gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunogenicity and Efficacy of Streptococcus pneumoniae Polysaccharide-Protein Conjugate Vaccines against Homologous and Heterologous Serotypes in the Chinchilla Otitis Media Model (1996)

Cross-protection among pneumococcal serotypes within serogroups was measured in the chinchilla otitis media (OM) model because several serotypes that cause OM in children are closely related biochemically. Chinchillas were given tetravalent vaccine composed of pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides (PS; types 6B, 14, 19F, 23F) conjugated to an outer membrane protein complex, and 89% to 96% developed a > or = 2-fold serum IgG rise against vaccine PS. Vaccine efficacy was tested by inoculating middle ear hypotympanic bullae with Streptococcus pneumoniae types 6B, 6A, 19F, or 19A. OM severity in the vaccinated groups challenged with types 6B, 6A, and 19F but not 19A was significantly better than in the respective placebo groups. Culture-positive pneumococcal OM occurred in 38%, 62%, 0, and 78% of vaccinated chinchillas challenged with types 6B, 6A, 19F, and 19A, respectively, but in 88% of type 6B- and 100% of type 6A-, 19A-, and 19F-challenged placebo chinchillas.
Pivotal Advance: Tumor-mediated induction of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and M2-polarized macrophages by altering intracellular PGE2 catabolism in myeloid cells (2010)

Recent studies suggest that tumor-infiltrated myeloid cells frequently up-regulate COX-2 expression and have enhanced PGE₂ metabolism. This may affect the maturation and immune function of tumor-infiltrated antigen-presenting cells. In vitro studies demonstrate that tumor-derived factors can skew GM-CSF-driven differentiation of T(h)1-oriented myeloid APCs into M2-oriented Ly6C(+)F4/80(+) MDSCs or Ly6C(-)F4/80(+) arginase-expressing macrophages. These changes enable myeloid cells to produce substantial amounts of IL-10, VEGF, and MIP-2. The tumor-mediated inhibition of APC differentiation was associated with the up-regulated expression of PGE₂-forming enzymes COX-2, mPGES1 in myeloid cells, and the simultaneous repression of PGE(2)-catabolizing enzyme 15-PGDH. The presence of tumor-derived factors also led to a reduced expression of PGT but promoted the up-regulation of MRP4, which works as a PGE₂ efflux receptor. Addition of COX-2 inhibitor to the BM cell cultures could prevent the tumor-induced skewing of myeloid cell differentiation, partially restoring cell phenotype and down-regulating the arginase expression in the myeloid APCs. Our study suggests that tumors impair the intracellular PGE(2) catabolism in myeloid cells through simultaneous stimulation of PGE(2)-forming enzymes and inhibition of PGE₂-degrading systems. This tumor-induced dichotomy drives the development of M2-oriented, arginase-expressing macrophages or the MDSC, which can be seen frequently among tumor-infiltrated myeloid cells.
Electromagnetic properties of periodic multilayers of ultrathin metallic films from dc to ultraviolet frequencies (1999)

Ultrathin metallic films have an interesting electromagnetic behavior as the frequency of the incident field is varied over several orders of magnitude, because of the dramatic dispersion exhibited by the metal permittivity. We study a finite multilayer of periodically placed planar conducting films for frequencies varying from the dc limit to the far ultraviolet. We provide the optimized reflectivity and transmittivity of the system for the various frequency regimes involved. Further, we produce the dispersion diagrams of the corresponding photonic bandgap structures, which clearly show the transition of the system from a metallic (low frequencies) to a dielectric (optical frequencies) behavior. In addition, simple design formulas for maximum reflectivity of finite film number N are presented in terms of film thickness and film spacing in each of the representative frequency ranges.
Highly Efficient, Recyclable Pd(II) Catalysts with Bisimidazole Ligands for the Heck Reaction in Ionic Liquids (2003)

[reaction: see text] New Pd(II) complexes with bisimidazole ligands were prepared and proved to be effective catalysts for the Heck reaction under phosphine-free conditions using ionic liquids as solvents. This system could be recycled five times without any loss of catalytic activity.
Imprint Coating: A Novel Synthesis of Selective Functionalized Ordered Mesoporous Sorbents (1999)

