gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Learning Natural Language Inference with LSTM (2015)

Natural language inference (NLI) is a fundamentally important task in natural language processing that has many applications. The recently released Stanford Natural Language Inference (SNLI) corpus has made it possible to develop and evaluate learning-centered methods such as deep neural networks for natural language inference (NLI). In this paper, we propose a special long short-term memory (LSTM) architecture for NLI. Our model builds on top of a recently proposed neural attention model for NLI but is based on a significantly different idea. Instead of deriving sentence embeddings for the premise and the hypothesis to be used for classification, our solution uses a match-LSTM to perform word-by-word matching of the hypothesis with the premise. This LSTM is able to place more emphasis on important word-level matching results. In particular, we observe that this LSTM remembers important mismatches that are critical for predicting the contradiction or the neutral relationship label. On the SNLI corpus, our model achieves an accuracy of 86.1%, outperforming the state of the art.
Intrapericardial treatment of inflammatory and neoplastic pericarditis guided by pericardioscopy and epicardial biopsy-results from a pilot study (1999)

From a registry of 136 patients undergoing pericardiocentesis, 14 patients with autoimmune and 15 patients with neoplastic effusions were selected. All underwent pericardioscopy, epicardial and pericardial biopsy with histologic, immunohistologic, and polymerase chain reaction/or in situ hybridization analysis for microbial DNAs and RNA. Pericardioscopy identified neoplastic effusions by the high occurrence of protrusions. Fibrin threads and layers and neovascularization were found in both groups. For identification of the inflammatory and neoplastic process, the combined analysis of the cytology of the effusion and epicardial biopsy evaluation proved to be most important. Epicardial biopsy demonstrated a slightly higher sensitivity for identifying neoplastic disorders in the pericardium than cytology alone. Pericardial biopsy was inconclusive. Intrapericardial administration of 1 g of crystalloid triamcinolone in autoreactive pericarditis prevented recurrence in 13 of the 14 cases after 3 months and in 12 of the 14 cases after 1 year. In neoplastic effusion, intrapericardial administration of 50 mg cis-platin for 24 h prevented recurrence of a hemodynamically relevant effusion after 3 months in all, and after 6-12 months in 14 of 15 patients. Mortality in neoplastic effusion due to noncardiac tumor progression was 47 and 80%, respectively, after 3 and 6 months, as can be expected in endstage neoplastic disease. This pilot study demonstrates that local drug application is feasible, life-saving, and well tolerated by the patients. It opens perspectives for local drug application in other cardiac disorders as well.
Quantitative ultrasonic characterization of the nature of atherosclerotic plaques in human aorta. (1987)

To determine the feasibility of quantitative ultrasonic techniques to define the composition of atherosclerotic plaques, samples of freshly excised human aortas were sewn to a sample holder and immersed in a saline bath for ultrasonic interrogation. Integrated backscatter of a 2-microsecond portion of the backscattered radiofrequency signal was measured with a 10 MHz focused transducer. Integrated backscatter was calculated by normalizing the root-mean-square voltage of the gated signal to the root-mean-square voltage obtained by replacing the tissue sample with a nearly perfect reflector. Microscopic examination of the 124 interrogated sites allowed differentiation of normal, fibrous, fibrofatty, and calcified regions. A site was considered calcified if it contained any histochemically detectable calcium. Values of integrated backscatter were markedly elevated from calcified regions (-30.0 +/- 6.4 dB, n = 25; mean +/- SD; p less than 0.001) compared to normal (-43.2 +/- 2.4 dB, n = 20) and fibrofatty (-43.9 +/- 3.4 dB, n = 43) sites. Values from fibrous regions (-40.7 +/- 3.8 dB, n = 36) were also significantly different compared with the calcified and fibrofatty regions (p less than 0.001). Thus, we have demonstrated that quantitative ultrasonic backscatter identifies and differentiates calcification and fibrosis in atherosclerotic sites offering promise for the noninvasive assessment of the pathologic status of the arterial wall.
Structure-function relationships in the collagenase family member transin. (1988)

