gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Proactive Vehicle Re-routing Strategies for Congestion Avoidance (2012)

Traffic congestion causes driver frustration and costs billions of dollars annually in lost time and fuel consumption. This paper presents three traffic re-routing strategies designed to be incorporated in a cost-effective and easily deployable vehicular traffic guidance system that reduces the effect of traffic congestions. This system collects real-time traffic data from vehicles and road-side sensors and computes proactive, individually-tailored re-routing guidance which is pushed to vehicles when signs of congestion are observed on their route. Extensive simulation results over two urban road networks show that all three strategies, namely multipath load balancing considering future vehicle positions (EBkSP), random multipath load balancing (RkSP), and dynamic shortest path (DSP), significantly decrease the average travel time. EBkSP is the best, with as much as 104% improvement compared to the "no re-routing" baseline. Additionally, it lowers with 34% the re-routing frequency compared to the other strategies. Finally, all strategies offer good improvements even when many drivers ignore the guidance or when the system adoption rate is relatively low.
Na,K-ATPase extracellular surface probed with a monoclonal antibody that enhances ouabain binding. (1992)

The Na,K-stimulated ATPase is inhibited by extracellular cardiac glycosides, which bind to the enzyme's alpha subunit. We used a monoclonal antibody, VG4, as a probe of the extracellular surface. The antibody was specific for Na,K-ATPase and bound to intact cells. The epitope was mapped to the first extracellular loop (H1-H2) of alpha, using a combination of techniques including trypsinolysis, N-terminal sequence of a fragment containing the determinant, and analysis of the effects of species-specific sequence differences. The antibody inhibited Na,K-ATPase activity under certain circumstances, indicating that the H1-H2 loop participates in conformational changes that are transmitted to the active site. Mutations in the H1-H2 loop have been shown by others to affect ouabain affinity. Ouabain and the antibody acted synergistically to inhibit the enzyme, which seemingly supported the hypothesis that the H1-H2 loop is an essential part of the cardiac glycoside binding site. Direct measurements of the binding of [3H]ouabain, however, indicated that VG4 enhanced rather than inhibited binding, presumably by promoting favorable conformation changes. The data suggest the possibility that the cardiac glycoside binding site may be intramembrane rather than extracellular.
The Relation Between Symptom Improvement and Gastric Emptying in the Treatment of Diabetic and Idiopathic Gastroparesis (2013)

In this review, no evidence of a relationship between SI and GE was identified for different drugs used for the treatment of gastroparesis. This finding questions the use of GE measurement to direct drug development for gastroparesis.
Common elements in today's graphical user interfaces (1993)

This panel will identify some of the similarities amongst the different familiar graphical user interfaces that make them seem so indistinguishable. This panel will then identify some of the similarities that don't belong in any modern user interface.
Attribute-Based Messaging (2010)

Attribute-Based Messaging (ABM) enables messages to be addressed using attributes of recipients rather than an explicit list of recipients. Such messaging offers benefits of efficiency, exclusiveness, and intensionality, but faces challenges in access control and confidentiality. In this article we explore an approach to intraenterprise ABM based on providing access control and confidentiality using information from the same attribute database exploited by the addressing scheme. We show how to address three key challenges. First, we demonstrate a manageable access control system based on attributes. Second, we demonstrate use of attribute-based encryption to provide end-to-end confidentiality. Third, we show that such a system can be efficient enough to support ABM for mid-size enterprises. Our implementation can dispatch confidential ABM messages approved by XACML policy review for an enterprise of at least 60,000 users with only seconds of latency.
Restenosis following transluminal angioplasty in experimental atherosclerosis. (1984)

