gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phosphodiesterase 4 cAMP phosphodiesterases as targets for novel anti-inflammatory therapeutics (2004)

Cyclic nucleotides are powerful signaling molecules and their sole means of removal is through the action of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs). Elevating levels of cAMP is beneficial in many diseases, including neurological conditions, cancers, viral infections and most inflammatory disorders. There are 11 known PDE families, with PDE4 being the most highly expressed. Evidence of the clinical usefulness of PDE4 inhibition has come from the use of specific chemical inhibitors and the generation of knock-out mice models. There exists an extensive range of PDE4 family members, because there are four subfamilies, each encoded by their own gene and each capable of generating multiple isoforms. Several members of the PDE4 family are found to be expressed in every cell and tissue studied and evidence is now being uncovered indicating unique functions for each. Their actions are controlled by their expression patterns, subcellular location and interaction with other signaling pathways. The first generation of PDE4 inhibitors, although potent anti-inflammatory agents, failed as pharmaceuticals owing to their emetic and gastric side-effects. A new generation of chemical inhibitors is now nearing the market, which display greatly reduced side-effects. In the future lies the generation of more specific inhibitors that will focus upon particular diseases. This will be achieved by targeting specific PDE4 family members. Because the current target of chemical inhibition (the catalytic site) is virtually identical between isoforms, this specificity is likely to be achieved by blocking the enzyme's interaction with other signaling cascades.
Eicosapentaenoic acid is primarily responsible for hypotriglyceridemic effect of fish oil in humans (1996)

The aim of this study was to determine whether eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), or both, were responsible for the triglyceride (TG)-lowering effects of fish oil. EPA (91% pure) and DHA (83% pure), a fish oil concentrate (FOC; 41% EPA and 23% DHA) and an olive oil (OO) placebo (all ethyl esters) were tested. A total of 49 normolipidemic subjects participated. Each subject was given placebo for 2-3 wk and one of the n-3 supplements for 3 wk in randomized, blinded trials. The target n-3 fatty acid (FA) intake was 3 g/day in all studies. Blood samples were drawn twice at the end of each supplementation phase and analyzed for lipids, lipoproteins, and phospholipid FA composition. In all groups, the phospholipid FA composition changed to reflect the n-3 FA given. On DHA supplementation, EPA levels increased to a small but significant extent, suggesting that some retroconversion may have occurred. EPA supplementation did not raise DHA levels, however. FOC and EPA produced significant decreases in both TG and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol (C) levels (P < 0.01) and increases in low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels (P < 0.05). DHA supplementation did not affect cholesterol, triglyceride, VLDL, LDL, or high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, but it did cause a significant increase in the HDL2/HDL3 cholesterol ratio. We conclude that EPA appears to be primarily responsible for TG-lowering (and LDL-C raising) effects of fish oil.
On adaptive cancellation of IQ mismatch in OFDM receivers (2004)

Design of wireless transceivers are driven by market demands for low-power and low cost terminals. Direct conversion receivers have thus been the focus of active research in recent years, since they offer great potential for compact and low power solutions. However, most direct conversion designs suffer from gain and phase imbalances between the in-phase and quadrature paths. In this paper, two adaptive algorithms for compensation of IQ mismatch effects in OFDM systems are evaluated and compared. One technique uses the samples in the time-domain while the other uses an adaptive two-tap equalizer for each sub-channel. The results of computer simulations show that using the time-domain approach, IQ imbalance can be almost completely compensated.
Control of FNR function of Escherichia coli by O2 and reducing conditions. (2002)

The synthesis of the enzymes constituting the electron transport chain of Escherichia coli is controlled by electron acceptors in order to achieve high ATP yields and high metabolic rates as well. High ATP yields (or efficiency) are obtained by the use of electron acceptors for respiration which allow high ATP yields, preferentially O2, and nitrate in the absence of O2. The rate of metabolism is adjusted by use of respiratory isoenzymes which differ in the rate and the efficiency of energy conservation, such as the non-coupling NADH dehydrogenase II (ndh gene) and the coupling NADH dehydrogenase I (nuo genes). By combination of the contrary principles (rate versus efficiency), growth is optimized for growth yields and rates. One of the major transcriptional regulators controlling the switch from aerobic to anaerobic respiration is FNR (fumarate nitrate reductase regulator). FNR is located in the cytoplasm and contains a [4Fe-4S] cluster in the active (anaerobic) state. By reaction with O2 the cluster is converted to a [2Fe-2S] cluster and finally to apoFNR. O2 diffuses into the cytoplasm even at very low O2-tensions (1 microM) where it inactivates [4Fe-4S] x FNR. The formation of [4Fe-4S] x FNR from apoFNR can use glutathione as a reducing agent in vitro. This process could also be important for the reductive activation of FNR in vivo. A model for the control of the functional state of FNR by O2 and glutathione is discussed. According to this model the functional state of FNR is determined by a (rapid) inactivation of FNR by O2, and a slow (constant) reactivation with glutathione as the reducing agent.
A multi-static ground-penetrating radar with an array of resistively loaded vee dipole antennas for landmine detection (2005)

A multi-static ground-penetrating radar (GPR) has been developed to investigate the potential of multi-static inversion algorithms. The GPR consists of a linear array of six resistively-loaded vee dipoles (RVDs), a network analyzer, and a microwave switch matrix all under computer control. The antennas in the array are spaced 12cm apart so the spacing between the transmitter and the receiver pairs in the measurements are from 12cm to 96cm in 12cm increments. The size of the array is suitable for the landmine problem and scaled measurements of the buried structure problem. The RVD is chosen as an array element because it is very "clean" in that it has very little self clutter and a very low radar cross section to lessen the reflections between the ground and the antenna. The shape and the loading profile of the antenna are designed to decrease the reflection at the drive point of the antenna while increasing the forward gain. The antenna and balun are made in a module, which is mechanically reliable without significant performance degradation. The multi-static GPR operation is demonstrated on targets buried in clean sand and targets buried under the ground covered by rocks. The responses of the targets are measured by each transmitter-receiver pair. A synthetic aperture, multi-static GPR imaging algorithm is extended from conventional monostatic back-projection techniques and used to process the data. Initial images obtained from the multi-static data are clearer than those obtained from bistatic data.
The large linear plasmid pSLA2‐L of <i>Streptomyces rochei</i> has an unusually condensed gene organization for secondary metabolism (2003)

The complete nucleotide sequence of the large linear plasmid pSLA2-L in Streptomyces rochei strain 7434AN4 has been determined. pSLA2-L was found to be 210 614 bp long with a GC content of 72.8% and carries 143 open reading frames. It is especially noteworthy that three-quarters of the pSLA2-L DNA is occupied by secondary metabolism-related genes, namely two type I polyketide synthase (PKS) gene clusters for lankacidin and lankamycin, a mithramycin synthase-like type II PKS gene cluster, a carotenoid biosynthetic gene cluster and many regulatory genes. In particular, the lankacidin PKS is unique, because it may be a mixture of modular- and iterative-type PKSs and carries a fusion protein of non-ribosomal peptide synthetase and PKS. It is also interesting that all the homologues of the afsA, arpA, adpA and strR genes in the A-factor regulatory cascade in Streptomyces griseus were found on pSLA2-L, and disruption of the afsA homologue caused non-production of both lankacidin and lankamycin. These results, together with the finding of three possible replication origins at 50-63 kb from the right end, suggest that the present form of pSLA2-L might have been generated by a series of insertions of the biosynthetic gene clusters into the left side of the original plasmid.
Characterization of GaN quantum discs embedded in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Al</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ga</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mi>−</mml:mi><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">N</mml:mi></mml:math>nanocolumns grown by molecular beam epitaxy (2003)

GaN quantum discs embedded in AlGaN nanocolumns with outstanding crystal quality and very high luminescence efficiency were grown on Si(111) substrates by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy under highly N-rich conditions. Nanocolumns with diameters in the range of 30--150 nm, with no traces of any extended defects, as confirmed by transmission electron microscopy, were obtained. GaN quantum discs, 2 and 4 nm thick, were grown embedded in AlGaN nanocolumns by switching on and off the Al flux during variable time spans. Strong optical emissions from GaN quantum discs, observed by photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence measurements, reveal quantum confinement effects. While Raman data indicate that the nanocolumns are fully relaxed, the quantum discs appear to be fully strained. These nanostructures have a high potential for application in efficient vertical cavity emitters.
Wireless LAN security and IEEE 802.11i (2005)

This article reviews wireless LAN security with a focus on the evolving new IEEE 802.11i standard. The major security enhancements in encryption and authentication defined by 802.11i are illustrated. In addition, the newly introduced key management in 802.11i is discussed. Because 802.11i incorporates IEEE 802.1X as its authentication enhancement, 802.1X with consideration of roaming users is depicted. Both intrasubnet and intersubnet roaming are illustrated.
Photochemical cyclization of olefinic N-chloroamides (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotochemical cyclization of olefinic N-chloroamidesMartin E. Kuehne and Deane A. HorneCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1975, 40, 9, 1287–1292Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00897a023https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00897a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views462Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Description of the Next Generation Optical Network (2003)

