gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Approach to Ideal Network Formation Governed by Flory−Stockmayer Gelation Theory in Free-Radical Cross-Linking Copolymerization of Styrene with <i>m</i>-Divinylbenzene (1999)

The critical conditions in which the classical Flory−Stockmayer gelation theory (F−S theory) is applicable to monovinyl−divinyl copolymerizations were pursued in detail. Thus, the cross-linking copolymerizations of styrene (St) with m-divinylbenzene (m-DVB) as a most typical monovinyl−divinyl system were discussed under the specified conditions where the occurrence of a thermodynamic excluded volume effect and intramolecular cross-linking as the primary and secondary factors, respectively, for the greatly delayed gelation in the free-radical monovinyl−divinyl copolymerizations was reduced. The ratio of the actual gel point to the theoretical one reached 1.3, supporting the good applicability of F−S theory. In addition, the more tailed molecular-weight distribution (MWD) curves were observed with conversion as a result of occurrence of intermolecular cross-linking reaction leading to ideal network formation governed by F−S theory. Also, the swelling ratio of the gel obtained just beyond the gel point was very high, suggesting no microgelation up to the gel-point conversion. On the contrary, in the solution copolymerization of St with m-DVB in toluene at a dilution of 1/3 in the presence of a rather high amount of cross-linker, the considerable occurrence of intramolecular cross-linking reaction was clearly reflected on the greatly delayed gelation and the markedly changed MWD curve from a tailed one at a higher conversion.
Bayesian optimization algorithm, decision graphs, and Occam's razor (2001)

pelikanilligalgeuiucedu This paper discusses the use of various scoring metrics in the Bayesian optimization algorithm BOA which uses Bayesian networks to model promising solutions and generate the new ones The use of decision graphs in Bayesian networks to improve the performance of the BOA is proposed To favor simple models a complexity measure is incorporated into the Bayesian Dirichlet metric for Bayesian networks with decision graphs The presented algorithms are compared on a number of interesting problems Recently the use of local structures as default tables and decision treesgraphs in context of learning the structure of Bayesian networks has been proposed and discussed Friedman Goldszmidt Chickering\t Heckerman\t Meek\t Using local structures has shown to improve the performance of methods for learning Bayesian networks in terms of the likelihood of the resulting
A variable-capacitance vibration-to-electric energy harvester (2006)

Past research on vibration energy harvesting has focused primarily on the use of magnets or piezoelectric materials as the basis of energy transduction, with few experimental studies implementing variable-capacitance-based scavenging. In contrast, this paper presents the design and demonstration of a variable-capacitance vibration energy harvester that combines an asynchronous diode-based charge pump with an inductive energy flyback circuit to deliver 1.8 /spl mu/W to a resistive load. A cantilever beam variable capacitor with a 650-pF dc capacitance and a 348-pF zero-to-peak ac capacitance, formed by a 43.56cm/sup 2/ spring steel top plate attached to an aluminum base, drives the charge pump at its out-of-plane resonant frequency of 1.56 kHz. The entire harvester requires only one gated MOSFET for energy flyback control, greatly simplifying the clocking scheme and avoiding synchronization issues. Furthermore, the system exhibits a startup voltage requirement below 89 mV, indicating that it can potentially be turned on using just a piezoelectric film.
<i>amp1</i> ‐ a mutant with high cytokinin levels and altered embryonic pattern, faster vegetative growth, constitutive photomorphogenesis and precocious flowering (1993)

amp1 , a mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana has a phenotype altered in three different aspects of plant development; spatial pattern, photomorphogenetic growth, and initiation of flowering. While fewer than 0.1% of the seedlings of wild‐type plants are non‐dicot as many as 20% of the seedlings of the amp1 mutant are tricot or tetracot. The rate of leaf initiation is faster and vegetative phyllotaxy is altered in amp1 . When grown in the dark amp1 seedlings show morphogenetic properties similar to light‐grown wild‐type plants: they do not form an apical hook, have hypocotyls shorter than wild‐type plants and form etiolated true leaves. amp1 mutant flowers significantly earlier than congenic Amp1 plants. The mutant has six times more cytokinin than wild‐type suggesting that endogenous cytokinin levels might play an important role in mediating these different developmental processes. AMP1 might code for a negative regulator of cytokinin biosynthesis, or may be required for the degradation of cytokinin.
Sequence requirements for stable binding and function of Rep68 on the adeno-associated virus type 2 inverted terminal repeats (1994)

