gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the channel formed by the mycobacterial porin in lipid bilayer membranes. Demonstration of voltage gating and of negative point charges at the channel mouth. (1993)

We studied the channel formed by the mycobacterial porin from the cell wall of Mycobacterium chelonae (Trias, J., Jarlier, V., and Benz, R. (1992) Science 258, 1479-1481) by reconstituting the mycobacterial porin and cell wall extracts in lipid bilayer membranes. The channel exhibited two different states in lipid bilayer membranes at 10 mV of applied voltage. One was characterized by a steplike appearance while the other showed a fast, voltage-dependent, flickering behavior between a closed and an open state. The channel was voltage-gated, and starting at 40 mV of applied voltage the mycobacterial porin channel switched to a closed configuration in an asymmetric fashion. The channel was cation-selective and had 2.5-point negative charges at both sides of the channel. Identical channels were observed when membranes were reconstituted with cell wall extracts, suggesting that there is only one porin species in the mycobacterial cell wall.
Solar energy management as an Internet of Things (IoT) application (2017)

Photovoltaic (PV) array analytics and control have become necessary for remote solar farms and for intelligent fault detection and power optimization. The management of a PV array requires auxiliary electronics that are attached to each solar panel. A collaborative industry-university-government project was established to create a smart monitoring device (SMD) and establish associated algorithms and software for fault detection and solar array management. First generation smart monitoring devices (SMDs) were built in Japan. At the same time, Arizona State University initiated research in algorithms and software to monitor and control individual solar panels. Second generation SMDs were developed later and included sensors for monitoring voltage, current, temperature, and irradiance at each individual panel. The latest SMDs include a radio and relays which allow modifying solar array connection topologies. With each panel equipped with such a sophisticated SMD, solar panels in a PV array behave essentially as nodes in an Internet of Things (IoT) type of topology. This solar energy IoT system is currently programmable and can: a) provide mobile analytics, b) enable solar farm control, c) detect and remedy faults, d) optimize power under different shading conditions, and e) reduce inverter transients. A series of federal and industry grants sponsored research on statistical signal analysis, communications, and optimization of this system. A Cyber-Physical project, whose aim is to improve solar array efficiency and robustness using new machine learning and imaging methods, was launched recently.
Optical lithography techniques for 0.25 μm and below: CD control issues (2002)

It is generally accepted that optical lithography will be the technology of choice for the fabrication of devices for several generations to come. In this paper some of the current challenges to print 0.25 /spl mu/m dimensions are addressed. Although the mainstream technologies for 0.35 /spl mu/m and 0.25 /spl mu/m processes are more or less settled, the main challenge will most likely be CD control. Optical proximity effects and CD variations resulting from substrate reflections start to play a major role in the CD budget. Several methods to reduce these contributions (such as the use of optical proximity correction techniques and the use of anti-reflection coatings and surface imaging processes) are presented. Moreover, it will be indicated that considerable improvements in CD control can be obtained by optimization of stepper parameters. Finally, in an attempt to indicate the future of optical lithography, a simulation study is presented, indicating the available process latitudes which can be obtained by combining several of the above listed techniques.
Combining Text and Audio-Visual Features in Video Indexing (2006)

We discuss the opportunities, state of the art, and open research issues in using multi-modal features in video indexing. Specifically, we focus on how imperfect text data obtained by automatic speech recognition (ASR) may be used to help solve challenging problems, such as story segmentation, concept detection, retrieval, and topic clustering. We review the frameworks and machine learning techniques that are used to fuse the text features with audio-visual features. Case studies showing promising performance are described, primarily in the broadcast news video domain.
Characterization of an interleukin-2 (IL-2)-induced tyrosine phosphorylated 116-kDa protein associated with the IL-2 receptor beta-subunit. (1993)

In this paper we have extended previous results on interleukin-2 receptor (IL2-R) signal transduction and focused on the interleukin-2 (IL-2)-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of a 116-kDa protein (p116) observed in IL-2 responsive cells. This protein exhibited rapid and transient phosphorylation kinetics in both human T-lymphocytes and the YT cell line, attaining maximum tyrosine phosphorylation within 5 min of stimulation with IL-2. Tyrosine phosphorylated p116 co-purified with activated IL-2 receptor beta-chain (IL2-R beta) when IL2-R complexes were covalently stabilized with the membrane-permeable cleavable cross-linking agent dithiobis(succimidyl propionate) prior to detergent cell lysis and immunoprecipitation with monoclonal anti-IL2-R beta antibodies. Under these conditions comparable amounts of tyrosine-phosphorylated p116 were immunoprecipitated with either anti-IL2-R beta antibodies or anti-phosphotyrosine antibodies, suggesting that a major portion of tyrosine phosphorylated p116 is associated with the IL2-R beta subunit. Furthermore, unphosphorylated p116 was also associated with unactivated IL2-R beta, based on the observation that p116 from unstimulated YT cells underwent tyrosine phosphorylation in IL2-R beta immune-complex tyrosine kinase assay as demonstrated by anti-phosphotyrosine immunoblotting. The presence of tyrosine kinase activity in affinity-purified IL2-R beta complexes supports the notion of a preformed receptor-kinase complex. The co-association of both p116 and tyrosine kinase activity with the IL2-R beta supports the critical role of the beta-chain in IL2-R signal transduction and suggests that p116 may have a role in the dynamics of IL2-R activation.
Artificial Swarm Intelligence, a Human-in-the-Loop Approach to A.I. (2016)

Most research into Swarm Intelligence explores swarms of autonomous robots or simulated agents. Little work, however, has been done on swarms of networked humans. This paper introduces UNU, an online platform that enables networked users to assemble in real-time swarms and tackle problems as an Artificial Swarm Intelligence (ASI). Modeled after biological swarms, UNU enables large groups of networked users to work together in real-time synchrony, forging a unified dynamic system that can quickly answer questions and make decisions. Early testing suggests that human swarming has significant potential for harnessing the Collective Intelligence (CI) of online groups, often exceeding the natural abilities of individual participants.
Characterization of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) promoter-regulatory region. I. Multiple hormone regulatory elements and the effects of enhancers. (1986)

Transcription of the gene for cytosolic Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) (EC 4.1.1.32) (PEPCK) from rat liver is increased by cAMP and glucocorticoids and decreased by insulin. A PEPCK-thymidine kinase (TK) chimeric gene was transfected into FTO-2B rat hepatoma cells, which were TK-deficient. Previous studies showed that a cAMP regulatory element is located at the 5' end of the PEPCK gene. In this report, we demonstrate that the 5' end of the gene also contains a glucocorticoid regulatory element, but not one for insulin. Regions of the PEPCK gene that contain these regulatory elements were attached to the Herpes simplex virus TK structural gene containing its own promoter. The hormone regulatory elements within the 5' flanking region of the PEPCK gene conferred cAMP and glucocorticoid responsiveness on the TK gene after transfection into FTO-2B cells. Like viral enhancer elements, these regulatory elements functioned properly when placed in either orientation at various positions 5' or 3' to TK. The presence of the SV40 enhancer element upstream from the PEPCK-TK gene had little effect on the basal level of expression or hormonal regulation of the chimeric gene.
Immunostimulation Mechanism of LPD Nanoparticle as a Vaccine Carrier (2004)

A novel and improved vaccine delivery system and/or adjuvant is actively sought to enhance the potency of vaccines. Previously, we reported that strong antitumor immunity could be generated when a peptide antigen was incorporated into LPD (cationic liposome-polycation-pDNA) nanoparticles. In this study, we found that both the cationic liposome and DNA are required for the full immunostimulation activity of LPD. The unique ability of LPD to readily move into local lymphoid tissues and to activate antigen-presenting cells might be responsible for its strong immunostimulatory activity. Moreover, cationic liposome stimulates the expression of CD80/CD86 on dendritic cells (DCs), but not the release of TNF-alpha from DCs, suggesting the existence of a NF-kappaB-independent immunostimulation pathway for cationic lipids such as DOTAP.
Identification and Characterization of an Anti-Fibrotic Benzopyran Compound Isolated from Mangrove-Derived Streptomyces xiamenensis (2012)

