gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Eye/Voice Mission Planning Interface (EVMPI). (1995)

Abstract : Pilots and other crew station operators need better ways of interacting with their systems, including more efficient human-machine dialog and better physical interface devices and interaction techniques. The goal of the Eye/Voice Mission Planning Interface (EVMPI) research is to integrate voice recognition and eye-tracking technology with aviation displays in order to reduce pilot cognitive and manual workload. The EVMPI technology allows an operator to gaze on user interface items of interest and issue verbal commands/queries that can be interpreted by the system, thus permitting hands-free operation of cockpit displays. This report describes the concept for the EVMPI, general principles for integrating eye and voice input, an EVMPI architecture, and the user interface implementation and evaluation of several aviation mission planning tasks. A primary benefit that arises from the integration of multiple input modalities to infer user intent is that robust performance can be obtained, even when the component technologies (eye and voice) are imperfect. This reduces the accuracy requirements on the individual technologies. GOMS models for eye/voice and conventional throttle/stick interaction protocols were developed for a select set of operator tasks. A preliminary comparison reveals that eye/voice interaction can significantly reduce the total number of operations that need to be performed in particular tasks. Additional empirical research is required to substantiate these findings and to generalize the results to broad classes of operator tasks.
The Anamnestic Neutralizing Antibody Response Is Critical for Protection of Mice from Challenge following Vaccination with a Plasmid Encoding the Japanese Encephalitis Virus Premembrane and Envelope Genes (1999)

For Japanese encephalitis (JE), we previously reported that recombinant vaccine-induced protection from disease does not prevent challenge virus replication in mice. Moreover, DNA vaccines for JE can provide protection from high challenge doses in the absence of detectable prechallenge neutralizing antibodies. In the present study, we evaluated the role of postchallenge immune responses in determining the outcome of JE virus infection, using mice immunized with a plasmid, pcDNA3JEME, encoding the JE virus premembrane (prM) and envelope (E) coding regions. In the first experiment, 10 mice were vaccinated once (five animals) or twice (remainder) with 100 micrograms of pcDNA3JEME. All of these mice showed low (6 of 10) or undetectable (4 of 10) levels of neutralizing antibodies. Interestingly, eight of these animals showed a rapid rise in neutralizing antibody following challenge with 10,000 50% lethal doses of JE virus and survived for 21 days, whereas only one of the two remaining animals survived. No unimmunized animals exhibited a rise of neutralizing antibody or survived challenge. Levels of JE virus-specific immunoglobulin M class antibodies were elevated following challenge in half of the unimmunized mice and in the single pcDNA3JEME-immunized mouse that died. In the second experiment, JE virus-specific primary cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) activity was detected in BALB/c mice immunized once with 100 micrograms of pcDNA3JEME 4 days after challenge, indicating a strong postchallenge recall of CTLs. In the third experiment, evaluation of induction of CTLs and antibody activity by plasmids containing portions of the prM/E cassette demonstrated that induction of CTL responses alone were not sufficient to prevent death. Finally, we showed that antibody obtained from pcDNA3JEME-immunized mice 4 days following challenge could partially protect recipient mice from lethal challenge. Taken together, these results indicate that neutralizing antibody produced following challenge provides the critical protective component in pcDNA3JEME-vaccinated mice.
Transient upregulation of Nkx2.2 expression in oligodendrocyte lineage cells during remyelination (2004)

