gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gene transfer by retrovirus vectors occurs only in cells that are actively replicating at the time of infection. (1990)

Previous reports have shown that retrovirus infection is inhibited in nonreplicating (stationary-phase [hereafter called stationary]) cells. Infection of stationary cells was shown to occur when the cells were allowed to replicate at times up to a week after infection, suggesting that an unintegrated retrovirus could persist in a form that was competent to integrate after release of the block to replication. However, those studies were complicated by the use of replication-competent virus, which can spread in the infected cells. We have used a replication-defective retrovirus vector to compare the efficiency of gene transfer in stationary and replicating rat embryo fibroblasts. In agreement with previous results, gene transfer was inhibited 100-fold in stationary versus replicating cells. In contrast to previously reported results, the block to infection could not be relieved by stimulating stationary cells to divide at times from 6 h to 10 days after infection. Thus, for successful retroviral infection, the infected cells must be replicating at the time of infection. These results have important implications for the use of retroviral vectors for gene transfer.
Mitigation of laser damage growth in fused silica NIF optics with a galvanometer scanned CO 2 laser (2006)

Economic operation of the National Ignition Facility at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory depends on controlling growth of laser damage in the large, high cost optics exposed to UV light at 351 nm. Mitigation of the growth of damage sites on fused silica surfaces greater than several hundred microns in diameter has been previously reported by us using galvanometer scanning of a tightly focused 10.6 μm CO2 laser spot over an area encompassing the laser damage. Further investigation revealed that fused silica vapor re-deposited on the surface as debris led to laser damage at unexpectedly low fluences when exposed to multiple laser shots at 351 nm. Additionally, laser power and spatial mode fluctuations in the mitigation laser led to poor repeatability of the process. We also found that the shape of the mitigation pit could produce downstream intensification that could damage other NIF optics. Modifications were made to both the laser system and the mitigation process in order to address these issues. Debris was completely eliminated by these changes, but repeatability and downstream intensification issues still persist.© (2006) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Recognizing multiple objects based on co-occurrence of categories (2010)

Most previous methods for generic object recognition explicitly or implicitly assume that an image contains objects from a single category, although objects from multiple categories often appear together in an image. In this paper, we present a novel method for object recognition that explicitly deals with objects of multiple categories coexisting in an image. Furthermore, our proposed method aims to recognize objects by taking advantage of a scene's context represented by the co-occurrence relationship between object categories. Specifically, our method estimates the mixture ratios of multiple categories in an image via MAP regression, where the likelihood is computed based on the linear combination model of frequency distributions of local features, and the prior probability is computed from the co-occurrence relation. We conducted a number of experiments using the PASCAL dataset, and obtained the results that lend support to the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Rotating-Field-Induced Rotation and Measurement of the Membrane Capacitance of Single Mesophyll Cells of Avena sativa (1982)

Rotation of single cells (mesophyll protoplasts of Avena sativa) induced by a planar, homogeneous rotating field has been observed at a frequency of 20-40 kHz (conductivity of the external mannitol solution 6x 10 -5 Ω -1 cm -1 ). This variation in optimum frequency is largely due to an inverse dependence on cell radius. Rotation direction is opposite to that of the field, and can be reversed at will by reversing the field. The maximum speed of cell spinning was a few cycles per second (and thus always much slower than that of the field) and was proportional to the square of the amplitude of the field. The rotation of a single cell in a rotating field is expected on the basis of the dipole-dipole theory developed by Holzapfel et al., (J. Membrane Biol. 67, 1-14 (1982)), for multi-cell rotation. Measurements of the dependence of optimum applied field frequency on medium conductivity indicate that the dipole is generated by interfacial (Maxwell-Wagner) polarization. The required frequency is a linear function of the conductivity of the external solution. This relationship is used to derive a value for the specific membrane capacitance. Further applications of this technique for cell and membrane research are discussed.
Prospective Evaluation of New and Old Criteria to Discriminate Between Supraventricular and Ventricular Tachycardia in Implantable Defibrillators (1998)

