gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous distributed strain and temperature measurement (1999)

Brillouin-scattering-based sensors are capable of measuring either the strain or the temperature along the length of an optical fiber in a distributed fashion through measurement of the Brillouin-frequency shift. The cross sensitivity of the frequency shift to these two parameters makes it impossible to differentiate between them by measurement of the frequency shift alone. We report on a new technique that permits the simultaneous measurement of strain and temperature to resolutions of +/-178 microepsilon and +/-3.9 degrees C at a spatial resolution of 3.5 m by incorporation of the Brillouin-loss peak power with the conventional Brillouin-frequency measurement.
Plasmids for the cloning and expresion of full-length double-stranded cDNAs under control of the SV40 early or late gene promoter (1983)

Okayama and Berg (1) have recently described a technique for the high efficiency cloning of full-length dscDNAs. We have constructed eukaryotic expression vectors compatible both with this technique (and with classical techniques) for dscDNA cloning. The vectors are such that recombinants obtained contain dscDNAs in the correct orientation downstream from a block of sequence comprising either the SV40 early or late gene promoter linked to a pair of splice sites from a rabbit beta-globin gene. A sequence encoding an SV40 polyadenylation site follows the dscDNA. We have used our vectors to make a library from chicken oviduct polyA(+) RNA using the Okayama and Berg technique. Ovalbumin recombinants occur in the library at the expected frequency and a high proportion contain full length copies of the ovalbumin mRNA. However, a similar result was not obtained for conalbumin recombinants. When recombinants are introduced into eukaryotic cells by either calcium phosphate coprecipitation or protoplast fusion, expression of chicken ovalbumin or conalbumin may be detected by indirect immunofluorescence. Under optimal conditions (use of SV40 late promoter and cos 7 cells) ovalbumin protein could be detected when the ovalbumin recombinant was present in only 2% of the protoplasts used for fusion. This suggests that colony banks obtained using our vectors could be screened in batches of 50 by protoplast fusion followed by a search for expression of a given protein using indirect immunofluorescence.
Internalized stigma of mental illness: Changes and associations with treatment outcomes. (2016)

Internalized stigma of mental illness is associated with poor mental health and represents a prominent barrier to accessing treatment. Few studies have investigated the effects of cognitive–behavioral treatment approaches on internalized stigma, particularly without a targeted stigma intervention. T
Information technologies. Physician-hospital networks. (1992)

Patient care efficiencies and quality of care improvements require progressive efforts to integrate the patient information systems and allow for on-demand accessibility to authorized information users. The dilemma facing the designers and managers of these systems is that each step toward improving accessibility seems to introduce another potential information leakage point. We are reminded once again that information is a very difficult resource to control because it is possible to steal it without removing it physically from its storage place. The essence of information security in physician links is captured by establishing mechanisms for identifying system users, limiting user authority, assuring the privacy of transmitted data, and monitoring system use and users.
A 144-Mb, eight-level NAND flash memory with optimized pulsewidth programming (2000)

We report a fast-programming, compact sense and latch (SL) circuit to realize an eight-level NAND flash memory. Fast programming is achieved by supplying optimized voltage and pulsewidth to the bit lines, according to the programming data. As a result, all data programming is completed almost simultaneously, and 0.67-MB/s program throughput, which is 1.7 times faster than conventional program throughput, is achieved. The compact layout of the SL circuit is made possible by four 3-bit latches sharing one unit of the read/verify control circuit. Using these techniques, we fabricated a 144-Mb, eight-level NAND flash memory using a 0.35-/spl mu/m CMOS process, resulting in a 104.2-mm/sup 2/ die size and a 1.05-/spl mu/m/sup 2/ effective cell size.
Synthesis and in Vivo Evaluation of Fluorine-18 and Iodine-123 Labeled 2β-Carbo(2-fluoroethoxy)-3β-(4‘-((<i>Z</i>)-2-iodoethenyl)phenyl)nortropane as a Candidate Serotonin Transporter Imaging Agent (2007)

2Beta-carbo(2-fluoroethoxy)-3beta-(4'-((Z)-2-iodoethenyl)phenyl)nortropane (betaFEpZIENT, 1) was synthesized as a serotonin transporter (SERT) imaging agent for both positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT). The binding affinity of 1 to human monoamine transporters showed a high affinity for the SERT (Ki = 0.08 nM) with respect to the dopamine transporter (DAT) (Ki = 13 nM) and the norepinephrine transporter (NET) (Ki = 28 nM). In vivo biodistribution and blocking studies performed in male rats demonstrated that [123I]1 was selective and specific for SERT. In vivo microPET brain imaging studies in an anesthetized monkey with [18F]1 showed high uptake in the diencephalon and brainstem with peak uptake achieved at 120 min. A chase study with (R,S)-citalopram.HBr displaced [18F]1 radioactivity from all SERT-rich brain regions. A chase study with the DAT ligand 2beta-carbophenoxy-3beta-(4-chlorophenyl)tropane (9, RTI-113) failed to displace [18F]1, indicating that [18F]1 is specific to the SERT. The in vivo evaluation of [18F]1 indicates that this radiotracer is a good candidate for mapping and quantifying CNS SERT.
Non pharmacological interventions for spasticity in multiple sclerosis (2013)

There is 'low level' evidence for non pharmacological interventions such as physical activities given in conjunction with other interventions, and for magnetic stimulation and electromagnetic therapies for beneficial effects on spasticity outcomes in people with MS. A wide range of non pharmacological interventions are used for the treatment of spasticity in MS, but more robust trials are needed to build evidence about these interventions.
Analogous view transfer for gaze correction in video sequences (2004)

This paper provides a framework for doing facial gaze correction in video sequences. The proposed framework involves stages of face registration, face parameter mapping, and face synthesis. We introduce the concept of analogous views, and derive a novel formulation which extends view transfers based on epipolar geometry to cope with non-rigid motion. Additionally, a disparity mapping function is derived which is learned from training data and handles both spatial disparities as well as pixel-value changes. The disparity mapping function generalizes to facial expressions, illumination conditions and individuals not in the training set, as shown by the results obtained.
Vol 9 No 1 (2019) (2019)

Recent developments in sustainable urban drainage have turned the area, formerly controlled by engineers, into a professional field encompassing engineers, landscape architects, and urban planners. Through interviews, fieldwork, and document analysis of three Danish cases of urban rainwater management, the article shows how these three different professions, in drawing upon the specific Danish concept of LAR (Local Diversion of Rainwater), compete with each other but also coordinate their work tasks. The article proposes the concept of hinge object, inspired by Star and Griesemer's boundary object and Abbott's work on hinges, to capture how LAR serves as a coordinating object among professions, but also among professions, the state, and universities.
Iterative least square phase-measuring method that tolerates extended finite bandwidth illumination (2009)

Iterative least square phase-measuring techniques address the phase-shifting interferometry issue of sensitivity to vibrations and scanner nonlinearity. In these techniques the wavefront phase and phase steps are determined simultaneously from a single set of phase-shifted fringe frames where the phase shift does not need to have a nominal value or be a priori precisely known. This method is commonly used in laser interferometers in which the contrast of fringes is constant between frames and across the field. We present step-by-step modifications to the basic iterative least square method. These modifications allow for vibration insensitive measurements in an interferometric system in which fringe contrast varies across a single frame, as well as from frame to frame, due to the limited bandwidth light source and the nonzero numerical aperture of the objective. We demonstrate the efficiency of the new algorithm with experimental data, and we analyze theoretically the degree of contrast variation that this new algorithm can tolerate.
Isolation and characterization of the CRIPTO autosomal gene and its X-linked related sequence. (1991)

We have previously reported on the identification of a cDNA clone encoding a novel human growth factor, named "CRIPTO," that is abundantly expressed in undifferentiated human NTERA-2 clone D1 (NT2/D1) and mouse (F9) teratocarcinoma cells. We now report the organization and nucleotide sequence of two related genomic sequences. One (CR-1) corresponds to the structural gene encoding the human CRIPTO protein expressed in the undifferentiated human teratocarcinoma cells, and the other (CR-3) corresponds to a complete copy of the mRNA containing seven base substitutions in the coding region representing both silent and replacement substitutions. The 440 bp 5' to the CAP site of CR-1 are preserved in CR-3. CR-1 maps to chromosome 3, and CR-3 maps to Xq21-q22. Southern blot analysis reveals that multiple CRIPTO-related DNA sequences are present in the human as well as in the mouse genome.
Bioerodable PLGA-Based Microparticles for Producing Sustained-Release Drug Formulations and Strategies for Improving Drug Loading (2016)

Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is the most widely used biomaterial for microencapsulation and prolonged delivery of therapeutic drugs, proteins and antigens. PLGA has excellent biodegradability and biocompatibility and is generally recognized as safe by international regulatory agencies including the United States Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency. The physicochemical properties of PLGA may be varied systematically by changing the ratio of lactic acid to glycolic acid. This in turn alters the release rate of microencapsulated therapeutic molecules from PLGA microparticle formulations. The obstacles hindering more widespread use of PLGA for producing sustained-release formulations for clinical use include low drug loading, particularly of hydrophilic small molecules, high initial burst release and/or poor formulation stability. In this review, we address strategies aimed at overcoming these challenges. These include use of low-temperature double-emulsion methods to increase drug-loading by producing PLGA particles with a small volume for the inner water phase and a suitable pH of the external phase. Newer strategies for producing PLGA particles with high drug loading and the desired sustained-release profiles include fabrication of multi-layered microparticles, nanoparticles-in-microparticles, use of hydrogel templates, as well as coaxial electrospray, microfluidics, and supercritical carbon dioxide methods. Another recent strategy with promise for producing particles with well-controlled and reproducible sustained-release profiles involves complexation of PLGA with additives such as polyethylene glycol, poly(ortho esters), chitosan, alginate, caffeic acid, hyaluronic acid, and silicon dioxide.
Active Control of Noise Through Windows (2013)

