gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transformation optics with windows (2014)

Identity certification in the cyberworld has always been troublesome if critical information and financial transaction must be processed. Biometric identification is the most effective measure to circumvent the identity issues in mobile devices. Due to bulky and pricy optical design, conventional optical fingerprint readers have been discarded for mobile applications. In this paper, a digital variable-focus liquid lens was adopted for capture of a floating finger via fast focusplane scanning. Only putting a finger in front of a camera could fulfill the fingerprint ID process. This prototyped fingerprint reader scans multiple focal planes from 30 mm to 15 mm in 0.2 second. Through multiple images at various focuses, one of the images is chosen for extraction of fingerprint minutiae used for identity certification. In the optical design, a digital liquid lens atop a webcam with a fixed-focus lens module is to fast-scan a floating finger at preset focus planes. The distance, rolling angle and pitching angle of the finger are stored for crucial parameters during the match process of fingerprint minutiae. This innovative compact touchless fingerprint reader could be packed into a minute size of 9.8*9.8*5 (mm) after the optical design and multiple focus-plane scan function are optimized.
Selective differentiation of mammalian bone marrow stromal cells cultured on three-dimensional polymer foams (2001)

Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) are pluripotent progenitor cells that can regenerate different skeletal tissues in response to environmental signals. In this study, we used highly porous, structurally stable three-dimensional polymer foams in conjunction with specific regulatory molecules to selectively differentiate mammalian BMSC into either cartilaginous or bone-like tissues. Bovine BMSC were expanded in monolayers and cultured on 5-mm-diameter, 2-mm-thick foams made of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) and poly(ethylene glycol). Constructs maintained their original size and shape for up to 4 weeks of culture and supported BMSC growth and production of extracellular matrix (ECM). By proper use of chondrogenic (dexamethasone, insulin, transforming growth factor-beta1) or osteogenic (dexamethasone, beta-glycerophosphate) medium supplements, we could control whether the generated ECM was cartilaginous (containing collagen type II and sulfated glycosaminoglycans) or bone-like (containing osteocalcin, osteonectin, and mineralized foci). After 4 weeks of cultivation, cartilaginous and bone-like ECM were uniformly distributed throughout the construct volume and respectively represented 34.2 +/- 9.3% and 12.6 +/- 3.2% of the total available area. BMSC culture on poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/poly(ethylene glycol) foams provides a three-dimensional model system to study the development of mesenchymal tissues in vitro and has potential applications in engineering autologous grafts for skeletal tissue repair.
Layout impact of resolution enhancement techniques (2003)

This tutorial introduces the reader to the basic concepts of optical lithography, derives fundamental resolution limits, reviews the challenges facing future technology nodes, explains the principles of resolution enhancement techniques and their impact on chip layout, and discusses layout optimization considerations.
Modal mapping in shallow water using synthetic aperture horizontal arrays (2002)

An experimental technique is described for mapping the wavenumber spectrum of the normal mode field as a function of position in a shallow water waveguide with three-dimensional variation in its acoustic properties. These modal maps provide a characterization of the modal properties of the waveguide, can be used as input data to inversion techniques for inferring the 3D geoacoustic properties of the bottom, and improve our ability to localize and track source. The experimental configuration consists of a source radiating one or more pure tones to a field of freely drifting buoys, each containing a hydrophone, GPS navigation, and radio telemetry. A key component of the method is the establishment of a local differential GPS system between the source ship and each buoy, thereby enabling the determination of the positions of the buoys relative to the ship with submeter accuracy. In this manner, the drifting buoys create 2D synthetic aperture horizontal arrays along which the modal evolution of the waveguide can be observed in the spatial domain, or after beam forming, in the horizontal wavenumber domain. Typical results from two modal mapping experiments (MOMAX) are presented in which fixed and moving source configurations were used to transmit pure tones in the band 50-300 Hz to several buoys at ranges up to 10 km. MOMAX I was conducted in about 70 m of water off the New Jersey coast in March, 1997, while MOMAX II was carried out in 50-150 m water depths in the Gulf of Mexico in February, 1999. A striking feature of these data is the remarkable stability and regularity of the phase, although the magnitude displays a complex multimodal interference pattern.
Mitochondrial complex I deficiency in the epileptic focus of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (2000)

Mitochondria are cellular organelles crucial for energy supply and calcium homeostasis in neuronal cells, and their dysfunction causes seizure activity in some rare human epilepsies. To directly test whether mitochondrial respiratory chain enzymes are abnormal in the most common form of chronic epilepsy, temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), living human brain specimens from 57 epileptic patients and 2 nonepileptic controls were investigated. In TLE patients with a hippocampal epileptic focus, we demonstrated a specific deficiency of complex I of the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the hippocampal CA3 region. In contrast, TLE patients with a parahippocampal epileptic focus showed reduced complex I activity only in parahippocampal tissue. Inhibitor titrations of the maximal respiration rate of intact human brain slices revealed that the observed reduction in complex I activity is sufficient to affect the adenosine triphosphate production rate. The abnormal complex I activity in the hippocampal CA3 region was paralleled by increased succinate dehydrogenase staining of neurons and marked ultrastructural abnormalities of mitochondria. Therefore, mitochondrial dysfunction is suggested to be specific for the epileptic focus and may constitute a pathomechanism contributing to altered excitability and selective neuronal vulnerability in TLE. Ann Neurol 2000;48:766–773
Guided-MLESAC: faster image transform estimation by using matching priors (2005)

MLESAC is an established algorithm for maximum-likelihood estimation by random sampling consensus, devised for computing multiview entities like the fundamental matrix from correspondences between image features. A shortcoming of the method is that it assumes that little is known about the prior probabilities of the validities of the correspondences. This paper explains the consequences of that omission and describes how the algorithm's theoretical standing and practical performance can be enhanced by deriving estimates of these prior probabilities. Using the priors in guided-MLESAC is found to give an order of magnitude speed increase for problems where the correspondences are described by one image transformation and clutter. This paper describes two further modifications to guided-MLESAC. The first shows how all putative matches, ratherthan just the best, from a particularfeature can be taken forward into the sampling stage, albeit at the expense of additional computation. The second suggests how to propagate the output from one frame forward to successive frames. The additional information makes guided-MLESAC computationally realistic at video-rates for correspondence sets modeled by two transformations and clutter.
Inhibition of cell proliferation in human breast tumor cells by antisense oligonucleotides against facilitative glucose transporter 5 (2004)

In recent years, successful examples of antisense oligonucleotide (AS) therapy for genetic diseases have stimulated scientists to investigate its application on cancer diseases. AS can be used to down-regulate the mRNA and protein expression by annealing to specific region of the target mRNA which is responsible for the malignancy. Glucose transporter 5 (Glut5) is a tissue specific transporter that can be found on breast cancer tissues but not on normal breast tissues. Therefore, it is of clinical interest to investigate whether AS against Glut5 mRNA can tackle breast cancer. In this study, two cell lines, MCF-7 which is estrogen-receptor positive and MDA-MB-231 which is estrogen-receptor negative, were used to mimic breast cancer tissues at early and late stages, respectively. A 15-base sequence around the start codon of Glut5 was used. It was found that AS against Glut5 exerted anti-proliferative effect on both of these two breast tumor cell lines and seemed to exert its effect via the suppression of expression of Glut5 proteins in the cells. AS against Glut5 exhibited no effect on human hepatoma HepG2 cells which do not possess any Glut5. The results imply an alternative way in treating breast tumor as the AS against Glut5, unlike tamoxifen, takes effect on breast tumor cells via suppressing the expression of Glut5 that they specifically possess, and regardless whether the breast tumors are estrogen dependent or not.
Mass spectrometric immunoassay for quantitative determination of transthyretin and its variants (2011)

Transthyretin (TTR, or prealbumin) is a tetrameric protein found in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid. Its major role is to transport thyroid hormones (thyroxin-T4) and retinol (through association with retinol-binding protein). TTR has been studied extensively due to the great number of point mutations that result in sequence heterogeneity. Many of these variants are associated with pathological conditions that result in extracellular deposition of amyloid fibers in tissues. In this work, we have developed a rapid mass spectrometric immunoassay for determination and quantification of TTR and its variants from human serum and plasma samples. The assay was fully characterized in terms of its precision, linearity and recovery characteristics. The new assay was also compared with a conventional TTR ELISA. Furthermore, we have applied the optimized method to analyze TTR and its modifications in 44 human plasma samples, and in the process optimized a method for TTR proteolytic digestion and identification of point mutations.
Endothelin-1 Overexpression Leads to Further Water Accumulation and Brain Edema after Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion via Aquaporin 4 Expression in Astrocytic End-Feet (2005)

Stroke patients have increased levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1), a strong vasoconstrictor, in their plasma or cerebrospinal fluid. Previously, we showed high level of ET-1 mRNA expression in astrocytes after hypoxia/ischemia. It is unclear whether the contribution of ET-1 induction in astrocytes is protective or destructive in cerebral ischemia. Here, we generated a transgenic mouse model that overexpress ET-1 in astrocytes (GET-1) using the glial fibrillary acidic protein promoter to examine the role of astrocytic ET-1 in ischemic stroke by challenging these mice with transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Under normal condition, GET-1 mice showed no abnormality in brain morphology, cerebrovasculature, absolute cerebral blood flow, blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity, and mean arterial blood pressure. Yet, GET-1 mice subjected to transient MCAO showed more severe neurologic deficits and increased infarct, which were partially normalized by administration of ABT-627 (ET(A) antagonist) 5 mins after MCAO. In addition, GET-1 brains exhibited more Evans blue extravasation and showed decreased endothelial occludin expression after MCAO, correlating with higher brain water content and increased cerebral edema. Aquaporin 4 expression was also more pronounced in astrocytic end-feet on blood vessels in GET-1 ipsilateral brains. Our current data suggest that astrocytic ET-1 has deleterious effects on water homeostasis, cerebral edema and BBB integrity, which contribute to more severe ischemic brain injury.
Probody therapeutics for targeting antibodies to diseased tissue (2014)

Probodies are proteolytically activated antibodies engineered to remain inert until activated locally in diseased tissue. In principle, any therapeutic antibody can be converted into Probody™ form. In this perspective, we highlight the emerging therapeutic potential of the Probody approach in the form of conventional IgG-based Probodies as well as in the form of 'empowered Probody' formats such as Probody-drug conjugates.
Establishment of a human B-CLL xenograft model: utility as a preclinical therapeutic model. (1996)

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), a proliferative disease of mature looking B lymphocytes, is the commonest leukemia in western countries. It remains incurable by available treatment modalities. We report on the establishment of a permanent, EBV-negative, B-CLL line (WSU-CLL) from the peripheral blood of a patient with CLL. The cells grow as suspension in liquid culture, express IgG lambda and other B cell markers and show lg heavy and light gene rearrangements. Karyotypic analysis shows 45,X,del(3)(p14;p24),t(4;12;12) (q31;q22;p13), t(5;12) (q31;p13), add(16)(q24)X2, t(18;21) (q12;p12). WSU-CLL forms colonies when grown on soft agar. A xenograft model was established by injecting the WSU-CLL cells subcutaneously (s.c.) in severe combined immune deficient (SCID) mice. When the s.c. tumor was transplanted in vivo to other SCID mice, the success rate was 100% with a doubling time of 7.3 days. The CLL-SCID xenograft model was used to test the efficacy of selected standard chemotherapy drugs and new therapeutic agents against WSU-CLL. The cell line and the xenograft described can be used as a model to facilitate the development of new therapeutic agents against CLL in man.
“BRCAness” Syndrome in Ovarian Cancer: A Case-Control Study Describing the Clinical Features and Outcome of Patients With Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Associated With <i>BRCA1</i> and <i>BRCA2</i> Mutations (2008)

BRCA-positive EOC patients have better outcomes than nonhereditary EOC patients. There exists a clinical syndrome of BRCAness that includes serous histology, high response rates to first and subsequent lines of platinum-based treatment, longer TFIs between relapses, and improved OS.
Fine mapping of Xq11.1‐q21.33 and mutation screening of <i>RPS6KA6, ZNF711</i>, <i>ACSL4, DLG3</i>, and <i>IL1RAPL2</i> for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) (2011)

About 80% of cases with autism express intellectual disability. Both in autism and in mental retardation without autism the majority of the cases are males, suggesting a X-chromosomal effect. In fact, some molecular evidence has been obtained for a common genetic background for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and X-linked mental retardation (XLMR). In several genome-wide scans (GWS), evidence for linkage at X-chromosome has been reported including the GWS of Finnish ASD families with the highest multipoint lod score (MLS) of 2.75 obtained close to DXS7132 at Xq11.1. To further dissect the relationship between autism and genes implicated in XLMR, we have fine-mapped Xq11.1-q21.33 and analyzed five candidate genes in the region. We refined the region using 26 microsatellite markers and linkage analysis in 99 Finnish families with ASD. The most significant evidence for linkage was observed at DXS1225 on Xq21.1 with a nonparametric multipoint NPL(all) value of 3.43 (P = 0.0004). We sequenced the coding regions and splice sites of RPS6KA6 and ZNF711 residing at the peak region in 42 male patients from families contributing to the linkage. We also analyzed ACSL4 and DLG3, which have previously been known to cause XLMR and IL1RAPL2, a homologous gene for IL1RAPL1 that is mutated in autism and XLMR. A total of six novel and 11 known single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified. Further studies are warranted to analyze the candidate genes at Xq11.1-q21.33.
Reduktion von Carbonylverbindungen mit chiralen Oxazaborolidin-Katalysatoren: eine neue enantioselektive Katalyse und leistungsfähige Synthesemethode (1998)

Eine hohe Enantioselektivität kann in der durch komplexe chirale Oxazaborolidine katalysierten Reduktion von Ketonen erreicht werden. Der Katalysator aktiviert im Übergangszustand die beiden Reaktanten und hält sie in enger Nachbarschaft zueinander (siehe Schema unten).
LMA Supreme <sup>TM</sup> insertion by novices in manikins and patients (2010)

The LMA Supreme has been suggested for use in emergency situations by medical personnel with no experience in endotracheal intubation. We evaluated the LMA Supreme when inserted by non-anaesthetists, firstly in a manikin and then in patients. Fifty airway novices inserted a LMA Supreme in a manikin without any complications so we proceeded to the patient phase. Fifty airway novices inserted the LMA Supreme in anaesthetised patients undergoing elective surgery. First time insertion success rate was 86% and overall insertion success rate was 100%. Mechanical ventilation was successful in all cases. Median (IQR [range]) time to establish an airway was 34 s (26-40 [18-145] s). Median (IQR [range]) pharyngeal seal pressure was 23 cmH(2)O (19-28 [13-40] cmH(2)O). There were no important complications. Results are consistent with previous studies of use of the LMA Supreme by airway experts. We conclude that the LMA supreme is suitable for use by airway novices. Further research is needed before it may be recommended for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency airway use.
[Basic calponin expressing human neuroblastoma cell line of KP-N-YS]. (1998)

Recent studies have demonstrated that human neuroblastoma (NB) cell lines have at least two morphological appearance of neuroblastic (N-type) and substrate-adhesive (S-type) cells. Our previous study revealed that S-type cells expressed alpha-smooth muscle actin and/or desmin, suggesting the smooth muscle cell characteristics of S-type cells. In the present study, a new human NB cell line, KP-N-YS, was established from bone marrow metastasis of a four-year-old boy with advanced NB, originating from the left adrenal gland. Subsequently N-type cell clone (YS1n) and S-type cell clone (YS2s) was isolated from the parent cell line. Parent and clones cell lines were identified as NB by surface membrane antigen and cytoskeletal protein analysis, and these cell lines were demonstrated as common progenitors by chromosomal analysis. Furthermore the presence of basic calponin were determined by indirect immunofluorescence, Western blot, as well as by RT-PCR (reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction). Our demonstration of basic calponin not in N-type cells, but in S-type cells supports the plausible smooth muscle cell characteristics of this NB cell line.
Identification of a human src homology 2-containing protein-tyrosine-phosphatase: a putative homolog of Drosophila corkscrew. (1992)

