gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Noise measurements of series SQUID arrays (1993)

Series arrays of 50 gradiometer superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDS) and 100 magnetometer SQUIDs have been fabricated using Nb/AlO/sub x//Nb junctions with a planarized all-refractory technology for superconductivity (PARTS), the white noise of these arrays has been measured. The individual devices are 50-pH, 2-hole and 100-pH, 1-hole SQUIDs with integrated single turn input coils, 1- mu m/sup 2/ and 0.5- mu m/sup 2/ junctions, and PtRh shunt resistors. The input coil inductance of 10 nH will effectively match with a wide bandwidth to miniature pick-up loop structures for various experiments. Ideally, the coupled energy sensitivity should remain constant as devices are added in series, while the output impedance rises to a level practical for direct coupling to room-temperature electronics. The output impedance of the arrays is 250-1000 Omega . The white noise was measured directly with an ultra low noise preamplifier at room temperature. The best result was Phi /sub N/=0.12 mu Phi /sub 0// square root Hz with a corresponding coupled energy sensitivity of 56 h.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Exact partition functions of the ising model on L × L square lattices with free boundary conditions up to L = 22 (2013)

The exact partition functions of the Ising model on L × L square lattices with free boundary conditions are evaluated up to L = 22 for the first time by using a microcanonical transfer matrix and counting all possible spin states. The total number of states is 222×22 = 2484 ≈ 5.0 × 10145 for L = 22. Using the partition function zeros in the complex temperature plane of the Ising model on L× L square lattices with free boundary conditions, we analyze the critical behavior of the square-lattice Ising antiferromagnet and compare them with the results for periodic boundary conditions (the most popular boundary conditions). Our results show clearly that free boundary conditions are much more efficient than periodic boundary conditions in the study of an antiferromagnet.
Is primary prevention of Clostridium difficile infection possible with specific probiotics? (2012)

While potential flaws in study design were identified, a review of the available literature suggests that the primary prevention of CDI with specific probiotic agents may be achievable. Additional studies of sufficient size and with rigorous design are needed to confirm these findings.
Group Contention-Based OFDMA MAC Protocol for Multiple Access Interference-Free in WLAN Systems (2011)

In WLAN systems, the difference in propagation delay among stations (STAs) can exceed the predefined cyclic prefix length, leading to multiple access interference (MAI). To solve this MAI problem, it is necessary to use a longer cyclic prefix length for orthogonality between different subchannels; however, this sacrifices system efficiency due to the cyclic prefix overhead. In this paper, we propose a group contention-based OFDMA to solve the MAI problem with an adequate cyclic prefix length and support a larger number of STAs. The STAs within the cyclic prefix duration that are synchronized to an access point (AP), are included in the same contending group and compete with other STAs of the group in transmitting packets. The proposed scheme allows for the adoption of an adequate cyclic prefix length without MAI, and is able to reduce the cyclic prefix overhead. In addition, since no packet errors are induced by MAI in any of the STAs, the STAs can transmit simultaneously without redundant short interframe spaces (SIFSs) and other control packets. Through analysis and simulation, we show that for a large number of STAs, the proposed scheme achieves higher throughput than 802.11 protocols and a conventional CSMA combined with OFDMA.
Enabling single-mode behavior over large areas with photonic Dirac cones (2012)

Many of graphene's unique electronic properties emerge from its Dirac-like electronic energy spectrum. Similarly, it is expected that a nanophotonic system featuring Dirac dispersion (two conical bands touching at a single point, the so-called Dirac point) will open a path to a number of important research avenues. To date, however, all proposed realizations of a photonic analog of graphene lack fully omnidirectional out-of-plane light confinement, which has prevented creating truly realistic implementations of this class of systems able to mimic the two-dimensional transport properties of graphene. Here we report on a novel route to achieve all-dielectric three-dimensional photonic materials featuring Dirac-like dispersion in a quasi-two-dimensional system. We further discuss how this finding could enable a dramatic enhancement of the spontaneous emission coupling efficiency (the β-factor) over large areas, defying the common wisdom that the β-factor degrades rapidly as the size of the system increases. These results might enable general new classes of large-area ultralow-threshold lasers, single-photon sources, quantum information processing devices and energy harvesting systems.
The effect of weight loss with or without exercise training on large artery compliance in healthy obese men (1999)

