fschieber/wit-captions huggingface dataset:
Calculating the Geometric Index of Unifacial Reduction (GIUR)

T = overall artefact thickness

t = height of retouch scar

This diagram shows how to calculate the GIUR of a unifacial lithic artefact as described in Hiscock and Clarkson (2005).[4] Each measurement is taken at three points along the reduced edge (denoted here by subscript) and t/T ratios are calculated and averaged to produce the artefact's GIUR value. This value increases proportionally to the amount of reduction.
English: T = overall artefact thickness t = height of retouch scar This diagram shows how to calculate the GIUR of a unifacial lithic artefact as described in Hiscock and Clarkson (2005) [1]. Each measurement is taken at three points along the reduced edge (denoted here by subscript) and t/T ratios are calculated and averaged to produce the artefact's GIUR value. This value increases proportionally to the amount of reduction.
Figure 1: Illustration de l'approximation de l'intégrale curviligne le long d'un chemin 
  
    
      
        γ
      
    
    {\displaystyle \gamma }
  
 (en rouge) par une somme des valeurs atteintes en n points 
  
    
      
        
          c
          
            k
          
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle c_{k}}
  
 appartenant à n-1 petits arcs formant le chemin.
 La somme des longueurs des cordes (en bleu) donne une approximation de la longueur du chemin.
Plot of the degenerate Jacobi curve (x2+y2/b2=1, b=infinity) and the twelve Jacobi Elliptic functions pq(u,1) for a particular value of angle φ.  The solid curve is the degenerate ellipse (x2=1) with m=1 and u=F(φ,1) where F(.,.) is the elliptic integral of the first kind.. The dotted curve is the unit circle. Since these are the Jacobi functions for m=0 (circular trigonometric functions) but with imaginary arguments, they correspond to the six hyperbolic trigonometric functions.
Ordinele Rodentia (albastru), Chiroptera (roșu) și Soricidele (galben) formează împreună peste 70% din speciile de mamifere.          Rodentia      Chiroptera      Soricomorpha      Primates      Carnivora      Artiodactyla      Diprotodontia      Lagomorpha      Didelphimorphia      Cetacea      Dasyuromorphia       Afrosoricida      Erinaceide      Cingulata      Peramelemorphia      Scandentia      Perissodactyla      Macroscelidea      Pilosa      Monotremata      Proboscidea
Det NS-kontrollerte Kultur- og Folkeopplysningsdepartementet opprettet Statens Filmdirektorat i 1941 med filmregissøren Sinding som direktør for å «bygge opp hele det norske filmvesen i samsvar med de nye forhold».[2][3] Bildet viser fra høyre Sinding (med sørgebånd) med pressedirektør Beggerud, «ministerpresident» og «fører» Quisling, ekspedisjonssjef Holst, kulutrminister Lunde og partiminister Fuglesang på besøk i direktoratet i februar 1942. Foto: NTBs krigsarkiv, Riksarkivet
Norsk bokmål: Vidkun Quisling på besøk i Filmdirektoratet. Quislings besøk i filmdirektoratet blir omtalt Aftenpostens morgenutgave lørdag 4. april 1942 under overskriften Ministerpresidenten ser på nye norske klturfilmer. Der er bildet gjengitt med følgende bildetekst: Førerens besøk i Statens Filmdirektorat. Fra venstre: Minister Fuglesang, minister Lunde, ekspedisjonssjef Holst, Føreren, pressedirektør Beggerud og direktør Sinding. (fot. NTB) Den korte reportasjen lyder slik: Ministerresidenten var onsdag innbudt av sjefen for Kultur- og Folkeopplysningsdepartementet, minister, dr. Gulbrand Lunde, til fremvisning av nye kulturfilmer fra Nord-Norge og Telemark. Det blev også vist fram noen ukerevyer. Foruten minister Lunde, var også minister Fuglesang, filmdirektør Sinding, pressedirektør Beggerud og ekspedisjonssjef Holst tilstede.
Figure 2: Plot of the oblate spheroidal coordinates μ and ν in the x-z plane, where φ is zero and a equals one. The curves of constant μ form red ellipses, whereas those of constant ν form cyan half-hyperbolae in this plane. The z-axis runs vertically and separates the foci; the coordinates z and ν always have the same sign. The surfaces of constant μ and ν in three dimensions are obtained by rotation about the z-axis, and are the red and blue surfaces, respectively, in Figure 1.
Oblate Spheroidal coordinates μ and ν. The lines of equal values of μ and ν are shown on the x-z plane, i.e. for φ=0. The surfaces of constant μ and ν are obtained by rotating about the z axis, so that the diagram is valid for any plane containing the z axis, i.e. for any φ.
