gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Sensor for Measurement of Urea and Creatinine in Serum Based on ac Impedance Measurement of Enzyme-Catalyzed Polymer Transformation (1999)

Enzyme-catalyzed polymer transformation with electrochemical ac impedance detection has been employed for the measurement of urea and creatinine in serum samples. A polymer, based on poly(methylvinyl ether)/maleic anhydride modified by esterification with n-octanol, which is stable at pH 7.4 and which is transformed rapidly in response to alkaline pH changes, was linked to enzymatic reactions between urease and urea or creatinine deiminase and creatinine to produce a disposable sensor system. The polymer was screen-printed onto interdigitated screen-printed carbon electrodes and the electrodes overlaid with absorbent pads containing the relevant enzyme. Application of serum samples, "spiked" with either urea or creatinine, resulted in rapid polymer transformation, and resultant changes in the capacitance of the polymer-coated electrodes were analyte-concentration dependent. Additional information on the mechanisms of polymer transformation was obtained from dynamic quartz crystal microbalance measurements.
A novel cytostatic process enhances the productivity of Chinese hamster ovary cells (1997)

We have established a novel production process which allows up to fourfold higher production of a model secreted protein, the human secreted alkaline phosphatase (SEAP), in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. A cytostatic production phase is established in which cell proliferation is inhibited or completely abolished. Such a cytostatic production phase is established by overexpression of the tumor suppressor genes p21, p27, or p53175P (a p53 mutant showing specific loss of apoptotic function) under transcriptional control of a tetracycline-repressible promoter (P(hCMV*-1)). In order to minimize complications due to possible clonal variation of selected, stable cell lines, our investigations are based on transiently transfected subpopulations, that have become a useful tool in industrial R&D. These subpopulations have been selected by flow cytometry for the expression of genes encoded on a dicistronic expression vector. These vectors contain a dicistronic expression unit consisting of the genes encoding the green fluorescent protein (GFP) or SEAP, followed by one of the cytostatic genes p21, p27 or p53175P encoded by the second cistron. p21, p27 as well as p53175P block the cell cycle of CHO cells in the G1-phase for a prolonged period. However, these G1-arrested cells remain viable and proliferation proficient upon repression of expression of the cytostatic gene. All three of the cytostatic genes studied provided similar regulation of proliferation, and also similar enhancements in SEAP production, suggesting that higher productivity may be a general and intrinsic feature of G1-phase arrested CHO cells. Overall productivity is most likely enhanced because growth-arrested cells do not need to devote cellular resources to biomass production.
Cell Biology of Cytotoxic and Helper T Cell Functions: Immunofluorescence Microscopic Studies of Single Cells and Cell Couples (1989)

This review deals with certain important features of the cell biology of natural killer (NK) cells, cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), and helper T (Th) cells. These features appeared originally in studies of the cell biology of cells other than immunological cells, and their relevance to immune cell interactions was then appreciated and explored. This brief review is therefore meant to be selective rather than exhaustive, and it focuses primarily on problems that have been intensively studied in our laboratory over the past decade. At the outset, it should be emphasized that we concentrate on investigations of single (generally cloned) T cells and cell couples, rather than of cell populations. Recent reviews have appeared that deal with other aspects of the cell biology of T cells and their interactions (1-7). The entree to this work stemmed from our investigations of eukaryotic cell motility; these have been separately reviewed (8). These studies are considered briefly first, since they not only introduce the ideas that have played a prominent part in our immunological work, but they also demon-
The Dual Pathway Inhibitor Rigosertib Is Effective in Direct Patient Tumor Xenografts of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas (2013)

The dual pathway inhibitor rigosertib inhibits phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway activation as well as polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) activity across a broad spectrum of cancer cell lines. The importance of PIK3CA alterations in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC) has raised interest in exploring agents targeting PI3K, the product of PIK3CA. The genetic and molecular basis of rigosertib treatment response was investigated in a panel of 16 HNSCC cell lines, and direct patient tumor xenografts from eight patients with HNSCC [four HPV-serotype16 (HPV16)-positive]. HNSCC cell lines and xenografts were characterized by pathway enrichment gene expression analysis, exon sequencing, gene copy number, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Rigosertib had potent antiproliferative effects on 11 of 16 HPV(-) HNSCC cell lines. Treatment sensitivity was confirmed in two cell lines using an orthotopic in vivo xenograft model. Growth reduction after rigosertib treatment was observed in three of eight HNSCC direct patient tumor lines. The responsive tumor lines carried a combination of a PI3KCA-activating event (amplification or mutation) and a p53-inactivating event (either HPV16- or mutation-mediated TP53 inactivation). In this study, we evaluated the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of rigosertib in both HPV(+) and HPV(-) HNSCCs, focusing on inhibition of the PI3K pathway. Although consistent inhibition of the PI3K pathway was not evident in HNSCC, we identified a combination of PI3K/TP53 events necessary, but not sufficient, for rigosertib sensitivity.
Malicious Code Detection Architecture Inspired by Human Immune System (2008)

