gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Treatment of severe aplastic anaemia with antilymphocyte globulin or bone-marrow transplantation. (1981)

Fifty-three patients with severe aplastic anaemia were admitted to this hospital between January 1976 and June 1980, of whom three arrived in terminal condition and died before treatment for their basic disease could be given. Thus 50 patients were treated and evaluated in a prospective study according to one protocol. Eighteen patients with an HLA-identical sibling underwent bone-marrow transplantation with the aim of achieving haematopoietic chimerism. Thirty-two patients without an HLA-identical sibling were given antilymphocyte globulin with or without an infusion of HLA-haplotype-identical marrow. All these 32 patients received low-dose androgens after the procedure. In the first group eight patients (44%) survived. In the two other groups, 22 patients survived (69%), of whom 20 were completely self-sustaining (63%). Engraftment and graft-versus-host disease did not occur in the group who received antilymphocyte globulin and haploidentical marrow, and the haematopoietic reconstitutions in these patients were all autologous. These results confirm the efficacy of antilymphocyte globulin in the treatment of severe aplastic anaemia and show that such treatment is at least as good as bone-marrow transplantation. Its mechanism of action remains unknown, but most patients with aplastic anaemia have a pool of haematopoietic stem cells able to repopulate the marrow after this type of treatment.
765. Metallo-organic compounds containing metal–nitrogen bonds. Part I. Some dialkylamino-derivatives of titanium and zirconium (1960)

D. C. Bradley and I. M. Thomas, J. Chem. Soc., 1960, 3857 DOI: 10.1039/JR9600003857
Estimation of Lead Vehicle Kinematics Using Camera-Based Data for Driver Distraction Detection (2018)

Distracted driving has become an emerging concern for road safety in the past decade. Efforts have been made to develop in-vehicle active safety systems that could detect driver distraction. However, most methods focused on detecting a distracted driver of the host vehicle (ego-vehicle). Given that a distracted driver poses increased crash risk not only to him/herself but also to other road users, it may be beneficial to investigate ways to detect a distracted driver from a surrounding vehicle. This paper proposes a method to estimate the kinematics of a lead vehicle solely based on the sensory data from a host vehicle. The estimated kinematics of the lead vehicle include its lane position, lateral speed, longitudinal speed, and longitudinal acceleration, all of which may be potentially useful to detect distracted driving. The method was developed and validated using an existing naturalistic driving study, Safety Pilot Model Deployment, which collected a large scale of driving data in real-world roadways. The method utilizes signals from a camera-based Mobileye® system and other host vehicle sensory channels such as speed and yaw rate. Sensor fusion techniques were used to improve the accuracy of the estimation. The validation results show that the method was able to capture the lead vehicle’s kinematics within a fairly small error range. The method could be potentially used to develop in-vehicle systems that are able to monitor the behaviors of its surrounding vehicles and detect distracted or impaired driving.
<i>Firmato</i> (2004)

In recent years packet-filtering firewalls have seen some impressive technological advances (e.g., stateful inspection, transparency, performance, etc.) and wide-spread deployment. In contrast, firewall and security &lt;i&gt;management&lt;/i&gt; technology is lacking. In this paper we present &lt;i&gt;Firmato&lt;/i&gt;, a firewall management toolkit, with the following distinguishing properties and components: (1) an entity-relationship model containing, in a unified form, global knowledge of the security policy and of the network topology; (2) a model definition language, which we use as an interface to define an instance of the entity-relationship model; (3) a model compiler, translating the global knowledge of the model into firewall-specific configuration files; and (4) a graphical firewall rule illustrator. We implemented a prototype of our toolkit to work with several commercially available firewall products. This prototype was used to control an operational firewall for several months. We believe that our approach is an important step toward streamlining the process of configuring and managing firewalls, especially in complex, multi-firewall installations.
TALEN/CRISPR-mediated engineering of a promoterless anti-viral RNAi hairpin into an endogenous miRNA locus (2016)

Successful RNAi applications depend on strategies allowing robust and persistent expression of minimal gene silencing triggers without perturbing endogenous gene expression. Here, we propose a novel avenue which is integration of a promoterless shmiRNA, i.e. a shRNA embedded in a micro-RNA (miRNA) scaffold, into an engineered genomic miRNA locus. For proof-of-concept, we used TALE or CRISPR/Cas9 nucleases to site-specifically integrate an anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) shmiRNA into the liver-specific miR-122/hcr locus in hepatoma cells, with the aim to obtain cellular clones that are genetically protected against HCV infection. Using reporter assays, Northern blotting and qRT-PCR, we confirmed anti-HCV shmiRNA expression as well as miR-122 integrity and functionality in selected cellular progeny. Moreover, we employed a comprehensive battery of PCR, cDNA/miRNA profiling and whole genome sequencing analyses to validate targeted integration of a single shmiRNA molecule at the expected position, and to rule out deleterious effects on the genomes or transcriptomes of the engineered cells. Importantly, a subgenomic HCV replicon and a full-length reporter virus, but not a Dengue virus control, were significantly impaired in the modified cells. Our original combination of DNA engineering and RNAi expression technologies benefits numerous applications, from miRNA, genome and transgenesis research, to human gene therapy.
Cyclizations Made Easy by Transition Metal Catalysts (1992)

Ring construction by carbon-carbon bond formation is more versatile than methods involving carbon-heteroatom bond formation, which is limited to macroheterocycles like macrolactones. Palladium-catalyzed carbon-carbon bond formation is spectacularly successful. With palladium-catalyzed allylic alkylation, the formidable task of making medium-sized rings (8-10 members) and large rings (up to 27 members) becomes simple. Polymer-supported catalysts enable such cyclizations to occur at high concentrations (0.2-0.5 M). Even carbon-heteroatom bonds can be formed in this way. Condensations and cycloisomerizations involving terminal acetylenes as donors and acetylenes or allenes as acceptors represent a new palladium-catalyzed strategy. Application of these methods involves the syntheses of antibiotic A26771B, (-)-aspochalasin B, and models for polyene macrolides (represented by tetrin A) and for taxanes (represented by taxinine).
Finite element modeling of the C4–C6 cervical spine unit (1996)

This study was conducted to develop a detailed, three-dimensional, anatomically accurate finite element model of the human cervical spine structure using close-up computed tomography scans and to validate against experimental data. The finite element model of the three vertebra segment C4-C6 unit consisted of 9178 solid elements and 1193 thin shell elements. The force-displacement response under axial compression correlated well with experimental data. Because of the inclusion of three levels in the spinal structure, it was possible to determine the internal mechanics of the various components at each level. The applicability of the model was illustrated by adopting appropriate material properties from literature. Results indicated that, the stresses in the anterior column were higher compared to the posterior column at the inferior level, while the opposite was found to be true at the superior level. The superior and inferior endplate stresses were higher in the middle vertebral body compared to the adjacent vertebrae. In addition, the stresses in the cancellous core of the middle, unconstrained vertebral body were higher. The present three-dimensional finite element model offers an additional facet to a better understanding of the biomechanics of the human cervical spine.
Synthesis of Azolyl Carboximidamides as Ligands for Zn(II) and Cu(II):  Application of the Zn(II) Complexes as Catalysts for the Copolymerization of Carbon Dioxide and Epoxides<sup>1</sup> (2006)

A series of novel S,N-heterocyclic (thiazolyl) substituted carboximidamides 3 and 4 was synthesized in yields up to 82% from specific triazinium salts 1 and primary or secondary amines 2 which additionally bear pyridine or imidazole units. These carboximidamides are used as tailor-made ligands for the complexation of Cu(II) and Zn(II). The coordination behavior of 3 and 4 and the properties of the resulting metal complexes are affected a significant extent especially by the nature of these amine substituents. The most important structural feature of the novel complexes is that the ligation of the metal cations is achieved by a 1,3,5-triazapentadienyl anion system, compare the X-ray structure of the model complex Cu-4d. Analogous Zn(II) complexes 5, 6a, 6b, 6c, 7a, and 7b were obtained from carboximidamides 3, 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, and 4e after reaction with diethylzinc. Interestingly, these Zn(II) complexes possess an intrinsic activity to catalyze the copolymerization of cyclohexene oxide and carbon dioxide to give polycarbonates 15 (TON up to 113; Turn Over Number: moles of substrate 14 consumed per moles of zinc. Molecular weights: up to 206.10(3) Da). Contaminations of 15 by polyethers are produced only in remarkably small amounts.
Dye-sensitized Solar Cells Using Semiconductor Thin Film Composed of Titania Nanotubes (2002)

Over two times higher short-circuit photocurrent density was attained in the dye-sensitized solar cells by using titania nanotubes as a semiconductor thin film in the thin film thickness region in comparison with that made of P-25. Titania nanotubes were synthesized by a surfactant-assisted templating mechanism using a laurylamine hydrochloride/tetraisopropylorthotitanate with acetylacetone system.1) Nanotubes have a mono-crystalline structure of anatase and showed the highest photocatalytic activity among the commercially available nano-crystalline titania. The dye-sensitized solar cell system using the mono-crystalline titania nanotubes showed about 5% sunlight-electricity conversion.
Transfer of engineered biophysical properties between different antibody formats and expression systems (2012)

Recombinant antibodies and their derivatives are receiving ever increasing attention for many applications. Nevertheless, they differ widely in biophysical properties, from stable monomers to metastable aggregation-prone mixtures of oligomers. Previous work from our laboratory presented the combination of structure-based analysis with family consensus alignments as being able to improve the properties of immunoglobulin variable domains. We had identified a series of mutations in the variable domains that greatly influenced both the stability and the expression level of single-chain Fv (scFv) fragments produced in the periplasm of Escherichia coli. We now investigated whether these effects are transferable to Fab fragments and immunoglobulin G (IgG) produced in bacteria, Pichia pastoris, and mammalian cells. Taken together, our data indicate that engineered mutations can increase functional expression levels only for periplasmic expression in prokaryotes. In contrast, stability against thermal and denaturant-induced unfolding is improved by the same mutations in all formats tested, including scFv, Fab and IgG, independent of the expression system. The mutations in V(H) also influenced the structural homogeneity of full-length IgG, and the reducibility of the distant C(H)1-C(L) inter-chain disulfide bond. These results confirm the potential of structure-based protein engineering in the context of full-length IgGs and the transferability of stability improvements discovered with smaller antibody fragments.
Sierra Leone and the Grand Duke of Tuscany (1993)

In 1606 Philip II of Portugal (and III of Spain) granted to a faithful court official, the Portuguese nobleman Pedro Álvares Pereira, the captaincy of Sierra Leone in Guinea, subject to his establishing an effective settlement there. This was on the lines of previous royal grants of other areas of the Atlantic world—the fifteenth-century grants of the Portuguese Atlantic islands, the grants of segments of the coast of Brazil in the 1530s, and of the coast of Angola in the 1570s. These earlier grants had led to the extension of Portuguese domain, that is, conquista , confirmed in the earlier instances by settlement but the grant made to Pedro Álvares Pereira led to no permanent settlement at Sierra Leone and not even to Portuguese overrule of the African peoples of the district. A first attempt to carry out the terms of the grant, made in 1606 through the agency of a Jesuit missionary, Fr. Baltasar Barreira, lost its initial momentum because of a sudden decline in the fortunes of Pedro Álvares Pereira. In 1608 he fell out of favor at the court, accused of corruption and malpractice—a not uncommon happening in the jealously competitive arena of the Madrid court—and hence was unable to send ships and supplies to Sierra Leone to substantiate his grant. Eventually he returned to favour and between 1612 and 1616 tried again, but for reasons which are not entirely clear but apparently included the loss of agents in a marine disaster, he gave up the struggle and in 1621, just before he died, he relinquished the grant.
2-D adaptive Volterra filter for 2-D nonlinear channel equalisation and image restoration (1992)

A 2-D adaptive nonlinear filter, namely the 2-D adaptive Volterra filter, is developed with an LMS type of adaptation algorithm. This adaptive filter is used for equalising an unknown 2-D channel with some pointwise nonlinearity and restoring images degraded by this channel. Improvements over a 2-D adaptive linear equaliser are demonstrated by experimental results.
Molecular Cloning of the Gene for the Key Carbocycle-forming Enzyme in the Biosynthesis of 2-Deoxystreptamine-containing Aminocyclitol Antibiotics and Its Comparison with Dehydroquinate Synthase. (1999)

The 2-deoxystreptamine aglycon is a common structural feature found in aminocyclitol antibiotics including neomycin, kanamycin, tobramycin, gentamicin, sisomicin, butirosin and ribostamycin. A key enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of the 2-deoxystreptamine moiety is 2-deoxy-scyllo-inosose (DOI) synthase which catalyses the carbocycle formation from D-glucose-6-phosphate to 2-deoxy-scyllo-inosose. The recent success of isolating the 2-deoxy-scyllo-inosose synthase from Bacillus circulans prompted us to clone the gene responsible for this important enzyme by the use of reverse genetics approach. With the aid of DNA probes constructed on the basis of the amino-terminal sequence of the purified 42 kDa subunit of the enzyme, the responsible gene btrC was successfully cloned. Subsequently the btrC gene was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli, and the 2-deoxy-scyllo-inosose synthase activity of the recombinant polypeptide was confirmed by chemical analysis. The btrC gene encodes a protein composed of 368 amino acids with a molecular mass of 40.7 kDa. Our previous proposal for the similarity of 2-deoxy-scyllo-inosose synthase to dehydroquinate synthase has been confirmed on the basis of their amino acid sequences. Significant differences in the sequences can also be observed however, particularly in the crucial substrate recognition regions. Comparison of the BtrC sequence with those of biosynthetic enzymes for other related microbial products is also discussed.
Development of the laser method of multicrystalline silicion surface texturization (2009)

Purpose: The aim of the paper is to demonstrate a laser method of multicrystalline silicon texturization. This means creating a roughened surface so that incident light may have a larger probability of being adsorbed into the solar cell. It was demonstrated, that laser processing is very promising technique for texturing multicrystalline silicon independent on crystallographic orientation of grains compared to conventional texturing methods. Design/methodology/approach: The topography of laser textured surfaces were investigated using ZEISS SUPRA 25 scanning electron microscope and LSM 5 Pascal ZEISS confocal laser scanning microscope. The reflectance of produced textures was measured by Perkin-Elmer Lambda spectrophotometer with an integrating sphere. Electrical parameters of manufactured solar cells were characterized by measurements of I-V illuminated characteristics under standard AM 1.5 radiation. Findings: The texturing of multicrystalline silicon surface using Nd:YAG laser makes it possible to increase absorption of the incident solar radiation. Laser processing is a promising method for texturization of multicrystalline silicon compared to conventional texturing methods applied in used technology of solar cells. Research limitations/implications: Laser processing introduce into the bulk of material some unwanted effects, having detrimental influence on the main parameters of processed silicon wafers. Solar cells manufactured from laser-textured multicrystalline silicon wafers demonstrate worse electrical performance than cells manufactured from the non-textured wafers after saw damage removal as well as wafers textured by etching in alkaline solutions. Chemical etching by means of potassium alkali made it possible to increase cell efficiency. Originality/value: Laser texturing has been shown to have great potential as far as its implementatnion into industrial manufacturing process of solar cell is concerned.
Vaccine-enhanced respiratory syncytial virus disease in cotton rats following immunization with Lot 100 or a newly prepared reference vaccine (2001)

A formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus vaccine was used to immunize infants in the mid-1960s; when these children later were naturally infected by the virus they developed markedly accentuated disease, and two died. For the present work, a new batch of vaccine was prepared using the original formula. Administration of either the old or new vaccines resulted in enhanced lesions in immunized cotton rats subsequently challenged with live virus, although administration of the vaccine reduced virus replication by 90%. Animals primed with formalin-inactivated virus and challenged developed markedly accentuated lesions of the same type as in animals undergoing primary or secondary infection. In addition, the animals with the vaccine-enhanced disease developed alveolitis and interstitial pneumonitis, which appear to be specific markers for the vaccine enhancement. The newly prepared vaccine appears suitable as a reference standard for studying the mechanism of vaccine-enhanced disease caused by this virus. Additionally, we reviewed the lesions in the lungs of the two humans who died with the vaccine-enhanced disease in 1967, and found that they were similar to, but more severe than those seen in the cotton rats.
In Vitro Analysis of Murine B-Cell Development (1985)

Exhausted CD8 T (Tex) cells are a distinct cell lineage that arise during chronic infections and cancers in animal models and humans. Tex cells are characterized by progressive loss of effector functions, high and sustained inhibitory receptor expression, ...Read More
N‐acetylcysteine replenishes glutathione in HIV infection (2000)

NAC treatment for 8 weeks safely replenishes whole blood GSH and T cell GSH in HIV-infected individuals. Thus, NAC offers useful adjunct therapy to increase protection against oxidative stress, improve immune system function and increase detoxification of acetaminophen and other drugs. These findings suggest that NAC therapy could be valuable in other clinical situations in which GSH deficiency or oxidative stress plays a role in disease pathology, e.g. rheumatoid arthritis, Parkinson's disease, hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, septic shock and diabetes.
Targeted deletion of the CD59 gene causes spontaneous intravascular hemolysis and hemoglobinuria (2001)

The glycolipid-anchored glycoprotein CD59 inhibits assembly of the lytic membrane attack complex of complement by incorporation into the forming complex. Absence of CD59 and other glycolipid-anchored molecules on circulating cells in the human hemolytic disorder paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria is associated with intravascular hemolysis and thrombosis. To examine the role of CD59 in protecting host tissues in health and disease, CD59-deficient (CD59(-/-)) mice were produced by gene targeting in embryonic stem cells. Absence of CD59 was confirmed by staining cells and tissues with specific antibody. Despite the complete absence of CD59, mice were healthy and fertile. Erythrocytes in vitro displayed increased susceptibility to complement and were positive in an acidified serum lysis test. Despite this, CD59(-/-) mice were not anemic but had elevated reticulocyte counts, indicating accelerated erythrocyte turnover. Fresh plasma and urine from CD59(-/-) mice contained increased amounts of hemoglobin when compared with littermate controls, providing further evidence for spontaneous intravascular hemolysis. Intravascular hemolysis was increased following administration of cobra venom factor to trigger complement activation. CD59(-/-) mice will provide a tool for characterizing the importance of CD59 in protection of self tissues from membrane attack complex damage in health and during diseases in which complement is activated.
A corpus-based hybrid approach to music analysis and composition (2007)

We present a corpus-based hybrid approach to music analysis and composition, which incorporates statistical, connectionist, and evolutionary components. Our framework employs artificial music critics, which may be trained on large music corpora, and then pass aesthetic judgment on music artifacts. Music artifacts are generated by an evolutionary music composer, which utilizes music critics as fitness functions. To evaluate this approach we conducted three experiments. First, using music features based on Zipf’s law, we trained artificial neural networks to predict the popularity of 992 musical pieces with 87.85% accuracy. Then, assuming that popularity correlates with aesthetics, we incorporated such neural networks into a genetic-programming system, called NEvMuse. NEvMuse autonomously “composed ” novel variations of J.S. Bach’s Invention #13 in A minor (BWV 784), variations which many listeners found to be aesthetically pleasing. Finally, we compared aesthetic judgments from an artificial music critic with emotional responses from 23 human subjects. Significant correlations were found. We provide evaluation results and samples of generated music. These results have implications for music information retrieval and computer-aided music composition.
Modeling, Design, Fabrication, and Performance of Rectangular &amp;#x003BC;-Coaxial Lines and Components (2006)

A miniature non-uniform copper-air rectangular coaxial line with the inner conductor supported by periodic dielectric straps is demonstrated. The overall height of the line is 310mum with the outer conductor cross-section being 250mumtimes250mum. The measured loss is 0.22dB/cm at 26GHz, while the isolation between two parallel lines with a center-to-center separation of 700mum is better than 60dB. Several quasi-planar components are designed and fabricated on the same wafer, and presented here are a branch-line hybrid and a transmission line resonator. The through and coupled port transmissions for the hybrid at 26GHz are -3.25dB and -3.35dB respectively, with phase misbalance below 0.2deg. The transmission line resonator has an unloaded Q-factor of 110 at 25GHz