gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Growth of an androgen‐sensitive human prostate cancer cell line, LNCaP, in nude mice (1993)

This study was undertaken to establish an androgen-sensitive model of human prostatic carcinoma in nude mice. The androgen-sensitive prostatic carcinoma cell line, LNCaP, was suspended in reconstituted basement membrane (Matrigel) and injected subcutaneously into nude mice. The LNCaP cell line was chosen for the study, because the cell line is androgen-sensitive and secretes prostate specific antigen (PSA) into culture media. Following injection of 1 x 10(6) LNCaP cells with 0.25 ml of Matrigel, 88% of mice exhibited palpable tumor burdens after 12 weeks of observation. In addition, significant levels of PSA were observed in the serum of LNCaP-bearing mice. Bilateral orchiectomy of mice resulted in tumor regression and stabilization of serum PSA levels, compared to testis-intact controls. A significant correlation of PSA to tumor volume and weight was observed. The castrate level of testosterone was confirmed by radioimmunoassay and was similar to testosterone levels in female nude mice. Matrigel allows for a conducive environment to propagate LNCaP cells in nude mice. Furthermore, the growth can be manipulated by castration, leading to involution of tumor and stabilization of serum PSA level. This in vivo model of hormone-sensitive human prostate cancer cell line will serve as a model for the study of prostate tumor biology and treatment.
A fast mode decision algorithm for multiview auto-stereoscopic 3D video coding based on mode and disparity statistic analysis (2012)

Multiview video coding (MVC) is essential for applications of the auto-stereoscopic three-dimensional displays. However, the computational complexity of MVC encoders is tremendously huge. Fast algorithms are very desirable for the practical applications of MVC. Based on joint early termination , the selection of inter-view prediction and the optimization of the process of Inter8×8 modes by comparison, a fast macroblock(MB) mode selection algorithm is presented. Comparing with the full mode decision in MVC, the experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can reduce up to 78.13% on average and maximum 90.21% encoding time with a little increase in bit rates and loss in PSNR.
Regulation of Circadian Methyl Benzoate Emission in Diurnally and Nocturnally Emitting Plants (2001)

Emission of methyl benzoate, one of the most abundant scent compounds of bee-pollinated snapdragon flowers, occurs in a rhythmic manner, with maximum emission during the day, and coincides with the foraging activity of bumblebees. Rhythmic emission of methyl benzoate displays a "free-running" cycle in the absence of environmental cues (in continuous dark or continuous light), indicating the circadian nature of diurnal rhythmicity. Methyl benzoate is produced in upper and lower snapdragon petal lobes by enzymatic methylation of benzoic acid in the reaction catalyzed by S-adenosyl-L-methionine:benzoic acid carboxyl methyltransferase (BAMT). When a detailed time-course analysis of BAMT activity in upper and lower petal lobes during a 48-hr period was performed, high BAMT activity was found at night as well as in continuous darkness, indicating that the BAMT activity is not an oscillation-determining factor. Analysis of the level of benzoic acid during a 24-hr period revealed oscillations in the amount of benzoic acid during the daily light/dark cycle that were retained in continuous darkness. These data clearly show that the total amount of substrate (benzoic acid) in the cell is involved in the regulation of the rhythmic emission of methyl benzoate. Our results also suggest that similar molecular mechanisms are involved in the regulation of methyl benzoate production in diurnally (snapdragon) and nocturnally (tobacco and petunia) emitting plants.
Identifying and Tracking Pedestrians Based on Sensor Fusion and Motion Stability Predictions (2010)

The lack of trustworthy sensors makes development of Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS) applications a tough task. It is necessary to develop intelligent systems by combining reliable sensors and real-time algorithms to send the proper, accurate messages to the drivers. In this article, an application to detect and predict the movement of pedestrians in order to prevent an imminent collision has been developed and tested under real conditions. The proposed application, first, accurately measures the position of obstacles using a two-sensor hybrid fusion approach: a stereo camera vision system and a laser scanner. Second, it correctly identifies pedestrians using intelligent algorithms based on polylines and pattern recognition related to leg positions (laser subsystem) and dense disparity maps and u-v disparity (vision subsystem). Third, it uses statistical validation gates and confidence regions to track the pedestrian within the detection zones of the sensors and predict their position in the upcoming frames. The intelligent sensor application has been experimentally tested with success while tracking pedestrians that cross and move in zigzag fashion in front of a vehicle.
Multicast adaptive logic for Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP network (2015)

Video streaming constitutes the vast majority of Internet traffic and the DASH protocol has become the de-facto standard in the industry of multimedia delivery. The multicast method for information distribution has the potential to dramatically reduce multimedia streaming traffic; however, to date, there is no effective Adaptive Logic (AL) designed to support multicast constraints at the client side. In this paper we present an adaptive logic that is designed specifically for multicast scenarios. A comparison of our Multicast Adaptive Logic (MAL) with leading ALs under multicast conditions demonstrates that MAL provides the best performance under multicast conditions and good performance under unicast conditions.
Lube facility makes high-quality lube oil from low-quality feed (1986)

A new lube-oil complex that makes premium lubes from crude oils that are deficient in high-viscosity-index (VI) components was started up at Chevron's Richmond, Calif., refinery in late 1984. The project features a large hydrocracking complex with a design production capacity of 9,000 b/d. Waxy hydrocracked distillates are catalytically dewaxed for the first time ever, producing high-quality lubes from feedstocks which are uneconomical for lubes by conventional processing. Design features of the complex enable Chevron to achieve the upgrade with low operating costs. The complex is based on Chevron technology developed during the past 10 years. Historically, Chevron has been a large buyer of high-VI lube base oils. Purchases grew to as much as 6,000 b/cd after the shutdown of an aging Duosol plant in 1981. That shutdown left the Unocal refinery in Rodeo, Calif., as the only high-VI lube plant on the U.S. West Coast. West Coast demand has been met through large movements of base oils from the Gulf Coast and foreign purchases. Chevron conceived the Richmond lube oil project (RLOP) in 1978 to eliminate its dependence on other base-oil suppliers. The major objective of RLOP was to produce premium-quality lubes from readily available crudes used for primemore » fuels productions.« less
Poly(ethylene Glycol) (400) as Superior Solvent Medium against Ionic Liquids for Catalytic Hydrogenations with PtO<sub>2</sub> (2006)

Adams' catalyst in poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) (400) has been found to be a superior solvent over the ionic liquids by severalfold in promoting the hydrogenation of various functional groups. Both the catalyst and PEG were recycled efficiently over 10 runs without loss of activity, and substrate cross contamination was not observed despite a change in the substrate four times.
Encounter based sensor tracking (2012)

This paper addresses the problem of tracking a group of mobile sensors in an environment where there is intermittent or no access to a localization service, such as the Global Positioning System. Example applications include tracking personnel underground or animals under dense tree canopies. We assume that each sensor uses inertial, visual or mechanical odometry to measure its relative movement as a series of displacement vectors. Each displacement vector suffers a small quantity of error which compounds, causing the overall accuracy of the positional estimate to decrease with time. The primary contribution of this paper is a novel offline method of counteracting this error by exploiting opportunistic radio encounters between sensors. We fuse encounter information with the displacement vectors to build a graph that models sensor mobility. We show that two dimensional sensor tracking is equivalent to finding an embedding of this graph in the plane. Finally, using radio, inertial and ground truth trace data, we conduct simulations to observe how the number of anchors, transmission range and radio noise affect the performance of the proposed model. We compare these results to those from a competing model in the literature.
Lytic anti-<i>α</i>-galactosyl antibodies from patients with chronic Chagas' disease recognize novel <i>O</i>-linked oligosaccharides on mucin-like glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-anchored glycoproteins of <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> (1994)

Sera of patients with chronic Chagas' disease (American trypanosomiasis) contain elevated levels of anti-alpha-galactosyl antibodies that are lytic to Trypanosoma cruzi. The T. cruzi trypomastigote F2/3 antigen complex recognized by these antibodies runs as a broad smear on SDS/PAGE [Almeida, Krautz, Krettli and Travassos (1993) J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 7, 307-316]. Treatment of T. cruzi trypomastigote cells with bacterial phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) abolished most of their reactivity to chronic Chagas'-disease ((Chagasic, Ch) anti-alpha-galactosyl antibodies (anti-Gal). The F2/3 antigen complex, purified by solvent extraction and hydrophobic-interaction chromatography, contained 60% carbohydrate by weight and substantial amounts of Thr, Ser, Glx, Asx, Gly, Ala and Pro, but relatively few hydrophobic amino acids. The presence of myoinositol, ethanolamine and 1-O-hexadecylglycerol suggested the presence of glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol membrane anchors. This was confirmed by PI-PLC treatment, which rendered the F2/3 molecules hydrophilic and reactive to anti-(cross-reacting determinant) antibodies. The majority of the GlcNAc content of the F2/3 antigens was found at the reducing termini of oligosaccharides in O-glycosidic linkage to Thr residues. These O-linked oligosaccharides could be released by beta-elimination and by mild hydrazinolysis. The smallest released oligosaccharitol that was reactive with the Ch anti-Gal was Gal alpha 1-3Gal beta 1-4GlcNAcol (where GlcNAcol is N-acetyl-glucosaminitol). Several other Gal-containing oligosaccharitols were observed, most of which were branched and contained 4,6-di-O-substituted GlcNAcol at their reducing termini. About half of the total released oligosaccharitols could bind to immobilized Ch anti-Gal, but none of them bound to the anti-Gal isolated from normal human sera. These data suggest that the specificities of the Ch anti-Gal are quite different from the natural anti-Gal isolated from normal human sera. Therefore, these novel T. cruzi O-linked oligosaccharides are highly immunogenic under the conditions of natural infection and are the targets for lytic Ch anti-Gal.
Activation of Interferon-γ Inducing Factor Mediated by Interleukin-1β Converting Enzyme (1997)

The interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) converting enzyme (ICE) processes the inactive IL-1beta precursor to the proinflammatory cytokine. ICE was also shown to cleave the precursor of interferon-gamma inducing factor (IGIF) at the authentic processing site with high efficiency, thereby activating IGIF and facilitating its export. Lipopolysaccharide-activated ICE-deficient (ICE-/-) Kupffer cells synthesized the IGIF precursor but failed to process it into the active form. Interferon-gamma and IGIF were diminished in the sera of ICE-/- mice exposed to Propionibacterium acnes and lipopolysaccharide. The lack of multiple proinflammatory cytokines in ICE-/- mice may account for their protection from septic shock.
Distributed MAC and rate adaptation for ultrasonically networked implantable sensors (2013)

The use of miniaturized biomedical devices implanted in the human body and wirelessly internetworked is promising a significant leap forward in medical treatment of many pervasive diseases. Recognizing the well-understood limitations of traditional radio-frequency wireless communications in interconnecting devices within the human body, in this paper we propose to develop network protocols for implantable devices based on ultrasonic transmissions. We start off by assessing the feasibility of using ultrasonic propagation in human body tissues and by deriving an accurate channel model for ultrasonic intra-body communications. Then, we propose a new ultrasonic transmission and multiple access technique, which we refer to as Ultrasonic WideBand (UsWB). UsWB is based on the idea of transmitting information bits spread over very short pulses following a time-hopping pattern. The short impulse duration results in limited reflection and scattering effects, and its low duty cycle reduces the thermal and mechanical effects, which are detrimental for human health. We then develop a multiple access technique with distributed control to enable efficient simultaneous access by interfering devices based on minimal and localized information exchange and on measurements at the receiver only. Finally, we demonstrate the performance of UsWB through a multi-scale simulator that models the proposed communication system at the acoustic wave level, at the physical (bit) level, and at the network (packet) level.
Cell-free DNA (cfDNA): Clinical Significance and Utility in Cancer Shaped By Emerging Technologies (2016)

Precision oncology is predicated upon the ability to detect specific actionable genomic alterations and to monitor their adaptive evolution during treatment to counter resistance. Because of spatial and temporal heterogeneity and comorbidities associated with obtaining tumor tissues, especially in the case of metastatic disease, traditional methods for tumor sampling are impractical for this application. Known to be present in the blood of cancer patients for decades, cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is beginning to inform on tumor genetics, tumor burden, and mechanisms of progression and drug resistance. This substrate is amenable for inexpensive noninvasive testing and thus presents a viable approach to serial sampling for screening and monitoring tumor progression. The fragmentation, low yield, and variable admixture of normal DNA present formidable technical challenges for realization of this potential. This review summarizes the history of cfDNA discovery, its biological properties, and explores emerging technologies for clinically relevant sequence-based analysis of cfDNA in cancer patients. Molecular barcoding (or Unique Molecular Identifier, UMI)-based methods currently appear to offer an optimal balance between sensitivity, flexibility, and cost and constitute a promising approach for clinically relevant assays for near real-time monitoring of treatment-induced mutational adaptations to guide evidence-based precision oncology. Mol Cancer Res; 14(10); 898-908. ©2016 AACR.
The Control of the Metabolic Switch in Cancers by Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes (2010)

Cells from some tumors use an altered metabolic pattern compared with that of normal differentiated adult cells in the body. Tumor cells take up much more glucose and mainly process it through aerobic glycolysis, producing large quantities of secreted lactate with a lower use of oxidative phosphorylation that would generate more adenosine triphosphate (ATP), water, and carbon dioxide. This is the Warburg effect, which provides substrates for cell growth and division and free energy (ATP) from enhanced glucose use. This metabolic switch places the emphasis on producing intermediates for cell growth and division, and it is regulated by both oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in a number of key cancer-producing pathways. Blocking these metabolic pathways or restoring these altered pathways could lead to a new approach in cancer treatments.
Variation in the properties of the interface in a CoFeB∕MgO∕CoFeB tunnel junction during thermal annealing (2007)