We have developed a system for studying the proteinase activity of a collagenase family member, transin. Cos cells transfected with a vector designed to direct synthesis of a secretable fusion protein between staphylococcal protein A and transin secrete a latent proteinase, activable by 4-aminophenylmercuric acetate, which binds to IgG-Sepharose. Treatment with 4-aminophenylmercuric acetate leads to cleavage of the fusion protein and elution of the active proteinase transin. Based on results obtained with this system we propose that transin comprises an N-terminal proteinase domain and an independent C-terminal hemopexin-like domain. The latter domain is not required for binding of inhibitors or for maintenance of transin in its inactive form. The sequence PRCGVPDV is present in the proenzyme forms of collagenase family proteinases just upstream from the N termini of the active enzymes. We show that mutations within this sequence lead to transin variants with a much increased tendency to undergo spontaneous activation. Finally, we show that mutations within a region of transin having sequence similarity to the zinc-binding site of bacterial metalloproteinases inactivate the proteinase activity of transin, lending support to the notion that this region represents part of transin's active site.
Specific association of<i>IL17A</i>genetic variants with panuveitis (2015)

Our results clearly evidenced the role of IL17A as a novel genetic risk factor for panuveitis, thus suggesting the implication of Th17 cells in the extensive inflammation of the uveal tract that occurs in this subtype of uveitis.
A Novel Mitochondrial Signaling Pathway Activated by Visible-to-near Infrared Radiation¶ (2004)

Abstract The number of cells attached to glass substratum increases if HeLa cell suspension is irradiated with monochromatic visible-to-near infrared radiation before plating (the action spectrum with maxima at 619, 657, 675, 700, 740, 760, 800, 820, 840 and 860 nm). Treating of cell suspension with sodium azide (2 × 10−5 M), sodium nitroprusside (5 × 10−5 M), ouabain (1 × 10−6 M) or amiloride (1.7 × 10−5 M) before irradiation significantly modifies the spectrum of cell attachment enhancement. A light-induced mitochondrial signaling pathway can be regulated by small ligands directly binding to the catalytic center of cytochrome c oxidase (N3, NO) as well as by chemicals specifically binding to plasma membrane enzymes (ouabain, amiloride). The comparative analysis of action spectra allows the conclusions that first, CuA and CuB chromophores of cytochrome c oxidase could be involved as photoacceptors and second, various signaling pathways (reaction channels) between cytochrome c oxidase and cell attachment regulation are at work.
Proteolytic maturation of protein C upon engineering the mouse mammary gland to express furin. (1995)

Endoproteolytic processing of the human protein C (HPC) precursor to its mature form involves cleavage of the propeptide after amino acids Lys-2-Arg-1 and removal of a Lys156-Arg157 dipeptide connecting the light and heavy chains. This processing was inefficient in the mammary gland of transgenic mice and pigs. We hypothesized that the protein processing capacity of specific animal organs may be improved by the coexpression of selected processing enzymes. We tested this by targeting expression of the human proprotein processing enzyme, named paired basic amino acid cleaving enzyme (PACE)/furin, or an enzymatically inactive mutant, PACEM, to the mouse mammary gland. In contrast to mice expressing HPC alone, or to HPC/PACEM bigenic mice, coexpression of PACE with HPC resulted in efficient conversion of the precursor to mature protein, with cleavage at the appropriate sites. These results suggest the involvement of PACE in the processing of HPC in vivo and represent an example of the engineering of animal organs into bioreactors with enhanced protein processing capacity.
Implementing persistent objects in the Apertos operating system (2003)

The paper presents a way of providing users with a persistent object running under the Apertos operating system. The authors present an implementation of persistent objects by using object migration between metaspaces in the reflective object architecture. An Apertos object is stored into stable storage by migrating to a storage metaspace that is an abstraction of object storage. They also present the current status of the implementation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Loss of heterozygosity at 3p in non-small cell lung cancer and its prognostic implication. (1996)