While numerous oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) exist in the adult central nervous system (CNS), the molecular signals that promote or inhibit their differentiation into mature oligodendrocytes (OLs) are not known. To investigate whether remyelination in the adult CNS is regulated by the same mechanisms that promote developmental myelination, we used an acute demyelinating/remyelinating lesion in the adult rat spinal cord to examine the expression of the homeodomain transcription factor Nkx2.2, which has previously been implicated in oligodendrocyte differentiation during embryonic development. After a demyelinating insult, Nkx2.2 expression was upregulated first in NG2-expressing OPCs surrounding the lesion and subsequently in both precursors and OLs that appeared inside the lesion prior to the onset of remyelination. The temporal and spatial pattern of Nkx2.2 upregulation coincided with that of oligodendrocyte differentiation characterized in our previous study. A similar increase in the level of Nkx2.2 expression was observed in the postnatal developing optic nerve in a wave from the proximal to the distal retinal end. In vitro Nkx2.2 was expressed in OPCs and immature OLs isolated from postnatal rat spinal cord but was absent from mature OLs. These observations indicate that the process of generating new OLs in a remyelinating lesion recapitulates the developmental program involving activation of the Nkx2.2 gene, which may trigger the existing NG2-expressing precursors in the adult CNS to undergo terminal differentiation into remyelinating OLs.
Ultrafast monoenergetic electron source by optical waveform control of surface plasmons (2008)

We propose coherent control of photoelectron acceleration at metal surfaces mediated by surface plasmon polaritons. A high degree of spectral and spatial control of the emission process can be exercised by amplitude and phase controlling the optical waveform (including the carrier-envelope phase) of the plasmon generating few-cycle laser pulse. Numerical results show that the emitted electron beam is highly directional and monoenergetic suggesting applications in contemporary ultrafast methods where ultrashort, well-behaved electron pulses are required.
Analysis of degradation mechanisms in lattice-matched InAlN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors (2009)

We address degradation aspects of lattice-matched unpassivated InAlN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs). Stress conditions include an off-state stress, a semi-on stress (with a partially opened channel), and a negative gate bias stress (with source and drain contacts grounded). Degradation is analyzed by measuring the drain current, a threshold voltage, a Schottky contact barrier height, a gate leakage and an ideality factor, an access, and an intrinsic channel resistance, respectively. For the drain-gate bias &amp;lt;38 V parameters are only reversibly degraded due to charging of the pre-existing surface states. This is in a clear contrast to reported AlGaN/GaN HEMTs where an irreversible damage and a lattice relaxation have been found for similar conditions. For drain-gate biases over 38 V InAlN/GaN HEMTs show again only temporal changes for the negative gate bias stresses; however, irreversible damage was found for the off-state and for the semi-on stresses. Most severe changes, an increase in the intrinsic channel resistance by one order of magnitude and a decrease in the drain current by ∼70%, are found after the off-state ∼50 V drain-gate bias stresses. We conclude that in the off-state condition hot electrons may create defects or ionize deep states in the GaN buffer or at the InAlN/GaN interface. If an InAlN/GaN HEMT channel is opened during the stress, lack of the strain in the barrier layer is beneficial for enhancing the device stability.
Generation of Active Oxidant Species by Pulsed Dielectric Barrier Discharge in Water-Air Mixtures (2006)

Experimental research into the electrical and optical parameters of pulsed dielectric barrier discharge (PDBD) was undertaken. PDBD was applied to humid air containing water droplets as a means of water oxidative treatment with short-living species generated in the discharge zone. In spectral analysis of PDBD, only small concentrations of nitric oxides were detected at the resulting electric field strength and electron mean energy sufficient for generation of OH-radicals. The water droplets served as electric field strength concentrators: PDBD was ignited close to the water droplets' surface.
Effect of the protein kinase C inhibitor staurosporine on chemosensitivity to daunorubicin of normal and leukemic fresh myeloid cells (1994)

The effect of the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor staurosporine (ST) on the chemosensitivity of normal (colony-forming unit granulocyte-macrophage [CFU-GM]) and leukemic (acute myeloid leukemia-CFU [AML-CFU]) myeloid progenitors to daunorubicin (DNR) was evaluated. Primary colony inhibition assays allowed us to characterize two distinct groups of AML, a DNR-resistant group (patients no. 1 through 6), which displayed significantly lower DNR sensitivity than normal CFU-GM (D50 = 11.3 +/- 1.4 ng/mL v 1.8 +/- 0.5 ng/mL, after 7 days of exposure, respectively; P < 0.01) and a DNR-sensitive group (patients no. 7 through 12) with D50 = 2.7 +/- 0.4 ng/mL. This classification remained unaltered when assessed by secondary colony inhibition assay (evaluating the self-renewal fraction of AML-CFU) or by viability assay (evaluating the ultimately differentiated blast cell population), suggesting that the DNR sensitivity profile in maintained throughout AML-CFU differentiation. DNR resistance of the differentiated blast cell population was not correlated with the level of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expression but rather with the ability to extrude rhodamine 123 (Rh123). ST used at subtoxic concentrations induced a twofold to threefold enhancement of DNR cytotoxicity, increased Rh123 accumulation, and decreased Rh123 efflux kinetics in resistant AML cells. These effects were observed for ST concentrations much lower than those required to displace the P-gp-binding probe azidoprazosin, suggesting that ST might act through its PKC inhibitory effect and not through P-gp binding. Finally, this study provides evidence that DNR resistance in AML cells is, at least in part, related to the multidrug-resistance (MDR) phenotype. Because P-gp function can be downregulated by ST, it seems likely that the MDR pheno-type can be functionally regulated by cellular signalization in AML cells.
Novel tight-binding inhibitors of leukotriene A4 hydrolase (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNovel tight-binding inhibitors of leukotriene A4 hydrolaseWei Yuan, Chi Huey Wong, Jesper Z. Haeggstroem, Anders Wetterholm, and Bengt SamuelssonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 16, 6552–6553Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1992https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00042a041Request reuse permissionsArticle Views154Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (285 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
P wave detector with PP rhythm tracking: evaluation in different arrhythmia contexts (2008)

Automatic detection of atrial activity (P waves) in an electrocardiogram (ECG) is a crucial task to diagnose the presence of arrhythmias. The P wave is difficult to detect and most of the approaches in the literature have been evaluated on normal sinus rhythms and rarely considered arrhythmia contexts other than atrial flutter and fibrillation. A novel knowledge-based P wave detector algorithm is presented. It is self-adaptive to the patient and able to deal with certain arrhythmias by tracking the PP rhythm. The detector has been tested on 12 records of the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database containing several ventricular and supra-ventricular arrhythmias. On the overall records, the detector demonstrates Se = 96.60% and Pr = 95.46%; for the normal sinus rhythm, it reaches Se = 97.76% and Pr = 96.80% and, in the case of Mobitz type II, it demonstrates Se = 72.79% and Pr = 99.51%. It also shows good performance for trigeminy and bigeminy, and outperforms some more sophisticated techniques. Although the results emphasize the difficulty of P wave detection in difficult arrhythmias (supra and ventricular tachycardias), it shows that domain knowledge can efficiently support signal processing techniques.
A 4 watt Ka-band quasi-optical amplifier (2003)

This paper reports on demonstrated results for a 4 W, 16 dB gain Ka-band Quasi-Optical (QO) amplifier. This amplifier consists of a 13 element two-sided active array with a hard-horn feed. Excess heat is removed via a metal carrier integrated into the array. Each unit-cell consists of patch antennas, cascaded MMIC amplifiers and a unique through-thick-plate coupler. Performance and construction details are discussed. Preliminary results from a 45 element design are also included.
A filter to remove backscattered electrons for energy-dispersive analysis in a scanning microscope (1979)

A readily demountable filter to remove the background caused by backscattered electrons entering the detector of a scanning electron microscope is described. This is shown to be particularly effective at high accelerating voltages and for elements of high atomic number.
Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion at 25 Years (2002)

Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) is used in selected type 1 diabetic subjects to achieve strict blood glucose control. A quarter of a century after its introduction, world-wide use of CSII is increasing. We review the evidence base that justifies this increase, including effectiveness compared with modern intensified insulin injection regimens and concern about possible complications. Review of controlled trials shows that, in most patients, mean blood glucose concentrations and glycated hemoglobin percentages are either slightly lower or similar on CSII versus multiple insulin injections. However, hypoglycemia is markedly less frequent than during intensive injection therapy. Ketoacidosis occurs at the same rate. Nocturnal glycemic control is improved with insulin pumps, and automatic basal rate changes help to minimize a prebreakfast blood glucose increase (the "dawn phenomenon") often seen with injection therapy. Patients with "brittle" diabetes characterized by recurrent ketoacidosis are often not improved by CSII, although there may be exceptions. We argue that explicit clinical indications for CSII are helpful; we suggest the principal indications for health service or health insurance-funded CSII should include frequent, unpredictable hypoglycemia or a marked dawn phenomenon, which persist after attempts to improve control with intensive insulin injection regimens. In any circumstances, candidates for CSII must be motivated, willing and able to undertake pump therapy, and adequately psychologically stable. Some diabetic patients with well-defined clinical problems are likely to benefit substantially from CSII and should not be denied a trial of the treatment. Their number is relatively small, as would therefore be the demand on funds set aside for this purpose.
Stem Cell Therapy for Stress Urinary Incontinence: A Critical Review (2011)

Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is a prevailing health problem that severely impacts quality of life. Because SUI is mainly due to urethral sphincter deficiency, several preclinical and clinical trials have investigated whether transplantation of patient's own skeletal muscle–derived cells (SkMDCs) can restore the sphincter musculature. The specific cell type of SkMDCs has been described as myoblasts, satellite cells, muscle progenitor cells, or muscle-derived stem cells, and thus may vary from study to study. In more recent years, other stem cell (SC) types have also been tested, including those from the bone marrow, umbilical cord blood, and adipose tissue. These studies were mostly preclinical and utilized rat SUI models that were established predominantly by pudendal or sciatic nerve injury. Less frequently used animal models were sphincter injury and vaginal distension. While transurethral injection of SCs was employed almost exclusively in clinical trials, periurethral injection was used in all preclinical trials. Intravenous injection was also used in one preclinical study. Functional assessment of therapeutic efficacy in preclinical studies has relied almost exclusively on leak point pressure measurement. Histological assessment examined the sphincter muscle content, existence of transplanted SCs, and possible differentiation of these SCs. While all of these studies reported favorable functional and histological outcomes, there are questions about the validity of the animal model and claims of multilineage differentiation. In any event, SC transplantation appears to be a promising treatment for SUI.
Cartoon dioramas in motion (2002)

Cartoon animations delight the audience with moving characters but they remain on a flat 2D screen. The cartoon dioramas, on the other hand, are detailed, three-dimensional and allow physical interaction but they are static. We present techniques to combine the two in some limited cases. We illuminate static physical models with projectors. The images are generated with real time three dimensional computer graphics. We describe a system to demonstrate various visual effects such as non-photorealistic shading, apparent motion and virtual lighting on a toy-car model.
Dynamic super resolution of depth sequences with non-rigid motions (2013)

We enhance the resolution of depth videos acquired with low resolution time-of-flight cameras. To that end, we propose a new dedicated dynamic super-resolution that is capable to accurately super-resolve a depth sequence containing one or multiple moving objects without strong constraints on their shape or motion, thus clearly outperforming any existing super-resolution techniques that perform poorly on depth data and are either restricted to global motions or not precise because of an implicit estimation of motion. The proposed approach is based on a new data model that leads to a robust registration of all depth frames after a dense upsampling. The textureless nature of depth images allows to robustly handle sequences with multiple moving objects as confirmed by our experiments.
A large-area PSPMT based gamma-ray imager with edge reclamation (2002)

