gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Separation of Simian Virus 40 large-T-Antigen-Transforming and Origin-Binding Functions from the Ability to Block Differentiation (1988)

Wild-type simian virus 40 large T antigen is very effective at blocking adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-F442A cells as assayed by triglyceride accumulation, induction of glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activity, and expression of mRNAs for glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, the adipocyte serine protease adipsin, and the putative lipid-binding protein adipocyte P2. Point mutants defective for either origin-specific DNA binding or transformation blocked differentiation as completely as wild type.
Mesh Interconnects for Silicone Embedded Stretchable Silicon Electronics (2008)

A process development for stretchable silicon electronics encapsulated in a layer of polydimethylsiloxane is presented. Stretchability is achieved by segmenting the normally rigid silicon substrate into small islands (<2×2 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) and connecting these by flexible metal interconnects. The metal interconnects have a mesh shape providing stretchability and improved reliability. The mesh-shaped interconnects have been simulated and measured as free standing before being integrated in the final stretchable system design. PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) encapsulation using either Elastosil or Sylgard, having good chemical and mechanical resistance, provides protection of the final system but it also helps during fabrication. The fabricated samples (ID array silicon islands with mesh interconnects embedded in Elastosil) have been mechanically and electrically tested and provide reversible stretchability to around 100%.
Flexible representation analysis (1997)

Statically typed languages with Hindley-Milner polymorphism have long been compiled using inefficient and fully boxed data representations. Recently, several new compilation methods have been proposed to support more efficient and unboxed multi-word representations. Unfortunately, none of these techniques is fully satisfactory. For example, Leroy's coercion-based approach does not handle recursive data types and mutable types well. The type-passing approach (proposed by Harper and Morrisett) handles all data objects, but it involves extensive runtime type analysis and code manipulations.This paper presents a new flexible representation analysis technique that combines the best of both approaches. Our new scheme supports unboxed representations for recursive and mutable types, yet it only requires little runtime type analysis. In fact, we show that there is a continuum of possibilities between the coercion-based approach and the type-passing approach. By varying the amount of boxing and the type information passed at runtime, a compiler can freely explore any point in the continuum---choosing from a wide range of representation strategies based on practical concerns. Finally, our new scheme also easily extends to handle type abstractions across ML-like higher-order modules.
Change detection in hierarchically structured information (1996)

Detecting and representing changes to data is important for active databases, data warehousing, view maintenance, and version and configuration management. Most previous work in change management has dealt with flat-file and relational data; we focus on hierarchically structured data. Since in many cases changes must be computed from old and new versions of the data, we define the hierarchical change detection problem as the problem of finding a minimum-cost edit script that transforms one data tree to another, and we present efficient algorithms for computing such an edit script. Our algorithms make use of some key domain characteristics to achieve substantially better performance than previous, general-purpose algorithms. We study the performance of our algorithms both analytically and empirically, and we describe the application of our techniques to hierarchically structured documents.
Design and Installation of a Cost-Effective Completion System for Horizontal Chalk Wells Where Multiple Zones Require Acid Stimulation (1998)

Summary An innovative completion design that allows multiple acid fractures to be performed in horizontal subsea chalk formation wells with a single trip into the wellbore has recently been codeveloped by a major North Sea operator and an oilfield engineering/manufacturing/service company. The project was begun to develop a system that would allow multiple acid stimulations to be efficiently performed in the shortest possible time in the North Sea Joanne field. The system ultimately developed allows acid stimulation of up to 10 different zones in a single trip with no through-tubing intervention. The first well in which this new technique was used had seven zones, and three additional wells with 10 zones each were later completed. This paper presents the development of this system and case histories of the first four subsea wells requiring stimulation. The key element of the system is a multistage acid fracture (MSAF) tool that is similar to a sliding sleeve circulating device and is run in the closed position. Up to nine MSAF tools can be run in the completion with isolation of each zone being achieved by hydraulic-set retrievable packers that are positioned on each side of an MSAF tool. Each sleeve contains a threaded ball seat with the smallest ball seat in the lowest sleeve and the largest ball seat in the highest sleeve. With this system, stimulation of 10 separate zones is accomplished in 12 to 18 hours. A unique procedure that lubricates various sized, low specific gravity (SG) balls into the tubing and, then, pumps them to a mating seat in the appropriate MSAF tool to seal off the stimulated zone is used. This allows stimulation of the next zone, which is made accessible by opening the sleeve. This technique provided a substantial reduction in the operation time normally required to stimulate multiple zones and allowed the stimulations to be precisely targeted within the reservoir. The case history data provides comparisons in operation times between traditional stimulations and this new method, as well as the significant enhancements to cost efficiency that resulted from its use. Additionally, this completion method allowed the stimulations to be designed and matched to the requirements of each reservoir zone, which provided the most cost-efficient treatments possible.
The effect of SRP on the clinical and microbiological parameters of periodontal diseases (1997)

