gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and Performance Evaluation of Ionic-Liquids-Based Microwave-Assisted Environmentally Friendly Extraction Technique for Camptothecin and 10-Hydroxycamptothecin from Samara of Camptotheca acuminata (2011)

Ionic-liquids-based, microwave-assisted extraction (ILMAE) was successfully applied to the extraction of two alkaloids: camptothecin (CPT) and 10-hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT) from samara of Camptotheca acuminata. Ten different types of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium, with different cations and anions, were investigated in this work, and 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([C8MIM]Br) solution was selected as the optimal solvent. In addition, the extraction parameters, including ionic liquid concentration, soak time, microwave irradiation power, irradiation time, solid–liquid ratio, and number of extraction cycles, were optimized. The optimal conditions were as follows: 0.8 M [C8MIM]Br; soak time, 2 h; microwave irradiation power, 385 W; irradiation time, 8 min; solid–liquid ratio, 1:12 (g/mL); and two of extraction cycles. No degradation of the target analytes have been observed at the optimum conditions, as evidenced from the stability studies performed with standard CPT and HCPT. The proposed method also shows high reproducibility. Compared with the traditional methods, the proposed approach demonstrates higher efficiency in a shorter extraction time (from 4 h to 8 min), which demonstrates that ILMAE is a rapid, efficient, and simple sample extraction technique.
Finding the Most Powerful Measures of the Effectiveness of Tissue Plasminogen Activator in the NINDS tPA Stroke Trial (2000)

Measures using the NIHSS and a Rankin score </=1 were the most sensitive discriminators of the effectiveness of tPA in the NINDS tPA Stroke Trial compared with the other clinical and radiological measures. The outcome measures identified in this exploratory analysis (eg, NIHSS score </=2 at 24 hours) would be best used as an outcome measure in future phase II trials of recanalization begun within the first 3 hours after stroke onset, with inclusion and exclusion criteria similar to those in the NINDS tPA Stroke Trial.
Industrial information infrastructure and intelligent instrumentation-the options (2002)

The technical development in the area of field instrumentation devices is characterised by the introduction of intelligent instruments (microprocessor-based) which immediately created the possibility of intelligent communication and exchange of information between sensors, actuators and control equipment in industrial plants. Bi-directional communication between the control room environment and the process level has become a reality and has revolutionised the way in which plant engineering, commissioning, operation, supervision and maintenance are approached, Tasks, which were traditionally performed in the field, can now be performed from the engineer's console. The increased functionality of modern field devices is enhanced through the use of digital communication systems, which now can provide more precise and selective process parameters and status and diagnostic information. The latter facility makes computer aided maintenance a reality. This paper addresses the integration of the field devices into the plant information and control system, facilitating the effective utilisation of their capabilities. To achieve this goal it is also necessary to consider the digital information infrastructure at the field level, known as the field bus. The various options available are covered, concentrating on important factors which should be taken into account before applying these emerging technologies.
Induction of a Fibrin-Gel Investment: An Early Event in Line 10 Hepatocarcinoma Growth Mediated by Tumor-Secreted Products (1979)

Abstract Within a few hours of implantation in the subcutaneous space of strain 2 guinea pigs syngeneic line 10 tumors became invested in a fibrin-gel. We hypothesized that tumors might induce and modulate this fibrin-gel by secreting molecules capable of activating the host's clotting and fibrinolytic systems. To test this possibility, line 10 tumor cells, and several non-neoplastic control cells, were cultured for 2 to 4 hr in serum-free medium and the culture supernatants were assayed for their capacity to activate host inflammatory pathways. Four distinct mediator activities were recognized in line 10 tumor cell culture supernatants: a vascular permeability factor (VPF), a procoagulant (PC), a plasminogen activator (PA), and a macrophage-migration inhibitory activity (MIF). Nonmalignant control cells secreted none of these activities with the exception of rabbit kidney cells that not unexpectedly released a PA activity, presumably urokinase. Based on conditions of culture, physical and chemical properties, inhibitor studies, and kinetics of secretion, it is likely that four distinct molecules are responsible for these activities. The complexity of the culture medium was not critical but low pH was an important variable favoring PA secretion. Secretion of all mediators was inhibited by cold and that of VPF and PA by puromycin. Cytochalasin B and EDTA caused significant increases in PA secretion. The line 10 PA, like that from other sources, was irreversibly inactivated by diisopropyl fluorophosphate and is probably a serine esterase. The capacity to secrete mediators that activate important host inflammatory pathways provides tumors with a mechanism for stroma induction and may be an important factor in determining a tumor's histologic pattern and degree of malignancy.
Flow measurement engineering handbook (1983)