Replication of the palindromic inverted terminal repeats (ITRs) of adeno-associated virus type 2 requires several functions of the viral nonstructural Rep proteins. These include binding to the ITR, nicking of the double-stranded replication intermediate at the terminal resolution site (trs), and then strand displacement and synthesis from the nick. This report demonstrates the ability of both recombinant fusion maltose-binding protein (MBP)-Rep68 delta produced in Escherichia coli and wild-type (wt) Rep68 to bind to a linear truncated form of the ITR, delta 57 ITR, with similar affinity as to the wt hairpin ITR. A dissociation constant for MBP-Rep68 delta of approximately 8 x 10(-10) M was determined for the wt ITR and delta 57 ITR probes. Truncation of delta 57 ITR to generate delta 28 ITR, which retains the GCTC repeat motif but not the trs, bound at least 10 times less efficiently than delta 57 ITR. Extension of delta 28 ITR with nonspecific sequence restored the ability of MBP-Rep68 delta to bind to delta 28 ITR. Thus, high-affinity binding would appear to require stabilization by flanking sequence as well as the intact GCTC repeat motif. Cleavage of the delta 57 ITR probe with DdeI, which truncates the flanking sequence and was previously shown to inhibit binding by Rep68, also inhibited the binding of MBP-Rep68 delta. The requirements for stable binding were further defined with a series of oligonucleotide probes which spanned the region protected by MBP-Rep78 in DNase I footprinting. The binding activity of either MBP-Rep68 delta or wt Rep68 to hairpin ITR or delta 57 ITR was indistinguishable. However, the binding activity of MBP-Rep68 delta to DNA does not appear to correlate with trs endonuclease activity. The nicking and covalent linkage of MBP-Rep68 delta to the nonhairpin delta 57 ITR was approximately 100-fold less efficient than its linkage to a hairpin-containing ITR. Therefore, although the hairpin portion of the ITR does not appear to play a role in recognition and stabilization of MBP-Rep68 delta binding, its presence does affect the trs cleavage activity of the protein.
A Viscoelastic Biomechanical Model of the Cornea Describing the Effect of Viscosity and Elasticity on Hysteresis (2008)

A viscoelastic model is presented to illustrate how changing viscosity and elasticity may affect hysteresis. Low hysteresis can be associated with either high elasticity or low elasticity, depending on the viscosity, a finding consistent with clinical reports.
Structures That Delineate Orphanin FQ and Dynorphin A Pharmacological Selectivities (1998)

Strict pharmacological selectivity in families of structurally related ligands and receptors may result from a key process in evolution aiming at increasing diversity in neurotransmission. An intriguing example of such exclusive specificity can be found in the newly discovered orphanin FQ (OFQ) system when it is compared with the opioid system. Both OFQ and its receptor share a high degree of sequence similarity to the opioid peptides and their corresponding receptors, respectively. However, OFQ does not activate opioid receptors, nor do the opioid peptides elicit biological activity at the OFQ receptor. We have therefore investigated the basis for the inherent selectivity of the primary structures of OFQ and dynorphin A, its closest counterpart. A series of truncated and/or chimeric peptides led to the conclusion that both peptides contain domains which establish their pharmacological selectivity. In the OFQ molecule we could delineate a domain that prevents its ability to activate the kappa-opioid receptor by apparently repelling its binding. In both peptides the selectivity-generating domains are composed of single residues in key positions together with short stretches of amino acids which do not overlap. To prove this concept, we designed a universal agonist and found it active at both the OFQ receptor and the kappa-opioid receptor. Our observations suggest that a coordinated mechanism of evolution has separated the orphanin FQ system from the opioid system.
Concurrent testing of droplet-based microfluidic systems for multiplexed biomedical assays (2005)

