gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive Assessment of the Safety, Durability, Clinical Performance, and Healing Characteristics of a Double Velour Knitted Dacron Arterial Prosthesis (1980)

A resurgence of clinical reports documenting various modes of prosthetic graft failure have appeared recently in the literature. Increasing federal scrutiny and patient longevity make evaluation of graft durability and graft- related complications timely and imperative. Between October 1975 and February 1979, 298 patients underwent 310 arterial reconstructions using a single model of a porous double velour knitted Dacron graft. Average age was 61 ± 11 years (±SD) and males comprised 65% of the patient population. Two hundred forty-seven prosthetic grafts (80%) were used for aorto-iliac femoral reconstruction. Indications for operation included disabling claudi cation in 105 patients (35%), limb salvage in 71 patients (24%), aneurysm in 97 patients (33%), and other conditions in 25 patients. Follow-up averaged 1.8 years, extended to a maximum of 3.6 years, and yielded an aggregate of 475 graft-years of follow-up for analysis. Operative and late mortality rates were 10 and 10.8%, respectively; overall actuarial survival rate was 72 ± 4% (±SEM) at 3.1 years. Actuarial analysis showed that the probability of being free of unsalvageable graft thrombosis was 97 ± 1% at 1.7 years; of being free of graft infection, 96 ± 2% at 2.9 years; and of being free of major amputation, 95 ± 1% at 2.4 years. No late deaths or amputations were attributable to intrinsic graft failure, but one late death was related to reoperation for graft infection. Ongoing follow-up has failed to reveal any propensity for late graft dilatation, hemorrhage, or structural failure. Gross and histologic character istics of explanted grafts were uniformly favorable (in the absence of graft infection) including a thin, smooth, and translucent neointimal lining and densely adherent external encapsulation.
Measurement of platelet activation by fluorescence-activated flow cytometry. (1990)

Platelet activation is postulated to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of thrombotic and hemorrhagic disorders. Previous assays for detection of activated platelets were cumbersome and provided only nonspecific information with limited sensitivity. The recent introduction of fluorescence-activated flow cytometric techniques for platelet analysis used in combination with monoclonal antibodies for detection of specific platelet-activation antigens has introduced the possibility of improved assays to detect activated platelets. The monoclonal antibody S12, directed against the unique platelet-activation antigen GMP-140, has been used to develop a fluorescence-activated flow cytometric assay. Patient samples for this assay can be easily prepared and maintained until analyzed in batch mode. Peripheral blood obtained from normal subjects exhibited low levels of activated platelets, and the assay had sufficient sensitivity to detect as few as 2% to 3% activated platelets among normal platelets. Patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass had transiently increased numbers of circulating activated platelets. Evaluation of standard blood bank platelet concentrates has shown the presence of significant numbers of activated platelets. Other studies have suggested that the degree of platelet activation correlated with poor posttransfusion increments and survival. Thus, this assay may also be useful for quality control of platelet concentrates. Future development of the GMP-140 and other platelet-activation antigen assays should improve detection of disorders characterized by inappropriate platelet activation.
Multicenter Clinical Evaluation of the (1-&gt;3)  -D-Glucan Assay as an Aid to Diagnosis of Fungal Infections in Humans (2005)

Reproducible assay results with high specificity and high PPV in a multicenter setting demonstrate that use of an assay to detect serum BG derived from fungal cell walls is a useful diagnostic adjunct for IFI.
Web proxy caching (1998)

Much work in the analysis of proxy caching has focused on high-level metrics such as hit rates, and has approximated actual reference patterns by ignoring exceptional cases such as connection aborts. Several of these low-level details have a strong impact on performance, particularly in heterogeneous bandwidth environments such as modem pools connected to faster networks. Trace-driven simulation of the modem pool of a large ISP suggests that "cookies" dramatically affect the cachability of resources; wasted bandwidth due to aborted connections can more than offset the savings from cached documents; and using a proxy to keep from repeatedly opening new TCP connections can reduce latency more than simply caching data.
Increased erythropoiesis of β‐thalassaemia/Hb E proerythroblasts is mediated by high basal levels of ERK1/2 activation (2009)