With the rapid development of IP, MPEG, 3G etc services, the characteristics of transport network are varying. In this paper, the function and architecture of next generation optical network are analysed, and the key technology, OXC is depicted.
Development of a test that measures real-time HER2 signaling function in live breast cancer cell lines and primary cells (2017)

Measurement of HER2 signaling activity in the tumor cells of breast cancer patients is a feasible approach to explore as a biomarker to identify HER2-driven cancers not currently diagnosable with genomic techniques. The wide range of HER2-driven signaling levels measured suggests it may be possible to make a distinction between normal and abnormal levels of activity. Analytical validation studies and clinical trials treating HER2- patients with abnormal HER2-driven signaling would be required to evaluate the analytical and clinical validity of using this functional biomarker as a diagnostic test to select patients for treatment with HER2 targeted therapy. In clinical practice, this method would require patient specimens be delivered to and tested in a central lab.
Influence of Recombinant Human Relaxin on Renal Hemodynamics in Healthy Volunteers (2006)

Maternal renal hemodynamic adaptation to human pregnancy is one of the most dramatic of all physiologic changes, but the factors that are responsible have remained elusive. In rat pregnancy, there are comparable renal hemodynamic changes, and in this species there is comprehensive evidence that the ovarian hormone relaxin (RLX) is responsible. This study investigated the renal effects of recombinant human RLX (rhRLX) in humans. Eleven volunteers (six male, five female) received intravenous infusions of rhRLX over 5 h at an infusion rate that was chosen to sustain serum concentrations that are comparable to early pregnancy. The renal clearances of inulin and para-aminohippurate were used to measure GFR and renal plasma flow, respectively. Irrespective of gender, renal plasma flow was increased by 47% compared with baseline levels (P < 0.0001), but no significant change was observed in GFR. There were no side effects or adverse reactions of rhRLX given as an intravenous infusion, and the data suggest that RLX indeed may be one of the elusive renal vasodilatory factors in human pregnancy. Further work is necessary to elucidate the complimentary factors that permit the concomitant increase in GFR during pregnancy.
Therapeutic potential of potassium channel modulators for CNS disorders (2003)

Potassium (K+) channels play a pivotal role in the CNS, controlling cell excitability thereby raising their therapeutic application. In realisation of the utility of K+channels, many pharmaceutical companies have developed a plethora of antagonists and openers for a range of disorders, including stroke, epilepsy, pain and cognition. The most promising targets, including BKCa, SKCa and KCNQ channels, will be reviewed in this article. The focus will be upon the most recent K+ channel modulator patents for CNS disorders and future developments of drugs for the treatment of CNS disorders.
Identification and Pathogenicity of Intracellular Francisella Bacterium in Three-line Grunt Parapristipoma trilineatum (2005)

Bacteriological examination was conducted on the disease of cultured marine fish, three-line grunt Parapristipoma trilineatum (Japanese common name: isaki). The affected fish characteristically showed white spots of granulomas containing an intracellular bacterium in the kidney and spleen. Total DNA was extracted from the kidney of the diseased fish. The coding region of small subunit ribosomal RNA (16S rDNA) of eubacteria was amplified from the DNA by PCR, and nucleotide sequence was determined. The sequenced 16S rDNA revealed high similarity (97.3-98.5%) to those of Francisella species. On the basis of phylogenetic analysis, the closest relative organism was revealed to be Francisella philomiragia. A bacterium was isolated from the spleen of one affected fish using cystine heart agar medium with 1% hemoglobin. The 16S rDNA sequence of the isolated bacterium was consistent with that determined from the kidney tissue of the affected fish. An experimental infection with the isolate exhibited the same disease signs in the injected fish, and the bacterium was reisolated from these fish. These results demonstrate that the intracellular bacterium is pathogenic and is identified to the genus Francisella This is the first report of pathogenic Francisella from marine fish.
Zr- and Hf-based nanoscale metal–organic frameworks as contrast agents for computed tomography (2012)

Nanoscale metal-organic frameworks (NMOFs) of the UiO-66 structure containing high Zr (37 wt%) and Hf (57 wt%) content were synthesized and characterized, and their potential as contrast agents for X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging was evaluated. Hf-NMOFs of different sizes were coated with silica and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to enhance biocompatibility, and were used for in vivo CT imaging of mice, showing increased attenuation in the liver and spleen.
The Human Mast Cell: An Overview (2005)

Mast cells are fascinating, multifunctional, tissue-dwelling cells that have been traditionally associated with the allergic response. However, recent studies suggest these cells may be capable of regulating inflammation, host defense, and innate immunity. The purpose of this review is to present salient aspects of mast cell biology in the context of mast cell function in physiology and disease. After their development from bone marrow-derived progenitor cells that are primed with stem cell factor, mast cells continue their maturation and differentiation in peripheral tissue, developing into two well-described subsets of cells, MC(T) and MC(TC) cells. These cells can be distinguished on the basis of their tissue location, dependence on T lymphocytes, and their granule contents. Mast cells can undergo activation by antigens/allergens, superoxides, complement proteins, neuropeptides, and lipoproteins. After activation, mast cells express histamine, leukotrienes, and prostanoids, as well as proteases, and many cytokines and chemokines. These mediators may be pivotal to the genesis of an inflammatory response. By virtue of their location and mediator expression, mast cells may play an active role in many diseases, such as allergy, parasitic diseases, atherosclerosis, malignancy, asthma, pulmonary fibrosis, and arthritis. Recent data also suggest that mast cells play a vital role in host defense against pathogens by elaboration of tumor necrosis factor alpha. Mast cells also express the Toll-like receptor, which may further accentuate their role in the immune-inflammatory response. This chapter summarizes the many well-known and novel functional aspects of human mast cell biology and emphasizes their unique role in the inflammatory response.
Applying Cuckoo Hashing for FPGA-based Pattern Matching in NIDS/NIPS (2007)

Pattern matching for network intrusion/prevention detection requires extremely high throughput with frequent updates to support new attack patterns. Most of current hardware implementations have outstanding performance over software implementations. However, the requirement for dynamic update pattern set is still challenging for hardware researchers. This paper describes a novel FPGA-based pattern matching architecture using a recent hashing algorithm called Cuckoo Hashing. The proposed architecture features on-the-fly pattern updates without reconfiguration, more efficient hardware utilization, and higher performance. Through various algorithmic changes of Cuckoo Hashing, we can implement parallel pattern matching on SRAM-based FPGA. Our system can accommodate the latest Snort rule-set, an open source network intrusion detection/prevention system, and achieve the highest utilization in terms of SRAM per character and logic cells per character at 17 bits/character and 0.043 logic cells/character, respectively on major Xilinx Virtex architectures. Compared to others, ours is much more efficient than any other Xilinx FPGA architectures.
A six-year clinical study of therapy of cardiomyopathy with coenzyme Q10. (1990)

One hundred and forty-three cases of chronic, stable, non-secondary, non-hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, 98% of whom were in NYHA Classes III and IV, were given 100 mg of coenzyme Q10 orally in addition to their conventional medical programme in an open-label long-term study. Blood CoQ10 levels, clinical status, myocardial function and survival have been recorded now for almost 6 years. Mean control/CoQ10 levels of 0.85 micrograms/ml rose to 2 micrograms/ml in 3 months and remained stable at that level. Mean ejection fraction of 44% measured by systolic time interval analysis rose to 60% within 6 months and stabilized at that level with 84% of patients showing statistically significant improvement. Eighty-five percent of patients improved by one or two NYHA Classes. Survival figures were encouraging with an 11.1% mortality in 12 months and 17.8% mortality in 24 months, comparing favourably with several reports in the literature. There was no positive evidence of toxicity or intolerance in a total of 368.9 patient-years of exposure. Coenzyme Q10 is safe and effective long-term therapy for chronic cardiomyopathy.
Experimental calibration of a new angle-resolved low coherence interferometry system (2004)

We describe results of calibration experiments using a new angle-resolved low coherence interferometry system. Light scattered from a polystyrene microsphere sample are compared with Mie Theory predictions to determine the size of the particles.
하계세미나 발표 : 법학전문대학원 도입방안 ; 미국 로스쿨 제도의 현황 및 평가 (2005)

Nowadays, discussion on the educational system relating to law in our country has increased. On the request of Yonsei Law Association, this article has researched on the law school system of the U.S., especially, foundation of law school, the relation between law schools of the U.S. and ABA(American Bar Association), J.D.(Juris Doctor) degree, professorship of law school, law school curriculum and exam, and bar exam etc.
Silicon Oxynitride Layers for Optical Waveguide Applications (2000)

We report on the fabrication and characterization of silicon oxynitride (SiON) layers for applications as planar optical waveguides in the 1550 nm wavelength region. The optically guiding SiON waveguide core layer has a relatively high refractive index of 1500 and is sandwiched between two silicon oxide cladding layers with a lower refractive index of 1450. The SiON layer is deposited by plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition using silane, nitrous oxide, and ammonia as gaseous precursors. Waveguide bends with a radius of curvature as small as 1.5 mm can be realized because of the high refractive index difference achievable between core and cladding layers. This allows the fabrication of compact, relatively complex integrated optical waveguide devices. The deposition process and the characterization of the SiON films are discussed. The strengths of this high refractive index contrast planar waveguide technology are illustrated using the example of an optical add/drop filter for wavelength division multiplexing applications in the field of optical communication systems. © 2000 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.