gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synovial fluid lymphocytes differ from peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. (1982)

Peripheral blood (PBL) and synovial fluid lymphocytes (SFL) from 12 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were analyzed using monoclonal antibodies that detect specific T cell surface antigens (OKT3, OKT4, OKT8, SC1) and antigens associated with lymphocyte activation (anti-Ia, OKT10, B3/25). RA patients' PBL contained 1010 +/- 74 OKT4+ and 401 +/- 62 OKT8+ cells/mm3 (ratio OKT4+/OKT8+ = 2.4 +/- 0.3). In contrast, SFL from these patients exhibited a significantly different proportion of T cell subsets (ratio OKT4+/OKT8+ = 1.1 +/- 0.5) (p less than 0.0001) with 630 +/- 180 OKT4+ and 595 +/- 225 OKT8+ cells/mm3. Synovial fluid contained significantly more activated T cells based on the presence of Ia-positive T cells (19 +/- 5%) and reactivity with antibody OKT10 (49 +/- 7%) compared with RA-PBL (8 +/- 3% Ia-positive T cells and 13 +/- 6% OKT10+). Compared with RA-PBL, normal PBL contained an elevated number of OKT8+ cells (610 +/- 48/mm3), a similar number of OKT4+ cells (1040 +/- 86/mm3), and a lower percentage of activated lymphocytes (3 +/- 2% Ia-positive T cells and 10 +/- 8% OKT10+ cells). SFL, RA-PBL, and normal PBL all showed less than 3% cells reactive with antibody B3/25 (anti-transferrin receptor antibody), a marker found on in vitro activated T cells. These findings demonstrate that the lymphocytes at the site of inflammation differ significantly from the lymphocytes present in the peripheral blood of the same patients. RA patients had a small but significant decrease in the number of OKT8+ cells/mm3 compared with normal PBL (p less than 0.01), suggesting that this lymphocyte subset may home to synovial tissues, where it becomes activated.
Small Molecule Natural Products in the Discovery of Therapeutic Agents:  The Synthesis Connection (2006)

Natural products have been a rich source of agents of value in medicine. They have also inspired, at various levels, the fashioning of nonnatural agents of pharmaceutical import. Hitherto, these nonnatural derivatives have been primarily synthesized by manipulating the natural product. As a consequence of major innovations in the subscience of synthetic methodology, the capacity of synthesis to deal with molecules of considerable complexity has increased dramatically. In this paper, we show by example some total syntheses which draw from strategy-enabling advances in methodology. Moreover, we show how these capabilities can be used to discover and develop new agents of potential pharmaceutical value without recourse to the natural product itself.
Aptamer–Drug Conjugates (2015)

Western medicine often aims to specifically treat diseased tissues or organs. However, the majority of current therapeutics failed to do so owing to their limited selectivity and the consequent "off-target" side effects. Targeted therapy aims to enhance the selectivity of therapeutic effects and reduce adverse side effects. One approach toward this goal is to utilize disease-specific ligands to guide the delivery of less-specific therapeutics, such that the therapeutic effects can be guided specifically to diseased tissues or organs. Among these ligands, aptamers, also known as chemical antibodies, have emerged over the past decades as a novel class of targeting ligands that are capable of specific binding to disease biomarkers. Compared with other types of targeting ligands, aptamers have an array of unique advantageous features, which make them promising for developing aptamer-drug conjugates (ApDCs) for targeted therapy. In this Review, we will discuss ApDCs for targeted drug delivery in chemotherapy, gene therapy, immunotherapy, photodynamic therapy, and photothermal therapy, primarily of cancer.
Comparison of methods for erythroblast selection: Application to selecting fetal erythroblasts from maternal blood (2001)

Considering the need for a simple and quick method for selecting fetal cells from maternal blood, we suggest selection directly from whole blood.
Art of defense (2009)

In this paper, we present Art of Defense (AoD), a cooperative handheld augmented reality (AR) game. AoD is an example of what we call an AR Board Game, a class of tabletop games that combine handheld computers (such as camera phones) with physical game pieces to create a merged physical/virtual game on the table-top. This paper discusses the technical aspects of the game, the design rationale and process we followed, and the resulting player experience. The goal of this research is to explore the affordances and constraints of handheld AR interfaces for collaborative social games, and to create a game that leverages them as fully as possible. The results from the user study show that the game is fun to play, and that by tightly registering the virtual content with the tangible game pieces, tabletop AR games enable a kind of social play experience unlike non-AR computer games. We hope this research will inspire the creation of other handheld augmented reality games in the future, both on and off the tabletop.
High Capacity Li–O[sub 2] Cell and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Study (2010)

Investigations on Li-air cell have gained great interest in recent years. In the present work, cells are fabricated with dual layer carbon electrodes consisting of an active layer and a diffusion layer employing a high surface area carbon. Discharge capacity measured at a current density of is as high as , which corresponds to . Impedance spectra recorded during different stages of cell discharge suggest that the cell resistances increase gradually due to accumulation of reaction products of reduction, namely, and inside the pores of carbon electrode.
Three-dimensional gantt chart based resource-constrained multiple projects scheduling and critical chain identification (2011)

Aiming at resources-constrained multiple projects scheduling problem (RCMPSP), a three-dimensional representation is presented through extending the two-dimensional representation of resources-constrained scheduling problem by adding resource dimension to the two-dimensional Gantt chart. It can clearly display the resources consumption of every activity and provide valuable reference for concerning bottleneck resources and solving the resources conflict. In addition, a hybrid algorithm which combined the merits of bidirectional scheduling and parallel schedule generation scheme (PSGS) is proposed to optimize the RCMPSP. Furthermore how to use the presented three-dimensional Gantt chart to represent the schedule and identify critical chain is also described in details. The results of single project with single resource scheduling, single project with multiple resources scheduling, multiple projects with single resource scheduling and multiple projects with multiple resources scheduling show that the proposed approach is effective and explicit for resource constrained project scheduling and critical chain identification.
Lipid profile variations in a group of healthy elderly and centenarians. (1999)

Epidemiological and clinical studies have clearly shown a close relationship between plasma cholesterol concentrations and vascular risk. We focused our attention on the phenotypic-biohumoral conditions capable of influencing longevity in relation to different age classes. We evaluated the lipid profile in an elderly institutionalized population of 80 subjects (20 males and 60 females divided into age classes) in the town of Catania. Our results revealed a statistically significant reduction in total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol concentrations as well as Apolipoprotein B100/Apolipoprotein A1, total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratios, and a significant increase in HDL-cholesterol, Apolipoprotein A1, Apolipoprotein B100 and Lipoprotein (a) values. This changes are progressive with age. We believe that low total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations, elevated HDL-cholesterol values, and low ratios protect subjects from ischemic and thrombotic events, thus favouring longevity. These changes are most evident and statistically significant in the most advanced decades of life, especially in centenarians, and may depend on diverse determinants, such as body composition, environmental factors, physical activity, diet and drugs.
A Language to Support Automatic Composition of Newscasts 1 (1998)

Video production involves the selection, manipulation, and composition of video segments to achieve a refined piece suitable for an intended audience. By associating metadata with each segment it is possible to automate this production process. For example, a mechanism is achievable for the purpose of creating dynamically assembled compositions for information customization applications including news-on-demand. In this paper we propose a grammar and associated production constraints necessary to facilitate automatic video composition in the news domain. The grammar encompasses composition based on content as well as structure of a newscast. In addition to providing a framework for logical composition of information, the grammar provides constraints for customization of information under bounds on playout duration or content selected by a user. We demonstrate how the language assists automatic information manipulation and composition of a newscast specifically when data are acquired fr...
Factor IXa Inhibitors as Novel Anticoagulants (2007)

Currently available anticoagulants are limited by modest therapeutic benefits, narrow clinical applications, increased bleeding risk, and drug-induced thrombophilia. Because factor IX plays a pivotal role in tissue factor (TF)-mediated thrombin generation, it may represent a promising target for drug development. Several methods of attenuating factor IX activity, including monoclonal antibodies, synthetic active site-blocked competitive inhibitors, oral inhibitors, and RNA aptamers, have undergone investigation. This review summarizes present knowledge of factor IX inhibitors with emphasis on biology, pharmacology, preclinical data, and early-phase clinical experience in humans.
CamWorks: a video-based tool for efficient capture from paper source documents (2003)

We describe the design and evaluation of CamWorks, a system that employs a video camera as a means of supporting capture from paper sources during reading and writing. The user can view a live video image of the source document alongside the electronic document in preparation. We describe a novel user interface developed to support selection of text in the video window, and several new techniques for segmentation, restoration and resolution enhancement of camera images. An evaluation shows substantially faster text capture than with flatbed scanning.
Serum BLyS Level as a Prognostic Marker in Patients with Lymphoma. (2005)

Abstract Background: BLyS is a TNF family member which was recently shown to play a critical role for survival of normal and malignant B cells. BLyS is expressed by monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells as well as lymphoma cells, where its expression levels increase as tumors transform to a more aggressive phenotype. Previous small studies suggested that serum BLyS level is elevated in some proportion of patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Little is known if serum BLyS level has prognostic value in patients with lymphoma. Thus, we determined serum soluble BLyS levels in 191 samples obtained from patients with various forms of lymphoma, and correlated them with the clinical characteristics and the prognosis. Materials and Methods: We analyzed serum BLyS level with ELISA in normal individuals and patients with newly diagnosed or relapsed lymphoma. Patients’ histopathological diagnosis, stage, presence of bulky disease, serum LDH, serum beta-2 microglobulin (b2m), IPI score, FLIPI score, progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were correlated with serum BLyS levels. For survival analysis. Results: The sensitivity of the ELISA assay was 0.4 ng/ml. Serum samples from 93 normal individuals,135 newly diagnosed patients with lymphoma, and 56 patients with relapsed lymphoma were examined for serum soluble BLyS levels. Median serum BLyS levels were &lt;0.4ng/ml (range 0–0.5) in normal individuals, 1.8ng/ml (0–60.0) in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), &lt;0.4ng/ml (0–28.5) in small lymphocytic lymphoma, &lt;0.4ng/ml (0–0.94) in marginal zone lymphoma, 1.43ng/ml (0–26.2) in follicular grade 1/2, 1.3ng/ml (0–32.1) in follicular grade 3, 1.9ng/ml (0–6.9) in diffuse large B cell lymphoma, 1.4ng/ml (0–2.8) in immunoblastic lymphoma, &lt;0.4ng/ml (0–14.7) in mantle cell lymphoma. BLyS levels did not correlate with stage, presence of bulky disease, serum LDH, serum b2m, IPI score, FLIPI score. Elevated BLyS levels (&gt;=2ng/ml) were observed more frequently in patients with relapsed lymphomas (42/56, 75%) than in patients with newly diagnosed lymphomas (46/136, 45%, p&lt;0.0001) (Table). BLyS levels were more frequently elevated in relapsed HL than relapsed NHL (p=0.02). Elevated serum BLyS levels were associated with shorter PFS in all patients with relapsed lymphoma (median 2.4 vs 13.4 month, p=0.03, by Wilcoxon), and in patients with relapsed aggressive NHL (1.1 month vs 40.5 months, p=0.02). Patients with elevated BLyS levels had shorter OS in all patients with relapsed lymphoma (median 14.8 vs 49.3 months, p=0.01). Elevated BLyS levels in patients with newly diagnosed lymphoma had no significant impact on PFS or OS in our study. Conclusion: Serum BLyS levels are frequently elevated in patients with lymphoma, especially HL. Serum BLyS level is particularly higher in patients with relapsed disease, and is associated with poor prognosis in those patients group. Our study suggests the promising role of BLyS in the prognostication of patients with lymphoma, particularly aggressive NHL and HL.
Integrin binding specificity of laminin-10/11: laminin-10/11 are recognized by alpha 3 beta 1, alpha 6 beta 1 and alpha 6 beta 4 integrins. (2000)