Beta-thalassaemia is one of the most common inherited anaemias, arising from a partial or complete loss of beta-globin chain synthesis. In severe cases, marked bone marrow erythroid hyperplasia, believed to result from erythropoietin (EPO)-mediated feedback from the anaemic condition is common, however, as yet, no study has investigated EPO-mediated signal transduction in thalassaemic erythroid cells. Using proerythroblasts generated from peripheral blood circulating CD34+ haematopoietic progenitor cells, the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinases (MAPK/ERKs) pathway was examined under conditions of steady state growth, cytokine deprivation and post-EPO stimulation. Levels of cellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and Ca2+ were determined as was the degree of erythroid expansion. A significantly higher basal level of phosphorylation of ERK1/2 was observed in beta-thalassaemia/Hb E proerythroblasts as compared to normal controls, which was coupled with significantly higher levels of both cAMP and Ca2+. Modulation of either cAMP or Ca2+ or direct inhibition of MAPK/ERK kinase (MEK) reduced basal levels of ERK1/2 phosphorylation, as well as significantly reducing the level of erythroid expansion. These results suggest that, in contrast to current models, hyper proliferation of beta-thalassaemia/Hb E proerythroblasts is an intrinsic process driven by higher basal levels of ERK1/2 phosphorylation resulting from deregulation of levels of cAMP and Ca2+.
Heterogeneous metal-insertion: a novel reaction with porphyrins (1978)

Metal complexes of water-soluble and other porphyrins have been prepared by a heterogeneous reaction with the metal reactant present in an insoluble form. The oxidation state of the metal is important in the reactions. Metal reactants in the lower oxidation states (0, I, II) react with porphyrins but those in the higher oxidation states (III, IV) do not. Metalloporphyrins of high purity may be conveniently prepared by this method.
Characterization of a third form of the human T cell receptor gamma/delta. (1988)

A subpopulation of the CD3+ peripheral T lymphocytes express the TCR-gamma/delta complex. Three distinct TCR-gamma forms that differ in size and in the ability to form a disulfide bridge with the TCR-delta subunit have been described. In this study we analyze the structural difference between the non-disulfide-linked 55-kD and 40-kD TCR-gamma chains. The 40-kD TCR-gamma form contains a smaller polypeptide backbone and carries less carbohydrate compared with the 55-kD TCR-gamma form. A cDNA clone corresponding to the 40-kD TCR-gamma subunit lacks one copy of the second exon of the constant region that is present in the other TCR-gamma subunit. This exon copy encodes part of the connector region that is located between the constant domain and the membrane spanning region. We show that the number of potential N-linked glycan attachment sites are the same for the two TCR-gamma forms. Since these attachment sites are located in the connector region we conclude that the connector region influences the amount of N-linked carbohydrates added to the core TCR-gamma polypeptide, probably by affecting the conformation of the protein. In contrast to the TCR-beta constant region usage, the TCR-gamma constant regions are unequally expressed. Virtually exclusive usage of disulfide-linked complexes were found in some individuals, while both the disulfide-linked and the 40-kD, non-disulfide-linked TCR-gamma forms were detected in other subjects. The ability to distinguish these TCR-gamma/delta forms now makes it possible to study the mechanisms that govern their selection and to determine if they correspond to functionally distinct isotypes.
Size-dependent band gap of colloidal quantum dots (2006)

The size-dependent band gap of semiconductor quantum dots is a well-known and widely studied quantum confinement effect. In order to understand the size-dependent band gap, different theoretical approaches have been adopted, including the effective-mass approximation with infinite or finite confinement potentials, the tight-binding method, the linear combination of atomic orbitals method, and the empirical pseudopotential method. In the present work we calculate the size-dependent band gap of colloidal quantum dots using a recently developed method that predicts accurately the eigenstates and eigenenergies of nanostructures by utilizing the adiabatic theorem of quantum mechanics. We have studied various semiconductor (CdS, CdSe, CdTe, PbSe, InP, and InAs) quantum dots in different matrices. The theoretical predictions are, in most cases, in good agreement with the corresponding experimental data. In addition, our results indicate that the height of the finite-depth well confining potential is independent of the specific semiconductor of the quantum dot and exclusively depends on the matrix energy-band gap by a simple linear relation.
Cellulases and hemicellulases of the anaerobic fungus<i>Piromyces</i>constitute a multiprotein cellulose-binding complex and are encoded by multigene families (1995)

More than 80% of the extracellular Avicelase, endoglucanase, xylanase and mannanase activities of the anaerobic fungus Piromyces were associated with a cellulose-binding complex. The complex was composed of at least 10 polypeptides ranging in size from 190 kDa to 50 kDa, and contained numerous endoglucanases, xylanases and mannanases. Multiple genes encoding each of these activities were isolated from an expressing cDNA library.
Factors influencing restenosis after coronary angioplasty. (1990)

