gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fibrinogen induces adhesion, spreading, and microfilament organization of human endothelial cells in vitro. (1987)

Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (ECs) have been shown to attach to a substratum of fibrinogen (fg). Later, ECs undergo spreading, organization of thick microfilament bundles of the stress fiber type, and formation of focal contacts (adhesion plaques) that correspond to accumulation of vinculin at the cytoplasmic aspect of the ventral membrane. The rate of attachment to fg and the type of spreading is virtually identical to that obtained on substrata coated with fibronectin (FN). Antibodies to fg, but not to FN, prevent EC adhesion to fg; conversely, antibodies to FN, but not to fg, prevent adhesion of ECs to a FN-coated substratum. The removal of residual FN contamination from fg preparations by means of DEAE-cellulose chromatography does not result in any difference in EC adhesion on fg. Moreover, pretreatment of cells with inhibitors of synthesis and release of proteins does not impair their adhesion capacity on an fg-coated substratum. In contrast, human arterial smooth muscle cells do not adhere and spread on fg substrata but do so on FN. The synthetic peptides (Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp[GRGD] and Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser-Pro[GRGDSP]) containing the tripeptide Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD), originally found to be responsible for the cell binding activity of FN, have been found to inhibit EC spreading and the redistribution of their cytoskeleton, including the formation of stress fibers and the localization of vinculin either on fg or on FN. Conversely, the synthetic peptide Arg-Gly-Gly (RGG) was completely uneffective in inhibiting the adhesion and the sequence of events leading to spreading and cytoskeletal organization. These results indicate that ECs, but not smooth muscle cells, specifically adhere and spread on an fg substratum and this occurs by recognition mechanisms similar to those reported for FN.
Diffuse Optical Tomography for Mapping Human Brain Function (2006)

We present diffuse optical tomography of brain activity in the human visual cortex. A new, high-density imaging instrument improves spatial sampling and allows better discrimination of the cortical hemodynamic response and background signal
Reading Operation and Cell Scalability of Nonvolatile Schottky barrier Multibit Charge-Trapping Memory Cells (2012)

Using unique ambipolar conduction, a Schottky barrier multibit cell can be programmed using source-side electron injection and can be erased reversely using drain-side hole compensation. This paper numerically discusses the particular reading operation and cell scalability of the Schottky barrier multibit cell resulting from the presence of Schottky source/drain barriers. Forward and reverse reading schemes were examined to determine the multibit-cell state. Critical cell factors, such as channel length, Schottky barrier height, and electrode voltage, were examined to select appropriate structural parameters and operational conditions. Because of the unique Schottky source/drain barriers, the scaled Schottky barrier cell exhibits excellent short-channel immunity and retains the nature of cell reading, source-side programming, and drain-side erasing in a nanoscale regime. Preserving a compact stack-gate architecture and a thorough CMOS process, the Schottky barrier multibit cell serves as a promising candidate for use in nonvolatile embedded and commodity memory devices.
Multibody dynamic simulation of knee contact mechanics (2004)

Multibody dynamic musculoskeletal models capable of predicting muscle forces and joint contact pressures simultaneously would be valuable for studying clinical issues related to knee joint degeneration and restoration. Current three-dimensional multibody knee models are either quasi-static with deformable contact or dynamic with rigid contact. This study proposes a computationally efficient methodology for combining multibody dynamic simulation methods with a deformable contact knee model. The methodology requires preparation of the articular surface geometry, development of efficient methods to calculate distances between contact surfaces, implementation of an efficient contact solver that accounts for the unique characteristics of human joints, and specification of an application programming interface for integration with any multibody dynamic simulation environment. The current implementation accommodates natural or artificial tibiofemoral joint models, small or large strain contact models, and linear or nonlinear material models. Applications are presented for static analysis (via dynamic simulation) of a natural knee model created from MRI and CT data and dynamic simulation of an artificial knee model produced from manufacturer's CAD data. Small and large strain natural knee static analyses required 1 min of CPU time and predicted similar contact conditions except for peak pressure, which was higher for the large strain model. Linear and nonlinear artificial knee dynamic simulations required 10 min of CPU time and predicted similar contact force and torque but different contact pressures, which were lower for the nonlinear model due to increased contact area. This methodology provides an important step toward the realization of dynamic musculoskeletal models that can predict in vivo knee joint motion and loading simultaneously.
Social Costs Of Gambling: A Comparative Study Of Nutmeg And Cheese State Gamblers (2012)

An analysis of the social costs of problem gambling finds similar results from two surveys of gamblers in treatment in Wisconsin (N=98) and Connecticut (N=112). Cost factors examined include lost work time and unemployment, bad debts, thefts, civil court costs, criminal justice system costs, and welfare costs. The problem gambler in Wisconsin imposes an annual cost of $8,681 on other persons, while Connecticut costs amount to $15,994. The variations between the two groups surveyed are found, for the most part, in costs of thefts. The differences can be explained by the fact that legalized gambling has been established longer in Connecticut.
Towards Distributed and Dynamic Network Management (1998)

