gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular characterization of the ligand-receptor interaction of the neuropeptide Y family (2000)

Neuropeptide Y (NPY), peptide YY (PYY) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) belong to the NPY hormone family and activate a class of receptors called the Y-receptors, and also belong to the large superfamily of the G-protein coupled receptors. Structure-affinity and structure-activity relationship studies of peptide analogs, combined with studies based on site-directed mutagenesis and anti-receptor antibodies, have given insight into the individual characterization of each receptor subtype relative to its interaction with the ligand, as well as to its biological function. A number of selective antagonists at the Y1-receptor are available whose structures resemble that of the C-terminus of NPY. Some of these compounds, like BIBP3226, BIBO3304 and GW1229, have recently been used for in vivo investigations of the NPY-induced increase in food intake. Y2-receptor selective agonists are the analog cyclo-(28/32)-Ac-[Lys28-Glu32]-(25-36)-pNPY and the TASP molecule containing two units of the NPY segment 21-36. Now the first antagonist with nanomolar affinity for the Y2-receptor is also known, BIIE0246. So far, the native peptide PP has been shown to be the most potent ligand at the Y4-receptor. However, by the design of PP/NPY chimera, some analogs have been found that bind not only to the Y4-, but also to the Y5-receptor with subnanomolar affinities, and are as potent as NPY at the Y1-receptor. For the characterization of the Y5-receptor in vitro and in vivo, a new class of highly selective agonists is now available. This consists of analogs of NPY and of PP/NPY chimera which all contain the motif Ala31-Aib32. This motif has been shown to induce a 3(10)-helical turn in the region 28-31 of NPY and is suggested to be the key motif for high Y5-receptor selectivity. The results of feeding experiments in rats treated with the first highly specific Y5-receptor agonists support the hypothesis that this receptor plays a role in the NPY-induced stimulation of food intake. In conclusion, the selective compounds for the different Y receptor subtypes known so far are promising tools for a better understanding of the physiological properties of the hormones of the NPY family and related receptors.
Genome-Wide and Functional Annotation of Human E3 Ubiquitin Ligases Identifies MULAN, a Mitochondrial E3 that Regulates the Organelle's Dynamics and Signaling (2008)

Specificity of protein ubiquitylation is conferred by E3 ubiquitin (Ub) ligases. We have annotated approximately 617 putative E3s and substrate-recognition subunits of E3 complexes encoded in the human genome. The limited knowledge of the function of members of the large E3 superfamily prompted us to generate genome-wide E3 cDNA and RNAi expression libraries designed for functional screening. An imaging-based screen using these libraries to identify E3s that regulate mitochondrial dynamics uncovered MULAN/FLJ12875, a RING finger protein whose ectopic expression and knockdown both interfered with mitochondrial trafficking and morphology. We found that MULAN is a mitochondrial protein - two transmembrane domains mediate its localization to the organelle's outer membrane. MULAN is oriented such that its E3-active, C-terminal RING finger is exposed to the cytosol, where it has access to other components of the Ub system. Both an intact RING finger and the correct subcellular localization were required for regulation of mitochondrial dynamics, suggesting that MULAN's downstream effectors are proteins that are either integral to, or associated with, mitochondria and that become modified with Ub. Interestingly, MULAN had previously been identified as an activator of NF-kappaB, thus providing a link between mitochondrial dynamics and mitochondria-to-nucleus signaling. These findings suggest the existence of a new, Ub-mediated mechanism responsible for integration of mitochondria into the cellular environment.
Transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of human androgen receptor expression by androgen. (1993)

Autoregulation is a control mechanism common to several proteins of the steroid/thyroid hormone receptor superfamily. In this work, the effect of androgens and antiandrogens on the expression of the human androgen receptor (hAR) in prostate and breast cancer cell lines was studied. Northern blot analysis revealed a decrease in hAR steady state RNA levels in LNCaP cells by 3.3 nM of the synthetic androgen mibolerone. Maximal down-regulation of hAR RNA to 30% of control levels occurred 48 h after hormone addition. T47D breast cancer cells showed a similar effect with mibolerone, while hAR expression in normal skin fibroblasts did not respond to androgen treatment. As shown by nuclease S1 analysis, hAR transcripts initiate at three principal start sites, all of which are equally sensitive to androgen. Steroidal as well as nonsteroidal antiandrogens were capable of partially antagonizing androgen-mediated hAR RNA down-regulation in LNCaP and T47D cells, while not exerting a significant effect when administered alone. While hAR RNA stability was increased by hormone, nuclear run-on analysis revealed a 4-fold reduction of hAR gene transcription 96 h after androgen treatment. Although decreased hAR RNA levels did not coincide with a parallel decrease in AR protein levels, analysis of androgen-inducible reporter constructs demonstrated that prolonged androgen administration to cells results in a progressively impaired sensitivity of the intracellular androgen response mechanism. These results show that prolonged androgen exposure leads, besides its effect on hAR RNA levels, to functional inactivation of the AR. Thus, in vivo, posttranslational control of AR activity appears to be a novel mechanism of negative autoregulation of androgen effects on gene expression.
Fractional Precipitation of Star Poly(ethylene oxide) (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTFractional Precipitation of Star Poly(ethylene oxide)Diane Rintzler Yen, Srivatsan Raghavan, and Edward W. MerrillView Author Information Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139Cite this: Macromolecules 1996, 29, 27, 8977–8978Publication Date (Web):December 30, 1996Publication History Received6 August 1996Revised30 October 1996Published online30 December 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma961184yhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma961184ybrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views281Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Fractionation,Molecules,Physical and chemical properties,Salts,Solution chemistry Get e-Alerts
Hybrid order picking strategies for fashion e-commerce warehouse systems (2016)

E-commerce has become an increasingly relevant business in Southeast Asia. Effective warehouse management in terms of order picking is a key competitive advantage in this industry. Fashion products are particularly difficult to efficiently manage in a warehouse as they have high demand variability, with a short shelf-life and very little replenishment. In this work, after a detailed analysis of demand and physical layout of the warehouse, we propose: (1) a new pick list generation algorithm considering aspects such as work balancing and picking time minimization, and (2) a family of picking strategies accounting for possible order configurations and warehouse layout. The main contribution of this work is in the development of hybrid order picking strategies: a combination of zone-based and order-based picking with batching. Simulation is used to assess the performance of these strategies. We have found that these hybrid strategies outperform FIFO order picking often employed in industry.
A pragmatic approach to aid visually impaired people in reading, visualizing and understanding textual contents with an automatic electronic pen (2011)

Blindness is an obstacle that is not even comprehendible for the non-blind. Many day-to-day activities may become challenging, complicated and may require much more labor for those with eye-sight problems or blindness. One of the major problems they face is understanding visual or text information which are not in the Braille form. Not every written or printed document that a blind person would like to read is available in Braille. A blind cannot read any of the handwritten documents. They feel it very difficult, while someone has to read it for them. This is the fundamental issue that we deal with, and try to solve, with a new piece of technology, which is essentially an automated text-to-audio converting pen. According to this keynote concept, any piece of text that a person would like to read/understand is converted to an audio signal. This audio signal is transmitted to the person's ears through wireless technology such as ZigBee. Since this technology is in the form of a pen, it is very convenient to use and is also portable. This instrument is radical and can definitely be a empowering force in a blind person's life, and can be helpful in relieving them of their frustration of not being able to read whatever they want, thus making their life easier.
A biomarker panel to discriminate between systemic inflammatory response syndrome and sepsis and sepsis severity (2010)

The marker panel is ready to be verified in a validation study with or without therapeutic intervention.
Chemistry of amine–boranes. Part 5. Reduction of oximes, O-acyloximes, and O-alkyl-oximes with pyridine–borane in acid (1979)

Oximes, O-acyl-oximes, and O-alkyl-oximes were reduced with pyridine–borane in the presence of acid to the corresponding hydroxylamine derivatives without over-reduction. Unstable O-acyl-hydroxylamines were directly synthesized for the first time from the corresponding O-acyl-oximes.
Mutational Analysis of β‐<i>Catenin</i> Gene in Japanese Ovarian Carcinomas: Frequent Mutations in Endometrioid Carcinomas (1999)

To investigate the contribution of the beta-catenin gene to the development of ovarian carcinomas, mutational analysis of exon 3 of the beta-catenin gene was conducted. We analyzed 61 primary ovarian carcinomas, consisting of 49 non-endometrioid-type and 12 endometrioid-type tumors, for genetic alteration of the beta-catenin gene. Five carcinomas showed beta-catenin mutations (S37C, T41I, T41A), including 4 (33%) of 12 endometrioid-type tumors and 1 (14%) of 7 mucinous-type tumors. All of these mutations altered at the serine/threonine residues that are potential sites of GSK3-beta phosphorylation. We detected no carcinomas with interstitial deletion involving exon 3 of beta-catenin. Furthermore, we immunohistochemically studied 27 of the 61 ovarian carcinomas. Both nuclear and cytoplasmic beta-catenin expressions were demonstrated in 4 of the 27 ovarian carcinomas for which tissue samples were available for examination. All 4 cases exhibited mutations in exon 3 of beta-catenin, including a mucinous carcinoma. Our results suggested that beta-catenin gene mutation at potential GSK3-beta phosphorylation sites results in accumulation of beta-catenin protein within the cells and its translocation to nuclei. Accumulated beta-catenin protein may be involved in the development of endometrioid-type ovarian carcinomas, and some mucinous-type ovarian carcinomas.
<i>In Vitro</i> Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells and <i>In Vivo</i> Bone Formation in Composite Nanofiber Meshes (2008)

Tissue engineering has become an alternative method to traditional surgical treatments for the repair of bone defects, and an appropriate scaffold supporting bone formation is a key element in this approach. In the present study, nanofibrous organic and inorganic composite scaffolds containing nano-sized demineralized bone powders (DBPs) with biodegradable poly(L-lactide) (PLA) were developed using an electrospinning process for engineering bone. To assess their biocompatibility, in vitro osteogenic differentiation of human mandible-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) cultured on PLA or PLA/DBP composite nanofiber scaffolds were examined. The mineralization of hMSCs cultured with osteogenic supplements on the PLA/DBP nanofiber scaffolds was remarkably greater than on the PLA nanofiber scaffold during the first 14 days of culture but reached the same level after 21 days. The in vivo osteoconductive effect of PLA/DBP nanofibrous scaffolds was further investigated using rats with critical-sized skull defects. Micro-computerized tomography revealed that a greater amount of newly formed bone extended across the defect area in PLA/DBP scaffolds than in the nonimplant and PLA scaffolds 12 weeks after implantation and that the defect size was almost 90% smaller. Therefore, PLA/DBP composite nanofiber scaffolds may serve as a favorable matrix for the regeneration of bone tissue.
Effects of 5‐HT uptake inhibitors, agonists and antagonists on the burying of harmless objects by mice; a putative test for anxiolytic agents (1991)

1. The effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) uptake inhibitors, agonists and antagonists have been evaluated on mouse marble-burying behaviour, a putative test for anxiolytic agents. The high levels of locomotor activity occurring on first exposure to a circular runway (runway were used as a separate test of non-specific drug effects. 2. Fluvoxamine, zimeldine, indalpine and citalopram dose-dependently inhibited burying without affecting runway activity. 5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP, with carbidopa), 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino) tetralin (8-OHDPAT), buspirione, gepirone and ipsapirone reduced burying only at doses reducing runway activity. RU 24969 increased runway activity at all effective doses. 1-(2,5-Dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOI), 1,-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl) piperazine (TFMPP) and 1-(3-chlorophenyl)-piperazine (mCPP) potently and differentially reduced burying at doses below those affecting runway activity. 3. 5-HT antagonists only reduced burying at high doses which also reduced runway activity. Burying inhibition by DOI was antagonized by ritanserin, ICI 169,369 and cyproheptadine but not by pindolol or a low (0.25 mg kg-1) dose of metergoline. Burying inhibition by mCPP was not altered by any of these agents except that it was potentiated by pindolol 5 mg kg-1. 4. Zimeldine burying inhibition was potentiated by ritanserine, ICI 169,369, ICS 205-930, cyproheptadine and pindolol. Runway activity was not affected by these drug combinations. 5. Zimeldine was administered in drinking water at a dose of 10 mg kg-1 daily for 21 days. Burying inhibition had disappeared by day 14 and did not recur 24 or 48h after withdrawal at which times responses to DOI were at control levels.6. Selective inhibition of marble burying was not found to be a property of 5-HT-related putative and actual anxiolytics such as buspirone, gepirone, ipsapirone, ritanserin and ondansetron. Nevertheless it was a general property of both 5-HT uptake inhibitors and 5-HT releasing agents; this generality suggests that elevated synaptic 5-HT could be responsible for the effects of these latter agents. The action of DOI may be attributable to effects at the 5-HT2 receptor but those of the 5-HT agonist and releasing agent mCPP, and the uptake inhibitor zimeldine, could not be attributed to effects at any one 5-HT receptor subtype. This, together with the potentiating effect of several 5-HT antagonists on the response to zimeldine, raises the possibility of multiple interactions between 5-HT receptor subtypes.
A Simple Catalytic Method for the Regioselective Halogenation of Arenes (2006)

This paper describes a mild palladium-catalyzed method for the regioselective chlorination, bromination, and iodination of arene C-H bonds using N-halosuccinimides as oxidants. These transformations have been applied to a wide array of substrates and can provide products that are complementary to those obtained via conventional electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions. [reaction: see text]
Radiofrequency catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia in patients without structural heart disease. (1992)

Radiofrequency catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia in patients without structural heart disease is effective and safe and may be considered as early therapy in these patients.
Diversification of Cyclooxygenase-2-Derived Prostaglandins in Ovulation and Implantation1 (2001)

Previous observations of ovulation and fertilization defects in cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-deficient mice suggested that COX-2-derived ovarian prostaglandins (PGs) participate in these events. However, the specific PG and its mode of action were unknown. Subsequent studies revealed that mice deficient in EP(2), a PGE(2)-receptor subtype, have reduced litter size, apparently resulting from poor ovulation but more dramatically from impaired fertilization. Using a superovulation regimen and in vitro culture system, we demonstrate herein that the ovulatory process, not follicular growth, oocyte maturation, or fertilization, is primarily affected in adult COX-2- or EP(2)-deficient mice. Furthermore, our results show that in vitro-matured and -fertilized eggs are capable of subsequent preimplantation development. However, severely compromised ovulation in adult COX-2- or EP(2)-deficient mice is not manifested in immature (3-wk-old) COX-2- or EP(2)-deficient mice, suggesting that the process of ovulation is more dependent on PGs in adult mice. Although the processes of implantation and decidualization are defective in COX-2(-/-) mice, our present results demonstrate that these events are normal in EP(2)-deficient mice, as determined by embryo transfer and experimentally induced decidualization. Collectively, previous and present results suggest that whereas COX-2-derived PGE(2) is essential for ovulation via activation of EP(2), COX-2-derived prostacyclin is involved in implantation and decidualization via activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta.
Photochemistry and Photodegradation of Polycarbonate (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotochemistry and Photodegradation of PolycarbonateSurapol Pankasem, Joseph Kuczynski, and J. Kerry ThomasCite this: Macromolecules 1994, 27, 14, 3773–3781Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00092a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00092a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views722Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Trends and Causes of Deterioration in the Shallow Groundwater Conditions in an Arid Agriculture Area through GIS-based Spatial Hydrochemical and Hydrodynamics Modeling (2012)

Abstract : Spatio-temporal dynamics and hydrochemistry of the shallow groundwater aquifers underlying the recently reclaimed lands in Tahrir, Wadi El-Natrun, and Burg Al-Arab areas, located west of the Nile Delta region of Egypt are investigated. The prime objective was to understand causes and propose proactive controls by monitoring changes occurred using the available data. Groundwater samples from 134 sites were collected in 2006-2007 period. Parameters describing temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and total dissolved solids are in-situ recorded using portable meters. Major elements of the cations (K+, Na+, Ca2+, and Mg2+) and anions (SO42−, HCO3−, Cl−, and NO3−) were carried out. Analysis of the groundwater samples was then performed to derive Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), water types, and water quality according to the SAR against EC. The in-situ measured and estimated groundwater variables were then analyzed with the ordinary kriging implemented in the geostatistical analyst of the ArcGIS9.3 package. The experimental semivariograms and the best-fitted models for all variables were built based on trial and error parameter selection. Models attained the best goodness of fit were selected for interpreting the results. Results indicated warning levels of water table, salinity, nitrates, water types, and water quality. Spatio-temporal variations and the controlling factors are characterized over the studied areas. Based on the results, measures are proposed by taking into consideration of the local specific attributes affecting the groundwater conditions for each area. The proactive and the ameliorative measures are expected to predict impacts that may rise from the region's acute water scarcity and quality deterioration in the near future.
Reaction of Copper Oxide and β-Diketone for In situ Cleaning of Metal Copper in a Copper Chemical Vapor Deposition Reactor (2000)

For in situ cleaning of inner reactor walls of copper chemical vapor deposition chambers used in the copper wiring process of LSI, etching of the deposited metallic copper is carried out by three step processes of copper oxidation, complexation with β-diketone, and vaporization to allow evacuator. In this paper, reactions suitable for the latter two processes are described. Reactions of copper oxide with three kinds of β-diketone, hexafluoroacetylacetone (Hhfac), acetylacetone and dipivaloylmethane, were studied using thermogravimetry in the range from room temperature to 400°C. Only Hhfac reacted with copper oxide showing etching in the temperature range above 170°C. At 350°C the weight ratio etching rate was 0.29 wt%/min at atmospheric pressure and 0.06 wt%/min at 665 Pa. The evaporation rate of the reaction product, Cu(hfac) 2 , was 5.3 wt%/min at 150°C, which is sufficiently higher than the etching rate of copper oxide. Reactions are as follows: 2CuO→Cu 2 O+1/2O 2 , Cu 2 O+Hhfac→Cu(hfac)+CuOH, 2Cu(hfac)→Cu(hfac) 2 +Cu, and Cu+CuO→Cu 2 O.