gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Road Friction Coefficient Estimation For Vehicle Path Prediction (1996)

This paper is part of an on-going research toward the development of a lane-departure warning system. The basic concept of the lane- departure warning system is to project vehicle trajectory, and compare with the perceived road geometry to calculate a performance metric termed time to lane crossing (TLC). When the calculated TLC is less than a threshold value, the control system will either issue warning signals or take intervention actions. An on-line estimation of road/tire characteristics is crucial for the TLC calculation and the overall lane-departure warning system. Accurate road/tire friction estimation can also improve the performance of many other vehicle control/safety systems such as ABS, traction control, and 4WS systems.
Evidence On The Incremental Information-Content Of Additional Firm Disclosures Made Concurrently With Earnings (1986)

Information content, Disclosures, Dividends, Earnings components
Therapeutic interventions for aging: the case of cellular senescence (2017)

Organismal aging is a multifactorial process characterized by the onset of degenerative conditions and cancer. One of the key drivers of aging is cellular senescence, a state of irreversible growth arrest induced by many pro-tumorigenic stresses. Senescent cells accumulate late in life and at sites of age-related pathologies, where they contribute to disease onset and progression through complex cell and non-cell autonomous effects. Here, we summarize the mechanisms by which cellular senescence can promote aging, and we offer an extensive description of current potential pharmacological interventions for senescent cells, highlighting limitations and suggesting alternatives.
Southwest Purdue Agriculture Program Melon Variety Trial Results for 2006 (2006)

�Variety trials are routinely conducted in Southwestern Indiana to evaluate new and emerging vegetables for their growth and production characteristics. Conducting these trials in Indiana’s climate and soil conditions helps vegetable producers make informed decisions about which vegetable varieties will work for their farms. The melon trials presented here (seedless watermelons and eastern muskmelons) were conducted at the Southwest Purdue Agriculture Center north of Vincennes, Indiana. Evaluating newly released varieties and advanced experimental breeding lines in an independent assessment is extremely valuable for growers and seed producers in the commercial melon industry. The objective of these trials was to comparatively evaluate and identify potential new cultivars and advanced
Sp1 Dependence of Natriuretic Peptide Receptor A Gene Transcription in Rat Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells (1999)

The atrial natriuretic peptide receptor (NPR-A) Is expressed in smooth muscle cells of the vasculature, where it is thought to signal the vasodilatory properties of the peptide. Despite its important role as a regulator of cardiovascular homeostasis, relatively little is known of the genomic factors governing expression of this gene. We show here that NPR-A promoter activity is reduced by 50–75% when any of three GC-rich sites are mutated. Simultaneous mutation of all three leads to a >90% reduction in NPR-A promoter activity. Transfection of wild-type, but not mutant, decoy oliogonucleotides encoding any one of the sites reduces NPR-A activity, presumably reflecting competition for a common transcription factor. Gel shift analyses show that each of the wild-type, but not the mutant, sites interferes with the formation of selected DNA-protein complexes on the other sites. These complexes share similar electrophoretic mobility. Immunoperturbation studies show that one of these shared complexes contains Sp1, whereas two others contain Sp3. Overexpression of either Sp1 or Sp3 in a cell type containing very low levels of these transcription factors (i.e. Drosophila Schneider cells) leads to induction of the wild-type, but not the mutant, NPR-A promoter. The data suggest that the Sp1 family of transcription factors plays a central role in NPR-A gene transcription. The association of Sp1 family members with transcriptional regulation of a number of genes involved in hemodynamic control will be discussed.
Imaging Technology for Neurodegenerative Diseases (2005)

Advances in neuroimaging over the past 2 decades are products of breakthroughs in imaging technology, developments of more powerful computers and image-processing software, and expanding knowledge in basic and clinical neuroscience. In addition to the insights into normal brain structure and function that such methods provide and the information that can be gained from disease-related changes in structure and function, the promise of achieving diagnostic specificity through neuroimaging lies with the potential identification of pathognomonic proteins. Recent advances in imaging beta-amyloid plaques, one of the hallmarks of Alzheimer disease, offer such a technological breakthrough and the possibility for more efficient assessment of antiamyloid interventions as well as specific noninvasive diagnostic capabilities.
Evaluation of ruthenium-based complexes for the controlled radical polymerization of vinyl monomers (2001)

