gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of constant administration of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist on reproductive activity in mares: induction of ovulation during seasonal anestrus. (1993)

The potential of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist (goserelin acetate), delivered constantly for 28 days via a subcutaneous depot, to induce ovulation in seasonally anestrous mares, was investigated. Two experiments were conducted, in which a range of doses (30 to 240 micrograms/mare/d) was examined. Mares were selected on the basis of lack of substantial follicular development (follicle diameter < 20 mm determined ultrasonically) and low serum concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) and progesterone. Constant administration of the GnRH agonist-induced ovulation in anestrous mares, but a dose-response relation was not observed. Furthermore, with identical doses tested in consecutive or alternate years, considerable variation was observed in the ovulatory response. In general, ovulation in all treated mares was accompanied by increased circulating concentrations of LH and a decrease in follicle-stimulating hormone values. Ovulation was preceded by an increase in estradiol and LH concentrations. In mares in which ovulation did not occur, concentration of LH increased during agonist treatment, whereas that of follicle-stimulating hormone either increased or did not change. It was concluded that constant administration of GnRH agonists may induce ovulation in mares during seasonal anestrus; however, percentage of mares ovulating and the lack of reproducibility of effect indicate that this approach is inappropriate for use as a reliable method to manipulate breeding activity in commercial broodmares.
Adenoviral Transduction of Mesenchymal Stem Cells: In Vitro Responses and In Vivo Immune Responses after Cell Transplantation (2012)

Adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are non-hematopoietic cells with multi-lineage potential which makes them attractive targets for regenerative medicine applications. However, to date, therapeutic success of MSC-therapy is limited and the genetic modification of MSCs using viral vectors is one option to improve their therapeutic potential. Ex-vivo genetic modification of MSCs using recombinant adenovirus (Ad) could be promising to reduce undesired immune responses as Ad will be removed before cell/tissue transplantation. In this regard, we investigated whether Ad-modification of MSCs alters their immunological properties in vitro and in vivo. We found that Ad-transduction of MSCs does not lead to up-regulation of major histocompatibility complex class I and II and co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86. Moreover, Ad-transduction caused no significant changes in terms of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, chemokine and chemokine receptor and Toll-like receptor expression. In addition, Ad-modification of MSCs had no affect on their ability to suppress T cell proliferation in vitro. In vivo injection of Ad-transduced MSCs did not change the frequency of various immune cell populations (antigen presenting cells, T helper and cytotoxic T cells, natural killer and natural killer T cells) neither in the blood nor in tissues. Our results indicate that Ad-modification has no major influence on the immunological properties of MSCs and therefore can be considered as a suitable gene vector for therapeutic applications of MSCs.
[Study of the relative recovery of sinomenine microdialysis system and it's influential factor]. (2005)

The RR isn't affected by sinomenine concentration as the flow rate is same. The flow rate has notable effect on RR as the sinomenine concentration is same. The RR of every probe should be assayed. We can take RL as RR to do in-vivo study.
Loss of NKX3.1 expression in human prostate cancers correlates with tumor progression. (2000)

NKX3.1 is a prostate-specific homeobox gene located on chromosome 8p21. In the mouse, Nkx3.1 has growth-suppressive and differentiating effects on prostatic epithelium. Mutations of the coding region of NKX3.1 were not found in human prostate cancer, failing to support the notion that NKX3.1 was a tumor suppressor gene. To study the expression o NKX3.1 protein in human tissues and prostate cancer, we derived a rabbit antiserum against purified recombinant NKX3.1. Among normal human tissues, NKX3.1 expression was seen in testis, in rare pulmonary mucous glands, and in isolated regions of transitional epithelium of the ureter. NKX3.1 was uniformly expressed in nuclei of normal prostate epithelial cells in 61 histological sections from radical prostatectomy specimens. We analyzed 507 samples of neoplastic prostate epithelium, most of which were contained on a tissue microarray that contained samples from different stages of prostatic neoplasia. We observed complete loss of NKX3.1 expression in 5% of benign prostatic hyperplasias, 20% of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasias, 6% of T1a/b samples, 22% of T3/4 samples, 34% of hormone-refractory prostate cancers, and 78% of metastases. Our data show that NKX3.1 expression is highly, but not exclusively, specific for the prostate. Loss of NKX3.1 expression is strongly associated with hormone-refractory disease and advanced tumor stage in prostate cancer (P < 0.0001).
Clinical trials of N-acetylcysteine in psychiatry and neurology: A systematic review (2015)

N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is recognized for its role in acetaminophen overdose and as a mucolytic. Over the past decade, there has been growing evidence for the use of NAC in treating psychiatric and neurological disorders, considering its role in attenuating pathophysiological processes associated with these disorders, including oxidative stress, apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation and glutamate and dopamine dysregulation. In this systematic review we find favorable evidence for the use of NAC in several psychiatric and neurological disorders, particularly autism, Alzheimer's disease, cocaine and cannabis addiction, bipolar disorder, depression, trichotillomania, nail biting, skin picking, obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, drug-induced neuropathy and progressive myoclonic epilepsy. Disorders such as anxiety, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and mild traumatic brain injury have preliminary evidence and require larger confirmatory studies while current evidence does not support the use of NAC in gambling, methamphetamine and nicotine addictions and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Overall, NAC treatment appears to be safe and tolerable. Further well designed, larger controlled trials are needed for specific psychiatric and neurological disorders where the evidence is favorable.
Photoresists with Reduced Environmental Impact:  Water-Soluble Resists Based on Photo-Cross-Linking of a Sugar-Containing Polymethacrylate (1998)

A family of water-soluble, negative-tone, high-resolution, chemically amplified photoresists based on partially or fully deprotected poly(1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-3-O-methacryloyl-α-d-glucofuranose) is described. Both the molecular weight of the parent ketal-protected polymer and the extent of its deprotection to a water-soluble polymer containing 3-O-methacryloyl-d-glucopyranose repeat units must be carefully controlled to provide good coating and imaging properties. The two ketal protecting groups of the poly(1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-α-d-glucofuranose) have different reactivity, and their complete removal requires long reaction times under hydrolytic conditions. The detailed deprotection chemistry of the polymer is readily understood through model studies with the fully and partially protected analogues of the polymer pendant groups: 1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-α-d-glucofuranose and 1,2-isopropylidene-α-d-glucopyranose. When combined with a water-soluble photochemical precursor of acid such as (4-methoxyphenyl)dimethylsulfonium trifluoromethanesulfonate, films of the deprotected or partially deprotected poly(1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-3-O-methacryloyl-α-d-glucofuranose) undergo acid-catalyzed cross-linking. The enhanced performance of the partially deprotected polymers over that of poly(3-O-methacryloyl-d-glucopyranose) suggests that the presence of remaining hydrophobic groups that afford water dispersibility rather than full solubility may be key to their performance. Imaged negative-tone features as small as 0.2 μm are obtained with these materials that have sensitivities of ca. 30 mJ/cm2 with wholly aqueous casting and processing.
Geometry-based Mapping and Rendering of Vector Data over LOD Phototextured 3D Terrain Models (2006)

Interactive three-dimensional (3D) visualization of very large-scale grid digital elevation models coupled with&#13;\ncorresponding high-resolution remote-sensing phototexture images is a hard problem. The graphics load must be&#13;\ncontrolled by an adaptive view-dependent surface triangulation and by taking advantage of different levels of&#13;\ndetail (LODs) using multiresolution modeling of terrain geometry. Furthermore, the display of vector data over&#13;\nthe level of detail terrain models is a challenging task. In this case, rendering artifacts are likely to occur until&#13;\nvector data is mapped consistently and exactly to the current level-of-detail of terrain geometry. In our prior&#13;\nwork, we have developed a view-dependent dynamic block-based LOD mesh simplification scheme and out-ofcore&#13;\nmanagement of large terrain data for real-time rendering on desktop PCs. In this paper, we have proposed a&#13;\nnew rendering algorithm for the combined display of multiresolution 3D terrain and polyline vector data&#13;\nrepresenting the geographical entities such as roads, state or country boundaries etc. Our algorithm for&#13;\nmultiresolution modeling of vector data allows the system to adapt the visual mapping without rendering&#13;\nartifacts to the context and the user needs while maintaining interactive frame rates. The algorithms have been&#13;\nimplemented using Visual C++ and OpenGL 3D API and successfully tested on different real-world terrain&#13;\nraster and vector data sets.
Noise spectra of digital sine-generators using the table-lookup method (1983)

The table-lookup method is a convenient and very flexible way to generate high-quality sinusoidal test signals for measurements in psychoacoustics, speech perception, etc. Exact spectra of such signals, which are of great interest in experiments, are derived, and the relation between spectral shape, table length, and sine frequency is shown.
RITUAL: a performance driven placement algorithm for small cell ICs (2002)

An efficient algorithm, RITUAL (residual iterative technique for updating all Lagrange multipliers), for obtaining a placement of cell-based ICs subject to performance constraints is described. Using sophisticated mathematical techniques, one is able to solve large problems quickly and effectively. The algorithm is very simple and elegant, making it easy to implement. In addition, it yields very good results, as is shown on a set of real examples. The algorithm was tested on the ISCAS set of logic benchmark examples using parameters for 1 mu m CMOS technology. On average , there is a 25% improvement in the wire delay for these examples compared to TimberWolf-5.6 with a small impact on the chip area.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Correlated Anomaly Detection from Large Streaming Data (2018)

Correlated anomaly detection (CAD) from streaming data is a type of group anomaly detection and an essential task in useful real-time data mining applications like botnet detection, financial event detection, industrial process monitor, etc. The primary approach for this type of detection in previous researches is based on principal score (PS) of divided batches or sliding windows by computing top eigenvalues of the correlation matrix, e.g. the Lanczos algorithm. However, this paper brings up the phenomenon of principal score degeneration for large data set, and then mathematically and practically prove current PS-based methods are likely to fail for CAD on large-scale streaming data even if the number of correlated anomalies grows with the data size at a reasonable rate; in reality, anomalies tend to be the minority of the data, and this issue can be more serious. We propose a framework with two novel randomized algorithms rPS and gPS for better detection of correlated anomalies from large streaming data of various correlation strength. The experiment shows high and balanced recall and estimated accuracy of our framework for anomaly detection from a large server log data set and a U.S. stock daily price data set in comparison to direct principal score evaluation and some other recent group anomaly detection algorithms. Moreover, our techniques significantly improve the computation efficiency and scalability for principal score calculation.
Role of Interferon-Stimulated Gene ISG-15 in the Interferon-ω-Mediated Inhibition of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Replication (1996)

Interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) inhibits human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication in vivo and in vitro. In this study, we show that IFN-omega (IFN-omega) is also a potent inhibitor of HIV replication in vitro and that both laboratory and primary isolates of HIV-1 are more sensitive to IFN-omega than to IFN-alpha 2. Like IFN-alpha 2, IFN-omega inhibited proviral synthesis in acutely infected cells, but in contrast to IFN-alpha 2, IFN-omega did not alter the levels of HIV-1 unspliced messages. Yet, inhibition of HIV protein synthesis was greater in IFN-omega-treated than in IFN-alpha 2-treated cells. Whereas expression of IFN-stimulated genes was transient in IFN-alpha 2-treated cells, their expression was sustained in IFN-omega-treated cells. Expression of ISG-15 in particular was higher on treatment with IFN-omega than with IFN-alpha 2. Overexpression of ISG-15 in IFN-alpha 2-treated cells mimicked the effects of IFN-omega. In untreated cells, it resulted in the trapping of HIV unspliced RNA in the nucleus and a decrease in cytoplasmic HIV transcripts and HIV protein synthesis. These findings suggest that the sustained induction of IFN-stimulated genes by IFN-omega and that of ISG-15 in particular may confer a higher therapeutic index to IFN-omega in controlling HIV infection.
Gas-turbine condition monitoring using qualitative model-based diagnosis (1997)

Gas turbines are critical to the operation of most industrial plants, and their associated maintenance costs can be extremely high. To reduce those costs and increase the availability of their gas turbines, plant operators have for many years relied on routine preventative maintenance-routinely checking and solving small problems before they grow into major ones. Recently, however, the power industry has moved sharply toward condition-based maintenance and monitoring. In this approach, intelligent computerized systems monitor gas turbines to establish maintenance needs based on the turbine's condition rather than on a fixed number of operating hours. By integrating several AI technologies-including qualitative model-based reasoning-the Tiger system significantly cuts costs and improves performance by using control-system information to perform condition monitoring for gas-turbine engines.
The use of electrical stimulation to enhance spinal fusion (2002)

The goal of spinal arthrodesis is a solid osseous union across one or more spinal segments. A solid bone union after arthrodesis is commonly known as a spinal fusion. Surgeons have begun to understand the biomechanical and biological factors that influence the bone-healing process. One of the most commonly used adjuncts is spinal instrumentation. Instrumentation has increased the spinal fusion rate; however, fusion failure (that is, nonunion or pseudarthrosis) remains significant. A less commonly used adjunct is electrical stimulation (ES). Investigators in experimental studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of ES on increasing the fusion rate. In this review the authors discuss the evidence concerning the benefits of ES as an adjunct to spinal arthrodesis. In addition, the different types of ES devices are described along with the current experimental and clinical evidence for each type of device.
Prebiotic concept for infant nutrition (2003)

In the neonatal period, the intestine is colonised in a stepwise process that depends on mode of delivery, environmental factors, bacterial interactions, and the host itself resulting in a colonisation with a complex heterogeneous bacterial flora. Oligosaccharides have been identified as an important prebiotic factor of human milk As long as analogues of human milk oligosaccharides are not available now and in the near future it is aimed to resemble the prebiotic effect of human milk by oligosaccharides from available sources. In the present study in preterm infants, a mixture of 90% galacto-oligosaccharides and 10% fructo-oligosaccharides has been tested. The mixture of GOS/FOS was composed to mimic the molecule size distribution of human milk oligosaccharides. Microbiological analysis of the faces was performed before and 7, 14, and 28 days after start of supplementation and stool characteristics have been recorded. Maltodextrin was used as placebo and infants fed human milk have been used as reference. After a 28 days feeding period, the number of bifidobacteria of the group fed the oligosaccharide supplemented formula was in the upper range of the reference group whereas the numbers of the group fed the formula supplemented with the placebo were in the lower range of the reference group (placebo: 7.9 ± 0.83 and GOS/FOS mixture: 10,0 ± 2.05 log 10 CFU/g wet stool; reference (M ± SD): 7.14-10.7 log 10 CFU/g wet stool). Stool characteristics in the group fed the supplemented formula were close to those found in the human milk fed infants. In summary, supplementation of a preterm formula with a mixture of galacto- and fructo-oligosaccharides has a stimulating effect on the growth of bifidobacteria in the intestine and results in more frequent produced and softer stools. Thus, prebiotic mixtures such like the studied oligosaccharide mixture might help in improving intestinal tolerance to enteral feeding in preterm infants.
Differential expression of ganglioside GD3 by human leukocytes and leukemia cells. (1984)

Gangliosides from normal leukocytes and the cells of 25 patients with acute and chronic leukemia were tested for the presence of the disialoganglioside II3-alpha-N-acetylneuraminosyl-alpha 2----8-N-acetylneuraminosyllactosylceramide (GD3). GD3 was detected by immunostaining thin-layer chromatographs with an anti-GD3 monoclonal antibody (AbR24). Among the myeloid cells tested, acute leukemia cells were positive for GD3, whereas chronic leukemia cells and normal neutrophils did not have detectable GD3. A range of GD3 reactivity was apparent within the acute myeloid leukemia cells; gangliosides from pure myeloid leukemia cells stained more intensely than those from leukemia cells with monocytic characteristics. All lymphocytic leukemia cells (chronic and acute) contained GD3, but this ganglioside could not be detected in extracts from normal lymphocytes. A ganglioside extract from the cells of a patient with hairy cell leukemia was also positive for GD3 immunostaining. These results demonstrate that normal leukocytes and chronic myelogenous leukemia cells are distinguished from other lymphoid and nonlymphoid leukemia cells on the basis of GD3 ganglioside expression.
Localisation of human osteosarcoma by antitumour monoclonal antibody (1983)

Immunoscintigraphy using radioisotope-labelled monoclonal antibody prepared against osteosarcoma 791T cells was used to detect a primary osteosarcoma. The eight-centimetre tumour was detected using rectilinear scintigraphy of 131I-labelled antibodies. Image enhancement was achieved by subtraction of blood-pool radioactivity labelled with technetium-99m. The ratio of tumour to non-tumour uptake of radioactivity (5:1) suggested that antibody targeting of therapeutic agents is feasible.
Gene therapy augments the efficacy of hematopoietic cell transplantation and fully corrects mucopolysaccharidosis type I phenotype in the mouse model (2010)

Type I mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS I) is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by the deficiency of α-L-iduronidase, which results in glycosaminoglycan accumulation in tissues. Clinical manifestations include skeletal dysplasia, joint stiffness, visual and auditory defects, cardiac insufficiency, hepatosplenomegaly, and mental retardation (the last being present exclusively in the severe Hurler variant). The available treatments, enzyme-replacement therapy and hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation, can ameliorate most disease manifestations, but their outcome on skeletal and brain disease could be further improved. We demonstrate here that HSC gene therapy, based on lentiviral vectors, completely corrects disease manifestations in the mouse model. Of note, the therapeutic benefit provided by gene therapy on critical MPS I manifestations, such as neurologic and skeletal disease, greatly exceeds that exerted by HSC transplantation, the standard of care treatment for Hurler patients. Interestingly, therapeutic efficacy of HSC gene therapy is strictly dependent on the achievement of supranormal enzyme activity in the hematopoietic system of transplanted mice, which allows enzyme delivery to the brain and skeleton for disease correction. Overall, our data provide evidence of an efficacious treatment for MPS I Hurler patients, warranting future development toward clinical testing.
Comparative genomics of <i>Ceriporiopsis subvermispora</i> and <i>Phanerochaete chrysosporium</i> provide insight into selective ligninolysis (2012)

Efficient lignin depolymerization is unique to the wood decay basidiomycetes, collectively referred to as white rot fungi. Phanerochaete chrysosporium simultaneously degrades lignin and cellulose, whereas the closely related species, Ceriporiopsis subvermispora, also depolymerizes lignin but may do so with relatively little cellulose degradation. To investigate the basis for selective ligninolysis, we conducted comparative genome analysis of C. subvermispora and P. chrysosporium. Genes encoding manganese peroxidase numbered 13 and five in C. subvermispora and P. chrysosporium, respectively. In addition, the C. subvermispora genome contains at least seven genes predicted to encode laccases, whereas the P. chrysosporium genome contains none. We also observed expansion of the number of C. subvermispora desaturase-encoding genes putatively involved in lipid metabolism. Microarray-based transcriptome analysis showed substantial up-regulation of several desaturase and MnP genes in wood-containing medium. MS identified MnP proteins in C. subvermispora culture filtrates, but none in P. chrysosporium cultures. These results support the importance of MnP and a lignin degradation mechanism whereby cleavage of the dominant nonphenolic structures is mediated by lipid peroxidation products. Two C. subvermispora genes were predicted to encode peroxidases structurally similar to P. chrysosporium lignin peroxidase and, following heterologous expression in Escherichia coli, the enzymes were shown to oxidize high redox potential substrates, but not Mn(2+). Apart from oxidative lignin degradation, we also examined cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic systems in both fungi. In summary, the C. subvermispora genetic inventory and expression patterns exhibit increased oxidoreductase potential and diminished cellulolytic capability relative to P. chrysosporium.