In 1989, it is estimated that coronary angioplasty will be performed in more than 250,000 patients for the relief of ischemic symptoms due to coronary artery disease. Despite its widespread acceptance, the overall success of coronary angioplasty has been limited by the development of recurrent ischemia due to restenosis in approximately 30% of patients undergoing this procedure. Restenosis, due to an excessive fibroproliferative response to endothelial denudation and vessel injury that occurs at the time of vessel dilatation, usually develops within six months after coronary angioplasty. Although a variety of clinical, anatomic, and procedural factors may identify patients at risk for the development of restenosis, intensive pharmacologic and, recently, mechanical interventions have generally been ineffective in its prevention. New therapies, including inhibition of platelet aggregation, receptor blockade of specific vasoactive mediators, and growth factor modification, appear to be promising methods for the future in the prevention of restenosis. Moreover, further refinement of the use of mechanical techniques such as excisional atherectomy, laser, and endoluminal stents may diminish the degree of vascular damage that occurs at the time of vessel dilatation, and attenuate the biologic processes that ultimately culminate in restenosis.
Fault-tolerant array processors using single-track switches (1989)

An array grid model based on single-track switches is proposed. A reconfigurability theorem is developed to provide the theoretical footing for novel reconfiguration algorithms for the fabrication-time and run-time processing. For fabrication-time yield enhancement, the problem of finding a feasible reconfiguration using global control can be reformulated as a maximum independent set problem. An existing algorithm in graph theory is adopted to solve this problem. The simulations conducted indicate that the algorithm is computationally very efficient; therefore, it may also be applicable to certain run-time fault tolerance. In real-time fault tolerance, the propagation time of data/control signals between the host computer incurred in the global control is often prohibitively long; therefore, only distributed processing is feasible. Based on the same reconfigurability theorem, a distributive reconfiguration algorithm is developed for (asynchronous) array processors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
α-Bromination of Dicarboxylic Acids<sup>1</sup> (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTα-Bromination of Dicarboxylic Acids1Erwin Schwenk and Domenick PapaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1948, 70, 11, 3626–3627Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1948https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01191a026RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views676Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (275 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
A case study of the rustock rootkit and spam bot (2007)

In this paper we present a case study of the steps leading up to the extraction of the spam bot payload found within a backdoor rootkit known as Backdoor.Rustock.B or Spam-Mailbot.c. Following the extraction of the spam module we focus our analysis on the steps necessary to decrypt the communications between the command and control server and infected hosts. Part of the discussion involves a method to extract the encryption key from within the malware binary and use that to decrypt the communications. The result is a better understanding of an advanced botnet communications scheme.
Representing the production cost curve of a power system using the method of moments (1992)

The author presents an analytic formula, based on the equivalent load method, to calculate the production cost curve of a power system. A totally thermal generating system is assumed, although with some exceptions discussed the results extend to systems with limited energy and storage units. Their loading order positions are assumed known and fixed when the curves are calculated, determined beforehand by running a full production cost model. The formula consists of several terms of a Gram-Charlier series using moments which are computed in one iteration of the usual probabilistic production cost algorithm. The author demonstrates how to calculate the total production cost from the marginal cost curve, and shows how to decompose the system cost curve to simplify the repeated production cost calculations needed in generation planning models. Computational experience is discussed. Some mathematical details are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Monitoring, Operational Manager Efforts and Inventory Policy. (2003)

Operations managers are becoming more important in modern corporations. They do not only care on firms' inventory management but also they are involved in firms' strategic decisions. Within this setting we ask about the consequences in the inventory policy of this new role undertaken by these managers. To do so, we develop a model where a firm's Operations Manager can devote some efforts to develop non-inventory related activities. These efforts, although non-verifiable, may be known with a certain probability if the owner monitors them. Interestingly, by monitoring these efforts, a firm's owner may end up stimulating Operations Manager to achieve steep inventory cost reductions in the short-term. Basic idea is that Operations Manager, in general, avoids reducing inventory costs significantly in one period because this makes additional cost cuts difficult which, in turn, reduce expected future inventory-related retribution. However, by compensating those non-inventory-related efforts may offset these losses. Thus, although Operations Managers in modern corporations carry out non-inventory related responsibilities, this may bring about some benefits on inventory costs reduction.
Characterization of a dinucleotide repeat in the 92 kDa type IV collagenase gene (CLG4B), localization of CLG4B to chromosome 20 and the role of CLG4B in aortic aneurysmal disease (1995)

Proteolytic imbalance may play a role in the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). CLG4B, which encodes the 92-kDa form of type IV collagenase, is a candidate gene for AAA. We genotyped a polymorphic dinucleotide repeat in the 5' flanking region of CLG4B in 94 unrelated Caucasian controls and in 127 unrelated Caucasian AAA cases. Eight alleles were detected in 188 control chromosomes with an observed heterozygosity of 0.68. There was no significant difference in allele distribution between cases and controls. We genotyped the dinucleotide repeat in 10 CEPH reference pedigrees and performed pairwise linkage analysis with markers on each of the 22 human autosomes. Lod scores between 10.45 and 20.29 were observed with markers spanning chromosome region 20q11.2-q13.1. Further support for assignment of CLG4B to chromosome 20 was provided by analysis of human-rodent somatic cell hybrids. This work describes a highly polymorphic marker in the CLG4B gene and assigns this gene to chromosome 20.
Structure Control of Plasma Sprayed Zircon Coating by Substrate Preheating and Post Heat Treatment (2005)

