gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Treatment of chelated iron and copper wastes by chemical oxidation (1996)

Abstract Chelating agents are used commonly to remove deposits from surfaces of industrial equipment and to solubilize metals in electroless plating baths. The destruction of chelate (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, EDTA) in chemical cleaning wastes using hydrogen peroxide and/or ozone as oxidants is described. The experiments were conducted in a batch reactor using simulated wastes containing elevated levels of iron, copper, and EDTA. With hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant, the pH, hydrogen peroxide dose, temperature, and initial composition of the solvent had the greatest effects on chelate destruction. A pH between 4 and 5, a 20:1 molar ratio of hydrogen peroxide to EDTA and a temperature of 40–60 °C consistently produced >95% destruction of the chelate. For ozone, EDTA removal was more dependent on the initial iron and EDTA concentrations than on the pH or ozone flowrate. Overall, hydrogen peroxide alone at above ambient temperatures was judged to be the most effective oxidant for destroying chelates in the cleaning wastes investigated.
Local Intravascular Effects of the Nitinol Wire Blood Clot Filter (1988)

To determine the biocompatibility and thrombogenicity of nitinol blood clot filters, we inserted 27 nitinol wire devices into the venae cavae of 16 dogs and one sheep and studied the results angiographically and at autopsy after periods of one week to four years. Filter shape, location in the vena cava, wire cleaning procedure and wire surface finish were varied. All 18 cleaned nitinol wire filters remained patent by venogram, although some showed small venographic filling defects caused by adherent organized thrombi. Filters in larger veins tended to have less thrombus. Surface polishing and filter shape had no observable effect on thrombogenicity. Histologic study revealed patchy chronic inflammation at the surface of uncleaned filters but only benign fibrous tissue reaction for the cleaned filters. Neointimal tissue overgrowth was observed where nitinol wire contacted the wall of the vena cava. Two filters implanted for four years had no appreciable weight loss caused by corrosion. Platelet adhesion and plasma coagulation effects of nitinol wire were tested in vitro in human blood and found to be similar to those of stainless steel, which is used in comparable devices. These encouraging results suggest that nitinol may be a promising material for human intravascular prosthetic applications.
Long-term treatment of uterine fibroids with ulipristal acetate☆ (2014)

ClinicalTrials.gov (www.clinicaltrials.gov) registration numbers NCT01156857 (PEARL III) and NCT01252069 (PEARL III extension).
Dimerization-Dependent Green and Yellow Fluorescent Proteins (2012)

Dimerization-dependent fluorescent proteins (ddFP) are a recently introduced class of genetically encoded reporters that can be used for the detection of protein interactions in live cells. The progenitor of this class of tools was a red fluorescent ddFP (ddRFP) derived from a homodimeric variant of Discosoma red fluorescent protein. Here, we describe the engineering and application of an expanded palette of ddFPs, which includes green (ddGFP) and yellow (ddYFP) variants. These optimized variants offer several advantages relative to ddRFP including increased in vitro contrast and brightness for ddGFP and increased brightness and a lowered pK a for ddYFP. We demonstrate that both variants are useful as biosensors for protease activity in live cells. Using the ddGFP tool, we generated a highly effective indicator of endomembrane proximity that can be used to image the mitochondria-associated membrane (MAM) interface of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria.
The formation of cyclopentadienone ions. An internal oxidation process (1989)

Abstract 1‐(2‐nitrophenyl)benzotriazole loses nitrogen upon electron ionization. This reaction is followed by a Wolff‐type ring contraction to give cyclopentadienylidene methanimine ions which undergo an internal oxidation process producing ionized cyclopentadienone.
The variable morphological coexistence of apoptosis and necrosis in human myocardial infarction (1998)

Because apoptotic cells retain their membrane integrity, enzymatic diagnosis of myocardial infarction that is due to necrosis. Measurement of any intracellular enzyme consequently always underestimates the extent of myocardial infarction, often by a large margin. Morphological progression of cell death in myocardial infarction, from apoptosis to necrosis, may depend upon exceeding the local capacity for phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. However, cells dying by either apoptosis or necrosis are equally dead. There is a need for better definition of the role of apoptosis in myocardial hibernation (or stunning), in ischemic preconditioning and in the pathogenesis of silent angina, and post-myocardial infarction remodeling.
Bleaching of vital and nonvital teeth. (1992)

