gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimizing automatic defect classification feature and classifier performance for post-fab yield analysis (2002)

In this paper we present a methodology for enhanced automatic defect classification (ADC) of defects optically detected during post fab inspection and present results from production wafers. We have developed a unique approach to statistical feature calculation that enables the selection of four possible input intensity bands (gray, edge, hue, saturation), three image types (defect, reference, difference), and three defect masks (interior, edge, surround). To achieve the greatest separation between defect classes the optimum subset of features for a given training set must be determined. We propose an approach for feature ranking based on a feature evaluation index (FEI). The final step in optimizing the ADC performance is the selection and training of a pattern classification algorithm. We have evaluated three nonparametric, supervised classifiers including the k-nearest neighbor (KNN), fuzzy KNN, and radial basis function (RBF). The described approach is applied to several sets of defects detected with Electroglas' QuickSilver/sup TM/ post-fab inspection system. The test results from this library were very good with the optimum accuracy of 84% (on testing set that was not seen during training). This level of performance was also seen in several other smaller libraries used during the development of the underlying algorithms. We believe that this approach of mask based descriptive feature calculation, feature ranking and nonparametric classifiers will enable reliable ADC in the post-fab environment. This post-fab ADC approach is complementary to in-line ADC and enables a more complete yield analysis process.
Surface plasmon coupled electroluminescent emission (2008)

Besides directly emitting light, electroluminescence in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) can excite surface plasmons (SPs) on the metal electrodes of the device. By designing a microcavity OLED with thin film metal electrodes, we can directly probe a SP mode by leaky wave extraction with a high refractive index glass prism coupler. Additional angle and polarization resolved reflection measurements on the OLED multilayer structure together with transfer matrix calculations allow us to unequivocally characterize the electroluminescent-driven SP mode.
Regulation of MMP-9 activity in human tear fluid and corneal epithelial culture supernatant. (2000)

MMP-9 and TIMP-1 are produced by the human corneal epithelium and are present in tear fluid. MMP-3 alone is sufficient to activate MMP-9 on the ocular surface. Doxycycline does not directly inhibit this activation by MMP-3, but it decreases MMP-9 activity when added to corneal epithelial cultures.
DNA cleavage by hydroxy-salicylidene-ethylendiamine-iron complexes (1999)

Bis(hydroxy)salen.Fe complexes were designed as self-activated chemical nucleases. The presence of a hy-droxyl group on the two salicylidene moieties serve to form a hydroquinone system cooperating with the iron redox system to facilitate spontaneous formation of free radicals. We compared the DNA binding and cleaving properties of the ortho -, meta- and para -(bishydroxy) salen.Fe complexes with that of the corresponding chelate lacking the hydroxyl groups. DNA melting temperature studies indicated that the para complex exhibits the highest affinity for DNA. In addition, this para compound was considerably more potent at cleaving supercoiled plasmid DNA than the regio-isomeric ortho - and meta -hydroxy-salen.Fe complexes, even in the absence of a reducing agent, such as dithiothreitol used to activate the metal complex. The DNA cleaving activity of the para isomer is both time and concentration dependent and the complexed iron atom is absolutely essential for the sequence uniform cleavage of DNA. From a mechanistic point of view, electron spin resonance measurements suggest that DNA contributes positively to the activation of the semi-quinone system and the production of ligand radical species responsible for subsequent strand scission in the absence of a reducing agent. The para -hydroxy-salen.Fe complex has been used for detecting sequence-specific drug-DNA interactions. Specific binding of Hoechst 33258 to AT sequences and chromomycin to GC sequences were shown. The para -bis(hydroxy)salen.Fe derivative complements the tool box of footprinting reagents which can be utilised to produce efficient cleavage of DNA.
Novel Polyether Copolymers Consisting of Linear and Dendritic Blocks (1992)

The quantitative end-capping of polyethylene glycols with bromine-substituted, dendritic, aromatic polyethers 1 produces amphiphilic block copolymers. In solvents in which both blocks are only slightly soluble or in which only one block is soluble, micelles form. Depending on the solvent, they can alter their size and shape.
60% magnetoresistance at room temperature in Co–Fe/Al–O/Co–Fe tunnel junctions oxidized with Kr–O2 plasma (2002)

