gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cloning of the human kidney PAH transporter: narrow substrate specificity and regulation by protein kinase C (1999)

Conserved from fish to mammals, renal proximal tubule organic anion secretion plays an important role in drug and xenobiotic elimination. Studies with the model substrate p-aminohippurate (PAH) have suggested that a basolateral PAH/alpha-ketoglutarate exchanger imports diverse organic substrates into the proximal tubule prior to apical secretion. cDNAs encoding PAH transporters have been cloned recently from rat and flounder. Here we report the cloning of a highly similar human PAH transporter (hPAHT) from human kidney. By Northern blot analysis and EST database searching, hPAHT mRNA was detected in kidney and brain. PCR-based monochromosomal somatic cell hybrid mapping placed the hPAHT gene on chromosome 11. When expressed transiently in vitro, hPAHT catalyzed time-dependent and saturable [3H]PAH uptake (Km of approximately 5 microM). Preincubation with unlabeled alpha-ketoglutaric or with glutaric acid stimulated tracer PAH uptake, and preincubation with unlabeled PAH stimulated tracer alpha-ketoglutarate uptake, results that are consistent with PAH/alpha-ketoglutarate exchange. Several structurally diverse organic anions cis-inhibited PAH uptake. Like rat OAT1 organic anion transporter, hPAHT was inhibited by furosemide, indomethacin, probenecid, and alpha-ketoglutarate. Unlike OAT1, hPAHT was not inhibited by prostaglandins or methotrexate (MTX). Moreover, tracer PGE2 and MTX were not transported, indicating that the substrate specificity for transport by hPAHT is not broad. PAH uptake was inhibited by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) in a dose- and time-dependent fashion, but not by the inactive 4alpha-phorbol-12,13 didecanoate. PMA-induced inhibition was blocked by staurosporine. Thus the protein kinase C-mediated inhibition of basolateral organic anion entry previously reported in intact tubules is likely due, at least in part, to direct modulation of the PAH/alpha-ketoglutarate exchanger.
Reexamination of the Folding of BPTI: Predominance of Native Intermediates (1991)

Bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) continues to be the only protein for which a detailed pathway of folding has been described. Previous studies led to the conclusion that nonnative states are well populated in the oxidative folding of BPTI. This conclusion has broadly influenced efforts to understand protein folding. The population of intermediates present during the folding of BPTI has been reexamined by modern separation techniques. It was found that all well-populated folding intermediates contain only native disulfide bonds. These data emphasize the importance of native protein structure for understanding protein folding.
A proposal for EGPRS radio link control using link adaptation and incremental redundancy (2002)

Standardization is currently in progress to specify Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE). The two components of EDGE, Enhanced Circuit-Switched Data (ECSD) and Enhanced General Packet Radio Service (EGPRS), define enhancements for circuit-mode and packet-mode data, respectively. EGPRS is also intended to provide a high-rate North American digital time division multiple access (TDMA) packet data service. To achieve higher data rates, 8-ary phase shift keying (8-PSK) modulation has been introduced. Enhanced radio link control (RLC) procedures are being defined based on link adaptation and incremental redundancy to achieve superior delay/throughput performance over a wide range of operating conditions. This paper describes a candidate proposal for (RLC) block segmentation for EGPRS that provides combined link adaptation and incremental redundancy; short, fixed-length blocks to achieve lower block error rates; seamless transition between coding schemes without loss in throughput; segmentation to provide a robust Gaussian minimum shift keying (GMSK) fallback mode; and short and extended header formats. We present performance tradeoffs for the proposed scheme. Many of the features of this proposal have been included in the EGPRS specification. We provide a brief description of the block and header formats being standardized.
Chemokine receptor-mediated delivery directs self-tumor antigen efficiently into the class II processing pathway in vitro and induces protective immunity in vivo (2004)

Nonimmunogenic antigens can be efficiently rendered immunogenic by targeting them to antigen-presenting cells via differentially expressed chemokine receptors. For example, self-tumor or HIV antigens genetically fused with proinflammatory chemoattractants elicit potent immune responses and protective antitumor immunity in mice. Herein we demonstrate that the mechanism by which chemokine fusions elicit responses is efficient uptake, processing, and presentation of antigens via the major histocompatibility complex class II pathway. Experiments with inhibitors of intracellular trafficking suggest that chemoattractant fusion proteins, but not antigen alone, were processed and presented through early/late endosomal and Golgi compartments and stimulated antigen-specific CD4+ T cells both in vitro and in vivo. Chemokine fusion also facilitated the presentation of antigen by dendritic cells to an autologous human tumor-specific CD4+ T-cell line. Taking advantage of chemokine redundancy, viral chemokine fusions were equally potent in inducing protective immunity in vivo, providing a possible strategy to circumvent hypothetical, vaccine-induced antihost chemokine autoimmunity, for example, by use of viral chemoattractants in humans.
Chaotic signals for multiple access communications (2002)