This study was designed to evaluate the ability to distinguish between supraventricular tachycardias (SVTs) and ventricular tachycardias (VTs) based on onset, stability, and width criteria in an implantable defibrillator. Inappropriate detection of atrial fibrillation and sinus tachycardia is a common problem in patients with implantable defibrillators. The onset, stability, and width criteria were studied in 17 patients who underwent implantation of a Medtronic 7218C implantable defibrillator by inducing sinus tachycardia and atrial fibrillation. Additional data on the width criteria was obtained by pacing at separate sites in both the left and right ventricle. Patients were studied at different times for up to 6 months to determine any changes in the criteria. The onset and stability criteria caused inappropriate detections in 36% and 12% of the episodes, respectively. The addition of the width criteria decreased the inappropriate detection using the onset and stability criteria to 5% and 2%, respectively. Pacing from the RV apex, RV outflow tract, and LV apex was appropriately detected as wide in 76%, 41%, and 94%, respectively. The width criteria changed over time in individual patients, but was stable by 6 months in all but one patient. No single criterion is satisfactory for distinguishing between SVT and VT in this patient population, but the combination of criteria seems to provide better discrimination. The width criteria can change dramatically over time and needs to be monitored carefully. Newer algorithms will need to be developed to allow better detection of supraventricular tachycardias.
Identification of novel helper epitopes of MAGE-A4 tumour antigen: useful tool for the propagation of Th1 cells (2009)

MAGE-A4 has been considered as an attractive cancer-testis (CT) antigen for tumour immunotherapy. It has been well accepted that T-helper type 1 (Th1) cell-dominant immunity is critical for the successful induction of antitumour immunity in a tumour-bearing host. The adoptive Th1 cell therapy has been shown to be an attractive strategy for inducing tumour eradication in mouse systems. However, Th1-cell therapy using human tumour-specific Th1 cells, which were expanded from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in a clinically useful protocol, has never been performed. Here, we first identified MAGE-A4-derived promiscuous helper epitope, peptide (MAGE-A4 280-299), bound to both HLA-DPB1(*)0501 and DRB1(*)1403. Using the peptide, we established a suitable protocol for the propagation of MAGE-A4-specific Th1 cells in vitro. Culture of CD4(+) T cells with IFN-gamma-treated PBMC-derived adherent cells in the presence of helper epitope peptide resulted in a great expansion of MAGE-A4-reactive Th cells producing IFN-gamma , but not IL-4. Moreover, it was shown that ligation of MAGE-A4-reactive Th1 cells with the cognate peptide caused the production of IFN-gamma and IL-2. Thus, our identified MAGE-A4 helper epitope peptide will become a good tool for the propagation of tumour-specific Th1 cells applicable to adoptive immunotherapy of human cancer.
Fine-grained document sharing using attribute-based encryption in cloud servers (2013)

With the rapid development of cloud computing, more and more users begin to share documents in cloud servers. Since cloud servers are not within the trusted domain of users, encryption and access control are needed to protect the digital content. Attribute-based encryption is a favorable scheme that has been used for content protection in cloud computing. It can provide “one-to-many” encryption service so that one encrypted file can be decrypted by multiple prospective recipients whose attributes conform to the access policy. Currently, all existing attribute-based encryption schemes assume that the digital content and authorized users are equally privileged; however, there are emerging application scenarios that demand digital content and users with different privileges. In this paper, we present a new attribute-based encryption scheme that can generate security keys of different class for users by integrating ciphertext-policy attribute-based encryption and hierarchical cryptographic key management. Thus, we achieve the fine-grained document sharing which means that users can preview the same document with different privileges. We use hierarchical keys derived from a chain of one-way functions. Extensive analysis shows that our proposed scheme is simple, efficient and secure. The proposed scheme can provide “one-fits-many” encryption service.
A Simple, Reproducible Approach to the Preparation of Surface-Chemical Gradients (2003)

