gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Formation Scenarios of Hot Subdwarf Stars and their Implications for the Far-UV Excess of Elliptical Galaxies (2012)

In this talk, we review the latest various formation scenarios of hot subdwarf stars, and propose two new formation channels, an envelope ejection channel for metal-rich stellar population and a tidally enhanced stellar wind channel for a small fraction of binary systems. We then discuss the implications of the formation scenarios for far-UV excess of elliptical galaxies, and predict that the far-UV excess does not depend much on metallicity if the metallicity is lower than solar, but increases with mellallicity if the metallicity is over solar.
Facile method to sort graphene quantum dots by size through ammonium sulfate addition (2014)

Schematic of graphene quantum dots salting-out procedure through ammonium sulfate.
Analysis and experiment of HBAR frequency spectra and applications to characterize the piezoelectric thin film and to HBAR design (2003)

In this paper, we present the resonance frequency spectra features of a composite resonator consisting of a piezoelectric film and a substrate plate. Based on those features, a direct method to characterize the piezoelectric film with two electrodes is presented. By directly using the parallel and series resonant frequency spectra of the HBAR, the electromechanical coupling factor, the density and the elastic constant of the piezoelectric film can be obtained directly. Some problems related to the accuracy of the method, especially the effect of the electrodes, are discussed.
bFGF and LIF signaling activates STAT3 in proliferating myoblasts (1996)

Different mitogens elicit similar effects on growth and differentiation of skeletal muscle, suggesting that potential overlap exists in the signaling cascades activated by such factors. To investigate this possibility, we examined the status of STAT and ERK proteins in C2C12 myoblasts and myotubes following stimulation with bFGF or LIF. Both STAT1 and STAT3 as well as ERK1 and ERK2 proteins were detectable in extracts of myoblasts. LIF stimulation of myoblasts lead to rapid phosphorylation on tyrosine of STAT3 and of ERKs 1 and 2. Similarly, bFGF stimulation of myoblasts resulted in the tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT3. However, unlike LIF, the bFGF induced tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT3 appeared cyclical, with recurrent peaks of phosphorylation even after prolonged exposure. By contrast, STAT1 remained unphosphorylated in myoblasts treated with bFGF or LIF. In differentiated myotubes, LIF treatment resulted in the tyrosine phosphorylation of both STAT3 and STAT1, but ERK phosphorylation was not detectable, and bFGF treatment did not lead to STAT1 or STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation. Therefore these observations suggest that disparate mitogens car activate similar downstream effectors in proliferating myoblasts.
Is vitamin D deficiency a risk factor for prostate cancer? (Hypothesis). (1990)

Prostate cancer is a major cause of cancer death among males, yet little is known about its etiology. We hypothesize that Vitamin (Hormone) D deficiency may underlie the major risks for prostate cancer, including age, Black race, and northern latitudes. These factors all are associated with decreased synthesis of Vitamin D. Mortality rates from prostate cancer in the U.S. are inversely correlated with ultraviolet radiation, the principal source of Vitamin D. This hypothesis is consistent with known antitumor properties of Vitamin D, and may suggest new avenues for research in prostate cancer.
Induction of Broadly Cross-Reactive Cytotoxic T Cells Recognizing an HIV-1 Envelope Determinant (1992)

An immunodominant determinant for cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) exists in the hypervariable portion of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) gp160. Three mouse CTL lines (specific for isolates MN, RF, and IIIB) were examined for recognition of homologous determinants from distinct isolates. Only MN-elicited CTLs showed extensive interisolate cross-reactivity. Residue 325 played a critical role in specificity, with MN-elicited CTLs responding to peptides with an aromatic or cyclic residue and IIIB-induced cells recognizing peptides with an aliphatic residue at this position. CTL populations with broad specificities were generated by restimulation of IIIB-gp160 primed cells with MN-type peptides that have an aliphatic substitution at 325. This represents an approach to synthetic vaccines that can generate broadly cross-reactive CTLs capable of effector function against a wide range of HIV isolates.
Using Epidemiological Modelling to Assist FMD Preparedness in Australia (2004)

Epidemiological modelling is a powerful tool to assist in preparedness for animal health emergencies. In Australia, the Australian Government Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry (DAFF) has developed a stochastic spatial simulation model that operates within a GIS framework. It simulates the spread of disease through space and time and has been designed to assist planning and training for FMD and other exotic diseases by enabling a range of outbreak scenarios to be studied and different control strategies to be evaluated under various conditions.
Streptococcal tetracycline resistance mediated at the level of protein synthesis (1986)

The mechanism of tetracycline resistance was examined in strains containing each of the three previously identified resistance determinants in Streptococcus spp. Uptake of tetracycline was measured in tetracycline-sensitive cells as well as in cells containing each of the three resistance determinants. In cells containing tetL, uptake was not observed. However, in sensitive cells and cells containing either tetM or tetN, tetracycline was accumulated approximately 25-fold against a concentration gradient. Furthermore, there was no evidence for modification of intracellular tetracycline recovered from sensitive, tetM, or tetN cells. Protein synthesis in extracts derived from organisms containing tetM or tetN was resistant to tetracycline. In contrast, extracts of sensitive and tetL cells were sensitive to tetracycline.
Hierarchical Dirichlet Processes (2006)

We consider problems involving groups of data where each observation within a group is a draw from a mixture model and where it is desirable to share mixture components between groups. We assume that the number of mixture components is unknown a priori and is to be inferred from the data. In this setting it is natural to consider sets of Dirichlet processes, one for each group, where the well-known clustering property of the Dirichlet process provides a nonparametric prior for the number of mixture components within each group. Given our desire to tie the mixture models in the various groups, we consider a hierarchical model, specifically one in which the base measure for the child Dirichlet processes is itself distributed according to a Dirichlet process. Such a base measure being discrete, the child Dirichlet processes necessarily share atoms. Thus, as desired, the mixture models in the different groups necessarily share mixture components. We discuss representations of hierarchical Dirichlet processes in terms of a stick-breaking process, and a generalization of the Chinese restaurant process that we refer to as the “Chinese restaurant franchise.” We present Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms for posterior inference in hierarchical Dirichlet process mixtures and describe applications to problems in information retrieval and text modeling.
Memory Bounded Deep Convolutional Networks (2014)

In this work, we investigate the use of sparsity-inducing regularizers during training of Convolution Neural Networks (CNNs). These regularizers encourage that fewer connections in the convolution and fully connected layers take non-zero values and in effect result in sparse connectivity between hidden units in the deep network. This in turn reduces the memory and runtime cost involved in deploying the learned CNNs. We show that training with such regularization can still be performed using stochastic gradient descent implying that it can be used easily in existing codebases. Experimental evaluation of our approach on MNIST, CIFAR, and ImageNet datasets shows that our regularizers can result in dramatic reductions in memory requirements. For instance, when applied on AlexNet, our method can reduce the memory consumption by a factor of four with minimal loss in accuracy.
Low‐energy laser irradiation accelerates the velocity of tooth movement via stimulation of the alveolar bone remodeling (2009)

These findings suggest that LELI accelerates the velocity of tooth movement via stimulation of the alveolar bone remodeling.
Synthetic studies on some new diaryl sulphides and diaryl sulphones with fused heterocyclic rings (2002)

The reaction of 2-amino-6-[(p-nitrophenyl)thio]benzothiazole (1) with a variety of reagents namely chloroacetyl chloride, chloropropionyl chloride, p-toluenesulphonyl chloride, phenyl isothiocyanate, phenacyl bromides hasbeen carried out and their products were identified. Some of these products underwent ring closure reaction to afford fused tricyclic compounds. Compound 1 undergoes ring opening upon boiling with NaOH solution to give 2-amino-3-mercapto-4'-nitro diphenyl sulphide (2). Reaction of (2) with aromatic aldehydes, phenyl isothiocyanate, formic acid, carbon disulphide afforded the corresponding benzothiazole derivatives, while its reaction with chloroacetyl chloride or chloropropionyl chloride gave benzothiazine and benzothiazepine. All products were oxidized into the corresponding sulphones upon treatment with H 2 O/AcOH mixture.
Rfx6 is an Ngn3-dependent winged helix transcription factor required for pancreatic islet cell development (2009)

The transcription factor neurogenin 3 (Neurog3 or Ngn3) controls islet cell fate specification in multipotent pancreatic progenitor cells in the mouse embryo. However, our knowledge of the genetic programs implemented by Ngn3, which control generic and islet subtype-specific properties, is still fragmentary. Gene expression profiling in isolated Ngn3-positive progenitor cells resulted in the identification of the uncharacterized winged helix transcription factor Rfx6. Rfx6 is initially expressed broadly in the gut endoderm, notably in Pdx1-positive cells in the developing pancreatic buds, and then becomes progressively restricted to the endocrine lineage, suggesting a dual function in both endoderm development and islet cell differentiation. Rfx6 is found in postmitotic islet progenitor cells in the embryo and is maintained in all developing and adult islet cell types. Rfx6 is dependent on Ngn3 and acts upstream of or in parallel with NeuroD, Pax4 and Arx transcription factors during islet cell differentiation. In zebrafish, the Rfx6 ortholog is similarly found in progenitors and hormone expressing cells of the islet lineage. Loss-of-function studies in zebrafish revealed that rfx6 is required for the differentiation of glucagon-, ghrelin- and somatostatin-expressing cells, which, in the absence of rfx6, are blocked at the progenitor stage. By contrast, beta cells, whose number is only slightly reduced, were no longer clustered in a compact islet. These data unveil Rfx6 as a novel regulator of islet cell development.
Temozolomide in Combination With Interferon-Alfa Versus Temozolomide Alone in Patients With Advanced Metastatic Melanoma: A Randomized, Phase III, Multicenter Study from the Dermatologic Cooperative Oncology Group (2005)

In metastatic melanoma treatment with TMZ + IFN-alpha leads to a significantly superior OR rate compared to treatment with TMZ alone, which did not translate into prolonged survival in our study population.
Halibut muscle 3-phosphoglycerate kinase. Chemical and physical properties of the enzyme and its substrate complexes (1982)

An efficient procedure for the purification of 3-phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) from Pacific halibut muscle is described. The molecular weight (43500) and specific activity are similar to those of other species of PGK. The isoelectric point (greater than 9.5) is more than 1.4 pH units higher than that reported for mammalian muscle PGK. The reaction of the seven thiol groups with 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (Nbs2) is kinetically biphasic; reaction at a single fast-reacting thiol inactivates the enzyme. The binding of all substrates and products to PGK was observed by 31P NMR. 1,3-Diphosphoglycerate (1,3-P2G) is more tightly bound than is any of the other reaction components. Unlike 1,3-P2G in aqueous solution, the complex with PGK is protected from hydrolysis over a period of weeks. The 31P chemical shifts of this complex are insensitive to pH which suggests that solvent water is excluded from the substrate-bound cleft. As with yeast PGK, the equilibrium constant for the phosphoryl transfer reaction is near unity in the enzyme site environment in contrast to a value of approximately 10(3) (in favor of ATP) in aqueous solution. Since the ternary complex equilibrium 31P NMR spectrum can be accounted for entirely on the basis of the various binary complex spectra, there is no compelling evidence for the involvement of a stoichiometrically substantial phosphoenzyme intermediate.
An efficient, scalable content-based messaging system (2004)

Large-scale information processing environments must rapidly search through massive streams of raw data to locate useful information. These data streams contain textual and numeric data items, and may be highly structured or mostly freeform text. This project aims to create a high performance and scalable engine for locating relevant content in data streams. Based on the J2EE Java Messaging Service (JMS), the content-based messaging (CBM) engine provides highly efficient message formatting and filtering. This paper describes the design of the CBM engine, and presents empirical results that compare the performance with a standard JMS to demonstrate the performance improvements that are achieved.
Long-Wave Infrared Functional Brain Imaging in Human: A Pilot Study (2013)

Although some authors suggest to use Long-Wave Infrared (LWIR) sensors to evaluate brain functioning, the link between emissions of LWIR and mental effort is not established. The goal of this pilot study was to determine whether frontal LWIR emissions vary during execution of neuropsychological tasks known to differentially activate the pre-frontal cortex (simple color presentations, induction of the Stroop effect, and a gambling task with real money). Surprisingly, LWIR emissions as measured with bilateral frontal sensors in 47 participants significantly differed between tasks, in the supposed direction (Color<Stroop<Gambling), in spite of counterbalanced presentations. This pilot study suggests that investigations of convergent validity with other types of brain imaging techniques can be initiated with LWIR imaging. If confirmed, this technique would offer a simple and accessible method to evaluate frontal cortex activation.
[The urgency of developing new technologies to detect drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis]. (2011)

据WHO最新完成的 估计[1],2008年全球范围内耐多药结核病患者有44万例,其中有1/3已死亡.超过50个国家存在广泛耐多药结核病患者,中国在全球27个耐多药结核高负担国家[即估计每年发生至少4000例耐多药结核病和(或)至少10%新登记的耐多药结核病患者的国家]中排行第2,仅次于印度。
&lt;title&gt;Diffraction Gratings Ruled And Holographic - A Review&lt;/title&gt; (1981)

Diffraction gratings have been evolving steadily over the last ten years. Modern ruling engines have permitted classically ruled gratings to be more efficient with flatter diffracted wavefront than ever before. Examples include sophisticated laser gratings with up to 97.5% efficiency and flatness of better than &lambda;/3 in 17th order 6328X. Holographically recorded diffraction gratings continue to evolve with the development of blazed plane gratings and with groove densities of up to 6000g/mm. Concave holographic gratings now range from toroidal aberration corrected gratings,for use in the soft x-ray, to flat field spectrographs and scanning spectrographs operating out into the infra-red.
The dynamic friction characteristics of a rapidly sheared granular material applied to the motion of snow avalanches (1993)

A numerical simulation of simple two-dimensional shear of round uniform grains is used to investigate the dynamic friction characteristics of the layer of snow at the base of an avalanche. For steady, uniform flow on a uniform flat surface, the dynamic friction coefficient transmitted through the shear array is found as it varies with the shear speed and normal force applied to the top of the shear layer, and the properties of the particles in the shear layer. For this simple model, the flow in the shear layer is found to be independent of the total number of layers in the shear flow. A slip plane is formed along which most of the shearing motion takes places, so that the shear is confined to just two layers of particles which slide over one another. In the absence of gravity this slip plane jumps up and down randomly within the shear layer, which is otherwise composed of agitated semi-dispersed particles.
Sparse Solution of Underdetermined Systems of Linear Equations by Stagewise Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (2012)

Finding the sparsest solution to underdetermined systems of linear equations <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y</i> = Φ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> is NP-hard in general. We show here that for systems with “typical”/“random” Φ, a good approximation to the sparsest solution is obtained by applying a fixed number of standard operations from linear algebra. Our proposal, Stagewise Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (StOMP), successively transforms the signal into a negligible residual. Starting with initial residual <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> = <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y</i> , at the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</i> -th stage it forms the “matched filter” Φ <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rs-1</sub> , identifies all coordinates with amplitudes exceeding a specially chosen threshold, solves a least-squares problem using the selected coordinates, and subtracts the least-squares fit, producing a new residual. After a fixed number of stages (e.g., 10), it stops. In contrast to Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP), many coefficients can enter the model at each stage in StOMP while only one enters per stage in OMP; and StOMP takes a fixed number of stages (e.g., 10), while OMP can take many (e.g., <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</i> ). We give both theoretical and empirical support for the large-system effectiveness of StOMP. We give numerical examples showing that StOMP rapidly and reliably finds sparse solutions in compressed sensing, decoding of error-correcting codes, and overcomplete representation.
Proteome analysis of schizophrenia brain tissue (2010)

The availability of reliable markers not only paves the way to the development of new therapeutic strategies but also points out the possibility of their use as peripheral blood markers that may potentially contribute to the early SCZ detection and early therapeutic intervention, both of which can reduce the social and cognitive consequences of the disease.
Dual-wavelength actively mode-locked laser-diode array with an external grating-loaded cavity (1994)

We report the generation of dual-wavelength picosecond pulses by use of a commercial laser-diode array. The laser cavity incorporated a folded dispersive delay line with a V-shaped double-stripe mirror. The spectral separation of the laser output at the two wavelengths can be tuned from 2 to 11 nm. The actively mode-locked pulse widths at the two wavelengths were both 29 ps. Cross-correlation and power-spectrum measurements indicated that the two-color pulses were synchronized with an absolute timing jitter of less than 1 ps (instrument limited).
Synergistic action of two polyamine antimetabolites leads to a rapid therapeutic response in childhood leukemia (1981)

Sequential administration of alpha-difluoromethyl ornithine and methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone), two differently acting inhibitors of the biosynthesis of natural polyamines, produced a rapid and distinct therapeutic response in four children with advanced lymphoblastic and in one with myeloblastic leukemia. The synergism between the action of the two compounds was based upon a unique drug interaction; a preceding treatment with difluoromethyl ornithine greatly increased the uptake of subsequently administered methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) as verified by the actual determinations of the latter drug in the circulating leukemia cells. The side-effects associated with the combined drug regiment were either absent or mild.
[Two cases of colorectal cancer patients with poor performance status who had unresectable liver metastasis effectively treated by cetuximab]. (2010)

We reported two cases of colorectal cancer patients with EGFR-positive unresectable synchronous liver metastasis effectively treated by cetuximab after the progression of the prior chemotherapy. Case 1: A 49-year-old female with unresectable synchronous liver metastasis from colon cancer received cetuximab monotherapy as fifth-line therapy. Then, abdominal CT showed shrinkage of the liver metastasis (PR) and the performance status was improved from 3 to 0 as upper abdominal pain reduced. Case 2: A 67-year-old female with unresectable liver metastasis from colon cancer received cetuximab with CPT-11 combined therapy as fourth-line therapy. After that, liver metastasis also decreased (PR), and upper abdominal pain and PS were improved from 2 to 0. These two cases of KRAS status on cancer tissue also showed wild-type, and in these cases cetuximab proved effective.
Comprehensive identification of conditionally essential genes in mycobacteria (2001)

An increasing number of microbial genomes have been completely sequenced, and the identified genes are categorized based on their homology to genes of known function. However, the function of a large number of genes cannot be determined on this basis alone. Here, we describe a technique, transposon site hybridization (TraSH), which allows rapid functional characterization by identifying the complete set of genes required for growth under different conditions. TraSH combines high-density insertional mutagenesis with microarray mapping of pools of mutants. We have made large pools of independent transposon mutants in mycobacteria by using a mariner-based transposon and efficient phage transduction. By using TraSH, we have defined the set of genes required for growth of Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin on minimal but not rich medium. Genes of both known and unknown functions were identified. Of the genes with known functions, nearly all were involved in amino acid biosynthesis. TraSH is a powerful method for categorizing gene function that should be applicable to a variety of microorganisms.
The Transcriptional Activator Opaque2 Recognizes Two Different Target Sequences in the 22-kD-Like a-Prolamin Genes (1994)

, Germano Cord Neto, Marcio J. da Silva, Adilson Leite, Laura M. M. Ottoboni, Paulo Arruda, The Transcriptional Activator Opaque2 Recognizes Two Different Target Sequences in the 22-kD-Like α-Prolamin Genes, The Plant Cell, Vol. 6, No. 2 (Feb., 1994), pp. 237-249
A natural sketching environment : bringing the computer into early stages of mechanical design (2000)

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2000.