Implementation of chaotic signals and of chaotic sequences in Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) communication systems is considered. The performance of such CDMA direct sequence spread spectrum systems is analyzed based on the cross correlation between the chaotic signals (sequences). The cross correlation is found to be between the upper bounds obtained for m-sequences and for Gold sequences. Receiver architectures which exploits the self synchronization feature of chaotic systems are proposed, for a single user receiver and for a two users receiver. In a two users network, with negligible background noise, the performance of the self synchronized two users receiver is superior to the performance of the conventional single user receiver.
Clinical experience of treatment of omphalocele in neonates in two children's medical centers (2008)

Objective To introduce clinical experience of treatment of different types of neonatal omphalocele.Methods A retrospective analysis of 21 cases with neonatal omphalocele in Shanghai Children's Medical Center and Xinhua Hospital was performed.The experience in the management of omphalocele was summarized,and the categorization of neonatal omphalocele was established.Suggestions and details in the management were introduced according to different types of omphalocele.Results There were 21 cases with omphalocele,15 cases were cured and the other 5 died.One case gave up therapy and was voluntarily discharged because of the complication.The total survival rate is 71.4%.The cause of death in 5 cases was as follows:1 was complicated with pneumonia and heart failure due to the congenital heart disease,1 died of asphyxia when sucking the breast,1 developed multiple organ failure due to liver incarceration,1 neonate died of the complication of intracranial hemorrhage,and the other one Was hospitalized too late.The follow-up period ranged from 10 months to 4 years.Fifteen patients who were recovered all got good growth and development.Conclusions Precise evaluation and categorization are expected to be established for neonatal omphalocele.The type of omphalocele that is easy to he incarcerated should be supplemented.Management should be taken according to the type of omphalocele and the conditions of membranes,so as to avoid the severe bad consequences due to the improper management.

Key words: 
Hernia; umbilical; Neonate
iTimerC 2.0: Fast Incremental Timing and CPPR Analysis (2015)

To achieve timing closure, performance-driven optimizations are repeatedly performed throughout the modern IC design flow. Along with these optimization operations, how to incrementally update timing information efficiently and accurately becomes a crucial task for fast turnaround time. On the other hand, to avoid wasteful over-optimization, clock path pessimism should be removed during timing analysis. In order to provide prompt timing information without over-pessimism during iterative optimizations, in this paper, we aim at fast incremental timing and CPPR analysis. We present two delicate techniques, lazy evaluation and lazy propagation, to avoid redundant updates. Our experiments are conducted on the benchmark suite released by TAU 2015 timing analysis contest. Experimental results show that our timer delivers the best results in terms of accuracy, runtime, and memory over all participating teams.
Optically-Monitored Nanopore Fabrication Using a Focused Laser Beam (2018)

Solid-state nanopores (ssNPs) are extremely versatile single-molecule sensors and their potential have been established in numerous biomedical applications. However, the fabrication of ssNPs remains the main bottleneck to their widespread use. Herein, we introduce a rapid and localizable ssNPs fabrication method based on feedback-controlled optical etching. We show that a focused blue laser beam irreversibly etches silicon nitride (SiN<sub>x</sub>) membranes in solution. Furthermore, photoluminescence (PL) emitted from the SiN<sub>x</sub> is used to monitor the etching process in real-time, hence permitting rate adjustment. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of the etched area reveal an inverted Gaussian thickness profile, corresponding to the intensity point spread function of the laser beam. Continued laser exposure leads to the opening of a nanopore, which can be controlled to reproducibly fabricate nanopores of different sizes. The optically-formed ssNPs exhibit electrical noise on par with TEM-drilled pores, and translocate DNA and proteins readily. Notably, due to the localized thinning, the laser-drilled ssNPs exhibit highly suppressed background PL and improved spatial resolution. Given the total control over the nanopore position, this easily implemented method is ideally suited for electro-optical sensing and opens up the possibility of fabricating large nanopore arrays in situ.
Conversion of a high-order mode beam into a nearly Gaussian beam by use of a single interferometric element (2003)

We present a new, compact, and practical optical mode converter that efficiently transforms a high-order Hermite-Gaussian (HG) laser beam into a nearly Gaussian beam. The mode converter is based on coherently adding different transverse parts of the high-order mode beam by use of a single planar interferometric element. The method, configuration, and experimental results obtained with a pulsed Nd:YAG HG TEM10 laser beam are presented. The results reveal that the efficiency of conversion of a HG beam to a nearly Gaussian beam can be as high as 90%.
Printed coplanar two‐antenna element for 2.4/5 GHz WLAN operation in a MIMO system (2008)

Abstract A printed coplanar two‐antenna element suited for WLAN operation in the 2.4‐ and 5‐GHz bands for dual‐module applications in a MIMO system is proposed. The two‐antenna element is comprised of one planar inverted‐F antenna (PIFA) and one monopole antenna, both printed and integrated in a coplanar configuration on a narrow dielectric substrate with the dimensions 50 mm × 11 mm. The two antennas are excited using two separate feeds with a common ground plane. By utilizing two proposed elements spaced 10‐mm apart in the lateral direction with an optimized arrangement, the four‐antenna MIMO system obtained can achieve optimal isolation between any two of the four antennas. In comparison with the conventional dual‐band antenna with a single feed, the proposed two‐antenna element allows the 2.4‐ and 5‐GHz signals to be simultaneously received or transmitted with no external switch circuit between the antenna and modules required. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 1635–1638, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23540
Differential expression of N-cadherin and E-cadherin in normal human tissues (2006)

E-cadherin, which expressed in various epithelial tissues, is important for the maintenance of normal epithelial phenotypes. However, the distribution of N-cadherin in normal human tissues has not been defined systemically. In the present study, we employed a sensitive, reliable immunohistochemical detection system for N-cadherin on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections, and succeeded in demonstrating N- and E-cadherin protein expressions and their distribution in normal human tissues. E-cadherin immunoreactivity was detected in all the epithelial tissues examined, except for the adrenal cortical cells and granulosa cells. N-cadherin was selectively expressed on epithelial cells of the thymus, pituitary, pancreas, liver, adrenal, endometrium of the uterus, ovary, and stomach as well as in neuronal tissues. Double immunostaining revealed that N-cadherin expression was closely associated with the hormone-producing ability of cells in the pancreas and pituitary. Thus, this study indicated the possibility that N-cadherin is selectively expressed in relation to hormonal regulation in some organs and plays different functions in different situations. The method presented here should prove useful for the further investigation of the N-cadherin expression and function in several disease conditions on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded archival tissues.
Identifying Foxp3-expressing suppressor T cells with a bicistronic reporter (2005)

Regulatory T cells are critical for maintaining self-tolerance and to negatively regulate immune responses. Foxp3 is a regulatory T cell-specific transcription factor that functions as the master regulator of the development and function of regulatory T cells. Here, we report the generation of a mouse model, in which a bicistronic reporter expressing a red fluorescent protein has been knocked into the endogenous Foxp3 locus. Using this mouse model, we assessed Foxp3 expression in various lymphocyte compartments and identified previously unreported Foxp3-expressing cells. In addition, we showed that de novo Foxp3 expression along with suppressive function were induced by TGF-beta in activated CD4 T cells in vitro. Finally, we demonstrated that non-Foxp3-expressing CD4 T cells could not be converted into Foxp3-expressing cells upon adoptive transfer into immunodeficient hosts. This Foxp3 bicistronic reporter knockin mouse model should greatly enhance the study of regulation and function of Foxp3-expressing regulatory T cells.
Position Sensorless Vector Control for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors Based on Maximum Torque Control Frame (2007)

High efficiency drive can be achieved by the maximum torque-per-ampere (MTPA) control which used reluctance torque effectively. However, the calculations for estimating rotor position and for controlling the d-axis current are required. The motor parameters of inductance etc. that are easily affected by magnetic saturation are included in those calculations. This paper proposes a new MTPA control method, which is robust against changes of motor parameters caused by magnetic saturation. In addition, complex calculation for d-axis current or reference to the table is not necessary. In this method, we define a novel coordinate frame, which has one axis aligned with the current vector of the MTPA control, and estimate the frame directly. Because the parameter Lqm for estimating the frame is less affected by the magnetic saturation than the conventional Lq, the effect of magnetic saturation on the position estimation can be greatly suppressed. First, an extended electromotive force model based on the proposed frame and a parameter Lqm for an estimation of the frame are derived. Next, the effectiveness of this proposed method is confirmed by simulations and experiments.
SBS threshold for single mode and multimode GRIN fibers in an all fiber configuration (2005)

We investigate stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) threshold in single mode and multimode fibers in an all fiber network. The pump is a single mode fiber pigtail attached to a diode. We find the theory and experiment agree for both single mode and multimode GRIN fibers. We modify the bulk SBS threshold equation for use with fibers by properly accounting for mode sizes and modal dispersion.
The Role of Base Excision Repair in the Sensitivity and Resistance to Temozolomide-Mediated Cell Death (2005)

DNA-alkylating agents have a central role in the curative therapy of many human tumors; yet, resistance to these agents limits their effectiveness. The efficacy of the alkylating agent temozolomide has been attributed to the induction of O6-MeG, a DNA lesion repaired by the protein O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT). Resistance to temozolomide has been ascribed to elevated levels of MGMT and/or reduced mismatch repair. However, >80% of the DNA lesions induced by temozolomide are N-methylated bases that are recognized by DNA glycosylases and not by MGMT, and so resistance to temozolomide may also be due, in part, to robust base excision repair (BER). We used isogenic cells deficient in the BER enzymes DNA polymerase-beta (pol-beta) and alkyladenine DNA glycosylase (Aag) to determine the role of BER in the cytotoxic effect of temozolomide. Pol-beta-deficient cells were significantly more susceptible to killing by temozolomide than wild-type or Aag-deficient cells, a hypersensitivity likely caused by accumulation of BER intermediates. RNA interference-mediated pol-beta suppression was sufficient to increase temozolomide efficacy, whereas a deficiency in pol-iota or pol-lambda did not increase temozolomide-mediated cytotoxicity. Overexpression of Aag (the initiating BER enzyme) triggered a further increase in temozolomide-induced cytotoxicity. Enhanced Aag expression, coupled with pol-beta knockdown, increased temozolomide efficacy up to 4-fold. Furthermore, loss of pol-beta coupled with temozolomide treatment triggered the phosphorylation of H2AX, indicating the activation of the DNA damage response pathway as a result of unrepaired lesions. Thus, the BER pathway is a major contributor to cellular resistance to temozolomide and its efficacy depends on specific BER gene expression and activity.
Heat Transfer and Body Temperature in Honey Bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Drones and Workers (1991)

Honey bee, Apis mellifera L., drones and workers were used to examine how differences in morphology, physiology, and behavior affect heat exchange and thorax temperature ( T th ) during flight. Drones had twice the body mass ( M b ) of workers (199.4 ± 2.5 versus 101.8 ± 3:3 mg) and exhibited T th > 2°C higher. Drones were unable to lower T th through regurgitation or through shunting heat to the abdomen. Heat production during hovering increased with M b whereas total heat loss increased with M b and with flight speed ( V ). Despite their larger size and higher T th , drones flew slower than workers. A heat budget model predicted that T th would decrease sharply with V , increase with body mass, and increase with the ratio of thorax mass to body mass. The model closely predicted the T th difference between drones and workers and demonstrated that the higher T th of drones is primarily (75%) an effect of large M h , somewhat (15%) a result of the high ratio of thorax to body mass and, to a lesser degree (10%), a result of slower V . These morphological and behavioral traits are sufficient to account for the difference in T th between drones and workers.
Some properties of dendritic macrophages from peripheral lymph. (1989)

Peripheral lymph was collected from the skin and liver of sheep, and from the intestine of rats. The dendritic macrophages contained in it were isolated by centrifuging the lymph over a layer of 'Nycodenz'. Similar cells were produced by culturing mononuclear cells from venous blood, but the yields were very small. The numbers of dendritic cells in the lymph from the legs of sheep increased five-fold after xylene had been applied to the skin. Dendritic macrophages displayed abundant class II histocompatibility antigens on their surfaces, as well as immunoglobulins. Although the latter were probably acquired passively, they remained present for several days on cells cultured in vitro. When in vitro, dendritic cells could be shown to phagocytose marker particles, such as latex beads, but their performance was unimpressive compared to macrophages from the peritoneal cavities of rats. In contrast, their ability to phagocytose rapidly T4 phage or influenza viruses unequivocal and striking.
Rainfall time series forecasting based on Modular RBF Neural Network model coupled with SSA and PLS (2012)

Accurate forecast of rainfall has been one of the most important issues in hydrological research. Due to rainfall forecasting involves a rather complex nonlinear data pattern; there are lots of novel forecasting approaches to improve the forecasting accuracy. In this paper, a new approach using the Modular Radial Basis Function Neural Network (M-RBF-NN) technique is presented to im- prove rainfall forecasting performance coupled with appropriate data-preprocessing techniques by Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) and Partial Least Square (PLS) regression. In the process of modular modeling, SSA is applied for the time series extraction of complex trends and structure finding. In the second stage, the data set is divided into different training sets by Bagging and Boosting technology. In the third stage, the modular RBF-NN predictors are produced by a differ- ent kernel function. In the fourth stage, PLS technology is used to choose the appropriate number of neural network ensemble members. In the final stage, least squares support vector regression is used for ensemble of the M-RBF-NN to prediction purpose. The developed RBF-NN model is being applied for real time rainfall forecasting and flood management in Liuzhou, Guangxi. Aimed at providing forecasts in a near real time schedule, different network types were tested with the same input information. Additionally, forecasts by M-RBF-NN model were compared to the convenient approach. Results show that the predictions made using the M-RBF-NN approach are consistently better than those obtained using the other method presented in this study in terms of the same measurements. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the proposed M-RBF-NN technique provides a promising alternative to rainfall prediction.