gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Randomized micro lens arrays for color mixing (2011)

Color homogeneity is a key issue for LED lighting. To achieve sufficient flux, efficiency and color rendering, LED luminaires have to use multiple LEDs, whose brightness and color properties differ. To mix greenish white LEDs using phosphor with red monochromatic LEDs is an especially promising approach to achieve both high effiency and good color rendering at warm white colors. However, even for luminaires using only white LEDs, color and brightness of the LEDs varies due to random selection within LED bins, or by using LEDs from different bins. For diffuse illumination, color mixing is not too difficult, but for collimated light, good color mixing is a key challenge to the optical system. Micro lens arrays are known to provide extremely good color mixing while increasing beam divergence only slightly. However, in their standard forms with (i) hexagonal lenslets or (ii) circular lenslets with blackened triangles, they create beam patterns with (i) sharp edged hexagonal or (ii) less efficient sharp edged circular distributions, instead of the round, soft edged beam shapes needed for general lighting. This is due to the fact that the lenslet shapes are imaged to the far field. It is not possible to choose the lenslet shapes freely: the lenslet edges depend on the lenslet positions, forming a Voronoi diagram. We present various approaches to perturb the regular lenslet positions, forming a smooth round beam, while keeping the superior properties of standard micro lens arrays.
Gene disruption of p27 <sup>Kip1</sup> allows cell proliferation in the postnatal and adult organ of Corti (1999)

Hearing loss is most often the result of hair-cell degeneration due to genetic abnormalities or ototoxic and traumatic insults. In the postembryonic and adult mammalian auditory sensory epithelium, the organ of Corti, no hair-cell regeneration has ever been observed. However, nonmammalian hair-cell epithelia are capable of regenerating sensory hair cells as a consequence of nonsensory supporting-cell proliferation. The supporting cells of the organ of Corti are highly specialized, terminally differentiated cell types that apparently are incapable of proliferation. At the molecular level terminally differentiated cells have been shown to express high levels of cell-cycle inhibitors, in particular, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors [Parker, S. B., et al. (1995) Science 267, 1024-1027], which are thought to be responsible for preventing these cells from reentering the cell cycle. Here we report that the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27(Kip1) is selectively expressed in the supporting-cell population of the organ of Corti. Effects of p27(Kip1)-gene disruption include ongoing cell proliferation in postnatal and adult mouse organ of Corti at time points well after mitosis normally has ceased during embryonic development. This suggests that release from p27(Kip1)-induced cell-cycle arrest is sufficient to allow supporting-cell proliferation to occur. This finding may provide an important pathway for inducing hair-cell regeneration in the mammalian hearing organ.
Calicivirus Emergence from Ocean Reservoirs: Zoonotic and Interspecies Movements (1998)

Caliciviral infections in humans, among the most common causes of viral-induced vomiting and diarrhea, are caused by the Norwalk group of small round structured viruses, the Sapporo caliciviruses, and the hepatitis E agent. Human caliciviruses have been resistant to in vitro cultivation, and direct study of their origins and reservoirs outside infected humans or water and foods (such as shellfish contaminated with human sewage) has been difficult. Modes of transmission, other than direct fecal-oral routes, are not well understood. In contrast, animal viruses found in ocean reservoirs, which make up a second calicivirus group, can be cultivated in vitro. These viruses can emerge and infect terrestrial hosts, including humans. This article reviews the history of animal caliciviruses, their eventual recognition as zoonotic agents, and their potential usefulness as a predictive model for noncultivatable human and other animal caliciviruses (e.g., those seen in association with rabbit hemorrhagic disease).
Methane conversion by oxidative processes : fundamental and engineering aspects (1992)

Fundamentals. Formation and reactions of methyl radicals over metal oxides catalysts. The role of gas phase reactions during methane oxidative coupling. Partial oxidation of methane over metal oxides, reaction mechanism, and active oxygen species. The oxidative coupling of methane - reaction pathways and their process implications. The role of lattice oxygen in the oxidative coupling of methane. The development of a doped Li-MgO catalysis system for the low temperature oxidative coupling of methane. Studies of the mechanism of the oxidative coupling of methane on oxide catalysts. Elementary reactions and kinetic modeling of the oxidative coupling of methane. Mechanism of co-oxidative methane dimerization catalysis - kinetics and thermodynamic aspects. Morphological aspects of catalysts for oxidative coupling of methane. Basic solids as catalysts for the oxidative coupling of methane. The direct conversion of methane to methanol (DMTM). Engineering aspects. The OXCO process - the direct conversion of natural gas to olefins and liquid fuels using fluidized bed technology. Direct conversion of methane to C2 and liquid fuels. Process economics. Direct methane conversion by oxidative processes - fundamental and engineering aspects.
Ehrlich ascites tumor cells expressing anti-sense glutaminase mRNA lose their capacity to evade the mouse immune system (2000)

