gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cytokines in the Treatment of Cancer (2018)

Cytokines are major regulators of innate and adaptive immunity that enable cells of the immune system to communicate over short distances. Cytokine therapy to activate the immune system of cancer patients has been an important treatment modality and continues to be a key contributor to current clinical cancer research. Interferon alpha (IFNα) is approved for adjuvant treatment of completely resected high-risk melanoma patients and several refractory malignancies. High-dose interleukin-2 (HDIL-2) is approved for treatment of metastatic renal cell cancer and melanoma, but both agents are currently less commonly used with the development of newer agents. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IFN gamma (IFNγ), IL-7, IL-12, and IL-21 were evaluated in clinical trials and remain part of certain investigational trials. The initial single-agent clinical trials with the long-awaited IL-15 have been completed and combination trials with antitumor antibodies or checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) have been initiated. However, cytokines in monotherapy have not fulfilled the promise of efficacy seen in preclinical experiments. They are often associated with severe dose-limiting toxicities that are manageable with appropriate dosing and are now better understood to induce immune-suppressive humoral factors, suppressive cells, and cellular checkpoints, without consistently inducing a tumor-specific response. To circumvent these impediments, cytokines are being investigated clinically with new engineered cytokine mutants (superkines), chimeric antibody-cytokine fusion proteins (immunokines), anticancer vaccines, CPIs, and cancer-directed monoclonal antibodies to increase their antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity or sustain cellular responses and anticancer efficacy. In this review, we summarize current knowledge and clinical application of cytokines either as monotherapy or in combination with other biological agents. We emphasize a discussion of future directions for research on these cytokines, to bring them to fruition as major contributors for the treatment of metastatic malignancy.
The Effects of Trace Amounts of Water on the Thermal Oxidation of Silicon in Oxygen (1974)

The significance of the addition of 25 ppm of to O2 has been studied for the thermal oxidation of (100), (110), and (111) oriented silicon. With 25 ppm water addition to O2 a sharp increase in the over‐all rate of oxidation was observed for each orientation and experimental temperature (800°, 927°, and 996°C). From data analysis in terms of a linear‐parabolic oxidation law, orientation effects were found for both the linear and parabolic rate constants and for both dry O2 and added oxidations. The major effect of trace appears to be on the parabolic rate constants. The experimentally derived kinetic constants are interpreted in terms of surface geometry for the linear rate constants and in terms of the structure for the parabolic rate constants. The large kinetic effects observed with trace amounts of might be a cause for the disparity of literature results for dry thermal oxidation of silicon.
Oral Immunization with Influenza Virus in Biodegradable Microspheres (1993)

Polymeric microspheres were evaluated as an oral antigen delivery system for immunization with influenza virus. The immune responses obtained were compared after either oral or systemic immunization of BALB/c mice using purified, formalin-inactivated influenza virus type A/H3N2, either encapsulated in biodegradable and biocompatible microspheres or free in solution. The immunogenicity of formalin-treated influenza vaccine was preserved during the microencapsulation process, and the microencapsulated antigen induced protective immune responses after systemic immunization that were equal to or higher than those induced by conventional vaccine. When administered orally to primed animals, microencapsulated antigen induced levels of anti-influenza antibodies in saliva that were higher than and in serum that were comparable to those obtained by systemic immunization. Furthermore, oral booster immunization provided virtually complete protection of animals challenged with live virus.
The oxidation of chlorophenols adsorbed to manganese oxide surfaces (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe oxidation of chlorophenols adsorbed to manganese oxide surfacesHans Jakob Ulrich and Alan T. StoneCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1989, 23, 4, 421–428Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00181a006https://doi.org/10.1021/es00181a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views876Altmetric-Citations150LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Porous Polybenzimidazole Membranes Doped with Phosphoric Acid:  Highly Proton-Conducting Solid Electrolytes (2004)

New proton-conducting polymer electrolytes based on new porous films of polybenzimidazole doped with phosphoric acid have been obtained. The porous polybenzimidazole films were prepared by leaching out a low-molecular-weight compound using a selective solvent of the porogen from polymer/porogen mixtures. This method allows control over the porosity level up to porosities of 75%. The pore size and morphology strongly depend on the porogen/PBI ratio as observed by SEM. The pore size varies from <100 nm with spherical shape for low porosities to very irregular and interconnected structures of 10−15 μm at the highest porosity levels. Different porogens lead to smaller pore sizes in the order dibutyl phthalate>dimethyl phthalate>diphenyl phthalate>triphenyl phosphate. The acid uptake of the membranes, and therefore the ionic conductivity of the films, increases with the porosity. Ionic conductivity as high as 5 × 10-2 S/cm and mechanically stable membranes are easily obtained by soaking the highly porous films in phosphoric acid solutions.
Derivation of human T lymphocytes from cord blood and peripheral blood with antiviral and antileukemic specificity from a single culture as protection against infection and relapse after stem cell transplantation (2010)

