gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Discovery and evaluation of non-taxonomic relations in domain ontologies (2009)

The identification and labelling of non-hierarchical relations are among the most challenging tasks in ontology learning. This paper describes a bottom-up approach for automatically suggesting ontology link types. The presented method extracts verb-vectors from semantic relations identified in the domain corpus, aggregates them by computing centroids for known relation types, and stores the centroids in a central knowledge base. Comparing verb-vectors extracted from unknown relations with the stored centroids yields link type suggestions. Domain experts evaluate these suggestions, refining the knowledge base and constantly improving the component's accuracy. A final evaluation provides a detailed statistical analysis of the introduced approach.
On the Use of Filter Banks for Parallel Digital Signal Processing (2013)

Abstract – In parallel processing of digital signals, we require an algorithm which can be “parallelized ” to take advantage of multiple processing units or a signal decomposition whereby each component in the signal decomposition can be processed in parallel. The filter bank is introduced as one way to provide a signal decomposition useful in parallel signal processing. In this paper, we review fundamentals of filter bank theory and provide a filter bank application suitable for parallel architectures. 1
&lt;title&gt;Interactive query and visualization of medical images on the World Wide Web&lt;/title&gt; (1996)

The World Wide Web (WWW) is becoming the predominant force for global information dissemination. The Web browsers are originally designed for the client computers to navigate and display hypermedia documents and image bitmaps stored at the server machines. Their capabilities must be extended with database query and interactive visualization before the Web could be useful for the medical imaging community. This paper presents the system design and tools for interactive query and visualization of medical images on the Web. Examples from breast and brain imaging applications are used to illustrate the operations and capabilities of such tools.
Investigation of the conduction properties of phosphoric and sulfuric acid doped polybenzimidazole (1999)

When complexed with a strong inorganic acid such as sulfuric or phosphoric acid, films of polybenzimidazole (PBI) show two types of behaviour, depending on the time of immersion in the corresponding acid bath. The first type, prepared at shorter doping times, has conductivity in the range 10–5–10–4 S cm–1, whilst the second, of conductivity >10–3 S cm–1 is formed after more prolonged immersion. The ‘switch-over' from one state to the other is at 10–11 h in H3PO4, and 2–3 h in H2SO4. PBI has a remarkable capacity to concentrate H3PO4 and, even in an acid bath of concentration 3 mol dm–3, the acid concentration within a PBI membrane is ca. 14.5 mol dm–3. IR spectroscopy performed on hydrated PBI membranes as a function of temperature, and on acid-complexed membranes as a function of the amount of sorbed acid confirms proton transfer from H3PO4 to the imino groups of PBI and, at high doping levels, the presence of undissociated H3PO4.
Synthesis and characterization of tetrafunctional lactic acid oligomers: A potential in situ forming degradable orthopaedic biomaterial (2001)

Tetrafunctional lactic acid oligomers with low molecular weight ethylene glycol cores were synthesized and characterized to assess their applicability to orthopaedics. Utilizing a visible light photoinitiating system, these oligomers polymerize within minutes to form highly crosslinked networks and, thus, have potential for in situ formation. Varying the oligomer structure readily alters the physical properties of the resultant polymer networks. For instance, mechanical properties were highly dependent on the number of lactic acid and ethylene glycol units in the oligomer backbone. Additionally, polymer mass loss ranged from ∼30 to 60% within 8 weeks of degradation time depending on the oligomer chemistry. Mechanical properties decreased with degradation of these polymers, indicating a bulk degradation mechanism. Finally, scaffolds with a controlled architecture were fabricated from these oligomers that show potential for tissue-engineering applications. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 39: 683–692, 2001
Fast on-line OSNR measurements based on polarisation-nulling method with downhill simplex algorithm (2008)

A fast on-line OSNR measurement technique which uses the downhill simplex algorithm as a minimum finder is proposed and tested in CW signals for different OSNR levels with excellent agreement. The method is shown to be stable after 8 h of uninterrupted operation and is not affected by environmental temperature change during the test.
Analyses of mode coupling in joined parallel phononic crystal waveguides (2005)

In this paper, we present an analysis of coupling effects in joined parallel phononic crystal waveguides. The finite difference time domain (FDTD) method with periodic boundary condition is adopted to analyze the band gaps and dispersion relation of phononic waveguides. The defect modes of a single phononic waveguide are analyzed and first discussed to serve as a basis for a joined waveguides system. Then, the dispersion relation and displacement field of supermodes of joined waveguides are calculated and discussed. Both displacement pattern and transmission coefficient of the defect modes are calculated. To transfer the power from one waveguide to another, the coupling lengths are evaluated by numerical experiments and can be understood by the concept of beat length. Finally, we analyze an elastic waveguide coupler and demonstrate that the coupler can potentially be employed as a power switch of the acoustic wave.
Intensive psychotherapy of psychosis in a decade of change. (1992)