Malicious code is a threat to computer systems globally. In this paper, we outline the evolution of malicious code attacks. The threat is evolving, leaving challenges for attackers to improve attack techniques and for researchers and security specialists to improve detection accuracy. We present a novel architecture for an effective defense against malicious code attack, inspired by the human immune system. We introduce two phases of program execution: Adolescent and Mature Phase. The first phase uses a malware profile matching mechanism, whereas the second phase uses a program profile matching mechanism. Both mechanisms are analogous to the innate immune system.
Bispecific Antibodies (2014)

Bispecific antibodies are artificially generated antibodies, engineered to present two different binding sites per molecule. Thus, simultaneous targeting of different epitopes on the same or different antigens can be achieved, which opens up innumerable possibilities for therapeutic applications. Over the past 20 years, the implementation of this concept has been intensively pursuit. Continuous progress in recombinant antibody technology has led to the development of a broad spectrum of bispecific antibody molecules, many of them with clinical potential. Here, we describe the methods that were developed for the generation of bispecific antibodies so far, followed by a detailed overview of current recombinant formats, including small formats derived from the variable domains of immunoglobulins only, formats generated by fusing a second antigen-binding site to an IgG or IgG fragment and formats containing asymmetric heterodimerization domains. In addition, strategies for therapeutic applications of bispecific antibodies are presented, focusing on retargeting of effector cells or effector molecules as well as dual targeting and somatic gene therapy. Here, promising results in clinical trials have been reported mainly for retargeting effector cells and in preclinical studies for upcoming dual targeting strategies, prompting great expectations for clinical translation in the future.
Intestinal dysbiosis in preterm infants preceding necrotizing enterocolitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2017)

Microbial dysbiosis preceding NEC in preterm infants is characterized by increased relative abundances of Proteobacteria and decreased relative abundances of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Microbiome optimization may provide a novel strategy for preventing NEC.
Efficient Mean-Shift Tracking via a New Similarity Measure (2005)

The mean shift algorithm has achieved considerable success in object tracking due to its simplicity and robustness. It finds local minima of a similarity measure between the color histograms or kernel density estimates of the model and target image. The most typically used similarity measures are the Bhattacharyya coefficient or the Kullback-Leibler divergence. In practice, these approaches face three difficulties. First, the spatial information of the target is lost when the color histogram is employed, which precludes the application of more elaborate motion models. Second, the classical similarity measures are not very discriminative. Third, the sample-based classical similarity measures require a calculation that is quadratic in the number of samples, making real-time performance difficult. To deal with these difficulties we propose a new, simple-to-compute and more discriminative similarity measure in spatial-feature spaces. The new similarity measure allows the mean shift algorithm to track more general motion models in an integrated way. To reduce the complexity of the computation to linear order we employ the recently proposed improved fast Gauss transform. This leads to a very efficient and robust nonparametric spatial-feature tracking algorithm. The algorithm is tested on several image sequences and shown to achieve robust and reliable frame-rate tracking.
Synthesis of Titanium Chabazite: A New Shape Selective Oxidation Catalyst with Small Pore Openings and Application in the Production of Methyl Formate from Methanol (2011)

Take CHAnce on zeolites: A new titanium silicate oxidation catalyst (Ti-CHA) and a bifunctional titanium aluminum silicate catalyst (Ti-Al-CHA) with the chabazite (CHA) topology have been synthesized. The materials have a 3-dimensional channel system with small pore openings that enable shape selective oxidation catalysis. The new Ti-Al-CHA material facilitates a high conversion of methanol to methyl formate with a selectivity of 85 % at 60 °C, using H2O2 as the oxidation agent. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Recent progress on soliton systems (1996)

We review recent advances in soliton systems and highlight their unique potential to meet global network requirements in terms of capacity, routing-functionality and cost-effectiveness. Recent experimental results are presented well as detailed numerical simulations of a 160 Gbit/s system based on a novel technique of synchronous WDM regeneration. Alternatives for in-line pulse control techniques combined with dispersion management are shown to enhance the system performance up to levels that are inaccessible to non-soliton systems.
The possible involvement of mitochondrial dysfunctions in Lewy body dementia: a systematic review (2015)