We examined 110 patients with non-small cell lung cancer who underwent consecutive pulmonary resection for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at the short arm of chromosome 3 (3p). We performed a PCR-based microsatellite polymorphism analysis for detection of LOH. The microsatellite markers used were D3S966 (3p21.3), D3S1007 (3p21. 3-22), and D3S1228 (3p14.1-14.3). Of 98 informative cases, 3p LOH was found in 45 (46%). 3p LOH was more prevalent in squamous cell carcinoma (24/35, 69%) than in adenocarcinoma (18/52, 35%; P = 0.0019). There was no significant association between 3p LOH and sex, disease stage, or grade of differentiation. However, patients with 3p LOH tended to survive for a shorter period of time (P = 0.0631, log rank test). There was no such tendency in squamous cell carcinoma (P = 0.7513), but in adenocarcinoma, the difference of survival was significant (P = 0.0015). Cox's proportional hazards model also predicted that 3p LOH was an independent poor prognostic marker in adenocarcinoma (P = 0.0502) but not in squamous cell carcinoma or in the entire cohort (P = 0.7866 and 0.1371, respectively). LOH at 3p may help to identify non-small cell lung cancer patients with a poor prognosis, who thus need an intensive postoperative follow-up protocol or who are suitable for novel investigational therapeutic approaches. It is also suggested that the putative tumor suppressor gene at 3p may have a different role in squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the lung.
Watermarking security: theory and practice (2005)

This paper proposes a theory of watermarking security based on a cryptanalysis point of view. The main idea is that information about the secret key leaks from the observations, for instance, watermarked pieces of content, available to the opponent. Tools from information theory (Shannon's mutual information and Fisher's information matrix) can measure this leakage of information. The security level is then defined as the number of observations the attacker needs to successfully estimate the secret key. This theory is applied to two common watermarking methods: the substitutive scheme and the spread spectrum-based techniques. Their security levels are calculated against three kinds of attack. The experimental work illustrates how Blind Source Separation (especially Independent Component Analysis) algorithms help the opponent exploiting this information leakage to disclose the secret carriers in the spread spectrum case. Simulations assess the security levels derived in the theoretical part of the paper.
Video transcoding technology for wireless communication systems (2002)

In this paper, the quality-effective video transcoding technology between MPEG-4 Visual and H.261 or H.263 is proposed. Using the proposed technology, the quality of transcoded picture is kept higher than conventional technology (simply decoded and encoded) because of the use of intermediate data extracted from the input stream. The simulation results show more than 2 dB better picture quality at the maximum than conventional methods.
A Laboratory Study With Field Data of Downhole Gas Separators (2007)

Summary Downhole gas separators are often the most inefficient part of a sucker-rod pump system. This paper presents laboratory data on the performance of five different gas-separator designs. Only continuous flow was studied. Field data are presented on two of the designs. The field data indicate that success or failure of the gas separator is dependent upon the fluids and wellbore pressures as well as the mechanical design of the gas separator. Successful and unsuccessful examples of gas-separator performance in the field are shown along with field fluid data properties.
Caryl Phillips. the Atlantic Sound (2002)

