gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Virtual Community Building Platform Based on Google Earth (2009)

Virtual community performs more and more important role for online users. Many tools for virtual community design, implementation and management have been developed, such as virtual reality (VR). On the other hand, few popular technologies have received frequent usage because of cost and time consuming. In this study, a platform for building virtual community more easily and quickly is proposed, which is called E-Life platform (ELP) in our paper. ELP is based on Google Earth (GE) which provides high resolution global geographic information. The architecture of ELP system based on SketchUp is discussed in this paper. The detailed implementation of ELP is presented. Moreover, how to build a virtual community by using ELP is also described in this paper. Experimental results have shown the efficiency and low cost of ELP system.
A semiconductor wafer representation database and its use in the PREDITOR process editor and statistical simulator (1991)

geometry and field Database (CDB), for representing the results of IC process and device simulation, and its use in the PREDITOR process editor and statistical simulator. Using fast analytical models, process simulation and device parameter extraction for a CMOS inverter takes 1.3sec on a DECstation 3100,
Medicinal Chemistry Optimization of Acyldepsipeptides of the Enopeptin Class Antibiotics (2006)

The therapy of life-threatening infections is significantly weakened by the global spread of antibiotic resistance. Synthetic exploration of enopeptin type acyldepsipeptide antibiotics revealed a remarkable structure–activity relationship. New compounds with improved in vitro antibiotic activity against Gram-positive pathogens (including multiresistant strains) and in vivo activity in mouse models of lethal infection are described. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2452/2006/z600055_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Twenty-five–Year Panorama of Corneal Immunology (2000)

In the last 25 years, we have seen our field develop from a descriptive stage into a new phase where the fundamental processes that mediate and effect corneal immunity are being accurately deciphered. It is anticipated that this new knowledge will allow development of specific molecular and genetic therapeutic strategies that could target critical steps in the immunopathogenesis of disease without the untoward side-effects of nonspecific generalized immune suppression that still remains the standard of care today.
The good design of pension plans (2013)

Starting from scratch as a defined contribution system you would think that Australia has an edge on the rest of the world. But a London-based event last month, jointly hosted by the OCED, The World Bank and the International Centre for Pension Management, revealed there is some benefit to the establishment of a defined contribution system a bit later in the game.
Generation and Transportation Mechanisms of Chemically Active Species by Dielectric Barrier Discharge in a Tube for Catheter Sterilization (2008)

Abstract The mechanisms of generation and transportation of a chemically active species in a tube generated by dielectric barrier discharge have been analyzed by experimental and computational methods to elucidate the sterilization mechanism. The obtained results are: i) Nitrogen oxide is an important sterilization factor. ii) Two‐dimensional profiles of emission intensities that expand between the wire and ground in a cross section of the tube were generated by streamer propagation and relaxation processes. iii) A twin vortex was induced in the cross section of the tube by the discharge. Chemically active species, probably transported from the discharge region to the upper region of the tube by the twin vortex, were concentrated by the circular flow. magnified image
Technical and economic study of Stirling and Rankine cycle bottoming systems for heavy truck diesel engines (1987)

Bottoming cycle concepts for heavy duty transport engine applications were studied. In particular, the following tasks were performed: (1) conceptual design and cost data development for Stirling systems; (2) life-cycle cost evaluation of three bottoming systems - organic Rankine, steam Rankine, and Stirling cycles; and (3) assessment of future directions in waste heat utilization research. Variables considered for the second task were initial capital investments, fuel savings, depreciation tax benefits, salvage values, and service/maintenance costs. The study shows that none of the three bottoming systems studied are even marginally attractive. Manufacturing costs have to be reduced by at least 65%. As a new approach, an integrated Rankine/Diesel system was proposed. It utilizes one of the diesel cylinders as an expander and capitalizes on the in-cylinder heat energy. The concept eliminates the need for the power transmission device and a sophisticated control system, and reduces the size of the exhaust evaporator. Results of an economic evaluation indicate that the system has the potential to become an attractive package for end users.
Incorporating Data Flow Ideas into von Neumann Processors for Parallel Execution (1987)

The issues of memory latency, synchronization, and distribution costs in multiprocessors are reviewed. The approaches taken by conventional and data flow architectures are contrasted in relation to these issues. It is pointed out that each approach fits well for a certain situation and that it is possible to have a common framework in which the two execution models can be mixed to suit the situation. An architecture is sketched by describing a few extensions to a conventional processor. While existing programs run without much change, it is shown that improvements could be made by using the new features to tolerate memory latency and to exploit more parallelism. It is shown that data flow graphs can be executed on this to exploit as much parallelism as a data flow architecture could. It is argued that such a testbed will provide for a selective translation of program segments into the appropriate execution model. A fast context switching hardware is presumed for this architecture.
System BIOS for IBM PCs, compatibles, and EISA computers : the complete guide to ROM-based system software (1991)

The second edition of this bestselling guide covers the next generation Phoenix BIOS, used in major PC compatible, EISA, and 486-based computers. Anyone developing software for these machines needs this important information.
The fibronectin isoform containing the ed‐b oncofetal domain: A marker of angiogenesis (1994)

Different fibronectin (FN) isoforms are generated by the alternative splicing of 3 regions (ED-A, ED-B and IIICS) of the primary transcript. The FN isoform containing the ED-B sequence, a complete type-III-homology repeat, while having extremely restricted distribution in normal adult tissues, reveals high expression in fetal and tumor tissues. Using the monoclonal antibody (MAb) BC-I, specific for the FN isoform containing the ED-B sequence (B+.FN), we demonstrated here, using immunohistochemical techniques, that while this FN isoform is undetectable in mature vessels, it is highly expressed during angiogenesis both in neoplastic and in normal tissues, as in the case of the functional layer of endometrium during the proliferative phase. B+.FN is thus a marker for the formation of new vessels, and the BC-I MAb may be a useful reagent for evaluating the level of the angiogenetic process in different neoplasms.
The daylight blocking optical stereo see-through HMD (2008)

In this paper we present an innovative daylight blocking optical stereo see-through HMD. Its outstanding capability is to pixelwise block incident daylight before super-imposing virtual content on the real scene. By doing so the device allows to seamlessly mix real and virtual content without the well-known effects of other optical see-through displays where real content will always shine through virtual content. To our knowledge related work on daylight blocking displays is very limited and we present the first commercial HMD available.
Inflammatory neuroprotection following traumatic brain injury (2016)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) elicits an inflammatory response in the central nervous system (CNS) that involves both resident and peripheral immune cells. Neuroinflammation can persist for years following a single TBI and may contribute to neurodegeneration. However, administration of anti-inflammatory drugs shortly after injury was not effective in the treatment of TBI patients. Some components of the neuroinflammatory response seem to play a beneficial role in the acute phase of TBI. Indeed, following CNS injury, early inflammation can set the stage for proper tissue regeneration and recovery, which can, perhaps, explain why general immunosuppression in TBI patients is disadvantageous. Here, we discuss some positive attributes of neuroinflammation and propose that inflammation be therapeutically guided in TBI patients rather than globally suppressed.
Failsafe multiline Hoytether lifetimes (1995)

We are currently developing a failsafe multiline tether system for long-duration, highvalue, and crew-rated missions. The lifetimes of current single-line tethers are limited by damage due to meteorite and orbital debris impactors to periods on the order of weeks. Although single-lme tether lifetimes can be improved by increasing the diameter of the tether, this incurs a prohibitive mass penalty. We have developed a tether structure composed of multiple lines with redundant interlinking that is able to withstand many impacts. Analytical modeling and numerical simulation of this design indicate that this tether structure can achieve lifetimes of tens of years without incurring a mass penalty. Moreover, while single-line tether survival probability drops exponentially with time, redundant linkage in failsafe multiline tethers keeps the tether survival probability very high until the tether lifetime is reached. d
プログラミングMicrosoft.NET Framework (2002)

第１部ＣＬＲの基礎（ＣＬＲの実行モデル；アプリケーションと型のビルド、パッケージング、配置、管理 ほか） 第２部 型の操作（型の基礎；単純型、参照型、値型） 第３部 型の設計（型とメンバの基礎；定数とフィールド ほか） 第４部 基礎となる型（文字、文字列、テキスト操作；列挙型とビットフラグ ほか） 第５部 ＣＬＲの機能（例外；自動メモリ管理（ガベージコレクション） ほか）
Inactivation of rsmA leads to overproduction of extracellular pectinases, cellulases, and proteases in Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora in the absence of the starvation/cell density-sensing signal, N-(3-oxohexanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone (1995)

The soft-rotting bacterium, Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora 71, produces extracellular enzymes such as pectate lyase isozymes (Pels), cellulase (Cel), polygalacturonase (Peh), and protease (Prt). While the extracellular levels of these enzymes are extremely low when the bacterium is grown in salts-yeast extract-glycerol (SYG) medium, the enzymatic activities are highly induced in SYG medium supplemented with celery extract. By transposon (mini-Tn5) mutagenesis, we isolated a RsmA- mutant, AC5070, which overproduces extracellular enzymes; the basal levels of Pel, Peh, and Cel in AC5070 are higher than the induced levels in the RsmA+ parent, AC5047. While Peh production is mostly constitutive in AC5070, Pel, Cel, and Prt production is still inducible with celery extract. The high basal levels of pel-1, pel-3, and peh-1 mRNAs in AC5070 demonstrate that overproduction of the pectolytic enzymes is due to the stimulation of transcription. Using chromosomal DNA flanking mini-Tn5 as a probe, we cloned the wild-type rsmA+ allele, which suppresses Pel, Peh, Cel, and Prt production in both RsmA+ and RsmA- strains. The RsmA- mutant, like its parent, produces N-(3-oxohexanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone (HSL), a starvation/cell density-sensing signal required for extracellular enzyme production. To examine the role of HSL, we constructed HSL-deficient strains by replacing hslI, a locus required for HSL production, with hslI::Tn3HoHo1-Spc. While the basal levels of Pel, Peh, Cel, and Prt are comparable in the RsmA- mutant and its HSL- derivative, these enzymes are barely detectable in the Hsl- derivative of the RsmA+ parent strain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A directional coupler of a vertically installed planar circuit structure (1988)

A 3-dB directional coupler is described which is fabricated by installing a vertical second printed circuit board on a main printed circuit board. The added vertical substrate significantly increases the freedom of design parameters. Coupling parameters are easily controlled by changing either the dielectric constants or the thicknesses of the substrates. This makes almost any coupling constant available along with good isolation and a suitable input impedance. The three-dimensional structure also makes a good use of space, resulting in a compact circuit structure. Experimental results agree well with a numerical calculation based on the boundary-element method and show the relaxed tolerances possible in fabrication. Effective permittivities and characteristic impedances for both even and odd modes were obtained and were substituted into the scattering matrix to obtain the parameters for a symmetrical directional coupler. A simplified design chart is also provided showing the dependence of characteristic impedances for odd and even modes on substrate thicknesses used.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Clarithromycin-ciprofloxacin-amikacin for therapy of Mycobacterium avium-Mycobacterium intracellulare bacteremia in patients with AIDS (1992)

A combination of clarithromycin, ciprofloxacin, and amikacin for the treatment of Mycobacterium avium-Mycobacterium intracellulare bacteremia was evaluated in 12 AIDS patients. Mycobacteremia cleared in all patients by 2 to 8 weeks of treatment, and symptoms resolved. Four patients died; all had negative blood cultures until death, and disseminated M. avium-M. intracellulare complex infection was not considered the primary cause of death.
Biologic agents in the treatment of inflammatory rheumatic diseases (1995)

Due to our increasing knowledge of mechanisms underlying pathogenic events in autoimmune rheumatic diseases, biologic agents have been further explored and tested in open and controlled clinical trials. Based on the results of placebo-controlled trials, monoclonal antibodies to CD4+ T cells have been found ineffective in treating rheumatoid arthritis. However, this type of monoclonal antibody might be useful for combination therapy with monoclonal antibody, against tumor necrosis factor-alpha. The most promising data have been collected from a placebo-controlled four-center study of monoclonal anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis patients. This type of treatment was demonstrated for the first time to effectively interfere with ongoing inflammatory processes. Undoubtedly, the progress in the development of biologic agents for the therapy of inflammatory rheumatic diseases is steadily improving. Thus, for the future, even better treatment principles for this group of diseases can be expected.
Detection of aneuploidy for chromosomes 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 17, 18, 21, X and Y by fluorescence in-situ hybridization in spermatozoa from nine patients with oligoasthenoteratozoospermia undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection (1999)

Recent evidence suggests that infertile males donating semen for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) may be at an increased risk of transmitting numerical (predominantly sex chromosome) abnormalities to their offspring. The present study was designed to determine aneuploidy in spermatozoa from oligoasthenoteratozoospermic (OAT) patients undergoing ICSI. Aneuploidy frequencies of 12 autosomes and the sex chromosomes were determined by fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) on spermatozoa from fresh ejaculate of nine severe OAT patients and four proven fertile donors. FISH, using directly labelled (fluorochrome-dUTP) satellite or contig DNA probes specific for chromosomes 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 17, 18, 21, X, and Y, was performed on decondensed spermatozoa. Per chromosome disomy frequencies for autosomes and sex chomosomes in OAT males were 0-5. 4%. In contrast, the disomy frequencies in controls were 0.05-0.2%. The frequency of diploid spermatozoa in OAT patients was 0.4-9.6%; controls showed a mean of 0.04%. Using recently developed formulae, the total aneuploidy in our OAT patient population was estimated to be 33-74%. In contrast, estimates of mean total aneuploidy in the spermatozoa of controls ranged from 4.1 to 7.7%, depending upon method of calculation. Six series of ICSI were performed on five of the OAT patients. Four resulted in no establishment of pregnancy; the others failed to establish ongoing pregnancies. Our cytogenetic data show significantly elevated frequencies of diploidy, autosomal disomy and nullisomy, sex chromosome aneuploidy, and total aneuploidy in OAT patients, which may contribute to the patients' infertility.
A 1.0-GHz single-issue 64-bit powerPC integer processor (1998)

The organization and circuit design of a 1.0 GHz integer processor built in 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS technology are presented, a microarchitecture emphasizing parallel computation with a single late select per cycle, structured control logic implemented by read-only-memories and programmable logic arrays, and a delayed reset dynamic circuit style enabling complex functions to be implemented in a few levels of logic are among the key design choices described. A means for at-speed scan testing of this high-frequency processor by a low-speed tester is also presented.
Retinoids, retinoid-responsive genes, cell differentiation, and cancer. (1992)

Vitamin A (retinol), its natural and synthetic derivatives, and its metabolites are known collectively as retinoids (Fig. 1). Vitamin A is required in the diets of vertebrate animals, and vitamin A is oxidized to RA,2 a compound that exerts dramatic effects on vertebrate development and cell differentiation. In addition, retinoids can inhibit or reverse the process of malignant transformation in some cell types. Most of the actions of retinoids are thought to be mediated by two different types of nuclear retinoic acid receptors. Smaller high-affinity CRABPs may also function to modulate the effects of RA within cells.
Strategy for directing combinatorial genome engineering in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2012)

We describe a directed genome-engineering approach that combines genome-wide methods for mapping genes to traits [Warner JR, Reeder PJ, Karimpour-Fard A, Woodruff LBA, Gill RT (2010) Nat Biotechnol 28:856-862] with strategies for rapidly creating combinatorial ribosomal binding site (RBS) mutation libraries containing billions of targeted modifications [Wang HH, et al. (2009) Nature 460:894-898]. This approach should prove broadly applicable to various efforts focused on improving production of fuels, chemicals, and pharmaceuticals, among other products. We used barcoded promoter mutation libraries to map the effect of increased or decreased expression of nearly every gene in Escherichia coli onto growth in several model environments (cellulosic hydrolysate, low pH, and high acetate). Based on these data, we created and evaluated RBS mutant libraries (containing greater than 100,000,000 targeted mutations), targeting the genes identified to most affect growth. On laboratory timescales, we successfully identified a broad range of mutations (>25 growth-enhancing mutations confirmed), which improved growth rate 10-200% for several different conditions. Although successful, our efforts to identify superior combinations of growth-enhancing genes emphasized the importance of epistatic interactions among the targeted genes (synergistic, antagonistic) for taking full advantage of this approach to directed genome engineering.
Index compression method with compressed mode Boolean operators (2002)

Summary form only given. This paper describes an algorithm which provides a high degree of compression and at the same time allows logical Boolean operations to be performed directly on the compressed representation of the index. An inverted index of English text using this technique has only 20% to 25% of the size of the original text. Since logical Boolean queries can be performed on the compressed index itself, access speed is greatly enhanced.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Interference mitigation in MIMO interference channel via successive single-user soft decoding (2012)

This paper examines a practical way of mitigating interference in multi-input multi-output (MIMO) interference channel when each user is constrained to use a point-to-point code. It was recently shown that the capacity region of interference channel with point-to-point codes can be established by a combination of two schemes: treating interference as noise and joint decoding. In practice, a straightforward implementation of a joint decoding receiver could be significantly more complex than treating interference as noise. Thus, as a low-complexity approach to joint decoding, this paper proposes a successive single-user soft decoding receiver, which performs interference-aware detection with a priori log-likelihood ratio (LLR) and single-user soft decoding for every user successively. The proposed receiver is compared with a receiver treating interference as noise and a receiver performing interference-aware detection without a priori LLR and single-user decoding for the desired user only. Simulation results show that the proposed receiver significantly outperforms these existing receivers.
Biomechanical 3-D finite element modeling of the human breast using MRI data (2001)

Breast tissue deformation modeling has recently gained considerable interest in various medical applications. A biomechanical model of the breast is presented using a finite element (FE) formulation. Emphasis is given to the modeling of breast tissue deformation which takes place in breast imaging procedures. The first step in implementing the FE modeling (FEM) procedure is mesh generation. For objects with irregular and complex geometries such as the breast, this step is one of the most difficult and tedious tasks. For FE mesh generation, two automated methods are presented which process MRI breast images to create a patient-specific mesh. The main components of the breast are adipose, fibroglandular and skin tissues. For modeling the adipose and fibroglandular tissues, we used eight noded hexahedral elements with hyperelastic properties, while for the skin, we chose four noded hyperelastic membrane elements. For model validation, an MR image of an agarose phantom was acquired and corresponding FE meshes were created. Based on assigned elasticity parameters, a numerical experiment was performed using the FE meshes, and good results were obtained. The model was also applied to a breast image registration problem of a volunteer's breast. Although qualitatively reasonable, further work is required to validate the results quantitatively.