gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Scrapie and cellular prion proteins differ in their kinetics of synthesis and topology in cultured cells. (1990)

Both the cellular and scrapie isoforms of the prion protein (PrP) designated PrPc and PrPSc are encoded by a single-copy chromosomal gene and appear to be translated from the same 2.1-kb mRNA. PrPC can be distinguished from PrPSc by limited proteolysis under conditions where PrPC is hydrolyzed and PrPSc is resistant. We report here that PrPC can be released from the surface of both normal-control and scrapie-infected murine neuroblastoma (N2a) cells by phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PIPLC) digestion and it can be selectively labeled with sulfo-NHS-biotin, a membrane impermeant reagent. In contrast, PrPSc was neither released by PIPLC nor labeled with sulfo-NHS-biotin. Pulse-chase experiments showed that [35S]methionine was incorporated almost immediately into PrPC while incorporation into PrPSc molecules was observed only during the chase period. While PrPC is synthesized and degraded relatively rapidly (t1/2 approximately 5 h), PrPSc is synthesized slowly (t1/2 approximately 15 h) and appears to accumulate. These results are consistent with several observations previously made on rodent brains where PrP mRNA and PrPC levels did not change throughout the course of scrapie infection, yet PrPSc accumulated to levels exceeding that of PrPC. Our kinetic studies demonstrate that PrPSc is derived from a protease-sensitive precursor and that the acquisition of proteinase K resistance results from a posttranslational event. Whether or not prolonged incubation periods, which are a cardinal feature of prion diseases, reflect the slow synthesis of PrPSc remains to be established.
Complement-Induced Cell Death by Rituximab Depends on CD20 Expression Level and Acts Complementary to Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity (2006)

These findings suggest that CDC depends on CD20 expression level and that both CDC and ADCC act complementary. These data give new insights into novel strategies to improve the efficacy of CD20-specific antibodies for the treatment of CD20+ tumors.
Schwann cell survival mediated by the signaling phospholipid lysophosphatidic acid (1999)

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive phospholipid with properties of an extracellular growth factor for many cell lines, including those derived from neuroblastomas. However, the relevance of LPA signaling to the normal, developing nervous system is unknown, in part reflecting the previous unavailability of cloned receptor genes. Recent studies of the first such gene, encoding the G protein-coupled receptor LPA1/VZG-1 (lysophospholipid receptor A1/ventricular zone gene-1), revealed a major locus of expression in oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells (SCs) during development, suggesting an influence of LPA on these myelinating cells. Here we report that LPA (>/=10 nM) is a potent survival factor for cultured neonatal SCs, with survival activity equaling the maximal effect of neuregulin, the major peptide SC survival factor. LPA activates a pharmacologically defined signaling pathway in SCs, involving Gi and phosphoinositide 3-kinase. Moreover, LPA's effect depends on Akt, a downstream kinase that can mediate phosphoinositide 3-kinase-dependent survival, as demonstrated by both Western blot and transfection analyses. Overexpression of functional epitope-tagged LPA1/VZG-1 protein decreases SC apoptosis in response to serum withdrawal. These data demonstrate a role for extracellular LPA and its receptor LPA1/VZG-1 in SC survival and, more broadly, implicate G protein-coupled receptor-mediated lysophospholipid signaling as a significant mechanism in neural development.
"Fast maximum likelihood joint estimation of frequency and frequency rate" (2005)

A Fast Maximum Likelihood Algorithm for the Joint estimation of the Frequency and Frequency rate of a sinusoid in Gaussian white noise is presented here. The novelty of this algorithm is the use of Newton's method for finding the zero of a function to determine the maximum of the log-likelihood function. The rate of convergence of Newton's method is extremely fast. Simulation of the algorithm shows that the RMSEs for frequency and frequency-rate are practically equal to the Cramer-Rao bound for all <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">SNR \geq 15</tex> dB.
ZeptoFarad resolution CMOS read-out circuit for nanosensors (2010)

The experimental detection of capacitance variations with a resolution as low as few zeptoFarads (10−21F) is presented. This is achieved by means of a CMOS ultra-low-noise and wide-bandwidth current sensing circuit coupled to a lock-in amplifier to perform capacitance and conductance measurements in a frequency range from DC to 1 MHz. The adoption of an integrated implementation, based on an original circuital topology, provides miniaturization and performance improvement. The mm-sized chip can be easily integrated in extremely compact sensing setups. Resolution limits are analyzed in detail and experimentally investigated. The achieved current resolution of 15 fA (at ∼ms time scale) and tracking of 40zF capacitance steps demonstrate how the proposed readout circuit can serve as a versatile tool for nanosensor development.
Communications and consistency in mobile file systems (1995)

To overcome the availability, latency, bandwidth, and cost barriers of mobile networks, mobile clients of distributed file systems switch between connected and disconnected modes of operation. Lying between these are modes of operation that refine the consistency semantics of cached files, allowing a mobile client to select a mode appropriate for the prevailing network conditions. Clients can take advantage of network opportunities unsuitable for connected operation, obtaining improved performance, more effective sharing, and more stringent consistency guarantees as a result. Today's mobile computing technology lets nomadic users operate computers large and small from their offices and homes and places in between. However, mobile users are often frustrated by the quality of distributed services available to them. In this article, we describe ways to extend the advantages of distributed file systems to users of mobile computers.
Comparison of Nucleic Acid Amplification Assays with BD Affirm VPIII for Diagnosis of Vaginitis in Symptomatic Women (2013)

A commercially available, nonamplified, nucleic acid probe-based test system (BD Affirm VPIII) was compared with nucleic acid amplification (NAA)-based assays for determining the etiology of vaginitis in a cohort of 323 symptomatic women. First, a semiquantitative, multiplexed PCR assay (BV-PCR) and the Affirm VPIII Gardnerellavaginalis test were compared with a unified bacterial-vaginosis (BV) reference standard incorporating both Nugent Gram stain scores and Amsel clinical criteria. In the evaluable population of 305 patients, BV-PCR was 96.9% (191/197) sensitive and 92.6% specific (100/108) for BV, while Affirm VPIII was 90.1% sensitive (179/197) and 67.6% specific (73/108). Second, a multiplexed PCR assay detecting Candida albicans and Candida glabrata (CAN-PCR) was compared with the Affirm VPIII Candida test using a reference standard for vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) of yeast culture plus exclusion of alternate vaginitis etiologies. In the population evaluated (n = 102), CAN-PCR was 97.7% sensitive (42/43) and 93.2% specific (55/59) and Affirm VP III was 58.1% sensitive (25/43) and 100% specific (59/59) for VVC. Finally, the results of a commercial NAA test (GenProbe Aptima Trichomonas vaginalis assay; ATV) for T. vaginalis were compared with the Affirm VPIII Trichomonas vaginalis test. In the absence of an independent reference standard for trichomonal vaginitis (TV), a positive result in either assay was deemed to represent true infection. In the evaluable cohort of 388 patients, the sensitivity of ATV was 98.1% (53/54) versus 46.3% (25/54) for Affirm VPIII. The diagnostic accuracy of the combined NAA-based test construct was approximately 20 to 25% higher than that of the Affirm VPIII when modeled in populations with various prevalences of infectious vaginitis.
Structure and Activity Peculiarities of Ruthenium Quinoline and Quinoxaline Complexes:  Novel Metathesis Catalysts (2006)

Novel metathesis catalysts that are derivatives of 8-vinylquinoline, (H2IMes)(Cl)2Ru(CH-κ2(C,N)-8-C9H6N) (1a; H2IMes = 1,3-dimesityl-4,5-dihydroimidzol-2-ylidene), and 5-vinylquinoxaline, (H2IMes)(Cl)2Ru(CH-κ2(C,N)-5-C8H5N2) (2a), which possess five-membered chelate rings, were synthesized in ligand exchange reactions with (H2IMes)(PCy3)(Cl)2RuCHPh. Both 1a and 2a are formed as complexes with the trans-dichloro geometry common for Grubbs-type complexes, while on prolonged storage in dichloromethane they isomerize to the thermodynamically favored cis-dichloro isomers (1b and 2b, respectively). The structures of compounds 1a,b were confirmed by X-ray analysis. The kinetics of trans to cis isomerization were measured by 1H NMR to give the rate constants k1a→1b = 3.2 × 10-2 h-1 and k2a→2b = 5.5 × 10-3 h-1 in dichloromethane-d2 at 23 °C. Investigations of the relative activities of these catalysts in model RCM and enyne reactions showed that catalyst 1a was faster than 1b (and 2a faster than 2b) but that 2a was faster than 1a.
Decomposition of M-ary CPM signals into PAM waveforms (1995)

