gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of a fluorescent-PCR reaction to detect genomic sequence copy number and transcriptional abundance. (1996)

We present a fluorescent-PCR-based technique to assay genomic sequence copy number and transcriptional abundance. This technique relies on the ability to follow fluorescent PCR progressively in real time during the exponential phase of the reaction so that quantitative PCR is accomplished. We demonstrated the ability of this technique to quantitate both known deletions and amplifications of loci that have been measured previously by other methods, and to measure transcriptional abundance. Using an efficient variant of the fluorescent-PCR technology, we can monitor transcription semiquantitatively. The ability to detect all amplifications and deletions at any single copy locus by PCR makes this the technique of choice to assay genomic sequence copy number anomalies in birth defects and cancers. The ability to detect variations in transcript abundance enables this technique to fashion a time and tissue analysis of transcription.
Changes in Renal Haemodynamics and Electrolyte Excretion after Intraventricular Infusion of Carbachol in Conscious Sheep (1980)

Infusion of carbachol at 10 nmol x min-1 for 30 min into one lateral cerebral ventricle of conscious sheep caused long-lasting increases in arterial blood pressure, heart rate and haematocrit. The increase in haematocrit resulted from release of red blood cells from the spleen. The systemic cardiovascular changes were accompanied by increased glomerular filtration rate (G.F.R.), renal plasma flow (R.P.F) and renal blood flow (R.B.F) which did not return to pre-carbachol levels within 180 min post-carbachol. Intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion of carbachol increased the rates of sodium excretion and clearance, potassium excretion and clearance, osmolal clearance and solute-free water reabsorption and increased the concentration of vasopressin in arterial plasma. The increase in sodium excretion rate was caused by increased sodium filtration associated with a fall in the proportion of filtered sodium being reabsorbed. The increase in potassium excretion rate resulted mainly from increased potassium secretion possibly stimulated by increased distal sodium delivery and by increased vasopressin levels. The observed effects of ICV carbachol infusion resembled those previously reported for ICV infision of hyperosmotic sodium solutions.
Transcription factors in Candida albicans – environmental control of morphogenesis (2000)

Microbiology Society journals contain high-quality research papers and topical review articles. We are a not-for-profit publisher and we support and invest in the microbiology community, to the benefit of everyone. This supports our principal goal to develop, expand and strengthen the networks available to our members so that they can generate new knowledge about microbes and ensure that it is shared with other communities.
Mechanism of galactosylation in the Golgi apparatus. A Chinese hamster ovary cell mutant deficient in translocation of UDP-galactose across Golgi vesicle membranes. (1986)

The biochemical defect in the mutant Chinese hamster ovary cell lines Clone 13 (Briles, E. B., Li, E., and Kornfeld, S. (1977). J. Biol. Chem. 252, 1107-1116) and Lec8 (Stanley, P. (1980) ACS Symp. Ser. 128, 214-221) was examined. These two mutants, which belong to the same genetic complementation group, were shown in previous studies to exhibit an 80-90% reduction in galactosylation and sialylation of proteins and lipids when compared to wild-type cells. The same studies, however, demonstrated that the mutants were not deficient in the corresponding sugar nucleotides, glycosyltransferases, and endogenous acceptors for these transferases. We now provide evidence strongly suggesting that the primary defect in Lec8 and Clone 13 cells is their inability to translocate UDP-galactose into the lumen of the Golgi apparatus. Golgi vesicles from Lec8 and Clone 13 CHO glycosylation mutants translocate in vitro UDP-galactose at only 3-5% the rate of vesicles from wild-type CHO cells. The deficiency is specific because vesicles from the mutant cells can translocate adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-phosphosulfate, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, and UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine at rates comparable to those of vesicles from wild-type cells. These studies also suggest that sugar nucleotides sharing a common uridine nucleotide utilize different translocators present in the Golgi membrane in vivo. The consequence of the above-described mutations and the resulting block in galactosylation of macromolecules in vivo on the translocation of CMP-sialic acid into the Golgi lumen was also examined. As expected, Golgi apparatus vesicles from Lec8 cells were unable to incorporate sialic acid into (endogenous) macromolecules. However, the vesicles were able to transport CMP-sialic acid into their lumen, although the rate of translocation was only 17% of that of wild-type-derived Golgi vesicles.
Experiments With Three-Dimensional Integral Imaging Under Low Light Levels (2012)