We present a concurrent testing methodology for detecting catastrophic faults in droplet-based microfluidic systems and investigate the related problems of test planning and resource optimization. We apply this methodology to a droplet-based microfluidic array that was fabricated and used to perform multiplexed glucose and lactate assays. The test approach interleaves test application with the biomedical assays and prevents resource conflicts. We show that an integer linear programming model can be used to minimize testing time for a given hardware overhead due to droplet dispensing sources and capacitive sensing circuitry. The proposed approach is therefore directed at ensuring high reliability and availability of bio-MEMS and lab-on-a-chip systems, as they are increasingly deployed for safety-critical applications.
Fiber Structure Formation in High-speed Melt Spinning of Sheath-Core Type Bicomponent Fibers. (1995)

High-speed melt spinning of sheath-core type bicomponent fibers was performed and the change of fiber structure with increasing take-up velocity was investigated. Four kinds of polymers, poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET), polypropylene (PP), high-density polyethylene (PE) and polystyrene (PS), were selected and three sets of core/sheath combinations, PET/PP, PET/PE and PET/PS, were studied. The structure of each component in high-speed spun bicomponent fibers was analyzed through the birefringence, wide-angle X-ray scattering pattern and DSC thermogram measurements. The development of the molecular orientation and the starting of the orientationinduced crystallization of PET in PET/PP and PET/PE bicomponent fibers occurred at lower take-up velocities as compared to those in the single component spinning. On the other hand, PP in PET/PP fiber showed low orientation pseudo-hexagonal structure at all the take-up velocities investigated and the birefringence of PE in PET/PE fibers obtained at 6km/min was almost negligible, meaning fiber structure formation of PP and PE components was suppressed. On the contrary, in the PET/PS combination, structure formation of PET was suppressed and there was no indication of orientation-induced crystallization even at 7km/min. Oppositely, the molecular orientation of PS component was enhanced. The mechanism of the mutual interaction of two components on structure formation in the high-speed spinning of bicomponent fibers was speculated based on the characteristics of the constituent polymers, and it was concluded that the structure formation of a component having higher temperature-dependent elongational viscosity and higher solidification temperature is expected to be enhanced.
Supporting Spectators in Online Multiplayer Games (2004)

We examine network support for spectators in online multiplayer games. We consider how the associated challenges are different from those in traditional audio/video streaming. Specifically, we consider two problems: spectating (distributing the gaming stream reliably to spectators, who may outnumber the players by several orders of magnitude) and cheering (delivering the spectators’ audio cheers to the players as well as to other spectators). We point out the many unique challenges and opportunities for optimization that arise in this context in terms of resilience, bandwidth adaptation, and dynamically varying user interest. We outline a solution based on overlay networking and quantify some of our design arguments with a preliminary evaluation of Quake III, a popular first-person shooting game.
COX-2: A Target for Colon Cancer Prevention (2002)

Disease prevention is one area that both public and governmental agencies strongly support owing to its potential for an improved lifestyle and a reduction in health care costs. In this review, we focus on the clinical development of one target for cancer prevention, the COX-2 enzyme. This provides an excellent example of how basic research in biochemistry and pharmacology can lead to translational studies and eventually to approval of a drug by the FDA for use as a chemopreventive agent in humans. It is hoped that, as the genome sequence is understood more clearly, other targets will emerge that will provide even more effective drugs for future cancer prevention.
Reduction of Tumor Blood Flow by Flavone Acetic Acid: A Possible Component of Therapy (1989)

Flavone acetic acid (FAA) is active against normally refractory murine sc tumors. Clinical studies are disappointing despite achievement of plasma profiles associated with the antitumor murine activity in man. To clarify the mechanism of action, we have followed histologic changes, tumor blood volume, and drug concentrations in a well-differentiated, slow-growing cystic adenocarcinoma in mice. FAA causes massive tumor necrosis beginning 2 hours after treatment. Tumor plasma volumes are reduced by 2 hours after treatment and tumor blood vessels are shutdown, which suggests that tumor vasculature plays a role in the dramatic response of sc tumors in pure-strain male NMRI mice.
ALPK2 is crucial for luminal apoptosis and DNA repair-related gene expression in a three-dimensional colonic-crypt model. (2012)

