gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ezh2 Acts as a Tumor Suppressor in Kras-driven Lung Adenocarcinoma (2017)

Previous studies have suggested that enhancer zeste homolog 2 (Ezh2), a histone methyltransferase subunit of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), acts as an oncogene in lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) development. However, we found that in human lung ADC samples, deletion and mutations of <i>EZH2</i> were also frequently present, with 14% of patients harboring loss-of-function <i>EZH2</i> alterations. To explore the effect of <i>Ezh2</i> loss on lung tumor formation, lung epithelial <i>Ezh2</i> gene was deleted in Kras-driven lung ADC mouse model. Unexpectedly, <i>Ezh2</i> loss dramatically promoted Kras-driven ADC formation. Kras<sup>G12D/+</sup>;Ezh2<sup>fl/fl</sup> mice exhibited shorter lifespan, more tumor lesions and higher tumor burden than Kras<sup>G12D/+</sup> mice, suggesting the tumor-suppressive role of Ezh2 in Kras-driven ADCs. Mechanistically, <i>Ezh2</i> loss amplified Akt and ERK activation through de-repressing its target insulin-like growth factor 1 (Igf1). Additionally, <i>Ezh2</i> loss cooperated with <i>Kras</i> mutation to exacerbate the inflammatory response, as shown by massive macrophage and neutrophil infiltrates, as well as a marked increase in tumor-associated cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α. Taken together, our findings revealed the tumor suppressive function of Ezh2 in Kras-driven ADCs, underlining the importance of revaluating the application of EZH2 inhibitors in a variety of cancers.
How Caloric Vestibular Irritation Influences Migraine Attacks (1990)

Stimulation of the vestibular system by cold irritation of the ear was performed in 12 patients during a migraine attack. In eleven of the subjects the headache was changed. The changes varied from completely disappeared to a slight decrease. The duration of the changes was either several minutes, during the vestibular irritation, or days. All changes were related to the induced sensation of vertigo. We discuss the probable mechanisms of these vestibular influences.
Cytokine-mediated Induction of Ceramide Production Is Redox-sensitive (1998)

The present study underlines the importance of reactive oxygen species in cytokine-mediated degradation of sphingomyelin (SM) to ceramide. Treatment of rat primary astrocytes with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) or interleukin-1beta led to marked alteration in cellular redox (decrease in intracellular GSH) and rapid degradation of SM to ceramide. Interestingly, pretreatment of astrocytes with N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an antioxidant and efficient thiol source for glutathione, prevented cytokine-induced decrease in GSH and degradation of sphingomyelin to ceramide, whereas treatment of astrocytes with diamide, a thiol-depleting agent, alone caused degradation of SM to ceramide. Moreover, potent activation of SM hydrolysis and ceramide generation were observed by direct addition of an oxidant like hydrogen peroxide or a prooxidant like aminotriazole. Similar to NAC, pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate, another antioxidant, was also found to be a potent inhibitor of cytokine-induced degradation of SM to ceramide indicating that cytokine-induced hydrolysis of sphingomyelin is redox-sensitive. Besides astrocytes, NAC also blocked cytokine-mediated ceramide production in rat primary oligodendrocytes, microglia, and C6 glial cells. Inhibition of TNF-alpha- and diamide-mediated depletion of GSH, elevation of ceramide level, and DNA fragmentation (apoptosis) in primary oligodendrocytes by NAC, and observed depletion of GSH, elevation of ceramide level, and apoptosis in banked human brains from patients with neuroinflammatory diseases (e.g. X-adrenoleukodystrophy and multiple sclerosis) suggest that the intracellular level of GSH may play a critical role in the regulation of cytokine-induced generation of ceramide leading to apoptosis of brain cells in these diseases.
&lt;title&gt;Real-time simulation and visualization of volumetric brain deformation for image-guided neurosurgery&lt;/title&gt; (2001)

