gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The invariant arginine in motif 2 of Escherichia coli alanyl-tRNA synthetase is important for catalysis but not for substrate binding. (1994)

Structural motifs 2 and 3, located in the active site of class II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, each contain an invariant arginine thought to participate in interactions with ATP. For Escherichia coli alanyl-tRNA synthetase (AlaRS), sequence comparisons indicate that Arg-69 should be aligned with the invariant arginine in motif 2 of other class II synthetases. Site-directed random mutagenesis has been employed to generate a set of proteins containing amino acid substitutions in a portion of motif 2 of AlaRS. In this set, only mutations at position 69 caused the enzyme to lose ability to complement growth of an alaS deletion strain, and proteins containing substitutions at position 69 alone are undetectable in a Western blot assay. A mutant protein containing the transposition of Arg-69 with Gly-71 does not complement growth but does accumulate in vivo and has thus been purified. Michaelis and dissociation constants for the interaction of this protein with ATP are indistinguishable from those of the wild-type enzyme. However, this two-position displacement of the arginine causes a decrease in the kcat for the ATP-PPi exchange reaction by 2 orders of magnitude. These data suggest a role for the invariant arginine of motif 2 in stabilization of the transition state during alanyladenylate synthesis.
A database approach to cross selling in the banking industry: Practices, strategies and challenges (2004)

Competition among banks all over the world is getting increasingly fierce and the effectiveness of traditional marketing campaigns is reducing at an alarming rate. To maintain competitiveness, banks have to adopt new approaches to improve marketing and operational efficiency. This paper focuses on the issues pertaining to the database approach to cross selling, which is believed to be the key value-enhancer in the future. Since Hong Kong is always regarded as the ‘mirror of the future’ for China, the authors use Hong Kong as an example to illustrate the practices, strategies and challenges of cross selling in the banking industry. Stories of cross selling in Hong Kong today will soon be retold in China with its 1.3 billion retail customers, and may significantly influence future cross selling operations and strategies there.
Light-trapping silicon solar cells-experimental results and analysis (2002)

A method to identify and quantify light trapping in solar cells is presented. Light-trapping effectiveness depends on the internal reflectivity and texturing of device surfaces. The incorporation of light-trapping features can experimentally be seen in spectral response and reflectance measurements, as well as in the overall light-generated current. Due to the large number of variables that affect light-generated current, an analysis that evaluates only the optical properties of the structure is proposed. The effective optical path length of confined light is proposed as a figure of merit of the optical design. This effective optical path length is shown to be a function of wavelength. Analysis of the near-bandgap light is presented as a monochromatic case with appropriate specifications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Electrochromic layers for active optical filters (1989)

In principle, electrochromic materials permit continuous variation of the absorption and reflection characteristics of functional optical components. This has led to a broad range of innovative developments. The important and essential properties of electrochromic applications are presented for the materials used most frequently and various system designs are explained with reference to some examples. Three applications for electrochromic systems are introduced - the electrochromic display, the continuously dimmed automobile mirror and the so-called "smart window".
$^{13}C$ Spin-Lattice Relaxation Study of Segmental Motions in n-alkanes: n-Undecane and n-Dodecane (1998)

The motions of carbon-chain backbone in n-undecance and n-dodecane dissolved in CDCl3 are investigated by 13C NMR relaxation study. For this purpose a model of C - C backbone motions for these molecules is introduced that takes into account the cooperativities between rotations about two -coupled C - C bonds. In this model it is assumed that the major conformational interconversions occurring in the inner part of the chain involve the type II jumps only, although at terminal part of the chain both type II and type III motions are assumed to take place. Information of the rate constants of these conformational transitions could be extracted by comparing the T1's calculated on the basis of the assumed model with those observed over the temperature range of 248 - 308 K. The calculations were performed according to the method proposed by Wittebort and Szabo. The activation energies, ranging from ca 12 to 20 kJ/mol, could be obtained from the Arrhenius plots of these calculated rate constants.
VISUALIZATION OF DEVELOPING SECONDARY FLOW PATTERNS IN THE HYDRODYNAMIC ENTRANCE REGION OF A CURVED PIPE (1995)

Photographic results obtained by smoke injection method are presented for developing secondary flow patterns in the hydrodynamic entrance region of a curved pipe (pipe inside diameter d = 25.4 mm, radius of curvature R = 127 mm, and curvature ratio d/2R = 0.1) with fully developed parabolic entry velocity profile for the bend angles φ = 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 135, and 180°. The Dean number and Reynolds number ranges are K = 91−653 and Re = 287−2,064, respectively. The characteristic features of the developing secondary flow patterns and some discrepancies between flow visualization results and the existing theoretical predictions are pointed out. Secondary flow separation phenomena near the inner wall are disclosed clearly by flow visualization. The present flow visualization study complements theoretical study.
All smiles (2012)

We propose a framework for automatic enhancement of group photographs by facial expression analysis. We are motivated by the observation that group photographs are seldom perfect. Subjects may have inadvertently closed their eyes, may be looking away, or may not be smiling at that moment. Given a set of photographs of the same group of people, our algorithm uses facial analysis to determine a goodness score for each face instance in those photos. This scoring function is based on classifiers for facial expressions such as smiles and eye-closure, trained over a large set of annotated photos. Given these scores, a best composite for the set is synthesized by (a) selecting the photo with the best overall score, and (b) replacing any low-scoring faces in that photo with high-scoring faces of the same person from other photos, using alignment and seamless composition.
Tetraimidazophthalocyanines (2000)

The first two phthalocyanines bearing four fused imidazole rings on the periphery have been prepared. The synthesis, though a conventional one, has required the preparation of 5,6-dicyanobenzimidazoles. The novel phthalocyanines show λ max at about 715 nm.
Microrobot System for Automatic Nanohandling Inside a Scanning Electron Microscope (2007)

In this paper, current research work on the development of an automated nano handling station in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) is presented. An experimental setup is described, in which two mobile microrobots cooperate in the vacuum chamber of an SEM. The robots are positioned by a closed-loop controller with sensor data, which is provided by three charge-coupled device cameras and the SEM. Continuous pose estimation is carried out by processing noisy SEM images in real time. To enable the automation of complex tasks, a client-server control system that can integrate various microrobots and sensors is introduced. Finally, the overall system is evaluated by automatic handling of transmission electron microscope lamellae.
A Compliance Aware Software Defined Infrastructure (2014)

With cloud eclipsing the $100B mark, it is clear that the main driver is no longer strictly cost savings. The focus now is to exploit the cloud for innovation, utilizing the agility to expand resources to quickly build out new designs, products, simulations and analysis. As the cloud lowers the unit cost of IT and improves agility, the time to market for applications will improve significantly. Companies will use this agility and speed as competitive advantage. An example of the agility is the adoption by enterprises of the software-defined datacenter (SDDC)[3] model, which allows for the rapid build of environments with composable infrastructures. With adoption of the SDDC model, intelligent and automated management of the SDDC is an immediate priority, required to support the changing workloads and dynamic patterns of the enterprise. Often, security and compliance become an 'after thought', bolted on later when problems arise. In this paper, we will discuss our experience in developing and deploying a centralized management system for public, as well as an Openstack [4] based cloud platform in SoftLayer, with an innovative, analytics-driven 'security compliance as a service' that constantly adjusts to varying compliance requirements based on workload, security and compliance requirements. In this paper we will also focus on techniques we have developed for capturing and replaying the previous state of a failing client virtual machine (VM) image, roll back, and then re-execute to analyze failures related to security or compliance. This technique contributes to agility, since failing VM's with security issues can quickly be analyzed and brought back online, this is often not the case with security problems, where analysis and forensics can take several days/weeks.
Expressing an image stream with a sequence of natural sentences (2015)

We propose an approach for retrieving a sequence of natural sentences for an image stream. Since general users often take a series of pictures on their special moments, it would better take into consideration of the whole image stream to produce natural language descriptions. While almost all previous studies have dealt with the relation between a single image and a single natural sentence, our work extends both input and output dimension to a sequence of images and a sequence of sentences. To this end, we design a multimodal architecture called coherence recurrent convolutional network (CRCN), which consists of convolutional neural networks, bidirectional recurrent neural networks, and an entity-based local coherence model. Our approach directly learns from vast user-generated resource of blog posts as text-image parallel training data. We demonstrate that our approach outperforms other state-of-the-art candidate methods, using both quantitative measures (e.g. BLEU and top-K recall) and user studies via Amazon Mechanical Turk.
G3-PLC specification for powerline communication: Overview, system simulation and field trial results (2010)

An overview of a new physical layer specification for powerline communication, named G3-PLC, is presented. The specification uses OFDM for data transmission and is intended to operate in the low-frequency band, from 35.9 kHz to 90.6 kHz. Simulation results are presented showing the expected performance of a typical G3-PLC-compliant modem when operating in a powerline channel, followed by field trial results showing performance of several G3-PLC modems operating on actual MV and LV powerline channels. In particular, results are presented for the first time showing performance of modems residing on opposite sides of a 20 kV - 220 V transformer that interfaces an MV powerline to an LV powerline.
Flow Control Valves for Analytical Microfluidic Chips without Mechanical Parts Based on Thermally Responsive Monolithic Polymers (2003)

Monolithic plugs of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) cross-linked with 5% methylenebisacrylamide have been prepared by photoinitiated polymerization within the channel of a microfluidic device. The volume change associated with the polymer phase transition at its lower critical solution temperature of 32 degrees C allows both the rapid swelling and the deswelling of the monoliths enabling the polymer to close or open the channel as it functions as a nonmechanical valve. Thermoelectric elements capable of changing the temperature of the system between 17 and 57 degrees C were used to actuate the valve. Flow through the device was monitored by fluorescence measurements via the laser-triggered photobleaching of a dye contained in the liquid phase. Photobleaching occurs quickly once the flow is stopped, and the time required to open and close the valve was 3.5 and 5.0 s, respectively. No changes in function were observed even after 120 open-close cycles. Although the 2-mm-long valve was prepared from a polymerization mixture consisting of only a 5% aqueous solution of monomers, it resists pressures of up to 1.38 MPa (200 psi) without observable structural damage.
Automatic identification of papillary muscles in left-ventricular short-axis echocardiographic images (1996)

An automatic method for identifying the location of the papillary muscles in two-dimensional (2-D) short-axis echocardiographic images is described. The technique uses both spatial and temporal information to identify the presence and track the location of the muscles in the left ventricle from end-diastole to end-systole. The three main steps of the method are spatial preprocessing, spatial processing, and temporal processing. The spatial preprocessing step includes a region of search estimation. The spatial processing step includes a papillary muscle existence test and an initial approximation of the papillary muscle points. The temporal processing includes motion-pattern evaluation and final papillary muscle location. The estimates of existence and position for the automatic method were compared with estimates made by an independent expert observer. Two hundred and ten frames, three taken from each of 70 image sequences, were evaluated. Since two regions of search were processed for each frame (one for the posterior-inferior and one for the anterior-lateral papillary muscle), a total of 420 approximations were made. Of this total, 340 automatic estimates were judged to be in close agreement with estimates made by the expert. Of the remaining 80 approximations, 54 estimates were made by the expert when the computer determined that no papillary muscle was present, 17 estimates provided poor results, and nine estimates were made by the computer when the observer concluded that no papillary muscle was present.
Mechanisms through which Sos-1 coordinates the activation of Ras and Rac (2002)

Signaling from receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs)* requires the sequential activation of the small GTPases Ras and Rac. Son of sevenless (Sos-1), a bifunctional guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), activates Ras in vivo and displays Rac-GEF activity in vitro, when engaged in a tricomplex with Eps8 and E3b1-Abi-1, a RTK substrate and an adaptor protein, respectively. A mechanistic understanding of how Sos-1 coordinates Ras and Rac activity is, however, still missing. Here, we demonstrate that (a) Sos-1, E3b1, and Eps8 assemble into a tricomplex in vivo under physiological conditions; (b) Grb2 and E3b1 bind through their SH3 domains to the same binding site on Sos-1, thus determining the formation of either a Sos-1-Grb2 (S/G) or a Sos-1-E3b1-Eps8 (S/E/E8) complex, endowed with Ras- and Rac-specific GEF activities, respectively; (c) the Sos-1-Grb2 complex is disrupted upon RTKs activation, whereas the S/E/E8 complex is not; and (d) in keeping with the previous result, the activation of Ras by growth factors is short-lived, whereas the activation of Rac is sustained. Thus, the involvement of Sos-1 at two distinct and differentially regulated steps of the signaling cascade allows for coordinated activation of Ras and Rac and different duration of their signaling within the cell.
Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Regulates Melanoma Cell Motility through a Receptor-Coupled Extracellular Action and in a Pertussis Toxin-Insensitive Manner (1997)

Our previous work showed that sphingosine 1-phosphate (Sph-1-P) inhibits the cell motility of mouse melanoma B16/F10, and other types of cells at 10-100 nM concentrations. In the present paper, we have identified and characterized specific cell surface binding sites for Sph-1-P in F10 cells. Sph-1-P immobilized on controlled pore glass beads inhibited the motility of F10 cells, suggesting that Sph-1-P acts on the cells from the outside. Binding assays with [3H]Sph-1-P revealed the presence of specific cell surface binding sites for Sph-1-P in F10 cells. Scatchard analysis demonstrated a single class of binding sites for Sph-1-P. The binding of [3H]Sph-1-P to F10 cells was inhibited by the addition of excess unlabeled Sph-1-P but not other natural sphingolipids. The specific binding was also sensitive to treatment with a protease. Using Sph-1-P-immobilized affinity chromatography, we, for the first time, identified 41-kDa and 79-kDa Sph-1-P binding proteins on the melanoma cell surface, although the 41-kDa protein was less specific to Sph-1-P. We demonstrated that pertussis toxin (PTX) treatment did not abolish the motility inhibition by Sph-1-P, suggesting that no PTX-sensitive G-protein is involved in the signaling. Furthermore, Sph-1-P was found to be specifically released from mouse BALB/3T3 clone A31 cells and F10 cells. Collectively, these results strongly suggest that Sph-1-P regulates melanoma cell motility through an extracellular action by specific binding to cell surface receptor protein(s), which is independent of PTX-sensitive G-protein.
Computerized Trading: Maximizing Day Trading and Overnight Profits (1999)

From the Publisher:
Discover the answers to all your computerized trading questions, from basic to advanced, in this ground-breaking new guide to successful day trading. Twenty top experts reveal their techniques and strategies for successful computerized trading in this practical guide.
Headphone Localization of Speech (1993)

Three-dimensional acoustic display systems have recently been developed that synthesize virtual sound sources over headphones based on filtering by head-related transfer functions (HRTFs), the direction-dependent spectral changes caused primarily by the pinnae. In this study 11 inexperienced subjects judged the apparent spatial location of headphone-presented speech stimuli filtered with non-individualized HRTFs. About half of the subjects "pulled" their judgments toward either the median or the lateral-vertical planes, and estimates were almost always elevated. Individual differences were pronounced for the distance judgments; 15% to 46% of stimuli were heard inside the head, with the shortest estimates near the median plane. The results suggest that most listeners can obtain useful azimuth information from speech stimuli filtered by nonindividualized HRTFs. Measurements of localization error and reversal rates are comparable with a previous study that used broadband noise stimuli.
Pharmaceutical VIP: Prospects and Problems (1999)

Recently, multiple receptors for vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) have been molecularly cloned and our understanding of VIP chemistry and mechanisms of action has been broadened. The following review outlines the physiological effects of the hormone from growth regulation, reproduction, bronchodilation, vasodilation and immune interactions to neurotrophism. VIP-based drug design and non-invasive innovative delivery modes are discussed with emphasis on tumor diagnosis and treatment, impotence treatment and neuroprotection.
The guaranteed maximum price contract as call option (2001)

Due to increasing constraints on project duration and costs, together with the increasing implication of contractors in the design process, guaranteed maximum price (GMP) contracts are likely to become common in the future. This paper explores a new approach for evaluating the remuneration of the contractor. The GMP contract is considered as a hybrid arrangement consisting of a cost reimbursement contract and a call option on a fixed price contract. The option pricing theory is used as a conceptual framework to assess the GMP contract and the contractors' remuneration.
Phosphoglycan Repeat-deficient Leishmania mexicana Parasites Remain Infectious to Macrophages and Mice (2001)

The human pathogen Leishmania synthesizes phosphoglycans (PGs) formed by variably modified phosphodisaccharide [6-Galbeta1-4Manalpha1-PO(4)] repeats and mannooligosaccharide phosphate [(Manalpha1-2)(0-5)Manalpha1-PO(4)] caps that occur lipid-bound on lipophosphoglycan, protein-bound on proteophosphoglycans, and as an unlinked form. PG repeat synthesis has been described as essential for survival and development of Leishmania throughout their life cycle, including for virulence to the mammalian host. In this study, this proposal was investigated in Leishmania mexicana using a spontaneous mutant that was fortuitously isolated from an infected mouse, and by generating a lmexlpg2 gene deletion mutant (Deltalmexlpg2), that lacks a Golgi GDP-Man transporter. The spontaneous mutant lacks PG repeats but synthesizes normal levels of mannooligosaccharide phosphate caps, whereas the Deltalmexlpg2 mutant is deficient in PG repeat synthesis and down-regulates cap expression. In contrast to expectations, both L. mexicana mutants not only retain their ability to bind to macrophages, but are also indistinguishable from wild type parasites with respect to colonization of and multiplication within host cells. Moreover, in mouse infection studies, the spontaneous L. mexicana repeat-deficient mutant and the Deltalmexlpg2 mutant showed no significant difference to a wild type strain with respect to the severity of disease caused by these parasites. Therefore, at least in Leishmania mexicana, PG repeat synthesis is not an absolute requirement for virulence.
Development of Sulfide Glass Electrolytes for All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries (2012)

Abstract not Available.
Hybrid peer-to-peer system for network monitoring of field devices (2003)

We developed a network monitoring system for a variety of devices ready to provide their services via a network using hybrid peer-to-peer (P2P) technology to achieve scalability and loose-coupling of networked entities. Monitors search the devices of interest on the index server and continue to monitor them by invoking their services. We evaluated the monitoring system for IPv6-enabled devices.
A 95-dB linear low-power variable gain amplifier (2006)

An all-CMOS variable gain amplifier (VGA) that adopts a new approximated exponential equation is presented. The proposed VGA is characterized by a wide range of gain variation, temperature-independence gain characteristic, low-power consumption, small chip size, and controllable dynamic gain range. The two-stage VGA is fabricated in 0.18-mum CMOS technology and shows the maximum gain variation of more than 95 dB and a 90-dB linear range with linearity error of less than plusmn 1 dB. The range of gain variation can be controlled from 68 to 95 dB. The P1dB varies from - 48 to - 17 dBm, and the 3-dB bandwidth is from 32 MHz (at maximum gain of 43 dB) to 1.05 GHz (at minimum gain of - 52 dB). The VGA dissipates less than 3.6 mA from 1.8-V supply while occupying 0.4 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> of chip area excluding bondpads