The past decade has brought extraordinarily rapid changes to the treatment of patients with severe mental illnesses. Changes evolved from advances in technologic and pharmacologic understanding as well as from complex fiscal and political pressures. Increasingly, regimented standardization in approach narrows the range of treatment options. Both within and outside of psychiatry, some disparage psychodynamic approaches. Psychiatrists are required to accept as plausible standardized and constricted time frames for evaluation and treatment. Thus we are asked to view the mind's storms as strictly neuronally based and to view our patients as passively compliant. By implication, treatment alliance is to be cemented by a prescription and authority. This paper presents clinical material drawn from hospital-based experience at The Chestnut Lodge Hospital, Rockville, Maryland, meant to place current trends in an historic context. The author offers possible alternatives to resignation in the face of current pressures.
Neratinib (HKI-272), an irreversible pan erbB receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor: phase 2 results in patients with advanced HER2+ breast cancer. (2009)

Abstract Abstract #37 Background: Neratinib (HKI-272) irreversibly inhibits the tyrosine kinase receptors, erbB1 (EGFR) and erbB2 (HER2). In a phase 1 study, neratinib was tolerable and demonstrated antitumor activity in patients (pts) with solid tumors, including 8 of 25 evaluable pts with erbB2-positive advanced breast cancer. In this open-label, 2-arm phase 2 study, pts with stage IIIB, IIIC or IV erbB2-positive advanced breast cancer were evaluated to further characterize the safety and efficacy of neratinib.&amp;#x2028; Methods: ErbB2 gene amplification in tumor tissue, by FISH was a requirement for study entry. Pts were assigned to arm A if they had prior treatment with trastuzumab and to arm B if they had no prior treatment with trastuzumab or other erbB2-targeted drug. All pts received oral doses of 240 mg of neratinib daily. The primary endpoint was progression-free (PFS) survival rate at 16 weeks (wks).&amp;#x2028; Results: Enrollment of 136 pts (arm A: 66 pts; arm B: 70 pts; median age 50 years [range 31-83 years]) was completed in November 2007. Common neratinib-related adverse events (AEs), any grade, were diarrhea (89%), nausea (29%), vomiting (23%), fatigue (16%), and anorexia (15%). Diarrhea was the only ≥grade 3 AE that occurred in ≥5% of pts, 26/136 (19%) total pts, 27% in arm A and 11% in arm B. Dose reductions occurred in 27% total pts, 36% in arm A and 19% in arm B, most commonly because of diarrhea. The main reasons for discontinuation of the study were disease progression (arm A: 74%, arm B: 43%), and AEs (arm A: 8%, arm B: 4%).&amp;#x2028; 124 pts (arm A: 61 pts, arm B: 63 pts) were evaluable for efficacy based on independent assessment and 131 pts (arm A: 65 pts, arm B: 66 pts) were evaluable based on investigator assessment. The objective response rates (complete or partial response) were 26% (95% CI 16%, 39%) in arm A, 51% (95% CI: 38%, 64%) in arm B for independent assessment and 34% (95% CI: 23%, 47%) in arm A, 62% (95% CI: 49%, 74%) in arm B for investigator assessment. The 16-wk PFS rates were 61% in arm A, 75% in arm B (independent); 57% in arm A, and 78% in arm B (investigator). The median PFS for independent [and investigator assessment] was 23 [22] wks in arm A and 40 [35] wks in arm B.&amp;#x2028; Discussion: Neratinib demonstrates robust antitumor activity in pts with erbB2-positive advanced breast cancer, with objective response rates of 26% in pts who had prior treatment with trastuzumab and 51% in pts who had no prior treatment with trastuzumab. Additional updated efficacy and safety data will be presented. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 37.
Use of chirps in medical ultrasound imaging (2012)

