gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Single HERG delayed rectifier K+ channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes (1997)

HERG is a K+ channel with properties similar to the rapidly activating component (I(Kr)) of delayed rectifier K+ current, which is important for repolarization of human cardiac myocytes. In this study, we have characterized the single-channel properties of HERG expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Currents were measured in cell-attached patches with an extracellular K concentration of 120 mM. The single HERG channel conductance, determined at test potentials between -50 and -110 mV, was 12.1 +/- 0.6 pS. At positive test potentials (+40 to +80 mV), the probability of channel opening was low and slope conductance was 5.1 +/- 0.6 pS. The mean channel open times at -90 mV were 2.9 +/- 0.5 and 11.8 +/- 1.0 ms, and the mean channel closed times were 0.54 +/- 0.02 and 14.5 +/- 5.3 ms. Single HERG channels were blocked by MK-499, a class III antiarrhythmic agent that blocks I(Kr) in cardiac myocytes. The development of block was more rapid in inside-out patches than in cell-attached patches or in whole cell recordings, indicating that block occurs from the cytoplasmic side of the membrane. The single-channel properties of HERG are similar to I(Kr) channels of isolated cardiac myocytes, which provides further evidence that HERG proteins coassemble to form I(Kr) channels.
How fast is too fast? evaluating fast forward surrogates for digital video (2004)

To support effective browsing, interfaces to digital video libraries should include video surrogates (i.e., smaller objects that can stand in for the videos in the collection, analogous to abstracts standing in for documents). The current study investigated four variations (i.e., speeds) of one form of video surrogate: a fast forward created by selecting every Nth frame from the full video. In addition, it tested the validity of six measures of user performance when interacting with video surrogates. Forty-five study participants interacted with all four versions of the fast forward surrogate, and completed all six performance tasks with each. Surrogate speed affected performance on four of the measures: object recognition (graphical), action recognition, linguistic gist comprehension (full text), and visual gist comprehension. Based on these results, we recommend a fast forward default speed of 1:64 of the original video keyframes. In addition, users should control the choice of fast forward speed to adjust for content characteristics and personal preferences.
Pharmacogenetic Approach at the Serotonin Transporter Gene as a Method of Reducing the Severity of Alcohol Drinking (2011)

The authors propose a new pharmacogenetic approach using ondansetron to treat severe drinking and improve abstinence in alcoholics.
Structural, electrical, and optical properties of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">La</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mi>−</mml:mi><mml:mi>z</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Y</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>z</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">H</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>switchable mirrors (2001)

Thin ${\mathrm{La}}_{1\ensuremath{-}z}{\mathrm{Y}}_{z}{\mathrm{H}}_{x}$ films, in the composition range $0&lt;z&lt;1$ and $0&lt;x&lt;3,$ are studied using x-ray diffraction, dc resistivity measurements, reflectance-transmittance measurements, and ellipsometry in the visible and near-infrared spectral range. For $x=0$ the structural phase diagram is similar to that of the bulk system. Upon hydrogen absorption and desorption, the ${\mathrm{La}}_{1\ensuremath{-}z}{\mathrm{Y}}_{z}{\mathrm{H}}_{x}$ films do not disproportionate. All dihydrides have a fcc structure with a continuous shift of the lattice parameter, whereas the trihydrides undergo a transition from a fcc lattice structure for $0&lt;z&lt;0.67$ to a hexagonal lattice structure for $0.81&lt;z&lt;1.$ No significant thin-film effects occur in the structural, electrical, and optical properties, whereas disorder effects are observed in the x-ray coherence length, the electron relaxation time at both zero and optical frequencies, and in the optical properties of the trihydrides. In ${\mathrm{LaH}}_{2}$ a similar dihydride transmission window is observed as in ${\mathrm{YH}}_{2}.$ The suppression of this window upon alloying is a disorder effect. As in the case of their parent materials, all ${\mathrm{La}}_{1\ensuremath{-}z}{\mathrm{Y}}_{z}{\mathrm{H}}_{x}$ alloys (both cubic and hexagonal) exhibit a metal-insulator transition for $2&lt;x&lt;3,$ which is a clear demonstration of the robustness of the metal-insulator transition in switchable mirrors. The optical band-gap shifts from $1.87\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03$ eV for ${\mathrm{LaH}}_{3}$ to $2.63\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03$ eV for ${\mathrm{YH}}_{3}.$ The optical properties suggest that the fundamental band gap is $1--1.8$ eV lower.
Preparation and Biological Evaluation of 3-amino-4-aryl-4, 5- dihydro-1-N-tolyl pyrazolo [3, 4-d] pyrimidines Derivative (2012)

Oriental Journal of Chemistry is a peer reviewed quarterly research journal of pure and applied chemistry. It publishes standard research papers in almost all thrust areas of current chemistry of academic and commercial importance. It provides a platform for rapid publication of quality research papers, reviews and chemistry letters. Oriental Journal of Chemistry is abstracted and indexed in almost all reputed National and International agencies.
Digital Approaches to ISI-Mitigation in High-Resolution Oversampled Multi-Level D/A Converters (2011)

A new digital signal processing approach to shaping intersymbol interference (ISI) and static mismatch errors simultaneously in oversampled multi-level digital to analog converters (DAC) has recently been proposed. In this paper, a mathematical framework is established for analyzing ISI errors as well as comparing the ISI sensitivities of different mismatch shaping algorithms. The framework is used to analyze the fundamental problems of popularly used algorithms such as data-weighted-averaging (DWA) in the presence of nonlinear ISI: Large-signal even-order distortion and frequency modulated harmonics at low signal levels. The new ISI-shaping algorithm results in significant improvement over previous schemes including the modified Mismatch Shaper (MMS) which also addresses ISI error. The new ISI shaper, while increasing the digital complexity, practically eliminates the need for conventional ISI mitigation techniques such as time consuming, layout-critical, non-automated and process specific analog design methods. The advantages of ISI shaping is further verified on an experimental audio DAC with simple non-return-to-zero (NRZ) current steering segments implemented in a 45 nm CMOS process and running off a single-phase clock of only 3.072 MHz.
Transactivation properties of retinoic acid and retinoid X receptors in mammalian cells and yeast. Correlation with hormone binding and effects of metabolism. (1993)

The binding affinities of 9-cis-retinoic acid (9-cis-RA) and all-trans-retinoic acid (t-RA) for retinoic acid receptors (RAR) alpha, beta, and gamma and for retinoid X receptors (RXR) alpha, beta, and gamma were determined using the recombinant receptor proteins and were compared with each hormone's ability to activate transcription through the receptors in mammalian and yeast cell systems. 9-cis-RA bound to both the RXRs (Kd values = 1.4-2.4 nM) and the RARs (Kd values = 0.2-0.8 nM). The ability of 9-cis-RA to bind to the RARs and RXRs correlated with its ability to produce similar transactivation profiles with these receptors in mammalian and yeast cell assays. t-RA bound to the RARs (Kd values = 0.2-0.4 nM) and activated transcription through the RARs in mammalian and yeast cells. In contrast, while t-RA did not bind to the RXRs, it did activate the RXRs, albeit less potently than 9-cis-RA, in mammalian cells. In yeast, however, the RXRs activated transcription only in the presence of 9-cis-RA, not with t-RA. While RAR gamma is activated in yeast by either t-RA or 9-cis-RA, the overall level of transcription was increased upon the addition of hormone-occupied RXR. Metabolism studies suggest that while there was no cell-dependent interconversion between t-RA and 9-cis-RA in yeast, there was cell-dependent conversion of 9-cis-RA to t-RA in mammalian cells [corrected].
Growth process in atomic layer epitaxy of Zn chalcogenide single crystalline films on (100)GaAs (1986)

Atomic layer epitaxy of zinc chalcogenide single crystalline films on a (001) GaAs substrate is studied. It is observed that the average thickness per one cycle of opening and closing the shutters of the constituent elements corresponds to one monolayer thickness. The initial and successive stages of the epitaxy are investigated by reflection high-energy electron diffraction. Three-dimensional growth mechanism dominates at the initial stage of the heteroepitaxy, while pseudo-two-dimensional growth mechanism dominates after the deposition of more than 1000 monolayers. However, the growth of ZnSe on ZnTe and vice versa is dominated by the two-dimensional growth mechanism.
Metal Halide Solid-State Surface Treatment for High Efficiency PbS and PbSe QD Solar Cells (2015)

We developed a layer-by-layer method of preparing PbE (E = S or Se) quantum dot (QD) solar cells using metal halide (PbI2, PbCl2, CdI2, or CdCl2) salts dissolved in dimethylformamide to displace oleate surface ligands and form conductive QD solids. The resulting QD solids have a significant reduction in the carbon content compared to films treated with thiols and organic halides. We find that the PbI2 treatment is the most successful in removing alkyl surface ligands and also replaces most surface bound Cl(-) with I(-). The treatment protocol results in PbS QD films exhibiting a deeper work function and band positions than other ligand exchanges reported previously. The method developed here produces solar cells that perform well even at film thicknesses approaching a micron, indicating improved carrier transport in the QD films. We demonstrate QD solar cells based on PbI2 with power conversion efficiencies above 7%.
Nanoporous Membranes with Ultrahigh Selectivity and Flux for the Filtration of Viruses (2006)

A double-layered nanoporous membrane suitable for virus filtration has been fabricated. The top layer has cylindrical pores with diameters of 15 nm and a narrow pore size distribution (see figure). The bottom support layer is a conventional microfiltration membrane. This asymmetric membrane completely blocks human rhinovirus type 14 (colored green) from penetrating into pores, while proteins such as bovine serum albumin (colored yellow) freely pass through the pores.
Photonic crystal based all-optical pressure sensor (2011)

This paper presents the first-ever vertical silicon nanowire array based all-optical pressure sensor. Vertical silicon nanowire arrays with photonic crystal structure, can selectively trap or diffract light, depending on the optical wavelength, nanowire diameter, and nanowire pitch spacing. Here, we realize an all-optical pressure sensor by fabricating controllable vertical silicon nanowire arrays on a Si/SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> membrane. Applying hydrostatic pressure bends the membrane, leading to membrane color change due to the modulation of the nanowire pitch and deflection angle. By acquiring the membrane image with a camera, the color image can be cross-correlated with a calibration data set to calculate pressure.
Pulsed cooling of inhomogeneous thermoelectric materials (2007)

It has been proven that the maximum cooling temperature of a thermoelectric material can be increased by using either pulsed operation or graded Seebeck profiles. In this paper, we show that the maximum cooling temperature can be further increased by the pulsed operation of optimal inhomogeneous thermoelectric materials. A random sampling method is used to obtain the optimal electrical conductivity profile of inhomogeneous materials, which can achieve a much higher cooling temperature than the best uniform materials under the steady-state condition. Numerical simulations of pulsed operation are then carried out in the time domain. In the limit of low thermoelectric figure-of-merit ZT, the finite-difference time-domain simulations are verified by an analytical solution for homogeneous material. This numerical method is applied to high ZT BiTe materials and simulations show that the effective figure-of-merit can be improved by 153% when both optimal graded electrical conductivity profiles and pulsed operation are used.
The relation of lung volume initiation to selected acoustic properties of speech (2003)

This study examined the relationship of speech breathing to other elements of speech production. It was hypothesized that initiating speech from different lung volumes would have an effect on different elements of the acoustic output. It was postulated that effects may be brought about by mechanical interaction as well as a dispersion of effort to mechanically unlinked elements of speech production, such as articulatory behavior. To this end, selected acoustic variables were studied in eight young healthy women who initiated speech from low, typical, and high lung volume levels. The acoustic variables studied were selected because they have been shown to be sensitive indicators of speech production performance. It was found that with increasing lung volume initiation levels, average sound pressure level, average fundamental frequency, and declination rate of fundamental frequency increased. It was also observed that vowel space was significantly smaller during low lung volume initiation levels relative to typical lung volume initiation levels. Vowel space reduction is discussed relative to "gaining down."
Crystallographic Data for New Rare Earth Borate Compounds, RX<sub>3</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub> (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCrystallographic Data for New Rare Earth Borate Compounds, RX3(BO3)4A. D. MillsCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1962, 1, 4, 960–961Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50004a063https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50004a063research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views344Altmetric-Citations186LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Decreased Prevalence of Alzheimer Disease Associated With 3-Hydroxy-3-Methyglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase Inhibitors (2000)

There is a lower prevalence of diagnosed probable AD in patients taking 2 different 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors-lovastatin and pravastatin. While one cannot infer causative mechanisms based on these data, this study reveals an interesting association in the data, which warrants further study. Arch Neurol. 2000;57:1439-1443
Compensation of Raman scattering and EDFA's nonuniform gain in ultra-long-distance WDM links (1996)

Two physical mechanism effects which cause nonuniform spectral gain in a long-distance WDM system are Raman scattering and EDFA's, with the Raman gain increasing with wavelength and the EDFA gain profile in a cascaded-amplifier system having a peak at 1560 nm. Both effects limit system capacity by causing a wide variation in signal powers and SNR among several WDM channels. We analyze the scenario in which these two deleterious effects partially compensate each other so that a more uniform overall spectral gain can be achieved. By adjusting the link-loss between amplifiers and by strategically placing six WDM channels between 1560 and 1563 nm, the SNR differential among these channels is reduced from 10 dB to 0.5 dB for a 10 000 km link, thereby significantly enhancing the system performance.
Cloning and characterization of a mouse gene with homology to the human von Hippel-Lindau disease tumor suppressor gene: implications for the potential organization of the human von Hippel-Lindau disease gene. (1995)

The human von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL) gene has recently been identified and, based on the nucleotide sequence of a partial cDNA clone, has been predicted to encode a novel protein with as yet unknown functions [F. Latif et al., Science (Washington DC), 260: 1317-1320, 1993]. The length of the encoded protein and the characteristics of the cellular expressed protein are as yet unclear. Here we report the cloning and characterization of a mouse gene (mVHLh1) that is widely expressed in different mouse tissues and shares high homology with the human VHL gene. It predicts a protein 181 residues long (and/or 162 amino acids, considering a potential alternative start codon), which across a core region of approximately 140 residues displays a high degree of sequence identity (98%) to the predicted human VHL protein. High stringency DNA and RNA hybridization experiments and protein expression analyses indicate that this gene is the most highly VHL-related mouse gene, suggesting that it represents the mouse VHL gene homologue rather than a related gene sharing a conserved functional domain. These findings provide new insights into the potential organization of the VHL gene and nature of its encoded protein.
Experimental analysis of the whispering-gallery modes in a cylindrical optical microcavity (2001)

A real-space study of a cylindrical integrated optical microcavity by means of a photon scanning-tunneling microscope with a resolution of 50 nm reveals optical intensity distributions in great detail. Moreover, novel phenomena such as polarization conversion and conversion from copropagation to counterpropagation are observed. We present detailed maps of the optical field distribution of the whispering-gallery modes inside the microcavity as a function of both wavelength and position. We have made a quantitative comparison between measured and calculated field distributions. As a result, the buildup of the various whispering-gallery modes is better understood.
Improving order‐picking performance through the implementation of class‐based storage (2004)

Class‐based storage (CBS) partitions stock‐keeping units (SKUs) into storage classes by demand and randomly assigns storage locations within each storage class area. This study compares the performance implications of CBS to both random and volume‐based storage (VBS) for a manual order picking warehouse. In addition, this study considers the effect of the number of storage classes, the partition of storage classes, and the storage implementation strategy applied in the warehouse. The simulation results show that CBS provides savings in picker travel over random storage and offers performance that approaches VBS. Other operational issues having an impact on warehouse performance are examined. The results offer managers insight for improving distribution center operations.
Improving user privacy with firewall techniques on the wireless LAN access point (2003)

Wireless local area networks (WLANs) for public access need to provide privacy between users and also ensure correct charging where access is based on payment. However, by design, conventional LANs and WLANs provide directs unmediated communications between networked devices at the link layer. The paper presents a method to allow networked client devices to communicate with a network comprising routers and other servers while preventing unmediated communication between the clients on the wireless network. An advantage of the method is that it can be implemented entirely within the WLAN access point as a configurable forwarding policy database. No changes are needed to the WLAN client software or the routers and servers and the communication remains completely within the scope of existing industry standards.
Optimal Puncturing of Block-Type LDPC Codes and Their Fast Convergence Decoding (2006)

In this paper, we study and propose a puncturing algorithm of block-type low-density parity-check (B-LDPC) codes. This optimal puncturing algorithm is derived from the fact that puncturing of parity bits is equivalent to merging the check nodes. Furthermore, we propose a new decoding algorithm suitable for the punctured B-LDPC codes. This decoding algorithm needs not only smaller number of operations at each iteration, but also shows faster decoding convergence speed than the conventional erasure decoding algorithm. If the optimally punctured B-LDPC code is decoded by the new decoding algorithm, it results in the same performance as the unpunctured B-LDPC code of the same code rate.
NF-kappa B regulation by I kappa B kinase in primary fibroblast-like synoviocytes. (1999)

NF-kappa B is a key regulator of inflammatory gene transcription and is activated in the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovium. In resting cells, NF-kappa B is retained as an inactive cytoplasmic complex by its inhibitor, I kappa B. Phosphorylation of I kappa B targets it for proteolytic degradation, thereby releasing NF-kappa B for nuclear translocation. Recently, two related I kappa B kinases (IKK-1 and IKK-2) were identified in immortalized cell lines that regulate NF-kappa B activation by initiating I kappa B degradation. To determine whether IKK regulates NF-kappa B in primary cells isolated from a site of human disease, we characterized IKK in cultured fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) isolated from synovium of patients with RA or osteoarthritis. Immunoreactive IKK protein was found to be abundant in both RA and osteoarthritis FLS by Western blot analysis. Northern blot analysis showed that IKK-1 and IKK-2 genes were constitutively expressed in all FLS lines. IKK function in FLS extracts was determined by measuring phosphorylation of recombinant I kappa B in vitro. IKK activity in both RA and osteoarthritis FLS was strongly induced by TNF-alpha and IL-1 in a concentration-dependent manner. Activity was significantly increased within 10 min of stimulation and declined to near basal levels within 80 min. Activation of IKK in FLS was accompanied by phosphorylation and degradation of endogenous I kappa B alpha as determined by Western blot analysis. Concomitant activation and nuclear translocation of NF-kappa B was documented by EMSA and immunohistochemistry. Transfection with a dominant negative IKK-2 mutant prevented TNF-alpha-mediated NF-kappa B nuclear translocation, whereas a dominant negative IKK-1 mutant had no effect. This is the first demonstration that IKK-2 is a pivotal regulator of NF-kappa B in primary human cells.