gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Viscoelastic properties of vimentin compared with other filamentous biopolymer networks. (1991)

The cytoplasm of vertebrate cells contains three distinct filamentous biopolymers, the microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments. The basic structural elements of these three filaments are linear polymers of the proteins tubulin, actin, and vimentin or another related intermediate filament protein, respectively. The viscoelastic properties of cytoplasmic filaments are likely to be relevant to their biologic function, because their extreme length and rodlike structure dominate the rheologic behavior of cytoplasm, and changes in their structure may cause gel-sol transitions observed when cells are activated or begin to move. This paper describes parallel measurements of the viscoelasticity of tubulin, actin, and vimentin polymers. The rheologic differences among the three types of cytoplasmic polymers suggest possible specialized roles for the different classes of filaments in vivo. Actin forms networks of highest rigidity that fluidize at high strains, consistent with a role in cell motility in which stable protrusions can deform rapidly in response to controlled filament rupture. Vimentin networks, which have not previously been studied by rheologic methods, exhibit some unusual viscoelastic properties not shared by actin or tubulin. They are less rigid (have lower shear moduli) at low strain but harden at high strains and resist breakage, suggesting they maintain cell integrity. The differences between F-actin and vimentin are optimal for the formation of a composite material with a range of properties that cannot be achieved by either polymer alone. Microtubules are unlikely to contribute significantly to interphase cell rheology alone, but may help stabilize the other networks.
Recent Advances in Metal Oxide‐based Electrode Architecture Design for Electrochemical Energy Storage (2012)

Metal oxide nanostructures are promising electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors because of their high specific capacity/capacitance, typically 2-3 times higher than that of the carbon/graphite-based materials. However, their cycling stability and rate performance still can not meet the requirements of practical applications. It is therefore urgent to improve their overall device performance, which depends on not only the development of advanced electrode materials but also in a large part "how to design superior electrode architectures". In the article, we will review recent advances in strategies for advanced metal oxide-based hybrid nanostructure design, with the focus on the binder-free film/array electrodes. These binder-free electrodes, with the integration of unique merits of each component, can provide larger electrochemically active surface area, faster electron transport and superior ion diffusion, thus leading to substantially improved cycling and rate performance. Several recently emerged concepts of using ordered nanostructure arrays, synergetic core-shell structures, nanostructured current collectors, and flexible paper/textile electrodes will be highlighted, pointing out advantages and challenges where appropriate. Some future electrode design trends and directions are also discussed.
Supporting virtual team collaboration (1999)

In this paper, we describe a collaborative system specifically designed to address problems faced by distributed (or virtual) teams. TeamSCOPE (Team Software for a Collaborative Project Environment) is a web-based work environment that has emerged from a research project studying the communication needs of internationally distributed engineering design teams. The paper begins by outlining some of the needs of virtual teams. An integrative framework that focuses on facilitation of group members' awareness of group activities, communications and resources is proposed. These needs and awareness requirements are then translated into a set of collaborative system design goals which have guided the implementation of TeamSCOPE. The features of TeamSCOPE are briefly reviewed, and some preliminary observations from early users are provided. We conclude by noting some of the new features planned for TeamSCOPE based on our early trials.
Acidity measurements on pyridines in tetrahydrofuran using lithiated silylamines (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAcidity measurements on pyridines in tetrahydrofuran using lithiated silylaminesRobert R. Fraser, Tarek S. Mansour, and Sylvain SavardCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 17, 3232–3234Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00217a050https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00217a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2466Altmetric-Citations220LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Opium Alkaloids. Part 4. Synthesis of Racemic and of (+)‐ and (‐)‐1‐ Methyldihydrothebainone. (1976)

Abstract Das aus den Komponenten (I) und (II) erhältliche Amid (III) wird nach Bischler‐Napieralski zum Dihydroisochinolin (IV) cyclisiert, dessen Birch‐Reduktion die racemische Verbindung (Va) liefert.
Study of Protein Conformation and Orientation in Silkworm and Spider Silk Fibers Using Raman Microspectroscopy (2004)

Raman microspectroscopy has been used for the first time to determine quantitatively the orientation of the beta-sheets in silk monofilaments from Bombyx mori and Samia cynthia ricini silkworms, and from the spider Nephila edulis. It is shown that, for systems with uniaxial symmetry such as silk, it is possible to determine the order parameters P2 and P4 of the orientation distribution function from intensity ratios of polarized Raman spectra. The equations allowing the calculation of P2 and P4 using polarized Raman microspectroscopy for a vibration with a cylindrical Raman tensor were first derived and then applied to the amide I band that is mostly due to the C=O stretching vibration of the peptide groups. The shape of the Raman tensor for the amide I vibration of the beta-sheets was determined from an isotropic film of Bombyx mori silk treated with methanol. For both the Bombyx mori and Samia cynthia ricini fibroin fibers, the values of P2 and P4 obtained are equal to -0.36 +/- 0.03 and 0.19 +/- 0.02, respectively, even though the two types of silkworm fibroins strongly differ in their primary sequences. For the Nephila edulis dragline silk, values of P2 and P4 of -0.32 +/- 0.02 and 0.13 +/- 0.02 were obtained, respectively. These results clearly indicate that the carbonyl groups are highly oriented perpendicular to the fiber axis and that the beta-sheets are oriented parallel to the fiber axis, in agreement with previous X-ray and NMR results. The most probable distribution of orientation was also calculated from the values of P2 and P4 using the information entropy theory. For the three types of silk, the beta-sheets are highly oriented parallel to the fiber axis. The orientation distributions of the beta-sheets are nearly Gaussian functions with a width of 32 degrees and 40 degrees for the silkworm fibroins and the spider dragline silk, respectively. In addition to these results, the comparison of the Raman spectra recorded for the different silk samples and the polarization dependence of several bands has allowed to clarify some important band assignments.
Fractal Analysis of Antigen‐Antibody Binding Kinetics: Biosensor Applications (1994)

The diffusion-limited binding kinetics of antigen (or antibody) in solution to antibody (or antigen) immobilized on a biosensor surface is analyzed within a fractal framework. The estimated fractal dimension increases linearly from 2.28 to 2.75 for the antirabbit IgG (antibody) (Nygren, H.; Stenberg, M. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 1985, 107, 560-566) as the R1S1 antibody concentration in solution increases 28-fold from 6 to 170 micrograms/mL. Similarly, for the binding of ferritin (antigen) in solution by a "sandwich" immunoassay to antiferritin (antibody) immobilized on a surface (Bluestein, B. I.; Craig, M.; Slovacek, R., Stundter, L.; Urciuoli, C.; Walizak, I.; Luderer, A. In Biosensors with Fiberoptics; Wise, D., Wingard, L. B., Jr., Eds.; The Humana Press, Inc.: Clifton, NJ, 1991; pp 181-223), the estimated fractal dimension decreases from 1.33 to 1.02 as the initial concentration of ferritin increases from 20 to 1000 micrograms/mL. The analysis attempts to provide novel physical insights into the reactions occurring on the surface and the structure or nature of the surface. Diffusional limitations inherent in such systems need to be uncoupled from reaction kinetics and complexities, such as heterogeneity, that exist on the surface.
PKS1, a Substrate Phosphorylated by Phytochrome That Modulates Light Signaling in <i>Arabidopsis</i> (1999)

Plants constantly monitor their light environment in order to grow and develop optimally, in part through use of the phytochromes, which sense red/far-red light. A phytochrome binding protein, PKS1 (phytochrome kinase substrate 1), was identified that is a substrate for light-regulated phytochrome kinase activity in vitro. In vivo experiments suggest that PKS1 is phosphorylated in a phytochrome-dependent manner and negatively regulates phytochrome signaling. The data suggest that phytochromes signal by serine-threonine phosphorylation.
Noscapine alters microtubule dynamics in living cells and inhibits the progression of melanoma (2002)

