gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genetic variations in the PRKAA1 and ZBTB20 genes and gastric cancer susceptibility in a Korean population (2013)

A recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified new susceptibility single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs13361707 (PRKAA1 and PTGER4 gene on 5p13.1) and rs9841504 (ZBTB20 gene on 3q13.31) that were significantly associated with non-cardia gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to determine whether rs13361707 and rs9841504 polymorphisms are associated with the risk of gastric cancer in a Korean population. We conducted a large-scale case-control study of 3245 gastric cancer patients and 1700 controls. The allele frequencies for rs13361707 C and rs9841504 G were 53.5% and 18.3% among gastric cancer cases, compared with 47.1% and 17.2% among controls, respectively. We found that rs13361707 TC and CC genotypes were associated with increased risk for gastric cancer (odds ratios [OR] = 1.29; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.11-1.51 for TC vs. TT and 1.68; 1.41-2.01 for CC vs. TT). However, we found no significant association between rs9841504 and gastric cancer risk (OR = 1.11; 0.97-1.28 for CG vs. CC; OR = 1.09; 0.77-1.53 for GG vs. CC). We observed no significant interactions between rs13361707 and rs9841504 polymorphisms and age, gender, smoking habit, alcohol consumption, and clinicopathologic characteristics such as anatomical tumor location and histological type. Our study showed that the rs13361707 polymorphism was associated with increased risk of gastric cancer in a Korean population. This finding provides further evidence that genetic variant of PRKAA1 and PTGER4 genes may contribute to the gastric carcinogenesis. However, we found no association between rs9841504 and gastric cancer risk.
High-purity, monodisperse TiO2 powders by hydrolysis of titanium tetraethoxide. 1. Synthesis and physical properties (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHigh-purity, monodisperse TiO2 powders by hydrolysis of titanium tetraethoxide. 1. Synthesis and physical propertiesEric A. Barringer and H. Kent BowenCite this: Langmuir 1985, 1, 4, 414–420Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00064a005https://doi.org/10.1021/la00064a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2437Altmetric-Citations274LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Glycosylation Based on Phosphite Chemistry (1993)

1-Glycosyl dimethyl phosphite was found to be promising as a new glycosyl donor for glycosylation, and some catalysts such as zinc chloride, zinc chloride-silver perchlorate, bismuth chloride, and methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate were found to promote the reaction.
Deficient expression of MHC class II antigens in some cases of human B cell leukaemia. (1986)

Cells from the peripheral blood of patients with B cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL) and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) were examined for the expression of MHC class II antigens, using a number of monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) including L243 (anti-DR) and TU22 (anti-DQ). There was wide variation in expression of MHC class II antigens in CLL, both from patient to patient and among cells from the same individual. In a number of subjects a significant proportion of the cells had detectable levels of expression of DR antigens but not of DQ antigens. In some cases of ALL although almost all cells were MHC class II positive, DQ expression was undetectable. Differentiation of CLL cells, induced by culturing the cells with 12-0-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), was accompanied by increases in MHC class II expression at the cell surface of up to more than 20-fold, and resulted in detectable expression of DQ antigens on greater than 90% of the cells in all the subjects studied.
Integrative Analysis of the <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> Genome by the modENCODE Project (2010)

We systematically generated large-scale data sets to improve genome annotation for the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, a key model organism. These data sets include transcriptome profiling across a developmental time course, genome-wide identification of transcription factor-binding sites, and maps of chromatin organization. From this, we created more complete and accurate gene models, including alternative splice forms and candidate noncoding RNAs. We constructed hierarchical networks of transcription factor-binding and microRNA interactions and discovered chromosomal locations bound by an unusually large number of transcription factors. Different patterns of chromatin composition and histone modification were revealed between chromosome arms and centers, with similarly prominent differences between autosomes and the X chromosome. Integrating data types, we built statistical models relating chromatin, transcription factor binding, and gene expression. Overall, our analyses ascribed putative functions to most of the conserved genome.
Effects of Diet and Simvastatin on Fatty Acid Composition in Hypercholesterolemic Men (2005)

Increased formation of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and their metabolites may contribute a substantial part of the pleiotropic effects of simvastatin.
Riboflavin sensitized photooxidation of tyrosine. (1994)

