gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>Xwnt</i>-8b: a maternally expressed <i>Xenopus Wnt</i> gene with a potential role in establishing the dorsoventral axis (1995)

In amphibian embryos, establishment of dorsal-ventral asymmetry is believed to involve dorsal-ventral differences in vegetally derived mesoderm-inducing signals and/or differences in the competence of animal hemisphere (ectodermal) cells to respond to these signals. Previous studies have shown that certain Wnt proteins can generate an ectopic dorsal axis when misexpressed, and that they do so by modifying the response of ectodermal cells to inducers. None of these Wnt proteins are expressed at an appropriate time to do so in vivo. In this study, we describe the isolation and characterization of a full length cDNA for the Xenopus Wnt gene, Xwnt-8b, whose biological activity and expression pattern suggest that it may be involved in establishment of the dorsoventral axis. Both maternal and zygotic Xwnt-8b transcripts undergo alternative splicing to generate mRNAs which encode two different forms of Xwnt-8b protein. During early cleavage stages Xwnt-8b transcripts are confined primarily to animal hemisphere blastomeres, while zygotically derived Xwnt-8b transcripts are restricted almost exclusively to a band of cells in the prospective forebrain of neurula and tailbud stage embryos. Ectopically expressed Xwnt-8b can completely rescue dorsal development of embryos ventralized by exposure to ultraviolet light, and can induce a complete secondary axis in wild-type embryos. Axis induction is observed only if Xwnt-8b is supplied prior to the onset of zygotic gene transcription. This biological activity, together with the presence of maternal Xwnt-8b transcripts in cells that will be induced to form the dorsal mesoderm, is consistent with the possibility that Xwnt-8b may be the endogenous agent that establishes asymmetry in the response of ectodermal cells to mesoderm-inducing signals, thereby initiating dorsal development.
Transmission regimes of periodic nonlinear optical structures (2000)

We investigate the input-output transmission regimes of optical structures with periodic nonlinear index. By deriving an analytical model from the Maxwell equations, we analyze the physical processes responsible for multistable and stable behavior. The threshold condition that separates multistable and stable transmission regimes is found exactly within the underlying model. We also derive analytical expressions for the limiting transmitted intensity in the stable regime and for the transmittance in the multistable regime in terms of optical wavelength and material parameters.
Conflict free memory addressing for dedicated FFT hardware (1992)

A multibank memory address assignment for an arbitrary fixed radix fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm suitable for high-speed single-chip implementation is developed. The memory assignment is 'in place' to minimize memory size and is memory-bank conflict-free to allow simultaneous access to all the data needed for calculation of each of the radix r butterflies as they occur in the algorithm. Address generation for table lookup of twiddle factors is also included. The data and twiddle factor address generation hardware is shown to have small size and high speed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Optical sampling using nondegenerate four-wave mixingin asemiconductor laser amplifier (1994)

Picosecond optical sampling using nondegenerate four-wave mixing in a semiconductor laser amplifier (SLA) is demonstrated for the first time. High-peak-power pulses and electrical gating of the SLA produce an optical sampling signal with a high signal-to-noise ratio.
A differential SiGe power amplifier using through-silicon-via and envelope-tracking for broadband wireless applications (2014)

In this paper, a differential SiGe power amplifier (PA) is designed using a bipolar differential pair in a 0.35-μm SiGe BiCMOS technology with through-silicon-via (TSV). Measured using continuous wave (CW) and Long Term Evolution (LTE) modulated waveforms, significant gain expansion (3–5 dB) is observed. The PA reaches power-added-efficiency (PAE) of 61.7% / 51.2% / 40.0% at P <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">out</inf> = 25.6 / 25.4 / 25.7 dBm at supply voltages of Vcc = 2.8V / 3.3V / 4.2V, respectively, with 800 MHz CW input. With the help of the envelope-tracking (ET) technique, the measured PAE improves by 7.3% / 10.4% / 15.4% compared to the fixed supply PA at power back-off regions at P <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">out</inf> = 19.9 / 22.1 / 22.4 dBm, achieving PAE of 38.4% / 43.4% / 38.6% at 800 MHz for LTE 16QAM 5 MHz and passing the LTE spectrum emission mask (SEM) without predistortion. This SiGe ET-PA shows promise for operation as the medium power (MP) PA for efficiency enhancement in the back-off regions.
CSP: a novel system architecture for scalable internet and communication services (2001)

