gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Site-Directed Mutagenesis of Conserved Cysteine Residues in Porcine Membrane Dipeptidase. Cys 361 Alone Is Involved in Disulfide-Linked Dimerization (1996)

Membrane dipeptidase (EC 3.4.13.19) is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored glycoprotein of the renal brush border which exists as a disulfide-linked homodimer. Porcine membrane dipeptidase has a subunit M(r) of 47 kDa, and the mature protein contains seven cysteine residues per subunit, six of which are conserved in the human enzyme. Chemical modification established that cysteine residues are not involved in enzyme activity. In order to determine which of the cysteine residues are involved in the interchain disulfide bond, we have used a site-directed mutagenesis approach. Each of the conserved cysteine residues was replaced by glycine or alanine. The single mutants (C71G, C93A, C154G, C226A, C258G, and C361G) were expressed in COS-1 cells and their enzymatic activity and oligomeric structure determined. Only the C361G mutant migrated as a polypeptide of 47 kDa when subjected to denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under nonreducing conditions. Thus, cysteine 361 is the only residue involved in disulfide linkage between the subunits. This places the disulfide bond close to the site of GPI anchor addition (Ser 368 in the porcine enzyme) and to the membrane surface. Titration of the human and porcine proteins with 2-nitro-5-thiosulfabenzoate indicates that membrane dipeptidase additionally possesses two intrachain disulfide bonds. On native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the C361G mutant migrates in a manner identical to that of the wild type, indicating that the protein remains associated as a noncovalent homodimer. The expressed C361G mutant, unlike the wild type, is released from COS-1 cell membranes by trypsin and by an endogenous serine protease.
Adaptive small cell access of licensed and unlicensed bands (2013)

WiFi interfaces have been recently incorporated in most cellular user equipments (UEs). In current practice, the UE selects either the licensed band for cellular technologies or the unlicensed WiFi band depending on the signal quality of both bands. At the same time, small (pico or femto) cells have also become popular means to offload traffic from traditional macro-cell networks and to improve cell coverage. This work presents a method for dynamic switching and aggregation of licensed and unlicensed bands in small cells for traffic offloading and per-user throughput enhancement. Our proposed method allows small cells to jointly control transmission in both licensed and unlicensed bands in order to maximize the sum of small cell user throughputs over both bands while constraining the interference effect to maintain the Quality of Service (QoS) requirements for macrocell user equipments. Performance evaluation shows that our proposed scheme outperforms other existing solutions.
Clinical perspective of fusion inhibitors for treatment of HIV (2004)

The number of antiretroviral-experienced HIV patients with multiple resistances against the currently available antiretroviral drug classes is increasing substantially. Therapeutic options for this specific group of patients are limited. The fusion inhibitor enfuvirtide represents the first new therapeutic option from a new drug class for this patient population. An optimized background therapy with remaining antiviral activity appears essential in order to avoid resistance development against enfuvirtide. Despite the high price of enfuvirtide, cost-effectiveness and increase in quality of life have been demonstrated in patients achieving virological control under optimized background and enfuvirtide therapy. In this article, the characteristics and clinical perspectives of fusion inhibitors are presented and discussed.
Privacy Preserving String Matching for Cloud Computing (2015)

Cloud computing has become indispensable in providing highly reliable data services to users. But, there are major concerns about the privacy of the data stored on cloud servers. While encryption of data provides sufficient protection, it is challenging to support rich querying functionality, such as string matching, over the encrypted data. In this work, we present the first ever symmetric key based approach to support privacy preserving string matching in cloud computing. We describe an efficient and accurate indexing structure, the PASS tree, which can execute a string pattern query in logarithmic time complexity over a set of data items. The PASS tree provides strong privacy guarantees against attacks from a semi-honest adversary. We have comprehensively evaluated our scheme over large real-life data, such as Wikipedia and Enron documents, containing up to 100000 keywords, and show that our algorithms achieve pattern search in less than a few milliseconds with 100% accuracy. Furthermore, we also describe a relevance ranking algorithm to return the most relevant documents to the user based on the pattern query. Our ranking algorithm achieves 90%+ above precision in ranking the returned documents.
SOI devices for sub-0.1 μm gate lengths (2003)

