Figure 3: Following invasion by a number of obligate intracellular parasites, increases in interferon gamma lead to the increased synthesis of IRGs. The specific context and localization of the activated IRGs can lead to activation of several integrated cellular pathways resulting in either colonization of the host cell, death of the parasite, and / or death of the infected cell via one of the cell death pathways. A number of pathogens may also have effector molecules which can affect the activation of the cellular processes downstream of IRG activation.
Under the acellular culture condition, the protozoa transforms into the form of promastigote, a flagellated and elongated morphology seen in the mid-gut of the vector. Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a benign, self-limiting infection caused by leishmanian parasites. Regarding the visceral leishmaniasis (kala azar), refer to case 50. English: Trypanosoma forms in blood smear from patient with African trypanosomiasis. Trypanosoma forms in blood smear from patient with African trypanosomiasis. Parasite. Deutsch: Nachweis von Trypanosoma cruzi. Français : Trypanosoma cruzi, découvert par Carlos Chagas. Trypanosoma cruzi crithidia (Euglenozoa, Trypanosomatidae). Trypanosoma cruzi. Polski: Świdrowce Trypanosoma cruzi w rozmazie krwi pacjenta z chorobą Chagasa. 日本語: ギムザ染色によって赤く染まったシャーガス病（チャガス病）の病原体・トリパノゾーマ. Trypanosoma cruzi. ギムザ染色によって赤く染まったTrypanosoma cruzi. Italiano: Photomicrograph of Giemsa-stained Trypanosoma cruzi crithidia. Fonte: CDC. Nederlands: Giemsa-kleuring van Trypanosoma cruzi crithidia. Português: Trypanosoma cruzi. Español: Trypanosoma cruzi protozoario causante del Mal de Chagas. Bahasa Melayu: Fotomikrograf diwarna-Giemsa Trypanosoma cruzi crithidia (CDC). Armãneashce: Trypanosoma cruzi parazite. Trypanosoma cruzi parazite. English: Electron micrograph of a flagellated Listeria monocytogenes bacterium, Magnified 41,250X. Listeria monocytogenes is the infectious agent responsible for the food borne illness Listeriosis. In the United States, an estimated 2,500 persons become seriously ill with listeriosis each year. Of these, 500 die. English: Under a high magnification of 15549x, this scanning electron micrograph (SEM) depicted some of the ultrastructural details seen in the cell-wall configuration of a number of Gram-positive Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria. As an obligate aerobic organism, M. tuberculosis can only survive in an environment containing oxygen. This bacterium ranges in length between 2-4 microns, with a width of 0.2-0.5 microns. See PHIL 9997 for a colorized version of this image. TB bacteria become active, and begin to multiply, if the immune system can't stop them from growing. The bacteria attack the body and destroy tissue. If in the lungs, the bacteria can actually create a hole in the lung tissue. Some people develop active TB disease soon after becoming infected, before their immune system can fight off the bacteria. Other people may get sick later, when their immune system becomes weak for another reason. Babies and young children often have weak immune systems. People infected with HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, have very weak immune systems. Other people can have weak immune systems, too, especially people with any of these conditions: substance abuse; diabetes mellitus; silicosis; cancer of the head or neck; leukemia or Hodgkin's disease; severe kidney disease; low body weight; certain medical treatments (such as corticosteroid treatment or organ transplants); specialized treatment for rheumatoid arthritis, or Crohn's disease. Français : Mycobacterium tuberculosis grossi 15 549 fois. Deutsch: Mycobacterium tuberculosis wie 15549x durch Elektronenmikroskop. Español: Mycobacterium tuberculosis ampliado a 15549x. 中文: 掃描電子顯微鏡下的結核桿菌. Suomi: Mycobacterium tuberculosis 15549-kertaisena suurennoksena. Čeština: Bakterie Mycobacterium tuberculosis, původce TBC. Magyar: Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 한국어: 결핵균의 전자현미경 사진. Simple English: TB bacteria, shown as 15549x larger by electron microscope. Kurdî: Girtineke elektronmîkroskobîk a bakteriyên tûberkûlozê pêk tînin. Afrikaans: 'n Skanderende mikrograaf van Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 粵語: 掃描電子顯微鏡下嘅結核桿菌. == Deutsch: Chlamydia trachomatis Einschlußkörperchen (braun) in einer McCoy-Zellkultur English: Chlamydia trachomatis inclusion bodies (brown) in a McCoy cell culture Source: CDC-PHIL http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp id#6427 (no deep link possible anymore - search for "Chlamydia trachomatis") Original description: This McCoy cell monolayer micrograph reveals a number of intracellular C. trachomatis inclusion bodies; Magnified 200X. The intracellular inclusion body represents the replication phase of the Chlamydia spp. organisms, whereupon, the reorganized reticulate body (RB) multiplies through binary fission into 100-500 new RBs, which mature into elementary bodies (EB). Content Providers(s): CDC/ Dr. E. Arum, Dr. N. Jacobs Creation Date: 1975 Copyright Restrictions: None - This image is in the public domain and thus free of any copyright restrictions. As a matter of courtesy we request that the content provider be credited and notified in any public or private usage of this image. * 02:28, 4. Mär 2005 Marcus007 700 x 459 (54770 Byte)