Windows are a weakness in building facade sound transmission loss (STL). This coupled with the detrimental effects of excessive noise exposure on human health including: annoyance, sleep deprivation, hearing impairment and heart disease, is the motivation for this investigation of the STL improvements active noise control (ANC) of windows can provide. Window speaker development, ANC window experiments and analytical modelling of ANC windows were investigated. Five different window speaker constructions were characterised then compared with a previously developed window speaker. ANC window testing used three different ANC configurations and was performed in two different environments, one with a reverberant receiving room, and the other with an anechoic receiving room. Optimisation of ANC systems with particular control source locations was the aim of the modelling. This enabled comparison with the ANC window tests and would aid in further development of ANC windows. Window speaker constructions were characterised by sound pressure level (SPL) measurements performed in an anechoic room. These measurements were made in a way that enabled comparison with the previously developed window speaker. Total sound energy reduction calculations were used to determine the relative performance of the tested ANC windows. An STL model, based on a modal panel vibration model, was initially created and verified against published STL data before it was expanded to include ANC control sources. The model was used to simulate the performed anechoic environment tests and an ideal ANC case.
Clinical and Microbiologic Outcomes in Patients Receiving Treatment for Mycobacterium abscessus Pulmonary Disease (2011)

Patients with M. abscessus pulmonary disease who are treated with multidrug antibiotic therapy and surgery or antibiotic therapy alone had similar clinical outcomes. However, surgical resection, in addition to antibiotics, may offer a prolonged microbiologic response.
ToF‐SIMS ability to quantify surface chemical groups: correlation with XPS analysis and spectrochemical titration (2001)

Abstract High‐density polyethylene (HDPE) and polypropylene (PP) films were analysed by time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS) in a quantitative way in order to study chemical modifications produced by CO 2 plasma surface treatments. Although there are many works devoted to the study of surface modification by plasma treatments, this contribution aims at proving the SIMS ability to quantify superficial functions. For that purpose, results obtained by spectrochemical titration (fluorescence labelling with thionine acetate), XPS measurement and ToF‐SIMS analyses were compared. The results obtained with these three different techniques showed the same behaviour, i.e. a fast carboxylic functionalization of the polymer surface with the plasma treatment time. The good correlation between the spectrochemical titration and ToF‐SIMS results brings out clearly the capacity of the ToF‐SIMS technique to quantify surface chemical species. But this requires that we should be able to identify the secondary ions originating from the studied functions. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
On the effects of reflected waves in transient shear wave elastography (2011)

In recent years, novel quantitative techniques have been developed to provide noninvasive and quantitative stiffness images based on shear wave propagation. Using radiation force and ultrafast ultrasound imaging, the supersonic shear imaging technique allows one to remotely generate and follow a transient plane shear wave propagating in vivo in real time. The tissue shear modulus, i.e., its stiffness, can then be estimated from the shear wave local velocity. However, because the local shear wave velocity is estimated using a time-of- flight approach, reflected shear waves can cause artifacts in the estimated shear velocity because the incident and reflected waves propagate in opposite directions. Such effects have been reported in the literature as a potential drawback of elastography techniques based on shear wave speed, particularly in the case of high stiffness contrasts, such as in atherosclerotic plaque or stiff lesions. In this letter, we present our implementation of a simple directional filter, previously used for magnetic resonance elastography, which separates the forward- and backward-propagating waves to solve this problem. Such a directional filter could be applied to many elastography techniques based on the local estimation of shear wave speed propagation, such as acoustic radiation force imaging (ARFI), shearwave dispersion ultrasound vibrometry (SDUV), needle-based elastography, harmonic motion imaging, or crawling waves when the local propagation direction is known and high-resolution spatial and temporal data are acquired.
Multiple vesiculoviral matrix proteins inhibit both nuclear export and import (2001)

The matrix (M) protein of vesicular stomatitis virus inhibits both nuclear import and export. Here, we demonstrate that this inhibitory property is conserved between the M proteins from two other vesiculoviruses, chandipura virus and spring viremia carp virus. All three M proteins completely block nuclear transport of spliced mRNA, small nuclear RNAs, and small nuclear ribonucleoproteins and slow the nuclear transport of many other cargoes. In all cases where transport was merely slowed by the M proteins, the chandipura virus M protein had the strongest inhibitory activity. When expressed in transfected HeLa cells, active M proteins displayed prominent association with the nuclear rim. Moreover, mutation of a conserved methionine abolished both the inhibitory activity and efficient targeting of the M proteins to the nuclear rim. We propose that all of the vesiculoviral M proteins associate with the same nuclear target, which is likely to be a component of the nuclear pore complex.
An Optical Fiber Chemical Sensor for Mercury Ions Based on a Porphyrin Dimer (2002)

The synthesis of a novel fluoroionophore, 5-p-[[4-(10',15',20'-triphenyl-5'-porphinato) phenyloxyl]-1-butyloxyl]phenyl-10,15,20-triphenylporphine (DTPP), and its application for preparation of a Hg(II)-sensitive optical fiber chemical sensor are described. The response of the sensor is based on the fluorescence quenching of DTPP by coordination with Hg(II). The porphyrin dimer-based sensor shows a linear response toward Hg(II) in the concentration range 5.2 x 10(-7)-3.1 x 10(-4) mol x L(-1), with a working pH range from 2.4 to 8.0. The sensor shows excellent selectivity for Hg(II) over transition metal cations including Cd(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), Pb(II), Zn(II), and Fe(III). As a sensing agent, the porphyrin dimer shows obviously better fluorescence response characteristics toward Hg(II) compared to porphyrin monomer or metalloporphyrin. The effect of the composition of the sensor membrane was studied, and the experimental conditions were optimized. The sensor has been used for determination of Hg(II) in water samples.
Genetically modified mice for the study of apolipoprotein B (1998)

Over the past five years, several laboratories have used a variety of transgenic and gene-targeted mice to study apoB. These studies have helped in 1) generating new mouse models suitable for investigating the genetic and environmental factors affecting atherogenesis; 2) providing systems for investigating apoB structure/function relationships; 3) understanding the regulation of apoB gene expression in the intestine; 4) delineating a critical role for apoB expression in mouse embryonic development; 5) yielding insights into the "physiologic rationale" for the existence of the two different forms of apoB, apoB-48 and apoB-100, in mammalian metabolism; and 6) providing basic insights into mechanisms involved in the human apoB deficiency syndrome, familial hypobetalipoproteinemia.
Toward an Oligonucleotide Therapy for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: A Complex Development Challenge (2010)

Antisense oligonucleotide (AO)-mediated exon skipping is a promising new therapy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), recently demonstrating proof of principle for restoring the absent dystrophin protein in DMD patients. However, the range of AO chemistries available for exon skipping is limited; effective systemic dystrophin protein restoration has yet to be demonstrated and will be required for disease modification in patients; and the current approach is mutation-specific, necessitating the development of multiple AO drugs to treat all DMD patients. This is therefore a highly complex drug development challenge.
Organocatalytic Stereoselective Ring-Opening Polymerization of Lactide with Dimeric Phosphazene Bases (2007)

Highly isotactic polylactide with a high melting temperature was synthesized from rac-lactide through an organocatalytic route using dimeric phosphazene base 1-tert-butyl-2,2,4,4,4-pentakis(dimethylamino)-2Λ5,4Λ5-catenadi(phosphazene) (P2-t-Bu) catalyst at low temperature. Microstructural analysis of the prepared polymer using homodecoupled 1H NMR spectroscopy revealed the formation of a stereoblock architecture containing long isotactic sequence of R and S blocks in the main chain. A proposed mechanism involving chain-end control and stereoerror explains the stereoselective polymerization.
PolyScan: An automatic indel and SNP detection approach to the analysis of human resequencing data (2007)

Small insertions and deletions (indels) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are common genetic variants that are thought to be associated with a wide variety of human diseases. Owing to the genome's size and complexity, manually characterizing each one of these variations in an individual is not practical. While significant progress has been made in automated single-base mutation discovery from the sequences of diploid PCR products, automated and reliable detection of indels continues to pose difficult challenges. In this paper, we present PolyScan, an algorithm and software implementation designed to provide de novo heterozygous indel detection and improved SNP identification in the context of high-throughput medical resequencing. Tests on a human diploid PCR-based sequence data set, consisting of 90,270 traces from 13 genes, indicate that PolyScan identified approximately 90% of the 151 consensus indel sites and approximately 84% of the 1546 heterozygous indels previously identified by manual inspection. Tests on tumor-derived data show that PolyScan better identifies high-quality, low-level mutations as compared with other mutation detection software. Moreover, SNP identification improves when reprocessing the results of other programs. These results suggest that PolyScan may play a useful role in the post human genome project research era.