The oxygen reactive species generated during the photooxidation of tyrosine sensitized by riboflavin were studied and the products formed were isolated. It was found that this process occurs preferently through a type I mechanism, which involves the direct interaction between the excited state of the sensitizer and tyrosine. The formation of O2.-, H2O2 and .OH was detected along the photooxidative process. By changing H2O by D2O it could be established that 1O2 has no significant role in the photooxidation of tyrosine sensitized by riboflavin. When a previously irradiated solution of tyrosine was applied to a Sephadex G-15 column, four fractions could be separated corresponding to products having hydrodynamic volumes larger than those of the reactants. By the use of 14C-tyrosine the aminoacidic origin of the products could be determined; one of them was identified as bityrosine, according to its fluorescence properties and 1H-NMR spectrum.
Studies on Fluorinated Pyrimidines. XIV. The Synthesis of Derivatives of 5-Fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine 5'-Phosphate and Related Compounds<sup>1</sup> (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies on Fluorinated Pyrimidines. XIV. The Synthesis of Derivatives of 5-Fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine 5'-Phosphate and Related Compounds1David C. Remy, A. V. Sunthankar, and Charles HeidelbergerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1962, 27, 7, 2491–2500Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01054a046https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01054a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views142Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Immunogenic Presentation of a Conserved gp41 Epitope of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 on Recombinant Surface Antigen of Hepatitis B Virus (1996)

In view of the high antigenic variability of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), a vaccine against AIDS must induce an immune response to epitopes as invariable as possible among the various virus strains and clones. Previously the highly conserved six amino acid sequence Glu-Leu-Asp-Lys-Trp-Ala (ELDKWA) from gp41, defining the epitope of the human MAb 2F5, was shown to elicit HIV-1-neutralizing antibodies when presented on haemagglutinin of influenza virus. We investigated the immunogenic potential of the MAb 2F5 epitope and two of its major escape epitopes as internal fusions to the hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg). Recombinant HBsAg-HIV proteins produced in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris self-assembled into 22 nm lipoprotein particles. Mice immunized with these particles developed an anti-HBsAg immune response in a range that is considered to be protective against HBV infection in humans. More importantly, antisera had extremely high titres of antibodies reactive with a structurally flexible form of the HIV-1 epitope, whereby strong cross-reactivity with the escape variants of the epitope was observed. Although HIV-1 gp 160 and the ectodomain of gp41 containing the epitope were significantly recognized, the antisera failed to neutralize HIV-1 in vitro. These data, together with those on the haemagglutinin-ELDKWAS fusion suggest that the ability of the MAb 2F5 epitope to induce neutralizing antibodies depends on the molecular context in which it is presented. Therefore, further characterization of secondary and tertiary structure requirements of the epitope is indispensable for the full exploitation of its potential as a vaccine component.
Ferrets and the Challenges of H5N1 Vaccine Formulation (2006)

discovery that influenza viruses can infect ferrets and that they can be readily cultivated in the allantois of embryonated chicken eggs. Remarkably, since that time, no better animal model of influenza infection in humans has been found, and the embryonated chicken egg has yet to be successfully replaced as a medium for cultivating vaccine virus. As demonstrated by Govorkova et al. in this issue of the Journal of Infectious Diseases [1], ferrets and embryonated eggs may still provide the basis for developing influenza vaccines that will be effective in the face of a con-
Safety and Efficacy of Polyethylene Glycol-Modified Interleukin-2 and Zidovudine in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection: A Phase I/II Study (1993)

The safety and efficacy of combined therapy with polyethylene glycolated (PEG) interleukin (IL)-2 and zidovudine was assessed in 19 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-seropositive subjects in a phase I/II open-label dose-ranging study. During courses of three weekly infusions of PEG IL-2, dose-limiting side effects were seen at 5 x 10(6) IU/m2 and reversible encephalopathy in 1 subject at 3 x 10(6) IU/m2. Significant increases were seen in CD4 cell counts (P < .01), NK cell activity (P < .05), and HIV-specific cytotoxicity (P < .01). Virologic monitoring (quantitative DNA polymerase chain reaction and p24 antigen assay) showed no evidence of increased HIV activation. Patients with CD4 cells < 200/mm3 were entered into a chronic dosing phase. PEG IL-2 was given at 14-day intervals at doses of 10(6) IU/m2 for 8 weeks and 3 x 10(6) IU/m2 for up to 16 weeks, resulting in mean CD4 cell count elevations of 16% and 33%, respectively. PEG IL-2 appears to warrant further investigation, especially in subjects with CD4 cell counts < 200/mm3, to determine whether increased lymphocyte numbers will translate into improved clinical outcome.
Hybrid Consensus: Efficient Consensus in the Permissionless Model (2017)

