gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of basic fibroblast growth factor in normal human tissues. (1990)

The distribution of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) was studied immunohistochemically in fresh frozen sections of normal human tissues. Immunodetection was performed with a specific anti-bFGF mouse monoclonal antibody that was found to react with recombinant human bFGF in Western blot analysis, and to specifically neutralize the mitogenic activity of bFGF on bovine vascular endothelial cells. Expression of bFGF on normal human tissues was ubiquitously detected in the basement membranes of all size blood vessels, but was not found in epidermal or epithelial basement membranes of a variety of tissues tested. Intensity and patterns of localization in blood vessels was consistent in various tissues, but varied among different regions of the vascular bed. Whereas homogeneous and intense immunoreactivity were observed in large and intermediate size blood vessels, heterogeneity of expression was found in capillaries. The most intense immunoreactivity was observed in branching capillaries. Endothelial cell staining was heterogeneous and varied in different regions. Strong staining for bFGF was also found in cardiac muscle fibers, smooth muscle cells of mid-size blood vessels, the gut and the myometrium, in central nervous system neurons and cerebellar Purkinje cells, and on epithelial cells of the bronchi, colon, endometrium, and sweat gland ducts of the skin. The presence of bFGF in the extracellular compartment of a diverse variety of organs may play a role in angiogenesis. However, the function of bFGF in parenchymal cells remains to be determined.
Scintillation Properties of Eu$^{2+}$-Activated Barium Fluoroiodide (2010)

The scintillation properties of powders and single-crystals of BaFI doped with Eu <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2+</sup> are presented. Single crystals were grown by the vertical Bridgman technique. Under optical and X-ray excitation, the samples exhibit a narrow Eu <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2+</sup> 5d-4f transition emission centered at 405 nm. The scintillation light output is estimated to be 55 0005 000 photons/MeV at 662 keV with 85% of the light decaying within 600 ns. An energy resolution of 8.5% full width at half maximum (FWHM) has been achieved using this scintillator for 662 keV excitation ( <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">137</sup> Cs source) at room temperature.
Manipulation of Rubisco: the amount, activity, function and regulation (2003)

Genetic modification to increase the specificity of Rubisco for CO(2) relative to O(2) and to increase the catalytic rate of Rubisco in crop plants would have great agronomic importance. The availability of three-dimensional structures of Rubisco at atomic resolution and the characterization of site-directed mutants have greatly enhanced the understanding of the catalytic mechanism of Rubisco. Considerable progress has been made in identifying natural variation in the catalytic properties of Rubisco from different species and in developing the tools for introducing both novel and foreign Rubisco genes into plants. The additional complexities of assembling copies of the two distinct polypeptide subunits of Rubisco into a functional holoenzyme in vivo (requiring sufficient expression, post-translational modification, interaction with chaperonins, and interaction with Rubisco activase) remain a major challenge. The consequences of changing the amount of Rubisco present in leaves have been investigated by the use of antisense constructs. The manipulation of genes encoding Rubisco activase has provided a means to investigate the regulation of Rubisco activity.
New Stent for Support of Veins in Arterial Grafts (1963)

Although synthetic plastic vascular prostheses have been successful in the replacement of damaged and diseased arteries, particularly those of large caliber, there remains a gap in their performance and that of the theoretically ideal prosthesis. The defects that illustrate this gap include the failure of acceptance of the prosthesis as a normal host tissue, ultimate disruption of suture lines, lack of "normal" intima, absence of elasticity and vascular rebound of the vessel wall, and most significant, eventual thrombosis of the graft, particularly in vessels of small caliber. The search for a more satisfactory prosthesis is in order because of the progressive change in clinical indications for blood vessel replacement. Resection of the aorta and its major branches with prosthesis replacement is largely successful; replacement of smaller arteries has a high incidence of failure even in the most competent hands. However, since clinical indications for replacement of small arteries have increased
Framework Based on Privacy Policy Hiding for Preventing Unauthorized Face Image Processing (2013)

We put forward a framework to address a problem created by the rapidly spreading use of imaging devices and related to involuntarily or unintentionally photographed individuals: their pictures can accumulate additional meta information via face recognition systems and can be manually tagged via social networks and publishing platforms. With this framework a user can express his/her picture privacy policy in a machine readable format and (to some extent) automatically enforce it. An easily understandable flag system is used to define restrictions on picture usage and link ability. This policy is encoded in an unobtrusive way into wardrobe patterns and accessory designs with almost no impact on apparel appearance or social interaction.
ACETALDEHYDE PRODUCTION AND METABOLISM BY HUMAN INDIGENOUS AND PROBIOTIC LACTOBACILLUS AND BIFIDOBACTERIUM STRAINS (2000)