We describe a coded aperture, gamma-ray imager which uses a CsI(Na) scintillator coupled to a Hamamatsu R3292 position-sensitive photomultiplier tube (PSPMT) as the position-sensitive detector. We have modified the normal resistor divider readout of the PSPMT to allow use of nearly the full 10 cm diameter active area of the PSPMT with a single scintillator crystal one centimeter thick. This is a significant performance improvement over that obtained with the standard readout technique where the linearity and position resolution start to degrade at radii as small as 3.0 cm with a crystal 0.75 cm thick. This represents a recovery of over 60% of the PSPMT active area. The performance increase allows the construction of an imager with a field of view 20 resolution elements in diameter with useful quantum efficiency from 60-700 keV. In this paper we describe the readout technique, its implementation in a coded aperture imager and the performance of that imager.
IFN-α and IL-12 Induce IL-18 Receptor Gene Expression in Human NK and T Cells (2000)

IL-18 is a proinflammatory cytokine that enhances innate and specific Th1 immune responses. During microbial infections, IL-18 is produced by activated macrophages. IL-18 exerts its effects in synergy with IFN-alpha or IL-12 to induce IFN-gamma. Here we show that in human NK and T cells IFN-alpha and IL-12 strongly up-regulate mRNA expression of the IL-18R components, accessory protein-like (AcPL) and IL-1R-related protein (IL-1Rrp). In addition, IFN-alpha enhanced the expression of MyD88, an adaptor molecule involved in IL-18 signaling. Pretreatment of T cells with IFN-alpha or IL-12 enhanced IL-18-induced NF-kappaB activation and sensitized the cells to respond to lower concentrations of IL-18. AcPL and IL-1Rrp genes were strongly expressed in T cells polarized with IL-12, whereas in IL-4-polarized cells these genes were expressed at very low levels, indicating that AcPL and IL-1Rrp genes are preferentially expressed in Th1 cells. In conclusion, the results suggest that IFN-alpha and IL-12 enhance innate as well as Th1 immune response by inducing IL-18R expression.
Interspecies scaling and comparisons in drug development and toxicokinetics (1990)

1. Methods of interspecies extrapolation using physiological models and allometric scaling have been reviewed with their possible application to drug development, both for candidate drug selection and the interpretation of toxicokinetic data. 2. Physiological models offer a mechanistic approach to extrapolation from one species to another, examining individual components which interrelate to produce the characteristics of the whole system. Tissues of interest are arranged in anatomical order based on blood circulation, and the disposition of a drug can be simulated with knowledge of tissue size (volume), tissue perfusion (blood flow), drug permeability, binding of the drug between the tissue and blood (partition), as well as elimination. Using this approach the behaviour of the drug under different conditions, such as dose route, disease state or animal species, can be predicted. 3. The alternative approach of allometric scaling is an empirical examination of relationships between size, time and its consequences. A regression of the logarithm of the pharmacokinetic parameter and the logarithm of the body weight of the animal species produces a linear relationship which enables the value of pharmacokinetic parameters in any animal species to be calculated from the product of an allometric coefficient and the body weight to a power function. 4. Whilst this technique gives acceptable predictions for the pharmacokinetics of those drugs eliminated renally, or which are blood flow-dependent, there is poor prediction for humans for low clearance drugs primarily eliminated by the mixed-function oxidase system. This appears to be a result of differences in maturation, and can be corrected for by including a brain weight or maximum life-span potential term into the allometric equation. 5. Of the two approaches described for extrapolation of pharmacokinetics between animal species, physiological models tend to be resource-demanding and costly, with more frequent failures, but can be invaluable for examining target organ exposure and for the targeting of drugs as in cancer chemotherapy. For routine drug development, however, allometric scaling is potentially more useful since it uses data which are routinely obtained and the calculations are relatively simple. 6. The problems of intraspecies scaling from high-dose data to low-dose predictions are discussed with respect to current models of dose levels. A new approach is proposed using a modified Hill equation based on drug exposure, which should allow for a more meaningful determination of the toxicity of a compound with different drug exposures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)