The hallmark of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is the “Lewy body”, an abnormal aggregation of alpha-synuclein found in some areas of the brain. The brain is the organ/system that is most vulnerable to this oxidative damage, and reactive oxygen species can cause neurodegenerative diseases. Different models of mitochondrial deregulation have been compared in DLB. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that alpha-synuclein affects the mitochondria themselves, increasing their sensitivity or leading to cell death through protective (neurosin) and accelerating (cytochrome c) factors. This systematic review suggests that mitochondria play an important role in neurodegeneration and a crucial role in the formation of Lewy bodies. DLB is a disease characterized by abnormal accumulation of alpha-synuclein that could result in the release of cytochrome c and subsequent activation of the apoptotic cascade.
Design of new collection systems for multi LED light engines (2006)

LED based projectors have numerous advantages compared to traditional projectors: they are more compact, exhibit a larger color gamut and a longer lifetime, the supply voltage is lower, the absence of ultra violet, infrared radiation and mercury vapour, etc. Furthermore LED's can switch on and off very rapidly (possibility to pulse them) and they have a high dimming ratio that can be used to improve the contrast. However, there is also an important disadvantage: the optical power per unit of etendue (luminance) of an LED is significantly lower than that of e.g. an UHP-lamp. Because of this and the etendue limitation of the projector (small light valve, f-number projection lens), the projected flux on the screen will not be high. Despite this shortcoming, LED's are still very interesting for low power applications because of their superior properties. However we have to collect the available light flux optimally and combine multiple LED's with high luminance within the available system etendue. In this paper we have studied collection optics that collect the LED flux with high optical efficiency and collimation and reshape the spot in a uniform illuminated rectangle with the sizes of the micro display. We have designed 'Gradually Tapered Light Pipes', 'Elliptical Reflectors' and 'Parabolic Reflectors'. Furthermore we have combined many of these LED/collector combinations to get a high luminance illumination engine for LED based projectors.
Combining spontaneous molecular assembly with microfabrication to pattern surfaces: selective binding of isonitriles to platinum microwires and characterization by electrochemistry and surface spectroscopy (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCombining spontaneous molecular assembly with microfabrication to pattern surfaces: selective binding of isonitriles to platinum microwires and characterization by electrochemistry and surface spectroscopyJames J. Hickman, Chaofeng Zou, David Ofer, Pierre D. Harvey, Mark S. Wrighton, Paul E. Laibinis, Colin D. Bain, and George M. WhitesidesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 18, 7271–7272Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00200a063https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00200a063research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views265Altmetric-Citations65LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Signalling by the RET receptor tyrosine kinase and its role in the development of the mammalian enteric nervous system (1999)

RET is a member of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) superfamily, which can transduce signalling by glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and neurturin (NTN) in cultured cells. In order to determine whether in addition to being sufficient, RET is also necessary for signalling by these growth factors, we studied the response to GDNF and NTN of primary neuronal cultures (peripheral sensory and central dopaminergic neurons) derived from wild-type and RET-deficient mice. Our experiments show that absence of a functional RET receptor abrogates the biological responses of neuronal cells to both GDNF and NTN. Despite the established role of the RET signal transduction pathway in the development of the mammalian enteric nervous system (ENS), very little is known regarding its cellular mechanism(s) of action. Here, we have studied the effects of GDNF and NTN on cultures of neural crest (NC)-derived cells isolated from the gut of rat embryos. Our findings suggest that GDNF and NTN promote the survival of enteric neurons as well as the survival, proliferation and differentiation of multipotential ENS progenitors present in the gut of E12.5-13.5 rat embryos. However, the effects of these growth factors are stage-specific, since similar ENS cultures established from later stage embryos (E14. 5-15.5), show markedly diminished response to GDNF and NTN. To examine whether the in vitro effects of RET activation reflect the in vivo function(s) of this receptor, the extent of programmed cell death was examined in the gut of wild-type and RET-deficient mouse embryos by TUNEL histochemistry. Our experiments show that a subpopulation of enteric NC undergoes apoptotic cell death specifically in the foregut of embryos lacking the RET receptor. We suggest that normal function of the RET RTK is required in vivo during early stages of ENS histogenesis for the survival of undifferentiated enteric NC and their derivatives.
Bp-Bs, a Novel T-cell Engaging Bispecific Antibody with Biparatopic Her2 Binding, Has Potent Anti-tumor Activities (2019)

