gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparative Study of Inhibition Effects of Benzotriazole for Metals in Neutral Solutions As Observed with Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (2001)

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy has been successfully extended to the study of corrosion inhibition of bare iron and nickel metals. The inhibition effects of benzotriazole (BTAH) for copper, iron, and nickel electrodes in 0.1 M KCl solution were investigated by using both polarization curves and in situ Raman techniques. The protective films formed on copper and iron surfaces, in the presence of BTAH, are characterized as [CuIBTA]n and [FeII(BTA)2]n, respectively. The formation of Fe−N coordinated bonds and the deprotonation of the triazole ring may occur while BTAH interacts with the iron surface. On the contrary, BTAH may interact with the nickel surface as neutral molecules in the whole potential range investigated resulting in a poor inhibition effect. The surface complex is characterized as [Ni−BTAH]. The potential dependence of the Raman spectra on copper and iron shows that the BTA- ion in the surface complex may rebind with H+ at more negative potentials and accordingly the inhibition efficiency of benzotriazole decreases.
Dengue Virus-Reactive CD8+ T Cells Display Quantitative and Qualitative Differences in Their Response to Variant Epitopes of Heterologous Viral Serotypes (2006)

Reactivation of serotype cross-reactive CD8+ memory T lymphocytes is thought to contribute to the immunopathogenesis of dengue disease during secondary infection by a heterologous serotype. Using cytokine flow cytometry, we have defined four novel HLA-A*02-restricted dengue viral epitopes recognized by up to 1.5% of circulating CD8+ T cells in four donors after primary vaccination. All four donors had the highest cytokine response to the epitope NS4b 2353. We also studied the effect of sequence differences in heterologous dengue serotypes on dengue-reactive CD8+ memory T cell cytokine and proliferative responses. The D3 variant of a different NS4b epitope 2423 and the D2 variant of the NS4a epitope 2148 induced the largest cytokine response, compared with their respective heterologous sequences in all donors regardless of the primary vaccination serotype. Stimulation with variant peptides also altered the relative frequencies of the various subsets of cells that expressed IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, MIP-1beta, and combinations of these cytokines. These results indicate that the prior infection history of the individual as well as the serotypes of the primary and heterologous secondary viruses influence the nature of the secondary response. These differences in the effector functions of serotype cross-reactive memory T cells induced by heterologous variant epitopes, which are both quantitative and qualitative, may contribute to the clinical outcome of secondary dengue infection.
Safety and effectiveness of small and large gel-particle hyaluronic acid in the correction of perioral wrinkles. (2011)

Both SGP-HA and LGP-HA were found to be safe and effective for the correction of perioral wrinkles and folds, with few differences among treatment areas Both investigator and patient GAIS evaluations indicated aesthetic improvement after SGP-HA and LGP-HA treatment in the perioral area.
SiGe gate oxide prepared at low-temperatures in an electron cyclotron resonance plasma (1993)

SiGe gate oxide prepared at low temperatures (25–400 °C) by electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma is reported. 100–200 Å oxides were grown on Si0.8Ge0.2 substrates by ECR oxidation under different bias conditions. The electrical properties of the ECR grown oxides are strong functions of processing conditions and post-processing treatments. High frequency (1 MHz) and quasistatic capacitance-voltage ECR grown oxides’ measurements indicate that device quality gate oxides can be produced by this process; specifically, the fixed charge and interface state densities are comparable to those of ECR grown metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors on silicon with an aluminum gate.
Estimación previsualizada de la función de densidad con datos censurados: un estudio de simulación (2001)

En este trabajo proponemos un nuevo estimador de la funcion de densidad en el modelo de censura aleatoria por la derecha basado en una modificacion del estimador de Kaplan-Meier que hace uso del de Nadaraya-Watson. La idea consiste en sustituir las variables indicadoras de no censura por valores de un estimador tipo nucleo, dando lugar a los llamados estimadores presuavizados. Se presenta tambien un estudio de simulacion en el que se puede comprobar la bondad de este nuevo estimador.
Bleeding diathesis due to decreased functional activity of type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor. (1989)