Molecular imprinting of surfaces of mesoporous sorbents is a novel method for introducing template-selective recognition sites. This method makes use of the unique surface environment of hexagonally packed mesopore surfaces of selected pore sizes (see the schematic representation) and coats such surfaces with functional ligands by binding to a metal ion template.
Detection of Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome <i>mec</i> Type XI Carrying Highly Divergent <i>mecA</i> , <i>mecI</i> , <i>mecR1</i> , <i>blaZ</i> , and <i>ccr</i> Genes in Human Clinical Isolates of Clonal Complex 130 Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (2011)

Methicillin resistance in staphylococci is mediated by penicillin binding protein 2a (PBP 2a), encoded by mecA on mobile staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) elements. In this study, two clonal complex 130 (CC130) methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates from patients in Irish hospitals were identified that were phenotypically PBP 2a positive but lacked mecA by conventional PCR and by DNA microarray screening. The isolates were identified as methicillin-susceptible S. aureus using the GeneXpert real-time PCR assay. Whole-genome sequencing of one isolate (M10/0061) revealed a 30-kb SCCmec element encoding a class E mec complex with highly divergent blaZ-mecA-mecR1-mecI, a type 8 cassette chromosome recombinase (ccr) complex consisting of ccrA1-ccrB3, an arsenic resistance operon, and flanking direct repeats (DRs). The SCCmec element was almost identical to that of SCCmec type XI (SCCmec XI) identified by the Sanger Institute in sequence type 425 bovine MRSA strain LGA251 listed on the website of the International Working Group on the Classification of Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome Elements. The open reading frames (ORFs) identified within SCCmec XI of M10/0061 exhibited 21 to 93% amino acid identity to ORFs in GenBank. A third DR was identified ca. 3 kb downstream of SCCmec XI, indicating the presence of a possible SCC remnant. SCCmec XI was also identified in the second CC130 MRSA isolate by PCR and sequencing. The CC130 MRSA isolates may be of animal origin as previously reported CC130 S. aureus strains were predominantly from bovine sources. The highly divergent nature of SCCmec XI relative to other SCCmec elements indicates that it may have originated in another taxon.
Graphene-Diatom Silica Aerogels for Efficient Removal of Mercury Ions from Water (2015)

A simple synthetic approach for the preparation of graphene-diatom silica composites in the form of self-assembled aerogels with three-dimensional networks from natural graphite and diatomite rocks is demonstrated for the first time. Their adsorption performance for the removal of mercury from water was studied as a function of contact time, solution pH, and mercury concentration to optimize the reaction conditions. The adsorption isotherm of mercury fitted well with the Langmuir model, representing a very high adsorption capacity of >500 mg of mercury/g of adsorbent. The prepared aerogels exhibited outstanding adsorption performance for the removal of mercury from water, which is significant for environmental applications.
Proliferation of Human Schwann Cells Induced by Neu Differentiation Factor Isoforms (1998)

Neu differentiation factor (NDF), a 44-kD polypeptide, is a member of the neuregulin family which also includes glial growth factor, heregulin and acetylcholine-receptor-inducing activity. Previous studies have demonstrated that NDF/glial growth factor/heregulin/acetylcholine-receptor-including activity are products of neurons and mediate proliferation, differentiation and gene expression in Schwann cells of experimental animals. In the present study, the efficacy of different isoforms of NDF in stimulating human Schwann cell proliferation is investigated in Schwann-cell-enriched cultures derived from fetal human dorsal root ganglia (15-20 weeks gestation). NDF isoforms examined include alpha1, alpha2, EGF-like domain alpha2 (EGFalpha2), alpha3, beta1, EGFbeta1, EGFbeta, beta2 and beta3. For the assessment of Schwann cell proliferation, double immunostaining using antibodies specific for S-100 protein and bromodeoxyuridine was used. While treatment of Schwann cells with NDF alpha isoforms (alpha1, alpha2, alpha3 and EGFalpha2) had little effect on Schwann cell proliferation, NDF beta isoforms (beta1, beta2, beta3, EGFbeta1 and EGFbeta) induced a greatly enhanced proliferation in Schwann cells. The proliferation index in unstimulated Schwann cells was 1.3 +/- 0.9%, whereas in Schwann cells treated with NDFbeta isoforms the proliferation index was 21.8 +/- 2.2%. The finding that the truncated beta isoforms such as EGFbeta1 and EGFbeta retain a mitogenic activity as potent as full-length beta isoform indicates that the C-terminal portion of the EGF-like domain is responsible for its receptor binding and subsequent biological activity.
Cloning and expression of rat 25-hydroxyvitamin D <sub>3</sub> -1α-hydroxylase cDNA (1997)