A "chirp" is a frequency modulated signal widely used in ultrasound imaging to increase the signal-to-noise ratio and penetration depth. In medical ultrasound imaging, resolution and penetration are two major criteria that&#13;\nare inversely proportional. Because of this inverse relation, short duration pulses cannot achieve a high resolution with good penetration. The reasons&#13;\nfor this trade-off are the decrease in signal energy due to shorter pulse duration and the attenuation in tissue, which increases with the excitation frequency. The chirp coded excitation however can increase the total transmitted energy using longer pulse durations, while the resolution can be recovered by decoding on receive. Therefore, chirp signals offer potential advantages over single carrier short duration pulses for medical imaging.&#13;\n&#13;\nThis work addresses the possible problems encountered in medical ultrasound imaging with chirps and offers new solutions to these problems in terms of signal processing. These proposed solutions are then applied to three major categories of medical ultrasound imaging; hard-tissue ultrasound imaging, soft-tissue ultrasound imaging and contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging.&#13;\n&#13;\nThe application of coded excitation in medical ultrasound imaging is the main motivation behind this work. Therefore, the concepts of frequency modulation and matched filtering are introduced first, and ultrasound specicific problems for pulse compression of chirps are discussed. Examples are&#13;\ngiven on specific applications and circumstances, where the performance of the traditional pulse compression techniques drops significantly.&#13;\n&#13;\nAlternate methods of pulse compression and filtering of frequency modulated chirps using the Fractional Fourier transform (FrFT) and the Fan Chirp transform (FChT) are presented. Rather than restricting the chirp analysis in the time or frequency domain; these proposed methods transform the signal of interest into a new domain, which is more suitable to analyse frequency modulated chirps.
The Met receptor tyrosine kinase transduces motility, proliferation, and morphogenic signals of scatter factor/hepatocyte growth factor in epithelial cells. (1993)

Depending on the target cells and culture conditions, scatter factor/hepatocyte growth factor (SF/HGF) mediates several distinct activities, i.e., cell motility, proliferation, invasiveness, tubular morphogenesis, angiogenesis, or cytotoxicity. A small isoform of SF/HGF encoded by a natural splice variant, which consists of the NH2-terminal hairpin structure and the first two kringle domains but not the protease homology region, induces cell motility but not mitogenesis. Two types of SF/HGF receptors have recently been discovered in epithelial cells, the high affinity c-Met receptor tyrosine kinase, and low affinity/high capacity binding sites, which are probably located on heparan sulfate proteoglycans. In the present study, we have addressed the question whether the various biological activities of SF/HGF are transduced into cells by a single type of receptor. We have here examined MDCK epithelial cells transfected with a hybrid cDNA encoding the ligand binding domain of the nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor and the membrane-spanning and tyrosine kinase domains of the Met receptor. We demonstrate that all biological effects of SF/HGF upon epithelial cells such as the induction of cell motility, proliferation, invasiveness, and tubular morphogenesis can now be triggered by the addition of NGF. Thus, it is likely that all known biological signals of SF/HGF are transduced through the receptor tyrosine kinase encoded by the c-Met protooncogene.
Long and short chain branching frequency in low density polyethylene (LDPE) (1988)

Abstract
Performance analysis of microcellular mobile communication systems (2002)

The performance of microcellular mobile communication systems such as the handover priority system, the overlaying macrocell system, and handover priority with overlaying macrocell system are evaluated and compared to that of the standard microcellular system by using spectrum efficiency, grade of service, and total efficiency as evaluation criteria. The total efficiency is composed of spectrum efficiency, blocking probability, and forced termination probability, and represents the comprehensive performance of the systems. Computational results suggest that high efficiency can be achieved by applying the overlaying macrocell system when the offered traffic is low and the handover priority system when it is high. Also the combined system, i.e., handover priority with overlaying macrocell system, is expected to have higher efficiency over the wide range of the offered traffic.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Novel Tools for Production and Purification of Recombinant Adenoassociated Virus Vectors (1998)

Standard protocols for the generation of adenoassociated virus type 2 (AAV-2)-based vectors for human gene therapy applications require cotransfection of cells with a recombinant AAV (rAAV) vector plasmid and a packaging plasmid that provides the AAV rep and cap genes. The transfected cells must also be overinfected with a helper virus, e.g., adenovirus (Ad), which delivers multiple helper functions necessary for rAAV production. Therefore, rAAV stocks produced using these protocols are contaminated with helper adenovirus. The generation of a novel packaging/helper plasmid, pDG, containing all AAV and Ad functions required for amplification and packaging of AAV vector plasmids, is described here. Cotransfection of cells with pDG and an AAV vector plasmid was sufficient for production of infectious rAAV, resulting in helper virus-free rAAV stocks. The rAAV titers obtained using pDG as packaging plasmid were up to 10-fold higher than those achieved using conventional protocols for rAAV production. Replacement of the AAV-2 p5 promoter by an MMTV-LTR promoter in pDG led to reduced expression of Rep78/68; however, expression of the VP proteins was significantly increased compared with VP levels from standard packaging plasmids. Immunofluorescence analyses showed that the strong accumulation of VP proteins in pDG-transfected cells resulted in enhanced AAV capsid assembly, which is limiting for efficient rAAV production. Furthermore, using a monoclonal antibody highly specific for AAV-2 capsids (A20), an rAAV affinity purification procedure protocol was established. The application of the tools described here led to a significant improvement in recombinant AAV vector production and purification.
Equilibrium water content and glistenings in acrylic intraocular lenses (2004)

