fschieber/wit-captions huggingface dataset:
Cráteres Guericke S y J. Este área de 18 km de longitud con "figura de 8" formada por cráteres circulares probablemente no fue formado por impactos a hipervelocidad de materiales desde el espacio. Podría ser un cráter secundario formado por los proyectiles desprendidos del impacto que originó la cuenca del Mare Imbrium, situado 700 km al norte. La terraza en la base de las paredes del cráter podrían ser los restos de las paredes o un "anillo de bañera" de un elemento anterior a la formación del mar lunar. Por otra parte, la pareja de cráteres y la terraza podrían haber sido formadas por erupciones volcánicas. El cráter brillante superpuesto es más joven que los otros y sin relación con la pareja con la "figura de 8" o el mare. (Imagen y texto de la NASA)
English: Guericke S and J craters, northeast of Guericke, on the moon. This is Figure 229 of Apollo Over the Moon (NASA SP-362, 1978), which has the following caption: This 18-km-long "figure 8" pair of noncircular craters near the crater Guericke probably was not formed by hypervelocity impacts of bodies from space. It could be a secondary impact feature formed by projectiles from the Imbrium basin 700 km to the north. The terrace at the base of the crater walls could be debris from the walls or a "bathtub ring" left by a formerly higher stand of the mare fill. Alternatively, the crater pair and the terrace could have been formed by volcanic eruptions. The superposed bright crater is younger than and unrelated to either the "figure 8" pair or the mare.-D.E.W. (Donald Wilhelms)
Mechanism to catalyze the conversion of ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides. (adapted from Nelson & Cox, 2000). (1) an electron transfer on the RNR2 subunit activates a RNR1 cysteine residue in the active site with a free radical; (2) the free radical forms a stable radical on C-3, and cysteine radical removes a hydrogen atom; (3) cation is formed on C-2 by transferring a hydrogen from a dithiol group and is stabilized by the radical, resulting in the loss of H2O from C-2; (4) a hydrogen is transferred from the dithiol group to reduce the cation C-2; (5) the C-3 radical is reduced by the hydrogen removed in step 2, and the tyrosyl radical is generated; (6) redoxins transfer two hydrogen to the disulfide group that restores the original configuration.
English: Mechanism to catalyze the conversion of ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides (adapted from Nelson & Cox, 2000).
Bild 1: Hyperbelpunkt nach Definition mit Leitkreis 
  
    
      
        
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            L
          
        
      
    
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          k
          
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 oder 
  
    
      
        
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        D
        
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Basiskonstruktion für Hyperbelzirkel des Frans van Schooten
Trzy rozłączne okręgi o różnych promieniach i ich sześć środków jednokładności: zewnętrzne 
  
    
      
        (
        
          Z
          
            12
          
        
        ,
        
          Z
          
            23
          
        
        ,
        
          Z
          
            31
          
        
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    {\displaystyle (Z_{12},Z_{23},Z_{31})}
  
 i wewnętrzne 
  
    
      