Introduction. Fluid Properties. Measurement. Accuracy. Influence Quantities. Flowmeter Selection. Introduction to the Differential Producer. Installation. The Engineering Equations. Design Information. Fixed Geometry Devices. Computations. Critical Flow. Linear Flowmeters. Meter Influence Quantities.
Niobium Nanowire Yarns and their Application as Artificial Muscles (2013)

Abstract Metal nanowires are twisted to form yarns that are strong (0.4 to 1.1 GPa), pliable, and more conductive (3 × 10 6 S m −1 ) than carbon nanotube yarns. Niobium nanowire fibers are extracted by etching a copper‐niobium nano‐composite material fabricated using the severe plastic deformation process. When impregnated with paraffin wax, the niobium (Nb) nanowire yarns produce fast rotational actuation as the wax is heated. The heated wax expands, untwisting the yarn, which then re‐twists upon cooling. Normalized to yarn length, 12 deg mm −1 of torsional rotation was achieved along with twist rates in excess of 1800 rpm. Tensile modulus of 19 ± 5 GPa was measured for the Nb yarns, which is very similar to those of carbon multiwalled nanotubes.
Colorectal cancer tumour markers and biomarkers: Recent therapeutic advances (2016)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer among females and third among males worldwide. It also contributes significantly to cancer-related deaths, despite the continuous progress in diagnostic and therapeutic methods. Biomarkers currently play an important role in the detection and treatment of patients with colorectal cancer. Risk stratification for screening might be augmented by finding new biomarkers which alone or as a complement of existing tests might recognize either the predisposition or early stage of the disease. Biomarkers have also the potential to change diagnostic and treatment algorithms by selecting the proper chemotherapeutic drugs across a broad spectrum of patients. There are attempts to personalise chemotherapy based on presence or absence of specific biomarkers. In this review, we update review published last year and describe our understanding of tumour markers and biomarkers role in CRC screening, diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Goal of future research is to identify those biomarkers that could allow a non-invasive and cost-effective diagnosis, as well as to recognise the best prognostic panel and define the predictive biomarkers for available treatments.
Fugitive truth (1968)

Journal Article Fugitive truth Get access A. N. Prior A. N. Prior Balliol CollegeOxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Analysis, Volume 29, Issue 1, October 1968, Pages 5–8, https://doi.org/10.1093/analys/29.1.5 Published: 01 October 1968
Effect of Radiographic Quality on Computer-Assisted Head Penetration Measurements (2001)