Background Obesity is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Large artery compliance is thought to be associated with cardiovascular risk. The effect of weight loss on large artery compliance is not yet clarified. Objective To investigate the effect of weight loss, with or without exercise, on vessel wall properties in healthy obese men. Design This was a pair-matched randomized intervention study. All subjects were on an energy-restricted diet. One subject from each pair was also on an exercise programme. Measurements were performed before and at the end of the study period. The study lasted for 3 months. Methods The vessel wall properties of the brachial and common carotid artery were assessed using a vessel wall movement detector system in combination with applanation tonometry. Results The mean body mass index was 32.3 ± 0.4 kg/m2 and decreased (P <0.001) to 27.6 ± 0.4 kg/mm2 during the study. The mean blood pressure decreased (P <0.001) by 6%. At operating pressures, cartotid artery distensibility was 27.5 ± 1.7 ± 10−3/kPa at the start of the study and 31.1 ± 1.8 ± 10−3/kPa (P <0.04) at the end of the study. Brachial and carotid artery compliances were 0.11 ± 0.01 and 1.35 ± 0.08 mm2/kPa at the start of the study and tended to increase to 0.12 ± 0.001 (P = 0.06) and 1.48 ± 0.08 mm2/kPa (P = 0.057), respectively, at the end of the study. Isobaric compliance did not change. The diet-and-exercise group did not differ statistically from the only-diet group in the effects on weight loss, blood pressure and arterial compliance. Conclusion This study shows that weight loss increased carotid artery distensibility at operating pressures, but not under isobaric conditions. This increase is probably due to the decrease in blood pressure. The addition of exercise did not result in an additional effect within 3 months.
Channel reservation for high rate service in cellular networks (2002)

This paper proposes and analyzes the performance of admission control policy (ACP) of mixed traffic wireless cellular networks. The fact that different services require different bandwidth to carry a call is considered. Two-dimensional Markov chain models are developed to obtain the blocking probability of each type of call under the ACP of interest. Reducing handoff blocking of the service requiring wider bandwidth is discussed, and its cost on the rest of calls is examined. The ACP with channel reservation shows its effectiveness in meeting different design requirements. Their performance under different traffic distribution are also investigated. Finally, we extend the priority to all wide band service calls to reduce their blocking probability.
Applying a service-on-demand policy management framework to an ETTx environment (2004)

This paper presents a service on demand management framework to support dynamic service creation, and a system which instantiates this framework for an Ethernet-To-The-Home/Business (ETTx) service environment. The service-on-demand framework delivers two major functions: (1) it allows service providers to create new types of service dynamically through a policy-driven "service building" process; (2) it allows end users to subscribe to a service and have their service orders fulfilled in a fully automated, near real time, and "zero touch" fashion. We have applied this framework to build an industrial strength service fulfillment system geared towards ETTx access networks. Those networks represent one of the most dynamic service creation environments today.
Reduction of switching current density in perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions by tuning the anisotropy of the CoFeB free layer (2012)

The spin torque switching behavior of perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions consisting of a CoFeB free layer and a CoFeB/Ru/(Co/Pd)n exchanged coupled fixed layer is investigated. At first, the Ru and CoFeB layer thickness is tuned in the CoFeB/Ru/(Co/Pd)n structure to form a ferromagnetically exchange coupled structure with a strong PMA at an annealing treatment of 325 °C for 1 h. Then it is shown that that the CoFeB free layer thickness plays an important role in the switching current density. The switching current density decreases with the increase of the CoFeB free layer thickness. A minimum switching current density of 1.87 MA/cm2 is achieved for a device with 60 nm diameter. The mechanism involved in the switching current reduction with the decrease of CoFeB free layer thickness is also studied.
Desktop multimedia communications-breaking the chains (2002)