We evaluated an elderly patient with a lifelong history of se- vere bleeding after surgery or trauma and with evidence of persistent hyperfibrinolysis. Routine coagulation studies were normal. Serum plasminogen (40%, normal 72-128%) and a2- antiplasmin (55%, normal 70-145%) activities were decreased. Euglobulin clot lysis was abnormally shortened (50 min) and normalized in vitro with e-aminocaproic acid (EACA). The pa- tient was treated with EACA with prompt cessation of bleeding. Patient tissue-plasminogen activator (t-PA) levels in serum were normal (4.7 ng/ml, control 3.5-7.2) as detected by a two-site immunoradiometric assay (IRMA). Patient fibrino- lytic inhibitor activities were assessed by incubating 11I-labeled t-PA with either whole blood or serum followed by SDS-PAGE and autoradiography to identify the resultant protease/ protease inhibitor complexes. In comparison to blood samples obtained from normal donors, patient plasma and serum dem- onstrated reduced binding of a fast-acting plasminogen activa- tor inhibitor to '251-labeled t-PA. Immunoprecipitation experi- ments indicated diminished complex formation between type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) in patient serum and 1251-labeled t-PA. Low patient PAI-1 activity was confirmed in serum (0.36 U/ml, control 0.87-1.81; n = 3) and in platelet lysates using a functional IRMA to quantitate PAI-1 binding to immobilized t-PA. However, patient serum PAI-1 antigen was within the normal range when analyzed by IRMA (31.8 ng/ml, control 19.642.2); this result was confirmed in both serum and platelets by Western blot (n = 3). Mixing experiments using purified PAI-1 as well as patient and control sera did not show evidence for an inhibitor against PAI-1. We conclude that this patient's bleeding diathesis was due to hyperfibrinolysis and defective PAI-1. This patient provides the first dem- onstration of a link between decreased in vivo PAI-1 activity and disordered hemostasis, and supports a role for PAI-1 in control of in vivo fibrinolysis.
The <i>Streptomyces lividans</i> Family 12 Endoglucanase:  Construction of the Catalytic Core, Expression, and X-ray Structure at 1.75 Å Resolution<sup>,</sup> (1997)

Cellulases are the glycoside hydrolases responsible for the enzymatic breakdown of the structural plant polymer cellulose. Together with xylanases they counteract the lmitless accumulation of plant biomass in nature and are of considerable fundamental and biotechnological interest. Endoglucanase CelB from Streptomyces lividans performs hydrolysis of the beta-1,4-glycosidic bonds of cellulose, with net retention of anomeric configuration. The enzyme is a member of glycoside hydrolase family 12 [Henrissat, B., and Bairoch, A. (1996) Biochem. J. 316, 695-696], which had previously eluded detailed structural analysis. A truncated, but cataytically competent form of CelB, locking the flexible linker region and cellulose-binding domain, has been constructed and overexpressed in a S. lividans expression system. The three-dimensional X-ray structure of the resulting catalytic domain, CelB2, has been solved by conventional multiple isomorphous replacement methods and refined to an R factor of 0.187 at 1.75 A resolution. The overall fold of the enzyme shows a remarkable similarity to that of family 11 xylanases, as previously predicted by hydrophobic clustering analysis [Törrönen, A., Kubicek, C.P., and Henrissat, B. (1993) FEBS Lett. 321, 135-139]. The 23 kDa protein presents a jelly-roll topology, built up mainly by antiparallel beta-sheets arranged in a sandwich-like manner. A deep substrate-binding cleft runs across the surface, as has been observed in other endoglucanase structures, and is potentially able to accommodate up to five binding subsites. The likely catalytic nucleophile and Brønsted acid/base, residues Glu 120 and Glue 203, respectively, have their carboxylate groups separated by a distance of approximately 7.0 A and are located approximately 15 A from one end of the cleft, implying a -3 to +2 active site.
Flame Hydrolysis Deposition of Glass on Silicon for the Integration of Optical and Microfluidic Devices (2000)