The change in the equilibrium water content caused by temperature changes between 30 degrees C and 40 degrees C is an important factor in glistening formation, and thus an IOL featuring less temperature-dependent water absorption is less likely to form glistenings.
Movie Mode Dynamic Transmission Electron Microscopy (DTEM): Multiple Frame Movies of Transient States in Materials with Nanosecond Time Resolution (2011)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2011 in Nashville, Tennessee, USA, August 7–August 11, 2011.
Advances in Lipid-Based Platforms for RNAi Therapeutics (2013)

Sequence-specific gene silencing, known as RNA interference (RNAi), is a natural process that can be exploited for knocking-down specific genes involved in the insurgence/development of pathological processes. In 2001 the discovery that small interfering RNA (siRNA) can induce gene silencing without immunoresponse turned RNAi into a promising technique for the control of post-transcriptional gene expression. Nowadays, the major challenge remains infusion in vivo. Therefore, vehicles providing protection and selective transport are to be developed for efficient systemic delivery. The most used vectors are lipid-based, offering a wide range of biocompatible formulations. Here their application in molecular medicine is discussed, especially with regard to recent clinical trials where conventional therapies have failed. The role played by extended physicochemical characterization for the success of RNAi therapeutics is also evidenced.
Trade-offs in the Configuration of a Network on Chip for Multiple Use-Cases (2007)

Systems on chip (SoC) are becoming increasingly complex, with a large number of applications integrated on the same chip. Such a system often supports a large number of use-cases and is dynamically reconfigured when platform conditions or user requirements change. Networks on chip (NoC) offer the designer unsurpassed runtime flexibility. This flexibility stems from the programmability of the individual routers and network interfaces. When a change in use-case occurs, the application task graph and the network connections change. To mitigate the complexity in programming the many registers controlling the NoC, an abstraction in the form of a configuration library is needed. In addition, such a library must leave the modified system in a consistent state, from which normal operation can continue. In this paper we present the facilities for controlling change in a reconfigurable NoC. We show the architectural additions and the many trade-offs in the design of a run-time library for NoC reconfiguration. We qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the performance, memory requirements, predictability and reusability of the different implementations
The embryo—maternal dialogue during early pregnancy in primates (1986)

Introduction Implantation and the establishment of pregnancy is a crucial event in the life of any mammal. The uterine epithelium and endometrium must be prepared to receive the embryo, and the embryo must hatch from the zona pellucida, attach to and invade the maternal tissue. The life of the corpus luteum must be prolonged, and adequate channels of communication must be established rapidly. These channels ensure the flow of nutrients from mother to embryo and the flow of embryonic secretions to the mother that are necessary for pregnancy and embryonic differentiation to be sustained. The sequence of morphological and physiological steps that result in successful implantation has been studied extensively in non-primate species, revealing a bewildering variety of mechanisms and considerable differences between species (Wimsatt, 1975; Perry, 1981; Finn, 1983; McLaren, 1985). In the human and non-human primates knowledge of the peri-implantation period, from fertilization to completion of the luteo-placental
IPCOM GMBH &amp; CO KG v VODAFONE GROUP PLC (2020)

Abstract H1 Patents – Standards essential patents – Technical trial – Construction – Validity – Conditional and unconditional amendments – Added matter – Extension of protection – Obviousness – Essentiality – Infringement – Indirect infringement – Defences – Crown use – De minimis use – Declarations of non-infringement
Structure and Properties of Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Na<sup>+</sup> Montmorillonite Nanocomposites (2000)

Poly(vinyl alcohol)/sodium montmorillonite nanocomposites of various compositions were created by casting from a polymer/silicate water suspension. The composite structure study revealed a coexistence of exfoliated and intercalated MMT layers, especially for low and moderate silicate loadings. The inorganic layers promote a new crystalline phase different than the one of the respective neat PVA, characterized by higher melting temperature and a different crystal structure. This new crystal phase reflects on the composite materials properties. Namely, the hybrid polymer/silicate systems have mechanical, thermal, and water vapor transmission properties, which are superior to that of the neat polymer and its conventionally filled composites. For example, for a 5 wt % MMT exfoliated composite, the softening temperature increases by 25 °C and the Young's modulus triples with a decrease of only 20% in toughness, whereas there is also a 60% reduction in the water permeability. Furthermore, due to the nanoscale dispersion of filler, the nanocomposites retain their optical clarity.