gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Downregulation of the calpain inhibitor protein calpastatin by caspases during renal ischemia-reperfusion (2000)

The interaction between the cysteine proteases calpain and caspases during renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) was investigated. An increase in the activity of calpain, as determined by 1) the appearance of calpain-mediated spectrin breakdown products and 2) the conversion of procalpain to active calpain, was demonstrated. Because intracellular calpain activity is regulated by calpastatin, the effect of I/R on calpastatin was determined. On immunoblot of renal cortex, there was a 50-100% decrease of a low molecular weight (LMW) form of calpastatin (41 kDa) after I/R. Calpastatin activity was also significantly decreased after I/R compared with sham-operated rats, indicating that the decreased protein expression had functional significance. In rats treated with the caspase inhibitor, z-Asp-2,6-dichlorobenzoyloxymethylketone (Z-D-DCB), the decrease in both calpastatin activity and protein expression was normalized, suggesting that caspases may be proteolyzing calpastatin. Caspase 3 activity increased significantly after I/R and was attenuated in ischemic kidneys from rats treated with the caspase inhibitor. In summary, during renal I/R injury, there is 1) calpain activation associated with downregulation of calpastatin protein and decreased calpastatin activity and 2) activation of caspase 3. In addition, in vivo caspase inhibition reverses the decrease in calpastatin activity. In conclusion, proteolysis of calpastatin by caspase 3 may regulate calpain activity during I/R injury. Although the protective effect of cysteine protease inhibition against hypoxic necrosis of proximal tubules has previously been demonstrated, the functional significance in ischemic acute renal failure in vivo merits further study.
PRODUCTION OF MALE PSEUDOHERMAPHRODITISM IN RATS BY TWO NEW INHIBITORS OF STEROID 17α-HYDROXYLASE AND C 17-20 LYASE (1976)

Two new synthetic steroid analogues, (I) 16beta-bromo-3beta,17alpha-dihydroxy-5alpha-pregnane-11,20-dione and (II) 17beta-ureido-1,4-androstadien-3-one have been shown to give kinetic patterns consistent with active-site-directed irreversible inhibition of adult rat testicular microsomal steroid 17alpha-hydroxylase and C17-20 lyase in vitro. Administration of both analogues to adult male rats for 24 h produced potent inhibition of these testicular enzymes in vivo. Given to pregnant rats during the critical period of male organogenesis they produced hypospadias: a characteristic of the syndrome in man in which these enzymes are defective genetically. Given to male rat pups during the first 9 days of life, inhibitor II produced significantly smaller prostates and seminal vesicles in adulthood, indicating the usefulness of this inhibitor in studies on the role of testosterone in neonatal programming of target organ size in adulthood. Thus, two new enzyme inhibitors have been shown to block testosterone production in the foetal and neonatal rat selectively at the site of the hydroxylase without other apparent hormonal effects or influence on adrenal size.
Pan-cancer analysis of whole genomes (2020)

Cancer is driven by genetic change, and the advent of massively parallel sequencing has enabled systematic documentation of this variation at the whole-genome scale<sup>1-3</sup>. Here we report the integrative analysis of 2,658 whole-cancer genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types from the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium of the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We describe the generation of the PCAWG resource, facilitated by international data sharing using compute clouds. On average, cancer genomes contained 4-5 driver mutations when combining coding and non-coding genomic elements; however, in around 5% of cases no drivers were identified, suggesting that cancer driver discovery is not yet complete. Chromothripsis, in which many clustered structural variants arise in a single catastrophic event, is frequently an early event in tumour evolution; in acral melanoma, for example, these events precede most somatic point mutations and affect several cancer-associated genes simultaneously. Cancers with abnormal telomere maintenance often originate from tissues with low replicative activity and show several mechanisms of preventing telomere attrition to critical levels. Common and rare germline variants affect patterns of somatic mutation, including point mutations, structural variants and somatic retrotransposition. A collection of papers from the PCAWG Consortium describes non-coding mutations that drive cancer beyond those in the TERT promoter<sup>4</sup>; identifies new signatures of mutational processes that cause base substitutions, small insertions and deletions and structural variation<sup>5,6</sup>; analyses timings and patterns of tumour evolution<sup>7</sup>; describes the diverse transcriptional consequences of somatic mutation on splicing, expression levels, fusion genes and promoter activity<sup>8,9</sup>; and evaluates a range of more-specialized features of cancer genomes<sup>8,10-18</sup>.
1P1-M02 Development of a 3,000-fps 3D Imaging System Using a High-Speed Projector (2007)