A full-length cDNA for the rat kidney mitochondrial cytochrome P450 mixed function oxidase, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1alpha-hydroxylase (P4501alpha), was cloned from a vitamin D-deficient rat kidney cDNA library and subcloned into the mammalian expression vector pcDNA 3.1(+). When P4501alpha cDNA was transfected into COS-7 transformed monkey kidney cells, they expressed 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1alpha-hydroxylase activity. The sequence analysis showed that P4501alpha was of 2,469 bp long and contained an ORF encoding 501 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence showed a 53% similarity and 44% identity to the vitamin D3-25-hydroxylase (CYP27), whereas it has 42.6% similarity and 34% identity with the 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-24-hydroxylase (CYP24). Thus, it composes a new subfamily of the CYP27 family. Further, it is more closely related to the CYP27 than to the CYP24. The expression of P4501alpha mRNA was greatly increased in the kidney of vitamin D-deficient rats. In rats with the enhanced renal production of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (rats fed a low Ca diet), P4501alpha mRNA was greatly increased in the renal proximal convoluted tubules.
Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose in aqueous two‐phase systems. II. Semicontinuous conversion of a model substrate, solka floc BW 200 (1985)

A model substrate, Solka Floc BW 200, was semicontinuously hydrolyzed in an aqueous two-phase system based on crude dextran and polyethylene glycol over a period of more than 450 h. With an initial concentration of 75 g/L and intermittent addition of cellulose an average concentration of 50 g/L sugar was semicontinuously produced at dilution rates of 0.006-0.012 h(-1). The conversion of substrate varied between 49 and 66%. The enzyme consumption measured as FPU/g reducing sugar (RS) produced could be reduced by a factor two when compared to a batch process since, in the aqueous two phase system investigated, the enzyme could be recycled two times.
BGRP: Sink-tree-based aggregation for inter-domain reservations (2000)

Resource reservation must operate in an efficient and scalable fashion, to accommodate the rapid growth of the Internet. In this paper, we describe a distributed architecture for inter-domain aggregated resource reservation for unicast traffic. We also present an associated protocol, called the Border Gateway Reservation Protocol (BGRP), that scales well, in terms of message processing load, state storage and bandwidth. Each stub or transit domain may use its own intra-domain resource reservation protocol. BGRP builds a sink tree for each of the stub domains. Each sink tree aggregates bandwidth reservations from all data sources in the network. Since backbone routers maintain only the sink tree information, the total number of reservations at each router scales linearly with the number of Internet domains N. (Even aggregated versions of the current protocol RSVP have a reservation count that can grow like O(N <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ).) BGRP maintains these aggregated reservations using “soft state.” To further reduce the protocol message traffic, routers may reserve bandwidth beyond the current load, so that some sources can join or leave the tree without sending messages all the way to the tree root. BGRP relies on Differentiated Services for data forwarding, hence the number of packet classifier entries is extremely small.
Simulation of Microseismic Deformation During Hydraulic Fracturing (2013)