Although tooth bleaching has been known to the dental profession for over 100 years, new knowledge is continually surfacing. This review discusses the 1990 to 1991 literature on two nonvital bleaching techniques (thermocatalytic and walking) and three classes of vital bleaching techniques (in-office; dentist-prescribed, home-applied; and over-the-counter kits). The choice for nonvital bleaching is the walking bleach technique, with the use of sodium perborate alone having less potential for cervical resorption. The choices for vital bleaching techniques are either the dentist-prescribed, home-applied technique, the in-office technique, or a combination of the two. Bonding should be delayed 2 weeks after bleaching. Microabrasion is a possible second choice for certain discolorations. These chosen bleaching techniques, when used in a professionally appropriate manner, seem as safe as other commonly used dental treatments.
Genetic Polymorphism of Proline-Rich Human Salivary Proteins (1973)

In randomly collected saliva samples from 120 Caucasians, 79 Blacks, and 40 Chinese, three phenotypes were observed by electrophoresis in alkaline slab polyacrylamide gels. The proteins showing polymorphism were identical with four previously characterized proline-rich proteins. Inheritance is controlled by two autosomal codominant alleles. The gene frequencies were for Caucasians, Pr(l)=0.73, Pr(2)=0.27; for Blacks, Pr(1)=0.80, Pr(2)=0.20; for Chinese, Pr(l)=0.84, Pr(2)=0.16.
NMR relaxation times <i>T</i><sub>1</sub> and <i>T</i><sup>2</sup> of water in plasma from patients with lung carcinoma: Correlation of <i>T</i><sup>2</sup> with blood sedimentation rate (1987)

The T1 and T2 NMR relaxation times of water protons in plasma, obtained from patients with lung carcinoma, healthy volunteers, and patients with nontumor diseases were measured at a resonance frequency of 20 MHz. Additionally hematologic parameters were determined. In tumor patients the mean plasma T2 was shortened by about 20%, and an increase in the blood sedimentation rate (BSR) was noted. Similar but less pronounced results were found for the nontumor group of patients, indicating that the shortening of T2 in plasma is a secondary host response. However, a plot of plasma 1/T2 versus BSR from tumor patients showed a significant correlation between these two parameters. No such correlation could be detected in the nontumor group of patients. The correlation of 1/T2 with BSR, found solely in the tumor patient group, increased the diagnostic sensitivity of T2 measurements and may help to differentiate between malignant and nonmalignant disease. No significant variation in the T1 spin-lattice relaxation time was observed.
Poincaré in the archives - two examples (1997)

A titre d'illustration de la richesse du materiel d'archives de Poincare, dont une partie seulement m'est connue, et de son importance pour l'evolution et l'enrichissement de notre comprehension de son oeuvre, je developpe deux exemples. Le premier est la decouverte de trois longs essais, ecrits en 1880, sur le probleme des equations differentielles dans le domaine complexe, et publies recemment par Scott Walter et moi-meme par l'intermediaire des ACERHP. Le second est la decouverte, faite par June Barrow-Green, de la version originale de son memoire couronne de 1888 sur la mecanique celeste. Chaque manuscrit met en lumiere le cheminement de sa pensee vers certaines de ses decouvertes les plus influentes.
Towards scalable real-time analytics (2015)

We present an overview of our work on the SAP HANA Scale-out Extension, a novel distributed database architecture designed to support large scale analytics over real-time data. This platform permits high performance OLAP with massive scale-out capabilities, while concurrently allowing OLTP workloads. This dual capability enables analytics over real-time changing data and allows fine grained user-specified service level agreements (SLAs) on data freshness. We advocate the decoupling of core database components such as query processing, concurrency control, and persistence, a design choice made possible by advances in high-throughput low-latency networks and storage devices. We provide full ACID guarantees and build on a logical timestamp mechanism to provide MVCC-based snapshot isolation, while not requiring synchronous updates of replicas. Instead, we use asynchronous update propagation guaranteeing consistency with timestamp validation. We provide a view into the design and development of a large scale data management platform for real-time analytics, driven by the needs of modern enterprise customers.
Compensation for dystrophin-deficiency: ADAM12 overexpression in skeletal muscle results in increased  7 integrin, utrophin and associated glycoproteins (2003)

Mouse models for genetic diseases are among the most powerful tools available for developing and testing new treatment strategies. ADAM12 is a disintegrin and metalloprotease, previously demonstrated to significantly alleviate the pathology of mdx mice, a model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy in humans. More specifically ADAM12 appeared to prevent muscle cell necrosis in the mdx mice as evidenced by morphological analysis and by the reduced levels of serum creatine kinase. In the present study we demonstrated that ADAM12 may compensate for the dystrophin deficiency in mdx mice by increasing the expression and redistribution of several components of the muscle cell-adhesion complexes. First, we analyzed transgenic mice that overexpress ADAM12 and found mild myopathic changes and accelerated regeneration following acute injury. We then analyzed changes in gene-expression profiles in mdx/ADAM12 transgenic mice compared with their littermate controls and found only a few genes with an expression change greater than 2-fold between mdx/ADAM12 and mdx. The small changes in gene expression were unexpected, considering the marked improvement of the mdx pathology when ADAM12 is overexpressed, and suggested that significant changes in mdx/ADAM12 muscle might occur post-transcriptionally. Indeed, by immunostaining and immunoblotting we found an approximately 2-fold increase in expression, and distinct extrasynaptic localization, of alpha 7B integrin and utrophin, the functional homolog of dystrophin. The expression of the dystrophin-associated glycoproteins was also increased. In conclusion, these results demonstrate a novel way to alleviate dystrophin deficiency in mice, and may stimulate the development of new approaches to compensate for dystrophin deficiency in animals and humans.
TWIST1 hypermethylation is observed in pancreatic cancer (2012)

Despite the growing evidence demonstrating that <i>TWIST1</i> is a noteworthy tumor biomarker, little is known about the clinical significance of <i>TWIST1</i> methylation in human primary pancreatic cancer. In the present study, the association of <i>TWIST1</i> methylation with clinicopathological characteristics was examined in human primary pancreatic cancer. Primary pancreatic cancer specimens and corresponding healthy pancreatic non-tumorous tissues from 33 patients with pancreatic cancer were used. Methylation levels of <i>TWIST1</i> were compared with clinicopathological characteristics. The <i>TWIST1</i> methylation level was higher in pancreatic cancer compared to corresponding non-neoplastic pancreatic tissues. The mean <i>TWIST1</i> methylation was 66.7% for pancreatic cancer tissue and 15.0% for corresponding nonneoplastic pancreatic tissue (P=0.0004). These results suggested that <i>TWIST1</i> methylation is a useful biomarker for the screening of pancreatic cancers. Studies using independent data sets are required to confirm these findings.
Characterization and localization of mitochondrial oligopeptidase (MOP) (EC 3.4.24.16) activity in the human cervical adenocarcinoma cell line HeLa (1997)

In this study we describe the partial purification and characterization of the HeLa cell oligopeptidase M or endopeptidase 3.4.24.16. The HeLa enzyme was isolated initially by its ability to hydrolyse a nonapeptide substrate (P9) which was cognate to the N-terminal cleavage site of preproTGF alpha. The enzyme was shown to be a metalloprotease as it was inhibited by Zn(2+)-chelating agents and DTT, and had an approximate molecular weight of 55-63 kD determined by gel filtration. Neurotensin, dynorphin A1-17 and GnRH1-9 were rapidly degraded by the enzyme while GnRH1-10 and somatostatin were not. Neurotensin was cleaved at the Pro10-Tyr11 bond, leading to the formation of neurotensin (1-10) and neurotensin (11-13). The K(m) for neurotensin cleavage was 7 microM and the Ki for the specific 24.16 dipeptide inhibitor (Pro-ile) was 140 microM which were similar to those observed from the human brain enzyme [Vincent et al. (1996): Brain Res 709:51-58]. Through the use of specific antibodies, the purified HeLa enzyme was shown to be oligopeptidase M. This enzyme and its closely related family member thimet oligopeptidase were shown to co-elute during the isolation procedure but were finally separated using a MonoQ column. Oligopeptidase M is located mainly in mitochondria though it was detected on the plasma membrane in an inactive form. The results obtained demonstrate the first recorded instance of this enzyme in human tissue cultured cells, and raise the issue of its function therein.
Surface Modulation of Magnetic Nanocrystals in the Development of Highly Efficient Magnetic Resonance Probes for Intracellular Labeling (2005)

High-quality biocompatible magnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanocrystals were developed through a ligand exchange process of hydrophobically capped nanocrystals with hydrophilic molecules. By simple modulation of the nanocrystal surface ligand charge properties, we have been able to prepare magnetic nanocrystals with excellent intracellular labeling capabilities that efficiently label a variety of cell types without the need for additional transport facilitating agents. The excellent intracellular labeling capability of the newly developed cationic WSIO has further led to successful MRI monitoring of the migration of neural stem cells in rat spinal cord. The magnetic nanocrystals developed here have great potential in applications for labeling of various cell types and also the monitoring of cell-based medical treatments and cancer metastasis.
Immunological quantitation of thymidylate synthase using the monoclonal antibody TS 106 in 5-fluorouracil-sensitive and -resistant human cancer cell lines. (1992)

Thymidylate synthase (TS) (EC 2.1.1.45) is an important cellular target for the fluoropyrimidine cytotoxic drugs that are widely used in the treatment of solid tumors. Using the TS 106 monoclonal antibody to human TS, we have compared the immunological quantitation of TS by Western immunoblot and immunofluorescent techniques to the conventional biochemical 5-fluorodeoxyuridine monophosphate binding assay in a panel of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-sensitive and -resistant human cancer cell lines. Densitometric quantitation of TS 106-labeled Western immunoblot analysis of cell lysates from two 5-FU-resistant colon carcinoma cell lines, NCI H630R1 and NCI H630R10, revealed 12.8- and 16-fold increases in TS, respectively, compared to the parent 5-FU-sensitive NCI H630 colon cell line. By biochemical analysis, the TS level was 15- and 23-fold higher, respectively, in these resistant cell lines. Similarly, immunoblot analysis of cell lysates from two 5-FU-resistant breast cancer cell lines, MCF-Ad5 and MCF-Ad10, detected a 2.3- and 6.3-fold increase in TS, respectively, compared to the parent MCF-7 cell line. By biochemical assay the TS activity was 1.8- and 7.0-fold higher in these resistant breast cell lines. Western immunoblotting analysis revealed a 35-fold range of TS protein concentrations among the 10 cell lines examined, compared to a 38-fold range demonstrated by the biochemical assay. Direct comparison of Western blotting and the biochemical assay revealed a highly significant correlation (r2 = 0.93) between the two assays. Moreover, using the monoclonal antibody TS 106, the Western blotting technique was capable of detecting TS protein levels as low as 0.3 fmol in cellular lysates. Quantitation of TS in intact cells by immunofluorescent TS labeling and flow cytometric analysis was performed using three of the cell lines, NCI H630, NCI H630R10, and MCF-Ad10. This revealed a 26-fold increase in TS in the 5-FU-resistant NCI H630R10 line compared to the parent NCI H630 line and a 3.5-fold increase in TS compared to the 5-FU-resistant MCF-Ad10 breast cell line. The 5-FU-resistant MCF-Ad10 breast cell line, in turn, displayed a 7.7-fold increase in TS, compared to the 5-FU-sensitive NCI H630 cell lines. TS immunofluorescent analysis was capable of measuring TS within individual cells. The development of these immunological assays using an anti-TS monoclonal antibody will facilitate the quantitation of TS in cell lines and tissue samples.
Studies on amino acids and peptides. Part 6. Methods for introducing thioamide bonds into the peptide backbone: synthesis of the four monothio analogues of leucine enkephalin (1984)

A methodology for preparing peptide analogues in which a thioamide bond replaces the normal amide bond is described. Thus, the synthesis of the three leucine enkephalin analogues [Phet4]-, [Glyt2]-, and [Tyrt1]-leucine enkephalin and the attempted synthesis of [Glyt3]-leucine enkephalin is reported. The replacement of an amide group in position 4 is most conveniently achieved by thionation of Boc–Phe–Leu–OBzl using Lawesson's Reagent (LR), followed by deprotection of the Boc-group and segment coupling with Boc–Tyr(Bzl)–Gly–Gly–OH. Final deprotection is accomplished by using liquid HF–anisole. Single thioamino acid residues are introduced in positions 1, 2, and 3, respectively, by using protected amino acid dithio esters, which are prepared in high yields in a four-step reaction sequence starting from the N-protected amino acids.
Neu Differentiation Factor/Neuregulin Isoforms Activate Distinct Receptor Combinations (1996)

The multiple isoforms of Neu differentiation factor (NDF/neuregulin) induce a pleiotropic cellular response that is isoform-specific and cell type-dependent. The molecular basis of this heterogeneity was addressed by comparing the two major groups of isoforms, alpha and beta. Both groups bind to the catalytically impaired receptor tyrosine kinase ErbB-3, whose mitogenic stimulation by NDF requires transactivation by other ErbB proteins, either ErbB-1 or ErbB-2. By expressing each pair of receptors in interleukin 3-dependent myeloid cells, we found that both isoforms induced mitogenic signals in cells co-expressing the combination of ErbB-3 with ErbB-2. However, only the beta isoform stimulated cells that expressed both ErbB-3 and ErbB-1, and neither isoform was active on cells expressing ErbB-3 alone. Both isoforms bind to all ErbB-3-expressing cells, albeit with different affinities, but the co-stimulatory mitogenic effect is correlated with the ability of each auxiliary receptor to transphosphorylate ErbB-3. These results imply that NDF isoforms differ in their ability to induce receptor heterodimers; whereas both types of isoforms signal through ErbB-3/ErbB-2 heterodimers, only beta isoforms are able to stabilize ErbB-3/ErbB-1 heterodimers.
The Good, the Bad and the Ugly of Distribution Coefficients: Current Status, Views and Outlook (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Log D and Log P Definitions and Equations Is There Life After Octanol? Log P or Log D? ADME Applications Issues and Automation in the Determination of Log D Shake-Flask Method Potentiometric Method Chromatographic Methods Electrophoretic Methods IAMs Applications Perspective pH-partition Theory and Ion-pairing General Aspects and Foundation of the pH-partition Theory Ion-pairing: In Vitro and In Vivo Implications Ion-pairing In Vitro Ion-pairing In Vivo Computational Approaches Methods to Predict Log D at Arbitrary pH Methods to Predict Log D at Fixed pH Issues and Needs Log D Models in ADMET Prediction Applicability Domain of Models Some Concluding Remarks: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly
Studies on the biosynthesis of taxol: the taxane carbon skeleton is not of mevalonoid origin. (1996)

A cell culture of Taxus chinensis was established to produce the diterpene 2alpha,5alpha,10beta,14beta-tetra-acetoxy4 ++ +(20),11-taxadiene (taxuyunnanine C) in 2.6% (dry weight) yield. The incorporation of [U-13C6]glucose, [1-13C]glucose, and [1,2-13C2]acetate into this diterpene was analyzed by NMR spectroscopy. Label from [1,2-13C2]acetate was diverted to the four acetyl groups of taxuyunnanine C, but not to the taxane ring system. Label from [1-13C]glucose and [U-13C6]glucose was efficiently incorporated into both the taxane ring system and the acetyl groups. The four isoprenoid moieties of the diterpene showed identical labeling patterns. The analysis of long-range 13C13C couplings in taxuyunnanine C obtained from an experiment with [U-13C6]glucose documents the involvement of an intramolecular rearrangement in the biosynthesis of the isoprenoid precursor. The labeling patterns are inconsistent with the mevalonate pathway. The taxoid data share important features with the alternative pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis operating in certain eubacteria Rohmer, M., Knani, M., Simonin, P., Sutter, B. & Sahm, H. (1993) Biochem. J. 295, 517-524].
On the Equivalence of Linear MMSE Chip-Level Equalizer and Generalized RAKE (2004)

Several linear equalization schemes have been proposed for the downlink of direct-sequence code-division multiple-access systems. Previous numerical performance evaluation of such algorithms showed the equivalence of the linear minimum mean-square error chip-level equalizer and a slightly modified version of the generalized RAKE. In this letter, we establish this equivalence analytically.