gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Empirical Analysis of Hedonic Regression and Grid‐Adjustment Techniques in Real Estate Appraisal (1991)

Multiple regression analysis has become increasingly popular when appraising residential properties for tax purposes. Alternatively, most fee appraisers and real estate brokers use the traditional sales comparison approach. This study combines the two techniques and uses multiple regression to generate the adjustment coefficients used in the grid adjustment method. The study compares the combined grid‐regression method with ordinary regression and defines the market conditions under which each method is likely to be more effective. The grid‐regression method is found to be more accurate for relatively homogeneous housing markets, and the multiplicative percentage adjustment method (MPAM) the preferred approach.
Gene therapy clinical trials worldwide to 2007—an update (2007)

To date, over 1340 gene therapy clinical trials have been completed, are ongoing or have been approved worldwide. In 1997 we set up a database to bring together global information on gene therapy clinical trials as comprehensively as possible. The data are compiled and regularly updated from official agency sources, published literature, conference presentations and posters and from information kindly provided by investigators or trial sponsors themselves. This review updates our descriptive overview of the data in 2004 1, presenting our analysis of the clinical trials that, to the best of our knowledge, have been or are being performed worldwide. As of July 30 2007, we have stored entries on 1309 trials in 28 countries. We have analyzed the geographical distribution of trials, the disease indications (or other reasons) for trials, the proportions to which different vector types are used, and which genes have been transferred. Details of the analyses presented, and our interactive, searchable database can be found on The Journal of Gene Medicine Gene Therapy Clinical Trials Worldwide website at: http://www.wiley.co.uk/genmed/clinical.
Crystal Structure of Human Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B (1994)

Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) constitute a family of receptor-like and cytoplasmic signal transducing enzymes that catalyze the dephosphorylation of phosphotyrosine residues and are characterized by homologous catalytic domains. The crystal structure of a representative member of this family, the 37-kilodalton form (residues 1 to 321) of PTP1B, has been determined at 2.8 A resolution. The enzyme consists of a single domain with the catalytic site located at the base of a shallow cleft. The phosphate recognition site is created from a loop that is located at the amino-terminus of an alpha helix. This site is formed from an 11-residue sequence motif that is diagnostic of PTPs and the dual specificity phosphatases, and that contains the catalytically essential cysteine and arginine residues. The position of the invariant cysteine residue within the phosphate binding site is consistent with its role as a nucleophile in the catalytic reaction. The structure of PTP1B should serve as a model for other members of the PTP family and as a framework for understanding the mechanism of tyrosine dephosphorylation.
Phase II Study of Pomegranate Juice for Men with Rising Prostate-Specific Antigen following Surgery or Radiation for Prostate Cancer (2006)

We report the first clinical trial of pomegranate juice in patients with prostate cancer. The statistically significant prolongation of PSA doubling time, coupled with corresponding laboratory effects on prostate cancer in vitro cell proliferation and apoptosis as well as oxidative stress, warrant further testing in a placebo-controlled study.
The global greenhouse and Washington, D.C., weather (1993)

Recently, Hansen et al. [1992] discussed climate change in terms of what might be noticeable to residents of cities such as Washington, D.C., and Tokyo. Washington is particularly important because of possible influences on the decision‐making system centered there. Globally, the decade of the 1980s was the warmest on record, with 5 of the warmest years ever recorded (given in descending order by the Climate Institute as 1988, 1983, 1987, 1989, 1981). This forum piece focuses on record daily temperatures, an item not previously considered [ Doe, 1990]; however, more conventional topics also will be discussed.
Passage Re-ranking with BERT (2019)