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty has received considerable attention in the treatment of obstructive atherosclerotic lesions in humans. However, restenosis frequently occurs and has limited the long-term effectiveness of this procedure. To study restenosis, a model of atherosclerosis was developed in 16 New Zealand rabbits. Atherosclerosis was induced in one or both iliac vessels by balloon deendothelialization followed by a 2% cholesterol diet for 6 weeks. Angiographic lesions were demonstrable in all animals. Fourteen iliac vessels served as controls, and nine underwent successful angioplasty with an increase in luminal diameter from 1.0 +/- 0.2 to 1.9 +/- 0.4 mm (p less than 0.01). After 4 weeks on a high cholesterol diet, all animals had another angiogram, which documented significant progression of disease in only six of 14 control iliac vessels, but in all nine dilated vessels. The average decrease in luminal diameter was 0.2 +/- 0.3 mm for the control group compared with 1.6 +/- 0.5 mm for the dilated group (p less than 0.01). Histopathological correlates revealed further remodeling of at various stages of organization and recanalization. In summary, this study demonstrates that restenosis occurs following transluminal angioplasty and is significantly more frequent than the natural progression of disease in a rabbit model of atherosclerosis. The mechanism of this restenosis appears to be related to intraluminal thrombosis and acceleration of atherosclerosis. Evaluation of antiplatelet drugs in the prevention of restenosis seems warranted.
Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Cross-Linked Photopolymers Based on Multifunctional Thiol−Urethane Ene Monomers (2007)

Urethane-based multiene monomers were synthesized and photopolymerized with a trifunctional thiol monomer to form highly cross-linked thiol−ene networks. Real-time FTIR was used to monitor the conversion of thiol and urethane ene monomers as a function of irradiation time. For stoichiometric thiol−urethane ene photopolymerizations, monomers reacted in a 1:1 molar functional group ratio, reaching ∼90% monomer conversion within several seconds. The effects of the ene chemical structure and concentration on thermal and mechanical properties were characterized by DMA, DSC, TGA, tensile, and energy absorption upon nondestructive impact. The temperature at tan δmax of the thiol−urethane ene networks was around 39 °C and decreased to lower temperatures with the addition of a reactive diluent diallyl ether ene monomer. Tensile and impact results were combined with fracture toughness measurements to elucidate the effect of the urethane and bisphenol A chemical structures. The energy absorption was dependent on the glass transition temperature of the thiol−urethane ene cross-linked networks. Improvement in fracture toughness and tensile properties was observed with the incorporation of 10 mol % of an ene with a bisphenol A structure. Scanning electron micrographs of fractured surfaces were used to interpret the nature of the brittle fracture. All of the properties of the thiol−urethane ene networks were compared to a conventional trithiol−triallyltriazine trione-based matrix.
Testing flow graph reducibility (1973)

Many problems in program optimization have been solved by applying a technique called interval analysis to the flow graph of the program. A flow graph which is susceptible to this type of analysis is called reducible. This paper describes an algorithm for testing whether a flow graph is reducible. The algorithm uses depth-first search to reveal the structure of the flow graph and a good method for computing disjoint set unions to determine reducibility from the search information. When the algorithm is implemented on a random access computer, it requires O(E log* E) time to analyze a graph with E edges, where log* x = min{i/logix≤1}. The time bound compares favorably with the O(E log E) bound of a previously known algorithm.
A revision of the genus <i>Trichoderma</i>. I. Section <i>Longibrachiatum</i> sect. nov. (1984)

Variation in strains assignable to the Trichoderma longibrachiatum Rifai and T. pseudokoningii Rifai species aggregates was studied. Morphological similarities allow their assignment to one section in Trichoderma, sect. Longibrachiatum, characterized and differentiated from other species of Trichoderma by the sparsely branched conidiophores having a high proportion of solitary phialides. Cultural characteristics include very rapid growth and the production of characteristic bright yellow-green pigments visible in the colony reverse. Two new species are described in the section: Trichoderma citrinoviride Bissett has ellipsoidal conidia smaller than in the other species and conidiophore branching similar to that in T. pseudokoningii; Trichoderma atroviride Bissett has relatively large, ellipsoidal conidia and a very sparse branching system with curved or sinuous conidiophores, branches, and phialides.
Generation of the improved recombinant xylose-utilizing TMB 3400 by random mutagenesis and physiological comparison with CBS 6054 (2003)

