gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Activation of focal adhesion kinase enhances the adhesion and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells via extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 signaling pathway activation (2005)

Our results demonstrated that activation of FAK is involved with the aggressive capability in pancreatic cancer through Ras/ERK signaling pathway. Based on our results, we suggest that the modification of IL-1, FAK, and integrins functions might be a novel therapeutic approach to aggressive spread of pancreatic cancer.
Diagnostic and pathogenetic considerations in transfusion‐related acute lung injury (1985)

Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is an infrequent but life-threatening complication of hemotherapy. The findings in 36 cases are described. The typical clinical presentation includes acute respiratory distress characterized by hypoxemia and fulminant pulmonary edema. The onset is usually within 4 hours of transfusion and is accompanied by hypotension. In most patients (81%), recovery is rapid and complete. In 89 percent of cases, granulocyte or lymphocytotoxic antibodies are found in the serum of the implicated blood product which contained plasma. HLA-specific antibodies were identified in donor serums in 65 percent of cases evaluated. The passive transfer of these antibodies may promote complement activation and subsequent pulmonary injury. TRALI is an important cause of transfusion-associated morbidity and is probably often misdiagnosed. Blood banks need to identify donors whose plasma causes these reactions in order to prevent their recurrence.
Bulk Scheduling With the DIANA Scheduler (2006)

Results from the research and development of a Data Intensive and Network Aware (DIANA) scheduling engine, to be used primarily for data intensive sciences such as physics analysis, are described. In Grid analyses, tasks can involve thousands of computing, data handling, and network resources. The central problem in the scheduling of these resources is the coordinated management of computation and data at multiple locations and not just data replication or movement. However, this can prove to be a rather costly operation and efficient scheduling can be a challenge if compute and data resources are mapped without considering network costs. We have implemented an adaptive algorithm within the so-called DIANA Scheduler which takes into account data location and size, network performance and computation capability in order to enable efficient global scheduling. DIANA is a performance-aware and economy-guided Meta Scheduler. It iteratively allocates each job to the site that is most likely to produce the best performance as well as optimizing the global queue for any remaining jobs. Therefore, it is equally suitable whether a single job is being submitted or bulk scheduling is being performed. Results indicate that considerable performance improvements can be gained by adopting the DIANA scheduling approach
Cardioprotective Actions by a Water-Soluble Carbon Monoxide–Releasing Molecule (2003)

Carbon monoxide, which is generated in mammals during the degradation of heme by the enzyme heme oxygenase, is an important signaling mediator. Transition metal carbonyls have been recently shown to function as carbon monoxide-releasing molecules (CO-RMs) and to elicit distinct pharmacological activities in biological systems. In the present study, we report that a water-soluble form of CO-RM promotes cardioprotection in vitro and in vivo. Specifically, we found that tricarbonylchloro(glycinato)ruthenium(II) (CORM-3) is stable in water at acidic pH but in physiological buffers rapidly liberates CO in solution. Cardiac cells pretreated with CORM-3 (10 to 50 micromol/L) become more resistant to the damage caused by hypoxia-reoxygenation and oxidative stress. In addition, isolated hearts reperfused in the presence of CORM-3 (10 micromol/L) after an ischemic event displayed a significant recovery in myocardial performance and a marked and significant reduction in cardiac muscle damage and infarct size. The cardioprotective effects mediated by CORM-3 in cardiac cells and isolated hearts were totally abolished by 5-hydroxydecanoic acid, an inhibitor of mitochondrial ATP-dependent potassium channels. Predictably, cardioprotection is lost when CORM-3 is replaced by an inactive form (iCORM-3) that is incapable of liberating CO. Using a model of cardiac allograft rejection in mice, we also found that treatment of recipients with CORM-3 but not iCORM-3 considerably prolonged the survival rate of transplanted hearts. These data corroborate the notion that transition metal carbonyls could be used as carriers to deliver CO and highlight the bioactivity and potential therapeutic features of CO-RMs in the mitigation of cardiac dysfunction. The full text of this article is available online at http://www.circresaha.org.
Non-sequential linear CMOS phase detector for CDR applications (2005)

This paper describes a new non-sequential linear phase detector using a standard 0.18 μm CMOS process for high-speed clock and data recovery applications. The new phase detector avoids using DFFs or D-latches in order to achieve high operating speeds up to 10 Gbit/s. Its circuit structure is much simpler than the existing half-rate 10 Gbit/s phase detectors reported so far. Consisting of 1 delay cell, 2 XOR gates and 1 AND gate, the proposed PD consumes 34.58 mW. It exhibits a linear characteristic for low jitter operation and avoids half-cycle skew problem inherent in the conventional linear phase detectors. The simple structure of the proposed PD also has the advantage of lower power consumption compared with other PDs reported in the literature.
Cloning of the human platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 promoter and its tissue-specific expression. Structural and functional characterization (1996)

Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1; CD31) is a cell adhesion molecule involved in transendothelial migration and expressed by hemopoietic and endothelial cells. To understand the mechanisms underlying its regulated expression, a genomic clone containing 1555 bp of the 5'-flanking region and the first exon of the human PECAM-1 gene has been isolated. The 5'-flanking region of the PECAM-1 gene lacks a consensus TATA box, but contains consensus motifs for Sp1, EGR1, ets, helix-loop-helix (HLH) box, GATA, AP-2, C/EBP, YY1, CCACC, LyF-1, imperfect octamer, heptamer, high mobility group proteins (HMG) box, and nuclear factor-kappaB, as well as shear stress-, retinoic acid-, glucocorticoid-, and acute phase-responsive elements, and an Alu sequence. Successive 5' to 3' or 3' to 5' deletions revealed tissue-specific promoter activity within the two contiguous 0.22-kb NheI/BglII and 0.44-kb BglII/PstI fragments. The transcriptional activity displayed by the 0.22-kb NheI/BglII fragment was specific for the myeloid lineage, whereas the promoter activity of the 0.44-kb BglII/PstI fragment was apparently restricted to endothelial cells. The transcriptional activity of the 0.22-kb NheI/BglII fragment was confirmed by 5' RACE (rapid amplification of 5' cDNA ends) and S1 nuclease protection experiments that revealed previously unidentified transcription start sites. The 0.22-kb NheI/BglII promoter exhibited PMA inducibility in myeloid cells and contained a PMA-responsive element recognized by Sp1 and EGR-1 transcription factors. Isolation and characterization of the human PECAM-1 promoter represent an initial step in elucidating the controlled expression of the PECAM-1 gene.
Chronic Unpredictable Stress Exacerbates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Activation of Nuclear Factor-κB in the Frontal Cortex and Hippocampus via Glucocorticoid Secretion (2006)

Although the anti-inflammatory actions of glucocorticoids (GCs) are well established in the periphery, these stress hormones can increase inflammation under some circumstances in the brain. The transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), which is inhibited by GCs, regulates numerous genes central to inflammation. In this study, the effects of stress, GCs, and NMDA receptors on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced activation of NF-kappaB in the brain were investigated. One day after chronic unpredictable stress (CUS), nonstressed and CUS rats were treated with saline or LPS and killed 2 h later. CUS potentiated the increase in LPS-induced activation of NF-kappaB in frontal cortex and hippocampus but not in the hypothalamus. This stress effect was blocked by pretreatment of rats with RU-486, an antagonist of the GC receptor. MK-801 [(+)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo [a,d] cyclohepten-5,10-imine maleate], an NMDA receptor antagonist, also reduced the effect of LPS in all three brain regions. However, the combined antagonism of both GC and NMDA receptors produced no further reduction in NF-kappaB activation when compared with the effect of each treatment alone. Our results indicate that stress, via GC secretion, can increase LPS-induced NF-kappaB activation in the frontal cortex and hippocampus, agreeing with a growing literature demonstrating proinflammatory effects of GCs.
Enable Efficient Compound Image Compression in H.264/AVC Intra Coding (2007)

This paper presents an efficient compound image compression approach based on H.264/AVC intra coding. The text blocks are distinguished from the picture blocks and compressed with a new coding mode. In particular, the text blocks are represented by base colors and index map in spatial domain. A color quantization algorithm optimized for compression is designed to generate this representation. As for the entropy coding of text blocks, a structure-aware context-based arithmetic coder is developed. The mode selection algorithm based on rate distortion optimization is used to select the text blocks along with H.264/AVC intra modes, which can adapt to the targeted bit-rate. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme can achieve 2.8dB gain on average for compound images compared with H.264/AVC intra coding.
Alkaline Phosphatase Activatable Polymeric Cross-Linkers and Their Use in the Stabilization of Proteins (1998)

