gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Computational complexity management of motion estimation in video encoders (2003)

Summary form only given. The performance of software-only video codecs is often constrained by available processing power. Existing fast motion estimation algorithms are not designed to provide flexible, predictable control of computational complexity. We propose an adaptive algorithm, which maintains the computational complexity of the motion estimation function at various target levels by controlling the motion estimation search pattern.
The PPP Compression Control Protocol (CCP) (1996)

This document defines a method for negotiating data compression over
PPP links. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
(<i>S</i>)-13-[(Dimethylamino)methyl]-10,11,14,15-tetrahydro-4,9:16,21-dimetheno- 1<i>H</i>,13<i>H</i>-dibenzo[<i>e</i>,<i>k</i>]pyrrolo[3,4-<i>h</i>][1,4,13]oxadiazacyclohexadecene-1,3(2<i>H</i>)-dione (LY333531) and Related Analogues:  Isozyme Selective Inhibitors of Protein Kinase Cβ (1996)

Protein kinase C (PKC) is a family of closely related serine and threonine kinases. Overactivation of some PKC isozymes has been postulated to occur in several diseases states, including diabetic complications. Selective inhibition of overactivated PKC isozymes may offer a unique therapeutic approach to disease states such as diabetic retinopathy. A novel series of 14-membered macrocycles containing a N-N'-bridged bisindolylmaleimide moiety is described. A panel of eight cloned human PKC isozymes (alpha, beta I, beta II, gamma, delta, epsilon, sigma, eta) was used to identify the series and optimize the structure and associated activity relationship. The dimethylamine analogue LY333531 (1), (S)-13-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-10,11,14,15-tetrahydro-4,9:16, 21-dimetheno-1H, 13H-dibenzo[e,k]pyrrolo[3,4-h][1,4,13]oxadiazacyclohexadecene++ +-1,3(2H)-dione, inhibits the PKC beta I (IC50 = 4.7 nM) and PKC beta II (IC50 = 5.9 nM) isozymes and was 76- and 61-fold selective for inhibition of PKC beta I and PKC beta II in comparison to PKC alpha, respectively. The additional analogues described in the series are also selective inhibitors of PKC beta. LY333531 (1) exhibits ATP dependent competitive inhibition of PKC beta I and is selective for PKC in comparison to other ATP dependent kinases (protein kinase A, calcium calmodulin, caesin kinase, src tyrosine kinase). The cellular activity of the series was assessed using bovine retinal capillary endothelial cells. Retinal endothelial cell dysfunction has been implicated in the development of diabetic retinopathy. Plasminogen activator activity stimulated by a phorbol ester (4 beta-phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate) in endothelial cells was inhibited by the compounds in the series with ED50 values ranging from 7.5 to 0.21 microM. A comparison of the PKC isozyme and related ATP dependent kinase inhibition profiles is provided for the series and compared to the profile for staurosporine, a nonselective PKC inhibitor. The cellular activity of the series is compared with that of the kinase inhibitor staurosporine.
Cloning by limiting dilution: an improved estimate that an interesting culture is monoclonal. (1985)

An interesting culture obtained by limiting dilution is less likely to be monoclonal than a random viable culture. Current practice using limiting dilution to establish monoclonal lines of interesting recombinant DNA or hybridoma-derived organisms overestimates the probability that promising cultures are monoclonal, resulting in inadequate dilutions, with the need for additional subcloning and the avoidable loss (avoidable instability) of interesting lines by overgrowth with uninteresting varieties.
Women as Mothers, Wives and Workers (1994)

During much of the 18th and 19th centuries, women's choices about family roles, marriage, childbearing and childrearing were largely determined by the social and material conditions of the time. While this is still true during the 20th century, widespread shifts brought about by technology, industrialization, and legal changes have created a context for tremendous change in women's social and family roles. This article exmaines the cultural and historical contexts of women's roles in families during the early part of the 20th century, and considers the implications of those contexts and the changes in them for family therapy.
Multifunctional Superhydrophobic Surfaces Templated From Innately Microstructured Hydrogel Matrix (2014)

Superhydrophobic surfaces are of immense scientific and technological interests for a broad range of applications. However, a major challenge remains in developing scalable methodologies that enable superhydrophobic coatings on versatile substrates with a combination of strong mechanical stability, optical transparency, and even stretchability. Herein, we developed a scalable methodology to versatile hydrophobic surfaces that combine with strong mechanical stability, optical transparency, and stretchability by using a self-assembled hydrogel as the template to in situ generate silica microstructures and subsequent silanization. The superhydrophobic coatings can be enabled on virtually any substrates via large-area deposition techniques like dip coating. Transparent surfaces with optical transmittance as high as 98% were obtained. Moreover, the coatings exhibit superior mechanical flexibility and robustness that it can sustain contact angles ∼ 160° even after 5000 cycles of mechanically stretching at 100% strain. The multifunctional surfaces can be used as screen filters and sponges for the oil/water separation that can selectively absorb oils up to 40× their weight.
Design of robust superdirective beamformers as a convex optimization problem (2009)

Broadband data-independent beamforming designs aiming at constant beamwidth often lead to superdirective beamformers for low frequencies, if the sensor spacing is small relative to the wavelengths. Superdirective beamformers are extremely sensitive to spatially white noise and to small errors in the array characteristics. These errors are nearly uncorrelated from sensor to sensor and affect the beamformer in a manner similar to spatially white noise. Hence the White Noise Gain (WNG) is a commonly used measure for the robustness of beamformer designs. In this paper, we present a method which incorporates a constraint for the WNG into a least-squares beamformer design and still leads to a convex optimization problem that can be solved directly, e.g. by sequential quadratic programming. The effectiveness of this method is demonstrated by design examples.
Early Immune Markers Associated with<i>Mycobacterium avium</i>subsp.<i>paratuberculosis</i>Infection in a Neonatal Calf Model (2011)

The objective of this study was to observe early markers of cell-mediated immunity in naïve calves infected with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and how expression of these markers evolved over the 12-month period of infection. Groups for experimental infection included control (noninfected), oral (infected orally with M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis strain K-10), oral/DXM (pretreatment with dexamethasone before oral inoculation), intraperitoneal (i.p.) inoculation, and oral/M (oral inoculation with mucosal scrapings from a cow with clinical disease) groups. One of the earliest markers to emerge was antigen-specific gamma interferon (IFN-γ). Only i.p. inoculated calves had detectable antigen-specific IFN-γ responses at 7 days, with responses of the other infection groups becoming detectable at 90 and 120 days. All infection groups maintained robust IFN-γ responses for the remainder of the study. At 1 month, calves in the oral and oral/M groups had higher antigen-stimulated interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels than calves in the other treatment groups, but IL-10 secretion declined by 12 months for all calves. T-cell activation markers such as CD25, CD26, CD45RO, and CD5 were significantly upregulated in infected calves compared to noninfected controls. Oral inoculation of calves resulted in significantly increased antigen-specific lymphocyte proliferation at 9 and 12 months, as well as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) secretion at 6 and 12 months. These results demonstrate that infection of naïve calves with M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis invoked early immunologic responses characterized by robust antigen-specific IFN-γ responses and induction of CD25 and CD45RO expression on T-cell subsets. These were followed by antigen-specific lymphocyte proliferation, iNOS secretion, and expression of CD26 and CD5(bright) markers in the latter part of the 12-month study.
Physics of Ferromagnetism (1997)

Abstract This textbook offers students and researchers an overview of the physical aspects of ferromagnetism. It emphasizes the explanations of physical concepts rather than rigorous theoretical treatments that require a more advanced background than is assumed here. The book includes recent developments and techniques in magnetics, and describes magnetic phenomena and engineering applications in magnetism.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Exoenzyme S ADP-ribosylates Ras at Multiple Sites (1998)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa exoenzyme S (ExoS) ADP-ribosylated Ras to a stoichiometry of approximately 2 molecules of ADP-ribose incorporated per molecule of Ras, which suggested that ExoS could ADP-ribosylate Ras at more than one arginine residue. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis showed that ADP-ribosylated Ras possessed a slower mobility than non-ADP-ribosylated Ras. Analysis of the ADP-ribosylation of in vitro transcribed/translated Ras by ExoS identified two electrophoretically shifted forms of Ras, which was consistent with the ADP-ribosylation of Ras at two distinct arginine residues. Analysis of ADP-ribosylated in vitro transcribed/translated Ras mutants possessing individual Arg-to-Ala substitutions showed that Arg-41 was the preferred site of ADP-ribosylation and that the second ADP-ribosylation event occurred at a slower rate than the ADP-ribosylation at Arg-41, but did not occur at a specific arginine residue. Analysis of bacterially expressed wild-type RasDeltaCAAX and RasDeltaCAAXR41K supported the conclusion that Arg-41 was the preferred site of ADP-ribosylation. Arg-41 is located adjacent to the switch 1 region of Ras, which is involved in effector interactions. Introduction of ExoS into eukaryotic cells inhibited Ras-mediated eukaryotic signal transduction since infection of PC-12 cells with an ExoS-producing strain of P. aeruginosa inhibited nerve growth factor-stimulated neurite formation. This is the first demonstration that ExoS disrupts a Ras-mediated signal transduction pathway.
Orlistat in the treatment of NASH: a case series (2003)

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is now recognized as a common chronic liver disorder. Up to 16% of affected patients may progress to cirrhosis. The incidence and prevalence of this disease are noted to be increasing, in parallel with the nationwide increase in obesity and diabetes. Treatment options for these patients remain quite limited, however. Weight reduction has been advocated, but there are little data to support this practice, as most patients are unable to comply with the proper dietary modifications. We report three obese patients with biopsy-proven nonalcoholic steatohepatitis treated for 6-12 months with a weight reduction medication, orlistat, who lost between 22-42 lb, and had significant clinical and histopathological improvement on follow-up.
High second-order nonlinearities in poled silicate fibers (1994)

Effective quadratic nonlinearities as high as 0.2 pm/V are reported for the first time to our knowledge in poled germanosilicate fibers. This value is ~200 times higher than previously achieved in these fibers. The presence of Ge is found to enhance the efficacy of both thermal (in combination with OH doping) and electron-beam poling in silica.
Studies on diazepines. XXIX. Syntheses of 3H- and 5H-1,4-benzodiazepines from 3-azidoquinolines. (1987)

Irradiation of the 3-azidoquinolines (6a-c) in the presence of sodium methoxide resulted in ring expansion to give the fully unsaturated 3-methoxy-3H-1, 4-benzodiazepines (8). Further treatment of the 2-unsubstituted 3H-1, 4-benzodiazepine (8a) with sodium methoxide in methanol gave the solvent adduct 7, which reverted to 8a on being refluxed in benzene, whereas the 2- substituted 3H-1, 4-benzodiazepines (8b, c), upon treatment with sodium methoxide, underwent tautomerization to afford the 5H-1, 4-benzodiazepines (15). Some reactions of the new 1, 4- benzodiazepines (8 and 15) thus obtained were also examined.
New developments in drug delivery systems (1990)

The rate-controlled drug delivery systems outlined above have been steadily introduced into the biomedical community since the middle of the 1970s. It is the author's belief that many more of the conventional drug delivery systems which we have been using for many decades will be gradually replaced, in coming years, by these high-tech-based rate-controlled drug delivery systems.
H-7 increases trabecular facility and facility after ciliary muscle disinsertion in monkeys. (1999)

To determine the effects of the serine-threonine kinase inhibitor H-7 on total outflow facility in iridectomized + ciliary muscle (CM)- disinserted, and on trabecular facility in normal, monkey eyes.Total outflow facility was determined by two-level constant pressure perfusion of the anterior chamber. Trabecular outflow facility was determined from accumulation in blood of intracamerally infused radioiodinated albumin at two intraocular pressure levels.Three-hundred micromoles of intracameral H-7 doubled facility in iridectomized + CM- disinserted monkey eyes and contralateral iridectomized-only eyes. Four 5-microl drops of 400 mM H-7 applied topically followed 2 hours later by anterior chamber exchange for 10 minutes and intracameral infusion for 90 minutes with 100 microM H-7 increased trabecular and total outflow facility by 135%+/-29% and 105%+/-35% (n 5, P < 0.01, P < 0.05), respectively, compared with contralateral vehicle-treated eyes.H-7 increases trabecular outflow facility in monkeys by a mechanism independent of the CM, presumably acting directly on the trabecular meshwork.
Unidirectional operation of ring lasers via the acoustooptic effect (1996)

Two different techniques are described for enforcing unidirectional operation of a ring laser using the acoustooptic effect. A simple quantitative explanation for each mechanism is presented, together with a detailed analytical model which allows the difference in loss for the counter-propagating beams to be calculated. Experimental results which confirm the validity of the models are also presented. The application of these techniques for single frequency CW and Q-switched operation of miniature solid-state lasers is discussed and, based on the analytical model, strategies for optimising the design of acoustooptic modulators and ring resonators are considered.
Suppression of angiogenesis and tumor growth by the inhibitor K1–5 generated by plasmin-mediated proteolysis (1999)

Proteolytic enzymes are involved in generation of a number of endogenous angiogenesis inhibitors. Previously, we reported that angiostatin, a potent angiogenesis inhibitor, is a proteolytic fragment containing the first four kringle modules of plasminogen. In this report, we demonstrate that urokinase-activated plasmin can process plasminogen to release an angiogenesis inhibitor, K1-5 (protease-activated kringles 1-5). K1-5 inhibits endothelial-cell proliferation with a half-maximal concentration of approximately 50 pM. This inhibitory effect is endothelial-cell-specific and appears to be at least approximately 50-fold greater than that of angiostatin. A synergistic efficacy of endothelial inhibition was observed when angiostatin and kringle 5 (K5) were coincubated with capillary endothelial cells. The synergistic effect is comparable to that produced by K1-5 alone. Systemic treatment of mice with K1-5 at a low dose significantly blocked the fibroblast growth factor-induced corneal neovascularization, whereas angiostatin had no effect at the same dose. K1-5 also suppressed angiogenesis in chicken embryos. Systemic administration of K1-5 at a low dose at which angiostatin was ineffective significantly suppressed the growth of a murine T241 fibrosarcoma in mice. The antitumor effect correlates with the reduced neovascularization. These findings suggest that the plasmin-mediated proteolysis may be involved in the negative switch of angiogenesis.
Spinal fusion with recombinant human growth and differentiation factor‐5 combined with a mineralized collagen matrix (2001)

The availability of recombinant osteoinductive growth factors and new osteoconductive matrices offers an alternative to the use of autogenous bone (autograft) for grafting indications. This study evaluates the bone-forming activity of a mineralized collagen matrix combined with recombinant human growth and differentiation factor-5 in a rabbit posterolateral spinal fusion model. The activity of three distinct matrix-growth factor formulations is assessed by radiographic, histologic, and mechanical strength methods. Results show that the radiographic density, histologic quality, and mechanical strength of fusion at 12 weeks post-treatment rank consistently within the treatment groups. Optimal formulations are shown to perform similar to autograft in both the rate and strength of fusion. Fusion rates as high as 80% are observed within specific matrix/growth factor formulations. The average biomechanical strength of treated motion segments in the most efficacious formulation is 82% higher than that obtained with autograft, although this difference is not statistically significant. The fusion mass formed in response to matrix/growth factor formulations is composed of normal trabecular bone with a thin outer cortical plate and modest hematopoietic bone marrow. These results demonstrate that the combination of a mineralized collagen matrix with recombinant human growth and differentiation factor-5 maximizes the inherent conductive and inductive properties of each component, respectively, to provide an effective alternative to autograft for bone grafting procedures.
Managing and searching personal photo collections (2003)

We present a prototype system for managing and searching collections of personal digital images. The system allows the collection to be stored across a mixture of local and remote computers and managed seamlessly. It provides multiple ways of organizing and viewing the same collection. It also provides a search function that uses features based on face detection and low-level color, texture and edge features combined with digital camera capture settings to provide high-quality search that is computed at the server but available from all other networked devices accessing the photo collection. Evaluations of the search facility using human relevancy experiments are provided.
Tumor Suppressor Maspin as a Rheostat in HDAC Regulation to Achieve the Fine-Tuning of Epithelial Homeostasis (2012)

Maspin, a class II tumor suppressor, is often downregulated during tumor progression and its depletion from the nucleus is associated with poor prognosis. Recently, we reported that reintroduction of maspin is sufficient for redifferentiation of prostate cancer cells to epithelial phenotype, a reversal of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. We have linked this effect of maspin with its ability to directly inhibit HDAC1, thereby influencing the acetylation state of transcription factors and other proteins. Maspin overexpression leads to changes in the expression level of a large number of proteins and these changes are often microenvironment specific. In this review, we summarize the epigenetic effects of maspin and provide comprehensive bioinformatic analysis of microarray-derived gene expression changes caused by maspin in different microenvironments. The analysis was performed on multiple levels, including identification of statistically enriched gene ontology groups, detection of overreprepresented transcription factors binding sites in promoters of differentially expressed genes, followed by searching for key nodes of regulatory networks controlling these transcription factors. The results are consistent with our hypothesis that maspin serves as an endogenous regulator of HDAC activity and suggest that the effect of maspin is primarily mediated by TGFβ, β-catenin/E-cadherin pathways, and network key nodes such as Abl kinase, p62, IL1, and caspases 6 and 8.
On maximum achievable noise reduction in ANC systems (2010)

Active noise control (ANC) is primarily a signal estimation problem. The nature of noise to be canceled, the acoustic paths, and the transfer functions of microphones/loudspeakers place fundamental limits on the performance of ANC systems. In this paper we analyze the performance of ANC systems from the maximum achievable noise attenuation level (NAL <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> ) prospective for different ANC system structures i.e feed-forward, feedback and hybrid. We first derive NAL <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> for stochastic noise and then generalize the result to accommodate tonal (sinusoidal) noises. These results are invaluable in choosing an ANC design scheme.
Genome Sequence of Thermotolerant Bacillus methanolicus: Features and Regulation Related to Methylotrophy and Production of <scp>l</scp> -Lysine and <scp>l</scp> -Glutamate from Methanol (2012)

Bacillus methanolicus can utilize methanol as its sole carbon and energy source, and the scientific interest in this thermotolerant bacterium has focused largely on exploring its potential as a biocatalyst for the conversion of methanol into L-lysine and L-glutamate. We present here the genome sequences of the important B. methanolicus model strain MGA3 (ATCC 53907) and the alternative wild-type strain PB1 (NCIMB13113). The physiological diversity of these two strains was demonstrated by a comparative fed-batch methanol cultivation displaying highly different methanol consumption and respiration profiles, as well as major differences in their L-glutamate production levels (406 mmol liter(-1) and 11 mmol liter(-1), respectively). Both genomes are small (ca 3.4 Mbp) compared to those of other related bacilli, and MGA3 has two plasmids (pBM19 and pBM69), while PB1 has only one (pBM20). In particular, we focus here on genes representing biochemical pathways for methanol oxidation and concomitant formaldehyde assimilation and dissimilation, the important phosphoenol pyruvate/pyruvate anaplerotic node, the tricarboxylic acid cycle including the glyoxylate pathway, and the biosynthetic pathways for L-lysine and L-glutamate. Several unique findings were made, including the discovery of three different methanol dehydrogenase genes in each of the two B. methanolicus strains, and the genomic analyses were accompanied by gene expression studies. Our results provide new insight into a number of peculiar physiological and metabolic traits of B. methanolicus and open up possibilities for system-level metabolic engineering of this bacterium for the production of amino acids and other useful compounds from methanol.
Repeated Administration of Adenovector in the Eye Results in Efficient Gene Delivery (2005)

These studies suggest that transgene expression after repeated adenovector administration into the eye is feasible and repeated injections, whether given IVT or PO, do not lead to an immediate increase in neutralizing anti-Ad antibody titers. Moreover, preimmunization of mice by systemic exposure to adenovector, does not block transgene expression in the eye. These studies indicate that repeat administration of adenovectors (IVT and PO) into the eye can be considered in designing future clinical trials and that the pre-existence of neutralizing anti-Ad antibodies probably does not mitigate activity.