gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genomically imposed and somatically modified human thymocyte V beta gene repertoires. (1991)

The effect of thymic selection on the expressed human T-cell antigen receptor beta-chain variable region (V beta) gene repertoire was examined by using a multiprobe RNase protection assay. The relative abundance of transcripts for 22 V beta genes (encompassing 17 of the 20 human V beta gene subfamilies) within a thymus, and among 17 thymuses, was variable. On the basis of the presence of corresponding mRNAs, no genomic deletions were detected, but several coding region polymorphisms were identified. Analysis of mature T-cell subsets revealed the absence of complete "superantigen"-mediated V beta deletions, suggesting that this phenomenon, in contrast to mouse, is uncommon or absent in humans. However, several V beta genes were over- or underexpressed in one or both mature single-positive (CD4+8- or CD8+4-) thymocyte subsets compared to syngeneic total, mostly immature thymocytes. Whether these changes are induced by relatively weak superantigens or conventional antigens and whether the downshifts are caused by negative selection or lack of positive selection remains to be determined.
Technical considerations in difficult primary total hip arthroplasty. (1994)

Total joint replacement has become one of the more common orthopaedic operations, with approximately 240,000 major joint arthroplasties performed annually in the United States, a large percentage of these being of the hip. The vast majority of hip replacements are for the diagnosis of degenerative arthritis and are performed in patients greater than 60 years of age. Less commonly the procedure is performed for other diagnoses (eg, developmental disorders of the hip, inflammatory arthritis, and post-traumatic arthritis) and in younger patients. Each of these diagnoses are associated with unique characteristics posing an array of technical challenges for the surgeon. The purpose of this manuscript is to highlight the more common of these processes with emphasis on the technical difficulties encountered when reconstructing these hips.
Permanent pacemaker implantation in a patient with situs solitus, dextrocardia, and corrected transposition of the great arteries using a novel angiographic technique (2014)

Abstract Complex congenital heart diseases involving abnormalities of the atrial situs and cardiac malpositions like dextrocardia can pose a considerable challenge to transvenous permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI). Literature describing transvenous PPI techniques in patients with complex cardiac anomalies is scarce. In this report, we describe a novel angiography‐guided technique for the implantation of a dual chamber transvenous pacemaker in a patient with complete heart block with situs solitus, dextrocardia, and congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries.
Ion Implantation and Protein Coating of Detachable Coils for Endovascular Treatment of Cerebral Aneurysms: Concepts and Preliminary Results in Swine Models (1997)

OBJECTIVE: Complete anatomic obliteration remains difficult to achieve with endovascular treatment of wide-necked aneurysms using Guglielmi detachable platinum coils (GDCs). Ion implantation is a physicochemical surface modification process resulting from the impingement of a high-energy ion beam. Ion implantation and protein coating were used to alter the surface properties (thrombogenicity, endothelial cellular migration, and adhesion) of GDCs. These modified coils were compared with standard GDCs in the treatment of experimental swine aneurysms. METHODS: In an initial study, straight platinum coils were used to compare the acute thrombogenicity of standard and modified coils. Modified coils were coated with albumin, fibronectin, or collagen and underwent Ne+ ion implantation at a dose of 1 × 1015 ions/cm2 and an energy of 150 keV. Coils were placed in common iliac arteries of 17 swine for 1 hour, to evaluate their acute interactions with circulating blood. In a second study, GDCs were used to treat 34 aneurysms in an additional 17 swine. GDCs were coated with fibronectin, albumin, collagen, laminin, fibrinogen, or vitronectin and then implanted with ions as described above. Bilateral experimental swine aneurysms were embolized with standard GDCs on one side and with ion-implanted, protein-coated GDCs on the other side. The necks of aneurysms were evaluated macroscopically at autopsy, by using post-treatment Day 14 specimens. The dimensions of the orifice and the white fibrous membrane that covered the orifice were measured as the fibrous membrane to orifice proportion. Histopathological evaluation of the neck region was performed by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: Fibronectin-coated, ion-implanted coils showed the greatest acute thrombogenicity (average thrombus weight for standard coils, 1.9 ± 1.5 mg; weight for fibronectin-coated coils, 8.6 ± 6.2 mg;P < 0.0001). By using scanning electron microscopy, an intensive blood cellular response was observed on ion-implanted coil surfaces, whereas this was rare with standard coils. At Day 14, greater fibrous coverage of the necks of aneurysms was observed in the ion-implanted coil group (mean fibrous membrane to orifice proportion of 69.8 ± 6.2% for the ion-implanted coil group, compared with 46.8 ± 15.9% for the standard coil group; P = 0.0143). CONCLUSION: The results of this preliminary experimental study indicate that ion implantation combined with protein coating of GDCs improved cellular adhesion and proliferation. Future application of this technology may provide early wound healing at the necks of embolized, wide-necked, cerebral aneurysms.
Normally Off n-Channel GaN MOSFETs on Si Substrates Using an SAG Technique and Ion Implantation (2007)