Even the most sophisticated computer-assisted radiographic techniques of measuring femoral head penetration into the polyethylene liner depend on the quality of the radiograph being evaluated, which varies greatly in clinical settings. The authors of this study sought to determine how the accuracy and reproducibility of three commercially available computer-assisted measurement systems differed when measuring optimal radiographs (with sharply defined component edges) and suboptimal radiographs (with less well defined edges). Using three computer-assisted measurement systems, the authors measured head penetration on simulated and clinical hip radiographs. All systems calculated head penetration as the movement of the head center relative to the cup center. To define the periphery of the prosthetic head and cup, one method (System One) used the human eye and a digitizing tablet, whereas the other two methods (System Two and System Three) used digital edge detection algorithms. For simulated hip radiographs, error was calculated as the absolute value of the difference between the known amount of head penetration, determined by a coordinate measuring machine, and the amount of penetration determined by the software. Three way analysis of variance showed a significant difference in absolute error among the three measurement techniques. System One had a significantly smaller absolute error (0.11 +/- 0.06 mm) than did System Two (0.25 +/- 0.25 mm) and System Three (0.19 +/- 0.13 mm). In addition, three-way analysis of variance showed that optimal radiographs were associated with a significantly lower absolute error (0.14 +/- 0.09 mm) than were suboptimal radiographs (0.23 +/- 0.22 mm). For optimal radiographs, there was no significant difference in error among the three measurement methods; all systems were accurate and reproducible. However, for suboptimal radiographs absolute error increased and varied widely, and a significant difference among the methods existed. These data show the susceptibility of head penetration measurements to radiographic technique and underscore the importance of good quality radiographs for all analyses of head penetration.
Adjacent track erasure analysis and modeling at high track density (2003)

The issues of the adjacent track erasure problems have been studied for high track density (TPI) situations using dc erasure at adjacent tracks. It is found that a significant portion of the BER degradation is due to the stray field from the vicinity of the write gap. Finite element method (FEM) calculations were carried out for studying the field in the vicinity of the write gap. Furthermore, we have incorporated FEM results into micromagnetic simulation of conventional media to simulate the actual side writing and erasure processes. The simulation results confirmed the RMS loss of SNR due to multiple adjacent dc erasure. The obtained experimental results indeed are quite consistent with the modeling results.
Human CUL-1 associates with the SKP1/SKP2 complex and regulates p21 <sup>CIP1/WAF1</sup> and cyclin D proteins (1998)

Deregulation of cell proliferation is a hallmark of cancer. In many transformed cells, the cyclin A/CDK2 complex that contains S-phase kinase associated proteins 1 and 2 (SKP1 and SKP2) is highly induced. To determine the roles of this complex in the cell cycle regulation and transformation, we have examined the composition of this complex. We report here that this complex contained an additional protein, human CUL-1, a member of the cullin/CDC53 family. The identification of CUL-1 as a member of the complex raises the possibility that the p19(SKP1)/p45(SKP2)/CUL-1 complex may function as the yeast SKP1-CDC53-F-box (SCF) protein complex that acts as a ubiquitin E3 ligase to regulate the G1/S transition. In mammalian cells, cyclin D, p21(CIP1/WAF1), and p27(KIP1) are short-lived proteins that are controlled by ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis. To determine the potential in vivo targets of the p19(SKP1)/p45(SKP2)/CUL-1 complex, we have used the specific antisense oligodeoxynucleotides against either SKP1, SKP2, or CUL-1 RNA to inhibit their expression. Treatment of cells with these oligonucleotides caused the selective accumulation of p21 and cyclin D proteins. The protein level of p27 was not affected. These data suggest that the human p19(SKP1)/p45(SKP2)/CUL-1 complex is likely to function as an E3 ligase to selectively target cyclin D and p21 for the ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation. Aberrant expression of human p19(SKP1)/p45(SKP2)/CUL-1 complex thus may contribute to tumorigenesis by regulating the protein levels of G1 cell cycle regulators.
Battery Management Converter System and Multilevel Converter Topology and Control (2016)

Part I: Battery Management Converter SystemEnergy storage devices such as rechargeable batteries play a significant role in domestic, transportation, and industrial applications. The development of new battery technologies featuring high power and energy densities along with the strict safety, reliability, and lifetime requirements of the applications have brought the need for Battery Management Systems (BMSs). The first part of this thesis, is focused on a configuration called Battery Management Converter System (BMCS) that provides potential advantages over the conventional configurations such as lower cost and power loss and improved reliability and waveform quality. The balancing algorithm and grid connection control of such configuration for grid connected energy storage application has also been studied and developed in this part.Part II: Multilevel Converter Topology and ControlMultilevel converters are the state-of-the-art power conversion systems for Medium Voltage (MV) high power applications. As MV drives for fans, pumps, mills, compressors, conveyors etc., multilevel converters have found their use in numerous industries such as mining, marine, metals, water, oil and gas, pulp and paper to name a few. As grid-connected inverters, multilevel converters are used to integrate renewable energy sources and energy storage systems into the grid and regulate the power flow and quality. In the second part of this thesis, the focus will be on the five-level converter topologies with a common dc-link as this feature suits them for many applications involving bidirectional flow of energy. New hybrid multilevel converter topologies along with control and modulation techniques are investigated and developed in this part. Improved trade off between cost and reliability and decreased converter loss are the advantages of the developed topologies and modulation techniques.
Multifrequency viscoacoustic modeling and inversion (1996)

Abstract Modeling and inversion for seismic wavefields that include the attenuation and phase dispersion effects of Q can be implemented in the space-frequency domain. The viscoacoustic wave equation is solved by the moment method. Absorbing boundary conditions are implemented by reducing Q and adjusting the complex velocity (to reduce Q-dependent reflectivity) in a zone around the edges of the model grid. Nonlinear inversion is performed using iterative linearized inversions. The residual wavefield at a single frequency is back projected, using an anticausal Green's function, along the viscoacoustic wavepath in an estimate of the model, to get updated velocity and Q distributions. The model obtained from data at one frequency becomes input to inversion at the next higher frequency. Velocity and Q are inverted simultaneously as they are interdependent. Both modeling and inversion algorithms are successfully tested with synthetic examples; data at two or three frequencies are sufficient to produce reliable images from noise-free synthetic data.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SINGLE‐DOSE GROWTH HORMONE THERAPY AS AN ADJUVANT TO GONADOTROPHIN TREATMENT FOR OVULATION INDUCTION (1990)

One intramuscular injection of biosynthetic human growth hormone (24 IU), administered on the first day of gonadotrophin treatment for ovulation induction, significantly augmented the ovarian response to gonadotrophic stimulation in seven patients. Compared with a protocol involving six injections of 24 IU of GH given on alternate days to the same patients, the smaller dose had an intermediate but highly significant effect in reducing the amount, duration of treatment and daily effective dose of hMG needed to induce ovulation. The difference between the effect of the one-dose and six-dose protocols was small. The action of growth hormone on the human ovary, probably mediated by insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), appears effective in enhancing the response to gonadotrophin therapy even when given in a single dose.
Collagenase, cathepsin B and cathepsin L gene expression in the synovial membrane of patients with early inflammatory arthritis (1999)

The detection of MMP-1, CB and CL in the synovium shortly after symptom onset implies that the potential for joint destruction exists at a very early stage in the disease. In addition, the perivascular and endothelial cell expression suggests a role for these proteases in mononuclear cell influx to the inflamed synovium and in angiogenesis.
The calculation of small molecular interactions by the differences of separate total energies. Some procedures with reduced errors (1970)

A new direct difference method for the computation of molecular interactions has been based on a bivariational transcorrelated treatment, together with special methods for the balancing of other errors. It appears that these new features can give a strong reduction in the error of the interaction energy, and they seem to be particularly suitable for computations in the important region near the minimum energy. It has been generally accepted that this problem is dominated by unresolved difficulties and the relation of the new methods to these apparent difficulties is analysed here.
Biochemical characterization of P22 phage-modified Escherichia coli RecBCD enzyme. (1994)

The biochemical properties of phage P22 Abc-modified RecBCD enzyme from Escherichia coli have been examined. RecBCD purified from a cell that expresses Abc (anti-RecBCD) contains all three RecBCD subunits and the 11.6-kDa Abc protein in equal stoichiometric amounts. Abc depresses the rate of RecBCD double-stranded DNA exonuclease, helicase, and ATPase activities about 3-4-fold, yet it has no effect on the rate of the single-stranded DNA exonuclease activity. Abc induces a slight increase in the ATP-independent single-stranded DNA endonuclease activity and does not induce dimerization of the RecBCD trimer. Abc-modified RecBCD helicase activity possesses reduced but significant processivity (10 kilobase pairs) relative to the native enzyme (30 kilobase pairs). In the absence of ATP, Abc-modified RecBCD shows a 2-4-fold higher affinity for double-stranded DNA ends. The RecBCD-binding Gam protein from bacteriophage lambda inhibits binding of both native and Abc-modified RecBCD to double-stranded DNA ends. Finally, unlike the native enzyme, the nonspecific nuclease activity of Abc-modified RecBCD is not suppressed by Chi sites in vitro. These findings are discussed in terms of the recombination-deficient phenotype of cells expressing Abc in vivo and the relationship between Abc-modified RecBCD and two mutant RecBCD's previously characterized: the RecBCD-K117Q and RecB2109CD mutant enzymes.
A low-cost dual-mode deinterleaver design (2008)

In this paper, an efficient design of dual mode deinterleaver for both IEEE 802.16 and digital video broadcasting (DVB) standards is presented. The paper first proposes a systematic data allocation method for the design of matrix transposer which can be used to realize the block deinterleaver adopted by IEEE 802.16 based on the multi- bank memory architecture. In addition, multiple input/output data can be grouped together in order to further reduce the memory access frequency such that the required number of banks and ports for the memory can be both reduced. Similarly, the multi-bank memory design approach can also be applied for the byte-level convolutional deinterleaver adopted in DVB system by realizing the multiple delay branches as the circular buffer. Finally, these two different deinterleaving standards can be further integrated into a single design suitable for those dual-mode communication systems. Our implementation results show that the dual mode deinterleaver can run up to 150 Mhz, and consume about 38.5k gates. The same design methodology can also be applied for the design of interleavers .
Derivation and analysis of viscoelastic properties in human liver: impact of frequency on fibrosis and steatosis staging (2015)

Commercially-available shear wave imaging systems measure group shear wave speed (SWS) and often report stiffness parameters applying purely elastic material models. Soft tissues, however, are viscoelastic, and higher-order material models are necessary to characterize the dispersion associated with broadband shear waves. In this paper, we describe a robust, model-based algorithm and use a linear dispersion model to perform shear wave dispersion analysis in traditionally difficult-to-image subjects. In a cohort of 135 non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients, we compare the performance of group SWS with dispersion analysis-derived phase velocity c(200 Hz) and dispersion slope dc/df parameters to stage hepatic fibrosis and steatosis. Area under the ROC curve (AUROC) analysis demonstrates correlation between all parameters [group SWS, c(200 Hz), and, to a lesser extent dc/df ] and fibrosis stage, whereas no correlation was observed between steatosis stage and any of the material parameters. Interestingly, optimal AUROC threshold SWS values separating advanced liver fibrosis (≥F3) from mild-to-moderate fibrosis (≤F2) were shown to be frequency-dependent, and to increase from 1.8 to 3.3 m/s over the 0 to 400 Hz shear wave frequency range.
Using group fine-grained locking scheme in software transactional memory for multiprocessing systems (2010)

In a multi-process or multi-thread software trans-actional memory(STM) system, the transactional locking scheme is commonly separated into fine-grained and coarse-grained schemes by protection granularity. In our definition, the protection granularity of fine-grained schemes is varied depending on implementation. Types of protection granularity include per-word, per-object, etc. The coarse-grained scheme is using a global lock for all shared resources. These two types of schemes are preferred under different test environments. The coarse-grained scheme lacks scalability under high contention situation and the fine-grained scheme produces higher overhead than coarse-grained scheme. In this paper, we propose a new type of fine-grained scheme which adds an intermediate locking level. The new scheme separates shared resources into different groups. Groups are organized under the number of executing transactions, and resources are joined to the first accessed transaction group. Thus the overhead of fine-grained scheme is reduced by locking a group of resources. In the experiment of the proposed scheme, the results showed that the new scheme preserves the scalability and reduces the overhead of fine-grained scheme.