gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dose-response study of sodium cromoglycate in exercise-induced asthma. (1982)

Ten patients with exercise-induced asthma participated in a single-blind dose-response study comparing the protective effect of inhaled sodium cromoglycate in increasing concentrations from 2 to 40 mg/ml. Saline was used as a control. Effects were assessed from the mean maximal percentage fall in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) after the patients had run on a treadmill for eight minutes. There was slight bronchodilation evident from the increase in baseline FEV1 after inhalation of sodium cromoglycate, the difference reaching statistical significance with the highest concentration (5.7%, p less than 0.05). After exercise the maximal percentage falls in FEV1 (means and SEM) after saline and after sodium cromoglycate at 2, 10, 20, and 40 mg/ml were 37.3 +/- 4.7, 17.3 +/- 4.1, 10 +/- 3.3, 7.6 +/- 2.4, and 12 +/- 2.9. Sodium cromoglycate inhibited the exercise-induced fall in FEV1 at all the concentrations used in the study (p less than 0.001) and its inhibitory effect increased from 2 to 20 mg/ml. The mean FEV1 returned to baseline values within 15 minutes at higher concentrations of sodium cromoglycate (20 and 40 mg/ml) and a small bronchodilator effect was noted at 30 minutes. The findings suggest that the protective effect of sodium cromoglycate in exercise asthma is dose related. At higher concentration the drug suppresses chemical mediator release from the lung mast cells and may also modify the bronchial reactivity to release mediators.
Pharmacological promotion of inclusion formation: A therapeutic approach for Huntington’s and Parkinson’s diseases (2006)

Misfolded proteins accumulate in many neurodegenerative diseases, including huntingtin in Huntington's disease and alpha-synuclein in Parkinson's disease. The disease-causing proteins can take various conformations and are prone to aggregate and form larger cytoplasmic or nuclear inclusions. One approach to the development of therapeutic intervention for these diseases has been to identify chemical compounds that reduce the size or number of inclusions. We have, however, identified a compound that promotes inclusion formation in cellular models of both Huntington's disease and Parkinson's disease. Of particular interest, this compound prevents huntingtin-mediated proteasome dysfunction and reduces alpha-synuclein-mediated toxicity. These results demonstrate that compounds that increase inclusion formation may actually lessen cellular pathology in both Huntington's and Parkinson's diseases, suggesting a therapeutic approach for neurodegenerative diseases caused by protein misfolding.
Functional identification of a vesicular acetylcholine transporter and its expression from a “cholinergic” gene locus. (1994)

The vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) has been identified and characterized based on the acquisition of high affinity vesamicol binding and proton-dependent, vesamicol-sensitive acetylcholine accumulation by a fibroblast cell line transfected with a clone from a rat pheochromocytoma cDNA library encoding this protein. The distribution of VAChT mRNA coincides with that reported for choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), the enzyme required for acetylcholine biosynthesis, in the peripheral and central cholinergic nervous systems. A human VAChT cDNA was used to localize the VAChT gene to chromosome 10q11.2, which is also the location of the ChAT gene. The entire sequence of the human VAChT cDNA is contained uninterrupted within the first intron of the ChAT gene locus. Transcription of VAChT and ChAT mRNA from the same or contiguous promoters within a single regulatory locus provides a previously undescribed genetic mechanism for coordinate regulation of two proteins whose expression is required to establish a mammalian neuronal phenotype.
interactions of 4′, 6-diamidine-2-phenylindole with synthetic polynucleotides (1979)

4', 6-Diamidine-2-phenylindole forms fluorescent complexes with synthetic DNA duplexes containing AT, AU and IC base pairs; no fluorescent complexes were observed with duplexes containing GC base pairs or with duplexes containing a single AT base pair sandwiched between GC pairs. The binding site size is one molecule of dye per 3 base pairs. The intrinsic binding constants are higher for alternating sequence duplexes than for the corresponding homopolymer pairs. With the exception of the four-stranded helical poly rI which exhibits considerable fluorescence enhancement upon binding of the ligand, none of the single- or multi- stranded polyribonucleotides and ribo-deoxyribonucleotide hybrid structures form fluorescent complexes with the dye. Poly rI is the only RNA which forms a DNA B-like structure (Arnott et al. (1974) Biochem. J. 141, 537). The B conformation of the helix and the absence of guanine appear to be the major determinants of the specificity of the fluorescent binding mode of the dye. Nonfluorescent interactions of the dye with polynucleotides are nonspecific; UV absorption and circular dichroic spectra demonstrate binding to synthetic single- and double-stranded DNA and RNA analogs, including those containing GC base pairs.
Novel capsaicin-induced parameters of microcirculation in migraine patients revealed by imaging photoplethysmography (2018)

