gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clinical comparison of pressure-pulse and indicator-dilution cardiac output determination. (1980)

Two clinical studies of cardiac output determination using the pressure-pulse technique are presented. The Warner pressure-pulse method of estimating cardiac output was compared with the dye-dilution technique in 17 patients. Both the Warner and a variation of the Bourgeosis pressure-pulse methods were compared with thermodilution in 13 patients. The Warner vs dye-dilution comparison resulted in a poor correlation coefficient (r = 0.61). Values for the Warner equation calibration constant (K) were nonstationary, varying with time from --69 to 135% of the initial value in individual patients. When thermodilution was compared with the two methods, the correlation was poor (r = 0.58 for the Warner method; r = 0.50 for the modified Bourgeois method). The Warner and a variation of the Bourgeois pressure-pulse methods for monitoring the cardiac output of critically ill patients with widely varying mean arterial pressures are not sufficiently reliable for clinical decision-making.
Polycrystalline nitride semiconductor light-emitting diodes fabricated on quartz substrates (2000)

We demonstrate the feasibility of polycrystalline nitride semiconductor light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Here, polycrystalline LEDs were deposited on quartz substrates, incorporating a layer structure identical to that used for epitaxially grown LEDs. The deposition exhibits a tendency to produce c-oriented crystallites. Violet-blue (430 nm) operation of a polycrystalline LED is demonstrated, with spectral width of 38 nm, and emission efficiency approximately two orders of magnitude lower than for single-crystal LEDs. These LEDs could potentially be incorporated in large-area displays, since the deposition of polycrystalline materials avoids single-crystal substrates required for conventional nitride semiconductor light emitters.
Stress in femtosecond-laser-written waveguides in fused silica (2004)

We identify two states of stress induced in waveguides fabricated by femtosecond lasers in fused silica and show how they can be relieved by annealing. In-plane stress and stress concentration are revealed through birefringence and loss measurements. Another kind of laser-induced stress appears in the form of swelling of the glass surface when waveguides are written near the surface and is a manifestation of confined rapid material quenching. By annealing the sample we reduce the losses by ∼30% (at 633 nm) and decrease the birefringence by a factor of 4 in fused silica.
Activation of Fusion by the SER Virus F Protein: a Low-pH-Dependent Paramyxovirus Entry Process (2003)

SER virus, a paramyxovirus closely related to simian virus 5, induces no syncytium formation. The SER virus F protein has a long cytoplasmic tail (CT), and truncation or mutations of the CT result in enhanced syncytium formation (S. Seth, A. Vincent, and R. W. Compans, J. Virol. 77:167-178, 2003; S. Tong, M. Li, A. Vincent, R. W. Compans, E. Fritsch, R. Beier, C. Klenk, M. Ohuchi, and H.-D. Klenk, Virology 301:322-333, 2002). We hypothesized that the presence of the long CT serves to stabilize the metastable conformation of the F protein. We observed that the hemifusion, cytoplasmic content mixing, and syncytium formation ability of the wild-type SER virus F coexpressed with the SER virus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein was enhanced, both qualitatively and quantitatively, at elevated temperatures. We also observed enhanced hemifusion, content mixing, and syncytium formation in SER virus F- and HN-expressing cells at reduced pH conditions ranging between 4.8 and 6.2. We have obtained evidence that in contrast to other paramyxoviruses, entry of SER virus into cells occurs by a low-pH-dependent process, indicating that the conversion to the fusion-active state for SER virus F is triggered by exposure to reduced pH.
Targeting of NH2-terminal–processed Microsomal Protein to Mitochondria: A Novel Pathway for the Biogenesis of Hepatic Mitochondrial P450MT2 (1997)

Cytochrome P4501A1 is a hepatic, microsomal membrane-bound enzyme that is highly induced by various xenobiotic agents. Two NH2-terminal truncated forms of this P450, termed P450MT2a and MT2b, are also found localized in mitochondria from beta-naphthoflavone-induced livers. In this paper, we demonstrate that P4501A1 has a chimeric NH2-terminal signal that facilitates the targeting of the protein to both the ER and mitochondria. The NH2-terminal 30-amino acid stretch of P4501A1 is thought to provide signals for ER membrane insertion and also stop transfer. The present study provides evidence that a sequence motif immediately COOH-terminal (residues 33-44) to the transmembrane domain functions as a mitochondrial targeting signal under both in vivo and in vitro conditions, and that the positively charged residues at positions 34 and 39 are critical for mitochondrial targeting. Results suggest that 25% of P4501A1 nascent chains, which escape ER membrane insertion, are processed by a liver cytosolic endoprotease. We postulate that the NH2-terminal proteolytic cleavage activates a cryptic mitochondrial targeting signal. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that a portion of transiently expressed P4501A1 is colocalized with the mitochondrial-specific marker protein cytochrome oxidase subunit I. The mitochondrial-associated MT2a and MT2b are localized within the inner membrane compartment, as tested by resistance to limited proteolysis in both intact mitochondria and mitoplasts. Our results therefore describe a novel mechanism whereby proteins with chimeric signal sequence are targeted to the ER as well as to the mitochondria.
Rhinovirus Induces Airway Epithelial Gene Expression through Double-Stranded RNA and IFN-Dependent Pathways (2005)

Rhinovirus (RV) infection is the major cause of common colds and of asthma exacerbations. Because the epithelial cell layer is the primary target of RV infection, we hypothesize that RV-induced airway disease is associated with the perturbation of airway epithelial gene expression. In this study, well differentiated primary human airway epithelial cells were infected with either RV16 (major group) or RV1B (minor group). Transcriptional gene profiles from RV-infected and mock-infected control cells were analyzed by Affymetrix Genechip, and changes of the gene expression were confirmed by real-time RT-PCR analysis. At 24 h after infection, 48 genes induced by both viruses were identified. Most of these genes are related to the IFN pathway, and have been documented to have antiviral functions. Indeed, a significant stimulation of IFN-beta secretion was detected after RV16 infection. Neutralizing antibody specific to IFN-beta and a specific inhibitor of the Janus kinase pathway both significantly blocked the induction of RV-inducible genes. Further studies demonstrated that 2-aminopurine, a specific inhibitor double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase, could block both IFN-beta production and RV-induced gene expression. Thus, IFN-beta-dependent pathway is a part of the double-stranded RNA-initiated pathway that is responsible for RV-induced gene expression. Consistent with its indispensable role in the induction of antiviral genes, deactivation of this signaling pathway significantly enhanced viral production. Because increase of viral yield is associated with the severity of RV-induced airway illness, the discovery of an epithelial antiviral signaling pathway in this study will contribute to our understanding of the pathogenesis of RV-induced colds and asthma exacerbations.
Revisiting Smalltalk-80 blocks: a logic generator for FPGAs (1996)

A Smalltalk-80 block is an encapsulation of code the evaluation of which is delayed, either for casual or repetitive execution (message value), or for process creation (message fork). Execution is driven following the object oriented paradigm with late binding of messages to actual functions. A logic generator is described, which is based on the compilation of blocks to logic specifications. The translation process applies the block to a collection of objects representing a definition set. Resulting and original object collections are then translated into binary logic depending on observed classes. Block reference to remote variables allows sequential circuit implementations. The logic generator operates in an interactive environment supporting BLIF and XNF logic representations. Logic optimization and partitioning is achieved using the SIS package. The testbed is the ArMen parallel computer which includes an FPGA ring.
The role of neurotrophic factors in adult hippocampal neurogenesis, antidepressant treatments and animal models of depressive-like behavior (2007)

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by structural and neurochemical changes in limbic structures, including the hippocampus, that regulate mood and cognitive functions. Hippocampal atrophy is observed in patients with depression and this effect is blocked or reversed by antidepressant treatments. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and other neurotrophic/growth factors are decreased in postmortem hippocampal tissue from suicide victims, which suggests that altered trophic support could contribute to the pathophysiology of MDD. Preclinical studies demonstrate that exposure to stress leads to atrophy and cell loss in the hippocampus as well as decreased expression of neurotrophic/growth factors, and that antidepressant administration reverses or blocks the effects of stress. Accumulating evidence suggests that altered neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus mediates the action of antidepressants. Chronic antidepressant administration upregulates neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus and this cellular response is required for the effects of antidepressants in certain animal models of depression. Here, we review cellular (e.g. adult neurogenesis) and behavioral studies that support the neurotrophic/neurogenic hypothesis of depression and antidepressant action. Aberrant regulation of neuronal plasticity, including neurogenesis, in the hippocampus and other limbic nuclei may result in maladaptive changes in neural networks that underlie the pathophysiology of MDD.
The changing landscape (2006)

There are few aspects of business today untouched by the impact of technology. This has immense implications for the role of the IT professional. No longer tucked away in a basement, today's IT professional operates at the heart of the business.
Improved Understanding of Fenton-like Reactions for the In Situ Remediation of Contaminated Groundwater Including Treatment of Sorbed Contaminants and Destruction of DNAPLs (2006)

The study of CHP ISCO (catalyzed H202 propagations in situ chemical oxidation) demonstrates that is it characterized by more complex chemistry than previously conceived. In particular, superoxide has a major role in the degradation of highly oxidized contaminants, the destruction of DNAPLs, and enhanced desorption of hydrophobic contaminants from soils and subsurface solids. The suite of reactive oxygen species generated in CHP reactions, including hydroxyl radical, superoxide, and the strong nucleophile hydroperoxides, provide a near-universal treatment matrix. However, the rapid decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, promoted by natural iron and manganese oxides in the subsurface, has previously limited the utility of CHP for the remediation of contaminated sites. Advances attained through the completed research in the stabilization of hydrogen peroxide by citrate, malonate, and phylate will increase the utility and economic viability of CHP treatment. The results of this research will enable field personnel to better design CHP ISCO systems and apply the process more effectively and economically.
Characterization of the Genomic Architecture and Mutational Spectrum of a Small Cell Prostate Carcinoma (2014)

We present the use of a series of laboratory, analytical and interpretation methods to investigate personalized cancer care for a case of small cell prostate carcinoma (SCPC), a rare and aggressive tumor with poor prognosis, for which the underlying genomic architecture and mutational spectrum has not been well characterized. We performed both SNP genotyping and exome sequencing of a Virchow node metastasis from a patient with SCPC. A variety of methods were used to analyze and interpret the tumor genome for copy number variation, loss of heterozygosity (LOH), somatic mosaicism and mutations in genes from known cancer pathways. The combination of genotyping and exome sequencing approaches provided more information than either technique alone. The results showed widespread evidence of copy number changes involving most chromosomes including the possible loss of both alleles of CDKN1B (p27/Kip1). LOH was observed for the regions encompassing the tumor suppressors TP53, RB1, and CHD1. Predicted damaging somatic mutations were observed in the retained TP53 and RB1 alleles. Mutations in other genes that may be functionally relevant were noted, especially the recently reported high confidence cancer drivers FOXA1 and CCAR1. The disruption of multiple cancer drivers underscores why SCPC may be such a difficult cancer to manage.
Vertical nanopillars for highly localized fluorescence imaging (2011)

