gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rho is Required for the Initiation of Calcium Signaling and Phagocytosis by Fcγ Receptors in Macrophages (1997)

Phagocytosis of bacteria by macrophages and neutrophils is an essential component of host defense against infection. The mechanism whereby the interaction of opsonized particles with Fcgamma receptors triggers the engulfment of opsonized particles remains incompletely understood, although activation of tyrosine kinases has been recognized as an early step. Recent studies in other systems have demonstrated that tyrosine kinases can in turn signal the activation of small GTPases of the ras superfamily. We therefore investigated the possible role of Rho in Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis. To this end we microinjected J774 macrophages with C3 exotoxin from Clostridium botulinum, which ADP-ribosylates and inactivates Rho. C3 exotoxin induced the retraction of filopodia, the disappearance of focal complexes, and a global decrease in the F-actin content of J774 cells. In addition, these cells exhibited increased spreading and the formation of vacuolar structures. Importantly, inactivation of Rho resulted in the complete abrogation of phagocytosis. Inhibition of Fcgamma receptor-mediated phagocytosis by C3 exotoxin was confirmed in COS cells, which become phagocytic upon transfection of the FcgammaRIIA receptor. Rho was found to be essential for the accumulation of phosphotyrosine and of F-actin around phagocytic cups and for Fcgamma receptor-mediated Ca2+ signaling. The clustering of receptors in response to opsonin, an essential step in Fcgamma-induced signaling, was the earliest event shown to be inhibited by C3 exotoxin. The effect of the toxin was specific, since clustering and internalization of transferrin receptors were unaffected by microinjection of C3. These data identify a role for small GTPases in Fcgamma receptor-mediated phagocytosis by leukocytes.
Effect of potassium on vasodilation to acetylcholine in essential hypertension. (1994)

Patients with essential hypertension show impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation induced by acetylcholine. Because dietary potassium supplementation increases endothelium-dependent relaxations to acetylcholine in hypertensive rats, we designed the present study to investigate whether potassium increases endothelium-dependent vasodilation in essential hypertensive patients. Therefore, in patients with essential hypertension (n = 13) and in normotensive control subjects (n = 13) we evaluated the effect of intrabrachial potassium chloride (0.2 mmol/min) on forearm blood flow (strain-gauge plethysmography) modifications induced by intrabrachial acetylcholine (0.15, 0.45, 1.5, 4.5, and 15 micrograms/100 mL forearm tissue per minute). In both groups of patients, potassium chloride infusion augmented local plasma potassium concentrations. Furthermore, in essential hypertensive patients but not in normotensive subjects it increased the vasodilating effect of the first three infusion rates of acetylcholine. In contrast, in seven adjunctive essential hypertensive patients, potassium chloride did not alter intrabrachial sodium nitroprusside-induced forearm vasodilation (1, 2, and 4 micrograms/100 mL forearm tissue per minute). Finally, to evaluate the role of nitric oxide on potassium-dependent facilitation of acetylcholine-induced vasodilation in essential hypertension, we studied the effect of intrabrachial NG-monomethyl L-arginine (100 micrograms/100 mL per minute) in another group of seven hypertensive patients. Vasodilation to acetylcholine was again increased by potassium chloride; NG-monomethyl L-arginine slightly blunted the vasorelaxing effect of acetylcholine but abolished the potentiating effect of potassium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
[Emergency care in the city of Salamanca]. (1995)

Social-health factors may have an impact on the high use of the CD on the users' own initiative. There is no adequate understanding or coordination between the different care levels, as is demonstrated by the low quality of PC doctors' referral documents and the high level of compliance in the reports written by CD doctors.
A General, Efficient, and Inexpensive Catalyst System for the Coupling of Aryl Iodides and Thiols (2002)

An efficient copper-catalyzed carbon-sulfur bond formation reaction was developed. This method is particularly noteworthy given its experimental simplicity, high generality, and exceptional level of functional group toleration and the low cost of the catalyst system. [reaction: see text]
A Prototype Antifungal Contact Lens (2011)

An econazole-eluting contact lens could be used as a treatment for fungal ocular infections.
Microalgae as biodiesel &amp; biomass feedstocks: Review &amp; analysis of the biochemistry, energetics &amp; economics (2010)

Following scrutiny of present biofuels, algae are seriously considered as feedstocks for next-generation biofuels production. Their high productivity and the associated high lipid yields make them attractive options. In this review, we analyse a number aspects of large-scale lipid and overall algal biomass production from a biochemical and energetic standpoint. We illustrate that the maximum conversion efficiency of total solar energy into primary photosynthetic organic products falls in the region of 10%. Biomass biochemical composition further conditions this yield: 30 and 50% of the primary product mass is lost on producing cell protein and lipid. Obtained yields are one third to one tenth of the theoretical ones. Wasted energy from captured photons is a major loss term and a major challenge in maximising mass algal production. Using irradiance data and kinetic parameters derived from reported field studies, we produce a simple model of algal biomass production and its variation with latitude and lipid content. An economic analysis of algal biomass production considers a number of scenarios and the effect of changing individual parameters. Our main conclusions are that: (i) the biochemical composition of the biomass influences the economics, in particular, increased lipid content reduces other valuable compounds in the biomass; (ii) the “biofuel only” option is unlikely to be economically viable; and (iii) among the hardest problems in assessing the economics are the cost of the CO2 supply and uncertain nature of downstream processing. We conclude by considering the pressing research and development needs.
Osteoblastic differentiation of human and equine adult bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells when BMP‐2 or BMP‐7 homodimer genetic modification is compared to BMP‐2/7 heterodimer genetic modification in the presence and absence of dexamethasone (2010)

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMDMSCs) have been targeted for use in enhancement of bone healing; and their osteogenic potential may be further augmented by genes encoding bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP's). The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of genetic modification of human and equine BMDMSCs with BMP-2 or -7 or BMP-2 and -7 on their osteoblastogenic differentiation in the presence or absence of dexamethasone. The BMDMSCs were harvested from the iliac crest of three human donors and tuber coxae of three equine donors. Monolayer cells were genetically modified using adenovirus vectors encoding BMP-2, -7 or both and cultured in the presence or absence of dexamethasone. Expression of BMPs was confirmed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). To evaluate osteoblastic differentiation, cellular morphology was assessed every other day and expression and secretion of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), as well as expression levels of osteonectin (OSTN), osteocalcin (OCN), and runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx2) were measured for up to 14 days. Human and equine BMDMSCs showed a capacity for osteogenic differentiation regardless of genetic modification or dexamethasone supplementation. Dexamethasone supplementation was more important for osteoblastogenic differentiation of equine BMDMSCs than human BMDMSCs. Genetic modification of BMDMSCs increased ALP secretion with AdBMP-2 homodimer having the greatest effect in both human and equine cells compared to AdBMP 7 or AdBMP 2/7. BMP protein elution rates reached their maximal concentration between day 4 and 8 and remained relatively stable thereafter, suggesting that genetically modified BMDMSCs could be useful for cell-based delivery of BMPs to a site of bone formation.
Obtaining super resolution light spot using surface plasmon assisted sharp ridge nanoaperture (2005)

Finite difference time domain computations is used to study surface plasmon (SP) excitation around C- and H-shaped ridge nanoapertures made in silver film. The SP enhances optical transmission, in addition to the transmission mechanism of the waveguide propagation mode and Fabry-Pérot-like resonance. However, the near-field collimation of ridge aperture is found completely destroyed. On the other hand, using a bowtie-shaped aperture with sharp ridges made in silver, the loss of near-field collimation can be recovered. A super resolution optical spot with full width half magnitude as small as 12nm×16nm is achieved due to the resonant SP excitation localized at the tips of bowtie. Much higher field enhancement is also obtained compared to the bowtie aperture made in chromium.
Lymphomas expressing ALK fusion protein(s) other than NPM-ALK. (1999)

The tumor cells in ALK-positive lymphoma ("ALKoma") usually express the product of the NPM-ALK chimeric gene, generated by the t(2;5) chromosomal translocation. However, 10% to 20% of ALK-positive lymphomas express ALK fusion protein(s) other than NPM-ALK, and in this report, we describe the immunohistologic and clinicopathologic features of 15 such cases. The absence of the NPM-ALK fusion gene was confirmed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in 8 cases and by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis in a further 2 cases. In each case, ALK staining was restricted to the cytoplasm and the N-terminus of NPM to the nucleus (contrasting with lymphomas expressing NPM-ALK in which cytoplasmic as well as nuclear labeling is seen). However, in the course of screening 53 ALK-positive lymphomas, 2 biopsies were found that had a "cytoplasm-only" ALK staining pattern but that nevertheless were shown to carry the (2;5) (by NPM staining and RT-PCR). The 15 cases resembled typical NPM-ALK-positive lymphomas in that all were of T or null phenotype, usually occurred in young male patients, and frequently presented with advanced disease associated with systemic symptoms and extranodal involvement. Moreover, their prognosis was excellent and indistinguishable from that of classical t(2;5)-positive tumors, but was clearly different from that of ALK-negative anaplastic large-cell lymphomas. These results suggest that lymphomas carrying variants of the NPM-ALK fusion protein can be detected by immunostaining for ALK and NPM and also that they can be grouped with classical t(2;5)-positive tumors as a single entity (ALK-positive lymphoma or "ALKoma") that shows a better prognosis than ALK-negative anaplastic large-cell lymphoma.
New and emerging therapeutic agents for the treatment of fibromyalgia: an update (2010)

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic widespread pain condition that is estimated to affect 5 million US adults. Several molecular pathophysiologies are thought to contribute to the symptoms of FM, complicating the development of effective clinical management techniques. It is now known that abnormalities in both nociceptive and central pain processing systems are necessary (but perhaps not sufficient) to condition the onset and maintenance of FM, producing associated neuropsychologic symptoms such as pronounced fatigue, sleep abnormalities, cognitive difficulties, stress sensitivity, anxiety, and depression. Current treatment strategies are focused primarily on correcting the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying these nervous system abnormalities. Clinical studies demonstrate the safety and efficacy of three drugs recently approved for the treatment of FM: pregabalin (an alpha-2-delta ligand), and duloxetine and milnacipran (serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors). This review describes these pharmaceuticals in detail and discusses their current roles in FM management.
Balloon-expandable intracoronary stents in the adult dog. (1987)

We studied the acute and chronic biological reaction to balloon-expandable intracoronary stents in the adult dog. Twenty stainless steel stents were placed, by standard angioplasty techniques, into the left anterior descending, left main, or circumflex coronary arteries of 20 dogs. Angiography was performed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months and animals were killed in groups of three at 1, 3, 8, and 32 weeks, for gross, light, and electronmicroscopic analysis. All dogs survived, all stents were patent, and there was no evidence of myocardial infarction, spasm, rupture, or aneurysm formation during follow-up (longest 18 months; average, 12 months). The stent was initially covered by a thin layer of thrombus that was replaced later by neointimal muscular proliferation that reached its maximal thickness by 8 weeks (p less than .01). This neointima gradually thinned as it became more sclerotic and less cellular. The stents were covered completely by immature endothelium by 1 week without loss of side branches. We conclude that balloon-expandable intraluminal stents can be safely placed percutaneously into normal canine coronary arteries. Because of rapid endothelialization high patency rates can be expected, thus offering promise for clinical applications in man.
A solid-phase microextraction method for the chromatographic determination of organophosphorus pesticides in fish, water, potatoes, guava and coffee (2005)

This paper describes a Solid Phase Microextraction method (SPME-CG) to the determination of organophosphorus pesticides in samples of fresh-water fish, water, potatoes, guava and coffee by capillary gas chromatography with nitrogen phosphorus detector. The samples were collected from October 2002 to April 2003 in the tributaries and sub-tributaries of the Paranaiba River, which supplies the city of Patos de Minas, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The determination of the pesticides: co-ral (O,O-diethyl O-(3-chloro-4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-1-benzopyran-7-yl) phosphorothioate), DDVP (2,2-dichloroethenyl dimethylphosphate), disyston (O,O-diethyl S-[2-(ethylthio) ethyl] phosphorodithioate), ethion (O,O,O',O'-tetraethyl S,S'-methylene bis(phosphorodithioate)), phorate (O,O-diethyl S-ethylthiomethyl phosphorodithioate), phosdrin (2-methoxycarbonyl-1-methylvinyl dimethyl phosphate), guthion (O,O-dimethyl-S-[(4-oxo-1,2,3-benzotriazin-3(4H)-yl)methyl] phosphorodithioate)), malathion (diethyl (dimethoxy thiophosphorylthio succinate) and methyl-parathion (O,O-dimethyl O-4-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate) in samples of fish, water and others foods with a manual SPME-CG holder using a 100 µm PDMS microfiber, is simple, easy to handle and solvent-free. The optimised conditions for pesticides extraction by SPME-CG method were: sample agitation, absorption at room temperature for 40 min, desorption at 220°C for 10 min, and sample volume in the vial of 16.0 mL. Under these conditions, the analytical curves were linear in different ranges (depend of each pesticide) with correlation coefficients from 0.997 to 0.999 and the precision was good (RSD from 4.40 to 15.13%). The detection limit was 0.05 µg L-1 to 8.37 µg L-1 and the quantitation limit was 0.09 µg L-1 to 8.70 µg L-1. The method was employed to detect and quantify pesticides in 24 fish of three different species and also in water, potatoes, guava and coffee. The samples analyzed showed residues of six different organophosphorus pesticides.
The Association of α-Synuclein with Membranes Affects Bilayer Structure, Stability, and Fibril Formation (2003)

The aggregation of alpha-synuclein is believed to be a critical factor in the etiology of Parkinson's disease. alpha-Synuclein is an abundant neuronal protein of unknown function, which is enriched in the presynaptic terminals of neurons. Although alpha-synuclein is found predominantly in the cytosolic fractions, membrane-bound alpha-synuclein has been suggested to play an important role in fibril formation. The effects of alpha-synuclein on lipid bilayers of different compositions were determined using fluorescent environment-specific probes located at various depths. alpha-Synuclein-membrane interactions were found to affect both protein and membrane properties. Our results indicate that in addition to electrostatic interactions, hydrophobic interactions are important in the association of the protein with the bilayer, and lead to disruption of the membrane. The latter was observed by atomic force microscopy and fluorescent dye leakage from vesicles. The kinetics of alpha-synuclein fibril formation were significantly affected by the protein association and subsequent membrane disruption, and reflected the conformation of alpha-synuclein. The ability of alpha-synuclein to disrupt membranes correlated with the binding affinity of alpha-synuclein for the particular membrane composition, and to the induced helical conformation of alpha-synuclein. Protofibrillar or fibrillar alpha-synuclein caused a much more rapid destruction of the membrane than soluble monomeric alpha-synuclein, indicating that protofibrils (oligomers) or fibrils are likely to be significantly neurotoxic.
Fatty acid synthase, a proficient multifunctional enzyme (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFatty acid synthase, a proficient multifunctional enzymeSalih J. WakilCite this: Biochemistry 1989, 28, 11, 4523–4530Publication Date (Print):May 30, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 30 May 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00437a001https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00437a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2916Altmetric-Citations653LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Construction of a multiplex allele-specific PCR-based universal array (ASPUA) and its application to hearing loss screening (2007)

We demonstrate a new method, using a universal array approach termed multiplex allele-specific PCR-based universal array (ASPUA), and applied it to the mutation detection of hereditary hearing loss. Mutations in many different genes may be the cause of hereditary hearing loss, a sensory defect disorder. Effective methods for genetic diagnosis are clearly needed to provide clinical management. Owing to the broad genetic basis of this condition, clinical assay of such a highly heterogeneous disorder is expensive and time consuming. In ASPUA, the allele discrimination reaction is carried out in solution by multiplex allele-specific PCR and a universal solid phase array with different tag probes is used to display the PCR result. The purpose of developing the ASPUA platform was to utilize the rapidity and simplicity of the amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) with the detection power of microarray hybridization. This is the first report of the combination of these two technologies, which allow for the completion of allele-specific detection of 11 of the most frequent mutations causing hereditary hearing loss in under 5 hr. The ASPUA platform was validated by accurately analyzing 141 patient samples that had been previously genotyped for GJB2, GJB3, SLC26A4, and MTRNR1. In addition, we also developed a simplified assay by using streptavidin-coated magnetic beads instead of fluorescence for signal display that can be assessed through a conventional light microscope. We demonstrate that the ASPUA platform is rapid, cost-effective, and easily-used, and is especially appropriate for mutation detection in clinical genetic diagnostics.
Plasma Cortisol Response to Insulin and Circadian Rhythm in Diabetic Subjects (1968)

The behavior of blood glucose, plasma free fatty acids and cortisol has been studied after insulin administration in subjects with diabetes mellitus without known complications and with normal plasma cortisol circadian rhythm. The mean plasma cortisol response to hypoglycemia in the diabetic subjects was below that of the normal controls, but not statistically significant. The slower rise to normal in the diabetic group was probably due to the lesser degree of hypoglycemia.
Influência da altura de comedouros tubulares no comportamento ingestivo de frangos de corte. (2010)

O objetivo deste trabalho foi de verificar o efeito da altura de comedouros tubulares sobre o comportamento de frangos de corte. Foram alojados 880 frangos de corte fêmeas Ross divididos em 40 boxes (repetições) com 22 aves cada (11 aves/m2). Nos boxes, a cama foi de cepilho de madeira, com bebedouros lineares de água corrente e comedouros tubulares com capacidade para 18 kg de ração. As aves foram submetidas a duas alturas de comedouro em dois períodos diferentes (28-35 dias de idade, comedouro alto (CAL): borda superior do comedouro com 20 cm do solo, comedouro baixo (CB): borda superior com 11 cm do solo; 36 a 42 dias de idade - CAL: borda superior com 25 cm do solo, CB: borda superior com 18 cm do solo). Para verificar a descrição geral do comportamento das aves foi utilizada a técnica de amostragem instantânea scan sampling e no estudo do comportamento de ingestão das aves (monitorado durante 12 h consecutivas) utilizou-se como ferramenta de registro microcâmeras instaladas simultaneamente em 4 boxes. No teste de preferência os frangos individualmente ou coletivamente deveriam escolher entre um comedouro alto ou um comedouro baixo disponíveis ao mesmo tempo dentro do box. Foi utilizado um delineamento completamente casualizado sendo que as médias das variáveis respostas foram comparadas através do teste t ou estatística não paramétrica quando necessária. Os frangos de corte preferem consumir ração em comedouros tubulares regulados a baixa altura. A utilização de comedouros baixos reduz a freqüência de visitas ao mesmo, sendo inversamente proporcional ao tempo de ingestão de alimentos, porém sem afetar ao consumo total de ração.