gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fast motion vector and bitrate re-estimation for arbitrary downsizing video transcoding (2003)

In video transcoding technique, many fast methods have been proposed to estimate the motion vectors required for downsizing a pre-coded video by an integer factor. In this paper we examine and compare several fast video transcoding methods for downsizing a pre-coded video by an arbitrary factor. Methods which out-perform others are identified and discussed. We also propose a new method to model the relation between bitrate and frame size under low bitrate condition. With this new model, we can re-estimate the bitrate according to a required frame size or select a suitable frame size for a given target bitrate, while maintaining good video quality. Experimental results are presented to show the performance of the proposed fast motion vector and bitrate re-estimation methods.
Plasma concentration of Gc-globulin is associated with organ dysfunction and sepsis after injury (2003)

Admission plasma concentration of Gc-globulin is lower in patients who develop organ dysfunction and sepsis after traumatic injury. These data, combined with the work of others, support the hypothesis that actin release and depletion of the extracellular actin scavenger system proteins are associated with, and may contribute in part to, the complications of sepsis and organ dysfunction, particularly respiratory failure and thrombocytopenia.
Toward Macroscale, Isotropic Carbons with Graphene‐Sheet‐Like Electrical and Mechanical Properties (2014)

Realization of macroscale three‐dimensional isotropic carbons that retain the exceptional electrical and mechanical properties of graphene sheets remains a challenge. Here, a method for fabricating graphene‐derived carbons (GDCs) with isotropic properties approaching those of individual graphene sheets is reported. This synthesis scheme relies on direct cross‐linking of graphene sheets via the functional groups in graphene oxide to maximize electronic transport and mechanical reinforcement between sheets and the partial restacking of the sheets to increase the material density to about 1 g cm ‐3 . These GDCs exhibit properties 3–6 orders of magnitude higher than previously reported 3D graphene assemblies.
Nonlinear Follow-the-Leader Models of Traffic Flow (1961)

A variety of nonlinear follow-the-leader models of traffic flow are discussed in the light of available observational and experimental data. Emphasis is placed on steady-state flow equations. Some trends regarding the advantages of certain follow-the-leader functionals over others are established. However, it is found from extensive correlation studies that more data are needed before one can establish the unequivocal superiority of one particular model. A discussion is given of some ideas concerning the possible reasons for the existence of a bimodal flow versus concentration curve especially for multilane highways.
An O-glycoside of sialic acid derivative that inhibits both hemagglutinin and sialidase activities of influenza viruses (2002)

The compound Neu5Ac3alphaF-DSPE (4), in which the C-3 position was modified with an axial fluorine atom, inhibited the catalytic hydrolysis of influenza virus sialidase and the binding activity of hemagglutinin. The inhibitory activities to sialidases were independent of virus isolates examined. With the positive results obtained for inhibition of hemagglutination and hemolysis induced by A/Aichi/2/68 virus, the inhibitory effect of Neu5Ac3alphaF-DSPE (4) against MDCK cells was examined, and it was found that 4 inhibits the viral infection with IC50 value of 5.6 microM based on the cytopathic effects. The experimental results indicate that compound 4 not only inhibits the attachment of virus to the cell surface receptor but also disturbs the release of the progeny viruses from infected cells by inhibiting both hemagglutinin and sialidase of the influenza viruses. The study suggested that the compound is a new class of bifunctional drug candidates for the future chemotherapy of influenza.
On the direct epoxidation of glycals: application of a reiterative strategy for the synthesis of .beta.-linked oligosaccharides (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOn the direct epoxidation of glycals: application of a reiterative strategy for the synthesis of .beta.-linked oligosaccharidesRandall L. Halcomb and Samuel J. DanishefskyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 17, 6661–6666Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00199a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00199a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4133Altmetric-Citations423LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> and Plant Molecular Genetics (1985)

Arabidopsis thaliana is a small flowering plant with various properties that make it an excellent organism for experiments in molecular genetics. These properties include having a small nuclear genome, a near absence of dispersed repetitive DNA, and a generation time of 4 to 5 weeks. In addition, mutations that affect hormone synthesis and response, many different enzyme activities, and numerous developmental processes have been identified and characterized.
Enhanced expression of urokinase receptor induced through the tissue factor-factor VIIa pathway in human pancreatic cancer. (1998)

