gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The complex of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate and calcium ions is not responsible for Ca(2+)-induced loss of phospholipid asymmetry in the human erythrocyte: a study in Scott syndrome, a disorder of calcium- induced phospholipid scrambling (1995)

Elevation of cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels in human erythrocytes induces a progressive loss of membrane phospholipid asymmetry, a process that is impaired in erythrocytes from a patient with Scott syndrome. We show here that porcine erythrocytes are similarly incapable of Ca2+-induced redistribution of membrane phospholipids. Because a complex of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and Ca2+ has been proposed as the mediator of enhanced transbilayer movement of lipids (J Biol Chem 269:6347,1994), these cell systems offer a unique opportunity for testing this mechanism. Analysis of both total PIP2 content and the metabolic-resistant pool of PIP2 that remains after incubation with Ca2+ ionophore showed no appreciable differences between normal and Scott erythrocytes. Moreover, porcine erythrocytes were found to have slightly higher levels of both total and metabolic-resistant PIP2 in comparison with normal human erythrocytes. Although loading of normal erythrocytes with exogenously added PIP2 gave rise to a Ca2+-induced increase in prothrombinase activity and apparent transbilayer movement of nitrobenzoxadiazolyl (NBD)-phospholipids, these PIP2-loaded cells were also found to undergo progressive Ca2+-dependent cell lysis, which seriously hampers interpretation of these data. Moreover, loading Scott cells with PIP2 did not abolish their impaired lipid scrambling, even in the presence of a Ca2+-ionophore. Finally, artificial lipid vesicles containing no PIP2 or 1 mole percent of PIP2 were indistinguishable with respect to transbilayer movement of NBD-phosphatidylcholine in the presence of Ca2+. Our findings suggest that Ca2+-induced redistribution of membrane phospholipids cannot simply be attributed to the steady-state concentration of PIP2, and imply that such lipid movement is regulated by other cellular processes.
Preparation of Mesoporous Sb‐, F‐, and In‐Doped SnO<sub>2</sub> Bulk Powder with High Surface Area for Use as Catalyst Supports in Electrolytic Cells (2015)

The M‐doped tin oxides (M = Sb, F, and In) to be used as catalyst support are synthesized by using templating process with tetradecylamine (TDA) as the template, combined with a hydrothermal (HT) method to improve its thermal stability. The obtained materials are characterized by XRD, SAXS, TEM, EDX, SEM, and BET to study microstructure and physical properties, which have a mesoporous structure, small particle size, and high surface area (125–263 m 2 g –1 ). The materials show an overall conductivity of 0.102–0.295 S cm –1 . Repetitive potential cycling is employed to characterize the electrochemical properties and stability. The M‐doped tin oxides are highly electrochemical stable compared to carbon black. From the observed results, it can be concluded that the combination of TDA and HT treatment are an effective synthetic method for designing mesoporous M‐doped tin oxide as catalyst supports.
The diverse worlds project: narrative, style, characters and physical world in popular computer and video games (2003)

Extract:This study of 130 of the top-selling games for the first half of 2002 in Australia demonstrates that, across the five major platforms (including the PlayStation2, Xbox, Game Cube, Game Boy Advance and personal computer) computer and video games present diverse worlds of play. They do so in terms of their presentation of physical space and objects, characters, narrative and style.
Test planning for modular testing of hierarchical SOCs (2005)

Multilevel test access mechanism (TAM) optimization is necessary for modular testing of hierarchical systems-on-chip (SOCs) that contain older-generation SOCs as embedded megacores. We consider the case where these older-generation SOCs are used as hard cores in new SOC designs, and they are delivered to the system integrator as optimized and technology-mapped layouts. We present three hierarchical test planning and TAM optimization flows that exploit recent advances in TAM design for flattened SOC hierarchies. These techniques are based on the reuse of existing TAM architectures within megacores and the optimization of the top-level TAM under the constraints imposed by "TAM-ed" megacores that are delivered either with or without a wrapper. We present a new megacore wrapper-design technique for the latter case. Unlike prior methods that assume flat test hierarchies, the proposed methods are directly applicable to real-world design-transfer models involving hard megacores between the core vendor and the system integrator for hierarchical SOCs. Experimental results are presented for four ITC'02 SOC test benchmarks that contain megacores.
Zero-voltage-switched quasi-resonant buck and flyback converters-experimental results at 10 MHz (1989)