The boundary between the network edge and the front-end servers of the data center is blurring. Appliance vendors are flooding the market with new capabilities, while switch/router vendors scramble to add these services to their traditional transport services. The result of this competition is a set of ad-hoc technologies and capabilities to provide services at the network edge. This paper describes the Comm Services Platform (CSP); a system architecture for this new communication services tier of the data center. CSP enumerates a set of architectural components to provide scalable communication services built from standard building blocks that utilize emerging server, I/O and network technologies. The building blocks of CSP include a System Area Network, the Virtual Interface Architecture, programmable network processors, and standard high-density servers.
ADAM-10 and -17 regulate endometriotic cell migration via concerted ligand and receptor shedding feedback on kinase signaling (2013)

A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinases (ADAMs) are the principal enzymes for shedding receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ectodomains and ligands from the cell surface. Multiple layers of activity regulation, feedback, and catalytic promiscuity impede our understanding of context-dependent ADAM "sheddase" function and our ability to predictably target that function in disease. This study uses combined measurement and computational modeling to examine how various growth factor environments influence sheddase activity and cell migration in the invasive disease of endometriosis. We find that ADAM-10 and -17 dynamically integrate numerous signaling pathways to direct cell motility. Data-driven modeling reveals that induced cell migration is a quantitative function of positive feedback through EGF ligand release and negative feedback through RTK shedding. Although sheddase inhibition prevents autocrine ligand shedding and resultant EGF receptor transactivation, it also leads to an accumulation of phosphorylated receptors (HER2, HER4, and MET) on the cell surface, which subsequently enhances Jnk/p38 signaling. Jnk/p38 inhibition reduces cell migration by blocking sheddase activity while additionally preventing the compensatory signaling from accumulated RTKs. In contrast, Mek inhibition reduces ADAM-10 and -17 activities but fails to inhibit compensatory signaling from accumulated RTKs, which actually enhances cell motility in some contexts. Thus, here we present a sheddase-based mechanism of rapidly acquired resistance to Mek inhibition through reduced RTK shedding that can be overcome with rationally directed combination inhibitor treatment. We investigate the clinical relevance of these findings using targeted proteomics of peritoneal fluid from endometriosis patients and find growth-factor-driven ADAM-10 activity and MET shedding are jointly dysregulated with disease.
A reusable parts center [Technical forum] (1993)

During the creation and the establishment of the parts center, our group discovered what language features and what infrastructure were needed to enable the building and the distribution of reusable components. Many of the problems we had to solve were caused by the inadequate support of reuse through the language we initially used. Significant progress was achieved when object-oriented languages like C++, which support reuse inherently, became available. Our experience showed that it is not enough to use an object-oriented language to make reuse happen, but high-quality class libraries are essential to get the desired productivity improvements.
Structure of the human interleukin 2 gene. (1983)

We have cloned two species of EcoRI-cleaved DNA segments that together cover the entire sequence for the human interleukin 2 gene and have determined the nucleotide sequence of the gene and its flanking regions. The gene contains three introns and the exon sequences can be aligned with the previously reported cDNA sequence almost perfectly except for a few nucleotides in the 3' nontranslated region. The promoter region contains a prototype "TATA" sequence as well as a notable palindromic sequence. Particularly interesting is the presence of sequences in this region that are homologous to the promoter region of the human interferon-gamma gene. In addition, a sequence that closely resembles the core sequence for the viral enhancer elements has been found in the second intron. Such sequences may play a role in the expression of the interleukin 2 gene in lectin- or antigen-stimulated T lymphocytes.
Reflecting on open-ended evolution (2011)

We describe a computationally reflective object-oriented architecture suitable for incorporating open-ended innovation and emergent entities into simulations. This allows emergent properties to be reified into objects. This requires modifying the model, and the metamodel, by incorporating novel classes and metaclasses dynamically. The classes and metaclasses are modified by including them in the model through reflection. We argue that such computationally reflective introduction of novelty is necessary for true open-ended simulations.
Microwave Diffraction Tomography for Biomedical Applications (1982)

