gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Deep CORAL: Correlation Alignment for Deep Domain Adaptation (2016)

Deep neural networks are able to learn powerful representations from large quantities of labeled input data, however they cannot always generalize well across changes in input distributions. Domain adaptation algorithms have been proposed to compensate for the degradation in performance due to domain shift. In this paper, we address the case when the target domain is unlabeled, requiring unsupervised adaptation. CORAL is a "frustratingly easy" unsupervised domain adaptation method that aligns the second-order statistics of the source and target distributions with a linear transformation. Here, we extend CORAL to learn a nonlinear transformation that aligns correlations of layer activations in deep neural networks (Deep CORAL). Experiments on standard benchmark datasets show state-of-the-art performance.
Visual capture and understanding of hand pointing actions in a 3-D environment (2003)

We present a nonintrusive system based on computer vision for human-computer interaction in three-dimensional (3-D) environments controlled by hand pointing gestures. Users are allowed to walk around in a room and manipulate information displayed on its walls by using their own hands as pointing devices. Once captured and tracked in real-time using stereo vision, hand pointing gestures are remapped onto the current point of interest, thus reproducing in an advanced interaction scenario the "drag and click" behavior of traditional mice. The system, called PointAt (patent pending), enjoys a careful modeling of both user and optical subsystem, and visual algorithms for self-calibration and adaptation to both user peculiarities and environmental changes. The concluding sections provide an insight into system characteristics, performance, and relevance for real applications.
Asymmetric zirconocene precursors for catalysis of propylene polymerization (1994)

Abstract Racemic isopropylidene (1‐η 5 ‐cyclopentadienyl)(1‐η 5 ‐indenyl) dichlorozirconium and the 3‐methylindenyl derivative have been synthesized and characterized. These precursors activated with methylaluminoxane produce poly(propylene) with hemiisotactic microstructures. © 1994 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Nondestructive tissue analysis for ex vivo and in vivo cancer diagnosis using a handheld mass spectrometry system (2017)

Conventional methods for histopathologic tissue diagnosis are labor- and time-intensive and can delay decision-making during diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. We report the development of an automated and biocompatible handheld mass spectrometry device for rapid and nondestructive diagnosis of human cancer tissues. The device, named MasSpec Pen, enables controlled and automated delivery of a discrete water droplet to a tissue surface for efficient extraction of biomolecules. We used the MasSpec Pen for ex vivo molecular analysis of 20 human cancer thin tissue sections and 253 human patient tissue samples including normal and cancerous tissues from breast, lung, thyroid, and ovary. The mass spectra obtained presented rich molecular profiles characterized by a variety of potential cancer biomarkers identified as metabolites, lipids, and proteins. Statistical classifiers built from the histologically validated molecular database allowed cancer prediction with high sensitivity (96.4%), specificity (96.2%), and overall accuracy (96.3%), as well as prediction of benign and malignant thyroid tumors and different histologic subtypes of lung cancer. Notably, our classifier allowed accurate diagnosis of cancer in marginal tumor regions presenting mixed histologic composition. Last, we demonstrate that the MasSpec Pen is suited for in vivo cancer diagnosis during surgery performed in tumor-bearing mouse models, without causing any observable tissue harm or stress to the animal. Our results provide evidence that the MasSpec Pen could potentially be used as a clinical and intraoperative technology for ex vivo and in vivo cancer diagnosis.
Clinical and epidemiologic studies of pneumococcal infection in children (1986)

Streptococcus pneumoniae was isolated from 1310 children in a 5-year period from 1979 through 1984. There were 44 cases of meningitis, 172 bacteremic infections, 787 cases of otitis media and 307 respiratory and miscellaneous isolates. The majority of infections could be accounted for by a small number of serotypes, with types 3, 6, 14, 19 and 23 predominating. Most infections (70%) occurred in infants younger than 2 years of age. However, nearly one-fourth of those suffering systemic illness had some underlying condition which may have contributed to their risk for infection, even beyond 2 years of age. Ten of the 12 deaths occurred in patients with altered host defenses. Characteristics of pneumococcal disease and the distribution of serotypes are discussed in relation to the work of other investigators over the past 50 years.
An <i>apolipoprotein E</i> variant may protect against age‐related macular degeneration through cytokine regulation (2006)

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of visual impairment and blindness among the elderly in Western countries. Genetic factors, age, cigarette smoking, nutrition, and exposure to light have been identified as AMD risk factors. In this study, we investigated the association between ApoE C112R/R158C single nucleotide polymorphisms (which determine the E2, E3, and E4 isoforms) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and the mechanism underlying the association. Genomic DNA was extracted from 133 clinically screened controls, 94 volunteers with a younger mean age, 120 patients with advanced AMD, and 40 archived ocular AMD slides for single nucleotide polymorphism typing. The effects of recombinant ApoE isoforms on CCL2 (a chemokine), CX3CR1 (a chemokine receptor), and VEGF (a cytokine) expression in cultured human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells were tested and serum cholesterol profiles of the clinically screened subjects were analyzed. ApoE112R (E4) distribution differed significantly between AMD patients and controls. ApoE112R allele frequency was 10.9% in the AMD group when compared with 16.5% in the younger controls and 18.8% in the clinically screened controls. The pathologically diagnosed archived AMD cases had the lowest allele frequency of 5%. No significant differences in ApoE158C (E2) distribution were observed among the groups. A meta-analysis of 8 cohorts including 4,289 subjects showed a strong association between AMD and 112R, but not 158C. In vitro studies found that recombinant ApoE suppresses CCL2 and VEGF expression in RPE cells. However, the E4 isoform showed more suppression than E3 in both cases. These results further confirm the association between ApoE112R and a decreased risk of AMD development. The underlying mechanisms may involve differential regulation of both CCL2 and VEGF by the ApoE isoforms.
T-POP Array Identifies EcnR and PefI-SrgD as Novel Regulators of Flagellar Gene Expression (2008)

The T-POP transposon was employed in a general screen for tetracycline (Tet)-induced chromosomal loci that exhibited Tet-activated or Tet-repressed expression of a fliC-lac transcriptional fusion. Insertions that activated flagellar transcription were located in flagellar genes. T-POP insertions that exhibited Tet-dependent fliC-lac inhibition were isolated upstream of the ecnR, fimZ, pefI-srgD, rcsB, and ydiV genes and in the flagellar gene flgA, which is located upstream of the anti-sigma(28) factor gene flgM. When expressed from the chromosomal P(araBAD) promoter, EcnR, FimZ, PefI-SrgD, and RcsB inhibited the transcription of the flagellar class 1 flhDC operon. YdiV, which is weakly homologous to EAL domain proteins involved in cyclic-di-GMP regulation, appears to act at a step after class 1 transcription. By using a series of deletions of the regulatory genes to try to disrupt each pathway, these regulators were found to act largely independently of one another. These results identify EcnR and PefI-SrgD as additional components of the complex regulatory network controlling flagellar expression.
Grooves reduce aircraft drag (1980)

Aerodynamic drag can be reduced by many small longitudinal grooves machined in aircraft skin. Experiments show that grooves parallel to airflow reduce drag by 4 to 7 percent. Reduced drag translates into reduced engine power required to overcome drag and ultimately to lower fuel consumption.
Plasma‐enhanced deposition of silver nanoparticles onto polymer and metal surfaces for the generation of antimicrobial characteristics (2004)

Abstract Silver nanoparticle thin layers were deposited onto formaldehyde‐radio frequency (RF)‐plasma‐functionalized medical‐ and food‐grade silicone rubber, stainless steel, and paper surfaces. The silver deposition was carried out under ex situ plasma conditions using the Tollen's reaction. Results from survey and high‐resolution electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy investigations confirmed the presence of thin silver layers on the plasma‐exposed and subsequently modified substrate surfaces. In addition, SEM and AFM demonstrated the nanoparticle‐based morphology of the deposited layers. Our results showed that thin macromolecular layers bearing aldehyde functionalities can be deposited onto silicone rubber, stainless steel, and paper surfaces. The bactericidal properties of the silver‐coated surfaces were demonstrated by exposing them to Listeria monocytogenes . No viable bacteria were detected after 12 to 18 h on silver‐coated silicone rubber surfaces. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 1411–1422, 2004
Distance detective small camera module (2007)

Our new type of camera module is small and thin, and is able to detect the distances of objects as well as their images. The module comprises a four-lens array, one imaging sensor and optical filters. The imaging sensor is divided into four areas, two of which are covered with green filters and the other two with infiared filters. A prototype was fabricated with a focal length of 2.63 mm and a baseline length of 2.59 mm. The two images with the same optical filters have parallax, so the distances of objects can be calculated by comparing the two images. We use infrared images illuminated with infrared LEDs at night, and green images during the daytime. After calibrating the images, we achieved a distance-detection accuracy of within ±2.5% at 1 m in spite of the camera's small baseline length. Consequently, our new distance detection camera module is small and thin, and generates a depth-image of an object as well as its image. Our camera module is thus applicable to vehicles, security systems and three-dimensional imaging.
Tropomyosin receptor kinase inhibitors: a patent update 2009 – 2013 (2014)

Considerable recent progress has been made in the identification of selective pan Trk inhibitors with pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties appropriate for clinical evaluation. Inhibitors of both active and inactive conformations of the Trks as well as peripherally restricted molecules have been identified. Furthermore, TrkA-selective allosteric inhibitors have recently been disclosed, which enables the biology of this isoform to be probed. The recent identification of a TrkA gene fusion in a subset of lung cancer patients will increase further the attraction of Trk inhibition to the pharmaceutical industry.
Identification of functional promoter elements in the rabbit smooth muscle myosin heavy chain gene. (1994)

Despite the importance of smooth muscle cell proliferation in vascular pathophysiological states, the mechanisms regulating smooth muscle cell growth and differentiation are poorly understood. Previous studies have shown that adult rabbit smooth muscles express two types of myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms, SM1 and SM2, which are generated through alternative RNA splicing from a single smooth muscle MHC (SMHC) gene. In the present study, we isolated and characterized the rabbit SMHC gene promoter. DNA sequence analysis of the upstream region of the SMHC gene revealed several putative cis-DNA regulatory elements proximal to the transcription start site. Most notably, cis-acting regulatory elements that closely resemble CC(A/T)6GG (CArG box) and myocyte enhancer binding factor 2 (MEF-2)-type sequence motifs were found in the SMHC 5'-flanking region. In addition, six E-box motifs were found in the 5'-flanking region of the SMHC gene between -374 and -2109 base pairs from the transcription start site. A series of transient transfection assays using SMHC promoter deletion constructs indicated that a promoter fragment extending to 2266 base pairs upstream of the transcription start site has the highest reporter activity in cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells. Gel mobility shift analyses using the MEF-2-like sequence located at -1540 revealed a specific DNA protein complex, whereas the CArG-like element located at -1275 did not show protein binding. The SMHC promoter construct, p509-CAT, which included neither the CArG- nor MEF-2-type motifs, conferred 32% of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity in the same cells, whereas the construct p188-CAT, which contained the minimal promoter elements (TATA box), was significantly less active (7%; 2.0-fold over background). This is the first report describing the promoter elements of a gene whose expression is restricted to smooth muscle cells.
Carbohydrate Chips for Studying High-Throughput Carbohydrate−Protein Interactions (2004)

Carbohydrate-protein interactions play important biological roles in living organisms. For the most part, biophysical and biochemical methods have been used for studying these biomolecular interactions. Less attention has been given to the development of high-throughput methods to elucidate recognition events between carbohydrates and proteins. In the current effort to develop a novel high-throughput tool for monitoring carbohydrate-protein interactions, we prepared carbohydrate microarrays by immobilizing maleimide-linked carbohydrates on thiol-derivatized glass slides and carried out lectin binding experiments by using these microarrays. The results showed that carbohydrates with different structural features selectively bound to the corresponding lectins with relative binding affinities that correlated with those obtained from solution-based assays. In addition, binding affinities of lectins to carbohydrates were also quantitatively analyzed by determining IC(50) values of soluble carbohydrates with the carbohydrate microarrays. To fabricate carbohydrate chips that contained more diverse carbohydrate probes, solution-phase parallel and enzymatic glycosylations were performed. Three model disaccharides were in parallel synthesized in solution-phase and used as carbohydrate probes for the fabrication of carbohydrate chips. Three enzymatic glycosylations on glass slides were consecutively performed to generate carbohydrate microarrays that contained the complex oligosaccharide, sialyl Le(x). Overall, these works demonstrated that carbohydrate chips could be efficiently prepared by covalent immobilization of maleimide-linked carbohydrates on the thiol-coated glass slides and applied for the high-throughput analyses of carbohydrate-protein interactions.
Extraction of water information based on LBV transformation of TM image using the object-oriented method (2012)

Taking the Nanjing city as the research area,we transform the TM image with the LBV way to extract the water information based on object-oriented classification method.The experiment results show that the extraction accuracy of water information reaches 94.6%.This method not only removes the influence of the mountain shadow and city buildings,but also reduces the salt-phenomenon.This method is simple and has practical value.It is suitable for automatic extraction of water information.
A high molecular weight component of the human tumor necrosis factor receptor is associated with cytotoxicity. (1987)

We compared the molecular structure of the receptor to human recombinant tumor necrosis factor (HurTNF) on cells of different tissue origin that differ in their response to one of the known activities of TNF. We studied tumor cell lines that respond to the cytotoxic action of TNF and resistant variants that bind TNF, normal cell lines that are stimulated to proliferate by TNF and those that are not affected by TNF, and peripheral blood granulocytes whose activation is also augmented by TNF. Using 125I-labeled HurTNF, we found that it bound mainly to four cellular polypeptides (138, 90, 75, and 54 kDa), three of which were found in every cell type examined and one (138 kDa) that was observed only in a human breast carcinoma cell line (MCF-7) that is highly responsive to the cytotoxic action of TNF. The 138-kDa polypeptide was not found in resistant variants of MCF-7 that bind TNF. In contrast to the other polypeptides, the 138-kDa protein was detected 30 min after incubation at 4 degrees C, as compared to 5 min. Scatchard analysis and cross-linking data suggest a model for the TNF receptor structure whereby the receptor is composed of noncovalently linked membrane-bound polypeptides that bind TNF with high affinity (Kd, 0.05-0.8 X 10(-9) M) with the 138-kDa protein being the least abundant and/or even absent in most cells.
Quadruplex-to-Duplex Transition of G-Rich Oligonucleotides Probed by Cationic Water-Soluble Conjugated Polyelectrolytes (2006)

G-quartet DNA converts to duplex form in the presence of its complementary strand. This conformational change can be detected in real time by a homogeneous assay method based on the signal amplification of conjugated polyelectrolytes and the specific interaction of intercalating dyes with double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). The probe solution contains a cationic, conjugated polymer (CCP), G-quadruplex labeled with a fluorescein at the 5'-terminus (G-quadruplex-Fl), and ethidium bromide (EB). The addition of a complementary target results in the transition from G-quadruplex to duplex (dsDNA-Fl) and EB intercalation within the duplex structure. Excitation of the CCP leads to energy transfer from CCP to dsDNA-Fl (FRET-1) and then energy transfer from dsDNA-Fl to EB (FRET-2). Increasing the number of mismatched bases discourages dsDNA formation, which is detected in the assay.
Vibronic Coupling in Organic Semiconductors: The Case of Fused Polycyclic Benzene–Thiophene Structures (2006)

The nature of vibronic coupling in fused polycyclic benzene-thiophene structures has been studied using an approach that combines high-resolution gas-phase photoelectron spectroscopy measurements with first-principles quantum-mechanical calculations. The results indicate that in general the electron-vibrational coupling is stronger than the hole-vibrational coupling. In acenedithiophenes, the main contributions to the hole-vibrational coupling arise from medium- and high-frequency vibrations. In thienobisbenzothiophenes, however, the interaction of holes with low-frequency vibrations becomes significant and is larger than the corresponding electron-vibrational interaction. This finding is in striking contrast with the characteristic pattern in oligoacenes and acenedithiophenes in which the low-frequency vibrations contribute substantially only to the electron-vibrational coupling. The impact of isomerism has been studied as well.
Synergistic IL-6 and IL-8 paracrine signalling pathway infers a strategy to inhibit tumour cell migration (2017)

Following uncontrolled proliferation, a subset of primary tumour cells acquires additional traits/mutations to trigger phenotypic changes that enhance migration and are hypothesized to be the initiators of metastasis. This study reveals an adaptive mechanism that harnesses synergistic paracrine signalling via IL-6/8, which is amplified by cell proliferation and cell density, to directly promote cell migration. This effect occurs in metastatic human sarcoma and carcinoma cells- but not in normal or non-metastatic cancer cells-, and likely involves the downstream signalling of WASF3 and Arp2/3. The transcriptional phenotype of high-density cells that emerges due to proliferation resembles that of low-density cells treated with a combination of IL-6/8. Simultaneous inhibition of IL-6/8 receptors decreases the expression of WASF3 and Arp2/3 in a mouse xenograft model and reduces metastasis. This study reveals a potential mechanism that promotes tumour cell migration and infers a strategy to decrease metastatic capacity of tumour cells.
PERFORMANCE GAIN OF SMART ANTENNAS WITH DIVERSITY COMBINING AT HANDSETS FOR THE 3GPP WCDMA SYSTEM (2001)

In this paper, we propose a dual smart antenna system incorporated into handsets for the 3GPP WCDMA system, in which a diversity combiner combines the two rake receiver outputs using a diversity combining scheme. We considered three diversity combining schemes, selection diversity, square law combining, and equal gain combining (EGC), and two types of the channel model for the dual antenna signals, loosely correlated fading channel model (LCFCM) and spatially correlated fading channel model (SCFCM). To obtain the channel profile, we adopted a geometrically based channel model known as GBSB (geometrically based single bounce) elliptical model in the simulation. The simulation results indicate that i) the EGC scheme performs the best among the three diversity combining schemes and ii) as expected, the higher performance gain is achieved under the LCFCM than the SCFCM. The simulation results under the two channel models are likely to be the lower and the upper bounds for the performance gain of the dual smart antenna system. Our simulation results indicate that a dual smart antenna system with diversity combining at handsets is beneficial for the 3GPP WCDMA system.
Malnutrition screening and diagnosis tools: Implications for practice (2021)

Despite the prevalence of protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM) in acute-care hospitals and long-term care centers, a national and global consensus on nutrition screening and malnutrition diagnosis is lacking. PCM is associated with various acute and chronic complications, such as impaired wound healing, increased risk for infection, debility, and increased risk for rehospitalization. The consequences of PCM are also incredibly costly to both the patient and the healthcare facility. The purpose of this paper is to identify nutrition screening tools and malnutrition diagnosis tools currently being utilized in acute-care healthcare centers across the United States.
Self-medication with pilocarpine among outpatients in a glaucoma clinic. (1980)

A recording medication monitor and fluorescein technique were used to study self-medication by 82 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma for whom pilocarpine eye drops 3 times a day had been prescribed. Of these patients 34 (41%) missed 6 or more doses during a 20-day period, and for 35 (43%) an 8-hour dose interval was exceeded at least 20% of the time. Consequences may include lack of effectiveness in preventing visual loss and unnecessary prescription of more potent, and more toxic, drugs.