Recently, neural models pretrained on a language modeling task, such as ELMo (Peters et al., 2017), OpenAI GPT (Radford et al., 2018), and BERT (Devlin et al., 2018), have achieved impressive results on various natural language processing tasks such as question-answering and natural language inference. In this paper, we describe a simple re-implementation of BERT for query-based passage re-ranking. Our system is the state of the art on the TREC-CAR dataset and the top entry in the leaderboard of the MS MARCO passage retrieval task, outperforming the previous state of the art by 27% (relative) in MRR@10. The code to reproduce our results is available at https://github.com/nyu-dl/dl4marco-bert
Frame Rate Up Conversion Based on Variational Image Fusion (2013)

This paper presents a new framework for motion compensated frame rate up conversion (FRUC) based on variational image fusion. The proposed algorithm consists of two steps: 1) generation of multiple intermediate interpolated frames and 2) fusion of those intermediate frames. In the first step, we determine four different sets of the motion vector field using four neighboring frames. We then generate intermediate interpolated frames corresponding to the determined four sets of the motion vector field, respectively. Multiple sets of the motion vector field are used to solve the occlusion problem in motion estimation. In the second step, the four intermediate interpolated frames are fused into a single frame via a variational image fusion process. For effective fusion, we determine fusion weights for each intermediate interpolated frame by minimizing the energy, which consists of a weighted-L1-norm based data energy and gradient-driven smoothness energy. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm improves the performance of FRUC compared with the existing algorithms.
Complement and cellular cytotoxicity in antibody therapy of cancer (2008)

The effective and practical use of mAbs in cancer therapy became a reality with the development of the chimeric anti-CD20 mAb, rituximab. Several additional mAbs have since been approved for clinical use. Despite these successes, the mechanisms by which mAbs mediate antitumor activity are still unclear. Preclinical studies indicate complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) both can contribute to mAb-induced tumor cell lysis. However, evidence related to the relative clinical importance of each mechanism, and whether they are synergistic or antagonistic, is conflicting. New ways to enhance both CDC and ADCC are being developed in attempt to develop a more effective anticancer mAb. Continued research on the mechanisms of mAb therapy will be necessary if we are to take optimal advantage of the current mAbs and develop more effective mAbs in the future.
1987 year end report for road following at Carnegie Mellon (2018)

Robotics Institute
A 5GHz Transformer-Coupled CMOS VCO Using Bias-Level Shifting Technique (2004)

la this paper we report a low phase noise transformeccoupled CMOS VCO using bias-level shining technique. Two fully integrated voltagecoatrolled oscillators (VCOs) are presented as a proof of concept. A conventional LC VCO with a current source achieves a phase noise of - 116.67 dBe/Hz at 1 MHz offset from 5.6 GHz center frequency, taking 3.9 mA from 1.5 V power supply. The proposed transformer-coupled VCO achieves a phase noise of -124.17 dBe/Hz at 1 MHz olfset from a 5.8 GHz carrier frequency with 5.1 mA bias current fmm 1.5 V power supply. The VCO performances are compand with the previously reported CMOS VCOs in the range of 4-6 GHz oscillation frequencies.
γ‐COP Appendage Domain – Structure and Function (2003)

COPI-coated vesicles mediate retrograde transport from the Golgi back to the ER and intra-Golgi transport. The cytosolic precursor of the COPI coat, the heptameric coatomer complex, can be thought of as composed of two subcomplexes. The first consists of the beta-, gamma-, delta- and zeta-COP subunits which are distantly homologous to AP clathrin adaptor subunits. The second consists of the alpha-, beta'- and epsilon-COP subunits. Here, we present the structure of the appendage domain of gamma-COP and show that it has a similar overall fold as the alpha-appendage of AP2. Again, like the alpha-appendage the gamma-COP appendage possesses a single protein/protein interaction site on its platform subdomain. We show that in yeast this site binds to the ARFGAP Glo3p, and in mammalian gamma-COP this site binds to a Glo3p orthologue, ARFGAP2. On the basis of mutations in the yeast homologue of gamma-COP, Sec21p, a second binding site is proposed to exist on the gamma-COP appendage that interacts with the alpha,beta',epsilon COPI subcomplex.
Digital foam interaction techniques for 3D modeling (2008)

