gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Discovery of a Novel Class of Highly Potent, Selective, ATP-Competitive, and Orally Bioavailable Inhibitors of the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) (2013)

A series of novel, highly potent, selective, and ATP-competitive mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors based on a benzoxazepine scaffold have been identified. Lead optimization resulted in the discovery of inhibitors with low nanomolar activity and greater than 1000-fold selectivity over the closely related PI3K kinases. Compound 28 (XL388) inhibited cellular phosphorylation of mTOR complex 1 (p-p70S6K, pS6, and p-4E-BP1) and mTOR complex 2 (pAKT (S473)) substrates. Furthermore, this compound displayed good pharmacokinetics and oral exposure in multiple species with moderate bioavailability. Oral administration of compound 28 to athymic nude mice implanted with human tumor xenografts afforded significant and dose-dependent antitumor activity.
Abolition of the Tapetum Suicide Program Ruins Microsporogenesis (2006)

Microsporogenesis in angiosperms takes places within the anther. Microspores are surrounded by a layer of cells, the tapetum, which degenerates during the later stages of pollen development with cytological features characteristic of programmed cell death (PCD). We report herein that the expression of AtBI-1, which suppresses Bax-induced cell death, in the tapetum at the tetrad stage inhibits tapetum degeneration and subsequently results in pollen abortion, while activation of AtBI-1 at the later stage does not. Our results demonstrate that the PCD signal commences at the tetrad stage and that the proper timing of PCD in the tapetum is essential for normal microsporogenesis.
The Differential Hormone-dependent Transcriptional Activation of Thyroid Hormone Receptor Isoforms Is Mediated by Interplay of Their Domains (1997)

Human thyroid hormone nuclear receptor isoforms (TRalpha1 and TRbeta1) express differentially in a tissue-specific and development-dependent manner. It is unclear whether these two isoforms have differential functions. We analyzed their interaction with a thyroid hormone response element with half-site binding motifs arranged in an everted repeat separated by six nucleotides (F2). Despite extensive sequence homologies, the two isoforms bound to F2 with different affinities and ratios of homodimer/monomer. Using F2-containing reporter gene, we found that the transcriptional activity of TRbeta1 was approximately 6-fold higher than that of TRalpha1. The lower activity of TRalpha1 was not due to differences in expression of the two isoforms because similar nuclear localization patterns were observed. To understand the structural determinants responsible for these differences, we constructed chimeric receptors in which hinge regions (domain D), hormone binding domains (domain E), and domains (D + E) were sequentially interchanged and their activities were compared. Chimeric TRs containing the domains D, E or (D + E) of TRbeta1 showed increased propensities to form homodimers and mediated higher transactivation activities than TRalpha1. Thus, differential transactivation activities of TR isoforms are mediated by interplay of their domains and could serve as an important regulatory mechanism to achieve diversity and specificity of pleiotropic T3 effect.
Stereospecific Synthesis of Some New Z- and E-Cyclopropyl Benzyl Sulfones and E,Z- and E,E-Bis(Cyclopropyl)Sulfones by Ptc Method (1994)

Abstract The title compounds, Z- and E-(2-aryl-3-arylsulfonylcyclopropyl)benzyl sulfones (V & VI) and E,Z- and E,E-bis(2-aryl-3-arylsulfonylcyclopropyl) sulfones (XI & XII) have been prepared by the reaction of aryl thiocarbenes with Z- and E-styryl benzyl sulfones (I & II) and E,Z- and E,E-bis(styryl) sulfones (VII & VIII) under phase transfer conditions. The geometry of the substrates was found to be retained in the product formation as is evidenced by the PMR spectra, thus, confirming the stereospecificity of the reaction. The bioactive nature of the newly synthesized compounds was assayed.
Multiple Ionization Mass Spectrometry Strategy Used To Reveal the Complexity of Metabolomics (2007)

