gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Explaining Clustered Ventilation Defects Via a Minimal Number of Airway Closure Locations (2008)

Computational models of the human lung have been developed to study lung physiology and have been used to identify the airways responsible for mechanical dysfunction in asthmatics. Tgavalekos et al. used models anatomically consistent with the human lung to link ventilation defects to the heterogeneous closure of small airways. Their approach implicitly assumed a high degree of independence between airway closures as indicated by the low compactness of the airway structures mapped to individual ventilation defects. Venegas et al. however, have found that significant mutual dependence of airways may play a role in patchy ventilation of asthmatics. This led us to explore the question to what extent anatomically consistent models can be built which do not implicitly assume high independence of airways but instead allow for the mutual dependence of airways responsible for ventilation defects. We propose an algorithm for generating subject-specific airway-tree models that minimize the number of airways that must be closed or severely constricted to cause observed ventilation defects. We also propose novel approaches for measuring the compactness of airway structures. Our approach shows that anatomically consistent models which link compact airway structures to ventilation defects can be built. Our model also shows that some ventilation defects may be caused by closures of larger airways than previously reported.
Borneol inhibits TRPA1, a proinflammatory and noxious pain-sensing cation channel. (2015)

Borneol, a natural product isolated from several species of Artemisia, Blumea and Kaempferia, has a widespread use in traditional medicine. TRP ion channels are a class of nonselective cation channel proteins involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes in mammals. TRPA1, a member of TRP family of cation channels, is involved in plethora of processes including noxious-cold, noxious-pain sensations, inflammation and the detection of irritant chemicals. Borneol is chemically related to camphor (a known inhibitor of TRPA1 ion channels); therefore, it is beneficial to investigate the effects of borneol on TRPA1. In the present investigation it was found that borneol inhibits TRPA1 mediated cationic currents in low millimolar range (IC50 0.3mM) in heterologous expression systems like Xenopus oocytes and in neurons cultured from trigeminal ganglia. Effects of nicotine, a known chemical irritant and agonist of TRPA1 are also inhibited by borneol in both systems. It is concluded that borneol, being an inhibitor of TRPA1, could be a safer therapeutic-combination in clinical situations where TRPA1 channelopathies like neuropathic-pain, trigeminal neuralgia or nicotine withdrawal treatments are involved.
Adhesion of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> to human buccal epithelial cells: evidence for two classes of receptors (1985)

The adhesion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain 492c to trypsinized and untrypsinized buccal epithelial cells (BECs) was studied. Kinetic analysis of the adhesion data, employing a Langmuir absorption isotherm, indicated the presence of two classes of binding sites on untrypsinized BECs: a high affinity - low copy number site (apparent association constant (Ka) approximately equal to 1.57 X 10(-8) mL/cell with ca. 29 binding sites/cell) and a low affinity - high copy number class of binding sites (Ka approximately equal to 4.78 X 10(-10) mL/cell with ca. 264 binding sites/cell). The low affinity - high copy number class of sites was found to be trypsin sensitive. A single class of binding sites was found on trypsinized BECs exhibiting a high affinity - low copy number (Ka approximately equal to 3.70 X 10(-7) mL/cell with ca. 31 binding sites/cell). Positive cooperativity in binding of P. aeruginosa strain 492c to the low affinity - high copy number class site on untrypsinized BECs was demonstrated by analysis of Hill plots of the adhesion data. Sugar inhibition data using a preincubation methodology showed an inhibition of adhesion to trypsinized BECs in the presence of N-acetylneuraminic acid and D-arabinose, while these same two sugars enhanced adhesion to untrypsinized BECs. D-Galactose and N-acetylglucosamine enhanced adhesion to both types of BECs though the latter did to different extents. D-Fucose only inhibited adhesion to untrypsinized BECs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
New integrated-magnetic DC-DC power converter circuits &amp; systems (1987)

New two-bobbin design alternatives to the integration of transformer and inductive functions on single core structures are presented for conventional switchmode power converter circuits, including discussions of the practical design methods followed in the integration processes. Illustrations of application of these methods include buck and boost-derived circuits with integrated magnetics, and how they can be useful in evaluating and mitigating undesirable leakage inductance effects in three-bobbin designs.
Synthesis and conformational analysis of cis,cis-1,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and conformational analysis of cis,cis-1,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acidD. S. Kemp and Konstantinos S. PetrakisCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 25, 5140–5143Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00338a014https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00338a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1391Altmetric-Citations168LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthesis of New Melatoninergic Ligands Including Azaindole Moiety (1999)