Different SOI MOSFET structures for sub 0.1 /spl mu/m gate lengths are discussed. To reduce short-channel effects such as DIBL (drain induced barrier lowering) and subthreshold slope degradation, thin SOI films have to be used, which causes high source and drain resistance and low threshold voltage problems. These problems can be solved using midgap gate materials, elevated or Schottky S and D structures and multiple gates. The use of ground-plane structures improves the short-channel effects but increase the body effect, while the use of multiple gates (double gate, triple gate, etc.) improves all device characteristics and increase the current drive. SOI seems well adapted to future low-power VLSI electronics.
Long-term preservation of the heart: the effect of infusion pressure during continuous hypothermic cardioplegia. (1992)

Continuous hypothermic low-flow infusion of cardioplegic or other preservation solutions has been advocated for extending the maximum duration of storage of donor hearts for transplantation. We report the effect of varying the pressure during continuous infusion of St. Thomas' Hospital cardioplegic solution on functional recovery after long-term storage. Isolated working rat hearts (six per group) were aerobically perfused (20 minutes), and control indexes of cardiac function were measured; hypothermic ischemic arrest was then induced by a 3-minute infusion (60 cm H2O) of cold (7.5 degrees C) St. Thomas' Hospital cardioplegic solution. Hearts were then stored for 8 hours at 7.5 degrees C, either immersed in St. Thomas' Hospital cardioplegic solution (noninfused control) or continuously infused at varying infusion pressures with St. Thomas' Hospital cardioplegic solution, which had been both oxygenated and supplemented by the addition of glucose (11.1 mmol/L). After 8 hours of hypothermic ischemia, the rate of cardioplegic infusion was measured as an index of vascular resistance. The hearts were then reperfused (Langendorff) for 30 minutes during which creatine kinase leakage was measured. The hearts were then converted to working preparations for 20 minutes, and the recovery of contractile function was measured and expressed as a percentage of the preischemic control value. In hearts that had been subjected to continuous infusion at 6, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 60 cm H2O, the recoveries of aortic flow were 0% (p less than 0.05), 38.6% +/- 5.1% (p less than 0.05), 36.2% +/- 3.6% (p less than 0.05), 14.0% +/- 8.0%, 5.8% +/- 2.9%, and 9.9% +/- 4.7%, respectively, and the postischemic leakage of creatine kinase was 98.7 +/- 19.5 (p less than 0.05), 26.2 +/- 4.2, 15.5 +/- 3.4, 30.4 +/- 11.1, 109.8 +/- 21.8 (p less than 0.05), and 136.0 +/- 14.1 (p less than 0.05) IU/30 min/gm dry weight, respectively. In contrast, in noninfused control hearts the recovery of aortic flow was 11.1% +/- 7.5%, and creatine kinase leakage was 58.9 +/- 8.7 IU/30 min/gm dry weight. In conclusion, maximum myocardial preservation was obtained with continuous low-flow hypothermic cardioplegic infusion at pressures between 10 and 20 cm H2O.
Kallikrein Gene Delivery Attenuates Hypertension and Cardiac Hypertrophy and Enhances Renal Function in Goldblatt Hypertensive Rats (1998)

To demonstrate potential therapeutic effects of kallikrein gene delivery, we delivered adenovirus (Ad.CMV-cHK) carrying the human tissue kallikrein gene into two-kidney, one-clip Goldblatt hypertensive rats. A single intravenous injection of the recombinant adenovirus caused a delay of blood pressure increase that began 1 day after injection and continued for 24 days. A maximal blood pressure reduction was observed in rats receiving kallikrein gene delivery compared with control rats receiving Ad.CMV-LacZ (160+/-5 versus 186+/-7 mm Hg, n=6, P<.01). The expression of human tissue kallikrein mRNA was identified in the kidney, heart, aorta, and liver of rats receiving kallikrein gene delivery. Immunoreactive human kallikrein levels were measured in rat serum and urine in a time-dependent manner. Adenovirus-mediated kallikrein gene delivery caused a significant reduction in the left ventricular mass and cardiomyocyte size, as well as an increase in renal blood flow, urine flow, glomerular filtration rates, electrolyte output, and urine excretion. Enhanced renal responses were accompanied by significant increases in urinary kinin, nitrite/nitrate, and cyclic GMP levels. These findings show that the expression of human tissue kallikrein via gene delivery has protective effects against renovascular hypertension and cardiovascular and renal dysfunction.
Phase I Clinical and Pharmacokinetic Study of the Novel Raf Kinase and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitor BAY 43-9006 in Patients With Advanced Refractory Solid Tumors (2004)

Oral BAY 43-9006 was well tolerated and appeared to provide some clinical benefits. Based on the results of this study, BAY 43-9006 at 400 mg bid continuous is recommended for ongoing and future studies.
Development of a Miniature Robot for Multi-robot Occupancy Grid Mapping (2018)

In this paper, we describe the design and evaluate the performance of Orion, a miniature sized differential drive robot for performing Intelligent Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR) tasks. The robot has a footprint of 12 × 12 cm and weighs a total of 150 grams. It is able to navigate over two dimensional surfaces and perform indoor environment sensing using a custom build laser based ranging module. It uses log-odd occupancy and an inverse sensor model for occupancy grid map construction. We show that with our developed system, the robot is able to perform mapping in a closed environment. We also show how multiple of such robots can be extended to perform multi-robot mapping. This is our first step in the development of a multi-robot system for indoor space mapping using an embedded system architecture.
The Theory and Computation of Optical Modifications to the Cornea in Refractive Keratoplasty (1979)

The optical theory of keratophakia employing implant lenticules with a refractive index different from that of the cornea is presented. This generalized theory also embraces keratophakia employing donated stromal lenticules and keratomileusis, with equal accuracy. The method of solution of the formulas is indicated. The effects of the various parameters upon the radius of curvature to be applied to the cornea are illustrated and discussed.
Effective Antiscaling Performance of Reverse-Osmosis Membranes Made of Carbon Nanotubes and Polyamide Nanocomposites (2018)

The antiscaling properties of multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-polyamide (PA) nanocomposite reverse-osmosis (RO) desalination membranes (MWCNT-PA membranes) were studied. An aqueous solution of calcium chloride (CaCl<sub>2</sub>) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO<sub>3</sub>) was used to precipitate in situ calcium carbonate (CaCO<sub>3</sub>) to emulate scaling. The MWCNT contents of the studied nanocomposite membranes prepared by interfacial polymerization ranged from 0 wt % (plain PA) to 25 wt %. The inorganic antiscaling performances were compared for the MWCNT-PA membranes to laboratory-made plain and commercial PA-based RO membranes. The scaling process on the membrane surface was monitored by fluorescence microscopy after labeling the scale with a fluorescent dye. The deposited scale on the MWCNT-PA membrane was less abundant and more easily detached by the shear stress under cross-flow compared to other membranes. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the attraction of Ca<sup>2+</sup> ions was hindered by the interfacial water layer formed on the surface of the MWCNT-PA membrane. Together, our findings revealed that the observed outstanding antiscaling performance of MWCNT-PA membranes results from (i) a smooth surface morphology, (ii) a low surface charge, and (iii) the formation of an interfacial water layer. The MWCNT-PA membranes described herein are advantageous for water treatment.
A real-time 1080p 2D-to-3D video conversion system (2011)

In this paper, a 2D-to-3D video conversion system capable of realtime conversion of 1920×1080p 2D video to 3D video is presented. System fuses global and local depth generation modules to generate depth image, and use depth image based rendering(DIBR) algorithm to render 3D video. The system is implemented both on software and hardware. Software is based on multi-core system with CUDA platform. To optimize performance, several techniques are proposed, including unified streaming dataflow, multi-thread schedule synchronization, and CUDA acceleration. Real-time 1920×1080p 2D-to-3D video conversion system running at 30fps is achieved.
A Micropower $\Delta\Sigma$-Based Interface ASIC for a Capacitive 3-Axis Micro-Accelerometer (2009)

In this paper, a micropower interface IC for a capacitive 3-axis micro-accelerometer is presented. The IC is implemented in a 0.25-mum CMOS process. The fully-integrated sensor interface is based on a DeltaSigma sensor front-end that operates mechanically in an open-loop configuration and converts the acceleration signals directly into the digital domain, thus avoiding the use of separate analog-to-digital converters. A detailed analysis with transfer functions is presented for the front-end circuit. Furthermore, the interface IC includes a decimator, a frequency reference, a clock generator for the front-end, a voltage and current reference, the required reference buffers, and low-dropout regulators (LDOs) needed for system-on-chip power management. The interface IC provides operating modes with 12-bit resolution for 1 and 25 Hz signal bandwidths. The former is optimized for very low power dissipation at the cost of reduced bandwidth, and is intended for example for activity monitoring in otherwise powered-off devices. The chip, with a 1.73 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> active area, draws typically 21.2 muA in the 1 Hz mode, and 97.6 muA in the 25 Hz mode, from a 1.2-2.75 V supply. In the 1 and 25 Hz modes with a plusmn 4-g capacitive 3-axis accelerometer, the measured noise floors in the x-, y-, and z-directions are 1080, 1100 and 930 mug/radic{Hz}, and 360, 320 and 275 mug/radic{Hz} , respectively. The implemented prototype achieves competitive figures of merit (FOMs) compared to the other published or commercially available, low-g, low-power accelerometers.
Diamond film growth in a flowtube: A temperature dependence study (1991)

Data are presented on the rate of diamond film growth in a flowtube at uniform temperature and pressure, and on the rate of H-atom decay in the tube during growth. Diamonds are grown by adding methane to a flow of atomic hydrogen in a carrier gas. The study covers temperatures from 600 to 900 °C, and a range of methane and H-atom concentrations. The profile of diamond growth rate in the tube is a measure of the gas-phase rise and decay of chemical species required for growth. A rudimentary computer model, fitted to the measured H-atom loss rates, is used to compare the gas-phase chemistry with the profiles. Using an assumed rate law for diamond growth, reasonable agreement with the data can only be obtained by including rapid, nonproductive wall loss of more than 95% of the methyl radicals. The data also suggest that methane (or methyl) increases the loss rate of H atoms, and that the converse is true: H atoms increase the loss rate of methyl radicals. Both processes are too fast to be accounted for by gas-phase chemistry. The model comparison yields an estimate for an activation energy of 19±10 kcal for the heterogeneous growth process. This number is meaningful only if the assumed rate law is correct.
The production of myco-diesel hydrocarbons and their derivatives by the endophytic fungus Gliocladium roseum (NRRL 50072) (2008)

An endophytic fungus, Gliocladium roseum (NRRL 50072), produced a series of volatile hydrocarbons and hydrocarbon derivatives on an oatmeal-based agar under microaerophilic conditions as analysed by solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME)-GC/MS. As an example, this organism produced an extensive series of the acetic acid esters of straight-chained alkanes including those of pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, sec-octyl and decyl alcohols. Other hydrocarbons were also produced by this organism, including undecane, 2,6-dimethyl; decane, 3,3,5-trimethyl; cyclohexene, 4-methyl; decane, 3,3,6-trimethyl; and undecane, 4,4-dimethyl. Volatile hydrocarbons were also produced on a cellulose-based medium, including heptane, octane, benzene, and some branched hydrocarbons. An extract of the host plant, Eucryphia cordifolia (ulmo), supported the growth and hydrocarbon production of this fungus. Quantification of volatile organic compounds, as measured by proton transfer mass spectrometry (PTR-MS), indicated a level of organic substances in the order of 80 p.p.m.v. (parts per million by volume) in the air space above the oatmeal agar medium in an 18 day old culture. Scaling the PTR-MS profile the acetic acid heptyl ester was quantified (at 500 p.p.b.v.) and subsequently the amount of each compound in the GC/MS profile could be estimated; all yielded a total value of about 4.0 p.p.m.v. The hydrocarbon profile of G. roseum contains a number of compounds normally associated with diesel fuel and so the volatiles of this fungus have been dubbed 'myco-diesel'. Extraction of liquid cultures of the fungus revealed the presence of numerous fatty acids and other lipids. All of these findings have implications in energy production and utilization.
Characterisation of a new, fully active fluorescent derivative of E. coli tRNA Phe. (1980)

E. coli tRNAPhe has been labelled with fluorescein isothiocyanate taking advantage of the reactivity of this compound for primary aliphatic amino groups as exist in this tRNA as the modified base X(3-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)uracil). The extent of labelling was calculated as 1.6 nmole/A260 unit suggesting one dye molecule per tRNA. The FITC-tRNA showed full activity in aminoacylation and polypeptide synthesis. The absorption and fluorescence of the label respond markedly on addition of Mg++ to the tRNA. The label appears to be a sensitive probe of tRNAPhe tertiary structure.
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation at Both High and Low Frequencies Reduces Primary Hyperalgesia in Rats With Joint Inflammation in a Time-Dependent Manner (2007)

These data suggest that TENS inhibits primary hyperalgesia associated with inflammation in a time-dependent manner after inflammation has already developed during both acute and chronic stages.
Asymmetric reduction of N-substituted ketimines with the reagent prepared from borane and (S)-(–)-2-amino-3-methyl-1,1-diphenylbutan-1-ol (itsuno's reagent): enantioselective synthesis of optically active secondary amines (1990)

B. T. Cho and Y. S. Chun, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1990, 3200 DOI: 10.1039/P19900003200
Pre-scanning and dynamic caching for fast handoff at MAC layer in IEEE 802.11 wireless LANs (2005)

In recent years, wireless LANs have been widely deployed in public places because of its low cost and high-speed connectivity. To cover larger areas, many APs are required which necessitate the use of handoff between different APs. Therefore handoff latency has become essential issue in wireless LANs. The delay caused by handoff process affects the quality of real-time applications like VoIP. So, in order to resolve this problem, an improved fast handoff mechanism is required that can minimize the overall handoff latency enough to run voice and video applications seamlessly. Handoff consists of three phases including scanning, reauthentication, and reassociation. Scanning is the most time consuming phase among all three. We propose a fast handoff scheme in which channels are scanned prior to the time of handoff. This novel approach almost eliminates scanning delay by using a pre-scanning algorithm and it takes only few milli seconds by using a dynamic caching mechanism.
Ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation detection by a sequential hypothesis testing algorithm (1990)

An algorithm for detecting ventricular fibrillation (VF) and ventricular tachycardia (VT) by the method of sequential hypothesis testing is presented. The algorithm first generates a binary sequence by comparing the signal to a threshold. The probability distribution of the time intervals of the binary sequence is obtained, and Wald's sequential hypothesis testing procedure is next employed to discriminate the arrhythmias. Sequential hypothesis testing of 85 cases resulted in identification of 1) 97.64% VF and 97.65% VT episodes after 5 s, and 2) 100% identification of both VF and VT after 7 s. The desired false positive and false negative error probabilities can be preprogrammed into the algorithm. An important feature of the sequential method is that extra time for detection can be traded off for improved accuracy, and vice versa.
Partially parallel imaging with localized sensitivities (PILS) (2000)

In this study a novel partially parallel acquisition method is presented, which can be used to accelerate image acquisition using an RF coil array for spatial encoding. In this technique, Parallel Imaging with Localized Sensitivities (PILS), it is assumed that the individual coils in the array have localized sensitivity patterns, in that their sensitivity is restricted to a finite region of space. Within the PILS model, a detailed, highly accurate RF field map is not needed prior to reconstruction. In PILS, each coil in the array is fully characterized by only two parameters: the center of coil's sensitive region in the FOV and the width of the sensitive region around this center. In this study, it is demonstrated that the incorporation of these coil parameters into a localized Fourier transform allows reconstruction of full FOV images in each of the component coils from data sets acquired with a reduced number of phase encoding steps compared to conventional imaging techniques. After the introduction of the PILS technique, primary focus is given to issues related to the practical implementation of PILS, including coil parameter determination and the SNR and artifact power in the resulting images. Finally, in vivo PILS images are shown which demonstrate the utility of the technique.