        (
        
          W
          
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        ,
        
          W
          
            23
          
        
        ,
        
          W
          
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 oraz proste, na których leżą
Illustracion 3 : aparéncia corba dels segments de l’espaci. Es en o e solament en o que lo plan es ortogonal a l’axe del regard. Per simpla aplicacion dau teorèma de Pitagòras, OA= (oO2+oA2)1/2 e Oi = (oO2+oi2)1/2 Doncas oO < (iO = jO) < (AO = BO =CO = DO) Un segment apareissent tan mai pichon qu’es alunhat, se ne dedusís que AD apareis pus pichona que ij, e que, d'un biais general, per tot coblet (x, y ; x є AB ; y є CD ; xy ║AD), xy descreis alara que xi creis. Se ne dedusís que los costats del carrat, e d'un biais general tota drecha del plan passant pas per o, apareisson en perspectiva jos forma de corbas en clòcas plaçadas entre lor « original real» es O e que tendon en lor doas extremitats cap a la drecha parallèla a lor « original » passant per o.
perspective visuelle par lyonart- graphe3 courbure du champ
Main delegates of the Congress, from top to bottom: Row 1: Sami Pojani, Zenel Glina, Selman Elbasani, Simon Shuteriqi, Azis Starova, Mati Logoreci, Dhimitër Buda, Adham Shkaba Stratobërdha.
 Row 2: Rrok Berisha, Bajo Topulli, Thoma Avrami, Leonidha Naçi, Sotir Peçi, Shefqet Frashëri, Luigj Gurakuqi, Shahin Kolonja, Akil Efthim Korça, Zenel Poda.
 Row 3: Nyz'het Vrioni, Dhimitër Mole, Gjergj Qiriazi, Gjergj Fishta, Mid'hat Frashëri, Dom Nikoll Kaçorri, Dom Ndre Mjeda, Fehim Zavalani.
 Row 4: Refik Toptani, Çerçiz Topulli, Mihal Grameno, Friend of Çerçiz Topulli, Member of Manastir Club.  Notes: Missing in the photo are the following delegates: Hil Mosi, Grigor Cilka, Hafëz Ibrahimi, Emin Beu, Rauf Beu, Selaudin Prizreni. Names in italic are non-delegates.
English: Delegates of the Congress of Manastir.
22 – Obwód leningradzki (kasza gurjewska)[167], zob. mapa  Przepis na „kaszę gurjewską” obmyślił hrabia Dmitrij Gurjew (wieloletni minister finansów Rosji w czasach Aleksandra I) lub jego kucharz, Zachar Kuzmin. Deser bywa uznawany za ciekawy wynik połączenia tradycji kuchni rosyjskiej i francuskiej (na fot. podobnie wyglądający francuski Crème brûlée). Według jednego z przepisów kasza gurjewska jest przygotowywana z gęstego grysiku na mleku, do którego są dodawane tłuczone orzechy włoskie, cukaty i różne owoce (brzoskwinie, ananasy i in.). Kaszę wykłada się na szeroką i głęboką patelnię, układając warstwami z uzyskanymi wcześniej piankami ze śmietanki[237]. Całość zapieka się w piekarniku na słabym ogniu, po czym ozdabia owocami i konfiturami[107][238].
Crème brûlée with berries
Die neuen Gemeinden der beiden Vorläuferlandkreise in der Präfektur Tokio nach der Großen Meiji-Gebietsreform 1889:
1. Stadt Naitō-Shinjuku (内藤新宿町 Naitō-Shinjuku-machi),
2. Dorf Sendagaya (千駄ヶ谷村 Sendagaya-mura),
3. Dorf Shibuya (渋谷村 Shibuya-mura),
4. Dorf Yoyohata (代々幡村 Yoyohata-mura),
5. Stadt Yodobashi (淀橋町 Yodobashi-chō/-machi),
6. Dorf Ōkubo (大久保村 Ōkubo-mura),
7. Dorf Totsuka (戸塚村 Totsukamura),
8. Dorf Ochiai (落合村 Ochiai-mura),
11. Dorf Nakano (中野村 Nakano-mura),
12. Dorf Nogata 野方村 Nogata-mura,
13. Dorf Wadahorinouchi 和田堀内村 Wadahorinouchi-mura,
14. Dorf Suginami (杉並村 Suginami-mura),
15. Dorf Iogi (井荻村 Iogi-mura),
16. Dorf Takaido (高井戸村 Takaido-mura)
In Flächenfarben heutige Gemeinden: blau Shinjuku-ku, lila Shibuya-ku, pink Nakano-ku, rot Suginami-ku
日本語: 豊多摩郡の町村
Dijagram Holovog efekta na kome su prikazani elektroni kao nosioci naelektrisanja (umesto standardnih nosioca naelektrisanja).

Legenda:

1. Elektroni (a ne standardni nosioci naelektrisanja)

2. Holov element ili Holov senzor

3. Magneti

4. Magnetsko polje

5. Izvor napajanja

Opis:

