gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of hyperbaric oxygen on human skin cells in culture and in human dermal and skin equivalents (1999)

A critical stage of cutaneous wound healing is the development and maturation of the epidermis. In the aged, and in certain pathologies, this repair process is compromised due to a variety of deficiencies, one of which is tissue oxygenation. Several phases of wound healing are dependent on adequate tissue oxygen levels, and hyperbaric oxygenation has been shown to transiently elevate these levels. The use of human cell monolayers, dermal equivalents and human skin equivalents provide excellent opportunities for studying wound healing using in vivo relevant models. The goal of this study was to examine the effect of hyperbaric oxygen on cell proliferation, differentiation, and matrix biosynthesis in monolayer cultures and epidermopoiesis in the developing skin equivalent. Normal human dermal fibroblasts, keratinocytes and melanocytes, dermal equivalents and skin equivalents were exposed to hyperbaric oxygen at pressures up to three atmospheres, for up to 10 consecutive daily treatments lasting 90 minutes each. Increase in fibroblast proliferation (cf., 30% at 1 atmosphere after 10 days treatment), was observed without a significant effect on proliferation of normal human melanocytes and glycosaminoglycan synthesis. Stimulation of collagen synthesis after two days of treatment was only significant at 1 atmosphere (about 20% increase) but this differential was not observed after 5 days of treatment. Hyperbaric oxygenation above 2 atmospheres, inhibited proliferation of fibroblasts and keratinocytes in cell monolayer cultures (e.g., a 10 day treatment at 3 atmospheres appeared cytostatic to keratinocytes). In contrast, hyperbaric treatment up to 3 atmospheres dramatically enhanced keratinocyte differentiation, and epidermopoiesis in the complete human skin equivalent. These results support the importance of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in wound healing, and should provide an insight into oxygen utilization during repair of peripheral human tissue. The results also show the utility of the human skin equivalent as a model for evaluation of parameters involved in wound healing.
Extending the useful range of copper interconnects for high data rate signal transmission (2002)

As data processing speeds increase, systems designers are continually bumping into the limitations of traditional wiring methods and become tempted to cross the barrier into fiber optics technology. Several techniques for increasing the useful range of copper based interconnects in both bandwidth and distance have been developed. These can lead to cost effective alternatives to implementing fiber optic solutions, especially for distances up to 100 meters. Critical to maximizing the benefits of these techniques is to take a system approach which goes beyond just improving cable or connector design. This paper discusses the typical challenges facing interconnect designers along with potential solutions that can be generally applied to a variety of applications. Improvements in cabling technology are shown including reduced skew, tightened impedance control, higher density designs, multi-signal termination techniques and built-in equalization. Suitable connector types are also presented to evaluate compatibility and availability. System considerations such as parallel vs. serial, driver and receiver types, selection of characteristic impedance and encoding schemes are included for further background on design issues. All of this information is presented in light of typical concerns such as signal fidelity, cable size, EMC, and cost. Tradeoffs between copper and fiber optic based systems are presented based on current and expected future costs. As the need for a fiber optic link becomes more evident, a seamless migration approach is outlined which allows fiber optic links to be selectively installed on an as needed basis for longer distance runs.
Spin-block synchronization algorithm in the shared memory multiprocessor system (1994)

Implemmentation of efficient synchronization algorithm is imporant in the parallel processing computer. Everyone usually say that implementation of synchronization in the parallel processing computer is a necessary evil. That is, synchronization in the parallel processing computer is positively necessary when user access shared resources in the computer system. But using of the wrong synchronization algorithm makes to many troubles in the parallel processing computer. In this paper proposed new algorithm of spin-block synchronization algorithm with multiprocessor system. This is based on type of queue lock and block lock. In this paper's queue lock is modified queue lock. So this type of new lock algorithm is spin-block algorithm. The Spin-Block synchronization algorithm's performance is evaluated by statistical analysis. The Spin-Block lock algorithm is alternative possibility to spin lock or block if any case in system overload. Finally, this algorithm is evaluated by performance model among traditional other lock algorithm. In this experiment we concluded that Spin-Block lock algorithm is good response time among other traditional lock algorithms.
&lt;title&gt;Photonics for phased array radars&lt;/title&gt; (1995)

This paper presents the experimental demonstration and the far field pattern characterization of an optically controlled phased array antenna. It operates between 2.5 and 3.5 GHz and is made of 16 radiating elements. The optical control uses a 2D architecture based on free space propagation and on polarization switching by N spatial light modulators of pxp pixels. It provides 2<SUP>N-1</SUP> time delays values and an analog control of the 0 to 2(pi) phase for each of the pxp signals feeding the antenna (N equals 5, p equals 4).
The Status of DC Micro-Grid Protection (2008)

AC microgrids are a convenient approach to integrating distributed energy systems with utility power systems. On the other hand, DC micro-grids can lead to more efficient integration of distributed generation. They are the preferred topology for present shipboard, aircraft and automotive power systems and hold promise for future environmentally friendly office buildings, homes, rural areas and industrial power parks. However, standards, guidelines, practical experience and cost effective implementations for DC system protection are well behind practices in AC system protection. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the body of research on protection of DC micro-grids, presented with a goal of identifying and advancing the field. The paper presents a discussion of the current status of dc micro-grid protection, including the use of electro-mechanical circuit breakers, solid state circuit breakers, protective system design, ground fault location and fault isolation.
Digital multi-carrier spread spectrum versus direct sequence spread spectrum for resistance to jamming and multipath (2002)

We compare single user digital multi-carrier spread spectrum (MC-SS) modulation with direct sequence (DS) SS (with a modified implementation) in the presence of narrowband interference (NBI) and multipath fading. We derive closed-form expressions for the symbol error probability for both the linear MMSE receiver as well as the conventional matched-filter receiver under different scenarios: additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel with NBI, multipath channel with or without NBI. We show that DS-SS can achieve the same performance as MC-SS if the spreading code is carefully designed to have perfect periodic autocorrelation function (PACF). On the other hand, MC-SS is more robust to narrowband interference and multipath fading than is DS-SS with the widely used spreading codes that do not possess perfect PACE. Our analysis reveals that the performance improvement of MC-SS is precisely due to the implicit construction of an equivalent spreading code having nonconstant amplitude but possessing perfect periodic autocorrelation.
A CRISPR view of development (2014)

The CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat)-Cas9 (CRISPR-associated nuclease 9) system is poised to transform developmental biology by providing a simple, efficient method to precisely manipulate the genome of virtually any developing organism. This RNA-guided nuclease (RGN)-based approach already has been effectively used to induce targeted mutations in multiple genes simultaneously, create conditional alleles, and generate endogenously tagged proteins. Illustrating the adaptability of RGNs, the genomes of >20 different plant and animal species as well as multiple cell lines and primary cells have been successfully modified. Here we review the current and potential uses of RGNs to investigate genome function during development.
Learning effective query transformations for enhanced requirements trace retrieval (2013)

In automated requirements traceability, significant improvements can be realized through incorporating user feedback into the trace retrieval process. However, existing feedback techniques are designed to improve results for individual queries. In this paper we present a novel technique designed to extend the benefits of user feedback across multiple trace queries. Our approach, named Trace Query Transformation (TQT), utilizes a novel form of Association Rule Mining to learn a set of query transformation rules which are used to improve the efficacy of future trace queries. We evaluate TQT using two different kinds of training sets. The first represents an initial set of queries directly modified by human analysts, while the second represents a set of queries generated by applying a query optimization process based on initial relevance feedback for trace links between a set of source and target documents. Both techniques are evaluated using requirements from theWorldVista Healthcare system, traced against certification requirements for the Commission for Healthcare Information Technology. Results show that the TQT technique returns significant improvements in the quality of generated trace links.
Reservoir Compaction and Seafloor Subsidence at Valhall (1998)

Abstract The combination of in situ effective stress and reservoir chalk mechanical weakness in the Valhall field has resulted in compaction and associated subsidence at the mudline. This paper summarizes recent finite element modeling of this phenomenon, emphasizing items of concern in a numerical simulation of this nature. The paper also presents new results from a simulation allowing inelastic overburden response. P. 377
5‐Aryl‐pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridazines: Potent Inhibitors of Glycogen Synthase Kinase‐3 (GSK‐3). (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Evolve tailoring platform: supporting the evolution of component-based groupware (1999)

Groupware systems are designed to support the cooperation of people within and between enterprises. The development of groupware using component-based programming techniques has received a lot of attention recently. The commonly expected benefits are reduced development time, lower costs and higher product quality. Aiming at an additional benefit, the work presented in this paper makes use of the concept of software components after development in order to provide tailorability of already-deployed groupware systems. We describe the architecture of the Evolve platform, which permits one to maintain and manipulate nested component structures of distributed groupware systems at run-time. Apart from run-time tailorability, the architecture meets other groupware-specific (or relevant) requirements, namely support for synchronous and asynchronous cooperative tailoring, tailoring at different levels of complexity, and the flexible control of the scope of tailoring activities (i.e. the set of users affected by these activities). Evolve itself is application-independent and works with any set of software components complying with the FlexiBeans component model, which is an adaptation of the JavaBeans model. We demonstrate the object-oriented design behind Evolve with a simple example and give an overview of related and future work.
Germanium operation on the GSDIII/LED and ultra high current ion implanters (2002)

Germanium is typically used in ultra-shallow junction formation as an amorphization implant to reduce channeling in subsequent low energy boron dopant implants. Several equipment and process considerations can be associated with germanium operation. For example, source life may be adversely affected due to the cycling of refractory metal fluorides from materials used in the arc chamber, and cross-contamination, especially implanted As, may occur on machines that run multiple species. Tool productivity also depends on beam current and beam setup time due to the relatively high doses and low energies required. A number of design and operational improvements have been implemented on the GSDIII/LED and Ultra to address these concerns. Hardware and tuning algorithms for germanium operation are described. Data showing improved source lifetime and low species cross-contamination are presented Strategies for achieving productivity, flexibility, and cycle time improvements, including mixed species operation and germanium-boron chaining, are discussed.
Peripheral computing during presentations (2011)

Despite the common use of mobile computing devices to communicate and access information, the effects of peripheral computing tasks on people's attention is not well understood. Studies that have identified consequences of multitasking in diverse domains have largely focused on influences on productivity. We have yet to understand perceptions and preferences regarding the use of computing devices for potentially extraneous tasks in settings such as presentations at seminars and colloquia. We explore costs and attitudes about the use of computing devices by people attending presentations. We find that audience members who use devices believe that they are missing content being presented and are concerned about social costs. Other attendees report being less offended by multitasking around them than the device users may realize.
Facilitated stent delivery using applied topical lubrication (2006)

Topical lubrication is a simple and effective aid for stent delivery in complex lesions. Rotaglide appears safe and biocompatible with drug-eluting stents.
Scale Dependence of Omniphobic Mesh Surfaces (2009)

We provide a simple design chart framework to predict the apparent contact angle on a textured surface in terms of the equilibrium contact angle on a chemically identical smooth surface and details of the surface topography. For low surface tension liquids such as methanol (γlv = 22.7 mN/m) and octane (γlv = 21.6 mN/m), a solid−liquid−air composite interface on a textured surface is inherently metastable. Thus, on application of a sufficient pressure difference (e.g., an externally applied pressure or a sufficiently large Laplace pressure at small droplet size) the metastable composite interface transitions to a fully wetted interface. A dimensionless robustness factor is used to quantify the breakthrough pressure difference necessary to disrupt a metastable composite interface and to predict a priori the existence of a robust composite interface. The impact of the length scale (radius of the cylindrical features R varying from 18 to 114 μm) and the feature spacing ratio (D* = (R + D)/R varying from 2.2 to 5.1, where 2D is the spacing between the cylindrical features) on the robustness is illustrated by performing contact angle measurements on a set of dip-coated wire-mesh surfaces, which provide systematically quantifiable cylindrical texture. The design chart for a given feature size R shows how the two independent design parameters—surface chemistry as revealed in the equilibrium contact angle and texture spacing embodied in the dimensionless spacing ratio (D*)—can be used to develop surfaces with desirably large values of the apparent contact angle and robustness of the metastable composite interface. Most revealing is the scaling of the robustness with the dimensionless parameter lcap/R (where lcap=(γlv/ρg)1/2 is the capillary length), which indicates clearly why, in the consideration of self-similar surfaces, smaller is better for producing omniphobic surfaces that resist wetting by liquids with low surface tension.
An analysis of TCP reset behaviour on the internet (2005)

This paper presents a one-year study of Internet packet traffic from a large campus network, showing that 15-25% of TCP connections have at least one TCP RST (reset). Similar results have also been observed from measurements of other Internet links. The results in this paper show that reset connections arise from local events such as network outages, attacks, or reconfigurations, as well as from global trends in TCP usage. In particular, we identify application-level Web behaviour as the primary contributor to the global trend in reset TCP connections. The most prevalent anomaly is the absence of the normal connection termination handshake. Instead, connections are often reset by the client. We believe that particular implementations of HTTP/TCP connection management cause this global trend.
Abortive Headache Therapy With Intramuscular Dihydroergotamine (1992)

During a six month period, intramuscular dihydroergotamine mesylate (1 mg.) was given to 43 patients (75 headache episodes) who presented to the office after oral medications failed to abort their headaches. Headaches were successfully aborted in 71%, with most responses occurring between 30-minutes and 4-hours after injection. Side effects were common (61%) but not serious; sedation developed in 25%, nausea in 24%, transient worsening of headaches in 15%, body aches in 11%, diarrhea in 5%, and in 13%, headaches that were successfully aborted relapsed within 24 hours. Intramuscular dihydroergotamine, although under-used, is cost effective, practical, and well suited for busy medical offices. Its appropriate use can reduce the need for narcotic analgesics and emergency room visits.
Standardization of RNA Chemical Mapping Experiments (2014)