It is widely known that minimum shift keying (MSK) may be seen as a PAM signaling scheme and that the same is true, albeit approximately, with MSK-like modulations. It is also known (perhaps not so widely) that any binary continuous phase-modulated (CPM) signal may be exactly decomposed into the sum of a few PAM waveforms. In this paper we show that this property extends to multilevel CPM signaling. Features of a PAM decomposition are discussed as a function of the alphabet size, the modulation index, and the frequency response of the system. It is found that, especially with signaling schemes with a long memory, the decomposition has so many terms that it becomes unmanageable. For these cases an approximation is proposed with a limited number of terms.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Impact of Plasma-Assisted Atomic-Layer-Deposited Gate Dielectric on Graphene Transistors (2011)

We report for the first time on graphene transistors that incorporate a remote plasma-assisted atomic-layer-deposited Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> gate dielectric that is directly deposited to chemical-vapor-deposited monolayer graphene at 100°C. Following dielectric formation, atomic force microscopy and Raman measurements show apparently uniform conformal coverage and retention of a nearly intact film with a slightly increased level of disorder and some signs of additional doping. Using this process, 3-μm gate length transistors with sub-10-nm gate insulator thickness are constructed, and electrical measurements demonstrate a drive current of 0.6 A/mm and a peak transconductance in excess of 90 mS/mm with V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">gs</sub> = 0 V and V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ds</sub> = 1 V, which is greatly improved over coprocessed devices with SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> interfacial layer with the same bias. With optimization, the plasma-assisted ALD of high-k dielectrics to graphene may potentially be useful for the design of future graphene-based technology.
Synthesis and Properties of Multifunctional Comblike Polymer Electrolytes (2008)

Biocompatible and multifunctional comblike polymer(PMAO-PEGME) was synthesized by(using) poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether as the side chain,poly(maleic anhydride-alt-1-octadecene) as the backbone.The comblike multiethylene glycol poly(maleic anhydride-alt-1-octadecene)ate(PMAO-PEGME-ME)and the solid single-ion polymer electrolyte(PMAO-PEGMELi)were prepared by adding CH_3OH and LiOH into PMAO-PEGME,respectively,and were characterized by(using) FT-IR,()~1H-NMR,DSC and impedance technique.With the increasing of LiClO_4 concentration,the conductivity of PMAO-PEGME-ME/LiClO_4 presented to decline after rising.It is in accordance with the general dependency relationship between the conductivity of polymer electrolyte and salt concentration.When n(LiClO_4)/m(Polymer)=(1.5 mol/kg,)the highest ambient conductivity is(1.01)×10~(-5) S/cm.PMAO-PEGMELi has an ionic conductivity of the order of 10~(-7) S/cm at room temperature.
New Solutions to Remedy Lost Circulation, Crossflows, and Underground Blowouts (1997)

Abstract Costly lost circulation, crossflows, and underground blowouts result in mud losses, wasted rig time, often ineffective remediation materials and techniques, and sometimes lost holes, sidetracks, abandoned wells, relief wells, and lost petroleum reserves. In early 1996, a service company initiated a project to review conventional remediation materials and methods, search for more effective remedies, and field-test new solutions. The project has led to the development of several novel lost-circulation material squeeze systems (LCMSS). These LCM squeeze systems were applied in wells after conventional materials/ methods failed, and they successfully cured lost circulation, increased the integrity and frac gradient (FMW) of weak zones (formations with low mechanical strength), sealed high-pressure water and gas zones, safely allowed deeper drilling, and stopped underground blowouts. Data from these field tests show encouraging trends and prospects not only to save costs associated with drilling trouble, but also to reduce normal exploration and production costs for casing, liners, drilling/completion fluids, rig time, poor primary cementation, remedial cementing, and water production.
A dose-range finding study of zopiclone in insomniac patients. (1990)

Sixty insomniac patients participated in a controlled double-blind parallel group study designed to investigate the dose-response relationship of zopiclone. Following 1 day of treatment with placebo, patients were randomly assigned to 1 of 6 groups and received treatment for 7 days with either placebo, or flurazepam 30 mg, or zopiclone, 3.75 mg, 7.5 mg, 11.25 mg or 15 mg. Four patients were dropped from the study; two from the placebo group due to ineffectiveness and one each in zopiclone 11.25 mg and 15 mg groups due to side-effects. Flurazepam 30 mg significantly improved sleep induction and maintenance by comparison to placebo and was indistinguishable from zopiclone 7.5 mg or higher. Results of a self-administered sleep questionnaire found a predominantly linear relationship between the dose of zopiclone administered and the degree of sleep improvement. The greatest increment in improvement was generally obtained with 3.5 mg and 7.5 mg of zopiclone, with some additional benefit occurring with zopiclone 11.25 mg. Clinicians' global impressions showed that the severity of illness clearly decreased in a dose related manner up to zopiclone 11.25 mg. Although zopiclone was well tolerated at 3.75 mg and 7.5 mg, an increase in side-effects occurred at 11.25 mg and 15 mg, which favours the use of 7.5 mg zopiclone as the optimum dose for most patients, although certain patients may benefit from a higher dose of the drug when well tolerated.
Protective Effects of Antiarrhythmic Agents against Anoxic Injury in CNS White Matter (1995)

Irreversible anoxic injury is dependent on extracellular Ca2+ in mammalian CNS white matter, with a large portion of the pathologic Ca2+ influx occurring through reverse Na(+)-Ca2+ exchange, stimulated by increased intracellular [Na+]. This Na+ leak likely occurs via incompletely inactivated voltage-gated Na+ channels. This study reports that clinically used antiarrhythmic compounds, likely by virtue of their Na+ channel-blocking properties, significantly protect CNS white matter from anoxia at concentrations that cause little suppression of the preanoxic response. Rat optic nerves were pretreated with various agents for 60 min, then subjected to 60 min of anoxia in vitro. Functional recovery was measured electrophysiologically as the area under the compound action potential (CAP). Without drug, the CAP areas recovered to a mean of 32 +/- 12% of control after 1 h of reoxygenation. Recoveries using prajmaline 10 microM were 82 +/- 15% (p < 0.0001), and using tocainide 1 mM, 78 +/- 8% (p < 0.0001), with little suppression (< or = 10%) of the preanoxic response. Ajmaline (10-100 microM), disopyramide (10-300 microM) and bupivacaine (10-100 microM) were somewhat less effective, whereas verapamil produced 52 +/- 11% recovery before reduction of the preanoxic CAP was observed at 30 microM. Procainamide (100-300 microM) was ineffective. These results suggest that Na+ channel blockers, including commonly used antiarrhythmic agents, may be effective in protecting central white matter, which is a target for anoxic/ischemic injury in diseases such as stroke and spinal cord injury.
Pediocin PA-1, a bacteriocin from Pediococcus acidilactici PAC1.0, forms hydrophilic pores in the cytoplasmic membrane of target cells (1993)

Pediocin PA-1 is a bacteriocin which is produced by Pediococcus acidilactici PAC1.0. We demonstrate that pediocin PA-1 kills sensitive Pediococcus cells and acts on the cytoplasmic membrane. In contrast to its lack of impact on immune cells, pediocin PA-1 dissipates the transmembrane electrical potential and inhibits amino acid transport in sensitive cells. Pediocin interferes with the uptake of amino acids by cytoplasmic membrane vesicles derived from sensitive cells, while it is less effective with membranes derived from immune cells. In liposomes fused with membrane vesicles derived from both sensitive and immune cells, pediocin PA-1 elicits an efflux of small ions and, at higher concentrations, an efflux of molecules having molecular weights of up to 9,400. Our data suggest that pediocin PA-1 functions in a voltage-independent manner but requires a specific protein in the target membrane.
Mesoionische Sechsringheterocyclen, III Reaktionen <i>o</i>‐chinoider Verbindungen mit 6‐Oxo‐6<i>H</i>‐1,3‐diazin‐1‐ium‐4‐olaten (1981)

Abstract Mesoionische 6‐Oxo‐6 H ‐1,3‐diazin‐1‐ium‐4‐olate 9 reagieren mit Tetrachlor‐ o ‐benzochinon ( 2 , R = Cl) unter Bildung von 1:1‐Addukten 12 , die sich formal von den Ketentautomeren 13 von 9 ableiten. Die Struktur von 12f wurde durch eine Röntgenstrukturanalyse geklärt.
Brain Plasticity and Behavior (2003)