Na crtežu „A“, vidimo Holov element, unutar koga se negativna naelektrisanja usmeravaju ka gornjoj ivici (osenčena plavom bojom) a pozitivna ka donjoj ivici (osenčenoj crvenom bojom). Na slikama „B“ i „C“, su prikazane posledice obrtanja polariteta bilo magnetnog polja, bilo izvora struje, usled čega se menja polarizacija i smer kretanja naelektrisanja. Istovremeno obrtanje polariteta magnetnog ponja (prikazano na slici „D“) dovodi do istovetne situacije kao na crtežu „A“.
English: Shows the Hall effect for different directions of electric current and magnetic field. Legend: Electrons (not conventional current!) Hall element, or Hall sensor Magnets Magnetic field Power source In drawing "A", the Hall element takes on a negative charge at the top edge (symbolised by the blue color) and positive at the lower edge (red color). In "B" and "C", either the electric current or the magnetic field is reversed, causing the polarization to reverse. Reversing both current and magnetic field (drawing "D") causes the Hall element to again assume a negative charge at the upper edge. Rendered using POV-Ray. The scene description "code" shown below supports rendering all of the four "situations" portrayed in the image - see the comment given in the code in the page discussion. The four images were subsequently combined, and the numbers and letters added, in a graphics software package. Deutsch: Diese Grafik illustriert den Halleffekt unter verschiedenen Richtungen des Elektronenflusses/des Magnetfeldes. Legende: Elektronen Hallsensor/-element Magneten magnetisches Feld Spannungsquelle In Abbildung A wird im oberen Bereich ein Elektronenüberschuss (durch die blaue Farbe symbolisiert), im unteren Bereich ein Elektronenmangel (rote Farbe) erzeugt. In den Abbildungen B und C ist der Elektronenfluss bzw. der Magnet in eine andere Richtung gebracht worden, weshalb die Polarisierung des Hallelementes umgekehrt ist. Wird sowohl der Elektronenfluss, als auch das magnetische Feld umgekehrt (Abbildung D), entsteht wie in Abbildung A ein Elektronenmangel im unteren Bereich. Français : Effet Hall pour différents sens du courant et du champ magnétique. Légende: Électrons (et non le Sens conventionnel !) Élément ou Capteur à effet Hall Aimants Champ magnétique Source de courant Dans le dessin A, une charge négative apparait à la bordure haute de l'élément (couleur bleue), et une charge positive à sa bordure basse (couleur rouge). En B et C, l'inversion du sens du courant ou de celui du champs magnétique provoque l'inversion de cette polarisation. En D, la double inversion du courant électrique et du champs magnétique donnent à l'élément la même polarisation qu'en A. Dessins réalisés en utilisant le logiciel POV-Ray. Le code et des remarques complémentaires sont disponibles dans la discussion. For more translations SEE BELOW
(en) Diagramme représentant la distribution des électrons dans les bandes de différents types de matériaux à l'équilibre. De gauche à droite : métal ; semimétal ; semiconducteur (dopé p, intrinsèque, dopé n) ; isolant. L'énergie est représentée par l'axe vertical, tandis que l'épaisseur horizontale des bandes représente la densité d'états.
La densité électronique par niveau d'énergie suit la statistique de Fermi-Dirac et est représentée par un dégradé de noir. Le niveau de Fermi EF des métaux et des semimétaux se trouve dans au moins l'une des bandes, tandis qu'il se trouve loin de toute bande dans les isolants, et suffisamment proche d'une bande dans les semiconducteurs pour peupler la bande de conduction ou la bande de valence d'électrons ou de trous.
Cimabue, Crucifix de Santa-Croce. Pour Guénon, l'être humain n'est pas qu'un rouage de la mécanique universelle, il a pour but de s'identifier au centre du monde qui devient le moteur de son équilibre[DB 78],[VD 18]. Lorsqu'il est devenu l'« Homme universel », son action de présence maintient l'existence de ce monde : elle en révèle son unité, son sens[DB 78]. D'après Guénon, l'« Homme universel » est symbolisé par la croix[EMI 1]. C'est en raison de cette signification symbolique que le Christ est mort sur la croix sans que cela ne diminue en rien sa signification historique[PS 5]. Pour Guénon, tous les évènements de la vie du Christ ont une signification historique et sont, en même temps, des symboles renvoyant à une signification métaphysique[LE 77].
