gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Total plasma homocysteine and cardiovascular risk profile. The Hordaland Homocysteine Study (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To estimate the relations between established cardiovascular risk factors and total homocysteine (tHcy) in plasma. <h3>Design.</h3> —Health examination survey by the Norwegian Health Screening Service in 1992 and 1993. <h3>Setting.</h3> —General community, Hordaland County of Western Norway. <h3>Participants.</h3> —A total of 7591 men and 8585 women, 40 to 67 years of age, with no history of hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, or cerebrovascular disease were included. <h3>Main Outcome Measure.</h3> —Plasma tHcy level. <h3>Results.</h3> —The level of plasma tHcy was higher in men than in women and increased with age. In subjects 40 to 42 years old, geometric means were 10.8 μmol/L for 5918 men and 9.1 μmol/L for 6348 women. At age 65 to 67 years, the corresponding tHcy values were 12.3 μmol/L (1386 men) and 11.0 μmol/L (1932 women). Plasma tHcy level increased markedly with the daily number of cigarettes smoked in all age groups. Its relation to smoking was particularly strong in women. The combined effect of age, sex, and smoking was striking. Heavy-smoking men aged 65 to 67 years had a mean tHcy level 4.8 μmol/L higher than never-smoking women aged 40 to 42 years. Plasma tHcy level also was positively related to total cholesterol level, blood pressure, and heart rate and inversely related to physical activity. The relations were not substantially changed by multivariate adjustment, including intake of vitamin supplements, fruits, and vegetables. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Elevated plasma tHcy level was associated with major components of the cardiovascular risk profile, ie, male sex, old age, smoking, high blood pressure, elevated cholesterol level, and lack of exercise. These findings should influence future studies on the etiology and pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;274:1526-1533)
GeneMark: web software for gene finding in prokaryotes, eukaryotes and viruses (2005)

The task of gene identification frequently confronting researchers working with both novel and well studied genomes can be conveniently and reliably solved with the help of the GeneMark web software (http://opal.biology.gatech.edu/GeneMark/). The website provides interfaces to the GeneMark family of programs designed and tuned for gene prediction in prokaryotic, eukaryotic and viral genomic sequences. Currently, the server allows the analysis of nearly 200 prokaryotic and >10 eukaryotic genomes using species-specific versions of the software and pre-computed gene models. In addition, genes in prokaryotic sequences from novel genomes can be identified using models derived on the spot upon sequence submission, either by a relatively simple heuristic approach or by the full-fledged self-training program GeneMarkS. A database of reannotations of >1000 viral genomes by the GeneMarkS program is also available from the web site. The GeneMark website is frequently updated to provide the latest versions of the software and gene models.
Evidence for functional role of εPKC isozyme in the regulation of cardiac Ca<sup>2+</sup>channels (2000)

Investigation of the role of individual protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes in the regulation of Na(+) channels has been largely limited by the lack of isozyme-selective modulators. Here we used a novel peptide-specific activator (epsilonV1-7) of epsilonPKC and other peptide isozyme-specific inhibitors in addition to the general PKC activator phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) to dissect the role of individual PKCs in the regulation of the human cardiac Na(+) channel hH1, heterologously expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Peptides were injected individually or in combination into the oocyte. Whole cell Na(+) current (I(Na)) was recorded using two-electrode voltage clamp. epsilonV1-7 (100 nM) and PMA (100 nM) inhibited I(Na) by 31 +/- 5% and 44 +/- 8% (at -20 mV), respectively. These effects were not seen with the scrambled peptide for epsilonV1-7 (100 nM) or the PMA analog 4alpha-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate (100 nM). However, epsilonV1-7- and PMA-induced I(Na) inhibition was abolished by epsilonV1-2, a peptide-specific antagonist of epsilonPKC. Furthermore, PMA-induced I(Na) inhibition was not altered by 100 nM peptide-specific inhibitors for alpha-, beta-, delta-, or etaPKC. PMA and epsilonV1-7 induced translocation of epsilonPKC from soluble to particulate fraction in Xenopus oocytes. This translocation was antagonized by epsilonV1-2. In native rat ventricular myocytes, PMA and epsilonV1-7 also inhibited I(Na); this inhibition was antagonized by epsilonV1-2. In conclusion, the results provide evidence for selective regulation of cardiac Na(+) channels by epsilonPKC isozyme.
Injection molded microfluidic chips featuring integrated interconnects (2006)

An injection molding process for the fabrication of disposable plastic microfluidic chips with a cycle time of 2 min has been designed, developed, and implemented. Of the sixteen commercially available grades of cyclo-olefin copolymer (COC) that were screened for autofluorescence and transparency to ultraviolet (UV) light, Topas 8007 x 10 was identified as the most suitable for production. A robust solid metal mold insert defining the microfluidic channels was rapidly microfabricated using a process that significantly reduces the time required for electroplating. No wear of the insert was observed even after over 1000 cycles. The chips were bonded by thermal fusion using different bonding conditions. Each condition was tested and its suitability evaluated by burst pressure measurements. The COC microfluidic chips feature novel, integrated, reversible, standardized, ready-to-use interconnects that enable operation at pressures up to 15.6 MPa, the highest value reported to date. The suitability of these UV transparent, high pressure-resistant, disposable devices was demonstrated by in situ preparation of a high surface area porous polymer monolith within the channels.
Degradative Effects of Guayule Resin on Natural Rubber (1981)

Abstract This study indicates that the degradative effects of guayule resin on natural rubber are due to the presence of unsaturated fatty acids in the resin. Since linoleic acid is, by far, the most abundant unsaturated fatty acid in guayule resin, it appears that linoleic acid is primarily responsible for the degradative effects of guayule resin on natural rubber. A possible mechanism to explain the acceleration of natural rubber degradation caused by linoleic acid can be developed by fitting linoleic acid into the Bolland oxidation mechanism for hydrocarbon polymers.
Enema TC: técnica y aplicaciones en el cáncer colorrectal (2007)

El enema- TC es una tecnica radiologica convencional en la que mediante una tomografia computerizada (TC) se obtienen secciones finas del colon distendido con aire o agua, mas la inyeccion de un bolo de contraste yodado, lo cual nos mejora notablemente la visualizacion de la zona tumoral.
Las ventajas que el enema -tc presenta ante otras tecnicas de estudio del colon, es que es de facil aplicacion. El doble contraste que aporta la tecnica de tc con el enema de agua o aire mas el contraste yodado, nos proporciona una buena imagen de la pared del colon, posibilitando el analisis del crecimiento local de sus tumores. 
Siendo por lo tanto una tecnica radio logica de facil manejo disponiendo de un tomografo computadorizado y un material fungible disponible en cualquier centro hospitalario.
Specifications of Nanoscale Devices and Circuits for Neuromorphic Computational Systems (2012)

The goal of neuromorphic engineering is to build electronic systems that mimic the ability of the brain to perform fuzzy, fault-tolerant, and stochastic computation, without sacrificing either its space or power efficiency. In this paper, we determine the operating characteristics of novel nanoscale devices that could be used to fabricate such systems. We also compare the performance metrics of a million neuron learning system based on these nanoscale devices with an equivalent implementation that is entirely based on end-of-scaling digital CMOS technology and determine the technology targets to be satisfied by these new devices. We show that neuromorphic systems based on new nanoscale devices can potentially improve density and power consumption by at least a factor of 10, as compared with conventional CMOS implementations.
Optical-inertial tracking of an input device for real-time robot control (2016)

Minimally invasive robotic surgery systems are usually controlled by input devices, that are mechanically linked to the environment. These input devices often have a limited workspace, which makes intuitive operation difficult. This paper presents a tracking algorithm of a handheld input device, which combines inertial and optical measurements to obtain accurate and robust state estimates with high update rates and low latency. It is based on the fusion of inertial and optical data in an error state extended Kalman filter. To achieve a high degree of robustness with respect to partial device occlusions, active optical markers are tracked and their 2D positions in the camera planes are directly forwarded to the fusion process. The algorithm can handle partial occlusions of the device in one or all of the cameras. A quality measure is defined, which indicates if tracking performance is sufficient to control a robot. An exemplary task in a medical robotics context verifies the assumption that the tracking system can be used for real-time robot control despite frequent marker occlusions.
Photonic sampler for 1550-nm signals (1995)