The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the effect of SRP on clinical and microbiological parameters in 57 subjects with adult periodontitis (mean age 47 +/- 11 years). Subjects were monitored clinically and microbiologically prior to and 3, 6 and 9 months after full-mouth SRP under local anaesthesia. Clinical assessments of plaque, redness, suppuration, BOP, pocket depth and attachment level were made at 6 sites per tooth. The means of duplicate attachment level measurements taken at each visit were used to assess change between visits. Clinical data were averaged within each subject and then averaged across subjects for each visit. Subgingival plaque samples were taken from the mesial aspect of each tooth and the presence and levels of 40 subgingival taxa were determined using whole genomic DNA probes and checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. The mean levels and % of sites colonized by each species (prevalence) was computed for each subject at each visit. Differences in clinical and microbiological parameters before and after SRP were sought using the Wilcoxon signed ranks test or the Quade test for more than 2 visits. Overall, there was a mean gain in attachment level of 0.11 +/- 0.23 mm (range -0.53 to 0.64 mm) 3 months post-therapy. There was a significant decrease in the % of sites exhibiting gingival redness (68 to 57%) and BOP (58 to 52%) as well as a mean (+/-SEM) pocket depth (3.3 +/- 0.06 to 3.1 +/- 0.05 mm). Sites with pre-therapy pocket depths of < 4 mm showed a non-significant increase in pocket depth and attachment level, 4.6 mm pockets showed a significant decrease in pocket depth and a non-significant gain in attachment post-therapy, while > 6 mm pockets showed a significant decrease in pocket depth and attachment level measurements post-therapy. Significant clinical improvements were seen in subjects who had never smoked or were past smokers but not in current smokers. Mean prevalences and levels of P. gingivalis, T. denticola and B. forsythus were significantly reduced after SRP, while A. viscosus showed a significant increase in mean levels. The mean decrease in prevalence of P. gingivalis was similar at all pocket depth categories, while B. forsythus decreased more at shallow and intermediate pockets and A. viscosus increased most at deep sites. P. gingivalis. B. forsythus and T. denticola were equally prevalent among current, past and never smokers pre-therapy, decreased significantly post-SRP in never and past smokers but increased in current smokers. Clinical improvement post-SRP was accompanied by a modest change in the subgingival microbiota, primarily a reduction in P. gingivalis, B. forsythus and T. denticola, suggesting potential targets for therapy and indicating that radical alterations in the subgingival microbiota may not be necessary or desirable in many patients.
Attenuating corticosterone levels on the day of memory assessment prevents chronic stress‐induced impairments in spatial memory (2006)

This study investigated whether chronic stress-induced spatial memory deficits were caused by changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, such as corticosterone (CORT) elevations on the day of memory assessment, rather than the consequence of structural changes in the hippocampus. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were restrained for 6 h/day/21 days, and spatial memory was assessed on the Y-maze on day 22. Ninety minutes before training, rats received a subcutaneous injection of vehicle or metyrapone, a CORT synthesis inhibitor, and then spatial memory was determined 4-h later. The highest dose of metyrapone (75 mg/kg, s.c.) was most effective at preventing stress-induced spatial memory deficits. Chronic stress increased total CORT levels following Y-maze exposure, while acute metyrapone treatment dose-dependently attenuated total and free (unbound) CORT levels in both stress and control conditions. Blood samples taken from a separate subset of chronically stressed rats showed that baseline CORT levels were similar across the restraint period. Finally, chronic stress down-regulated glucocorticoid, but not mineralocorticoid, receptor mRNA expression within the hippocampus (dentate gyrus, CA1, CA2, CA3). These findings suggest that chronic stress-induced spatial memory deficits may be mediated by hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation. Specifically, CORT elevations and reductions in hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor expression, at the time of behavioural assessment may be involved, as opposed to a direct effect that is solely dependent upon hippocampal structural changes. These results have significance for treating cognitive decline in conditions associated with elevated glucocorticoids that include subpopulations in ageing, depression, Cushing's disease and Alzheimer's disease.
Automated notification and document downloading in E-learning - development of an agent-based framework utilizing the push-pull technology interaction policy (2008)

This paper describes the processes of document downloading and announcement in the e-learning is automated via a proposed agent-based framework. In the framework, the interaction policy for the involved agents is based on combination technique which combined the push and pull mechanisms. The agentbased framework consists of four agents: search agent, priority agent, notify agent and download agents that are applied in the e-learning domain. To demonstrate the working of these agents within the e-learning domain, three scenarios with different level of complexity involving one course/subject are presented. In general, these agents assist the students to get prompt notifications every time new documents are available in the course registered. Thus, eliminating the students from not knowing that new documents have been uploaded by the lecturers. Moodle, the e-learning domain is chosen since Moodle is an open-source Content Management System that encourages any developers to contribute new enhancement of the existing feature or create the new features for the benefits of Moodle users.
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Luminescent Trinuclear Gold(I) Complexes with Dithiocarbamates (2000)