We have demonstrated n-channel gallium nitride (GaN) MOSFETs using a selective area growth (SAG) technique and ion implantation on a silicon substrate. Both MOSFETs realized good normally off operations. The MOSFET using the SAG technique showed a large drain current of 112 mA/mm, a lower leakage current, and a high field mobility of 113 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /V . s, which is, to our knowledge, the best for a GaN MOSFET on a silicon substrate.
Serotonin Reuptake Inhibition: An Update on Current Research Strategies (2002)

Selective Serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have contributed to the major advances in the treatment of depression and other psychiatric diseases. This review summarises current knowledge concerning the SSRI class of drugs and discusses the importance of secondary pharmacology in the mechanism of action and effectiveness of these drugs. Particular attention is given to the emerging importance of the SSRI plus approach: where the serotonin reuptake receptor inhibition of a drug is supplemented by one or more other receptor interactions either by the same drug or by a combination therapy. This area of research has shed light on the pharmacological mechanisms of SSRI therapy and has the therapeutic usefulness of serotonin reuptake inhibition, especially in the area of depression. There are many new emerging SSRI plus drugs, which address the pharmacological and pharmacokinetic issues of current therapies and these, are discussed in detail.
Low-temperature sensitive, compressively strained InGaAsP active (/spl lambda/=0.78-0.85 μm) region diode lasers (2000)

This letter reports comparative studies between (Al)GaAs versus InGaAsP active region edge-emitting semiconductor lasers for emission wavelength in the IR regime (/spl lambda/=0.78-0.85 μm). High characteristic temperature T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> (200 K) and T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> (450 K) edge-emitting diode lasers have been demonstrated by using the compressively strained (/spl Delta/a/a=0,6%) Al-free (InGaAsP) active region with an emission wavelength of 0.85 μm. The high T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> and T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> a result of low active-layer carrier leakage, will be beneficial for high-temperature and high-power operation. Implementation for InGaAsP-active VCSEL's with compressively strained InGaAsP-active layers and conventional DBR's is also discussed.
Alterations of the Intestinal Barrier in Patients With Autism Spectrum Disorders and in Their First‐degree Relatives (2010)

The results obtained support the leaky gut hypothesis and indicate that measuring IPT could help to identify a subgroup of patients with autism who could benefit from a gluten-free diet. The IPT alterations found in first-degree relatives suggest the presence of an intestinal (tight-junction linked) hereditary factor in the families of subjects with autism.
Waveguide electro-optic polarization transformer (1981)