It is noted that desktop multimedia is achievable today only if it is confined to a single personal computer using direct connections to laser disks, CD-ROMS, and other multimedia data sources. It is suggested that, in order to make multimedia data and services available to individuals connected via local and wide-area networks, special operating system hardware and software are needed. Special network management and services will be required to support bandwidth allocation, time (latency and synchronization) control, and data format conversion. The large bandwidths and real-time characteristics of multimedia affect network requirements. In addition, support in operating system software, dedicated hardware, application interfaces, and new internal buses are required to extend media off of the desktop and into the network.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Experience With Local Gastric Cooling (1964)

The gravity and complexity of problems encountered in the management of patients bleeding severely from the upper gastrointestinal tract have prompted numerous studies of the factors involved.<sup>1-7</sup>Many diverse approaches toward the treatment of such patients have resulted. Since the criteria of "massive hemorrhage" and the indications for operative treatment have not been uniform, it is difficult to draw firm conclusions from these reports. A few common factors have emerged. The patient who bleeds acutely, and who may present with a normal hemoglobin and hematocrit in the face of a 30% or greater reduction in blood volume, requires earlier and more aggressive therapy than one who bleeds slowly enough to permit some compensatory hemodilution. The patient who has serious concomitant disease is in far greater jeopardy from hemorrhage than an otherwise healthy person who suffers loss of blood to the same extent. Early surgical intervention appears helpful, especially when
Radar aided beam alignment in MmWave V2I communications supporting antenna diversity (2016)

Millimeter wave (mmWave) communication is the only viable approach for high bandwidth connected vehicles exchanging raw sensor data. A main challenge for mmWave in connected vehicles, is that it requires frequent link reconfiguration in mobile environments, which is a source of high overhead. In this paper we introduce the concept of radar aided mmWave vehicular communication. Side information derived from radar mounted on the infrastructure operating in a given mmWave band is used to adapt the beams of the vehicular communication system operating in another millimeter wave band. We propose a set of algorithms to perform the beam alignment task in a vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) scenario, from extracting information from the radar signal to configuring the beams that illuminate the different antennas in the vehicle. Simulation results confirm that radar can be a useful source of side information that helps configure the mmWave V2I link.
A Distributed Architecture for Multimedia Conference Control (1991)

Abstract : MMCC, the multimedia conference control program, is a window-based tool for conference management. It serves as an application interface to the ISI/BBN teleconferencing system, where it is used not only to orchestrate multisite conferences, but also to provide local and remote audio and video control, and to interact with other conference-oriented tools that support shared workspaces. The motivation for this paper is to document the design, operation and continued evolution of MMCC. After presenting the context for this work, we provide a discussion of MMCC's peer-to-peer model of communication and an overview of its connection control protocol. Issues are also raised about heterogeneity, robust services, scalability and the impact of conferencing over the Internet. A description of the system's regular use offers insights into the feasibility of the architecture. Finally, future directions for research in multimedia conference control are presented.
Pharmacokinetic interrelationships of irinotecan (CPT-11) and its three major plasma metabolites in patients enrolled in phase I/II trials. (1997)

Irinotecan (CPT-11) is an analogue of 20(S)-camptothecin with promising activity against several tumor types. In patients, CPT-11 is metabolized to 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN-38) and to the beta-glucuronide of SN-38. Recently, we identified an additional metabolite of CPT-11, 7-ethyl-10-[4-N-(5-aminopentanoic acid)-1-piperidino] carbonyloxycamptothecin (APC; L. P. Rivory et al. , Cancer Res., 56: 3689-3694, 1996). The aim of this study was to investigate the interrelationships of all four compounds to identify factors that might be responsible for the large interpatient variability in CPT-11 and SN-38 kinetics. The plasma kinetics of CPT-11, SN-38, the beta-glucuronide of SN-38, and APC were studied in 19 patients for a total of 33 cycles (115-600 mg/m2). Although the area under the concentration curves (AUCs) of all compounds studied increased with dose, there was considerable variability. Ratios of the AUCs of the appropriate compounds were used as estimates of the major routes of metabolism (conversion of CPT-11 to SN-38, metabolism of CPT-11 to APC, and glucuronidation of SN-38). Each ratio varied more than 10-fold across the patient population, and the apparent extent of conversion of CPT-11 to SN-38 was highest at the 115 mg/m2 dose level. Interestingly, AUCSN-38 was greater in patients with both high AUCCPT-11 and AUCAPC. We conclude that the variability of the pharmacokinetics of CPT-11 and SN-38 is likely to be due to extensive interpatient differences in the pathways implicated in the metabolism of CPT-11.
&lt;title&gt;High-resolution image reconstruction from a sequence of rotated and translated infrared images&lt;/title&gt; (1997)