We have synthesized a series of trinuclear gold(I) complexes, namely, [Au3(mu-dpmp)(S2CNR2)nCl3-n] (n = 0-3; R = Me, CH2Ph), [Au3(mu-dpmp)(mu-S2CNR2)Cl](CF3SO3) (R = Me, CH2Ph), and [Au3(mu-dpmp)(mu-S2CNMe2)(C6F5)]X (X = Cl, CF3SO3), containing the triphosphine dpmp [bis(diphenylphosphinomethyl)phenylphosphine] and varying amounts of dithiocarbamate. NMR experiments show fluxional behavior in solution for most of these derivatives because several arrangements of the ligands are possible. The crystal structure of [(mu-dpmp)(AuCl)3] has been determined by X-ray diffraction studies; the molecule displays mirror symmetry and involves an angular arrangement of the gold atoms [Au-Au-Au 119.603(14) degrees, Au-Au 3.3709(4) A]. We have studied the optical properties of these derivatives in the solid state, finding a red shift as a function of the dithiocarbamate number and, for some derivatives, wavelength-dependent emission spectra at low temperature.
Management of dry eye disease. (2008)

The management of dry eye disease (DED) encompasses both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic approaches, including avoidance of exacerbating factors, eyelid hygiene, tear supplementation, tear retention, tear stimulation, and anti-inflammatory agents. Artificial tears are the mainstay of DED therapy but, although they improve symptoms and objective findings, there is no evidence that they can resolve the underlying inflammation in DED. Topical corticosteroids are effective anti-inflammatory agents, but are not recommended for long-term use because of their adverse-effect profiles. Topical cyclosporine--currently the only pharmacologic treatment approved by the US Food and Drug Administration specifically for DED--is safe for long-term use and is disease-modifying rather than merely palliative. Treatment selection is guided primarily by DED severity. Recently published guidelines propose a severity classification based on clinical signs and symptoms, with treatment recommendations according to severity level.
An on-line symbolic mathematics system using hand-printed two-dimensional notation (1969)

This paper describes a system that is being developed at The RAND Corporation for the on-line manipulation of symbolic mathematical expressions. The primary input consists of the user's expressions hand-printed on a RAND tablet in ordinary two-dimensional mathematical notation. The system recognizes the characters and interprets the whole expression from the spatial relationships present in accordance with a previously input syntax. The user at the console directs symbolic transformations upon his input expressions by instructing the computer to selectively attempt to apply various rules of mathematics; these rules have been previously entered into the system in the same manner as the expressions. A transformed expression resulting from the application of a rule or group of rules is displayed on the IBM 2250 graphic console. An experimental version of the system is in operation at the present time.
Nucleotide sequence of cDNA and derived amino acid sequence of human complement component C9. (1984)

The nucleotide sequence coding for the ninth component of human complement (C9) has been determined and the corresponding amino acid sequence has been derived. A human liver cDNA library was screened by the colony-hybridization technique using two radiolabeled oligonucleotide probes that correspond to known regions of the C9 amino acid sequence. Two recombinant plasmids were isolated and their cDNA inserts were sequenced. The derived protein sequence consists of 537 amino acids in a single polypeptide chain. A profile of the hydropathic index versus sequence number indicates that the amino-terminal half of C9 is predominantly hydrophilic in character whereas the carboxyl-terminal section of this protein is more hydrophobic. The amphipathic organization of the primary structure of C9 is consistent with the known potential of polymerized C9 to penetrate lipid bilayers, causing the formation of transmembrane channels.
ARISTA - image search to annotation on billions of web photos (2010)

Though it has cost great research efforts for decades, object recognition is still a challenging problem. Traditional methods based on machine learning or computer vision are still in the stage of tackling hundreds of object categories. In recent years, non-parametric approaches have demonstrated great success, which understand the content of an image by propagating labels of its similar images in a large-scale dataset. However, due to the limited dataset size and imperfect image crawling strategy, previous work can only address a biased small subset of image concepts. Here we introduce the Arista project, which aims to build a practical image annotation engine targeting at popular concepts in the real world. In this project, we are particularly interested in understanding how many image concepts can be addressed by the data-driven annotation approach (coverage) and how good the performance is (precision). This paper reports the first stage of the work. Two billions web images were indexed, and based on simple yet effective near-duplicate detection, the system is capable of automatically generating accurate tags for popular web images having near-duplicates in the database. We found that about 8.1% web images have more than ten near duplicate and the number increases to 28.5% for top images in search results. Further, based on random samples in the latter case, we observed the precision of 57.9% at the point of the highest recall of 28% on ground truth tags.
Optical properties of self-affine thin films (1996)

Optical properties of self-affine thin films are studied in the quasistatic approximation. The eigenmodes of a self-affine surface manifest strongly inhomogeneous spatial distributions characterized by various degree of localization. On a metal self-affine film, the intensities in areas of high local fields (``hot'' zones) exceed the applied field intensity by approximately three orders of magnitude. The spatial locations of the hot zones are very strong functions of the frequency and polarization of the incident light. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Militarizing Africa and African Studies and the U.S. Africanist Response (2012)

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Dimensions of Brand Personality (1997)

Although a considerable amount of research in personality psychology has been done to conceptualize human personality, identify the “Big Five” dimensions, and explore the meaning of each dimension, no parallel research has been conducted in consumer behavior on brand personality. Consequently, an understanding of the symbolic use of brands has been limited in the consumer behavior literature. In this research, the author develops a theoretical framework of the brand personality construct by determining the number and nature of dimensions of brand personality (Sincerity, Excitement, Competence, Sophistication, and Ruggedness). To measure the five brand personality dimensions, a reliable, valid, and generalizable measurement scale is created. Finally, theoretical and practical implications regarding the symbolic use of brands are discussed.
Oxetane photopolymerization—A system with low volume shrinkage (1996)

Abstract Several mono‐, bi‐ and trifunctional oxetanes were synthesized and polymerized in bulk and in solution cationically. Selected photoinitiators have been applied. It was found that sulfonium salts are very efficient due to good solubility, almost no discolouration of the product and storage stability in the monomer in the absence of light. The conversion was determined by quantitative IR‐spectroscopy. Conversion between 75% and 85% was found in all cases. The shrinkage during polymerization was much lower than for vinyl monomers. No inhibition by oxygen was recognized. Monomer layers thicker than 5.5 mm could be polymerized. The products are transparent and almost colourless. The glass transition temperature of the crosslinked polymers was above the temperature of a human body.
A microfluidic 3D hepatocyte chip for drug toxicity testing (2009)

We have developed a microfluidic 3D hepatocyte chip (3D HepaTox Chip) for in vitro drug toxicity testing to predict in vivo drug hepatotoxicity. The 3D HepaTox Chip is based on multiplexed microfluidic channels where a 3D microenvironment is engineered in each channel to maintain the hepatocytes' synthetic and metabolic functions. The multiplexed channels allow for simultaneous administration of multiple drug doses to functional primary hepatocytes while an incorporated concentration gradient generator enables the in vitro dose-dependent drug responses to predict in vivo hepatotoxicity. The IC(50) values of 5 model drugs derived from the dose-dependent on-chip testing correlate well with the reported in vivo LD(50) values. The 3D HepaTox Chip can be integrated with on-chip sensors and actuators as the next generation cell-based on-chip drug testing platform.
Myocardial Disease in Failing Hearts: Defective Excitation-Contraction Coupling (2002)

Congestive heart failure is a major public health problem (Franz et al. 2001). Each year in the U.S. alone, approximately 5 million patients are treated for heart failureand 1 million are admitted to hospitals, with about550,000 new cases of heart failure being diagnosed(Givertz 2000). Despite advances in treatment, mortalityassociated with heart failure remains high. In 1998, heartfailure contributed to 240,000 deaths in the U.S. (Franz etal. 2001)...
The maximum of a function of a Markov chain and application to linkage analysis (1999)

One method of linkage analysis in humans is based on identity-by-descent of pairs of relatives who share a phenotype of interest (for example, a particular disease). We replace the convenient assumption of continuous specification of regions of identity by descent by the more realistic, although still artificially simple, assumption of data from a discrete set of equally spaced infinitely polymorphic markers. We generalize the continuous time Markov chain analysis of Feingold (1993b) and compare the accuracy of the new approximation with that of the simpler Gaussian approximation of Feingold, Brown and Siegmund (1993) under a variety of assumptions about the composition of the pedigrees to be studied. We also suggest a perturbation of the Gaussian approximation as a compromise to achieve reasonable accuracy with minimal computational effort.
Architectural support for secure virtualization under a vulnerable hypervisor (2011)

Although cloud computing has emerged as a promising future computing model, security concerns due to malicious tenants have been deterring its fast adoption. In cloud computing, multiple tenants may share physical systems by using virtualization techniques. In such a virtualized system, a software hypervisor creates virtual machines (VMs) from the physical system, and provides each user with an isolated VM. However, the hypervisor, with a full control over hardware resources, can access the memory pages of guest VMs without any restriction. By compromising the hypervisor, a malicious user can access the memory contents of the VMs used by other users.