gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 200 MHz 256 kB second level cache with 1.6 GB/s data bandwidth (2002)

Improvements in processor performance have given rise to tightly-coupled, high-bandwidth second-level caches that are key to processor performance. This paper describes a 256 kB, 4-way set-associative companion cache SRAM to a microprocessor. High speed is achieved by keeping the processor and cache in the same 2-chip module and by communicating over a private 72 b data bus. Supply voltage is 3.3 V and maximum power is 3.8 W at 150 MHz, assuming back-to-back reads. The BiCMOS process features 4-level metal and 0.4 /spl mu/m Leff.
Synthesis of Hyperbranched Polymers with Pendent Norbornene Functionalities via RAFT Polymerization of a Novel Asymmetrical Divinyl Monomer (2009)

Hyperbranched polymers with numerous pendent norbornene functionalities have been synthesized via the radical polymerization of a novel asymmetrical divinyl monomer bearing a higher reactivity methacrylate group and a lower reactivity norbornene group. Mediated by a rapid reversible addition−fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) equilibrium, the concentration of polymeric chain radicals is decreased, and thus the gelation did not occur until higher monomer conversions (ca. 90%). An increase in reaction temperature can also significantly promote the formation of the hyperbranched structure owing to the decreased stability of the intermediate radicals derived from the norbornene group, which was confirmed by a model copolymerization system of two single vinyl monomers with similar structures to the vinyl groups in the asymmetrical divinyl monomer. Furthermore, Tri-SEC and conventional Sin-SEC as well as 1H NMR analyses show that hyperbranched structures and higher molecular weights were formed at moderate-to-high monomer conversion stage, whereas the early polymerization stage only afforded linear polymers with a relatively narrower molecular weight distribution.
Assessing Disaster Recovery Alternatives: On-Site, Colocation or Cloud (2012)

Every organization requires a business continuity plan (BCP) or disaster recovery plan (DRP) which falls within the cost constraints while achieving the target recovery requirement's in terms of recovery time objective (RTO) and recovery point objective (RPO). The organizations must identify the likely events that can cause disasters and evaluate their impact. They need to set the objectives clearly, evaluate feasible /DRPs to choose the one that would be optimal. Here we examine tradeoffs involved in choosing among the disaster recovery options. The optimal disaster recovery planning should take into consideration the key parameters including the initial cost, the cost of data transfers, and the cost of data storage. To evaluate the risk, the types of disaster (natural or human-caused) need to be identified along with the probability of a disaster occurrence and the costs of corresponding failures needs to be evaluated. An appropriate approach for the cost evaluation needs to be determined to allow a quantitative assessment of currently active disaster recovery plans (DRP) in terms of the time need to restore the service (associated with RTO) and possible loss of data (associated with RPO).
Apoptosis is a natural stimulus of IL6R shedding and contributes to the proinflammatory trans-signaling function of neutrophils (2007)

Interleukin 6 (IL6) trans-signaling has emerged as a prominent regulator of immune responses during both innate and acquired immunity. Regulation of IL6 trans-signaling is reliant upon the release of soluble IL6 receptor (sIL6R), which binds IL6 to create an agonistic IL6/sIL6R complex capable of activating cell types that would not normally respond to IL6 itself. Here we show that intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic stimulation by DNA damage, cytokine deprivation, and Fas stimulation promotes shedding of sIL6R. Apoptosis-induced shedding of the IL6R was caspase dependent but PKC independent, with inhibition of ADAM17 preventing IL6R shedding. Such insight is relevant to the control of acute inflammation, where transition from the initial neutrophil infiltration to a more sustained population of mononuclear cells is essential for the resolution of the inflammatory process. This transitional event is governed by IL6 trans-signaling. This study demonstrates that IL6R is shed from apoptotic human neutrophils. In vivo studies in a murine inflammation model showed that neutrophil depletion resulted in reduced local sIL6R levels and a concomitant decrease in mononuclear cells, suggesting that apoptosis-induced IL6R shedding from neutrophils promotes IL6 trans-signaling and regulates the attraction of monocytic cells involved in the clearance of apoptotic neutrophils.
Arabidopsis thaliana ALG3 mutant synthesizes immature oligosaccharides in the ER and accumulates unique N-glycans (2010)

The core oligosaccharide Glc(3)Man(9)GlcNAc(2) is assembled by a series of membrane-bound glycosyltransferases as the lipid carrier dolichylpyrophosphate-linked glycan in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The first step of this assembly pathway on the ER luminal side is mediated by ALG3 (asparagine-linked glycosylation 3), which is a highly conserved reaction among eukaryotic cells. Complementary genetics compared with Saccharomyces cerevisiae ALG gene families and bioinformatic approaches have enabled the identification of ALG3 from other species. In Arabidopsis thaliana, AtALG3 (At2g47760) was identified as alpha1,3-mannosyltransferase. Complementation analysis showed that AtALG3 rescued the temperature-sensitive phenotype, that lipid-linked oligosaccharide assemblies and that protein underglycosylation of S. cerevisiae ALG3-deficient mutant. In Arabidopsis ALG3 mutant, an immature lipid-linked oligosaccharide structure, M5(ER), was synthesized, and used for protein N-glycosylation, resulting in the blockade of subsequent maturation with the concanavalin A affinoactive and Endo H-insensitive structure. N-Glycan profiling of total proteins from alg3 mutants exhibited a unique structural profile, alg3 has rare N-glycan structures including Man(3)GlcNAc(2), M4(ER), M5(ER) and GlcM5(ER), which are not usually detected in Arabidopsis, and a much less amount of complex-type N-glycan than that in wild type. Interestingly, despite protein N-glycosylation differences compared with wild type, alg3 showed no obvious phenotype under normal and high temperature or salt/osmotic stress conditions. These results indicate that AtALG3 is a critical factor for mature N-glycosylation of proteins, but not essential for cell viability and growth in Arabidopsis.
Activation of Syndecan-1 Ectodomain Shedding by Staphylococcus aureus α-Toxin and β-Toxin (2003)

Exploitation of host components by microbes to promote their survival in the hostile host environment has been a recurring theme in recent years. Available data indicate that bacterial pathogens activate ectodomain shedding of host cell surface molecules to enhance their virulence. We reported previously that several major bacterial pathogens activate ectodomain shedding of syndecan-1, the major heparan sulfate proteoglycan of epithelial cells. Here we define the molecular basis of how Staphylococcus aureus activates syndecan-1 shedding. We screened mutant S. aureus strains devoid of various toxin and protease genes and found that only strains lacking both alpha-toxin and beta-toxin genes do not stimulate shedding. Mutations in the agr global regulatory locus, which positively regulates expression of alpha- and beta-toxins and other exoproteins, also abrogated the capacity to stimulate syndecan-1 shedding. Furthermore, purified S. aureus alpha- and beta-toxins, but not enterotoxin A and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1, rapidly potentiated shedding in a concentration-dependent manner. These results establish that S. aureus activates syndecan-1 ectodomain shedding via its two virulence factors, alpha- and beta-toxins. Toxin-activated shedding was also selectively inhibited by antagonists of the host cell shedding mechanism, indicating that alpha- and beta-toxins shed syndecan-1 ectodomains through stimulation of the host cell's shedding machinery. Interestingly, beta-toxin, but not alpha-toxin, also enhanced ectodomain shedding of syndecan-4 and heparin-binding epidermal growth factor. Because shedding of these ectodomains has been implicated in promoting bacterial pathogenesis, activation of ectodomain shedding by alpha-toxin and beta-toxin may be a previously unknown virulence mechanism of S. aureus.
评《使电影神秘化》——当今电影理论中的热点与谬误 (1993)

范式上的冲突可以是一件棘手的、有时甚至是令人头痛的事,但是检验学术界是否活跃的方法之一也可能恰恰在于对立理论模型间的针锋相对。由于对手(们)的存在,各方都被迫根据自己掌握的资料,以更加全面或更加严谨的结构,对自己的观点进行阐释、辩护和论证。这种争论的闪电和火光可以照亮电影理论某些最基
Vault ribonucleoprotein particles from rat and bullfrog contain a related small RNA that is transcribed by RNA polymerase III. (1993)

Vaults are large cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein particles with a sedimentation value of about 150 S. These particles contain a unique small RNA (vault RNA (vRNA)). We have determined the sequence of the RNA associated with vaults purified from both rat and bullfrog. The rat vRNA is 141 bases in length, whereas the bullfrog vRNA is present as two highly related species of 89 and 94 bases. Despite the differences in length the predicted secondary structures of the three vRNAs are clearly related. All of the vRNAs contain sequences related to the internal promoter elements necessary for transcription by RNA polymerase III. The gene for the rat vRNA was isolated and sequenced from a rat genomic library, and its transcription by RNA polymerase III was verified using an in vitro transcription assay. The rat vRNA gene was efficiently transcribed in vitro, producing a single transcript of about 140 bases. Unlike most RNA polymerase III genes, the rat vRNA is present as a single copy gene and has a distinct tissue-specific expression pattern.
Light-Activated Covalent Coating of Cotton with Bactericidal Hydrophobic Polycations (2010)

A methodology is developed and validated whereby a cotton fabric is impregnated with a photosensitive hydrophobic N-alkyl-polyethylenimine, followed by its covalent immobilization triggered by ultraviolet light. The resultant fabric efficiently kills on contact waterborne pathogenic bacteria E. coli and S. aureus.
Optimum Selection of H<sub>2</sub>S Scavenger in Light-Weight and Heavy-Weight Water-Based Drilling Fluids (2021)

During hydrocarbon drilling operations, the presence of hydrogen sulfide (H<sub>2</sub>S) gas could cause serious health and safety issues. Scavenging this gas and eliminating its impact are essential requirements for a safe drilling operation. This study investigated the impact of three H<sub>2</sub>S scavenger additives (copper nitrate, iron gluconate, and potassium permanganate) on water-based drilling fluids (WBDFs). The additives were tested on two actual field drilling mud samples that differ mainly in their weight. The scavengers' impact on drilling muds was investigated by measuring their scavenging capacity and their effect on rheology, fluid loss, and pH. Potassium permanganate outperformed the other scavengers when added to the lighter (lower density) WBDF. However, it did not impact the scavenging capacity of the heavier mud system. Copper nitrate outperformed the other scavengers in the heavier drilling mud system. Also, the addition of copper nitrate in the lighter mud system increased its H<sub>2</sub>S-scavenging capacity greatly, while for iron gluconate, it did not perform very well. Overall, all the scavenger-containing drilling muds did not have any significant harmful impact on the plastic viscosity or the fluid loss properties of the drilling muds. Furthermore, all the tested drilling mud samples showed an excellent ability to clean wellbores and suspend drill cuttings evident by the high carrying capacity with the exception of iron gluconate or potassium permanganate with the heavy mud system.
Contribution of Receptor Editing to the Antibody Repertoire (2001)

Receptor editing, clonal deletion, and anergy are the mechanisms by which B cells maintain tolerance to self antigens. To determine the extent to which receptor editing shapes the normal antibody repertoire, we generated an immunoglobulin kappa polymorphism that facilitates the detection of editing of immunoglobulin light chains in vivo. We found that B cells are targeted for editing during a 2-hour delay in development at the pre-BII cell stage, and that about 25% of all antibody molecules are produced by gene replacement. These results suggest that receptor editing represents a major force in shaping the antibody repertoire.
Synthesis of Rofecoxib, (MK 0966, Vioxx® 4-(4′-Methylsulfonylphenyl)-3-Phenyl-2(5H)-Furanone), a Selective and Orally Active Inhibitor of Cyclooxygenase-2 (2001)

The synthesis of Vioxx® (Rofecoxib, MK 966, 4-(4’methylsulfonylphenyl)-3-phenyl-2(5H)-furanone), a newly FDA approved inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2, is described.
Analysis, Testing, and Design of Lined Ducts (1972)

Lined ducts containing flow and intense sound have been extensively studied in recent years. Parametric studies have revealed so many variables that design procedures are obscured. Analysis by solution of the convected wave equation has been complicated by uncertainties about the actual modal distribution and by uncertainties about the actual boundary impedance. As a result, when discrepancies occur between experimental and analytical results it is difficult to interpret whether the wave-equation solution, the modal assumption, the impedance value, or the test procedure is deficient. The simultaneous refinement of all four factors has resulted in a very satisfactory correlation between theory and duct test results and provides a basis for lucid duct design procedures and the evolution of new liner materials. A duct test facility has been built which appears to provide equipartition of energy. The impedance of nonlinear materials has been redefined and measurement methods modified. Contours of equal duct attenuation in the impedance plane have been generated and prove to be simple in shape. From these, a design methodology is deduced which may be applied to any liner material and which eliminates many redundant parameters. The new methodology has led directly to the creation of new liner materials.
The Potential of CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides as Mucosal Adjuvants (2001)