A multiple ionization mass spectrometry strategy is presented based on the analysis of human serum extracts. Chromatographic separation was interfaced inline with the atmospheric pressure ionization techniques electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) in both positive (+) and negative (-) ionization modes. Furthermore, surface-based matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) and desorption ionization on silicon (DIOS) mass spectrometry were also integrated with the separation through fraction collection and offline mass spectrometry. Processing of raw data using the XCMS software resulted in time-aligned ion features, which are defined as a unique m/z at a unique retention time. The ion feature lists obtained through LC-MS with ESI and APCI interfaces in both +/- ionization modes were compared, and unique ion tables were generated. Nonredundant, unique ion features, were defined as mass numbers for which no mass numbers corresponding to [M + H](+), [M - H](-), or [M + Na](+) were observed in the other ionization methods at the same retention time. Analysis of the extracted serum using ESI for both (+) and (-) ions resulted in >90% additional unique ions being detected in the (-) ESI mode. Complementing the ESI analysis with APCI resulted in an additional approximately 20% increase in unique ions. Finally, ESI/APCI ionization was combined with fraction collection and offline-MALDI and DIOS mass spectrometry. The parts of the total ion current chromatograms in the LC-MS acquired data corresponding to collected fractions were summed, and m/z lists were compiled and compared to the m/z lists obtained from the DIOS/MALDI spectra. It was observed that, for each fraction, DIOS accounted for approximately 50% of the unique ions detected. These results suggest that true global metabolomics will require multiple ionization technologies to address the inherent metabolite diversity and therefore the complexity in and of metabolomics studies.
Complete biological reductive transformation of tetrachloroethene to ethane (1992)

Reductive dechlorination of tetrachloroethene (perchloroethylene; PCE) was observed at 20 degrees C in a fixed-bed column, filled with a mixture (3:1) of anaerobic sediment from the Rhine river and anaerobic granular sludge. In the presence of lactate (1 mM) as an electron donor, 9 microM PCE was dechlorinated to ethene. Ethene was further reduced to ethane. Mass balances demonstrated an almost complete conversion (95 to 98%), with no chlorinated compounds remaining (less than 0.5 micrograms/liter). When the temperature was lowered to 10 degrees C, an adaptation of 2 weeks was necessary to obtain the same performance as at 20 degrees C. Dechlorination by column material to ethene, followed by a slow ethane production, could also be achieved in batch cultures. Ethane was not formed in the presence of bromoethanesulfonic acid, an inhibitor of methanogenesis. The high dechlorination rate (3.7 mumol.l-1.h-1), even at low temperatures and considerable PCE concentrations, together with the absence of chlorinated end products, makes reductive dechlorination an attractive method for removal of PCE in bioremediation processes.
Carbon capture and conversion using metal–organic frameworks and MOF-based materials (2019)

Rapidly increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations threaten human society, the natural environment, and the synergy between the two. In order to ameliorate the CO2 problem, carbon capture and conversion techniques have been proposed. Metal-organic framework (MOF)-based materials, a relatively new class of porous materials with unique structural features, high surface areas, chemical tunability and stability, have been extensively studied with respect to their applicability to such techniques. Recently, it has become apparent that the CO2 capture capabilities of MOF-based materials significantly boost their potential toward CO2 conversion. Furthermore, MOF-based materials' well-defined structures greatly facilitate the understanding of structure-property relationships and their roles in CO2 capture and conversion. In this review, we provide a comprehensive account of significant progress in the design and synthesis of MOF-based materials, including MOFs, MOF composites and MOF derivatives, and their application to carbon capture and conversion. Special emphases on the relationships between CO2 capture capacities of MOF-based materials and their catalytic CO2 conversion performances are discussed.
Low High-Sensitivity Troponin I Level Accurate in Identifying Patients at Low Risk of Cardiac Events. (2016)

The highest quality studies, which are now fairly plentiful, show that hyaluronic acid injections are only minimally better than sham injections in improving pain and function in patients with knee DJD.
Role for the stem cell factor/KIT complex in schwann cell neoplasia and mast cell proliferation associated with neurofibromatosis (1994)

Schwann cells are the primary cell type in the disfiguring lesions associated with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1). These lesions also contain abnormally high numbers of mast cells, a cell type which develops in response to stem cell factor. We report here that neonatal and adult rat and human Schwann cells, as well as a transfected rat Schwann cell line and a human Schwannoma line derived from an NF-1 patient, all produced stem cell factor mRNA and protein. In coculture experiments, surface expression of stem cell factor by neonatal rat Schwann cells was profoundly downregulated by contact with dorsal root ganglion neurites. The receptor for stem cell factor, KIT, was not expressed in normal Schwann cells but was expressed in the human Schwannoma line, suggesting that aberrant KIT expression may form an autocrine loop in certain Schwann cell neoplasias.
Case series reporting the effectiveness of mycophenolate mofetil in treatment-resistant asthma (2013)

To the Editor:
The Intramolecular Heck Reaction (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Comparative Study of Tear Evaporation Rates and Water Content of Soft Contact Lenses (1983)

Tear evaporation rates were measured by resistance hygrometry in a group of five subjects wearing soft contact lenses ranging in initial water content from 38 to 70%. The water content of the lenses before and after wear was measured by a "wet blot weighing" technique using a chemical balance. The placing of all types of soft lenses on the eye disrupts the tear film sufficiently to produce significant increases in evaporation. This increase in tear evaporation was not found to be related to the initial water content of the soft lens. Water lost by dehydration of the lens material made a relatively minor contribution to the increase in evaporation from the eye during lens wear.
Optical fiber cables for residential and business premises (1998)

