gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Metabolism of<i>N</i>-Ethyl-<i>N</i>-methylaniline by Rabbit Liver Microsomes: The Measurement of Metabolites by Gas-liquid Chromatography (1975)

1. A method for the determination of N-ethyl-N-methylaniline and its metabolites by g.l.c. is described. 2. Following incubation in N-ethyl-N-methylaniline with rabbit liver microsomes for 60 min, over 95% of the substrate was accounted for as unchanged compound or metabolites. 3. N-Ethyl-N-methylaniline is metabolized in vitro by rabbit tissues mainly by N-oxidation and N-demethylation and to a lesser extent by N-deethylation and di-dealkylation. 4. Both major routes of metabolism were observed in homogenates prepared from rabbit liver and lung; in addition N-oxidation occurred in kidney and bladder tissue homogenates.
Construction of positive time-frequency distributions (1994)

A general method for constructing nonnegative definite, joint time-frequency distributions (TFDs) satisfying the marginals of time |s(t)|/sup 2/ and frequency |S(f)|/sup 2/ is presented. As nonnegative-definite distributions with the correct marginals, these TFDs are members of the Cohen-Posch class. Several examples illustrating properties of these TFDs are presented for both synthetic and real signals.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Iris on the Move: Acquisition of Images for Iris Recognition in Less Constrained Environments (2006)

Iris recognition is one of the most powerful techniques for biometric identification ever developed. Commercial systems based on the algorithms developed by John Daugman have been available since 1995 and have been used in a variety of practical applications. However, all currently available systems impose substantial constraints on subject position and motion during the recognition process. These constraints are largely driven by the image acquisition process, rather than the particular pattern-matching algorithm used for the recognition process. In this paper we present results of our efforts to substantially reduce constraints on position and motion by means of a new image acquisition system based on high-resolution cameras, video synchronized strobed illumination, and specularity based image segmentation. We discuss the design tradeoffs we made in developing the system and the performance we have been able to achieve when the image acquisition system is combined with a standard iris recognition algorithm. The Iris on the Move (IOM) system is the first system to enable capture of iris images of sufficient quality for iris recognition while the subject is moving at a normal walking pace through a minimally confining portal
Variable-Length Binary Encodings (1959)

This paper gives a theoretical treatment of several properties which describe certain variable-length binary encodings of the sort which could be used for the storage or transmission of information. Some of these, such as the prefix and finite delay properties, deal with the time delay with which circuits can be built to decipher the encodings. The self-synchronizing property deals with the ability of the deciphering circuits to get in phase automatically with the enciphering circuits. Exhaustive encodings have the property that all possible sequences of binary digits can occur as messages. Alphabetical-order encodings are those for which the alphabetical order of the letters is preserved as the numerical order of the binary codes, and would be of possible value for sorting of data or consultation of files or dictionaries. Various theorems are proved about the relationships between these properties, and also about their relationship to the average number of binary digits used to encode each letter of the original message.
Novel semisynthetic analogues of betulinic acid with diverse cytoprotective, antiproliferative, and proapoptotic activities (2007)

Betulinic acid (BA), a pentacyclic triterpene isolated from birch bark and other plants, selectively inhibits the growth of human cancer cell lines. However, the poor potency of BA hinders its clinical development, despite a lack of toxicity in animal studies even at high concentrations. Here, we describe six BA derivatives that are markedly more potent than BA for inhibiting inducible nitric oxide synthase, activating phase 2 cytoprotective enzymes, and inducing apoptosis in cancer cells and in Bax/Bak(-/-) fibroblasts, which lack two key proteins involved in the intrinsic, mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic pathway. Notably, adding a cyano-enone functionality in the A ring of BA enhanced its cytoprotective properties, but replacing the cyano group with a methoxycarbonyl strikingly increased potency in the apoptosis assays. Higher plasma and tissue levels were obtained with the new BA analogues, especially CBA-Im [1-(2-cyano-3-oxolupa-1,20(29)-dien-28-oyl)imidazole], compared with BA itself and at concentrations that were active in vitro. These results suggest that BA is a useful platform for drug development, and the enhanced potency and varied biological activities of CBA-Im make it a promising candidate for further chemoprevention or chemotherapeutic studies.
Physical and Chemical Aspects of Ultrasonic Disruption of Cells (1970)

