gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selective amplification of additional members of the ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) family: cloning of additional human and Drosophila ARF-like genes. (1993)

The ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) family is one of four subfamilies of the RAS superfamily of low molecular weight GTP-binding proteins (G proteins). Highly degenerate oligonucleotides encoding two conserved regions were used in a PCR reaction to amplify cDNAs encoding each of the known ARF proteins and eight additional cDNA fragments encoding previously unreported human members of the ARF family. Additional sequences were obtained from yeast or fly libraries by using this technique. These oligonucleotides specifically amplify members of the ARF family but not the structurally related G protein alpha subunits or members of the other three subfamilies of the RAS superfamily. Fragments obtained by PCR were used to obtain full-length sequences encoding highly homologous ARF-like (ARL) gene products from human and Drosophila melanogaster libraries, termed ARL2 and Ar184F, respectively. The encoded proteins are each 184 amino acids long and are 76% identical, with 40-45% identity to human ARF1 and Drosophila arf-like (arl) proteins. These genes appear to be generally expressed in human tissues and during Drosophila development. The purified human ARL2 protein differed in several biochemical properties from human ARF proteins, including the complete absence of ARF activity. Thus, the ARF family of low molecular weight GTP-binding proteins includes at least 15 distinct but structurally conserved members, including both the functionally conserved ARF proteins and the functionally disparate ARL proteins. The latter proteins currently comprise two distinct gene products in Drosophila (arl and ARL84F) and one in man (ARL2).
Hydrocarbon Accumulation in Lacustrine Turbidite in the Rift Basin, Bohai Bay (2006)

turbidites 的三种类型在学习区域被识别，包括沿着北陡峭的斜坡(经由短距离的交通的冲积扇子，扇子三角洲，和水下的扇子)的近似 turbidite ，沿着南部的轻轻的斜坡的远侧的 turbidites (三角洲和扇子三角洲前面滑动叠)，并且在中央消沉的 fluxoturbidite 。在沉积外形和差错之间的几病历和关系的详细研究建议在 turbidite 的开发的构造设定和差错的一个重要角色，创造了来源区域，完成了斜坡地形学，控制了气候和paleo环境，并且形成了足够的斜坡角度和斜坡裂缝让沉积不稳定性和巨大的块运动形成 turbidite 。根据统计，与 40.3% 的平均价值， 0-86% 在 69 的陷井体积鉴别在在 Bohai 海湾盆的 Jiyang Superdepression 的第三级的湖的 turbidites 充满油。turbidite 沙的孔和渗透广泛地变化。生产水库通常分别地是来自远侧、近似的 turbidite 的编织隧道，并且从近似 turbidite 的主要隧道的那些，与一个低碳酸盐内容和孔和比 12% 和 1 mD 高的渗透。大多数在 Jiyang Superdepression 的 lithologic 油水池被有效来源岩石包，并且陷井体积的百分比通常与来源岩石的烃逐出紧张增加。这在有 structural-lithologic 陷井的对比(即沿着陡峭的斜坡的近似 turbidite 和沿着轻轻的斜坡的远侧的 turbidite ) ，在哪个， graben 边界差错在油移植起一个重要作用，， turbidites 不在与有效的烃来源岩石的直接接触。
Model Systems, Model Organisms (2003)

Abstract Natural philosophers and biologists of the past sought to make sense of the many types of plants and creatures that, if not made for humans, were at least created by imaginative gods. As the Renaissance yielded enlightenment, the classification of organisms and a study of their structures embodied a new attempt to subdue the mystery of life. The effort was satisfying in confirming the systematic intentions of the designer. But as the last millennium progressed, the urge simply to recognize and sort plants and animals gave way to an ambition to understand their origins, functions, and diversity. Detached from constraints of authority by the examples of Galileo and Newton, the early explorers of the living domain began to ask empirical questions buried for centuries, latent in the human imagination. This chapter explores the choice and use of organisms in answering these questions. The organisms now living on earth are so diverse that one must ask how biologists made such choices. It looks at the organisms that brought biology to the beginning of the 20th century, when particular models began to guide experimental research and for a time limited our appreciation of organismic diversity. In doing so, it shows how very recent our understanding of living things really is, and why we saw such an acceleration of biological research in the 20th century.
P‐27: A Two‐Dimensional Aperture Expander for Ultra‐Compact, High‐Performance Head‐Worn Displays (2005)

Abstract A novel technology is presented which facilitates the design and fabrication of ultra‐compact light‐guide optical elements (LOE) for, amongst other applications, head‐worn displays. The technology enables very wide FoVs, together with large eye‐motion‐box values in both the horizontal and vertical directions.
Electronic monitoring and voice prompts improve hand hygiene and decrease nosocomial infections in an intermediate care unit* (2004)

Electronic monitoring provided effective ongoing feedback about hand hygiene compliance. During both the voice prompt phase and post-intervention phase, hand hygiene compliance and nosocomial infection rates improved suggesting that ongoing monitoring and feedback had both a short-term and, perhaps, a longer-term effect.
A comparison of two methods for the preparation of 3‐Deazapurine ribonucleosides (1977)

Abstract The reaction of the trimethylsilyl derivative of 4,6‐dichloroimidazo[4,5‐ c ]pyridine with 2,3,5‐tri‐ O ‐benzoyl‐ D ‐ribofuranosyl bromide gave four nucleosides‐the α‐ and β‐anomers of the 1‐isomer and the α‐ and β‐anomers of the 3‐isomer (3.9:2.7:1.5:1). In contrast, the fusion reaction of 4,6‐dichloroimidazo[4,5‐ c ]pyridine with 1,2,3,5‐tetra‐ O ‐acetyl‐β‐ D ‐ribofuranose gave a high yield of the 1‐β‐isomer, which was converted to the known 3‐deazaadenosine (4‐amino‐l‐β‐ D ‐ribofuranosylimidazo[4,5‐ c ]pyridine).
A New Type of Microstructural Instability in Superalloys - SRZ (1996)

A new type of instability in superalloys has been observed in advanced alloys containing high levels of refractory elements. One instability occurs under the diffusion zone of coatings and has been called secondary reaction zone or SRZ. Similar instabilities, in the form of cellular colonies, have been observed along grain boundaries and in dendrite cores. These microstructural instabilities are characterized and interpreted in terms of a nucleation and growth transformation.
Oxygen Control of Reproductive Growth: Possible Mediation via Dark Respiration (1974)

Journal Article Oxygen Control of Reproductive Growth: Possible Mediation via Dark Respiration Get access J. GALE J. GALE Department of Botany, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Experimental Botany, Volume 25, Issue 5, October 1974, Pages 987–989, https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/25.5.987 Published: 01 October 1974 Article history Received: 25 April 1974 Published: 01 October 1974
Lithium Intercalation into Opened Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes: Storage Capacity and Electronic Properties (2001)

The effects of structure and morphology on lithium storage in single-wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) bundles were studied by electrochemistry and nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. SWNTs were chemically etched to variable lengths and were intercalated with Li. The reversible Li storage capacity increased from LiC(6) in close-end SWNTs to LiC(3) after etching, which is twice the value observed in intercalated graphite. All the nanotubes became metallic upon intercalation of Li, with the density of states at the Fermi level increasing with increasing Li concentration. The enhanced capacity is attributed to Li diffusion into the interior of the SWNTs through the opened ends and sidewall defects.
&lt;title&gt;New class of materials for optical power limiting&lt;/title&gt; (1997)

Optical power limiting can be accomplished by a variety ofmaterials whose spectral and temporal utility is determined by a number ofparameters. The most important determinant ofhow a particular material will perform is defmed by the mechanism(s) by which optical power limiting is achieved. This paper discusses the use of complementary materials to obtain the greatest spectral and temporal range. One new class of materials has strongly absorbing charge states (cationic and dicationic) which make them highly desirable for consideration. Several materials are discussed along with their optical characterization. These processes can be carried out in solutions containing various compounds including electron acceptors. Other materials such as two photon absorbing materials exhibit optical power limiting with shorter response times and/or over different spectral regions. Recent progress in the development and characterization oftwo photon absorbing compounds is discussed with particular attention to how they can be used in a complementary fashion with other compounds operating through other mechanisms to deliver broad optical power limiting responses.
Identification and Characterization of Two Quiescent Porin Genes, <i>nmpC</i> and <i>ompN</i> , in <i>Escherichia coli</i> B <sup>E</sup> (1998)

The genomic DNA of the BE strain of Escherichia coli has been scrutinized to detect porin genes that have not been identified so far. Southern blot analysis yielded two DNA segments which proved highly homologous to, yet distinct from, the ompC, ompF, and phoE porin genes. The two genes were cloned and sequenced. One of them, designated ompN, encodes a porin which, due to low levels of expression, has eluded prior identification. The functional properties (single-channel conductance) of the OmpN porin, purified to homogeneity, closely resemble those of the OmpC porin from E. coli K-12. The second DNA fragment detected corresponds to the nmpC gene, which, due to an insertion of an IS1 element in its coding region, is not expressed in E. coli BE.
Deep-red continuous wave top-surface-emitting vertical-cavity AlGaAs superlattice lasers (1991)

Deep-red (770-nm) top-surface-emitting vertical-cavity AlGaAs lasers were fabricated and operated continuously at room temperature. An Al/sub 0.14/Ga/sub 0.86/As superlattice was used for an active-gain medium. Efficient current funneling was achieved by deep proton implantation. Continuous-wave (CW) threshold currents were 4.6 and 6.3 mA at 3.9- and 3.4-V bias for 10- and 15- mu m-diameter lasers, respectively. The maximum CW output power was >1.1 mW at room temperature without heat sink. Arrays of various top-surface-emitting lasers based on current funneling are expected to generate many applications for photonic switching, chip-to-chip communication, optical computing, and printing.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The Parametric Transformer: A Power Conversion Device Demonstrating the Principles of Parametric Excitation (1984)

The paper introduces the parametric transformer as a device which provides a simple demonstration of the theory underlying parametric excitation and resonance. Following a review of the historical development of parametric devices, the operating principles of the parametric transformer are explained on the basis of the stability chart of the Mathieu-Hill type differential equation. The graphical techniques presented in the paper facilitate a ready understanding of the basic phenomena associated with the operation of parametric devices, and these techniques are extended to cover the description of various inherent characteristics of the parametric transformer which are useful in power-conditioning applications.
Unsupervised Learning of Mixtures of Multiple Causes in Binary Data (1993)

This paper presents a formulation for unsupervised learning of clusters reflecting multiple causal structure in binary data. Unlike the standard mixture model, a multiple cause model accounts for observed data by combining assertions from many hidden causes, each of which can pertain to varying degree to any subset of the observable dimensions. A crucial issue is the mixing-function for combining beliefs from different cluster-centers in order to generate data reconstructions whose errors are minimized both during recognition and learning. We demonstrate a weakness inherent to the popular weighted sum followed by sigmoid squashing, and offer an alternative form of the nonlinearity. Results are presented demonstrating the algorithm's ability successfully to discover coherent multiple causal representations of noisy test data and in images of printed characters.
Self-report captures 27 distinct categories of emotion bridged by continuous gradients (2017)

Emotions are centered in subjective experiences that people represent, in part, with hundreds, if not thousands, of semantic terms. Claims about the distribution of reported emotional states and the boundaries between emotion categories-that is, the geometric organization of the semantic space of emotion-have sparked intense debate. Here we introduce a conceptual framework to analyze reported emotional states elicited by 2,185 short videos, examining the richest array of reported emotional experiences studied to date and the extent to which reported experiences of emotion are structured by discrete and dimensional geometries. Across self-report methods, we find that the videos reliably elicit 27 distinct varieties of reported emotional experience. Further analyses revealed that categorical labels such as amusement better capture reports of subjective experience than commonly measured affective dimensions (e.g., valence and arousal). Although reported emotional experiences are represented within a semantic space best captured by categorical labels, the boundaries between categories of emotion are fuzzy rather than discrete. By analyzing the distribution of reported emotional states we uncover gradients of emotion-from anxiety to fear to horror to disgust, calmness to aesthetic appreciation to awe, and others-that correspond to smooth variation in affective dimensions such as valence and dominance. Reported emotional states occupy a complex, high-dimensional categorical space. In addition, our library of videos and an interactive map of the emotional states they elicit (https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/emogifs/map.html) are made available to advance the science of emotion.
Murine Eotaxin-2: A Constitutive Eosinophil Chemokine Induced by Allergen Challenge and IL-4 Overexpression (2000)

The generation of tissue eosinophilia is governed in part by chemokines; initial investigation has identified three chemokines in the human genome with eosinophil selectivity, referred to as eotaxin-1, -2, and -3. Elucidation of the role of these chemokines is dependent in part upon analysis of murine homologues; however, only one murine homologue, eotaxin-1, has been identified. We now report the characterization of the murine eotaxin-2 cDNA, gene and protein. The eotaxin-2 cDNA contains an open reading frame that encodes for a 119-amino acid protein. The mature protein, which is predicted to contain 93 amino acids, is most homologous to human eotaxin-2 (59.1% identity), but is only 38.9% identical with murine eotaxin-1. Northern blot analysis reveals three predominant mRNA species and highest constitutive expression in the jejunum and spleen. Additionally, allergen challenge in the lung with Aspergillus fumigatus or OVA revealed marked induction of eotaxin-2 mRNA. Furthermore, eotaxin-2 mRNA was strongly induced by both transgenic over-expression of IL-4 in the lung and administration of intranasal IL-4. Analysis of eotaxin-2 mRNA expression in mice transgenic for IL-4 but genetically deficient in STAT-6 revealed that the IL-4-induced expression was STAT-6 dependent. Recombinant eotaxin-2 protein induced dose-dependent chemotactic responses on murine eosinophils at concentrations between 1-1000 ng/ml, whereas no activity was displayed on murine macrophages or neutrophils. Functional analysis of recombinant protein variants revealed a critical role for the amino terminus. Thus, murine eotaxin-2 is a constitutively expressed eosinophil chemokine likely to be involved in homeostatic, allergen-induced, and IL-4-associated immune responses.
The Model of Catalytic Reactor of Ethylene Glycol Production (2005)

The ethylene oxide hydration process in a catalytic fixed bed tube reactor was studied. A cross-linked styrene-divinylbenzene anion-exchange resin in the HCO3-/CO32- -form was used as a catalyst. The deactivation and swelling of the catalyst during the process were detected. The mathematical model of the reactor with determined parameters adequately describing the rate of the reaction, product distribution and catalyst deactivation and swelling has been developed.
Cell Cycle Control Genes and Hematopoietic Cell Differentiation (2002)

To maintain the fidelity and integrity of blood formation, the cell cycle is under strict regulation during hematopoietic cell differentiation. This review summarizes recent studies, including our own, on the expression of cell cycle control genes in hematopoietic stem cells and its changes during differentiation. In our study, mRNA expression of cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks) and cyclins, except cdk4, was found to be generally suppressed in CD34 + cells isolated from the bone marrow of healthy volunteers. Among four major cdk inhibitors, p16 was expressed higher in CD34 + cells than in CD34 m bone marrow mononuclear cells, whereas the amounts of p21 and p27 transcripts increased in the CD34 m population. The behavior of cell cycle control genes during hematopoietic differentiation was classified into four patterns: (i) universal up-regulation (cdc2, cdk2, cyclin A, cyclin B, p21); (ii) up-regulation in specific lineages (cyclin D1, cyclin D3, and p15); (iii) no induction or stable expression (cdk4, cyclin D2, cyclin E, and p27); and (iv) universal down-regulation (p16). Lineage-specific changes include a sustained elevation of cdc2 and cyclin A during erythroid differentiation, cyclin D1 and p15 induction in myeloid lineage cells, and selective up-regulation of cyclin D3 during megakaryocyte development. These results suggest that the expression of cell cycle control genes is distinctively regulated in a lineage-dependent manner, reflecting the cell cycle characteristics of each lineage. Additional data from other laboratories are summarized and their significance is discussed in comparison with our findings.
On the Suitability of Discrete-Time Receivers for Software-Defined Radio (2007)

CMOS radio receiver architectures, based on radio frequency (RF) sampling followed by discrete-time (D-T) signal processing via switched-capacitor circuits, have recently been proposed for dedicated radio standards. This paper explores the suitability of such D-T receivers for highly flexible software-defined radio (SDR) receivers. Via symbolic analysis and simulations the authors analyze the properties of D-T receivers, and show that at least three challenges exist to make a D-T receiver work for SDR: 1) the sampling clock frequency is related to the radio frequency, complicating baseband filter design; 2) a frequency-dependent phase shift is introduced by pseudo-quadrature and pseudo-differential sampling; 3) the conversion gain of a charge sampling front-end is strongly frequency-dependent. Compared to a mixer based radio receiver, extra costs are needed to solve these problems.
Folate analogs. 26. Syntheses and antifolate activity of 10-substituted derivatives of 5,8-dideazafolic acid and of the poly-.gamma.-glutamyl metabolites of N10-propargyl-5,8-dideazafolic acid (PDDF) (1986)

The poly-gamma-glutamyl derivatives of n10-propargyl-5,8-dideazafolic acid (PDDF) with a chain length of up to five glutamate residues were synthesized from N10-propargyl-5,8-dideazapteroic acid by the solid-phase procedure. These compounds were evaluated for their antifolate activity using folate-requiring microorganisms and intact and permeabilized L1210 cells and as inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase and thymidylate synthase derived from L. casei. The polyglutamylated derivatives of PDDF (1) were more active than the parent compound in inhibiting the growth of L. casei, thymidylate synthesis in permeabilized L1210 cells, and L. casei thymidylate synthase. Two analogues of 5,8-dideazafolic acid (2 and 3), one with a 2-butyne and another with a cyclopropylmethyl substituent at N10, were also synthesized and evaluated for their antifolate activities using the above-mentioned test systems. They were considerably less active than PDDF or its polyglutamylated derivatives. N10-Propargyl-5,8-dideazapteroyl tri-, tetra-, and pentaglutamates were equipotent with 5-fluorodeoxyuridylate as inhibitors of thymidylate synthesis in permeabilized L1210 cells. The polyglutamyl metabolites of PDDF were shown to be the most potent antifolate inhibitors of L. casei and L1210 thymidylate synthases yet described.
High-quality hair modeling from a single portrait photo (2015)

We propose a novel system to reconstruct a high-quality hair depth map from a single portrait photo with minimal user input. We achieve this by combining depth cues such as occlusions, silhouettes, and shading, with a novel 3D helical structural prior for hair reconstruction. We fit a parametric morphable face model to the input photo and construct a base shape in the face, hair and body regions using occlusion and silhouette constraints. We then estimate the normals in the hair region via a Shape-from-Shading-based optimization that uses the lighting inferred from the face model and enforces an adaptive albedo prior that models the typical color and occlusion variations of hair. We introduce a 3D helical hair prior that captures the geometric structure of hair, and show that it can be robustly recovered from the input photo in an automatic manner. Our system combines the base shape, the normals estimated by Shape from Shading, and the 3D helical hair prior to reconstruct high-quality 3D hair models. Our single-image reconstruction closely matches the results of a state-of-the-art multi-view stereo applied on a multi-view stereo dataset. Our technique can reconstruct a wide variety of hairstyles ranging from short to long and from straight to messy, and we demonstrate the use of our 3D hair models for high-quality portrait relighting, novel view synthesis and 3D-printed portrait reliefs.
Resource Management with Deep Reinforcement Learning (2016)

Resource management problems in systems and networking often manifest as difficult online decision making tasks where appropriate solutions depend on understanding the workload and environment. Inspired by recent advances in deep reinforcement learning for AI problems, we consider building systems that learn to manage resources directly from experience. We present DeepRM, an example solution that translates the problem of packing tasks with multiple resource demands into a learning problem. Our initial results show that DeepRM performs comparably to state-of-the-art heuristics, adapts to different conditions, converges quickly, and learns strategies that are sensible in hindsight.
Self-Assembled Magnetic Matrices for DNA Separation Chips (2002)

When a constant, homogenous magnetic field is applied to a suspension of superparamagnetic particles confined in a thin gap perpendicular to the field, the particles self-organize into a fixed, quasi-regular array of columns ([Fig. 1][1]A) ([1][2]). The array returns to a liquid suspension