This paper describes a new drop cable, a new cluster-type drop cable for residential premises, a new indoor cable, a new termination cable and a new riser cable for fiber distribution in residential and business premises. The structural design of these cables is investigated and the optimum structures for cost reduction of cable and installation are obtained. Based on the results, these cables are manufactured and their transmission and mechanical characteristics are confirmed to be stable.
PEGylated Nanographene Oxide for Delivery of Water-Insoluble Cancer Drugs (2008)

It is known that many potent, often aromatic drugs are water insoluble, which has hampered their use for disease treatment. In this work, we functionalized nanographene oxide (NGO), a novel graphitic material, with branched polyethylene glycol (PEG) to obtain a biocompatible NGO-PEG conjugate stable in various biological solutions, and used them for attaching hydrophobic aromatic molecules including a camptothecin (CPT) analogue, SN38, noncovalently via pi-pi stacking. The resulting NGO-PEG-SN38 complex exhibited excellent water solubility while maintaining its high cancer cell killing potency similar to that of the free SN38 molecules in organic solvents. The efficacy of NGO-PEG-SN38 was far higher than that of irinotecan (CPT-11), a FDA-approved water soluble SN38 prodrug used for the treatment of colon cancer. Our results showed that graphene is a novel class of material promising for biological applications including future in vivo cancer treatment with various aromatic, low-solubility drugs.
Computing Persistent Homology of Directed Flag Complexes (2020)

We present a new computing package Flagser, designed to construct the directed flag complex of a finite directed graph, and compute persistent homology for flexibly defined filtrations on the graph and the resulting complex. The persistent homology computation part of Flagser is based on the program Ripser by U. Bauer, but is optimised specifically for large computations. The construction of the directed flag complex is done in a way that allows easy parallelisation by arbitrarily many cores. Flagser also has the option of working with undirected graphs. For homology computations Flagser has an approximate option, which shortens compute time with remarkable accuracy. We demonstrate the power of Flagser by applying it to the construction of the directed flag complex of digital reconstructions of brain microcircuitry by the Blue Brain Project and several other examples. In some instances we perform computation of homology. For a more complete performance analysis, we also apply Flagser to some other data collections. In all cases the hardware used in the computation, the use of memory and the compute time are recorded.
Solving home automation problems using artificial intelligence techniques (1991)

The author describes how existing artificial intelligence techniques are directly applicable to solving the human interface problem of home automation products even when the 'system intelligence' is widely distributed among different products sharing a common home network. It is pointed out that home automation products can use techniques from all areas of artificial intelligence: language processing, expert systems, pattern recognition, and learning.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
An empirical model to predict the UV‐index based on solar zenith angles and total ozone (2004)

Abstract The clear sky UV‐index is expressed as a function of two predictable quantities: the solar zenith angle and total ozone. This function is derived by fitting the measurements of total ozone and the UV‐index obtained from two instruments, one in the mid‐latitudes and one in the tropics. The shape of the function was chosen so that it represents the essentials of the underlying physics. This new function gives good results for all solar zenith angles between 0 ° and 90 ° and a wide range of total ozone values. Copyright © 2004 Royal Meteorological Society.
Direct Optimization of Ranking Measures (2007)

Web page ranking and collaborative filtering require the optimization of sophisticated performance measures. Current Support Vector approaches are unable to optimize them directly and focus on pairwise comparisons instead. We present a new approach which allows direct optimization of the relevant loss functions. This is achieved via structured estimation in Hilbert spaces. It is most related to Max-Margin-Markov networks optimization of multivariate performance measures. Key to our approach is that during training the ranking problem can be viewed as a linear assignment problem, which can be solved by the Hungarian Marriage algorithm. At test time, a sort operation is sufficient, as our algorithm assigns a relevance score to every (document, query) pair. Experiments show that the our algorithm is fast and that it works very well.
Methods for the transcervical collection of fetal cells during the first trimester of pregnancy (1995)

Before termination of pregnancy, four techniques for retrieving fetal cells transcervically were investigated: uterine lavage, endocervical lavage, cytobrush and mucus aspiration. The yield of fetal cells in these samples was studied and found to be somewhat better after uterine lavage. A preliminary assessment of the safety of mucus aspiration was carried out before transcervical chorionic villus sampling (CVS) in continuing pregnancies. No difference in outcome to a control group having only CVS was found.
Regular star polymers with 64 and 128 arms. Models for polymeric micelles (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRegular star polymers with 64 and 128 arms. Models for polymeric micellesJacques Roovers, Lin Lin Zhou, Paul M. Toporowski, Mark van der Zwan, Hermes Iatrou, and Nikos HadjichristidisCite this: Macromolecules 1993, 26, 16, 4324–4331Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00068a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00068a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1280Altmetric-Citations354LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Continuous-Time Visual-Inertial Odometry for Event Cameras (2019)

Event cameras are bio-inspired vision sensors that output pixel-level brightness changes instead of standard intensity frames. They offer significant advantages over standard cameras, namely a very high dynamic range, no motion blur, and a latency in the order of microseconds. However, due to the fundamentally different structure of the sensor’s output, new algorithms that exploit the high temporal resolution and the asynchronous nature of the sensor are required. Recent work has shown that a continuous-time representation of the event camera pose can deal with the high temporal resolution and asynchronous nature of this sensor in a principled way. In this paper, we leverage such a continuous-time representation to perform visual-inertial odometry with an event camera. This representation allows direct integration of the asynchronous events with micro-second accuracy and the inertial measurements at high frequency. The event camera trajectory is approximated by a smooth curve in the space of rigid-body motions using cubic splines. This formulation significantly reduces the number of variables in trajectory estimation problems. We evaluate our method on real data from several scenes and compare the results against ground truth from a motion-capture system. We show that our method provides improved accuracy over the result of a state-of-the-art visual odometry method for event cameras. We also show that both the map orientation and scale can be recovered accurately by fusing events and inertial data. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work on visual-inertial fusion with event cameras using a continuous-time framework.
Optimized assignment of developers for fixing bugs an initial evaluation for eclipse projects (2009)

Decisions on ldquoWho should fix this bugrdquo have substantial impact on the duration of the process and its results. In this paper, optimized strategies for the assignment of the ldquorightrdquo developers for doing the ldquorightrdquo task are studied and the results are compared to manual (called ad hoc) assignment. The quality of assignment is measured by the match between requested (from bugs) and available (from developers) competence profile. Different variants of Greedy search with varying parameter of look-ahead time are studied. The quality of the results has been evaluated for nine milestones of the open source Eclipse JDT project. The optimized strategies with largest look ahead time are demonstrated to be substantially better than the ad hoc solutions in terms of the quality of the assignment and the number of bugs which can be fixed within the given time interval.
Vehicle self-localization with high-precision digital maps (2013)

Cooperative driver assistance functions benefit from sharing information on the local environments of individual road users by means of communication technology and advanced sensor data fusion methods. However, the consistent integration of environment models as well as the subsequent interpretation of traffic situations impose high requirements on the self-localization accuracy of vehicles. This paper presents methods and models for a map-based vehicle self-localization approach. Basically, information from the vehicular environment perception (using a monocular camera and laser scanner) is associated with data of a high-precision digital map in order to deduce the vehicle's position. Within the Monte-Carlo localization approach, the association of road markings is reduced to a prototype fitting problem which can be solved efficiently due to a map model based on smooth arc splines. Experiments on a rural road show that the localization approach reaches a global positioning accuracy in both lateral and longitudinal direction significantly below one meter and an orientation accuracy below one degree even at a speed up to 100 km/h in real-time.
Aortography Utilizing Percutaneous Left Ventricular Puncture (1957)

As more cardiac and great-vessel diseases are being surgically attacked, the need for accurate anatomical diagnosis becomes mandatory. While the classical history and physical examination remain the most important diagnostic tools available, they are frequently unable to give the high degree of anatomical exactness demanded by surgical intervention in central cardiovascular disease. Roentgenographic visualization of the contrast-filled heart and great vessels has proved to be one of the most useful of the special diagnostic procedures. Many methods have been described for arteriographic visualization of the aortic arch and its branches. In general, these methods may be divided into three groups: (1) angiocardiography, in which the dye passes through the heart and then into the aorta,<sup>10</sup>with its modifications of right atrial catheterization<sup>23</sup>and release of dye from an intra-atrial bulb<sup>9</sup>; (2) retrograde arterial catheterization via the carotid,<sup>5</sup>the brachial,<sup>1</sup>the radial,<sup>14</sup>or the femoral
Simulation software for communications networks: the state of the art (1994)

In the last five to ten years, simulation has been used with greater frequency to analyze communications networks, due in part to the increased number of networks in existence and to their greater complexity. The authors define the types of simulation software that are available for network analyses and also discuss desirable features for such products. They then present brief descriptions of seven prominent simulation products, emphasizing their approach to building a simulation model. They also give a four-activity approach for selecting a simulation package for an organization or a particular application. A general reference for the simulation concepts discussed in this article is Law and Kelton (1991).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>