Laminin-10/11, the laminin isoforms containing the alpha 5 chain, are major components of basement membranes of many fetal and adult tissues. Laminin-10/11 purified from the conditioned medium of human lung carcinoma cells were potent in mediating adhesion of the carcinoma cells in an integrin alpha 3 beta 1-dependent manner. To further define the type(s) of integrins involved in cell adhesion to laminin-10/11, we examined the effects of a panel of function-blocking anti-integrin antibodies on the adhesion of different cell types to laminin-10/11. Although anti-integrin beta 1 antibody inhibited the adhesion of all cell types tested, anti-alpha 3 antibody inhibited the adhesion of carcinoma and glioma cells but not fibroblastic cells. Adhesion of fibroblastic cells was inhibited, however, by a combination of anti-alpha 3 and anti-alpha 6 antibodies, suggesting that both alpha 3 beta 1 and alpha 6 beta 1 integrins function as laminin-10/11 receptors in these cells. To explore this possibility, we examined the adhesion of K562 leukemic cells transfected with integrin alpha 3 or alpha 6 subunit to laminin-10/11 or other laminin isoforms. Laminin-10/11 were potent adhesive ligands for both the alpha 3 beta 11 and alpha 6 beta 1 transfectants, whereas laminin-5 was the preferred ligand for the alpha 3 beta 1 transfectants. Upon stimulation with the activating anti-integrin beta 1 antibody, both transfectants became more adherent to the substratum regardless of the type of laminins coated, although their preference for laminin isoforms remained unaltered. K562 cells transfected with alpha 6 and beta 4 subunits were also capable of adhering to laminin-10/11, indicating that integrin alpha 6 beta 4 is another receptor for laminin-10/11. Even with lung carcinoma cells, the alpha 6-containing integrins partly contributed to adhesion to laminin-10/11 at higher coating concentrations, although non-integrin receptor(s) might also be involved under such conditions. These results indicated that laminin-10/11 are potent and versatile adhesive ligands in basement membranes capable of binding to both alpha 3 beta 1 and alpha 6 beta 1 integrins with high avidity and also to alpha 6 beta 4 integrin.
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Some New Pyrazole, Fused Pyrazolo[3,4-d]-pyrimidine and Pyrazolo[4,3-e][1,2,4]- triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine Derivatives (2008)

Hydrazonyl bromides 2a,b reacted with active methylene compounds (dibenzoylmethane, acetylacetone, ethyl acetoacetate, phenacyl cyanide, acetoacetanilide, ethyl cyanoacetate, cyanoacetamide and malononitrile) to afford the corresponding 1,3,4,5- tetrasubstituted pyrazole derivatives 5-12a,b. Reaction of 12a,b with formamide, formic acid and triethyl orthoformate give the pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine, pyrazolo[3,4- d]pyrimidin-4(3H)one and 5-ethoxymethylene-aminopyrazole-4-carbo-nitrile derivatives 13-15a,b, respectively. Compounds 15 a,b reacted with benzhydrazide and hydrazine hydrate to afford pyrazolo[4,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine and [4-iminopyrazolo- [3,4-d]pyrimidin-5-yl]amine derivatives 16 a,b and 17 a,b. Reactions of compounds 17 a,b with triethyl orthoformate and carbon disulfide give the corresponding pyrazolo[4,3-e]- [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine derivatives 18a,b and 19 a,b, respectively.
Virulence Inhibitors from Brazilian Peppertree Block Quorum Sensing and Abate Dermonecrosis in Skin Infection Models (2017)

Widespread antibiotic resistance is on the rise and current therapies are becoming increasingly limited in both scope and efficacy. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) represents a major contributor to this trend. Quorum sensing controlled virulence factors include secreted toxins responsible for extensive damage to host tissues and evasion of the immune system response; they are major contributors to morbidity and mortality. Investigation of botanical folk medicines for wounds and infections led us to study Schinus terebinthifolia (Brazilian Peppertree) as a potential source of virulence inhibitors. Here, we report the inhibitory activity of a flavone rich extract "430D-F5" against all S. aureus accessory gene regulator (agr) alleles in the absence of growth inhibition. Evidence for this activity is supported by its agr-quenching activity (IC<sub>50</sub> 2-32 μg mL<sup>-1</sup>) in transcriptional reporters, direct protein outputs (α-hemolysin and δ-toxin), and an in vivo skin challenge model. Importantly, 430D-F5 was well tolerated by human keratinocytes in cell culture and mouse skin in vivo; it also demonstrated significant reduction in dermonecrosis following skin challenge with a virulent strain of MRSA. This study provides an explanation for the anti-infective activity of peppertree remedies and yields insight into the potential utility of non-biocide virulence inhibitors in treating skin infections.
Passive hemagglutination inhibition test for diagnosis of brown recluse spider bite envenomation (1993)