Many human gastrointestinal facultative anaerobic and aerobic bacteria possess alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity and are therefore capable of oxidizing ethanol to acetaldehyde. We examined whether human gastrointestinal lactobacilli (three strains), bifidobacteria (five strains) and probiotic Lactobacillus GG ATCC 53103 are also able to metabolize ethanol and acetaldehyde in vitro. Acetaldehyde production by bacterial suspensions was determined by gas chromatography after a 1-h incubation with 22 mM ethanol. To determine the acetaldehyde consumption, the suspensions were incubated with 50 microM or 500 microM acetaldehyde as well as with 500 microM acetaldehyde and 22 mM ethanol, i.e. under conditions resembling those in the human colon after alcohol intake. The influence of growth media and bacterial concentration on the ability of lactobacilli to metabolize acetaldehyde and to produce acetate from acetaldehyde were determined. ADH and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activities were determined spectrophotometrically. Neither measurable ADH nor ALDH activities were found in aerobically grown Lactobacillus GG ATCC 53103 and Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 strains. All the lactobacilli and bifidobacteria strains revealed a very limited capacity to oxidize ethanol to acetaldehyde in vitro. Lactobacillus GG ATCC 53103 had the highest acetaldehyde-metabolizing capacity, which increased significantly with increasing bacterial concentrations. This was associated with a marked production of acetate from acetaldehyde. The type of the growth media had no effect on acetaldehyde consumption. Addition of ethanol to the incubation media diminished the acetaldehyde-metabolizing capacity of all strains. However, in the presence of ethanol, Lactobacillus GG ATCC 53103 still demonstrated the highest capacity for acetaldehyde metabolism of all strains. These data suggest a beneficial impact of Lactobacillus GG ATCC 53103 on high gastrointestinal acetaldehyde levels following alcohol intake. The possible clinical implications of this finding remain to be established in in vitro studies.
Comprehensive Identification of Human bZIP Interactions with Coiled-Coil Arrays (2003)

In eukaryotes, the combinatorial association of sequence-specific DNA binding proteins is essential for transcription. We have used protein arrays to test 492 pairings of a nearly complete set of coiled-coil strands from human basic-region leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors. We find considerable partnering selectivity despite the bZIPs' homologous sequences. The interaction data are of high quality, as assessed by their reproducibility, reciprocity, and agreement with previous observations. Biophysical studies in solution support the relative binding strengths observed with the arrays. New associations provide insights into the circadian clock and the unfolded protein response.
Reversal of Age-Related Alterations in Synaptic Plasticity by Blockade of L-Type Ca<sup>2+</sup>Channels (1998)

The role of L-type Ca2+ channels in the induction of synaptic plasticity in hippocampal slices of aged (22-24 months) and young adult (4-6 months) male Fischer 344 rats was investigated. Prolonged 1 Hz stimulation (900 pulses) of Schaffer collaterals, which normally depresses CA3/CA1 synaptic strength in aged rat slices, failed to induce long-term depression (LTD) during bath application of the L-channel antagonist nifedipine (10 microM). When 5 Hz stimulation (900 pulses) was used to modify synaptic strength, nifedipine facilitated synaptic enhancement in slices from aged, but not young, adult rats. This enhancement was pathway-specific, reversible, and impaired by the NMDA receptor (NMDAR) antagonist DL-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (AP5). Induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) in aged rats, using 100 Hz stimulation, occluded subsequent synaptic enhancement by 5 Hz stimulation, suggesting that nifedipine-facilitated enhancement shares mechanisms in common with conventional LTP. Facilitation of synaptic enhancement by nifedipine likely was attributable to a reduction ( approximately 30%) in the Ca2+-dependent K+-mediated afterhyperpolarization (AHP), because the K+ channel blocker apamin (1 microM) similarly reduced the AHP and promoted synaptic enhancement by 5 Hz stimulation. In contrast, apamin did not block LTD induction using 1 Hz stimulation, suggesting that, in aged rats, the AHP does not influence LTD and LTP induction in a similar way. The results indicate that, during aging, L-channels can (1) facilitate LTD induction during low rates of synaptic activity and (2) impair LTP induction during higher levels of synaptic activation via an increase in the Ca2+-dependent AHP.
Use of chlorinated benzyloxycarbonyl protecting groups to eliminate N.epsilon.-branching at lysine during solid-phase peptide synthesis (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUse of chlorinated benzyloxycarbonyl protecting groups to eliminate N.epsilon.-branching at lysine during solid-phase peptide synthesisBruce W. Erickson and R. B. MerrifieldCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95, 11, 3757–3763Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1973https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00792a047RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views786Altmetric-Citations72LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (929 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Red balloon, green balloon, sensors in the sky (2011)