Banderes militars d'Espanya: A l'esquerra Bandera Coronela amb l'estendard reial que portava el primer batalló del regiment, i a la dreta Bandera Batallona amb la creu de Borgonya, que portaven el segon i tercer batalló. Si el regiment el formava un únic batalló, aleshores es sobreposaven els símbols en una única bandera. S'acompanyava de quatre corones amb quatre escudets de la ciutat d'origen del regiment. Les banderes eren quadrades, amb costat d'1,5 m (Ordenances de 1762).[6]
Spain Regiments Flags 1808-1826
Page 162, dernière page du Livre II, édition de novembre 1518 chez Johann Froben (« Courtesy of the Folger Shakespeare Library »). Th. More vient de prononcer ses dernières réflexions, le livre se clôt sur la formule suivante (en lettres capitales) : « Fin du discours d'après-midi de Raphaël Hythlodée sur les lois et les institutions de l'île d'Utopie, peu connue jusqu'à présent, par le très célèbre et très savant Thomas Morus, citoyen et vice-shérif de la cité de Londres[291]. »
English: This is the page 162 of Thomas More's Utopia, the last page of Book 2 (november 1518)
The Three Graces: embodiment of the Romantic ballet, ca. 1840. This lithograph by A. E. Chalon depicts three of the greatest ballerinas in three of the era's defining roles: (left to right) Marie Taglioni as the Sylph in Filippo Taglioni's 1832 ballet La Sylphide; Fanny Elssler as Florinda in the dance La Cachucha from Jean Coralli's 1836 ballet Le Diable boiteux; and Carlotta Grisi as Béatrix in the Grand pas de Diane chasseresse from Albert's 1842 ballet La Jolie Fille du Gand.
ballerinas (from left to right) Marie Taglioni (1804-1884) in the choreographer Filippo Taglioni (1777-1871) and composer Jean-Madeleine Schneitzhoeffer's (1785-1852) 1832 ballet "La Sylphide"; Fanny Elssler (1810-1884) in the Danse nationale "La Cachucha" from the choreographer Jean Coralli (1779-1854) and composer Casimir Gide's (1804-1868) 1836 ballet "Le Diable boiteux"; and Carlotta Grisi (1819-1899) in the "Grand pas de Diane chasseresse" from the choreographer Ferdinand Albert Decombe (1789-1896) and composer Adolphe Adam's (1803-1856) 1842 ballet "La Jolie Fille du Gand".
The Bush family in the Red Room of the White House (January 2005) seated from left to right: Marvin Bush, Laura Bush, George W. Bush, Barbara Bush, George H. W. Bush, Jeb Bush. Also pictured, from left: Georgia Grace Koch, Margaret Bush, Charles Walker Bush, Jenna Bush Hager, Doro Bush, Barbara Pierce Bush, Robert P. Koch, Pierce Bush, Maria Bush, Neil Bush, Ashley Bush, Sam LeBlond, Robert Koch, Nancy Ellis LeBlond, John "Jebby" Bush, Amanda Bush, George P. Bush and Columba Bush
English: President George W. Bush, Laura Bush, former First Lady Barbara Bush, and former President George H.W. Bush sit surrounded by family in the Red Room, Thursday, Jan. 6, 2005. Friends and family joined former President Bush and Mrs. Bush in celebrating their 60th wedding anniversary during a dinner held at the White House. Also pictured are, from left, Georgia Grace Koch, Margaret Bush, Walker Bush, Marvin Bush, Jenna Bush, Doro Koch, Barbara Bush, Robert P. Koch, Pierce M. Bush, Maria Bush, Neil Bush, Ashley Bush, Sam LeBlond, Robert Koch, Nancy Ellis LeBlond, John Ellis Bush, Jr., Florida Gov. John Ellis "Jeb" Bush, Mandi Bush, George P. Bush, and Columba Bush.
PDP-1 at the Computer History Museum with Steve Russell, creator of Spacewar! The large cabinet houses the processor. The main control panel is just above the desk, the paper tape reader is above it (metallic), and the output of the Teletype model BRPE paper tape punch above that (vertical slot). A storage tray for eight fanfold paper tapes is attached to the top panel. At the left is the IBM Model B typewriter modified by Soroban, and the Type 30 CRT display is to the far right.
English: Steve Russell and the Computer History Museum's w:PDP-1 at the Vintage Computer Fair 2006 Français : Steve Russell et le PDP-1 du Musée de l'histoire de l'ordinateur.
Simplified, unscaled plan of the piano nobile at Holkham, showing the four symmetrical wings at each corner of the principal block.  South is at the top of the plan.  'A' Marble Hall; 'B' The Saloon; 'C' Statue Gallery, with octagonal tribunes at each end; 'D' Dining room (the classical apse, gives access to the tortuous and discreet route by which the food reached the dining room from the distant kitchen), 'E' The South Portico; 'F' The Library in the self-contained family wing.
Convergence of approximations. Approximations and exact solutions, which are indistinguishable at this scale, are shown for various 
  
    
      
        ε
      
    
    {\displaystyle \varepsilon }
  
. The outer solution is also shown. Note that since the boundary layer becomes narrower with decreasing 
  
    
      
        ε
      
    
    {\displaystyle \varepsilon }
  
, the approximations converge to the outer solution pointwise, but not uniformly, almost everywhere.
A simple MacPherson strut suspension on the left front wheel of a rear-wheel drive vehicle. The front of the vehicle is at bottom right of the image. 
Upper green: Vehicle body/strut interface 
Red: Steering knuckle or hub carrier 
Blue: Lower control arm or track control arm 
Light blue: Steering gear tie rod or track rod 
Lower purple: Radius rod 
Upper purple: Coil spring 
Yellow: Tubular housing containing shock absorber or damper 
Lower green: Vehicle frame or unibody member
English: A simple MacPherson strut suspension on the left front wheel of a rear-wheel drive vehicle. Deutsch: Die Radaufhängung eines heckgetriebenen Fahrzeugs mit McPherson-Federbein vorne links. 中文: 一个简单的麥弗遜懸吊，在一个后轮驱动汽车的左前轮上
La Pass Room di Bridewell dal Microcosm of London di Ackermann (1808–1811), disegno di Thomas Rowlandson e Augustus Pugin. Al tempo i poveri provenienti da fuori Londra trattenuti dalle autorità potevano essere imprigionati per sette giorni prima di essere rimandati nelle parrocchie d'origine. Ackermann si riferisce alla stanza usata nel palazzo come "una classe di femmine misere" tra i poveri; presumibilmente menzionando l'esistenza di madri non sposate secondo lui inaccettabili
The Pass Room at Bridewell from Ackermann's Microcosm of London (1808-11). Drawing by Thomas Rowlandson and Augustus Pugin. At this time paupers from outside London apprehended by the authorities could be imprisoned for seven days before being sent back to their own parish. Ackermann refers to the room used here as being for "one class of miserable females" amongst the paupers; presumably mentioning the existence of single mothers would have been unacceptable to his readership. This engraving was published as Plate 12 of Microcosm of London (1808) (see File:Microcosm of London Plate 012 - Pass Room, Bridewell.jpg).
Liman römorkörünün şeması. Römorkörler yüksek manevra kabiliyetine, dayanıklı bir yapıya, alabora olmamasını sağlayan alçak bir ağırlık merkezine, güçlü bir vince ve ittiği gemiye yaslandığı zaman üst yapısına zarar gelmemesini sağlayan bir profile sahiptir. Teknenin arkasındaki hidrolik pin, içinden geçen çekme halatı veya kablosundaki ânî kuvvetleri tamponlayarak onun kopmasını engeller. Pervaneyi çevreleyen kort nozul düşük hızda pervaneden daha çok güç elde edilmesini sağlar.
Shema tesnega stika.
Zgoraj: urejenost celic v plast s tesnimi stiki, razporejenimi v pasove okoli celic (d). Pas razdeli vsako celico v dva dela: apikalni (b) in bazalni (c) del. Nad apikalnimi deli je še mukozna plast (a), ki ščiti celice pred vsebino lumna organa (A).
 Spodaj: tesni stik, ki ločuje apikalno (B) od bazalne (C) strani celice. V celično membrano (g) so vpeti kompleksi beljakovin (e1-8), ki povezujejo celici, med vrstami takih povezav je paracelularni prostor (f).
Map by Barnardo de Miera, 1778, depicting the Buenaventura River as a faulty combination of Green River and Sevier River.  The depiction of "Lake Timpanogos" with a narrow strait in the middle is probably a misunderstanding of the indigenes' description of the large lake to the north (the Great Salt Lake) as directly connected to Utah Lake rather than connected by the 50 mile long Jordan River.  "Laguna de Miera" is the Sevier Lake, again drawn from descriptions by the indigenes.
Map of north-western Nuevo Mexico (spanish New Mexico) by Bernando de Miera y Pacheco, 1778, drawn for king Charles III. of Spain
A kneeling position with raised hands expressed "supplication" in classical antiquity. The word for "prayer" and for "supplication" is identical in ancient languages (oratio, προσευχή, תְּפִלָּה etc.), with no terminological distinction between supplications addressed to human as opposed to divine powers. Statuette known as "Praying German" or "supplicating barbarian". It is not known if this figure was originally set in a context of religious prayer or of military surrender.[17]
Late 19th century photograph of the Roman bronze figure often referred to as the "Praying Germanic" found in the National Library in Paris, France. Originally published 1890; this image taken from a 1910 work entitled "The arts and crafts of our Teutonic forefathers" by G. B. Brown, where it is glossed as "Bronze figure of a German, Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris". The statuette measure 12 cm in height. It is also known as the "Supplicating German" or "supplicating barbarian". "the existence of other bronze barbarians in similar attitudes of prayer and subjection suggests that the composition was a popular one" (Melissa Barden Dowling, Clemency and cruelty in the Roman world, 2006, p. 151)
