gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Up‐regulation of GLT1 reverses the deficit in cortically evoked striatal ascorbate efflux in the R6/2 mouse model of Huntington’s disease (2012)

A corticostriatal-dependent deficit in the release of ascorbate (AA), an antioxidant vitamin and neuromodulator, occurs concurrently in striatum with dysfunctional GLT1-dependent uptake of glutamate in the R6/2 mouse model of Huntington's disease (HD), an autosomal dominant condition characterized by overt corticostriatal dysfunction. To determine if deficient striatal AA release into extracellular fluid is related to altered GLT1 activity in HD, symptomatic R6/2 mice between 6 and 9 weeks of age and age-matched wild-type (WT) mice received single daily injections of 200 mg/kg ceftriaxone, a β-lactam antibiotic that elevates the functional expression of GLT1, or saline vehicle for five consecutive days. On the following day, in vivo voltammetry was coupled with corticostriatal afferent stimulation to monitor evoked release of AA into striatum. In saline-treated mice, we found a marked decrease in evoked extracellular AA in striatum of R6/2 relative to WT. Ceftriaxone, in contrast, restored striatal AA in R6/2 mice to WT levels. In addition, intra-striatal infusion of either the GLT1 inhibitor dihydrokainic acid or dl-threo-beta-benzyloxyaspartate blocked evoked striatal AA release. Collectively, our results provide compelling evidence for a link between GLT1 activation and release of AA into the striatal extracellular fluid, and suggest that dysfunction of this system is a key component of HD pathophysiology.
A data front-end for layered manufacturing (1997)

In this paper we describe a geometric software package which serves as a data front-end for rapid prototyping systems. This package can be customized for every layered-manufacturing technique. We survey the full path of data in the system, starting = data files originated by external tools, in most cases CAD systems, going through some repairing operations, then editing a job composed of several objects, and finally processing the job for actual production.
Designs and Evaluation of a Tracker in P2P Networks (2008)

The "tracker" of a P2P system is used to lookup which peers hold (or partially hold) a given object. There are various designs for the tracker function, from a single-server tracker, to multiple-server tracker system, to DHT-based serverless systems. In this paper, we classify the different designs, discuss the different considerations for these designs, and simple models to evaluate the reliability of these designs.
Lanthanide oxides: preparation and ageing (1984)

La2O3, CeO2, Sm2O3, Dy2O3, and Yb2O3 were obtained by calcining in air phases prepared by precipitation with ammonia from solutions of the corresponding nitrates. During the calcination to oxides, under the experimental conditions used, the nitrate ions are removed to an extent which could not be detected by temperature programmed desorption–mass spectrometry or i.r. spectroscopy, contradictory to the established literature. For comparative purposes, Yb2O3 has also been prepared by thermal decomposition of oxalate. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area was always lower for the oxide obtained from oxalate. This was so even after thermal treatment at 1 173 K. Independent of the preparation method, the heaviest 4f oxides undergo partial conversion to bulk carbonate hydroxides when exposed to air. According to our results and those reported in the literature, lanthanide oxides, when used as catalysts, are often activated at temperatures lower than those necessary for the complete elimination of CO2 and H2O.
Getting the Most From Your Patents (1993)

OVERVIEW:R&D managers must adjust their thinking and actions to the new U.S. patent scenario that has evolved since 1982. Patents are now more easily enforced, with teeth that include both injunctions and large damage awards. High-profile research management issues like global technology competition, quality and strategic linkage of technology programs all have important patent components. To enhance your global competitiveness, learn how to extract competitive intelligence from worldwide patent filings. Use quality tools to examine and improve your patenting systems and processes. And finally, as you link your technology programs to your corporate vision and strategies, don't forget to also integrate a patent strategy. It will help to maintain your competitive advantage.
Evaluation of the Selective Tungsten Deposition Process for VLSI Circuit Applications (1988)

Tungsten films have been selectively deposited on oxide‐patterned silicon wafers using two successive deposition steps, i.e., the Si reduction of followed by the reduction of . The deposition process was performed in a horizontal hot wall LPCVD reactor. In this reactor, the surface of vertical wafers was parallel to the axis of the quartz tube. The thickness of W films obtained for a given deposition time was found to be dependent on the "history" (or the cleanliness) of the CVD reactor. The thickness uniformity across a wafer and from wafer to wafer was determined as a function of the wafer position in the CVD reactor. The selectivity of the process was evaluated by measuring the W nuclei density on the oxide (PSG) mask as a function of the thickness of W films. During the validity period of the CVD reactor, tungsten films of 220 nm in thickness were produced on 12 wafers per run with undetectable W nuclei on the mask (perfect selectivity). The CVD reactor appears to be suitable for selective deposition of W films used as diffusion barriers in Al/W/Si contact structures.
Specific cellular and humoral immunity in children with grass pollen asthma (1982)

Lymphocyte stimulation, as determined by incorporation of thymidine, to rye grass extract in twenty-three children with bronchial reactivity to rye grass and to house dust mite, did not differ significantly from four children with reactivity to house dust mite alone, or from nine children with asthma but without a bronchial response to these allergens. Sixteen children underwent hyposensitization with rye grass extract or treatment with placebo. There was no consistent effect of hyposensitization on the lymphocyte stimulation indices to rye grass. A decrease in lymphocyte responsiveness occurred to rye grass and to house dust mite after the grass pollen season but was not statistically significant. Analysis of changes in lymphocyte responsiveness to both house dust mite and rye grass of the children most highly sensitized to rye allergen, showed that the lymphocyte responsiveness to rye grass fell during the pollen season (P less than 0.05) but this effect was not seen with house dust mite. The study suggests that a decrease in lymphocyte responsiveness to rye grass allergen in children with large amounts of anti-rye IgE antibodies is antigen specific and may be seen following seasonal exposure.
Cloning and sequencing a human homolog (hMYH) of the Escherichia coli mutY gene whose function is required for the repair of oxidative DNA damage (1996)

We have cloned the human mutY gene (hMYH) from both genomic and cDNA libraries. The human gene contains 15 introns and is 7.1 kb long. The 16 exons encode a protein of 535 amino acids that displays 41% identity to the Escherichia coli protein, which provides an important function in the repair of oxidative damage to DNA and helps to prevent mutations from oxidative lesions. The human mutY gene maps on the short arm of chromosome 1, between p32.1 and p34.3.
Digestive Ripening of Thiolated Gold Nanoparticles:  The Effect of Alkyl Chain Length (2002)

Digestive ripening, heating a colloidal suspension at or near the solvent boiling point in the presence of a surface-active ligand, was applied to polydisperse colloidal gold in toluene using a series of alkylthiols, viz., octyl-, decyl-, dodecyl-, and hexadecylthiols. In all the instances, digestive ripening significantly reduced the average particle size and polydispersity. All the colloids remain suspended in solution above 80 °C, but at room temperature the tendency to form 3D superlattices and precipitate increased with declining alkyl chain length. For example, using octanethiol as the ligand makes the colloids aggregate into big 3D superlattices and precipitate; decane- and dodecanethiol also produce precipitated 3D superlattices along with separate particles, while hexadecanethiol-coated particles remain well separated from each other. The optical spectra at room temperature reveal, apart from the gold plasmon band at 530 nm, a large tail above 700 nm for Au−octanethiol and Au−decanethiol cases and a shoulder at 630 nm for Au−dodecanethiol attributed to the superlattices. Au−hexadecanethiol, on the other hand, shows only the gold plasmon band as expected from separate particles. However, at higher temperatures only the gold plasmon band is observed for all the colloids indicating the dissolution of the superlattices. The aggregation of the particles into 3D superlattices or their stability as a colloidal suspension is qualitatively explained on the basis of decreasing van der Waals attraction between the gold nanoparticles as the separation between them is increased through the alkyl chain length of the capping ligand from octyl to hexadecyl.
Correlation between Dynamics and High Affinity Binding in an SH2 Domain Interaction (1996)

Protein-protein interfaces can consist of interactions between large numbers of residues of each molecule; some of these interactions are critical in determining binding affinity and conferring specificity, while others appear to play only a marginal role. Src-homology-2 (SH2) domains bind to proteins containing phosphorylated tyrosines, with additional specificity provided by interactions with residues C-terminal to the phosphotyrosine (pTyr) residue. While the C-terminal SH2 domain of phospholipase C-gamma 1 (PLCC SH2) interacts with eight residues of a pTyr-containing peptide from its high affinity binding site on the beta-platelet-derived growth factor receptor, it can still bind tightly to a phosphopeptide containing only three residues. Novel deuterium (2H) based nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spin relaxation experiments which probe the nanosecond-picosecond time scale dynamics of methyl containing side chain residues have established that certain regions of the PLCC SH2 domain contacting the residues C-terminal to the pTyr have a high degree of mobility in both the free and peptide complexed states. In contrast, there is significant restriction of motion in the pTyr binding site. These results suggest a correlation between the dynamic behavior of certain groups in the PLCC SH2 complex and their contribution to high affinity binding and binding specificity.
ESI/Ion Trap/Ion Mobility/Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry for Rapid and Sensitive Analysis of Biomolecular Mixtures (1998)

An ion trap/ion mobility/time-of-flight mass spectrometry technique is shown to be a rapid and sensitive means of analyzing peptide/protein mixtures. In this approach, an ion trap is used to accumulate ions that have been electrosprayed from a mixture into concentrated packets. The ion packets are injected into a drift tube where components of the mixture are separated based on differences in mobility through a buffer gas. Ions that exit the drift tube are dispersed in a time-of-flight mass spectrometer for mass-to-charge (m/z) determination. The gas-phase separation strategy reduces congestion in the mass spectrum, and experimental mobilities complement m/z measurements in assigning peaks. Examples of the application of the approach to identification of peptides (from tryptic digests) and to separation of charge-state distributions from electrospray of a mixture containing ubiquitin and myoglobin are presented. Most peptides that are observed from tryptic digests of proteins such as cytochrome c and myoglobin can be identified from data that are acquired in under 1 min; studies of mixtures with known compositions indicate that detection limits are approximately 0.5-3 pmol for individual components. Factors that may influence the distributions that are observed, such as storage time in the trap, injection voltages used for the mobility experiment, and variations in ion cross section with charge state, are discussed.
Improved Template-Directed Synthesis of Cyclobis(paraquat-<i>p</i>-phenylene) (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTImproved Template-Directed Synthesis of Cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene)Masumi Asakawa, Wim Dehaen, Gerrit L'abbé, Stephan Menzer, Jan Nouwen, Françisco M. Raymo, J. Fraser Stoddart, and David J. WilliamsView Author Information School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K., Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium, and Department of Chemistry, Imperial College, South Kensington, London SW7 2AY, U.K. Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 26, 9591–9595Publication Date (Web):December 27, 1996Publication History Received1 August 1996Published online27 December 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo961488ihttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo961488ibrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3358Altmetric-Citations181LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Aromatic compounds,Genetics,Hydrogen,Organic polymers,Reaction products Get e-Alerts
New method for variable speed playback for high definition VCRs (1991)

A novel method has been developed to realize noiseless variable speed playback for a 1/2-in high-definition VCR which uses a two-channel three-segment recording method. The key technologies here are tape speed selection and segment discrimination.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
HER2 Fragmentation and Breast Cancer Stratification (2010)

HER2 is a tyrosine kinase receptor whose overexpression in breast cancers correlates with poor prognosis. A subset of HER2-positive tumors also expresses a series of HER2 fragments, collectively known as p95HER2. These fragments are emerging as a valuable biomarker for this subset of patients, who have a particularly poor prognosis.
Ultrawideband Metasurface Lenses Based on Off-Shifted Opposite Layers (2015)

Metasurfaces have demonstrated to be a low-cost solution for the development of directive antennas at high frequency. One of the opportunities of metasurfaces is the possibility to produce planar lenses. However, these lenses usually present a narrow band of operation. This limitation on bandwidth is more restrictive when the required range of refractive index is high. Here, we present a novel implementation of metasurfaces with low dispersion that can be employed for the design of ultrawideband planar lenses. The implementation consists of two mirrored metasurfaces that are displaced exactly a half unit cell. This displacement produces two effects: It increases the equivalent refractive index of the fundamental mode and flattens its frequency dependence.
Superalloys: Alloying and Performance (2010)

This practical guide provides an introduction for understanding the compositional complexity of superalloys superalloy and the wide range of alloys developed for specific applications. The basics of alloying, strengthening mechanisms, and structure of superalloys are explained in optimizing particular mechanical properties, oxidation/corrosion resistance, and manufacturing characteristics such as castability, forgeability, and weldability.
Positive and negative ion sources for magnetic fusion (2005)

The positive or negative ion sources which form the primary components of neutral beam injection systems used in controlled nuclear fusion using magnetic confinement have to meet simultaneously several demanding requirements. This paper describes the underlying physics of modern positive ion sources, which provide the required high proton fraction (>90%) and high current density (/spl ap/2 kA/m/sup 2/) at a low source pressure (0.4 Pa) with a high electrical efficiency and uniformity across the accelerator grids. The development of negative ion sources, which are required if high energy neutral beams are to be produced, is described, and the present understanding of the physics of negative ion production in sources is explained. The paper reports that negative ion sources have achieved many of the parameters required of sources for the neutral beam injectors of future fusion devices and reactors, >200 A/m/sup 2/ of D/sup -/ at low source pressure, <0.3 Pa, with a low co-extracted electron content. The development needed to meet all the requirements of future systems is briefly discussed.
Energy Gaps in Etched Graphene Nanoribbons (2009)

Transport measurements on an etched graphene nanoribbon are presented. It is shown that two distinct voltage scales can be experimentally extracted that characterize the parameter region of suppressed conductance at low charge density in the ribbon. One of them is related to the charging energy of localized states, the other to the strength of the disorder potential. The lever arms of gates vary by up to 30% for different localized states which must therefore be spread in position along the ribbon. A single-electron transistor is used to prove the addition of individual electrons to the localized states. In our sample the characteristic charging energy is of the order of 10 meV, the characteristic strength of the disorder potential of the order of 100 meV.
Dual Catalysis Strategies in Photochemical Synthesis (2016)