An anti-fibrotic compound produced by Streptomycesn xiamenensis, found in mangrove sediments, was investigated for possible therapeutic effects against fibrosis. The compound, N-[[3,4-dihydro-3S-hydroxy-2S-methyl-2-(4'R-methyl-3'S-pentenyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-6-yl]carbonyl]-threonine (1), was isolated from crude extracts and its structure, including the absolute configuration was determined by extensive spectroscopic data analyses, Mosher's method, Marfey's reagent and quantum mechanical calculations. In terms of biological effects, this compound inhibits the proliferation of human lung fibroblasts (WI26), blocks adhesion of human acute monocytic leukemia cells (THP-1) to a monolayer of WI26 cells, and reduces the contractile capacity of WI26 cells in three-dimensional free-floating collagen gels. Altogether, these data indicate that we have identified a bioactive alkaloid (1) with multiple inhibitory biological effects on lung excessive fibrotic characteristics, that are likely involved in fibrosis, suggesting that this molecule might indeed have therapeutic potential against fibrosis.
Allergy in Theory and Practice. (1947)

This edition offers current management methods for allergic and immunologic diseases, including an overview of recent advances in immunology.
Comparison of Small Molecule and Polymeric Urethanes, Thiourethanes, and Dithiourethanes: Hydrogen Bonding and Thermal, Physical, and Mechanical Properties (2009)

The hydrogen bonding behavior of a homologous series of small molecule and polymeric urethanes, thiourethanes, and dithiourethanes was investigated in solution, melt, and solid states. The relative hydrogen bonding strengths in both small molecule and polymer systems were evaluated, and the results were compared to theoretical calculations of hydrogen bonding strength. The results for NMR and FTIR analysis of the small molecule models indicated that the NH protons on the carbamate and thiocarbamates have greater hydrogen bonding strengths than the NH protons of the dithiocarbamate. The polyurethane and polythiourethanes were found to have approximately equivalent physical and mechanical properties as a result of a similar extent of hydrogen bonding, whereas the polydithiourethane, due to a lower degree of hydrogen bonding, has reduced thermal and mechanical transition temperatures as well as lower hardness values. The polythiourethane and polydithiourethane networks exhibit narrower glass transitions compared to polyurethane networks, apparently the result of an efficient isocyanate/isothiocyanate−thiol reaction with little or no side products. Because of weakness of the C−S bond compared to the C−O bond, thiourethanes and dithiourethanes have lower thermal stability than the corresponding urethanes. Finally, the polythiourethanes and polydithiourethane have higher refractive index values than their polyurethane counterpart.
Breastfeeding and the Working Mother: Effect of Time and Temperature of Short-term Storage on Proteolysis, Lipolysis, and Bacterial Growth in Milk (1996)

Storage of human milk is safe at 15 degrees C for 24 hours, whereas at 25 degrees C it is safe for 4 hours. Milk should not be stored at 38 degrees C. Minimal proteolysis during storage suggests that milk proteins probably maintain their structure and function during short-term storage, while the marked lipolysis might slow bacterial growth during this time.
[Chronic rhinosinusitis--new concept of macrolide treatment]. (2009)

小剂量、长期大环内酯类药物治疗慢性鼻．鼻窦炎（CRS），已经被欧洲鼻-鼻窦炎鼻息肉诊疗意见书（EPOS2007）作为A类药物推荐。EPOS 2007是由国际知名鼻科学者参照1112篇相关文献，根据循证医学研究证据而提出的。为此，EPOS 2007虽然冠名“欧洲指南”，但实际上已经成为目前国际鼻科学界公认的指引性文件。
Longevity of the Adult Codling Moth,<i>Cydia pomonella,</i>and the Obliquebanded Leafroller,<i>Choristoneura rosaceana,</i>in Washington Apple Orchards (2008)

