gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
&lt;title&gt;Bifunctional irrigation liquid as an ideal energy converter for laser lithotripsy with nanosecond laser pulses&lt;/title&gt; (1991)

The intracorporal lithotripsy of ureter stones using laser pulses with a duration of 8 to 20 ns is carried out by means of energy converters. These devices have the purpose to transform the optical energy of the laserlight into mechanical energy of shockwaves, which cause the intended stone fragmentation. Therefore this method is independent of any optical property of the stone. For the endoscopic lithotripsy a continuous flow of irrigation liquid must be supplied to ensure a clear field of view and to transport the small stone fragments out of the body. In the case of the method developed by us, a second function is appointed to this liquid: the energy conversion. In transparent liquids, conversion of the optical energy is done by the laser-induced breakdown (LIB), which produces mechanical shockwaves. To release such a LIB, the laserpulse intensity must exceed a certain threshold. To achieve a LIB in the liquid at the fiber exit there are two possibilities. First, the fiber exit is spherically shaped, which leads to a kind of focus between fiber and stone. Second, the threshold intensity of the liquid is lowered. This is performed by addition of minimal amounts of Fe+++-ions. To obtain a stable and physiologically applicable irrigation solution the Fe+++-ions were added to isotonic saline solution in form of a dextran complex.
Identification of ligand binding determinants of the prolactin receptor. (1992)

The prolactin (PRL) receptor, a lactogen- and primate somatogen-binding protein, is a member of an expanding superfamily (cytokine/growth hormone (GH)/PRL) of single membrane-spanning receptors. Two features commonly shared among this group of proteins are the presence of two pairs of cysteines, generally found in the N-terminal region of the extracellular domain, and a WSxWS (WS) motif, frequently located proximal to the transmembrane domain. We have recently shown the 4 cysteines to be critical to the maintenance of the structural and functional integrity of the PRL-receptor. In the present study, we prepared a set of eight chimeric rat PRL/human GH receptors and several alanine mutants, to assess the importance of the Cys-rich domain (residues 12-68) in confering specificity to PRL binding. The role of the WS motif in high affinity binding was also investigated. Binding of 125I-labeled ovine PRL or human GH to membrane preparations from COS-7 cells transiently expressing the mutant receptors have defined a region within the first disulfide loop (residues Arg13, Asp16, Glu18) and the set of lactogen-specific sequences between the two pairs of cysteines as key determinants of PRL-binding specificity, which converge to form a patch on a two-dimensional model of the PRL receptor. We also demonstrate that, although PRL- and GH-specific determinants overlap in certain areas, they are not identical. Finally, substitution of the WS motif with alanine residues precludes high affinity binding to ovine PRL and human GH and suggests that this structural element may provide a target site for the interaction of an accessory protein necessary for the formation of a high-affinity receptor complex.
Modification of Bovine β-Lactoglobulin by Glycation in a Powdered State or in an Aqueous Solution:  Effect on Association Behavior and Protein Conformation (1998)

The effect of glycation with lactose on the association behavior and conformational state of bovine beta-lactoglobulin (beta-LG) was studied, using size exclusion chromatography, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, proteolytic susceptibility, and binding of a fluorescent probe. Two modification treatments were used, i.e., aqueous solution glycation and dry-way glycation. The results showed that the latter treatment did not significantly alter the nativelike behavior of the protein while the former treatment led to important structural changes. These changes resulted in a specific denatured beta-LG monomer, which covalently associated via the free thiol group. The homodimers thus formed and the expanded monomers underwent subsequent aggregation into a high molecular weight species, via noncovalent interactions. The association behavior of glycated beta-LG is discussed with respect to the known multistep denaturation/aggregation process of nonmodified beta-LG.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Nanoscale Pigment Particles. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Programmed cell death during <i>Drosophila</i> embryogenesis (1993)

