y nunca en tanto a actividad productora, para Aristoteles la actividad artistica conectaba organicamente el momento de la inspiracion de lo suprasensible con la realidad de la experiencia humana. Esta acentuacion de la instancia realista comportaba que en el artificio de la reconstruccion artistica fuesen reconducidos los hechos (to poio ta poia), de manera que el aparato formal de la narracion se podia limitar a lo verosimil, con la condicion imprescindible que el contenido de la verdad siguiese siendo el tejido de la realidad. Estas breves referencias al pensamiento de la Antiguedad –premisas imprescindibles para lo que ha sido la elaboracion estetica posterior– son importantes si estamos de acuerdo con A. Hauser y con la idea de que al final estamos “obligados” a elegir entre una concepcion idealista o una concepcion materialista de la historia, la cual no reconoce universalidad al ser ni a la operatividad del hombre (espiritual o tecnica). Y sin embargo en ambas opuestas elecciones criticas nunca se ha hablado del tema del valor de las practicas artisticas sino en terminos genericos –y casi siempre afectados por un condicionamiento idealista– atribuibles al tradicional criterio estimativo que hace interactuar lo bello con el bien; proposicion que lleva, en su clara y fuerte caracterizacion etica, hasta la tentacion de considerar, otra vez, el arte como una categoria metahistorica.
The diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis (2010)

Until recently, culture, microscopy, and serology have been the available methods for the diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis. While Coccidioides is frequently isolated by culture, special precautions must be taken because of the risk of laboratory infection and because Coccidioides is on the Select Agent list. Serology is useful but the sensitivity remains lower than desired. A commercially available test for coccidioidal galactomannan antigenuria now exists and appears useful for immunocompromised hosts with severe disease. Polymerase chain reaction assays targeting specific coccidioidal genes have demonstrated utility but are not commercially available. Moreover, their sensitivity and the best sample type remain unestablished.
An evaluation of the subjective categorization of hair quality pelt traits in Karakul lambs (1993)

In an investigation of the subjective categorization of pelt traits in Karakul lambs it was demonstrated that the common practice of treating the categories of a trait as equally spaced intervals is invalid. In 'n ondersoek na die subjektiewe kategorisering van pelseienskappe by Karakoellammers is aangetoon dat die algemene praktyk om die kategoriee van 'n eienskap as gelyk-gespasieerde intervalle te beskou, ongeldig is. Keywords : Hair quality, Karakul lambs, ordinal scale, subjective scores.
IDeF-X V1.0: Performances of a New CMOS Multi Channel Analogue Readout ASIC for Cd(Zn)Te Detectors (2006)

The evolution of the CdTe detector properties (leakage current, capacitance, and geometry) requires a continuous improvement of the electronic frond-end in terms of geometry, noise, and power consumption. This is why our group is working on a new modular spectro-imaging system based on CdTe detectors coupled to dedicated full custom readout ASICs, named IDeF-X for imaging detector front-end. We present the most recent version of IDeF-X which is a sixteen-channel analogue readout chip for hard X-ray spectroscopy. It has been processed with the standard AMS 0.35 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. Each channel consists of a charge sensitive preamplifier, a pole zero cancellation stage, a variable peaking time filter and an output buffer. IDeF-X is designed to be DC coupled to detectors having a low dark current at room temperature and is optimized for input capacitance ranging from 2 to 5 pF.
Power-Aware Testing and Test Strategies for Low Power Devices (2010)

International audience
Viability of Lead-Free Perovskites with Mixed Chalcogen and Halogen Anions for Photovoltaic Applications (2016)

We assess the viability for photovoltaic applications of proposed Pb-free perovskites with mixed chalcogen and halogen anions, AB(Ch,X)3 (A = Cs or Ba; B = Sb or Bi; Ch = chalcogen; X = halogen), by examining critical issues such as the structural, electronic/optical properties, and stability through the combination of density-functional theory calculations and solid-state reactions. The calculations show that these quaternary Pb-free perovskites are thermodynamically unstable—they are prone to decompose into ternary and/or binary secondary phases or form phases with nonperovskite structures. Solid-state synthesis efforts confirm the theoretically predicted difficulty for preparing these compounds; all attempted reactions do not form the desired perovskite phases with mixed chalcogen and halogen anions under conditions examined. Instead, they form separate binary and ternary compounds. Despite earlier predictions of promising characteristics for these prospective perovskites for photovoltaics, our results suggest that, due to their instability, the Pb-free perovskites with mixed chalcogen and halogen anions may be challenging to form under equilibrium synthetic conditions.
Solid Self-Nanoemulsifying Delivery Systems as a Platform Technology for Formulation of Poorly Soluble Drugs (2008)

New drug discovery programs produce molecules with poor physico-chemical properties, making delivery of these molecules at the right proportion into the body a big challenge to the formulation scientist. The various options available to overcome the hurdle include solvent precipitation, micronisation/nanonization using high-pressure homogenization or jet milling, salt formation, use of microspheres, solid dispersions, cogrinding, complexation, and many others. Self-nanoemulsifying systems (SNES) form one of the most popular and commercially viable approaches for delivery of poorly soluble drugs exhibiting dissolution rate limited absorption, especially those belonging to the Biopharmaceutics Classification System II/IV. SNES are essentially an isotropic blend of oils, surfactants, and/or cosolvents that emulsify spontaneously to produce oil in water nanoemulsion when introduced into aqueous phase under gentle agitation. Conventional SNES consist of liquid forms filled in hard or soft gelatin capsules, which are least preferred due to leaching and leakage phenomenon, interaction with capsule shell components, handling difficulties, machinability, and stability problems. Solidification of these liquid systems to yield solid self-nanoemulsifying systems (SSNES) offer a possible solution to the mentioned complications, and that is why these systems have attracted wide attention. Other than the advantages and wide application of SSNEDS, the present paper focuses on formulation considerations, selection, and function of solidifying excipients; techniques of preparation; and case studies of drugs selected from different therapeutic categories. Developments in the techniques for in vitro evaluation of SSNEDS have also been discussed.
Sequenc spectra of spontaneous <i>lacZ</i> gene mutations in trransgenic mouse somatic and germline tissues (1994)

As a critical step in determining whether transgenic mouse gene mutation systems are suitable models for the detection and quantification of induced gene mutations in vivo, spontaneous mutant frequencies and mutation spectra have been characterized for liver, bone marrow, and male germ cells of the lacZ transgenic mouse strain 40.6. The lacZ transgene is carried on a recombinant bacteriophage lambda shuttle vector that is recovered from mouse genomic DNA, and analysed in vitro for mutations that occurred in the mouse tissues. Mutations are detected visually as clear or pale blue plaques when X-gal is the substrate for beta-galactosidase; whereas, the wild-type plaques are dark blue. There was no statistical difference in the mutant frequency among the three tissues studied, the pooled mutant frequency being 2.23 +/- 0.41 per 10(5) pfu. The predominant type of mutation was GC-->AT transitions, with most occurring in 5'-CpG dinucleotides, suggesting that the deamination of 5-methylcytosine is the main mechanism of mutagenesis. There was, however, a statistically significant difference in the base pair substitution mutation spectrum for the liver and bone marrow when mutations were grouped according to GC or AT base-pairs. The proportion of transition versus transversion mutations was also statistically different among the three tissues, resulting mainly from the fact that germ cells were different from both bone marrow and liver. A lower number of spontaneous transitions in male germ cells was accompanied by an increase in transversions, with the proportion of GC-->AT transitions in 5'-CpG sites also declining.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Direct Blow-Spinning of Nanofibers on a Window Screen for Highly Efficient PM<sub>2.5</sub> Removal (2016)

Particulate matter (PM) pollution has caused many serious public health issues. Whereas indoor air protection usually relies on expensive and energy-consuming filtering devices, direct PM filtration by window screens has attracted increasing attention. Recently, electrospun polymer nanofiber networks have been developed as transparent filters for highly efficient PM<sub>2.5</sub> removal; however, it remains challenging to uniformly coat the nanofibers on window screens on a large scale and with low cost. Here, we report a blow-spinning technique that is fast, efficient, and free of high voltages for the large-scale direct coating of nanofibers onto window screens for indoor PM pollution protection. We have achieved a transparent air filter of 80% optical transparency with >99% standard removal efficiency level for PM<sub>2.5.</sub> A test on a real window (1 m × 2 m) in Beijing has proven that the nanofiber transparent air filter acquires excellent PM<sub>2.5</sub> removal efficiency of 90.6% over 12 h under extremely hazy air conditions (PM<sub>2.5</sub> mass concentration > 708 μg/m<sup>3</sup>). Moreover, we show that the nanofibers can be readily coated on the window screen for pollution protection and can be easily removed by wiping the screen after hazardous days.
Lung Injury and Recovery After Exposure to Blast Overpressure (2006)

The study shows the role of adaptive anti-oxidant and anti- inflammatory mechanisms in lung recovery after injury caused by exposure to BOP.