gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Metal Chelate Stability of <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>′-Ethylenebis(aminomalonic) Acid (1973)

Abstract N,N′-Ethylenebis(aminomalonic) acid (EAMA) has been synthesized, and its acid dissociation constants and the stability constants of its alkaline earth metal complexes were determined potentiometrically at 25°C in a medium of ionic strength of 0.10 (KNO3) with the following results: pK1=2.1, pK2=2.72, pK3=6.56, pK4=9.69; logKMY and logMMHY for Ca(II) respectively, 5.45 and 2.02; for Mg(II) respectively 4.93 and 1.80. The exact stability constants of Cu(II) and Ni(II) chelates of this ligand were not obtained on account of its decomposition in low pH solution, but the order of relative stability has been established. From a comparison of the stability of Ca(II) and Mg(II) chelates with those of the analogous complexane, the function of the malonate group in the chelate formation has been discussed. Zn(II) and Co(II) chelates of this ligand have been obtained and their probable structures are proposed.
A four-level-metal fully planarized interconnect technology for dense high performance logic and SRAM applications (2002)

The authors describe a four-level-metal (4LM) interconnect technology used to wire high-density, high-performance logic and SRAM chip designs. Process features includes oxide planarization under all metal levels, tungsten studs for contacts and interlevel vias, layered titanium and aluminium-0.5% copper metal lines patterned by reactive ion etch (RIE), and fusible metal links for redundancy applications. Functional 300K circuit ASIC logic test sites (4LM) and 256K SRAMs (3LM) have been fabricated in both 125-mm and 200-mm wafer sizes. Process details are described along with the results of standard electrical tests and reliability stresses.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Fast computing of discrete cosine and sine transforms of types VI and VII (2011)

We propose fast algorithms for computing Discrete Sine and Discrete Cosine Transforms (DCT and DST) of types VI and VII. Particular attention is paid to derivation of fast algorithms for computing DST-VII of lengths 4 and 8, which are currently under consideration for inclusion in ISO/IEC/ITU-T High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard.
Inducible gene expression with the Tet‐on system in CD4+ T cells and thymocytes of mice (2007)

CD4+ T cells with their growing list of effector and regulatory subpopulations have vital functions within the immunohematopoietic system. We report here on the first mouse lines that allow temporally and quantitatively controlled expression of transgenes specifically in CD4+ thymocytes and T cells. These were constructed using the Tet-on system. The rtTA2(S)-M2 version of the reverse tetracycline-dependent transactivator was placed under control of all known CD4 regulatory elements. Reporter transgene expression in mice expressing these constructs is highly specific for CD4+ cells, is strictly dependent on the tetracycline derivative doxycycline, and can be regulated by up to five logs depending on the doxycycline concentration. Moreover, we demonstrate that these mice can be used for noninvasive in vivo imaging of a coexpressed luciferase reporter. These new mouse lines should be highly valuable for studying and manipulating numerous aspects of CD4+ T cell development, biology, and function.
One-Shot Learning for Semantic Segmentation (2017)

Low-shot learning methods for image classification support learning from sparse data. We extend these techniques to support dense semantic image segmentation. Specifically, we train a network that, given a small set of annotated images, produces parameters for a Fully Convolutional Network (FCN). We use this FCN to perform dense pixel-level prediction on a test image for the new semantic class. Our architecture shows a 25% relative meanIoU improvement compared to the best baseline methods for one-shot segmentation on unseen classes in the PASCAL VOC 2012 dataset and is at least 3 times faster.
Hybrid distribution transformer: Concept development and field demonstration (2012)

