Zones de vegetació en Angola. (White, 1983) La zona de Punta Albina pertany a la 13, vegetació del desert de Namib
English: Figure 30.1 Vegetation zones in Angola (from White, 1983). The present distribution of moist forest is not known.1. Guinea-Congolian rain forest: drier types, 2. Mosaic of Guinea-Congolian lowland rain forest and secondary grassland (with some Zambezian dry evergreen forest). 3. West African coastal mosaic. 4. Undifferentiated Afromonlane vegetation. 5. Wetter Zambezian miombo woodland (with some Zambezian dry evergreen forest). 6. Mosaic of Zambezian dry deciduous forest and secondary grassland. 7. Colophospermum mopane woodland and scrub woodland. 8. Undifferentiated Sudanian woodland. 9. Transition from Colophospermum mopane scrub woodland to Karoo-Namib shrubland. 10. Mosaic of Brachystegia bakeriana thicket and edaphic grassland. 11. Bushy Karoo-Namib shrubland. 12. Edaphic and secondary grassland on Kalahari sand. 13. The Namib desert. 14. Mangroves. 15. Zambezian dry evergreen forest. Title: The Conservation Atlas of Tropical Forests: Africa Identifier: conservationatla92saye (find matches) Year: 1992 (1990s) Authors: Sayer, J. A. , Harcourt, C. S. , Collins, N. M. Subjects: Publisher: IUCN Contributing Library: UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge Digitizing Sponsor: UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge View Book Page: Book Viewer About This Book: Catalog Entry View All Images: All Images From Book Click here to view book online to see this illustration in context in a browseable online version of this book. Text Appearing Before Image: Southern Africa Text Appearing After Image: Figure 30.1 Vegetation zones in Angola (from White, 1983). The present distribution of moist forest is not known.1. Guinea-Congolian rain forest: drier types, 2. Mosaic of Guinea-Congolian lowland rain forest and secondary grassland (with some Zambezian dry evergreen forest). 3. West African coastal mosaic. 4. Undifferentiated Afromonlane vegetation. 5. Wetter Zambezian miombo woodland (with some Zambezian dry evergreen forest). 6. Mosaic of Zambezian dry deciduous forest and secondary grassland. 7. Colophospermum mopane woodland and scrub woodland. 8. Undifferentiated Sudanian woodland. 9. Transition from Colophospermum mopane scrub woodland to Karoo-Namib shrubland. 10. Mosaic of Brachystegia bakeriana thicket and edaphic grassland. 11. Bushy Karoo-Namib shrubland. 12. Edaphic and secondary grassland on Kalahari sand. 13. The Namib desert. 14. Mangroves. 15. Zambezian dry evergreen forest.Montane forests are today represented by just a few isolated patches on protected slopes in the mountains of Huambo, Benguela, Cuanza Sul and Huila districts on the Bailundu Highlands. The combined area of the relicts is probably less than 2 sq. km, yet they provide sufficient habitat for the maintenance of faunal and floral communities separated by over 2000 km from their closest allies and are thus of considerable biogeographical interest. The best examples of this forest type are to be found in the Luimbale area, in particular on Mount Moco where at least 15 patches from 1 to 20 ha survived in the early 1970s (Huntley, 1974). The forests are mostly in deep ravines between 2000 m and 2500 m in altitude. The dominant trees, 10-15 m in height, include species from the genera Podocarpus, Pittosporum, Olea and Ilex.The mangrove flora in Angola is richest in the northern part of the country, particularly in Cabinda, and decreases in density and diversity towards the south, a reflection of the strong influence of the cold Benguela Current. The dominant tree of this ecosystem is Rhizophora racemosa, which often reaches 20 m in height, backed by R. harrisonii which, at least in the north, grades into Pandanus-Raphia swamps, dominated by R. hookeri and R. palma-pinus (Huntley, 1974). Estimates of the remaining surface area of mangroves range from 700 sq. km (Hughes and Hughes, 1991) to 1250 sq. km (FAO/UNEP, 1981). During the past 50 years, a substantial proportion has either been cleared or severely degraded, being regularly cut for firewood.Forest Resources and ManagementIt has not been possible to obtain recent information on the extent or the management of the forests in Angola for this Atlas. In 1980, FAO estimated that there were 29,000 sq. km of closed broadleaved forest and that the 18 forest reserves in the country covered some 18,560 sq. km (FAO/UNEP, 1981). Logging output steadily increased in Angola during the 1960s, from 258,000 cu. m in 1961 to 740,000 cu. m in 1969, but with the onset of civil war in the 1970s, decreased again to less than 200,000 cu. m. According to FAO (1991), there are no exports of logs (unprocessed or processed) from the country at present. Logging is selective, the main species exploited including Guibourtia coleosperma, Marquesia macroura, Berlinia spp., Baikiaea plurijuga and Brachystegia spiciformis. Forestry plantations in the country date back to the 1930s when Eucalyptus plantations were established to provide fuel for the Benguela railway line. Fifty years later, more than 1570 sq. km were under plantation. Threats to the forest patches in the Angolan escarpment are currently unknown other than that undergrowth in some regions has been cleared for coffee cultivation (but much of the formerly cultivated area has been abandoned and is now regenerating) and that all the sites are so small that they are permanently vulnerable to exploitation, modification and clearance (Collar and Stuart, 1988). The tiny patches of montane forest are severely threatened by the continued extraction of timber and fuelwood by the local people. Estimated rate of deforestation for closed broadleaved forest was 440 sq. km per annum (FAO/UNEP, 1981).BiodiversityAn estimated 5000 plant species are thought to occur in Angola, excluding Cabinda (Airy Shaw, 1947; Davis et al., 1986). The country's high level of species endemism – 1260 plant species – ranks it second in Africa after Zaire. Most of the endemics are in the highland and escarpment zones (Stuart et al., 1990).With 275 mammal species recorded in the country, Angola is one of the richest on the continent in this respect (Stuart et al., 1990). However, most of the large mammals are threatened by poaching. These include the black rhinoceros Diceros bicornis, elephant Loxodonta africana and 15 of the 26 species of antelope in the country (Estes, 1990; Stuart et al., 1990). Angola is the only country in which the giant sable antelope Hippotragus niger variani occurs. Forest primates recorded in Angola include the chimpanzee Pan troglodytes, gorilla Gorilla gorilla, the endemic black-nosed monkey Cercopithecus ascanius atrinasus and a rare and distinctive subspecies of the black mangabey Cercocebus aterrimus opdenboschi which is known only from the gallery forests of northern Angola and an adjacent part of Zaire (Stuart et al., 1990). Angola has a diverse avifauna, with 872 species of birds listed for the country;' (Stuart et al., 1990). The forests of the Angolan 252 Note About Images Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.