Overexpression of tissue factor (TF) is characteristically observed in advanced pancreatic cancer and has been associated with invasion and metastasis. Functional responses of TF activation are here investigated using as a model system the human pancreatic cancer cell lines SW979 (which overexpresses TF) and MIAPaCa2 (which does not express detectable levels). After stimulation of these cell lines with factor VIIa (FVIIa), the only known TF ligand, expression of urokinase receptor (uPAR) gene was up-regulated in SW979 cells in a dose-dependent manner but not in MIAPaCa2 cells. Interestingly, urokinase (uPA) and its specific inhibitor PAI-1 were not up-regulated. Exposure to functionally inactivated FVIIa did not show any effect on uPAR expression on SW979 cells despite binding to TF with higher efficiency. The neutralizing anti-TF antibody 5G9 blocked the FVIIa-induced up-regulation of uPAR completely, whereas hirudin failed to block this up-regulation. Treatment of SW979 cells with Factor Xa did not up-regulate the expression of uPAR gene, whereas treatment with FVII induced the same level of enhanced uPAR gene expression as that with FVIIa. In the matrigel invasion assay, enhanced invasion of SW979 cell line induced by FVIIa was completely inhibited by anti-TF antibody and alpha2-antiplasmin. Moreover, the endogenous levels of uPAR gene expression were significantly correlated with the level of TF gene expression in 19 human cancer cell lines (P < 0.05). These data suggest that up-regulation of uPAR expression by tumor cells leading to tumor invasion is induced through the TF-FVIIa pathway rather than TF-initiated thrombin generation. This is the first report that TF may be one of the key receptors that can up-regulate expression of the plasminogen activator receptor in human cancer cells to enhance tumor invasion and metastasis.
Human milk provides peptides highly stimulating the growth of bifidobacteria (2002)

The large intestine of breast‐fed infants is colonized predominantly by bifidobacteria, which have a protective effect against acute diarrhea. In this study we report for the first time the identification of human milk peptides that selectively stimulate the growth of bifidobacteria. Several bifidogenic peptides were purified chromatographically from pepsin‐treated human milk and identified as proteolytically generated fragments from the secretory component of the soluble polyimmunoglobulin receptor and lactoferrin; both of these proteins exhibit antimicrobial effects. Hydrolysis of the identified peptides with the gastrointestinal proteases pepsin, trypsin and chymotrypsin did not lead to the loss of bifidogenic activity, indicating their potential function in vivo . Sequential comparison revealed a similar structural motif within the identified peptides. A correspondingly designed small peptide (prebiotic lactoferrin‐derived peptide‐I, PRELP‐I) was found to stimulate the growth of bifidobacteria as effectively as the native peptides. The combination of antimicrobial and bifidobacterial growth stimulatory activity in human milk proteins leads to highly specific compounds capable of regulating the microbial composition of infants' large intestine.
1-Methylnicotinamide: a potent anti-inflammatory agent of vitamin origin. (2004)

It has been found that 1-methylnicotinamide (MNA+), a metabolite of nicotinamide, possesses significant anti-inflammatory properties. MNA+ is chemically stable, non-toxic and well tolerated. MNA+ can be used to treat wide variety of diseases and disorders and the use of this compound provides certain advantages over the use of nicotinamide.
Searching for Disease Modifiers—PKC Activation and HDAC Inhibition—A Dual Drug Approach to Alzheimer's Disease that Decreases Aβ Production while Blocking Oxidative Stress (2009)

A series of benzolactam compounds were synthesized, some of which caused a concentration-dependent increase in sAPPalpha and decrease in Abeta production in the concentration range of 0.1-10 microM. Moreover, some compounds showed neuroprotective effects in the 10-20 microM range in the HCA cortical neuron model of oxidative stress and no toxicity in measurements of neuron viability by MTT assay, even at the highest concentrations tested (20 microM). Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a well-studied neurodegenerative process characterized by the presence of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. In this study, a series of protein kinase C (PKC) activators were investigated, some of which also exhibit histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitory activity, under the hypothesis that such compounds might provide a new path forward in the discovery of drugs for the treatment of AD. The PKC-activating properties of these drugs were expected to enhance the alpha-secretase pathway in the processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP), while their HDAC inhibition was anticipated to confer neuroprotective activity. We found that benzolactams 9 and 11-14 caused a concentration-dependent increase in sAPPalpha and decrease in beta-amyloid (Abeta) production in the concentration range of 0.1-10 microM, consistent with a shift of APP metabolism toward the alpha-secretase-processing pathway. Moreover, compounds 9-14 showed neuroprotective effects in the 10-20 microM range in the homocysteate (HCA) cortical neuron model of oxidative stress. In parallel, we found that the most neuroprotective compounds caused increased levels of histone acetylation (H4), thus indicating their likely ability to inhibit HDAC activity. As the majority of the compounds studied also show nanomolar binding affinities for PKC, we conclude that it is possible to design, de novo, agents that combine both PKC-activating properties along with HDAC inhibitory properties. Such agents would be capable of modulating amyloid processing while showing neuroprotection. These findings may offer a new approach to therapies that exhibit disease-modifying effects, as opposed to symptomatic relief, in the treatment of AD.
Novel Broadband Planar Balun Using Multiple Coupled Lines (2006)

