gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Near real-time analytics with IBM DB2 analytics accelerator (2013)

The IBM DB2 Analytics Accelerator (IDAA) implements the vision of a universal relational DBMS that processes OLTP and analytical-type queries in a single system, but on two fundamentally different query engines. Based on heuristics in DB2 for z/OS, the DB2 optimizer decides if a query should be executed by "mainline" DB2 or if it is beneficial to offload it to the attached IBM DB2 Analytics Accelerator that operates on copies of the DB2 tables. In this paper, we introduce the "incremental update" functionality of IDAA that keeps these copy tables in sync by employing replication technology that monitors the DB2 transaction log and asynchronously applies the changes to IDAA. This enables near real-time analytics over online data, effectively marrying traditionally separated OLTP and data warehouse environments. With IDAA, analytic queries can access data that is constantly refreshed in contrast to traditional warehouses that are updated on a daily or even weekly basis. Without any changes to the applications and without the need to introduce cross-system ETL flows, an existing operational data store can be used for data warehousing as well. The analytic query performance provided by IDAA makes it possible to execute reports directly against the transactional schema, thus avoiding the need for costly design and maintenance of a separate reporting schema. Additionally, the Accelerator shields DB2 for z/OS as the transactional system from performance degradation caused by the analytical workload and the replication component synchronizes all data changes in near real-time. We present the architecture of the integrated replication component of IDAA and discuss design decisions that we made when combining the different technologies as well as performance characteristics of the resulting system.
Effects of Lidocaine Infusion during Experimental Endotoxemia in Horses (2010)

Lidocaine significantly decreased severity of CS and inhibited TNF-alpha activity in PF.
Career Advancement May Be Right Where You Are (1995)

Most previous compartmental models describing bilirubin transport and metabolism in the liver have been validated solely by analysis of the plasma disappearance of radiolabeled bilirubin in human subjects. We now have determined the transport kinetics of a bilirubin tracer pulse by analysis of plasma, liver, and bile radioactivity data from 30 intact rats. Plasma [3H]bilirubin disappearance was best described by the sum of three exponentials, and a six-compartment model, derived by simulation analysis, was necessary and adequate to describe all experimental data. Examination of the injected radiolabeled bilirubin by extraction with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide and thin-layer chromatography revealed that 6.6% (mean) of the original pigment had been degraded to labeled nonbilirubin derivatives during preparation of the tracer dose. This material exhibited a significantly longer half-life (mean 50.6 min) of the plasma terminal exponential than that of authentic radiobilirubin (20.6 min). In isolated perfused rat liver, the kinetics of [3H]bilirubin in perfusate and bile readily fitted the proposed model. Compatibility of the model with the data obtained, both in the isolated liver and in vivo, required that a fraction of bilirubin conjugated in the liver be deconjugated and returned to the plasma. Deconjugation of bilirubin glucuronides was evaluated directly by infusion of bilirubin monoglucuronides, containing 14C in the glucuronosyl group, into rats with an external bile fistula. Since metabolic degradation of hydrolyzed 14C-labeled glucuronic acid yields 14CO2, this was measured in expired air. Whereas 86% of the administered labeled pigment was recovered in bile, 7% of the label appeared in 14CO2. These findings directly validate a portion of the proposed kinetic model and suggest that hepatic deconjugation of a small fraction of bilirubin glucuronides is a physiological event. Deconjugation may also account, at least in part, for the presence of increased concentrations of unconjugated bilirubin in the plasma of patients with cholestasis.
1986 Volvo Award in Biomechanics: Partitioning of the L4 - L5 Dynamic Moment into Disc, Ligamentous, and Muscular Components During Lifting (1986)

This work describes a dynamic model of the low back that incorporates extensive anatomical detail of a three-dimensional musculo-ligamentous-skeletal system. The reactive moment about L4-L5, determined from sagittal plane lifts, was partitioned into restorative components provided by the disc in bending, ligament strain, and active muscle contraction. Skeletal kinematics were obtained from cine analysis of markers on the rib cage and pelvis. The musculature was driven from surface EMG collected from six sites. When compared with past models, features of this model included improved anatomical modeling, improved monitoring of vertebral motion unit kinematics, improved estimation of neural activation of the musculature, and consideration of the effects of muscle length, velocity, cross-sectional area and passive elasticity in force estimation. Estimations of L4-L5 disc compression and shear were, on average, 16.2% and 42.5% lower, respectively, than those calculated from a simple 5 cm erector tissue moment arm length. There was no need to invoke intra-abdominal pressure or other contentious compression-reducing mechanisms. Muscle activity, particularly that of the sacrospinalis, dominated the generation of the restorative moment. Ligaments played a very minor role in the lifts studied. High muscle loads are consistent with the common clinical observation of muscle strain often produced by load handling.
A Touch Screen Interface Design with Tactile Feedback (2011)

Various information displays are becoming available for implementing new kinds of human computer interaction (HCI) methods. Touch screen devices become the most popular choice among many types and models. They have been used in wide range of applications and are proven to be a useful infrastructure for creating intuitive HCI. In spite of their popularity, there are some weak points. The most serious drawback is their hardness for operation especially for the weak in information technology such as elderly and blind users. A tactile feedback function has a potential ability for enabling them to make full use of the devices. We consider the tactile interaction as communication modality for complementing other channels such as visual and auditory senses and improving intuitiveness for various operations. To make the tactile interface a practical communication channel, a design principle for implementing mutually discriminable tactile stimuli is required. The principle should define multiple stimulus patterns giving users distinctive tactile impressions. Our goal is to empirically work out the principle through developing an experiment system for checking varied tactile effects and discovering good solutions. In this paper, we elaborate the system implemented by using a type of touch screen tactile display and some experiments conducted for exploring the principle.
Clinical applications of hallucinogens: A review. (2016)

Hallucinogens fall into several different classes, as broadly defined by pharmacological mechanism of action, and chemical structure. These include psychedelics, entactogens, dissociatives, and other atypical hallucinogens. Although these classes do not share a common primary mechanism of action, they do exhibit important similarities in their ability to occasion temporary but profound alterations of consciousness, involving acute changes in somatic, perceptual, cognitive, and affective processes. Such effects likely contribute to their recreational use. However, a growing body of evidence indicates that these drugs may have therapeutic applications beyond their potential for abuse. This review will present data on several classes of hallucinogens with a particular focus on psychedelics, entactogens, and dissociatives, for which clinical utility has been most extensively documented. Information on each class is presented in turn, tracing relevant historical insights, highlighting similarities and differences between the classes from the molecular to the behavioral level, and presenting the most up-to-date information on clinically oriented research with these substances, with important ramifications for their potential therapeutic value. (PsycINFO Database Record
Clinical utility of hygroscopic heat and moisture exchangers in intensive care patients (1997)

Circuits with a bacterial-viral filtering HME are less readily colonized by bacteria. Contamination is a random event. Humidification technique has no influence on the frequency rate of VAP, the effectiveness of rewarming, nor the character of the respiratory secretions. Breathing resistance is generally low and disposable costs are reduced when an HME is used.
Design of binary polar codes with arbitrary kernel (2012)

The problem of construction of binary polar codes with high-dimensional kernels is considered. A novel method for computing the erasure probability in the bit subchannels induced by the polarization kernel is proposed. The codes obtained using the proposed method outperform those based on the Arikan kernel.
Generation of 3D Retina-Like Structures from a Human Retinal Cell Line in a NASA Bioreactor (2003)

Replacement of damaged cells is a promising approach for treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and retinitis pigmentosa (RP); however, availability of donor tissue for transplantation remains a major obstacle. Key factors for successful engineering of a tissue include the identification of a neural cell line that is: homogeneous but can be expanded to give rise to multiple cells types; is nontumorigenic, yet capable of secreting neurotrophic factors; and is able to form three-dimensional (3D), differentiated structures. The goal of this study was to test the feasibility of tissue engineering from a multipotential human retinal cell line using a NASA-developed bioreactor. A multipotential human retinal precursor cell line was used to generate 3D structures. In addition, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells were cocultured with neural cells to determine if 3D retinal structures could be generated in the bioreactor with cells grown on laminin-coated cytodex 3 beads. Cell growth, morphology, and differentiation were monitored by light and scanning electron microscopy, Western blot analysis, and analysis of glucose use and lactate production. The neuronal retinal precursor cell line cultured in a bioreactor gave rise to most retinal cell types seen in monolayer culture. They formed composite structures with cell-covered beads associated with one another in a tissue-like array. The beginning of layering and/or separation of cell types was observed. The neuronal cell types previously seen in monolayer cultures were also seen in the bioreactor. Some of the retinal cells differentiate into photoreceptors in the bioreactor with well-developed outer segment-like structures, a process that is critical for retinal function. Moreover, the neuronal cells that were generated resembled their in vivo phenotype more closely than those grown under other conditions. Outer segments were almost never seen in the monolayer cultures, even in the presence of photoreceptor-inducing growth factors such as basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and transforming growth factor (TGF-alpha). Muller cells were occasionally seen when retinal, RPE cells were cocultured with retinal cells in the bioreactor. These have never been seen in this retinal cell line before. Cells grown in the bioreactor expressed several proteins specific for the retinal cell types: opsin, protein kinase C-alpha, dopamine receptor D4, tyrosine hydroxylase, and calbindin.
Transforming growth factor β signaling impairs Neu-induced mammary tumorigenesis while promoting pulmonary metastasis (2003)

The influence of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) signaling on Neu-induced mammary tumorigenesis and metastasis was examined with transgenic mouse models. We generated mice expressing an activated TGF-beta type I receptor or dominant negative TGF-beta type II receptor under control of the mouse mammary tumor virus promoter. When crossed with mice expressing activated forms of the Neu receptor tyrosine kinase that selectively couple to the Grb2 or Shc signaling pathways the activated type I receptor increased the latency of mammary tumor formation but also enhanced the frequency of extravascular lung metastasis. Conversely, expression of the dominant negative type II receptor decreased the latency of Neu-induced mammary tumor formation while significantly reducing the incidence of extravascular lung metastases. These observations argue that TGF-beta can promote the formation of lung metastases while impairing Neu-induced tumor growth and suggest that extravasation of breast cancer cells from pulmonary vessels is a point of action of TGF-beta in the metastatic process.
Kinetic proofreading in T-cell receptor signal transduction. (1995)

Like other cell-surface receptors with intrinsic or associated protein-tyrosine kinase activity, the T-cell receptor complex undergoes a number of modifications, including tyrosine phosphorylation steps, after ligand binding but before transmitting a signal. The requirement for these modifications introduces a temporal lag between ligand binding and receptor signaling. A model for the T-cell receptor is proposed in which this feature greatly enhances the receptor's ability to discriminate between a foreign antigen and self-antigens with only moderately lower affinity. The proposed scheme is a form of kinetic proofreading, known to be essential for the fidelity of protein and DNA synthesis. A variant of this scheme is also described in which a requirement for formation of large aggregates may lead to a further enhancement of the specificity of T-cell activation. Through these mechanisms, ligands of different affinity potentially may elicit qualitatively different signals.
Electrochemical Sensors and Their Impedances: a Tutorial (2002)

Electrochemical sensors are the largest group of chemical sensors. It is shown that electrical impedances play crucial role in design, construction, and interpretation of the results obtained with these sensors. It is also shown that impedances are implicated not only in the transduction mechanism but also in interpretation of selectivity of these sensors.
Effect of oral cromolyn sodium on CKD-associated pruritus and serum tryptase level: a double-blind placebo-controlled study (2009)

CS can significantly reduce the severity of pruritus in HD patients, but this effect is not due to a decrease in serum tryptase level.
Optimization of an x-ray mask design for use with horizontal and vertical kinematic mounts (1991)

Kinematically mounted x-ray lithography masks are investigated to optimize various design parameters. Given the limited error budget for x-ray mask mounting, it is essential to minimize the mechanical distortions in the exposure area. Three-dimensional finite element models of the support ring with a membrane are used to analyze the gravitational effects for both the horizontal (e-beam patterning) and vertical mounting (synchrotron exposure). In-plane and out-of-plane distortions of the membrane are computed and the nodes in the patterned area are uniquely mapped. Results of the finite element calculations show that the mask distortions can be minimized by optimizing the design of the support ring in conjunction with the holding mechanism. The actual cross section of the ring is designed in correlation with the specifications on the position of the mount. Several design rules are developed from the analyses, relating the axis or rotation of the cross section with the radial position of the mount. Results of this study offer guidelines in choosing the optimum mask parameters considering the parametric designs presented.
New Self-Assembled Structural Motifs in Coordination Chemistry (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTADDITION / CORRECTIONThis article has been corrected. View the notice.New Self-Assembled Structural Motifs in Coordination ChemistryGerhard F. Swiegers and Tshepo J. MalefetseView Author Information Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Division of Molecular Science, Bag 10, Clayton South, Victoria 3169, Australia Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2000, 100, 9, 3483–3538Publication Date (Web):July 15, 2000Publication History Received24 September 1999Revised6 May 2000Published online15 July 2000Published inissue 1 September 2000https://doi.org/10.1021/cr990110sCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views6583Altmetric-Citations1260LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (1 MB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Ions,Ligands,Metals,Oligomers,Self organization Get e-Alerts
Intravitreal Triamcinolone Acetonide Injection for the Treatment of Posterior Uveitis (2006)

IVTA application may be an alternative therapeutic option for the treatment of acute posterior uveitis that involves vitreous inflammation, especially in patients who carry risks for systemic corticosteroid therapy.
Mechanical Stretch Enhances mRNA Expression and Proenzyme Release of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) via NAD(P)H Oxidase–Derived Reactive Oxygen Species (2003)

Mechanical stretch is a hallmark of arterial hypertension and leads to vessel wall remodeling, which involves matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Because mechanical stretch is further capable of inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation via the NAD(P)H oxidase, we assessed whether mechanical stretch enhances MMP expression and activity in a NAD(P)H oxidase-dependent manner. Therefore, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) isolated from C57BL/6 mice were exposed to cyclic mechanical stretch. The impact of ROS was assessed using VSMCs isolated from p47phox-/- mice, deficient for a NAD(P)H oxidase subunit responsible for ROS formation. Transcript levels were investigated by cDNA array and confirmed by RT-PCR. ROS formation was determined by DCF fluoroscopy and MMP-2 activity by zymography. Mechanical stretch of wild-type VSMCs resulted in a rapid ROS formation and p47phox membrane translocation that is followed by an increase in Nox-1 transcripts. ROS formation was completely abrogated in p47phox-/- VSMCs. cDNA array further revealed an increase of MMP-2 mRNA in response to mechanical stretch, which was validated by RT-PCR. Using p47phox-/- VSMCs, this increase in MMP-2 mRNA was completely blunted. mRNA expression of tissue inhibitor of MMP-2 TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 and membrane-type 1 MMP was unaffected by mechanical stretch. Gelatinolytic activity of pro-MMP-2 has been increased rapidly in wild-type VSMCs and was completely abolished in p47phox-/- VSMCs. These results indicate that mechanical stretch induces ROS formation via the NAD(P)H oxidase and thereby enhances MMP-2 mRNA expression and pro-MMP-2 release. These results are consistent with the notion that in arterial hypertension, reactive oxygen species are involved in vascular remodeling via MMP activation. The full text of this article is available online at http://www.circresaha.org.
Characterization of Sodium Transport in Gustatory Epithelia from the Hamster and Rat (1998)

The transduction of sodium salts occurs through a variety of mechanisms, including sodium influx through amiloride-sensitive sodium channels, anion-dependent sodium movement through intercellular junctions and unidentified amiloride-insensitive mechanisms. Characterizations of sodium transport in lingual epithelium mounted in Ussing chambers have focused almost exclusively on epithelia containing only fungiform taste buds. In the present study we have investigated sodium transport by measuring NaCl-induced short-circuit current from lingual epithelia containing fungiform, foliate, vallate and palatine taste buds in the hamster and the rat. All areas show measurable sodium transport, yet significant differences were noted between the epithelia from the rat and the hamster and among the different epithelia within a single species in terms of current density, transepithelial resistance and mucosal amiloride sensitivity. In general, epithelia from the anterior tongue were of a lower resistance and transported sodium more effectively than from the posterior tongue. Moreover, fungiform- and vallate-containing epithelia in the rat had a greater current density than did the corresponding tissues in the hamster. Amiloride sensitivity also differed between the rat and the hamster. In the hamster all gustatory areas showed some amiloride sensitivity, while in the rat the vallate-containing epithelia were devoid of amiloride-sensitive sodium transport. The results are consistent with the interpretation that all chemosensitive areas may participate in the detection of salts but the degree of salt transport and the mechanism of transport is variable among different lingual epithelia and different species.
3D-structured on-chip buck converter for distributed power supply system in SiPs (2008)

An on-chip buck converter with 3D chip stacking is proposed and the operation is experimentally verified. The manufactured converter achieves a maximum power efficiency of 62% for an output current of 70mA with a switching frequency of 200MHz and a 2x2mm on-chip LC output filter in 0.35μm CMOS. The use of glass epoxy interposer to increase the maximum power efficiency up to 71.3%, and the power efficiency dependence on the filter inductor are also discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Developments in Direct Thermochemical Liquefaction of Biomass: 1983‐ 1990 (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Studies on Capacity Loss and Capacity Fading of Nanosized SnSb Alloy Anode for Li-Ion Batteries (2001)

Nanosized SnSb alloy exhibits much higher reversible capacity as an anode active material for Li-ion batteries. However, rather large capacity loss at the first charge and discharge cycle as well as capacity fading during cycling for pure nanosized alloy has been observed. These phenomena originate from the following factors: the decomposition reaction of surface oxide and the formation of solid electrolyte interphase on the surface of alloy, the irreversible trapping of Li ions by host atoms, serious aggregation of alloy particles during electrochemical cycling, and the existence of an impure phase. Several strategies have been proposed to overcome these drawbacks, including surface modification, addition of dispersant, and coating on stable frame cores, such as mesophase carbon microbeads, to form composite materials. © 2001 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.