gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The biochemistry of bacteriolysis: paradoxes, facts and myths. (1988)

Degradation of cell wall components of certain microbial species following phagocytosis by neutrophils and macrophages might involve the activation, by leucocyte cationic proteins, of the bacterial autolytic wall enzymes, leading to bacteriolysis. Lysozyme (a distinct cationic agent), which is the main muramidase present in leucocytes and in body fluids, might function not only as an enzyme but also as a potent activator of autolysis. Sulphated polyelectrolytes, proteolytic enzymes and oxygen radicals, which are released in inflammatory sites, might inactivate the autolytic wall enzymes, leading to the accumulation of peptidoglycan-polysaccharide complexes within macrophages. Activated macrophages are instrumental in initiating chronic inflammatory reactions. Undegraded microbial cell wall components also function as immunomodulators and as enhancers of non-specific resistance to infections and to malignancy.
A multi‐camera vision system for fall detection and alarm generation (2007)

Abstract: In‐house video surveillance can represent an excellent support for people with some difficulties (e.g. elderly or disabled people) living alone and with a limited autonomy. New hardware technologies and in particular digital cameras are now affordable and they have recently gained credit as tools for (semi‐)automatically assuring people's safety. In this paper a multi‐camera vision system for detecting and tracking people and recognizing dangerous behaviours and events such as a fall is presented. In such a situation a suitable alarm can be sent, e.g. by means of an SMS. A novel technique of warping people's silhouette is proposed to exchange visual information between partially overlapped cameras whenever a camera handover occurs. Finally, a multi‐client and multi‐threaded transcoding video server delivers live video streams to operators/remote users in order to check the validity of a received alarm. Semantic and event‐based transcoding algorithms are used to optimize the bandwidth usage. A two‐room setup has been created in our laboratory to test the performance of the overall system and some of the results obtained are reported.
Hierarchical, model‐based merging of multiple fragments for improved three‐dimensional segmentation of nuclei (2004)

Hierarchical tree model-based algorithms significantly improve the accuracy of automated nuclear segmentation without sacrificing speed.
Tailored Silicon Nanopost Arrays for Resonant Nanophotonic Ion Production (2010)

Nanostructures that have dimensions commensurate with the wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation exhibit near-field effects and, as optical antennas, can couple laser radiation to the local environment. Laser-induced silicon microcolumn arrays behave as nanophotonic ion sources that can be modulated by rotating the plane of light polarization. However, the limited range of surface morphologies available for these substrates makes it difficult to study the underlying mechanism that governs ion production. Here we demonstrate that nanopost arrays (NAPAs) can be tailored to exhibit resonant ion production. Ion yields from posts with subwavelength diameter show sharp resonances at high aspect ratios. The resonant enhancement in ion intensities can be modulated by adjusting the periodicity. In addition to strong molecular ion formation, the presence of high-energy fragmentation channels is observed. Ion yields from NAPAs exhibit dramatic differences for p- and s-polarized laser beams, indicating that energy coupling is similar to antenna arrays. These nanophotonic ion sources can control the degree of ion fragmentation and could eventually be integrated with micromachined mass spectrometers and microfluidic devices.
Activation of rabbit oocytes: the impact of the Ca2+ signal regime on development (2001)

Postfertilization manipulation of mammalian embryos results in various developmental alterations. To determine whether the manipulation of the Ca2+ regime causing oocyte activation is a valuable experimental means in helping understand the biological process by which embryos integrate signals from outside and later regulate gene expression, we linked Ca2+ signal parameters i.e. amplitude, number and frequency, with the efficiency and quality of postimplantation development. Freshly ovulated rabbit oocytes were subjected to repetitive and modulated Ca2+ influx. The results provide three major pieces of information. Firstly, the Ca2+ stimulus is the most efficient signal activating mammalian eggs when it is applied in a repetitive manner, the amplitude being the crucial factor. Secondly, the dynamics of early cleavage does not appear to be determined by either the frequency or the amplitude of modulation of the Ca2+ signal that activates the oocyte. Thirdly, amplitude and temporal modulation of the Ca2+ signal in the early minutes influences the developmental performance and the morphology of the rabbit parthenogenetic conceptus at day 11.5 of pregnancy. The results demonstrate the importance of epigenetic events during postfertilization as well as the possible uses of Ca2+ modulation in studying long term developmental effects.
Flash: Efficient, Stable and Optimal K-Anonymity (2012)

K-anonymization is an important technique for the de-identification of sensitive datasets. In this paper, we briefly describe an implementation framework which has been carefully engineered to meet the needs of an important class of k-anonymity algorithms. We have implemented and evaluated two major well-known algorithms within this framework and show that it allows for highly efficient implementations. Regarding their runtime behaviour, we were able to closely reproduce the results from previous publications but also found some algorithmic limitations. Furthermore, we propose a new algorithm that achieves very good performance by implementing a novel strategy and exploiting different aspects of our implementation framework. In contrast to the current state-of-the-art, our algorithm offers algorithmic stability, with execution time being independent of the actual representation of the input data. Experiments with different real-world datasets show that our solution clearly outperforms the previous algorithms.
Montelukast, a Cysteinyl Leukotriene Receptor-1 Antagonist, Dose- and Time-Dependently Protects against Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Mice (2004)

Our previous studies showed that cysteinyl leukotriene receptor-1 (CysLT1) antagonist pranlukast has a neuroprotective effect on cerebral ischemia in rats and mice. However, whether the neuroprotective effect of pranlukast is its special action or a common action of CysLT1 receptor antagonists remains to be clarified. This study was performed to determine whether montelukast, another CysLT1 receptor antagonist, has the neuroprotective effect on focal cerebral ischemia in mice, and to observe its dose- and time-dependent properties. Permanent focal cerebral ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Montelukast was injected intraperitoneally either as multiple doses (once a day for 3 days and 30 min before MCAO) or as a single dose (at 30 min before, 30 min after, or 1 h after MCAO), respectively, and pranlukast and edaravone were used as controls. The neurological deficits, infarct volumes, brain edema, neuron density, and Evans blue extravasation in the brain were determined 24 h after MCAO. Pretreatments with multiple doses or a single dose of montelukast (0.1 and 1.0 mg/kg) before MCAO significantly attenuated all the ischemic insults. Post-treatment with a single dose of montelukast (0.1 and 1.0 mg/kg) at 30 min after MCAO also significantly decreased brain edema and infarct volume, but not neurological deficits. However, post-treatment with a single dose of montelukast at 1 h after MCAO had no significant effect. Pranlukast showed the same effects as montelukast, but edaravone attenuated the ischemic insults only with multiple doses before MCAO. Thus, montelukast has a dose- and time-dependent neuroprotective effect on permanent focal cerebral ischemia in mice, with an effective dose range of 0.1-1.0 mg/kg and a therapeutic window of 30 min. These findings further support the therapeutic potential of CysLT1 receptor antagonists in the treatment of cerebral ischemia at earlier phases.
Stereospecific Synthesis of (2<i>Z</i>,4<i>E</i>,6<i>E</i>)-3,7,11-Trimethyl-2,4,6,10-dodecatetraene [<i>trans</i>(C10)-Allofarnesene] (1982)

Abstract The stereospecific synthesis of the title acyclic sesquiterpene, isolated from Perilla frutscens f. viridis Makino (Japanese name, Aojiso) by the palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of 2-(4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatrienyl)-1,3,2-benzodioxaborole with (Z)-2-bromo-2-butene, is described. The benzodioxaborole was prepared by the hydroboration of 4,8-dimethyl-3,7-nonadien-1-yne, newly prepared via three steps from geranial, with 1,3,2-benzodioxaborole.
A 64-Kbytes ITTAGE indirect branch predictor∗ (2015)

The ITTAGE, Indirect Target TAgged GEometric length predictor, was introduced in [5] at the same time as the TAGE conditional branch predictor. ITTAGE relies on the same principles as the TAGE predictor several predictor tables in-dexed through independent functions of the global branch/path history and the branch address. Like the TAGE predictor, ITTAGE uses (partially) tagged components as the PPM-like predictor [2]. It relies on (partial) match to select the predicted target of an indirect jump. TAGE also uses GEometric history length as the O-GEHL predictor [3], i.e., the set of used global history lengths forms a geometric series. This allows to efficiently capture correlation on recent branch outcomes as well as on very old branches. Due to the huge storage budget available for the ChampionShip, we propose an ITTAGE predictor fea-turing 16 prediction tables. On the distributed set of traces, using a path history vector recording only in-formation from indirect jumps and calls was found to be (slightly) more efficient than using a path/branch history vector combining information from all kind of branches. 1 The ITTAGE indirect jump target predictor Building on top of the cascaded predictor [1] and on the TAGE predictor, the ITTAGE predictor was proposed in [4]. In this section, we recall the gen-eral principles of the ITTAGE indirect target pre-dictor.equivalent storage budget. Some implementa-tion details from the initial ITTAGE proposition are slightly modified in order to improve the global pre-diction accuracy. 1.1 ITTAGE predictor principles ITTAGE relies on the same principles as the TAGE predictor several predictor tables indexed through in-dependent functions of the global branch/path his-tory and the branch address. ∗This work was partially supported by the European Re-search Counsil Advanced Grant DAL
Establishment and characterization of human ocular melanoma cell lines (1993)

Five continuous cell lines have been established from 29 ocular melanomas and maintained for periods ranging from 3 to 9 years in medium identical to that in which 3 concomitantly studied lines of cutaneous melanoma cells were cultured as controls. The long-term problems to be overcome in establishing uveal cell lines are related to cell-doubling times which ranged from 72 to 432 hr, and plating efficiency, which ranged from 0.5%-6.5%. Tumors and cell lines were found to contain melanosomes. The morphology of uveal cells during the early subcultures exhibited multiple changes. Two different established cell lines were obtained from one ciliary-body tumor. Biochemical studies revealed markers of melanogenesis and neuroendocrine compounds. Cytogenetic studies revealed chromosomal abnormalities that differed between uveal and conjunctival melanomas.
Control of the molecular degradation of hyaluronic acid hydrogels for tissue augmentation (2007)

A novel protocol to control the molecular degradation of hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels was successfully developed for tissue augmentation applications. HA has a different conformational structure in water and organic solvent, and the carboxyl group of HA is known to be the recognition site of hyaluronidase and HA receptors. Based on these findings, HA was chemically modified by grafting adipic acid dihydrazide (ADH) to the carboxyl group of HA in the water to prepare HA-ADH(WATER) and in the mixed solvent of water and ethanol to prepare degradation-controlled HA-ADH(WATER/ETHANOL). Three kinds of HA hydrogels were prepared by the crosslinking of HA-ADH(WATER) or HA-ADH(WATER/ETHANOL) with bis(sulfosuccinimidyl) suberate, and by the crosslinking of HA-OH with divinyl sulfone (DVS). In vitro and in vivo degradation tests showed that HA-DVS hydrogels were degraded most rapidly, followed by HA-ADH(WATER) hydrogels and HA-ADH(WATER/ETHANOL) hydrogels. There was no adverse effect during and after in vivo degradation tests. All of the HA hydrogel samples appeared to be biocompatible, according to the histological analysis with hematoxylin-eosin and Alcian blue.
An innovative approach for the characterization of the isoforms of a monoclonal antibody product (2011)