Zircon is widely used in industrial field as a refractory material, because of its excellent mechanical and chemical properties at high temperature. Authors have been studied on the effect of the heat treatment on the structure and properties of plasma sprayed zircon coating as a candidate for an environmental barrier coating (EBC). In this study, very dense coating with excellent adhesive strength was successfully obtained by optimizing the spray process. Substrate temperature is one of the dominant factors to control porosity and crack formation in the coating. The higher substrate temperature, obtained by plasma pre-heating, resulted in lower porosity and less cracks. Open porosity of the coating was quite low, about 2%, in the coatings obtained especially above 1473 K of the substrate temperature.
A formula for thermal stability (Tm) prediction of PNA/DNA duplexes (1998)

An empirical formula for thermal stability (T m) prediction of PNA/DNA duplexes has been derived. The model is based on the T m as calculated for the corresponding DNA/DNA duplex employing a nearest neighbour approach, by including terms for the pyrimidine content and length of the PNA to take into account the increased thermostability of PNA/DNA hybrids and the asymmetry of the PNA-DNA heteroduplex. The predictive power of the T m prediction formula was challenged with an independent data set not used for model building. The T m of >90% of the sequences was predicted within 5 K; 98% of the predicted T ms differ by not more than 10 K from the experimentally determined T m.
Emendation of Methylobacillus Yordy and Weaver 1977, a Genus for Methanol-Utilizing Bacteria (1986)

The group 1 methanol-utilizing bacteria examined in this study are gram-negative, nonsporeforming, rod-shaped organisms which use the ribulose monophosphate pathway for methanol utilization. These organisms are generally motile by means of a single polar flagellum, but a small number of strains are nonmotile, and although most are obligately methylotrophic, several strains utilize d-fructose in addition to methanol. Their deoxyribonucleic acid base composition ranges from 50.0 to 56.0 mol% guanine plus cytosine. Their cellular fatty acids consist predominantly of large amounts of straight-chain saturated C16:0 acid and unsaturated C16:1 acid. The major ubiquinone is Q-8, and Q-7 and Q-9 are present as minor components. Type strain TK 0113 (= Yordy and Weaver T-11 = ATCC 29475 = JCM 2850 = NCIB 11375) of Methylobacillus glycogenes is included in this group. The genus Methylobacillus was established based on the description of only one nonmotile strain, which does not utilize d-fructose. Therefore, we propose emendation of the genus Methylobacillus and Methylobacillus glycogenes, in which polarly flagellated organisms and d-fructose-utilizing organisms are included.
A chip-multiprocessor architecture with speculative multithreading (1999)

Much emphasis is now being placed on chip-multiprocessor (CMP) architectures for exploiting thread-level parallelism in applications. In such architectures, speculation may be employed to execute applications that cannot be parallelized statically. In this paper, we present an efficient CMP architecture for the speculative execution of sequential binaries without source recompilation. We present software support that enables the identification of threads from a sequential binary. The hardware includes a memory disambiguation mechanism that enables the detection of interthread memory dependence violations during speculative execution. This hardware is different from past proposals in that it does not rely on a snoopy-based cache-coherence protocol. Instead, it uses an approach similar to a directory-based scheme. Furthermore, the architecture includes a simple and efficient hardware mechanism to enable register-level communication between on-chip processors. Evaluation of this software-hardware approach shows that it is quite effective in achieving high performance when running sequential binaries.
Regulation by vitamin E of phosphatidylcholine metabolism in rat heart (1987)

Lysophosphatidylcholine is the major lysophospholipid in mammalian tissues and has been shown to be cytolytic at high concentrations. In the present study we demonstrated that the level of lysophosphatidylcholine was significantly increased in the heart of rats fed with a vitamin E-deficient diet. Moreover, the cardiac lysophosphatidylcholine level was decreased in rats fed with a high vitamin E diet. The alterations in cardiac lysophosphatidylcholine level by dietary vitamin E were attributed to the changes in the activity of cardiac phospholipase A. Dietary vitamin E affected both phospholipase A1 and A2 in the same manner, but had no effect on the other major enzymes which are responsible for the metabolism of lysophosphatidylcholine. Kinetic studies revealed that the inhibition of enzyme activity by vitamin E was essentially non-competitive. The accumulation of lysophosphatidylcholine in the rat heart may be one of the underlying biochemical causes of the observed cardiac dysfunctions produced during vitamin E deficiency.