We demonstrate a very simple and reproducible preparative approach for the fabrication of surface-chemical gradients. A surface concentration gradient of adsorbed methyl- or hydroxyl-terminated thiolates was achieved upon gradually immersing a gold-coated substrate into a very dilute thiol solution (0.0033 mM) by means of a linear-motion drive. Subsequent immersion of the substrate into the complementary thiol solution provided a hydrophobicity gradient with a large range (50° of the water-contact angle) and over a significant distance (35 mm). The self-assembled monolayer gradient produced in this way also displayed a high packing density, as demonstrated by dynamic contact-angle and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements.
Human CD4+ T cells specifically recognize a shared melanoma-associated antigen encoded by the tyrosinase gene. (1994)

Although commonly expressed human melanoma-associated antigens recognized by CD8+ cytolytic T cells have been described, little is known about CD4+ T-cell recognition of melanoma-associated antigens. Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B cells were used to present antigens derived from whole cell lysates of autologous and allogeneic melanomas for recognition by melanoma-specific CD4+ T-cell lines and clones cultured from tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. HLA-DR-restricted antigens were detected in the lysates on the basis of specific release of cytokines from the responding T cells. Antigen sharing was demonstrated in the majority of melanomas tested, as well as in cultured normal melanocytes, but not in other normal tissues or nonmelanoma tumors. T-cell clones manifested a single recognition pattern, suggesting the presence of an immunodominant epitope. This epitope was identified as a product of the tyrosinase gene, which has also been shown to encode class I-restricted epitopes recognized by CD8+ T cells from melanoma patients. Identification of commonly expressed tumor-associated protein molecules containing epitopes presented by both class I and class II major histocompatibility molecules may provide optimal reagents for cancer immunization strategies.
Molecular beam epitaxy growth of PbSe on BaF2-coated Si(111) and observation of the PbSe growth interface (1999)

Epitaxial growth of PbSe/BaF2/CaF2 heterostructures was carried out by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on Si(111) wafers. Successful transfer of 3-μm-thick PbSe epilayers was accomplished by bonding the MBE-grown samples face down to polished copper plates followed by the removal of the silicon substrate by dissolving the BaF2 buffer layer in water. High-resolution x-ray diffraction measurements demonstrated that the PbSe epilayer maintained high-crystalline quality after transfer. In addition, optical Nomarski characterization of the exposed growth interface showed sets of parallel straight step lines consistent with glide of dislocations in the primary {100}〈110〉 glide system. Such features are evidence of the large thermal expansion mismatch strain that occurred in these layers.
<i>Mycobacterium avium</i>Subspecies<i>paratuberculosis</i>Cultured from Locally and Commercially Pasteurized Cow's Milk in the Czech Republic (2005)

Between November 2002 and April 2003, 244 bottles and cartons of commercially pasteurized cow's milk were obtained at random from retail outlets throughout the Czech Republic. During the same period, samples of raw milk and of milk that was subsequently subjected to a minimum of 71.7 degrees C for 15 s in a local pasteurization unit were also obtained from two dairy herds, designated herds A and B, with low and high levels, respectively, of subclinical Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection, and from one herd, herd C, without infection. Infection in individual cows in each herd was tested by fecal culturing. Milk samples were brought to the Veterinary Research Institute in Brno, Czech Republic, processed, inoculated onto Herrold's egg yolk slants, and incubated for 32 weeks. Colonies were characterized by morphology, Ziehl-Neelsen staining, mycobactin J dependency, and IS900 PCR results. M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis was cultured from 4 of 244 units (1.6%) of commercially pasteurized retail milk. M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis was also cultured from 2 of 100 (2%) cartons of locally pasteurized milk derived from infected herds A and B and from 0 of 100 cartons of milk from uninfected herd C. Raw milk from 1 of 10 (10%) fecal culture-positive cows in herd A and from 13 of 66 (19.7%) fecal culture-positive cows in herd B was culture positive for M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. These findings confirm that M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis is present in raw milk from subclinically infected dairy cows. The culture of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis in the Czech Republic from retail milk that had been pasteurized locally or commercially to the required national and European Union standards is in agreement with similar research on milk destined for consumers in the United Kingdom and the United States and shows that humans are being exposed to this chronic enteric pathogen by this route.
초등학생의 인지적, 정서적 관용과 관용적 행동의 관계 (2015)

본 연구의 목적은 초등학생의 관용적 행동이 관용의 인지적, 정서적 요인과 어떠한 관계가 있는지 살펴보는 데에 있다. 선행 연구들을 바탕으로 관용의 인지적 요인인 관용에 대한 지식, 관용과 관련된 판단력, 관용의 정서적 요인인 공감적 각성, 공감적 관심을 변수로 상정하고 이러한 변수들이 관용적 행동과 어떠한 관계가 있는지 분석하였다. 이를 위하여 서울특별시,...
Neocuproine, a selective Cu(I) chelator, and the relaxation of rat vascular smooth muscle by <i>S</i>‐nitrosothiols (1997)

1. A study has been made of the effect of neocuproine, a specific Cu(I) chelator, on vasodilator responses of rat isolated perfused tail artery to two nitrosothiols: S-nitroso-N-acetyl-D,L-penicillamine (SNAP) and S-nitroso-glutathione (GSNO). 2. Bolus injections (10 microl) of SNAP or GSNO (10(-7)-10(-3) M) were delivered into the lumen of perfused vessels pre-contracted with sufficient phenylephrine (1-7 microM) to develop pressures of 100-120 mmHg. Two kinds of experiment were made: SNAP and GSNO were either (a) pre-mixed with neocuproine (10(-4) M) and then injected into arteries; or (b) vessels were continuously perfused with neocuproine (10(-5) M) and then injected with either pure SNAP or GSNO. 3. In each case, neocuproine significantly attenuated vasodilator responses to both nitrosothiols, although the nature of the inhibitory effect differed in the two types of experiment. We conclude that the ability of exogenous nitrosothiols to relax vascular smooth muscle in our ex vivo model is dependent upon a Cu(I) catalyzed process. Evidence is presented which suggests that a similar Cu(I)-dependent mechanism is responsible for the release of NO from endogenous nitrosothiols and that this process may assist in maintaining vasodilator tone in vivo.
POPULATION STRUCTURE IN TWO MARINE INVERTEBRATE SPECIES (PANOPEA ABRUPTA AND STRONGYLOCENTROTUS FRANCISCANUS) TARGETED FOR AQUACULTURE AND ENHANCEMENT IN BRITISH COLUMBIA (2006)

As the number of native species targeted for aquaculture and enhancement in British Columbia (BC) rises, fisheries managers must develop policies and species-specific management plans that facilitate industry expansion while protecting the integrity and fitness of wild stocks. Whereas genetic introgression of domesticated stocks with wild stocks cannot be completely eliminated, some control can be gained by limiting the collection and culture of domesticated stocks to geographic units defined by the genetic structure of wild stocks. We describe the genetic structure of two species that are targeted for intensive enhancement and aquaculture in BC: Geoduck clams, Panopea abrupta and red sea urchins, Strongylocentrotus franciscanus. Based on a survey of eight polymorphic microsatellite loci, P. abrupta contained significant geographic structure within BC, with the distribution of genetic variation consistent with stepping stone gene flow under an isolation-by-distance model. A survey of seven polymorphic microsatellite loci covering a similar geographic range revealed genetic homogeneity of S. franciscanus in BC. Based on the different levels of structure displayed in the two species, we propose three geographically-based management units for P. abrupta and two for S. franciscanus in BC.
Application hints for Savitzky-Golay digital smoothing filters (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTApplication hints for Savitzky-Golay digital smoothing filtersManfred U. A. Bromba and Horst. ZieglerCite this: Anal. Chem. 1981, 53, 11, 1583–1586Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1981https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00234a011RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views2192Altmetric-Citations204LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (449 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Boroxine chemistry and applications: A perspective (2009)

This perspective summarizes the chemistry of boroxines and outlines progress towards incorporating these ring structures into functional materials and macromolecular architectures. Special attention is paid to the dynamic covalent chemistry of boroxine ring construction and how these processes lead to novel molecular architectures and functional materials. Also highlighted in this perspective is the rich chemistry surrounding boroxine-ligand interactions and how these interactions flavor many areas of boroxine chemistry.
Switched-capacitor frequency control loop [digital transducer] (1982)

A novel approach to digital transduction of physical quantities using a switched-capacitor frequency control loop is presented. The operation of the loop as well as its properties are explained. A few applications are outlined with supporting experimental results.
Effect of EM Wave from Mobile Phone on Skin Depth in Human Blood, Bone and Muscle (2018)

Cell phone technology has become an integral part of day to day life and it is used not only for voice messages but also for high resolution pictures and mainly the use of Internet. When cell phones are placed near to human body, the EM radiations emitted from the phone penetrate deep inside the body. The present paper investigations have been made to estimate skin depth of electromagnetic radiations inside human blood, muscle and bone as a function of frequency for different cellular frequency bands, 800–900 MHz, 1800–1900 MHz and 2300–2450 MHz, respectively. Results are obtained for different conductivities, resistivity values, and permeability at the above frequency bands for blood, muscle and bone and are presented in this paper. Cite this Article Usha Rani M, Srinivasa Baba VSSN, Srivalli Gundala. Effect of EM Wave from Mobile Phone on Skin Depth in Human Blood, Bone and Muscle. Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems. 2017; 7(3): 16–20p.
A New Approach to 1-Nitro-2,2-bis[alkyl- or arylamino]ethylenes: A New Synthesis of Ranitidine (1985)

Synthese par reaction de carbodiimides avec le nitro-methane, en presence d'hydrure de sodium dans le DMF
Recent advances in the development of selective, ATP-competitive inhibitors of mTOR. (2010)

mTOR is a serine-threonine kinase that plays a key role in the regulation of cellular growth. The mTOR pathway consists of two distinct complexes: mTOR/Raptor (mTORC1) and mTOR/Rictor (mTORC2). In response to changes in the levels of insulin, nutrients and energy supply, signaling through these complexes affects a variety of processes, including protein translation and cell proliferation. The efficacy of derivatives of the natural product rapamycin (sirolimus), which functions as an allosteric inhibitor of mTORC1, has validated mTOR inhibition as an anticancer treatment. More recently, extensive efforts have been focused on the discovery of ATP-competitive inhibitors of mTOR that would inhibit both mTORC1 and mTORC2 and may provide additional clinical benefit. This review provides a summary of recent research efforts in this field, focusing on mTOR inhibitors that are selective for mTOR over the related lipid kinase PI3K.
Sedução e servidão em um caso de LER/DORT: diálogo entre a psicodinâmica do trabalho e a sociologia clínica (2009)

This article presents the research report of a case of a bank teller with RSI/WMSD. Grounded on the principles of the Psychodynamics of Work and Clinical Sociology, it discusses the process of becoming ill crossed by a game of forces between the worker and the organization, in which she allows herself to be seduced by the promises of having her wishes come true; it further highlights the role of the defense strategies used by the worker to change the pathogenic sources of work and attribute a new meaning to suffering. A clinical interview individually performed was used to collect data; the interview was analyzed in accordance with the clinical analysis of the work, a methodology which allows the revealing of the intersubjective relations between the worker and the organization. The conclusion points towards the failure of the defense strategies, the self-acceleration of movements and the onset of RSI/WMSD, resulting from somatization and submission to the physical and psychical work overload.