Modeled geomechanical deformation associated with hydraulic fracture stimulation of a complex hydraulic fracture provides context for interpretation of microseismic deformation. Partitioning of modeled strains into shear and dilatational components allows relative comparison of the appropriate displacement mode with observed cumulative microseismic moments. A workflow is described where the input parameters of the simulation are varied to match both the footprint and deformation of the microseismicity, which then results in an estimate of the complete fracture network volume and proppant placement. In this way the effective stimulated volume can be assessed and used as input to a reservoir simulation to investigate well performance and reservoir drainage.
Role of Metabolism in the Immunobiology of Regulatory T Cells (2016)

Intracellular metabolism is central to cell activity and function. CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) that express the transcription factor FOXP3 play a pivotal role in the maintenance of immune tolerance to self. Recent studies showed that the metabolism and function of Tregs are influenced significantly by local environmental conditions and the availability of certain metabolites. It also was reported that defined metabolic programs associate with Treg differentiation, expression of FOXP3, and phenotype stabilization. This article reviews how metabolism modulates FOXP3 expression and Treg function, what environmental factors are involved, and how metabolic manipulation could alter Treg frequency and function in physiopathologic conditions.
Atrazine measurements using surface transverse wave devices (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAtrazine measurements using surface transverse wave devicesMay. Tom-Moy, Richard L. Baer, Darlene. Spira-Solomon, and Thomas P. DohertyCite this: Anal. Chem. 1995, 67, 9, 1510–1516Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00105a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00105a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views163Altmetric-Citations59LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
High‐frequency oscillations: What is normal and what is not? (2008)

Summary High‐frequency oscillations (HFOs) in the 80–200 Hz range can be recorded from normal hippocampus and parahippocampal structures of humans and animals. They are believed to reflect inhibitory field potentials, which facilitate information transfer by synchronizing neuronal activity over long distances. HFOs in the range of 250–600 Hz (fast ripples, FRs) are pathologic and are readily recorded from hippocampus and parahippocampal structures of patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy, as well as rodent models of this disorder. These oscillations, and similar HFOs recorded from neocortex of patients, appear to identify brain tissue capable of spontaneous ictogenesis and are believed to reflect the neuronal substrates of epileptogenesis and epileptogenicity. The distinction between normal and pathologic HFOs (pHFOs), however, cannot be made on the basis of frequency alone, as oscillations in the FR frequency range can be recorded from some areas of normal neocortex, whereas oscillations in the ripple frequency range are present in epileptic dentate gyrus where normal ripples never occur and, therefore, appear to be pathologic. The suggestion that FRs may be harmonics of normal ripples is unlikely, because of their spatially distinct generators, and evidence that FRs reflect synchronized firing of abnormally bursting neurons rather than inhibitory field potentials. These synchronous population spikes, however, can fire at ripple frequencies, and their harmonics appear to give rise to FRs. Investigations into the fundamental neuronal processes responsible for pHFOs could provide insights into basic mechanisms of epilepsy. The potential for pHFOs to act as biomarkers for epileptogenesis and epileptogenicity is also discussed.
Essentials of Robust Control (1997)

1. Introduction. 2. Linear Algebra. 3. Linear Systems. 4. H2 and Ha Spaces. 5. Internal Stability. 6. Performance Specifications and Limitations. 7. Balanced Model Reduction. 8. Uncertainty and Robustness. 9. Linear Fractional Transformation. 10. m and m- Synthesis. 11. Controller Parameterization. 12. Algebraic Riccati Equations. 13. H2 Optimal Control. 14. Ha Control. 15. Controller Reduction. 16. Ha Loop Shaping. 17. Gap Metric and ...u- Gap Metric. 18. Miscellaneous Topics. Bibliography. Index.
Mammalian target of rapamycin signaling is crucial for joint destruction in experimental arthritis and is activated in osteoclasts from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (2010)

Signaling through mTOR is an important link between synovitis and structural damage in inflammatory arthritis. Current pharmacologic inhibitors of mTOR could be effective in protecting joints against structural damage.
Journaling versus soft updates: asynchronous meta-data protection in file systems (2000)

