Please choose the correct answer to the question: A forest was cleared for the building of a resort, but before construction began, secondary succession set in. Which of these describes why secondary succession appeared so rapidly?

Answer1: The clearing allowed mosses to grow quickly. Answer2: Rock weathering occurred for lichens to grow. Answer3: Exposed substrates allowed microbes to grow. Answer4: The soil components remained for plants to grow.

Answer format: answer1/answer2/answer3/answer4
Answer: answer4