An assessment is made of the relative contributions of mechanical and sonochemical effects to damage suffered by mammalian cells when sonicated in aqueous-suspension culture. In a 1-MHz progressive wave beam, under conditions providing stabilization of the cavitation field, the intensity threshold and intensity optimum for cell disintegration occur at about 1 and 5 W cm−2, respectively, and the same pattern is found for the liberation of free iodine in solutions of KI. The cell culture medium is, however, found to have a chemiprotective effect on the cells, probably as a result of successful competition for OH radicals on the part of glucose and amino acid constituents of the medium. Thus, although prolonged sonication of the medium can eventually reduce its ability to support cells, such indirect effect is insignificant the relatively short irradiation times required to kill 99% of cells and the primary mechanism of damage here appears to be mechanical. Pulsing conditions have an important influence on both cell disintegration and iodine-release rates, which both show maxima for 30-msec pulse duration and drop to zero for pulse durations below 1 msec. The relevance of this finding to the kinetics of cavitation mechanisms discussed.
Cross-presentation of virus-like particles by skin-derived CD8– dendritic cells: a dispensable role for TAP (2002)

Virus-like particles (VLP) induce efficient CTL responses although they do not carry any genetic information. Here, we analyzed MHC class I associated presentation of VLP-derived CTL-epitopes in vivo. After intradermal injection of VLP containing the immunodominant epitope (p33) of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (p33-VLP), presentation of peptide p33 in draining lymph nodes was largely restricted to CD8(-) skin-derived dendritic cells (DC). Surprisingly, and in contrast to findings with tumor cells, TAP1-deficient DC and macrophages mediated efficient cross-presentation of VLP-derived p33 in vivo and in vitro. However, the ability of TAP1-deficient DC to cross-present p33-VLP was reduced compared to wild-type DC, indicating that in DC, both TAP-dependent and TAP-independent pathways were operative. In contrast, macrophages cross-presented p33-VLP normally in the absence of TAP. The TAP-dependent pathway of cross-presentation is therefore confined to DC while both macrophages and DC harbor the TAP-independent pathway. In summary, the results show that VLP-derived epitopes are cross-presented by CD8(-) DC in vivo in a partial TAP-independent fashion and highlight important differences in the processing machinery of DC versus macrophages.
Filovirius vaccines (2011)

Filoviruses can cause severe and often fatal hemorrhagic fever in humans and non-human primates (NHPs). Although there are currently no clinically proven treatments for filovirus disease, much progress has been made in recent years in the discovery of therapeutics and vaccines against these viruses. A variety of vaccine platforms have been shown to be effective against filovirus infection. This review summarizes the literature in this field, focusing on vaccines that have been shown to protect NHPs from infection. Furthermore, the uses of rodent models in vaccine development, as well as correlates of immunity, are discussed.
FFT processing of direct sequence spreading codes using modern DSP microprocessors (2002)

It is illustrated how a DSP (digital signal processing)-microprocessor-based module can be used for rapid identification and acquisition of the GPS (Global Positioning Satellite) system C/A codes. Specifically, the author describes the use of Inmos' VecTram DSP module, which consists of an Inmos 32-b floating point transputer and Zoran's 32-b floating point vector signal processor (VSP). The algorithm correlates a pseudorandom sequence in the frequency domain using the fast Fourier transform. The frequency-domain correlation algorithm is shown to be considerably more efficient than time-domain correlation, assuming that the time-domain correlation is performed with hardware of comparable performance The author explores the philosophy of the technique, and provides examples of the algorithm and results. A mathematically rigorous description is not provided.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Tinta sobre el tinto (1993)

Cafe, dinero y macroeconomia: ensayos. Armando Montenegro. Fundacion Friedrich Ebert de Colombia -Fescol-, Santafe de Bogota, 1993, 394 pags.
Flow patterns and transport in Rayleigh surface acoustic wave streaming: combined finite element method and raytracing numerics versus experiments (2008)

This work presents an approach for determining the streaming patterns that are generated by Rayleigh surface acoustic waves in arbitrary 3-D geometries by finite element method (FEM) simulations. An efficient raytracing algorithm is applied on the acoustic subproblem to avoid the unbearable memory demands and computational time of a conventional FEM acoustics simulation in 3-D. The acoustic streaming interaction is modeled by a body force term in the Stokes equation. In comparisons between experiments and simulated flow patterns, we demonstrate the quality of the proposed technique.
Studies in Molecular Dynamics. I. General Method (1959)

A method is outlined by which it is possible to calculate exactly the behavior of several hundred interacting classical particles. The study of this many-body problem is carried out by an electronic computer which solves numerically the simultaneous equations of motion. The limitations of this numerical scheme are enumerated and the important steps in making the program efficient on the computers are indicated. The applicability of this method to the solution of many problems in both equilibrium and nonequilibrium statistical mechanics is discussed.
Expression of the macrophage colony-stimulating factor and c-fms genes in human acute myeloblastic leukemia cells. (1988)

Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF-1; M-CSF) is a growth factor required for growth and differentiation of mononuclear phagocytes. The effects of CSF-1 are mediated through binding to specific, high-affinity surface receptors encoded by the c-fms gene. CSF-1 and c-fms gene expression was investigated in fresh human acute myeloblastic leukemic cells by Northern blot hybridization using cDNA probes. 4.0-kb CSF-1 transcripts were detected in 10 of 17 cases of acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML), while c-fms transcripts were detected in 7 of 15. Coexpression of CSF-1 and c-fms was observed in five cases, and in five other cases neither gene was expressed. In situ hybridization demonstrated that transcripts for CSF-1 were present in 70-90% of cells in each of three cases studied while c-fms mRNA was detected in 40-70% of cells. The constitutive expression of CSF-1 transcripts was associated with production of CSF-1 protein, although detectable amounts of CSF-1 were not secreted unless the cells were exposed to phorbol ester. These results demonstrate that leukemic myeloblasts from a subset of patients with AML express transcripts for both the CSF-1 and CSF-1 receptor genes, often in the same leukemic cells in vitro.
Fuzzy intelligent emotion and instinct control of a robotic unicycle (2002)

The study of rider's postural stability control on a unicycle began from the observation of a human riding on a unicycle with vestibular model as the intelligent biomechanic model which includes instinct and intuition mechanisms. We developed a new biomechanic model with two closed link mechanisms and one turntable to emulate a human riding a unicycle by a robot. Our work is on the improvement of fuzzy control method. Simulation results show that both robot's longitudinal and lateral postures can be stabilized successfully on basis of AI fuzzy control system.
Facile synthesis of dumbbell-shaped multi-compartment nanoparticles (2015)

In this article we report on the controlled synthesis of asymmetric lemon-shaped and dumbbell-shaped multi-compartment nanoparticles (MCPs) with a reactive surface and interesting morphology. In our approach we utilize partial coating of hematite ellipsoids with a hydrophobic polymer layer followed by selective silica deposition on the non-coated surface. Ellipsoidal hematite particles provide a non-centric asymmetry, which is strongly enhanced during the seeded emulsion polymerization. The asymmetric growth of polymers on the hematite particle surface is driven by phase separation phenomena, which lead to a reduction of the interfacial tension. We found the tips of the hematite ellipsoids to be uncovered after polymerization. A selective deposition of silica onto the free tips leads to dumbbell-shaped particles with hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts.
Particle Filtering for Network-Based Positioning Terrestrial Radio Networks (2014)

There is strong interest in positioing in wireless networks, partly to support end user service needs, but also to support network management with network-based network information. The focus in this paper is on the latter, while using measurements that are readily available in wireless networks. We show how thesignal direction of departure and inter-distance between the base station and the mobile terminal can be estimated, and how particle filters and smoothers can be used to post-process the measurements. The methods are evaluated in a live 3GPP LTE network with promising results inlcuding position error medians of less than 100 m.
[Acute and intermediate clinical and angiography results after coronary stent implantation]. (1992)

The value of stenting in emergency situations in interventional angioplasty procedures is widely accepted. Stenting remains controversial as a therapeutic method for use beyond the acute phase, as the results reported in the acute phase are characterized by a wide range. This study reports the implantation results of Palmaz-Schatz stents in 64 cases mostly for failed PTCA. Stents were mounted on Monorail-PVC-balloon catheters. The acute success rate was 96.8%. In two cases with stent misplacement CABG was performed within 48 h. No lethal events occurred in the acute phase. Stent thrombosis has only been seen in four cases (6.5%) so far under subtle monitoring of the anticoagulant regime. Restenosis rate (definition: NHLBI-4) according to serial angiography 6 and 12 weeks after implantation was 4.25% at 6 weeks, with a cumulative rate of 19.4% up to 12 weeks. All recurrences eligible for PTCA have been successfully redilated. A high extracardiac complication rate--predominantly groin hematoma--is the main disadvantage of the procedure. Surgical repair was necessary in 11.4% up to 6 weeks after implantation. Surprisingly high was also the incidence of hematuria, also in 11.4%, in the phase of high anticoagulation. In conclusion, stenting is an effective therapeutic method to avoid emergency CABG and elective CABG in most cases of failed PTCA.
Performance modeling of camera-assisted proactive base station selection for human blockage problem in mmWave communications (2016)

In millimeter wave (mmWave) communications, when a pedestrian blocks the path of the line of sight (LOS) between a station (STA) and a base station (BS), the quality of communication sharply deteriorates. In order to cope with such human blockage, an RGB and depth (RGB-D) camera-assisted proactive handover scheme is proposed in this paper. The scheme uses images from an RGB-D camera to predict human blockage, and allows the selection of an appropriate BS based on this prediction. To clarify the impact of the accuracy of blockage prediction on throughput performance and assess the ideal performance of the proposed scheme, we propose the performance modeling of both proactive and reactive handover schemes based on the received power level. Numerical evaluation results revealed conditions under which the proactive handover scheme yields higher spectral efficiency than the reactive scheme. We conducted simulations to verify the performance gain of the proposed scheme in a realistic scenario where the LOS paths between a mobile STA and the BS were stochastically blocked. The results show that the proactive handover scheme can reduce the duration of outages due to human blockage, and increased system throughput by 12.1% over the reactive handover scheme.
Gastrointestinal Transit and Concomitant Absorption of Verapamil from a Single-Unit Sustained-Release Tablet (1987)

A radiographic procedure is described for determining the position of a single-unit sustained-release tablet and the concomitant drug serum level. The results confirmed that, under fasting conditions, an essential part of the absorption of the model drug, verapamil, takes place in the colon. Food affected not only the gastrointestinal transit of the tablet but also the absorption rate of verapamil. With food the commencement of absorption was clearly more rapid than under fasting conditions. This is because the tablet is retained for a longer time by the food in the upper parts of the gastrointestinal tract, which favour drug absorption. It is concluded that absorption of verapamil from the colon is also effective and can be utilized in sustained release formulations. The ratio of AUC values of verapamil to those of norverapamil was markedly higher under fasting conditions, indicating enhanced bioavailability of verapamil from formulations which release most of the drug into the colon.
A new frequency detector for orthogonal multicarrier transmission techniques (2002)

Deals with the carrier frequency synchronization of orthogonal multicarrier systems, which are an effective transmission technique for coping with the typical channel impairments present in mobile reception. A new carrier frequency detector is introduced and its performance thoroughly analyzed in the presence of a multipath channel. In particular the authors have analytically derived the frequency detector characteristic curve and its noise power spectral density. They have compared the new algorithm with other known algorithms and have shown that it permits a considerable improvement in the noise level to be achieved.
A new ultra-hard etch-stop layer for high precision micromachining (1999)

