gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
NONINVASIVE BLOOD PRESSURE MEASUREMENT METHODS (2006)

This paper review the historical background of noninvasive blood pressure measurement methods with their accuracies achieved and explains the requirements for common national and international standards of accuracy. Also are shortly described the development of blood pressure measurement system and a method, named electronic palpation method (EP), suitable for the long-term measurement of heart rate and blood pressure using a cuff on the upper arm and a pressure sensor array on the radial artery.
The Molecular Architecture of Focal Adhesions (1995)

This article outlines the present knowledge of the architecture, molecular composition, and dynamics of focal contacts of adhesive animal cells. These structures, developed at the plasma membrane at sites where cells touch their substratum, are essential for cellular attachment in tissue formation during embryogenesis and wound healing. In tissue culture, they are particularly prominent and thus amenable to detailed investigation. Focal contacts consist of a cytoplasmic face, comprising cytoskeletal elements, a transmembrane connecting region, and a extracellular face composed of proteins of the extracellular matrix. The molecular anatomy of the numerous proteins involved, the basis for classifying them as structural or regulatory components, and their in vitro interactions are described. Based on this information, current models on the dynamics of their assembly and of possible regulatory mechanisms involving a variety of signal transduction pathways are discussed.
Effects of Phase Transformations on Fatigue Endurance of a Superelastic NiTi Alloy (2007)

Abstract It is well known that NiTi shape memory alloys exhibit superelasticity where a large elastic deformation proceeds under a constant stress due to the formation of stress-induced martensite. However, for most commercial NiTi alloys used in medical devices, the materials are processed in such a way that the R-phase transformation is apparently separated from the martensitic transformation. The B2 to R-phase change exhibits a much smaller shape change and a narrower hysteresis than does the B2 to B19′ martensite transformation. Hence, the transformation temperatures as well as the thermomechanical properties associated with the R-phase are much more stable during cyclic deformation when compared to those associated with the B19′martensite. The crystallographic features for both martensitic and R-phase transformations are reviewed, and their effects on the tensile properties and rotating-beam fatigue endurance are studied in the present paper.
Cough receptor sensitivity and bronchial responsiveness in normal and asthmatic subjects (1992)

We examined whether airway cough receptor sensitivity correlates to nonspecific bronchial responsiveness. We measured cough threshold, the lowest concentration of inhaled tartaric acid eliciting five or more coughs, and the provocative concentration of methacholine producing a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in one second (PC20FEV1) in 38 normal and 11 asthmatic subjects. All subjects were nonsmokers. The geometric mean value of PC20FEV1 was 25.7 mg.ml-1 (GSEM1.29) and 0.63 mg.ml-1 (GSEM1.29) and the geometric mean value of the cough threshold was 115 mg.ml-1 (GSEM1.20) and 95.5 mg.ml-1 (GSEM1.35) in normal and asthmatic subjects, respectively. The PC20FEV1 was significantly (p less than 0.01) lower in asthmatics than in normals but the cough threshold did not differ between them. No significant correlation was observed between the cough threshold and the PC20FEV1 in normal subjects or in asthmatics. These results indicate that cough sensitivity does not directly correlate to bronchial responsiveness in normal and asthmatic subjects.
Intranasal dexmedetomidine in combination with patient‐controlled sedation during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: a randomised trial (2014)

Intranasal dexmedetomidine with PCS propofol and alfentanil confers deeper perioperative clinical sedation with significantly less use of additional sedatives during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.
A simplified SARS-CoV-2 detection protocol for research laboratories (2020)

Widespread testing is required to limit the current public health crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Multiple tests protocols have been authorized by the food and drugs administration (FDA) under an emergency use authorization (EUA). The majority of these protocols are based on the gold-standard RT-qPCR test pioneered by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). However, there is still a widespread lack of testing in the US and many of the clinical diagnostics protocols require extensive human labor and materials that could face supply shortages and present biosafety concerns. Given the need to develop alternative reagents and approaches to provide nucleic-acid testing in the face of heightened demand and potential shortages, we have developed a simplified SARS-CoV-2 testing protocol adapted for its use in research laboratories with minimal molecular biology equipment and expertise. The protocol utilizes TRIzol to purify the viral RNA from different types of clinical specimens, requires minimal BSL-1 precautions and, given its high sensitivity, can be easily adapted to pooling samples strategies.
Towards high-performance flow-level packet processing on multi-core network processors (2007)

