gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Matching pursuits low bit rate video coding with codebooks adaptation (2002)

We propose a codebook adaptation algorithm for matching pursuit low bit rate video compression. The matching pursuit dictionary is a set of basis functions. In practice, a function is approximated as a vector. According to the incoming data, the basis functions are modified similar to the minimum-point-finding algorithm in stochastic regression. Although matching pursuit low bit rate compressions have been studied intensively, bases adaptation in the dictionary is a new approach. We demonstrate the performance of our adaptation method on MPEG-4 video sequences.
&lt;title&gt;Optical characterization in the vacuum ultraviolet with variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry: 157 nm and below&lt;/title&gt; (2000)

As device feature sizes shrink below 0.18 micrometer, shorter wavelength exposure tools are being investigated to meet the requirements for higher resolution. Understanding the optical properties of thin films and substrate materials at short wavelengths (193 nm, 157 nm, and shorter) will be necessary to develop the lithographic process. Variable Angle Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (VASE) offers nondestructive and precise measurement of thin film thickness and refractive index in the wavelength range from 146 nm to 1700 nm. VASE measurements provide a complete description of the thin film optical properties, which can be used to track process changes or variations in sample structure. Recent hardware innovations have extended VASE into the vacuum ultraviolet to meet lithography requirements at 157 nm.
Current and Potential Drugs for Treatment of Obesity (1999)

I. Introduction II. Criteria for Evaluating the Efficacy of Antiobesity Treatment III. Physiological and Pharmacological Mechanisms to Reduce Food Intake A. Peripherally acting agents B. Centrally acting agents IV. Drugs That Alter Metabolism A. Preabsorptive agents B. Postabsorptive modifiers of nutrient metabolism V. Drugs That Increase Energy Expenditure A. Thyroid hormone B. Adrenergic thermogenic drugs VI. Conclusion
The Ras-Related Protein Cdc42Hs and Bradykinin Promote Formation of Peripheral Actin Microspikes and Filopodia in Swiss 3T3 Fibroblasts (1995)

The Ras-related protein Cdc42 plays a role in yeast cell budding and polarity. Two related proteins, Rac1 and RhoA, promote formation in mammalian cells of membrane ruffles and stress fibers, respectively, which contain actin microfilaments. We now show that microinjection of the related human Cdc42Hs into Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts induced the formation of peripheral actin microspikes, determined by staining with phalloidin. A proportion of these microspikes was found to be components of filopodia, as analyzed by time-lapse phase-contrast microscopy. The formation of filopodia was also found to be promoted by Cdc42Hs microinjection. This was followed by activation of Rac1-mediated membrane ruffling. Treatment with bradykinin also promoted formation of microspikes and filopodia as well as subsequent effects similar to that seen upon Cdc42Hs microinjection. These effects of bradykinin were specifically inhibited by prior microinjection of dominant negative Cdc42HsT17N, suggesting that bradykinin acts by activating cellular Cdc42Hs. Since filopodia have been ascribed an important sensory function in fibroblasts and are required for guidance of neuronal growth cones, these results indicate that Cdc42Hs plays an important role in determining mammalian cell morphology.
Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC): a multi-functional tumor suppressor gene (2007)

The adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene is a key tumor suppressor gene. Mutations in the gene have been found not only in most colon cancers but also in some other cancers, such as those of the liver. The APC gene product is a 312 kDa protein that has multiple domains, through which it binds to various proteins, including beta-catenin, axin, CtBP, Asefs, IQGAP1, EB1 and microtubules. Studies using mutant mice and cultured cells have demonstrated that APC suppresses canonical Wnt signalling, which is essential for tumorigenesis, development and homeostasis of a variety of cell types, such as epithelial and lymphoid cells. Further studies have suggested that APC plays roles in several other fundamental cellular processes. These include cell adhesion and migration, organization of the actin and microtubule networks, spindle formation and chromosome segregation. Deregulation of these processes caused by mutations in APC is implicated in the initiation and expansion of colon cancer.
Unique Gene‐Silencing and Structural Properties of 2′‐Fluoro‐Modified siRNAs (2011)

With little or no negative impact on the activity of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), regardless of the number of modifications or the positions within the strand, the 2′-deoxy-2′-fluoro (2′-F) modification is unique. Furthermore, the 2′-F-modified siRNA (see crystal structure) was thermodynamically more stable and more nuclease-resistant than the parent siRNA, and produced no immunostimulatory response. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Properties of Digital Beamforming with Subarrays (2006)

Digital beamforming with array antennas is often applied at subarray outputs. These subarrays can be considered as new array elements; their phase centre is separated by more than half a wavelength. This leads to grating effects when the beam is scanned digitally. We present a mathematical description and properties of digital beamforming and solutions to the grating problem obtained from different optimisation problems. The efficiency of this digital processing is sensitive against the underlying subarray configuration. From this sensitivity it can be derived that partially overlapping subarrays are better suited to reduce grating lobes than non-overlapping (single layer) subarrays or fully overlapping (double layer) subarrays
Alkylation of cysteine 82 of p11 abolishes the complex formation with the tyrosine-protein kinase substrate p36 (annexin 2, calpactin 1, lipocortin 2). (1990)

p36 (annexin 2) is the major cytoplasmic target of the src tyrosine-kinase and forms in vitro and in vivo a stable tetrameric complex in which two p36 polypeptides interact with a dimer of a unique p11 polypeptide. p11 belongs into the superfamily of EF-hand proteins. Upon mild cysteine modification conditions, both cysteines (position 61 and 82) of the free p11 become substituted, and the ability to form the p36.p11 complex is lost. Under the same conditions, the 2 cysteines of p11 incorporated into the complex display differential reactivity. Here, cysteine 61 is fully substituted while cysteine-82 is protected. p11 derivatives substituted only on cysteine 61 retain binding activity for p36 unless cysteine 82 is substituted by a second cycle of modification of the isolated p11. Thus, the C-terminal extension protruding from the second EF-hand of the p11 molecule (residues 77-96) is important for the interaction with p36. As a consequence of our analysis, we report a new separation of p36 and p11 from the p36.p11 complex. This is based on a reversible cysteine modification and thus is an alternative to the denaturation and renaturation cycle used previously.
Cellular communications using aerial platforms (2001)

This paper is devoted to the study of cellular communications using aerial platforms (APs). A set of key equations is derived that quantify the coverage area on the ground as a function of AP elevation, the operation of the adaptive multibeam antenna on the AP, and the formulation of contiguous terrestrial cells and their shapes. Specifically, we consider the deployment of an AP to provide terrestrial mobile radio communications using the universal mobile telecommunication system operating in its wide-band code-division multiple-access mode. Calculations are made of the number of users versus E/sub b//N/sub 0/ for different service rates. Multitiered cellular structures having cells of different size that are steerable with the offered teletraffic are examined. The array structure to achieve this is identified. The preliminary results shows that an AP at a height of 21 km covers an area of radius 517 km. Up to 21 users per cell with a service rate of 8 kb/s can be accommodated in the 3.2-GHz band. These services can be provided within an area of radius 70 km with transmitted powers of less than 1 W. High system capacity is proved to be possible by constructing cells of radius as small as 100 m using square planar arrays with dimensions of less than 12 m /spl times/12 m. The AP system provides high capacity and Doppler frequency shifts that only originate from roving mobiles.
Chronic interstitial cystitis. Successful treatment with intravesical idocaine. (1992)

A case of interstitial cystitis in a patient with a 5-year history treated by intravesical instillations of Lidocaine is reported. The repeated treatment relieved the patient from her pain and induced a potent anti-inflammatory effect on the bladder wall. The concentrations of plasma Lidocaine were between 1.4 and 1.1 mg/ml. No adverse reactions were reported with a follow-up of 2-years.
Comparison of tramadol with morphine for post-operative pain following abdominal surgery (1996)

In a multi-centre, double-blind, randomized study involving 523 patients, the analgesic efficacy of tramadol was compared to that of morphine given in repeated intravenous boluses as required to control post-operative pain following abdominal surgery over 24 h. Intravenous administration of the study analgesic started as soon as the patient reported pain. Patients received an initial dose (either tramadol 100 mg or morphine 5 mg) and, if necessary, repeat doses of tramadol 50 mg or morphine 5 mg could be given on demand over the first 90 min. Further doses up to a total of tramadol 400 mg or morphine 40 mg could then be given after 90 min up to 24 h after the first dose of study medication. The primary efficacy parameter was the responder rate (no or slight pain) within the first 90 min of treatment. Whilst responder rates reached 72.6% with tramadol and 81.2% with morphine, the treatments were statistically equivalent and the observed difference in the responder rates between the groups was within the predefined range of +/- 10%. Mean cumulative doses received by treatment responders amounted to 188.2 mg within the first 1.5 h and 157.1 mg during the subsequent 22.5 h in the tramadol group and 13.9 and 18.4 mg, respectively, in the morphine group. A high incidence of gastrointestinal adverse events were observed with both treatments mostly consisting of mild nausea, dry mouth, vomiting, dyspepsia and hiccups.
Rhodium-Catalyzed Carbon−Carbon Bond Forming Reactions of Organometallic Compounds (2002)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRhodium-Catalyzed Carbon−Carbon Bond Forming Reactions of Organometallic CompoundsKeith Fagnou and Mark LautensView Author Information University of Ottawa, Department of Chemistry, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, K1N 6N5, Canada, and Davenport Research Laboratories, University of Toronto, Department of Chemistry, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, M5S 3H6, Canada Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2003, 103, 1, 169–196Publication Date (Web):December 7, 2002Publication History Received13 May 2002Published online7 December 2002Published inissue 1 January 2003https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr020007uhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr020007uresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2003 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views14396Altmetric-Citations1000LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Catalysts,Hydrocarbons,Ligands,Rhodium,Transmetalation Get e-Alerts
Targeting of indium 111-labeled bivalent hapten to human melanoma mediated by bispecific monoclonal antibody conjugates: imaging of tumors hosted in nude mice. (1990)

Antibody conjugates were prepared by coupling F(ab')2 or Fab' fragments of an antibody specific for the human high molecular weight-melanoma associated antigen to Fab' fragments of an antibody specific for indium-diethylenetriaminepentaacetate complexes. Monovalent and bivalent haptens were synthesized by reacting the dipeptide tyrosyl-lysine with diethylenetriaminepentaacetic cyclic anhydride. In vitro, the antibody conjugate mediated binding of the 111In-labeled haptens to melanoma cells. In vivo, it allowed specific localization of the haptens in A375 tumors. The bivalent hapten exhibited much higher efficiency at targeting 111In onto cells, both in vitro and in vivo. Antibody conjugate and hapten doses (2 micrograms and 1 pmol, respectively) and the delay between antibody conjugate and tracer injections (24 h) were adjusted to maximize tumor uptake (4% injected dose/g) and tumor to normal tissue contrast (greater than 3) obtained 3 h after injection of the 111In-labeled bivalent hapten. This two-step technique, when compared to direct targeting of 111In-labeled F(ab')2 fragments, provided lower localization of injected activity into the tumor (x 0.25), but higher tumor/tissue ratios, especially with respect to liver (x 7), spleen (x 8), and kidneys (x 10). In addition, high contrast images were obtained within 3 hours, instead of days. Thus, antibody conjugate-mediated targeting of small bivalent haptens, labeled with short half-life isotopes, is proposed as a general method for improving tumor radioimmunolocalization.
Propene Polymerization with Stereospecific Metallocene Dichloride−[Ph<sub>3</sub>C][B(C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>5</sub>)<sub>4</sub>] Using ω-Alkenylaluminum as an Alkylation Reagent and as a Functional Comonomer (2002)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTPropene Polymerization with Stereospecific Metallocene Dichloride−[Ph3C][B(C6F5)4] Using ω-Alkenylaluminum as an Alkylation Reagent and as a Functional ComonomerYoung-Gon Nam, Takeshi Shiono, and Tomiki IkedaView Author Information Tokyo Institute of Technology, Chemical Resources Laboratory, 4259 Nagatuda, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan Cite this: Macromolecules 2002, 35, 18, 6760–6762Publication Date (Web):July 24, 2002Publication History Received1 April 2002Revised2 July 2002Published online24 July 2002Published inissue 1 August 2002https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma025528yhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma025528yrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2002 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views931Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Alkyls,Catalysts,Polymerization,Polymers,Sandwich compounds Get e-Alerts
Stereocontrolled Creation of Adjacent Quaternary and Tertiary Stereocenters by a Catalytic Conjugate Addition (2004)

Not too close for comfort: Practical chiral organocatalysts like that shown promote Michael addition reactions of a wide range of trisubstituted carbon nucleophiles to various nitroalkenes, often with nearly perfect stereoselectivity (>99 % ee and >98:2 d.r.). In one step adjacent carbon- or heteroatom-substituted quaternary and tertiary stereocenters are generated from readily available starting materials. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2005/z461923_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
An Architecture for Multi-Segment Pseudowire Emulation Edge-to-Edge (2009)

This document describes an architecture for extending pseudowire
emulation across multiple packet switched network segments. Scenarios
are discussed where each segment of a given edge-to-edge emulated
service spans a different provider's PSN, and where the emulated
service originates and terminates on the same providers PSN, but may
pass through several PSN tunnel segments in that PSN. It presents an
architectural framework for such multi-segment pseudowires, defines
terminology, and specifies the various protocol elements and their
functions.
Saving water, improving efficiency (2014)

Since 2010, 128 irrigators across the SA Murray-Darling Basin region have participated in On-Farm Irrigation Efficiency Program (OFIEP) projects funded by the Australian Government and delivered by the South Australian Murray-Darling Basin Natural Resources Management Board (SA MDB NRM Board).
Linkers Having a Crucial Role in Antibody–Drug Conjugates (2016)

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) comprised of a desirable monoclonal antibody, an active cytotoxic drug and an appropriate linker are considered to be an innovative therapeutic approach for targeted treatment of various types of tumors and cancers, enhancing the therapeutic parameter of the cytotoxic drug and reducing the possibility of systemic cytotoxicity. An appropriate linker between the antibody and the cytotoxic drug provides a specific bridge, and thus helps the antibody to selectively deliver the cytotoxic drug to tumor cells and accurately releases the cytotoxic drug at tumor sites. In addition to conjugation, the linkers maintain ADCs' stability during the preparation and storage stages of the ADCs and during the systemic circulation period. The design of linkers for ADCs is a challenge in terms of extracellular stability and intracellular release, and intracellular circumstances, such as the acid environment, the reducing environment and cathepsin, are considered as the catalysts to activate the triggers for initiating the cleavage of ADCs. This review discusses the linkers used in the clinical and marketing stages for ADCs and details the fracture modes of the linkers for the further development of ADCs.
Body weight reduction in rats by oral treatment with zinc plus cyclo‐(His‐Pro) (2009)

ZC treatment improved weight control and may be a possible treatment for overweight and obesity.
The effects of spacer length on the fluorescence quantum yields of the benzofurazan compounds bearing a donor–acceptor system (2002)

We studied the effects of spacer length on the fluorescence quantum yields (Phi) of photoinduced electron transfer (PET) reagents, using nitrobenzoxadiazole (NBD) derivatives that have the -NMe2 moiety and NBD-NH- fluorophore as electron donor (D) and electron acceptor (A), respectively. The Phi values were reduced as the spacer length became shorter (n < or = 4; n is the number of methylene units of the spacer) and the fluorescence recovered by suppression of the PET process. It is necessary for the useful PET reagents to link D and A with a short spacer to obtain a difference in the Phi values between fluorescent "off-state" and "on-state".
Surface Transformation and Photoinduced Recovery in CdSe Nanocrystals (2001)

CdSe nanocrystals in solution and films can enter a metastable state in which the highly luminescent nanocrystals become dark. This change, which we attribute to a surface transformation, can be caused by heating or by changing the environment of the nanocrystals at room temperature. The metastable transformation is reversed upon illumination of above-band-gap light, at which point the nanocrystals are again highly luminescent.
99mTc-labeled antihuman epidermal growth factor receptor antibody in patients with tumors of epithelial origin: Part III. Clinical trials safety and diagnostic efficacy. (1999)

Immunoscintigraphy with 99mTc-labeled moAb ior egf/r3 could be a useful procedure for the diagnosis and follow-up of the patients with tumors of epithelial origin.
Advanced Nebulizer Designs Employing Vibrating Mesh/Aperture Plate Technologies for Aerosol Generation (2008)

Recent technological advances and improved nebulizer designs have overcome many limitations of jet nebulizers. Newer devices employ a vibrating mesh or aperture plate (VM/AP) for the generation of therapeutic aerosols with consistent, increased efficiency, predominant aerosol fine particle fractions, low residuals, and the ability to nebulize even microliter volumes. These enhancements are achieved through several different design features and include improvements that promote patient compliance, such as compact design, portability, shorter treatment durations, and quiet operation. Current VM/AP devices in clinical use are the Omron MicroAir, the Nektar Aeroneb, and the Pari eFlow. However, some devices are only approved for use with specific medications. Development of "smart nebulizers" such as the Respironics I-neb couple VM technologies with coordinated delivery and optimized inhalation patterns to enhance inhaled drug delivery of specialized, expensive formulations. Ongoing development of advanced aerosol technologies should improve clinical outcomes and continue to expand therapeutic options as newer inhaled drugs become available.