Кронштадтская крепость 
 (рисунок сделан примерно три года спустя после смерти генерал-лейтенанта Д. С. Заботкина)
English: Identifier: ridpathsuniversa05ridp (find matches) Title: Ridpath's Universal history : an account of the origin, primitive condition and ethnic development of the great races of mankind, and of the principal events in the evolution and progress of the civilized life among men and nations, from recent and authentic sources with a preliminary inquiry on the time, place and manner of the beginning Year: 1897 (1890s) Authors: Ridpath, John Clark, 1840-1900 Subjects: World history Publisher: Cincinnati : Jones Contributing Library: University of Pittsburgh Library System Digitizing Sponsor: Lyrasis Members and Sloan Foundation View Book Page: Book Viewer About This Book: Catalog Entry View All Images: All Images From Book Click here to view book online to see this illustration in context in a browseable online version of this book. Text Appearing Before Image: ternal trade. It belongs to general history to trace tion from preexisting conditions. It ishardly within the range of rational state-ment for the historian or ethnographerto speak of unnatural circumstances inthe development of the social and politi-cal life of man. The Russian government preserves inEurope that personal and autocratic 160 GREAT RACES OF JJAXKLXP. aspect which belonged of old to all forms of government Avhatsoever. It shows forth the czar as an ab- Philosophy of the czars place solute monarch, imperson-mcivi socie y. ^^;j^g. ^;-^g state and ruling bv his own right. He represents theadministrati(.)n of auth()rity over all theRussians. In him are united the con- theoreticallv, execute his will. By himthe ministirs arc named and investedwith their several rights and functions.The czar even interprets for the officersof his government the sense of the law,and the interpretation, even as againstthe letter of the law, must be accepted.Looking more attentively at this great Text Appearing After Image: RUSSIAN COMMERCE.—Roadstead of Kkonstadt.—Drawn by De la Charlerie. verging lines of legislative, executive,and judicial power. If constitution asapplied to government is to be definedas the aggregate of those principles andrules of conduct bv which the ofoverninofpower is restrained and confined to cer-tain methods of activity, then it may betruly said that Russia has no constitutionat all. All the councils and ministersand bureaus, as well as the legislativebodies, look up to the czar and, at least autocracy, we note its principal organs.These, after the czar himself, consist offour great councils. The , ... The four great first is the Ministerial councils and ^ .- ,, 1 ,1 their functions. Council; the second, theImperial Council; the third, the vSenate ;and the fourth, the Holy Synod. Thefirst of these bodies is composed of acommittee of the various appointed min-isters. The Imperial Council consultswith the czar in the formulation of the THE SLAVS.—CiriL /NS77TUTIOAS. 161 KA Note About Images Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.