Oncogenic KRAS signaling is dysregulated in a three-dimensional (3D)-specific manner in human colorectal cancer (CRC) HCT116 cells. However, the identity of the crucial genes which are down-regulated through oncogenic KRAS in 3D cultures remains unclear.We established a specific anti-alpha-kinase 2 (ALPK2) antibody and addressed the ALPK2 function in HKe3 cells, which are HCT116 cells with a disruption in oncogenic KRAS, in a 3D colonic-crypt model.In HKe3 cells grown in 3D culture, ALPK2 siRNA inhibited luminal apoptosis and reduced the expression of cleaved caspase-3. Furthermore, ALPK2 siRNA reduced the expression of DNA repair genes. Reduced expression of ALPK2 mRNA was found to be correlated with clinical colorectal adenomas in a public dataset of gene expression analyses.ALPK2, down-regulated by oncogenic KRAS, is crucial for luminal apoptosis and expression of DNA repair-related genes, possibly in the transition of normal colonic crypt to adenoma.
Data mining models as services on the internet (2000)

The goal of this article is to raise a debate on the usefulness of providing data mining models as services on the internet. These services can be provided by anyone with adequate d a t a and expertise and made available on the internet for anyone to use. For instance, Yahoo or Altavista, given their huge categorized document collection, can train a document classifier and provide the model as a service on the internet. This way d a t a mining can be made accessible to a wider audience instead of being limited to people with the data and the expertise. A host of practical problems need to be solved before this idea can be made to work. We identify them and close with an invitation for further debate and investigation.
Scoring of radiation‐induced microuclei in cytokinesis‐blocked human lymphocytes by automated image analysis (1994)

The micronucleus assay in human lymphocytes is, at present, frequently used to assess chromosomal damage caused by ionizing radiation or mutagens. Manual scoring of micronuclei (MN) by trained personnel is very time-consuming, tiring work, and the results depend on subjective interpretation of scoring criteria. More objective scoring can be accomplished only if the test can be automated. Furthermore, an automated system allows scoring of large numbers of cells, thereby increasing the statistical significance of the results. This is of special importance for screening programs for low doses of chromosome-damaging agents. In this paper, the first results of our effort to automate the micronucleus assay with an image-analysis system are represented. The method we used is described in detail, and the results are compared to those of other groups. Our system is able to detect 88% of the binucleated lymphocytes on the slides. The procedure consists of a fully automated localization of binucleated cells and counting of the MN within these cells, followed by a simple and fast manual operation in which the false positives are removed. Preliminary measurements for blood samples irradiated with a dose of 1 Gy X-rays indicate that the automated system can find 89% +/- 12% of the micronuclei within the binucleated cells compared to a manual screening.
Analysis of geographic queries in a search engine log (2008)

Geography is becoming increasingly important in web search. Search engines can often return better results to users by analyzing features such as user location or geographic terms in web pages and user queries. This is also of great commercial value as it enables location specific advertising and improved search for local businesses. As a result, major search companies have invested significant resources into geographic search technologies, also often called local search. This paper studies geographic search queries, i.e., text queries such as “hotel new york ” that employ geographical terms in an attempt to restrict results to a particular region or location. Our main motivation is to identify opportunities for improving geographical search and related technologies, and we perform an analysis of 36 million queries of the recently released AOL query trace. First, we identify typical properties of geographic search (geo) queries based on a manual examination of several thousand queries. Based on these observations, we build a classifier that separates the trace into geo and non-geo queries. We then investigate the properties of geo queries in more detail, and relate them to web sites and users associated with such queries. We also propose a new taxonomy for geographic search queries.
Electrochemical Properties of Si Film Electrodes Grown on Current Collectors with CuO Nanostructures for Thin-Film Microbatteries (2014)