We experimentally demonstrate the possibility of reconstructing 3-D scenes using integral imaging from very photon-starved scenes. It is shown that by using an iterative reconstruction algorithm, it is possible to reconstruct 3-D objects captured with an optical signal just above the CCD image sensors' noise level. Three-dimensional scene reconstruction with integral images with only a few photons per pixel of the image sensor is demonstrated. Optical experimental results are presented.
Continuous-wave and pulsed EPR study of the negatively charged silicon vacancy with<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>S</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mfrac><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:mfrac></mml:math>and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>C</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn><mml:mi>v</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>symmetry in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi></mml:math>-type<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mn>4</mml:mn><mml:mi>H</mml:mi><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">SiC</mml:mi></mml:math> (2002)

The ${T}_{V2a}$ center, which was suggested to be the excited triplet state $(S=1)$ of the neutral silicon vacancy related defect [S\"orman et al., Phys. Rev. B $61,$ 2613 (2000)] in the electron-irradiated n-type $4H\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{SiC}$ has been studied by continuous wave and pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). The spin multiplicity of ${T}_{V2a}$ has been determined to be quartet $(S=3/2)$ by the nutation method of pulsed EPR technique. From the temperature dependence of the signal intensity, it has been revealed that the ${T}_{V2a}$ spectrum is arising from an electronic ground state. From the measurement of the ${}^{13}\mathrm{C}$ hyperfine interactions of the nearest neighbors which has been enabled by the selective enhancement of the ${T}_{V2a}$ signals through the spin polarization by a laser light (808 nm) illumination, the center is unambiguously identified to be a single silicon vacancy. It is proposed that the center is a negatively charged silicon vacancy of ${C}_{3v}$ symmetry with the crystal field distorted slightly from regular tetrahedron. The triply degenerate ${t}_{2}$ state of an electronic configuration ${a}_{1}^{2}{t}_{2}^{3}$ under ${T}_{d}$ symmetry splits into ${a}_{1}$ and e by the distortion to ${C}_{3v}.$ The high spin configuration $[{a}_{1}{e}^{2}$ or ${e}^{2}{a}_{1}]$ which reduces the electron repulsion energy is preferred rather than the low spin configuration expected from the symmetry-lowering crystal field alone. The important role of the many-electron effect in determining the ground-state configuration is demonstrated clearly by ${T}_{V2a}$ in which the electron-electron interactions (the electronic repulsion and the electron exchange) compete against the crystal-field splitting.
Tensile Strength of Cell Walls of Living Cells (1985)

A gas decompression technique was used to determine the breaking strength of cell walls of single cells. Breaking strengths of the bacterium Salmonella typhimurium and the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas eugametos were 100 and 95 atmospheres, respectively, while those of sporophytes of the water mold Blastocladiella emersonii were 65 atmospheres, and those of suspension cultured cells of carrot were only 30 atmospheres. Estimation of wall tensile stress based on breaking pressures, cell radii, and estimation of wall thickness, indicates that microfibrillar walls are not necessarily stronger than walls of primitive organisms. Hence, alternative hypotheses for their evolution must be considered.
A Traveling-Wave Directional Filter (1956)

A new type of microwave filter is presented in which resonance occurs in the form of a traveling wave rather than in the conventional form of a standing wave. This device is a constant-resistance circuit, and therefore presents a very low input vswr. Formulas for loaded Q and insertion loss are given. Experimental results verify the theoretical approach. This filter, which is constructed of a transmission-line loop and two directional couplers, finds application in multiplexing filters as well as in matched band-pass and band-rejection filters.
Quantum algorithms: an overview (2016)

Abstract Quantum computers are designed to outperform standard computers by running quantum algorithms. Areas in which quantum algorithms can be applied include cryptography, search and optimisation, simulation of quantum systems and solving large systems of linear equations. Here we briefly survey some known quantum algorithms, with an emphasis on a broad overview of their applications rather than their technical details. We include a discussion of recent developments and near-term applications of quantum algorithms.
ChemInform Abstract: MANNICH REACTIONS. SYNTHESIS OF 4,5‐DIHYDROPYRROLO(1,2‐A)QUINOXALINES, 2,3,4,5‐TETRAHYDRO‐1H‐PYRROLO(1,2‐A)(1,4)DIAZEPINES AND 5,6‐DIHYDRO‐4H‐PYRROLO(1,2‐A)(1,4)BENZODIAZEPINES (1976)

Abstract N‐2‐Aminophenyl‐pyrrole (I) reagieren mit den Oxo‐ Verbindungen (II) zu den Cyclisierungsprodukten (III), in der homologen Reihe werden aus (IV) die kondensierten Diazepin‐Derivate (V) erhalten.
Injury Report 2008: Australian Football League (2009)

The methods of the survey that has been commissioned by the Australian Football League (AFL) to continuously survey annual injuries are discussed. The AFL injury profile indicates more non-contact that contact mechanism injuries and there has not really been a reduction in such injuries over the years.
Carbon Monoxide Adsorption on Copper and Silver Electrodes during Carbon Dioxide Electroreduction Studied by Infrared Reflection Absorption Spectroscopy and Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTCarbon Monoxide Adsorption on Copper and Silver Electrodes during Carbon Dioxide Electroreduction Studied by Infrared Reflection Absorption Spectroscopy and Surface-Enhanced Raman SpectroscopyIchiro Oda, Hirohito Ogasawara, and Masatoki ItoView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223, JapanCite this: Langmuir 1996, 12, 4, 1094–1097Publication Date (Web):February 21, 1996Publication History Received3 March 1995Revised27 October 1995Published online21 February 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la950167jhttps://doi.org/10.1021/la950167jbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3812Altmetric-Citations88LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Electrochemical reduction,Electrodes,Inorganic carbon compounds,Oxides,Redox reactions Get e-Alerts
A Traffic Accident Detection Model using Metadata Registry (2006)

In this research, we suggested a traffic accident detection model and installed a system for automatically detecting, recording, and reporting traffic accidents at intersections. A system with these properties would be beneficial in determining the cause of accidents and the features of the intersection that impact safety. Additionally, we suggested and designed the metadata registry for the system to improve the interoperability. In a field test, the suggested model achieved a false alarm rate (FAR) of 0.34 times 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-6</sup> percent. Considering that a California #7a algorithm (expressway incident detection algorithm) showed a FAR of 0.08 ~ 0.34 percent, our result is a remarkable achievement
mRNA expression of novel CGRP1 receptors and their activity-modifying proteins in hypoxic rat lung (2001)

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a potent vasodilator. Our group has reported that exogenous CGRP may prevent or reverse hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in rats. The vasodilatory action of CGRP is mediated primarily by CGRP1 receptors. The calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CRLR) and the orphan receptor RDC-1 have been proposed as CGRP1 receptors, and recent evidence suggests that CRLR can function as either a CGRP1 receptor or an adrenomedullin (ADM) receptor. Receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs) determine the ligand specificity of CRLR: coexpression of CRLR and RAMP1 results in a CGRP1 receptor, whereas coexpression of CRLR and RAMP2 or -3 results in an ADM receptor. We used qualitative, semiquantitative, and real-time quantitative RT-PCR to detect and quantitate the relative expression of these agents in the lungs of rats exposed to normoxia (n = 3) and 1 and 2 wk of chronic hypobaric hypoxia (barometric pressure 380 mmHg, equivalent to an inspired O(2) level of 10%; n = 3/time period). Our results show upregulation of RDC-1, RAMP1, and RAMP3 mRNAs in hypoxic rat lung and no change in CRLR and RAMP2 mRNAs. These findings support a functional role for CGRP and ADM receptors in regulating the adult pulmonary circulation.
Absence of bacterially induced RELMβ reduces injury in the dextran sodium sulfate model of colitis (2006)

Although inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is the result of a dysregulated immune response to commensal gut bacteria in genetically predisposed individuals, the mechanism(s) by which bacteria lead to the development of IBD are unknown. Interestingly, deletion of intestinal goblet cells protects against intestinal injury, suggesting that this epithelial cell lineage may produce molecules that exacerbate IBD. We previously reported that resistin-like molecule beta (RELMbeta; also known as FIZZ2) is an intestinal goblet cell-specific protein that is induced upon bacterial colonization whereupon it is expressed in the ileum and colon, regions of the gut most often involved in IBD. Herein, we show that disruption of this gene reduces the severity of colitis in the dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) model of murine colonic injury. Although RELMbeta does not alter colonic epithelial proliferation or barrier function, we show that recombinant protein activates macrophages to produce TNF-alpha both in vitro and in vivo. RELMbeta expression is also strongly induced in the terminal ileum of the SAMP1/Fc model of IBD. These results suggest a model whereby the loss of epithelial barrier function by DSS results in the activation of the innate mucosal response by RELMbeta located in the lumen, supporting the hypothesis that this protein is a link among goblet cells, commensal bacteria, and the pathogenesis of IBD.
Personalized input (2012)

Although typing on touchscreens is slower than typing on physical keyboards, touchscreens offer a critical potential advantage: they are software-based, and, as such, the keyboard layout and classification models used to interpret key presses can dynamically adapt to suit each user's typing pattern. To explore this potential, we introduce and evaluate two novel personalized keyboard interfaces, both of which adapt their underlying key-press classification models. The first keyboard also visually adapts the location of keys while the second one always maintains a visually stable rectangular layout. A three-session user evaluation showed that the keyboard with the stable rectangular layout significantly improved typing speed compared to a control condition with no personalization. Although no similar benefit was found for the keyboard that also offered visual adaptation, overall subjective response to both new touchscreen keyboards was positive. As personalized keyboards are still an emerging area of research, we also outline a design space that includes dimensions of adaptation and key-press classification features.
Integrated signal conditioning for silicon pressure sensors (1979)

A silicon-diaphragm pressure sensor containing on-chip circuitry for signal conditioning has been designed for applications in biomedicine. The device requires no off-chip components and only two external leads, making it suitable for use with multisensor catheters having diameters less than 1.5 mm. The output is a temperature-compensated high-frequency FM analog representation of the applied pressure signal. The device exhibits 1-percent resolution and accuracy over the physiological pressure and temperature ranges. Circuit techniques applicable to a variety of active sensors are descried.
From business process models to process-oriented software systems (2009)

Several methods for enterprise systems analysis rely on flow-oriented representations of business operations, otherwise known as business process models. The Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN) is a standard for capturing such models. BPMN models facilitate communication between domain experts and analysts and provide input to software development projects. Meanwhile, there is an emergence of methods for enterprise software development that rely on detailed process definitions that are executed by process engines. These process definitions refine their counterpart BPMN models by introducing data manipulation, application binding, and other implementation details. The de facto standard for defining executable processes is the Business Process Execution Language (BPEL). Accordingly, a standards-based method for developing process-oriented systems is to start with BPMN models and to translate these models into BPEL definitions for subsequent refinement. However, instrumenting this method is challenging because BPMN models and BPEL definitions are structurally very different. Existing techniques for translating BPMN to BPEL only work for limited classes of BPMN models. This article proposes a translation technique that does not impose structural restrictions on the source BPMN model. At the same time, the technique emphasizes the generation of readable (block-structured) BPEL code. An empirical evaluation conducted over a large collection of process models shows that the resulting BPEL definitions are largely block-structured. Beyond its direct relevance in the context of BPMN and BPEL, the technique presented in this article addresses issues that arise when translating from graph-oriented to block-structure flow definition languages.
Integration of On-Chip Isotachophoresis and Functionalized Hydrogels for Enhanced-Sensitivity Nucleic Acid Detection (2012)

We introduce an on-chip electrokinetic assay to perform high-sensitivity nucleic acid (NA) detection. This assay integrates electrokinetic sample focusing using isotachophoresis (ITP) with a background signal-removal strategy that employs photopatterened, DNA-functionalized hydrogels. In this multistage assay, ITP first enhances hybridization kinetics between target NAs and end-labeled complementary reporters. After enhanced hybridization, migration through a DNA-functionalized hydrogel region removes excess reporters through affinity interactions. We demonstrate our assay on microRNAs, an important class of low-abundance biomarkers. The assay exhibits 4 orders of magnitude dynamic range, near 1 pM detection limits starting from less than 100 fg of microRNA, and high selectivity for mature microRNA sequences, all within a 10 min run time. This new microfluidic framework provides a unique quantitative assay for NA detection.
BOLD Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Skeletal Muscle (2003)

Blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) imaging was a concept introduced in 1990 for evaluating brain activation. The method relies on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast resulting from changes in the microvascular ratio of oxyhaemoglobin (oxyHb) to deoxyhaemoglobin (deoxyHb). OxyHb is diamagnetic, whereas deoxyHb is paramagnetic, which produces a local bulk magnetic susceptibility effect and subsequent MRI signal change. The changes are typically observed in T(2)*-weighted functional MRI scans. However, there has recently been interest in BOLD as a way to evaluate microcirculation of any normal or diseased tissue. This review focuses on the application of BOLD imaging in the understanding of normal and diseased skeletal muscle. In addition we present new findings showing the possible application of BOLD imaging with hyperoxia for evaluating skeletal muscle physiology.
Epidemiology and survival of systemic lupus erythematosus in Hong Kong Chinese (2010)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a fairly common rheumatic disease in Hong Kong, China. The prevalence and annual incidence of SLE are estimated to be 0.1% and 6.7/100,000 population, respectively. The 10-year cumulative survival of SLE patients in Hong Kong is 83% and the age and gender-adjusted standardized mortality ratio was 5.25 (1.64-10.4) from 1999 to 2008. The commonest cause of death is infections (60%), followed by cardiovascular complications (16%). Life expectancy analysis reveals a loss of 20 years in women and 27 years in men when SLE develops at birth. The loss in life years is greatest in the younger age groups. Renal damage is the most frequent disease-related damage, whereas musculoskeletal damage is the commonest treatment-related complication. The quality of life of our SLE patients is impaired and declines over time, which is contributed by new organ damage. One-third of our patients lose their ability to work within 5 years of disease onset, which is mainly attributed to musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, anxiety and depression symptoms, and memory deterioration. With the availability of novel therapeutics and an increased awareness of complication prevention in SLE, it is expected that our patients will live longer with a better quality of life in the next decade.