Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 8.80 15.04 I'd<space>like<space>to<space>introduce<space>Ann<space>Smith,<space>who<space>is<space>the<space>Executive<space>Director<space>of<space>the<space>Friends<space>of<space>the<space>Winooski,<space>which<space>is<space>a<space>nonprofit<space>group,<space>which<space>is<space>focused<space>on<space>education,<space>conservation<space>and,<space>and<space>all<space>things<space>targeted<space>towards<space>the<space>Winooski<space>river<space>basin.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 23.92 14.56 And<space>she<space>is<space>going<space>to<space>be<space>speaking<space>about<space>her<space>brand<space>new<space>publication,<space>"Living<space>in<space>Harmony<space>with<space>Streams",<space>which<space>is<space>a<space>collaboration<space>between<space>her<space>and<space>other<space>folks<space>throughout<space>the<space>State<space>and<space>particularly,<space>the<space>State<space>of<space>Vermont.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 38.80 2.56 So<space>let's<space>give<space>her<space>your<space>full<space>attention.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 41.36 0.56 Thank<space>you.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 42.00 1.20 Thanks<space>Rebecca.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 47.04 2.72 Well,<space>I<space>appreciate<space>everybody<space>coming<space>out<space>tonight.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 49.84 2.64 I've<space>been<space>going<space>around<space>giving<space>this<space>talk.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 52.80 4.40 This<space>may<space>be<space>my<space>eighth<space>or<space>ninth<space>one,<space>that<space>I've<space>given.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 57.28 16.96 And<space>a<space>lot<space>of<space>them,<space>I<space>very<space>intentionally<space>targeted<space>going<space>to<space>civic<space>organizations<space>like<space>particularly<space>a<space>lot<space>of<space>rotary<space>clubs<space>because<space>they<space>have<space>established<space>meetings<space>and<space>they're<space>looking<space>for<space>speakers<space>and<space>it's<space>really<space>easy<space>for<space>me<space>to<space>get<space>there.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 74.64 11.04 The<space>downside,<space>the<space>other<space>thing<space>with<space>going<space>to<space>like<space>the<space>civic<space>clubs<space>is<space>all<space>of<space>you<space>self-selected<space>to<space>come<space>out<space>on<space>a<space>chilly<space>December<space>evening<space>to<space>hear<space>a<space>talk<space>about<space>rivers.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 85.68 6.00 By<space>going<space>to<space>the<space>civic<space>clubs,<space>I'm<space>talking<space>to<space>folks<space>who<space>probably<space>wouldn't<space>do<space>that.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 92.08 7.76 The<space>downside<space>is,<space>I<space>usually<space>have<space>no<space>more<space>than<space>a<space>half<space>an<space>hour<space>and<space>sometimes<space>less<space>than<space>that.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 99.84 2.72 So<space>I've<space>gotten<space>very<space>efficient<space>at<space>giving<space>this<space>talk.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 102.56 7.12 And,<space>when<space>Rebecca<space>said<space>it<space>was<space>going<space>to<space>be<space>scheduled<space>from<space>six<space>to<space>7:30,<space>I'm<space>like,<space>I<space>don't<space>know<space>what<space>I'm<space>going<space>to<space>talk<space>about<space>for<space>an<space>hour.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 110.40 2.96 So<space>I<space>think<space>we<space>can<space>take<space>this<space>at<space>a<space>leisurely<space>pace.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 113.36 6.00 And<space>I<space>also<space>think<space>I<space>went<space>and<space>put<space>a<space>few<space>slides<space>back<space>in<space>today<space>knowing<space>I<space>had<space>the<space>luxury<space>of<space>time.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 119.84 2.96 But<space>I<space>think<space>I<space>can<space>take<space>questions<space>as<space>we<space>go.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 123.20 9.12 And<space>the<space>other<space>opportunity<space>that<space>I<space>have<space>is<space>to<space>tell<space>you<space>a<space>little<space>bit<space>more<space>about<space>what<space>the<space>Friends<space>does,<space>which<space>I<space>usually<space>sort<space>of<space>skip<space>and<space>jump<space>into<space>the<space>meat<space>of<space>things.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 132.88 5.44 So<space>the<space>Friends<space>are<space>dedicated<space>to<space>the<space>restoration<space>and<space>the<space>protection<space>of<space>the<space>Winooski<space>river<space>watershed.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 138.56 6.88 One<space>question<space>I<space>always<space>like<space>to<space>ask<space>is,<space>does<space>anybody<space>know<space>where<space>the<space>Winooski<space>river<space>starts?
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 146.64 1.20 In<space>Cabot.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 148.32 6.88 The<space>headwaters<space>go<space>like<space>north,<space>north<space>of,<space>loop<space>around,<space>north<space>of<space>Montpelier,<space>into<space>a<space>very<space>rural<space>area?
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 155.20 1.84 I<space>don't<space>know<space>exactly.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 157.44 1.84 Yeah,<space>it<space>is<space>in<space>Cabot.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 159.28 2.88 Does<space>anybody<space>know<space>the<space>body<space>of<space>water<space>that<space>it<space>comes<space>out<space>of?
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 162.16 5.04 Oh<space>no.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 167.36 1.28 I<space>was<space>just<space>going<space>to<space>say<space>it<space>starts<space>on<space>the<space>other<space>side.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 168.64 10.00 It<space>starts<space>at<space>Coits<space>pond,<space>which<space>is<space>a<space>beautiful<space>little<space>spot<space>and-<space>-<space>-<space>Coits<space>pond,<space>which<space>is<space>one<space>of<space>those,<space>"I<space>can<space>get<space>there,<space>but<space>I<space>can't<space>tell<space>you<space>how<space>you<space>do<space>it".
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 178.80 6.88 You<space>go<space>to<space>Kevin<space>village<space>and<space>then<space>you<space>sort<space>of<space>go<space>off<space>'that'<space>direction,<space>but<space>it's<space>a<space>beautiful<space>little<space>spot.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 185.68 5.04 And<space>when<space>it<space>leaves<space>Coits<space>pond,<space>it's,<space>you<space>know,<space>it's<space>about<space>this,<space>this<space>wide.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 190.80 11.12 And<space>I<space>think<space>mostly<space>everybody<space>knows<space>where<space>it<space>enters<space>the<space>lake<space>Champlain,<space>which<space>is<space>under<space>the<space>Bike<space>bridge,<space>separating<space>Burlington<space>and<space>Colchester.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 202.96 12.40 So<space>the<space>Friends,<space>we<space>really<space>have<space>work<space>in<space>three<space>different<space>areas,<space>education<space>and<space>outreach,<space>restoration<space>and<space>protection<space>and<space>monitoring<space>and<space>assessment.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 215.36 2.48 And<space>I'm<space>sorry,<space>I<space>didn't<space>catch<space>your<space>name,<space>who's<space>going<space>to<space>help<space>me<space>with.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 217.84 0.40 Josh.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 218.32 4.56 Josh<space>is<space>going<space>to<space>help<space>me<space>move<space>this<space>forward,<space>so<space>I'm<space>not<space>walking<space>back<space>and<space>forth.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 223.44 8.72 One<space>of<space>the<space>things<space>that<space>we<space>like<space>to<space>do<space>is<space>similar<space>to<space>the<space>project<space>that<space>Rebecca<space>talked<space>about<space>among<space>the<space>4-Towns<space>is<space>we<space>really<space>work<space>in<space>collaboration.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 232.24 1.04 We're<space>a<space>small<space>group.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 233.28 2.24 I<space>work<space>out<space>of<space>my<space>house<space>in<space>Waterbury.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 235.68 3.60 I'm<space>part<space>time,<space>and<space>we<space>have<space>a<space>part-time<space>Project<space>Director.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 239.28 3.52 And<space>then<space>we<space>hire<space>people<space>as<space>we<space>need<space>to.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 243.60 3.04 And<space>we<space>don't<space>cover<space>the<space>entire<space>watershed.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 246.72 4.00 It<space>is<space>our<space>goal<space>to<space>be<space>a<space>friend<space>to<space>the<space>entire<space>Winooski<space>watershed.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 250.80 4.56 We've<space>been<space>most<space>active<space>in<space>the<space>portion<space>of<space>the<space>watershed.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 255.36 15.76 I<space>always<space>say,<space>if<space>you<space>put<space>your<space>thumb<space>on<space>Montpelier<space>and<space>sort<space>of<space>drew<space>more<space>than<space>a<space>half<space>circle,<space>but<space>the<space>North<space>Branch,<space>the<space>Kingsbury,<space>the<space>upper<space>Winooski,<space>the<space>Stevens<space>and<space>the<space>Dog<space>river,<space>and<space>we've<space>had<space>a<space>couple<space>of<space>big<space>projects<space>in<space>Essex<space>and<space>Williston.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 271.20 6.24 To<space>be<space>honest,<space>standing<space>here<space>in<space>Richmond<space>tonight,<space>it's<space>not<space>one<space>of<space>the<space>areas<space>that<space>we've<space>been<space>most<space>active<space>in.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 277.92 3.36 We<space>did<space>do<space>an<space>Outfall<space>Monitoring<space>Project<space>here<space>in<space>Richmond.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 281.52 12.56 I<space>think<space>it<space>goes<space>back<space>three<space>or<space>four<space>years<space>now,<space>where<space>we<space>were<space>working<space>with<space>the<space>town<space>to<space>find<space>any<space>pollutant<space>discharges<space>that<space>were<space>going<space>through<space>the<space>stormwater<space>system,<space>that<space>should<space>not<space>have<space>been<space>there.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 294.08 11.20 But<space>we<space>do<space>always<space>try<space>to<space>work<space>in<space>partnership<space>at<space>a<space>smaller<space>scale<space>because<space>people<space>relate<space>to<space>the<space>Dog<space>river,<space>the<space>North<space>Branch,<space>they<space>don't<space>necessarily<space>relate<space>to<space>the<space>Winooski<space>as<space>a<space>whole.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 305.76 2.72 Josh,<space>could<space>you<space>go<space>ahead<space>and.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 309.36 3.60 Education,<space>we<space>do<space>a<space>variety<space>of<space>things<space>from<space>talks<space>like<space>this.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 313.04 1.76 We<space>work<space>with<space>schools.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 315.44 8.64 We've<space>been<space>doing<space>a<space>lot<space>with<space>stormwater,<space>actually<space>going<space>out<space>and<space>meeting<space>with<space>landowners<space>and<space>talking<space>about<space>issues<space>there.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 324.56 2.00 We<space>do<space>on<space>water<space>programs.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 326.80 9.04 Marie<space>who's<space>here,<space>her<space>and<space>her<space>crew<space>have<space>made<space>us<space>breakfast<space>when<space>we've<space>come<space>through<space>Richmond<space>on<space>our<space>paddling<space>trip.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 336.40 5.12 So<space>we<space>do<space>a<space>lot<space>of,<space>a<space>lot<space>of<space>different<space>types<space>of<space>projects.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 342.00 4.48 In<space>the<space>monitoring<space>and<space>assessment<space>area,<space>we<space>do<space>water<space>quality<space>monitoring.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 346.56 7.44 We<space>actually<space>have<space>three<space>programs<space>active,<space>one<space>in<space>the<space>Headwaters,<space>one<space>that<space>we<space>call<space>the<space>Four<space>rivers,<space>which<space>is<space>really<space>Barre<space>Montpelier.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 354.00 8.24 And<space>then<space>we<space>work<space>with<space>the<space>Chittenden<space>County<space>stream<space>team<space>on<space>some<space>of<space>the<space>small<space>urban<space>streams<space>in<space>the<space>Burlington,<space>south<space>Burlington,<space>Williston,<space>Essex<space>area.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 362.56 3.44 We've<space>done<space>stormwater<space>outfall<space>monitoring.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 366.24 4.08 As<space>I<space>mentioned,<space>that's<space>the<space>major<space>project<space>we've<space>done<space>here<space>in<space>Richmond.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 370.32 8.00 And<space>basically<space>the<space>way<space>that<space>works<space>is,<space>we<space>go<space>out<space>and<space>we<space>look<space>at<space>stormwater<space>outfalls<space>during<space>dry<space>weather.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 378.32 6.72 Because<space>any<space>discharge<space>that's<space>coming<space>out<space>of<space>a<space>stormwater<space>outfall<space>in<space>dry<space>weather<space>is<space>automatically<space>suspect.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 385.04 2.08 It<space>doesn't<space>necessarily<space>end<space>up<space>being<space>a<space>problem.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 387.12 1.20 In<space>fact,<space>most<space>of<space>them<space>don't.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 388.40 3.20 A<space>lot<space>of<space>it's<space>groundwater<space>infiltration.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 391.76 4.32 But<space>we<space>did<space>do<space>that<space>project<space>here<space>in<space>Richmond.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 396.24 8.24 And<space>we've<space>done,<space>over<space>the<space>years,<space>a<space>lot<space>of<space>geomorphic<space>assessments,<space>which<space>is<space>a<space>study<space>of<space>the<space>physical<space>conditions<space>and<space>processes<space>of<space>the<space>river.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 404.48 6.08 And<space>that's<space>really<space>the<space>focus<space>of<space>the<space>presentation<space>tonight,<space>is<space>to<space>talk<space>about<space>those<space>physical<space>processes.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 411.36 8.72 Restoration<space>and<space>protection,<space>we<space>do<space>a<space>lot<space>of<space>riparian<space>restoration<space>work,<space>tree<space>planting.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 420.48 7.76 We've<space>done<space>some<space>fish<space>passage<space>improvements<space>on<space>culverts<space>and<space>bridges,<space>stormwater<space>related<space>projects.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 428.24 5.28 We've<space>done<space>a<space>couple<space>of,<space>you<space>know,<space>we've<space>done<space>smaller<space>projects<space>like<space>rain<space>barrels<space>and<space>rain<space>gardens.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 433.52 2.96 We've<space>done<space>a<space>couple<space>of<space>larger<space>bioretention<space>areas.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 437.20 8.32 The<space>biggest<space>one<space>closest<space>to<space>here<space>is,<space>we<space>did<space>a<space>bioretention<space>area<space>in<space>front<space>of<space>the<space>Essex<space>Elementary<space>school,<space>that<space>was<space>installed<space>earlier<space>this<space>year.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 445.68 3.04 And<space>we<space>do<space>river<space>cleanups.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 449.52 12.48 So<space>getting<space>to<space>really<space>the,<space>and<space>I<space>have<space>a<space>publication<space>here,<space>I'm<space>just<space>going<space>to<space>hang<space>on<space>to,<space>and<space>I've<space>got<space>some<space>other<space>things<space>over<space>there<space>that<space>people<space>can<space>pick<space>up<space>after<space>the<space>presentation.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 462.24 9.12 And<space>the<space>one<space>thing<space>I<space>do<space>want<space>to<space>say<space>to<space>this<space>group<space>here,<space>is,<space>you<space>know,<space>like<space>I<space>said,<space>we<space>haven't<space>been<space>active<space>in<space>this<space>part<space>of<space>the<space>watershed.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 471.44 4.00 However,<space>we<space>always<space>want<space>to<space>work<space>in<space>partnership.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 475.52 22.32 So<space>if<space>there's<space>a<space>project<space>that<space>you<space>know,<space>any<space>of<space>you,<space>and<space>I<space>don't<space>know<space>what<space>organizations<space>you<space>might<space>represent,<space>or<space>if<space>you<space>thought<space>giving<space>this<space>talk<space>somewhere<space>else<space>would<space>be<space>good,<space>you<space>know,<space>get<space>in<space>contact<space>with<space>me<space>because,<space>you<space>know,<space>where<space>we<space>have<space>a<space>partner<space>and<space>can<space>work<space>with<space>somebody,<space>that's<space>a<space>big<space>boost<space>to<space>us.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 498.00 4.08 In<space>fact,<space>one<space>of<space>the<space>places<space>we're<space>really<space>most<space>active<space>now<space>is<space>in<space>Northfield.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 502.08 7.44 And<space>it's<space>because<space>everybody<space>from<space>the<space>Select<space>Board<space>to<space>the<space>Conservation<space>Commission<space>to<space>Public<space>works,<space>you<space>know,<space>we've<space>just<space>found<space>this<space>really<space>fertile<space>working<space>relationship<space>there.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 509.52 4.08 So<space>we<space>sort<space>of<space>find<space>project<space>after<space>project,<space>to<space>work<space>on<space>in<space>Northfield.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 513.92 9.36 So<space>anyway,<space>getting<space>to<space>"Living<space>in<space>Harmony<space>with<space>Streams",<space>we<space>really<space>ask<space>a<space>lot<space>of<space>our<space>rivers,<space>you<space>know.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 523.36 8.48 From<space>a<space>recreational<space>and<space>aesthetic<space>standpoint,<space>we<space>want<space>to<space>paddle<space>fish,<space>you<space>know,<space>just<space>relax<space>along<space>there.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 531.92 3.36 We<space>want<space>them<space>to<space>provide<space>habitat.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 535.60 3.28 But<space>we<space>also<space>ask<space>them<space>to<space>work<space>for<space>us.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 539.20 7.36 You<space>know,<space>if<space>you<space>think<space>about,<space>where<space>is<space>the<space>flat<space>land<space>in<space>Vermont,<space>it's<space>all<space>in<space>the<space>river<space>valleys.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 546.72 9.52 So<space>that's<space>really<space>where<space>we've<space>put<space>a<space>lot<space>of<space>our<space>communities,<space>our<space>industry,<space>our<space>agriculture.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 556.48 7.20 So<space>some<space>of<space>these<space>photos<space>here,<space>you<space>may<space>be<space>familiar<space>with,<space>I<space>think<space>this<space>is<space>somewhere<space>in<space>the<space>Lamoille<space>River.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 564.16 14.88 I<space>like<space>this<space>picture<space>because,<space>first<space>of<space>all,<space>if<space>you're<space>familiar<space>with<space>it,<space>you<space>know,<space>it's<space>basically<space>taken<space>from<space>my<space>89<space>and<space>it's<space>looking<space>back<space>at<space>the<space>railroad<space>and<space>then<space>of<space>course,<space>the<space>Hydro<space>dam,<space>and<space>then<space>that's<space>Montpelier<space>over<space>there,<space>on<space>the<space>far<space>side.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 579.76 5.52 So<space>let's<space>talk<space>a<space>little<space>bit<space>about<space>how<space>streams<space>work.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 586.16 4.16 Streams<space>are<space>a<space>product<space>of<space>the<space>land,<space>of<space>their<space>watershed.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 590.40 8.32 And<space>this<space>diagram<space>is<space>really<space>very<space>very<space>typical<space>of<space>a<space>Vermont<space>stream<space>or<space>watershed.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 598.80 14.24 It<space>starts<space>up<space>in<space>the<space>steep<space>areas<space>that<space>are<space>most<space>often<space>still<space>heavily<space>wooded<space>and<space>they<space>come<space>down,<space>and<space>you<space>can<space>see<space>it's<space>coming<space>down<space>very<space>straight.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 613.20 8.40 And<space>then<space>when<space>it<space>gets<space>down<space>to<space>the<space>river<space>valleys,<space>the<space>broader<space>valleys,<space>it's<space>going<space>to<space>start<space>to<space>spread<space>out<space>a<space>meander.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 621.60 5.28 So<space>some<space>of<space>the<space>things<space>that<space>define<space>a<space>stream<space>is<space>the<space>valley<space>slope<space>and<space>width.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 626.88 7.60 If<space>you've<space>got<space>steep,<space>bedrock,<space>narrow,<space>confined<space>valleys,<space>you're<space>going<space>to<space>have<space>a<space>different<space>stream<space>than<space>one<space>down<space>in<space>the<space>Intervale.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 634.48 1.76 You<space>know,<space>what<space>kind<space>of<space>soils<space>do<space>you<space>have?
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 636.32 1.20 Are<space>they<space>permeable?
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 637.52 4.56 Are<space>they<space>very<space>erodible,<space>so<space>forth?
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 642.40 5.60 And<space>then<space>two<space>things<space>that<space>we've<space>really<space>greatly<space>impacted<space>are<space>our<space>land<space>use<space>and<space>vegetation.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 648.88 6.72 You<space>know,<space>deep<space>or<space>woody,<space>deep<space>rooted<space>vegetation<space>holds<space>and<space>absorbs<space>water.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 655.60 3.92 And<space>we're<space>going<space>to<space>talk<space>more<space>about<space>that<space>later,<space>and<space>that<space>reduces<space>erosion.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 660.48 13.84 Land<space>use<space>again,<space>where<space>we<space>have<space>put<space>in<space>our<space>towns<space>or<space>villages,<space>where<space>we've<space>cleared<space>land<space>for<space>agriculture,<space>we've<space>changed<space>the<space>way<space>water<space>runs<space>off<space>the<space>land.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 675.04 4.00 And<space>this<space>is<space>a<space>really<space>instructive<space>slide,<space>I<space>think.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 679.04 4.00 And<space>I<space>usually<space>focus<space>on<space>the<space>lower<space>one,<space>the<space>White<space>River.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 683.12 4.16 And<space>you<space>can<space>see,<space>this<space>was<space>the<space>river<space>in<space>1924.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 687.28 2.16 It<space>was<space>pretty<space>straight.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 689.68 4.24 And<space>then<space>the<space>next<space>version<space>of<space>it<space>is<space>in<space>1939.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 694.00 3.20 And<space>you<space>can<space>see<space>the<space>river<space>looks<space>dramatically<space>different.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 697.68 1.76 I<space>think<space>most<space>people<space>know<space>what<space>happened.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 699.60 5.76 The<space>big<space>event<space>that<space>happened<space>between<space>24<space>and<space>39,<space>was<space>the<space>flood<space>of<space>1927.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 705.60 9.52 And<space>then<space>looking<space>forward<space>from<space>1939,<space>you<space>can<space>see<space>the<space>river<space>is<space>moving<space>and<space>changing,<space>but<space>it's<space>sort<space>of<space>staying<space>in<space>the<space>same<space>pattern.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 715.52 3.76 So<space>1924<space>really<space>stands<space>out<space>as<space>being<space>very<space>different.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 719.44 2.48 And<space>that<space>was<space>because<space>the<space>river<space>was<space>straightened.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 722.16 1.28 The<space>river<space>was<space>put<space>there.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 723.52 2.56 They<space>said,<space>"let's<space>put<space>it<space>over<space>to<space>the<space>side".
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 726.08 16.00 And<space>then<space>when<space>you<space>get<space>a<space>really<space>big<space>event,<space>like<space>the<space>flood<space>of<space>27<space>or<space>Irene,<space>or<space>some<space>of<space>the<space>more<space>localized<space>floods<space>that<space>we've<space>had<space>over<space>the<space>years,<space>the<space>river<space>is<space>going<space>to<space>go<space>back<space>to<space>what<space>it<space>naturally<space>wants<space>to<space>do.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 742.16 2.88 And<space>it<space>naturally<space>wants<space>to<space>meander.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 745.12 16.16 And<space>in<space>a<space>un-impacted<space>state,<space>meaning,<space>you<space>know,<space>that<space>we're<space>not<space>clearing<space>land<space>or<space>building<space>around<space>it,<space>the<space>stream<space>is<space>moving,<space>but<space>it's<space>gonna<space>move<space>generally<space>in<space>a<space>slow<space>and<space>a<space>pretty<space>predictable<space>manner.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 761.36 7.20 And<space>the<space>term<space>that<space>river<space>sciences<space>use<space>is<space>they<space>refer<space>to<space>the<space>river<space>as<space>being<space>in<space>dynamic<space>equilibrium.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 769.84 7.36 Let's<space>go<space>ahead<space>to<space>the<space>next<space>slide.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 778.24 9.44 Was<space>there<space>a<space>lot<space>of<space>dredge<space>in<space>there,<space>the<space>point<space>of<space>partnership<space>is<space>trying<space>to<space>help<space>it<space>recover,<space>people<space>putting<space>in<space>berms<space>and<space>people<space>dredging<space>out<space>gravel<space>and<space>people.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 788.00 2.72 Are<space>you<space>talking<space>about<space>post<space>Irene<space>or<space>just<space>in<space>general?
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 790.72 1.84 No,<space>I'm<space>talking<space>about<space>the<space>last<space>40<space>years<space>or<space>so?
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 793.52 1.36 That's<space>a<space>good<space>question,<space>Marie.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 794.88 4.64 I<space>honestly<space>don't<space>know<space>the<space>history<space>of<space>the<space>White<space>versus<space>other<space>rivers.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 800.96 4.24 We've<space>manipulated<space>really<space>a<space>lot<space>of<space>our<space>rivers.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 805.44 13.76 You<space>know,<space>I've<space>found<space>as<space>I<space>walk<space>around,<space>I<space>visited<space>a<space>landowner<space>up<space>in<space>Cabot,<space>talking<space>to<space>him<space>about<space>doing<space>riparian<space>restoration<space>in<space>the<space>river<space>behind<space>his<space>house,<space>and<space>the<space>adjacent<space>properties,<space>is<space>really<space>what<space>we<space>call<space>unstable.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 819.20 8.72 I<space>mean,<space>you<space>can<space>just<space>see<space>it<space>moving<space>around<space>and<space>what<space>I<space>speculate,<space>just<space>sort<space>of<space>looking<space>at<space>it<space>there<space>and<space>looking<space>at<space>it<space>upstream<space>is<space>it<space>got<space>pushed<space>over,<space>you<space>know.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 827.92 3.04 They<space>wanted<space>to<space>put<space>houses<space>in<space>the<space>village,<space>so<space>they<space>pushed<space>it<space>over.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 830.96 4.64 So,<space>the<space>White<space>more<space>than<space>others,<space>I<space>don't<space>know,<space>could<space>be.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 835.92 3.92 That's<space>an<space>interesting<space>question,<space>I<space>may<space>try<space>to<space>follow<space>up<space>on<space>that.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 840.24 5.60 But<space>the<space>image<space>I<space>had<space>there<space>is<space>really<space>true<space>of<space>any<space>river<space>system.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 850.00 4.88 So<space>here's<space>another<space>way<space>to<space>look<space>at<space>rivers.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 855.28 8.72 In<space>this<space>cross<space>section,<space>look,<space>you<space>know,<space>the<space>low<space>flow<space>channel,<space>that's<space>where,<space>so<space>you'd<space>see<space>your<space>typical<space>sort<space>of<space>July,<space>August<space>flows.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 864.08 3.68 Of<space>course<space>our<space>summers<space>have<space>become<space>anything<space>but<space>predictable.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 867.76 7.28 So<space>I'll<space>just<space>say<space>July<space>and<space>August,<space>but<space>during<space>the<space>drier<space>period<space>of<space>the<space>year,<space>there's<space>a<space>very<space>distinct<space>low<space>flow<space>channel.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 875.04 8.88 And<space>then<space>there's,<space>what's<space>called<space>bank-full,<space>which<space>is<space>a<space>really<space>important<space>term,<space>within<space>the<space>river<space>science.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 884.00 3.12 And<space>this<space>is<space>what's<space>called<space>the<space>channel<space>forming<space>flow.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 887.20 7.84 And<space>that's<space>the<space>flow<space>that<space>occurs<space>with<space>enough<space>frequency<space>that<space>when<space>you<space>look<space>a<space>river<space>and<space>you<space>think<space>about,<space>well,<space>there's<space>the<space>bed<space>and<space>the<space>banks,<space>that's<space>the<space>flow.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 895.12 4.88 And<space>it's<space>typically<space>considered<space>to<space>be<space>about<space>a<space>two<space>year<space>event.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 900.32 14.56 And<space>then<space>we<space>get<space>into<space>the<space>flood<space>prone<space>with,<space>and<space>of<space>course,<space>what<space>people<space>associate<space>with<space>floods<space>and<space>FEMA<space>and<space>flood<space>insurance,<space>the<space>flood<space>plain,<space>which<space>is<space>the<space>hundred<space>year<space>flood<space>plain.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 914.88 4.24 So<space>let's<space>go<space>ahead.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 919.20 6.80 So<space>this<space>may<space>seem<space>like<space>a<space>silly<space>question,<space>but<space>let's<space>talk<space>about<space>how<space>water<space>gets<space>to<space>a<space>stream.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 926.16 3.04 And<space>there's<space>really<space>two<space>main<space>pathways.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 929.36 4.56 And<space>one<space>is,<space>you<space>know,<space>it<space>rains<space>or<space>the<space>snow<space>melts.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 934.00 27.12 And<space>typically<space>one<space>of<space>two<space>things,<space>well,<space>some<space>of<space>it<space>gets<space>used<space>up<space>by<space>vegetation,<space>but<space>as<space>far<space>as<space>reaching<space>the<space>stream,<space>it<space>either<space>runs<space>off<space>over<space>the<space>surface,<space>or<space>it<space>sinks<space>in,<space>to<space>the<space>ground<space>and<space>it<space>gets<space>there<space>slowly<space>via<space>base<space>flow,<space>via<space>groundwater<space>and<space>the<space>advantages<space>of,<space>and<space>we're<space>going<space>to<space>come<space>visit<space>this<space>a<space>little<space>bit<space>later.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 961.12 4.72 The<space>advantage<space>of<space>the<space>water<space>sinking<space>into<space>the<space>ground<space>is<space>several<space>fold.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 965.84 6.80 One,<space>it<space>decreases<space>localized<space>flooding<space>because<space>it<space>goes<space>into<space>the<space>ground<space>and<space>it's<space>also<space>purified<space>that<space>way.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 973.20 14.24 Water<space>that<space>runs<space>over<space>the<space>ground,<space>particularly<space>if<space>it's<space>agricultural<space>or<space>urban<space>or<space>lawn,<space>it's<space>going<space>to<space>pick<space>up<space>a<space>lot<space>of<space>pollutants<space>and<space>a<space>lot<space>of<space>sediments<space>on<space>its<space>way<space>to<space>the<space>streams.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 990.64 6.64 So<space>let's<space>talk<space>a<space>little<space>bit<space>more<space>about<space>how<space>we've<space>impacted<space>our<space>streams.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 997.60 8.40 And<space>since<space>we<space>were<space>talking<space>about<space>the<space>White,<space>the<space>Tweed<space>is<space>a<space>tributary<space>of<space>the<space>White,<space>and<space>that's<space>the<space>topographical<space>map<space>that<space>you<space>see.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1006.16 5.68 I'm<space>just<space>going<space>to<space>reach<space>over<space>here<space>a<space>little<space>bit,<space>but<space>I<space>think<space>most<space>people<space>here<space>probably<space>know<space>how<space>to<space>read<space>topographical<space>maps.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1011.92 5.12 So<space>what<space>you<space>know<space>is,<space>this<space>lighter<space>shaded<space>area<space>is<space>the<space>flatter<space>area<space>of<space>the<space>valley.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1017.12 11.76 And<space>going<space>back<space>thinking<space>about<space>how<space>the<space>river<space>wants<space>to<space>meander,<space>this<space>is<space>the<space>area<space>that<space>it<space>had<space>to<space>meander<space>in<space>before<space>we<space>began<space>to<space>manipulate<space>it.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1028.96 8.00 And<space>now<space>what<space>you<space>see<space>we've<space>done<space>there,<space>and<space>this<space>is<space>pretty<space>typical<space>and<space>you<space>see<space>it<space>on<space>89<space>between<space>Burlington<space>and<space>Montpelier.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1037.68 2.80 We've<space>put<space>roads<space>in,<space>we've<space>put<space>railroads<space>in.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1040.56 7.20 And<space>basically<space>the<space>river<space>has<space>been<space>moved<space>over<space>to<space>one<space>side<space>of<space>it's<space>valley<space>and<space>we're<space>containing<space>it<space>there.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1047.92 7.28 And<space>that's<space>something<space>that<space>I<space>really<space>like<space>to<space>point<space>to<space>is,<space>this<space>isn't<space>just<space>about<space>the<space>ecology<space>of<space>the<space>stream.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1055.28 9.44 This<space>is<space>also<space>about<space>economics<space>and<space>how<space>much<space>money<space>we're<space>going<space>to<space>continue<space>to<space>spend,<space>to<space>try<space>to<space>lock<space>our<space>rivers<space>in<space>place.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1064.80 3.04 And<space>now<space>we've<space>certainly<space>committed<space>ourselves<space>in<space>some<space>ways.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1067.92 4.96 I'm<space>not<space>naive<space>enough<space>to<space>think,<space>we're<space>going<space>to<space>take<space>all<space>our<space>infrastructure,<space>all<space>our<space>towns<space>out<space>of<space>our<space>valleys.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1073.04 8.24 But<space>where<space>we<space>have<space>opportunities<space>going<space>forward,<space>we<space>need<space>to<space>think<space>about<space>the<space>economics<space>of<space>doing<space>this.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1081.60 3.92 Because<space>this<space>is<space>where<space>we<space>really<space>get<space>ourselves<space>in<space>conflict.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1085.60 10.56 And,<space>in<space>big<space>events<space>like<space>Irene,<space>the<space>flood<space>of<space>27<space>and<space>the<space>smaller<space>localized<space>events,<space>some<space>of<space>which<space>occurred<space>this<space>year,<space>you<space>know,<space>that's<space>where<space>our<space>damage<space>occurs.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1096.24 4.24 So<space>you<space>can<space>also<space>look<space>here<space>and,<space>this<space>I<space>believe<space>is<space>in<space>the<space>Lamoille.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1100.96 3.76 You<space>can<space>really<space>see<space>how<space>that<space>river<space>is<space>confined<space>in<space>there.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1104.80 15.92 We<space>have<space>the<space>roads,<space>we<space>have<space>a<space>railroad<space>going<space>over,<space>and<space>if<space>we<space>want<space>to<space>maintain<space>these<space>roads<space>where<space>they<space>are,<space>you<space>can<space>bet<space>they're<space>going<space>to<space>be<space>armoring<space>and<space>fixing<space>that<space>bank<space>for<space>a<space>long,<space>long<space>time<space>to<space>come.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1121.28 10.56 And<space>these<space>are<space>just<space>some<space>closer<space>pictures<space>there,<space>of<space>where<space>we've<space>armored<space>banks,<space>we've<space>dredged,<space>and<space>we've<space>really<space>managed<space>the<space>rivers.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1132.56 6.48 Another<space>really<space>chronic<space>problem<space>that<space>we<space>have<space>is<space>we<space>have<space>undersized<space>our<space>stream<space>crossings.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1139.44 6.80 So<space>if<space>you<space>look<space>at<space>the<space>photo<space>here,<space>you<space>can<space>really<space>visualize<space>how<space>wide<space>that<space>stream<space>is.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1146.32 6.80 And<space>at<space>this<space>low<space>flow<space>condition,<space>it<space>can<space>narrow<space>itself<space>down<space>and<space>make<space>it<space>into<space>that<space>pipe.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1153.36 11.76 But<space>this<space>is<space>again,<space>what<space>causes<space>us<space>so<space>many<space>problems<space>in<space>big<space>events<space>is,<space>when<space>the<space>amount<space>of<space>water<space>can't<space>make<space>it<space>into<space>that<space>pipe,<space>what's<space>it<space>going<space>to<space>do?
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1165.44 4.24 It's<space>going<space>to<space>take<space>out<space>the<space>road,<space>it's<space>going<space>to<space>take<space>out<space>the<space>culvert.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1170.08 5.28 And<space>a<space>lot<space>of<space>our,<space>they<space>may<space>be<space>set<space>this<space>way,<space>or<space>they<space>may<space>become<space>this<space>way.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1175.44 5.76 These<space>also<space>present<space>significant<space>problems<space>from<space>an<space>aquatic<space>organism,<space>a<space>fish-passage<space>standpoint.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1181.60 9.92 If<space>you<space>look<space>at<space>the<space>one<space>on<space>the<space>lower,<space>your<space>right,<space>I<space>mean,<space>if<space>you<space>were<space>a<space>fish<space>and<space>you<space>were<space>trying<space>to<space>move<space>upstream,<space>would<space>you<space>want<space>to<space>encounter<space>that?
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1191.76 8.40 Have<space>you<space>guys<space>are<space>ever<space>looking<space>for<space>another<space>very<space>good<space>speaker,<space>Rich<space>Kern,<space>who's<space>a<space>fish<space>biologist<space>for<space>Fish<space>and<space>Wildlife.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1200.96 11.12 He<space>has<space>this<space>video,<space>that's<space>very<space>hard<space>to<space>watch,<space>of<space>trout<space>trying<space>to<space>get,<space>throwing<space>themselves<space>up<space>against<space>a<space>culvert<space>to<space>get<space>through.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1213.28 6.96 So<space>coming<space>back<space>to<space>that<space>diagram<space>we<space>had<space>earlier,<space>this<space>is<space>the<space>same<space>one<space>we<space>were<space>looking<space>at<space>earlier.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1220.32 10.72 So<space>you<space>can<space>see<space>there,<space>the<space>relative<space>amount<space>of<space>surface<space>run-off<space>to<space>base<space>flow,<space>and<space>then<space>the<space>one<space>on<space>the<space>right,<space>you<space>can<space>see,<space>we've<space>altered<space>the<space>landscape.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1231.04 7.76 So<space>we've<space>put<space>in<space>some<space>hard<space>surfaces,<space>there's<space>lawn,<space>which<space>is<space>typically<space>very<space>compacted.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1238.88 1.52 The<space>roots<space>aren't<space>very<space>deep.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1240.64 4.96 Water<space>runs<space>off<space>of<space>lawn<space>at<space>a<space>very<space>high<space>rate.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1245.68 10.00 So<space>you<space>can<space>see<space>we've<space>really<space>shifted<space>that<space>balance,<space>between<space>what<space>runs<space>off<space>and<space>what<space>makes<space>it<space>into<space>the<space>ground<space>and<space>gets<space>to<space>the<space>river<space>slowly.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1255.76 12.08 And<space>a<space>lot<space>of<space>times,<space>when<space>you<space>think<space>about<space>the<space>localized<space>flooding,<space>you<space>know,<space>small<space>urban<space>streams,<space>it's<space>a<space>lot<space>of,<space>because<space>we've<space>changed<space>that<space>balance.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1268.16 4.24 That<space>these<space>streams<space>are<space>gonna<space>rise<space>very<space>rapidly.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1272.48 15.76 And<space>it's<space>also<space>why<space>we're<space>also<space>going<space>to<space>have<space>potentially<space>more<space>drought<space>and<space>low-flow<space>conditions<space>during<space>dry<space>periods,<space>because<space>water<space>is<space>not<space>making<space>it<space>in<space>to<space>the<space>aquifer<space>and<space>getting<space>to<space>the<space>river<space>slowly.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1288.72 3.36 And<space>this<space>is<space>another<space>way<space>to<space>think<space>about-<space>Did<space>I<space>hear<space>someone<space>ask?
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1292.16 2.64 Okay,<space>I<space>thought<space>I<space>heard<space>that<space>someone<space>asking<space>a<space>question.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1295.28 15.52 This<space>is<space>a<space>hydrograph<space>and<space>what<space>this<space>is<space>demonstrating<space>is<space>in<space>a<space>pre-development<space>or<space>an<space>undeveloped<space>natural<space>state,<space>you<space>can<space>see<space>when<space>a<space>storm<space>comes<space>along,<space>you<space>know,<space>the<space>river<space>rises,<space>you<space>know,<space>it<space>still<space>might<space>rise<space>fairly<space>quickly.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1311.04 2.88 But<space>it<space>peaks<space>out<space>much,<space>much<space>lower.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1314.00 6.64 And<space>then<space>it<space>goes<space>down<space>where,<space>and<space>this<space>is<space>the<space>discharge,<space>so<space>this<space>is<space>your<space>flow<space>over<space>here.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1321.12 5.60 In<space>a<space>developed<space>environment,<space>where<space>you've<space>got<space>a<space>lot<space>of<space>hard<space>surfaces,<space>where<space>the<space>water<space>is<space>going<space>to<space>run<space>off<space>very<space>quickly.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1326.88 4.72 You<space>can<space>see<space>it<space>rises<space>very<space>quickly<space>and<space>to<space>a<space>much<space>greater<space>level.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1331.60 8.56 And<space>again,<space>that's<space>the<space>kind<space>of,<space>you<space>know,<space>when<space>we<space>see<space>damage<space>to<space>our<space>infrastructure.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1341.04 7.04 So,<space>if<space>you<space>talk<space>with<space>river<space>scientists,<space>you'll<space>hear<space>them<space>talk<space>a<space>lot<space>about<space>the<space>Channel<space>Evolution<space>model.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1349.04 6.00 So,<space>here<space>we<space>have<space>a<space>stable<space>stream<space>and<space>we<space>have<space>this<space>nice<space>flat<space>land<space>next<space>to<space>the<space>stream.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1355.12 2.48 It's<space>also<space>really<space>nice<space>to<space>live<space>next<space>to<space>water.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1357.60 2.00 So<space>somebody<space>built<space>their<space>house<space>there.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1361.20 3.60 And<space>then,<space>they<space>were<space>getting<space>flooded.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1364.88 2.56 So<space>they're<space>like,<space>"Okay,<space>we<space>don't<space>want<space>to<space>get<space>flooded".
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1367.52 3.12 So<space>what<space>they<space>did<space>was,<space>they<space>built<space>a<space>berm<space>there.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1370.64 3.20 That's<space>what<space>those<space>little<space>black<space>marks<space>are.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1373.92 8.48 So<space>now<space>the<space>water<space>can't<space>get<space>out<space>and<space>onto<space>the<space>flood<space>plain,<space>where<space>it<space>slows<space>down,<space>it<space>loses<space>its<space>energy.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1382.88 2.88 So<space>it's<space>gonna<space>stay<space>contained<space>in<space>the<space>channel.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1385.84 3.92 And<space>the<space>power<space>of<space>water<space>has<space>to<space>go<space>somewhere.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1389.84 6.00 So<space>what<space>it's<space>going<space>to<space>do<space>here,<space>since<space>it<space>can't<space>get<space>out<space>and<space>dissipate<space>that<space>energy,<space>it's<space>going<space>to<space>start<space>digging<space>down.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1395.84 8.32 And<space>this<space>is<space>where<space>you<space>begin<space>to<space>see<space>those<space>really<space>steep,<space>unstable<space>banks,<space>I'm<space>sure<space>all<space>of<space>you<space>have<space>seen<space>them<space>somewhere.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1404.48 5.52 And,<space>eventually<space>you<space>start<space>to<space>get<space>the<space>erosional<space>damage.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1411.12 3.68 Most<space>flood<space>damage<space>in<space>Vermont,<space>is<space>erosional<space>damage.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1415.04 9.44 It's<space>not<space>the<space>traditional<space>inundation<space>flooding,<space>although<space>that<space>certainly<space>does<space>happen,<space>but<space>it's<space>where<space>infrastructure<space>gets<space>overwhelmed.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1424.56 3.36 We<space>can<space>no<space>afford<space>to<space>protect<space>it,<space>or<space>it<space>just<space>happens<space>too<space>quickly.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1428.00 2.40 So<space>in<space>this<space>case,<space>the<space>house<space>topples<space>in.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1430.64 5.92 Let's<space>say<space>it<space>was<space>bought<space>out<space>and<space>nothing<space>was<space>put<space>in<space>its<space>place.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1436.88 6.72 So<space>now<space>what<space>you<space>can<space>see<space>is<space>the<space>river<space>is<space>starting<space>to<space>sort<space>of<space>shift<space>and<space>move<space>again.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1443.92 7.84 And<space>when<space>you<space>get<space>back<space>down<space>here,<space>I'd<space>ask<space>you<space>to<space>look<space>at<space>this<space>picture<space>versus<space>this<space>one<space>up<space>here.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1451.84 8.00 And<space>basically<space>what<space>you<space>see<space>is<space>the<space>river's<space>back<space>where<space>it<space>wants<space>to<space>be,<space>but<space>it's<space>lowered<space>itself.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1460.00 5.28 You<space>know,<space>it's<space>had<space>to<space>work<space>its<space>way<space>down<space>and<space>re-stabilize<space>at<space>a<space>lower<space>level.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1465.36 10.48 And<space>I<space>know<space>from<space>doing<space>a<space>lot<space>of<space>the<space>geomorphic<space>assessments<space>in<space>the<space>Winooski,<space>we<space>have<space>a<space>lot<space>of<space>rivers<space>that<space>are<space>in<space>these<space>stages<space>here.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1475.92 2.64 They're<space>in<space>sizing<space>and<space>they're<space>widening.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1478.96 7.84 There's<space>a<space>couple<space>of<space>sections<space>of<space>the<space>upper<space>Winooski,<space>I've<space>been<space>watching<space>that<space>I<space>think<space>are<space>finally<space>starting<space>to<space>stabilize.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1487.04 6.80 But<space>this<space>is<space>something<space>that's<space>going<space>to<space>take<space>a<space>lot<space>of<space>years<space>and<space>limiting<space>impacts<space>to<space>what's<space>happening<space>there.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1494.16 2.32 Let's<space>go<space>ahead.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1496.80 6.56 So<space>we've<space>sort<space>of<space>got<space>ourselves<space>in<space>this<space>cycle<space>where<space>we've<space>put<space>infrastructure<space>next<space>to<space>our<space>rivers.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1504.24 1.20 We<space>need<space>to<space>protect<space>it.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1505.60 2.40 So<space>we<space>spend<space>money<space>to<space>protect<space>it.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1508.48 2.48 We<space>have<space>floods<space>and<space>we<space>have<space>property<space>damage.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1510.96 3.60 So<space>we<space>come<space>back<space>in<space>and<space>we<space>spend<space>more<space>money.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1514.80 2.00 We<space>do<space>some<space>dredging,<space>berm-ing.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1516.88 5.12 We<space>certainly<space>do<space>armoring<space>of<space>banks<space>where<space>we<space>have<space>infrastructure<space>to<space>protect.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1522.08 2.72 And<space>then<space>the<space>cycle<space>starts<space>all<space>over<space>again.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1524.88 20.32 What<space>we're<space>hopefully<space>starting<space>to<space>get<space>a<space>little<space>bit<space>better<space>about,<space>is<space>on<space>the<space>encroachment<space>side<space>and<space>just<space>learning<space>that<space>we<space>can<space>save<space>ourselves<space>a<space>lot<space>of<space>trouble,<space>a<space>lot<space>of<space>money<space>and<space>make<space>the<space>rivers<space>a<space>lot<space>happier<space>if<space>we<space>stay<space>out<space>of<space>their<space>way,<space>where<space>there<space>are<space>opportunities<space>to<space>do<space>so.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1547.04 11.36 So<space>that<space>we<space>do<space>have<space>opportunities,<space>and<space>one<space>is<space>to,<space>protect<space>corridors<space>where<space>that<space>opportunity<space>still<space>exists.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1558.56 19.20 And<space>what<space>this<space>is<space>showing<space>here<space>is<space>the<space>gray<space>line<space>is<space>the<space>river,<space>the<space>dotted<space>area<space>here,<space>it's<space>called<space>the<space>Fluvial<space>Erosion<space>Hazard<space>Zone<space>because<space>I<space>took<space>this<space>out<space>of<space>a<space>State<space>document,<space>but<space>that's<space>that<space>area<space>that<space>the<space>river<space>wants<space>to<space>meander.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1577.84 4.80 So<space>you<space>can<space>see<space>what's<space>been<space>calculated<space>is<space>sort<space>of<space>what<space>is<space>that<space>belt<space>with.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1582.64 2.64 Where's<space>does<space>the<space>river<space>want<space>to<space>move?
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1585.36 4.80 And<space>then,<space>the<space>further<space>line<space>out<space>is<space>the<space>toe<space>or<space>the<space>edge<space>of<space>the<space>valley.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1590.40 14.72 So<space>if<space>we<space>have<space>opportunities<space>to<space>protect<space>that<space>dotted<space>area<space>and<space>keep<space>infrastructure<space>out<space>of<space>there,<space>that<space>will<space>allow<space>the<space>river<space>to<space>flood<space>without<space>doing<space>much<space>damage.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1605.84 2.64 Another<space>is<space>to<space>improve<space>stream<space>crossings.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1608.80 14.00 The<space>photo<space>in<space>the<space>upper<space>right<space>is<space>the<space>same<space>one<space>I<space>showed<space>you<space>earlier,<space>which<space>was<space>a<space>round<space>concrete,<space>undersized<space>culvert,<space>a<space>lot<space>of<space>movement<space>towards,<space>I<space>mean,<space>bridges<space>are<space>ideal,<space>but<space>bridges<space>are<space>expensive.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1623.44 11.92 There's<space>a<space>lot<space>of<space>these<space>bottomless<space>culvert<space>designs<space>that<space>you<space>can<space>see<space>this<space>as<space>much<space>better<space>sized<space>to<space>the<space>size<space>of<space>the<space>stream<space>that<space>we<space>want<space>to<space>send<space>through<space>it.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1635.44 8.56 And<space>the<space>other<space>thing,<space>for<space>this,<space>from<space>a<space>fish's<space>standpoint,<space>that's<space>a<space>natural<space>bottom<space>and<space>that's<space>going<space>to<space>be<space>a<space>natural<space>flow.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1644.08 4.64 So<space>it's<space>also<space>better<space>from<space>an<space>ecological<space>standpoint.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1649.44 12.72 One<space>more<space>frustrating<space>things<space>I<space>saw<space>post<space>Irene,<space>I<space>was<space>out<space>at<space>a<space>site<space>and<space>a<space>culvert<space>had<space>gotten<space>blown<space>out<space>and<space>the<space>old<space>culvert<space>was<space>laying<space>about<space>40<space>feet<space>away.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1662.24 4.32 And<space>it<space>had<space>been<space>replaced<space>with<space>exactly<space>the<space>same<space>sized<space>culvert.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1667.20 7.20 Part<space>of<space>those<space>problems<space>as<space>I<space>understand,<space>came<space>from<space>the<space>way<space>FEMA<space>reimburses,<space>is<space>they<space>would<space>reimburse<space>what<space>was<space>there.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1674.40 3.68 They<space>wouldn't<space>necessarily<space>reimburse<space>the<space>step<space>up.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1678.72 28.48 And<space>one<space>thing,<space>you<space>know,<space>with<space>any<space>event<space>like<space>Irene,<space>you<space>know,<space>opportunities<space>come,<space>and<space>I<space>know<space>there's<space>been<space>a<space>lot<space>of<space>movement<space>by<space>VTrans<space>to<space>better<space>size<space>the<space>infrastructure<space>and<space>a<space>lot<space>of<space>towns<space>have,<space>and<space>I<space>have<space>no<space>idea<space>about<space>any<space>of<space>the<space>towns<space>here<space>have<space>begun<space>to<space>adopt,<space>you<space>know,<space>these<space>higher<space>standards<space>for<space>when<space>they<space>do<space>replace<space>the<space>infrastructure<space>that<space>they're<space>going<space>to<space>replace<space>it<space>with<space>something<space>that<space>is<space>better<space>sized<space>to<space>this<space>stream.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1707.28 7.92 And<space>based<space>upon<space>the<space>guidance<space>of<space>the<space>River<space>Management<space>folks<space>at<space>the<space>State.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1715.20 6.40 Just<space>to<space>stand<space>up<space>for<space>people,<space>they<space>actually<space>can<space>have<space>permissions<space>for<space>right<space>sizing<space>culverts.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1722.08 20.56 In<space>many<space>cases,<space>sometimes<space>the<space>towns<space>don't<space>understand<space>that<space>and<space>they<space>think<space>they're<space>just<space>going<space>to<space>replace<space>what's<space>there,<space>but<space>they<space>actually<space>have<space>provisions<space>for<space>right-sizing<space>and<space>there's<space>a<space>lot<space>of<space>details<space>involved,<space>but<space>if<space>the<space>town<space>has<space>adopted<space>the<space>codes<space>and<space>standards<space>so<space>that<space>they<space>would,<space>if<space>they<space>were<space>doing<space>it<space>themselves,<space>they<space>would<space>upgrade<space>it<space>to<space>the<space>right<space>size<space>and<space>FEMA<space>will<space>pay<space>for<space>that<space>up-sizing.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1742.72 4.32 And<space>there's<space>a<space>whole,<space>it's<space>called<space>Hazard<space>Mitigation,<space>and<space>there's<space>a<space>formula<space>to<space>that.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1747.04 3.84 And<space>they<space>can<space>add<space>on<space>a<space>certain<space>amount<space>of<space>money<space>to<space>those<space>things.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1750.88 7.68 So<space>it's<space>just<space>a<space>matter<space>of<space>how<space>fast,<space>and<space>how<space>well-versed<space>the<space>FEMA<space>representative<space>is<space>in<space>those<space>things.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1758.96 8.08 And<space>I<space>think<space>initially<space>there<space>was<space>some<space>resistance<space>with<space>FEMA<space>to<space>support<space>paying<space>for<space>some<space>of<space>the<space>upsides<space>culverts.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1767.04 23.76 But<space>I<space>think<space>our<space>congressional<space>delegation<space>actually<space>provided<space>some<space>assistance<space>in<space>that<space>area<space>because,<space>it's<space>just<space>so<space>obvious<space>that<space>you<space>do<space>need<space>to<space>have<space>a<space>bigger<space>culvert,<space>and<space>not<space>to<space>upgrade<space>when<space>you<space>need<space>to,<space>and,<space>you<space>know,<space>not<space>back<space>the<space>towns<space>and<space>doing<space>that,<space>and<space>back<space>the<space>State.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1790.88 13.28 And<space>FEMA<space>actually<space>produced<space>a<space>little<space>film<space>talking<space>about<space>some<space>of<space>the<space>innovative<space>stuff<space>they<space>did,<space>especially<space>in<space>the<space>Rochester<space>area<space>and<space>working<space>with<space>the<space>forest<space>service<space>and<space>some<space>other<space>things<space>to<space>really<space>improve<space>the<space>fish<space>passage.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1804.24 2.32 And<space>you<space>have<space>other<space>states<space>like<space>New<space>Hampshire.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1806.56 4.48 Things<space>are<space>also<space>adopting<space>standards,<space>for<space>fish<space>passage<space>and<space>other<space>things.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1811.04 0.32 So,<space>yeah.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1811.36 9.28 I<space>know<space>in<space>some<space>areas<space>and<space>you<space>spoke<space>of<space>Rochester<space>and<space>I<space>don't<space>know<space>if<space>this<space>was<space>one<space>in<space>particular,<space>but<space>the<space>US<space>Fish<space>and<space>Wildlife<space>Service,<space>put<space>a<space>lot<space>of<space>people<space>in<space>their<space>post-Irene.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1820.72 7.36 And<space>I<space>think<space>that's<space>why<space>a<space>lot<space>of<space>things,<space>did<space>get<space>done<space>that<space>way,<space>as<space>well<space>as<space>with<space>the<space>Forest<space>Service.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1828.16 9.76 And,<space>yeah,<space>going<space>back<space>to<space>your<space>comment<space>about<space>FEMA-<space>-<space>There<space>were<space>some<space>people<space>in<space>FEMA<space>that<space>were<space>pushing<space>for<space>that,<space>were<space>pushing<space>for<space>it<space>too,<space>but<space>all<space>parts<space>of<space>FEMA,<space>don't<space>always<space>talk<space>to<space>all<space>the<space>others.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1837.92 20.40 Well<space>that's<space>what<space>I've<space>heard<space>a<space>lot<space>of,<space>I<space>didn't<space>have<space>a<space>lot<space>of<space>direct<space>contact<space>with<space>FEMA,<space>but<space>when<space>I<space>talked<space>with<space>people<space>in<space>different<space>agencies<space>and<space>representatives<space>in<space>different<space>towns,<space>some<space>of<space>it<space>came<space>down<space>to<space>who<space>they<space>were<space>dealing<space>with<space>in<space>FEMA.<space>And<space>so,<space>but<space>there<space>were<space>a<space>lot<space>of<space>cases.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1858.32 8.88 I<space>don't<space>think<space>it<space>was<space>as<space>bad<space>after<space>Irene<space>as<space>it<space>was<space>after<space>previous<space>floods,<space>but<space>there<space>a<space>lot<space>of<space>stuff<space>that<space>got<space>replaced<space>at<space>the<space>same<space>site.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1867.20 1.92 Oh<space>yeah,<space>and<space>it<space>always<space>happens.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1869.20 5.36 So,<space>but<space>I<space>think,<space>we<space>did<space>learn<space>a<space>great<space>deal.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1874.96 9.92 I<space>remember<space>sitting<space>in<space>meetings<space>and<space>we<space>were<space>talking<space>more<space>about<space>fish<space>passage<space>and<space>I<space>was<space>there<space>with,<space>you<space>know,<space>the<space>State<space>Fish<space>and<space>Wildlife<space>Department<space>and<space>VTrans.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1884.96 6.08 And,<space>there<space>was<space>sort<space>of<space>this<space>sense<space>of,<space>abyss<space>between<space>the<space>two<space>agencies.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1891.12 5.84 And<space>I<space>think<space>in<space>the<space>last<space>two<space>to<space>three<space>years,<space>that<space>that<space>has<space>changed<space>quite<space>a<space>bit.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1897.04 4.32 And<space>I<space>think<space>that<space>there<space>is<space>a<space>lot<space>more<space>cooperation<space>between<space>them.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1901.44 3.52 So<space>that's<space>very<space>heartening<space>to<space>see.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1905.20 11.36 But,<space>I<space>would<space>also<space>say<space>that<space>really<space>there's<space>been<space>a<space>really<space>good<space>working<space>relationship<space>in<space>the<space>past<space>decade<space>with<space>various<space>departments<space>in<space>those<space>agencies.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1916.56 1.20 And<space>do<space>you<space>work<space>for<space>one<space>of<space>these<space>agencies?
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1917.76 7.60 Yeah,<space>I<space>worked<space>for<space>Fish<space>and<space>Wildlife<space>and<space>we've,<space>we've<space>had<space>a<space>great<space>working<space>relationship<space>with<space>Fish<space>and<space>Wildlife<space>working<space>on<space>this<space>passage.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1926.32 7.12 There<space>may<space>be<space>certain<space>sectors<space>within<space>VTrans<space>that<space>maybe<space>hadn't<space>completely<space>bought<space>in,<space>but<space>I<space>know<space>Planning<space>had<space>bought<space>in.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1933.44 3.52 Yeah<space>-<space>Going<space>back<space>at<space>least<space>almost<space>10<space>years<space>ago.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1936.96 6.40 And<space>then<space>Brian<space>,<space>environmental<space>planning,<space>and<space>maybe,<space>some<space>of<space>the<space>structural<space>engineers<space>hadn't<space>completely<space>bought<space>in<space>yet.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1943.60 9.44 And<space>then<space>Irene,<space>FEMA,<space>the<space>Environmental<space>Section<space>was<space>pushing<space>very<space>hard<space>to<space>get<space>these<space>fish-passages<space>through,<space>and<space>to<space>work<space>with<space>the<space>agencies<space>to<space>get<space>this.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1953.04 4.40 But<space>they<space>weren't<space>always<space>successful<space>either<space>within,<space>you<space>know,<space>what,<space>there<space>were<space>people<space>pushing<space>for<space>it.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1957.44 5.04 Because<space>it<space>only<space>makes<space>sense<space>that<space>you<space>repair<space>all<space>at<space>once,<space>instead<space>of<space>repair<space>it,<space>multiple<space>times.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1962.48 10.88 And<space>ever<space>since<space>James<space>Lee<space>Witt<space>was<space>the<space>Head<space>of<space>FEMA<space>back<space>in<space>the<space>Clinton<space>era,<space>they've<space>been<space>pushing<space>more<space>Hazard<space>Mitigation<space>so<space>that<space>you<space>don't<space>have<space>to<space>repair<space>things<space>over<space>and<space>over<space>and<space>over<space>again.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1973.36 3.76 So<space>it's<space>just,<space>you<space>know,<space>it's<space>totally<space>well.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1977.12 6.88 It<space>takes<space>a<space>while,<space>but<space>that<space>is,<space>every<space>project<space>has<space>to<space>be<space>reviewed<space>to<space>see<space>if<space>there's<space>a<space>mitigation<space>opportunity.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1984.56 1.28 That's<space>good<space>to<space>hear.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1986.40 2.00 So<space>let's<space>go<space>ahead<space>and<space>go<space>on.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1989.36 5.12 What<space>areas<space>will<space>you<space>spend<space>a<space>lot<space>of<space>time<space>on<space>is<space>improving<space>riparian<space>buffers.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 1994.96 8.40 A<space>lot<space>of,<space>we<space>work<space>with<space>mostly<space>private<space>landowners<space>on<space>this<space>because<space>the<space>bulk<space>of<space>the<space>land<space>in<space>the<space>Winooski<space>is<space>privately<space>owned.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2003.44 8.32 That<space>is,<space>one<space>huge<space>difference<space>between<space>the<space>Winooski<space>and<space>the<space>White,<space>is<space>that<space>there<space>is<space>a<space>lot<space>of<space>State<space>and<space>Federally<space>owned<space>land<space>in<space>the<space>White.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2012.00 4.48 So<space>we<space>work<space>a<space>lot<space>with<space>individual<space>landowners.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2016.80 17.04 So<space>we're<space>very<space>dependent<space>upon<space>willing<space>land<space>owners<space>who,<space>with<space>or<space>without<space>compensation<space>through<space>a<space>State<space>or<space>Federal<space>program<space>would<space>be<space>willing<space>to<space>give<space>up,<space>some<space>of<space>their<space>property.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2035.36 5.60 We<space>work<space>on,<space>and<space>we<space>all<space>need<space>to<space>work<space>on<space>is<space>better<space>managing<space>stormwater.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2041.28 1.68 Sorry?
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2043.36 3.04 In<space>the<space>previous<space>slide,<space>you<space>said,<space>you<space>improved<space>the<space>riparian<space>buffer.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2046.72 1.04 What<space>do<space>you<space>do?
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2047.76 1.20 What<space>is<space>the<space>work<space>you<space>do?
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2049.60 5.52 Mostly<space>we<space>do<space>planting<space>trees,<space>native<space>trees<space>and<space>shrubs.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2056.08 6.72 We've<space>had<space>one<space>project<space>where<space>we<space>did<space>do<space>bank<space>grading.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2062.96 4.88 And<space>that<space>gets<space>real<space>expensive,<space>real<space>fast.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2068.40 4.88 With<space>this,<space>and<space>this<space>is<space>one<space>of<space>the<space>hardest<space>things<space>in<space>dealing<space>with<space>landowners.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2073.60 2.16 You<space>got<space>to<space>look<space>at<space>this<space>at<space>the<space>long<space>haul.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2076.40 5.04 You<space>know,<space>when<space>I<space>go<space>out<space>and<space>talk<space>to<space>landowners<space>and<space>they're<space>like,<space>"Oh<space>yeah,<space>we<space>want<space>to<space>get<space>trees<space>because<space>we're<space>losing<space>land".
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2082.48 4.08 We're<space>not<space>going<space>to<space>solve<space>that<space>problem<space>in<space>the<space>next<space>few<space>years.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2087.28 2.88 It's<space>got<space>to<space>be<space>looked<space>at<space>over<space>the<space>long<space>haul.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2092.96 1.12 Let's<space>go<space>ahead.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2094.40 5.12 So<space>managing<space>stormwater<space>is<space>another<space>area.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2099.84 13.76 And<space>I<space>think<space>one<space>of<space>the,<space>you<space>know,<space>there's<space>a<space>lot<space>of<space>focus<space>on<space>stormwater<space>in<space>the<space>greater<space>Burlington<space>area,<space>St.<space>Alban's,<space>Rutland,<space>because<space>those<space>are<space>regulated<space>areas.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2113.84 3.04 They're<space>under<space>stormwater<space>permits.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2117.44 2.32 But<space>stormwater<space>is<space>an<space>issue<space>everywhere.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2119.84 15.36 And<space>one<space>of<space>the<space>things<space>that's<space>really<space>been<space>recognized,<space>I<space>think<space>more<space>recently<space>is<space>what<space>I<space>call<space>"rural<space>stormwater",<space>which<space>is<space>coming<space>off<space>of,<space>coming<space>out<space>of<space>village<space>centers,<space>coming<space>out<space>of<space>developed<space>land.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2135.44 7.76 Dirt<space>roads<space>have<space>been<space>recognized<space>as<space>a<space>significant<space>source<space>of<space>erosion<space>and<space>sedimentation.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2143.20 2.56 Let's<space>go<space>ahead.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2146.48 13.84 So<space>these<space>are<space>things<space>that<space>we<space>can<space>do<space>to<space>get<space>ourselves<space>out<space>of<space>this<space>cycle,<space>but<space>we<space>do<space>have<space>to<space>ask<space>ourselves,<space>I<space>think<space>some<space>really<space>hard<space>questions.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2160.64 3.60 We<space>have<space>to<space>ask,<space>you<space>know,<space>what<space>are<space>we<space>going<space>to<space>require<space>of<space>landowners?
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2164.32 8.80 Whether<space>they're<space>farmers,<space>developers,<space>smaller<space>landowners,<space>what<space>are<space>we<space>going<space>to<space>pay<space>for,<space>from<space>public<space>funds?
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2173.44 1.84 Are<space>we<space>going<space>to<space>incentivize<space>people?
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2176.32 5.12 Are<space>we<space>gonna<space>require<space>farmers<space>to<space>put<space>buffers<space>in<space>or<space>are<space>we<space>going<space>to<space>incentivize<space>them<space>to<space>do<space>that?
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2181.44 2.16 And<space>where<space>are<space>we<space>going<space>to<space>get<space>that<space>money<space>from?
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2183.68 2.72 And<space>then<space>what<space>are<space>we<space>going<space>to<space>do<space>voluntarily?
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2186.96 3.52 You<space>know,<space>is<space>education<space>enough?
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2190.96 8.00 So<space>we<space>have<space>some<space>things<space>to<space>think<space>about<space>here<space>and-<space>Has<space>anybody<space>ever<space>seen<space>this?
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2200.32 4.32 I<space>thought<space>that<space>maybe<space>you<space>two<space>had?
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2205.12 7.68 Yeah,<space>this<space>is<space>a<space>map<space>that<space>someone<space>from<space>the<space>State,<space>from<space>the<space>River<space>Management<space>Section<space>has<space>maintained,<space>going<space>back<space>to<space>1973.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2212.88 6.96 And<space>I<space>think,<space>what<space>it<space>illustrates<space>is<space>sort<space>of<space>how<space>short<space>our<space>memories<space>are.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2220.64 12.00 I<space>think,<space>you<space>know,<space>this<space>group<space>here<space>is<space>pretty<space>conscious<space>of<space>things,<space>but<space>the<space>only<space>thing<space>that<space>was<space>unusual<space>about<space>Irene,<space>was<space>how<space>widespread<space>it<space>was.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2233.20 8.48 If<space>you<space>look<space>carefully<space>at<space>the<space>dates<space>on<space>that<space>map,<space>you<space>can<space>see<space>that<space>there's<space>a<space>damaging<space>flood<space>event.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2242.00 2.16 I<space>don't<space>know<space>what<space>the<space>average<space>works<space>out<space>to<space>be.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2244.24 4.88 Maybe<space>every<space>five,<space>seven,<space>eight<space>years,<space>and<space>they<space>seem<space>to<space>come<space>more<space>and<space>more<space>frequently.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2249.20 9.92 And<space>if<space>you<space>were<space>to<space>go<space>up<space>to<space>Plainfield<space>or<space>Marshfield<space>or<space>Barre<space>and<space>ask<space>them,<space>you<space>know,<space>what<space>was<space>the<space>worst<space>flood<space>event<space>of<space>2011?
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2259.20 1.28 It<space>wasn't<space>Irene.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2260.64 2.80 It<space>was<space>the<space>end<space>of<space>May.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2263.68 4.48 And<space>so<space>it's<space>something<space>that<space>we<space>really<space>need<space>to<space>think<space>about.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2268.16 3.28 And<space>precipitation<space>patterns<space>are<space>changing.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2271.52 18.32 And<space>we<space>do<space>have<space>to,<space>sort<space>of<space>going<space>back<space>to<space>the<space>discussion<space>we<space>were<space>just<space>having,<space>a<space>little<space>bit,<space>is<space>we<space>have<space>to<space>get<space>more<space>people<space>within<space>those<space>areas<space>that<space>are<space>making<space>those<space>decisions<space>to<space>understand<space>that<space>we're<space>going<space>to<space>be<space>facing<space>more<space>and<space>more<space>of<space>this.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2290.00 3.44 And<space>we<space>need<space>to<space>turn<space>things<space>around<space>pretty<space>quickly.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2293.76 6.16 So<space>there's<space>one<space>last<space>slide<space>that<space>I'll<space>just<space>let<space>you<space>read<space>yourselves.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2342.08 0.88 That's<space>it.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2342.96 1.44 I<space>don't<space>know<space>if<space>there's<space>any<space>questions<space>or.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2344.40 5.60 You<space>guys<space>have<space>been<space>doing<space>any<space>work<space>with,<space>with<space>invasive<space>removal<space>such<space>as<space>Japanese<space>knotweed.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2353.28 15.92 We<space>do<space>invasive<space>management<space>on<space>sites<space>where<space>we're<space>doing<space>riparian<space>restoration<space>and<space>we<space>don't<space>go<space>in<space>necessarily<space>with<space>the<space>intent<space>that<space>we're<space>going<space>to<space>eradicate<space>something<space>that's<space>there.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2369.36 12.96 But<space>what<space>we're<space>trying<space>to<space>do,<space>since<space>we're<space>trying<space>to<space>re-establish<space>native<space>vegetation,<space>is<space>we're<space>trying<space>to<space>keep<space>the<space>invasive-s<space>at<space>bay,<space>until<space>our<space>vegetation<space>can<space>get<space>established.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2382.40 10.64 Because<space>if<space>you<space>commit<space>yourself<space>to<space>eradication,<space>it's<space>sort<space>of<space>beyond<space>our<space>means,<space>to<space>be<space>perfectly<space>honest.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2393.36 8.72 So<space>we<space>do<space>try<space>to<space>manage<space>it<space>on<space>those<space>sites,<space>so<space>that<space>our,<space>what<space>we've<space>planted,<space>isn't<space>going<space>to<space>get<space>out-competed<space>by<space>what's<space>there.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2402.64 1.44 Branching<space>on<space>that<space>question.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2404.16 8.64 Is<space>there<space>a<space>difference<space>between<space>the<space>invasive-s<space>and<space>the<space>natural<space>vegetation<space>as<space>far<space>as<space>retention<space>capabilities?
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2412.80 2.88 Isn't<space>the<space>knotweed<space>better<space>at<space>holding<space>the<space>soil?
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2415.76 2.32 No,<space>knotweed<space>is<space>terrible<space>at<space>holding<space>soil.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2418.16 0.88 It's<space>shallow<space>rooted.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2419.04 4.00 It's<space>very<space>shallow<space>rooted.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2425.76 11.28 When<space>the<space>bottomless<space>Culper,<space>thinking<space>about<space>the<space>construction<space>of<space>that,<space>is<space>there<space>a<space>footing<space>near<space>the<space>edges<space>of<space>the<space>-<space>My<space>understanding,<space>and<space>I'm<space>sorry,<space>your<space>name?
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2437.04 1.28 You<space>might<space>know<space>more.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2438.48 9.36 Everett<space>-<space>Everett<space>There's<space>a<space>variety<space>of<space>structures,<space>as<space>I<space>understand<space>it.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2448.80 10.16 And<space>I've<space>seen<space>the<space>ones<space>like<space>that,<space>that<space>I<space>think<space>they<space>come<space>down<space>and<space>they<space>sort<space>of<space>have<space>a,<space>a<space>concrete<space>pad<space>and<space>then<space>it<space>ties<space>into<space>that.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2458.96 5.60 And<space>then<space>that's<space>buried<space>a<space>certain<space>amount<space>below<space>the<space>ground.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2465.20 9.84 A<space>lot<space>of<space>that,<space>or<space>some<space>of<space>that,<space>those<space>newer<space>approaches<space>were<space>pioneered<space>by,<space>I<space>believe<space>the<space>Forest<space>Service.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2475.44 8.00 We're<space>looking<space>at,<space>for<space>one<space>structure,<space>we<space>are<space>hoping<space>to<space>replace<space>in<space>Marshfield,<space>we're<space>actually<space>looking<space>at<space>a<space>pre-fab<space>bridge.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2484.16 10.88 Normally<space>a<space>bridge<space>would<space>just<space>be<space>totally<space>outside<space>the<space>budget,<space>but<space>they-<space>and<space>they<space>can<space>carry<space>a<space>firetruck<space>because<space>they<space>could<space>carry<space>a<space>logging<space>truck.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2495.20 9.76 So<space>usually<space>to<space>be<space>honest,<space>where<space>we've<space>done<space>fish<space>passage,<space>well,<space>not<space>usually<space>always,<space>we<space>hire<space>an<space>engineer<space>and<space>I<space>rely<space>on<space>them.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2504.96 9.12 And<space>to<space>some<space>extent,<space>the<space>folks<space>that<space>I<space>work<space>with<space>from<space>the<space>US<space>Fish<space>and<space>Wildlife<space>Service<space>to<space>evaluate<space>what's<space>the<space>best<space>option<space>for<space>a<space>given<space>stream.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2515.44 3.12 I<space>don't<space>ever-<space>have<space>you<space>had<space>any<space>experience<space>with<space>those?
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2520.08 4.88 I<space>don't<space>know<space>if<space>I<space>have<space>much<space>to<space>add<space>to<space>that<space>because<space>that's<space>not<space>my<space>area.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2525.04 0.88 Oh,<space>okay.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2526.32 12.48 Yeah<space>I<space>would<space>point<space>out<space>one<space>thing<space>interesting<space>is<space>that<space>this<space>area,<space>Richmond<space>was<space>actually<space>affected<space>most<space>severely,<space>by<space>the<space>inundation<space>event.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2538.80 3.92 So<space>it<space>was<space>in<space>let's<space>see,<space>in<space>2011.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2542.80 1.76 It<space>was-<space>-<space>In<space>the<space>spring?
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2545.12 0.16 Yeah.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2545.36 2.80 But<space>the<space>lake<space>was-<space>-<space>No,<space>but<space>no,<space>it<space>was,<space>no,<space>it<space>wasn't.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2548.80 12.00 It<space>was<space>Irene,<space>but<space>the<space>towns,<space>the<space>Hilltop<space>towns<space>were<space>affected<space>mostly<space>by<space>the<space>spring<space>event,<space>where<space>we<space>get<space>the<space>big<space>rains.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2561.28 6.00 And<space>that<space>followed<space>up<space>again<space>this<space>past<space>year,<space>with<space>similar<space>events<space>where<space>we<space>were<space>getting.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2567.44 4.40 You<space>know,<space>big<space>rain<space>events<space>in<space>our,<space>in<space>our<space>Hilltop<space>towns.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2571.84 3.44 So<space>we're<space>getting<space>erosion<space>events.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2575.28 2.88 Any<space>other<space>questions?
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2579.20 1.60 Where<space>does<space>your<space>funding<space>come<space>from?
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2580.80 6.08 If<space>you're<space>going<space>to<space>a<space>home-owner<space>or<space>landowners<space>to<space>plant<space>native<space>vegetation,<space>where<space>does<space>that<space>money<space>come<space>from?
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2587.60 2.64 It<space>comes<space>from<space>a<space>variety<space>of<space>sources.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2590.80 8.88 Our<space>biggest<space>sources<space>for<space>plant<space>material<space>are<space>in<space>the<space>headwaters.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2600.32 4.48 Cabot<space>Creamery<space>has<space>funded<space>a<space>lot<space>of<space>work<space>in<space>the<space>headwaters.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2605.76 2.08 We<space>get<space>some<space>funding<space>through<space>the<space>State.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2608.24 6.16 If<space>we<space>can<space>get<space>certain<space>agreements<space>from<space>the<space>landowner,<space>we<space>can<space>get<space>money<space>through<space>US<space>Fish<space>and<space>Wildlife.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2614.64 6.08 I've<space>also<space>gotten<space>some<space>private<space>foundation<space>funding<space>through<space>Green<space>Mountain<space>Coffee<space>Roasters.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2621.12 5.60 But,<space>if<space>anybody's<space>worked<space>for<space>a<space>small<space>non-profit,<space>you<space>know,<space>you're<space>always<space>chasing<space>money.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2627.28 4.64 So<space>it's<space>a<space>variety<space>of<space>sources<space>and<space>then<space>broader<space>for<space>the<space>organization.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2632.08 4.24 You<space>know,<space>we<space>do<space>fundraising<space>from<space>individuals,<space>from<space>businesses.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2637.44 27.04 Well,<space>in<space>that<space>vein,<space>you<space>might<space>point<space>out<space>that<space>tomorrow<space>is<space>Giving<space>Tuesday,<space>which<space>is<space>the<space>new<space>national<space>holiday<space>after<space>Black<space>Friday,<space>Small<space>Business<space>Saturday,<space>Cyber<space>Monday,<space>and<space>now<space>it's<space>Giving<space>Tuesday<space>-<space>Oh,<space>I<space>have<space>heard<space>of<space>this.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2664.48 2.64 It's<space>time<space>to<space>give<space>back<space>to,<space>maybe<space>you<space>can<space>let<space>people<space>know<space>where<space>to<space>send<space>their<space>donations.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2667.12 1.28 A<space>question<space>in<space>the<space>back<space>there.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2668.48 2.72 Oh,<space>That's<space>right.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2671.68 5.92 -<space>Yeah,<space>thank<space>you.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2678.08 0.24 Yeah.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2678.40 12.40 I<space>did<space>work<space>with,<space>well,<space>really<space>through<space>the<space>4-Towns<space>to<space>put<space>in<space>a<space>grant<space>application<space>to<space>the<space>lake<space>Champlain<space>Basin<space>program<space>to<space>do<space>stormwater<space>education.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2691.04 11.84 Again,<space>it's<space>this<space>idea<space>of<space>what<space>I<space>call<space>it,<space>rural<space>stormwater,<space>but<space>the<space>idea<space>that<space>it's<space>not<space>just<space>Burlington<space>and<space>the<space>greater<space>Burlington<space>area,<space>but<space>we<space>need<space>to<space>look<space>at<space>village<space>centers.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2703.20 8.96 We<space>need<space>to<space>look<space>at<space>runoff<space>from<space>private<space>properties<space>in<space>more,<space>you<space>know,<space>spread<space>out<space>settings.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2712.32 6.32 And<space>so<space>the<space>application<space>went<space>in<space>and<space>I<space>think<space>it's<space>February<space>before<space>we<space>find<space>out.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2726.96 2.88 Just<space>make<space>the<space>observation<space>and<space>maybe<space>ask<space>a<space>question.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2729.84 5.28 I<space>think<space>our<space>planning<space>commission<space>here<space>in<space>Richmond<space>is<space>working<space>on<space>flood<space>zone<space>regulations,<space>has<space>been<space>for<space>a<space>while.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2735.92 6.80 I<space>have<space>a<space>clear<space>account<space>planner<space>up<space>here,<space>but<space>I'm<space>kind<space>of<space>curious<space>to<space>know<space>if<space>any<space>other<space>members<space>of<space>our<space>planning<space>commission<space>are<space>here,<space>to<space>hear<space>this?
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2743.12 4.24 No<space>-<space>It's<space>a<space>little<space>disappointing<space>to<space>me.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2747.76 5.20 Well,<space>in<space>all<space>effect<space>they<space>may<space>have<space>heard<space>this<space>from<space>the<space>Regional<space>Planning<space>Commission.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2753.60 7.12 There<space>may<space>have<space>been<space>other<space>sources<space>of<space>this<space>information,<space>I<space>don't<space>know.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2761.44 2.96 A<space>couple<space>of<space>years<space>ago,<space>-<space>I'm<space>sorry?
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2764.72 4.16 Regional<space>Planning<space>Commission<space>came<space>a<space>couple<space>of<space>years<space>ago.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2770.80 5.28 But<space>it's<space>always<space>good<space>for<space>few<space>commission<space>members<space>to<space>care<space>and<space>handbooks<space>to<space>be<space>reminded.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2776.08 16.08 So<space>I<space>think<space>that<space>will<space>be<space>coming<space>soon,<space>because<space>chapter<space>117<space>does<space>require<space>town<space>plans<space>to<space>now<space>have<space>a<space>fluvial<space>erosion<space>planning<space>section.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2792.32 11.12 So,<space>it's<space>an<space>important<space>component,<space>and<space>one<space>that<space>I<space>think<space>towns<space>are<space>going<space>to<space>be<space>looking<space>at<space>for<space>no<space>other<space>reason<space>than,<space>it's<space>a<space>requirement<space>in<space>the<space>town<space>plan.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2803.76 6.80 And<space>there<space>was<space>some<space>discussion<space>that<space>there<space>would<space>be<space>incentives<space>tied<space>to<space>towns<space>that<space>adopted<space>certain<space>standards.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2810.56 0.64 Is<space>that<space>true?
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2811.20 13.44 Yeah,<space>that's<space>what<space>they<space>said<space>to<space>us,<space>for<space>reimbursement<space>for<space>highway<space>repair<space>related<space>expenses,<space>in<space>the<space>case<space>of<space>flooding<space>events.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2824.80 10.32 So<space>the<space>State<space>is<space>creating<space>systems<space>to<space>incentivize<space>municipalities,<space>to<space>adopt<space>more<space>rigorous<space>standards.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2835.12 16.24 Yeah,<space>I<space>think,<space>one<space>of<space>the<space>handicaps<space>is<space>the,<space>what<space>they<space>call<space>the<space>Fluvial<space>Erosion<space>Hazard<space>Zones<space>are<space>based<space>upon<space>having<space>done<space>geomorphic<space>studies,<space>which<space>are<space>very,<space>very<space>time<space>intensive.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2851.36 1.68 And<space>I<space>know,<space>I've<space>sort<space>of<space>lost<space>track<space>of<space>this.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2853.04 5.12 I<space>know<space>the<space>State<space>was<space>looking<space>at<space>a<space>way<space>to<space>do,<space>you<space>know,<space>sort<space>of<space>quicker.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2858.16 15.92 I<space>don't<space>want<space>to<space>call<space>them<space>down<space>and<space>dirty,<space>but,<space>you<space>know,<space>once<space>where,<space>I<space>mean,<space>because<space>literally<space>the<space>way<space>geomorphic<space>studies<space>have<space>been<space>done<space>,is<space>you<space>go<space>walk<space>the<space>stream<space>and<space>I've<space>done<space>it<space>with<space>consultants<space>and<space>you<space>go<space>at<space>the<space>pace<space>of<space>about<space>a<space>mile<space>a<space>day<space>to<space>gather,<space>and<space>that's<space>just<space>a<space>gathering<space>of<space>data.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2874.16 1.60 So<space>there<space>needs<space>to<space>be<space>a<space>way.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2875.76 2.00 So<space>towns<space>can<space>really<space>adopt<space>it<space>on<space>a<space>stream<space>level.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2877.84 2.24 There<space>needs<space>to<space>be<space>a<space>faster<space>way<space>to<space>get<space>to<space>that<space>information.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2880.08 1.28 And<space>I<space>don't<space>know<space>if<space>there's<space>been<space>much<space>progress<space>on<space>that.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2881.36 2.72 Huntington<space>has<space>done<space>a<space>study<space>environmental,<space>did<space>a<space>study<space>a<space>few<space>years<space>back.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2884.56 21.36 It<space>was<space>pre<space>Irene<space>and<space>Irene,<space>both<space>fortunately<space>and<space>unfortunately<space>was<space>a<space>great<space>seller<space>of<space>the<space>importance<space>of<space>protecting<space>fluvial<space>erosion<space>hazard<space>zone.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2906.08 9.44 Well,<space>they<space>probably<space>did<space>it<space>under<space>the<space>existing<space>geomorphic<space>program,<space>if<space>they<space>did<space>it.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2915.60 2.40 Yes,<space>they<space>did<space>-<space>Three,<space>four<space>years<space>ago.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2918.00 4.08 And<space>Richmond<space>also<space>had<space>maps<space>done,<space>fluvial<space>erosion<space>maps<space>done<space>at<space>that<space>time.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2922.08 2.72 Yeah,<space>I<space>know<space>that<space>was<space>one<space>of<space>the<space>concerns.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2925.28 2.32 A<space>lot<space>of<space>the<space>Manooski's<space>been<space>done.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2927.60 8.96 We<space>were<space>involved<space>with<space>a<space>lot<space>of<space>that,<space>not<space>either<space>of<space>those,<space>but<space>more<space>in<space>the<space>upper<space>part<space>of<space>Winooski,<space>but<space>I<space>know<space>there<space>were<space>concerns<space>in<space>the<space>Southern<space>part<space>of<space>the<space>State<space>that<space>they<space>didn't<space>have<space>as<space>much<space>data<space>captured.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2936.56 12.96 So<space>even<space>if<space>towns<space>wanted<space>to<space>create<space>these<space>zones,<space>they<space>didn't<space>necessarily<space>have,<space>I<space>mean,<space>they<space>could<space>still<space>create<space>an<space>exclusion<space>zone,<space>but<space>whether<space>or<space>not<space>it<space>was<space>sort<space>of<space>based<space>on<space>the<space>science<space>of<space>understanding<space>what<space>the<space>river<space>was<space>going<space>to<space>do.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2949.52 4.00 They<space>didn't<space>necessarily<space>have<space>that<space>data<space>at<space>hand.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2959.52 1.92 Well,<space>thank<space>you<space>all<space>for<space>coming.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2961.60 1.36 I<space>do<space>have<space>some<space>publications.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2962.96 5.36 I<space>do<space>have<space>a<space>copy<space>of,<space>this<space>is<space>the<space>publication<space>that<space>this<space>is<space>based<space>on.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2968.48 11.28 And<space>this<space>is<space>just<space>a<space>little<space>bit<space>about<space>the<space>Friends<space>and<space>then<space>a<space>couple<space>other<space>things<space>here,<space>and<space>you<space>can<space>just<space>take<space>them.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2981.28 4.56 This<space>is<space>a<space>publication<space>by<space>the<space>State,<space>it<space>doesn't,<space>it<space>has,<space>I<space>think<space>a<space>horrible<space>name.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2985.84 3.92 It's<space>called<space>Vermont<space>Low<space>Impact<space>Development<space>guide<space>for<space>residential<space>and<space>small<space>sites.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 2989.76 11.52 Basically<space>what<space>it<space>is,<space>is<space>his<space>techniques<space>that<space>you<space>can<space>use<space>around<space>your<space>home,<space>or<space>another<space>smaller<space>property<space>to<space>manage<space>stormwater.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 3001.28 5.92 Talks<space>about<space>everything,<space>from<space>rain<space>barrels<space>and<space>cisterns,<space>to<space>rain<space>gardens<space>and<space>vegetated<space>swales.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 3008.64 10.32 I<space>know<space>they're<space>looking<space>to<space>reprint<space>this<space>once<space>we<space>can<space>give<space>these<space>all<space>away<space>and<space>I<space>told<space>them,<space>you've<space>gotta<space>have<space>a<space>catchier<space>title<space>than<space>that.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 3019.68 14.16 And<space>then,<space>this<space>is<space>something<space>that<space>was<space>just<space>produced<space>by<space>the<space>Vermont<space>River<space>Conservancy,<space>which<space>is<space>really<space>a<space>series<space>of<space>essays<space>on<space>different<space>aspects<space>of<space>rivers<space>management<space>and<space>understanding<space>rivers.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 3033.92 1.20 So<space>feel<space>free.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 3036.24 4.80 Vermont<space>River<space>Conservancy<space>or-<space>-<space>I'm<space>sorry,<space>Vermont<space>Natural<space>Resources<space>Council.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 3041.28 1.12 I<space>worked<space>with<space>both<space>of<space>them.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 3042.64 2.56 Sorry<space>I<space>got<space>interchangeable<space>there.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 3046.56 1.28 -<space>Yeah,<space>it<space>is.
Living_in_Harmony_with_Streams_-_Science_to_Action 1 3050.56 11.92 Well,<space>thank<space>you<space>so<space>much<space>Ann.