We propose and demonstrate a novel waveguide electro-optic device which is capable of performing general polarization transformations under electrical control. The device, made with a Ti-diffused lithium niobate waveguide, combines in a unique optical circuit an electro-optic (e/o) TE⇄TM mode converter and two e/o phase shifters to provide general polarization transformations. This is the first report of a waveguide e/o device capable of performing arbitrary polarization transformations. As a linear rotator the device exhibits a rotation rate of 15°/V with better than 23-dB fidelity. We also demonstrate transformation between circular and linear polarization.
Molecular characterization of two cloned nitrilases from Arabidopsis thaliana: key enzymes in biosynthesis of the plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid. (1994)

As in maize [Wright, A.D., Sampson, M. B., Neuffer, M. G., Michalczuk, L., Slovin, J. P. & Cohen, J. D. (1991) Science 254, 998-1000], the major auxin of higher plants, indole-3-acetic acid, is synthesized mainly via a nontryptophan pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana [Normanly, J., Cohen, J. D. & Fink, G. R. (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90, 10355-10359]. In the latter species, the hormone may be accessible from the glucosinolate glucobrassicin (indole-3-methyl glucosinolate) and from L-tryptophan via indoleacetaldoxime under special circumstances. In each case, indole-3-acetonitrile is the immediate precursor, which is converted into indole-3-acetic acid through the action of nitrilase (nitrile aminohydrolase, EC 3.5.5.1). The genome of A. thaliana contains two nitrilase genes. Nitrilase I had been cloned earlier in our laboratory. The cDNA for nitrilase II (PM255) was cloned and encodes an enzyme that converts indole-3-acetonitrile to indole-3-acetic acid, the plant hormone. We show that the intracellular location as well as the expression pattern of the two A. thaliana nitrilases are distinctly different. Nitrilase I is soluble and is expressed throughout development, but at a very low level during the fruiting stage, while nitrilase II is tightly associated with the plasma membrane, is barely detectable in young rosettes, but is strongly expressed during bolting, flowering, and especially fruit development. The results indicate that more than one pathway of indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis via indole-3-acetonitrile exists in A. thaliana and that these pathways are differentially regulated throughout plant development.
Regulation of Growth Factor-Induced Signaling by Protein-Tyrosine-Phosphatases (1997)

The binding of a growth factor to its specific receptor catalyzes a complex cascade of intracellular signaling events, characterized by changes in the phosphorylation state of many key proteins. Among these phosphorylation events, tyrosine phosphorylation plays a prominent role in the transmission of postreceptor signals. The state of tyrosine phosphorylation is regulated by the actions of protein-tyrosine kinases (PTKs) and protein-tyrosine-phosphatases (PTPs). Dysregulation of either event can lead to abnormal cellular responses. PTPs generally act to regulate negatively-that is, to turn off-any signals generated by PTKs. However, this is not always the case, as seen by the phosphatase SHP-2, which can either be a positive or negative regulator of signal transduction depending on the particular cellular context. In addition, a novel family of dual specificity phosphatases has been recently discovered. These enzymes are capable of dephosphorylating phosphotyrosine and phosphothreonine/phosphoserine residues, and seem to play a significant role in attenuating the action of MAP kinases. Several themes appear throughout PTP regulation of growth factor signaling, including positive or negative regulation, importance of cell/ tissue type, identity of the receptor activated, and subcellular localization. Although only a handful of PTPs have been identified, the present work done in elucidating their function has revealed their significance in the maintenance of normal physiological responses to growth factors.
Functional Characterization of Des-IGF-1 Action at Excitatory Synapses in the CA1 Region of Rat Hippocampus (2005)

Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and growth hormone play a major role in the growth and development of tissues throughout the mammalian body. Plasma IGF-1 concentrations peak during puberty and decline with age. We have determined that chronic treatments to restore plasma IGF-1 concentrations to adult levels attenuate spatial learning deficits in aged rats, but little is known of the acute actions of IGF-1 in the brain. To this end, we utilized hippocampal slices from young Sprague-Dawley rats to characterize the acute effects of des-IGF-1 on excitatory synaptic transmission in the CA1 region. We observed a 40% increase in field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP) slope with application of des-IGF-1 (40 ng/ml) and used whole cell patch-clamp recordings to determine that this enhancement was due to a postsynaptic mechanism involving alpha-amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA) but not N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Furthermore, the enhancement was completely blocked by the broad-spectrum tyrosine kinase inhibitor, genistein (220 microM), and significantly reduced by the PI3K blockers wortmannin (1 microM) and 2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one (10 microM), suggesting that the effect was predominantly dependent on PI3K activation. This characterization of the acute actions of des-IGF-1 at hippocampal excitatory synapses may provide insight into the mechanism by which long-term increases in plasma IGF-1 impart cognitive benefits in aged rats. Increases in AMPA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission may contribute directly to cognitive improvement or initiate long-term changes in synthesis of proteins such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor that are important to learning and memory.
Agent-Centric Risk Assessment: Accident Anticipation and Risky Region Localization (2017)

For survival, a living agent must have the ability to assess risk (1) by temporally anticipating accidents before they occur, and (2) by spatially localizing risky regions in the environment to move away from threats. In this paper, we take an agent-centric approach to study the accident anticipation and risky region localization tasks. We propose a novel soft-attention Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) which explicitly models both spatial and appearance-wise non-linear interaction between the agent triggering the event and another agent or static-region involved. In order to test our proposed method, we introduce the Epic Fail (EF) dataset consisting of 3000 viral videos capturing various accidents. In the experiments, we evaluate the risk assessment accuracy both in the temporal domain (accident anticipation) and spatial domain (risky region localization) on our EF dataset and the Street Accident (SA) dataset. Our method consistently outperforms other baselines on both datasets.
Elevated Skeletal Osteopontin Levels Contribute to the Hypophosphatasia Phenotype in <i>Akp2</i>−/− Mice (2006)

Deletion of both Akp2 and Opn can partially rescue the hypomineralized phenotype of Akp2(-/-) mice. However, these double knockout mice do not display corrected ePP(i) levels, and we conclude that regulation of hydroxyapatite deposition requires the coordinated actions of both PP(i) and OPN and that the hypophosphatasia phenotype in Akp2(-/-) mice results from the combined inhibitory action of increased levels of both ePP(i) and OPN. Our data also suggest that the ePP(i)-mediated regulation of OPN and the OPN-mediated regulation of ePP(i) are linked counterregulatory mechanisms that control the concentrations of these two important mineralization inhibitors, OPN and ePP(i).
Nitrogen concentration optimization for down-scaled CMOSFET with N/sub 2/O-based oxynitride process (2002)

The characteristics of dual gate CMOSFETs with oxynitride gas dielectrics were studied, and the optimization for nitrogen concentration (C/sub N/) in oxynitride film was systematically carried out. It was clarified that the required C/sub N/ for suppressing boron penetration in pMOSFET can be drastically decreased by using BC as a gate dopant instead of BF/sub 2//sup +/. Furthermore, it was found that the introduction of excess nitrogen results in the unique behaviour of short channel characteristics degradation in nMOSFET for the first time, and it becomes one of the limiting factor for nMOSFET miniaturization.
DNA-Based Hybridization Chain Reaction for Amplified Bioelectronic Signal and Ultrasensitive Detection of Proteins (2012)

This work reports a novel electrochemical immunoassay protocol with signal amplification for determination of proteins (human IgG here used as a model target analyte) at an ultralow concentration using DNA-based hybridization chain reaction (HCR). The immuno-HCR assay consists of magnetic immunosensing probes, nanogold-labeled signal probes conjugated with the DNA initiator strands, and two different hairpin DNA molecules. The signal is amplified by the labeled ferrocene on the hairpin probes. In the presence of target IgG, the sandwiched immunocomplex can be formed between the immobilized antibodies on the magnetic beads and the signal antibodies on the gold nanoparticles. The carried DNA initiator strands open the hairpin DNA structures in sequence and propagate a chain reaction of hybridization events between two alternating hairpins to form a nicked double-helix. Numerous ferrocene molecules are formed on the neighboring probe, each of which produces an electrochemical signal within the applied potentials. Under optimal conditions, the immuno-HCR assay presents good electrochemical responses for determination of target IgG at a concentration as low as 0.1 fg mL(-1). Importantly, the methodology can be further extended to the detection of other proteins or biomarkers.
Acoustic Feedback Margin Improvements in Hearing Instruments Using a Prototype DFS (Digital Feedback Suppression) System (1991)

The properties of a prototype DFS (digital feedback suppression) system have been investigated. 21 ears fitted with behind-the-ear (BTE) hearing instruments and hard acrylic ear-moulds and 4 ears fitted with vented in-the-ear (ITE) hearing instruments were selected for the investigation. Two ITE instruments with different venting were employed to one of the ears. Complex loop gain has been measured in an anechoic room, and from these measurements the improvements in acoustic feedback margin due to the DFS system have been determined. For the BTE group, median values of 13.1 and 10.0 dB of improvement were established for two sets of measurements introducing a 180 degrees phase shift in connection with the last set of measurements. For the ITE group, values from 9.8 to 16.1 dB and from 13.7 to 16.3 dB of improvement were observed for the normal and the 180 degrees phase shift conditions respectively. Beyond this the DFS system may improve the sound quality to some extent, because the amplitude distortion, caused by the external feedback signal, is almost completely eliminated.
Low-density framework form of crystalline silicon with a wide optical band gap (2000)

Synthesis of a guest-free clathrate form of crystalline silicon was achieved by successive vacuum treatment and density separation of ${\mathrm{Na}}_{x}{\mathrm{Si}}_{136}$-based materials. The new allotrope of silicon has an open framework structure based upon slightly distorted tetrahedral atoms bound into five- and six-membered ring structures, and corresponds to a fully saturated and condensed fullerane-type solid. Theoretical calculations indicate that the new form of silicon should be a wide bandgap semiconductor. This prediction is borne out by experiment: electrical conductivity and optical absorption measurements yield a band gap of 1.9 eV, approximately twice the value of ``normal'' semiconducting silicon.
The <i>luxS</i> gene is involved in cell–cell signalling for toxin production in <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> (2002)

A Gram-positive anaerobic pathogen, Clostridium perfringens, causes clostridial myonecrosis or gas gangrene in humans by producing numerous extracellular toxins and enzymes that act in concert to degrade host tissues. C. perfringens possesses a homologue of the luxS gene that is reported to be responsible for the production of autoinducer 2 (AI-2), which participates in quorum sensing in bacteria. The luxS mutant was constructed using C. perfringens strain 13, and the role of the luxS gene in toxin production was examined. The cell-free culture supernatant from wild-type strain 13 greatly stimulated the luminescence of Vibrio harveyi BB170, whereas that from the luxS mutant caused no significant stimulation, indicating that the luxS gene is necessary for AI-2 production in C. perfringens. The luxS mutant showed a reduced level of production of alpha-, kappa- and theta-toxins. In the luxS mutant, the transcription of the theta-toxin gene (pfoA) was lower at mid-exponential growth phase, whereas alpha- and kappa-toxin gene transcription was not significantly affected. The production of toxins in the luxS mutant was stimulated by the addition of the culture supernatant from the wild-type cells, possibly because of the presence of AI-2. Moreover, the expression of the pfoA gene in the luxS mutant was apparently activated when the mutant cells were cultured in the presence of culture supernatants from the wild-type C. perfringens, Escherichia coli DH5alpha carrying the luxS gene of C. perfringens. A deletion analysis of the luxS operon showed that the luxS gene alone is responsible for cell-cell signalling, and that the metB or cysK genes located upstream of luxS are not involved in regulating toxin production. Our results indicate that cell-cell signalling by AI-2 plays an important role in the regulation of toxin production in C. perfringens.