Consensus, or state machine replication is a foundational building block of distributed systems and modern cryptography. Consensus in the classical, "permissioned" setting has been extensively studied in the 30 years of distributed systems literature. Recent developments in Bitcoin and other decentralized cryptocurrencies popularized a new form of consensus in a "permissionless" setting, where anyone can join and leave dynamically, and there is no a-priori knowledge of the number of consensus nodes. So far, however, all known permissionless consensus protocols assume network synchrony, i.e., the protocol must know an upper bound of the network's delay, and transactions confirm slower than this a-priori upper bound. We initiate the study of the feasibilities and infeasibilities of achieving responsiveness in permissionless consensus. In a responsive protocol, the transaction confirmation time depends only on the actual network delay, but not on any a-priori known upper bound such as a synchronous round. Classical protocols in the partial synchronous and asynchronous models naturally achieve responsiveness, since the protocol does not even know any delay upper bound. Unfortunately, we show that in the permissionless setting, consensus is impossible in the asynchronous or partially synchronous models. On the positive side, we construct a protocol called Hybrid Consensus by combining classical-style and blockchain-style consensus. Hybrid Consensus shows that responsiveness is nonetheless possible to achieve in permissionless consensus (assuming proof-of-work) when 1) the protocol knows an upper bound on the network delay; 2) we allow a non-responsive warmup period after which transaction confirmation can become responsive; 3) honesty has some stickiness, i.e., it takes a short while for an adversary to corrupt a node or put it to sleep; and 4) less than 1/3 of the nodes are corrupt. We show that all these conditions are in fact necessary - if only one of them is violated, responsiveness would have been impossible. Our work makes a step forward in our understanding of the permissionless model and its differences and relations to classical consensus.
Photodegradation of Sodium Nitroprusside (1984)

Because the belief that cyanide is released from nitroprusside in vivo recently was challenged, the authors performed a series of experiments that examined the conditions under which nitroprusside is degraded. These experiments include an examination of the release of cyanide and nitric oxide from nitroprusside in vitro, the release of cyanide in vivo, and a comparison of the biologic activity of intact and degraded nitroprusside. Nitroprusside in aqueous solution degraded when exposed to white or blue light but not to red light. While light at 20 microW X cm-2 produced 40% apparent photodegradation after 6 h exposure, while white light at 220 microW X cm-2 produced 100% apparent photodegradation after 2 h exposure. At 10% apparent photodegradation, 10% of the nitrosyl ligand was recovered as free nitric oxide, and 0.4% of the cyanide ligand was recovered as free cyanide. Following a 2-h infusion of light-protected nitroprusside in seven patients, cyanide concentrations ranged from 1.4 to 45.5 microM and 0.09 to 3.2 microM in blood and plasma, respectively. These values were not changed by exposing the samples to white light (220 microW X cm-2) for 4 h. Intact and photodegraded nitroprusside produced identical hypotensive responses in rats as would be expected, since the nitrosyl ligand was detected in solution following degradation, and it mediates this action. Cyanide was released from nitroprusside, both on its exposure to light in vitro and also in vivo. The latter was not an artifact of the assay for cyanide. Nitroprusside releases cyanide in vivo, and cyanide toxicity is a true complication of its use.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Prisoners of War and Combat Veterans of the Dieppe Raid: A 50-Year Follow-Up (1995)

For many veterans, PTSD has lasted 50 years. Failure to be eligible for psychological disability pensions demonstrates that PTSD and other psychological disorders in these veterans have been greatly unrecognized by the Canadian Department of Veteran's Affairs.
High‐resolution diffusion‐weighted 3D MRI, using diffusion‐weighted driven‐equilibrium (DW‐DE) and multishot segmented 3D‐SSFP without navigator echoes (2003)

In this work we report on the development of a novel technique for high-resolution diffusion-weighted (DW) MRI based upon 3D steady-state free precession (3D-SSFP). First the 3D-SSFP acquisition was segmented (each segment consisting of a series of RF pulses and gradient-recalled echoes), and then DW-driven equilibrium (DE) was inserted between each segment. The in-plane imaging matrix was typically 256 x 192 or 256 x 160, which resulted in high-resolution DW images. The DW-DE segmented SSFP signal was contaminated by the non-DW magnetization, which recovered and contributed signal during the readout train (T(1) contamination). Center-out slice encoding was used to place the greatest diffusion weighting at the center of k-space. A numerical simulation and supporting experiments were performed to evaluate the relationship of the transverse magnetization to imaging parameters, such as the b-value, echo-train length (ETL), echo-train (group) repetition time (TR(g)), and RF excitation TR (Delta t). Both the numerical simulation and the experiments suggested that the effect of T(1) contamination would be reduced with a longer TR(g), smaller b-value, shorter ETL, and center-out slice phase encoding. Phase errors caused by microscopic motions during the diffusion gradients were converted into amplitude errors by the tip-up pulse at the end of the diffusion-weighting segment. As a result, small bulk motions, such as CSF pulsation, did not cause motion-related ghosting artifacts, which would be typical in images from other multishot DWI techniques. This technique can be used for high-resolution DWI of nonbrain anatomies.
Game Programming Gems (2000)

For the countless tasks involved in creating a game engine there are an equal number of possible solutions. But instead of spending hours and hours trying to develop your own answers, now you can find out how the pros do it! Game Programming Gems is a hands-on, comprehensive resource packed with a variety of game programming algorithms written by experts from the game industry and edited by Mark DeLoura, former software engineering lead for Nintendo of America, Inc. and now the newly appointed editor-in-chief of Game Developer magazine. From animation and artificial intelligence to Z-buffering, lighting calculations, weather effects, curved surfaces, mutliple layer Internet gaming, to music and sound effects, all of the major techniques needed to develop a competitive game engine are covered. Game Programming Gems is written in a style accessible to individuals with a range of expertise levels. All of the source code for each algorithm is included and can be used by advanced programmers immediately. For aspiring programmers, there is a detailed tutorial to work through before attempting the code, and suggestions for possible modifications and optimizations are included as well.
A theory of multiscale, curvature-based shape representation for planar curves (1992)

A shape representation technique suitable for tasks that call for recognition of a noisy curve of arbitrary shape at an arbitrary scale or orientation is presented. The method rests on the describing a curve at varying levels of detail using features that are invariant with respect to transformations that do not change the shape of the curve. Three different ways of computing the representation are described. They result in three different representations: the curvature scale space image, the renormalized curvature scale space image, and the resampled curvature scale space image. The process of describing a curve at increasing levels of abstraction is referred to as the evolution or arc length evolution of that curve. Several evolution and arc length evolution properties of planar curves are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Keep Passwords Away from Memory: Password Caching and Verification Using TPM (2008)

TPM is able to provide strong secure storage for sensitive data such as passwords. Although several commercial password managers have used TPM to cache passwords, they are not capable of protecting passwords during verification. This paper proposes a new TPM-based password caching and verification method called PwdCaVe. In addition to using TPM in password caching, PwdCaVe also uses TPM during password verification. In PwdCaVe, all password-related computations are performed in the TPM. PwdCaVe guarantees that once a password is cached in the TPM, it will be protected by the TPM through the rest of its lifetime, thus eliminating the possibility that passwords might be attacked in memory. A prototype of PwdCaVe is implemented on Linux to demonstrate its feasibility.
The kinetics of spontaneous DNA branch migration. (1994)

An important step in genetic recombination is DNA branch migration, the movement of the Holliday junction or exchange point between two homologous duplex DNAs. We have determined kinetic parameters of spontaneous branch migration as a function of temperature and ionic conditions. The branch migration substrates consist of two homologous duplex DNAs each having two single-strand tails at one end that are complementary to the corresponding single-strand tails of the other duplex. Upon rapid annealing of the two duplex DNAs, a four-stranded intermediate is formed that has a Holliday junction at one end of the duplexes. Branch migration to the opposite end of the duplexes results in complete strand exchange and formation of two duplex products. The rate of branch migration is exceedingly sensitive to the type of metal ions present. In magnesium, branch migration is quite slow with a step time, tau, equal to 300 msec at 37 degrees C. Surprisingly, branch migration in the absence of magnesium was 1000 times faster. Despite this difference in rates, apparent activation energies for the branch migration step in the presence and absence of magnesium are similar. Since metal ions have a profound effect on the structure of the Holliday junction, it appears that the structure of the branch point plays a key role in determining the rate of spontaneous DNA branch migration. We discuss the role of proteins in promoting the branch migration step during homologous recombination.
iGSM: VoIP service for mobile networks (2000)

This article proposes iGSM: a voice-over-IP value-added service for the mobile network. The iGSM service provides user mobility to subscribers, which allows them to use either GSM handsets or H.323 terminals (IP phones or PCs) to access telecommunications services. We describe how the iGSM registration, deregistration, and call delivery procedures can be implemented without modifying the GSM network. We study how the tromboning effect in the standard GSM system can be avoided when accessing the IP network. Then we investigate the misrouting problem caused by user mobility.