The longevity of adult codling moth (Cydia pomonella (L.) Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and obliquebanded leafroller (Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris) Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) held in shaded vials in the tree canopy was measured during the normal flight periods during 2004 and 2005. In both years all codling moths were dead by 130 degree-days (DD) (21 d) in the spring and 121 DD (8 d) in the summer. On a degree-day basis, data were similar across sex, generation, and year, and a common curve adequately predicted the survival distribution. For the obliquebanded leafroller, there were longevity differences between the sexes, but not between generations or years. Use of empirical quantile-quantile plots showed that the female obliquebanded leafroller lived an average of 32% longer than males. Maximum longevity observed in these studies for obliquebanded leafrollers was 117 DD (11 d) across both generations. The implications of these data for population biology studies and quarantine requirements are discussed.
Multistatic Response Matrix of Spherical Scatterers and the Back-Propagation of Singular Fields (2008)

In view of the development of multiple signal classification-type, non-iterative imaging procedures based on the singular value decomposition of the multistatic response (MSR) matrix of a collection of inclusions, the full 3-D electromagnetic case with arbitrary contrasts of permeability and permittivity (including perfectly electric conducting or perfectly magnetic conducting limit cases) is studied. The structure of the MSR matrix of a single inclusion (or a set of well-separated ones) is analyzed. Emphasis is on a far-field situation, in which one considers an electric dipole array operated in the transmit/receive mode at a single frequency. Back-propagated electric and magnetic fields associated to the singular vectors of the MSR matrix for a single spherical inclusion (or again for well-separated ones) are given in closed form and their leading-order values are exhibited. Numerical illustrations (cross-sectional maps of back-propagated fields computed from a singular value decomposition of the MSR matrix) are presented, for one and two inclusions, to illustrate this behavior as a function of the geometric and electromagnetic parameters of the configuration in a possibly noisy case.
The structure of Eurropean Community R&amp;D policy: opportunities and limits (1993)

Abstract At present the future structure and development of European Community research and development (R&amp;D) policies and programmes are being widely discussed. This paper is intended to assist those following the debate by setting out the background and some of the major issues including those raised by the Maastricht Treaty.
Integer programming based topology selection of cell-level analog circuits (1995)

A new approach to cell-level analog circuit synthesis is presented. This approach formulates analog synthesis as a Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Programming (MINLP) problem in order to allow simultaneous topology and parameter selection. Topology choices are represented as binary integer variables and design parameters (e.g., device sizes and bias voltages) as continuous variables. Examples using a Branch and Bound method to efficiently solve the MINLP problem for CMOS two-stage op amps are given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Effects of benzyl alcohol on PTH receptor-adenylate cyclase system of canine kidney (1985)

In many systems, perturbations of membrane architecture by changes of lipid and phospholipid composition have been shown to alter the activity of membrane-bound enzymes. The present studies examined the effect of benzyl alcohol, an agent that has been shown to increase membrane fluidity, on the parathyroid hormone (PTH)-sensitive adenylate cyclase system of canine kidney. Benzyl alcohol progressively increased basal adenylate cyclase activity up to fourfold and maximal enzyme activity in the presence of PTH, GTP, guanylimidodiphosphate, and sodium fluoride by four- to sixfold. In the presence of 20 mM Mn2+ (no Mg2+), conditions under which enzyme activity is devoid of influence of guanine nucleotides or hormones, benzyl alcohol was without effect. PTH binding was increased by 25% in the presence of benzyl alcohol without a change in binding affinity. Fluorescent polarization studies using diphenylhexatriene showed a decrease in fluorescence anisotropy in the presence of benzyl alcohol. The results suggest that benzyl alcohol facilitates the interaction of the components of the adenylate cyclase system, presumably by increasing membrane fluidity. Alterations of membrane fluidity may be a potent means of regulating hormone sensitive adenylate cyclase activity.
Efficacy of Skin-Directed Therapy for Cutaneous Metastases From Advanced Cancer: A Meta-Analysis (2014)

Response to skin-directed therapy for cutaneous metastases is high but heterogeneous across treatment modalities, with low rates of recurrence post-treatment. Treatment was generally well tolerated and conferred improvements in quality of life. Standardization of response criteria for cutaneous metastases and treatment algorithms to optimally use the available skin-directed therapies are needed.
Formation of Monodispersed Nano‐ and Micro‐Particles Controlled in Size, Shape, and Internal Structure (2003)

Abstract Size control of monodispersed particles must normally be performed during the very short nucleation period, because the final particle number is determined by the end of the nucleation and it does not change until the end of the particle growth. On the other hand, the shape control is mainly performed by adsorption of shape controllers during the growth period, although in some cases the crystal structure of the nuclei may have essential influence on the morphology of the grown particles. The internal structure of each particle is often strongly affected by the action of shape controllers. This article deals with the fundamental mechanisms of the nucleation, growth, and structural formation of monodispersed nano‐ and micro‐particles, leading to the control of their size, shape, and internal structure.
A new generation of absolute gravimeters (1995)

We describe the design improvements incorporated in a new generation of absolute gravimeters, the FG5. A vertically oriented (in-line) interferometer design is used to remove the influence of floor vibration and tilt on the optical path length. The interferometer uses an iodine-stabilized laser as a primary length standard, with circuitry for automatic peak detection and locking. The seismic isolation system is an active long-period seismometer (Super Spring). The new design has improved passive isolation and thermal drift characteristics over previous systems. Programming flexibility and control of the test mass trajectory have been improved. The computer system has also improved real-time analysis and system capability. The FG5 instrument has a higher level of robustness, reliability and ease of use. These design advances have led to an instrumental uncertainty estimate of 1,1 × 10-8 m s-2 (1,0 μGal). Instrument agreement among nine similar devices is 1,8 μGal and observations under optimal conditions exhibit standard deviations of 5 μGal to 8 μGal.
Endogenous Nur77 Is a Specific Indicator of Antigen Receptor Signaling in Human T and B Cells (2016)

Distinguishing true Ag-stimulated lymphocytes from bystanders activated by the inflammatory milieu has been difficult. Nur77 is an immediate early gene whose expression is rapidly upregulated by TCR signaling in murine T cells and human thymocytes. Nur77-GFP transgenes serve as specific TCR and BCR signaling reporters in murine transgenic models. In this study, we demonstrate that endogenous Nur77 protein expression can serve as a reporter of TCR and BCR specific signaling in human PBMCs. Nur77 protein amounts were assessed by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry in T and B cells isolated from human PBMCs obtained from healthy donors that had been stimulated by their respective Ag receptors. We demonstrate that endogenous Nur77 is a more specific reporter of Ag-specific signaling events than the commonly used CD69 activation marker in both human T and B cells. This is reflective of the disparity in signaling pathways that regulate the expression of Nur77 and CD69. Assessing endogenous Nur77 protein expression has great potential to identify Ag-activated lymphocytes in human disease.
Efficient protein production using a Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus lacking the cysteine proteinase gene. (1997)

Infection by a baculovirus (Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus, BmNPV) in silkworm (Bombyx mori) larvae is highly efficient as an expression system for the production of useful proteins. However, the amount of the protein of interest expressed tends to decrease in the later stages of infection presumably due, in part, to a proteinase produced in the larval haemolymph. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of a proteinase purified from the haemolymph of BmNPV-infected larvae was identical to the internal amino acid sequence of the viral cysteine proteinase gene of BmNPV, suggesting that the cysteine proteinase in the haemolymph originated from the BmNPV gene. We constructed a mutant virus (CPd) which had a deletion in the cysteine proteinase gene. No proteinase activity corresponding to this proteinase was detected in the haemolymph of silkworm larvae infected with CPd. The firefly luciferase and the human growth hormone genes were separately introduced into CPd under control of the polyhedrin promoter. These constructs produced these proteins very efficiently, because of a greatly reduced degree of degradation of these proteins. A BmNPV vector system using CPd enhances the stability of foreign expressed proteins, especially for those that are cysteine proteinase-sensitive.
Pulmonary artery catheter: arterialisation of aspirated wedge blood confirms the wedge position in pulmonary hypertension (1996)

A falsely elevated pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP) reading was obtained in a patient with pulmonary hypertension, despite compliance with accepted criteria for validation of the wedge position. The report suggests that in the presence of pulmonary hypertension a pulmonary artery wedge pressure measurement should not be accepted unless the value is substantially less than the pulmonary artery diastolic pressure. It also affirms the value of documenting arterialisation of aspirated 'wedge' blood in verifying the wedge position.