Protein biopharmaceuticals, such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are widely used for the prevention and treatment of various diseases. The complex and lengthy upstream and downstream production methods of the antibodies make them susceptible to physical and chemical modifications. Several IgG1 immunoglobulins are used as medical agents for the treatment of colon, breast, and head and neck cancers, and at least four to eight isoforms exist in the products. The regulatory agencies understand the complex nature of the antibody molecules and allow the manufactures to set their own specifications for lot release, provided the safety and efficacy of the products are established in animal models prior to clinical trials. During the manufacture of a mAb product, we observed lot-to-lot variability in the isoform content and, although the variability is within the set specifications for lot release, made attempts to gain mechanistic insight by isolating and characterizing the individual isoforms. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) and liquid chromatography (LC)/mass spectrometry (MS)/MS analyses of the isolated isoforms indicate that this variability is caused by sialic acid content, as well as truncation of C-terminal lysine of the individual isoforms. Sialidase and carboxypeptidase treatment of the product confirm the observations made by MALDI and LC/MS/MS.
Antibody-mediated transduction of p53 selectively kills cancer cells (2004)

Some human cancers are caused by functional defects in p53 that are restored by gene therapy with wild-type p53. To circumvent the use of viral vectors, we reconstituted cancer cell lines with p53 by protein transduction. A fusion protein was produced from cDNA constructed from the Fv fragment of an antibody that penetrates living cells and wild-type p53 (Fv-p53). Fv-p53 penetrated and killed cancer cells that do not express p53. Additionally, Fv-p53 killed cancer cells that were malignant as a result of mutations within p53, nuclear exclusion of p53 and over-expression of MDM2. Non-specific toxicity was excluded by showing that Fv-p53 penetrated but did not kill primary cells and cancer cells unresponsive to p53. Fv fragments alone were not cytotoxic, indicating that killing was due to transduction of p53. Fv-p53 was shown to penetrate cancer cells engrafted in vivo. These results support continued efforts to evaluate the potential efficacy of Fv-p53 for the treatment of certain cancers in vivo.
DNA packaging induced by micellar aggregates: a novel in vitro DNA condensation system (1992)

Evidence for a conceptually novel DNA packaging process is presented. X-ray scattering, electron microscopy, and circular dichroism measurements indicate that in the presence of positively charged micellar aggregates and flexible anionic polymers, such as negatively charged polypeptides or single-stranded RNA species, a complex is formed in which DNA molecules are partially embedded within a micellar scaffold and partially condensed into highly packed chiral structures. Based on studies of micelle-DNA and micelle-flexible anionic polymer systems, as well as on the known effects of a high charge density upon the micellar organization, a DNA packaging model is proposed. According to this model, the DNA induces the elongation of the micelles into rodlike aggregates, forming a closely packed matrix in which the DNA molecules are immobilized. In contrast, the flexible anionic polymers stabilize clusters of spherical micelles which are proposed to effect a capping of the rodlike micelles, thus arresting their elongation and creating surfactant-free segments of the DNA that are able to converge and collapse. Thus, unlike other in vitro DNA packaging systems, in which condensation follows encounters between charge-neutralized DNA molecules, a prepackaging phase where the DNA is immobilized within a matrix is proposed in this case. Cellular and nuclear membranes have been implicated in DNA packaging processes in vivo, and negatively charged polyelectrolytes were shown to be involved in the processes. These observations, combined with the basic tenets of the DNA condensation system described here, allow for the progression to the study of more elaborate model systems and thus might lead to insights into the nature and roles of the intricate in vivo DNA-membrane complexes.
Rab38 and Rab32 control post-Golgi trafficking of melanogenic enzymes (2006)

A mutation in the small GTPase Rab38 gives rise to the mouse coat color phenotype "chocolate" (cht), implicating Rab38 in the regulation of melanogenesis. However, its role remains poorly characterized. We report that cht Rab38(G19V) is inactive and that the nearly normal pigmentation in cht melanocytes results from functional compensation by the closely related Rab32. In cht cells treated with Rab32-specific small interfering RNA, a dramatic loss of pigmentation is observed. In addition to mature melanosomes, Rab38 and Rab32 localize to perinuclear vesicles carrying tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein 1, consistent with a role in the intracellular sorting of these proteins. In Rab38/Rab32-deficient cells, tyrosinase appears to be mistargeted and degraded after exit from the trans-Golgi network (TGN). This suggests that Rab38 and Rab32 regulate a critical step in the trafficking of melanogenic enzymes, in particular, tyrosinase, from the TGN to melanosomes. This work identifies a key role for the Rab38/Rab32 subfamily of Rab proteins in the biogenesis of melanosomes and potentially other lysosome-related organelles.
Gadolinium(III) Chelates as MRI Contrast Agents:  Structure, Dynamics, and Applications (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGadolinium(III) Chelates as MRI Contrast Agents: Structure, Dynamics, and ApplicationsPeter Caravan, Jeffrey J. Ellison, Thomas J. McMurry, and Randall B. LaufferView Author Information EPIX Medical, Inc., 71 Rogers Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 1999, 99, 9, 2293–2352Publication Date (Web):August 20, 1999Publication History Received22 February 1999Revised24 June 1999Published online20 August 1999Published inissue 8 September 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr980440xhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr980440xresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views27447Altmetric-Citations3831LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Coordination compounds,Ions,Ligands,Molecular structure,Molecules Get e-Alerts
Fast valve for gas injection into vacuum (1978)

A simple, fast, reliable magnetically driven gas valve for use in plasma experiments is described. The pressure rise time has been measured to be approximately 1 Torr/mus at the valve opening.
Metasurface Freeform Nanophotonics (2017)

Freeform optics aims to expand the toolkit of optical elements by allowing for more complex phase geometries beyond rotational symmetry. Complex, asymmetric curvatures are employed to enhance the performance of optical components while minimizing their size. Unfortunately, these high curvatures and complex forms are often difficult to manufacture with current technologies, especially at the micron scale. Metasurfaces are planar sub-wavelength structures that can control the phase, amplitude, and polarization of incident light, and can thereby mimic complex geometric curvatures on a flat, wavelength-scale thick surface. We present a methodology for designing analogues of freeform optics using a silicon nitride based metasurface platform for operation at visible wavelengths. We demonstrate a cubic phase plate with a point spread function exhibiting enhanced depth of field over 300 micron along the optical axis with potential for performing metasurface-based white light imaging, and an Alvarez lens with a tunable focal length range of over 2.5 mm corresponding to a change in optical power of ~1600 diopters with 100 micron of total mechanical displacement. The adaptation of freeform optics to a sub-wavelength metasurface platform allows for further miniaturization of optical components and offers a scalable route toward implementing near-arbitrary geometric curvatures in nanophotonics.
Sketch Guided Sampling - Using On-Line Estimates of Flow Size for Adaptive Data Collection (2006)

Abstract — Monitoring the traffic in high-speed networks is a data intensive problem. Uniform packet sampling is the most popular technique for reducing the amount of data the network monitoring hardware/software has to process. However, uniform sampling captures far less information than can be potentially obtained with the same overall sampling rate. This is because uniform sampling (unnecessarily) draws the vast majority of samples from large flows, and very few from small and medium flows. This information loss on small and medium flows significantly affects the accuracy of the estimation of various network statistics. In this work, we develop a new packet sampling methodology called “sketch-guided sampling ” (SGS), which offers better statistics than obtainable from uniform sampling, given the same number of raw samples gathered. Its main idea is to make the probability with which an incoming packet is sampled a decreasing sampling function ¢ of the size of the flow the packet belongs to. This way our scheme is able to significantly increase the packet sampling rate of the small and medium flows at slight expense of the large flows, resulting in much more accurate estimations of various network statistics. However, the exact sizes of all flows are available only if we keep per-flow information for every flow, which is prohibitively expensive for highspeed links. Our SGS scheme solves this problem by using a small (lossy) synopsis data structure called counting sketch to encode the approximate sizes of all flows. Our evaluation on real-world Internet traffic traces shows that our sampling theory based the approximate flow size estimates from the counting sketch works almost as well as if we know the exact sizes of the flows. I.