gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genetic Inactivation of the Sry Gene in Argali Wild and Romney Domestic Sheep with CRISPR/Cas Systems for Producing Sex-Reversed Female Animals (2014)

The Tibetan Argali (Ovis ammon hodgsoni), a wild sheep of the subfamily Caprinae (Bovidae), primarily found in the Tibetan Plateau, is categorized as near threatened on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List. For the conservation of this species, we have achieved the cloning of a full-term live Argali lamb (died shortly after birth) from a male Argali cell line that has been cryopreserved for more than 20 years. While working towards the goal of cloning a live Argali, we also recognised the need to establish a reproductive herd of animals by producing both fertile males and females. However, as in the case of Argali, it is difficult, and in some cases impossible, to obtain male and female cell lines from an endangered mammalian species. Therefore, for demonstrating a proof of concept of using an assisted reproduction technology (ART) for the conservation of endangered species or reviving extinct species, we used the Argali as an experimental model to produce both fertile males and females through ART. The Sry gene plays a central role in mammalian sex determination: mutations in the Sry gene result in the development of XY females; in mice, Sry knockout (KO) results in fertile XY females. Therefore, we created sex-reversed Argali cell lines through the KO of the Sry gene. In parallel, for potentially comparing the fertility of sex-reversed XY females between the Argali and domestic sheep [Romney (Ovis aries)], we also knocked out the Sry gene in the domestic sheep. Specifically, we used the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas system to introduce mutations to the high-mobility group (HMG) box of the Sry gene. Skin fibroblasts from either adult Argali or Romney sheep were cultured in DMEM (HyClone) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). Cells were harvested at 100% confluence with 0.25% trypsin-EDTA and transfected with the CRISPR/Cas DNA constructs by using the Amaxa Nucleofector system. For each experiment, 106 cells were transfected with 5 μg of CRISPR/Cas DNA constructs. After 72 hours post-transfection, cells were harvested, with half being used for genomic DNA isolation (for examining KO efficiency) and the other half for limited dilution for obtaining single-cell-derived colonies. With the Surveyor assay and a restriction enzyme digestion assay (successfully knocked-out cells lose the Dde I site in the HMG box of the Sry gene, rendering resistance to Dde I digestion), we demonstrated that the Sry KO efficiency was about 10% both in Argali and Romney sheep. By screening single-cell-derived colonies from the transfected Romney sheep cells, an Sry-KO cell line harboring a 2-nucleotide deletion in the HMG box was successfully established. Multiple vials of cells from this Sry-KO cell line have been cryopreserved and will be used for animal cloning via somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) in the sheep-breeding season this fall.
Long-term human serum antibody responses after immunization with whole-cell pertussis vaccine in France (1996)

Three hundred sixty children were tested for pertussis serology 0.5 to 1.58 months after complete whole-cell pertussis vaccination. An immunoblot assay was used to detect serum antibodies to pertussis toxin, filamentous hemagglutinin, adenylate cyclase-hemolysin, and pertactin, and agglutination was used for detection of anti-agglutinogen antibodies. Antibodies against pertussis toxin, pertactin, and agglutinogens decreased rapidly after vaccination but increased secondarily, suggesting exposure to infected persons. In contrast, anti-filamentous hemagglutinin antibodies persisted and anti-adenylate cyclase-hemolysin antibodies increased continuously, suggesting either cross-reaction with non-Bordetella antigens or exposure to Bordetella isolates expressing these two antigens, including Bordetella pertussis. These data suggest that unrecognized pertussis is common in France despite massive and sustained immunization in infants and that vaccinated children become susceptible to infection more than 6 years after their last vaccination.
Effects of Direct-to-Consumer Advertising on Medication Choice: The Case of Antidepressants (2004)

Although direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) has generated substantial controversy, little is known about its effects on consumer and physician behavior. In this article, the authors examine the impact of DTCA and physician detailing on the choice of antidepressant medication. The authors find that detailing has a much greater effect on medication choice in the antidepressant market than does DTCA.
Abrogation of tumor necrosis alpha (TNF-alpha) pathway by anti-TNF therapy in hematological malignancies (2009)

7093 Background: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) enhances tumor growth and mediates cancer-related inflammatory symptoms by inducing secretion of cytokines. Anti-TNF approaches have been evaluated in pilot studies for cancer treatment and for alleviation of cancer related cachexia, fatigue, and other constitutional symptoms with conflicting results. While the incidence of malignancies with TNF alpha inhibitors (infliximab, adalimumab, etanercept) are not significantly higher than the untreated control population, their role in cancer treatment itself is unclear. We explored the activity and tolerance of TNF-alpha inhibitors in various hematological malignancies. Methods: We reviewed the English literature by conducting systematic MEDLINE using the terms TNF-, infliximab, adalimumab, etanercept, cancer therapy, hematologic malignancies, myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), multiple myeloma (MM), myeloproliferative disease (MPD), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and lymphoma from January 2001 to August 2008. We also performed a complete literature search of American Society of Hematology (ASH) and American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) published abstracts. Studies were analyzed for observed activity of TNF alpha inhibitors and also for reported safety. Results: Overall 11 phase I and II studies (n = 237; CLL n = 44, MM n = 10, MDS n = 109, MPD n = 51, HCL n = 3, TCL 13, FL 7) that involved anti-TNF- therapy in hematological malignancies were identified. As a single agent, etanercept did not yield significant responses. In conjunction with ATG or azacitidine in low-/intermediate-risk MDS, TNF inhibitors resulted in improvement in cytopenia. Improvement in constitutional symptoms were noted in at least 50% of patients with myelofibrosis(MF)/Ph- MPD. No significant clinical benefit was seen among lymphoproliferative disorders, but treatment was well tolerated. Conclusions: Existing data suggests that anti-TNF therapy by itself does not induce a therapeutic response in hematologic malignancies. Combination strategy with TNF inhibitors has to be evaluated further to determine any anti-tumor activity and their role to alleviate constitutional symptoms particularly in MF/MPD. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Rhesus Monkey Embryos Produced by Nuclear Transfer from Embryonic Blastomeres or Somatic Cells1 (2002)

Production of genetically identical nonhuman primates would reduce the number of animals required for biomedical research and dramatically impact studies pertaining to immune system function, such as development of the human-immunodeficiency-virus vaccine. Our long-term goal is to develop robust somatic cell cloning and/or twinning protocols in the rhesus macaque. The objective of this study was to determine the developmental competence of nuclear transfer (NT) embryos derived from embryonic blastomeres (embryonic cell NT) or fetal fibroblasts (somatic cell NT) as a first step in the production of rhesus monkeys by somatic cell cloning. Development of cleaved embryos up to the 8-cell stage was similar among embryonic and somatic cell NT embryos and comparable to controls created by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI; mean +/- SEM, 81 +/- 5%, 88 +/- 7%, and 87 +/- 4%, respectively). However, significantly lower rates of development to the blastocyst stage were observed with somatic cell NT embryos (1%) in contrast to embryonic cell NT (34 +/- 15%) or ICSI control embryos (46 +/- 6%). Development of somatic cell NT embryos was not markedly affected by donor cell treatment, timing of activation, or chemical activation protocol. Transfer of embryonic, but not of somatic cell NT embryos, into recipients resulted in term pregnancy. Future efforts will focus on optimizing the production of somatic cell NT embryos that develop in high efficiency to the blastocyst stage in vitro.
Host-Parasite Relationships of Fasciola hepatica in the White Mouse. VII. Effects of Anti-Worm Incubate Sera on Transferred Worms and Successful Vaccination with a Crude Incubate Antigen (1976)

Mouse antisera against the 16-day-old worm incubate and sera from 25-day infections in mice debilitated migrating flukes in recipient animals as measured by worm recovery and host mortality. Mouse antisomatic and 100-day infection sera produced no such effects. Host mortality was significantly lower after challenge in mice given one ip immunizing injection of the worm incubate; however, worm recovery was not significantly reduced. Injections at 2, 7, 12, and 24 hr with the worm incubate elaborated over a 24-hr period protected 75% of the mice from infection after challenge, and reduced the worm burden by 83.3%.
Encyclopedia of analytical chemistry: applications, theory, and instrumentation (2001)

APPLICATIONS OF INSTRUMENTAL METHODS. Biomedical Spectroscopy. Biomolecules Analysis. Carbohydrate Analysis. Chemical Weapons Chemicals Analysis. Clinical Chemistry. Coatings. Environment: Trace Gas Monitoring. Environment: Water and Waste. Field Portable and Transportable Air and Vapor Measurement. Food. Forensic Science. Industrial Hygiene. Nucleic Acids Structure and Mapping. Particle Size Analysis. Peptides and Proteins. Pesticides. Petroleum and Liquid Fossil Fuels Analysis. Pharmaceuticals and Drugs. Polymers and Rubbers. Process Instrumental Methods. Pulp and Paper. Remote Sensing. Steel and Related Materials. Surfaces. THEORY AND INSTRUMENTATION. Atomic Spectroscopy. Chemometrics. Electroanalytical Methods. Electronic Absorption and Luminescence Spectroscopy. Gas Chromatography. Infrared Spectroscopy. Kinetic Determinations. Liquid Chromatography. Mass Spectrometry. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy. Nuclear Methods. Radiochemical Methods. Raman Spectroscopy. Thermal Analysis. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Auger Electron Spectroscopy. X-ray Spectrometry. GENERAL ARTICLES.
KRAS G12C NSCLC Models Are Sensitive to Direct Targeting of KRAS in Combination with PI3K Inhibition (2018)

Our findings suggest that signaling adaptation can in some instances limit the efficacy of ARS1620 but combination with PI3K inhibitors can overcome this resistance.
Preservation of Enteroviruses by Freeze-Drying (1971)

A method was developed for freeze-dry stabilization of poliovirus type 3. An ultrafiltration procedure was used to remove salts from infected tissue culture fluid, and the virus was freeze-dried after suspension in an alkaline organic buffer. This method was further tested with other picornaviruses including poliovirus types 1 and 2, coxsackieviruses A9, A20, B2, and B5, echovirus 11, and the encephalomyocarditis virus. Freeze-dried preparations of the poliovirus could be shipped to distant laboratories at ambient temperature with excellent retention of infectivity. Data are presented showing effects of freeze-drying as well as results of exposure to temperatures to 37 C.
Detection of mutated BRAFV600E variant in circulating DNA of stage III–IV melanoma patients (2007)

BRAFV600E is the most represented somatic point mutation in cutaneous melanoma, thus providing a unique molecular marker for this disease. The development of efficient methods for its detection in free circulating DNA of patients may lead to the improvement of diagnostic and prognostic tools. With this aim, we evaluated whether BRAFV600E represents a detectable marker in the plasma/serum from melanoma patients in a pilot study. Circulating cell-free DNA was extracted from the serum or plasma of 15 healthy donors and 41 melanoma patients at different clinical stages and obtained either presurgery or after surgery during follow-up. Quantitative analysis showed higher levels of circulating free DNA in patients compared to controls, with the highest levels detected in samples obtained presurgery and at stage IV. Four different PCR methods were compared for their capacity to amplify a few copies of BRAFV600E in wild-type DNA. BRAFV600E was detectable in circulating DNA of 12 patients and in none of the controls; only 1 PCR method reproducibly amplified BRAFV600E. Positive samples were obtained from 8/13 patients at stage IV and from 4/24 patients at stage III, but not in 4 patients at stage I-II; half of the positives were obtained presurgery and half at follow-up. Correspondence between circulating DNA and related tumors were examined for 20 patients, and a correlation was found for stage IV patients. In conclusion, this method can be utilized for monitoring the disease in stage IV melanoma patients but it appears unsatisfactory for the early detection of melanoma.
Enterprise workflow architecture (2002)

Workflow builders are designed to facilitate development of automated processes and support flexible applications that can be updated, enhanced or completely revamped. The Hewlett-Packard WorkManager is an open product data management solution with workflow management capabilities. WorkManager supports the entire product lifecycle by providing a single, logical repository for all data, and it manages and tracks enterprise-wide processes. With a strong information management platform at its core, WorkManager provides central administration capabilities, including supervision and intervention, where necessary. Because enterprise data is usually fragmented and stored in a variety of legacy systems, and different organizations have different amount of control over their data, an enterprise workflow system needs to support processes accessing data from different sites and applications. This paper describes the architecture of distributed workflow, Hewlett-Packard's solution to the enterprise workflow problem. The architecture is an extension of the existing WorkManager architecture. Its development is based on user requirements and four high-level user models. The user models and the architecture are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Gravity inversion of basement relief using approximate equality constraints on depths (1997)

Abstract We present a gravity interpretation method for estimating the relief of an arbitrary interface separating two homogeneous media. The upper medium is discretized into rectangular, juxtaposed prisms whose thicknesses represent the depths to the interface and are the parameters to be estimated from the gravity anomaly. The density contrast of each prism is assumed to be constant and known. To stabilize the inversion, we introduce two kinds of constraints on the depths. The first one requires proximity between the observed and computed depths at isolated points such as those obtained from boreholes (absolute equality constraint). The second one requires that groups of depths approximately follow an established linear relationship among the depths (relative equality constraint). Both kinds of constraints are imposed in the least-squares sense. We illustrate the method performance by applying it to a synthetic anomaly produced by a simulated basement relief consisting of four narrow and adjacent structural lows. Only two structural lows produced isolated gravity lows. Nonetheless, the whole basement topography was successfully reconstructed with an average error of 4% of the maximum relief amplitude. In this example, the relative constraints established that the thicknesses of adjacent prisms should be as close as possible to each other (overall relief smoothness). As absolute constraints we used point information about the basement depth at five points. In addition to the overall relief smoothness, other relevant geologic information, such as localized relief smoothness, occurring at structural terraces, for example, can be incorporated by assigning different weights to the relative equality constraints. The method was applied to the gravity anomaly of Recôncavo Basin, Brazil, leading to a sharper definition of the basement features relative to previous gravity interpretations of this area.
Permanent polarization gratings in photosensitive Langmuir–Blodgett films (2000)

An investigation was carried out on thin permanent phase polarization gratings recorded in Langmuir–Blodgett films using two orthogonal circularly polarized Ar-ion laser beams. The films are composed of amphiphilic azo-dye molecules and manifest an extremely large value of photoinduced optical anisotropy, Δn≈0.36. The experimental results are in excellent accord with the theoretical model based on the Jones matrix representation of the polarization pattern. The gratings are stable at least, for half a year.
Somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin and non–immunoglobulin genes (2001)

Somatic hypermutation (SHM) of immunoglobulin (Ig) genes is a highly specific mechanism restricted to B lymphocytes during only a few cell generations. Data presented here suggest that transcription of the target genes is required, but not sufficient for SHM. Presumably, cis-acting elements, such as those present in the Ig enhancers, are required to target a mutator factor (MuF) to Ig and human BCL-6 genes. It is postulated that the MuF travels with the transcribing RNA polymerase and is deposited on the target gene when the polymerase pauses. Point mutations, and rare deletions and insertions, are created by the combined actions of MuF and certain DNA polymerases. A subset of the mutations is corrected during SHM by DNA mismatch repair.
Development of B-1 cells: segregation of phosphatidyl choline-specific B cells to the B-1 population occurs after immunoglobulin gene expression. (1994)

Adult mice have two easily recognizable subsets of B cells: the predominant resting population of the spleen, called B-2, and those called B-1, which predominate in coelomic cavities and can express CD5. Some antibody specificities appear to be unique to the B-1 population. Cells expressing antibody specific for phosphatidyl choline (PtC) are the most frequent, comprising 2-10% of peritoneal B cells in normal mice. To understand the basis for the segregation of the anti-PtC specificity to this population, we have produced transgenic (Tg) mice expressing the rearranged VH12 and V kappa 4 genes of a PtC-specific B-1 cell lymphoma. We find that VH12-Tg and VH12/V kappa 4 double-Tg mice develop very high numbers of PtC-specific peritoneal and splenic B cells. These cells have the characteristics of B-1 cells; most are CD5+, and are all IgMhi, B220lo, and CD23-. In the peritoneum these cells are also CD11b+. In addition, adult mice have many splenic B cells (up to one third of Tg+ cells) that express the VH12 Tg but do not bind PtC, presumably because they express a V kappa gene other than V kappa 4. These cells appear to be B-2 cells; they are CD23+, CD11b-, IgMlo, B220hi, and CD5-. Thus, mice given either the VH12 Tg alone or together with the V kappa 4 Tg develop a large population of PtC-specific B cells which belong exclusively to the B-1 population. Since B-2 cells can express the VH12 and V kappa 4 gene separately, we interpret these data to indicate that the events leading to the segregation of PtC-specific B cells to the B-1 population in normal mice are initiated after Ig gene rearrangement and expression. These data are discussed with regard to hypotheses of the origin of B-1 cells. We also find that VH12-Tg mice have a marked decrease in the generation of Tg-expressing B cells in adult bone marrow, but not newborn liver. We speculate that this may be related to positive selection of VH12-expressing B cells during differentiation.
N-Bromosuccinimide oxidation of silyl ethers (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTN-Bromosuccinimide oxidation of silyl ethersHarold W. Pinnick and Nordin H. LajisCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 2, 371–372Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00396a054https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00396a054research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views496Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Novel wide-range frequency offset compensator demonstrated with real-time digital coherent receiver (2008)

A novel frequency offset estimator is proposed and implemented in a 1 Gbit/s real-time coherent receiver to demonstrate all-digital frequency offset compensation up to plusmn0.4 symbol rate.
Molecular Epidemiology of “Norwalk‐like Viruses” in Outbreaks of Gastroenteritis in the United States (1998)

Fecal specimens from 90 outbreaks of nonbacterial gastroenteritis reported to 33 state health departments from January 1996 to June 1997 were examined to determine the importance of and to characterize "Norwalk-like viruses" (NLVs) in these outbreaks. NLVs were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in specimens from 86 (96%) of 90 outbreaks. Outbreaks were most frequent in nursing homes and hospitals (43%), followed by restaurants or events with catered meals (26%); consumption of contaminated food was the most commonly identified mode of transmission (37%). Nucleotide sequence analysis showed great diversity between strains but also provided evidence indicating the emergence of a common, predominant strain. The application of improved molecular techniques to detect NLVs demonstrates that most outbreaks of nonbacterial gastroenteritis in the United States appear to be associated with these viruses and that sequence analysis is a robust tool to help link or differentiate these outbreaks.