gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
End-to-End Deep Learning of Optical Fiber Communications (2018)

In this paper, we implement an optical fiber communication system as an end-to-end deep neural network, including the complete chain of transmitter, channel model, and receiver. This approach enables the optimization of the transceiver in a single end-to-end process. We illustrate the benefits of this method by applying it to intensity modulation/direct detection (IM/DD) systems and show that we can achieve bit error rates below the 6.7% hard-decision forward error correction (HD-FEC) threshold. We model all componentry of the transmitter and receiver, as well as the fiber channel, and apply deep learning to find transmitter and receiver configurations minimizing the symbol error rate. We propose and verify in simulations a training method that yields robust and flexible transceivers that allow-without reconfiguration-reliable transmission over a large range of link dispersions. The results from end-to-end deep learning are successfully verified for the first time in an experiment. In particular, we achieve information rates of 42 Gb/s below the HD-FEC threshold at distances beyond 40 km. We find that our results outperform conventional IM/DD solutions based on two- and four-level pulse amplitude modulation with feedforward equalization at the receiver. Our study is the first step toward end-to-end deep learning based optimization of optical fiber communication systems.
Highly Non‐Linear Quantum Dot Doped Nanocomposites for Functional Three‐Dimensional Structures Generated by Two‐Photon Polymerization (2010)

A nanocomposite consisting of a photosensitive organic–inorganic hybrid polymer functionalized with PbS quantum dots has been developed using a sol–gel process. The uniformly dispersed nanocomposite exhibits ultrahigh third-order non-linearity (–3.2 × 10−12 cm2 W−1) because of the strong quantum confinement of small-sized and narrowly distributed quantum dots. The non-linear nanocomposite has been proven to be suitable for the fabrication of 3D micro/nano photonic devices using two-photon polymerization. The fabricated photonic crystals show stop gaps with more than 60% suppression in transmission at the telecommunications wavelength region.
Systèmes auto-émulsionnables et émulsions sèches (2005)

Les systemes auto-emulsionnables et les emulsions seches sont des formulations lipidiques innovantes en plein developpement. Leur principal interet est d'augmenter la biodisponibilite des substances actives lipophiles, tout en ameliorant la stabilite de ces formes au plan physico-chimique et microbiologique. Leur principale difference est liee a leur procede d'obtention : les systemes auto-emulsionnables sont formules en absence d'eau (melange d'une phase lipidique et de tensioactifs) et les emulsions seches sont obtenues par adsorption ou sechage d'une emulsion classique. Grâce a leurs proprietes, ces formes galeniques presentent un interet croissant tant en recherche qu'en developpement industriel.
RIBBONS 2.0 (1991)

The program RIBBONS 2.0 allows real-time viewing of solid shaded ribbon models of macromolecules. The primary features of the software are the ability to create a wide variety of styles of ribbon drawings interactively and to toggle between various coloring schemes chosen to reflect assorted geometrical and biochemical properties. Spheres, cylinders, dots, polygons and text are also supported. The auxiliary programs included make RIBBONS 2.0 a powerful tool for visual structural analysis as well as for presentation graphics. The program is currently available only for the Silicon Graphics 4D series of workstations. A port to the Evans & Sutherland ESV workstation employing PEX is under development.
Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Flash Crowds on the Internet (2003)

A flash crowd is a surge in traffic to a particular web site that causes the site to be virtually unreachable. We present a model of flash crowd events and evaluate the performance of various multi-level caching techniques suitable for managing these events. Our results show that significant reductions in client response times and server and network loads can be achieved during flash crowds using basic caching techniques, and even more savings can be realized with judicious choice of replacement algorithms and placement of proxies.
The Endocrine Regulation of Aging by Insulin-like Signals (2003)

Reduced signaling of insulin-like peptides increases the life-span of nematodes, flies, and rodents. In the nematode and the fly, secondary hormones downstream of insulin-like signaling appear to regulate aging. In mammals, the order in which the hormones act is unresolved because insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1, growth hormone, and thyroid hormones are interdependent. In all species examined to date, endocrine manipulations can slow aging without concurrent costs in reproduction, but with inevitable increases in stress resistance. Despite the similarities among mammals and invertebrates in insulin-like peptides and their signal cascade, more research is needed to determine whether these signals control aging in the same way in all the species by the same mechanism.
Prior Statin Therapy Is Associated With a Decreased Rate of Severe Sepsis (2004)