In this paper we describe a distributed and dynamic architecture for network management of a heterogeneous distributed system which we have implemented in order to perform network management of our local distributed system. The architecture is highly generic in nature and can be extended to a large heterogeneous network. The architecture is distributed in nature as it provides for multiple managers acting simultaneously. It is rendered dynamic by the utilization of mobile agents for the implementation of network management functionalities. The network managers in our architecture utilize client-server technology and/or mobile agent technology as and when required depending on the functionality implemented and their location. In this context we have implemented a Mobile Network Manager (MNM) which is a location independent network manager. Mobile agents are furnished by MAGENTA (Mobile AGENT environment for distributed Applications) which we have implemented for this purpose.
A flexible, low-cost, high performance SiGe:C BiCMOS process with a one-mask HBT module (2003)

We demonstrate an extremely simple, flexible, and hence low-cost SiGe:C BiCMOS process with ample performance for the majority of high volume applications. This technology offers three HBT devices with f/sub T//BV/sub CEO/ values of 28 GHz/67 GHz/7.5 V; 52 GHz/98 GHz/3.8 V; and 75 GHz/ 90 GHz/2.4 V by adding only one mask to the underlying CMOS process.
A Social Identity Approach to Identify Familiar Strangers in a Social Network (2009)

We present a novel problem of searching for ‘familiar strangers’ in a social network. Familiar strangers are individuals who are not directly connected but exhibit some similarity. The power-law nature of social networks determines that majority of individuals are directly connected with a small number of fellow individuals, and similar individuals can be largely unknown to each other. Moreover, the individuals of a social network have only a local view of the network, which makes the problem of aggregating these familiar strangers a challenge. In this work, we formulate the problem, show why it is significant to address the challenge, and present an approach that innovatively employs the social identities of the individuals with competitive approaches. A blogger and citation network are used to showcase technical details and empirical results with related issues and future work.
Effect of Platelet Inhibition with Cangrelor during PCI on Ischemic Events (2013)

Cangrelor significantly reduced the rate of ischemic events, including stent thrombosis, during PCI, with no significant increase in severe bleeding. (Funded by the Medicines Company; CHAMPION PHOENIX ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01156571.).
REACTIVITY STUDIES OF MALEIMIDE EPOXY RESIN WITH LONG CHAINED AMINES (2011)

After phenylmaleimido group was successfully incorporated into bisphenol-A type epoxy resins (B-13 ) to result in compound possessing both oxirane ring and maleimide reactive groups. The cured maleimide epoxy samples are obtained by thermally curing of the maleimide epoxy (MIE) compounds with aliphatic long chained amines such as Tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA), Bishexamethylenetriamine (BHMT), 2-methyl pentamethylenediamine (2-MPMDA) and 2,2,4-trimethy diamines (2,2,4-TMDA) exhibited excellent thermal stability and good chemical (acid/alkali/solvent) and water absorption resistance. Morphological studies by the SEM technique further confirmed the phase homogeneity net work of the cured systems.
The Problem of Simplifying Truth Functions (1952)

(1952). The Problem of Simplifying Truth Functions. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 59, No. 8, pp. 521-531.
Pubertal androgen therapy in boys. (2005)

Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) are necessary for normal male sexual differentiation and development and pubertal development. Androgen therapy is appropriate for boys with delayed development (constitutional delay of growth and puberty, CDGP) as well as those with primary or secondary hypogonadism. The principal goal is to restore the serum testosterone (T) level to the normal range at each stage of adolescent development and then to the normal adult range if the hypogonadism is permanent. In addition the levels of dihydrotestosterone and estradiol should also be within the normal range. One should be able to do that with a wide variety of androgen preparations-injectable, implantable, and cutaneous patches or gels. However, during the transition from prepubertal to adult it is difficult to reliably deliver the relatively small doses of T necessary for adolescent development using any of the cutaneous preparations. Androgen therapy should permit normal linear growth (including the adolescent growth spurt), adolescent sexual development, and the attainment of normal body composition including lean body mass, bone and the appropriate regional distribution of body fat as well as the psychological development appropriate for the stage of adolescent development.
Reference Values for Kaolin-Activated Thromboelastography in Healthy Children (2007)

TEG results, from a particular clinical setting, must be compared to age-specific, as well as analyzer- and activator-specific, reference values to allow for correct interpretation of the results. Reference values provided here will be of use in acute clinical situations where a practical monitor of hemostasis is required.
Socio-spatial Self-organizing Maps (2018)

Social media offers a unique window into attitudes like racism and homophobia, exposure to which are important, hard to measure and understudied social determinants of health. However, individual geo-located observations from social media are noisy and geographically inconsistent. Existing areas by which exposures are measured, like Zip codes, average over irrelevant administratively-defined boundaries. Hence, in order to enable studies of online social environmental measures like attitudes on social media and their possible relationship to health outcomes, first there is a need for a method to define the collective, underlying degree of social media attitudes by region. To address this, we create the Socio-spatial-Self organizing map, "SS-SOM" pipeline to best identify regions by their latent social attitude from Twitter posts. SS-SOMs use neural embedding for text-classification, and augment traditional SOMs to generate a controlled number of non-overlapping, topologically-constrained and topically-similar clusters. We find that not only are SS-SOMs robust to missing data, the exposure of a cohort of men who are susceptible to multiple racism and homophobia-linked health outcomes, changes by up to 42% using SS-SOM measures as compared to using Zip code-based measures.
Nonequilibrium volume plasma chemical processing (1991)

A review is presented of plasma chemical processes occurring in the volume part of electrical nonequilibrium discharges. The role of energetic electrons as initiators of chemical reactions in a cold background gas is discussed. Different discharge types of (glow, corona, silent, RF, and microwave discharges) are investigated with respect to their suitability for plasma processing. Emphasis is placed on the requirements of initiating and maintaining the discharge and, at the same time, optimizing plasma parameters for the desired chemical process. Using large-scale industrial ozone production as an example, the detailed process of discharge optimization is described. Other applications of volume plasma processing include other plasma chemical syntheses as well as decomposition processes such as flue gas treatment and hazardous waste disposal. The author only deals with plasmas which are not in equilibrium.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Efficiently Verifiable Computation on Encrypted Data (2014)

We study the task of verifiable delegation of computation on encrypted data. We improve previous definitions in order to tolerate adversaries that learn whether or not clients accept the result of a delegated computation. In this strong model, we construct a scheme for arbitrary computations and highly efficient schemes for delegation of various classes of functions, such as linear combinations, high-degree univariate polynomials, and multivariate quadratic polynomials. Notably, the latter class includes many useful statistics. Using our solution, a client can store a large encrypted dataset on a server, query statistics over this data, and receive encrypted results that can be efficiently verified and decrypted.
Farnesyltransferase inhibitors block the neurofibromatosis type I (NF1) malignant phenotype. (1995)

Neurofibromatosis type I (NF1) is a hereditary tumor and developmental disorder whose defective gene was cloned previously. The protein product of the NF1 gene, neurofibromin, contains a domain that shows significant sequence homology to the known catalytic domains of mammalian Ras GTPase-activating proteins (GAP) and the yeast IRA1 and IRA2 proteins. This homologous region of neurofibromin has been shown to exhibit GAP activity toward Ras proteins. Malignant schwannoma cell lines from NF1 patients contain normal levels of GAP and nonmutated Ras proteins but barely detectable levels of neurofibromin, based on genetic mutations in the NF1 gene. Because these cells contain constitutively activated Ras.GTP, it has been proposed that neurofibromin may be the sole negative regulator of Ras in these cells. Overall, these results have implied an important role of the Ras signaling pathway in NF1 malignant schwannomas. Recently, several laboratories have developed small molecule inhibitors of Ras function that inhibit the enzyme farnesyltransferase (FT). FT-mediated post-translational farnesylation of Ras proteins is absolutely necessary for Ras function since this modification is required for the anchoring of Ras proteins to the plasma cell membrane. Although previous studies have shown that FT inhibitors can block the growth of tumor cells carrying mutant Ras proteins, it remained unclear how this class of inhibitors would affect tumor cells such as in NF1, whose malignant growth appears to be mediated by up-regulation of wild-type Ras activity. Thus, in the current study, we investigated whether BMS-186511, a bisubstrate analogue inhibitor of FT, would inhibit the malignant growth properties of a cell line established from malignant schwannoma of an NF1 patient. Our results indicate that the malignant growth properties of ST88-14 cells, the most malignant cell line among several well-characterized NF1 cells, are inhibited by BMS-186511 in a concentration-dependent manner. Following treatment with BMS-186511, ST88-14 cells became flat, nonrefractile, were contact-inhibited, and lost their ability to grow in soft agar. In the drug-exposed cells, Ras proteins were prevented from FT-mediated membrane association. BMS-186511 was found to specifically inhibit FT, but not geranylgeranyltransferase I, a closely related enzyme. Thus, it is conceivable that FT inhibitors may ultimately become the first generation of drugs against the malignant phenotype in NF1 based on rational insights into the mechanism of action of neurofibromin.
Fertility, family planning, and women's health: new data from the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth. (1997)