This paper proposes a high frame rate 3D imaging system based on structural light projection using temporally-coded binary patterns. This system consists of a DMD (Digital Micromirror Device) projector and a high-speed camera, both of which operate at over 6,000 frames/s. Introducing image processing algorithms of detecting and tracking the projected light patterns enables frame-by-frame 3D image measurement. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithms worked effectively, and the system achieved 3D imaging at 3,350 frames/s.
DARVIN I ESENCIJALIZAM (2008)

Darvinova teorija evolucije razmatrana je u kontekstu problema i pojma sustine , kao i odredbi esencijalizama, zasnovanim na logickim određenjima pojmova promene, razlike i drugosti. Pokazuje se da je Darvinova teorija evolucije drugacija od paradigmi evolutivnih misljenja koje su zasnovane na objektivnom klasifi katorskom, kao i tipoloskom esencijalizmu, i koje pretpostavljaju prvenstvo pojmova identiteta i nepromenljivosti. Biologijsko-fi lozofsko misljenje koje je populacionisticko klasifi kacije konstituira tek nakon poimanja problema varijacije i modifi kabilnosti, cime se uspostavlja kao revolucionarno.
An Unusual Variant of Acute Idiopathic Polyneuritis (Syndrome of Ophthalmoplegia, Ataxia and Areflexia) (1956)

THE purpose of this communication is to report 3 cases of an acute neurologic illness characterized among other features by total external ophthalmoplegia, severe ataxia and loss of the tendon reflexes. The clinical picture in all 3 cases was so similar as to constitute an easily recognizable syndrome. The presenting symptoms and signs were most alarming for the attending physician on each occasion — unnecessarily so, since the course of the illness appears to be benign. The cause of the syndrome was obscure until, in the most recent case, a great rise in the protein of the cerebrospinal fluid in . . .
Chemical Proteomic Characterization of a Covalent KRASG12C Inhibitor (2018)

The KRASG12C protein product is an attractive, yet challenging, target for small molecule inhibition. One option for therapeutic intervention is to design small molecule ligands capable of binding to and inactivating KRASG12C via formation of a covalent bond to the sulfhydryl group of cysteine 12. In order to better understand the cellular off-target interactions of <b>Compound 1</b>, a covalent KRASG12C inhibitor, we have completed a series of complementary chemical proteomics experiments in H358 cells. A new thiol reactive probe (TRP) was designed and used to construct a cellular target occupancy assay for KRASG12C. In addition, the thiol reactive probes allowed us to profile potential off-target interactions of <b>Compound 1</b> with over 3200 cysteine residues. In order to complement the TRP data we designed <b>Compound 2</b>, an alkyne containing version of <b>Compound 1</b>, to serve as bait in competitive chemical proteomics experiments. Herein, we describe and compare data from both the TRP and the click chemistry probe pull down experiments.
In Vitro Transcription of the Rat Insulin-like Growth Factor-I Gene (1996)

Although the liver is the major source of circulating insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), relatively little is known about the regulation of IGF-I gene transcription in this tissue. Since transcripts are initiated largely in exon 1, we established an in vitro transcription system to evaluate activation of transcription via the major exon 1 initiation site. Transcription of a G-free cassette reporter was directed by rat IGF-I genomic fragments, and the adenovirus major late promoter was used as an internal control. Tissue specificity was demonstrated by a 60-90% decrease in transcripts with spleen extracts as compared with liver. 54 base pairs (bp) of upstream sequence were sufficient to direct IGF-I gene transcription, and activity increased 5-fold with 300 bp of upstream sequence. DNase I footprinting revealed four protected regions between -300 and -60 bp; binding was confirmed by gel shift analysis, and tissue specificity was demonstrated by reduced shifts with spleen extracts. The necessity of transcription factor binding to such sites was established by competition analysis, which revealed a specific decrease in IGF-I transcription in the presence of a competing fragment. Use of this in vitro transcription system should permit analysis of the function of individual transcription factors involved in regulation of IGF-I gene expression.
On ACK/NACK messages detection in the LTE PUCCH with multiple receive antennas (2012)

In this paper, we study ACK/NACK messages detection in the LTE physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) with multiple receive antennas. The LTE PUCCH is typically characterized by high interference variability due to severe inter-user interferences and slot-level frequency hopping. We present detection methods applicable for the cases when the noise variances at the receiver are known and unknown. Noise here may comprise both thermal noise and interference. The proposed detection technique is based on the generalized likelihood-ratio test (GLRT) paradigm. Simulation results show that GLRT-based detector offers a significant gain over the training-based maximum-likelihood detector when the noise variances in two slots are different and unknown. For the case when the noise variances at the receiver are known, the GLRT-based detector has nearly the same performance as the training-based maximum-likelihood detector.
Synthesis of Ag<sub>c</sub><sub>ore</sub>Au<sub>s</sub><sub>hell</sub> Bimetallic Nanoparticles for Immunoassay Based on Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (2006)

Layered core-shell bimetallic silver-gold nanoparticles were prepared by coating Au layers over Ag seeds by a seed-growth method. The composition of Ag100-xAux particles can vary from x=0 to 30. TEM and SEM images clearly show that the bimetallic nanoparticles are of core-shell structure with some pinholes on the surface. Strong surface-enhanced Raman (SER) signals of thiophenol and p-aminothiophenol have been obtained with these colloids. It was found that the SERS activity of aggregated colloids critically depends on the molar ratio of Ag to Au. With the increase of the Au molar fraction, the SERS activity enhances first and then weakens, with the maximal intensity being 10 times stronger than that of Ag colloids. The AgcoreAushell nanoparticles were then labeled with monoclonal antibodies and SERS probes and used for immunoassay analysis. In the proposed system, antibodies immobilized on a solid substrate can interact with the corresponding antigens to form a composite substrate, which can capture reporter-labeled AgcoreAushell nanoparticles modified with the same antibodies. The immunoreaction between the antibodies and antigens was demonstrated by the detection of characteristic Raman bands of the probe molecules. AgcoreAushell bimetallic nanoparticles, as a new SERS active and biocompatible substrate, will be expected to improve the detection sensitivity of immunoassay.
Radix-16 Combined Division and Square Root Unit (2011)

Division and square root, based on the digit-recurrence algorithm, can be implemented in a combined unit. Several implementations of combined division/square root units have been presented mostly for radices 2 and 4. Here, we present a combined radix-16 unit obtained by overlapping two radix-4 result digit selection functions, as it is normally done for division only units. The latency of the unit is reduced by retiming and low power methods are applied as well. The proposed unit is compared to a radix-4 combined division/square root unit, and to a radix-16 unit, obtained by cascading two radix-4 stages, which is similar to the one implemented in a state-of-the-art processor.
Administration of albumin to patients with sepsis syndrome: a possible beneficial role in plasma thiol repletion (1998)

1. Albumin is often administered intravenously to critically ill patients as a volume expander, to combat hypoalbuminaemia, and to decrease hyperbilirubinaemia. There is, however, an ongoing debate concerning the therapeutic benefit of the former which is an expensive form of treatment.2. Albumin has several biological functions, in particular as a ligand binder. It also acts as an extracellular transition metal ion-binding and radical-scavenging antioxidant. These functions are influenced by the presence of an exposed thiol group (cys 34) on the surface of the albumin molecule. 3. The ability of infused albumin to influence the plasma thiol pool, and hence antioxidant potential, was investigated in patients with sepsis syndrome.4. Plasma thiol levels rose rapidly after albumin infusion and remained elevated even after plasma albumin levels had declined significantly, due to interstitial leakage. Data are suggestive of some form of thiol exchange in the plasma of these patients between albumin and molecules containing oxidized thiol groups.5. Administration of albumin to patients with sepsis syndrome leads to a sustained increase in plasma thiols. Thiols have several important antioxidant functions, and thiol repletion in these patients, who are known to suffer from oxidative stress, may have beneficial antioxidant effects. Antioxidant repletion may represent an important facet of clinically administered albumin.
Adaptive Torque Control of Variable Speed Wind Turbines for Increased Region 2 Energy Capture (2005)

We have previously shown that region 2 energy capture can be increased by using adaptive torque gain control on variable speed turbines. This adaptive torque control works by compensating for unknown and time-varying aerodynamic parameters such as the maximum power coefficient Cpmax and its corresponding optimal tip speed ratio λ*. This paper extends our earlier research in two ways in order to make the adaptive control technique more appealing to the commercial wind turbine industry. These two extensions are the use of the nacelle anemometer and the extension to a second-order discrete filter in the gain adaptation law. We believe that these two extensions will allow the adaptive controller to achieve its increased energy capture at lower cost and less sensitivity to noise than was possible with our original adaptive control strategy.
Organoboranes. 39. Convenient procedures for the preparation of methylboronic acid and trimethylboroxin (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrganoboranes. 39. Convenient procedures for the preparation of methylboronic acid and trimethylboroxinHerbert C. Brown and Thomas E. ColeCite this: Organometallics 1985, 4, 5, 816–821Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00124a002https://doi.org/10.1021/om00124a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2505Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Plant Disease Detection by Imaging Sensors – Parallels and Specific Demands for Precision Agriculture and Plant Phenotyping (2015)

Early and accurate detection and diagnosis of plant diseases are key factors in plant production and the reduction of both qualitative and quantitative losses in crop yield. Optical techniques, such as RGB imaging, multi- and hyperspectral sensors, thermography, or chlorophyll fluorescence, have proven their potential in automated, objective, and reproducible detection systems for the identification and quantification of plant diseases at early time points in epidemics. Recently, 3D scanning has also been added as an optical analysis that supplies additional information on crop plant vitality. Different platforms from proximal to remote sensing are available for multiscale monitoring of single crop organs or entire fields. Accurate and reliable detection of diseases is facilitated by highly sophisticated and innovative methods of data analysis that lead to new insights derived from sensor data for complex plant-pathogen systems. Nondestructive, sensor-based methods support and expand upon visual and/or molecular approaches to plant disease assessment. The most relevant areas of application of sensor-based analyses are precision agriculture and plant phenotyping.
Implantable insulin delivery system (1981)

An insulin delivery system suitable for experimental implants and external use has been developed to study glucose control for diabetics. The programmable system developed at Sandia National Laboratories, in conjunction with the University of New Mexico School of Medicine, employs miniature electronics and mechanical technologies developed for use in other Department of Energy programs.
Enabling secure third party control on wireless home networks (2004)

Running a home network gives one the ability to share different services, not only among the devices that are part of the network in his/her home, but also to distant entities. This latter feature requires an efficient security architecture to secure the remote access. In this article, we consider the scenario where an operator requires access to a home network device to get profit from a service or to update its configuration through a residential gateway.
A scientific visualization synthesizer (1991)

We describe methods for displaying scientific data using textures and raster operations rather than geometric techniques. The flexibility and simplicity of raster operations allow a greater choice of visualization techniques with only a small set of basic operations. In addition, texture mapping techniques will be shown that allow the representation of several variables simultaneously, without a high degree of clutter. The combination of traditional geometric techniques, image composition techniques and image rendering techniques can be integrated into a single framework for the display of scientific data. This paper presents a system for generating and operating on textures and images for the purposes of scientific visualization. The advantages of using such a system are demonstrated through the use of examples. In particular, the development of bump maps for vector filters and contour lines is demonstrated.
Adoptive Immunotherapy for Leukemia: Donor Lymphocytes Transduced with the Herpes Simplex Thymidine Kinase Gene for Remission Induction. Human Gene Therapy Research Institute, Des Moines, Iowa, and Northwestern University School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (1998)

This study will evaluate the safety and efficacy of allogenic donor lymphocyte infusions in patients who have relapsed hematologic malignancies after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Donor lymphocyte transfusions have resulted in the cure of some patients with relapsed leukemia or lymphoproliferative disorder after allogeneic BMT, but has been complicated by the development of graft versus host disease (GvHD). We hypothesize that a retroviral vector containing the Herpes simplex thymidine kinase (HStk) gene will allow for retention of the anti-leukemia response of transfused donor lymphocytes while allowing for the adverse effects of GVHD to be mitigated. Patients with relapsed hematologic malignancies after allogeneic BMT will be infused with ex vivo gene modified donor lymphocytes. The Herpes Simplex thymidine kinase (HStk) gene will be transduced into the cells ex vivo using LTKOSN. 1 vector supernate. Insertion of the HStk gene into lymphocytes confers a sensitivity to the anti-herpes drug ganciclovir (GCV). This selective destruction of donor lymphocytes in situ will be used to abrogate the effect of graft versus host disease, if it develops.
Basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) induced transdifferentiation of retinal pigment epithelium: Generation of retinal neurons and glia (1997)

In the present study we report that basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF, FGF-2) promotes the transdifferentiation of Xenopus laevis larval retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) into neural retina. Using specific antibodies we have examined the cellular composition of the regenerated retinal tissue. Our results show that, in addition to retinal neurons and photoreceptors, glial cells were also regenerated from the transdifferentiated RPE. These results were specific to FGF-2, since other factors that were tested, including acidic FGF (aFGF, FGF-1), epidermal growth factor (EGF), laminin, ECL, and Matrigel, exhibited no activity in inducing retinal regeneration. These results are the first in amphibians demonstrating the functional role of FGF-2 in inducing RPE transdifferentiation. Transplantation studies were carried out to investigate retinal regeneration from the RPE in an in vivo environment. Sheets of RPE implanted into the lens-less eyes of larval hosts transformed into neurons and glial cells only when under the influence of host retinal factors. In contrast, no retinal transdifferentiation occurred if the RPE was implanted into the enucleated orbit. Taken together, these results show that the amphibian RPE is capable of transdifferentiation into neuronal and glial cell-phenotypes and implicate FGF-2 as an important factor in inducing retinal regeneration in vitro.
A modeling approach to software cost estimation (1990)

The author describes a novel software estimation modeling process as well as the important productivity factors and the productivity measurement metrics used in the 5ESS project, one of the largest telecommunication projects at AT&T Bell Laboratories. The 5ESS switch is a modern digital electronic switching system with a distributed hardware and software architecture. The model estimation approach has greatly improved the quality of estimates. The study of productivity factors has resulted in some significant productivity and quality improvement processes in the 5ESS development community.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>