Digital Foam is a new input sensor developed to support clay like sculpting and modeling operations. We present techniques facilitating navigation and manipulation operations performed using Spherical Digital Foam as a sole input device. Our free-form sculpting technique allows manipulation of new and existing 3D models using accumulated sculpting like motions. Digital Foam's multi-point pressure sensitive surface captures the separate locations of a user's fingertips allowing controlled manipulation of multiple model vertices simultaneously. Additionally, we developed a technique that allows the camera view and zoom to be controlled by applying varying pressure to the Digital Foam surface. Furthermore, we have designed a menu system tailored for operation using Spherical Digital Foam as a sole input device using both the internal orientation sensor and the pressure sensitive surface.
Optimization of Entrapping Conditions of Nitrifying Bacteria and Selection of Entrapping Agent (2011)

Sodium alginate and polyvinyl alcohol were selected as entrapping agents to immobilize nitrifying microbia. Through orthogonal tests, optimal conditions of entrapping nitrifying bacteria by the two agents were determined by ammonia nitrogen removal efficiency. The properties of the two immobilized microbial beads produced under their optimum embedding conditions were compared. Results indicate that the optimum embedding conditions of calcium alginate beads (briefly CA beads) were 10 ml of nitrifying bacteria, 4% of sodium alginate content, 3 mm in bead diameter and 24-hr crosslinking time. The optimum embedding conditions of polyvinyl alcohol beads (briefly PVA beads) were 10 ml of nitrifying bacteria, 10% of PVA content, 3 mm in bead diameter and 24-hr crosslinking time. Comprehensive comparisons on mechanical strength, stability, mass transfer property and ammonia nitrogen removal efficiency of the two immobilized microbial beads indicate that polyvinyl alcohol is a better embedding agent for nitrifying bacteria in wastewater treatment compared with sodium alginate.
Electrolyte Transport in the Mammalian Colon: Mechanisms and Implications for Disease (2002)

The colonic epithelium has both absorptive and secretory functions. The transport is characterized by a net absorption of NaCl, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), and water, allowing extrusion of a feces with very little water and salt content. In addition, the epithelium does secret mucus, bicarbonate, and KCl. Polarized distribution of transport proteins in both luminal and basolateral membranes enables efficient salt transport in both directions, probably even within an individual cell. Meanwhile, most of the participating transport proteins have been identified, and their function has been studied in detail. Absorption of NaCl is a rather steady process that is controlled by steroid hormones regulating the expression of epithelial Na(+) channels (ENaC), the Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase, and additional modulating factors such as the serum- and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase SGK. Acute regulation of absorption may occur by a Na(+) feedback mechanism and the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). Cl(-) secretion in the adult colon relies on luminal CFTR, which is a cAMP-regulated Cl(-) channel and a regulator of other transport proteins. As a consequence, mutations in CFTR result in both impaired Cl(-) secretion and enhanced Na(+) absorption in the colon of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Ca(2+)- and cAMP-activated basolateral K(+) channels support both secretion and absorption of electrolytes and work in concert with additional regulatory proteins, which determine their functional and pharmacological profile. Knowledge of the mechanisms of electrolyte transport in the colon enables the development of new strategies for the treatment of CF and secretory diarrhea. It will also lead to a better understanding of the pathophysiological events during inflammatory bowel disease and development of colonic carcinoma.
Self-organizing robotic systems-organization and evolution of group behavior in cellular robotic system (2005)

This paper deals with a self-organizing robotic system that consists of a number of autonomous robots. We describe the idea of society of robots, which is based on decentralized autonomous systems such as human being or insects. As one of the self-organizing robotic systems, cellular robotic system (CEBOT) was proposed by T. Fukuda. The cellular robotic system is one of the distributed robotic systems, which is composed of a number of autonomous robotic units called cells. The cell is a fundamental unit that has a simple function. To carry out given tasks, the cells connect each other and cooperate mutually. This paper denotes the concept of the cellular robotic system (CEBOT), the social organization of robotic systems, and evolution of group systems.
Pattern of life from WAMI objects tracking based on visual context-aware tracking and infusion network models (2013)