Experimental results are presented for buck and flyback zero-voltage-switched (ZVS) quasi-resonant converters (QRCs) operating above 5 MHz. A design procedure for a buck ZVS QRC is proposed that minimizes voltage stress to the power MOSFET transistor while maintaining zero voltage switching for specified ranges of input voltage and load resistance. A quasi-resonant gate drive scheme is also proposed and implemented in a buck converter. The drive is simple and provides high switching speed. Power dissipation in the gate drive is substantially reduced due to the quasi-resonant operation. The ZVS QRC technique described is suitable for very-high-frequency operation due to its ability to reduce dynamic turn-on losses, Miller effect, dv/dt, and di//dt and can be applied in distributed onboard power supplies.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Computing the entire active area/power consumption versus delay trade-off curve for gate sizing with a piecewise linear simulator (1994)

The gate sizing problem is the problem of finding load drive capabilities for all gates in a given Boolean network such, that a given delay limit is kept, and the necessary cost in terms of active area usage and/or power consumption is minimal. This paper describes a way to obtain the entire cost versus delay trade-off curve of a combinational logic circuit in an efficient way. Every point on the resulting curve is the global optimum of the corresponding gate sizing problem. The problem is solved by mapping it onto piecewise linear models in such a way, that a piecewise linear (circuit) simulator can do the job. It is shown that this setup is very efficient, and can produce trade-off curves for large circuits (thousands of gates) in a few minutes. Benchmark results for the entire set of MCNC '91 two-level examples are given.
Voltage-dependent intracellular calcium release from mouse islets stimulated by glucose (1993)

Glucose-activated beta-cell insulin secretion depends upon elevation of intracellular calcium concentration, [Ca2+]i, which is thought to arise from Ca2+ influx through voltage-dependent calcium channels. Using fura-2-loaded mouse islets, we demonstrate, in fact, that the major component of the glucose-activated [Ca2+]i rise represents voltage-dependent intracellular Ca2+ release. Furthermore, the Ca2+ release pool possesses a novel pharmacology in that it is caffeine-sensitive but ryanodine-insensitive. In the absence of external Ca2+, glucose still caused intracellular Ca2+ release, an effect blockable by tetrodotoxin. However, depolarization of the islet with KCl in low Ca(2+)-containing solutions induced intracellular Ca2+ release, which was resistant to tetrodotoxin. We conclude that glucose release of intracellular Ca2+ is dependent upon depolarization alone, possibly through increasing inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate production.
A dominant-negative form of Serrate acts as a general antagonist of Notch activation (1997)

Specification of the dorsal-ventral compartment boundary in the developing Drosophila wing disc requires activation of NOTCH from its dorsal ligand SERRATE and its ventral ligand DELTA. Both NOTCH ligands are required in this process and one cannot be substituted for the other. In the wing disc, expression of a dominant-negative, truncated form of SERRATE called BD(G), is capable of inhibiting NOTCH activation in the ventral but not the dorsal compartments. We demonstrate that BD(G) can act as a general antagonist of both SERRATE and DELTA mediated NOTCH interactions, however, BD(G) retains the SERRATE protein domain targeted by FRINGE, hence its antagonistic effects are restricted in the dorsal wing disc. Our findings suggest a model in which ligand binding to NOTCH is a necessary but insufficient step toward NOTCH activation.
Bovine Type III Interferon Significantly Delays and Reduces the Severity of Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Cattle (2012)

Interferons (IFNs) are the first line of defense against viral infections. Although type I and II IFNs have proven effective to inhibit foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) replication in swine, a similar approach had only limited efficacy in cattle. Recently, a new family of IFNs, type III IFN or IFN-λ, has been identified in human, mouse, chicken, and swine. We have identified bovine IFN-λ3 (boIFN-λ3), also known as interleukin 28B (IL-28B), and demonstrated that expression of this molecule using a recombinant replication-defective human adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) vector, Ad5-boIFN-λ3, exhibited antiviral activity against FMDV in bovine cell culture. Furthermore, inoculation of cattle with Ad5-boIFN-λ3 induced systemic antiviral activity and upregulation of IFN-stimulated gene expression in the upper respiratory airways and skin. In the present study, we demonstrated that disease could be delayed for at least 6 days when cattle were inoculated with Ad5-boIFN-λ3 and challenged 24 h later by intradermolingual inoculation with FMDV. Furthermore, the delay in the appearance of disease was significantly prolonged when treated cattle were challenged by aerosolization of FMDV, using a method that resembles the natural route of infection. No clinical signs of FMD, viremia, or viral shedding in nasal swabs was found in the Ad5-boIFN-λ3-treated animals for at least 9 days postchallenge. Our results indicate that boIFN-λ3 plays a critical role in the innate immune response of cattle against FMDV. To this end, this work represents the most successful biotherapeutic strategy so far tested to control FMDV in cattle.
Flash storage memory (2008)

Can flash memory become the foundation for a new tier in the storage hierarchy?
Self-organized customized content delivery architecture for ambient assisted environments (2008)

This paper gives two contributions; First, it presents an architecture for customized content delivery for Ambient Intelligent Environments. We demonstrate how physical peers made up of a Bluetooth-based network of Java-enabled mobile phones can be used to provide customized content delivery from the web without the need of a dedicated web connection per device. Secondly, we present two algorithms Self-OrganiziNG random walkerS (SONGS) and peer-to-peeR self-organIZed tEmporary overlayS (PRIZES), both providing mechanisms of temporary overlay formation in limited connectivity ad-hoc networks. SONGS is an extension of k-random walk algorithm whereas PRIZES is a forest-fire type flooding mechanism. We then show how adding even naive self-organization to these algorithms significantly improves the leftover queries as well as latency in terms of hop-counts.
Persistent holographic absorption gratings in AlSb:Se (1996)

Photoquenching of DX-like defects in heavily doped AlSb:Se is used to write persistent volume absorption holograms. Read-out diffraction efficiencies of ∼0.5% were observed in samples 280 μm thick. The optical gratings are metastable, and semipermanent at liquid nitrogen temperatures, and are reversibly erased by heating the crystal above 140 K. The activation energy of regeneration of the stable DX state is obtained by measuring the decay times of the diffracted signal for temperatures between 100 and 116 K. We obtain a regeneration energy of 180 meV. Larger regeneration energies are important for eventual application of this material class to holographic optical memories.
Geno3D: automatic comparative molecular modelling of protein (2002)

Geno3D (http://geno3d-pbil.ibcp.fr) is an automatic web server for protein molecular modelling. Starting with a query protein sequence, the server performs the homology modelling in six successive steps: (i) identify homologous proteins with known 3D structures by using PSI-BLAST; (ii) provide the user all potential templates through a very convenient user interface for target selection; (iii) perform the alignment of both query and subject sequences; (iv) extract geometrical restraints (dihedral angles and distances) for corresponding atoms between the query and the template; (v) perform the 3D construction of the protein by using a distance geometry approach and (vi) finally send the results by e-mail to the user.
Atoh1 expression defines activated progenitors and differentiating hair cells during avian hair cell regeneration (2006)