The recombinant xylose-utilizing Saccharomyces cerevisiae TMB 3399 was constructed by chromosomal integration of the genes encoding D-xylose reductase (XR), xylitol dehydrogenase (XDH), and xylulokinase (XK). S. cerevisiae TMB 3399 was subjected to chemical mutagenesis with ethyl methanesulfonate and, after enrichment, 33 mutants were selected for improved growth on D-xylose and carbon dioxide formation in Durham tubes. The best-performing mutant was called S. cerevisiae TMB 3400. The novel, recombinant S. cerevisiae strains were compared with Pichia stipitis CBS 6054 through cultivation under aerobic, oxygen-limited, and anaerobic conditions in a defined mineral medium using only D-xylose as carbon and energy source. The mutation led to a more than five-fold increase in maximum specific growth rate, from 0.0255 h(-1) for S. cerevisiae TMB 3399 to 0.14 h(-1) for S. cerevisiae TMB 3400, whereas P. stipitis grew at a maximum specific growth rate of 0.44 h(-1). All yeast strains formed ethanol only under oxygen-limited and anaerobic conditions. The ethanol yields and maximum specific ethanol productivities during oxygen limitation were 0.21, 0.25, and 0.30 g ethanol g xylose(-1) and 0.001, 0.10, and 0.16 g ethanol g biomass(-1) h(-1) for S. cerevisiae TMB 3399, TMB 3400, and P. stipitis CBS 6054, respectively. The xylitol yield under oxygen-limited and anaerobic conditions was two-fold higher for S. cerevisiae TMB 3399 than for TMB 3400, but the glycerol yield was higher for TMB 3400. The specific activity, in U mg protein(-1), was higher for XDH than for XR in both S. cerevisiae TMB 3399 and TMB 3400, while P. stipitis CBS 6054 showed the opposite relation. S. cerevisiae TMB 3400 displayed higher specific XR, XDH and XK activities than TMB 3399. Hence, we have demonstrated that a combination of metabolic engineering and random mutagenesis was successful to generate a superior, xylose-utilizing S. cerevisiae, and uncovered distinctive physiological properties of the mutant.
Progesterone: protective effects on the cat hippocampal neuronal damage due to acute global cerebral ischemia. (1998)

Overall results suggest that progesterone exerts protective effects against the neuronal cerebral damage induced by acute global cerebral ischemia.
Development of the human coagulation system in the healthy premature infant (1988)

This study was designed to determine the postnatal development of the human coagulation system in the healthy premature infant. Consecutive mothers of healthy premature infants born at either St Joseph's Hospital or McMaster University Medical Centre in Hamilton were asked for consent. One hundred thirty-seven premature infants (30 to 36 weeks of gestational age) entered the study. The premature infants did not have any major health problems and did not require ventilation or supplemental oxygen. Demographic information and a 20-mL blood sample were obtained in the postnatal period on days 1, 5, 30, 90, and 180. Between 40 and 96 premature infants were studied on each day for each of the following tests: prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin clotting time, plasminogen; 13 factor assays [fibrinogen, II, V, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, XIII, high-mol-wt kininogen (HMWK), prekallikrein (PK), von Willebrand factor (vWF)] and eight inhibitors [antithrombin III (AT-III), heparin cofactor II, alpha 2-antiplasmin, alpha 2-macroglobulin, alpha 1-antitrypsin, C1 esterase inhibitor, protein C (PC), and protein S (PS)]. A combination of biologic and immunologic assays were used. Between 30 to 36 weeks there was a minimal effect of gestational age for levels of AT-III, PC, and factors II and X only; therefore, the entire data set was used to generate reference ranges for these components of the coagulation system for premature infants. Next, the results for the premature infants were compared with those of a previously published study in 118 fullterm infants and with those for adults. An effect of gestational age was shown for plasminogen, fibrinogen, factors II, V, VIII, IX, XI, XII, HMWK, and all eight inhibitors. In general, the postnatal maturation towards adult levels was accelerated in premature infants as compared with the fullterm infants. By 6 months of age, most components of the coagulation system in premature infants had achieved near adult values.
Energy-Aware Cache Management for Content-Centric Networking (2013)