New complexes of the type RuCl 2 (p-cymene)L where the ligand L is either a phosphine or a stable triazolinylidene carbene have been tested and compared to the Grubbs' benzylidene complex RuCl 2 (=CHPh)(PCy 3 ) 2 as catalyst precursors for the controlled atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of methyl methacrylate and of various para-substituted styrenes. Kinetic data and Hammett ρ constants are reported, as well as the X-ray structure of the ortho-metallated triazolinylidene-ruthenium(II) complex RuCl(p-cymene)[1,2-phenylene[3,4-diphenyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl-5(4H)-ylidene]].Key words: ruthenium, carbene, chelate complex, homogeneous catalysis, atom transfer radical polymerization.
Kinetic study on the anelation of heterocycles. <b>2.</b> pyrido[2,3‐<i>b</i>]pyrazine and pyrido[3,4‐<i>b</i>]pyrazine derivatives synthesized by the hinsberg reaction (1990)

Abstract The regioselective synthesis of pyrido[2,3‐ b ]‐ and [3,4‐ b ]pyrazine derivatives II by the Hinsberg reaction is reported starting from 2,3 and 3,4‐diaminopyridine and excess of pyruvic acid or ethyl pyruvate as reactants. Good yields (higher than 90%) were obtained for pyrido[2,3‐ b ]pyrazine derivatives at room temperature using anhydrous methanol and chloroform as solvents which promote regioselective reactions to give 2‐methylpyrido[2,3‐ b ]pyrazin‐3(4 H )‐one ( 3a ) and 3‐methylpyrido[2,3‐ b ]pyrazin‐2(1 H )‐one ( 4a ) respectively. On the other hand, when the same procedure was applied to 3,4‐diaminopyridine results were not so encouraging for the formation of 2‐methylpyrido[3,4‐ b ]pyrazin‐3(4 H )‐one ( 3b ) and 3‐methylpyrido[3,4‐ b ]‐pyrazin‐2(1 H )one ( 4b ). Kinetic studies were performed in aqueous buffers ( p H ‐0.89 to 11.5) and different organic solvents trying to improve yields and achieve regioselectivity. The course of the reactions was followed by uv spectrophotometry being those with ethyl pyruvate 2 to 800 times faster than with pyruvic acid. This investigation involves the kinetics and mechanism of this reaction studying its factibility when π‐deficient substrates are used and its regioselectivity according to the position of the pyridine nitrogen atom.
The <i>R1</i> gene for potato resistance to late blight (<i>Phytophthora infestans</i>) belongs to the leucine zipper/NBS/LRR class of plant resistance genes (2002)

Late blight caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans is the most destructive disease in potato cultivation worldwide. New, more virulent P. infestans strains have evolved which overcome the genetic resistance that has been introgressed by conventional breeding from wild potato species into commercial varieties. R genes (for single-gene resistance) and genes for quantitative resistance to late blight are present in the germplasm of wild and cultivated potato. The molecular basis of single-gene and quantitative resistance to late blight is unknown. We have cloned R1, the first gene for resistance to late blight, by combining positional cloning with a candidate gene approach. The R1 gene is member of a gene family. It encodes a protein of 1293 amino acids with a molecular mass of 149.4 kDa. The R1 gene belongs to the class of plant genes for pathogen resistance that have a leucine zipper motif, a putative nucleotide binding domain and a leucine-rich repeat domain. The most closely related plant resistance gene (36% identity) is the Prf gene for resistance to Pseudomonas syringae of tomato. R1 is located within a hot spot for pathogen resistance on potato chromosome V. In comparison to the susceptibility allele, the resistance allele at the R1 locus represents a large insertion of a functional R gene.
Effect of Transforming RNA on the Synthesis of a Protein with a Secretory Signal Sequence in Vitro (1999)

U5 small nuclear RNA itself can act as a clastogenic and transforming agent when transfected into cells. In the previous work, the 3' half of the U5 small nuclear RNA first stem structure (designated RNA3S) was capable of driving normal cells into tumorigenic cells when expressed with a poly(A) tail (RNA3S+). This transformation critically depended upon the polypurine sequence GGAGAGGAA in RNA3S+. In this work, we first examined the pre-beta-lactamase and luciferase (model secretory and nonsecretory proteins) translation with the in vitro synthesized RNA3S in rabbit reticulocyte lysate. The capped RNA3S with a poly(A) tail suppressed the translation. In addition, the polypurine sequence played a crucial role in affecting the secretory protein synthesis, indicating a primary action of RNA3S+. Further studies revealed that the oligodeoxynucleotides, corresponding to the polypurine and its antisense sequences, directly contacted 28 S rRNA in ribosome and 7SL RNA in signal recognition particle, respectively, and differentially affected the nascent chain elongation of secretory protein synthesis. These results suggest that RNA3S+ blocks a physiological regulatory function played by signal recognition particle and the ribosome in the secretory protein synthesis and support the idea that the transformation might result from a repressed cellular activity.
A magnetic guidance method for automated guided vehicles (1987)

A belt-like permanent magnet and a magnetic sensor, as a guide path and a guide sensor, are employed for a magnetic guidance system for an automated guided vehicle. A magnetic flux sensor using a saturable coil has high sensitivity and stability, which are necessary to detect the weak magnetic field from the guide belt. The guide sensor consists of the magnetic flux sensor and the magnetic switches. Several saturable coils are used to detect a wide area. The guide sensor produces several kinds of signals to control the steering of the vehicle, by detecting the magnetic guide belt.
Constructal theory of generation of configuration in nature and engineering (2006)

Constructal theory is the view that the generation of flow configuration is a physics phenomenon that can be based on a physics principle (the constructal law): “For a finite-size flow system to persist in time (to survive) its configuration must evolve in such a way that it provides an easier access to the currents that flow through it” [A. Bejan, Advanced Engineering Thermodynamics, 2nd ed. (Wiley, New York, 1997); Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 40, 799 (1997)]. This principle predicts natural configuration across the board: river basins, turbulence, animal design (allometry, vascularization, locomotion), cracks in solids, dendritic solidification, Earth climate, droplet impact configuration, etc. The same principle yields new designs for electronics, fuel cells, and tree networks for transport of people, goods, and information. This review describes a paradigm that is universally applicable in natural sciences, engineering and social sciences.
Inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7, salmonellae, and Campylobacter jejuni in raw ground beef by gamma irradiation (1994)

Raw ground beef patties inoculated with stationary-phase cells of Escherichia coli O157:H7, salmonellae, or Campylobacter jejuni were subjected to gamma irradiation (60Co) treatment, with doses ranging from 0 to 2.52 kGy. The influence of two levels of fat (8 to 14% [low fat] and 27 to 28% [high fat]) and temperature (frozen [-17 to -15 degrees C] and refrigerated [3 to 5 degrees C]) on the inactivation of each pathogen by irradiation was investigated. In ascending order of irradiation resistance, the D10 values ranged from 0.175 to 0.235 kGy (C. jejuni), from 0.241 to 0.307 kGy (E. coli O157:H7), and from 0.618 to 0.800 kGy (salmonellae). Statistical analysis revealed that E. coli O157:H7 had a significantly (P < 0.05) higher D10 value when irradiated at -17 to -15 degrees C than when irradiated at 3 to 5 degrees C. Regardless of the temperature during irradiation, the level of fat did not have a significant effect on the D10 value. Salmonellae behaved like E. coli O157:H7 in low-fat beef, but temperature did not have a significant effect when the pathogen was irradiated in high-fat ground beef. Significantly higher D10 values were calculated for C. jejuni irradiated in frozen than in refrigerated low-fat beef. C. jejuni was more resistant to irradiation in low-fat beef than in high-fat beef when treatment was at -17 to -15 degrees C. Regardless of the fat level and temperature during inactivation, these pathogens were highly sensitive to gamma irradiation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Improved specificity toward substrates with positively charged side chains by site-directed mutagenesis of the L-lactate dehydrogenase of Bacillus stearothermophilus (1995)