We report the synthesis of polymeric cross-linking agents, poly(glutamic acid) poly(phosphorothioates), and their use in the cross-linking and stabilization of proteins upon treatment with alkaline phosphatase. We have shown that poly(phosphorothioates) are excellent substrates of alkaline phosphatase, yielding thiolated polymers which react covalently with electrophilic groups introduced into the proteins. Three proteins of different structure and function were cross-linked using this method: calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase, glucose oxidase (Aspergillus niger), and (R)-phycoerythrin. The cross-linking of alkaline phosphatase is self-catalyzed since this enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphates, unmasking thiolates which react with the maleimide prederivatized alkaline phosphatase. Incubation of buffered solutions of native alkaline phosphatase at 45 degreesC for 7-14 days resulted in a 35% higher loss of enzymatic activity compared to that of cross-linked enzyme. The effect of cross-linking glucose oxidase is even more notable, ranging from 800% stabilization at 37 degrees C and pH 9.0 to 3000% at 37 degrees C and pH 7.4. (R)-Phycoerythrin cross-linked with 1-3 equiv of poly(phosphorothioates) and incubated at 45 degrees C for 45 days was 20% more fluorescent than the native (R)-phycoerythrin subjected to the same conditions. The stabilizing effect of cross-linking was confirmed by comparing the rate of loss of quaternary structure of the cross-linked (R)-phycoerythrin with that of the native protein.
Aryl[a]pyrrolo[3,4‐c]carbazoles as Selective Cyclin D1‐CDK4 Inhibitors. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
VpreB1/VpreB2/λ5 Triple-Deficient Mice Show Impaired B Cell Development but Functional Allelic Exclusion of the <i>IgH</i> Locus (2002)

At the precursor B cell stage during bone marrow B cell development, Ig muH chain associates with surrogate L (SL) chain, which is encoded by the three genes VpreB1, VpreB2, and lambda 5, to form the pre-B cell receptor (pre-BCR). Surface expression of the pre-BCR is believed to signal both proliferation and allelic exclusion of the IgH locus. Mice which lack either VpreB1/VpreB2 or lambda 5 show a lack of precursor B cell expansion but normal IgH allelic exclusion. This would suggest that one of either lambda 5 or VpreB can make a pre-BCR-like complex which is still able to signal allelic exclusion but not proliferation. To investigate this, we established mice lacking all components of the SL chain. These mice showed severely impaired B cell development which was similar to that previously found in mice lacking either lambda 5 or VpreB1/VpreB2. Surprisingly, the IgH locus was still allelically excluded and thus the SL chain appears not to be involved in allelic exclusion.
The pattern of monocyte recruitment in tumors is modulated by MCP-1 expression and influences the rate of tumor growth. (1997)

Macrophage infiltration is an important aspect of the host response to tumor growth. Tumor-associated macrophages often exhibit intratumoral or peritumoral infiltration patterns. However, the mechanism that mediates distinctive patterns of macrophage infiltration and their impact on tumor growth is not known. We studied macrophage infiltration and the effect of this infiltration on tumor growth in mice inoculated with four human tumor cell lines. We report here that tumor cells producing high levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) had earlier recruitment of intratumoral macrophages than did lower producers and nonproducers. These MCP-1 high producers also had a lower tumor take rate than tumors that produced little or no MCP-1. The importance of early recruitment of monocytes was further demonstrated by introduction of fMLP (a chemotactic peptide) to the tumor sites. Administration of fMLP abolished the tumor formation when applied at the time of tumor-cell inoculation. When injection of fMLP was delayed, tumor growth was slowed but not eliminated. We also demonstrated that all MCP-1-producing tumors exhibited both intratumoral and peritumoral macrophage patterns, whereas MCP-1 nonproducers exhibited a peritumoral macrophage pattern only. The number of intratumoral macrophages was negatively correlated with tumor size. Collectively, our results suggest that (a) early recruitment of monocytes inhibits tumor growth; and (b) early intratumoral macrophage infiltration in vivo corresponds to the level of MCP-1 produced by tumors in vitro. In contrast, recruitment of neutrophils was not negatively correlated with tumor growth. Thus, early recruitment of macrophages may be beneficial to cancer patients.
The spatial organization of corneal endothelial cytoskeletal proteins and their relationship to the apical junctional complex. (1995)

The organization of cytoskeletal elements and the tight junction-associated protein ZO-1 is similar to the classical AJC of transporting epithelia, comprised of a zonulae occludens (ZO) located apical to a zonulae adherens (ZA) and desmosomes. The organizational pattern seen in corneal endothelial cells, however, is distinct from transporting epithelia in that the ZO and ZA are discontinuous, with large gaps in the ZO-1 distribution at the Y-junction between adjacent endothelial cells. The authors propose that the structural differences in the AJC underlie the functional differences between classical transporting epithelia, which actively pump fluid from the lumen to the mucosa, and the corneal endothelium, which has a "pump-leak" fluid transport mechanism.
The neural control of the serotonin content in mammalian enterochromaffin cells. (1979)

Serotonin (5-HT) in the mammalian gut is mainly stored in enterochromaffin cells (EC). Vagal or splanchnic nerve stimulation respectively increase portal blood levels of 5-HT and decrease 5-HT content in EC, suggesting a neural control of these cells. Previous studies have also suggested that the vagal effect is mediated via vagal adrenergic nerve fibers, since this effect could be blocked by sympathectomy, removal of the superior cervical sympathetic ganglia or by the administration of a beta-adrenoceptor blocking agent, d, 1-propranolol. In the present study the control of the 5-HT content in EC was studied by a cytofluorimetric method in specimens from rat duodenal mucosa after drug incubations and transmural field stimulation (TFS) in vitro: Incubations in a Krebs' solution containing adrenaline (A), noradrenaline (NA) or isoprenaline (IP) (10(-9)--10(-5) M) caused a decrease of the 5-HT content in EC. For NA and A this effect was concentration-dependent. The effect of A was antagonized by d, 1-propranolol but not by d-propranolol, metoprolol, phentolamine or phenoxybenzamine. This indicates that the effects observed were mediated via a true beta-adrenoceptor mechanism. Acetylcholine (ACh), in the presence of eserine, also decreased the 5-HT content in EC, but was less potent than the adrenergic substances. TFS decreased the 5-HT content of EC to about 75% of unstimulated control levels. The presence of tetrodotoxin or d, 1-propranolol in the stimulation bath antagonized the effect of TFS. In specimens from rats pretreated with 6-OH-dopamine, TFS had no effect. Thus, TFS appears to induce a release of 5-HT from EC mainly by activation of adrenergic nerves. The ultrastructural relationship between nerve terminals and EC was studied in the guinea-pig duodenum. Animals were pretreated with 5-OH-dopamine in order to visualize adrenergic nerves. Near the base of most of the EC examined, at least 3 different types of nerve terminals were observed with the appearance of adrenergic, cholinergic and peptidergic terminals. In addition, dendrite-like processes were demonstrated. No true synapse on EC was found, but the minimal distance between the nerve terminals and EC was 150-250 nm, well within the limits of the "autonomic gap", suggesting a functional neural influence on these cells. The importance of the demonstrated beta-adrenergic control of EC was further studied in vivo. Efferent vagal nerve stimulation in the cat caused increased 5-HT levels in the portal plasma to more than twice the normal values after 15 min stimulation. Administration of the beta-adrenoceptor antagonist d, 1-propranolol in various doses did not abolish, but significantly reduced the response, particularly during the final part of the stimulation period. These results not only confirm a beta-adrenoceptor mediated release of 5-HT, but also suggest that other mechanisms are involved in the total response to vagal nerve stimulation.
Integration of Yagi Antenna in LTCC Package for Differential 60-GHz Radio (2008)

A Yagi antenna implemented in a thin cavity-down ceramic ball grid array package in low temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) technology is reported. The antenna, intended for use in highly integrated differential 60-GHz radios, has achieved a 10-dB impedance bandwidth of 2.3 GHz from 60.6 to 62.9 GHz and a peak gain of 6 dBi at 62 GHz.
An electronic DNA sensor chip using integrated capacitive read-out circuit (2010)

This paper presents fully integrated label-free DNA recognition circuit based on capacitance measurement. A CMOS-based DNA sensor is implemented for the electrical detection of DNA hybridization. The proposed architecture detects the difference of capacitance through the integration of current mismatch of capacitance between reference electrodes functionalized with only single-stranded DNA and sensing electrodes bound with complementary DNA strands specifically. In addition, to minimize the effects of parallel resistance between electrodes and DNA layers, the compensation technique of leakage current through the use of constant current charging and discharging is implemented in the proposed detection circuit. The chip was fabricated in 0.35um 4-metal 2-poly CMOS process, and 16 × 8 sensing electrode arrays were fabricated by post-processing steps.
A human squamous cell carcinoma cell line. (1975)

An epithelial cell line COLO 16 has been established from a human squamous carcinoma, characterized and maintained for over two years. The cells produce a parathyroid-like hormone and carcinoembryonic antigen. The line is definitely not a "HeLa contaminant." The cell line is available to other investigators.
Techniques for input ripple current cancellation: classification and implementation [in SMPS] (2000)

Switching power supplies, due to their high-frequency switching operation, draw a substantial amount of input ripple current. Such ripple current manifests itself as electromagnetic interference (EMI). Active and passive ripple cancellation methods have been proposed in the past. This paper discusses the cancellation methods, and classifies the basic circuit configurations for ripple current cancellation. The basis of discussion is a "nullification" process, which can be described effectively in terms of the ideal circuit element nullor. The initial focus is on differential-mode noise cancellation, but the basic technique can be applied equally to cancelling common-mode noise. The classification provides a clear guideline for synthesizing practical cancellation circuits. Both active and passive implementation examples are given and experimentally demonstrated.
Structural determinants of glomerular permeability (2001)

Recent progress in relating the functional properties of the glomerular capillary wall to its unique structure is reviewed. The fenestrated endothelium, glomerular basement membrane (GBM), and epithelial filtration slits form a series arrangement in which the flow diverges as it enters the GBM from the fenestrae and converges again at the filtration slits. A hydrodynamic model that combines morphometric findings with water flow data in isolated GBM has predicted overall hydraulic permeabilities that are consistent with measurements in vivo. The resistance of the GBM to water flow, which accounts for roughly half that of the capillary wall, is strongly dependent on the extent to which the GBM surfaces are blocked by cells. The spatial frequency of filtration slits is predicted to be a very important determinant of the overall hydraulic permeability, in keeping with observations in several glomerular diseases in humans. Whereas the hydraulic resistances of the cell layers and GBM are additive, the overall sieving coefficient for a macromolecule (its concentration in Bowman's space divided by that in plasma) is the product of the sieving coefficients for the individual layers. Models for macromolecule filtration reveal that the individual sieving coefficients are influenced by one another and by the filtrate velocity, requiring great care in extrapolating in vitro observations to the living animal. The size selectivity of the glomerular capillary has been shown to be determined largely by the cellular layers, rather than the GBM. Controversial findings concerning glomerular charge selectivity are reviewed, and it is concluded that there is good evidence for a role of charge in restricting the transmural movement of albumin. Also discussed is an effect of albumin that has received little attention, namely, its tendency to increase the sieving coefficients of test macromolecules via steric interactions. Among the unresolved issues are the specific contributions of the endothelial glycocalyx and epithelial slit diaphragm to the overall hydraulic resistance and macromolecule selectivity and the nanostructural basis for the observed permeability properties of the GBM.
Systematic errors in Hadamard transform optics (1978)

This paper analyzes the systematic errors in Hadamard transform optical instruments caused by moving masks, incorrect mask alignment, faulty mask fabrication, missing data, diffraction, etc. and describes techniques for reducing or eliminating these errors. In a great many cases the behavior of the instrument can be characterized by a single matrix equation of the form eta = TWa + e, where the components of eta are the measurements, T is a matrix characterizing the instrument, W specifies the mask configurations, a is a vector containing the unknown spectral intensities, and the components of e are small random errors.