Kerlungner, photographed by William Dinwiddie in 1894, from a 1901 publication.
English: Title: Bulletin Identifier: bulletin3011907smit Year: 1901 (1900s) Authors: Smithsonian Institution. Bureau of American Ethnology Subjects: Ethnology Publisher: Washington : G. P. O. Contributing Library: Smithsonian Libraries Digitizing Sponsor: Smithsonian Libraries View Book Page: Book Viewer About This Book: Catalog Entry View All Images: All Images From Book Click here to view book online to see this illustration in context in a browseable online version of this book. Text Appearing Before Image: SUKUUK, A KINUGUMIUT ESKIMO OF ALASKA. (nELSOn) Excomminquois) seems to have been first given by Biard in 1611. It is said to come from the Abnaki EsquiiiKintsic, or from Ashkimeq, the Chippewa eqnivalent, sig- nifying 'eaters of raw flesh.' They call themselves Innit, meaning 'people.' The Eskimo constitute jihysically a distinct type. They are of medium stature, l)ut possess uncommon strength and endur- ance; their skin is light brownish yel- low with a ruddy tintontheexposed jiarts; their hands and feet are small and well formed; their eyes, like those of other American tribes, have a Mongoloid char- acter, which circumstance has induced many ethnographers to class them with the Asiatic peoples. They are character- ized by very broad faces and narrow, high noses; their heads are also exceptionally high. This type is most marked among the tribes e. of INIackenzie r. In disposi- tion the Eskimo may bedescribed as peace- able, cheerful, truthful, and honest, but exceptionally loose in sexual morality. The Eskimo have permanent settle- ments, conveniently situated for marking certain hunting and fishing grounds. In summer they hunt caribou, musk-oxen, and various birds; in winterthey live prin- cipally on sea mammals, particularly the seal. Although their houses differ with the region, they conform in the main to three types: In summer, when they travel, they occupy tents of deer or seal skins stretched on poles. Their winter dwellings are made either in shallow ex- cavations covered with turf and earth laid upon a framework of wood or whale ribs, or they are built of snow. Their clothing is of skins, and their personal adorn- ments are few. Among most tribes, how- ever, the women tattoo their faces, and some Alaskan tribes wear studs in open- ings through their cheeks. Considering their degree of culture, the Eskimo are excellent draftsmen and carvers, their de- signs usually consisting either of simple linear incisions or of animal forms exe- cuted with much life and freedom. The people about Bering strait make some use of paints. There has always been extensive inter- tribal communication. The Eskimo have an excej)tional knowledge of the geogra- phy of their country. Poetry and music l^lay an important part in their life, espe- cially in connection with their religious observances. The Eskimauan social organization is exceedingly loose. In general the village is the largest unit, although persons in- habiting a certain geographical area have sometimes taken the name of that area as a more general designation, and it is often convenient for the ethnographer to make Text Appearing After Image: kerlungner, a kinugumiut eskimo woman of alaska, (nelson) a more extended use of this native cus- tom. In matters of government each set- tlement is entirely independent, and the Note About Images Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.