The deliberate and orderly removal of cells by programmed cell death is a common phenomenon during the development of metazoan animals. We have examined the distribution and ultrastructural appearance of cell deaths that occur during embryogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster. A large number of cells die during embryonic development in Drosophila. These cells display ultrastructural features that resemble apoptosis observed in vertebrate systems, including nuclear condensation, fragmentation and engulfment by macrophages. Programmed cell deaths can be rapidly and reliably visualized in living wild-type and mutant Drosophila embryos using the vital dyes acridine orange or nile blue. Acridine orange appears to selectively stain apoptotic forms of death in these preparations, since cells undergoing necrotic deaths were not significantly labelled. Likewise, toluidine blue staining of fixed tissues resulted in highly specific labelling of apoptotic cells, indicating that apoptosis leads to specific biochemical changes responsible for the selective affinity to these dyes. Cell death begins at stage 11 (approximately 7 hours) of embryogenesis and thereafter becomes widespread, affecting many different tissues and regions of the embryo. Although the distribution of dying cells changes drastically over time, the overall pattern of cell death is highly reproducible for any given developmental stage. Detailed analysis of cell death in the central nervous system of stage 16 embryos (13-16 hours) revealed asymmetries in the exact number and position of dying cells on either side of the midline, suggesting that the decision to die may not be strictly predetermined at this stage. This work provides the basis for further molecular genetic studies on the control and execution of programmed cell death in Drosophila.
DNA Microarrays for Analysis of Gene Expression. (1999)

Transformation of the prostatic epithelium is accompanied by changes in the expression of many genes, as reflected in altered steady-state levels of the mRNAs derived from them. The acquisition of androgen independence is likewise accompanied by changes in gene expression. Using DNA microarray technology, it is now possible to measure the levels of thousands of different mRNAs in a single hybridization step. This technique is particularly powerful for comparing gene expression in the same tissue under different environmental conditions; for example, comparing mRNA levels in malignant cells growing in the presence or absence of a hormone such as testosterone. Sufficient cDNA for hybridization to a microarray can be produced from as little as 1 mg of tissue. Coupled with DNA sequence information emerging from the Human Genome Project, this technique has the potential to rapidly identify genes that are differentially expressed in situations with direct relevance to prostate cancer. It is reasonably likely that diagnostic patterns of gene expression can be found for normal v benign proliferative malignant prostatic epithelium, androgen-dependent v androgen-independent tumors, and drug-sensitive v drug-resistant tumors. Once identified, informative cDNAs can be included in diagnostic microarrays with potential for clinical application.
On the Accuracy, Repeatability, and Degree of Influence of Kinematics Parameters for Industrial Robots (2002)

In this article, we discuss industrial robot characteristics of accuracy and repeatability. The factors that affect these characteristics are identified, and an error tree is developed. Subsequently, the accuracy and repeatability are investigated utilizing the Denavit-Hartenberg kinematics parameters, the homogeneous transformation matrix, and the differential transformation matrix theory, and corresponding measures' are developed. The formulation indicates that the influence matrices associated with joint variables axe constant. A new measure called degree of influence is established that qualitatively assesses .the relative contribution of each kinematic parameter variation to the accuracy and repeatability of rigid manipulators. The developed formulation provides for easy evaluation of the degree of influence measures for rigid manipulators in either numerical or symbolic form. A numerical example is included in which the degree of influence of the kinematics parameters for an articulated manipulator, PUMA 560. are evaluated and analysed.
Cell Ablation Reveals That Expression from the Phaseolin Promoter Is Confined to Embryogenesis and Microsporogenesis (1995)

Most previous studies of the [beta]-phaseolin (phas) gene, which encodes the major storage protein in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), have shown its expression to be rigorously confined to the developing seed, both in bean and transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Xanthi) plants. To confirm unequivocally the lack of phas expression in vegetative tissues, we placed the diphtheria toxin A-chain (DT-A) coding region under the control of [beta]-phaseolin promoter sequences. Tobacco plants transgenic for phas/DT-A were phenotypically normal until flowering, when they produced anthers that were externally normal but contained no viable pollen. Microscopic examination of immature anthers revealed a normal tapetum, but the pollen mother cells did not undergo meiosis and subsequently degenerated, resulting in male-sterile plants. This demonstration of phas expression during microsporogenesis was corroborated by the expression of [beta]-glucuronidase in pollen of plants transformed with comparable phas/uidA constructs. Although these findings suggested that similarities in phas expression may exist between seed and pollen maturation, no phas activity could be detected in bean pollen. After fertilization of the DT-A-transformed plants with pollen from wild-type tobacco, 50% of the resulting embryos aborted at the heart stage, defining this as the earliest time for phas expression during embryogenesis.
Antimicrobial polymers containing melamine derivatives. II. Biocidal polymers derived from 2‐vinyl‐4,6‐diamino‐1,3,5‐triazine (2005)

Abstract Poly(2‐vinyl‐4,6‐diamino‐1,3,5‐triazine) (PVDAT) and a series of poly(styrene‐ co ‐2‐vinyl‐4,6‐diamino‐1,3,5‐triazine) (PS‐ co ‐VDAT) copolymers were synthesized via conventional free‐radical polymerizations. The polymer structures were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared, NMR, and elemental analysis. The molecular weights were determined by gel permeation chromatography studies, and the thermal properties were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. After treatment with chlorine bleach, PVDAT and PS‐ co ‐VDAT provided potent antimicrobial functions against multidrug‐resistant Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria. The antimicrobial functions were durable for longer than 3 months and rechargeable for more than 50 times. The structure–property relationship of the polymers was further discussed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 4089–4098, 2005
Interactive Visualization of Small World Graphs (2005)

Many real world graphs have small world characteristics, that is, they have a small diameter compared to the number of nodes and exhibit a local cluster structure. Examples are social networks, software structures, bibliographic references and biological neural nets. Their high connectivity makes both finding a pleasing layout and a suitable clustering hard. In this paper we present a method to create scalable, interactive visualizations of small world graphs, allowing the user to inspect local clusters while maintaining a global overview of the entire structure. The visualization method uses a combination of both semantical and geometrical distortions, while the layout is generated by a spring embedder algorithm using recently developed force model. We use a cross referenced database of 500 artists as a running example
Flywheel Energy Storage System Description and Tests (2007)

This paper presents test results of a flywheel energy storage system (FESS) prototype. The bearing system is composed of a superconducting magnetic thrust bearing (SMB) and a permanent magnet bearing (PMB). The SMB was built with Nd-Fe-B magnet and YBCO superconducting blocks. The PMB has the function of positioning radially the switched reluctance machine (SRM) used as motor/generator and reduce the load over the SMB. The SRM drive is responsible to convert electrical into mechanical energy, and vice versa. The prototype still operates at low speeds, but the dynamical simulations of the SRM drive showed that the system can work at high speed, supplying the required energy during disturbances. In the tests performed with the FESS prototype, the system took or delivered energy from/to the grid when requested.
An overview of the Sequoia 2000 project (1995)

Abstract. This paper describes the objectives of the SEQUOIA 2000 project and the software development that is being done to achieve these objectives. In addition, several lessons relevant to Geographic Information Systems (GIS) that have have been learned from the project are explained. I.
Automating the Implementation of Analysis Concerns in Workflow Applications (2009)

In workflow management systems, analysis concerns related to monitoring, measurement, and control aim at identifying potential improvements of workflow applications. However, the specification of analysis concerns is done using a specific workflow language and engine, producing entangled code which is detrimental to their maintainability. The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, it presents briefly a domain-specific language to specify analysis concerns, independently of any workflow technology and in a modularized way. Second, it shows a strategy to assist developers to enhance a given workflow technology to support the automated implementation of analysis concerns into its workflow applications. Thus, given a workflow application and its analysis concerns, they are automatically integrated producing an enhanced executable workflow application.
Arsenic speciation in the environment (1989)

Further to the successful completion of our study that measured the arsenic and chromium levels on children s hands after playing in playgrounds, this study will extend to measure biomarkers of exposure. Chromium and arsenic speciation in saliva and urine samples from the participating children will be determined and will be used to assess children's overall exposure to arsenic and chromium.To address some concerns over arsenic in game meat and traditional foods of the First Nations, moose and deer meat as well as cattail plant samples collected from First Nations communities in Northern Alberta will be studied for arsenic speciation. The chromatographyand mass spectrometry techniques that have been developed during the previous period will be applied to the characterization and quantitation of arsenic species in these food samples. The skin and starchy tuber of cattail plants will be analyzed separately because ourpreliminary results have shown that elevated arsenic levels are found to be localized on the surface (skin) and fine roots of cattail. This separate analysis is important because it is the starchy tuber that is usually consumed. The speciation techniques will further be adapted and applied to studies of vanadium speciation in oilsands and processing by-products. Release of relatively high levels of vanadium from oilsands is a potential environmental concern that requires attention.
Biomimetic synthesis of catechol estrogens: potentially mutagenic arene oxide intermediates in estrogen metabolism (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBiomimetic synthesis of catechol estrogens: potentially mutagenic arene oxide intermediates in estrogen metabolismPhilip W. Le Quesne, Adhyam V. Durga, Vinayakam Subramanyam, Albert H. Soloway, Ronald W. Hart, and Robert H. PurdyCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1980, 23, 3, 239–240Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00177a005https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00177a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views113Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A unique gene organization for two cholinergic markers, choline acetyltransferase and a putative vesicular transporter of acetylcholine. (1994)

Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) is the biosynthetic enzyme of acetylcholine. In mammalian tissues, it is encoded by multiple mRNAs with different 5'-ends. This diversity results from the alternative usage of three promoters and from differential splicing events. Here, we show that the first intron of the rat ChAT gene contains an open reading frame that encodes a potential vesicular acetylcholine transporter based on the following criteria. (i) The encoded protein is structurally similar to transporter proteins, the highest identity being found with the vesicular acetylcholine transporters from Torpedo and Caenorhabditis elegans (77 and 56%, respectively, in 352 amino acids). (ii) The corresponding mRNAs exhibit a cholinergic expression profile. Amplification experiments with spinal cord cDNA revealed that at least three mRNAs encode this transporter. Two contain the same 5' non-coding region as two ChAT mRNAs and, therefore, are derived from the ChAT transcription unit by alternative splicing. The third mRNA may be transcribed from an additional internal promoter.
Analysis of Carbonate Dual Porosity Systems from Borehole Electrical Images (1996)

Abstract Many productive carbonates have dual porosity systems with widely varying proportions of primary and secondary porosity. The secondary porosity may contain vugs, molds and fractures. Most interpretation methods rely on traditional resistivity and porosity logs. These often fail to produce results consistent with production because of the complex nature of the dual-porosity carbonate. Borehole electrical images provide both the small-scale resolution and azimuthal borehole coverage to quantitatively resolve the heterogeneous nature of the porosity components. The primary assumption for this technique is that the resistivity data from the electrical images are measured in the flushed zone of the borehole. Then, the electrical images can be transformed into a porosity map of the borehole. Automated analysis of this porosity map, windowed over short intervals, provides a continuous output of the primary and secondary porosity components. This method has been applied to a variety of carbonate formations where conventional log analysis has usually failed. The predicted results compare accurately with the actual production.
Obsessive-compulsive spectrum of disorders: a defensible construct? (2006)

OBJECTIVE: To explore critically whether there is a robust basis for the concept of an obsessive–compulsive (OC) spectrum of disorders, and if so, which disorders should be included. METHOD: Selective literature review concentrating on three proposed members of the OC spectrum, namely body dysmorphic disorder, hypochondriasis and trichotillomania. RESULTS: Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) itself is a heterogeneous condition or group of conditions, and this needs to be appreciated in any articulation of a ‘spectrum’ of OC disorders. The basis for ‘membership’ of the spectrum is inconsistent and varied, with varying level of support for inclusion in the putative spectrum. CONCLUSION: A more fruitful approach may be to consider behaviours and dimensions in OCD and OC spectrum disorders, and that this should be encompassed in further developments of the OC spectrum model.
Designing with Geosynthetics (1986)

(NOTE: Each chapter begins with an Introduction and concludes with References and Problems.) 1. Overview of Geosynthetics. 2. Designing with Geotextiles. 3. Designing with Geogrids. 4. Designing with Geonets. 5. Designing with Geomembranes. 6. Geosynthetic Clay Liners. 7. Designing with Geopipes. 8. Designing with Geofoam. 9. Designing with Geocomposites. Index.