gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polyaniline nanowires-gold nanoparticles hybrid network based chemiresistive hydrogen sulfide sensor (2009)

We report a sensitive, selective, and fast responding room temperature chemiresistive sensor for hydrogen sulfide detection and quantification using polyaniline nanowires-gold nanoparticles hybrid network. The sensor was fabricated by facile electrochemical technique. Initially, polyaniline nanowires with a diameter of 250–320 nm bridging the gap between a pair of microfabricated gold electrodes were synthesized using templateless electrochemical polymerization using a two step galvanostatic technique. Polyaniline nanowires were then electrochemically functionalized with gold nanoparticles using cyclic voltammetry technique. These chemiresistive sensors show an excellent limit of detection (0.1 ppb), wide dynamic range (0.1–100 ppb), and very good selectivity and reproducibility.
연구논문 : 취반과정중 조리수가 우유일때 이화학적 특성과 in vitro 소화도 (1987)

The changes of various cooking experiment (gelatinization, swelling, texture, water absorbance) and amino acid, fatty acid composition and the effect of digestibility on glucose examination (in vitro) were investigated at various rice during cooking by using milk. The results are summarized as follows. 1) In the effect of various water-to-rice ratios on the degree of absorbance of rice, Rice (using water) always showed higher absorbance than rice. (using milk) optimum water absorbance time were shown to be 40 minute for rice (using water) and 50 minute for rice (using milk). 2) The degree of gelatinization (D.G) by iodine colorimetric method increased proportionally according to the increase of water-to-rice ratio and rice cooking always showed higher D.G than rice milk cooking. When the same D.G rice milk cooking food required 40∼50% higher water-to-rice ratios than rice cooking food. 3) Various rice cooking food, the palatability were best food by rice bean milk cooking food. 4) The main Amino acid composition of using milk rico cooked food were Glutenine, Leusine, Asparagine, Valine, Arginin above 42% of the Total Amino acid. The contents of Lysine and Methionine were 476.50㎎, 412.16㎎ in using Milk rice cooking food. 5) Using rice Milk cooking food and Rice bean Milk cooking food, rice cooking, rice bean cooking in phosphate buffer, in vitro Enzymatic glucose were carried out in dialysis bag. During 90 minute of incubation at 37℃, reducing sugar were analyzed from dialysate. Starch digestibility measured from human Saliva, Sali a, Pencreatic Amylase treatment was high in Rice Milk cooking food, Rice bean Milk cooking food and rice cooking food and rice bean cooking food but remarkely low.
Streaming XML with Jabber/XMPP (2005)

Jabber is an open alternative to closed instant messaging (IM) and presence services. At its core is the extensible messaging and presence protocol (XMPP), which defines how to stream XML content and is being used to build not only a large open IM network but also a wide range of XML applications. This article provides an overview of Jabber/XMPP protocols and technologies, as well as an introduction to XMPP-based applications.
Systems and economic analysis of microalgae ponds for conversion of CO{sub 2} to biomass. Final report (1996)

There is growing evidence that global warming could become a major global environmental threat during the 21st century. The precautionary principle commands preventive action, at both national and international levels, to minimize this potential threat. Many near-term, relatively inexpensive, mitigation options are available. In addition, long-term research is required to evaluate and develop advanced, possibly more expensive, countermeasures, in the eventuality that they may be required. The utilization of power plant CO{sub 2} and its recycling into fossil fuel substitutes by microalgae cultures could be one such long-term technology. Microalgae production is an expanding industry in the U.S., with three commercial systems (of approximately 10 hectare each) producing nutriceuticals, specifically beta-carotene, extracted from Dunaliella, and Spirulina biomass. Microalgae are also used in wastewater treatment. Currently production costs are high, about $10,000/ton of algal biomass, almost two orders of magnitude higher than acceptable for greenhouse gas mitigation. This report reviews the current state-of-the-art, including algal cultivation and harvesting-processing, and outlines a technique for achieving very high productivities. Costs of CO{sub 2} mitigation with microalgae production of oils ({open_quotes}biodiesel{close_quotes}) are estimated and future R&D needs outlined.
Scandium aluminum nitride: Highly piezoelectric thin film for RF SAW devices in multi GHz range (2012)