Although the brain was once seen as a rather static organ, it is now clear that the organization of brain circuitry is constantly changing as a function of experience. These changes are referred to as brain plasticity, and they are associated with functional changes that include phenomena such as memory, addiction, and recovery of function. Recent research has shown that brain plasticity and behavior can be influenced by a myriad of factors, including both pre- and postnatal experience, drugs, hormones, maturation, aging, diet, disease, and stress. Understanding how these factors influence brain organization and function is important not only for understanding both normal and abnormal behavior, but also for designing treatments for behavioral and psychological disorders ranging from addiction to stroke.
The influence of migration sizes and intervals on island models (2005)

A need for solving more and more complex problems drives the Evolutionary Computation community towards advanced models of Evolutionary Algorithms. One such model is the island model which, although the subject of a variety of studies, still needs additional fundamental research. In this paper we have experimentally studied the influence of various migrations sizes and intervals on island models using a set of special functions. One of the surprising observations from these experiments is that the migration interval seems to be a dominating factor, with migration size generally playing a minor role with regard to the best solution found. Additional experiments measuring genetic diversity show that too frequent migrations cause islands to dominate others and lose global diversity before they are able to exchange solutions to produce better results. Also, we observe that even small migrations already make a significant impact on the behavior of an island model and therefore the effects are comparable to those of bigger migrations. On the other hand rare migrations cause a degraded performance due to the slow convergence. Collectively, these observations provide useful guidance for island model applications.
Acoustic Rhinometric Assessment of the Nasal Valve (1997)

The aims of this study are to assess nasal valve cross-sectional areas in healthy noses and in patients with nasal obstruction after rhinoplasty and to evaluate the effect of an external nasal dilator on both healthy and obstructive nasal valves. Subjects consisted of (i) volunteers with no nasal symptoms, nasal cavities unremarkable to rhinoscopy and normal nasal resistance and (ii) patients referred to our clinic complaining of postrhinoplasty nasal obstruction. All subjects were tested before and after topical decongestion of the nasal mucosa and with an external nasal dilator. In 79 untreated healthy nasal cavities the nasal valve area showed two constrictions: the proximal constriction averaged 0.78 cm2 cross-section and was situated 1.18 cm from the nostril, the distal constriction averaged 0.70 cm2 cross-section at 2.86 cm from the nostril. Mucosal decongestion increased cross-sectional area of the distal constriction significantly (p < 0.0001) but not the proximal. External dilation increased cross-sectional area of both constrictions significantly (p < 0.0001). In 26 post-rhinoplasty obstructed nasal cavities, only a single constriction was detected, averaging 0.34 cm2 cross-section at 2.55 cm from the nostril and 0.4 cm2 at 2.46 cm from the nostril, before and after mucosal decongestion respectively. External dilation increased the minimum cross-sectional area to 0.64 cm2 in these nasal cavities (p < 0.0001). We conclude that the nasal valve area in patients with postrhinoplasty nasal obstruction is significantly smaller than in healthy nasal cavities as shown by acoustic rhinometry. Acoustic rhinometry objectively determines the structural and mucovascular components of the nasal valve area and external dilation is an effective therapeutical approach in the management of nasal valve obstruction.
Homologous Association of Oppositely Imprinted Chromosomal Domains (1996)

Human chromosome 15q11-q13 encompasses the Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) and the Angelman syndrome (AS) loci, which are subject to parental imprinting, a process that marks the parental origin of certain chromosomal subregions. A temporal and spatial association between maternal and paternal chromosomes 15 was observed in human T lymphocytes by three-dimensional fluorescence in situ hybridization. This association occurred specifically at the imprinted 15q11-q13 regions only during the late S phase of the cell cycle. Cells from PWS and AS patients were deficient in association, which suggests that normal imprinting involves mutual recognition and preferential association of maternal and paternal chromosomes 15.
Improved Patient Survival Using a Modified Resuscitation Protocol for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (2009)

The changes to our prehospital protocol for adult cardiac arrest that optimized chest compressions and reduced disruptions increased the return of spontaneous circulation and survival to discharge in our patient population. These changes should be further evaluated for improving survival of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients.