fschieber/wit-captions huggingface dataset:
Да би се решила једнаџба трећег степена 
  
    
      
        
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            2
          
        
      
    
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 + 
  
    
      
        
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            2
          
        
      
    
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x = b, Хаииам је конструисао параболу 
  
    
      
        
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            2
          
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle x^{2}}
  
= аи, круг пречника 
  
    
      
        b
        
          /
        
        
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            2
          
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle b/a^{2}}
  
 и вертикалну линију кроз тачку пресека. Решење је дато дужином сегмента хоризонталне линије од извора до пресека вертикалне линије и x-осе.
Various hour angles are depicted here. The symbol ♈ is the vernal equinox direction. 
Assuming the day of the year is the March equinox: the Sun lies toward the grey arrow, the star marked by a green arrow will appear to rise somewhere in the east about midnight (the Earth drawn from "above" turns anticlockwise). After the observer reaches the green arrow dawn comes over-powering (see blue sky Rayleigh scattering) the star's light about six hours before it sets on the western horizon. The Right ascension of the star is about 18h. 18h means it is a March early-hours star and in blue sky in the morning. If 12h RA, the star would be a March all-night star as opposite the March equinox. If 6h RA the star would be a March late-hours star, at its high (meridian) at dusk.
Diagram showing the Earth with angles identified: local hour angle, Greenwich hour angle, local mean sidereal time, Greenwich mean sidereal time, and right ascension.
The physical size of the Hubble radius (solid line) as a function of the linear expansion (scale factor) of the universe. During cosmological inflation, the Hubble radius is constant. The physical wavelength of a perturbation mode (dashed line) is also shown. The plot illustrates how the perturbation mode grows larger than the horizon during cosmological inflation before coming back inside the horizon, which grows rapidly during radiation domination. If cosmological inflation had never happened, and radiation domination continued back until a gravitational singularity, then the mode would never have been inside the horizon in the very early universe, and no causal mechanism could have ensured that the universe was homogeneous on the scale of the perturbation mode.
Pasintecaj kaj estontecaj Milankoviĉ-cikloj. VSOP eblas prognozi tre precize pasintecajn kaj estontecajn orbitajn parametrojn. Ĝi bildigas la variadojn de: aksa dekliniĝo (bluo); orbita ekscentreco (verdo); perihelia longo (purpuro); precesia indico (ruĝo), kiu kune kun dekliniĝo kontrolas la sezonan ciklon de la sunradiado.[1] – Kalkulita taga averaĝa sunradiado ĉe la supro de la atmosfero (nigro), je la tago de la somera solstico ĉe latitudo de 65º N. – Bentaj foraminiferoj (malluma ruĝo) kaj – Glacikerno de la Vostok-Stacio (malluma verdo), montras dun malsamajn indikilojn de pasinteca tutmonda marnivelo kaj temperaturo, devenitaj de oceanaj sedimentoj kaj antarkta glacio respektive. La vertikala griza linio montras nunan tempon, je 2 kilojaroj A.D (jaro 2000).
Esperanto: Milankoviĉ-cikloj. Translingvigita kaj reapudskribita version de originala bildo: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MilankovitchCyclesOrbitandCoresRecaptioned.png English: Milankovitch Cycles. Translated and recaptioned version of original image: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MilankovitchCyclesOrbitandCoresRecaptioned.png
Une bataille de l'époque Sengoku. De 1467 (révolte d’Onin) à 1570 environ, le Japon est plongé dans l’anarchie la plus complète (Époque Sengoku). On se bat dans les monastères, dans les villes et les campagnes et, dans les rues de Kyôto parcourues de bandes rivales, les empereurs iront jusqu’à mendier leur nourriture. Certains clans féodaux se déclarent autonomes ; chaque seigneur s’organise dans ses fiefs, s’attache des vassaux et règne en maître sur une portion du territoire japonais. Une nouvelle catégorie sociale apparaît, celle des myôshu (« maîtres d’un lot fiscal de terres ») qui finissent par devenir de petits seigneurs. À cette époque apparaissent également les ninja (« personnes cachées »), qui résistent dans les montagnes aux opérations des condottieri.
Takeda Shingen deflects Uesugi Kenshin's stroke in a battle during the Sengoku period. Old Japanese painting.
Principle of the MST Technology:  MST is performed in thin capillaries in free solution thus providing close-to-native conditions (immobilization free in any buffer, even in complex bioliquids) and a maintenance free instrument. When performing an MST experiment, a microscopic temperature gradient is induced by an infrared laser, and TRIC as well as thermophoresis are detected. TRIC depends on the fluorophore's microenvironment, which is typically changed in binding events. Thermophoresis, the movement of the molecule in the temperature gradient, depends on three parameters that typically change upon interaction. Thus, the overall MST signal is plotted against the ligand concentration to obtain a dose-response curve, from which the binding affinity can be deduced.
English: Principle of the MST Technology
Kainops invius, dalla stessa località dell'esemplare dell'immagine precedente. Questi esemplari sono fossilizzati in modo tale da mostrare l'esoscheletro lateralmente (esemplare in alto) e sul lato ventrale (esemplare in basso); in quest'ultimo sono visibili alcuni elementi della parte ventrale del cephalon (la duplicatura del tegumento cefalico, la piastra rostrale e l'ipostomo), e del thorax (gli apodemi). Nell'esemplare superiore, in norma laterale, è visibile sul cephalon il decorso della sutura facciale proparia (sotto la regione visuale dell'occhio); l'occhio visibile sullo stesso esemplare è di tipo schizochroale. Sono ben distinguibili anche le faccette articolari delle pleure toraciche, che facilitavano l'arrotolamento dell'animale in posizione difensiva.
English: Morphology of lateral & ventral view of a Kainops invius trilobite. Text in Italian
This modified schematic shows each subunit independently binding the type I IFN ligand and recruiting the corresponding subunit.[9] The IFNAR1 and IFNAR2 binding motifs on type I IFNs are approximately 180 degrees from each other.[9] IFNAR is composed of two subunits, IFNAR1 and IFNAR2. Each IFNAR subunit contains an N-terminal ligand binding domain, a transmembrane domain, and a C-terminal intracellular tail.[9]  IFNAR1 is the low affinity subunit, with four N-terminal subdomains. Binding to type I IFN is mediated by subdomains SD1, SD2 and SD3. IFNAR1's C-terminal tail interacts with Tyk2.[7] IFNAR2 is the high affinity subunit, composed of two N-terminal subdomains. Binding to type I IFN is mediated by D1 and D2. IFNAR2's C-terminal tail interacts with JAK1.[7]
English: IFNAR binding schematic
Arms of Ludovic Stewart, 2nd Duke of Lennox and 1st Duke of Richmond: Quarterly of 4, 1&4: Arms awarded in 1427 by King Charles VII of France to Sir John Stewart of Darnley, 1st Seigneur d'Aubigny, 1st Seigneur de Concressault and 1st Comte d'Évreux, Constable of the Scottish Army in France:[1] Royal arms of France within a bordure of Bonkyll, for the arms of the de Bonkyll family of Bonkyll Castle in Scotland (whose canting arms were three buckles),[2] ancestors of Stewart of Bonkyll, ancestors of Stewart of Darnley, a junior line; 2&3: Stewart of Darnley: Arms of Stewart, Hereditary High Steward of Scotland, a bordure engrailed gules for difference; overall an inescutcheon of Lennox, Earl of Lennox, the heiress of whom was the wife of Sir John Stewart of Darnley