During neurosurgery, the challenge for the neurosurgeon is to remove as much as possible of a tumor without destroying healthy tissue. This can be difficult because healthy and diseased tissue can have the same visual appearance. To this aim, and because the surgeon cannot see underneath the brain surface, image-guided neurosurgery systems are being increasingly used. However, during surgery, deformation of the brain occurs (due to brain shift and tumor resection), therefore causing errors in the surgical planning with respect to preoperative imaging. In our previous work, we developed software for capturing the deformation of the brain during neurosurgery. The software also allows preoperative data to be updated according to the intraoperative imaging so as to reflect the shape changes of the brain during surgery. Our goal in this paper was to rapidly visualize and characterize this deformation over the course of surgery with appropriate tools. Therefore, we developed tools allowing the doctor to visualize (in 2D and 3D) deformations, as well as the stress tensors characterizing the deformation along with the updated preoperative and intraoperative imaging during the course of surgery. Such tools significantly add to the value of intraoperative imaging and hence could improve surgical outcomes.
The HAT4 gene of Arabidopsis encodes a developmental regulator. (1993)

The HAT4 gene from the plant Arabidopsis thaliana encodes a homeo domain protein that contains a leucine zipper motif. Homeo domain-leucine zipper (HD-Zip) proteins have not been found in animal systems, suggesting that HAT4 may define a new family of transcription factors that regulate higher plant development. To explore this possibility, functional studies of HAT4 were carried out in yeast and in transgenic plants. Point mutants of HAT4 isolated in yeast define functionally critical residues within the HD-Zip domain, many of which correspond to highly conserved positions in known homeo domains and leucine zippers. Transgenic plants bearing constructs that alter HAT4 expression exhibit a series of interesting developmental phenotypes, including changes in morphology and developmental rate. Thus, the HAT4 gene of Arabidopsis encodes an HD-Zip protein that functions as a novel developmental regulator.
A new chain extension reaction on poly(lactic–glycolic acid) (PLGA) thermal oligomers leading to high molecular weight PLGA-based polymeric products (1998)

A novel and effective chain-extension procedure for obtaining high-molecular-weight PLGA-based bioerodible polymers is described. This procedure consists in a polycondensation reaction between PLGA thermal oligomers of average molecular weight 1000–3000 and bischlorofomates of either simple diols or α,ω-bis-hydroxylated oligomers, such as polyethyleneglycols or bis-hydroxy terminated poly-ε-caprolactones. In the latter case, multiblock copolymers are obtained. By varying the nature and the length of the starting diol, as well as the lactic/glycolic acid molar ratio in the starting PLGA oligomer, products with widely different physicochemical properties can be synthesized. In particular, dissolution times in aqueous media can be tuned within an ample range, from a few days to several months. This provides exceptional opportunities for designing products whose properties are tailored in view of specific applications in the biomedical field. © 1998 SCI.
A Novel Cu-Assisted Cycloisomerization of Alkynyl Imines:  Efficient Synthesis of Pyrroles and Pyrrole-Containing Heterocycles (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTA Novel Cu-Assisted Cycloisomerization of Alkynyl Imines: Efficient Synthesis of Pyrroles and Pyrrole-Containing HeterocyclesAlexander V. Kel'in, Anna W. Sromek, and Vladimir GevorgyanView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607-7061 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 9, 2074–2075Publication Date (Web):February 8, 2001Publication History Received11 December 2000Published online8 February 2001Published inissue 1 March 2001https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0058684Copyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views6984Altmetric-Citations397LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (44 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Heterocyclic compounds,Hydrocarbons,Isomerization,Pyridines,Pyrroles Get e-Alerts
Oral immunization of interleukin-4 (IL-4) knockout mice with a recombinant Salmonella strain or cholera toxin reveals that CD4+ Th2 cells producing IL-6 and IL-10 are associated with mucosal immunoglobulin A responses (1996)

Mucosal immunoglobulin A (IgA) responses are often associated with Th2-type cells and derived cytokines, and interleukin-4 (IL-4) knockout (IL-4-/-) mice with impaired Th2 cells respond poorly to oral antigens. However, we have noted that IL-4-/- mice have normal mucosal IgA levels, which led us to query whether different oral delivery systems could elicit mucosal immunity. Two oral regimens were used: (i) a live recombinant Salmonella strain which expresses fragment C (ToxC) of tetanus toxin, and (ii) soluble tetanus toxoid (TT) with cholera toxin (CT) as an adjuvant. Oral immunization of IL-4-/- mice with recombinant Salmonella vaccine expressing ToxC induced brisk mucosal IgA and serum IgG (mainly IgG2a) anti-TT antibody responses. TT-specific CD4+ T cells from spleen or Peyer's patches produced gamma interferon, indicative of Th1 responses; however, IL-6 and IL-10 were also seen. Oral immunization of IL-4-/- mice with TT and CT induced weak mucosal IgA to TT; however, brisk IgA anti-CT-B responses and CT-B-specific CD4+ T cells producing IL-6 and IL-10 were also noted. These results show that although IL-4-dependent antibody responses are impaired, mucosal IgA responses are induced in IL-4-/- mice. These result suggest that certain cytokines, i.e., IL-6 and IL-10 from Th2-type cells, play an important compensatory role in the induction and regulation of mucosal IgA responses.
IL-21 is expressed in Hodgkin lymphoma and activates STAT5: evidence that activated STAT5 is required for Hodgkin lymphomagenesis (2008)

Classical Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a malignant disorder characterized by the presence of neoplastic mononucleated Hodgkin and multinucleated Reed-Sternberg cells. Here, we show that both the interleukin (IL)-21 receptor as well as IL-21 are expressed by HL cells. IL-21 activates signal transducer of activation and transcription 3 (STAT3) and STAT5 in HL cell lines and activated human B cells. Ectopic expression of constitutively active STAT5 in primary human B cells resulted in immortalized B cells that have lost the B-cell phenotype and strongly resembled HL cells, which could partially be rescued by ectopic expression of the B cell-determining transcription factor E47. Data from experiments using reporter assays and overexpression of constitutively active IKK2 support the hypothesis that the STAT5 and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) pathways collaborate in HL genesis.
Nuclear effects: unexpected intracellular actions of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (2002)

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein (IGFBP)-3 has been shown to be a growth inhibitory, apoptosis-inducing molecule by virtue of its ability to bind IGFs, in addition to previously demonstrated IGF-independent effects. The recent discovery of the interaction between nuclear IGFBP-3 and 9-cis retinoic acid receptor-alpha (retinoid X receptor alpha RXRalpha), a nuclear receptor, and its involvement in the regulation of transcriptional signaling and apoptosis represents an important paradigm shift in the understanding of IGFBP function. RXRalpha is required for the apoptosis-inducing effects of IGFBP-3. IGFBP-3 and RXR ligands are additive in inducing apoptosis in cancer cells. IGFBP-3 has direct effects on gene transcription, as RXR response element reporter signaling was enhanced and the all-trans retinoic acid receptor response element reporter signaling was inhibited. Accumulating evidence further confirms IGF-independent functions of this multifunction binding protein. Other binding proteins, in addition to other members of the IGF axis, have now been described in the nucleus and are postulated to have effects on transcriptional events. Investigation into these new interactions will expose new protein partners in the interface between the nuclear receptor and growth factor pathways and reveal new targets to be exploited in the treatment of cancer and other diseases.
BIRCH (1996)

Finding useful patterns in large datasets has attracted considerable interest recently, and one of the most widely studied problems in this area is the identification of clusters, or densely populated regions, in a multi-dimensional dataset. Prior work does not adequately address the problem of large datasets and minimization of I/O costs.This paper presents a data clustering method named BIRCH (Balanced Iterative Reducing and Clustering using Hierarchies), and demonstrates that it is especially suitable for very large databases. BIRCH incrementally and dynamically clusters incoming multi-dimensional metric data points to try to produce the best quality clustering with the available resources (i.e., available memory and time constraints). BIRCH can typically find a good clustering with a single scan of the data, and improve the quality further with a few additional scans. BIRCH is also the first clustering algorithm proposed in the database area to handle "noise" (data points that are not part of the underlying pattern) effectively.We evaluate BIRCH 's time/space efficiency, data input order sensitivity, and clustering quality through several experiments. We also present a performance comparisons of BIRCH versus CLARANS, a clustering method proposed recently for large datasets, and show that BIRCH is consistently superior.
DLS: dynamic backlight luminance scaling of liquid crystal display (2004)

Backlight systems dominate the power requirements of battery-operated hand-held devices with color thin-film transistor (TFT), liquid crystal displays (LCDs). We introduce dynamic luminance scaling of the backlight with appropriate image compensation. Dynamic backlight luminance scaling (DLS) keeps the perceived intensity or contrast of the image as close as possible to the original while achieving significant power reduction. DLS compromises quality of image between power consumption, which fulfills a large variety of user preferences in power-aware multimedia applications. DLS saves 20% to 80% of power consumption of the backlight systems while keeping a reasonable amount of image quality degradation.
Peptide Deformylase in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> : Resistance to Inhibition Is Mediated by Mutations in the Formyltransferase Gene (2000)

Peptide deformylase, a bacterial enzyme, represents a novel target for antibiotic discovery. Two deformylase homologs, defA and defB, were identified in Staphylococcus aureus. The defA homolog, located upstream of the transformylase gene, was identified by genomic analysis and was cloned from chromosomal DNA by PCR. A distinct homolog, defB, was cloned from an S. aureus genomic library by complementation of the arabinose-dependent phenotype of a P(BAD)-def Escherichia coli strain grown under arabinose-limiting conditions. Overexpression in E. coli of defB, but not defA, correlated to increased deformylase activity and decreased susceptibility to actinonin, a deformylase-specific inhibitor. The defB gene could not be disrupted in wild-type S. aureus, suggesting that this gene, which encodes a functional deformylase, is essential. In contrast, the defA gene could be inactivated; the function of this gene is unknown. Actinonin-resistant mutants grew slowly in vitro and did not show cross-resistance to other classes of antibiotics. When compared to the parent, an actinonin-resistant strain produced an attenuated infection in a murine abscess model, indicating that this strain also has a growth disadvantage in vivo. Sequence analysis of the actinonin-resistant mutants revealed that each harbors a loss-of-function mutation in the fmt gene. Susceptibility to actinonin was restored when the wild-type fmt gene was introduced into these mutant strains. An S. aureus Deltafmt strain was also resistant to actinonin, suggesting that a functional deformylase activity is not required in a strain that lacks formyltransferase activity. Accordingly, the defB gene could be disrupted in an fmt mutant.
Backbone and side-chain motion in myosin, subfragment 1, and rod determined by natural abundance carbon-13 NMR. (1984)

We report natural abundance carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance studies of myosin, subfragment 1 (S-1), and myosin rod in solution and of myosin filaments. We measured solution spectra at 37.7 MHz, 20 degrees C with scalar proton decoupling. If the native proteins were rigid particles, only S-1 would have observable intensity. In fact, 30% of myosin, 70% of S-1, and 30% of rod carbons are observable. Observable carbons possess rotational correlation times less than 10(-7) s which effectively average 13C-1H dipolar coupling and anisotropic chemical shift interactions. Short alpha-carbon region spin-lattice relaxation times (T1) and nonminimal 13C-1H nuclear Overhauser enhancements suggest restricted nanosecond motions of backbone atoms. This is direct evidence for internal motion of backbone and side-chain carbons in myosin and its fragments. Double resonance experiments at 15.1 MHz and 5 degrees C with pelleted myosin filaments detected carbon atoms in rigid domains. While most (80%) aliphatic carbons are strongly 13C-1H dipolar coupled due to limited motion, they have short T1 values and large nuclear Overhauser enhancement values; this is evidence for high frequency restricted motion. Cross-polarization experiments show that the 13C carbonyl line width is motionally narrowed, suggesting broad backbone motions in the 100 mus range. Thus, motion in filaments is highly anisotropic.
Whither Subatmospheric Pressure Dressing? (2000)

The author's group is working on two government-funded, multicenter, randomized, controlled studies of SPD therapy for pressure ulcers and amputation stump wounds at New York University Medical Center and has published several articles on this topic. © 2000 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.
Efficiency of body biasing in 90-nm CMOS for low-power digital circuits (2005)

The efficiency of body biasing for leakage reduction and performance improvement in a 90-nm CMOS low-power technology with triple-well option is evaluated. Static measurements of single devices and dynamic measurements of ring oscillators and 32-b parallel prefix adders are presented. Whereas forward biasing still provides a significant performance improvement of up to 37% for low-leakage devices with 2.2-nm gate oxide thickness, the application of reverse biasing to reduce subthreshold leakage currents is inefficient due to additional leakage currents such as gate leakage and gate-induced drain leakage. Experimental results confirm that, in 90-nm CMOS circuits, the efficiency of body biasing strongly depends on the device type and operating temperature. Moreover, the impact of the zero-temperature coefficient point on static device and dynamic circuit performance is investigated.
Human innate immune cells that engage soluble beta-1,3/1,6 glucans: Role for complement receptor 3 (CR3, CD11b/CD18) (89.53) (2010)

Abstract Beta-1,3/1,6 glucans (BGs) are a diverse class of PAMPs. Structurally, BGs can vary on the basis of chain length, types of linkages, branching, and tertiary structure. BGs have been reported to activate various types of innate immune cells; most studies demonstrate the use of particulate BGs activating murine immune cells. Unlike particulate BGs, most soluble BGs demonstrated minimal activities typically associated with innate immune cell activation, such as induction of cytokines. Hence, little is known regarding the types of human immune cells or receptors that engage soluble BGs, and if structurally distinct BGs differ in their cell selectivity or receptor requirements. The objective of this study was to determine the types of human immune cells that soluble BGs bind to, and to determine the receptors required for binding. Since BGs have been implicated in interacting with Dectin-1 and CR3 expressing cells, we hypothesize that human innate immune cells that express these receptors will bind soluble BGs. Specific binding of BGs was evaluated by flow cytometry on primary human immune cells and cell lines using BG specific antibody and DTAF-labeled BGs. In addition, these studies were conducted using three structurally distinct, purified, and chemically characterized BGs. Key findings demonstrate that on cells that express both CR3 and Dectin-1, CR3 is a critical receptor for binding soluble BGs and not all BGs bind equivalently to human innate immune cells.
Integrating Video Rendering into Graphics Accelerator Chips (1995)

The fusion of multimedia and traditional computer graphics has long been predicted but has been slow to happen. The delay is due to many factors, including their dramatically different data type and bandwidth requirements. Digital has designed a pair of related graphics accelerator chips that integrate video rendering primitives with two-dimensional and threedimensional synthetic graphics primitives. The chips perform one-dimensional filtering and scaling on either YUV or RGB source data. One implementation dithers YUV source data down to 256 colors. The other converts YUV to 24-bit RGB, which is then optionally dithered. Both chips leave image decompression to the CPU.
Coupled Experimental Study and Thermodynamic Modeling of Melting Point and Thermal Stability of Li2CO3-Na2CO3-K2CO3 Based Salts (2014)

Nitrate based salts have application as a heat transfer fluid and thermal energy storage media in solar field installations and are normally used from 200 °C up to maximum temperatures of ∼550 °C. Molten K2CO3-Na2CO3-Li2CO3 could potentially be used as heat transfer fluid and thermal energy storage media to replace nitrate salts due to its wider temperature operating window (400–900 °C), which improves the heat transfer efficiency. There will be improved operability and the process will be more economical viable if the lower temperature at which carbonate salts can operate could be decreased. This paper explores the melting point and high temperature stability of K2CO3-Na2CO3-Li2CO3 based salt mixtures, the effect of atmosphere and the effect of additives to the melt using experimental investigation and thermodynamic modeling.