A device that extracts a sample of configurable length from a 1550-nm communication signal under the command of a pulsed light beam is presented. The device is realized by means of two CdTe:In optical switches; it has 10-ns rise and fall times and a sampling window of the duration of a microsecond. The photonic sampler is fully transparent to the optical communication signals in the third window.
A System for Video Surveillance and Monitoring CMU VSAM Final Report (1999)

Under the three-year Video Surveillance and Monitoring (VSAM) project, the Robotics Institute at Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) and the Sarnoff Corporation have developed a system for autonomous Video Surveillance and Monitoring. The technical approach uses multiple, cooperative video sensors to provide continuous coverage of people and vehicles in a cluttered environment. This final report presents an overview of the system, and of the technical accomplishments that have been achieved. Details can be found in a set of previously published papers that together comprise Appendix A.
Correction: Integration of Transcriptome, Proteome and Metabolism Data Reveals the Alkaloids Biosynthesis in Macleaya cordata and Macleaya microcarpa (2013)

Background: The Macleaya spp., including Macleaya cordata and Macleaya microcarpa, are traditional anti-virus, inflammation eliminating, and insecticide herb medicines for their isoquinoline alkaloids. They are also known as the basis of the popular natural animal food addictive in Europe. However, few studies especially at genomics level were conducted on them. Hence, we performed the Macleaya spp. transcriptome and integrated it with iTRAQ proteome analysis in order to identify potential genes involved in alkaloids biosynthesis.
The Autonomous RCP Valve - New Technology for Inflow Control In Horizontal Wells (2011)

Abstract Horizontal wells with one or more branches have been used to maximize reservoir contact by Statoil and other oil companies for more than a decade. Frictional pressure drop and variation in permeability and mobility will naturally lead to non-uniform inflow profile along a well. Eventually, this will result in gas and/or water breakthrough, which may reduce the well performance and recovery significantly. The breakthrough typically occurs in the heal region of the well and in regions with high reservoir permeability. Inflow Control devices (ICDs) are flow resistance elements installed along the producing zone of a well to counteract the non-uniform inflow, hence improving the well performance. The technology is regarded as standard technology by the industry and classified as passive inflow control, since the geometry of the devices is fixed or preset prior to installation. Passive inflow control is applied to delay the unwanted gas/water breakthrough. However, once occurred, conventional inflow control will not reduce or stop the breakthrough. Statoil's new autonomous inflow control device (AICD) is an active flow resistance element distributed along the well, similar to conventional passive ICDs. Statoil's AICD will, in addition to delay the breakthrough, reduce the proportions of the breakthrough. The AICD will impose a relatively strong choking for low-viscous fluids and only minor choking for viscous oil. This is due to autonomous changes in the flow area internally in the AICD. With this technology the well performance and production can be higher after a breakthrough compared to conventional inflow control. Statoil's AICD technology is piloted in two wells at two different fields in the North Sea. Each well is completed with 1-4 AICDs per screen joint, typically 200-400 per well. The AICD operates without need for human interventions and electric or hydraulic power. Well tests have shown that Statoil's AICD technology reduces the inflow of gas into the well from a reservoir containing light oil. Due to the restriction of the gas inflow, the drawdown can be kept high after breakthrough to allow significant oil production from the remaining oil zones in the well. Likewise, in a pilot well in a reservoir containing heavy oil, well tests have shown that Statoil's AICD technology reduces the inflow of gas into the well and preliminary evaluations indicate that even water inflow is reduced. Thus the drawdown can be kept high allowing high production from the remaining oil zones.
Lasing characteristics of GaN-based photonic crystal surface-emitting lasers (2009)

We successfully demonstrated and analyzed the characteristics of GaN-based photonic-crystal surface emitting lasers at room temperature at different band edges (Gamma, K, and M), showing specific thresholds and polarization angles.
Determination of three-dimensional structures of proteins in solution by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1987)

Journal Article Determination of three-dimensional structures of proteins in solution by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Get access G.Marius Clore, G.Marius Clore Max-Planck Institut für BiochemieD-8033 Martinsried bei München, FRG Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Angela M. Gronenborn Angela M. Gronenborn Max-Planck Institut für BiochemieD-8033 Martinsried bei München, FRG Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Protein Engineering, Design and Selection, Volume 1, Issue 4, August 1987, Pages 275–288, https://doi.org/10.1093/protein/1.4.275 Published: 01 August 1987
Performance assessment of multiobjective optimizers: an analysis and review (2003)

An important issue in multiobjective optimization is the quantitative comparison of the performance of different algorithms. In the case of multiobjective evolutionary algorithms, the outcome is usually an approximation of the Pareto-optimal set, which is denoted as an approximation set, and therefore the question arises of how to evaluate the quality of approximation sets. Most popular are methods that assign each approximation set a vector of real numbers that reflect different aspects of the quality. Sometimes, pairs of approximation sets are also considered. In this study, we provide a rigorous analysis of the limitations underlying this type of quality assessment. To this end, a mathematical framework is developed which allows one to classify and discuss existing techniques.
Comparison of the Protective Effect of ICRF-187 and Structurally Related Analogues Against Acute Daunorubicin Toxicity in Syrian Golden Hamsters (1985)

Comparisons were made of the protective activity of ICRF-187 and a series of related bis-dioxopiperazine analogues against acute daunorubicin toxicity in Syrian golden hamsters. A single dose of daunorubicin (25 mg/kg) caused a marked decrease in body weight and was lethal to 84% of the animals within 1 to 4 weeks. Pretreatment with ICRF-187, the d-isomer of ICRF-159, ameliorated the lethal effects of daunorubicin. Over 70% of the animals given 50 to 200 mg of ICRF-187 before daunorubicin were alive at 8 weeks. Similar results were obtained with ICRF-186, the 1-isomer of ICRF-159, indicating that the protective activity is not stereospecific. Eighteen other analogues were also evaluated for protective activity; only bimolane, a central chain desmethyl analogue of ICRF-187 with N-morpholinomethyl substituents in each dioxopiperazine ring, was as effective as ICRF-187 in reducing the mortality of daunorubicin. The role of the N-morpholinomethyl groups in the biological activity of bimolane needs further study since ICRF-154, a similar compound without these substituents, exerted only minimal protective activity. Protection against daunorubicin lethality was minimal or absent when hamsters were pretreated with various doses of ICRF analogues in which slight changes had been made in dioxopiperazine rings (ICRF-158, ICRF-198) or in the central chain (ICRF-161, ICRF-192, ICRF-193, ICRF-197, ICRF-198, and ICRF-202). Similarly, animals pretreated with a number of conformationally constrained cyclopropane analogues of bis-dioxopiperazine compounds before receiving daunorubicin died at the same rates as those given only daunorubicin. These results confirm the effectiveness of ICRF-187 against daunorubicin toxicity and indicate that very little alteration can occur in the basic structure of ICRF-187 without loss of this protective activity.
Coexpression of the stem cell factor and the c-kit genes in small-cell lung cancer. (1991)

Stem cell factor (SCF) is a pluripotent growth factor which is suggested to play an important role in proliferation and differentiation in various types of fetal and adult tissues as the ligand of the c-kit proto-oncogene product. However, very little is known about expression of the SCF gene in human malignancies. We analysed DNA and RNA extracted from 28 cell lines and 16 fresh tumor specimens of lung cancer as well as 24 cancer cell lines of various origin for SCF expression. Now we report that the SCF gene is expressed in a wide variety of human cancers including lung cancer, in marked contrast to c-kit, which is expressed in very few types of cancers. As a consequence, coexpression of both the ligand and the receptor is seen only in small-cell lung cancer, suggesting possible involvement of autocrine stimulation via this ligand-receptor system in the pathogenesis of this aggressive cancer. In addition, this study revealed that the human SCF gene is transcribed into two major forms of alternatively spliced mRNAs with different molar ratio in fetal, adult and malignant tissues.
Selective tissue distribution of G protein gamma subunits, including a new form of the gamma subunits identified by cDNA cloning. (1992)