The substrate specificities of L-alpha-hydroxy acid dehydrogenases, including L-lactate dehydrogenases (L-LDH's), can often be quite broad. However, an LDH with high catalytic activity toward alpha-keto acids with positively charged side chains, such as those containing ammonium groups, has not been described, even though there is evidence from metabolic studies that a natural dehydrogenase with such activity might exist in Nature. L-omega-Amino-alpha-hydroxy acids are important intermediates in the synthesis of pharmacologically active compounds, and enzymatic reduction of omega-amino-alpha-keto acids represents an attractive route to these compounds. Graphics analysis indicated that introduction of acidic amino acids at position 102 of the L-LDH of Bacillus stearothermophilus (BSLDH) would favor binding of such side chain ammonium groups. Accordingly, Q102E and Q102D mutant BSLDH's were constructed and the steady state kinetic parameters determined for these mutants for a broad range of alpha-keto acids, including omega-amino-keto acids. The results obtained show that, compared to WT-BSLDH, these mutants show up to 25-fold improvements in kcat/Km values for omega-amino-alpha-keto acid substrates.
Heat‐shock proteins as molecular chaperones (1994)

Functional proteins within cells are normally present in their native, completely folded form. However, vital processes of protein biogenesis such as protein synthesis and translocation of proteins into intracellular compartments require the protein to exist temporarily in an unfolded or partially folded conformation. As a consequence, regions buried when a polypeptide is in its native conformation become exposed and interact with other proteins causing protein aggregation which is deleterious to the cell. To prevent aggregation as proteins become unfolded, heat-shock proteins protect these interactive surfaces by binding to them and facilitating the folding of unfolded or nascent polypeptides. In other instances the binding of heat-shock proteins to interactive surfaces of completely folded proteins is a crucial part of their regulation. As heat shock and other stress conditions cause cellular proteins to become partially unfolded, the ability of heat-shock proteins to protect cells against the adverse effects of stress becomes a logical extension of their normal function as molecular chaperones.
Multi-View Classifier Swarms for Pedestrian Detection and Tracking (2006)

We describe a novel method for recognition and localization of objects in 3D space using multiple views. We pose the task of classifying and locating objects in 3D space as an optimization problem that combines 2D classifier scores from two separate views of the object. Our methods combine feature-based 2D object classification with efficient search mechanisms based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) by implementing each particle as a local window classi- fier guided by PSO dynamics. We first formulate the localization problem in a multi-view framework where the domain of swarm classifier particles is extended from 2D image space to 3D space. In this scheme, swarm particles encapsulate the geometric structure that binds multiple views. Each particle is a self-contained classifier that "flies" through the solution space seeking the most "objectlike" region in space, thus effectively expanding the scope of an image based 2D classifier to 3D space. In a second formulation, we demonstrate how 2D swarm based search results obtained from individual 2D views can be used to perform 3D localization tasks. We outline a method to extend the framework from single object to multiple object localization and tracking scenarios.
Discrete viscous sheets (2012)

We present the first reduced-dimensional technique to simulate the dynamics of thin sheets of viscous incompressible liquid in three dimensions. Beginning from a discrete Lagrangian model for elastic thin shells, we apply the Stokes-Rayleigh analogy to derive a simple yet consistent model for viscous forces. We incorporate nonlinear surface tension forces with a formulation based on minimizing discrete surface area, and preserve the quality of triangular mesh elements through local remeshing operations. Simultaneously, we track and evolve the thickness of each triangle to exactly conserve liquid volume. This approach enables the simulation of extremely thin sheets of viscous liquids, which are difficult to animate with existing volumetric approaches. We demonstrate our method with examples of several characteristic viscous sheet behaviors, including stretching, buckling, sagging, and wrinkling.
Overexpression of small GTP-binding protein RhoA promotes invasion of tumor cells. (1999)