Following large increases in the 1970's and 1980's, the proportion of teenagers who have ever had sexual intercourse decreased slightly between 1990 and 1995; condom use, both at first intercourse and currently, has increased markedly since the 1970's. These changes may have contributed to the decreases in the teen birth rate observed in the 1990's. For all women 15-44 years of age, the number whose partner was currently using the condom (at the date of interview) increased from 3.6 million in 1982 to 5.1 million in 1988 and 7.9 million in 1995. About 8 percent of women reported that their first intercourse was not voluntary. This result is consistent with an earlier national survey. About 20 percent reported that they had been forced by a man to have intercourse at some time in their lives. About 10 percent of births in 1990-95 were unwanted by the mother compared with 12 percent in 1984-88. The decrease in unwanted births was particularly large for black women. It appears that the prevalence of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and vaginal douching have both decreased since 1988.
High-brightness injectors for RF-driven free-electron lasers (1987)

Free-electron laser (FEL) oscillators require pulse trains of high peak brightness and, in some applications, high average power. Recent developments in the technology of photoemissive and thermionic electron sources in RF cavities for electron linac-injector applications offer promising advances over conventional electron injectors. Reduced emittance growth in high peak current electron injectors may he achieved by using high field strengths and by linearizing the radial component of the cavity electric field at the expense of lower shunt impedance. Harmonically excited cavities have been proposed for enlarging the phase acceptance of linac cavities and thereby reducing the energy spread produced in the acceleration process. Operation of injector linacs at a subharmonic of the main linac frequency is also proposed for enlarging the phase acceptance.
Optimization of memory organization and hierarchy for decreased size and power in video and image processing systems (2002)

Video and image processing applications deal with large amounts of data which have to be stored and transferred. As the initial system specification describing these data manipulations heavily influences the final memory organization and hierarchy, there is a clear need for exploration support. We believe that the emphasis should lie on fast but accurate estimation and on the high-level steering of the involved system transformations. In this paper, a system exploration environment called ATOMIUM, is presented that supports these requirements. To illustrate the effectiveness of our approach, two realistic demonstrators are worked out and design results are described.
Optical gyroscope based on a coupled resonator with the all-optical analogous property of electromagnetically induced transparency (2007)

The electromagnetically induced transparency- (EIT)-like phenomenon, called coupled-resonator-induced transparency (CRIT), could occur through a classical mean in a coupled resonator structure, due to classical destructive interference. We propose to utilize this property to construct a miniature highly sensitive gyroscope. We analyze the Sagnac effect in the CRIT structure and point out that the Sagnac phase shift contributed by the whole structure is notably enhanced due to its highly dispersive property. An explicit expression of the phase shift is derived and discussed. To realize the implementation of the CRIT-structure-based gyroscope, issues that ought to be considered are fully discussed here, such as the fabrication possibility, linewidth, shot-noise-limit sensitivity, and integration.
Structure of the nucleotide exchange factor eIF2B reveals mechanism of memory-enhancing molecule (2018)

Regulation by the integrated stress response (ISR) converges on the phosphorylation of translation initiation factor eIF2 in response to a variety of stresses. Phosphorylation converts eIF2 from a substrate to a competitive inhibitor of its dedicated guanine nucleotide exchange factor, eIF2B, thereby inhibiting translation. ISRIB, a drug-like eIF2B activator, reverses the effects of eIF2 phosphorylation, and in rodents it enhances cognition and corrects cognitive deficits after brain injury. To determine its mechanism of action, we solved an atomic-resolution structure of ISRIB bound in a deep cleft within decameric human eIF2B by cryo-electron microscopy. Formation of fully active, decameric eIF2B holoenzyme depended on the assembly of two identical tetrameric subcomplexes, and ISRIB promoted this step by cross-bridging a central symmetry interface. Thus, regulation of eIF2B assembly emerges as a rheostat for eIF2B activity that tunes translation during the ISR and that can be further modulated by ISRIB.
Droplet-Based Sensing: Optical Microresonator Sensors Embedded in Digital Electrowetting Microfluidics Systems (2013)

Electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWD) microfluidics is an emerging platform for practical applications such as water quality testing and medical diagnostics. Low power consumption, low sample and reagent volumes, small size, and rapid fluid transport are features of electrowetting microfluidic platforms that will enable the development of cost-effective, rapid time-to-result, and portable point-of-care diagnostic devices. Microresonator sensors are an excellent sensor technology for integration into these microfluidic systems, because they perform high sensitivity detection of proteins, DNA, and other biologically relevant molecules while tolerating a droplet oil encapsulation layer. This paper reports on a SU-8 polymer microresonator embedded in the top plate of the EWD system, which enables addressing of the sensor with a single droplet of in volume and enables droplets to be moved onto and off of the sensor. This system is the first to demonstrate actuation of droplets onto and off of an integrated microresonator sensor. Both photolithographically patterned and electron beam lithographically patterned microresonator sensors were tested, and the effect of a conventional filler medium, silicone oil, on the sensor sensitivity was investigated.