In the present work we describe a high-precision fabrication method for silicon micromachining based on a newly developed epitaxial etch-stop. This etch-stop, composed of a silicon-germanium alloy with no boron doping, outperforms traditional boron-doped etch stops in several important and fundamental ways. Etch selectivities in a variety of standard etchants compare favorably with those obtained using high-concentration boron diffused and epitaxial layers. Microstructural analysis of the new etch-stop layer demonstrates a significant reduction in defect density relative to boron-doped counterparts. Tuning fork gyroscopes built with the new etch-stop show build dimensions comparable to those fabricated with conventional methods. We propose a band structure model for the etch-stop mechanism that mimics the hole-injection phenomenon often invoked for boron doping, and conclude with a brief discussion of the advantages of this new fabrication technology.
Evidence for posttranscriptional regulation of the keratins expressed during hyperproliferation and malignant transformation in human epidermis. (1986)

Keratin K6 is a protein that is expressed in human skin under conditions of hyperproliferation (e.g., wound-healing, psoriasis, and cell culture) and malignant transformation (e.g., squamous cell carcinomas). When induced, the appearance of K6 is rapid: if skin tissue is placed in radiolabeled culture medium, this protein can be detected within an hour. The regulation of K6 seems to be controlled partly by a posttranscriptional mechanism: At least two K6 genes are actively transcribed both in vivo, when the protein is not made, as well as in vitro, when abundant levels of the protein are expressed. Substantial levels of K6a and K6b RNAs can be detected in skin by Northern Blot analysis, and these RNAs are largely, if not fully translatable in vitro. In situ hybridizations reveal that the RNAs are distributed throughout the living layers of the epidermis. The rapid induction of K6 expression through a posttranscriptional regulatory mechanism suggests that this keratin may play an important role in designing a cytoskeletal architecture that is compatible with the hyperproliferative state.
An MR‐based technique for quantifying the deformation of articular cartilage during mechanical loading in an intact cadaver joint (1998)

The objective of this study was to develop an MR-based technique for quantifying the deformation of articular cartilage during mechanical loading in an intact cadaver joint at high spatial and temporal resolution. A nonmetallic pressure device was constructed for applying loads of >1000 N to a femoro-patellar articulation within an extremity coil of a clinical 1.5 T MRI scanner. Digital image processing methods were used to determine the location- and time-dependent cartilage deformation in consecutive 2D fat-suppressed FLASH images. Additionally, three-dimensional reconstruction of the cartilage was performed from 3D fat-suppressed FLASH image data. During the first 10 min of static compression, thickness changes between 10 and 30% were observed. Thickness changes greater than 50% and volume changes of 20% were recorded after 3 h. The technique permits analysis of the load and time-dependent mechanical behavior of articular cartilage in its natural environment.
Detection, semiquantitation, and genetic variation in hepatitis C virus sequences amplified from the plasma of blood donors with elevated alanine aminotransferase. (1990)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the predominant etiologic agent of posttransfusion non-A, non-B hepatitis, characterized by undulating elevation of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and chronic liver disease. A commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay detected antibodies to HCV (anti-HCV) in 11 specimens among 101 nontransfusable plasma units obtained from asymptomatic, volunteer blood donors with elevated levels' of ALT. Using a combined reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay developed by us, HCV RNA was detected in 0.6 ml of plasma from 8 of 11 (73%) of the anti-HCV-positive but in none of the 90 anti-HCV-negative specimens. The relatively low concentration of HCV RNA could be detected in the remaining three anti-HCV-positive specimens when 2.4 ml of plasma was analyzed. The plasma concentration of virions was estimated to range from 10(2) to 5 x 10(7)/ml. Direct sequencing performed on the PCR-amplified HCV cDNAs (210 base pairs) from three specimens revealed heterogeneity between 2.5 and 8.6% at the nucleotide level and less than 4% at the amino acid level. Our findings demonstrate that RT-PCR can be performed with 2.4 ml of plasma, providing an assay for the direct detection of HCV RNA and confirming the existence of an asymptomatic carrier state for HCV infection in the apparently healthy anti-HCV-positive donors.