Prior therapy with statins may be associated with a reduced rate of severe sepsis and ICU admission. If supported by prospective controlled trials, statins may have a role in the primary prevention of sepsis.
Active Site–Blocked Factors VIIa and IXa Differentially Inhibit Fibrin Formation in a Human Ex Vivo Thrombosis Model (1995)

The role of tissue factor/factor VIIa (FVIIa) and factor VIIIa/factor IXa (FVIIIa/FIXa) complexes in thrombus formation was examined in a human ex vivo blood flow system by use of active site-blocked FVIIa (FVIIai) and FIXa (FIXai) as selective inhibitors. Blood was drawn directly from the veins of volunteers into a mixing device where FVIIai and FIXai were mixed with flowing blood. The blood then entered parallel-plate chambers containing coverslips coated with human fibrillar collagen or tissue factor-expressing cell layers of tumor necrosis factor-alpha-stimulated human endothelial cells, human smooth muscle cells, and J82 cells. Exposure of stimulated endothelial cells to blood flowing at a venous shear rate of 65/s led to fibrin deposition, which was inhibited by infusion of FVIIai (IC50, 3 nmol/L), as quantified by micro-densitometry of fibrin-stained coverslips. Whereas FIXai (600 nmol/L) was only a weak inhibitor, FVIIai (60 nmol/L) reduced fibrinopeptide A (FPA) plasma levels from 504 +/- 79 to 171 +/- 27 ng/mL and concomitantly inhibited platelet thrombus deposition. Similarly, experiments with smooth muscle cells and J82 cells showed that FVIIai but not FIXai efficiently reduced FPA levels. Conversely, with tissue factor-free collagen, ,hich induces platelet-dependent fibrin formation, infusion of FIXai but not of FVIIai inhibited fibrin deposition (IC50, 8 nmol/L) and reduced FPA levels from 55 +/- 8 to 9 +/- 5 ng/mL. However, FIXai did not affect the number of platelet thrombi deposited on collagen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Efficient Feedback via Subspace-Based Channel Quantization for Distributed Cooperative Antenna Systems with Temporally Correlated Channels (2007)

It is one of the biggest challenges of distributed cooperative antenna (COOPA) systems to provide base stations (BSs) with downlink channel information for transmit filtering (precoding). In this paper, we propose a novel feedback scheme via a subspace-based channel quantization method. The proposed scheme adopts the chordal distance as a channel quantizer criterion so as to capture channel characteristics represented by subspaces spanned by the channel matrix. We also propose a combined feedback scheme which is based on the hierarchical codebook construction method in an effort to reduce the feedback overhead by exploiting the temporal correlation of the channel. The proposed methods are tested for distributed COOPA systems in terms of simulations. Simulation results show that the proposed subspace-based channel quantization method outperforms the analog pilot retransmission method, and the combined feedback scheme performs as well as the permanent full-feedback scheme with a much smaller amount of uplink resources.
Buccal DNA Collection: Comparison of Buccal Swabs with FTA Cards (2006)

Collection and analysis of DNA, most commonly from blood or buccal cells, is becoming more common in epidemiologic studies. Buccal samples, which are painless to take and relatively easily collected, are often the preferred source. There are several buccal cell collection methods: swabs, brushes, mouthwash, and treated cards, such as FTA or IsoCode cards. Few studies have systematically compared methods of buccal cell collection with respect to DNA yield and amplification success under similar conditions. We compared buccal DNA collection and amplification using buccal swabs and FTA cards in 122 control subjects from our Australian case-control study of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Buccal DNA was quantified using a real-time PCR for beta-actin and genotyped at the loci of three polymorphisms (MTHFR 677C>T, ACE I/D, and XPD 1012G>A). PCR was successful with DNA from buccal swabs for 62% to 89% of subjects and from FTA cards for 83% to 100% of subjects, depending on the locus. The matched pair odds ratios (95% confidence interval) comparing success of FTA cards with buccal swabs are as follows: MTHFR 677C>T using PCR-RFLP, 12.5 (11.6-13.5) and using real-time PCR, 130.0 (113.1-152.8); ACE I/D using PCR-amplified fragment length polymorphism, 3.36 (3.2-3.5); XPD 1012G>A using real-time PCR, 150.0 (132.7-172.3). FTA cards are a robust DNA collection method and generally produce DNA suitable for PCR more reliably than buccal swabs. There are, however, technical challenges in handling discs punched from FTA cards that intending users should be aware of.
A dynamic resource allocation strategy for future UMTS (2002)

A distributed dynamic resource allocation (DDRA) strategy is proposed for a hierarchical cellular structure (HCS), where resources are shared not only between cells of the same hierarchy but between layers. This strategy is evaluated using the hybrid TDMA/CDMA proposal made in the Frames Project Mode 1 (FM1) as a case study. Users are classified according to their speed as slow moving users and fast moving users and are attended to by the most suitable layer of the HCS according to their speeds. Two types of real time circuit switched services are considered in the evaluation: speech and data at different rates.
A Large Review of the Pre Treatment (2011)

Inorganic & particle fouling: Accumulation of particles on the membrane surface not removed from the raw water during the filtration process in the pre-treatment.The indicators of sufficient reduction of suspended solids and particles are turbidity values www.intechopen.com
Low‐Zinc‐Solubility Electrolytes for Use in Zinc/Nickel Oxide Cells (1993)

Novel electrolytes, prepared by substituting and for a portion of the traditionally used in cells, were investigated in order to determine their effect on the rate of Zn active material redistribution (shape change) and cell cycle‐life performance. The solubilities of Zn species in these electrolytes are 20–25% of the Zn solubility in strongly alkaline [∼30 weight percent (w/o)] electrolytes. The rate of Zn electrode shape change was significantly less than that in cells with , , or electrolytes. Vented cells constructed with electrolytes showed capacity‐loss rates as low as 0.07%/cycle, which may be compared to values of 0.4–0.5%/cycle in cells with ∼30 w/o electrolyte. A sealed cell constructed with the novel electrolyte showed a capacity‐loss rate of 0.09%/cycle, and exhibited no dendritic shorts after 575 cycles at 100% depth of discharge.
Photocurrent response of GaInAs/InP multiple quantum well detectors grown by gas source molecular beam epitaxy (1985)

We have studied properties of mesa and waveguide p-i-n detectors fabricated from multiple quantum well structures grown by gas source molecular beam epitaxy. With 50 InGaAs wells, each approximately 120 Å thick, mesa detectors show quantum efficiency of up to 77% at 1.56 μm and a capacitance limited pulse response of 200 ps. The photocurrent response of waveguide structures is strongly TE polarized and enhanced at the n=1 exciton. These devices could be useful as wavelength selective, polarization sensitive detectors.
Web application internationalization and localization in action (2006)

A template engine that strictly enforces model-view separation has been shown to be at least as expressive as a context free grammar allowing the engine to, for example, easily generate any file describable by an XML DTD. When faced with supporting internationalized web applications, however, template engine designers have backed off from enforcing strict separation, allowing unrestricted embedded code segments because it was unclear how localization could otherwise occur. The consequence, unfortunately, is that each reference to a localized data value, such as a date or monetary value, replicates essentially the same snippet of code thousands of times across hundreds of templates for a large site. The potential for cut-and-paste induced bugs and the duplication of code proves a maintenance nightmare. Moreover, page designers are ill-equipped to deal with code fragments. But the difficult question remains: How can localization be done without allowing unrestricted embedded code segments that open the door to model-view entanglement? The answer is simply to automate the localization of data values, thus, avoiding code duplication, making it easier on the developer and designer, and reducing opportunities for the introduction of bugs--all-the-while maintaining the sanctity of strict model-view separation. This paper describes how the StringTemplate template engine strictly enforces model-view separation while handily supporting internationalized web application architectures. Demonstrations of page text localization, locale-specific site designs, and automatic data localization are provided.
Competitive Elution of Protein A Fusion Proteins Allows Specific Recovery Under Mild Conditions (1994)