This study presents a novel broadband planar balun using multiple coupled lines, which are realized easily in thick-multi-layer structures, to improve broadband characteristics compared with the conventional planar Marchand balun. Additionally, an extra shunt capacitor is added to compensate the output amplitude and phase imbalances due to inductive grounding-vias. This balun is fabricated by LTCC (low temperature co-fired ceramic) technology and miniaturized successfully to 3.2 mm times 2.5 mm times 1 mm for UWB applications (3.1-8.0 GHz). Finally, the measured results agree well with the electromagnetic (EM) simulated responses
Peer Reviewed: Affinity NMR. (1999)

Because binding ligands are directly detected and identified, the diffusion-based NMR method and NOE pumping approach promise to greatly simplify deconvolution in drug screening. An additional advantage of these techniques is that low-affinity ligands, which might be missed by high-throughput screening, can be detected and could serve as synthetic precursors for higher affinity ligands. The biggest challenge to NMR methodology lies in its sensitivity. Compared with other techniques, such as MS (25), NMR methods for screening mixtures are limited by their relative insensitivity. Because of issues such as solubility, stability, and mass limitation, it is not in general judicious to simply increase the concentration of the mixture. Improvements in hardware and software are necessary to extend the applicability of the affinity NMR method to the screening of larger and more complex mixtures. A boost in sensitivity and screening capacity of NMR technique is possible by the implementation of microcoil (26) and flow probe techniques. An upsurge in the capabilities of mixture analysis could be achieved with a combination of independent and complementary techniques (e.g., HPLC, MS) (27). As a unique, nondestructive, and versatile tool, NMR will continue on its fast track of development in the support of drug discovery.
Modified nucleosides : in biochemistry, biotechnology and medicine (2008)

BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS Investigations on Fluorine-labeled Ribonucleic Acids by 19F-NMR Spectroscopy 8-Oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine, a major DNA oxidation product Modified DNA Bases: Probing Base Pair Recognition by Polymerases 2'-Deoxyribose Modified Nucleoside Triphosphates and their Recognition by DNA Polymerases Pyrimidine Dimers: UV-induced DNA Damage Locked Nucleic Acids: Properties, Applications and Perspectives Studies on the synthesis and properties of oligonucleotides incorporating modified nucleobases capable for the formation of Watson and Crick type base pairs The Properties of 4'-Thionucleosides S-Adenosyl-L-methionine and related compounds BIOTECHNOLOGY 5-Subsituted nucleosides in biochemistry and biotechnology Universal base analogues and their applications to biotechnology MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY The Properties of Locked Methanocarba Nucleosides in Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Medicinal Chemistry Synthesis, chemical properties and biological activities of cyclic bis(3'-5')diguanylic acid (c-di-GMP) and its analogues Siderophore Biosynthesis Inhibitors Synthesis and Biological Activity of Selected Carbocyclic Nucleosides 4'-C-Ethynyl-2'-deoxynucleosides Modified nucleosides as Selective Modulators of Adenosine Receptors for Therapeutic Use The Design of Forodesine HCl and Other Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Inhibitors Formycin and Analogues: Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Inhibitors and their Potential Application in Immunosuppression and cancer 1-(3-C-Ethynyl-beta-D-ribo-pentofuranosyl)cytosine (ECyd) Syntheses and Biological Activity of Neplanocin and Analogues Clitocine and Its Analogs ANTITUMORALS AND ANTIVIRALS Capecitabine Preclinical Studies: From Discovery to Translational Research Tenofovir and Adefovir as Antiviral Agents Clofarabine: Design to Approval
Endochondral bone tissue engineering using embryonic stem cells (2008)

Embryonic stem cells can provide an unlimited supply of pluripotent cells for tissue engineering applications. Bone tissue engineering by directly differentiating ES cells (ESCs) into osteoblasts has been unsuccessful so far. Therefore, we investigated an alternative approach, based on the process of endochondral ossification. A cartilage matrix was formed in vitro by mouse ESCs seeded on a scaffold. When these cartilage tissue-engineered constructs (CTECs) were implanted s.c., the cartilage matured, became hypertrophic, calcified, and was ultimately replaced by bone tissue in the course of 21 days. Bone aligning hypertrophic cartilage was observed frequently. Using various chondrogenic differentiation periods in vitro, we demonstrated that a cartilage matrix is required for bone formation by ESCs. Chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and articular chondrocytes showed that a cartilage matrix alone was not sufficient to drive endochondral bone formation. Moreover, when CTECs were implanted orthotopically into critical-size cranial defects in rats, efficient bone formation was observed. We report previously undescribed ESC-based bone tissue engineering under controlled reproducible conditions. Furthermore, our data indicate that ESCs can also be used as a model system to study endochondral bone formation.
Supercapacitor based energy storage system for effective fault ride through of wind generation system (2010)

This paper investigates the potential of supercapacitor based energy storage system for enhancing fault ride through capability of wind driven induction generator. A dynamic model of wind generation system including Static Compensator (STATCOM) is developed. The power control capability of the STATCOM is extended by incorporating supercapacitor based energy storage system. A vector control technique based on the decoupling of real and reactive power is implemented. Simulation results show that fixed speed induction generator achieves significant grid fault withstand capability when aided by supercapacitor based energy storage system. Induction generator regains prefault status immediately after the fault is cleared.
Seamless and low-cost redundancy for substation automation systems (high availability seamless redundancy, HSR) (2011)

Numerous Industrial Ethernets are standardized in IEC 61158–IEC 61784. Few provide network redundancy and none provides a redundancy method that is independent of the upper layer protocols. To provide protocol-independent redundancy in (substation) automation networks, IEC SC65C working group 15 produced the IEC 62439 standard series that defines redundancy methods in switched Ethernet networks applicable to a variety of industrial networks, with different solutions depending on the real-time behaviour and on the level of redundancy desired. This paper describes IEC 62439–3 Clause 5 (HSR), a redundancy method applicable to hard real time systems, based on full duplication of the transmitted information and flooding of the network, with recognition and removal of duplicates in each node. This method is applied to a ring, but can be extended to more complex topologies, in particular rings of rings. Its first application is in substation automation based on the IEC 61850 standard which references HSR for applications where redundancy is required.
Parameterization and atomistic simulations of biomimetic membranes (2018)

Biomimetic membranes, designed by combining proteins or protein-mimics with self-assembled block copolymers, are emerging as novel hybrid materials with applications in the next generation of sensing and separation devices. However, designing such membranes requires a fundamental understanding of the atomic-scale interactions between biological channel proteins and their non-native polymeric membrane environment as it affects their stability and function. In principle, all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are well-suited to probe the atomistic details of channel/membrane interactions, but the absence of interatomic potentials is a major limiting factor in conducting such simulations. To alleviate this, we have developed CHARMM force-field compatible parameters and conducted all-atom explicit-solvent MD simulations of biomimetic membranes composed of block copolymers of poly(butadiene), poly(isoprene), and poly(ethylene oxide). Consistent with scaling laws and literature data, we report measurements on several structural properties that inform on molecular-scale features of chain conformations. Finally, we report simulations of a synthetic transport channel in selected membranes and characterize its functional behavior by measuring the single-channel water permeability. We suggest that the interatomic potentials and membrane models reported here could be useful in studies of other proteins as well as for deriving potentials for coarse-grained models to permit future simulations of large-scale protein/polymer membranes.
Rho GTPases and their effector proteins (2000)

Rho GTPases are molecular switches that regulate many essential cellular processes, including actin dynamics, gene transcription, cell-cycle progression and cell adhesion. About 30 potential effector proteins have been identified that interact with members of the Rho family, but it is still unclear which of these are responsible for the diverse biological effects of Rho GTPases. This review will discuss how Rho GTPases physically interact with, and regulate the activity of, multiple effector proteins and how specific effector proteins contribute to cellular responses. To date most progress has been made in the cytoskeleton field, and several biochemical links have now been established between GTPases and the assembly of filamentous actin. The main focus of this review will be Rho, Rac and Cdc42, the three best characterized mammalian Rho GTPases, though the genetic analysis of Rho GTPases in lower eukaryotes is making increasingly important contributions to this field.
New scan modes accessed with a hybrid mass spectrometer (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew scan modes accessed with a hybrid mass spectrometerJohn N. Louris, Larry G. Wright, R. Graham. Cooks, and Alan E. SchoenCite this: Anal. Chem. 1985, 57, 14, 2918–2924Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00291a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00291a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views448Altmetric-Citations79LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts