gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Internet of Things (IoT) in 5G Wireless Communications (2016)

During the past decade, the Internet of Things (IoT) has revolutionized the ubiquitous computing with multitude of applications built around various types of sensors. A vast amount of activity is seen in IoT based product-lines and this activity is expected to grow in years to come with projections as high as billions of devices with on average 6-7 devices per person by year 2020. With most of the issues at device and protocol levels solved during the past decade, there is now a growing trend in integration of sensors and sensor based systems with cyber physical systems and device-to-device (D2D) communications. 5 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> generation wireless systems (5G) are on the horizon and IoT is taking the center stage as devices are expected to form a major portion of this 5G network paradigm. IoT technologies such as machine to machine communication complemented with intelligent data analytics are expected to drastically change landscape of various industries. The emergence of cloud computing and its extension to fog paradigm with proliferation of intelligent `smart' devices is expected to lead further innovation in IoT. These developments excite us and form a motivation to survey existing work, design new techniques, and identify new applications of IoT. Researchers, scientists, and engineers face emerging challenges in designing IoT based systems that can efficiently be integrated with the 5G wireless communications.
Transforming growth factor-α in the mammalian brain (1989)

In this communication, we demonstrate that adult mammalian brain neurons express transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha). We used the anti-TGF-alpha monoclonal antibody, MF9, to immunohistochemically localize TGF-alpha in human and rat brain. We found specific immunoreactivity in neurons throughout the brain which was not a result of cross-reactivity of MF9 with the neuropeptide, synenkephalin. Northern blot analysis of bovine and rat brain RNA using human and rat TGF-alpha cDNA probes, respectively, revealed a single 4.8-kilobase pair mRNA with approximately equal abundance in the bovine brainstem, cerebellum, hypothalamus, and cerebral cortex. Fetal rat brain had about 2-fold more TGF-alpha mRNA than did adult rat. The brain TGF-alpha cDNA was cloned from a human neonatal brainstem library. Four identical clones were isolated after screening 10(6) recombinant lambda gt11 phage. The sequence of the 894-base pair cDNA was virtually identical with the cDNA isolated from a human renal cell carcinoma. A single alanine codon was deleted in the brain cDNA at an exon-exon junction. The alanine deletion is within the amino-terminal region of the TGF-alpha precursor that is thought to be removed by proteolytic processing of the precursor to the mature growth factor. These studies indicate that the normal mammalian brain neurons express TGF-alpha.
International Tables of Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load Values: 2008 (2008)

These tables improve the quality and quantity of GI data available for research and clinical practice.
Parametric Color Coding of Digital Subtraction Angiography (2010)

At no additional cost in x-ray dose or contrast medium, color-coding of DSA enhanced the conspicuity of findings on DSA images. It was particularly useful in situations in which there was a complex flow pattern and in evaluation of pre- and posttreatment acquisitions. Its full potential remains to be defined.
Structural Basis for the Modulation of Lignin Monomer Methylation by Caffeic Acid/5-Hydroxyferulic Acid 3/5-<i>O</i>-Methyltransferase (2002)

Caffeic acid/5-hydroxyferulic acid 3/5-O-methyltransferase (COMT) from alfalfa is an S-adenosyl-L-Met-dependent O-methyltransferase involved in lignin biosynthesis. COMT methylates caffeoyl- and 5-hydroxyferuloyl-containing acids, aldehydes, and alcohols in vitro while displaying a kinetic preference for the alcohols and aldehydes over the free acids. The 2.2-A crystal structure of COMT in complex with S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (SAH) and ferulic acid (ferulate form), as well as the 2.4-A crystal structure of COMT in complex with SAH and 5-hydroxyconiferaldehyde, provide a structural understanding of the observed substrate preferences. These crystal structures identify residues lining the active site surface that contact the substrates. Structurally guided site-directed mutagenesis of active site residues was performed with the goal of altering the kinetic preferences for physiological substrates. The kinetic parameters of the COMT mutants versus wild-type enzyme are presented, and coupled with the high-resolution crystal structures, they will serve as a starting point for the in vivo manipulation of lignin monomers in transgenic plants. Ultimately, this structurally based approach to metabolic engineering will allow the further alteration of the lignin biosynthetic pathway in agronomically important plants. This approach will lead to a better understanding of the in vivo operation of the potential metabolic grid for monolignol biosynthesis.
The effect of anti-human CD134 monoclonal antibody on phytohemagglutinin-induced mRNA expression of perforin in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. (2005)

CD134, a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, plays a crucial role in T cell survival. In this study, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA, 50 microg/ml) were treated by CD134 mAb (1 microg/ml, 5 microg/ml, 10 microg/ml) for 6 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h. The level of perforin mRNA was measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique. Our data showed that the expression of perforin mRNA in PBMCs was down-regulated by CD134 mAb in a dose-dependent manner in range of 1 microg/ml to 5 microg/ml and dropped down to its minimum on 24 h (p<0.05). The level of perforin mRNA reached a plateau when the concentration of CD134 mAb exceeded 5 microg/ml. In conclusion, CD134 mAb can inhibit perforin expression, which may enhance the ability of T cells for survival.
Flexible synthesis of polyamine catecholamides (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFlexible synthesis of polyamine catecholamidesR. J. Bergeron, S. J. Kline, N. J. Stolowich, K. A. McGovern, and P. S. BurtonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 22, 4524–4529Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1981https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00335a041RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views304Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (764 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Searching the Web (2001)

We offer an overview of current Web search engine design. After introducing a generic search engine architecture, we examine each engine component in turn. We cover crawling, local Web page storage, indexing, and the use of link analysis for boosting search performance. The most common design and implementation techniques for each of these components are presented. For this presentation we draw from the literature and from our own experimental search engine testbed. Emphasis is on introducing the fundamental concepts and the results of several performance analyses we conducted to compare different designs.
Integrating Physical Constraints in HW-SW Partitioning for Architectures With Partial Dynamic Reconfiguration (2006)

Partial dynamic reconfiguration is a key feature of modern reconfigurable architectures such as the Xilinx Virtex series of devices. However, this capability imposes strict placement constraints such that even exact system-level partitioning (and scheduling) formulations are not guaranteed to be physically realizable due to placement infeasibility. We first present an exact approach for hardware-software (HW-SW) partitioning that guarantees correctness of implementation by considering placement implications as an integral aspect of HW-SW partitioning. Our exact approach is based on integer linear programming (ILP) and considers key issues such as configuration prefetch for minimizing schedule length on the target single-context device. Next, we present a physically aware HW-SW partitioning heuristic that simultaneously partitions, schedules, and does linear placement of tasks on such devices. With the exact formulation, we confirm the necessity of physically-aware HW-SW partitioning for the target architecture. We demonstrate that our heuristic generates high-quality schedules by comparing the results with the exact formulation for small tests and with a popular, but placement-uanaware scheduling heuristic for a large set of over a hundred tests. Our final set of experiments is a case study of JPEG encoding-we demonstrate that our focus on physical considerations along with our consideration of multiple task implementation points enables our approach to be easily extended to handle heterogenous architectures (with specialized resources distributed between general purpose programmable logic columns). The execution time of our heuristic is very reasonable-task graphs with hundreds of nodes are processed (partitioned, scheduled, and placed) in a couple of minutes
Skin models for the testing of transdermal drugs (2016)

The assessment of percutaneous permeation of molecules is a key step in the evaluation of dermal or transdermal delivery systems. If the drugs are intended for delivery to humans, the most appropriate setting in which to do the assessment is the in vivo human. However, this may not be possible for ethical, practical, or economic reasons, particularly in the early phases of development. It is thus necessary to find alternative methods using accessible and reproducible surrogates for in vivo human skin. A range of models has been developed, including ex vivo human skin, usually obtained from cadavers or plastic surgery patients, ex vivo animal skin, and artificial or reconstructed skin models. Increasingly, largely driven by regulatory authorities and industry, there is a focus on developing standardized techniques and protocols. With this comes the need to demonstrate that the surrogate models produce results that correlate with those from in vivo human studies and that they can be used to show bioequivalence of different topical products. This review discusses the alternative skin models that have been developed as surrogates for normal and diseased skin and examines the concepts of using model systems for in vitro-in vivo correlation and the demonstration of bioequivalence.
Combining beamforming and orthogonal space-time block coding (2002)