Viral infections and leukemic relapse account for the majority of treatment failures in patients with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) receiving allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) or cord blood (CB) transplants. Adoptive transfer of virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) provides protection against common viruses causing serious infections after HSC transplantation without concomitant graft-versus-host disease. We have now generated CTL lines from peripheral blood (PB) or CB units that recognize multiple common viruses and provide antileukemic activity by transgenic expression of a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) targeting CD19 expressed on B-ALL. PB-derived CAR(+) CTLs produced interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) in response to cytomegalovirus-pp65, adenovirus-hexon, and Epstein-Barr virus pepmixes (from 205 +/- 104 to 1034 +/- 304 spot-forming cells [SFCs]/10(5) T cells) and lysed primary B-ALL blasts in (51)Cr-release assays (mean, 66% +/- 5% specific lysis; effector-target [E/T] ratio, 40:1) and the CD19(+) Raji cell line (mean, 78% +/- 17%) in contrast to nontransduced controls (8% +/- 8% and 3% +/- 2%). CB-derived CAR(+) CTLs showed similar antiviral and antitumor function and both PB and CB CAR(+) CTLs completely eliminated B-ALL blasts over 5 days of coculture. This approach may prove beneficial for patients with high-risk B-ALL who have recently received an HSC or CB transplant and are at risk of infection and relapse.
Optimization of sample recovery from the nitrocellulose support used in plasma desorption mass spectrometry and its use for multiple analyses of insulin (1993)

The parameters for recovery of sample from the nitrocellulose support used in plasma desorption are optimized. The losses in washing, in situ reactions, and extraction procedures are quantitatively evaluated. At least 80% of the sample can be effectively extracted or transferred to a polyvinyl difluoride membrane with 2-propanol-water mixture in the range 1:1-2:3 v/v. Quantitative losses of insulin during washing procedures vary from 0 to 50% depending on the washing procedure used. The losses in in situ reactions are negligible. Optimization of the procedures allows several successive procedures to be carried out after adsorption of 1 nmol of insulin on the nitrocellulose support. These include in situ reaction, extraction of A and B chains followed by S-alkylation, chain separation by high-performance liquid chromatography, mass spectrometric analysis of the separated chains, and finally automatic sequence after transfer to the sequenator.
ABCG1 and ABCG4 are coexpressed in neurons and astrocytes of the CNS and regulate cholesterol homeostasis through SREBP-2 (2007)

Here, we describe the initial characterization of Abcg4(-/-) mice and identify overlapping functions of ABCG4 and ABCG1 in the brain. Histological examination of tissues from Abcg4(+/-)/nlsLacZ and Abcg1(+/-)/nlsLacZ mice demonstrates that coexpression of Abcg4 and Abcg1 is restricted to neurons and astrocytes of the central nervous system (CNS). Interestingly, Abcg4 mRNA is undetectable outside the CNS, in contrast with the broad tissue and cellular expression of Abcg1. We also used primary astrocytes, microglia, neurons, and macrophages to demonstrate that the expression of Abcg1, but not Abcg4, is induced after the activation of liver X receptor. Cellular localization studies demonstrated that both proteins reside in RhoB-positive endocytic vesicle membranes. Furthermore, overexpression of either ABCG1 or ABCG4 increased the processing of sterol-regulatory element binding protein 2 (SREBP-2) to the transcriptionally active protein, thus accounting for the observed increase in the expression of SREBP-2 target genes and cholesterol synthesis. Consistent with these latter results, we show that the expression levels of the same SREBP-2 target genes are repressed in the brains of Abcg1(-/-) and, to a lesser extent, Abcg4(-/-) mice. Based on the results of the current study, we propose that ABCG1 and ABCG4 mediate the intracellular vesicular transport of cholesterol/sterols within both neurons and astrocytes to regulate cholesterol transport in the brain.
Demonstration of a P(Y)-Code Differential GPS Precision Approach System (1998)

Honeywell and the United States Air Force (USAF) recently completed the demonstration of a P(Y)-code differential precision approach system. The demonstration was based on differential carrier-smoothed P(Y)-code GPS measurements provided from an RTCA DO-217 compliant ground reference station. The flight path deviations were obtained using standard instrument landing system (ILS) conventions and predefined approach data. The aircraft installation included two GPS receiver types, integrated into an inertial reference system. Both hybrid and autonomous solutions were evaluated in the demonstration. The airborne equipment utilized 5- and 12-channel GPS receivers obtained from two vendors. This paper evaluates the performance of both integrated and autonomous architectures. Honeywell modified the SLS-2000 ground reference station to use P(Y)-code measurements from a Trimble “Force-12” GPS receiver. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the ability of the military aircraft to perform precision approach operations using differential GPS (DGPS) signals.
Protection Against Rat Endotoxic Shock By p55 Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Receptor Immunoadhesin: Comparison with Anti-TNF Monoclonal Antibody (1994)

The protective efficacy of a p55 tumor necrosis factor receptor immunoadhesin (TNFR-IgG) was compared with that of an anti-TNF monoclonal antibody (MAb) in a rat endotoxic shock model. TNFR-IgG (5 mg/kg), given 30 min before endotoxin (LPS), attenuated LPS induction of hypotension and tachycardia and eliminated LPS induction of serum TNF activity. In contrast, anti-TNF MAb (5 mg/kg) had little effect on LPS-induced hemodynamic changes and neutralized only partially the excessive serum TNF activity. The 6-day survival was 1 of 10 controls; 6 of 11, 5 of 7, and 8 of 9 rats receiving 0.2, 1.0, or 5.0 mg/kg TNFR-IgG, respectively; and 3 of 8 rats receiving 5 mg/kg anti-TNF MAb. These results indicate that TNFR-IgG is more potent than anti-TNF MAb at neutralizing excessive TNF activity in vivo.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells Secrete Immunologically Active Exosomes (2013)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to secrete exosomes that are cardioprotective. Here, we demonstrated that MSC exosome, a secreted membrane vesicle, is immunologically active. MSC exosomes induced polymyxin-resistant, MYD88-dependent secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) expression in a THP1-Xblue, a THP-1 reporter cell line with an NFκB-SEAP reporter gene. In contrast to lipopolysaccharide, they induced high levels of anti-inflammatory IL10 and TGFβ1 transcript at 3 and 72 h, and much attenuated levels of pro-inflammatory IL1B, IL6, TNFA and IL12P40 transcript at 3-h. The 3-h but not 72-h induction of cytokine transcript was abrogated by MyD88 deficiency. Primary human and mouse monocytes exhibited a similar exosome-induced cytokine transcript profile. Exosome-treated THP-1 but not MyD88-deficient THP-1 cells polarized activated CD4(+) T cells to CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) at a ratio of one exosome-treated THP-1 cell to 1,000 CD4(+) T cells. Infusion of MSC exosomes enhanced the survival of allogenic skin graft in mice and increased Tregs.
Recent Developments in Magnetic Diagnostic Systems (2015)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTRecent Developments in Magnetic Diagnostic SystemsHakho Lee†, Tae-Hyun Shin‡, Jinwoo Cheon‡, and Ralph Weissleder*†§View Author Information† § †Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and §Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States‡ Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Korea*Tel.: 617-726-8226. E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2015, 115, 19, 10690–10724Publication Date (Web):August 10, 2015Publication History Received15 December 2014Published online10 August 2015Published inissue 14 October 2015https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr500698dhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr500698dreview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2015 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views7024Altmetric-Citations231LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Coating materials,Magnetic properties,Molecular properties,Nanoparticles,Sensors Get e-Alerts
Fabrication of slantingly-aligned silicon nanowire arrays for solar cell applications (2008)

Large-area slantingly-aligned silicon nanowire arrays (SA-SiNW arrays) on Si(111) substrate have been fabricated by wet chemical etching with dry metal deposition method and employed in the fabrication of solar cells for the first time. The formation of SA-SiNW arrays possibly results from the anisotropic etching of silicon by silver catalysts. Superior to the previous cells fabricated with vertically-aligned silicon nanowire arrays (VA-SiNW arrays), the SA-SiNW array solar cells exhibit a highest power conversion efficiency of 11.37%. The improved device performance is attributed to the integration of the excellent anti-reflection property of the arrays and the better electrical contact of the cell as a result of the special slantingly-aligned structure. The high surface recombination velocity of minority carriers in SiNW arrays is still the main limitation on cell performance.
Adaptive ultrasonic imaging using SONOLINE Elegra (2001)

Adaptive correction of the effects of propagation through inhomogeneous tissue is critical to the improvement of current ultrasonic imaging systems. Currently, estimation and correction of time-delay errors is more feasible than other more sophisticated approaches. Data acquisition, time-delay estimation and compensation have been implemented on the SONOLINE Elegra system using the system CPU, the Crescendo image processor, and the existing front-end electronics. Experimental results with this implementation will be reported. The effects of compensating the transmit beam is studied using the waveform similarity factor and single transmit imaging. On an RMI404 phantom plus a 1-D aberration layer with a rms time fluctuation of 40 ns and correlation length of 5 mm, the waveform similarity factor of randomly scattered waveforms improved from 0.362 to 0.477 by iteration. Correspondingly, the −20 dB lateral resolution improved from 1.62 to 0.77 mm, and the image contrast improved by 8.5 dB (speckle region is 6 dB brighter while echo-free region is 2.5 dB darker). Experiments with a 2-D aberration layer and with a special phase aberration phantom showed less image improvements. Preliminary body scans with adaptive imaging showed improved image contrast and details in some cases but the results are mixed and influenced by such factors as isoplanatic patch size and complex scattering structures. [Study partially supported by NIH R29 CA81688.]
On the performance analysis of a satellite-based AIS system (2008)

This paper presents the performance analysis and system trade-offs of a satellite-based AIS (Automatic Identification System) system. Such a system represents a global monitoring extension of the current terrestrial AIS for ship identification and localization and is being currently investigated by several commercial and governmental entities. Operation of a constellation of LEO satellites targeting AIS detection is currently foreseen to be started within the next few years. In this paper, the feasibility of the concept is proven by deriving the probability of ship detection over key geographical areas like the North Atlantic Ocean. Key system and sub-system parameters and components are analyzed including the satellite orbit, the satellite antenna design and the on-board receiver. Their impact to the overall system performance is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: NO2 Adducts of C60: Synthesis of Polynitro‐Polyhydroxy Fullerenes. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
[Methylation status of RASSF1A and DAPK promoter in retinoblastoma]. (2009)

RASSF1A promoter hypermethylation was frequently present in retinoblastoma, which may play an important role during the pathogenesis of retinoblastoma.
Highly Tunable Elastomeric Silk Biomaterials (2014)

Elastomeric, fully degradable and biocompatible biomaterials are rare, with current options presenting significant limitations in terms of ease of functionalization and tunable mechanical and degradation properties. We report a new method for covalently crosslinking tyrosine residues in silk proteins, via horseradish peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide, to generate highly elastic hydrogels with tunable properties. The tunable mechanical properties, gelation kinetics and swelling properties of these new protein polymers, in addition to their ability to withstand shear strains on the order of 100%, compressive strains greater than 70% and display stiffness between 200 - 10,000 Pa, covering a significant portion of the properties of native soft tissues. Molecular weight and solvent composition allowed control of material mechanical properties over several orders of magnitude while maintaining high resilience and resistance to fatigue. Encapsulation of human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) showed long term survival and exhibited cell-matrix interactions reflective of both silk concentration and gelation conditions. Further biocompatibility of these materials were demonstrated with <i>in vivo</i> evaluation. These new protein-based elastomeric and degradable hydrogels represent an exciting new biomaterials option, with a unique combination of properties, for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Impact of molecular structure of working fluids on performance of organic Rankine cycles (ORCs) (2017)

Performance of organic Rankine cycle (ORC) power plants can be predicted based on the molecular structures of working fluids.
40 Gbit/s single-channel transmission over standardsinglemode fibreusing distributed Raman amplification (2000)

A 40 Gbit/s single-channel transmission experiment over standard singlemode fibre has been conducted using distributed Raman amplification. Distributed Raman amplification reduced the effect of pulse interactions and improved the transmission performance.
Optimal design of a compact 99.3% efficient single-phase PFC rectifier (2010)

Due to rising energy costs the efficiency of power electronics converter systems is of higher and higher importance, especially for applications with continuous operation as e.g. server power supplies. For designing such supplies numerous parameters like the switching frequency and the characteristic values and the geometry of magnetic components must be determined. In this paper, an optimisation procedure, which automatically determines the parameter values of a single-phase bridgeless PFC rectifier for maximum efficiency is presented. There, continuous and discontinuous operation mode, as well as a concept for magnetic integration of the CM and DM filter inductors is included. For verifying the considerations, a prototype with 99.3% efficiency and a power density of 1.35 kW/dm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> is presented.
Speech denoising using nonnegative matrix factorization with priors (2008)

We present a technique for denoising speech using nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) in combination with statistical speech and noise models. We compare our new technique to standard NMF and to a state-of-the-art Wiener filter implementation and show improvements in speech quality across a range of interfering noise types.