Some imaging systems employ detector arrays which are not sufficiently dense so as to meet the Nyquist criteria during image acquisition. This is particularly true for many staring infrared images. Thus, the full resolution afforded by the optics is not being realized in such a system. This paper presents a technique for estimating a high resolution image, with reduced aliasing, from a sequence of undersampled rotated and translationally shifted frames. Such an image sequence can be obtained if an imager is mounted on a moving platform, such as an aircraft. Several approaches to this type of problem have been proposed in the literature. Here we extend some of this previous work. In particular, we define an observation model which incorporates knowledge of the optical system and detector array. The high resolution image estimate is formed by minimizing a regularized cost function which is based on the observation model. We consider both gradient descent and conjugate gradient optimization procedures to minimize the cost function. We show that the conjugate gradient optimization provides rapid convergence. Detailed experimental results are provided to illustrate the performance of the proposed algorithm using both visible and infrared images. Quantitative error analysis is provided and several images are shown for subjective evaluation.
뇌교육 기반 민주시민의식 향상 프로그램이 통합학급 고등학생의 민주시민의식에 미치는 효과 (2020)

본 연구의 목적은 뇌교육에 기반한 민주시민의식 향상 프로그램을 개발하고, 통합학급 학생들에게 적용하여 그 효과를 검증하는 데 있다. 연구대상은 P시에 소재한 고등학교 2학년 통합학급 학생 48명(3학급, 각 학급 당 비장애학생 15명, 장애학생 1명)이고, 실험집단, 비교집단, 통제집단으로 구성하여 실험집단에 프로그램을 총 18회 실시하였다. 자료의 양적 분석은 공분산분석(ANCOVA)을 실시하였으며, 질적 분석을 위해 소감문 작성 및 면담을 하였다. 연구결과, 민주시민의식 검사의 하위 요인 중, 인간존중, 자율성 그리고 민주시민의식 전체에서 실험 집단이 통제집단보다 유의미한 긍정적 효과를 보였고, 참여의식은 실험집단이 다른 두 집단보다 유의미하게 높은 점수를 보였으나, 준법성, 합리적 의사결정과 개방성에서는 집단 간의 유의미한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 프로그램 만족도에서 비장애학생들의 지적장애학생 A에 대한 이해와 태도 면에서 긍정적으로 변화를 보고하였다. 지적장애학생 A 또한 프로그램 만족도가 높았으며, 비장애학생과 정서적으로 안정된 소통과 자연스러운 자기표현 등의 긍정적인 변화가 관찰되었다. 이러한 결과는 뇌교육 기반 민주시민의식 향상 프로그램이 통합학급 고등학생들의 민주시민의식 향상에 효과적인 방안이 될 수 있음을 시사한다.
Mendel’s dwarfing gene: cDNAs from the <i>Le</i> alleles and function of the expressed proteins (1997)

The major gibberellin (GA) controlling stem elongation in pea (Pisum sativum L.) is GA1, which is formed from GA20 by 3beta-hydroxylation. This step, which limits GA1 biosynthesis in pea, is controlled by the Le locus, one of the original Mendelian loci. Mutations in this locus result in dwarfism. We have isolated cDNAs encoding a GA 3beta-hydroxylase from lines of pea carrying the Le, le, le-3, and led alleles. The cDNA sequences from le and le-3 each contain a base substitution resulting in single amino acid changes relative to the sequence from Le. The cDNA sequence from led, a mutant derived from an le line, contains both the le "mutation" and a single-base deletion, which causes a shift in reading frame and presumably a null mutation. cDNAs from each line were expressed in Escherichia coli. The expression product for the clone from Le converted GA9 to GA4, and GA20 to GA1, with Km values of 1.5 microM and 13 microM, respectively. The amino acid substitution in the clone from le increased Km for GA9 100-fold and reduced conversion of GA20 to almost nil. Expression products from le and le-3 possessed similar levels of 3beta-hydroxylase activity, and the expression product from led was inactive. Our results suggest that the 3beta-hydroxylase cDNA is encoded by Le. Le transcript is expressed in roots, shoots, and cotyledons of germinating pea seedlings, in internodes and leaves of established seedlings, and in developing seeds.
An Optical Probe for Noninvasive Molecular Imaging of Orthotopic Brain Tumors Overexpressing Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (2012)

We have developed a near-infrared (NIR) probe that targets cells overexpressing the EGF receptor (EGFR) for imaging glioblastoma brain tumors in live subjects. A peptide specific for the EGFR was modified with various lengths of monodiscrete polyethylene glycol (PEG) units and a NIR Cy5.5 fluorescence dye. The lead compound, compound 2, with one unit of PEG displayed good binding (8.9 μmol/L) and cellular uptake in glioblastoma cells overexpressing EGFR in vitro. The in vivo studies have shown that the probe was able to selectively label glioblastoma-derived orthotopic brain tumors. In vivo image analyses of peptide binding to the tumors using fluorescence-mediated molecular tomography revealed that the compound could distinguish between tumors expressing different levels of EGFR. The data presented here represent the first demonstration of differential quantitation of tumors expressing EGFR in live animals by a targeted NIR fluorescence probe using a molecular imaging device.
Cavity opto-mechanics (2008)

Two device geometries that enable structural coexistence are micro-mechanical and optical resonators. In one geometry, a micro-cantilever mechanical resonator also functions as a mirror in a high-finesse optical cavity. In a second, opto-mechanical coexistence takes the form of a micron-scale silica toroid that exhibits both high-Q radio-frequency mechanical resonances and optical resonances.
Electrochemical oxidation of sulfite ions in aqueous solutions (2004)

Gaseous pollutants that affect human health, destroy vegetation and damage materials and art treasures can be converted into harmless components by electrochemical reactions. Electrochemical gas purification methods can be applied basically in two steps. In the first step, gases to be removed are absorbed in an aqueous electrolyte. Then, in the second step, they can be converted into harmless components via electrochemical oxidation or electrochemical reduction. This study investigated the feasibility of electrochemical removal of sulfite ions arising from the absorption of sulfur dioxide in an aqueous electrolyte. The removal efficiency, current efficiency, and energy consumption were determined at different initial sulfite ion and electrolyte concentrations and applied currents. Furthermore, linear sweep voltammetry studies were performed using a graphite electrode in sulfuric acid. It has been concluded from all these experiments that sulfur dioxide can successfully be removed using an electrochemical method.
Joint inversion approaches for geophysical electromagnetic and elastic full-waveform data (2012)

We present joint inversion approaches for integrating controlled source electromagnetic data and seismic full-waveform data for geophysical applications. The first approach is the joint petrophysical inversion carried out by reconstructing petrophysical parameters such as porosity and saturations instead of the usual geophysical parameters such as resistivity, seismic velocities and mass density. This approach utilizes the strong correlation between the electromagnetic and seismic parameters through the petrophysical relationships. Another approach that does not require the a priori petrophysical correlation is the joint structural inversion method. In this approach, the inversion is carried out by employing a regularization function for enforcing the structural similarity between the resistivity and the seismic velocities and the mass density. In this method, we employ the cross-gradient function, which has been shown on many occasions to be quite effective. By using a time-lapse reservoir monitoring example, we show that both joint inversion approaches produce results that are superior to those obtained by disjointed inversions. Hence, these joint inversions have great potential to be the next-generation tools for reservoir characterization and monitoring.
Color Stereophotolithography: A Method of 3-D Color Imaging (1996)

3-D color stereophotolithography is based on the classic laser stereophoto-lithography technique, but it needs several reactors containing colored resins instead of just one containing a commercial resin. By moving the incident laser beam in each reactor for each color, one can create color parts of very fine quality. This could be applied to the manufacture of 3-D color objects conceived in the computer-aided design process. This new technique should be very attractive in fine arts, architecture, etc.