There is a growing interest in designing high-performance network devices to perform packet processing at flow level. Applications such as stateful access control, deep inspection and flow-based load balancing all require efficient flow-level packet processing. In this paper, we present a design of high-performance flow-level packet processing system based on multi-core network processors. Main contribution of this paper includes: a) A high performance flow classification algorithm optimized for network processors; b) An efficient flow state management scheme leveraging memory hierarchy to support large number of concurrent flows; c) Two hardware-optimized order-preserving strategies that preserve internal and external per-flow packet order. Experimental results show that: a) The proposed flow classification algorithm, AggreCuts, outperforms the well-known HiCuts algorithm in terms of classification rate and memory usage; b) The presented SigHash scheme can manage over 10M concurrent flow states on the Intel IXP2850 NP with extremely low collision rate; c) The performance of internal packet order-preserving scheme using SRAM queue-array is about 70% of that of external packet order-preserving scheme realized by ordered-thread execution.
TraDE: Training device selection via multi-objective optimization (2014)

Training planning is a recurring military problem. Since training programs can utilize multiple training devices with varying costs and training capabilities, selecting the types of devices required is a complex trade-off problem. Furthermore, the placement of these devices is critical due to the time and costs involved in travelling to and from the location of a training device. In this paper, we introduce a device bin-packing-and-location-based model, Training Device Estimation (TraDE), to study the computation of heterogeneous device mixes including the location of each device with respect to numerous objectives including various costs and training time. We apply the multi-objective Non-dominating Sorting Genetic Algorithm II to the TraDE model on a population represented by two-dimensional chromosomes. Finally, we also present a new mutation type to handle the nonlinearity inherent in a dual optimization problem which includes scheduling and location optimization. We clearly show that the new mutation operator produces superior results to the standard mutation operator.
The HCN Gene Family: Molecular Basis of the Hyperpolarization‐Activated Pacemaker Channels (1999)

The molecular basis of the hyperpolarization-activated cation channels that underlie the anomalous rectifying current variously termed Ih, Iq, or I(f) is discussed. On the basis of the expression patterns and biophysical properties of the newly cloned HCN ion channels, an initial attempt at defining the identity and subunit composition of channels underlying native Ih is undertaken. By comparing the sequences of HCN channels to other members of the K channel superfamily, we discuss how channel opening may be coupled to membrane hyperpolarization and to direct binding of cyclic nucleotide. Finally, we consider some of the questions in cardiovascular physiology and neurobiology that can be addressed as a result of the demonstration that Ih is encoded by the HCN gene family.
Activation of protein kinase B β and γ isoforms by insulin in vivo and by 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 in vitro: comparison with protein kinase B α (1998)

The regulatory and catalytic properties of the three mammalian isoforms of protein kinase B (PKB) have been compared. All three isoforms (PKBalpha, PKBbeta and PKBgamma) were phosphorylated at similar rates and activated to similar extents by 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK1). Phosphorylation and activation of each enzyme required the presence of PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 or PtdIns(3,4)P2, as well as PDK1. The activation of PKBbeta and PKBgamma by PDK1 was accompanied by the phosphorylation of the residues equivalent to Thr308 in PKBalpha, namely Thr309 (PKBbeta) and Thr305 (PKBgamma). PKBgamma which had been activated by PDK1 possessed a substrate specificity identical with that of PKBalpha and PKBbeta towards a range of peptides. The activation of PKBgamma and its phosphorylation at Thr305 was triggered by insulin-like growth factor-1 in 293 cells. Stimulation of rat adipocytes or rat hepatocytes with insulin induced the activation of PKBalpha and PKBbeta with similar kinetics. After stimulation of adipocytes, the activity of PKBbeta was twice that of PKBalpha, but in hepatocytes PKBalpha activity was four-fold higher than PKBbeta. Insulin induced the activation of PKBalpha in rat skeletal muscle in vivo, with little activation of PKBbeta. Insulin did not induce PKBgamma activity in adipocytes, hepatocytes or skeletal muscle, but PKBgamma was the major isoform activated by insulin in rat L6 myotubes (a skeletal-muscle cell line).
‘The apparent source’ – A multiple misnomer (2005)

It is argued that the generally used term “the apparent source” is a multiple misnomer; in fact, to some extent, each of the these three words can be seen as misnomer in its own right. For a given laser beam, the location of the apparent source depends on the exposure position in the beam: for an exposure in the far field, in many cases, the beam waist can be considered as the apparent source. For exposure in the beam waist, the location of the apparent source is at infinity and the angular subtense of the apparent source is equal to the divergence. Therefore “The” apparent source implies erroneously that for a given beam or product there is “one” apparent source which is independent of the location of exposure. Also, it is actually not really the “source” which is characterised and should be used as parameter “α” in the hazard evaluation, but it is the minimum (most hazardous) image that needs to be determined. Finally, the term “apparent” could be seen as not appropriate, as in many cases it is all but apparent what should be used as parameter “α” for a hazard evaluation or classification – in many cases, a systematic variation of the exposure position in the beam and, for each exposure position, imaging of the radiation with simulation of the different possible accommodation state of the eye (where an accommodation state different to what is assumed by the eye when looking into the source as seeing as “apparent” source might produce the most hazardous image), is necessary to determine the “most hazardous position”.
Retrograde inflammatory signaling from neutrophils to endothelial cells by soluble interleukin-6 receptor alpha. (1997)

Endothelial cells initiate the inflammatory response by recruiting and activating leukocytes. IL-6 is not an agonist for this, but we found soluble IL-6 receptor alpha-subunit (IL-6Ralpha), with their constitutive IL-6 synthesis, stimulated endothelial cells to synthesize E-selectin, intracellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1, IL-6, and IL-8, and to bind neutrophils. Neutrophils express significant amounts of IL-6Ralpha and upon stimulation shed it: this material activates endothelial cells through a newly constituted IL-6 receptor. Retrograde signaling from PMN activated in the extravascular compartment to surrounding endothelial cells will recruit more and a wider variety of leukocytes. The limiting signal is a soluble receptor, not a cytokine.
Isolation and characterization of a membrane protein from rat erythrocytes which inhibits lysis by the membrane attack complex of rat complement (1992)

The membrane attack complex (MAC) of complement in humans is regulated by several membrane-bound proteins; however, no such proteins have so far been described in other species. Here we report the isolation and characterization of a rat erythrocyte membrane glycoprotein of molecular mass 21 kDa which inserts into cell membranes and is a potent inhibitor of the rat MAC. This protein, here called rat inhibitory protein (RIP), was first partially purified by column chromatography from a butanol extract of rat erythrocyte membranes. Monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) were raised against RIP and used for its affinity purification. Affinity-purified RIP was shown to inhibit in a dose-dependent manner the cobra venom factor (CVF)-mediated 'reactive' lysis of guinea pig erythrocytes by rat complement. Conversely, the anti-RIP MAbs 6D1 and TH9 were shown to markedly enhance the CVF-mediated lysis of rat erythrocytes by rat complement. RIP acted late in the assembly of the MAC (at or after the C5b-8 stage) and was releasable from the membranes of rat erythrocytes by phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C. These features, together with its size, deglycosylation pattern and N-terminal amino acid sequence, lead us to conclude that RIP is the rat homologue of the human MAC-inhibitory protein CD59 antigen.
Malware detection method for the industrial control systems (2016)

Industrial control system(ICS) is floorboard of control system in industrial production. With the transformation and upgrading of ICS, more IT technologies are used in it. The security problem has been paid more and more attention in recent years. In this paper, we proposed a fuzz test based method to detect the malware in the industrial control systems. In the proposed method, we use the configuration file of industrial control software as the taint source file of taint analysis and the sample file of fuzzing. First, find key data which is most likely to have potential safety hazard in the configuration file through dynamic taint analysis. Then, mutate the data and generate abnormal data file. Last, we do the fuzz test. By using this method, we can detect most of the security hazards.
Manganese superoxide dismutase-plasmid/liposome (MnSOD-PL) intratracheal gene therapy reduction of irradiation-induced inflammatory cytokines does not protect orthotopic Lewis lung carcinomas. (2003)

These results support the anticipated safety of intrapulmonary MnSOD-PL gene therapy in lung cancer patients for protection of normal lung tissue from irradiation while allowing effective irradiation-mediated tumor control.
Surveillance Issues in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2001)

This review article on the surveillance of patients with ulcerative colitis provides an overview of the criteria for evaluating screening and surveillance programs and applies the criteria to the available evidence to determine the effectiveness of the surveillance of patients with ulcerative colitis. We examine the clinical outcomes associated with surveillance, the additional clinical time required to confirm the diagnosis of dysplasia and cancer, compliance with surveillance and follow-up, and the effectiveness of the individual components of a surveillance program, including colonoscopy and pathologist's interpretation. The disability associated with colectomy is considered, as are the cost and acceptability of surveillance programs. Patients with long-standing ulcerative colitis are at risk for developing colorectal cancer. Recommended surveillance colonoscopy should be supported. New endoscopic and histopathologic techniques to improve the identification of high-risk patients may enhance the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of surveillance practices.
Active psoriasis and profound CD4<sup>+</sup> lymphocytopenia (1997)