The influence of the mixed inert gas species for plasma oxidization process of a metallic Al layer on the tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) was investigated for a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ), Ta 50 Å/Cu 200 Å/Ta 200 Å/Ni–Fe 50 Å/Cu 50 Å/Mn75Ir25 100 Å/Co70Fe30 25 Å/Al–O/Co70Fe30 25 Å/Ni–Fe 100 Å/Cu 200 Å/Ta 50 Å. Using Kr–O2 plasma, a 58.8% of TMR ratio was obtained at room temperature after annealing the junction at 300 °C, while the achieved TMR ratio of the MTJ fabricated with usual Ar–O2 plasma remained 48.6%. A faster oxidization rate of the Al layer by using Kr–O2 plasma is a possible cause to prevent the over oxidization of the Al layer, which depolarizes the surface of the underlaid ferromagnetic electrode, and to realize a large magnetoresistance.
ProcSimity: an experimental tool for processor allocation and scheduling in highly parallel systems (2002)

ProcSimity is a software tool that supports research in processor allocation and scheduling for highly parallel systems. ProcSimity's multicomputer simulator supports experimentation with selected allocation and scheduling algorithms on architectures with a range of network topologies and for several current routing and flow control mechanisms. Message-passing can be simulated in detail at the flit level or at a higher level of modeling. Our tool supports both stochastic job streams as well as communication patterns from actual parallel applications, including several of the NAS parallel benchmarks. ProcSimity's visualisation and performance analysis tool allows the user to view a dynamic animation of the selected algorithms as well as a variety of system and job level performance metrics. ProcSimity has been successfully used in experiments investigating the feasibility of non-contiguous processor allocation in meshes and k-ary n-cubes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Estimation of Energy Expenditure from Physical Activity Measures: Determinants of Accuracy (2001)

Estimation of EE from the 7DR is considerably more variable than from PA records. Factors related to age and percentage of body fat influenced the accuracy of estimated EE in the PA record. Additional studies are needed to understand factors related to accurate reporting of PA behaviors, which are used to estimate EE in free-living adults.
Digital Signal Integrity: Modeling and Simulation with Interconnects and Packages (2000)

From the Publisher:

State-of-the-art techniques for predicting and achieving target performance levels
Theory, practice, general signal integrity issues, and leading-edge experimental techniques


Model and simulate high-speed digital systems for maximum performance 

Maximizing the performance of digital systems means optimizing their high-speed interconnections. Digital Signal Integrity gives engineers all the theory and practical methods they need to accurately model and simulate those interconnections and predict real-world performance. Whether you're modeling microprocessors, memories, DSPs, or ASICs, these techniques will get you to market faster with greater reliability. Coverage includes: 

In-depth reviews of inductance, capacitance, resistance, single and multiconductor transmission lines, generalized termination schemes, crosstalk, differential signaling, and other modeling/simulation issues
Multiconductor interconnects: packages, sockets, connectors and buses
Modal decomposition: understanding the outputs generated by commercial modeling software
Layer peeling with time-domain reflectometry: its power and limitations
Experimental techniques for characterizing interconnect parasitics


In Digital Signal Integrity, Motorola senior engineer Brian Young presents broad coverage of modeling from data obtained through electromagnetic simulation, transmission line theory, frequency and time-domain modeling, analog circuit simulation, digital signaling, and architecture. Young offers a strong mathematical foundation for every technique, as well as over 100 end-of-chapterproblems. If you're stretching the performance envelope, you must be able to rely on your models and simulations. With this book, you can.
New Enzymatic Colorimetric Assay for Total Homocysteine (2001)

In 1969, McCully (1) observed that increased plasma homocysteine (Hcy) was linked with vascular disease. Subsequent studies demonstrated that even mild hyperhomocysteinemia is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and peripheral vascular disease (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8). Increased plasma Hcy is associated with a thermolabile variant of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, smoking, lack of exercise, and excessive use of alcohol and coffee.

Plasma or serum total Hcy (tHcy) concentrations are most commonly measured by HPLC (9), which is time- consuming and expensive, and by immunochemical (10)(11)(12) or enzymatic (13) methods, which may not be applicable to all colorimetric-based clinical chemistry analyzers.

The thiol group of Hcy allows it to form a disulfide bond with other thiol-containing molecules, such as Hcy itself, cysteine, and the cysteine residue of plasma proteins. Biologic fluids may often contain both reduced and oxidized species of Hcy, and the sum of all the forms of Hcy is usually called total Hcy (tHcy) (14). Most clinical studies concerning Hcy have relied on the measurement of tHcy. An initial chemical reduction step of the sample is inevitable in the tHcy assay. Because reducing agents can interfere with the oxidation of redox indicators, such as Trinder’s reagents and derivatives of methylene blue generally used in diagnostic reagents, methods for tHcy that use these indicators have not been developed.

The present method is a new enzymatic colorimetric assay for tHcy in biologic samples. The principle is as follows. In the first step, samples are reduced by dithiothreitol …
Properties of Two Forms of Glucoamylase from<i>Penicillium oxalicum</i> (1977)

Journal Article Properties of Two Forms of Glucoamylase from Penicillium oxalicum Get access Yoshiki Yamasaki, Yoshiki Yamasaki Institute for Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama-ken Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Yukio Suzuki, Yukio Suzuki Institute for Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama-ken Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Junjiro Ozawa Junjiro Ozawa Institute for Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama-ken Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 41, Issue 8, 1 August 1977, Pages 1443–1449, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1977.10862687 Published: 01 August 1977 Article history Received: 21 February 1977 Published: 01 August 1977
A Prospective, Randomized Study Comparing the Results of Open Discectomy with Those of Video-Assisted Arthroscopic Microdiscectomy*† (1999)

Although the rate of satisfactory outcomes was approximately the same in both groups, the patients who had had an arthroscopic microdiscectomy had a shorter duration of postoperative disability and used narcotics for a shorter period. These findings suggest that arthroscopic microdiscectomy may be useful for the operative treatment of specific symptoms, including radiculopathy, that are caused by lumbar disc herniation, provided that patients are properly selected--that is, they must have a herniated disc at a single level as confirmed on imaging studies, have failed to respond to nonoperative management, have no evidence of spinal stenosis, and have a herniation not exceeding one-half of the anteroposterior diameter of the spinal canal. Moreover, the surgeon must be familiar with this technique and must have received training in its use.
Three Tyrosinase Inhibitors and Antioxidant Compounds from <i>Salsola foetida</i> (2003)

Abstract Phytochemical investigation on the whole plant of Salsola foetida resulted in the isolation of three new phenolic compounds 1, 2 , and 3 , which exhibit tyrosinase inhibition with moderate antioxidant activity. Compounds 1 – 3 inhibited tyrosinase with IC 50 2.61, 1.85, and 0.40 μ M , while exhibiting DPPH radical scavenging activity with IC 50 383, 427 and 378 μ M , respectively. The structures of 1, 2 , and 3 were determined by modern spectroscopic techniques.
Cooperative Regenerating Codes for Distributed Storage Systems (2011)

When there are multiple storage node failures in distributed storage system, regenerating them individually is suboptimal as far as repair bandwidth minimization is concerned. The tradeoff between storage and repair bandwidth is derived in the case where data exchange among the newcomers is enabled. The tradeoff curve with cooperation is strictly better than the one without cooperation. An explicit construction of cooperative regenerating code is given.
Development and Application of a Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Detection of Serum Antibodies to Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (2000)

We report the development of a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA) for the detection of antibodies to porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), the agent associated with the recently described postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in pigs. At present, no method has been published describing a c-ELISA for the detection of antibodies to PCV2, and currently employed tests are impractical for use in some laboratories. The assay described here uses a cell culture isolate of porcine circovirus type 2 as antigen and a PCV2-specific monoclonal antibody as the competing reagent. Evaluation of the ELISA was performed by comparison with results obtained using an indirect immunofluorescent test on 484 sera from pig herds in the United Kingdom, Canada, France, and the USA and serial bleeds from pigs experimentally infected with porcine circoviruses. The sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA were determined as 99.58% and 97.14%, respectively, at 2 standard deviations (SD) from the mean or 95.81% and 100% at 3 SD from the mean. Using this ELISA, a serologic survey of 461 sera collected from commercial pig herds in Northern Ireland between 1973 and 1999 was undertaken. Analysis of the results of this survey demonstrated that the number of ELISA-positive sera detected in an individual year during this period ranged from 55% to 100%. This c-ELISA has applications for large-scale rapid diagnosis of PCV2 infection in pig populations worldwide and for immunoscreening of sera from other species for antibodies to PCV2.
Glutamate uptake into synaptic vesicles of bovine cerebral cortex and electrochemical potential difference of proton across the membrane (1989)

Measurements have been made of the ATP-dependent membrane potential (delta psi) and pH gradient (delta pH) across the membranes of the synaptic vesicles purified from bovine cerebral cortex, using the voltage-sensitive dye bis[3-propyl-5-oxoisoxazol-4-yl]pentamethine oxanol and the delta pH-sensitive fluorescent dye 9-aminoacridine respectively. A pre-existing small delta pH (inside acidic) was detected in the synaptic vesicles, but no additional significant contribution by MgATP to delta pH was observed. In contrast, delta psi (inside positive) increased substantially upon addition of MgATP. This ATP-dependent delta psi was reduced by thiocyanate anion (SCN-), a delta psi dissipator, or carbonyl cyanide p-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone (FCCP), a protonmotive-force dissipator. Correspondingly, a substantially larger glutamate uptake occurred in the presence of MgATP, which was inhibited by SCN- and FCCP. A nonhydrolysable analogue of ATP, adenosine 5'-[beta gamma-methylene]triphosphate, did not substitute for ATP in either delta psi generation or glutamate uptake. The results support the hypothesis that a H+-pumping ATPase generates a protonmotive force in the synaptic vesicles at the expense of ATP hydrolysis, and the protonmotive force thus formed provides a driving force for the vesicular glutamate uptake. The delta psi generation by ATP hydrolysis was not affected by orthovanadate, ouabain or oligomycin, but was inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide, quercetin, trimethyltin, 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole and 4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulphonic acid. These results indicate that the H+-pumping ATPase in the synaptic vesicle is similar to that in the chromaffin granule, platelet granule and lysosome.
Recommendation systems: a probabilistic analysis (2002)