This short paper points out the realizability of a method suitable for quasi real-time coherent microwave tomography for biomedical applications.
Increase in the advanced glycation end product pentosidine in Bruch's membrane with age. (1999)

We provide biochemical and immunohistochemical evidence for the formation of pentosidine and CML structures in human Bruch's membrane and choroid with age. These changes could promote aging of the RPE-Bruch's membrane-choroid complex.
The Molecular Requirements for Cytokinesis (2005)

After anaphase onset, animal cells build an actomyosin contractile ring that constricts the plasma membrane to generate two daughter cells connected by a cytoplasmic bridge. The bridge is ultimately severed to complete cytokinesis. Myriad techniques have been used to identify proteins that participate in cytokinesis in vertebrates, insects, and nematodes. A conserved core of about 20 proteins are individually involved with cytokinesis in most animal cells. These components are found in the contractile ring, on the central spindle, within the RhoA pathway, and on vesicles that expand the membrane and sever the bridge. Cytokinesis involves additional proteins, but they, or their requirement in cytokinesis, are not conserved among animal cells.
Grundlagen der Bilddaten-Verarbeitung (1992)

Wie vieles in der Welt der Computer hat auch die Computergrafik eine besondere Ordnung, die eine automatische Organisation durch die Elektronik ermöglicht.
Antiviral activity of sodium 5-aminosulfonyl-2,4-dichlorobenzoate (M12325) (1982)

Sodium 5-aminosulfonyl-2,4-dichlorobenzoate (M12325) was evaluated for antiviral activity in tissue culture and infected mice. At concentrations ranging from 2.5 to 75.8 micrograms/ml, M12325 inhibited the cytopathic effects of 10 mean tissue culture infective doses of influenza virus A/WSN, A/FM, A/Kumamoto, and B/Great Lakes; parainfluenza virus; rhinovirus; echovirus; respiratory syncytial virus; and vesicular stomatitis virus. Concentrations up to 150 micrograms/ml did not inhibit the cytopathic effects of herpes simplex virus, vaccinia virus, or adenovirus. Concentrations up to 3,160 micrograms/ml did not inhibit the growth of MDCK, Vero, or HEL cells in culture. Single oral doses of M12325, ranging from 10 to 300 mg/kg, administered 1 h before and 1 h after challenge, reduced mortality in mice inoculated intranasally with influenza A/WSN virus. Twice daily oral doses for 14 days effected significant reductions in the mortality of mice infected intranasally with influenza A/WSN, A/FM, A/Kumamoto, and B/Great Lakes, and parainfluenza virus, but they were not effective in mice infected with herpes simplex virus. Multiple doses of 10 and 30 mg/kg, administered intraperitoneally, reduced lung consolidation and virus titer. M12325 was well tolerated in multiple doses up to 1 g/kg orally. These observations support the conclusions that M12325 has a broad spectrum of activity against RNA viruses in vitro and in vivo, selective toxicity, and a large margin of safety.
Nonvolatile hydrogenated-amorphous-silicon thin-film-transistor memory devices (2006)

The floating gate n-channel amorphous-silicon thin-film transistor nonvolatile memory device, which includes an a-Si:H layer embedded in the SiNx gate dielectric layer, has been prepared and studied. The transistor’s hysteresis of transfer characteristic curves has been used to demonstrate its memory function. A steady threshold voltage change between the “0” and “1” states has been achieved. A large charge retention time of &amp;gt;3600s with the “write” and “erase” gap of 0.5V has been detected. This kind of device brings additional functions to the a-Si:H thin-film transistors, which can expand its application into various areas.
A multipoint communication service for interactive applications (1991)

The multipoint communication layer (MCL) is a generic multipoint communication service designed to support highly interactive multimedia conferencing applications. It supports full-duplex multipoint communication between an arbitrary number of connected locations over a variety of networks. MCL design was driven by the demanding real-time multipoint communication requirements of MICA (multimedia interactive conferencing application). The authors establish the context for MCL by considering MICA's communication requirements and reviewing related work in the area of multipoint communication. They present the overall design of the MCL service and describe its communication primitives, protocol message structures, and implementation. Comparison is made with alternative strategies and the use of MCL services for other applications is examined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
An inexpensive medium for production of arachidonic acid by Mortierella alpina (2003)

The production of arachidonic acid was studied in the fungus Mortierella alpina using an inexpensive medium. Glucose derived from maize starch hydrolysate was the sole carbon source and defatted soybean meal and sodium nitrate were the nitrogen sources. Optimal arachidonic acid yield (1.47 g l(-1)) was observed at a glucose concentration of 100 g l(-1). Various treatments of defatted soybean meal to extract soluble nitrogen nutrients were evaluated. Alkali extract was the most effective for arachidonic acid production. A mixture of soybean alkali-extract protein and sodium nitrate was an excellent nitrogen source for fungal growth, lipid accumulation, and arachidonic acid production. A maximum yield of 1.87 g arachidonic acid l(-1) was obtained with a soybean protein concentration of 4.6 g l(-1) and a sodium nitrate concentration of 2.3 g l(-1).
L‐3,4‐Dihydroxyphenylalanine Synthesis by Genetically Modified Schwann Cells (1991)

We have investigated whether Schwann cells can be modified by gene transfer to synthesize L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA), the immediate precursor in the formation of dopamine. By using a retrovirus containing a rat tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) cDNA, we established an immortalized rodent Schwann cell line that stably expressed high levels of TH and secreted L-DOPA in vitro when supplied with tyrosine and the essential cofactor biopterin. We also infected primary Schwann cells and demonstrated that cells expressing TH secreted L-DOPA while maintaining their capacity to myelinate neurons in vitro. This study indicate that it may be feasible to utilize autotransplantation of genetically modified Schwann cells to alleviate the movement disorders in Parkinson's disease.
The Discovery of Polo-Like Kinase 4 Inhibitors: Identification of (1<i>R</i>,2<i>S</i>)-2-(3-((<i>E</i>)-4-(((<i>cis</i>)-2,6-Dimethylmorpholino)methyl)styryl)-1<i>H</i>-indazol-6-yl)-5′-methoxyspiro[cyclopropane-1,3′-indolin]-2′-one (CFI-400945) as a Potent, Orally Active Antitumor Agent (2014)

Polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4), a unique member of the polo-like kinase family of serine-threonine kinases, is a master regulator of centriole duplication that is important for maintaining genome integrity. Overexpression of PLK4 is found in several human cancers and is linked with a predisposition to tumorigenesis. Previous efforts to identify potent and efficacious PLK4 inhibitors resulted in the discovery of (E)-3-((1H-indazol-6-yl)methylene)indolin-2-ones, which are superseded by the bioisosteric 2-(1H-indazol-6-yl)spiro[cyclopropane-1,3′-indolin]-2′-ones reported herein. Optimization of this new cyclopropane-linked series was based on a computational model of a PLK4 X-ray structure and SAR attained from the analogous alkenelinked series. The racemic cyclopropane-linked compounds showed PLK4 affinity and antiproliferative activity comparable to their alkene-linked congeners with improved hysicochemical, ADME, and pharmacokinetic properties. Positive xenograft results from the MDA-MB-468 human breast cancer xenograft model for compound 18 support the investigation of PLK4 inhibitors as anticancer therapeutics. A PLK4 X-ray co-structure with racemate 18 revealed preferential binding of the 1R,2S enantiomer to the PLK4 kinase domain.
[Anti-arrhythmic effect of adaptative activation of the vagus nerve system and a new synthetic acetylcholine analog]. (1990)

A higher vagal tone or its stimulation under certain conditions is known to increase the threshold of cardiac fibrillation and even to arrest developing arrhythmias. This effect is usually evaluated as a result of limiting the excessive adrenergic effect on the heart, which is observed in stress and ischemia. The following two facts have been first identified: 1) adaptation to moderate continuous stress may induce tonic excitation of parasympathetic regulation of the heart and enhance its resistance to ischemic and reperfusion arrhythmias; 2) this antiarrhythmic effect is completely reproducible by the recently synthesized acetylcholine analogue EDIHYP, ethyl-3/2-ethyl-2,2-dimethylhydrazinium/propionate iodate.
Overhauser enhanced magnetic resonance imaging for tumor oximetry: Coregistration of tumor anatomy and tissue oxygen concentration (2002)

An efficient noninvasive method for in vivo imaging of tumor oxygenation by using a low-field magnetic resonance scanner and a paramagnetic contrast agent is described. The methodology is based on Overhauser enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (OMRI), a functional imaging technique. OMRI experiments were performed on tumor-bearing mice (squamous cell carcinoma) by i.v. administration of the contrast agent Oxo63 (a highly derivatized triarylmethyl radical) at nontoxic doses in the range of 2-7 mmol/kg either as a bolus or as a continuous infusion. Spatially resolved pO(2) (oxygen concentration) images from OMRI experiments of tumor-bearing mice exhibited heterogeneous oxygenation profiles and revealed regions of hypoxia in tumors (<10 mmHg; 1 mmHg = 133 Pa). Oxygenation of tumors was enhanced on carbogen (95% O(2)/5% CO(2)) inhalation. The pO(2) measurements from OMRI were found to be in agreement with those obtained by independent polarographic measurements using a pO(2) Eppendorf electrode. This work illustrates that anatomically coregistered pO(2) maps of tumors can be readily obtained by combining the good anatomical resolution of water proton-based MRI, and the superior pO(2) sensitivity of EPR. OMRI affords the opportunity to perform noninvasive and repeated pO(2) measurements of the same animal with useful spatial (approximately 1 mm) and temporal (2 min) resolution, making this method a powerful imaging modality for small animal research to understand tumor physiology and potentially for human applications.
Central Sleep Apnea Detection Using an Accelerometer (2018)

Central sleep apnea (CSA) is a serious condition most commonly seen in patients with heart failure (heart failure refers to the inability of the heart to adequately pump blood and oxygen around the body, often caused by enlarged, stiffened and damaged heart chambers). 30-80% of patients with heart failure have central sleep apnea. Therefore, many attempts have been made to produce a monitoring system for automatic Central Sleep Apnea scoring to reduce clinical efforts. This paper describes a method for detection of Central Sleep Apnea using signals obtained from an accelerometer sensor placed on the patient's chest and a Multilayer Perceptron network (MLP). Results show that a minute-by-minute classification accuracy of over 84% is achievable.
Activated endothelial cells elicit paracrine induction of epithelial chloride secretion. 6-Keto-PGF1alpha is an epithelial secretagogue. (1998)

Endothelial cells play a central role in the coordination of the inflammatory response. In mucosal tissue, such as the lung and intestine, endothelia are anatomically positioned in close proximity to epithelia, providing the potential for cell-cell crosstalk. Thus, in this study endothelial-epithelial biochemical crosstalk pathways were studied using a human intestinal crypt cell line (T84) grown in noncontact coculture with human umbilical vein endothelia. Exposure of such cocultures to endothelial-specific agonists (LPS) resulted in activation of epithelial electrogenic Cl- secretion and vectorial fluid transport. Subsequent experiments revealed that in response to diverse stimuli (LPS, IL-1alpha, TNF-alpha, hypoxia), endothelia produce and secrete a small, stable epithelial secretagogue into conditioned media supernatants. Further experiments identified this secretagogue as 6-keto-PGF1alpha, a stable hydrolysis product of prostacyclin (PGI2). Results obtained with synthetic prostanoids indicated that 6-keto-PGF1alpha (EC50 = 80 nM) and PGI2 stable analogues (EC50 = 280 nM) activate the same basolaterally polarized, Ca2+-coupled epithelial receptor. In summary, these findings reveal a previously unappreciated 6-keto-PGF1alpha receptor on intestinal epithelia, the ligation of which results in activation of electrogenic Cl- secretion. In addition, these data reveal a novel action for the prostacyclin hydrolysis product 6-keto-PGF1alpha and provide a potential endothelial- epithelial crosstalk pathway in mucosal tissue.