Glutaminase (EC 3.5.1.2) is a key enzyme in rapidly proliferating cells. Using anti-sense technology, an Ehrlich ascites tumor cell line (0.28AS-2) with reduced glutaminase activity has been obtained. We investigated the in vivo growth characteristics of the 0.28AS-2 cells. When injected i.p. into normal Swiss albino mice, the 0.28AS-2 cells were unable to grow. On the contrary, when injected into nude mice, they developed into solid tumors. Mice inoculated with 0.28AS-2 cells kept immunologic memory and rejected a second inoculation with parental Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. Expression of both polymorphic epithelial mucin-1 (MUC-1) and the enzyme N-acetyl-α-D-galactosaminidase, proteins implicated in host immune system escape, were markedly diminished in 0.28AS-2 cells. Study of the immune system response in mice inoculated with 0.28AS-2 cells revealed an increase in splenic CD18 cells and the presence of a large number of activated F4/80+ macrophages in the ascites cavity. These features, not observed in mice inoculated with parental Ehrlich ascites tumor cells, indicate that a distinctive, strong immune response occurred in animals inoculated with 0.28AS-2 cells. Our results suggest that inhibition of glutaminase expression using anti-sense technology induces phenotypic changes in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells that allow the development of an effective anti-tumor immune response, which makes the cells unable to develop in vivo tumors. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Pilot Trial of Ondansetron in the Treatment of 8 Patients With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (2003)

These results suggest that low-dose ondansetron may have promise as a monotherapy for some patients suffering from OCD.
A secreted high-affinity inhibitor of human TNF from Tanapox virus (2003)

A class of secreted poxvirus tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-binding proteins has been isolated from Tanapox-infected cell supernatants. The inhibitor bound to a TNF-affinity column and was identified as the product of the 2L gene. Sequence analysis of 2L family members from other yatapoxviruses and swinepox virus yielded no sequence homology to any known cellular gene. The expressed Tanapox virus 2L protein bound to human TNF with high affinity (K(d) = 43 pM) and exhibits an unusually slow off-rate. However, 2L is unable to bind to a wide range of human TNF family members. The 2L protein can inhibit human TNF from binding to TNF receptors I and II as well as block TNF-induced cytolysis. Thus, Tanapox virus 2L represents an inhibitor of human TNF and offers a unique strategy with which to modulate TNF activity.
Abdominal Insufflation Decreases Blood Loss and Mortality after Porcine Liver Injury (2005)

In a swine model of catastrophic blunt hepatic injury, abdominal insufflation significantly decreased blood loss and mortality.
A new class of switching materials (1973)

By combining several volume percent of conducting particles in a semicrystalline matrix, a highly temperature-dependent resistivity is obtained. The resistivity changes by several orders of magnitude in a small temperature interval centered on the crystal melting temperature. Moreover, a typical resistivity changes by a factor of hundreds as the frequency changes from 102 to 104 Hz. Materials of this type show dielectric constants in excess of 103 which vary strongly with temperature and frequency.
Effect of solvent, temperature, and nature of the sulfonate group on the azide displacement reaction of sugar sulfonates (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffect of solvent, temperature, and nature of the sulfonate group on the azide displacement reaction of sugar sulfonatesWing-Chi Wu, Laurens Anderson, Charles W. Slife, and Lois J. JensenCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1974, 39, 20, 3014–3020Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00934a015https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00934a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views388Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Modified Gauss-Newton Method for the Fitting of Non-Linear Regression Functions by Least Squares (1961)

The experimental scientist is frequently faced with the task of determining the functional relation between a 'response', y and a number of 'inputs', x , x2, . * * , x, with the help of empirical data. Often the mathematical form of the functional relation is assumed to be known and is written in the form of a 'regression function',
Membrane potential modulators: a thread of scarlet from plants to humans (1998)

The preservation along evolution of specific core motifs in proteins of diverse functions and taxonomic origins pinpoints a possible developmental advantage at the structural level. Such a preservation was observed in a group of membrane potential modulators including plant gamma-thionins, scorpion toxins, insect and scorpion defensins, bee venom apamin and MCD peptide, snake sarafotoxins, and human endothelins. These substances are short polypeptides of various lengths and nonhomologous sequences that affect organisms of distant phyla. Despite the structural differences, comparative analysis reveals commonality at three levels: 1) effect on membrane potential; 2) a common cysteine-stabilized alpha-helical (CSH) motif; and 3) similar gene organization (except for insect defensins), i.e., an intron that splits a codon toward the end of the leader sequence. We thus propose that these modulators, divided into two groups differing in their CSH motif orientation, have either diverged from two independent ancestors or have evolved by gene diversification via exon shuffling and subsequent modifications. To enforce protein synthesis through the secretory pathway and enable disulfide bond formation and secretion, insertion sites downstream of preexisting leader sequences have been a prerequisite. What seems advantageous for evolution, may also be exploited in attempts to 'accelerate evolution' by protein design using the conserved CSH core as a suitable scaffold for reshaping molecular exteriors.
Changes in the Serum Proteome of Patients with Sepsis and Septic Shock (2006)

