gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunomagnetic detection of micrometastatic cells in bone marrow of colorectal cancer patients. (2002)

Detection of micrometastatic cells in bone marrow (BM) may potentially be of prognostic value in colorectal cancer (CRC). In the present study, we have evaluated our immunomagnetic detection method in model experiments and on BM samples from CRC patients. In repeated experiments, 11 of 12 CRC cell lines consistently bound MOC31 antibody-coated magnetic particles with an average of 98% of the cells being rosetted with the beads. When different numbers of CRC cells (20, 100, 200, and 1000) were admixed to 1 x 10(7) mononuclear cells (MNCs) from BM, a mean of 77% of the cancer cells was recovered. In BM samples obtained from CRC patients at primary surgery, rosetted tumor cells were detected in 46 of 275 samples (17%) upon screening of 2 x 10(7) MNCs/sample. The fractions positive were: 10% (5 of 49) in Dukes' A; 17% (20 of 115) in Dukes' B; 23% (18 of 78) in Dukes' C; and 9% (3 of 33) in Dukes' D. Of 206 control samples, three (1.5%) contained cells in BM that formed rosettes with the MOC31 beads. In positive samples, a median of eight tumor cells (range, 2-120) were identified per 20-microl examined fraction, representing about one-tenth of the total sample. The results demonstrate the feasibility of using the immunomagnetic method for detection of micrometastatic CRC cells. Furthermore, that screening of 2 x 10(7) MNCs in a BM sample can be completed in <3 h makes the method an attractive alternative to other techniques.
Compact High Power Microwave Generation (2008)

Abstract : The mission of the Army is evolving, which means that the weapon systems required must evolve as well. This will require a new class of munitions with either enhanced lethality or less-than-lethal capability. This requires that we develop new technologies. In order to test these new technologies to ascertain their capabilities, we need suitable test beds. One such test bed that will allow us to evaluate new types of explosive pulsed power devices, power conditioning systems, high power microwave as well as other directed energy sources, and radiators is described in this paper.
Prostaglandin E2 promotes B lymphocyte Ig isotype switching to IgE. (1995)

The mechanism by which PG of the E series (PGE) promote murine B lymphocyte IgE production was investigated. We previously reported that PGE, and other agents that increase intracellular cAMP, synergize with IL-4 and LPS to induce IgE and IgG1 production while inhibiting IgM and IgG3 synthesis. These data suggested that PGE may promote IL-4-induced class switching, but the mechanism by which PGE increases IgE synthesis remained obscure. We report here that 1) PGE increases (up to 14-fold) the number of splenic B cells secreting IgE, even though PGE mildly inhibits proliferation. 2) PGE acts on sorted surface IgM positive B cells, consistent with PGE acting on uncommitted B cells to promote class switching to IgE. 3) PGE synergizes with IL-4 to induce germline epsilon transcripts, demonstrating that PGE acts at the level of transcription in cells that have not yet switched to IgE. 4) In the presence of PGE, rearranged mature V(D)J epsilon mRNA transcripts can be detected earlier and at higher levels than with IL-4 and LPS alone. Taken together, these data provide strong evidence that PGE synergizes with IL-4 and LPS to direct isotype switching to the epsilon heavy chain gene in purified B lymphocytes. PGE is a potentially important in vivo immunoregulator, particularly with regard to IgE production and the genesis of allergy. In support of this hypothesis, there are numerous clinical conditions (hyper-IgE, trauma, sepsis, Hodgkin's lymphoma, arthritis) in which overproduction of PGE is coincident with elevated IgE titers.
An Inexpensive, Simple, and Manual Method of CD4 T-Cell Quantitation in HIV-Infected Individuals for Use in Developing Countries (2004)

CD4+ T lymphocytes are currently the most common surrogate marker indicating immune status and disease progression with HIV infection. The cost of monitoring disease progression and response to therapy is still prohibitively expensive. Flow cytometry is the gold standard for the estimation of CD4+, but the high initial investment for this technology and expensive reagents makes it unaffordable for developing countries like India. We evaluated the Coulter cytosphere assay for quantifying CD4+ T lymphocytes in comparison with the standard method, flow cytometry, in 122 HIV-infected individuals. The correlation coefficient of the cytosphere assay compared with that of flow cytometry for CD4+ T lymphocytes was 0.97 (P< 0.0001), with a confidence interval of 0.95 to 0.98. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the cytosphere assay in enumerating absolute CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts of less than 200/microL were 94.9%, 96.4%, 92.5%, and 97.6%, respectively. This is a simple inexpensive method and has a strong correlation with flow cytometry. Hence, the cytosphere assay can be an alternate to flow cytometry for the estimation of CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts, especially in resource-poor settings of developing countries, for monitoring HIV progression and response to therapy.
Anti-inflammatory Activities of .ALPHA.-Truxillic Acid Derivatives and Their Monomer Components (2005)

The anti-inflammatory activities of alpha-truxillic acid (1) and 4,4'-dihydroxy-alpha-truxillic acid (2) as well as their monomer components (E)-cinnamic acid (3) and (E)-p-coumaric acid (4) were evaluated in the formalin test. alpha-Truxillic acid (1) and its derivative 4,4'-dihydroxy-alpha-truxillic acid (2) exhibited significant activity against inflammatory pain response, while their monomer components (E)-cinnamic acid (3) and (E)-p-coumaric acid (4) did not show any activity against either neurogenic or inflammatory pain responses induced by formalin in mice. These results suggested that the dimeric structure might play an important role for the expression of anti-inflammatory activity. Furthermore, in order to gain information on their potencies, their anti-inflammatory activities were compared with that of incarvillateine (5) which contains the same dimeric structure and showed more potent antinociceptive activity than morphine in the formalin test. The activities of alpha-truxillic acid (1) and 4,4'-dihydroxy-alpha-truxillic acid (2) at the dose of 40 mg/kg against inflammatory pain response were equal to that of incarvillateine at doses of 20 mg/kg.
Bis(2,4-dimethylpentadienyl)titanium: an open titanocene (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBis(2,4-dimethylpentadienyl)titanium: an open titanoceneJu Zheng Liu and Richard D. ErnstCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 13, 3737–3739Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00377a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00377a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views179Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Isolation of a novel gene, TSP50, by a hypomethylated DNA fragment in human breast cancer. (1999)

A novel gene, testes-specific protease 50 (TSP50), was isolated from a human testes cDNA library by using a genomic DNA probe, BR50. BR50 was isolated by a modified representational difference analysis (RDA) technique due to its hypomethylated feature in a breast cancer biopsy. This altered DNA methylation status was also detected by BR50 in other breast and some ovarian cancer tissues. The TSP50 gene product is a homologue to several human proteases, which indicates that it may encode a protease-like protein. Northern analysis of 16 different types of normal human tissues suggests that TSP50 was highly and specifically expressed in human testes, which indicates that it might possess a unique biological function(s) in that organ. Methylation status analysis in normal human testes and other tissues showed a correlation between DNA methylation and gene expression. Most importantly, reverse transcription-PCR analysis of 18 paired breast cancer tissues found that in 28% of the cancer samples, the TSP50 gene was differentially expressed. The possibility that TSP50 may be an oncogene is presently under investigation.
Improving broadcast news transcription with a precision grammar and discriminative reranking (2009)

We propose a new approach of integrating a precision grammar into speech recognition. The approach is based on a novel robust parsing technique and discriminative reranking. By reranking 100-best output of the LIMSI German broadcast news transcription system we achieved a significant reduction of the word error rate by 9.6% relative. To our knowledge, this is the first significant improvement for a real-world broad-domain speech recognition task due to a precision grammar. Index Terms: speech recognition, precision grammar
Parametric curves, surfaces and volumes in computer graphics and computer-aided geometric design (1981)