Слика 5. Оваа скица го илустрира изминатиот светлосен пат, кој се користи во Мајкелсонов-Морлиевиот инферометар и овозможува должината на патот да изнесува 11 метри. а е изворот на светлината од  петролејска ламба, b е полупропустливо стакло, c е плоча на компензаторот, низ која рефлектираните и трансмисионите зраци се движат низ исто количество на стакло (од особена важност бидејќи обидите биле изведувани со бела светлина која има исклучително кратка кохерентната должина со што е потребно прецизно преклопување на патеките на оптичките должини за граничните вредности да бидат видливи, монохроматската светлина од натриумот се користела само за почетните усогласувања.[4][note 2]). d,  d'  и e се огледалата. e' е огледало за фини поместување. f е телескоп.
English: Fig. 4 from "On the Relative Motion of the Earth and the Luminiferous Ether". Português: Figura 4 do artigo "On the Relative Motion of the Earth and the Luminiferous Ether".
Klorofülli fluorestsentsi graafik NPQ mõõtmisel. Pimedaga kohanenud proovi nõrgale valgusele eksponeerides mõõdetakse minimaalne fluorestsents F0. Järgneva tugeva valguspulsi tõttu küllastuvad fotosünteetilised reaktsioonitsentrid ning mõõdetakse pimedaga kohanenud proovi maksimaalne fluorestsents Fm. Seejärel lülitatakse sisse fotosünteetiline valgus. Järgnevate valguspulsside ajal mõõdetakse maksimaalne fluorestsents (Fm') valguse käes. Fluorestsentsi väärtus vahetult enne sellist valguspulssi on Ft. Fotosünteetilise valguse välja lülitamisel mõõdetakse minimaalne fluorestsents valgusega kohanenud proovis (F0'). Mittefotokeemilise kustutamise (qE + qT + qI) väärtus on näha Fm ja Fm' vahena, fotokeemilise kustutamise (qP) väärtus Fm ja Ft vahena.[1][6]
Eesti: klorofülli fluorestsentsi graafik NPQ mõõtmisel fluoromeetriga
Rods, cones and nerve layers in the retina. The front (anterior) of the eye is on the left. Light (from the left) passes through several transparent nerve layers to reach the rods and cones (far right). A chemical change in the rods and cones send a signal back to the nerves. The signal goes first to the Retina bipolar cell and Retina horizontal cell(yellow layer), then to the Retina amacrine cell and Retinal ganglion cell(purple layer), then to the optic nerve fibres. The signals are processed in these layers. First, the signals start as raw outputs of points in the rod and cone cells. Then the nerve layers identify simple shapes, such as bright points surrounded by dark points, edges, and movement. (Based on a drawing by Santiago Ramón y Cajal, 1911.)
മൈനർ പ്ലാനറ്റ് സെന്ററിൽ നിന്നു ലഭ്യമായ വിവരങ്ങൾ പ്രകാരം, കൈപ്പർ വലയത്തിലെ അറിയപ്പെടുന്ന വസ്തുക്കൾ ചിത്രീകരിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നു. പ്രധാനവലയത്തിലെ വസ്തുക്കളെ പച്ച നിറത്തിലും, ചിതറിക്കിടക്കുന്ന വസ്തുക്കൽ ഓറഞ്ച് നിറത്തിലും രേഖപ്പെടുത്തിയിരിക്കുന്നു. ഏറ്റവും പുറമേയുള്ള നാലു ഗ്രഹങ്ങൾ നീല നിറത്തിലുള്ള ബിന്ദുക്കളായി അടയാളപ്പെടുത്തിയിരിക്കുന്നു. നെപ്ട്യൂണിന്റെ ചില ട്രോജൻ ലഘുഗ്രഹങ്ങൾ മഞ്ഞ നിറത്തിലും വ്യാഴത്തിന്റേത് പിങ്ക് നിറത്തിലും രേഖപ്പെടുത്തിയിരിക്കുന്നു. വ്യാഴത്തിന്റെ ഭ്രമണപഥത്തിനും കൈപ്പർ വലയത്തിനുമിടയിൽ ചിതറിക്കിടക്കുന്ന ഒരുപറ്റം വസ്തുക്കളെ പൊതുവേ സെന്റോറുകൾ എന്നു വിളിക്കുന്നു. ഈ ചിത്രത്തിൽ ഉപയോഗിച്ചിരിക്കുന്ന മാനദണ്ഡം സൗരദൂരമാണ്. ചിത്രത്തിൽ താഴെ കാണുന്ന വിടവ് ആകാശഗംഗയുടെ പശ്ചാത്തലവുമായി തിരിച്ചറിയാൻ ബുദ്ധിമുട്ടുള്ളതുകൊണ്ട് ചിത്രീകരിക്കാതെ ഉപേക്ഷിച്ച പ്രദേശമാണ്.
Woolwich Dockyard (Nicholas Pocock, 1790, National Maritime Museum). The surviving Clock House (then newly built) is seen centre-right, and the Parish Church far left. Left to right along the shoreline: three shipbuilding slips (two of which survive, much rebuilt, at Mast Quay), two dry docks (which also survive, much rebuilt) and a further slip (since filled in). Behind the latter stands the large Sail and Mould Loft of 1740, with the Great Storehouse to its right and the Officers' Terrace (houses with gardens) to the right of that; all these were demolished in the early 20th century. Everything west (right) of the Clock House was newly acquired land in 1790; the painting shows planned buildings, including a long ropehouse that was never in fact built.
Fig. 3: Typical patterns of backward masking (fictitious data). When a participant tries to identify the prime, response accuracy depends on the degree of masking. Without masking, the prime is identified with nearly perfect accuracy (purple), while accuracy drops to chance level (50 %) when masking is complete (left panel). Depending on the type of mask, other time-courses of masking are possible (right panel). In type-A masking, the degree of masking is highest when prime and target follow each other at short SOAs, and decreases with SOA (purple). In type-B masking, the degree of masking is stronger at intermediate SOAs than at shorter or longer SOAs (red). Type-B time-courses can be obtained in metacontrast masking under specific stimulus conditions.
English: Typical pattern of backward masking
Прямая, проходящая через 
  
    
      
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    {\displaystyle A}
  
, параллельна 
  
    
      
        
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          ′
        
        
          C
          ′
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle B'C'}
  
, прямая, проходящая через 
  
    
      
        B
      
    
    {\displaystyle B}
  
, параллельна 
  
    
      
        
          C
          ′
        
        
          A
          ′
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle C'A'}
  
, и прямая, проходящая через 
  
    
      
        C
      
    
    {\displaystyle C}
  
, параллельна 
  
    
      
        
          A
          ′
        
        
          B
          ′
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle A'B'}
  
 пересекаются в точке Штейнера.
Mecanismo de acción de los receptores nucleares (Clase II). Esta figura describe el mecanismo de los receptores nucleares tipo II, a pesar de que el estatus de unión del ligando se sitúa en el núcleo unido al ADN. Para el propósito de la ilustración, el receptor nuclear mostrado aquí es el receptor de hormona tiroidea (TR) formando un heterodímero con el receptor X retinoide. En ausencia de ligando, TR se encuentra unido a la proteína correpresora. Cuando el ligando está unido a TR, se produce la disociación del correpresor y el reclutamiento de la proteína coactivadora, que recluta proteínas adicionales como la ARN polimerasa, implicadas en la transcripción de los genes diana y su traducción a proteínas que resultará en un cambio de la función celular.
English: Created myself using CambridgeSoft BioDraw. Mechanism nuclear receptor action. This figure depicts the mechanism of a class II nuclear receptor (NR) which, regardless of ligand binding status is located in the nucleus bound to DNA. For the purpose of illustration, the nuclear receptor shown here is the thyroid hormone receptor (TR) heterodimerized to the RXR. In the absence of ligand, the TR is bound to corepressor protein. Ligand binding to TR causes a dissociation of corepressor and recruitment of coactivator protein which in turn recruit additional proteins such as RNA polymerase that are responsible for transcription of downstream DNA into RNA and eventually protein which results in a change in cell function.
Billedoverblik: De to billeddele ovenfor den sorte bjælke er de to billeddele - og nedenfor den sorte bjælke to indzoomede billeddele af samme scene.
Sammenligning af:
*en almindelig eftermiddag. (de to mørkere nedre kvartbilleddele).
*en øvre spejling på en kold morgen ved jorden (og varmere et stykke oppe) i Mojaveørkenen (de to lysere øvre kvartbilleddele). Det ser ud som om der er en ("ufattelig" lige) skrænt grundet virkningen af den øvre luftspejling. De lodrette "skrænt"-dele er summen af lyse partier af scenespejling i dybden. Dermed går lodrette detaljer i dybden tabt. Derfor den lodret tilsyneladende udstrækkende virkning.

Sammenlign med "pindens" højde ovenfor den sorte bjælke midtfor - og "pindens" højde nedenfor den sorte bjælke til højre.
Superior mirage on a winter morning in the Mojave Desert, compared with same scene in the afternoon.
План на Забранения град. Червените букви се използват в цялата статия като обозначител на обект.  - – - Приблизителна разграничителна линия между вътрешния (север) и външния (юг) дворове.       A. Южната (Медианова) порта
 Б. Портата на бойния дух
 В. Западна порта на славата
 Г. Източна порта на славата
 Д. Наблюдателни кули
 Е. Порта на висшата хармония
 Ж. Зала на висшата хармония
 З. Зала на пълната хармония 
 И. Зала на съхранената хармония 
 К. Зала на военната слава 
 Л. Залата на литературната слава 
   М. Зала за поклонение пред Буда
 Н. Южните три места
 О. Дворец на небесната чистота
 П. Зала на единството
 Р. Дворец на земното спокойствие
 С. Зала на императорския ред
 Т. Залата на умственото развитие
 У. Зала на императорското превъзходство
English: Plan of the Forbidden City. Self created via Inkscape. This labelled version for use in w:Forbidden City. Unlabelled version is found at Image:Forbidden_city_map_wp_0.png Български: План на Забраненият град Русский: План Запретного города
Different forms of the stomach in mammals. A, dog; B, Mus decumanus; C, Mus musculus; D, weasel; E, scheme of the ruminant stomach, the arrow with the dotted line showing the course taken by the food; F, human stomach. a, minor curvature; b, major curvature; c, cardiac end G, camel; H, Echidna aculeata. Cma, major curvature; Cmi, minor curvature. I, Bradypus tridactylus Du, duodenum; MB, coecal diverticulum; **, outgrowths of duodenum; †, reticulum; ††, rumen. A (in E and G), abomasum; Ca, cardiac division; O, psalterium; Oe, oesophagus; P, pylorus; R (to the right in E and to the left in G), rumen; R (to the left in E and to the right in G), reticulum; Sc, cardiac division; Sp, pyloric division; WZ, water-cells. (from Wiedersheim's Comparative Anatomy)
English: Fig. 41.—Different forms of the stomach in Mammals. A, Dog; B, Mus decumanus (=Rattus norvegicus); C, Mus musculus; D, Weasel; E, scheme of the Ruminant stomach, the arrow with the dotted line showing the course taken by the food; F, Human stomach. a, Minor curvature; b, major curvature; c, cardiac end. G, Camel; H, Echidna aculeata. Cma, Major curvature; Cmi, minor curvature. I, Bradypus tridactylus. Du, Duodenum; MB, coecal diverticulum; **, outgrowths of duodenum; †, reticulum; ††, rumen. A (in E and G), Abomasum; Ca, cardiac division; O, psalterium; Oe, oesophagus; P, pylorus; R (to the right in E and to the left in G), rumen; R (to the left in E and to the right in G), reticulum; Sc, cardiac division; Sp, pyloric division; WZ, water-cells. (From Wiedersheim's Comparative Anatomy.)
1996 Kongre Kütüphanesi Coğrafya ve Harita Bölümü (büyük ölçüde G.P. Murdock,  Afrika, Halkları ve Kültür Tarihi , 1959) temel alınarak Afrika'nın başlıca etnik gruplarının haritası. Farklı renklerle kodlanmış, aşağıdaki 15 büyük etnik gruptur:
 Afroasiatic
      Hamitic (Berber, Cushitic) + Semitic (Etiyopyalı, Arap)
      Hausa (Çad)
 Nijer–Kongo
      Bantu
      "Guinean" (Volta-Nijer, Kwa, Kru)
      "Batı Bantoid" (Atlantik)
      "Orta Bantoid" (Gur, Senufo)
      "Doğu Bantoid" (Doğu Bantoid)
      Mandé
 Nilo-Sahra (tartışmalı)
      Nilotik
      Orta Sudan, Doğu Sudan (yanı sıra Nilotic)
      Kanuri
      Songhai
 other
      Khoi-San (şüpheli; Khoikhoi, San, Sandawe + Hadza)
      Malayo-Polonezya (Malagasy)
      Indo-Avrupalı (Afrikaaner)
English: Ethnolinguistic groups of Africa, 1996 publication by the Library of Congress Geography and Map Division. From the map legend: NOTE: Principal source: Africa, its peoples and their cultural history, G.P. Murdock, 1959. Tribal or ethnic names may vary, depending on source Only large ethnolinguistic areas of intrusiveness are shown Ethnolinguistic boundaries are generalized Sparsely populated or uninhabited areas are shown by the absence of color. Afro-Asiatic    Hamitic (Berber, Cushitic) + Semitic (Ethiopian, Arabic)    Hausa (Chadic) Niger Congo    Bantu    "Guinean" (Volta-Niger, Kru)    "Western Bantoid" (Senegambian, Bak)    "Central Bantoid" (Gur)    "Eastern Bantoid" (Southern Bantoid)    Mande Nilo-Saharan (unity doubtful)    Nilotic    Central Sudanic+Eastern Sudanic    Kanuri    Songhai other    Khoi-San (unity doubtful; Khoikhoi, San, Sandawe, Hadza)    Malayo-Polynesian (Malagasy)    Indo-European (Afrikaaner) Français : Groupes ethniques d'Afrique en 1996.