The interaction between an electronically excited photocatalyst and an organic molecule can result in the genertion of a diverse array of reactive intermediates that can be manipulated in a variety of ways to result in synthetically useful bond constructions. This Review summarizes dual-catalyst strategies that have been applied to synthetic photochemistry. Mechanistically distinct modes of photocatalysis are discussed, including photoinduced electron transfer, hydrogen atom transfer, and energy transfer. We focus upon the cooperative interactions of photocatalysts with redox mediators, Lewis and Brønsted acids, organocatalysts, enzymes, and transition metal complexes.
Colloid Monolayers as Versatile Lithographic Masks (1997)

Hexagonally closed packed monolayers of colloids have found more and more applications, e.g. as lithographic masks. The monolayers are usually produced with the help of a self-organizing process where a suspension of colloids is applied to the desired substrate and left to dry. This method requires a good wettability and smoothness of the substrate, which severely limits the number of possible substrates. We present a new method for the application of colloid monolayers to almost any surface where these difficulties are circumvented. At first the monolayers are fabricated on glass substrates and afterwards floated off on a water surface. From there, they are transferred to the desired substrate. Examples where transferred monolayers were used as lithographic masks are shown on glass, indium tin oxide, and tungsten diselenide. The transfer of a colloid monolayer to a copper grid for transmission electron microscopy demonstrates the applicability of the technique to curved surfaces as well.
Characterization of a Novel Recombinant Hyaluronan Binding Protein for Tissue Hyaluronan Detection (2014)

Tumor necrosis factor-Stimulated Gene 6 protein (TSG-6) is a hyaluronan (HA)-binding glycoprotein containing an HA-binding Link module. Because of its well-defined structure, HA binding properties and small size, TSG-6 is an excellent candidate as an alternative to animal-derived HA-binding protein (HABP) for the detection of HA. The present work describes the generation and characterization of a novel recombinant HA-binding probe obtained by fusion of a modified TSG-6 Link module with mutationally inactivated heparin-binding sequence and the Fc portion of human IgG1 (TSG-6-ΔHep-Fc) for tissue HA detection in histological samples. Direct binding assays indicated strong binding of TSG-6-ΔHep-Fc to HA, with little residual binding to heparin. Histolocalization of HA in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections using biotin-TSG-6-ΔHep-Fc resulted in hyaluronidase-sensitive staining patterns similar to those obtained with biotin-HABP, but with improved sensitivity. HA was detected in many human tissues, and was most abundant in soft connective tissues such as the skin dermis and the stroma of various glands. Digital image analysis revealed a linear correlation between biotin-HABP and biotin-TSG-6-ΔHep-Fc staining intensity in a subset of normal and malignant human tissues. These results demonstrate that TSG-6-ΔHep-Fc is a sensitive and specific probe for the detection of HA by histological methods.
Evolved multimedia broadcast/multicast service (eMBMS) in LTE-advanced: overview and Rel-11 enhancements (2012)

The Third Generation Partnership Project defined multimedia broadcast/multicast service in 2005 to optimize the distribution of video traffic. This standard covers the terminal, radio, core network, and user service aspects. This MBMS standard has evolved into enhanced MBMS (eMBMS) that builds on top of the 3GPP Long Term Evolution standard. eMBMS evolution brings improved performance thanks to higher and more flexible LTE bit rates, single frequency network operations, and carrier configuration flexibility. 3GPP Rel-11 also brings improvements in the areas of service layer with, for example, video codec for higher resolutions and frame rate, and forward error correction. eMBMS allows offloading of the LTE network and backhaul. It enables the possibility to deliver premium content to many users with secured quality of service in defined areas. Other important use cases are pushed content via user equipment caching and machine-to-machine services. This article describes the relevant use cases for eMBMS in terms of service. It then gives a tutorial on eMBMS, in particular highlighting the evolution over MBMS. The scope comprises the radio access, core network, and service layer.
Periodic Pulse Reverse Cu Plating for Through-Hole Filling (2013)

A copper electroplating formula, composed of a single organic additive, nitrotetrazolium blue chloride monohydrate, is developed for the direct filling of the through holes (THs) of a printed circuit board (PCB) and the through-silicon holes (TSHs) of a wafer. Two plating modes, direct current (DC) and periodic pulse reverse (PPR) current, are employed to perform the filling plating. DC plating requires an extended time period and results in void formation at high current density. In contrast, PPR plating requires a shorter time and results in a very thin copper layer on the wafer surface after the TSH is fully filled.