Spectacle computing is a novel strategy for vibrantly projecting information into the public sphere using expressive and tangible media. We demonstrate an example of this computing meme with large, glowing balloons that change color based on input from attached air quality sensors (exhaust, diesel, or volatile organic compounds). In two public installations (city street and public park) and a deployment with six everyday citizens, we invited stakeholders to playfully explore and actively participate in visualizing surrounding air quality. We also created a do-it-yourself (DIY) kit that includes a printed circuit board, electronic parts and instructions for building the air quality balloons. In a workshop, six non-expert users successfully assembled functional balloons, validating our technology as a DIY tool for public air quality visualization. Our deployments and workshop highlight play and spectacle as essential elements for public participation and activism. We outline design guidelines for future spectacle computing projects that engage stakeholders with environmental data and empower them to transform urban landscapes.
Gene Expression Profiling of Human Sarcomas: Insights into Sarcoma Biology (2005)

Sarcomas are a biologically complex group of tumors of mesenchymal origin. By using gene expression microarray analysis, we aimed to find clues into the cellular differentiation and oncogenic pathways active in these tumors as well as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. We examined 181 tumors representing 16 classes of human bone and soft tissue sarcomas on a 12,601-feature cDNA microarray. Remarkably, 2,766 probes differentially expressed across this sample set clearly delineated the various tumor classes. Several genes of potential biological and therapeutic interest were associated with each sarcoma type, including specific tyrosine kinases, transcription factors, and homeobox genes. We also identified subgroups of tumors within the liposarcomas, leiomyosarcomas, and malignant fibrous histiocytomas. We found significant gene ontology correlates for each tumor group and identified similarity to normal tissues by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. Mutation analysis done on 275 tumor samples revealed that the high expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in certain tumors was not associated with gene mutations. Finally, to further the investigation of human sarcoma biology, we have created an online, publicly available, searchable database housing the data from the gene expression profiles of these tumors (http://watson.nhgri.nih.gov/sarcoma), allowing the user to interactively explore this data set in depth.
MicroRNA Signatures Associated with Cytogenetics and Outcome in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. (2006)

Abstract MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs of 19–25 nucleotides in length that are negative regulators of gene expression. Findings over the last few years indicate that microRNAs are involved in fundamental cellular process, including development and hematopoietic differentiation. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disorder that is characterized by proliferation of immature cells. Although there are well defined molecular subtypes of AML, the pathogenesis in the majority of cases is largely unknown. Focusing on known genes will not likely suffice to uncover the nature of the AML. The integration of a whole genome approach including non-coding RNA gene products may lead to an improve understanding of the biology of AML. Methods: To determine whether microRNAs are associated with known cytogenetic abnormalities and biological features in AML, we evaluated the microRNA expression profiles of 176 samples of adult AML with intermediate and poor risk cytogenetics and 10 CD34+ cells from healthy donors using a microarrays platform. After normalization, data were analyzed using significance analysis of microarrays and prediction analysis of microarrays software. An independent set of 28 patients with AML was used to validate the signatures using quantitative real time PCR. Treatment response was evaluated in 29 newly AML diagnosed patients 4 to 6 weeks after induction chemotherapy with idarubicin and cytarabine by bone marrow examination. Complete remission was defined as less than 5% blasts in the bone marrow. Otherwise it was categorized as resistant disease. Results: We found several microRNAs differentially expressed between CD34+ cells and all the AML samples. A subset of these microRNAs reflects the differentiation stage of the leukemias and correlate with the French-American-British classification of AML. Likewise, microRNAs are closely associated with the prevalent cytogenetic abnormalities. A common signature including the over expressed miR-20; miR-17, miR-25 and miR-191 are associated with short overall survival, while miR-29b is found down-regulated in patients with resistant disease. Furthermore, we proved experimentally that miR-29b regulates negatively MCL-1, a critical apoptosis regulator, which has been found up-regulated and associated with relapse and chemotherapy resistance in leukemia. Conclusions: MicroRNAs expression in AML is closely associated with differentiation stage, morphology and cytogenetics. A subset of MicroRNAs is correlated with survival and treatment response.
Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: AUA Guideline (2013)

As a direct result of the significant increase in FDA-approved therapeutic agents for use in patients with metastatic CRPC, clinicians are challenged with a multitude of treatment options and potential sequencing of these agents that, consequently, make clinical decision-making more complex. Given the rapidly evolving nature of this field, this guideline should be used in conjunction with recent systematic literature reviews and an understanding of the individual patient's treatment goals. In all cases, patients' preferences and personal goals should be considered when choosing management strategies.
Immobilization and Stabilization of Recombinant Multimeric Uridine and Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylases from<i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (2004)

