gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Structure-Activity Relationships, and RARγ-Ligand Interactions of Nitrogen Heteroarotinoids. (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionNEXTORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionSynthesis, Structure-Activity Relationships, and RARγ-Ligand Interactions of Nitrogen Heteroarotinoids.Arindam Dhar, Shengquan Liu, Jozef Klucik, K. Darrell Berlin, Matora M. Madler, Shennan Lu, R. Todd Ivey, David Zacheis, Chad W. Brown, E. C. Nelson, Paul J. Birckbichler, and Doris M. BenbrookCite this: J. Med. Chem. 2000, 43, 2, 303Publication Date (Web):December 22, 1999Publication History Published online22 December 1999Published inissue 1 January 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm990593shttps://doi.org/10.1021/jm990593scorrectionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views303Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (9 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Toward an open shared workspace (1991)

Groupware is intended to create a shared workspace that supports dynamic collaboration in a work group over space and time constraints. To gain the collective benefits of groupware use, the groupware must be accepted by a majority of workgroup members as a common tool. Groupware must overcome the hurdle of critical mass .
Cellular and molecular mechanisms of muscle atrophy (2012)

Skeletal muscle is a plastic organ that is maintained by multiple pathways regulating cell and protein turnover. During muscle atrophy, proteolytic systems are activated, and contractile proteins and organelles are removed, resulting in the shrinkage of muscle fibers. Excessive loss of muscle mass is associated with poor prognosis in several diseases, including myopathies and muscular dystrophies, as well as in systemic disorders such as cancer, diabetes, sepsis and heart failure. Muscle loss also occurs during aging. In this paper, we review the key mechanisms that regulate the turnover of contractile proteins and organelles in muscle tissue, and discuss how impairments in these mechanisms can contribute to muscle atrophy. We also discuss how protein synthesis and degradation are coordinately regulated by signaling pathways that are influenced by mechanical stress, physical activity, and the availability of nutrients and growth factors. Understanding how these pathways regulate muscle mass will provide new therapeutic targets for the prevention and treatment of muscle atrophy in metabolic and neuromuscular diseases.
Living with a climate in transition : Pacific communities plan for today and tomorrow (2003)

For more about the East-West Center, see <a href="http://www.eastwestcenter.org/">http://www.eastwestcenter.org/</a>
Frequency and clinical significance of the expression of the multidrug resistance proteins MDR1/P-glycoprotein, MRP1, and LRP in acute myeloid leukemia: a Southwest Oncology Group Study. (1999)

Therapeutic resistance is a major obstacle in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Such resistance has been associated with rapid drug efflux mediated by the multidrug resistance gene 1 (MDR1; encoding P-glycoprotein) and more recently with expression of other novel proteins conferring multidrug resistance such as MRP1 (multidrug resistance-associated protein 1) and LRP (lung resistance protein). To determine the frequency and clinical significance of MDR1, MRP1, and LRP in younger AML patients, we developed multiparameter flow cytometric assays to quantify expression of these proteins in pretreatment leukemic blasts from 352 newly diagnosed AML patients (median age, 44 years) registered to a single clinical trial (SWOG 8600). Protein expression was further correlated with functional efflux by leukemic blasts [assessed using two substrates: Di(OC)(2) and Rhodamine 123] and with the ability of MDR-reversing agents to inhibit efflux in vitro. MDR1/P-glycoprotein expression, which was highly correlated with cyclosporine-inhibited efflux, was noted in only 35% of these younger AML patients, distinctly lower than the frequency of 71% we previously reported in AML in the elderly (Blood 89:3323, 1997). Interestingly, MDR1 expression and functional drug efflux increased with patient age, from a frequency of only 17% in patients less than 35 years old to 39% in patients aged 50 years (P =.010). In contrast, MRP1 was expressed in only 10% of cases and decreased with patient age (P =. 024). LRP was detected in 43% of cases and increased significantly with increasing white blood cell counts (P =.0015). LRP was also marginally associated with favorable cytogenetics (P =.012) and French-American-British (FAB) AML FAB subtypes (P =.013), being particularly frequent in M4/M5 cases. Only MDR1/P-glycoprotein expression and cyclosporine-inhibited efflux were significantly associated with complete remission (CR) rate (P(MDR1) =.012; P(efflux) =.039) and resistant disease (RD; P(MDR1) =.0007; P(efflux) =.0092). No such correlations were observed for MRP1 (P(CR) =.93; P(RD) =.55) or LRP (P(CR) =.50; P(RD) =.53). None of these parameters were associated with overall or relapse-free survival. Unexpectedly, a distinct and nonoverlapping phenotype was detected in 18% of these cases: cyclosporine-resistant efflux not associated with MDR1, MRP1, or LRP expression, implying the existence of other as yet undefined efflux mechanisms in AML. In summary, MDR1 is less frequent in younger AML patients, which may in part explain their better response to therapy. Neither MRP1 nor LRP are significant predictors of outcome in this patient group. Thus, inclusion of MDR1-modulators alone may benefit younger AML patients with MDR1(+) disease.
Ultrasmall Barium Titanate Nanoparticles for Highly Efficient Hypoxic Tumor Therapy via Ultrasound Triggered Piezocatalysis and Water Splitting (2021)

Hypoxia in a solid tumor microenvironment (TME) can lead to the overexpression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), which correlates to tumor metastasis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced tumor cell apoptosis is becoming a promising method in tumor treatment. Currently, the ROS generating systems, e.g., photodynamic treatment and sonodynamic treatment, highly depend on oxygen (O<sub>2</sub>) in the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, the level of O<sub>2</sub> in TME is too low to produce enough ROS. Herein, we developed an ultrasmall DSPE-PEG<sub>2000</sub> coated barium titanate nanoparticle (P-BTO) for tumor treatment based on ultrasound triggered piezocatalysis and water splitting. Interestingly, irradiated by ultrasound, the surface of ultasmall P-BTO nanoparticles produced imbalance charges, which induced a cascade of redox reaction processes to simultaneously generate ROS and O<sub>2</sub>, the latter one was hardly generated in large-sized barium titanate nanoparticles. The as-synthesized P-BTO reached the highest accumulation in the tumor site at 4 h after intravenous injection. The results showed that the produced O<sub>2</sub> significantly alleviated the hypoxia of TME to down-regulate the expression of HIF-1α, and the produced ROS can efficiently kill tumor cells. Moreover, the tumor metastasis was also inhibited, providing a different way to treat triple-negative breast cancer, which was easily metastatic and lacked effective treatments in the clinic.
Macroporous poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) hydrogels with fast response rates and improved protein release properties (2003)

A series of temperature-sensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPA) hydrogels with large pore size and fast response were prepared by carrying out polymerizations in aqueous sodium chloride solutions with different concentrations. In comparison with conventional PNIPA hydrogels, the PNIPA gels thus prepared have remarkably larger swelling ratios below their lower critical solution temperature (LCST), and exhibit much faster response rates as the temperature is raised above their LCST. The improved properties are due to the presence of inorganic salt, NaCl, which leads the phase separation and formation of a heterogeneous porous structure during the polymerizations. The study on the drug release properties shows the macroporous hydrogels exhibit modulated release in response to temperature. The model protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA), can be released completely from the porous hydrogels at the temperature lower than the LCST because the pore size of the hydrogels is larger than the protein molecules. However, the release of BSA from the gels almost stops after a "burst" release in the initial stage at the temperature higher than the LCST because the pores are closed at the high temperature.
A Statistical View of Some Chemometrics Regression Tools (1993)

Chemometrics is a field of chemistry that studies the application of statistical methods to chemical data analysis. In addition to borrowing many techniques from the statistics and engineering literatures, chemometrics itself has given rise to several new data-analytical methods. This article examines two methods commonly used in chemometrics for predictive modeling—partial least squares and principal components regression—from a statistical perspective. The goal is to try to understand their apparent successes and in what situations they can be expected to work well and to compare them with other statistical methods intended for those situations. These methods include ordinary least squares, variable subset selection, and ridge regression.
Ehrlichia type IV secretion effector ECH0825 is translocated to mitochondria and curbs ROS and apoptosis by upregulating host MnSOD (2012)

Ehrlichia chaffeensis infects monocytes/macrophages and causes human monocytic ehrlichiosis. To determine the role of type IV secretion (T4S) system in infection, candidates for T4S effectors were identified by bacterial two-hybrid screening of E. chaffeensis hypothetical proteins with positively charged C-terminus using E. chaffeensis VirD4 as bait. Of three potential T4S effectors, ECH0825 was highly upregulated early during exponential growth in a human monocytic cell line. ECH0825 was translocated from the bacterium into the host-cell cytoplasm and localized to mitochondria. Delivery of anti-ECH0825 into infected host cells significantly reduced bacterial infection. Ectopically expressed ECH0825 also localized to mitochondria and inhibited apoptosis of transfected cells in response to etoposide treatment. In double transformed yeast, ECH0825 localized to mitochondria and inhibited human Bax-induced apoptosis. Mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) was increased over ninefold in E. chaffeensis-infected cells, and the amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in infected cells was significantly lower than that in uninfected cells. Similarly, MnSOD was upregulated and the ROS level was reduced in ECH0825-transfected cells. These data suggest that, by upregulating MnSOD, ECH0825 prevents ROS-induced cellular damage and apoptosis to allow intracellular infection. This is the first example of host ROS levels linked to a bacterial T4S effector.
An Electromagnetic Time-Harmonic Analysis of Shielded Microstrip Circuits (1987)

A Galerkin analysis of microstrip circuits of arbitrary planar geometry enclosed in a rectangular conducting box is described. The technique entails a time-harmonic electromagnetic analysis evaluating all fields and surface currents. This analysis is suitable for the accurate verification of microstrip designs prior to fabrication. A computer program implementing the analysis has been written in Pascal on a personal computer. Agreement with measurements of several microstrip structures suggests a high degree of accuracy.
Optimizing Waterflood Performance by Utilizing Hot Water Injection in a High Paraffin Content Reservoir (2002)

Abstract The application of heated water injection in a conventional oil reservoir under secondary recovery has received sparse review in the literature. In general, such a scheme can be difficult to justify. This is often due to both the additional capitalization and fuel costs offsetting the potential advantages that can be practically achieved for the effects of the differential water temperature to that of the formation. However, under appropriate circumstances, hot water injection can provide a significant advantage for secondary recovery that may warrant further investigation. As a case study, the Senex field of northern Alberta, Canada contains a 37°API crude with high paraffin content in a low permeability shelf carbonate. The oil is essentially saturated with paraffin at the reservoir temperature of 36 C. Paraffin precipitation within the reservoir porosity accounts for declining production rates, which have been commonly treated and temporarily reversed with an extended history of chemical and solvent squeezes. Due to the northern latitude of the field, source water has been injected at ambient temperatures to within several degrees of the freezing point for up to 7 months of the year. The impact of this operation on injector and reservoir performance proved to be of concern after an injection well appraisal revealed an extended loss of injection capacity in the early startup of waterflooding operations. Subsequently, the thermal implications for the viscous forces to the reservoir dynamics in waterflooding were studied in a numerical simulator, which demonstrated this mechanism for recovery impairment. In addition, a qualitative assessment of the further thermal implications for deterioration of reservoir performance from paraffin deposition was established. In order to test and further validate the conclusions of this analysis, a pilot hot water injection scheme was initiated in April, 2001. This paper will describe the aspects of planning, testing and modeling that were completed prior to the field implementation of this project. Preliminary field results are also presented.
From Data to Knowledge:  Chemical Data Management, Data Mining, and Modeling in Polymer Science (2003)

Data need to be transformed into knowledge for the greatest possible benefit to be derived from combinatorial and high-throughput experimentation. This review provides an overview of recent applications of data handling and data mining techniques in polymer science and discusses the development of quantitative structure−property relationships.
Varicella-Zoster Virus ORF4 Latency-Associated Protein Is Important for Establishment of Latency (2005)

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) encodes at least six genes that are expressed during latency. One of the genes, ORF4, encodes an immediate-early protein that is present in the virion tegument. ORF4 RNA and protein have been detected in latently infected human ganglia. We have constructed a VZV mutant deleted for ORF4 and have shown that the gene is essential for replication in vitro. The ORF4 mutant virus could be propagated when grown in cells infected with baculovirus expressing the ORF4 protein under the human cytomegalovirus immediate-early promoter. In contrast, the VZV ORF4 deletion mutant could not be complemented in cells expressing herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) ICP27, the homolog of ORF4. Cells infected with baculovirus expressing ORF4 did not complement an HSV-1 ICP27 deletion mutant. VZV-infected cotton rats have been used as a model for latency; viral DNA and latency-associated transcripts are expressed in dorsal root ganglia 1 month or more after experimental infection. Cotton rats inoculated with VZV lacking ORF4 showed reduced frequency of latency compared to animals infected with the parental or ORF4-rescued virus. Thus, in addition to VZV ORF63, which was previously shown to be critical for efficient establishment of latency, ORF4 is also important for latent infection.
Potato Virus X-Induced Gene Silencing in Leaves and Tubers of Potato (2004)

Virus induced gene silencing (VIGS) is increasingly used to generate transient loss-of-function assays and has potential as a powerful reverse-genetics tool in functional genomic programs as a more rapid alternative to stable transformation. A previously described potato virus X (PVX) VIGS vector has been shown to trigger silencing in the permissive host Nicotiana benthamiana. This paper demonstrates that a PVX-based VIGS vector is also effective in triggering a VIGS response in both diploid and cultivated tetraploid Solanum species. We show that systemic silencing of a phytoene desaturase gene is observed and maintained throughout the foliar tissues of potato plants and was also observed in tubers. Here we report that VIGS can be triggered and sustained on in vitro micropropagated tetraploid potato for several cycles and on in vitro generated microtubers. This approach will facilitate large-scale functional analysis of potato expressed sequence tags and provide a noninvasive reverse-genetic approach to study mechanisms involved in tuber and microtuber development.
Thermal fragmentation of silacyclobutane. Formation of silylene, methylsilylene, and silene (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermal fragmentation of silacyclobutane. Formation of silylene, methylsilylene, and sileneRobert T. Conlin and Russel S. GillCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 3, 618–619Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00341a050https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00341a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views129Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An introduction to speech and speaker recognition (1990)

Five approaches that can be used to control and simplify the speech recognition task are examined. They entail the use of isolated words, speaker-dependent systems, limited vocabulary size, a tightly constrained grammar, and quiet and controlled environmental conditions. The five components of a speech recognition system are described: a speech capture device, a digital signal processing module, preprocessed signal storage, reference speech patterns, and a pattern-matching algorithm. Current speech recognition systems are reviewed and categorized. Speaker recognition approaches and systems are also discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Application of Continuous Flow for DIBAL-H Reduction and <i>n</i>-BuLi Mediated Coupling Reaction in the Synthesis of Eribulin Mesylate (2015)

Here we examined the use of continuous flow conditions for the final assembly of eribulin mesylate aimed to avoid cryogenic condition. The diisobutylaluminum hydride reduction of ester 2 to aldehyde 3 and n-butyllithium-mediated coupling of aldehyde 3 and sulfone fragment 4 to produce sulfone-diol 5 were investigated. Under optimized continuous flow conditions, both reactions could be run at temperatures higher than those used under batch conditions. For the diisobutylaluminum hydride reduction of ester 2 to aldehyde 3, under optimized continuous flow conditions at −50 °C, aldehyde 3 was afforded with better HPLC area ratio than it was under batch conditions at −70 °C. Furthermore, continuous operation for 87 min afforded the same quality of 3 as was produced with a short-time operation (yield, 96.5%). For the n-butyllithium-mediated coupling of 3 and 4, under optimized continuous flow conditions at 10 °C, 5 was afforded with a better conversion rate than it was under batch conditions at −70 °C.
Recent developments in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus infection (1995)

(1995). Recent developments in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs: Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 95-115.
Interaction between the Escherichia coli Regulatory Protein TyrR and DNA: A Fluorescence Footprinting Study (1995)

The Escherichia coli regulatory protein TyrR controls the expression of eight transcription units that encode proteins involved in the biosynthesis and transport of aromatic amino acids. It is a homodimer of 57 600 subunit molecular weight and has a binding site for ATP and weak ATPase activity. In the presence of ATP, TyrR binds tyrosine, which induces self-association of TyrR from a dimer to a hexamer. This report examines the interaction of TyrR with a 42 bp DNA oligonucleotide containing a centrally located binding site for TyrR (TyrR box). Replacement of a thymidine residue with an aminouridine residue at positions 7, 9, 13, 15, 19, 22, and 26 from one end of the 42mer enables labeling with fluorescein and successive placement of the label along the major groove of the DNA. The fluorescence footprinting of the oligonucleotide was followed using steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence methods. Binding of the TyrR dimer caused significant changes in the fluorescent properties of the labels attached to positions 13, 15, and 26, suggesting the involvement of these bases in the binding of the protein. Except for the position 15 conjugate, binding of the TyrR dimer caused little change in fluorescence intensity. Therefore, fluorescence anisotropy was used to follow the binding equilibrium. The fluorescence of the position 15 conjugate increased 1.6-fold on binding TyrR, suggesting that the fluorophore was in close contact with the protein. For all conjugates, the addition of tyrosine at the end of the titration with TyrR increased the anisotropy markedly, suggesting that the hexameric form of TyrR could bind the oligonucleotide. Two rotational correlation times were found for the labeled conjugates: one reflecting the motion of the probe at its point of attachment to the DNA (220-290 ps), the other reflecting the global tumbling of the labeled oligonucleotide (14-21 ns). On binding TyrR, changes in the correlation times and their associated amplitudes and changes in the range of angular motion of the probe depended on the position of the label. Evidence is presented that the binding of the TyrR hexamer, but not the TyrR dimer, affects regions that flank the binding sequence. The results support the hypothesis that the binding of the TyrR hexamer is responsible for interaction between tandem TyrR boxes in the tyrR regulon.