In-network caching for CCN (Content-Centric Networking)is expected to achieve an adaptive content delivery in the network and to reduce traffic by storing content data on each router. Reducing traffic is also important because power consumption in networks has been increasing yearly year. Therefore, in-network caching is beneficial in view of energy-efficiency. However, in order to improve energy efficiency of the network, it is necessary to cache content appropriately in consideration of both power consumption of content caching and transmission of traffic. Moreover for a distributed cache framework such as CCN, content caching should be autonomously controlled by distributed cache nodes. In this paper, we propose a distributed cache management mechanism to control energy-efficient cache locations of content. Furthermore, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed mechanism by simulations.
Some economics of market-based distributed scheduling (2002)

Market mechanisms solve distributed scheduling problems by allocating the scheduled resources according to market prices. We model distributed scheduling as a discrete resource allocation problem, and demonstrate the applicability of economic analysis to this framework. Drawing on results from the literature, we discuss the existence of equilibrium prices for some general classes of scheduling problems, and the quality of equilibrium solutions. We then present two auction protocols for implementing solutions, and analyze their computational and economic properties.
Extracting useful information from the full text of fiction (2007)

In this paper, we describe some experiments in large-scale Information Extraction (IE) focusing on book texts. We investigate the scalability of IE techniques to full-sized books, and the utility of IE techniques in extracting useful information from fiction. In particular, we evaluate a variety of Named Entity Recognition (NER) techniques in identifying the central characters in works of fiction. First, we describe the creation of a gold standard for evaluation, which contains ordered lists of characters for a corpus of classic book texts in Project Gutenberg. Second, we describe several approaches to the task of character identification, where our best model achieves an average coverage score of 78.4% across all central characters. Finally, we propose a number of approaches for future work.
Augmented Reality for Industrial Building Acceptance (2008)

In this paper we present an augmented reality (AR) application for industrial building acceptance. Building acceptance is the process of comparing as-planned documentation with the factory that was actually built. A self-supported mobile AR device, the AR-planar, is used to facilitate this comparison by overlaying 3D models on top of a video image. The suitability of this approach is assessed using an expert heuristic in a real factory, and furthermore the usability of the AR-planar in comparison to other AR systems was examined in a complementary user study.
General TE/sub 011/-Mode Waveguide Bandpass Filters (1976)

A new structure for high-Q TE/sub 011/-mode circular waveguide cavities is introduced and shown to realize the most general bandpass-filter transfer functions. Methods of improving the mode purity and suppressing the degenerate TE/sub 111/ mode are presented. Several experimental narrow-bandpass filters having finite attenuation poles have been constructed; their measured responses show excellent agreement with theory. Average realizable unloaded Q's of 20000 and 16000 have been achieved at 8 and 12 GHz, respectively.
Activation of Central Terminal Vanilloid Receptor-1 Receptors and αβ-Methylene-ATP-Sensitive P2X Receptors Reveals a Converged Synaptic Activity onto the Deep Dorsal Horn Neurons of the Spinal Cord (2002)

Using a spinal cord slice preparation and patch-clamp recordings from spinal cord dorsal horn neurons, we examined excitatory and inhibitory circuits connecting to lamina V neurons after the activation of afferent central terminal vanilloid receptor-1 (VR1) receptors and P2X receptors. We found that single neurons in lamina V often received excitatory inputs from two chemically defined afferent pathways. One of these pathways was polysynaptic from capsaicin-sensitive afferent terminals. In this pathway the capsaicin-sensitive afferent input first activated interneurons in superficial laminas, and then the excitatory activity was transmitted onto lamina V neurons. The second excitatory input was monosynaptic from alpha(beta)m-ATP-sensitive/capsaicin-insensitive afferent terminals. Both capsaicin-sensitive and alpha(beta)m-ATP-sensitive/capsaicin-insensitive pathways also recruited polysynaptic inhibitory inputs to lamina V neurons. Furthermore, we demonstrated that simultaneous activation of both capsaicin-sensitive afferent pathways and alpha(beta)m-ATP-sensitive/capsaicin-insensitive pathways could generate a temporal summation of excitatory inputs onto single lamina V neurons. These convergent pathways may provide a mechanism of sensory integration for two chemically defined sensory inputs and may have implications in different sensory states.
Synthesis of complex sequential control systems from standard sequence packages (1971)