We selected the PnpI/PupG (PNP) with specificity for ribo- and deoxyriboguanosine and ribo- and deoxyriboinosine and the Up/Pdp (UP) with specificity for uridine, thymidine, and deoxyuridine from the purine and pyrimidine salvage pathway of the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis. Then, an extensive study of the UP (uridine phosphorylase) and PNP (purine nucleoside phosphorylase) immobilization and stabilization was carried out: optimal UP preparation was achieved by immobilization onto Sepabeads coated with poly(ethyleneimine) and finally cross-linked with aldehyde dextran (UP-Sep-PEI-Dx); optimal immobilized PNP was prepared onto glyoxyl-agarose. Both derivatives were highly stable and active even under drastic experimental conditions (pH 10, 45 degrees C) unlike the free enzymes which were promptly inactivated. The derivatives prepared were successfully used in the synthesis of 2'-deoxyguanosine by enzymatic transglycosylation in aqueous solution between 2'-deoxyuridine and guanine.
Axonal protection using flecainide in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (2004)

Axonal degeneration is a major cause of permanent neurological deficit in multiple sclerosis (MS), but no current therapies for the disease are known to be effective at axonal protection. Here, we examine the ability of a sodium channel-blocking agent, flecainide, to reduce axonal degeneration in an experimental model of MS, chronic relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (CR-EAE). Rats with CR-EAE were treated with flecainide or vehicle from either 3 days before or 7 days after inoculation (dpi) until termination of the experiment at 28 to 30 dpi. Morphometric examination of neurofilament-labeled axons in the spinal cord of CR-EAE animals showed that both flecainide treatment regimens resulted in significantly higher numbers of axons surviving the disease (83 and 98% of normal) compared with controls (62% of normal). These findings indicate that flecainide and similar agents may provide a novel therapy aimed at axonal protection in MS and other neuroinflammatory disorders.
Targeted Inhibition of miRNA Maturation with Morpholinos Reveals a Role for miR-375 in Pancreatic Islet Development (2007)

Several vertebrate microRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in cellular processes such as muscle differentiation, synapse function, and insulin secretion. In addition, analysis of Dicer null mutants has shown that miRNAs play a role in tissue morphogenesis. Nonetheless, only a few loss-of-function phenotypes for individual miRNAs have been described to date. Here, we introduce a quick and versatile method to interfere with miRNA function during zebrafish embryonic development. Morpholino oligonucleotides targeting the mature miRNA or the miRNA precursor specifically and temporally knock down miRNAs. Morpholinos can block processing of the primary miRNA (pri-miRNA) or the pre-miRNA, and they can inhibit the activity of the mature miRNA. We used this strategy to knock down 13 miRNAs conserved between zebrafish and mammals. For most miRNAs, this does not result in visible defects, but knockdown of miR-375 causes defects in the morphology of the pancreatic islet. Although the islet is still intact at 24 hours postfertilization, in later stages the islet cells become scattered. This phenotype can be recapitulated by independent control morpholinos targeting other sequences in the miR-375 precursor, excluding off-target effects as cause of the phenotype. The aberrant formation of the endocrine pancreas, caused by miR-375 knockdown, is one of the first loss-of-function phenotypes for an individual miRNA in vertebrate development. The miRNA knockdown strategy presented here will be widely used to unravel miRNA function in zebrafish.
Magnetic tunnel junctions (2006)

Fueled by the ever-increasing demand for larger hard disk drive storage capacities, extensive research over the past decade has resulted in the development of AlOx- and TiOx-based magnetic tunnel junctions that exhibit a large magnetoresistive effect at room temperature. As their commercialization in various applications begins, a new type of magnetic tunnel junction with a crystalline MgO tunnel barrier has emerged that shows a much larger room-temperature magnetoresistive effect. We present a brief overview of the development of magnetic tunnel junctions, introducing the underlying physics. We also discuss two important commercial applications: read sensors in hard disk drives and memory elements in magnetoresistive random access memory. An emphasis is placed on the material aspects of magnetic tunnel junctions.
Parkinson Disease: Pattern of Functional MR Imaging Activation during Deep Brain Stimulation of Subthalamic Nucleus—Initial Experience (2006)

Therapeutically effective DBS of STN can be performed safely during functional MR imaging at 3 T and produces a consistent pattern of ipsilateral activation of deep brain motor structures.
A novel endothelial-derived anti-inflammatory activity significantly inhibits spontaneous choroidal neovascularisation in a mouse model (2016)

Medium conditioned by HAEC grown on collagen particles exhibits significant anti-inflammatory activity via inhibition of genes that mediate inflammatory responses in EC.