Adhesion of tumor cells to host cell layers and subsequent migration are pivotal steps in cancer invasion and metastasis. The small GTP-binding protein RhoA controls cell adhesion and motility through organization of the actin cytoskeleton and regulation of actomyosin contractility. Cultured rat MM1 hepatoma cells migrate through a mesothelial cell monolayer in vitro in a serum-dependent, RhoA-mediated manner (K. Yoshioka et al., J. Biol. Chem., 273: 5146-5154, 1998). Furthermore, the ROCK family of RhoA-associated serine-threonine protein kinases is involved in this migration, and an inhibitor for these kinases effectively inhibits the invasion of MM1 cells in vitro and in vivo (K. Itoh et al., Nat. Med., 5: 221-225, 1999). Although there have been no reports of genetic alterations directly affecting RhoA in human cancer, the expression level of RhoA in tumors has been several times higher than that of surrounding normal tissue; RhoA was especially highly expressed in the metastatic region. To determine whether RhoA is activated by its overexpression, we made stable transfectants of MM1 cells expressing various levels of wild-type human RhoA. These transfectants showed promoted invasive ability in vitro in the absence and presence of 1-oleoyl-lysophosphatidic acid, marked adherence to the plastic culture dish with scattered shape, elevated phosphorylation of Mr 20,000 myosin light chain, and translocation of RhoA protein from the cytosol to the membrane. All of these phenotypes were similar to those of active RhoA transfectants, correlated with the expression level of RhoA and reversed by the treatment of the cells with Clostridium botulinum exoenzyme C3 ADP-ribosyltransferase. In addition, overexpression of wild-type RhoA in MM1 cells also conferred invasive ability in vivo after the cells were transplanted into the syngeneic rats. Thus, high expression of RhoA in the cell facilitates the translocation of this protein to the membrane, where it is activated, resulting in the stimulation of the RhoA-ROCK-actomyosin system, leading to invasion.
Isolation of the replication and partitioning regions of the Salmonella typhimurium virulence plasmid and stabilization of heterologous replicons (1990)

Although the virulence plasmid of Salmonella typhimurium has a copy number of one to two per chromosome, plasmid-free segregants are produced at a rate less than 10(-7) per cell per generation. Three regions appear to be involved in the maintenance of this virulence plasmid. The first two, repB and repC, are functional replicons hybridizing with IncFII and IncFI plasmids, respectively, neither exhibiting the segregational stability of the parent virulence plasmid. The third region, par, cloned as a 3.9-kilobase Sau3A fragment, is not a functional replicon but exhibits incompatibility with the virulence plasmid. Subsequent tests revealed the ability of this 3.9-kilobase par insert to increase the stability of pACYC184 in S. typhimurium from less than 34% to 99% plasmid-containing cells after 50 generations. In addition, the par region increased the stability of oriC, R388, and repC replicons in both S. typhimurium and Escherichia coli hosts. The par region encodes 44,000- and 40,000-molecular-weight proteins essential for the Par+ phenotype but not for the Inc+ phenotype. Although actual sequestering of plasmids within the cell was not demonstrated, all results indicate that the par region described is an actual partitioning locus, similar in organization to those described for plasmids F, P1, and NR1.
Essential Elements of a Licensed, Mammalian Plasmid Origin of DNA Synthesis (2006)

We developed a mammalian plasmid replicon with a formerly uncharacterized origin of DNA synthesis, 8xRep*. 8xRep* functions efficiently to support once-per-cell-cycle synthesis of plasmid DNA which initiates within Rep*. By characterizing Rep*'s requirements for acting as an origin, we have uncovered several striking properties it shares with DS, the only other well-characterized, licensed, mammalian plasmid origin of DNA synthesis. Rep* contains a pair of previously unrecognized Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1)-binding sites that are both necessary and sufficient in cis for its origin activity. These sites have an essential 21-bp center-to-center spacing, are bent by EBNA1, and recruit the origin recognition complex. The properties shared between DS and Rep* define cis and trans characteristics of a mammalian, extrachromosomal replicon. The role of EBNA1 likely reflects its evolution from cellular factors involved in the assembly of the initiation machinery.