A novel system is described for mild elution of fusion proteins by competitive elution. The approach is based on displacement of immobilized fusions containing a monovalent IgG-binding staphylococcal protein A fragment (Z) from an IgG-affinity matrix by a divalent fragment fused to a serum-albumin-binding region derived from streptococcal protein G. Using real-time interaction analysis, the binding (K(aff)) to polyclonal human IgG was found to be 3.3 (+/- 0.4) x 10(8) M-1 for divalent ZZ and 2.0 (+/- 0.1) x 10(7) M-1 for monovalent Z. This more than tenfold difference in binding strength ensures a high efficiency in the elution step. The competitor protein can specifically be removed and recovered from the elution mixture by subsequent passage through a human serum albumin(HSA)-affinity column, leaving only the target fusion protein in the flow-through fraction. Here, we show that a recombinant Klenow fragment of DNA polymerase I expressed in Escherichia coli can be recovered with high yield, and retained activity, from a crude bacterial lysate by IgG-affinity chromatography using mild conditions during both binding and elution.
New concepts of coxofemoral joint stability and the development of a clinical stress-radiographic method for quantitating hip joint laxity in the dog (1990)

From mechanical principles and postmortem observations of coxofemoral joints of dogs, a hydrostatic mechanism influencing hip joint stability was discovered. This discovery led to the development of a stress-radiographic positioning method to quantitate hip joint laxity in dogs. The method incorporated 2 views with the dog in supine position and hips at neutral flexion/extension angle: a compression view, with the femoral heads fully seated in the acetabula; and a distraction view, with the femoral heads at maximal lateral displacement. An index measurement method was formulated to quantitate the relative degree of joint laxity appearing in either the compression or distraction view. Clinical evaluation of 6 dogs was done to compare the compression/distraction method with the standard hip-extended radiographic method. Also, the stress-radiographic method was performed on 16-week-old Borzoi and German Shepherd Dogs to compare the characteristics of inherent hip joint laxity in these breeds. In all dogs tested, hip joint laxity was masked by the standard hip-extended view as indicated by a 2.5-fold improvement in sensitivity to hip joint laxity of the new method (P less than 0.00001). Moreover, the mean hip joint laxity of 16-week-old German Shepherd Dogs exceeded the mean hip joint laxity of Borzois by 79% (P less than 0.00001). Reports in the literature document the incontrovertible association of hip joint laxity to the development of hip dysplasia in dogs. We believe the ability to accurately quantitate hip joint laxity will provide key diagnostic and prognostic criteria for the selection of pet dogs, and more importantly, breeding stock.
Automatic generation of time resolved motion vector fields of coronary arteries and 4D surface extraction using rotational x-ray angiography (2008)

Rotational coronary angiography provides a multitude of x-ray projections of the contrast agent enhanced coronary arteries along a given trajectory with parallel ECG recording. These data can be used to derive motion information of the coronary arteries including vessel displacement and pulsation. In this paper, a fully automated algorithm to generate 4D motion vector fields for coronary arteries from multi-phase 3D centerline data is presented. The algorithm computes similarity measures of centerline segments at different cardiac phases and defines corresponding centerline segments as those with highest similarity. In order to achieve an excellent matching accuracy, an increasing number of bifurcations is included as reference points in an iterative manner. Based on the motion data, time-dependent vessel surface extraction is performed on the projections without the need of prior reconstruction. The algorithm accuracy is evaluated quantitatively on phantom data. The magnitude of longitudinal errors (parallel to the centerline) reaches approx. 0.50 mm and is thus more than twice as large as the transversal 3D extraction errors of the underlying multi-phase 3D centerline data. It is shown that the algorithm can extract asymmetric stenoses accurately. The feasibility on clinical data is demonstrated on five different cases. The ability of the algorithm to extract time-dependent surface data, e.g. for quantification of pulsating stenosis is demonstrated.
Kallikrein-binding protein levels are reduced in the retinas of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. (1997)

The results show that STZ-induced diabetic rats have decreased retinal RKBP; moreover, this suggests that RKBP may contribute to diabetic retinopathy.
White Pre-Service Teachers’ Perceptions and their Development of Culturally Relevant Literacy Practices (2019)

Existent literature purports that providing White teacher candidates with increased exposure to urban schools in order to create culturally competent educators has failed. These findings reflect the notion that teacher ideologies and overall perspectives about working with diverse student groups must be harnessed in a genuine ethic of care and intentionality for students of color. However, few studies have taken the approach of examining the development of culturally relevant pedagogy through context-specific field experiences using content-specific courses. This study examines the perspectives of twenty-five White pre-service teachers from a predominately White, private university regarding their initial perceptions and gained conceptual understanding of culturally relevant pedagogy while teaching reading at an urban middle school. Findings were consistent with previous literature that White pre-service teachers are more interested and comfortable teaching in suburban and private schools and held implicit about teaching in urban schools. However, through the course and urban field experience, pre-service teachers were able to develop teaching behaviors that were deemed culturally relevant(Ladson-Billings, 1995) for teaching reading, and were better prepared to work with students from diverse backgrounds.
InP 4×1 digital-optical-switch module for multiwavelength cross-connect applications (1995)

Optical routing systems could provide high capacity, transparency, flexibility, and easy upgradability. Within this context, an optical cross-connect node architecture based on both space and wavelength switching has been proposed.1 With their polarization insensitivity, large optical bandwidth, and ease of control owing to their digital response, InP digital optical switches (DOSs)2,3 are good candidates for space switching. We report, for the first time to our knowledge, on a complete space-switching experiment of two 2.5-Gbit/s channels with a 4 × 1 DOS module. The insertion loss is 18 dB, the channel unfairness is 0.7 dB, the cross talk is lower than −25 dB, and the penalty is as low as 0.4 dB for a bit error rate (BER) of 10−9.
Albumin inhibits neutrophil spreading and hydrogen peroxide release by blocking the shedding of CD43 (sialophorin, leukosialin) (1993)

Spreading of neutrophils on protein-coated surfaces is a pivotal event in their ability to respond to soluble, physiologic agonists by releasing large amounts of hydrolases and oxidants. Using neutrophils plated on serum-, fibrinogen- or fibronectin-coated surfaces, we investigated the effect of human serum albumin (HSA) on spreading-dependent neutrophil responses. HSA suppressed the respiratory burst of neutrophils in response to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF), complement component C5a or formylated peptide, but not phorbol myristate acetate. HSA was suppressive only if added before the onset of the respiratory burst, and suppression was reversed when HSA was removed. Likewise, HSA selectively and reversibly inhibited TNF-induced cell spreading and the associated fall in cAMP. However, HSA did not hinder TNF-induced cell adherence to the same protein-coated surfaces. We investigated cell surface sialoproteins as modulators of cell spreading and as targets for the anti-spreading action of HSA. Oxidation of the cell surface with periodate followed by reduction with 3H-borohydride and immunoblotting with specific mAbs helped identify the predominant sialoprotein on human neutrophils as CD43 (sialophorin, leukosialin). Treatment of neutrophils with C. perfringens sialidase desialylated CD43, markedly enhanced the ability of the cells to respond to TNF by spreading and undergoing a respiratory burst, and antagonized the ability of HSA to inhibit these responses. TNF-treated, adherent neutrophils shed CD43, and this was blocked by HSA, but not by ovalbumin. Exogenous neutrophil elastase removed CD43 from the neutrophil surface. HSA blocked the actions of both sialidase and elastase on CD43. In contrast, ovalbumin did not block the action of sialidase on CD43, and HSA did not inhibit the ability of sialidase to hydrolyze a synthetic substrate. These results suggested that HSA might bind CD43. In fact, the extracellular portion of CD43 bound to HSA-Sepharose, but not to ovalbumin- or glycylglycine-Sepharose. Finally, two mAbs recognizing different epitopes on CD43 mimicked HSA's inhibitory effects on neutrophil function. Thus, HSA can dissociate attachment of neutrophils from spreading. This dissociation may help neutrophils migrate along a chemotactic gradient, while decreasing their release of oxidants. CD43, a long, rigid molecule with a markedly negative charge, antagonizes neutrophil spreading. HSA appears to inhibit spreading-dependent neutrophil functions by binding to CD43 and interfering with the ability of neutrophils to shed it.