Observing individual molecules in a complex environment by fluorescence microscopy is becoming increasingly important in biological and medical research, for which critical reduction of observation volume is required. Here, we demonstrate the use of vertically aligned silicon dioxide nanopillars to achieve below-the-diffraction-limit observation volume in vitro and inside live cells. With a diameter much smaller than the wavelength of visible light, a transparent silicon dioxide nanopillar embedded in a nontransparent substrate restricts the propagation of light and affords evanescence wave excitation along its vertical surface. This effect creates highly confined illumination volume that selectively excites fluorescence molecules in the vicinity of the nanopillar. We show that this nanopillar illumination can be used for in vitro single-molecule detection at high fluorophore concentrations. In addition, we demonstrate that vertical nanopillars interface tightly with live cells and function as highly localized light sources inside the cell. Furthermore, specific chemical modification of the nanopillar surface makes it possible to locally recruit proteins of interest and simultaneously observe their behavior within the complex, crowded environment of the cell.
An exact evaluation of the probability of undetected error for certain shortened binary CRC codes (2003)

The authors give a computationally efficient algorithm for computing the probability of undetected error for a class of cyclic codes whose generator polynomial is equal to (x+1) times a primitive irreducible polynomial. This class contains three CRC (cyclic redundancy check) codes that have been adopted as international standards. The algorithm was used to compute the performance of a number of codes at various shortened block lengths, often with surprising results. It is suggested that, when dealing with shortened block lengths, one should choose a primitive polynomial with many rather than few nonzero coefficients in order to produce a good code.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Synthesis and antihypertensive activity of 6,7-disubstituted trans-4-amino-3,4-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-2H-1-benzopyran-3-ols (1984)

A series of novel 6,7-disubstituted trans-3,4-dihydro-2, 2-dimethyl-4-pyrrolidino-(or piperidino)-2H-1-benzopyran-3-ols was prepared and tested for antihypertensive activity in the conscious spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) and compared with certain of their monosubstituted analogues. The potent blood pressure lowering activity of the 6-monosubstituted compounds was enhanced by incorporation of an acetylamino or amino group at C(7) and that of the 7-nitro-substituted compound by incorporation of an amino (but not an acetylamino group) at C(6). The combination of 6-nitro or 6-cyano with 7-(acetylamino) or 7-amino groups and 6-amino with 7-nitro groups in trans-4-pyrrolidino- or -4-piperidino-2,2-dimethyl-2H-1-benzopyranols conferred superior antihypertensive activity to hydralazine and to the calcium antagonist, nifedipine, in SHR. The synthetic route to these compounds involves the conversion of 2H-1-benzopyrans to bromohydrins that were treated with pyrrolidine or piperidine. Preparation of the 6-cyano-7-amino analogue was accomplished when 6-cyano-7-[(trifluoroacetyl)amino]-2,2-dimethylbenzopyran was used as starting material.
Sensitive NMR Detection of Cationic-Polymer-Based Gene Delivery Systems Using Saturation Transfer via Proton Exchange (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTSensitive NMR Detection of Cationic-Polymer-Based Gene Delivery Systems Using Saturation Transfer via Proton ExchangeNicholas Goffeney, Jeff W. M. Bulte, Jeff Duyn, L. Henry Bryant, and Peter C. M. van ZijlView Author Information Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Department of Radiology, 217 Traylor Building 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, Maryland 21205 National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center Laboratory of Diagnostic Radiology Research National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging Bethesda, Maryland 20892 F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland 21205 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 35, 8628–8629Publication Date (Web):August 11, 2001Publication History Received19 March 2001Revised24 July 2001Published online11 August 2001Published inissue 1 September 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja0158455https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0158455rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1203Altmetric-Citations173LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Amides,Polyethylenimine,Reaction mechanisms,Redox reactions,Saturation Get e-Alerts
&lt;p&gt;Complement Inhibition for the Treatment of Myasthenia Gravis&lt;/p&gt; (2020)

Generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG) is a rare autoimmune disorder affecting the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Approximately 80-90% of patients display antibodies directed against the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR). A major drive of AChR antibody-positive MG pathology is represented by complement activation. The role of the complement cascade has been largely demonstrated in patients and in MG animal models. Complement activation at the NMJ leads to focal lysis of the post-synaptic membrane, disruption of the characteristic folds, and reduction of AChR. Given that the complement system works as an activation cascade, there are many potential targets that can be considered for therapeutic intervention. Preclinical studies have confirmed the efficacy of complement inhibition in ameliorating MG symptoms. Eculizumab, an antibody directed towards C5, has recently been approved for the treatment of AChR antibody-positive gMG. Other complement inhibitors, targeting C5 as well, are currently under phase III study. Complement inhibitors, however, may present prohibitive costs. Therefore, the identification of a subset of patients more or less prone to respond to such therapies would be beneficial. For such purpose, there is a critical need to identify possible biomarkers predictive of therapeutic response, a field not yet sufficiently explored in MG. This review aims to give an overview of the complement cascade involvement in MG, the evolution of complement-inhibiting therapies and possible biomarkers useful to tailor and monitor complement-directed therapies.
10 K-gate GaAs JFET sea of gates (1991)

The first GaAs 10 K-gate sea of gates has been successfully fabricated using junction FETs (JFETs) with a gate length of 0.5 mu m. A basic cell is designed to comprise both a direct coupled FET logic (DCFL) four-NOR circuit and a source coupled FET logic (SCFL) inverter circuit with an identical enhancement-type JFET. Each input and output level is designed to be compatible with Si emitter-coupled-logic (ECL), CMOS, and transistor-transistor-logic (TTL) levels. Unloaded and loaded DCFL gate delays are 21 and 180 ps/gate with power consumption of 0.4 and 0.5 mW/gate, respectively. The toggle frequency of the T-type flip-flop is 3.9 and 4.4 GHz for DCFL and SCFL, respectively.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Additive Manufacturing and Characterization of René 80 Superalloy Processed Through Scanning Laser Epitaxy for Turbine Engine Hot‐Section Component Repair (2015)

This article demonstrates single‐pass fabrication of thick, crack‐free deposits of René 80, a high gamma‐prime “non‐weldable” superalloy, atop like‐chemistry substrates through scanning laser epitaxy (SLE), a metal powder bed‐based laser additive manufacturing (AM) technique. Microstructural investigations and processing zone identification are presented. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy reveal the segregated dendritic microstructure with the presence of finer carbides and primary γ′ particles. Transmission electron microscopy reveals a bimodal distribution of finer secondary γ′ particles in the deposit region. Microindentation hardness measurements show an increase in the hardness value by 25% in the deposit region compared to the cast substrate due to microstructural refinement. In addition to the achievement of metallurgical continuity across the interface and improved hardness in the deposit, the crack‐free deposits obtained here for René 80 represent one of the few successes reported for a non‐weldable alloy of its kind. The results presented here illustrate the significant potential of SLE for the AM‐based repair of existing and AM‐based construction of entirely new gas turbine hot‐section components utilizing powders of high γ′ nickel‐based superalloys that have long been known to have high tendency for cracking under the processing conditions associated with traditional welding, joining, and cladding approaches.
LIME: A Coordination Middleware Supporting Mobility of Agents and Hosts (2003)

LIME (Linda in a Mobile Environment) is a middleware supporting the development of applications that exhibit physical mobility of hosts, logical mobility of agents, or both. LIME adopts a coordination perspective inspired by work on the Linda model. The context for computation, represented in Linda by a globally accessible, persistent tuple space, is reﬁned in LIME to transient sharing of identically-named tuple spaces carried by individual mobile units. Tuple spaces are also extended with a notion of location and programs are given the ability to react to speciﬁed states. The resulting model provides a minimalist set of abstractions that promise to facilitate rapid and dependable development of mobile applications. In this paper, we illustrate the model underlying LIME, provide a formal semantic characterization for the operations it makes available to the application developer, present its current design and implementation, and discuss lessons learned in developing applications that involve physical mobility.