Cellular microtubules, polymers of tubulin, alternate relentlessly between phases of growth and shortening. We now show that noscapine, a tubulin-binding agent, increases the time that cellular microtubules spend idle in a paused state. As a result, most mammalian cell types observed arrest in mitosis in the presence of noscapine. We demonstrate that noscapine-treated murine melanoma B16LS9 cells do not arrest in mitosis but rather become polyploid followed by cell death, whereas primary melanocytes reversibly arrest in mitosis and resume a normal cell cycle after noscapine removal. Furthermore, in a syngeneic murine model of established s.c. melanoma, noscapine treatment resulted in an 85% inhibition of tumor volume on day 17 when delivered by gavage compared with untreated animals (P <or= 0.01), without evidence of toxicity to the spleen, liver, duodenum, bone marrow, or peripheral blood. This inhibition was greater than that seen in vivo by paclitaxel (Taxol) alone and similar to the inhibition of tumor volume observed when noscapine was combined with paclitaxel. Importantly, noscapine also demonstrated the ability to significantly inhibit melanoma progression by 83% on day 18 when delivered in drinking water (P <or= 0.01) and conferred a significant survival advantage (P <or= 0.01). Our results demonstrate that p.o.-administered noscapine significantly inhibits the progression of melanoma cells through alterations in microtubule dynamics, with no detected toxicity to the host. Consequently, noscapine could be a valuable chemotherapeutic agent, alone or in combination, for the treatment of advanced melanoma.
Optical bent rib waveguide with reduced transition losses (1996)

Large losses occur at the transition between straight and curved rib waveguide segments. A bent optical rib waveguide is analyzed by the 3D imaginary-distance beam propagation method (BPM). The BPM is implemented with 3D finite differences. The transition losses are reduced with several techniques: (1) the offset between bent and straight guides, (2) trench location and sizes, (3) optimized slope of rib sidewall.
A selective novel low‐molecular‐weight inhibitor of I<i>κ</i>B kinase‐<i>β</i> (IKK‐<i>β</i>) prevents pulmonary inflammation and shows broad anti‐inflammatory activity (2005)

1 Pulmonary inflammatory diseases such as asthma are characterized by chronic, cell-mediated inflammation of the bronchial mucosa. 2 Recruitment and activation of inflammatory cells is orchestrated by a variety of mediators such as cytokines, chemokines, or adhesion molecules, the expression of which is regulated via the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB). 3 NF-kappaB signaling is controlled by the inhibitor of kappa B kinase complex (IKK), a critical catalytic subunit of which is IKK-beta. 4 We identified COMPOUND A as a small-molecule, ATP-competitive inhibitor selectively targeting IKK-beta kinase activity with a K(i) value of 2 nM. 5 COMPOUND A inhibited stress-induced NF-kappaB transactivation, chemokine-, cytokine-, and adhesion molecule expression, and T- and B-cell proliferation. 6 COMPOUND A is orally bioavailable and inhibited the release of LPS-induced TNF-alpha in rodents. 7 In mice COMPOUND A inhibited cockroach allergen-induced airway inflammation and hyperreactivity and efficiently abrogated leukocyte trafficking induced by carrageenan in mice or by ovalbumin in a rat model of airway inflammation. 8 COMPOUND A was well tolerated by rodents over 3 weeks without affecting weight gain. 9 Furthermore, in mice COMPOUND A suppressed edema formation in response to arachidonic acid, phorbol ester, or edema induced by delayed-type hypersensitivity. 10 These data suggest that IKK-beta inhibitors offer an effective therapeutic approach for inhibiting chronic pulmonary inflammation.
RNAi Screen Reveals an Abl Kinase-Dependent Host Cell Pathway Involved in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Internalization (2008)

Internalization of the pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa by non-phagocytic cells is promoted by rearrangements of the actin cytoskeleton, but the host pathways usurped by this bacterium are not clearly understood. We used RNAi-mediated gene inactivation of approximately 80 genes known to regulate the actin cytoskeleton in Drosophila S2 cells to identify host molecules essential for entry of P. aeruginosa. This work revealed Abl tyrosine kinase, the adaptor protein Crk, the small GTPases Rac1 and Cdc42, and p21-activated kinase as components of a host signaling pathway that leads to internalization of P. aeruginosa. Using a variety of complementary approaches, we validated the role of this pathway in mammalian cells. Remarkably, ExoS and ExoT, type III secreted toxins of P. aeruginosa, target this pathway by interfering with GTPase function and, in the case of ExoT, by abrogating P. aeruginosa-induced Abl-dependent Crk phosphorylation. Altogether, this work reveals that P. aeruginosa utilizes the Abl pathway for entering host cells and reveals unexpected complexity by which the P. aeruginosa type III secretion system modulates this internalization pathway. Our results furthermore demonstrate the applicability of using RNAi screens to identify host signaling cascades usurped by microbial pathogens that may be potential targets for novel therapies directed against treatment of antibiotic-resistant infections.
All-optical generation of a 21 GHz microwave carrier by incorporating a double-Brillouin frequency shifter (2010)

An all-optical generation of a microwave carrier at 21 GHz that incorporates a double-Brillouin frequency shifter is presented. The frequency shift of approximately 21 GHz is achieved by generating the second-order Brillouin Stokes signal from the Brillouin pump. This is accomplished through the circulation and isolation of its first-order Stokes signal in the optical fiber. The Brillouin pump signal is heterodyned with its second-order Brillouin Stokes signal at a high-speed photodetector, and the output beating frequency is equal to the offset between these two signals. The generated microwave carrier is measured at 21.3968 GHz, and the carrier phase noise as low as -58.67 dBc/Hz is achieved.
Effects of Very Long (up to 10 Years) Proton Pump Blockade on Human Gastric Mucosa (2001)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; Long-term use of proton pump inhibitors (PPI) has been reported to worsen oxyntic mucosa gastritis and the resulting gland atrophy has been considered a potential risk factor for neoplastic changes in the gastric mucosa. &lt;i&gt;Aims:&lt;/i&gt; The present study examines the effect of extended continuous PPI treatment for up to 10 years on the exocrine and endocrine stomach of patients with acid-related diseases of the upper GI tract. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; Biopsies from the antral and oxyntic mucosa taken at regular time intervals were examined for gastritis, atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, &lt;i&gt;Helicobacter pylori&lt;/i&gt; and argyrophil cells and correlated to serum gastrin levels. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; A general amelioration of antral gastritis without relevant changes of atrophy or intestinal metaplasia, contrasted with the worsening of gastritis and gland atrophy seen in the oxyntic mucosa of reflux esophagitis (but not gastric or duodenal ulcer) patients in the presence of &lt;i&gt;H. pylori&lt;/i&gt; infection. In association with PPI- induced hypergastrinemia, argyrophil cell hyperplasia (but not dysplasia or neoplasia) developed in the oxyntic mucosa. &lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/i&gt; The present results outline the milder pretreatment pattern and higher proneness to PPI-related, &lt;i&gt;H. pylori&lt;/i&gt;-restricted worsening of oxyntic mucosa gastritis in reflux esophagitis compared to gastric ulcer or duodenal ulcer patients. In addition, they confirm a substantial safety of long-term PPI therapy as concerns neoplastic changes in the exocrine and endocrine human stomach.
Effects of feeding sunflower oil or seal blubber oil to horses with recurrent airway obstruction. (2007)

A crossover feeding trial was performed with 9 horses suffering from recurrent airway obstruction (RAO). The study aimed to determine whether ingestion of sunflower oil (SFO), rich in linoleic acid, or seal blubber oil (SBO), a source of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFAs), changes the fatty acid (FA) ratios in plasma and leukocyte membrane phospholipids (PLs) or the leukocyte numbers or proportions of cell types in the airways. We also investigated diet-related changes in respiratory rate, maximum change in pleural pressure (deltaPpl(max)), dynamic compliance (C(dyn)), and pulmonary resistance (RL). Each animal was fed hay and oats supplemented with 320 mg/kg body weight (BW) of either SFO or SBO for 10 wk. Before and after the feeding periods, we performed FA analyses, cytologic testing of the pulmonary epithelial lining fluid (PELF), clinical scoring, and pulmonary function testing. The results demonstrated that supplementary FAs were readily ingested and incorporated into leukocyte cell membranes. The n-6:n-3 FA ratios in plasma and leukocyte PLs were reduced after SBO supplementation, as were the PELF leukocyte counts (P < 0.05). On the other hand, pulmonary function and clinical signs were not markedly changed by the different dietary FAs. These results indicate a possible influence of dietary n-3 PUFAs on the pulmonary inflammation of horses with RAO. Further studies are warranted to address effects on inflammatory mediators and clinical outcome.
Invited paper: Embedded face and biometric technologies for national and border security (2011)

The CCTV surveillance industry is undergoing a sea change due to the adoption of IP technologies. This is allowing the integration of a plethora of new cameras and other sensors into huge integrated networks. Adoption of IP technologies is presenting opportunities for scalable visual analytics that has the potential to add enormous value to entire camera networks. One such technology is scalable robust face search to identify persons of interest in large crowds. Not only are such systems required to work robustly in a wide variety of conditions, they must also be extremely fast and scalable to hundreds, if not thousands, of high definition camera nodes. Developing and testing such technology is challenging and requires a combination of fast algorithms, distributed databases, mobile platform integration, parallel processing using distributed middleware such as ROS, and GPU acceleration using tools such as CUDA and OpenCL. In this paper we cover emerging system trends such as super-megapixel cameras, post incident digital PTZ, integration and fusion of video and non-video sensors, multimodal remote biometrics including face and iris on the move. Finally, recognition results will be presented from a formal face recognition trial in early 2011 in one of Asia's largest International airports.
Accurate Fine-Grained Processor Power Proxies (2012)

There are not yet practical and accurate ways to directly measure core power in a microprocessor. This limits the granularity of measurement and control for computer power management. We overcome this limitation by presenting an accurate runtime per-core power proxy which closely estimates true core power. This enables new fine-grained microprocessor power management techniques at the core level. For example, cloud environments could manage and bill virtual machines for energy consumption associated with the core. The power model underlying our power proxy also enables energy-efficiency controllers to perform what-if analysis, instead of merely reacting to current conditions. We develop and validate a methodology for accurate power proxy training at both chip and core levels. Our implementation of power proxies uses on-chip logic in a high-performance multi-core processor and associated platform firmware. The power proxies account for full voltage and frequency ranges, as well as chip-to-chip process variations. For fixed clock frequency operation, a mean unsigned error of 1.8% for fine-grained 32ms samples across all workloads was achieved. For an interval of an entire workload, we achieve an average error of-0.2%. Similar results were achieved for voltage-scaling scenarios, too. We also present two sample applications of the power proxy: (1) per-core power billing for cloud computing services, and (2) simultaneous runtime energy saving comparisons among different power management policies without running each policy separately.
Interaction of Aniline with Diazotising and Nitrating Agents in Concentrated Sulfuric Acid (1995)

The interaction of aniline with nitrosonium hydrogensulfate then with nitric acid in concentrated sulfuric acid does not occur through diazotisation and subsequent nitration of the benzenediazonium ion, but instead involves nitrosonium ion catalysed nitration of anilinium ion in the para-position together with uncatalysed nitration in the meta- and para-positions followed by diazotisation on dilution with water.