Monoliidi harutamise ehk piltlikult öeldes mikroväljakaevamiste esimene etapp
English: Barlaston II, Staffordshire - catalogue by Eleanor Ghey 1166 radiates to AD 276 or later Circumstances of discovery Found with the aid of a metal detector, 13-20th May 2016. The same finder discovered Barlaston I in 2015, a previously reported find of coins of the same period (BM ref.: 2015 T731; PAS ID: WMID-225242) found 4m away. The finder alerted the Finds Liaison Officer to the presence of the second hoard and it was block lifted by the FLO and the County Archaeologist. The contents of the hoard were excavated in the British Museum conservation laboratory by Pingfang Wang, UCL student, under supervision of Duygu Camurcuoglu and Pippa Pearce. The coins were removed from the pot in 8 layers and the contents of these and two groups from the scatter outside the pot were sorted by emperor to assess whether there was any stratification of the coins within the pot (a summary is on the PAS database record). However no significance was found in the numismatic composition of these layers and they have therefore been catalogued as one homogenous group. The coins were then cleaned in the Department of Conservation at the British Museum to facilitate identification. A photographic record of the removal of the coins from their pottery container in the BM lab is available on the PAS online record (WMID-04F0EB). The hoard was contained in the base of a greyware vessel. It was not possible to examine this in detail as it had not been cleaned but it seems to be a wheel-made ware with a slight foot pedestal. There are wire marks on the base and some incised lines around the foot. The interior is ridged and the exterior is smooth. It has a base diameter of 103.9 mm. The vessel only survives up to 71mm in height. The coins Although the bulk of the hoard dates to the reign of the Tetrici (AD 271-4), the latest coin is an ancient forgery of an issue of the emperor Florian (AD 276) with a reverse prototype associated with Tetricus II. Despite the fact that there are no other datable post AD 274 coins in the hoard this would seem to suggest that the hoard was deposited after the reforms of the coinage by Aurelian but at a time when the reformed coinage was rare (or alternatively, that the coins were discarded due to their reduced value). There are however relatively few irregular radiates in the hoard (and few copies of the coins of Divus Claudius) and it contains a relatively high proportion of coins with good silver content. This hoard is likely to be related to another hoard with a tpq of AD 276 found in the Barlaston area (2015 T731). This hoard of 2014 radiates and one denarius was found in a globular urn and is dated by a coin issued by Probus at Lyon, Bastien series 2 (AD 276). The proportions of coins in the two hoards do not differ greatly, although Barlaston II has a higher percentage of coins of Postumus and Victorinus and lower percentage of coins of the Tetrici compared to Barlaston I. Radiate hoards are not commonly found in Staffordshire. The Lightwood hoard from Longton, Stoke-on-Trent (IARCH-987D86), was of similar date, ending in the reign of Probus (latest coin AD 276-7). It contained 2,461 radiates and copies as well as three silver bracelets. A small hoard of 73 radiates is recorded from Acton Trussell and Bednall (2005T542, IARCH-E66024), and there is a nineteenth century record of an unspecified number of radiates found near Leek (Robertson 2000, 124 no. 543, IARCH-8DB132). A small group of radiates (also dating to Reece period 14) has recently been found at Eccleshall WMID-485295. Summary: Central empire Gordian III, AD 238-244 1 Philip I, AD 244-9 1 Valerian and Gallienus, AD 253-260 Valerian I 11 Gallienus 11 Salonina 5 Valerian II 1 Saloninus 1 Gallienus, AD 260-68 155 Salonina 20 Claudius II, AD 268-70 139 Divus Claudius II 4 Quintillus 16 Gallic empire Postumus, AD 260-8 124 Laelian 1 Marius 7 Victorinus (AD 269-71) 340 Divus Victorinus 2 Tetricus I (AD 271-4) 207 Tetricus II 70 Uncertain Gallic empire 11 Irregular 30 Uncertain emperor (inc. frags) 9 Total 1166 CATALOGUE CENTRAL EMPIRE (365) GORDIAN III Rome (1) (1): IMP GORDIANVS PIVS FEL AVG <tbody></tbody> No. Reverse Bust m.-m. Cunetio RIC Qty. P M TR P IIII COS II P P (Emperor II) D2 - 282 92 1 PHILIP I Rome (1) (1): IMP M IVL PHILIPPVS AVG <tbody></tbody> No. Reverse Bust m.-m. Cunetio RIC Qty. P M TR P IIII COS II P P (Felicitas I) D2 - 297 4 1 VALERIAN & GALLIENUS (joint reign) (29) Rome (19) 1st series (2): IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS AVG <tbody></tbody> No. Reverse Bust m.-m. Cunetio RIC Qty. VICTORIA AVGG (Victory 1) D1 - 447 125 1 CONCORDIA AVGG (Concordia 2) D1 - - 80 1<a href="#_ftn1" title="">[1]</a> 1st series (4): IMP C P LIC GALLIENVS AVG <tbody></tbody> No. Reverse Bust m.-m. Cunetio RIC Qty. IOVI CONSERVA (Jupiter 1) B1 - 545 143 1 IOVI CONSERVAT (Jupiter 1) D2 - 544 var. 143 1 VIRTVS AVGG (Virtus 1) D2 - 548 181 2 1st series (3): SALONINA AVG <tbody></tbody> No. Reverse Bust m.-m. Cunetio RIC Qty. IVNO REGINA (Juno 1) E2 - 651 29 2 PIETAS AVGG (Pietas 3) E2 - 655 35 1 2nd series (6): IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS P F AVG <tbody></tbody> No. Reverse Bust m.-m. Cunetio RIC Qty. APOLINI CONSERVA (Apollo 2) D1 468 72 1 FELICITAS AVGG (Felicitas 1) D1 469 87 2 FIDES MILITVM (Fides 1) D1 471 90 2 ORIENS AVGG (Sol 2) D1 485 106 1 2nd series (1): IMP C P LIC GALLIENVS P F AVG <tbody></tbody> No. Reverse Bust m.-m. Cunetio RIC Qty. PROVIDENTIA AVGG B1 - 570 162 1 3rd series mule with 2nd series reverse type (1): IMP VALERIANVS AVG <tbody></tbody> No. Reverse Bust m.-m. Cunetio RIC Qty. FELICITAS AVGG (Felicitas 1) D1 - 519 - 1 3rd series (1): IMP GALLIENVS P F AVG GERM <tbody></tbody> No. Reverse Bust m.-m. Cunetio RIC Qty. VIRTVS AVGG (Virtus 2) B1 - 599 186 1 (1): LIC COR SAL VALERIANVS N CAES <tbody></tbody> No. Reverse Bust m.-m. Cunetio RIC Qty. PRINC IVVENT (Prince 3 or 3a) C2 - 698 27 1 Gaul (7) (1):VALERIANVS.P.F.AVG <tbody></tbody> No. Reverse Bust m.-m. Cunetio RIC Qty. ORIENS AVGG (Sol 3) D1 - 708 12 1 (4):GALLIENVS.P.F.AVG <tbody></tbody> No. Reverse Bust m.-m. Cunetio RIC Qty. ORIENS AVGG (Sol 2) D1 - - - 1<a href="#_ftn2" title="">[2]</a> FIDES MILITVM (Eagle standing on globe between two standards) G1l. - - 15 1 GERMANICVS MAX V (Trophy 1b) G1l. - 716 18 1 VICT [GERMANICA] (Victory 4a) B1 - 724 44 1 (2): SALONINA AVG <tbody></tbody> No. Reverse Bust m.-m. Cunetio RIC Qty. FELICITAS PVBLICA (Felicitas 3) E2 - 732 97 1 VENVS FELIX (Venus 3) E2 - 733 60 1 Viminacium (2) 2nd series (1): IMP GALLIENVS P AVG <tbody></tbody> No. Reverse Bust m.-m. Cunetio RIC Qty. [SALVS] AVGG (Salus 2) B1 - 775 397 1 (1): P LIC VALERIANVS CAES <tbody></tbody> No. Reverse Bust m.-m. Cunetio RIC Qty. PIETAS AVGG (Sacrificial instruments 1c) C2 - 794 19 1 Uncertain mint (1) (1): IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS AVG <tbody></tbody> No. Reverse Bust m.-m. Cunetio RIC Qty. VICTORIA AVGG (Victory 1) D2 - 447 var. / 810 var. 123 / 224 1<a href="#_ftn3" title="">[3]</a> GALLIENUS & SALONINA (175) Rome (122) 1st and 2nd series (1): SALONINA AVG <tbody></tbody> No. Reverse Bust m.-m. Cunetio RIC Qty. PVDICITIA (Pudicitia 1) E2 VI 990 25 1 2nd series (8): GALLIENVS AVG <tbody></tbody> No. Reverse Bust m.-m. Cunetio RIC Qty. VIRTVS AVG (Virtus 5) A1 - P//- 921 317 3 VIRTVS AVG (Virtus 5) B1 - P//- 923 317 1 IOVI VLTORI (Jupiter 5) A1 S -//- 936 221 1 PAX AVG (Pax 1) A1 V -//- 963 256 2 PAX AVG (Pax 1) B1 V -//- 965 256 1 2nd, 3rd or 5th series (1): GALLIENVS AVG <tbody></tbody> No. Reverse Bust m.-m. Cunetio RIC Qty. PAX AVG (Pax 1) A1 - -//- 1009 Cf 156 1 3rd series (8): GALLIENVS AVG <tbody></tbody> No. Reverse Bust m.-m. Cunetio RIC Qty. LIBERAL AVG (Liberalitas 1) B1 ? 1031 227 1 PAX AVG (Pax 1) A1 T -//- 1039 256 1 PAX AVG (Pax 1) B1 T -//- 1041 256 1 PAX AVG (Pax 1) B1 - T //- 1044 256 1 LAETITIA AVG (Laetitia 1) Z - V //- 1075 226 1 AEQVITAS AVG (Aequitas 1) A1 - -//- 1085 159 2 VIRTVS AVG (Virtus 1) B1 - VI //- 1089 325 1 3rd (1): SALONINA AVG <tbody></tbody> No. Reverse Bust m.-m. Cunetio RIC Qty. PVDICITIA AVG (Pudicitia 2) E2 - -//- 1110 24 1 4th series (1): GALLIENVS AVG <tbody></tbody> No. Reverse Bust m.-m. Cunetio RIC Qty. PAX PVBLICA (Pax 5) B1 - -//V 1133 260 1 4th series(1): SALONINA AVG <tbody></tbody> No. Reverse Bust m.-m. Cunetio RIC Qty. CONCORD AET (Concordia 1) E2 R[.] Cf 1145 2 1 5th series (56): GALLIENVS AVG <tbody></tbody> No. Reverse Bust m.-m. Cunetio RIC Qty. MARTI PACIFERO A1 A-//- 1149 236 6 MARTI PACIFERO B1 A-//- 1150 236 1 MARTI PACIFERO A1 ? 1155 236 1 MARTI PACIFERO A1 - -//- 1156 236 1 ABVNDANTIA AVG (Abundantia 1) A1 B-//- 1159 157 3 AB[VNDANTIA AVG] (Abundantia 1) A1 ? 1166 Cf 157 1<a href="#_ftn4" title="">[4]</a> AETERNITAS AVG (Sol 2) A1 Γ-//- 1169 160 6 AETERNITAS AVG (Sol 2) B1 Γ-//- 1171 160 1 AETERNITAS AVG (Sol 2) A1 - -//- 1174 160 1 VBERITAS AVG (Uberitas 1) A1 - ϵ//- 1200 287 var. 3 VBERITAS AVG (Uberitas 1) A1 - -//- 1208 287 var. 2 FORTVNA REDVX (Fortuna 2) A1 - ς//- 1215 cf. 193 6 FORTVNA REDVX (Fortuna 2) A1 - -//- 1222 cf. 193 1 IOVI STATOR (Jupiter 2) A1 - -//- 1228 216 1 ORIENS AVG (Sol 3) A1 Z -//- 1230 249 2 VICTORIA AET (Victory 1) A1 Z -//- 1238 297 2 VICTORIA AET (Victory 1) A1 - -//- 1242 297 2 SECVRIT PERPET (Securitas 2) A1 - H//- 1246 280 4<a href="#_ftn5" title="">[5]</a> FIDES MILITVM (Fides 3) A1 - -//- 1266 Cf 192a 2 IOVI CONSERVAT (Jupiter 1) A1 - N//- 1271 Cf 210 3 PROVID AVG (Providentia 2) A1 - X//- 1275 267 1 INDVLGENTIA AVG (Indulgentia 2) B1 - XI//- 1285 206 1 IOVI PROPVGNAT (Jupiter 2) A1 XI -//- 1289 214 2 IOVI PROPVGNAT (Jupiter 2) A1 - -//- 1291 Cf 214 2 LIBERTAS AVG (Libertas 1a) A1 - XI//- 1292 233 1 5th series (3 ): IMP GALLIENVS AVG <tbody></tbody> No. Reverse Bust m.-m. Cunetio RIC Qty. PAX AETERNA AVG (Pax 1) A1 Δ -//- 1181 252 2 VBERITAS AVG (Uberitas 1) A1 - ϵ//- 1198 Cf 287 1 5th series(1): COR SALONINA AVG <tbody></tbody> No. Reverse Bust m.-m. Cunetio RIC Qty. FECVNDITAS AVG (Fecunditas 1) E2 - Δ//- 1315 5a 1 5th series(2): SALONINA AVG <tbody></tbody> No. Reverse Bust m.-m. Cunetio RIC Qty. VENVS VICTRIX (Venus 2) E2 - H//- 1321 Cf 31 1 VENVS FELIX (Venus 7) E2 - 1323 Cf 65 1 6th series (34): GALLIENVS AVG <tbody></tbody> No. Reverse Bust m.-m. Cunetio RIC Qty. SOLI CONS AVG (Winged horse 2) A1 - - //A 1337 283 4 LIBERO P CONS AVG (Tigress 1) A1 - - //B 1341 230 3 DIANAE CONS AVG (Antelope 1) A1 - - // Γ 1344 Cf 181 2 DIANAE CONS AVG (Antelope 1) A1 - - // [.] Cf 1344 Cf 181 1<a href="#_ftn6" title="">[6]</a> DIANAE CONS AVG (Doe 1) A1 - - // ϵ 1361 177 1 IOVI CONS AVG (Goat 1) A1 - -// ς 1368 207 1<a href="#_ftn7" title="">[7]</a> IOVI CONS AVG (Goat 2) A1 - -// ς 1375 207 1 APOLLINI CONS AVG (Centaur 2) A1 - - //Z 1378 163 2 APOLLINI CONS AVG (Centaur 1) A1 - - //H 1386 164 1 NEPTVNO CONS AVG (Hippocamp 1) A1 - - //N 1392 245 5 DIANAE CONS AVG (Stag 1) A1 - - //X 1397 179 3 DIANAE CONS AVG (Gazelle 2) A1 - - //XI 1401 181 2 DIANAE CONS AVG (Gazelle 2) D1 - - //XI 1402 181 1 DIANAE CONS AVG (Gazelle 1) A1 - - //XII 1408 181 4 DIANAE CONS AVG (Uncertain antelope l.) A1 - - // [.] 1417 - 2 [] CONS AVG (Uncertain animal l.) A1 - - // [.] - - 1 6th series (2): IMP GALLIENVS AVG <tbody></tbody> No. Reverse Bust m.-m. Cunetio RIC Qty. APOLLINI CONS AVG (Griffin 1) A1 - - // Δ 1348 165 1 DIANAE CONS AVG (Doe 1) A1 - - // [.] Cf 1357 176 1 6th series (1): [] GALLIENVS AVG <tbody></tbody> No. Reverse Bust m.-m. Cunetio RIC Qty. SOLI CONS AVG (Winged horse 2) A1 - - //A 1336/7 282/3 1 6th series(2): COR SALONINA AVG <tbody></tbody> No. Reverse Bust m.-m. Cunetio RIC Qty. IVNONI CONS AVG (Capreolus 1) E2 - -//Δ 1418 16 2 Milan (35) 2nd series (1): GALLIENVS AVG <tbody></tbody> No. Reverse Bust m.-m. Cunetio RIC Qty. MARTI PACIFER (Mars 1b) A3 - 1518 var. 492 1 3rd series (8): GALLIENVS AVG <tbody></tbody> No. Reverse Bust m.-m. Cunetio RIC Qty. APOLLO CONSER (Apollo 5) A1 - 1574 468 1 VIRTVS AVG (Virtus 1) A1 - 1577 Cf 534 1 AEQVITAS AVG (Aequitas 1) A1 - 1591 Cf 464 1 LAETITIA AVG (Laetitia 1) A1 - 1596 Cf 489 1 ORIENS AVG (Sol 2) A1 - 1602 495 1 VIRTVS AVG (Virtus 1) A1 - 1605 534 3 3rd series (3): SALONINA AVG <tbody></tbody> No. Reverse Bust m.-m. Cunetio RIC Qty. VENVS FELIX (Venus 7) E2 - 1590 Cf 65 1 FELICIT PVBL (Felicitas 4) E2 - 1608 61 2 4th series (1): GALLIENVS AVG <tbody></tbody> No. Reverse Bust m.-m. Cunetio RIC Qty. ORIENS AVG (Sol 1) A3 - -//P 1619 494 1 4th series (2): SALONINA AVG <tbody></tbody> No. Reverse Bust m.-m. Cunetio RIC Qty. PIETAS AVG (Pietas 2) E2 - 1637 - 2 5th series (3): GALLIENVS AVG <tbody></tbody> No. Reverse Bust m.-m. Cunetio RIC Qty. PIETAS AVG (Pietas 1a) A1 - -//P 1656 507 1 INDVLG AVG (Indulgentia 3) A1 S -//- 1657 Cf 485 1 PIETAS AVG (Pietas 1a) A1 - -//S 1663 var. 507 1 5th series (1): SALONINA AVG <tbody></tbody> No. Reverse Bust m.-m. Cunetio RIC Qty. VESTA FELIX (Vesta 2) E2 - S//- 1684 69 1 6th series (1): IMP GALLIENVS P F AVG <tbody></tbody> No. Reverse Bust m.-m. Cunetio RIC Qty. P M TR P VII COS (Emperor 3a) A3 - 1706 var. 455 1 6th series (1): SALONINA AVG <tbody></tbody> No. Reverse Bust m.-m. Cunetio RIC Qty. AVG IN PACE (Empress 1) E2 - 1712 58 1 7th series (3): IMP GALLIENVS AVG <tbody></tbody> No. Reverse Bust m.-m. Cunetio RIC Qty. SALVS AVG (Aesculpius 1) A1 //MP 1727 Cf 511 1 FORT REDVX (Fortuna 1a) A1 //MS 1734 483 1 PROVID AVG (Providentia 2b) A1 //[MT] 1738 509a 1 7th series (1): IMP GALLIENVS P F AVG <tbody></tbody> No. Reverse Bust m.-m. Cunetio RIC Qty. P M TR P VII COS (Emperor 3a) A1 //MS 1752 Cf 455 1 7th series (2): CORN SALONINA AVG <tbody></tbody> No. Reverse Bust m.-m. Cunetio RIC Qty. AVG IN PACE (Empress 1) E2 //MS 1763 Cf 57 2 7th series (1): SALONINA AVG <tbody></tbody> No. Reverse Bust m.-m. Cunetio RIC Qty. AVG IN PACE (Empress 1) E2 //MS 1765 58 1 8th series (5): GALLIENVS AVG <tbody></tbody> No. Reverse Bust m.-m. Cunetio RIC Qty. PROVID AVG (Providentia 1) A1 //MP 1770 508a 2 AETERN AVG (Sol 2 or 6?) A1 //MT 1778/9 465a 1 BON EVEN AVG (Genius 2) A1 //MT 1780 Cf 470 2 8th series (1): SALONINA AVG <tbody></tbody> No. Reverse Bust m.-m. Cunetio RIC Qty. [IVNO AVG] (Juno 3) E2 //M[S] 1785 62 1 Uncertain series (1): GALLIENVS AVG <tbody></tbody> No. Reverse Bust m.-m. Cunetio RIC Qty. Illegible (standing figure) A1 ? ? ? 1 Siscia (9) 3rd series (2): GALLIENVS AVG <tbody></tbody> No. Reverse Bust m.-m. Cunetio RIC Qty. AEQVIT AVG (Aequitas 1) A1 - -//- 1815 553 1 PROVI AVG (Providentia 2) A1 - -//- 1823 580 1 4th series (3): GALLIENVS AVG <tbody></tbody> No. Reverse Bust m.-m. Cunetio RIC Qty. PROVI AVG (Providentia 2) A1 -II//- 1833 580 3 5th series (4): GALLIENVS AVG <tbody></tbody> No. Reverse Bust m.-m. Cunetio RIC Qty. P M TR P XVI COS VII (Emperor 10) A1 - 1840 550 1 SALVS AVG (Salus 1a) D2 - 1843 581 1 FORTVNA RED (Fortuna 2) A1 - 1845 572 1 SALVS AVG (Salus 1a) A1 - P//- 1868 581 1 Antioch (1) 1st series (1): GALLIENVS P F AVG <tbody></tbody> No. Reverse Bust m.-m. Cunetio RIC Qty. VICTORIA AVG (Victory 3a) B1 - 1884 Cf 662 1 Uncertain mint (8) (1): SALONINA AVG <tbody></tbody> No. Reverse Bust m.-m. Cunetio RIC Qty. PIETAS AV[G] (Pietas 4?) E2 - -//[-] ? ? 1<a href="#_ftn8" title="">[8]</a> (3): GALLIENVS AVG <tbody></tbody> No. Reverse Bust m.-m. Cunetio RIC Qty. Illegible (standing figure) A1 ? ? ? 2 Ilegible (possible brockage) A1 ? ? ? 1 (4): Illegible <tbody></tbody> No. Reverse Bust m.-m. Cunetio RIC Qty. FORTV[NA] (Fortuna 2) Z ? ? ? 1<a href="#_ftn9" title="">[9]</a> [AETER]NIT[AS ] (Sol 2) A1 ? ? ? 1 Illegible (standing figure) A1 ? ? ? 2