A novel series of melatonin analogues, based on the azaindole nucleus is described.These compounds are prepared in several steps directly from the commercial available 7-azaindole or from substituted amino-, iodo-orland nitropyridines using a catalysed palladium reaction or vicarious nucleophilic substitution of hydrogen (VNS) in order to elaborate the 6-, 5-and 4-azaindole derivatives respectively.Melatonin (Figure 1) is a pineal hormone which regulates a variety of endocrinological, neurophysiological, and behavioural functions in vertebrates.It is now recognised to be the regulator of circadian rhythm in humans and of seasonal breeding in different animal species.' Figure I MelatoninMelatonin also appears to be involved in a number of physiological and pathological conditions, and there is strong evidence for its use in pathologies associated with circadian rhythm disorders.It was shown that administration of melatonin in humans could altercate jet lag,2 induce sleep: and advance the sleep phase of subjects with delayed sleep phase syndrome.4Numerous studies on elderly people or depressed patients have also reported a decrease in overnight melatonin biosynthesis, thus suggesting a
Optimization of the process of concentration of vitamin e from DDSO using supercritical CO2 (2005)

The objective of this work was the scientific development of concentration of vitamin E from deodorizer distillate of soybean oil (DDSO) using supercritical CO2. Vitamins and sterols rare produced synthetically, but recently the interest in their extraction from natural sources has increased. Therefore, the motivation behind this work was to concentrate the tocopherols from deodorizer distillate of soybean oil, thereby increasing the value of this by-product, rich in fatty acids, sterols, tocopherols and squalene. The experimental step and the simulation of the process were done in a semi-batch mode using supercritical carbon dioxide. The operational conditions studied were temperatures of 40, 60 and 80ºC and pressures from 90 to 350 bar. The best results for concentration factor and efficiency and pressures were achieved in a continuous process where the operational variables were optimized.
SCALEUP OF ALUMINUM PHOSPHATE CATALYST FOR PILOT PLANT LPDMEtm RUN (2002)

The Liquid Phase Dimethyl Ether (LPDME{trademark}) process converts synthesis gas to dimethyl ether in a single slurry bubble column reactor. A mixed slurry of methanol synthesis catalyst and methanol dehydration catalyst in a neutral mineral oil simultaneously synthesizes methanol from syngas and converts some of it to dimethyl ether and water. The reaction scheme is shown below: 2H{sub 2} + CO = CH{sub 3}OH; 2CH{sub 3}OH = CH{sub 3}OCH{sub 3} + H{sub 2}O; H{sub 2}O + CO = CO{sub 2} + H{sub 2}. Most of the water produced in this reaction is converted to hydrogen by reduction with carbon monoxide (water gas shift reaction). This synergy permits higher per pass conversion than methanol synthesis alone. The enhancement in conversion occurs because dehydration of the methanol circumvents the equilibrium constraint of the syngas-to-methanol step. The slurry bubble column reactor provides the necessary heat transfer capacity to handle the greater heat duty associated with high conversion. In order to improve the stability of the catalyst system, non-stoichiometric aluminum phosphate was proposed as the dehydration catalyst for the LPDME{trademark} process. This aluminum phosphate material is a proprietary catalyst. This catalyst system of a standard methanol catalyst and the aluminum phosphate provided stable process performance that met the program targets under our standard test process conditions in the laboratory. These targets are (1) an initial methanol equivalent productivity of 28 gmol/kg/hr, (2) a CO{sub 2}-free, carbon selectivity of 80% to dimethyl ether and (3) stability of both catalysts equivalent to that of the methanol catalyst in the absence of the aluminum phosphate. A pilot plant trial of the LPDME{trademark} process using the aluminum phosphate catalyst was originally planned for March 1998 at the DOE-owned, Air Products (APCI)-operated facility at LaPorte, Texas. Because the aluminum phosphate catalyst is not commercially available, we initiated a scaleup project with a commercial catalyst vendor. A total of 800 pounds of aluminum phosphate catalyst was ordered to provide two reactor charges and some additional material for testing. Although the scaleup was never completed, the effort yielded valuable information about the nature of the catalyst and the nature of the LPDME{trademark} process. This information is documented in this topical report.
Total Synthesis of Ecteinascidin 743 (2002)