Multiple transmit and receive antennas can be used in wireless systems to achieve high data rate communication. Efficient space-time codes have been developed that utilize a large portion of the available capacity. These codes are designed under the assumption that the transmitter has no knowledge about the channel. In this work, on the other hand, we consider the case when the transmitter has partial, but not perfect, knowledge about the channel and how to improve a predetermined code so that this fact is taken into account. A performance criterion is derived for a frequency-nonselective fading channel and then utilized to optimize a linear transformation of the predetermined code. The resulting optimization problem turns out to be convex and can thus be efficiently solved using standard methods. In addition, a particularly efficient solution method is developed for the special case of independently fading channel coefficients. The proposed transmission scheme combines the benefits of conventional beamforming with those given by orthogonal space-time block coding. Simulation results for a narrow-band system with multiple transmit antennas and one or more receive antennas demonstrate significant gains over conventional methods in a scenario with nonperfect channel knowledge.
DYNAMITE: an efficient automatic test pattern generation system for path delay faults (1991)

The authors present DYNAMITE, a versatile and efficient automatic test pattern generation system for path delay fault. Based upon a ten-valued and a three-valued logic, the deterministic test pattern generation algorithm incorporated in DYNAMITE is capable of generating both robust and nonrobust tests for path delay faults. Particular emphasis has been placed on coping with the main disadvantage of the path delay fault model. The distinct features of DYNAMITE consist of the application of a powerful implication procedure and a stepwise path sensitization procedure, which has the capability of proving large numbers of path faults as redundant by a single test generation attempt. The delay test generation process is further optimized by the use of a new path selection procedure which aims at the identification of paths, which can successfully be sensitized, and the elimination of redundant, i.e., unsensitizable, paths.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Molecular analysis of a second functional <i>A1</i> gene (<i>dihydroflavonol 4‐reductase</i>) in <i>Zea mays</i> (1998)

Some genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis in Zea mays are duplicated and differentially expressed. From the analysis of the A1 gene (dihydroflavonol 4-reductase), which is involved in this pathway, no molecular evidence for gene duplication was known to date. Isolation and analysis of A1 homologous genomic clones revealed the presence of a second A1 gene in maize and also two copies of the gene in Teosinte guerrero. The duplicated genes are structurally very similar and, at least in maize, the second gene is expressed.
&lt;title&gt;Advanced rotorcraft helmet-mounted display sighting system (HMDSS) optical distortion correction methodology&lt;/title&gt; (2002)

Helmet Mounted Displays (HMDs) typically utilize off axis optical systems that result in distorted images. In order to minimize the weight on the pilot's head, a pixilated display, such as an Active Matrix liquid Crystal Display (AMLCD), is utilized as the imaging source. Pixelated displays based on AMLCDs cannot correct distortions or perform spatial transformations as easily as an analog CRT-based systems using electron beam deflection. An advanced rotorcraft HMDSS is a digital system where correcting the distortion within the digital domain is desired to eliminate the inaccuracies of converting to analog, correcting the distortion and converting back to digital. Other system requirements necessitate that the input video be rescaled to provide the proper image to the optical system in order to have the FLIR imagery overlay the real world as the pilot looks through the canopy. To optimize image resolution with minimum sensor size, the FLIR system scans in column mode. As this is not compatible with conventional AMLCD scanning, the FLIR video data must be converted to a row scan. This function, which normally results in additional frame delay, will also be described, together with methods for reducing the latency. The physical constrains of the helmet and the desire to use identical AMLCD devices meant that the devices are rotated between sides of the helmet. This rotation requires that the video image be scanned horizontally and vertically flipped creating another complexity in the design. Requirements for a helmet mounted image intensified television camera to be displayed as an image by itself or overlaid with symbology provided from external video creates additional complexity for distortion correction within the optical chain and will be discussed in this paper. All of these modes require that the video be manipulated in varying degrees of complexity. The enabling technology described in this paper is a complex integrated circuit that allows the user to program the required functions of rotation, scaling, overlays and distortion with minimum latency achieving an effective solution for an advanced rotorcraft Helmet Mounted Display Sight Subsystem (HMDSS).
Receiver macro modeling including DC, filter, and preamplifier nonlinear properties for packaging system transient simulations (2010)

A receiver macro modeling method is proposed. It includes the Mpilog macro model and the filter-preamplifier model which consists of small signal model followed by the hyperbolic-tangent function nonlinear post-processing. By using the directional junction model, we make use of the Mpilog model for receiver input port DC and nonlinear reflection properties, and make use of the small-signal/hyperbolic-tangent model for the output port of the preamplifier. Each model works at its own condition without unwanted interfering to each other. The assembled receiver macro model can be used in packaging system transient simulations directly. A practical modeling procedure in detail is described in the paper. The comparison between the proposed model and the original transistor-level model are given to evaluate the accuracy and simulation speed. Several application examples are also shown as test cases including high-end server packaging system transient simulations taking into account the crosstalk from the adjacent aggressor channels.
Quality in provision of forensic psychiatric services: room for improvement (1996)

Highlights some of the tensions which impede the development of an effective and efficient system of service delivery in forensic psychiatry. Reports on an investigation exploring the quality of care in a relatively small unit providing forensic psychiatric care in a secure setting and the constraints which impede the development of such services. Discusses the findings from the investigation which point to the need for the organizational structure surrounding forensic psychiatric care to be altered so that there are no perverse incentives for purchasers of services and to enable the contracting process, considering both cost and quality issues, to take place on a level playing field.
A rapid and convenient assay for counting cells cultured in microwell plates: Application for assessment of growth factors (1989)

There is currently much interest in the role of mediators that regulate cell proliferation. Methods to assay proliferative effects of such mediators usually involve cell counting techniques, which are tedious to perform, or methods based on uptake of radiolabelled thymidine, which may be prone to errors caused by precursor pool artefacts. We describe here an assay for estimating the number of adherent cells present in a microculture and its application to the study of growth factors. The assay depends on the binding of Methylene Blue to the fixed monolayer at pH 8.5 and, after washing the monolayer, release of dye by lowering pH. The use of an elution solvent containing acidified ethanol ensures a linear correlation between absorbance of the dye and cell number, and enables the assay to be carried out in 96-well plates measuring absorbance with an automated vertical light-path microplate photometer. The assay is rapid, highly reproducible and easy to perform, making it ideal for screening large numbers of samples. It was shown to be applicable to a number of foetal and adult cell lines derived from man and experimental animals. It was also demonstrated to be useful for assaying purified growth factors and detecting growth promoting activity in cell and tissue extracts.
Genomic Organization of the HumanPMS2Gene Family (1995)

The hPMS2 gene (HGMW-approved symbol PMS2) encodes a mutL homolog that causes hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer (HNPCC) when inherited in mutant form. We have here characterized the genomic structure of the hPMS2 gene to facilitate its analysis in HNPCC kindreds. The hPMS2 genomic locus was found to encompass 16 kb and consist of 15 exons. During its analysis, we identified a family of hPMS2-related genes located on chromosome 7 at bands 7p12-p13, 7q11, and 7q22. Exons 1 through 5 of these homologs shared a high degree of identity with hPMS2. We present the sequence of seven novel genes that represent the hPMSR (hPMS2-related) gene family. The similarity and number of these genes made specific amplification of hPMS2 problematic, but knowledge of them aided the successful design of oligonucleotides for this purpose.
Liposomes in Immunology: Multilamellar Phosphatidylcholine Liposomes as a Simple, Biodegradable and Harmless Adjuvant Without any Immunogenic Activity of its own (1980)

Multilamellar phosphatidylcholine liposomes were coated with the antigens human serum albumin (HSA) or bovine gamma globulin (BGG) simply by suspending the liposomes in a solution of the antigens. Antigen coated phosphatidylcholine liposomes showed nearly the same adjuvant activity after intravenous injection as liposomes of a more complex phospholipid composition. Since phosphatidylcholine liposomes are biodegradable, harmless, easily obtainable, have no immunogenic activity of their own and may be administered intravenously, they seem to be a promising immunoadjuvant.
PR48, a Novel Regulatory Subunit of Protein Phosphatase 2A, Interacts with Cdc6 and Modulates DNA Replication in Human Cells (2000)

Initiation of DNA replication in eukaryotes is dependent on the activity of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), but specific phosphoprotein substrates pertinent to this requirement have not been identified. A novel regulatory subunit of PP2A, termed PR48, was identified by a yeast two-hybrid screen of a human placental cDNA library, using human Cdc6, an essential component of prereplicative complexes, as bait. PR48 binds specifically to an amino-terminal segment of Cdc6 and forms functional holoenzyme complexes with A and C subunits of PP2A. PR48 localizes to the nucleus of mammalian cells, and its forced overexpression perturbs cell cycle progression, causing a G(1) arrest. These results suggest that dephosphorylation of Cdc6 by PP2A, mediated by a specific interaction with PR48, is a regulatory event controlling initiation of DNA replication in mammalian cells.
Formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine–Induced Dopaminergic Neurotoxicity via Microglial Activation: A Mediator between Peripheral Infection and Neurodegeneration? (2008)

fMLP (10(-13) M) induces DA neurotoxicity through activation of microglial PHOX and subsequent production of superoxide, suggesting a role of fMLP in the central nervous system inflammatory process.