A recommendation system tracks past actions of a group of users to make recommendations to individual members of the group. The growth of computer-mediated marketing and commerce has led to increased interest in such systems. We introduce a simple analytical framework for recommendation systems, including a basis for defining the utility of such a system. We perform probabilistic analyses of algorithmic methods within this framework. These analyses yield insights into how much utility can be derived from the memory of past actions and on how this memory can be exploited.
Targets in Epigenetics: Inhibiting the Methyl Writers of the Histone Code (2011)

Growing evidence suggests that protein lysine methyltransferases (PKMTs) and protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) are associated with the development of various human diseases, including cancer, inflammation, and psychiatric disorders. Given the significant role of these proteins in human disease, efforts to discover selective small-molecule inhibitors of these enzymes are quickly gaining momentum. In this review, we focus on the recent progress in the discovery of selective PKMT and PRMT inhibitors. A future perspective on developing methyltransferase inhibitors is also offered.
Dehydration of Alcohols, Diols, and Related Compounds in Dimethyl Sulfoxide<sup>1</sup> (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDehydration of Alcohols, Diols, and Related Compounds in Dimethyl Sulfoxide1Vincent J. Traynelis, William L. Hergenrother, Harry T. Hanson, and John A. ValicentiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1964, 29, 1, 123–129Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01024a028https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01024a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1582Altmetric-Citations90LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Combination of Dendrimer-Nanovector-Mediated Small Interfering RNA Delivery to Target Akt with the Clinical Anticancer Drug Paclitaxel for Effective and Potent Anticancer Activity in Treating Ovarian Cancer (2014)

The recently discovered small interfering RNA (siRNA) holds great promise in cancer therapy. However, efficient and safe delivery systems are required for the development of new therapeutic paradigms. Ovarian cancer has the highest mortality of all gynecologic tumors, and there is an urgent need for specific and effective therapies. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway, which is strongly implicated in the biology of ovarian cancer, constitutes an attractive therapeutic target. In this study, we describe a triethanolamine-core poly(amidoamine) dendrimer which forms stable nanoparticles with the Akt siRNA, protects siRNA against RNase digestion, and is highly effective for initiating Akt target-gene silencing both in vitro and in vivo, while being minimally toxic. Most importantly, it could potentiate the antitumor effect of the anticancer drug paclitaxel. These results represent the proof-of-concept, demonstrating that dendrimer-mediated Akt siRNA delivery, in combination with a chemotherapeutic regimen, may constitute a promising nanomedicine approach in cancer therapy.
WiFi Direct and LTE D2D in action (2013)

With the evolution of high-performance multi-radio smartphones, Device-to-Device (D2D) communications became an attractive solution for enhancing the performance of cellular networks. Although D2D communications have been widely studied within past few years, the majority of the literature is confined to new theoretical proposals and did not consider implementation challenges. In fact, the implementation feasibility of D2D communications and its challenges are still a relevant research question. In this paper, we introduce a protocol that focuses on D2D communications using LTE and WiFi Direct technologies. We also show that currently available WiFi Direct features permits to deploy the D2D paradigm on top of the LTE cellular infrastructure, without requiring any fundamental change in LTE protocols.
Crystal Structure of the Catalytic Domain of Human Plasmin Complexed with Streptokinase (1998)

Streptokinase is a plasminogen activator widely used in treating blood-clotting disorders. Complexes of streptokinase with human plasminogen can hydrolytically activate other plasminogen molecules to plasmin, which then dissolves blood clots. A similar binding activation mechanism also occurs in some key steps of blood coagulation. The crystal structure of streptokinase complexed with the catalytic unit of human plasmin was solved at 2.9 angstroms. The amino-terminal domain of streptokinase in the complex is hypothesized to enhance the substrate recognition. The carboxyl-terminal domain of streptokinase, which binds near the activation loop of plasminogen, is likely responsible for the contact activation of plasminogen in the complex.