Our goal was to recreate a passive hemagglutination inhibition (PHAI) test to diagnose brown recluse spider (BRS; Loxosceles reclusa) bite envenomation for treatment trials. Guinea pigs received intradermal injections of concentrated spider venom from the following species: Loxosceles reclusa, Argiope aurantia, Argiope trifasciata, Phidippus audax, and Lycosa frondicola. Skin lesion exudate was collected and tested with the BRS venom PHAI assay. From 51 separate collections of exudate, test sensitivity was 90% as long as 3 days after venom injection. Specificity was 100% with venom from the other spider species listed above in vivo (7 test samples) and in vitro (5 test samples), as well as with random bacterial exudate with and without added serial dilutions of BRS venom (10 test samples). The test was reproducible over repetitive assays to within one 10-fold dilution. A positive PHAI test result could function as an entry criterion for BRS bite victims in human treatment trials.
Permeability of the cell wall of <i>Mycobacterium smegmatis</i> (1994)

The cell wall of Mycobacterium smegmatis mc2155 was shown to be an effective permeability barrier to hydrophilic compounds. Permeability coefficients to beta-lactams ranged from 10 x 10(-7) to 0.5 x 10(-7) cms-1. Cell wall proteins were solubilized with EDTA and Genapol and were tested for channel-forming activity by reconstitution into lipid bilayers. Proteins were able to induce a voltage-gated cation-selective channel. The mycobacterial porin channel appeared to be water-filled since the single-channel conductance followed the mobility sequence of hydrated ions in the aqueous phase. On the basis of the Renkin equation and the single-channel conductance, the channel diameter was estimated to be around 3 nm. Model calculations showed that cation selectivity may be caused by four negative point-charges at the channel mouth. The permeability properties of the cell wall of intact cells were in good agreement with those of the reconstituted channel. Negatively charged cephalosporins, cefamandole and cephalothin, diffused at a 10- to 20-fold lower rate than the zwitterionic cephaloridine. The mycobacterial porin represents a major hydrophilic pathway of the cell wall of M. smegmatis.
High-throughput tissue microarray analysis of 3p25 (RAF1) and 8p12 (FGFR1) copy number alterations in urinary bladder cancer. (2001)

Studies by comparative genomic hybridization revealed that the chromosomal regions 3p25 and 8p11-p12 are recurrently amplified in bladder cancer. To investigate the prevalence of DNA copy number alterations in these chromosomal regions and study their clinical significance, we used probes for the RAF1 (3p25) and FGFR1 (8p12) genes for fluorescence in situ hybridization. A tissue microarray containing 2317 tumors was analyzed. The analysis revealed RAF1 amplification in 4.0% and FGFR1 amplification in 3.4% of interpretable tumors. In addition, deletions were found at the 3p25 locus in 2.2% and at the 8p11-12 locus in 9.9% of interpretable tumors. Both amplifications and deletions of RAF1 and FGFR1 were significantly associated with high tumor grade (P < 0.0001), advanced stage (P < 0.0001), and poor survival (P < 0.05) if tumors of all of the stages where analyzed together. RAF1 amplifications were associated with subsequent tumor progression in pT1 carcinomas (P < 0.05). The marked differences in the frequency of all of the analyzed changes between pTa grade 1/grade 2 and pT1-4 carcinomas support the concept of these tumor groups representing different tumor entities.
The elements of the Earth's magnetism for the Epochs 1600, 1650, 1700, 1780, 1842 and 1885, and their secular changes derived from observations calculated using the coefficients of the Gaussian "General Theory of Earth's Magnetism" (1982)

After a historical review of the theory of the Earth's magnetism, the author indicates how the theory may be improved and gives results of his own calculations for the Epoch 1842.