Today's distribution system is expected to supply power to loads for which it was not designed. Moreover, high penetration of distributed generation units is redefining the requirements for the design, control and operation of the electric distribution system. A Hybrid Distribution Transformer is a potential cost-effective alternative solution to various distribution grid control devices. The Hybrid Distribution Transformer is realized by augmenting a regular transformer with a fractionally rated power electronic converter, which provides the transformer with additional control capabilities. The Hybrid Distribution Transformer concept can provide dynamic ac voltage regulation, reactive power compensation and, in future designs, form an interface with energy storage devices. Other potential functionalities that can be realized from the Hybrid Distribution Transformer include voltage phase angle control, harmonic compensation and voltage sag compensation. This paper presents the concept of a Hybrid Distribution Transformer and the status of our efforts towards a 500 kVA, 12.47 kV/480 V field demonstrator.
Large Area Submicrometer Contact Printing Using a Contact Aligner (2000)

Submicrometer patterns were produced in a thin layer of gold over a 3 in. diameter substrate with an accuracy of ≥40 nm and a runout (feature to feature misalignment between the template and the stamped pattern) of approximately 1 μm, using microcontact printing (μ-CP). Successful pattern reproduction required careful control of the forces exerted on the substrate during the μ-CP process, as well as the encompassing pressure, which was achieved using a custom-built stamp aligner. The use of a thin film stamp bonded to a rigid glass support in conjunction with the aligner significantly improved the runout and eliminated contact of recessed regions of the stamp with the substrate.
Dynamic hashing schemes (1988)

A new type of dynamic file access called dynamic hashing has recently emerged. It promises the flexibility of handling dynamic files while preserving the fast access times expected from hashing. Such a fast, dynamic file access scheme is needed to support modern database systems. This paper surveys dynamic file access scheme is needed to support modern database systems. This paper surveys dynamic hashing schemes and examines their critical design issues.
Multilineage Potential of Adult Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (1999)

Human mesenchymal stem cells are thought to be multipotent cells, which are present in adult marrow, that can replicate as undifferentiated cells and that have the potential to differentiate to lineages of mesenchymal tissues, including bone, cartilage, fat, tendon, muscle, and marrow stroma. Cells that have the characteristics of human mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from marrow aspirates of volunteer donors. These cells displayed a stable phenotype and remained as a monolayer in vitro. These adult stem cells could be induced to differentiate exclusively into the adipocytic, chondrocytic, or osteocytic lineages. Individual stem cells were identified that, when expanded to colonies, retained their multilineage potential.
Geolocating Blogs From Their Textual Content (2009)

Mashups showing the geographic location of the authors of social media content are popular. They generally depend on the authors reporting their own location. For blogs, auto-mated geolocation strategies using IP address and domain name are not adequate for determining an author’s location. Instead, we detail textual geolocation techniques suitable for tagging social media data, facilitating development of geo-graphic mashups and spatial reasoning tools.
Large enhancement of canine taste responses to sugars by salts. (1990)

The effects of changed ionic environments on the canine taste responses to sugars were examined by recording the activity of the chorda tympani nerve. a) The responses to various sugars were greatly enhanced by the presence of salts having monovalent cations such as Na+, K+, choline+, or Tris+. The responses to sugars were suppressed by high concentrations of salts. (b) The presence of 100 mM NaCl in fructose solution did not affect the maximal response and changed the Hill constant for the concentration-response relationship from 1.3 to 2.4. (c) CaCl2 greatly enhanced the response to fructose, while MgCl2 exhibited practically no effect. The presence of 20 mM CaCl2 in fructose solution changed the Hill constant from 1.2 to 2.4. (d) CaCl2 suppressed the responses to 0.5 M sugars except for fructose and sucrose and enhanced the responses to all sugars examined at 1 M. In the glucose response, the slope of the concentration-response curve was increased by the presence of CaCl2. Here the curve in the absence of CaCl2 intersected with that in the presence of CaCl2, indicating that CaCl2 suppressed the response to glucose of low concentrations and enhanced that of high concentrations. (e) The enhancement of the sugar responses by salts was not simply explained in terms of ionic permeability at the apical membranes of taste cells. The enhanced and suppressed effects of salts on the sugar responses were interpreted in terms of the cooperativity between receptor molecules for sugars.
In their own words (2015)

We report on a survey of Australian computing students and academics that was designed to explore their thoughts about academic integrity with regard to the assessments undertaken in computing degrees. A number of questions on the survey permitted free-text responses, and we have conducted a qualitative analysis of those responses to identify concerns that were not covered in the quantitative part of the survey and to uncover new perspectives on issues that were covered in the survey.
SUCCESSFUL LONG-TERM KIDNEY-PANCREAS TRANSPLANTS REGARDLESS OF C-PEPTIDE STATUS OR RACE (2001)

The data strongly suggest that pretransplant C-peptide status does not influence the outcome of SPK transplantation in patients with renal failure from diabetes mellitus. SPK transplants should be offered to all suitable diabetic patients with renal failure regardless of C-peptide status or race.
Virtual Worlds in Asia: Business Models and Legal Issues (2005)

This paper uses two Asian case studies to illustrate the issues that developers of virtual worlds should address as they mature. The Korean case emphasizes the phenomenon of item trading. This involves emergent markets linking real world currency to items existing on company servers. The practice has resulted in controversial and unresolved legal issues. Companies such as ItemBay have grown to take advantage of these opportunities. The Chinese case emphasizes the transformation of business models over time as well as community control. The paper discusses feedback effects between broadband adoption and online games as well as issues such as Waigua, private servers, virtual property trade, and developer control. The experience of these countries shows that initial technical challenges for business models were overcome but new ones are beginning to emerge as the industry evolves. The new environment requires a change in the assumptions under which the game industry has operated.
Hydridotetracarbonylferrate anion. Convenient desulfurization reagent (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydridotetracarbonylferrate anion. Convenient desulfurization reagentHoward AlperCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1975, 40, 18, 2694Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00906a032https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00906a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views244Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Analog rank extractors (1997)

This paper focuses on continuous-time analog rank extractors, with an emphasis on MOS circuits. Sources of errors in previous analog implementations are analyzed, and an improved multiple-input min/max circuit configuration is proposed. A generalized analog rank extractor is discussed as well as its limitations on the number of inputs and rank. In a sorting network approach, the presorting and path combination techniques are used to reduce the rank selector implementation.
Extraction of metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect-transistor interface state and trapped charge spatial distributions using a physics-based algorithm (1997)

In this article, a new charge-extraction algorithm is proposed for extracting the spatial distributions of hot-carrier-induced interface states and trapped charges in p- and n- metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors, based on the charge-pumping measurement data. This extraction algorithm is physics based and provides a better understanding of how the presence of hot-carrier-induced trapped charges and interface states affect the charge-pumping curves. The extraction time for this new algorithm is very fast (typically 30 s) and does not require very tedious computer simulation. The verification of this method was performed using TSUPREM-4 and MEDICI simulations. With this new extraction method, one can gain better insight into the degradation mechanisms taking place under different hot-carrier stressing conditions.
High‐level expression of a neoagarobiose‐producing β‐agarase gene from <i>Agarivorans</i> sp. JAMB‐A11 in <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> and enzymic properties of the recombinant enzyme (2005)

The structural gene for a neoagarobiose-producing beta-agarase of an Agarivorans isolate was expressed in Bacillus subtilis. High-level production of the recombinant enzyme was achieved corresponding to a level of 1.9 x 10(4) units/l of the culture broth. The efficiency of the production is thus 30-fold greater than that of the original strain. The recombinant enzyme (RagaA11) had a molecular mass of 105 kDa and a specific activity of 371 units/mg. The optimal pH and temperature of the enzyme were 7.5-8.0 and 40 degrees C respectively. The enzyme is an endo-type beta-agarase hydrolysing not only agarose, but also neoagarotetraose, to yield neoagarobiose as the final main product, representing approx. 90 mol% of total products. RagaA11 would be useful for industrial production of neoagarobiose.
GraphGen: A Tool for Automatic Generation of Multipartite Graphs from Arbitrary Data (2012)

In this paper, we present a generic model for automatic generation of basic multi-partite graphs obtained from input data that are collections of complex objects composed by a set or list of heterogeneous elements. This generic model is the formal basis of a tool for automatic graph generation that we have developed. This tool automatically generates the basic multi-partite graph that represents the arbitrary data provided as input. Our tool provides an interface for the user to specify the nodes and edges that are relevant for the application domain in each case. Those nodes are obtained from the complex input objects by the application of simple extraction rules. The objective of this paper is to present the model to represent basic multi-partite graphs and the tool supporting it.
Implementation of NOR Gate by a Chaotic Chua's Circuit (2003)

We report the experimental implementation of the most fundamental NOR gate with a chaotic Chua's circuit by a simple threshold mechanism. This provides a proof-of-principle experiment to demonstrate the universal computing capability of chaotic circuits in continuous time systems.
Perinatal Mortality in Developing Countries (2005)

Each year, 10.7 million children under the age of five years die — 4 million during the first four weeks of life. Another 3.3 million are stillborn. Dr. Jelka Zupan discusses perinatal mortality in the less developed countries, which account for 98 percent of reported neonatal deaths and 97 percent of reported stillbirths.
SARS-CoV proteins decrease levels and activity of human ENaC via activation of distinct PKC isoforms (2008)

Among the multiple organ disorders caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), acute lung failure following atypical pneumonia is the most serious and often fatal event. We hypothesized that two of the hydrophilic structural coronoviral proteins (S and E) would regulate alveolar fluid clearance by decreasing the cell surface expression and activity of amiloride-sensitive epithelial sodium (Na(+)) channels (ENaC), the rate-limiting protein in transepithelial Na(+) vectorial transport across distal lung epithelial cells. Coexpression of either S or E protein with human alpha-, beta-, and gamma-ENaC in Xenopus oocytes led to significant decreases of both amiloride-sensitive Na(+) currents and gamma-ENaC protein levels at their plasma membranes. S and E proteins decreased the rate of ENaC exocytosis and either had no effect (S) or decreased (E) rates of endocytosis. No direct interactions among SARS-CoV E protein with either alpha- or gamma-ENaC were indentified. Instead, the downregulation of ENaC activity by SARS proteins was partially or completely restored by administration of inhibitors of PKCalpha/beta1 and PKCzeta. Consistent with the whole cell data, expression of S and E proteins decreased ENaC single-channel activity in oocytes, and these effects were partially abrogated by PKCalpha/beta1 inhibitors. Finally, transfection of human airway epithelial (H441) cells with SARS E protein decreased whole cell amiloride-sensitive currents. These findings indicate that lung edema in SARS infection may be due at least in part to activation of PKC by SARS proteins, leading to decreasing levels and activity of ENaC at the apical surfaces of lung epithelial cells.
Human MafG Is a Functional Partner for p45 NF-E2 in Activating Globin Gene Expression (1997)

Mammalian globin gene expression is activated through NF-E2 elements recognized by basic-leucine zipper proteins of the AP-1 superfamily. The specificity of NF-E2 DNA binding is determined by several nucleotides adjacent to a core AP-1 motif, comprising a recognition site for transcription factors of the Maf subfamily. Earlier work proposed that p18(MafK) forms a heterodimer with hematopoietic-specific protein p45 NF-E2 to activate transcription through NF-E2 sites. However, there was no direct evidence that p18(MafK) serves this function in vivo; in fact, mice lacking p18(MafK) have no phenotype. Here we describe a novel cDNA clone that encodes the human homolog of chicken MafG. Human MafG heterodimerizes with p45 NF-E2 and binds DNA with specificity identical to that of purified NF-E2 DNA binding activity. A tethered heterodimer of p45 and MafG is fully functional in supporting expression of alpha- and beta-globin, and in promoting erythroid differentiation in CB3, a p45-deficient mouse erythroleukemia cell line. These results indicate that human MafG can serve as a functional partner for p45 NF-E2, and suggest that the p45/MafG heterodimer plays a role in the regulation of erythropoiesis.
Lanthanide Chelates Containing Pyridine Units with Potential Application as Contrast Agents in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2004)

A new pyridine-containing ligand, N,N'-bis(6-carboxy-2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine-N,N'-diacetic acid (H(4)L), has been designed for the complexation of lanthanide ions. (1)H and (13)C NMR studies in D(2)O solutions show octadentate binding of the ligand to the Ln(III) ions through the nitrogen atoms of two amine groups, the oxygen atoms of four carboxylates, and the two nitrogen atoms of the pyridine rings. Luminescence measurements demonstrate that both Eu(III) and Tb(III) complexes are nine-coordinate, whereby a water molecule completes the Ln(III) coordination sphere. Ligand L can sensitize both the Eu(III) and Tb(III) luminescence; however, the quantum yields of the Eu(III)- and Tb(III)-centered luminescence remain modest. This is explained in terms of energy differences between the singlet and triplet states on the one hand, and between the 0-phonon transition of the triplet state and the excited metal ion states on the other. The anionic [Ln(L)(H2O)]- complexes (Ln=La, Pr, and Gd) were also characterized by theoretical calculations both in vacuo and in aqueous solution (PCM model) at the HF level by means of the 3-21G* basis set for the ligand atoms and a 46+4 f(n) effective core potential for the lanthanides. The structures obtained from these theoretical calculations are in very good agreement with the experimental solution structures, as demonstrated by paramagnetic NMR measurements (lanthanide-induced shifts and relaxation-rate enhancements). Data sets obtained from variable-temperature (17)O NMR at 7.05 T and variable-temperature (1)H nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion (NMRD) on the Gd(III) complex were fitted simultaneously to give insight into the parameters that govern the water (1)H relaxivity. The water exchange rate (k(298)(ex)=5.0 x 10(6) s(-1)) is slightly faster than in [Gd(dota)(H2O)]- (DOTA=1,4,7,10-tetrakis(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane). Fast rotation limits the relaxivity under the usual MRI conditions.
Adoptive Transfer of CD8 <sup>+</sup> T Cells Generated from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Triggers Regressions of Large Tumors Along with Immunological Memory (2016)

Current approaches to adoptive T cell therapy are limited by the difficulty of obtaining sufficient numbers of T cells against targeted antigens with useful in vivo characteristics. Theoretically, this limitation could be overcome by using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) that could provide an unlimited source of autologous T cells. However, the therapeutic efficacy of iPSC-derived regenerated T cells remains to be demonstrated. Here we report the first successful reprogramming of T-cell receptor (TCR) transgenic CD8(+) T cells into pluripotency. As part of the work, we established a syngeneic mouse model for evaluating in vitro and in vivo antitumor reactivity of regenerated T cells from iPSCs bearing a rearranged TCR of known antigen specificity. Stably TCR retained T cell-derived iPSCs differentiated into CD4(+)CD8(+) T cells that expressed CD3 and the desired TCR in vitro. Stimulation of iPSC-derived CD4(+)CD8(+) T cells with the cognate antigen in the presence of IL-7 and IL-15 followed by expansion with IL-2, IL-7 and IL-15 generated large numbers of less-differentiated CD8(+) T cells with antigen-specific potent cytokine production and cytolytic capacity. Furthermore, adoptively transferred iPSC-derived CD8(+) T cells escaped immune rejection, mediated effective regression of large tumors, improved survival, and established antigen-specific immunological memory. Our findings illustrate the translational potential of iPSCs to provide an unlimited number of phenotypically defined, functional, and expandable autologous antigen-specific T cells with the characteristics needed to enable in vivo effectiveness.