Chemical mapping experiments offer powerful information about RNA structure but currently involve ad hoc assumptions in data processing. We show that simple dilutions, referencing standards (GAGUA hairpins), and HiTRACE/MAPseeker analysis allow rigorous overmodification correction, background subtraction, and normalization for electrophoretic data and a ligation bias correction needed for accurate deep sequencing data. Comparisons across six noncoding RNAs stringently test the proposed standardization of dimethyl sulfate (DMS), 2'-OH acylation (SHAPE), and carbodiimide measurements. Identification of new signatures for extrahelical bulges and DMS "hot spot" pockets (including tRNA A58, methylated in vivo) illustrates the utility and necessity of standardization for quantitative RNA mapping.
Multimetabolite Control of a Biosynthetic Pathway by Sequential Metabolites (1966)

Abstract Synergistic control by two sequential metabolites of a biosynthetic pathway has been found to occur at an early stage of the biogenesis of methionine and S-adenosylmethionine in Escherichia coli. The enzyme is synergistically inhibited in a manner which indicates interaction at dual sites with the same enzyme, O-succinylhomoserine synthetase. Methionine and S-adenosylmethionine exert appreciable inhibitory effects alone only at high concentrations relative to the low concentrations required for inhibition by a combination of these metabolites.
Lubrication of Porous Journal Bearings (1972)

An analytical solution for the performance characteristics of finite porous journal bearings is obtained. Results are presented which relate the eccentricity ratio and coefficient of friction as functions of load number for design variables of 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, and 0.1. The load capacity obtained by using the finite bearing theory is compared to the load capacity obtained by using the short-bearing approximation and the infinite-bearing approximation.
Recognition of dexterous manipulations from time-varying images (2002)

This paper presents a method for recognizing dexterous manipulation actions that we usually perform using our hands. Our method is based on model representation using spatio-temporal vector fields and a spotting algorithm that gives segmentation-free and frame-by-frame recognition. We propose a multiview motion model that is composed of several standard sequence patterns made from different viewpoints. Results indicate that our method recognizes dexterous manipulations correctly, even if the viewing direction of the input images deviates from those of standard sequence patterns.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Dual paraboloid reflector and polarization recycling systems for projection displays (2003)

Micro display devices such as LCOS and DLP(tm) have capitalized on advancement of microelectronics fabrication technologies. Device miniaturization has created a need for high brightness light sources having low numerical apertures. Light sources based on the traditional non-imaging principles such as an ellipsoidal reflector require lamps emitting nearly a point-like source, which prompted reduction of arc sizes and increase in fill pressure in arc lamps. These requirements shorten the life and increase the cost of the lamp. In this paper, we present a novel illumination system that is based on a one-to-one imaging principle. The approach incorporates a so-called Dual Paraboloid Reflector (DPR) system in which two halves of paraboloid reflectors and a hemispherical retro-reflector are used to collect almost all the light emitted from an arc lamp. When combined with a tapered light pipe (TLP), a DPR based illumination system produces a light output having a required area, shape, numerical aperture, and a high and uniform flux density. Contrary to methods based on non-imaging principles DPR illuminators do not require those short lived short arc lamps to satisfy the needs of the projection industry. ASAP simulations of the system and experimental results are presented. The advantages of this system when applied to polarization recovery, polarization recycling, and color recycling will be discussed.
Transcutaneous measurement of glomerular filtration rate in small rodents: Through the skin for the win? (2014)

Rodent models of renal physiology and pathology are crucial to our understanding of the molecular, histological and functional sequelae that contribute to kidney diseases. One of the most important measures of renal function is glomerular filtration rate (GFR). While the accurate determination of GFR is pivotal to understanding the progression of disease and/or the benefits of treatment strategies, in rodents the conventional methods for assessment of GFR are inconvenient and cumbersome, not the least because they involve stress and often anaesthesia. The legitimacy of assay-based assessment of plasma and urine markers of GFR in mice has also been heavily scrutinized for their insensitivity to minor declines in GFR and inaccurate detection of renal biomarkers. While infusion-based clearance methods of GFR assessment are thus the gold standard in terms of accuracy, they are limited by the fact that they are primarily non-recovery procedures. This presents a dilemma when trying to document the progression of renal disease, as these measures cannot be taken in the same experimental subject. Here we review a technique of transcutaneous measurement of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labelled sinistrin to calculate GFR in small rodents, using a non-invasive clearance device (NIC-Kidney Device). This is a recently validated non-invasive technique for measuring GFR in small rodents that allows for the real-time measurement of GFR in conscious animals, without the need for plasma and urine assays.