Flame hydrolysis deposition (FHD) of glasses has previously found applications in the telecommunications industry. This paper shows how the technology can be used to deposit silica with different refractive indices and thereby produce low-loss planar waveguides for use in analytical applications. We also show that the glasses can be patterned using a new reactive ion etch and sealed using a modification of anodic bonding, such that the resulting microstructures can be readily incorporated within a lithographically defined "chip", integrating both optical and fluidic circuitry on the same device. In the example described in this paper, waveguides, analytical microtiter chambers and fluidic capillary channels, with the necessary high aspect ratio features (and with depths up to 40 microm) were all produced in glass, using the appropriate deposition and etching technologies. The performance of the chip was assessed in the framework of a low-volume fluorescence assay, using waveguides to address miniaturized microtiter chambers with volumes of 230 and 570 pL. Devices featuring different optical detection configurations, including both in-line and orthogonal waveguide geometries, were fabricated. In the optimal configuration, the experimental detection limit was determined as ca. 20 pM (equivalent to 10 zmol) of a cyanine fluorophore, Cy5. The applicability of the device as a biochip platform was further illustrated by analytical measurements on fluorescently labeled oligodeoxynucleotides.
Hyperband: a novel bandit-based approach to hyperparameter optimization (2017)

Performance of machine learning algorithms depends critically on identifying a good set of hyperparameters. While recent approaches use Bayesian optimization to adaptively select configurations, we focus on speeding up random search through adaptive resource allocation and early-stopping. We formulate hyperparameter optimization as a pure-exploration nonstochastic infinite-armed bandit problem where a predefined resource like iterations, data samples, or features is allocated to randomly sampled configurations. We introduce a novel algorithm, Hyperband, for this framework and analyze its theoretical properties, providing several desirable guarantees. Furthermore, we compare Hyperband with popular Bayesian optimization methods on a suite of hyperparameter optimization problems. We observe that Hyperband can provide over an order-of-magnitude speedup over our competitor set on a variety of deep-learning and kernel-based learning problems.
Association of human aging with a functional variant of klotho (2002)

Mice deficient in Klotho gene expression exhibit a syndrome resembling premature human aging. To determine whether variation in the human KLOTHO locus contributes to survival, we applied two newly characterized polymorphic microsatellite markers flanking the gene in a population-based association study. In a cohort chosen for its homogeneity, Bohemian Czechs, we demonstrated significant differences in selected marker allele frequencies between newborn and elderly individuals (P < 0.05). These results precipitated a search for functional variants of klotho. We identified an allele, termed KL-VS, containing six sequence variants in complete linkage disequilibrium, two of which result in amino acid substitutions F352V and C370S. Homozygous elderly individuals were underrepresented in three distinct populations: Bohemian Czechs, Baltimore Caucasians, and Baltimore African-Americans [combined odds ratio (OR) = 2.59, P < 0.0023]. In a transient transfection assay, secreted levels of klotho harboring V352 are reduced 6-fold, whereas extracellular levels of the S370 form are increased 2.9-fold. The V352/S370 double mutant exhibits an intermediate phenotype (1.6-fold increase), providing a rare example of intragenic complementation in cis by human single nucleotide polymorphisms. The remarkable conservation of F352 among homologous proteins suggests that it is functionally important. The corresponding substitution, F289V, in the closest human klotho paralog with a known substrate, cBGL1, completely eliminates its ability to cleave p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucoside. These results suggest that the KL-VS allele influences the trafficking and catalytic activity of klotho, and that variation in klotho function contributes to heterogeneity in the onset and severity of human age-related phenotypes.
Randomized Phase II Study of Fludarabine + Cytosine Arabinoside + Idarubicin ± All-Trans Retinoic Acid ± Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor in Poor Prognosis Newly Diagnosed Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndrome (1999)

Abstract Preclinical data suggest that retinoids, eg, all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), lower concentrations of antiapoptotic proteins such as bcl-2, possibly thereby improving the outcome of anti-acute myeloid leukemia (AML) chemotherapy. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been considered to be potentially synergistic with ATRA in this regard. Accordingly, we randomized 215 patients with newly diagnosed AML (153 patients) or high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) (refractory anemia with excess blasts [RAEB] or RAEB-t, 62 patients) to receive fludarabine + ara-C + idarubicin (FAI) alone, FAI + ATRA, FAI + G-CSF, or FAI + ATRA + G-CSF. Eligibility required one of the following: age over 71 years, a history of abnormal blood counts before M.D. Anderson (MDA) presentation, secondary AML/MDS, failure to respond to one prior course of chemotherapy given outside MDA, or abnormal renal or hepatic function. For the two treatment arms containing ATRA, ATRA was given 2 days (day-2) before beginning and continued for 3 days after completion of FAI. For the two treatment arms including G-CSF, G-CSF began on day-1 and continued until neutrophil recovery. Patients with white blood cell (WBC) counts &amp;gt;50,000/μL began ATRA on day 1 and G-CSF on day 2. Events (death, failure to achieve complete remission [CR], or relapse from CR) have occurred in 77% of the 215 patients. Reflecting the poor prognosis of the patients entered, the CR rate was only 51%, median event-free survival (EFS) time once in CR was 36 weeks, and median survival time was 28 weeks. A Cox regression analysis indicated that, after accounting for patient prognostic variables, none of the three adjuvant treatment combinations (FAI + ATRA, FAI + G, FAI + ATRA + G) affected survival, EFS, or EFS once in CR compared with FAI. Similarly, there were no significant effects of either ATRA ignoring G-CSF, or of G-CSF ignoring ATRA. As previously found, a diagnosis of RAEB or RAEB-t rather than AML was insignificant. There were no indications that the effect of ATRA differed according to cytogenetic group, diagnosis (AML or MDS), or treatment schedule. Logistic regression analysis indicated that, after accounting for prognosis, addition of G-CSF ± ATRA to FAI improved CR rate versus either FAI or FAI + ATRA, but G-CSF had no effect on the other outcomes. We conclude that addition of ATRA ± G-CSF to FAI had no effect on CR rate, survival, EFS, or EFS in CR in poor prognosis, newly diagnosed AML or high-risk MDS.
A Multifunctional Aqueous Channel Formed by CFTR (1992)

The cystic fibrosis gene product (CFTR) is a complex protein that functions as an adenosine 3,5-monophosphate (cAMP)-stimulated ion channel and possibly as a regulator of intracellular processes. In order to determine whether the CFTR molecule contains a functional aqueous pathway, anion, water, and urea transport were measured in Xenopus oocytes expressing CFTR. Cyclic AMP agonists induced a Cl- conductance of 94 microsiemens and an increase in water permeability of 4 x 10(-4) centimeter per second that was inhibited by a Cl- channel blocker and was dependent on anion composition. CFTR has a calculated single channel water conductance of 9 x 10(-13) cubic centimeter per second, suggesting a pore-like aqueous pathway. Oocytes expressing CFTR also showed cAMP-stimulated transport of urea but not the larger solute sucrose. Thus CFTR contains a cAMP-stimulated aqueous pore that can transport anions, water, and small solutes. The results also provide functional evidence for water movement through an ion channel.
Bayesian Semiparametric Regression: An Exposition and Application to Print Advertising Data (1997)

A new regression based approach is proposed for modeling marketing databases. The approach is Bayesian and provides a number of significant improvements over current methods. Independent variables can enter into the model in either a parametric or nonparametric manner, significant variables can be identified from a large number of potential regressors and an appropriate transformation of the dependent variable can be automatically selected from a discrete set of pre-specified candidate transformations. All these features are estimated simultaneously and automatically using a Bayesian hierarchical model coupled with a Gibbs sampling scheme. Being Bayesian, it is straightforward to introduce subjective information about the relative importance of each variable, or with regard to a suitable data transformation. The methodology is applied to print advertising Starch data collected from thirteen issues of an Australian women's monthly magazine. The empirical results highlight the complex and detailed relationships that can be uncovered using the methodology.
SubFlow: Towards practical flow-level traffic classification (2012)

Many research efforts propose the use of flow-level features (e.g., packet sizes and inter-arrival times) and machine learning algorithms to solve the traffic classification problem. However, these statistical methods have not made the anticipated impact in the real world. We attribute this to two main reasons: (a) training the classifiers and bootstrapping the system is cumbersome, (b) the resulting classifiers have limited ability to adapt gracefully as the traffic behavior changes. In this paper, we propose an approach that is easy to bootstrap and deploy, as well as robust to changes in the traffic, such as the emergence of new applications. The key novelty of our classifier is that it learns to identify the traffic of each application in isolation, instead of trying to distinguish one application from another. This is a very challenging task that hides many caveats and subtleties. To make this possible, we adapt and use subspace clustering, a powerful technique that has not been used before in this context. Subspace clustering allows the profiling of applications to be more precise by automatically eliminating irrelevant features. We show that our approach exhibits very high accuracy in classifying each application on five traces from different ISPs captured between 2005 and 2011. This new way of looking at application classification could generate powerful and practical solutions in the space of traffic monitoring and network management.
Biliary exosomes influence cholangiocyte regulatory mechanisms and proliferation through interaction with primary cilia (2010)

Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that are thought to participate in intercellular communication. Recent work from our laboratory suggests that, in normal and cystic liver, exosome-like vesicles accumulate in the lumen of intrahepatic bile ducts, presumably interacting with cholangiocyte cilia. However, direct evidence for exosome-ciliary interaction is limited and the physiological relevance of such interaction remains unknown. Thus, in this study, we tested the hypothesis that biliary exosomes are involved in intercellular communication by interacting with cholangiocyte cilia and inducing intracellular signaling and functional responses. Exosomes were isolated from rat bile by differential ultracentrifugation and characterized by scanning, transmission, and immunoelectron microscopy. The exosome-ciliary interaction and its effects on ERK1/2 signaling, expression of the microRNA, miR-15A, and cholangiocyte proliferation were studied on ciliated and deciliated cultured normal rat cholangiocytes. Our results show that bile contains vesicles identified as exosomes by their size, characteristic "saucer-shaped" morphology, and specific markers, CD63 and Tsg101. When NRCs were exposed to isolated biliary exosomes, the exosomes attached to cilia, inducing a decrease of the phosphorylated-to-total ERK1/2 ratio, an increase of miR-15A expression, and a decrease of cholangiocyte proliferation. All these effects of biliary exosomes were abolished by the pharmacological removal of cholangiocyte cilia. Our findings suggest that bile contains exosomes functioning as signaling nanovesicles and influencing intracellular regulatory mechanisms and cholangiocyte proliferation through interaction with primary cilia.
Location of a Major Susceptibility Locus for Familial Schizophrenia on Chromosome 1q21-q22 (2000)

Schizophrenia is a complex disorder, and there is substantial evidence supporting a genetic etiology. Despite this, prior attempts to localize susceptibility loci have produced predominantly suggestive findings. A genome-wide scan for schizophrenia susceptibility loci in 22 extended families with high rates of schizophrenia provided highly significant evidence of linkage to chromosome 1 (1q21-q22), with a maximum heterogeneity logarithm of the likelihood of linkage (lod) score of 6.50. This linkage result should provide sufficient power to allow the positional cloning of the underlying susceptibility gene.