We report the case of a patient with a long-standing history of widespread chronic plaque psoriasis, who was recently found to have a profound CD4+ lymphocytopenia. He is human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) negative. His psoriasis remains active and widespread, and he has had 60 cutaneous malignancies, including many squamous cell carcinomas, excised over the last 10 years. In the past he has had numerous cutaneous viral warts. Despite a low peripheral blood CD4+ T-cell count, similar numbers of activated T cells, identified by double labelling for CD4 and HLA-DR antigens, were found in the epidermis of our patient as other individuals with psoriasis. Thus, there appear to be sufficient activated CD4+ T cells in our patient's psoriatic plaques to maintain the psoriatic process.
Isolation of a thermostable enzyme variant by cloning and selection in a thermophile. (1986)

We developed a method for rapidly generating thermostable enzyme variants. Our strategy is to introduce the gene coding for a given enzyme from a mesophilic organism into a thermophile, Bacillus stearothermophilus. Variants that retain the enzymatic activity at the higher growth temperatures of the thermophile are then selected. This strategy was applied to kanamycin nucleotidyltransferase, which confers resistance to the antibiotic kanamycin. B. stearothermophilus carrying the wild-type enzyme is resistant to the antibiotic at 47 degrees C but not at 55 degrees C and above. Variants that were kanamycin resistant at 63 degrees C were obtained by selection of spontaneous mutants, by passage of a shuttle plasmid through the Escherichia coli mutD5 mutator strain and introduction into B. stearothermophilus by transformation, and by growing the thermophile in a chemostat. The kanamycin nucleotidyltransferases purified from these variants were all more resistant to irreversible thermal inactivation than is the wild-type enzyme, and all have the same single amino acid replacement, aspartate to tyrosine at position 80. Mutants that are even more heat stable were derived from the first variant by selecting for kanamycin resistance at 70 degrees C, and these carry the additional change of threonine to lysine at position 130. This strategy is applicable to other enzymatic activities that are selectable in thermophiles or that can be screened for by plate assays.
Discovery of a highly potent glucocorticoid for asthma treatment (2015)

Glucocorticoids are the most effective treatment for asthma. However, their clinical applications are limited by low efficacy in severe asthma and by undesired side effects associated with high dose or prolonged use. The most successful approach to overcome these limitations has been the development of highly potent glucocorticoids that can be delivered to the lungs by inhalation to achieve local efficacy with minimal systemic effects. On the basis of our previous structural studies, we designed and developed a highly potent glucocorticoid, VSGC12, which showed an improved anti-inflammation activity in both cell-based reporter assays and cytokine inhibition experiments, as well as in a gene expression profiling of mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells. In a mouse asthma model, VSGC12 delivered a higher efficacy than fluticasone furoate, a leading clinical compound, in many categories including histology and the number of differentiated immune cells. VSGC12 also showed a higher potency than fluticasone furoate in repressing most asthma symptoms. Finally, VSGC12 showed a better side effect profile than fluticasone furoate at their respective effective doses, including better insulin response and less bone loss in an animal model. The excellent therapeutic and side effect properties of VSGC12 provide a promising perspective for developing this potent glucocorticoid as a new effective drug for asthma.
[Detection of circulating hypermethylated tumor-specific RASSF1A DNA in ovarian cancer patients]. (2005)

There is a higher frequency of RASSF1A hypermethylation in circulating tumor-specific DNA of ovarian cancer patients. RASSF1A has been postulated to play an important role as tumor suppressor gene and can be silenced by promoter hypermethylation. This methylation correlates with clinical stage and histopathologic grade. Such observation may carry diagnostic and prognostic implications when assessing ovarian tumors.
Use of Graphic Organizers in a Language Teachers’ Professional Development (2012)

Starting from 2009 academic year, the instructional coaches in a school district in a northwest American city began to provide Workshop II (pseudonym) to elementary school English teachers. This study aims to discuss the use of graphic organizers in English teachers’ professional development. Different types of graphic organizers such as conceptual development charts, Venn diagrams, or T-charts, were used by the instructional coaches in Workshop II to help English teachers understand the academic language and lesson planning process. Moreover, English teachers were expected to implement these graphic organizers into their classroom practice and help their English learners understand academic language and content knowledge. The provision of graphic organizers helped the participating teachers learn and process the knowledge and concepts taught in Workshop II. Two participating teachers applied T-chart and bubble maps, two graphic organizers introduced in Workshop II, into their classroom practice. Suggestions on effectively use graphic organizers for both classroom practice and professional developments will be provided.