The paper gives a qualitative treatment of a new approach to the synthesis of sequential control systems. Complex sequential control systems can be assembled from a relatively small number of standard sequence packages. These have useful sequential properties in their own right, but the methods for coupling them together to form larger sequential systems are described by the authors. Additional benefit is gained by using the machine actuators alone as memory devices. This removes any possibility of unintentional disturbance of the state of the memory function in the control system. Three examples are chosen to illustrate the design process.
Identification of the N‐glycosylation sites on glutamate carboxypeptidase II necessary for proteolytic activity (2004)

Glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) is a membrane peptidase expressed in the prostate, central and peripheral nervous system, kidney, small intestine, and tumor-associated neovasculature. The GCPII form expressed in the central nervous system, termed NAALADase, is responsible for the cleavage of N-acetyl-L-aspartyl-L-glutamate (NAAG) yielding free glutamate in the synaptic cleft, and is implicated in various pathologic conditions associated with glutamate excitotoxicity. The prostate form of GCPII, termed prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), is up-regulated in cancer and used as an effective prostate cancer marker. Little is known about the structure of this important pharmaceutical target. As a type II membrane protein, GCPII is heavily glycosylated. In this paper we show that N-glycosylation is vital for proper folding and subsequent secretion of human GCPII. Analysis of the predicted N-glycosylation sites also provides evidence that these sites are critical for GCPII carboxypeptidase activity. We confirm that all predicted N-glycosylation sites are occupied by an oligosaccharide moiety and show that glycosylation at sites distant from the putative catalytic domain is critical for the NAAG-hydrolyzing activity of GCPII calling the validity of previously described structural models of GCPII into question.
Structural models for carcinoembryonic antigen and its complex with the single‐chain Fv antibody molecule MFE23 (2000)

MFE23 is a single chain Fv antibody that has a high affinity for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). A full homology model for CEA based on V-type, I-type and C2-type immunoglobulin folds, 28 oligosaccharides and the interdomain angle of CD2 was validated using solution scattering data. The superimposition of the intermolecular contacts observed in our recent crystal structure of MFE23 with the N-terminal domain of CEA permitted the MFE23-CEA complex to be modelled. Good surface and electrostatic complementarity and carbohydrate-unhindered access of MFE23 with the indentation between the first two CEA domains was observed. The model is supported by biochemical data and provides insight on the high affinity of MFE23 for CEA.
Social networking of the Smart Home (2010)

Social networking on the Web has become an integral part of our lives. Merging of computing with physical things enabled the conversion of everyday objects into information appliances. This merging allows Smart Homes to offer new automation possibilities to their residents. We propose utilizing existing social networking infrastructures and their Web-based APIs in order to integrate Smart Homes to the Web, offering social status to physical devices. We exploit the functionality and the Web 2.0 technologies provided by Facebook to transform the interaction with the Smart Home into a shared, social experience. A preliminary technical evaluation indicates that our approach is feasible and it offers acceptable performance.
Task-Specific Generalization of Discrete and Periodic Dynamic Movement Primitives (2010)

Acquisition of new sensorimotor knowledge by imitation is a promising paradigm for robot learning. To be effective, action learning should not be limited to direct replication of movements obtained during training but must also enable the generation of actions in situations a robot has never encountered before. This paper describes a methodology that enables the generalization of the available sensorimotor knowledge. New actions are synthesized by the application of statistical methods, where the goal and other characteristics of an action are utilized as queries to create a suitable control policy, taking into account the current state of the world. Nonlinear dynamic systems are employed as a motor representation. The proposed approach enables the generation of a wide range of policies without requiring an expert to modify the underlying representations to account for different task-specific features and perceptual feedback. The paper also demonstrates that the proposed methodology can be integrated with an active vision system of a humanoid robot. 3-D vision data are used to provide query points for statistical generalization. While 3-D vision on humanoid robots with complex oculomotor systems is often difficult due to the modeling uncertainties, we show that these uncertainties can be accounted for by the proposed approach.