The development of mucosal vaccines for humans has been hindered by the lack of safe yet effective mucosal adjuvants. Bacterial toxins are commonly used as adjuvants in animal models, but they are too toxic for use in humans. A novel class of adjuvant is CpG DNA, which contains unmethylated CpG dinucleotides in particular base contexts (CpG motifs). CpG DNA is most often coadministered with antigen in the form of synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODN), which are made with a nuclease-resistant phosphorothioate backbone. The vast majority of studies using CpG DNA as adjuvant have been with parenteral delivery; recently, however, mucosal immunization with CpG DNA as adjuvant has also been shown to induce both systemic (humoral and cellular) and mucosal antigen-specific immune responses. This review will highlight the recent uses of CpG DNA as an adjuvant at mucosal surfaces.
<i>In vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> relaxation of urinary bladder smooth muscle by the selective myosin II inhibitor, blebbistatin (2010)

OBJECTIVE To investigate the in vitro and in vivo effects of blebbistatin (a small cell-permeable molecule with high affinity and selectivity toward the myosin II contractile molecule) on bladder smooth muscle (SM) contractility, as antimuscarinic therapy is only 65-75% effective in treating overactive bladder (OAB) and is associated with considerable side-effects, with a < 25% continuation rate at 1 year. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bladder and aortic strips from adult male rats, and human bladder strips obtained from open prostatectomy, were used for organ-bath studies of blebbistatin. Awake cystometry was also used in rats in both the presence and absence of intravesically delivered blebbistatin. RESULTS Blebbistatin dose-dependently and completely relaxed both KCl- and carbachol-induced rat detrusor and endothelin-1-induced human bladder contraction. Pre-incubation with 10 µm blebbistatin attenuated carbachol responsiveness by ≈ 65% while blocking electrical field stimulation-induced bladder contraction reaching 50% inhibition at 32 Hz. The basal tone and amplitude of spontaneous contraction were also significantly diminished. Urodynamic variables were obviously altered by intravesical infusion with blebbistatin. CONCLUSION Our novel data show that blebbistatin strongly relaxes both rat and human bladder contraction induced by various physiological stimuli. Coupled with our in vivo data showing that nanomole doses of blebbistatin significantly alter urodynamic variables to produce a less active bladder, our results suggest the possibility of intravesically administered blebbistatin binding at myosin II being developed as a therapeutic treatment for OAB via a novel targeting of the SM contractile apparatus.
Assays of Endogenous Caspase Activities:  A Comparison of Mass Spectrometry and Fluorescence Formats (2006)

This paper describes a label-free assay for measuring endogenous caspase protease activities in cell lysates. The assay format, termed SAMDI-MS (self-assembled monolayers for matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry), is based on the enzymatic modification of peptides immobilized to monolayer substrates, followed by direct detection of the products with mass spectrometry. Monolayers presenting peptide substrates for either caspase-3 or -8 were treated with lysates from Jurkat cells that were stimulated with staurosporine and SKW6.4 cells that were stimulated with LzCD95L. In both cases, the SAMDI assays reported on the activation of endogenous caspase enzymes with levels of detection that are similar to those observed using the commonly employed fluorogenic assays. The use of longer peptide substrates, which are not compatible with the fluorogenic assays, provided for a better resolution of the two caspase activities. This work is significant because it demonstrates that the SAMDI assay can be used to measure endogenous enzyme activities and because it avoids the loss of activity and specificity that often accompany label-dependent assay formats.
REPLICA2Pro (2006)

One vision of dynamic hardware reconfiguration is to deliver virtually unlimited hardware resources to a set of hardware tasks implementing arbitrary functions. By using partial reconfiguration, these tasks can be allocated and de-allocated on the reconfigurable architecture while others continue to operate. However, the exact placement of each task can only be determined during runtime according to the current resource allocation. This requires relocating each task from its original position after place and route to an area of available resources. The process of relocating tasks can result in a major time overhead. In order to solve this problem we have developed the REPLICA2Pro (Relocation per online Configuration Alteration in Virtex-2/-Pro) filter, which is capable of performing task relocations by manipulating the task's bitstream during the regular allocation process without any extra time overhead. The filter architecture, our reconfigurable system approach as well as our design flow and an experimental system setup are presented in this paper.
Quaternary structure is critical for protein display on capsid‐like particles (CLPs): Efficient generation of hepatitis B virus CLPs presenting monomeric but not dimeric and tetrameric fluorescent proteins (2004)

Self-organizing assemblies such as viral capsids may be used as symmetrical molecular platforms for the display of heterologous sequences, with applications ranging from vaccines to structural studies. The 183-amino-acid hepatitis B virus (HBV) core protein assembles spontaneously into icosahedral capsid-like particles (CLPs). The most exposed, and most immunogenic, substructure on the CLPs is a small loop that connects two long antiparallel alpha-helices which act as dimerization interface. Ninety (90) or 120 dimers multimerize into the capsid; the four-helix bundles formed by the dimers protrude as spikes from the surface. We recently demonstrated that the entire enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) can be inserted into this loop, yielding CLPs that natively displayed eGFP on their surface. The central location of the insertion site requires that any insert be fixed to the carrier via both termini, with corresponding restrictions regarding insert size and structure. eGFP obviously satisfied these criteria but, surprisingly, all attempts to produce CLPs with the isostructural red fluorescent proteins DsRed1, DsRed2, and HcRed failed. Suspecting their oligomerization tendency to be responsible, we generated fusions containing instead monomeric yellow, cyan, and red fluorescent proteins (mYFP, mCFP and mRFP1). This strongly increased the yields of YFP and CFP-CLPs, and it allowed for the first time to efficiently generate red fluorescent CLPs. Hence insert quaternary structure is a highly critical factor for CLP assembly. These data have important implications for the rational design of self-assembling fusion proteins.
Human Enhancer of Filamentation 1, a Novel p130<i><sup>cas</sup></i>-Like Docking Protein, Associates with Focal Adhesion Kinase and Induces Pseudohyphal Growth in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (1996)

Budding in Saccharomyces cerevisiae follows a genetically programmed pattern of cell division which can be regulated by external signals. On the basis of the known functional conservation between a number of mammalian oncogenes and antioncogenes with genes in the yeast budding pathway, we used enhancement of pseudohyphal budding in S. cerevisiae by human proteins expressed from a HeLa cDNA library as a morphological screen to identify candidate genes that coordinate cellular signaling and morphology. In this report, we describe the isolation and characterization of human enhancer of filamentation 1 (HEF1), an SH3-domain-containing protein that is similar in structure to pl30cas, a recently identified docking protein that is a substrate for phosphorylation by a number of oncogenic tyrosine kinases. In contrast to p130cas, the expression of HEF1 appears to be tissue specific. Further, whereas p130cas is localized predominantly at focal adhesions, immunofluorescence indicates that HEF1 localizes to both the cell periphery and the cell nucleus and is differently localized in fibroblasts and epithelial cells, suggesting a more complex role in cell signalling. Through immunoprecipitation and two-hybrid analysis, we demonstrate a direct physical interaction between HEF1 and p130cas, as well as an interaction of the SH3 domain of HEF1 with two discrete proline-rich regions of focal adhesion kinase. Finally, we demonstrate that as with p130cas, transformation with the oncogene v-abl results in an increase in tyrosine phosphorylation on HEF1, mediated by a direct association between HEF1 and v-Abl. We anticipate that HEF1 may prove to be an important linking element between extracellular signalling and regulation of the cytoskeleton.
In-vivo validation of spatially correct three-dimensional reconstruction of human coronary arteries by integrating intravascular ultrasound and biplane angiography (2006)

Spatially correct three-dimensional reconstruction of human coronary arteries constitutes an imaging method with considerably high in-vivo feasibility and accuracy.
'GONE NATIVE" IN POLYNESIA. CAPTIVITY NARRATIVES AND EXPERIENCES FROM THE SOUTH PACIFIC (Review) (1999)

&lt;p&gt;'GONE NATIVE" IN POLYNESIA. CAPTIVITY NARRATIVES AND EXPERIENCES FROM THE SOUTH PACIFIC &lt;/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;by I. C. Campbell&lt;/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;1998 Contributions to the Study of World History 63. Greenwood Press, 88 Post Road West, Box 5007, Westport, CT 06881. Hardcover, 208 pages, $55. ISBN 0-313-30787-3. This book can be ordered from the publisher by calling (800) 225-5800.&lt;/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Review by Georgia Lee&lt;/p&gt;