src homology 2 (SH2) domains direct binding to specific phosphotyrosyl proteins. Recently, SH2-containing protein-tyrosine-phosphatases (PTPs) were identified. Using degenerate oligonucleotides and the PCR, we have cloned a cDNA for an additional PTP, SH-PTP2, which contains two SH2 domains and is expressed ubiquitously. When expressed in Escherichia coli, SH-PTP2 displays tyrosine-specific phosphatase activity. Strong sequence similarity between SH-PTP2 and the Drosophila gene corkscrew (csw) and their similar patterns of expression suggest that SH-PTP2 is the human corkscrew homolog. Sequence comparisons between SH-PTP2, SH-PTP1, corkscrew, and other SH2-containing proteins suggest the existence of a subfamily of SH2 domains found specifically in PTPs, whereas comparison of the PTP domains of the SH2-containing PTPs with other tyrosine phosphatases suggests the existence of a subfamily of PTPs containing SH2 domains. Since corkscrew, a member of the terminal class signal transduction pathway, acts in concert with D-raf to positively transduce the signal generated by the receptor tyrosine kinase torso, these findings suggest several mechanisms by which SH-PTP2 may participate in mammalian signal transduction.
Maximum a posteriori linear regression for hidden Markov model adaptation (1999)

In the past few years, transformation-based model adaptation techniques have been widely used to help reducing acoustic mismatch between training and testing conditions of automatic speech recognizers. The estimation of the transformation parameters is usually carried out using estimation paradigms based on classical statistics such as maximum likelihood, mainly because of their conceptual and computational simplicity. However, it appears necessary to introduce some constraints on the possible values of the transformation parameters to avoid getting unreasonable estimates that might perturb the underlying structure of the acoustic space. In this paper, we propose to introduce such constraints using Bayesian statistics, where a prior distribution of the transformation parameters is used. A Bayesian counterpart of the well known maximum likelihood linear regression (MLLR) adaption is formulated based on maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation. Supervised, unsupervised and incremental non-native speaker adaptation experiments are carried out to compare the proposed MAPLR approach to MLLR. Experimental results show that MAPLR outperforms MLLR.
Molecular cloning of gp 80, a glycoprotein complex secreted by kidney cells in vitro and in vivo. A link to the reproductive system and to the complement cascade (1991)

cDNA clones coding for the gp 80 heterodimeric glycoprotein complex secreted constitutively at the apical surface of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells have been isolated from MDCK cDNA libraries in lambda gt11 and lambda gt10. The cloned sequences encode a polypeptide chain of 445 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence of the gp 80 protein reveals 80% homology to rat SGP-2, a major secretory protein of the testes epithelium and 83% homology to SP-40,40, a human complement-associated protein. SGP-2 and SP-40,40 have been proposed to be serum and seminal forms of the same protein. The sequence homology as well as the results of Southern and Northern blot analyses and immunological studies suggest that gp 80 is the canine homolog of the rat SGP-2 and the human SP-40,40. The protein is expressed in the embryonic kidney already early during organogenesis. In the adult kidney the protein has been localized along the luminal surfaces of the proximal and distal tubule and the collecting duct cells.
Energy Decay in Superconducting Josephson-Junction Qubits from Nonequilibrium Quasiparticle Excitations (2009)

We calculate the energy decay rate of Josephson qubits and superconducting resonators from nonequilibrium quasiparticles. The decay rates from experiments are shown to be consistent with predictions based on a prior measurement of the quasiparticle density n(qp) = 10/microm(3), which suggests that nonequilibrium quasiparticles are an important decoherence source for Josephson qubits. Calculations of the energy-decay and diffusion of quasiparticles also indicate that prior engineered gap and trap structures, which reduce the density of quasiparticles, should be redesigned to improve their efficacy. This model also explains a striking feature in Josephson qubits and resonators-a small reduction in decay rate with increasing temperature.