Fig. II. Trabeculum hepatocytorum. In funiculo ordinatis hepatocytis intra iecur forma cuboidea est. Secundum hepatocytos sanguinis vasorum endothelia fenestrata sunt. Flux sanguinis de triade portali ad venulam centralem est (vid. sagittam nigram, a sinistra ad dextram). portal field trias portalis (Glissonii)[2], portal venule venula portalis (a vena portae, colore caeruleo), hepatic arteriole arteriola hepatica (ab arteria hepatica propria, colore rubro), sinusoid vena intralobularis (colore caesio), central vein vena centralis, Kupffer cell cellula (sideralis) Kupfferi, space of Disse spatium perisinusoidale (Disse), stellate cell cellula sideralis (Ito), bile ductule ductulus biliaris (colore viridi) cum cellulis minoribus cholangiocytis epithelio (sinistra).
Nicolas Flamel - portrait du Nicolas Flamel (1893) d'Albert Poisson d’après la gravure du portail de Sainte-Geneviève-des-Ardents de l'Histoire critique de Nicolas Flamel et de Pernelle sa femme de l'abbé Villain (1761) : « Cet adepte n’est-il pas le type du véritable alchimiste, travaillant sans cesse, jamais lassé, jamais rebuté, partageant son temps entre la prière, l’étude et le laboratoire, ne désirant la science que pour elle-même, puis parvenu au but, employant la richesse acquise en de bonnes œuvres, continuant pour lui-même à vivre sobrement. Quel autre alchimiste pouvait nous offrir une vie aussi bien remplie. D’autres, Sethon, Kelley, Bacon, nous offrent une existence plus mouvementée, plus dramatique, mais moins riche en documents psychologiques[93]. »
Nicolas Flamel
Der aus dem 5. Jahrhundert v. Chr. stammende Sarkophag aus Amathous stellt ein äußerst seltenes Fundstück mit Blick auf Monumentalität und Erhaltungszustand dar. Vermutlich barg er einen der Könige von Amathous. Er zeigt an den Langseiten eine Prozession von Wagen, die von Berittenen und Fußsoldaten eskortiert werden. Der Fahrer des Wagens wird von einem Sonnenschirm geschützt, die Pferde sind reich ausgestattet. An den Schmalseiten finden sich Darstellungen der unbekleideten Astarte, die nur Schmuck trägt, dazu Bes-Figuren, Darstellungen eines altägyptischen Gottes, der nachts seine Schutzfunktion ausübt. Man bediente sich also sowohl ägyptischer als auch levantinischer Gottheiten, um die Ruhe der Verschiedenen zu schützen. (Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York)
English: Limestone sarcophagus: the Amathus sarcophagus, Sarcophagus, Amathus, 2nd quarter of the 5th century B.C.; Archaic period. Cypriot Limestone; Overall: 62 x 93 1/8 x 38 1/2in. (157.5 x 236.6 x 97.8cm) The Amathus sarcophagus, from Amathus, Cyprus, arguably the single most important object in the Cesnola Collection, is unique among ancient Cypriot sculptures in its monumentality and in the preservation of its polychromy. It probably belonged to one of the kings of Amathus. The primary scenes, on the long sides, show a procession of chariots escorted by attendants on horseback and followed by foot soldiers. The main personage is probably the driver, who is standing under a parasol in the first chariot. His horses, like the others, are richly caparisoned; his chariot resembles the others as well, except that the wheel has fewer spokes. The decoration of the short ends of the sarcophagus consists of a row of Astarte figures, nude except for their double necklaces and ear caps, and a row of Bes figures. The choice of these two deities - one Near Eastern, the other Egyptian - suggests the importance of procreation to the deceased. The figural panels are framed by a variety of vegetal ornaments, while the gabled lid once featured a pair of sphinxes and a palmette at each end. The iconography as a whole documents the thorough integration of Greek, Cypriot, and Oriental features in the middle fifth century B.C. and is a work of high quality. (Metropolitan Museum of Art, NYC)
ヒトサイトメガロウイルス（HCMV）感染によって、最終的には2通りの潜在的な方法で乳癌が発生しうる。（1）乳汁に存在するHCMV（HCMV present in milk）は、乳管に一列に並び、ほとんどの前駆物質を乳汁の成分に変換し、それらを腺腔側に輸送する、乳腺上皮細胞（mammary epthelial cells, luminal cells）に直接感染できる。その後、乳組織に存在するマクロファージ（macrophage）は、前腫瘍性の微小環境を好むHCMVに感染されうる。（2）ウイルス血症などで血中に存在するHCMVは、血中を循環する単球（monocyte）に感染できる。そのHCMVに感染した単球は、血管内皮細胞（endothelium）を通しての乳組織への遊走の際に、HCMVに感染したマクロファージ（infected macrophage）に分化しそしてウイルスを乳腺上皮細胞に輸送することができる。さらに、単球ないしはマクロファージはHCMVの主要な感染リザーバーである。HCMVは単球やマクロファージをM1ないしはM2の表現型へと分化させることができる。M1マクロファージ（M1 macrophage）はIL-6・TNF-αといった炎症誘発性サイトカインを産生し、対してM2マクロファージ（M2 macrophage）はIL-10・TGF-βといった乳癌の進行を促進できる免疫抑制因子を産生する。腫瘍の生存促進（promote tumor survival）・腫瘍生成（tumor development）によって、予後の悪い乳癌やその進行を加速させる腫瘍関連マクロファージ（tumor-associated macrophages；TAMs）は、HCMVによって優先的に活性化される。myoepithelium：筋上皮。
English: Two potential scenarios could ultimately result in breast tumor after HCMV infection. (1) HCMV that is present in the milk could directly infect the mammary epithelial cells lining the duct responsible for converting most precursors into milk constituents and transporting them to the mammary lumen. Subsequently, macrophages present in breast tissue could be also infected by HCMV favoring a protumoral microenvironment. (2) HCMV present in blood (viremia) could infect circulating monocytes. Upon migration of infected monocytes into breast tissue, HCMV-infected macrophages could transmit the virus to mammary epithelial cells. Additionally, monocytes/macrophages are regarded as a prominent reservoir of HCMV infection. HCMV infection of monocytes/macrophages can reprogram them to acquire M1/M2 characteristics. M1 macrophages secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines and M2 macrophages secrete immuno-suppressive factors that can promote the progression of breast cancer. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) that are of poor prognosis during breast cancer and fuel the progression of the disease could be preferentially activated by HCMV. 日本語: ヒトサイトメガロウイルス（HCMV）感染によって、最終的には2通りの潜在的な方法で乳癌が発生しうる。（1）乳汁に存在するHCMV（HCMV present in milk）は、乳管に一列に並び、ほとんどの前駆物質を乳汁の成分に変換し、それらを腺腔側に輸送する、乳腺上皮細胞（mammary epthelial cells, luminal cells）に直接感染できる。その後、乳組織に存在するマクロファージ（macrophage）は、前腫瘍性の微小環境を好むHCMVに感染されうる。（2）ウイルス血症などで血中に存在するHCMVは、血中を循環する単球（monocyte）に感染できる。そのHCMVに感染した単球は、血管内皮細胞（endothelium）を通しての乳組織への遊走の際に、HCMVに感染したマクロファージ（infected macrophage）に分化しそしてウイルスを乳腺上皮細胞に輸送することができる。さらに、単球ないしはマクロファージはHCMVの主要な感染リザーバーである。HCMVは単球やマクロファージをM1ないしはM2の表現型へと分化させることができる。M1マクロファージ（M1 macrophage）はIL-6・TNF-αといった炎症誘発性サイトカインを産生し、対してM2マクロファージ（M2 macrophage）はIL-10・TGF-βといった乳癌の進行を促進できる免疫抑制因子を産生する。腫瘍の生存促進（promote tumor survival）・腫瘍生成（tumor development）によって、予後の悪い乳癌やその進行を加速させる腫瘍関連マクロファージ（tumor-associated macrophages；TAMs）は、HCMVによって優先的に活性化される。myoepithelium：筋上皮。
L'empire égyptien vers 1470 av. J.-C.. Le culte impérial se développe en Égypte, le Pharaon-Dieu fusionne avec tous les grands dieux de l’Orient et de la Méditerranée, et devient le garant de la cohésion de l’Empire. Les pays vaincus sont divisés en districts administrés par un gouverneur égyptien chargé de percevoir le tribut assigné à chaque état suivant ses richesses. Ces provinces sont constituées de 110 états, principautés ou républiques urbaines, qui conservent leur autonomie de gestion, sous la pression diplomatique exercée par les représentants du roi. Thoutmosis III prend en otage les enfants des princes asiatiques subordonnés pour qu’ils reçoivent une éducation égyptienne. Des routes sont établies par les Égyptiens qui créent un véritable réseau postal.
Experimento mental de Heisenberg para localizar un electrón (representado en azul) con un microscopio de rayos gamma de alta resolución. El rayo gamma incidente (mostrado en verde) es desviado hacia arriba por el electrón dentro de la apertura angular 
  