Our results show that proteomic profiling is a useful approach for detecting protein expression dynamics in septic patients, and may bring us closer to achieving a comprehensive molecular profiling compared with genetic studies alone.
Propolypeptide of von Willebrand factor serves as a substrate for factor XIIIa and is cross-linked to laminin (1993)

The propolypeptide of von Willebrand factor (pp-vWF) was found to serve as a substrate for Factor XIIIa (FXIIIa). FXIIIa catalyzed polymerization of pp-vWF as well as the incorporation of monodansylcadaverine and [14C]putrescine into pp-vWF in a Ca(2+)- and time-dependent manner. The amount of putrescine incorporated into pp-vWF was increased as a function of putrescine concentration and reached a maximum of 3 mol/mol of pp-vWF, indicating that there are at least 3 glutamine residues in the pp-vWF molecule responsible for the reaction. 125I-pp-vWF was incubated with FXIIIa in the presence of various adhesive glycoproteins. Laminin, among the proteins tested, specifically formed a large molecular weight complex with 125I-pp-vWF in a Ca(2+)- and time-dependent manner. It was also found that FXIIIa catalyzed polymerization of laminin as well as the incorporation of monodansylca-daverine into laminin. The high molecular weight complexes of 125I-pp-vWF (or 125I-laminin) formed in the presence of laminin (or pp-vWF) were immunoprecipitated with anti-laminin (or anti-pp-vWF) antibodies. Taking all the data together it can be concluded that both pp-vWF and laminin have glutamine and lysine residues responsive to FXIIIa and make copolymers by virtue of FXIIIa.
The Pechmann Reaction and Regioselective Oxidation with Selenium Dioxide. Synthesis of the 12-Demethoxydefucogilvocarcin Ring System (1990)

The Pechmann condensation of resorcinol with ethyl 2-oxocyclohexanecarboxylate and ethyl (2-oxocyclohexyl)acetate provided pyrone 3 (3-hydroxy-6-oxo-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran) and seven-membered lactone 5 (3-hydroxy-6-oxo-6,7,8,9,10,11-hexahydrodibenz[b,d]oxepin), respectively. Condensation of 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene with ethyl 2-oxocyclohexanecarboxylate followed by regioselective oxidation with selenium dioxide and dehydrogenation with Pd/C furnished the 12-demethoxydefucogilvocarcin ring system 12 (1,10-dimethoxy-6-oxo-6H-benzo[d]naphtho[1,2-b]pyran) in five steps and 38% over-all yield.
A novel frequency domain fluorescence technique for determination of triplet decay times (1999)

Frequency domain fluorescence measurement using two diode lasers with amplitude modulation in the kHz range yields a signal component at the sum frequency. This intermodulation phenomenon was observed in an aqueous solution of haematoporphyrin (HP) and could be related to triplet state population kinetics. This indirect measurement technique may allow triplet decay time measurement during photodynamic therapy (PDT) enabling monitoring of the type II phototoxic damage rate.
Engineering quantum dynamics (2001)

The ability to perform measurements on a quantum system, combined with the ability to feed back the measurement results via coherent control, allows one to control the system to follow any desired coherent or incoherent quantum dynamics. Such universal dynamical control can be achieved, in principle, through the repeated application of only two coherent control operations and a simple ``Yes-No'' measurement. As a consequence, a quantum computer can simulate an arbitrary open-system dynamics using just one qubit more than required to simulate closed-system dynamics.
Gut bacteria selectively promoted by dietary fibers alleviate type 2 diabetes (2018)

The gut microbiota benefits humans via short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production from carbohydrate fermentation, and deficiency in SCFA production is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We conducted a randomized clinical study of specifically designed isoenergetic diets, together with fecal shotgun metagenomics, to show that a select group of SCFA-producing strains was promoted by dietary fibers and that most other potential producers were either diminished or unchanged in patients with T2DM. When the fiber-promoted SCFA producers were present in greater diversity and abundance, participants had better improvement in hemoglobin A1c levels, partly via increased glucagon-like peptide-1 production. Promotion of these positive responders diminished producers of metabolically detrimental compounds such as indole and hydrogen sulfide. Targeted restoration of these SCFA producers may present a novel ecological approach for managing T2DM.
Copper‐Assisted Weak Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Formation on Microspheres and Subsequent Film Crosslinking (2003)