Si film electrodes were deposited onto Cu foil current collectors fabricated with well-formed CuO nanostructures. The structural and electrochemical properties of the Cu foils oxidized for 1, 3, and 6 h and of the Si film electrodes were investigated using field-emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and charge/discharge tests. The morphologies and XRD profiles suggested that the oxidized Cu foils consisted of a top CuO layer and a bottom Cu2O layer. The surface roughness of the Cu foils decreased with increasing oxidation time since the flower-like CuO nanostructures weakly adhered to the surface were easily detached by ultrasonic cleaning. The cycle performance of the Si film electrode with the rougher CuO layer rapidly deteriorated, whereas the flat Cu2O layer showing a relatively high electric conductivity induced the formation of a dense Si film and improved the electrochemical performance of the Si film electrode.
Red cell NADP+ and NADPH in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. (1975)

Extraction in the presence of sodium hydroxide and cysteine allows estimates of NADPH and total NADP in human red cells without the erroneously high values of NADP+ obtained with earlier methods. An application of this technique to G6PD-deficient cells reveals that most of the nucleotide is in the oxidized form. In contrast, normal red cells have nearly all of the nucleotide in the reudced form. In addition to providing information concerning the intracellular regulation of the hexose monophosphate shunt, these findings support the concept that G6PD deficiency is a product-deficiency disorder.
CD9 plays a role in Schwann cell migration in vitro (1995)

To identify molecules that regulate Schwann cell migration, we have generated a panel of monoclonal antibodies against Schwann cell surface antigens that modulate Schwann cell migration in in vitro bioassays. One of these antibodies, SMRA1, recognizes a 26 kDa Schwann cell surface membrane protein identified here as CD9. SMRA1 enhances Schwann cell migration on two biologically relevant substrates: living axons of cultured dorsal root ganglion neurons, and cryostat sections of sciatic nerve. This CD9-induced regulation of Schwann cell motility is correlated with a rise in cytosolic calcium and enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation of several Schwann cell proteins. These results, together with the findings of Hadjiargyrou and Patterson (1994), implicate CD9 as an important regulator of Schwann cell behavior in peripheral nerve.
A case for dynamic sender-based reservations in the Internet (1998)

In this paper we discuss the need for resource reservation in the Internet and examine some of the strengths and weaknesses of RSVP, which is currently the most popular of Internet reservation protocols that have been developed. We also discuss some alternative reservation protocols for packet networks, in particular the ATM Block Transfer(ABT) reservation protocol that has been designed for use in Asynchronous Transfer Mode(ATM) networks and which uses `in-line&amp;apos; control packets to modify reservations `on the fly&amp;apos; to achieve very efficient bandwidth utilisation. Finally we present a proposal for a new reservation protocol, known as DRP(Dynamic Reservation Protocol) which combines many of the strengths of RSVP and ABT with few of the weaknesses to achieve a highly bandwidth-efficient reservation mechanism with excellent scalability with regards to round trip time, data rate and number of hosts. This paper was published in The Journal of High Speed Networks in late 1998. 2 Contents ...
Expression of platelet-derived growth factor and its receptors in proliferative disorders of fibroblastic origin. (1992)

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is known to stimulate the proliferation of connective tissue-derived cells in vitro. Less is known about its functions in vivo, and the role of PDGF in the development of human tumors has not been clarified. The authors have investigated the occurrence of PDGF and PDGF receptors in a series of proliferative disorders of fibroblastic origin using immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization techniques. High expression of PDGF beta-receptor mRNA and protein was found in the malignant tumors, and also in some benign lesions, such as dermatofibroma. In all these cases, benign as well as malignant, the PDGF B-chain mRNA, and less clearly, the PDGF A-chain mRNA, were coexpressed with the beta-receptor. In contrast, high expression of PDGF alpha-receptor mRNA was only found in fully malignant lesions, i.e., malignant fibrous histiocytoma. These data indicate that an autocrine growth stimulation via the PDGF beta-receptor could occur in an early phase of tumorigenesis, and may be a necessary but insufficient event for the progression into fully malignant human connective tissue lesions.