(New York, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2000), ISBN 0-375-40110-5.Beginning in the 16(th) century, the African slave trade deposited Africans in numerous locales on the Eastern coast of the so-called New World. After the end of slavery and colonialism, they became a part of the nations that had once enslaved them, viewing themselves as a part of the African diaspora. Caryl Phillips, the distinguished British novelist of West Indian ancestry, succeeds brilliantly in The Atlantic Sound in introducing us to the indomitable courage and perseverance of Black people everywhere to find a place of sanctuary and peace. Melding three genre -- history, travelogue, and fiction -- Phillips contrasts interesting stories of personalities and places out of the Diaspora past with his own contemporary experiences in the same places.Retracing the triangle of the Atlantic slave trade, Phillips begins in the Caribbean, visiting Martinique, Costa Rica, and Guatemala, while traveling on a German freighter whose captain repeatedly characterizes each country as a f....ing banana republic. Next, he journeys from the Caribbean to Liverpool, England, once the world's largest and richest slave trading port. Here, in the still prosperous Liverpool, John Emmanuel Ocansey, arrived from the Gold Coast in 1881 to investigate why a steam launch his father had commissioned and paid for with the very large sum of 2,678 pounds, had not been delivered. Ocansey soon discovered that the English agent had bilked his father. His unsuccessful attempts to recover his father's money through the British courts, the support provided by his landlady and the minister of the neighboring church, and the strange sights and sounds of nineteenth century Liverpool, Phillips relates with such deft narrative touch that one feels the depression of this young African, abroad in a strange land, so many of his expectations of Christian fairness proved false.Phillips finds modern Liverpool very much like it was in Ocansey's time. Besieged by the unsavory history of the place, a history he relates dispassionately and with easy grace, he flees Liverpool, where history is so physically present, yet so glaringly absent from peoples' consciousness.In Ghana, he meets Mohammed Mansour Nassirudeen, his chauffeur. No ordinary driver, Mohammed has been to England in trying to work and get a degree so he could join the privileged class back home, he ran afoul of British law for violating his student work permit. His desperate attempt to avoid deportation failed, and he is back home, unable to return to Britain, but with strong hopes of one day emigrating to the United States. Phillips also encounters African Americans who have come home to Ghana, but who, though at times ambivalent in their new home, find relief from the racism back home. As Dr. Robert Lee, an expatriate African American dentist explains, You see, back in the states they can call me a nigger all they like, but nobody can insult me anymore. …
Hybrid Programming for Near-Term Quantum Computing Systems (2018)

Recent computations involving quantum processing units (QPUs) have demonstrated a series of challenges inherent to hybrid classical-quantum programming, compilation, execution, and verification and validation. Despite considerable progress, system-level noise, limited low-level instructions sets, remote access models, and an overall lack of portability and classical integration presents near-term programming challenges that must be overcome in order to enable reliable scientific quantum computing and support robust hardware benchmarking. In this work, we draw on our experience in programming QPUs to identify common concerns and challenges, and detail best practices for mitigating these challenges within the current hybrid classical-quantum computing paradigm. Following this discussion, we introduce the XACC quantum compilation and execution framework as a hardware and language independent solution that addresses many of these hybrid programming challenges. XACC supports extensible methodologies for managing a variety of programming, compilation, and execution concerns across the increasingly diverse set of QPUs. We use recent nuclear physics simulations to illustrate how the framework mitigates programming, compilation, and execution challenges and manages the complex workflow present in QPU-enhanced scientific applications. Finally, we codify the resulting hybrid scientific computing workflow in order to identify key areas requiring future improvement.
Assessment of the safety and efficacy of the monoclonal anti-tumor necrosis factor antibody-fragment, MAK 195F, in patients with sepsis and septic shock (1996)

There was no increase in survival from sepsis for the patients receiving anti-TNF treatment in the overall study population. Retrospective stratification of patients by IL-6 concentrations suggests beneficial effects of the drug for patients with baseline circulating IL-6 concentrations of > 1000 pg/mL. This hypothesis requires validation in a larger, blinded, prospective study.
Structure-Based Prediction of Asparagine and Aspartate Degradation Sites in Antibody Variable Regions (2014)

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and proteins containing antibody domains are the most prevalent class of biotherapeutics in diverse indication areas. Today, established techniques such as immunization or phage display allow for an efficient generation of new mAbs. Besides functional properties, the stability of future therapeutic mAbs is a key selection criterion which is essential for the development of a drug candidate into a marketed product. Therapeutic proteins may degrade via asparagine (Asn) deamidation and aspartate (Asp) isomerization, but the factors responsible for such degradation remain poorly understood. We studied the structural properties of a large, uniform dataset of Asn and Asp residues in the variable domains of antibodies. Their structural parameters were correlated with the degradation propensities measured by mass spectrometry. We show that degradation hotspots can be characterized by their conformational flexibility, the size of the C-terminally flanking amino acid residue, and secondary structural parameters. From these results we derive an accurate in silico prediction method for the degradation propensity of both Asn and Asp residues in the complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) of mAbs.
Continuous Separation of DNA Molecules by Size Using Insulator-Based Dielectrophoresis (2016)

Separation of nucleic acids has long served as a central goal of analytical research. Innovations in this field may soon enable the development of rapid, on-site sequencing devices that significantly improve both the availability and accuracy of detailed bioinformatics. However, achieving efficient continuous-flow operation and size-based fractionation of DNA still presents considerable challenges. Current methods have not yet satisfied the need for rapid fractionation of size-heterogeneous nucleic acid samples into specific and narrow size distributions. Dielectrophoretic (DEP) mechanisms integrated in microfluidic devices offer unique advantages for such applications, including short processing times, microscale reaction volumes, and the potential for low cost and portability. To facilitate such developments, we have adapted a microfluidic constriction sorter device to separate a wide range of nucleic acid analytes into distinct microchannel outlets. This work demonstrates selective and tunable deflection of DNA using alternating current (AC) insulator-based dielectrophoresis. We report conditions for size-based DEP sorting of 1.0, 10.2, 19.5, and 48.5 kbp dsDNA analytes, including both plasmid and genomic DNA. Applied potentials range from 200 to 2400 V<sub>pp</sub> with frequencies ranging from 50 Hz to 20 kHz. These conditions result in sorting efficiencies up to 92% with a strong dependence on applied potentials and frequencies. In low-frequency AC fields, long DNA molecules form macro-ion clusters. This behavior is associated with an apparent shift from positive to negative DEP sorting behavior. Using a finite element model, we characterize the dynamics of sorting in the microdevice and link differential sorting to differences in dielectrophoretic mobility. We propose the use of a continuous-flow sorting strategy to facilitate future coupling to next generation sequencing approaches.
Technical and clinical results of an experimental flat dynamic (digital) x-ray image detector (FDXD) system with real-time corrections (1998)

A clinical imaging system based upon an amorphous-Silicon (a- Si) flat dynamic (digital) X-ray image detector (FDXD) has been developed. The objectives of this experimental set-up were to determine the physical image quality and to establish the clinical feasibility of a flat-panel x-ray detector for radiography and fluoroscopy (R&F) applications. The FDXD acquires dynamic X-ray images at high frame rates in both continuous and pulsed fluoroscopic modes, lower frame rate exposures and single shots. The system has been installed in a clinical research room at The General Infirmary, Leeds (UK) and is being evaluated in a variety of universal R&F contrast medium aided examinations, including barium swallows, meals and enema examinations. In addition, general radiographic examinations have been performed. Both the established benefits and possible drawbacks of this type of system, together with the potential solutions, are discussed in this paper. Approach, design and set-up of the system are presented, and the dose efficiency and image quality achieved in clinical operation are explained. The technical and medical phantom images have been evaluated and analyzed. The results of the clinical examinations in mixed applications are discussed. The results of the measurements and examinations performed to date on this experimental FDXD system confirm the potential of this new type of digital X-ray image detector.
Syntheses of Two Potential Food Mutagens. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Expression of the T-Cell Activation Antigen, OX-40, Identifies Alloreactive T Cells in Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease (1997)

The OX-40 molecule is expressed on the surface of recently activated T lymphocytes. The presence of OX-40 on CD4+ T cells was analyzed in a rat haplo-identical (parental --> F1) bone marrow transplant model of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD). Increased numbers of activated CD4+ T cells that expressed the OX-40 antigen were detected in peripheral blood soon after transplantation before the earliest sign of disease. The peak of OX-40 expression occurred 12 days posttransplantation with a range of 18% to 36% of circulating T cells and remained 10-fold above background, never returning to baseline. A slight increase in OX-40 expression (range, 1% to 6%) was also detected on peripheral blood lymphocytes from control syngeneic F1 --> F1 recipients. OX-40+ T cells were isolated from spleen, skin, lymph node, and liver tissue of rats undergoing aGVHD, but not in syngeneic transplants. OX-40+ T cells isolated from these tissues were of donor origin and were shown to be alloreactive. These data raise the possibility of using the OX-40 antibody to detect and deplete selectively the T cells that cause aGVHD.