gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Co‐culture of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Spheroids with Autologous Monocytes Predicts Prognosis (2008)

Co-culture of monocytes with autologous fragment (F) spheroids originating from malignant (M) tumour or benign (B) control mucosa of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) yields interleukin (IL)-6 and monocyte chemo-attractant protein (MCP)-1 secretion. This study investigates the association between this cytokine co-culture response and prognosis. Analysis of IL-6 and MCP-1 content of supernatants from monocytes in vitro co-culture with autologous MF- or BF-spheroids was investigated in a cohort of HNSCC patients (n = 65) diagnosed between 1998 and 2005, all of whom were treated with curative intent by primary surgery. The IL-6 response was expressed as a fraction of the lipopolysaccharid response of the same batch of monocytes. Recurrence, survival and causes of death were then established following the second part of 2005. MCP-1 levels did not predict prognosis. We found that increased levels of IL-6 from autologous monocytes in co-culture with MF-spheroids predicted recurrence with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.5 [confidence interval (CI): 1.01-2.60; P = 0.05] and co-culture with BF-spheroids and monocytes predicted recurrence (HR = 4.17; CI: 1.54-11.29; P = 0.005). The same results where obtained in addition with TNM stage of the patients. Simultaneous analysis of BF- and MF-spheroid co-culture IL-6 responses as well as adjustment for age and TNM stage of the patients allowed prediction of total survival (HR = 3.1; CI: 1.11-8.56; P = 0.03) based on BF co-culture levels. IL-6 secreted upon in vitro co-culture with monocytes and BF-spheroids predicts recurrence and prognosis, whereas co-culture with monocytes and MF-spheroids predicts recurrence.
Scalable video coding with managed drift (2003)

Traditional scalable video encoders sacrifice coding efficiency to reduce error propagation because they have avoided using enhancement-layer (EL) information to predict the base layer (BL) to prevent the error propagation termed "drift". Drift can produce very poor video quality if left unchecked. We propose a video coder with significantly better compression efficiency because it intentionally allows the drift produced by predicting the BL from the EL. Our drift management system balances the tradeoff between compression efficiency and error propagation. The proposed scalable coder uses a spatially adaptive procedure that optimally selects key encoder parameters: the quantizer and the prediction strategy. Our numerical results indicate the encoder is very powerful, and the selection procedure is effective. The video quality of our coder at low rates is only marginally worse than the drift-free case, while its overall compression efficiency is not much worse than a one-layer nonscalable encoder.
Biomimetic cilia arrays generate simultaneous pumping and mixing regimes (2010)

Living systems employ cilia to control and to sense the flow of fluids for many purposes, such as pumping, locomotion, feeding, and tissue morphogenesis. Beyond their use in biology, functional arrays of artificial cilia have been envisaged as a potential biomimetic strategy for inducing fluid flow and mixing in lab-on-a-chip devices. Here we report on fluid transport produced by magnetically actuated arrays of biomimetic cilia whose size approaches that of their biological counterparts, a scale at which advection and diffusion compete to determine mass transport. Our biomimetic cilia recreate the beat shape of embryonic nodal cilia, simultaneously generating two sharply segregated regimes of fluid flow: Above the cilia tips their motion causes directed, long-range fluid transport, whereas below the tips we show that the cilia beat generates an enhanced diffusivity capable of producing increased mixing rates. These two distinct types of flow occur simultaneously and are separated in space by less than 5 microm, approximately 20% of the biomimetic cilium length. While this suggests that our system may have applications as a versatile microfluidics device, we also focus on the biological implications of our findings. Our statistical analysis of particle transport identifying an enhanced diffusion regime provides novel evidence for the existence of mixing in ciliated systems, and we demonstrate that the directed transport regime is Poiseuille-Couette flow, the first analytical model consistent with biological measurements of fluid flow in the embryonic node.
Imaging experimental atherosclerotic lesions in ApoE knockout mice: enhanced targeting with Z2D3-anti-DTPA bispecific antibody and 99mTc-labeled negatively charged polymers. (2006)

Use of bispecific antibody complexes and (99m)Tc-DTPA-succinyl-polylysine enabled in vivo visualization of very small atherosclerotic lesions in ApoE knockout mice.
Glycoprotein-D–Adjuvant Vaccine to Prevent Genital Herpes (2002)

These studies suggest that the glycoprotein D vaccine has efficacy against genital herpes in women who are seronegative for both HSV-1 and HSV-2 at base line but not in those who are seropositive for HSV-1 and seronegative for HSV-2. It had no efficacy in men, regardless of their HSV serologic status.
Re-examination of the DNA-mediated transformation in goldfish. (1983)

DNAs were isolated from goldfish, and the balancer bearing species of newt. They were injected separately into fertilized goldfish eggs. A balancer developed in some newt-DNA injected goldfish. DNA injected goldfish eggs occasionally developed a non-balancer process. These results demonstrated the newt DNA-mediated transfer of the species character from newt to goldfish. The injected DNA was localized by the method of autoradiography using H3-cDNA. Silver grains were found in areas over the colchicine induced metaphase. The incorporation of foreign DNA into chromosomes provides a material basis for genetic transformation.
Baroreflex Gain Predicts Blood Pressure Recovery During Simulated Ventricular Tachycardia in Humans (1999)

These data strongly suggest that arterial baroreflex gain contributes significantly to hemodynamic stability during simulated VT. Knowledge of baroreflex gain in individual patients may help the clinician tailor therapy directed toward sustained VT.
Superstrate-Type Cu(In, Ga)Se<sub>2</sub> Thin Film Solar Cells with ZnO Buffer Layers (1998)

We have proposed the use of ZnO as a new buffer material in superstrate-type Cu(In, Ga)Se 2 (CIGS) solar cells. Little or no interdiffusion was found at the ZnO/CIGS interface, allowing the use of high temperatures for CIGS deposition. As a result, superstrate-type CIGS solar cells with efficiencies reaching as high as 10% were achieved for the first time by using this buffer material along with the inclusion of sodium sulfide (Na 2 S) during CIGS deposition.
Permutation Groups, Complexes, and Rearrangeable Connecting Networks (1964)

In the interest of providing good telephone service with efficient connecting networks, it is desirable to have at hand a knowledge of some of the combinatorial properties of such networks. One of these properties is rearrangeability: a connecting network is rearrangeable if its permitted states realize every assignment of inlets to outlets, or alternatively, if given any state x of the network, any inlet idle in x, and any outlet idle in x, there is a way of assigning new routes (if necessary) to the calls in progress in x so that the idle inlet can be connected to the idle outlet. A natural algebraic and combinatorial approach to the study of rearrangeable networks is described, with attention centered principally on two-sided networks built of stages of square crossbar switches, each stage having N inlets and N outlets. The approach is based in part on the elementary theory of permutation groups. The principal problem posed (and partly answered) is this: What connecting networks built of stages are rearrangeable? Sufficient conditions, including all previously known results, are formulated and exemplified.
Characterization of a cDNA coding for human factor XII (Hageman factor) (1986)

Affinity-purified antibody against human factor XII (Hageman factor) has been radiolabeled with 125I and employed as a probe to screen a human liver cDNA expression library prepared in lambda gt11. Approximately 3.5 X 10(6) recombinant phages were screened for factor XII, and two positive clones were identified and plaque purified. The largest cDNA coding for factor XII was 1571 base pairs in length and coded for amino acid residues 127-596 in the mature protein, a termination codon of TGA, a 3' noncoding sequence of 147 nucleotides, and a poly(A) tail of 11 nucleotides. The second clone contained an insert of 1334 base pairs and coded for amino acid residues 200-596. The amino acid sequence predicted by the cDNAs was in excellent agreement with that previously determined by amino acid sequence analysis. The amino acid and DNA sequences in human factor XII showed considerable homology with the corresponding domains in other serine proteases, including prothrombin, plasminogen, tissue plasminogen activator, and urokinase.
Differential Connexin Function Enhances Self-Renewal in Glioblastoma (2015)

The coordination of complex tumor processes requires cells to rapidly modify their phenotype and is achieved by direct cell-cell communication through gap junction channels composed of connexins. Previous reports have suggested that gap junctions are tumor suppressive based on connexin 43 (Cx43), but this does not take into account differences in connexin-mediated ion selectivity and intercellular communication rate that drive gap junction diversity. We find that glioblastoma cancer stem cells (CSCs) possess functional gap junctions that can be targeted using clinically relevant compounds to reduce self-renewal and tumor growth. Our analysis reveals that CSCs express Cx46, while Cx43 is predominantly expressed in non-CSCs. During differentiation, Cx46 is reduced, while Cx43 is increased, and targeting Cx46 compromises CSC maintenance. The difference between Cx46 and Cx43 is reflected in elevated cell-cell communication and reduced resting membrane potential in CSCs. Our data demonstrate a pro-tumorigenic role for gap junctions that is dependent on connexin expression.
Purification and Characterization of Novel Toxin Produced by<i>Vibrio cholerae</i>O1 (1999)

Vibrio cholerae WO7 (serogroup O1) isolated from patients with diarrhea produces an extracellular toxin despite the absence of ctx, zot, and ace genes from its genome. The toxin elongates Chinese hamster ovary cells, produces fluid accumulation in ligated rabbit ileal loops, and agglutinates freshly isolated rabbit erythrocytes. Maximal production of this toxin (WO7 toxin) was seen in AKI medium with the pH adjusted to 8.5 at 37 degrees C under shaking conditions. We purified this toxin to homogeneity by sequential ammonium sulfate precipitation, affinity chromatography using a fetuin-Sepharose CL-4B column, and gel filtration chromatography, which increased the specific activity of the toxin by 1.6 x 10(6)-fold. The toxin is heat labile and sensitive to proteases and has a subunit structure consisting of two subunits with molecular masses of about 58 and 40 kDa as estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Agglutination of GM1-coated sheep erythrocytes by toxin suggests that GM1 might be the physiologic receptor for WO7 toxin on the enterocytes. An immunodiffusion test between the antiserum raised against the purified WO7 toxin and the purified toxin gave a well-defined precipitation band. In the immunoblot assay, two bands were observed in the 58- and 40-kDa region. At the same time, antiserum against WO7 toxin failed to show any cross-reactivity with cholera toxin or Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin (LT1) in an immunodiffusion test or immunoblot assay. The enterotoxic activity of WO7 toxin could be inhibited by antiserum against purified WO7 toxin. Our results indicate that WO7 toxin is structurally and functionally distinct from other cholera toxins and that the enterotoxic activities expressed by WO7 toxin appear to contribute to the pathogenesis of disease associated with V. cholerae O1 strains.
Cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding the rat brain glucose-transporter protein. (1986)

Antibody raised against the human erythrocyte glucose transporter identified a recombinant lambda gt11 bacteriophage in a cDNA library prepared from immunoselected polysomal RNA from adult rat brain. The cDNA predicts a 492-amino acid protein that demonstrates 97.6% identity to the human hepatoma hexose carrier. The tissue distribution of the transporter mRNA is identical to that of immunologically identifiable protein and transport activity, except in liver in which high levels of transport are associated with little or no transporter mRNA or protein. As assayed by blot-hybridization analysis, mRNA from insulin-responsive and nonresponsive tissues are indistinguishable. These data suggest that a genetically unrelated protein is responsible for hexose transport in normal liver.
From bench to bedside: discovering rules for antibody design, and improving serotherapy with monoclonal antibodies (2001)

Anti-T-cell monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) form a unique class of therapeutic agent. Their precise specificity offers tremendous potential for the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases but also prevents meaningful preclinical animal studies. In particular, adverse reactions to therapy may be unanticipated, and the first administration of a novel T-cell mAb to a patient thus marks the beginning of a unique experiment. By comparing clinical parameters and laboratory measurements, small-scale pilot studies can provide detailed information about mAb biology that both predicts and suggests solutions to the complications of therapy. In this essay I illustrate this concept with reference to three specific areas: lymphocyte depletion, mAb immunogenicity and cytokine-release syndromes. In each case, systematic clinical and laboratory science has improved our understanding of the problem and suggested solutions; most of these solutions have been or are being adopted. Thus, small, open studies are an essential step in the development of novel mAbs, provide an ideal platform for the study of mAb biology, and serve as an early warning system for potential adverse effects.
Mucosal Inflammation in Asthma (1990)

Over the past decade, it has become increasingly recognized that airways inflammation is one of the major components of asthma. Until recently, measurements of bronchial responsiveness and mediators of allergic reactions were the only methods of studying pathogenetic mechanisms in asthma. With improved diagnostic procedures such as fiberoptic bronchoscopy, it has become possible to investigate these mechanisms and the resulting inflammatory changes in situ. BAL has highlighted the presence of mast cells and eosinophils and has given proof of their mediator participation in airways inflammation and hyperresponsiveness. Endobronchial biopsies have so far yielded results that are similar to those obtained from postmortem studies, although it appears that there are varying degrees of inflammation in living asthmatics. Even in mild disease, the histopathologic features of bronchial asthma are consistent with chronic inflammation. Indirect evidence obtained from allergen challenge leading to increased bronchial hyperresponsiveness during LAR, and direct evidence of inflammatory cells and their mediators in the airway mucosa and lumen after allergen challenge argue for an active role of cells in bringing about inflammatory changes. At present, however, it is not possible to relate precisely the findings obtained by bronchoscopy to the clinical presentation and progression of asthma. Cell activation with production of potent mediators of inflammation may be more relevant to inflammation than the simple presence of these cells in the airways. Almost all the inflammatory cells present in the bronchial wall and lumen have been implicated in the pathogenesis of mucosal inflammation in asthma, but with our current state of knowledge, none can be singled out as the most important contributor. The mast cell was the first to be investigated in depth, and despite the accumulation of large amounts of data concerning its ultrastructure and function, it remains uncertain to what extent this cell is involved in inflammatory responses. Thus, while its main role appears to be that of initiator of allergen-induced responses, the eosinophil has attracted more attention as a proinflammatory cell rather than as an antiinflammatory cell with a capacity to be selectively recruited from the circulation in response to IgE-dependent signals. The eosinophil secretes potent mediators that cause damage to the bronchial epithelium and lead to bronchoconstriction. The role of other cells is at present not as well defined.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Diameter-controlled synthesis of single-crystal silicon nanowires (2001)

Monodisperse silicon nanowires were synthesized by exploiting well-defined gold nanoclusters as catalysts for one-dimensional growth via a vapor–liquid–solid mechanism. Transmission electron microscopy studies of the materials grown from 5, 10, 20, and 30 nm nanocluster catalysts showed that the nanowires had mean diameters of 6, 12, 20, and 31 nm, respectively, and were thus well defined by the nanocluster sizes. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that the nanowires have single-crystal silicon cores sheathed with 1–3 nm of amorphous oxide and that the cores remain highly crystalline for diameters as small as 2 nm.
Supporting resource discovery among public Internet archives using a spectrum of information quality (2002)

Wide area networks offer access to an increasing number and variety of resources. Yet, it is difficult to locate resources of interest, because of the scale and decentralized nature of the environment. The authors are interested in supporting a global confederation of loosely cooperating systems and users that share far more resources than can be completely organized. Therefore, mechanisms are needed to support incremental organization of the resources, based on the efforts of many geographically decentralized individuals, and a range of different information sources of varying degrees of quality. The authors describe a prototype implementation of a set of mechanisms intended to explore this problem in the specific domain of public Internet archives, accessible via the anonymous file transfer protocol. This is an interesting test case, because it encompasses a very large scale, administratively decentralized collection of resources, with considerably practical value.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Comparison of cell proliferation and epigenetic modification of gene expression patterns in canine foetal fibroblasts and adipose tissue‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (2012)

cAd-MSC have higher stem-cell potential than cFF in terms of proliferation patterns, epigenetic modification and pluripotency, thus cAd-MSC could be more appropriate than cFF as donors of nuclei in somatic cell nuclear transfer for transgenesis.
Effects of carbamazepine on thyroid hormone metabolism in rat brain (1995)

Marble burying has been suggested as a model of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) based on the fact that specific serotonin reuptake inhibitors selectively influenced this response. Studying the behaviour we observed that mice also exhibited intense digging activity in the absence of glass marbles. This digging activity showed no habituation either between sessions or within a session, and it could be inhibited by psychotropic drugs in a manner similar to the marble burying response. On the basis of the results a methodological and a theoretical conclusion can be drawn. First, it is concluded that glass marbles themselves do not necessarily provide a fear-provoking stimulus but they serve rather as a convenient means of measuring the intensity of digging activity. Alternative ways of measuring the intensity of digging gave high correlations with marble burying. Second, the behaviour observed is not burying (the marbles) but digging/burrowing (the bedding material), which is elicited by the presence of a "diggable" ground. The putative compulsive nature of this behaviour may add support to the hypothesis that marble burying may be a model of OCD.
Bone marrow dosimetry: regional variability of marrow-localizing antibody. (1996)

A single value is generally quoted for the absorbed dose delivered to the red marrow following marrow-localizing radiolabeled antibody administration. These results suggest that the regional marrow dose may differ significantly from the mean.
Excitonic Solar Cells (2003)

Existing types of solar cells may be divided into two distinct classes: conventional solar cells, such as silicon p−n junctions, and excitonic solar cells, XSCs. Most organic-based solar cells, including dye-sensitized solar cells, DSSCs, fall into the category of XSCs. In these cells, excitons are generated upon light absorption, and if not created directly at the heterointerface as in DSSCs, they must diffuse to it in order to photogenerate charge carriers. The distinguishing characteristic of XSCs is that charge carriers are generated and simultaneously separated across a heterointerface. In contrast, photogeneration of free electron−hole pairs occurs throughout the bulk semiconductor in conventional cells, and carrier separation upon their arrival at the junction is a subsequent process. This apparently minor mechanistic distinction results in fundamental differences in photovoltaic behavior. For example, the open circuit photovoltage Voc in conventional cells is limited to less than the magnitude of the band bending Øbi; however, Voc in XSCs is commonly greater than Øbi. Early work on solid-state excitonic solar cells is described as are excitonic processes in general and the use of carrier-selective (energy-selective) contacts to enhance Voc. Then studies of DSSCs, which provide a particularly simple example of XSCs, are described. A general theoretical description applicable to all solar cells is employed to quantify the differences between conventional and excitonic cells. The key difference is the dominant importance, in XSCs, of the photoinduced chemical potential energy gradient ∇μhν, which was created by the interfacial exciton dissociation process. Numerical simulations demonstrate the difference in photoconversion mechanism caused solely by changing the spatial distribution of the photogenerated carriers. Finally, the similarities and differences are explored between the three major types of XSCs: organic semiconductor cells with planar interfaces, bulk heterojunction cells, and DSSCs.
Optimal Real-Weighted Beamforming With Application to Linear and Spherical Arrays (2012)

One of the uses of sensor arrays is for spatial filtering or beamforming. Current digital signal processing methods facilitate complex-weighted beamforming, providing flexibility in array design. Previous studies proposed the use of real-valued beamforming weights, which although reduce flexibility in design, may provide a range of benefits, e.g., simplified beamformer implementation or efficient beamforming algorithms. This paper presents a new method for the design of arrays with real-valued weights, that achieve maximum directivity, providing closed-form solution to array weights. The method is studied for linear and spherical arrays, where it is shown that rigid spherical arrays are particularly suitable for real-weight designs as they do not suffer from grating lobes, a dominant feature in linear arrays with real weights. A simulation study is presented for linear and spherical arrays, along with an experimental investigation, validating the theoretical developments.