Variation in the quality of the interface in a CoFeB∕MgO∕CoFeB tunnel junction during thermal annealing was investigated using x-ray photoemission spectroscopy. The formation of B oxide and the reduction of Fe oxide at the bottom interface after thermal annealing near Ta=300°C were found to enhance the tunneling magnetoresistance ratio significantly. At the same time, an asymmetry of the conductance (dV∕dI) in the bias polarity and a local minimum of conductance in a positive bias state were measured which were attributed to the presence of a minority state at the bottom interface. The authors believe that the existence of the Bloch state was also responsible for the failure of the application of the Brinkman-Dynes-Rowell or Simmons models to the CoFeB∕MgO∕CoFeB junction.
Characterization of full‐length hepatitis C virus genotype 4 sequences (2006)

Over 85% of the world's nearly 170 million hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected subjects exist in regions of Africa, Southeast Asia and Middle Eastern countries where genotypes 4-6 are very common. In particular, HCV genotype 4 is highly prevalent in Egypt with more than 19% of the population infected and chronic HCV representing one of the top five leading causes of death, due in part to ineffective interferon alpha treatment against this genotype. Despite this, very little work has been carried out to characterize the sequence diversity of genotype 4, which will be critical to the development of effective vaccines and antiviral therapies against this genotype. As a result of the paucity of sequence data available for HCV genotype 4, for which only one full genome sequence is currently available, we were interested in characterizing additional genotype 4 sequences and to provide reagents for amplification of this genotype. Here we describe seven unique HCV genotype 4a full genomes, in addition to a single genotype 4d genome, and characterize their sequence diversity in relation to other more closely characterized HCV genotypes.
HAC-models: a novel approach to continuous speech recognition (2008)

In this paper, a bottom-up, activation-based paradigm for continuous speech recognition is described. Speech is described by co-occurrence statistics of acoustic events over an analysis window of variable length, leading to a vectorial representation of high but fixed dimension called “Histogram of Acoustic Co-occurrence” (HAC). During training, recurring acoustic patterns are discovered and associated to words through non-negative matrix factorisation. During testing, word activations are computed from the HACrepresentation and their time of occurrence is estimated. Hence, words in a continuous utterance can be detected, ordered and located.
Differential Regulation of Formyl Peptide Receptor-Like 1 Expression During the Differentiation of Monocytes to Dendritic Cells and Macrophages (2001)

Monocytes are the common precursors for myeloid dendritic cells (DC) and macrophages. Identification of chemotactic receptors expressed by myeloid DC, macrophages, and their precursors in the course of differentiation and maturation is important not only for elucidation of their in vivo trafficking, but also for understanding of the functional distinction between DC and macrophages. We chose to study formyl peptide receptor like-1 (FPRL1), a chemotactic receptor known to interact with several endogenous agonists that are involved in inflammatory and host defense responses. Here we show that FPRL1 is down-regulated as monocytes differentiate into DC. This down-regulation occurs at both mRNA and functional levels. Therefore, the interaction of FPRL1 with its agonists is more likely to regulate the in vivo trafficking of DC precursors than DC. In contrast, FPRL1 expression is maintained at both mRNA and functional levels as monocytes differentiate into macrophages. Thus, our results demonstrate further distinctions between myeloid DC and macrophages, albeit they share a common precursor. The fact that macrophages rather than myeloid DC express functional FPRL1 suggests that this chemotactic receptor may be more involved in inflammatory reactions and innate host defense than in adaptive immune responses.
Mutations in the Mu Heavy-Chain Gene in Patients with Agammaglobulinemia (1996)

Defects in the mu heavy-chain gene are a cause of agammaglobulinemia in humans. This implies that an intact membrane-bound mu chain is essential for B-cell development.
Catalysis by solvated transition-metal cations. Novel catalytic transformations of alkenes by tetrakis(acetonitrile)palladium ditetrafluoroborate. Evidence for the formation of incipient carbonium ions as intermediates (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCatalysis by solvated transition-metal cations. Novel catalytic transformations of alkenes by tetrakis(acetonitrile)palladium ditetrafluoroborate. Evidence for the formation of incipient carbonium ions as intermediatesAyusman Sen and Ta-Wang LaiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 15, 4627–4629Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00405a077https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00405a077research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views838Altmetric-Citations119LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts