gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
THE USE OF SHAPE-MEMORY ALLOYS FOR MECHANICAL REFRIGERATION (2009)

This letter reports on stress–strain experiments on a Cu – Zn – Al single crystal performed using a purpose-built tensile device which enables the load applied to the specimen to be controlled while elongation is continuously monitored. From the measured isothermal tensile curves, the stress-induced entropy changes are obtained at different temperatures. These data quantify the elastocaloric effect associated with the martensitic transition in shape-memory alloys. The large temperature changes estimated for this effect, suggest the possibility of using shape-memory alloys as mechanical refrigerators.
Review of Indigenous male health (2011)

Wounded and resilient': historical and contemporary influences 'Wounded and resilient ' [1], the term used to describe the characteristics of the Kukatja Aboriginal males of the desert regions of the south-east Kimberley region of Western Australia, applies to many Indigenous males across Australia.Indigenous males have been 'wounded' by the numerous impacts since colonisation which devalued Indigenous culture, dispossessed and dislocated Indigenous families and communities and introduced diseases [2-4].Indigenous males lost their well-defined, meaningful roles with authority and status, and young males lost their positive, aspirational role models.Initially, Indigenous male authority and knowledge were disenfranchised.This marginalisation is perpetuated in the current situation, where many Indigenous men have been deprived of their provider role.In turn, this diminishes the status, self-esteem and sense of purpose of Indigenous males [5][6][7].This has profound implications for their health by engendering high levels of alcohol abuse, self-harm and violence.It has inter-generational consequences, bringing dysfunction to family life and providing a model of masculinity with little that is attractive or challenging.As a consequence, there is little incentive for boys to participate in schooling, training and work that prepares them for adult male roles.The cycle of male disenfranchisement, demoralisation and poor health is thus perpetuated.Indigenous male health is also affected by contemporary structural and social factors, including economic opportunity, physical infrastructure and social conditions [4].These factors, known collectively as the 'social determinants of health ' [8, 9], are manifest in measures such as housing, education, employment, access to services, social networks, connection with land, racism, and rates of imprisonment.Indigenous males suffer substantial disadvantage for all of these measures during their childhood, as adolescents, and throughout their adult years.It is important to consider these social determinants in addressing the health of Indigenous males as it is here that resilience can best be supported and reinforced [3,10].Addressing Indigenous male health needs to take account of these factors within a broad 'wounded and resilient' context.In particular, it is important that Indigenous males continue to be active participants in defining their social roles, both within their own communities
Mitomycin C adjuvant chemotherapy after Wertheim's hysterectomy for stage IB cervical cancer (1989)

Patients undergoing radical surgical treatment for Stage IB and IIA cervical carcinoma are at high risk of developing local recurrence and/or distant metastases when one or more of the following factors are present: presence of metastatic pelvic lymph nodes, a large primary growth, full-thickness tumor invasion of the cervix, clinically undetected parametrial extension, and lymphatic/vascular channel permeation in the cervix by tumor cells. Carcinoma of the cervix appears to be behaving like a systemic disease. Therefore, systemic measures should be considered in its therapy. The authors report the initial experience with the use of mitomycin C as a single agent adjuvant in 16 patients with Stage IB carcinoma of the cervix who had undergone Wertheim radical hysterectomy and were thought to be in this high-risk group. Fourteen of the patients are alive and free of disease after durations of follow-up ranging from 16 to 38 months, the disease-free survival at a median follow-up of 29 months being 87.5%. One patient required discontinuation of adjuvant chemotherapy because of severe marrow toxicity; however, in view of the presence of a multiple risk factors, pelvic irradiation was given instead. She died 13 months later from disseminated disease. A second patient died 6 months later from congestive cardiac failure.
Atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition of Si and SiGe at low temperatures (1992)

Ultraclean atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition has been used to grow Si and SiGe epitaxial films at low temperatures, 550–850 °C, in several reactors including a commercial production type tool. The use of a load lock, gas purifiers, and careful gas handling procedures allows epitaxial films to be grown down to 550 °C with undetectable levels of oxygen and carbon at the growth interface. This is achieved in part by the discovery that the atmosphere of hydrogen inhibits Si oxidation at the growth temperature. Doped layers with active concentrations of phosphorous and boron to 1–3×1020 cm−3 have been achieved. Phosphine and arsine enhance the growth rate under certain process conditions which is contrary to all previous reports in the literature. N-type doping with phosphine can be modulated more than two orders of magnitude which indicates that dopant retention on sample or reactor wall surfaces is not a problem. Emitter-base diodes formed in the N-type epitaxial layers exhibited ideal forward and low-leakage reverse characteristics. SiGe/Si heterostructures with Ge content of 14%–44% exhibit abrupt interfaces and smooth surfaces. Selective Si and SiGe layers have been grown on oxide patterned wafers without the appearance of facets.
Localized contourlet features in vehicle make and model recognition (2009)

Automatic vehicle Make and Model Recognition (MMR) systems provide useful performance enhancements to vehicle recognitions systems that are solely based on Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) systems. Several vehicle MMR systems have been proposed in literature. In parallel to this, the usefulness of multi-resolution based feature analysis techniques leading to efficient object classification algorithms have received close attention from the research community. To this effect, Contourlet transforms that can provide an efficient directional multi-resolution image representation has recently been introduced. Already an attempt has been made in literature to use Curvelet/Contourlet transforms in vehicle MMR. In this paper we propose a novel localized feature detection method in Contourlet transform domain that is capable of increasing the classification rates up to 4%, as compared to the previously proposed Contourlet based vehicle MMR approach in which the features are non-localized and thus results in sub-optimal classification. Further we show that the proposed algorithm can achieve the increased classification accuracy of 96% at significantly lower computational complexity due to the use of Two Dimensional Linear Discriminant Analysis (2DLDA) for dimensionality reduction by preserving the features with high between-class variance and low inter-class variance.
Solaris Internals: Core Kernel Architecture (2000)

The definitive Sun Microsystems guide to the internals of the Solaris kernel.This book focuses on the core kernel functions, major data structures and algorithms. Its practical approach makes it an essential resource for anyone responsible for kernel, driver or application software. Anyone doing development, debugging, maintenance, performance tuning, capacity planning, or application tuning will also benefit from Mauro and McDougall's in-depth coverage of the Solaris kernel.Solaris Internals is an indispensable reference for kernel developers and is full of useful information for monitoring and optimizing Solaris systems. Whether you're a software developer, systems architect, system administrator, or performance analyst you'll rely on it constantly.
Microarrays and quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (2009)

Since the introduction of gene expression microarray technology, the number of applications and publications based on it has grown enormously. Nowadays, there is almost no institution or university in the field of molecular biology that has no genomic facility helping to apply this technique. Microarrays, an ordered assembly of thousands of probes, have the ability to allow the simultaneous determination of the expression levels of thousands of genes. This technique was used to describe gene programs that underlie various cellular processes, such as immunity and hormone responses, as well as to refine classifications of neoplasias, and to define diagnostic molecular markers for diseases. However, one drawback of the microarray technique is that, the more genes are tested, the higher the risk of identifying false positives as a result of random effects. Furthermore, biological and technical variations, including the microarray design, can affect the precision of microarray results. More difficult situations are found when working with complex multicellular tissue samples as compared to cell line experiments. The outcome of these microarray experiments can result in low fold changes and low signal intensities for differentially expressed genes, which makes it difficult to detect regulated genes reliably. Therefore, the identification of differentially expressed genes requires independent confirmation. Quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) is the method of choice because of its broad range of linearity, high sensitivity, and reproducibility and because it can be easily adapted to test several hundreds of transcripts.
Antitumor, antiviral and immunopotentiating activities of pine cone extracts: potential medicinal efficacy of natural and synthetic lignin-related materials (review). (1991)

Several antitumor substances that effectively inhibited the growth of ascites and solid tumor cells transplanted in mice were isolated from pine cone NaOH extract by acid- and ethanol-precipitation. These antitumor substances were also potent antiviral agents against human immunodeficiency virus, herpes simplex virus and influenza virus; they induced antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcal aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Candida albicans, and induced antiparasite activity against Hymenolepis nana in mice. Chemical analysis of these substances by IR, UV, NMR, ESR and partition chromatography on cellulose-TLC plate disclosed that they had lignin-related structures complexed with sugars or polysaccharides. Chlorinated decomposition of the lignin portion significantly reduced their antiviral activity. In agreement with this, the antiviral activity of synthesized lignins prepared by polymerization of phenylpropanoid precursors was comparable to that of the undecomposed counterparts of the pine cone extract. Acid hydrolysis of the polysaccharide portion significantly reduced the ability of the substances to induce antitumor and antimicrobial activities in mice. With an appropriate eliciting agent, intravenous administration of natural lignified substances transiently induced endogenous production of a cytotoxic factor (possibly tumor necrosis factor) in normal mice. Their priming activity was significantly higher than that of their component units or degradation products. These data suggest the importance of conjugating lignins with polysaccharides for in vivo expression of various kinds of immunopotentiating activity. As possible explanations for their induction of a variety of immunopotentiating activities, these natural and synthetic lignins stimulated macrophage NBT-reducing activity, polymorphonuclear cell (PMN) iodination and splenocyte DNA synthesis and inhibited poly (ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase, RNA-dependent DNA polymerase (reverse transcriptase) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activities.
ViewPoints: differential string analysis for discovering client- and server-side input validation inconsistencies (2012)

Since web applications are easily accessible, and often store a large amount of sensitive user information, they are a common target for attackers. In particular, attacks that focus on input validation vulnerabilities are extremely effective and dangerous. To address this problem, we developed ViewPoints--a technique that can identify erroneous or insufficient validation and sanitization of the user inputs by automatically discovering inconsistencies between client- and server-side input validation functions. Developers typically perform redundant input validation in both the front-end (client) and the back-end (server) components of a web application. Client- side validation is used to improve the responsiveness of the application, as it allows for responding without communicating with the server, whereas server-side validation is necessary for security reasons, as malicious users can easily circumvent client-side checks. ViewPoints (1) automatically extracts client- and server-side input validation functions, (2) models them as deterministic finite automata (DFAs), and (3) compares client- and server-side DFAs to identify and report the inconsistencies between the two sets of checks. Our initial evaluation of the technique is promising: when applied to a set of real-world web applications, ViewPoints was able to automatically identify a large number of inconsistencies in their input validation functions.
Structure and dynamics of carbon black-filled elastomers (2000)

The linear and nonlinear melt viscoelastic properties for a series of carbon black-filled polymer composites were studied. Complementary tapping-mode atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies were used to examine the dispersion and structural correlations of the filler particles in these composites. The low-frequency dependence of the linear viscoelastic moduli gradually changes from liquidlike behavior for the unfilled polymer to pseudosolid character for composites with more than 9 vol % carbon black filler. The plateau modulus, inferred from the linear viscoelastic response, exhibits a somewhat discontinuous change at about 9 vol % filler. On the basis of the linear viscoelastic response, we postulate that the carbon black filler forms a continuous percolated network structure beyond 9 vol % filler, considerably lower than that expected from theoretical calculations for overlapping spheres and ellipsoids. We suggest that the lower threshold for percolation is due to the polymer mediation of the filler structure, resulting from the low functionality of the polymer and, consequently, few strong polymer–filler interactions, allowing for long loops and tails that can either bridge filler particles or entangle with one another. Furthermore, the strain amplitude for the transition from linear behavior to nonlinear behavior of the modulus for the composites with greater than 9 vol % filler is independent of frequency, and this critical strain amplitude decreases with increasing filler concentration. Complementary AFM measurements suggest a well-dispersed carbon black structure with the nearest neighbor distance showing a discontinuous decrease at about 9 vol % filler, again consistent with the formation of a filler network structure beyond 9 vol % carbon black. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 39: 256–275, 2001
A case for the accountable cloud (2010)