Patients with Human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (Her2) overexpression are associated with aggressive tumor growth and poor clinical outcomes. Bispecific antibodies targeting Her2 have recently exhibited potent effects on Her2 signal inhibition. In this study, a novel biparatopic anti-Her2 bispecific antibody (Bp-Bs) was constructed by linking a single anti-CD3 Fab with two different anti-Her2 single-domain antibodies targeting non-overlapping epitopes of Her2. The Bp-Bs demonstrated strong binding on Her2-positive cells and potent cytotoxicity on Her2-positive tumor cells, even Her2-low expression cells, suggesting that biparatopic bispecific antibodies may have improved therapeutic benefits on broad Her2 patient populations.
Spa Contributes to the Virulence of Type 18 Group A Streptococci (2001)

Streptococcal protective antigen (Spa) is a newly described surface protein of group A streptococci that was recently shown to evoke protective antibodies (J. B. Dale, E. Y. Chiang, S. Liu, H. S. Courtney, and D. L. Hasty, J. Clin. Investig. 103:1261--1268, 1999). In this study, we have determined the complete sequence of the spa gene from type 18 streptococci. Purified, recombinant Spa protein evoked antibodies that were bactericidal against type 18 streptococci, confirming the presence of protective epitopes. Sera from patients with acute rheumatic fever contained antibodies against recombinant Spa, indicating that the Spa protein is expressed in vivo and is immunogenic in humans. To determine the role of Spa in the virulence of group A streptococci, we created a series of insertional mutants that were (i) Spa negative and M18 positive, (ii) Spa positive and M18 negative, and (iii) Spa negative and M18 negative. The mutants and the parent M18 strain (18-282) were used in assays to determine resistance to phagocytosis, growth in human blood, and mouse virulence. The results show that Spa is a virulence determinant of group A streptococci and that expression of both Spa and M18 is required for optimal virulence of type 18 streptococci.
Automated disposable small scale reactor for high throughput bioprocess development: A proof of concept study (2013)

The acceleration of bioprocess development for biologics and vaccines can be enabled by automated high throughput technologies. This will alleviate the significant resource burden from the multi-factorial statistical experimentation required for controlling product quality attributes of complex biologics. Recent technology advances have improved clone evaluation and screening, but have struggled to combine the scale down criteria required for both high cell density cell culture and microbial processes, with sufficient automation and disposable technologies to accelerate process development. This article describes the proof of concept evaluations of an automated disposable small scale reactor for high throughput upstream process development. Characterization studies established the small scale stirred tank disposable 250 mL reactor as similar to those of lab and pilot scale. The reactor generated equivalent process performance for industrial biologics processes for therapeutic protein and monoclonal antibody production using CHO cell culture, Pichia pastoris and E. coli. This included similar growth, cell viability, product titer, and product quality. The technology was shown to be robust across multiple runs and met the requirements for the ability to run high cell density processes (>400 g/L wet cell weight) with exponential feeds and sophisticated event triggered processes. Combining this reactor into an automated array of reactors will ultimately be part of a high throughput process development strategy. This will combine upstream, small scale purification with rapid analytics that will dramatically shorten timelines and costs of developing biological processes.
KIF5B-ALK, a Novel Fusion Oncokinase Identified by an Immunohistochemistry-based Diagnostic System for ALK-positive Lung Cancer (2009)

The iAEP method should prove suitable for immunohistochemical screening of tumors positive for ALK or ALK fusion proteins among pathologic archives. Coupling of PCR-based detection to the iAEP method should further facilitate the rapid identification of novel ALK fusion genes such as KIF5B-ALK.
Internal Mass Transfer Limitation During Enzymatic Esterification in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide and Hexane (1995)

A kinetic study of ethyl myristate formation by esterification of myristic acid with ethanol catalysed by a lipase from Mucor miehei immobilized on Duolite A 568, has been carried out.The reaction was done in a two liquid phase system in which the non-aqueous solvent was supercritical carbon dioxide (P= 12.5 MPa, T = 323 K) or n-hexane (P = 0.1 MPa, T = 323K). In heteregenous catalysis, it is important to study the internal mass transfer limitation. For this, the support was sieved into different size series (from 300 to 600 mm) and the reaction was carried out for each size series. The samples were analyzed by gas chromatography and the esterification was shown to follow Ping Pong Bi Bi kinetics with competitive substrate inhibition. The Thiele modulus values show that there is, in the hexane case, a diffusional control while in SCCO2 media, we obtained an intermediate rate between reactional and diffusional rates.