    
      
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 del microscopio. El rayo gamma desviado se muestra en rojo. La óptica clásica demuestra que la posición del electrón solo puede determinarse con una incertidumbre 
  
    
      
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 que depende de 
  
    
      
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 y de la longitud de onda 
  
    
      
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 del rayo de luz incidente.
The Bracewell Radio Sundial on the VLA walking tour, seen from the south. Named for Ronald N. Bracewell, this sundial marks on the ground positions of the shadow of the central sphere (the gnomon) at different times of day and times of year. The shadow on Dec 22, 2017 falls very near the winter solstice line and the 1:00 PM (solar time) mark.  The other two lines of markers north of the gnomon are for the equinoxes and the summer solstice.  Additional lines of markers south of the gnomon mark positions of "shadows" of the radio sources Cygnus A and Cassiopeia A. The posts at the back of the sundial were recovered from Bracewell's radio telescope array at Stanford University, abandoned in 1980, where they had been signed by visitors with chisels at his invitation.
English: The Bracewell Radio Sundial at the Very Large Array in New Mexico. Named for Ron Bracewell, this sundial marks on the ground positions of the shadow of the central sphere (the gnomon) at different times of day and times of year. The shadow on Dec 22, 2017, falls on the winter solstice line, at the 1:00 PM (solar time) mark in this photo. The other two lines of spots north of the gnomon are for the equinoxes and the summer solstice. More closer lines of spots south of the gnomon mark positions of shadows of radio sources in Cygnus A and Cassiopeia A.
Estruturas dos componentes do ciclo da ureia mostradas utilizando projeções de Fischer, à esquerda, e modelo poligonal, à direita. Os compostos correspondem, em ordem, a carbamoil fosfato (CbP), citrulina (Cit), aspartato (Asp), argininosuccinato (ArgS), fumarato (Fum), arginina (Arg), ureia, e ornitina (Orn). As enzimas envolvidas nessa via metabólica são a carbamoil fosfato sintetase I (1), ornitina transcarbamoilase (2), argininosuccinato sintetase (3), argininosuccinato liase (4) e arginase I (5). ATP, ADP, AMP e água são omitidas aqui. ~P e ~PP representam, respectivamente, fosfato e pirofosfato de alta energia do ATP.  Os destinos do nitrogênio do ion amônia e do aspartato para ureia são mostrados, respectivamente, como retângulos azuis e elipses vermelhas.
English: Urea cycle
Vistas dorsal e ventral de espécimes de Symphylella erecta em microscopia eletrônica de varredura. A: cabeça e os quatro primeiros tergitos (T1, T2, T3 e T4), em vista dorsal. Cr: sulco central. fb: ramos frontais. lp: protuberâncias laterais da cabeça. B: detalhes da superfície da cabeça. C: detalhe da primeira perna. D: cabeça e os dois primeiros pares de pernas, em vista ventral. E: detalhes dos primeiro (T1) e segundo (T2) tergitos. al, as, cs e ibs: cerdas distribuídas ao longo do corpo. F: estilo na décima perna. G: antena direita. H: região posterior do tronco, último par de pernas, com um de seus segmentos, os tarsos, representados por t, e as fiandeiras, em vista lateral. I: região posterior do tronco, última perna esquerda e fiandeiras, em vista dorsal.
English: Symphylella erecta sp. nov., holotype (dorsal and lateral views) and paratype MRAC 22149 (ventral view). A. Head and fi rst 4 tergites (T1, T2, T3, T4), dorsal view. Cr, central rod; fb, frontal branches; lp, lateral protuberances of head. B. Detail of the surface of head. C. Detail of fi rst leg. D. Head and fi rst 2 pairs of legs, ventral view. E. Detail of fi rst (T1) and second tergites (T2). Al, anterolateral setae; as, apical setae; cs, central setae of the posteromarginal setae; ibs, inner basal setae of the posteromarginal setae. F. Stylus of leg 10. G. Right antenna. H. Posterior part of trunk, last pair of legs (t, tarsus) and cerci (C), lateral view. Arrows: erect setae of tarsus, es, ventral erect setae of cercus. I. Posterior part of trunk, last left leg and cerci (C), dorsal view. Arrows: two erect setae of tarsus (t) of the last left leg; as, apical seta; es, erect setae of the outer side of the cerci; ta, terminal area.
Esquema de cigoto, mórula y blastocisto rodeado de trofoblasto en el desarrollo natural de un embrión . Un cigoto totipotencial de ratón ó humano después de una fase de mórula en la que todas las células son iguales, se diferencia a células internas (blastocisto) y células externas (trofoblasto). Las células ES de ratón y humanas que forman el blastocisto de los embriones tempranos, se diferencian a los diferentes tejidos que darán lugar al embrión completo mientras que las capas más exteriores (trofoblastos) se diferencian a tejidos extraembrionarios, tales como la placenta. El trofoblasto aislado sin el blastocisto es incapaz de desarrollar embriones. Es necesario que haya células ES en el interior del trofoblasto para poder obtener el desarrollo de un embrión.
English: generación de blastocistos
Jakob Fugger «el Rico», pintado por Alberto Durero (1519) justo cuando estaba realizando el «negocio del siglo»: el préstamo a Carlos I de España que le permitió convertirse en Emperador, al financiar los cuantiosos sobornos a los príncipes electores. Los impuestos con los que se pensaba devolver el crédito fueron una de las causas de la Guerra de las Comunidades en Castilla. Poco antes, la venta de indulgencias para financiar la construcción de San Pedro de Roma, encendieron, también en Alemania, la Reforma luterana. Resulta comprensible que en la época se entendiese a la economía como algo explicable desde un punto de vista secular, no únicamente religioso, un juego de suma cero en que solo se gana lo que otro pierde y estrechamente vinculado al poder político.
Pentecôte de Barberousse. Elle compte parmi les principales diètes de tout le Moyen Âge : plus de 40 000 chevaliers se rendent à Mayence qui ne peut contenir une telle foule, tant et si bien que les chevaliers doivent camper sur des îles du Rhin. Presque tous les princes et l’intégralité de l’élite spirituelle prend part à la fête, parmi lesquels les ducs de Bohême, d’Autriche, et de Saxe, le comte palatin et le landgrave de Thuringe, les archevêques de Trèves, Brême  et Besançon, l’abbé de Fulda, ainsi que les évêques de Ratisbonne, Cambrai, Liège, Metz, Toul, Verdun, Utrecht, Worms, Spire, Strasbourg, Bâle, Constance, Coire, Wurtzbourg, Bamberg, Münster, Hildesheim et Lubeck. Un chroniqueur écrit que « c’était la plus grande qui fût jamais fêtée en Allemagne ».
Deutsch: Darstellung des Mainzer Hoffestes von 1184 in der Sächsischen Weltchronik, Norddeutschland, Erstes Viertel 14. Jahrhundert, Berlin, Staatsbibliothek Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Ms. germ. fol. 129, fol. 112r
Kenngrößen des Verhaltens eines dynamischen Systems, dargestellt anhand der Sprungantwort. Die Überschwingweite 
  
    
      
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 bezeichnet prozentual die größte Abweichung der Regelgröße vom statischen Endwert. Die Überschwingzeit 
  
    
      
        
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 ist durch den Zeitpunkt, an dem das erste Maximum der Sprungantwort auftritt festgelegt. Die Beruhigungszeit 
  
    
      
        
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 ist der letzte Zeitpunkt, zu dem die Sprungantwort in ein Band der Breite ±5 % eintaucht.
Deutsch: Stark gedämpfte Schwingung in der Nähe des aperiodischen Grenzfalls
Overflate ladninger indusert i metallgjenstander på grunn av en nærliggende punktladning. Det elektrostatiske feltet illustrert med «linjer med piler» ut fra den positive ladningen (+) fører til at at de mobile ladningene i metallgjenstandene blir separert. De negative ladningene (blått) blir tiltrukket og flytter seg til den delen av overflaten av legmene som er retet mot punktledningen. Positive ladninger (rødt) blir frastøtt og flytte til overflaten som vender bort fra punktladningen. Disse induserte overflateladningene skaper et motsatt elektrisk felt som nøyaktig opphever feltet fra den ytre ladning gjennom det indre av metallet. Derfor sørger elektrostatisk induksjon for at det elektriske felt overalt inne i en ledende gjenstand er null.  Foto: Chris Burks