BPA dynamics measured by imaging photoplethysmography could serve as a novel sensitive non-invasive biomarker of migraine-associated changes in microcirculation.
Field test of quantum key distribution in the Tokyo QKD Network (2011)

A secure communication network with quantum key distribution in a metropolitan area is reported. Six different QKD systems are integrated into a mesh-type network. GHz-clocked QKD links enable us to demonstrate the world-first secure TV conferencing over a distance of 45km. The network includes a commercial QKD product for long-term stable operation, and application interface to secure mobile phones. Detection of an eavesdropper, rerouting into a secure path, and key relay via trusted nodes are demonstrated in this network.
The role of DQDB (1994)

Distributed-queue dual-bus is a cell-based broadcast network developed primarily as a high-speed LAN interconnection facility. It can also support limited isochronous (constant bit rate) communication services. The DQDB standard IEEE 802.6 (ISO 8802.6) relates to a single subnetwork in the context of a larger network, typically a number of interconnected DQDB subnetworks. This paper discusses subnetwork architectures, MAC sublayer and physical layer operations, the queued arbitrated access function with bandwidth balancing counters, slot and segment formats, and the connectionless SMDS and CBDS data service.
Mononuclear cell infiltration and its relation to the expression of major histocompatibility complex antigens and adhesion molecules in pancreas biopsy specimens from newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients. (1993)

We examined pancreas biopsy specimens from 18 newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients to elucidate the mechanism underlying beta cell destruction. Pancreas islets were seen in all patients and insulitis in eight patients. Infiltrating mononuclear cells consisted of CD4+T, CD8+T, B lymphocytes, and macrophages. Among them, CD8+T lymphocytes were predominant and macrophages followed. The expression of MHC class I antigens was increased in islet and endothelial cells in nine patients. MHC class II expression was increased in endothelial cells of the same patients. The expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 was increased in endothelial cells in two of the nine patients with MHC hyperexpression; in one of them, lymphocyte function-associated antigen-3 expression was also increased. Out of the eight patients with insulitis, seven showed MHC class I hyper-expression, whereas 2 of the 10 patients without insulitis showed the phenomenon (P < 0.05). The relation between insulitis and the hyperexpression of adhesion molecules was not evident. In conclusion, we revealed the close relation between CD8+T lymphocyte-predominant insulitis and MHC class I hyperexpression in islet cells. This suggests that infiltrating CD8+T lymphocytes recognize islet autoantigens in association with increased MHC class I molecules and act as major effector cells in autoimmune response against islet cells in IDDM pancreases. The role of adhesion molecules in the pathogenesis of IDDM still remains to be elucidated.
Cytological and Molecular Analysis of the <i>Hordeum vulgare</i>-<i>Puccinia triticina</i> Nonhost Interaction (2003)

Cultivated barley, Hordeum vulgare L., is considered to be a nonhost or intermediate host species for the wheat leaf rust fungus Puccinia triticina. Here, we have investigated, at the microscopic and molecular levels, the reaction of barley cultivars to wheat leaf rust infection. In the nonhost resistant cultivar Cebada Capa, abortion of fungal growth occurred at both pre- and posthaustorial stages, suggesting that defense genes are expressed throughout the development of the inappropriate fungus during the nonhost resistance reaction. In the two barley lines L94 and Bowman, a low level of prehaustorial resistance to P. triticina was observed and susceptibility was comparable to that of wheat control plants. Suppression subtractive hybridization was used to identify genes that are differentially expressed during the nonhost resistance reaction in Cebada Capa as well as during the successful establishment of the inappropriate wheat leaf rust fungus in L94. Northern analysis indicated that two candidate genes, including a barley ortholog of the rice resistance gene Xa21, are putatively involved in nonhost and non-race-specific resistance reactions. In addition, a new gene that is specifically induced during the successful development of the inappropriate fungus P. triticina in barley has been identified.
Differential transport function of lymphatic vessels in the rat tail model and the long-term effects of Indocyanine Green as assessed with near-infrared imaging (2013)

Significant differences were found between the two collecting vessels such that the vessel first showing fluorescence (dominant) produced enhanced functional metrics compared to the second vessel (non-dominant). GTNO significantly reduced lymphatic function in the non-dominant vessel compared to the dominant. ICG remained visible in the tail for 2 weeks after injection and was accompanied by significant losses in lymphatic function and enlarged draining lymph nodes. The Licor tracer also remained visible for 2 weeks. However, the dye produced significantly lower effects on lymphatic function than ICG, and lymph nodes were not enlarged at any time point, suggesting that this may be a more appropriate contrast agent for longitudinal lymphatic imaging.
SingleH2Kb, H2Db and doubleH2KbDb knockout mice: peripheral CD8+ T cell repertoire and antilymphocytic choriomeningitis virus cytolytic responses (1999)

Single H2Kb, H2Db and double H2KbDb homozygous knockout (KO) mice were generated and their peripheral CD8+ T cell repertoires compared to that of C57BL/6 (B6) mice. Limited (10-20%, H2Db), substantial (30-50%, H2Kb) and profound (90%, H2KbDb) reduction of peripheral CD8+ T cells was observed in KO mice, without Vbeta diversity alteration. Classical class Ia molecules therefore ensure most but not all of the peripheral CD8+ T cell repertoire education. As expected, H2Kb but also H2Db KO mice developed choriomeningitis following intracranial infection by lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus with the same kinetics, lethality and CD8+ cell implication as wild-type B6 mice. By contrast, H2KbDb (class Ia-Ib+) KO mice survived. Choriomeningitis of H2Db KO mice was linked to the development of a subdominant (in normal B6 mice) H2Kb-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte response. Mice expressing a restricted set of histocompatibility class I molecules should represent useful tools to evaluate the immunological potentials of individual MHC class I molecules.
Neonatal Complications after the Administration of Indomethacin for Preterm Labor (1993)

Antenatal indomethacin therapy for preterm labor appears to increase the risk of serious neonatal complications in infants born at or before 30 weeks' gestation.
A phase III randomized trial of chemoimmunotherapy comprising gemcitabine and capecitabine with or without telomerase vaccine GV1001 in patients with locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer. (2013)

LBA4004 Background: GV1001, a promiscuous class II epitope encompassing aa 611-626 of hTERT led to the development of CD4+ clones recognizing hTERT in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer (APC). Preclinically gemcitabine increases antigen cross-presentation, enhances T cell trafficking/activation, and reduces MDSCs and Tregs. Methods: Patients with APC were randomized 1:1:1 to: Arm 1 GemCap; 2 GemCap for 8/52 followed by GV1001 followed by further GemCap if no PD at week 8; 3 concurrent administration of GemCap and GV1001. 735 (69.2%) had metastatic disease and 948 (89.3%) had ECOG PS=0 or 1. Randomization was stratified by stage and PS. Primary endpoint was overall survival (OS); secondary endpoints included ORR, TTP, and AEs. Recruitment target was 1,110 patients (780 deaths) to permit detection of a hazard ratio of 0.748 between either GV1001 arm and Arm 1 using a 2-sided α=0.025 level of significance with at least 80% power. Results: 1,062 pts from 51 centers were randomized. Trial maturity was high (72.7% patients died): median follow-up was 6.11 months. The overall response rates were Arm 1=17.6%; Arm 2=8.9% (p=0.001); Arm 3: 15.5% (p=0.460 compared with Arm 1). Conclusions: OS with concurrent GemCap/GV1001 was not different to that with GemCap alone. OS with sequential GV1001 was not statistically different to GemCap alone as it did not meet the criterion for statistical significance (p&lt;0.0175). The addition of a T helper epitope vaccine to GemCap did not improve outcome compared to GemCap alone. Clinical trial information: 43482138. [Table: see text]
SARUS: A synthetic aperture real-time ultrasound system (2013)

The Synthetic Aperture Real-time Ultrasound System (SARUS) for acquiring and processing synthetic aperture (SA) data for research purposes is described. The specifications and design of the system are detailed, along with its performance for SA, nonlinear, and 3-D flow estimation imaging. SARUS acquires individual channel data simultaneously for up to 1024 transducer elements for a couple of heart beats, and is capable of transmitting any kind of excitation. The 64 boards in the system house 16 transmit and 16 receive channels each, where sampled channel data can be stored in 2 GB of RAM and processed using five field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). The fully parametric focusing unit calculates delays and apodization values in real time in 3-D space and can produce 350 million complex samples per channel per second for full non-recursive synthetic aperture B-mode imaging at roughly 30 high-resolution images/s. Both RF element data and beamformed data can be stored in the system for later storage and processing. The stored data can be transferred in parallel using the system's sixty-four 1-Gbit Ethernet interfaces at a theoretical rate of 3.2 GB/s to a 144-core Linux cluster.
Mechanism of oxidative stress from low levels of carbon monoxide. (1997)

The purpose of this study was to determine whether platelets and vascular endothelial cells would liberate nitric oxide free radical (NO)* and NO-derived oxidant species after exposure to carbon monoxide (CO) at concentrations up to 100 parts per million (ppm). We hypothesized that exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of CO would increase production of agents that may be involved in human pathological processes, such as atherosclerosis. Platelets obtained from rats released NO when incubated with CO, but CO did not increase platelet nitric oxide synthase activity. Platelets released comparable NO levels when they were exposed to CO in vitro and when taken from rats that had been exposed to CO. Partial pressures of CO as low as 10 ppm could successfully compete with NO for intraplatelet binding sites in in vitro studies. We conclude that CO enhanced the release of NO from platelets because it inhibited NO sequestration by intraplatelet binding sites, and that this phenomenon can occur with exposure to CO concentrations found in the environment. Bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells released NO in response to CO exposure. Carbon monoxide did not affect the transport of L-arginine across the plasma membrane or nitric oxide synthase activity; therefore, the mechanism appeared to be based on a disturbance of intracellular NO sequestration. Cells incubated with CO also released into the surrounding medium peroxynitrite, an NO-derived oxidant, based on oxidation of dihydrorhodamine 123 and p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid. Peroxynitrite-mediated oxidative stress to endothelial cells was identified as increased concentrations of nitrotyrosine in cell lysates, and by measuring the release of radioactive chromium. Carbon monoxide caused an acute injury when cells were continuously exposed for 4 hours, and a delayed injury when cells were exposed for 2 hours. Delayed injury was documented by leakage of radioactive chromium and by uptake of a vital fluorescent stain, ethidium homodimer-1, between 6 and 20 hours after CO exposure. Oxidative stress caused by CO exhibited several unique aspects because CO exposure did not alter the cellular content of reduced sulfhydryls nor did CO augment oxidative stress caused by superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, or a flux of NO. We concluded that concentrations of CO achieved in vivo when humans are exposed to CO concentrations found in the environment can cause endothelial cells to liberate NO and NO-derived oxidants, and that these products can adversely affect cell physiology.
Phosphopeptide Prodrug Bearing an <i>S</i>-Acyl-2-thioethyl Enzyme-Labile Phosphate Protection (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTPhosphopeptide Prodrug Bearing an S-Acyl-2-thioethyl Enzyme-Labile Phosphate ProtectionChristophe Mathé,, Christian Périgaud, Gilles Gosselin, and Jean-Louis ImbachView Author Information Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique, U.M.R. C.N.R.S. 5625, Case courrier 008, Université Montpellier II, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 23, 8547–8550Publication Date (Web):October 27, 1998Publication History Received9 March 1998Revised10 September 1998Published online27 October 1998Published inissue 1 November 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo980437dhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo980437dbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views325Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Peptides and proteins,Pharmaceuticals,Post-translational modification,Reaction products,Stability Get e-Alerts
Performance evaluation of telephony routing over IP (TRIP) (2004)

A new signaling protocol being developed for use in the Internet or an enterprise IP network is analyzed. The protocol is telephony routing over IP (TRIP). The most basic function of TRIP is to locate the optimum gateway on a voice over IP (VoIP) network connected to the public switched telephone network (PSTN). TRIP is analyzed from a carrier perspective and performance results are discussed.
Photoinduced DNA Cleavage via Electron Transfer: Demonstration That Guanine Residues Located 5' to Guanine Are the Most Electron-Donating Sites (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotoinduced DNA Cleavage via Electron Transfer: Demonstration That Guanine Residues Located 5' to Guanine Are the Most Electron-Donating SitesIsao Saito, Masami Takayama, Hiroshi Sugiyama, Kazuhiko Nakatani, Akira Tsuchida, and Masahide YamamotoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 23, 6406–6407Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1995https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00128a050RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1078Altmetric-Citations356LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (282 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Malaria Infection Increases Attractiveness of Humans to Mosquitoes (2005)

Do malaria parasites enhance the attractiveness of humans to the parasite's vector? As such manipulation would have important implications for the epidemiology of the disease, the question has been debated for many years. To investigate the issue in a semi-natural situation, we assayed the attractiveness of 12 groups of three western Kenyan children to the main African malaria vector, the mosquito Anopheles gambiae. In each group, one child was uninfected, one was naturally infected with the asexual (non-infective) stage of Plasmodium falciparum, and one harboured the parasite's gametocytes (the stage transmissible to mosquitoes). The children harbouring gametocytes attracted about twice as many mosquitoes as the two other classes of children. In a second assay of the same children, when the parasites had been cleared with anti-malarial treatment, the attractiveness was similar between the three classes of children. In particular, the children who had previously harboured gametocytes, but had now cleared the parasite, were not more attractive than other children. This ruled out the possibility of a bias due to differential intrinsic attractiveness of the children to mosquitoes and strongly suggests that gametocytes increase the attractiveness of the children.