This paper describes the preparation, characterization and application of scandium doped aluminum nitride (ScAIN) thin film. First, ScAIN thin film is deposited using dual co-sputtering technique. The piezolectric coefficient d <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">33</sub> of the film increases as the scandium concentration in the film increases and reaches a value approximately five times larger than that of AIN. Next, the high temperature durability of the film is shown by the changelessness of piezoelectric coefficient after heat treatment of approximately 1,000°C. Then, surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices are fabricated using a ScAIN/6Hsilicon carbide (6H-SiC) structure, and it is shown that the structure offers large Vand K <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , while possessing very small SAW attenuation even in the multi GHz range.
Pigmented guinea pig skin irradiated with Q-switched ruby laser pulses. Morphologic and histologic findings (1989)

• Q-switched ruby laser pulses cause selective damage to cutaneous pigmented cells. Repair of this selective damage has not been well described. Therefore, using epilated pigmented and albino guinea pig skin, we studied the acute injury and tissue repair caused by 40-ns, Q-switched ruby laser pulses. Gross observation and light and electron microscopy were performed. No specific changes were evident in the albino guinea pigs. In pigmented animals, with radiant exposures of 0.4 J/cm<sup>2</sup>or greater, white spots confined to the 2.5-mm exposure sites developed immediately and faded over 20 minutes. Delayed depigmentation occurred at seven to ten days, followed by full repigmentation by four to eight weeks. Regrowing hairs in sites irradiated at and above 0.4 J/cm<sup>2</sup>remained white for at least four months. Histologically, vacuolation of pigment-laden cells was seen immediately in the epidermis and the follicular epithelium at exposures of 0.3 J/cm<sup>2</sup>and greater. Melanosomal disruption was seen immediately by electron microscopy at and above 0.3 J/cm<sup>2</sup>. Over the next seven days, epidermal necrosis was followed by regeneration of a depigmented epidermis. By four months, melanosomes and melanin pigmentation had returned; however, hair follicles remained depigmented and devoid of melanocytes. This study demonstrates that selective melanosomal disruption caused by Q-switched ruby laser pulses leads to transient cutaneous depigmentation and persistent follicular depigmentation. Potential exists for selective treatment of pigmented epidermal and dermal lesions with this modality. (<i>Arch Dermatol</i>1989;125:43-49)
Hyperspectral Imaging Analysis for the Classification of Soil Types and the Determination of Soil Total Nitrogen (2017)

Soil is an important environment for crop growth. Quick and accurately access to soil nutrient content information is a prerequisite for scientific fertilization. In this work, hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technology was applied for the classification of soil types and the measurement of soil total nitrogen (TN) content. A total of 183 soil samples collected from Shangyu City (People's Republic of China), were scanned by a near-infrared hyperspectral imaging system with a wavelength range of 874-1734 nm. The soil samples belonged to three major soil types typical of this area, including paddy soil, red soil and seashore saline soil. The successive projections algorithm (SPA) method was utilized to select effective wavelengths from the full spectrum. Pattern texture features (energy, contrast, homogeneity and entropy) were extracted from the gray-scale images at the effective wavelengths. The support vector machines (SVM) and partial least squares regression (PLSR) methods were used to establish classification and prediction models, respectively. The results showed that by using the combined data sets of effective wavelengths and texture features for modelling an optimal correct classification rate of 91.8%. could be achieved. The soil samples were first classified, then the local models were established for soil TN according to soil types, which achieved better prediction results than the general models. The overall results indicated that hyperspectral imaging technology could be used for soil type classification and soil TN determination, and data fusion combining spectral and image texture information showed advantages for the classification of soil types.
Reversal of P-Glycoprotein-Mediated Multidrug Resistance by Sipholane Triterpenoids (2007)

Nineteen triterpenoids, possessing four different skeletons, have been reported so far from the Red Sea sponge Siphonochalina siphonella. However, no biological activity of these compounds was ever reported. This study describes the isolation of two new triterpenoids, siphonellinol C (3) and sipholenol I (4), along with several known sipholane triterpenoids from the Red Sea sponge Callyspongia (=Siphonochalina) siphonella. Allylic oxidation of the major sipholane triterpenoids, sipholenol A (1) and sipholenone A (2), by selenium dioxide afforded four C-28-oxidized derivatives. Sipholane triterpenoids along with their semisynthetic derivatives were evaluated for their cytotoxicity and effect on reversing P-glycoprotein-mediated MDR to colchicine. Sipholenol A was found to be the most potent, and it increased the sensitivity of resistant KB-C2 cells by 16 times toward colchicine. This is the first report related to reversal of cancer chemotherapy resistance using these triterpenoids.
A hierarchical clustering strategy for very large fuzzy databases (2002)

Accessing very large fuzzy databases is often inefficient in terms of record retrieval. Multiple probes of the database are required to obtain records that are close, but not perfect, matches. This article proposes a fuzzy database organization and clustering of records, that provides for efficient and accurate fuzzy retrieval. Additionally, a robust collection of set operators and fuzzy operators are defined. The set operators allow for the fuzzy retrieval of records based upon a cardinality constraint. The fuzzy operators are embodied in the set operators and perform the low-level fuzzy or perfect matches.
Cell cycle changes associated with formation of Pt-DNA adducts in human ovarian carcinoma cells with different cisplatin sensitivity (1997)

The possible correlation between alterations in cytokinetic response to cisplatin (CP) treatment and drug resistance in human ovarian carcinoma cell lines was examined. Using dual parameter flow cytometry, we performed detailed time-course and dose-response analysis of cell cycle modifications in the parental A2780 and resistant A2780/CP cells exposed to CP. The data suggested that drug treatment resulted in similar types of cell cycle alterations in cells with different CP sensitivity. Rapid normalization of the cytokinetic pattern in both cell lines at low doses of CP was observed. At higher drug concentrations reversible S phase delay predominated, accompanied by blocks in both G1/S and G2/M and followed by complete normalization of cytokinetic patterns in the surviving cells. CP treatment by lethal doses resulted in almost complete S phase block. The surviving cells at 72 h accumulated in G2 phase. CP-induced cell cycle perturbations, among which the most pronounced were alterations in the S phase populations, correlated with the level of DNA damage, but not with cell survival in these cell lines. However, at identical levels of DNA damage, the resistant A2780/CP cell line demonstrated decreased p53 induction and decreased apoptosis compared to the parental cell line. Thus, at equivalent levels of DNA damage, resistance in this model system correlated with a diminished p53-dependent apoptotic pathway rather than with differences in cell cycle response. Cytometry 27:54–64, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Involvement of Toll-like Receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4 in Cell Activation by Mannuronic Acid Polymers (2002)

The alginate capsule produced by the human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa is composed mainly of mannuronic acid polymers (poly-M) that have immunostimulating properties. Poly-M shares with lipopolysaccharide the ability to stimulate cytokine production from human monocytes in a CD14-dependent manner. In the present study we examined the role of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4 in responses to poly-M. Blocking antibodies to TLR2 and TLR4 partly inhibited tumor necrosis factor production induced by poly-M in human monocytes, and further inhibition was obtained by combining the antibodies. By transiently transfecting HEK293 cells, we found that membrane CD14 together with either TLR2 or TLR4/MD-2 could mediate activation by poly-M. Transfection of HEK293 cells with TLR2 and fluorescently labeled TLR4 followed by co-patching of TLR2 with an antibody revealed no association of these molecules on the plasma membrane. However, macrophages from the Tlr4 mutant C3H/HeJ mice and TLR4 knockout mice were completely non-responsive to poly-M, whereas the tumor necrosis factor release from TLR2 knockout macrophages was half of that seen with wild type cells. Taken together the results suggest that both TLR2 and TLR4 are involved in cell activation by poly-M and that TLR4 may be required in primary murine macrophages.
Structure and analysis of the Z-source MVDC breaker (2011)

The medium-voltage dc (MVDC) architecture shows potential for future ship power systems. Components of the MVDC system are fairly well established; with the exception of circuit breakers. The main problem with the breakers in dc systems is the absence of a zero crossing in the current needed to extinguish an interrupting arc. Options for breakers in MVDC systems include over-sizing traditional ac breakers, hybrid mechanical/semiconductor breakers, and solid-state breakers. The recently introduced z-source breaker is most similar to the solid-state breaker, but has the additional feature of automatically responding to faults quickly and without the need for fault detection. Furthermore, the z-source breaker isolates the generation source from the fault current. This paper presents detailed analysis of the z-source breaker as well as variations on the topological structure. The various breaker options are validated through detailed simulation.
Traveling wave-based fault location experiences (2010)

Transmission utility companies continuously strive for high availability of their lines. When a line is off service following a permanent fault, a significant amount of the time during the restore the line can be attributed to locating the point of the fault. This paper shows how this time can be significantly reduced using highly accurate traveling wave (TW) fault locators. It describes location results of several faults in three separated transmissions lines. The collected data are compared to those obtained by considering one- and two-end impedance location algorithms for the same faults. It also highlights the unique characteristics of Reason fault locators to overcome common problems of other TW solutions existing in the market.
Heavy-Duty Vehicle Platoon Formation for Fuel Efficiency (2015)

Heavy-duty vehicles driving close behind each other, also known as platooning, experience a reduced aerodynamic drag, which reduces the overall fuel consumption up to 20% for the trailing vehicle. However, due to each vehicle being assigned with different transport missions (with different origins, destinations, and delivery times), platoons should be formed, split, and merged along the highways, and vehicles have to drive solo sometimes. In this paper, we study how two or more scattered vehicles can cooperate to form platoons in a fuel-efficient manner. We show that when forming platoons on the fly on the same route and not considering rerouting, the road topography has a negligible effect on the coordination decision. With this, we then formulate an optimization problem when coordinating two vehicles to form a platoon. We propose a coordination algorithm to form platoons of several vehicles that coordinates neighboring vehicles pairwise. Through a simulation study with detailed vehicle models and real road topography, it is shown that our approach yields significant fuel savings.
A Doherty Power Amplifier Design Method for Improved Efficiency and Linearity (2016)

A novel Doherty power amplifier (PA) design method enabling high efficiency and high linearity simultaneously is proposed. The output combiner network is treated as a black box, and its parameters, together with the input phase delay, are solved based on given transistor characteristics and design requirements. This opens for new PA solutions with nonconventional Doherty behavior. The increased design space enables new tradeoffs in Doherty PA designs, including solutions with both high efficiency and high linearity simultaneously. A method utilizing the new design space is developed. For verification, a 20-W 2.14-GHz symmetrical gallium nitride high electron mobility transistors Doherty PA is fabricated and measured. The PA obtains an average power added efficiency of 40% and an adjacent power leakage ratio of -41 dBc without any linearization for an 8.6-dB peak to average power ratio 10-MHz-long term evolution signal, at an average output power of 35.5 dBm.
Interplay between microRNAs and RNA-binding proteins determines developmental processes (2008)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are genes involved in normal development and cancer. They inhibit gene expression by associating with 3'-Untranslated regions (3'UTRs) of messenger RNAs (mRNAs), and are thought to regulate a large proportion of protein coding genes. However, it is becoming apparent that miRNA activity is not necessarily always determined by its expression in the cell. MiRNA activity can be affected by RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). For example, the RNA-binding protein HuR associates with the 3'UTR of the CAT1 mRNA after stress, counteracting the effect of miR-122. Second, we found that the expression of an RNA-binding protein called Dead end (Dnd1) prohibits the function of several miRNAs by blocking the accessibility of target mRNAs.(2) Dnd1 function is essential for proper development of primordial germ cells (PGCs) in zebrafish and mammals, indicating a crucial role for RBP/miRNA interplay on 3'UTRs of mRNAs in developmental decisions. In this perspective we discuss the interplay between RBPs and miRNAs in the context of germ cells and review current observations implicating RBPs in miRNA function.
Inhibition of stress‐stimulated colonic propulsion by α<sub>2</sub>‐adrenoceptor antagonists in rats (1998)

Alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonists have been reported to stimulate colonic motor activity, but the effect on colonic motor dysfunction is unclear. We have investigated the effect of alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonists on wrap-restraint stress-stimulated and normal colonic propulsion in rats. Colonic propulsion was evaluated by the transit of a charcoal marker along the colon. Faecal pellets output was also measured. A 30-min exposure to wrap-restraint stress starting 120 min after infusion of the charcoal marker significantly stimulated colonic transit with a concomitant increase in faecal pellets. Yohimbine and idazoxan, alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonists, clonidine, an alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist, and atropine suppressed wrap-restraint stress-stimulated colonic transit and faecal excretion in a dose-dependent manner. Ondansetron and YM060, 5-hydroxytryptamine3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonists, potently inhibited wrap-restraint stress-stimulated colonic transit, but only weakly inhibited faecal excretion. Neither alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonists nor atropine had any significant effect on normal colonic transit, whereas clonidine and the 5-HT3 receptor antagonists inhibited it. alpha 2-Adrenoceptor antagonists as well as clonidine, atropine and 5-HT3 receptor antagonists inhibit the stress-induced colonic motor dysfunction in rats.
Tourette Syndrome and Klippel-Feil Anomaly in a Child with Chromosome 22q11 Duplication (2009)

This is the first case description of the association of Klippel-Feil Syndrome (KFS), Tourette Syndrome (TS), Motor Stereotypies, and Obsessive Compulsive Behavior, with chromosome 22q11.2 Duplication Syndrome (22q11DupS). Neuropsychiatric symptoms in persons with 22q11.2 deletion, including obsessive compulsiveness, anxiety, hyperactivity, and one prior case report of TS, have been attributed to low copy number effects on Catechol-O-Methyltransferase (COMT). However, the present unique case of 22q11DupS and TS suggests a more complex relationship, either for low- or high-COMT activity, or for other genes at this locus.
Improvement of HfO&lt;inf&gt;2&lt;/inf&gt; based RRAM array performances by local Si implantation (2017)

A thorough insight of Si implantation in HfÜ2-based OXRAM is presented, from a material standpoint up to a 4 kbit 1T-1R array. We demonstrate for the first time that local implantation enables switching area localization and significantly decreases forming, set and reset voltages, improves data retention (tails at 3o are stable up to 1000 min at 165°C), while not being detrimental for endurance. In particular using low voltage programming conditions (VF <; 3V with 100 ns pulses), a memory window of 10 at 3σ is demonstrated, paving the way to low power OxRAM arrays with lower variability and improved robustness.
Retention (1989)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationNotes on contributorsMarilyn H. BedfordMarilyn H. Bedford, Director, Baptist Student Union, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406-0005.Peter E. DurkeePeter E. Durkee, Ph.D., Vice President for Student Affairs, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406.
Temperature rise induced in Si by continuous xenon arc lamp radiation (1982)

It is shown that practical beam annealing of silicon can be accomplished with a high intensity arc lamp. The use of a one-dimensional, steady-state solution for temperature is justified. The Kirchhoff transform is utilized to include the temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity. Surface temperatures produced by a xenon arc lamp are calculated for 300- and 375-μm thick silicon samples, using substrate temperatures of 350 and 500 °C. It is shown that substantial reduction of the radiation intensity required for a given surface temperature can be obtained by placing a quartz wafer between the silicon sample and the heat sink.