Two stands of Colours were carried by 52nd Lowland, 6th Battalion, The Royal Regiment of Scotland until the presentation of new colours by The Princess Royal in May 2010 and again by The Queen at Holyrood Park in July 2011.  The previous colours were inherited from the 1st and 2nd Battalions of the 52nd Lowland Volunteers. The colours were first presented in 1985 by The Princess Margaret. The Queen's Colours are based on the Union Flag and the Regimental Colours upon The Saltire.
Colours of the 1st Battalion 52nd Lowland Volunteers
In diesem namenlosen Berg befindet sich die Grube. Die Aufnahme von 1942 zeigt die extreme Geländesituation. In der Bildmitte unten sind am Steilhang noch die Ruinen der ehemaligen Werkssiedlung Pueblo Hundido zu erkennen. Etwas links davon befinden sich die Ruinen der Tagesanlagen. Der Felsen rechts oben im Bild ist der obere Teil des Vulkanschlots, Braden Pipe genannt. Das hellere Gelände am Hang bei Pueblo Hundido und in den zentralen Bereichen des Bildes gehört zum Pitkrater.
Español: Fotografía exterior del depósito minero, en el centro abajo, se ven dos poblaciones abandonadas
Role of rECP in TNF-α apoptosis signaling. rECP increases BEAS-2B cells TNF-α production and release. The release of TNF-α binding to TNF receptor results in receptor internalization and activates caspase-8. Caspase-8-induced apoptosis can either trigger mitochondrial response or directly cause PARP activation by caspase-3. However, rECP-induced apoptosis shows no effects on mitochondrial responses. Accordingly, we suggest that rECP induces mitochondria-independent apoptosis.[14]
English: Role of rECP in TNF-α apoptosis signaling. rECP increases BEAS-2B cells TNF-α production and release. The release of TNF-α binding to TNF receptor results in receptor internalization and activates caspase-8. Caspase-8-induced apoptosis can either trigger mitochondrial response or directly cause PARP activation by caspase-3. However, rECP-induced apoptosis shows no effects on mitochondrial responses. Accordingly, we suggest that rECP induces mitochondria-independent apoptosis.
Un graf planar amb cinc colors tal que no hi ha dues regions adjacents amb el mateix color. Es pot demostrar que aquest mapa es pot acolorir amb només quatre colors. De fet, el teorema dels quatre colors afirma que, donat un graf planar qualsevol, n'hi ha prou amb quatre colors per acolorir el mapa de tal manera que no hi hagi dues regions adjacents amb el mateix color, però la demostració que se'n coneix implica una cerca computacional massa llarga per ser verificada manualment.
Voorbeeld van de postoorlog rond het zegeltje ‘Notopfer Berlin’ tussen 1949 en 1956. Het blauwe zegeltje ter waarde van 2 Pfennig moest in de Bondsrepubliek Duitsland verplicht worden bijgeplakt op alle binnenlandse post. Bijplakken op buitenlandse post en post naar de DDR, was niet verplicht. Het werd in de DDR ook niet op prijs gesteld, zoals blijkt uit deze brief naar het Oost-Duitse Leipzig, die is teruggestuurd naar de afzender met een stempel ‘Zegel niet toegestaan. Terug’.
Deutsch: Brief in die DDR mit nicht notwendiger Notopfermarke. Dort beanstandet und Rücksendung mit entsprechendem Stempel.
แถวที่ 1: Tigranes the Great, Gregory the Illuminator, Mesrop Mashtots, Vardan Mamikonian, Moses of Chorene 
แถวที่ 2: จักรพรรดิเฮราคลิอัส, Gregory of Narek, Toros Roslin, Sayat-Nova, Khachatur Abovian 
แถวที่ 3: Ivan Aivazovsky, Mkrtich Khrimian, Andranik, Hovhannes Tumanyan, Komitas Vardapet 
แถวที่ 4: Yeghishe Charents, Martiros Saryan, Aram Khatchaturian, William Saroyan, Tigran Petrosian 
แถวที่ 5: Mher Mkrtchyan, Viktor Hambardzumyan, Charles Aznavour, แชร์, Vazgen Sargsyan
English: Armenians collage
Şilingi emişi sub regina Elisabeta a II-a, în 1956; în stânga imaginea comună a aversului unei monede de un șiling, în dreapta, reversurile unori șilingi emiși în Anglia, respectiv în Scoția. Avers: cap spre dreapta, + ELISABETH•II•DEI• GRATIA•REGINA[1]; revers (moneda din centru) stema încoronată a Angliei, circular: +FID•DEF+ONE•SHILLING[2]; la stânga stemei: 19, la dreapta stemei: 56; moneda din dreapta: revers, aceleași inscripții, stema încoronată a Scoției, leu spre stânga.
English: British Shilling
Einfluss des komplexen Brechungsindex (
  
    
      
        
          n
          
            1
          
        
        +
        
          i
        
        
          k
          
            0
          
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle n_{1}+\mathrm {i} k_{0}}
  
) eines Materials auf das Reflexionsverhalten einer elektromagnetischen Welle beim Auftreffen auf die Grenzfläche zweier Materialien (beispielsweise bei Luft/Glas) in Abhängigkeit vom Einfallswinkel
L'usine d'amiante en 1909. Les chemins de fer constituent une condition nécessaire pour l'ouverture d'une mine en raison des coûts élevés de transport du minerai vers les marchés. Les mines d'amiante ont profité du passage du Quebec Central à Thetford Mines pour faciliter l'exportation de leur production aux États-Unis. Ainsi, toutes les mines sont richement pourvues de lignes ferroviaires qui sillonnent leur site de part en part et qui passent bien entendu à proximité du moulin.
English: Photograph, King's Mill, Amalgamated Asbestos Corp. Ltd, Thetford Mines, QC, 1909, Wm. Notman & Son, Silver salts on glass - Gelatin dry plate process - 20 x 25 cm Français : Photographie, Moulin King, Amalgamated Asbestos Corp. Ltd, Thetford Mines, QC, 1909, Wm. Notman & Son. Plaque sèche à la gélatine, 20 x 25 cm
Trodimenzijska projekcija  glavne komponentne analize hibrida citrusa, sa limunima (žuta), pomelima (plava), mandarinom (crvena) i mikrantom (zelena) koje definiraju osi. Očekuje se da će se hibridi naći između roditelja: ML: Meksička limeta; A: Alemov; V: Volkamerov limun; M: Meyerov  limun; L: uobičajeni i „slatki“  limunovi; B: Bergamotova narandža; H: Haploidna klementina; C: klementine; S: Gorke narandže; O: Slatke narandže; G: Grejpefruti.
Slike iz:  Curk, et al. (2014).[4]
English: Organization of genotypic SNP diversity. All varieties and all SNP data were analyzed by PCA. ML: Mexican lime (key lime); A: Alemov (Citrus macrophylla); V: Volkamer lemon; M: Meyer lemon; L: Regular and ‘Sweet’ lemon; B: Bergamot; H: Haploid clementine; C: Clementines; S: Sour oranges; O: Sweet oranges; G: Grapefruits. Curk et al., BMC Genetics 2014 15:152, doi:10.1186/s12863-014-0152-1
Silliman Hall is the oldest standing American structure in the Philippines. Its architecture is reminiscent of the Stick style type of architecture that characterize American buildings in the late 19th century. Some of the materials used to build it were salvaged from an old theater in New York.[22][23] The present structure was built in 1909 as an addition to the original structure built in 1902, now demolished. The building now serves as Silliman University Heritage Museum.[24]
English: Silliman Hall, built in 1902-1903, is the oldest standing American structure in the Philippines. Its architecture is reminiscent of the Stick Style or Victorian type of architecture that characterize American buildings in the 19th century. Some of the materials used to build it were salvaged from an old theater in New York.
Les llingües xermániques d'Europa tán estremaes en llingües xermániques septentrionales y occidentales      Holandés (Xermánicu occidental)      Altu alemán (Xermánicu occidental)      Anglo-frisón insular (Xermánicu occidental)      Anglo-frisón continental (Xermánicu occidental)      Escandinavu oriental (Xermánicu septentrional)      Escandinavu occidental (Xermánicu septentrional)      Llinia que señala la división ente les llingües xermániques septentrionales y occidentales.
Note: The colours in this map/image represent the linguistic majority(!) in a region. For en:example. In Northern Germany, en:Low Saxon dialects (or en:standard German dialects influenced by Low Saxon that previously were spoken there) are spoken, yet the en:majority of the people there speak standard German, a high German language, so the area is en:coloured as being dominantly High German. Summary Rex Germanus Tesi samanunga is edele unde scona 14:20, 13 May 2006 (UTC)
El río Meta muestra claramente la mayor cantidad de afluentes y mayor extensión de su cuenca por la margen izquierda: desde los ríos Manacacias y Humadea hasta el río Cravo Norte hay una docena de ríos que bajan de los Andes y se desvían a la izquierda al ser capturados por el río Meta dejando a varios ríos decapitados que continúan su viaje hacia el Orinoco por el mismo cauce que tenían antes de ser absorbidos por dicho río. En cambio, por la derecha, el Meta no tiene afluentes.
English: River Meta and tributaries (Colombia and Venezuela) Español: Río Meta y sus afluentes (Colombia y Venezuela)
Nekrasov in the 1860s. Photographed by Sergey Levitsky.
Nekrasov, as a real innovator in the Russian literature, was closely linked to the tradition set by his great predecessors, first and foremost, Pushkin. - Korney Chukovsky, 1952[37] 
 Nekrasov was totally devoid of memory, unaware of any tradition and foreign to the notion of historical gratitude. He came from nowhere and drew his own line, starting with himself, never much caring for anybody else. - Vasily Rozanov, 1916[38]
Русский: Портрет Н.А. Некрасова
Die Hadza kennen in ihrem Lebensraum – nicht näher identifizierte – Pflanzen, die sie als Gegenmittel gegen Schlangengift – nach eigenen Aussagen erfolgreich – einsetzen. Für einige solcher Heilpflanzen, deren Verwendung auch in Tansania dokumentiert ist, wurde ein solcher gifthemmender Effekt naturwissenschaftlich nachgewiesen. Die Wurzeln des Wilden Veilchenbaumes gehören dazu. Auf dem Bild ist ein Baum dieser Art zu sehen, der solchem menschlichen Wurzelsammeln zum Opfer fiel.
Securidaca longepedunculata English: Destructive root harvesting for traditional medicine. In the Sahel sub-Saharan savanna region, near Fada N'Gourma, Burkina Faso. Français : Récolte des racines par arrachage, pour les besoins de la médecine traditionnelle. Image prise près de Fada N'Gourma, au Burkina Faso.