The GTP-binding regulatory proteins (G proteins) that transduce signals from receptors to effectors are composed of alpha, beta, and gamma subunits. Whereas the role of alpha subunits in directly regulating effector activity is widely accepted, it has recently been demonstrated that beta gamma subunits may also directly regulate effector activity. This has made clear the importance of identifying and characterizing beta and gamma subunits. We have isolated a cDNA clone encoding a new gamma subunit, referred to here as the gamma 7 subunit, using probes based on peptide sequences of a gamma subunit previously purified from bovine brain. The clone contains a 1.47-kilobase cDNA insert, which includes an open reading frame of 204 base pairs that predicts a 68-amino acid polypeptide with a calculated M(r) of 7553. The predicted protein shares amino acid identities with the other known gamma subunits, ranging from 38 to 68%. Also characteristic of gamma subunits is a carboxyl-terminal CAAX motif. The expression of the gamma 7 subunit as well as the gamma 2, gamma 3, and gamma 5 subunits was examined in several bovine tissues at both the mRNA and protein levels. Whereas the gamma 2 and gamma 3 subunits were selectively expressed in brain, the gamma 5 and gamma 7 subunits were expressed in a variety of tissues. Thus, the gamma 5 and gamma 7 subunits are the first G protein gamma subunits known that could participate in the regulation of widely distributed signal transduction pathways.
Delivery of Recombinant Gene Products with Microencapsulated Cells <i>In Vivo</i> (1993)

If established cultured cell lines genetically modified to secrete desired gene products could be implanted in different allogeneic recipients without immune rejection, novel gene products would be delivered more cost effectively. We tested this strategy by encapsulating mouse Ltk- cells transfected with the human growth hormone (hGH) gene in immunoprotective perm-selective alginate microcapsules. Allogeneic mice implanted with these microcapsules demonstrated hGH in their circulation (0.1-1.5 ng/ml serum) within the first 2 weeks. Control mice implanted with only the transfected cells without microcapsules did not demonstrate significant levels of circulating hGH. By about 3 weeks, antibodies against hGH developed in the microcapsule-implanted mice. The immune response was detected only against the hGH and no other secretory products from the transfected cells. The antibody titer continued to escalate for more than three months, thus demonstrating indirectly the continued delivery of the growth hormone. The persistent expression of the transgene and survival of the transfected cells were verified when the microcapsules were retrieved periodically to demonstrate that the encapsulated cells remained viable, proliferative, and productive of hGH even by 78-111 days. In conclusion, delivering gene products with genetically modified allogeneic cells in vivo has been shown feasible for prolonged periods. This technology should have potential applications in somatic gene therapy and in treatment of other somatic diseases.
NF-kappaB Signaling in Chronic Inflammatory Airway Disease (2015)

Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are obstructive airway disorders which differ in their underlying causes and phenotypes but overlap in patterns of pharmacological treatments. In both asthma and COPD, oxidative stress contributes to airway inflammation by inducing inflammatory gene expression. The redox-sensitive transcription factor, nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB (NF-κB), is an important participant in a broad spectrum of inflammatory networks that regulate cytokine activity in airway pathology. The anti-inflammatory actions of glucocorticoids (GCs), a mainstay treatment for asthma, involve inhibition of NF-κB induced gene transcription. Ligand bound GC receptors (GRs) bind NF-κB to suppress the transcription of NF-κB responsive genes (i.e., transrepression). However, in severe asthma and COPD, the transrepression of NF-κB by GCs is negated as a consequence of post-translational changes to GR and histones involved in chromatin remodeling. Therapeutics which target NF-κB activation, including inhibitors of IκB kinases (IKKs) are potential treatments for asthma and COPD. Furthermore, reversing GR/histone acetylation shows promise as a strategy to treat steroid refractory airway disease by augmenting NF-κB transrepression. This review examines NF-κB signaling in airway inflammation and its potential as target for treatment of asthma and COPD.