This document has four purposes. It is a tutorial in parametric curve and surface representations, it describes a number of algorithms for generating both shaded and line-drawn pictures of bivariate surfaces and trivariate volumes, it explicitly gives transformations between all of the widely used curve and surface representations, and it proposes a solution to the problem of displaying the results of three-dimensional flow-field calculations.
Differential regulation of PD-L1 expression by immune and tumor cells in NSCLC and the response to treatment with atezolizumab (anti–PD-L1) (2018)

Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression on tumor cells (TCs) by immunohistochemistry is rapidly gaining importance as a diagnostic for the selection or stratification of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) most likely to respond to single-agent checkpoint inhibitors. However, at least two distinct patterns of PD-L1 expression have been observed with potential biological and clinical relevance in NSCLC: expression on TC or on tumor-infiltrating immune cells (ICs). We investigated the molecular and cellular characteristics associated with PD-L1 expression in these distinct cell compartments in 4,549 cases of NSCLC. PD-L1 expression on IC was more prevalent and likely reflected IFN-γ-induced adaptive regulation accompanied by increased tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and effector T cells. High PD-L1 expression on TC, however, reflected an epigenetic dysregulation of the PD-L1 gene and was associated with a distinct histology described by poor immune infiltration, sclerotic/desmoplastic stroma, and mesenchymal molecular features. Importantly, durable clinical responses to atezolizumab (anti-PD-L1) were observed in patients with tumors expressing high PD-L1 levels on either TC alone [40% objective response rate (ORR)] or IC alone (22% ORR). Thus, PD-L1 expression on TC or IC can independently attenuate anticancer immunity and emphasizes the functional importance of IC in regulating the antitumor T cell response.
Channel Model for Train to Train Communication Using the 400 MHz Band (2008)

This paper presents a channel model for direct train- to-train communication appropriate for the 400 MHz band. Extrapolation of theoretical and experimental results obtained for the planning of other railway communication systems like GSM-R is not obvious due to the difference in frequencies, antenna height and absence of base stations. In this paper, the analysis of the channel model covers different radio phenomena including path loss, Doppler, fading, and delay spread. Concretely we consider three scenarios (train stations, shunting yards and regional networks), for which the propagation channel characteristics are discussed. Furthermore, influence of special railway environments like cuttings which can be found near cities and towns, tunnels and bridges are encountered.
DIfferential subsampling with cartesian ordering (DISCO): A high spatio‐temporal resolution dixon imaging sequence for multiphasic contrast enhanced abdominal imaging (2012)

DISCO effectively captures the fast dynamics of abdominal pathology such as hyperenhancing hepatic lesions with a high spatio-temporal resolution. Typically, 1.1 × 1.5 × 3 mm spatial resolution over 60 slices was achieved with a temporal resolution of 4-5 s.
An N-path filter enhanced low phase noise ring VCO (2014)

A novel self-filtering scheme breaks the typical tradeoff between noise and power, enabling a ring oscillator to approach the phase noise performance of an LC oscillator. The prototype N-path filter enhanced voltage-controlled ring oscillator (NPFRVCO) achieves a measured phase noise of −110dBc/Hz at a 1MHz offset frequency for an oscillation frequency of 1.0GHz. The self-clocked N-path filter reduces the phase noise by 10dB and 28dB for 1.0GHz and 300MHz oscillation frequencies, respectively. Implemented in 65nm CMOS, the NPFRVCO occupies a die area of 0.015 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and consumes 4.7mW from 1.2V power supply when operating at 1.0GHz. The NPFRVCO has a measured frequency tuning range from 300MHz to 1.6GHz and achieves a FoM of 163dB at 1MHz offset.
Seam carving for stereo images (2010)

We propose a content-preserving stereo image editing technique by using stereo extension of seam carving. Seam carving is the process of deleting or duplicating connected paths, or seams, that consist of less important pixels in order to resize the image while preserving the image content as much as possible. The problem targeted in this paper is how to apply the seam carving method to a pair of stereo images, where the consistency between the left and right images should also be preserved through the seam carving process. For this consistency, we introduce new energy terms. Based on these energy terms, seam pairs between the input images are classified into two types, corresponding seams in order to maintain consistency or occluded seams to change the consistency intentionally. The novelty of this paper is that stereo matching results are fused into the framework in the seam carving. We demonstrate that by selecting seams in an appropriate way we can virtually manipulate the depths of objects in the scene.
“Meshed-Bag Gathered-Bunch” Method for Solid-Phase Synthesis of Small Molecular Diverse Compounds (2002)

A new "Meshed-Bag Gathered-Bunch" technology for the solid-phase synthesis of chemical libraries was developed. Using such technology, we synthesized muramyl dipeptide mimetics including derivatives at the N- and C-terminus, cyclic muramyl dipeptide mimetics, muramyl dipeptide and Tuftsin's analogue conjugates. The advantages of such a method include ease of manufacture, low unit cost of production, the physical encoding method, and the compatibility with both parallel and "split-mix" approaches.
<i>The</i>UNIX<i>System</i>: The Evolution of the<i>UNIX</i>Time-sharing System (1984)

This paper presents a brief history of the early development of the UNIX™ operating system. It concentrates on the evolution of the file system, the process-control mechanism, and the idea of pipelined commands. Some attention is paid to social conditions during the development of the system. This paper is reprinted from Lecture Notes on Computer Science, No. 79, Language Design and Programming Methodology, Springer-Verlag, 1980. During the past few years, the UNIX operating system has come into wide use, so wide that its very name has become a trademark of Bell Laboratories. Its important characteristics have become known to many people. It has suffered much rewriting and tinkering since the first publication describing it in 1974, <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> but few fundamental changes. However, UNIX was born in 1969 not 1974, and the account of its development makes a little-known and perhaps instructive story. This paper presents a technical and social history of the evolution of the system.
The Next Revolution: Free, Full, Open Person-2-Person (P2P) E-commerce (2000)

Our goal here is to present a long-term perspective on the evolution of a new, fine-grained type of e-commerce on the internet. We begin with a motivating scenario. Abuelita wants to buy the latest Neal Stephenson cypherpunk thriller. Almost without thinking, she visits the website of riverofbooks.com, a “category killer ” e-tailer. She quickly finds what she wants, and with a few easy clicks, has purchased the book for $28.99, plus $4.99 shipping and handling. She can’t wait for the book to arrive in 3 business days. Later that day, she rides her bicycle over to the local mall to buy herself a smoothie, and peeks in the window of local used-book seller, where a Lute concert is underway. Imagine her chagrin when she notices that the very same book is on sale in the window for $14.99, plus $2.61 in local taxes! She could have had the book, and supported her local book store (and the lute concert!). Bah humbug, she says to herself. What good is the internet, if it can’t tell me that the same book is on sale in my local used bookstore for less? Abuelita’s problem will be solved with the advent of person-to-person (P2P) e-commerce. She would have simply described what she wanted to buy; her local bookseller would also be continuously updating its on-line description of what it has to sell; the infra-structure would handle the rest, and notify Abuelita that the book she wanted was a short bike-ride away. Our basic position is that the current
Towards scalable location-aware services (2003)

The emergence of location-aware services calls for new real time spatio-temporal query processing algorithms that deal with large numbers of mobile objects and queries. Online query response is an important characterization of location-aware services. A delay in the answer to a query gives invalid and obsolete results, simply because moving objects can change their locations before the query responds. To handle large numbers of spatio-temporal queries efficiently, we propose the idea of sharing as a means to achieve scalability. In this paper, we introduce several types of sharing in the context of continuous spatio-temporal queries. Examples of sharing in the context of real-time spatio-temporal database systems include sharing the execution, sharing the underlying space, sharing the sliding time windows, and sharing the objects of interest. We demonstrate how sharing can be integrated into query predicates, e.g., selection and spatial join processing. The goal of this paper is to outline research directions and approaches that will lead to scalable and efficient location-aware services.
Miniature lensless computational infrared imager (2016)

We describe a lensless computational far-field imager that responds to thermal infrared light (8&#x2013;14 &#x3BC;m) and comprises a spiral binary phase grating integrated with an 80 &#xD7; 80-pixel microbolometer array followed by Fourier-domain computational image reconstruction. We believe this is the first hardware demonstration of computational diffractive imaging in thermal infrared.
Search result visualisation with xFIND (2002)

The xFIND gatherer-broker architecture provides a wealth of metadata, which can be used to provide sophisticated search functionality. Local or remote documents are indexed and summaries and metadata are stored on an xFIND broker (server). An xFIND client can search a particular broker and access rich metadata for search result presentation, without having to fetch the original documents themselves. Search result sets are not only presented as a traditional ranked list, but also in an interactive scatterplot (Search Result Explorer) and using dynamic thematic clustering (VisIslands).
The growing HIV pandemic. (2005)

Well into the third decade of the HIV pandemic, there is still no cure on the horizon and recent results of preventive vaccine studies have been disappointing. HIV diagnoses continue to escalate and a significant proportion of individuals with HIV remain undiagnosed. New antiretroviral treatments have extended the life expectancy of those infected with HIV in developed countries, although the vast number of individuals in low-resource settings have no access at all. Recent prevention initiatives include community studies of vaginal and rectal microbicides, and the provision of antiretrovirals for post-exposure prophylaxis following sexual exposure (PEPSE). Other developments are discussed to provide practitioners with an update on the contemporary issues related to HIV/AIDS.
Pharmacological characterization of the human P2Y4 receptor (1996)

The P2Y4 receptor is a new member of the P2Y family which functionally behaves as a pyrimidinergic receptor. The pharmacological properties of the human P2Y4 receptor have been characterized following its stable expression in 1321N1 astrocytoma cells. UTP induced a biphasic accumulation of inositol trisphosphates, with an early peak at 30 s followed by a smaller but more sustained accumulation. ATP was a pure antagonist at early times and later behaved as a partial agonist. At 20 min, the rank order of potency of various nucleotides was the following: UTP > UDP = deoxy UTP > 5-bromo-UTP > ITP > ATP. Diadenosine polyphosphates also stimulated the production of inositol trisphosphates (after 20 min), more potently than ATP, but their maximal effect represented only 20-25% of that of UTP. Pyridoxal-phosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulphonic acid inhibited strongly the UTP response, whereas suramin was inactive and reactive blue 2 had an intermediate effect. Pertussis toxin inhibited the response to UTP at early times (62 +/- 5% inhibition at 30 s), but its effect was no longer observed at 5 or 20 min. It is speculated that the P2Y4 receptor can exist in two distinct activation states differing in terms of time-course, specificity for uridine nucleotides and G-protein coupling.
Quantitative Determination of CMV DNA Using a Combination of Competitive PCR Amplification and Sandwich Hybridization (1998)

A quantitative PCR method is proposed that combines the use of a competitive internal standard with the sandwich hybridization of the products. The variability of the PCR efficiency was corrected using a specifically designed internal standard, competitive not only for the PCR amplification, but also for the hybridization on capture probes fixed onto microwells. The design of such standard gave a dynamic range extending from 30-1 million copies of target DNA when the internal standard copy number was fixed to 1000 using a simple colorimetric detection. The assay was independent from the number of PCR cycles, which indicates a true competition between the standard and the template DNA. The assay was developed for a cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA sequence and is illustrated by the quantification of CMV in a culture sample.