The UNIX Fast File System (FFS) is probably the most widely-used file system for performance comparisons. However, such comparisons frequently overlook many of the performance enhancements that have been added over the past decade. In this paper, we explore the two most commonly used approaches for improving the performance of meta-data operations and recovery: journaling and Soft Updates. Journaling systems use an auxiliary log to record meta-data operations and Soft Updates uses ordered writes to ensure meta-data consistency. The commercial sector has moved en masse to journaling file systems, as evidenced by their presence on nearly every server platform available today: Solaris, AIX, Digital UNIX, HP-UX, Irix, and Windows NT. On all but Solaris, the default file system uses journaling. In the meantime, Soft Updates holds the promise of providing stronger reliability guarantees than journaling, with faster recovery and superior performance in certain boundary cases. In this paper, we explore the benefits of Soft Updates and journaling, comparing their behavior on both microbenchmarks and workload-based macrobenchmarks. We find that journaling alone is not sufficient to “solve ” the meta-data update problem. If synchronous semantics are required (i.e., meta-data operations are durable once the system call returns), then the journaling systems cannot realize their full potential. Only when this synchronicity requirement is relaxed can journaling systems approach the performance of systems like Soft Updates (which also relaxes this requirement). Our asynchronous journaling and Soft Updates systems perform comparably in most cases. While Soft Updates excels in some meta-data intensive microbenchmarks, the macrobenchmark results are more ambiguous. In three cases Soft Updates and journaling are comparable. In a file intensive news workload, journaling prevails, and in a small ISP workload, Soft Updates prevails. 2
Robust Hand Motion Tracking through Data Fusion of 5DT Data Glove and Nimble VR Kinect Camera Measurements (2015)

Vision based interfaces for human computer interaction have gained increasing attention over the past decade. This study presents a data fusion approach of the Nimble VR vision based system, using the Kinect camera, with the contact based 5DT Data Glove. Data fusion was achieved through a Kalman filter. The Nimble VR and filter output were compared using measurements performed on (1) a wooden hand model placed in various static postures and orientations; and (2) three differently sized human hands during active finger flexions. Precision and accuracy of joint angle estimates as a function of hand posture and orientation were determined. Moreover, in light of possible self-occlusions of the fingers in the Kinect camera images, data completeness was assessed. Results showed that the integration of the Data Glove through the Kalman filter provided for the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints of the fingers a substantial improvement of 79% in precision, from 2.2 deg to 0.9 deg. Moreover, a moderate improvement of 31% in accuracy (being the mean angular deviation from the true joint angle) was established, from 24 deg to 17 deg. The metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint was relatively unaffected by the Kalman filter. Moreover, the Data Glove increased data completeness, thus providing a substantial advantage over the sole use of the Nimble VR system.
cw laser annealing of hydrogenated amorphous silicon obtained by rf sputtering (1981)

Hydrogenated amorphous silicon obtained by rf sputtering has been annealed using cw lasers (Ar or Kr ion). The annealed films have been microanalyzed for quantitative profiling of hydrogen and argon. TEM analysis was used for structure determination. The release of hydrogen and argon as well as the grain size of the polycrystalline material obtained are related to the deposited laser energy. Comparison with other production methods of such material from the amorphous state is discussed.
Introduction, studying Australian masculinities (1998)

In recent years, questions about men and gender have aroused media interest, academic debate, and political controversy. In the United States two "Men's Movements" have gained large, if temporary, followings-one new-age therapeutic, the other right-wing evangelical. In Australia we have had explicit debates on men's violence and on boys' education, while subtexts about masculinity are not difficult to find in controversies about motor racing, gun control, the environment, and "political correctness." John Howard could not restrain himself from injecting masculinity politics even into the draft preamble to the Australian constitution.
Scheduling to Minimize Interaction Cost (1966)

A model is developed for a scheduling problem in which several activities are competing for a limited number of facilities. It is assumed that any number of activities may be scheduled on any single facility; however there is an interaction cost corresponding to every combination of two activities scheduled on the same facility. This problem is a quadratic program with a rather special structure. An efficient algorithm is developed for determining feasible schedules that are local minima. The nonconvexity of the objective function prevents the identification of a global minimum.