For many companies, clouds are becoming an interesting alternative to a dedicated IT infrastructure. However, cloud computing also carries certain risks for both the customer and the cloud provider. The customer places his computation and data on machines he cannot directly control; the provider agrees to run a service whose details he does not know. If something goes wrong - for example, data leaks to a competitor, or the computation returns incorrect results - it can be difficult for customer and provider to determinewhich of themhas caused the problem, and, in the absence of solid evidence, it is nearly impossible for them to hold each other responsible for the problem if a dispute arises. In this paper, we propose that the cloud should be made accountable to both the customer and the provider. Both parties should be able to check whether the cloud is running the service as agreed. If a problem appears, they should be able to determine which of them is responsible, and to prove the presence of the problem to a third party, such as an arbitrator or a judge. We outline the technical requirements for an accountable cloud, and we describe several challenges that are not yet met by current accountability techniques.
Tree Kernel-Based Relation Extraction with Context-Sensitive Structured Parse Tree Information (2007)

This paper proposes a tree kernel with contextsensitive structured parse tree information for relation extraction. It resolves two critical problems in previous tree kernels for relation extraction in two ways. First, it automatically determines a dynamic context-sensitive tree span for relation extraction by extending the widely-used Shortest Path-enclosed Tree (SPT) to include necessary context information outside SPT. Second, it proposes a context-sensitive convolution tree kernel, which enumerates both context-free and contextsensitive sub-trees by considering their ancestor node paths as their contexts. Moreover, this paper evaluates the complementary nature between our tree kernel and a state-of-the-art linear kernel. Evaluation on the ACE RDC corpora shows that our dynamic context-sensitive tree span is much more suitable for relation extraction than SPT and our tree kernel outperforms the state-of-the-art Collins and Duffy’s convolution tree kernel. It also shows that our tree kernel achieves much better performance than the state-of-the-art linear kernels. Finally, it shows that feature-based and tree kernel-based methods much complement each other and the composite kernel can well integrate both flat and structured features. 1
Glycine receptors: a new therapeutic target in pain pathways. (2006)

Although glycine receptor Cl- channels (GlyRs) have long been known to mediate inhibitory neurotransmission onto spinal nociceptive neurons, their therapeutic potential for peripheral analgesia has received little attention. However, it has been shown that alpha3-subunit-containing GlyRs are concentrated into regions of the spinal cord dorsal horn where nociceptive afferents terminate. Furthermore, inflammatory mediators specifically inhibit alpha3-containing GlyRs, and deletion of the murine alpha3 gene confers insensitivity to chronic inflammatory pain. This strongly implicates GlyRs in the inflammation-mediated disinhibition of centrally projecting nociceptive neurons. Future therapies aimed at specifically increasing current flux through alpha3-containing GlyRs may prove effective in providing analgesia.
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) site-specific recombination does not require a Rep-dependent origin of replication within the AAV terminal repeat (2001)

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is the only known eukaryotic virus capable of targeted integration in human cells. An AAV Rep binding element (RBE) and terminal resolution site (trs) identical to the viral terminal repeats required for AAV DNA replication are located on chromosome (ch) 19. Both ch-19 RBE and trs elements have been shown to be essential for viral targeting to this locus. To characterize the role of the AAV inverted terminal repeat (ITR) cis-acting sequences in targeted integration an AAV trs mutant incapable of supporting viral replication was tested. Wild-type and mutant substrates were assayed for targeted integration after cotransfection in the presence or absence of Rep. Our results demonstrated that, in the presence of Rep78, both ITR substrates targeted to ch-19 with similar frequency. Molecular characterization of the mutant ITR integrants confirmed the presence of the trs mutation in the majority of samples tested. Complementation analysis confirmed that the mutant targeted viral genomes were unable to rescue and replicate. In addition, Rep78 induced extensive rearrangement and amplification of ch-19 sequences independent of wild-type or mutant targeting substrate. These studies demonstrate that Rep-dependent nicking of the viral cis-acting trs sequence is not a prerequisite for site-specific recombination and suggests AAV targeting is mediated by Rep78/68-dependent replication from the ch-19 origin of replication (ori). These studies have significant impact toward the understanding of AAV site-specific recombination and the development of targeting vectors.
Vapor-Liquid Equilibria of the Diacetone Alcohol–Water System at Subatmospheric Pressures (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTVapor-Liquid Equilibria of the Diacetone Alcohol–Water System at Subatmospheric PressuresC. W. Hack and Matthew Van WinkleCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1954, 46, 11, 2392–2395Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50539a049https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50539a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views77Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts