Windblume Ode (Codeforces 1583A)
Tags: Math, number theory

A bow adorned with nameless flowers that bears the earnest hopes of an equally nameless person.You have obtained the elegant bow known as the Windblume Ode. Inscribed in the weapon is an array of $$$n$$$ ($$$n \ge 3$$$) positive distinct integers (i.e. different, no duplicates are allowed).Find the largest subset (i.e. having the maximum number of elements) of this array such that its sum is a composite number. A positive integer $$$x$$$ is called composite if there exists a positive integer $$$y$$$ such that $$$1 < y < x$$$ and $$$x$$$ is divisible by $$$y$$$.If there are multiple subsets with this largest size with the composite sum, you can output any of them. It can be proven that under the constraints of the problem such a non-empty subset always exists.

Input: Each test consists of multiple test cases. The first line contains the number of test cases $$$t$$$ ($$$1 \le t \le 100$$$). Description of the test cases follows.The first line of each test case contains an integer $$$n$$$ ($$$3 \leq n \leq 100$$$) — the length of the array.The second line of each test case contains $$$n$$$ distinct integers $$$a_{1},a_{2},\dots,a_{n}$$$ ($$$1 \leq a_{i} \leq 200$$$) — the elements of the array.

Output: Each test case should have two lines of output.The first line should contain a single integer $$$x$$$: the size of the largest subset with composite sum. The next line should contain $$$x$$$ space separated integers representing the indices of the subset of the initial array.

Note: In the first test case, the subset $$$\{a_2, a_1\}$$$ has a sum of $$$9$$$, which is a composite number. The only subset of size $$$3$$$ has a prime sum equal to $$$11$$$. Note that you could also have selected the subset $$$\{a_1, a_3\}$$$ with sum $$$8 + 2 = 10$$$, which is composite as it's divisible by $$$2$$$.In the second test case, the sum of all elements equals to $$$21$$$, which is a composite number. Here we simply take the whole array as our subset.

Sample Inputs:
4
3
8 1 2
4
6 9 4 2
9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
3
200 199 198

Sample Outputs:
2
2 1
4
2 1 4 3
9
6 9 1 2 3 4 5 7 8
3
1 2 3

Solution (Python):
import math

def is_prime_with_math(number):
    if number <= 1:
        return False
    if number <= 3:
        return True
    if number % 2 == 0 or number % 3 == 0:
        return False
    for i in range(5, int(math.sqrt(number)) + 1, 6):
        if number % i == 0 or number % (i + 2) == 0:
            return False
    return True
for i in range(int(input())):
    n = int(input())
    A = list(map(int, input().split()))
    sum1 = 0
    k = 1
    for i in range(n):
        sum1 = sum1 + A[i]
    if is_prime_with_math(sum1):
        Q = []
        print(n - 1)
        for K in range(n):
            if A[K] % 2 != 0:
                break
        for L in range(n):
            if L != K:
                Q.append(L + 1)
        print(*Q)
    else:
        Q = []
        print(n)
        for j in range(n):
            Q.append(j + 1)
        print(*Q)

Solution (Python):
def is_prime(n):
    if n <= 1:
        return False
    if n <= 3:
        return True
    if n % 2 == 0 or n % 3 == 0:
        return False
    i = 5
    while i * i <= n:
        if n % i == 0 or n % (i + 2) == 0:
            return False
        i += 6
    return True
t = int(input())
while t > 0:
    t -= 1
    n = int(input())
    a = list(map(int, input().split()))
    if is_prime(sum(a)) is False:
        print(n)
        for i in range(1, n):
            print(i, end=' ')
        print(n)
    else:
        d = 0
        for i in range(0, n + 1):
            if a[i] % 2 == 1:
                d = i + 1
                print(n - 1)
                if n != d and d != 1:
                    for j in range(1, d):
                        print(j, end=' ')
                    for k in range(d + 1, n):
                        print(k, end=' ')
                    print(n)
                elif n == d and d != 1:
                    for l in range(1, n - 1):
                        print(l, end=' ')
                    print(n - 1)
                elif d == 1:
                    for i in range(2, n):
                        print(i, end=' ')
                    print(n)
                break

Solution (Python):
import math

def isprime(n):
    root = math.sqrt(n)
    for i in range(2, int(root) + 1):
        if n % i == 0:
            return False
    return True
n = int(input())
for i in range(n):
    size = input()
    s = input().rstrip()
    arr = s.split()
    sum = 0
    for num in arr:
        sum += int(num)
    x = -1
    if isprime(sum):
        x = 0
        while int(arr[x]) % 2 == 0:
            x += 1
    if x == -1:
        print(len(arr))
    else:
        print(len(arr) - 1)
    for fuck in range(len(arr)):
        if fuck != x:
            print(str(fuck + 1) + ' ', end='')
    print('')