Abstract The formation of weak polyelectrolyte films on planar and spherical supports has recently evoked major interest, as such coatings allow novel material properties to be tunable by pH and salt adjustment of the polyelectrolyte deposition conditions. We report on the build up of multilayers of the weak polyelectrolytes poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) on submicrometer‐sized polystyrene (PS) and silica colloid spheres (∼ 500 nm) with the aid of copper ion templating. The copper ions complex to the carboxylate groups of PAA, facilitating the formation of PAA/PAH multilayers on the particles. Regular growth of the layers on the colloid spheres with each polyelectrolyte deposition step was confirmed by microelectrophoresis, single‐particle light scattering (SPLS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), with an average bilayer thickness of ∼ 3 nm. The polyelectrolyte multilayer‐coated particles formed stable colloidal dispersions, with ζ‐potentials ranging from 30 mV (PAH outer layer) and –50 mV (PAA outer layer). Complementary quartz‐crystal microbalance and UV‐vis spectrophotometry studies on PAA/PAH multilayers formed on planar supports were performed to examine the film formation and the role of copper ion binding to the layers. PAA/PAH multilayers formed on colloid particles were also chemically crosslinked by using the activator 1‐ethyl‐3‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC). The degree of film crosslinking could be readily controlled by varying the concentration of EDC employed. Following solvent decomposition of the template particles coated with crosslinked PAA/PAH multilayers, intact hollow polymer capsules were obtained. These capsules were found to be impenetrable to polystyrene.
The role of aldosterone in heart failure and the clinical benefits of aldosterone blockade (2004)

Aldosterone has a variety of detrimental effects on the heart and vasculature and is increasingly recognized as an important target in chronic heart failure, as illustrated by the Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study. In this article, the evidence supporting the cardiovascular effects of aldosterone in humans and the proven benefits of aldosterone-receptor antagonists in heart failure shall be discussed.
Grounded Compositional Semantics for Finding and Describing Images with Sentences (2014)

Previous work on Recursive Neural Networks (RNNs) shows that these models can produce compositional feature vectors for accurately representing and classifying sentences or images. However, the sentence vectors of previous models cannot accurately represent visually grounded meaning. We introduce the DT-RNN model which uses dependency trees to embed sentences into a vector space in order to retrieve images that are described by those sentences. Unlike previous RNN-based models which use constituency trees, DT-RNNs naturally focus on the action and agents in a sentence. They are better able to abstract from the details of word order and syntactic expression. DT-RNNs outperform other recursive and recurrent neural networks, kernelized CCA and a bag-of-words baseline on the tasks of finding an image that fits a sentence description and vice versa. They also give more similar representations to sentences that describe the same image.
Adrenoceptors in the Control of Human Nasal Mucosal Blood Flow (1984)

The blood flow in the human nasal mucosa is controlled by the functional state of the resistance vessels. This blood flow was studied by means of the 133Xe washout method. Using topical application of drugs that stimulate or block adrenoceptors, including clinical doses of nasal decongestants, we classified the adrenoceptors of the resistance vessels in the mucosa. The results suggest that stimulation of alpha2-adrenoceptors causes a reduction of nasal mucosal blood flow; stimulation of alpha1- and beta2-adrenoceptors seems to have no significant effects. Drugs that selectively stimulate alpha2-adrenoceptors, as well as those with preference for alpha1-adrenoceptors, cause nasal decongestion. To avoid the negative effects of a nasal mucosal blood flow reduction, it is suggested that a nasal decongestant with an alpha1-adrenoceptor stimulating effect should be preferable to a drug acting mainly on alpha2-adrenoceptors, provided that the decongestive effects are equal.
Communications Resource Priority for the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) (2006)

This document defines two new Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) header fields for communicating resource priority, namely, "Resource-Priority" and "Accept-Resource-Priority". The "Resource-Priority" header field can influence the behavior of SIP user agents (such as telephone gateways and IP telephones) and SIP proxies. It does not directly influence the forwarding behavior of IP routers.
Lactam Polymerization (1972)

Abstract After a survey of the present knowledge of the reaction mechanism of initiation and chain growth in the cationic, anionic, as well as hydrolytic polymerization, a detailed discussion is given of side reactions accompanying all types of lactam polymerizations. The side reactions play an important role in the anionic and cationic polymerizations and lead both to the decay of active species and to the formation of irregular structures inside the polymer molecules.