The total synthesis of ecteinascidin 743 (1), an extremely potent antitumor agent, has been accomplished. The synthesis features Ugi's 4CC reaction, intramolecular Heck reaction, phenol-aldehyde cyclization, and acid-induced intramolecular sulfide formation.
High-Resolution Mapping of Human Chromosome 11 by in Situ Hybridization with Cosmid Clones (1990)

Cosmid clones containing human DNA inserts have been mapped on chromosome 11 by fluorescence in situ hybridization under conditions that suppress signal from repetitive DNA sequences. Thirteen known genes, one chromosome 11-specific DNA repeat, and 36 random clones were analyzed. High-resolution mapping was facilitated by using digital imaging microscopy and by analyzing extended (prometaphase) chromosomes. The map coordinates established by in situ hybridization showed a one to one correspondence with those determined by Southern (DNA) blot analysis of hybrid cell lines containing fragments of chromosome 11. Furthermore, by hybridizing three or more cosmids simultaneously, gene order on the chromosome could be established unequivocally. These results demonstrate the feasibility of rapidly producing high-resolution maps of human chromosomes by in situ hybridization.
Paradoxes of the EphB4 Receptor in Cancer (2007)

Recent findings have started to uncover the intriguing roles of the Eph family of receptor tyrosine kinases in normal epithelial cells and during oncogenic transformation. This review focuses on EphB4, an Eph receptor that has both tumor-suppressing and tumor-promoting activities in breast cancer. Understanding the multifaceted role of EphB4 in tumorigenesis may allow the development of new anticancer therapies.
Three-Dimensional Analysis and Classification of Arteries in the Skin and Subcutaneous Adipofascial Tissue by Computer Graphics Imaging (1998)

To develop new types of surgical flaps that utilize portions of the skin and subcutaneous tissue (e.g., a thin flap or an adipofascial flap), three-dimensional investigation of the vasculature in the skin and subcutaneous tissue has been anticipated. In the present study, total-body arterial injection and three-dimensional imaging of the arteries by computer graphics were performed. The full-thickness skin and subcutaneous adipofascial tissue samples, which were obtained from fresh human cadavers injected with radioopaque medium, were divided into three distinct layers. Angiograms of each layer were introduced into a personal computer to construct three-dimensional images. On a computer monitor, each artery was shown color-coded according to the three portions: the deep adipofascial layer, superficial adipofascial layer, and dermis. Three-dimensional computerized images of each artery in the skin and subcutaneous tissue revealed the components of each vascular plexus and permitted their classification into six types. The distribution of types in the body correlated with the tissue mobility of each area. Clinically, appreciation of the three-dimensional structure of the arteries allowed the development of several new kinds of flaps. (Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 102: 748, 1998.)
Nitrogen Atom Transfer Coupled with Dinitrogen Cleavage and Mo−Mo Triple Bond Formation (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTNitrogen Atom Transfer Coupled with Dinitrogen Cleavage and Mo−Mo Triple Bond FormationCatalina E. Laplaza, Adam R. Johnson, and Christopher C. CumminsView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 3, 709–710Publication Date (Web):January 24, 1996Publication History Received24 October 1995Published online24 January 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja953573yhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja953573yrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1732Altmetric-Citations85LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Aromatic compounds,Crystal cleavage,Hydrocarbons,Nitrogen,Oligomers Get e-Alerts
Good adhesion properties of probiotics: a potential risk for bacteremia? (2001)

The ability to adhere to human intestinal mucus was tested for lactic acid bacteria of clinical blood culture, human fecal and dairy origin. The blood culture isolates were found to adhere better than the dairy strains. Of the Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains (nine clinical, 10 fecal and three dairy), blood culture isolates adhered better than the fecal strains. Although these results indicate a trend for blood culture isolates to bind to intestinal mucus in higher numbers than strains of dairy and human fecal origin, other factors are also likely to be involved in the etiology of lactobacillemia since some of the clinical Lactobacillus isolates exhibited a relatively low level of adhesion.
Business object design and implementation III (1997)

Article Business object design and implementation III Share on Author: Jeff Sutherland View Profile Authors Info & Claims OOPSLA '97: Addendum to the 1997 ACM SIGPLAN conference on Object-oriented programming, systems, languages, and applications (Addendum)January 1997 Pages 58–62https://doi.org/10.1145/274567.274579Published:01 January 1997 1citation676DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations1Total Downloads676Last 12 Months7Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Copy-choice recombination by reverse transcriptases: Reshuffling of genetic markers mediated by RNA chaperones (2000)

Copy-choice recombination efficiently reshuffles genetic markers in retroviruses. In vivo, the folding of the genomic RNA is controlled by the nucleocapsid protein (NC). We show that binding of NC onto the acceptor RNA molecule is sufficient to enhance recombination, providing evidence for a mechanism where the structure of the acceptor template determines the template switch. NC as well as another RNA chaperone (StpA) converts recombination into a widespread process no longer restricted to rare hot spots, an effect maximized when both the NC and the reverse transcriptase come from HIV-1. These data suggest that RNA chaperones confer a higher genetic flexibility to retroviruses.
Stationary and nonstationary learning characteristics of the LMS adaptive filter (1976)

This paper describes the performance characteristics of the LMS adaptive filter, a digital filter composed of a tapped delay line and adjustable weights, whose impulse response is controlled by an adaptive algorithm. For stationary stochastic inputs, the mean-square error, the difference between the filter output and an externally supplied input called the "desired response," is a quadratic function of the weights, a paraboloid with a single fixed minimum point that can be sought by gradient techniques. The gradient estimation process is shown to introduce noise into the weight vector that is proportional to the speed of adaptation and number of weights. The effect of this noise is expressed in terms of a dimensionless quantity "misadjustment" that is a measure of the deviation from optimal Wiener performance. Analysis of a simple nonstationary case, in which the minimum point of the error surface is moving according to an assumed first-order Markov process, shows that an additional contribution to misadjustment arises from "lag" of the adaptive process in tracking the moving minimum point. This contribution, which is additive, is proportional to the number of weights but inversely proportional to the speed of adaptation. The sum of the misadjustments can be minimized by choosing the speed of adaptation to make equal the two contributions. It is further shown, in Appendix A, that for stationary inputs the LMS adaptive algorithm, based on the method of steepest descent, approaches the theoretical limit of efficiency in terms of misadjustment and speed of adaptation when the eigenvalues of the input correlation matrix are equal or close in value. When the eigenvalues are highly disparate (λ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</inf> /λ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">min</inf> > 10), an algorithm similar to LMS but based on Newton's method would approach this theoretical limit very closely.
Long-Term Persistence of a Polyclonal T Cell Repertoire After Gene Therapy for X-Linked Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (2011)

X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID-X1) is caused by mutations in the common cytokine receptor γ chain. These mutations classically lead to complete absence of functional T and natural killer cell lineages as well as to intrinsically compromised B cell function. Although human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is highly successful in SCID-X1 patients, HLA-mismatched procedures can be associated with prolonged immunodeficiency, graft-versus-host disease, and increased overall mortality. Here, 10 children were treated with autologous CD34(+) hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells transduced with a conventional gammaretroviral vector. The patients did not receive myelosuppressive conditioning and were monitored for immunological recovery after cell infusion. All patients were alive after a median follow-up of 80 months (range, 54 to 107 months), and a functional polyclonal T cell repertoire was restored in all patients. Humoral immunity only partially recovered but was sufficient in some patients to allow for withdrawal of immunoglobulin replacement; however, three patients developed antibiotic-responsive acute pulmonary infection after discontinuation of antibiotic prophylaxis and/or immunoglobulin replacement. One patient developed acute T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia because of up-regulated expression of the proto-oncogene LMO-2 from insertional mutagenesis, but maintained a polyclonal T cell repertoire through chemotherapy and entered remission. Therefore, gene therapy for SCID-X1 without myelosuppressive conditioning effectively restored T cell immunity and was associated with high survival rates for up to 9 years. Further studies using vectors designed to limit mutagenesis and strategies to enhance B cell reconstitution are warranted to define the role of this treatment modality alongside conventional HSCT for SCID-X1.