With the emergence of long lasting surveillance systems, e.g., full motion video (FMV) networks and wide area motion imagery (WAMI) sensors, extracting targets’ long term pattern of life over a day becomes possible. In this paper, we present a framework for extracting the pattern of life (POL) of targets from WAMI video. We first apply a context-aware multi-target tracker (CAMT) to track multiple targets in the WAMI video and obtain the targets’ tracklets, traces, and the locations, from surveillance information extracted from the targets' long-term trajectories. Then, entity networks propagate over time are constructed with targets’ tracklets, traces, and the interested locations. Finally, the entity network is analyzed using network retrieving technique to extract the POL of interested targets.
Constructal theory of pattern formation (2007)

Abstract. This review article shows that the occurrence of macroscopic flow configuration is a universal natural phenomenon that can be explained and predicted on the basis of a principle of physics (the constructal law): "For a flow system to persist in time (to survive) it must evolve in such a way that it provides easier and easier access to the currents that flow through it". The examples given in this article come from natural inanimate flow systems with configuration: duct cross-sections, open channel cross-sections, tree-shaped flow architectures, and turbulent flow structure (e.g., eddies, laminar lengths before transition). Other examples that are treated in the literature, and which support the constructal law, are the wedge-shape of turbulent shear layers, jets and plumes, the frequency of vortex shedding, Bénard convection in fluids and fluid-saturated porous media, dendritic solidification, the coalescence of solid parcels suspended in a flow, global atmospheric and oceanic circulation and climate, and virtually all architectural features of animal design. The constructal law stresses the importance of reserving a place for pure theory in research, and for constantly searching for new physics – new summarizing principles that are general, hence useful.
Human tumour—lymphocyte interaction <i>in vitro</i>. V. Comparison of the reactivity of tumour‐infiltrating, blood and lymph‐node lymphocytes with autologous tumour cells (1977)

Abstract Lymphocytes prepared from the blood, tumour‐draining lymph node and tumour were tested for immune reactivity with freshly isolated autologous tumour cells from biopsies. Reactivity was assessed by the autologous tumour stimulation assay and by lymphocytotoxicity. Activity was found in 6/11 blood preparations, 7/10 lymph nodes and 1/7 tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes in tumour stimulation assays and in 6/19 blood, 8/18 lymph‐node and 5/20 tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes in cytotoxicity assays. Tests with material from patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma showed a higher frequency of cytotoxicity in the tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes than in other solid tumours. There was a correlation between results of the two assays when performed on the same preparations and between the levels of reactivity in lymph node and blood from the same patient. Cytotoxicity in the lymph nodes showed specificity in that cells from a long‐term culture (K562) known to be sensitive to natural killer activity and from allogeneic tumour biopsies were only rarely damaged. Cytotoxicity against K562 was more frequently determined in blood lymphocytes. Tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes were non‐reactive in patients when the blood and lymph‐node lymphocytes were active.
Performance assessment of signal jitter on clock recovery for high speed optical digital systems (2002)

We assess for the first time the performance of a clock recovery scheme when the input data is affected by signal jitter, corresponding to random deviations of the digital pulse positions, which can be encountered in high speed optical digital systems. An analytic expression for the RMS jitter on the recovered clock is obtained as function of the system parameters and the signal jitter characteristic function. Theoretical results show that signal jitter can degrade significantly the clock recovery performance. This leads to careful re-optimisation of the timing extraction operation to accommodate appropriately this impairment.
Fast, effective dynamic compilation (1996)

Dynamic compilation enables optimization based on the values of invariant data computed at run-time. Using the values of these run-time constants, a dynamic compiler can eliminate their memory loads, perform constant propagation and folding, remove branches they determine, and fully unroll loops they bound. However, the performance benefits of the more efficient, dynamically-compiled code are offset by the run-time cost of the dynamic compile. Our approach to dynamic compilation strives for both fast dynamic compilation and high-quality dynamically-compiled code: the programmer annotates regions of the programs that should be compiled dynamically; a static, optimizing compiler automatically produces pre-optimized machine-code templates, using a pair of dataflow analyses that identify which variables will be constant at run-time; and a simple, dynamic compiler copies the templates, patching in the computed values of the run-time constants, to produce optimized, executable code. Our work targets general- purpose, imperative programming languages, initially C. Initial experiments applying dynamic compilation to C programs have produced speedups ranging from 1.2 to 1.8.
Newly developed inductive write head with electroplated CoNiFe film (1998)

A newly developed CoNiFe film is investigated from the viewpoint of its application to MR write heads. Film composition is Co/sub 65/Ni/sub 12/Fe/sub 23/, prepared by electroplating to obtain a b.c.c. plus f.c.c. mixed phase at that composition. Films with mixed phases show improved soft magnetic properties (B/sub s/ is 2.0-2.1 T and the magnetostriction coefficient is +1.8/spl times/10/sup -6/ to +7.4/spl times/10/sup -6/) and also show improved corrosion resistance. Performance of a head with a double layer structure of a 0.3 /spl mu/m CoNiFe film and a 4.1 /spl mu/m NiFe film is investigated, and a short throat height is found to give better overwrite performance.
Antagonistic dark/light‐induced SigB/SigD, group 2 sigma factors, expression through redox potential and their roles in cyanobacteria (2003)

The expression of group 2 sigma factors is characterized in a cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 grown in culture, changing light conditions (white, red and blue light, and darkness), or the presence of drugs (rifampicin, chloramphenicol, DCMU, and DBMIB), and the roles of these sigma factors are elucidated. The expression of dark/light-induced SigB/SigD was accelerated under opposite redox (oxidation/reduction) states in an electron transport chain of photosynthesis. Expression of the dark-induced lrtA and light-induced psbA2/3 transcript was significantly reduced in the sigB and sigD knockout strains, respectively. Abundant amounts of sigB transcript and protein were observed in the sigC knockout strain, implying that SigC represses SigB expression under light. These findings clearly showed that SigB/SigD with another group 2 sigma, SigC, contribute to transcription for a subset of dark/light-responsive genes in the cyanobacterium. A possible model for SigB/SigD is presented and the potential ability for promoter recognition is also discussed.
Growth Inhibition Kinetics for the Acetone-Butanol Fermentation (1983)

The inhibitory effect of each fermentation product on the cell growth rate and the kinetics of product formation was studied for the acetone-butanol fermentation with Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824. Inhibition of cell growth was studied by challenging cultures with varying concentrations of each product. There was a threshold concentration which must be reached before growth inhibition occurred. This concentration was found to vary with each inhibitor. Above the threshold concentration, there was a linear decrease of the growth rate with an increase in product concentration.
Rapid metabolic pathway assembly and modification using serine integrase site-specific recombination (2013)

Synthetic biology requires effective methods to assemble DNA parts into devices and to modify these devices once made. Here we demonstrate a convenient rapid procedure for DNA fragment assembly using site-specific recombination by C31 integrase. Using six orthogonal attP/attB recombination site pairs with different overlap sequences, we can assemble up to five DNA fragments in a defined order and insert them into a plasmid vector in a single recombination reaction. C31 integrase-mediated assembly is highly efficient, allowing production of large libraries suitable for combinatorial gene assembly strategies. The resultant assemblies contain arrays of DNA cassettes separated by recombination sites, which can be used to manipulate the assembly by further recombination. We illustrate the utility of these procedures to (i) assemble functional metabolic pathways containing three, four or five genes; (ii) optimize productivity of two model metabolic pathways by combinatorial assembly with randomization of gene order or ribosome binding site strength; and (iii) modify an assembled metabolic pathway by gene replacement or addition.