In the avian inner ear, nonsensory supporting cells give rise to new sensory hair cells through two distinct processes: mitosis and direct transdifferentiation. Regulation of supporting cell behavior and cell fate specification during avian hair cell regeneration is poorly characterized. Expression of Atoh1, a proneural transcription factor necessary and sufficient for developmental hair cell specification, was examined using immunofluorescence in quiescent and regenerating hair cell epithelia of mature chickens. In untreated birds, Atoh1 protein was not detected in the auditory epithelium, which is quiescent. In contrast, numerous Atoh1-positive nuclei were seen in the utricular macula, which undergoes continual hair cell turnover. Atoh1-positive nuclei emerged in the auditory epithelium by 15 hr post-ototoxin administration, before overt hair cell damage and supporting cell re-entry into the cell cycle. Subsequently, Atoh1 labeling was seen in 15% of dividing supporting cells. During cell division, Atoh1 was distributed symmetrically to daughter cells, but Atoh1 levels were dramatically regulated shortly thereafter. After cellular differentiation, Atoh1 labeling was confined to hair cells regenerated through either mitosis or direct transdifferentiation. However, Atoh1 expression in dividing progenitors did not necessarily predict hair cell fate specification in daughter cells. Finally, predominant modes of hair cell regeneration varied significantly across the radial axis of the auditory epithelium, with mitosis most frequent neurally and direct transdifferentiation most frequent abneurally. These observations suggest a role for Atoh1 in re-specifying supporting cells and in biasing postmitotic cells toward the hair cell fate during hair cell regeneration in the mature chicken ear.
Curcumin‐Derived Pyrazoles and Isoxazoles: Swiss Army Knives or Blunt Tools for Alzheimer's Disease? (2007)

Curcumin binds to the amyloid beta peptide (Abeta) and inhibits or modulates amyloid precursor protein (APP) metabolism. Therefore, curcumin-derived isoxazoles and pyrazoles were synthesized to minimize the metal chelation properties of curcumin. The decreased rotational freedom and absence of stereoisomers was predicted to enhance affinity toward Abeta(42) aggregates. Accordingly, replacement of the 1,3-dicarbonyl moiety with isosteric heterocycles turned curcumin analogue isoxazoles and pyrazoles into potent ligands of fibrillar Abeta(42) aggregates. Additionally, several compounds are potent inhibitors of tau protein aggregation and depolymerized tau protein aggregates at low micromolar concentrations.
SEU hardening of field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) for space applications and device characterization (1994)

Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are being used in space applications because of attractive attributes: good density, moderate speed, low cost, and quick turn-around time. However, these devices are susceptible to Single Event Upsets (SEUs). An approach using triple modular redundancy (TMR) and feedback was developed for flip-flop hardening in these devices. Test data showed excellent results for this circuit topology. Total dose and Single Event Effect (SEE) testing have been performed on recently released technologies. Failures are analyzed and test methodology is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
4D CSEM feasibility study: A land example (2009)

Marine controlled‐source electromagnetic method (CSEM) is widely used today in conjunction with seismic data in oil exploration. It helps to decide whether or not a structure displays the resistive anomaly characteristic to the presence of hydrocarbons. In this respect, CSEM provides a reliable non‐seismic attribute that can be considered as a Direct Hydrocarbon Indicator. Moreover, since resistivity is closely related to the nature of the fluids in the reservoir, one can also expect that changes in the fluid flow will induce resistivity changes that can be actually recorded when performing time‐lapse measurements. Although most of the CSEM activity has been offshore, in this paper we discuss the feasibility of detecting and localizing the OWC lateral variation in a Texas‐type land reservoir by performing fluid replacement and by looking at the data interpretability.
Antisense therapy targeting MDM2 oncogene in prostate cancer: Effects on proliferation, apoptosis, multiple gene expression, and chemotherapy (2003)

This study was undertaken to investigate the role of mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) oncogene in prostate cancer growth and the potential of MDM2 as a target for prostate cancer therapy. An antisense anti-human-MDM2 mixed-backbone oligonucleotide was tested in human prostate cancer models with various p53 statuses, LNCaP (p53wt/wt), DU145 (p53mt/mt), and PC3 (p53null). In a dose- and time-dependent manner, it specifically inhibited MDM2 expression and modified expression of several genes, at both mRNA and protein levels. In LNCaP cells, p53, p21, Bax, and hypophosphorylated retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (pRb) levels increased, whereas Bcl2, pRb protein, and E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1) levels decreased. In DU145 cells, p21 levels were elevated and E2F1 levels decreased, although mutant p53, Rb, and Bax levels remained unchanged. In PC3 cells, MDM2 inhibition resulted in elevated p21, Bax, and pRb levels and decreased ppRb and E2F1 levels. In all three cell lines, MDM2 inhibition reduced cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, and potentiated the effects of the chemotherapeutic agents 10-hydroxycamptothecin and paclitaxel. The anti-MDM2 oligonucleotide showed antitumor activity and increased therapeutic effectiveness of paclitaxel in both LNCaP and PC3 xenografts, causing changes in gene expression similar to those seen in vitro. In summary, this study demonstrates that MDM2 has a role in prostate cancer growth via p53-dependent and p53-independent mechanisms and that multiple genes are involved in the process. MDM2 inhibitors such as second-generation antisense oligonucleotides have a broad spectrum of antitumor activities in human cancers regardless of p53 status, providing novel approaches to therapy of human prostate cancer.
Establishment and characterization of a human histiocytic lymphoma cell line (U‐937) (1976)

A human hematopoietic cell line (U-937) with exceptional characteristics was derived from a patient with generalized histiocytic lymphoma. The morphology of the cell line was identical to that of the tumor cells in the pleural effusion from which the line was derived. Since Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) carrying diploid lymphoblastoid cell lines unrelated to the tumor population often become established in vitro from non-Burkitt lymphoma explants, several parameters were studied to discriminate the U-937 from such lines: morphology in vitro, growth characteristics, cytochemistry, surface receptor pattern, Ig production, lysozyme production, beta2-microglobulin production, presence of EBV genome and karyotype. In all these respects U-937 differed from prototype lymphoblastoid cell lines. The histiocytic origin of the cell line was shown by its capacity for lysozyme production and the strong esterase activity (naphtol AS-D acetate esterase inhibited by NaF) of the cells. It is therefore concluded that the U-937 is a neoplastic, histiocytic cell line.
ICP Etching of Silicon for Micro and Nanoscale Devices (2010)

The physical structuring of silicon is one of the cornerstones of modern microelectronics and integrated circuits. Typical structuring of silicon requires generating a plasma to chemically or physically etch silicon. Although many tools have been created to do this, the most finely honed tool is the Inductively Couple Plasma Reactive Ion Etcher. This tool has the ability to finesse structures from silicon unachievable on other machines. Extracting structures such as high aspect ratio silicon nanowires requires more than just this tool, however. It requires etch masks which can adequately protect the silicon without interacting with the etching plasma and highly tuned etch chemistry able to protect the silicon structures during the etching process. In the work presented here, three highly tuned etches for silicon, and its oxide, will be described in detail. The etches presented utilize a type of etch chemistry which provides passivation while simultaneously etching, thus permitting silicon structures previously unattainable. To cover the range of applications, one etch is tuned for deep reactive ion etching of high aspect ratio micro-structures in silicon, while another is tuned for high aspect ratio nanoscale structures. The third etch described is tuned for creating structures in silicon dioxide. Following the description of these etches, two etch masks for silicon will be described. The first mask will detail a highly selective etch mask uniquely capable of protecting silicon for both etches described while being compatible with mainstream semiconductor fabrication facilities. This mask is aluminum oxide. The second mask detailed permits for a completely dry lithography on the micro and nanoscale, FIB implanted Ga etch masks. The third chapter will describe the fabrication and in situ electrical testing of silicon nanowires and nanopillars created using the methods previously described. A unique method for contacting these nanowires is also described which has enabled investigation into the world of nanoelectronics. The fourth and final chapter will detail the design and construction of high magnetic fields and integrated planar microcoils, work which was enabled by the etching detailed here. This research was directed towards creation of a portable NMR machine.
Significantly Higher Pathologic Complete Remission Rate After Neoadjuvant Therapy With Trastuzumab, Paclitaxel, and Epirubicin Chemotherapy: Results of a Randomized Trial in Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2–Positive Operable Breast Cancer (2005)

Despite the small sample size, these data indicate that adding trastuzumab to chemotherapy, as used in this trial, significantly increased pCR without clinical congestive heart failure.