fschieber/wit-captions huggingface dataset:
Model for co-regulation of microtubule polarity in axons and dendrites by different mitotic kinesins. During axonal differentiation, forces generated by cytoplasmic dynein drive plus-end-distal microtubules into the axon and nascent dendrites (not shown). (A) Forces generated by kinesin-6 at the cell body oppose the forces generated by cytoplasmic dynein, restricting the transport of plus-end-distal microtubules into the axon. As the neuron matures, kinesin-6 fuels the transport of short microtubules with their minus-end distal into all of the processes except the one designated to remain the axon, thus causing the other processes to differentiate into dendrites. (B) Forces generated by kinesin-12 behave similarly to kinesin-6 with regard to introducing minus-end-distal microtubules into the dendrite, but kinesin-12 is also present in the axon and growth cone, pushing plus-end-distal microtubules back toward the cell body. As a result, kinesin-12 behaves like kinesin-6 with regard to dendrites but produces effects more like kinesin-5 with regard to the axon.
English: Model for co-regulation of microtubule polarity in axons and dendrites by different mitotic kinesins. During axonal differentiation, forces generated by cytoplasmic dynein drive plus-end-distal microtubules into the axon and nascent dendrites (not shown). (A) Forces generated by kinesin-6 at the cell body oppose the forces generated by cytoplasmic dynein, restricting the transport of plus-end-distal microtubules into the axon. As the neuron matures, kinesin-6 fuels the transport of short microtubules with their minus-end distal into all of the processes except the one designated to remain the axon, thus causing the other processes to differentiate into dendrites. (B) Forces generated by kinesin-12 behave similarly to kinesin-6 with regard to introducing minus-end-distal microtubules into the dendrite, but kinesin-12 is also present in the axon and growth cone, pushing plus-end-distal microtubules back toward the cell body. As a result, kinesin-12 behaves like kinesin-6 with regard to dendrites but produces effects more like kinesin-5 with regard to the axon.
Map of European colonial empires throughout the world in 1914. France's annexation of Algeria cost the lives of 15,000 Frenchmen and 285,000 Algerians,[164] and by many estimates over 10 million Algerians were killed during the French rule.[165] During the Aceh War between the Sultanate of Aceh and the Kingdom of the Netherlands, 60,000–70,000 Indonesians were killed. The Herero and Namaqua peoples of Namibia endured a brutal genocide waged by Germany which caused over 100,000 deaths, while the Maji Maji Rebellion in German East Africa killed 75,000–145,000 Africans. The Portuguese conquest of Mozambique resulted in over 100,000 deaths among Portugal's adversaries and the indigenous populations. The conquest of Ethiopia by Italy at two separate points in time decimated the population, killing 17,000 in 1896 and another 275,000 from the opposing forces in 1936.[166] Belgium killed more Africans in Congo than soldiers died during the entire First World War.[167] Britain's exploitation of India let in between 15 and 29 million Indians die from starvation.[168]
Map of major world powers by year, derived from public domain animated map on wikipedia. Maps of world history BC 2000 · 1000 · 500 · 400 · 323 · 300 · 200 · 100 · 50 AD 1 · 50 · 100 · 200 · 250 · 300 · 400 · 500 · 700 · 750 · 820 · 900 · 1556 · 1700 · 1815 · 1859 Maps of colonization history 1492 · 1550 · 1600 · 1660 · 1754 · 1800 · 1812 · 1822 · 1885 · 1898 · 1914 · 1920 · 1936 · 1938 · 1945 · 1959 · 1974 · 1975 · 2007 Animated Map Maps of Cold War 1959 · 1980 · see also: Eastern Hemisphere only maps template (1300BC-1500AD) (this template: · view · discuss ) As the orriginal licence of the animation was Public Domain, this image which has been derived from it is too: This work has been released into the public domain by its author, Andrei nacu. This applies worldwide. In some countries this may not be legally possible; if so: Andrei nacu grants anyone the right to use this work for any purpose, without any conditions, unless such conditions are required by law.
固定された回転軸をもつ系に対して、力を作用させた時の物理量の関係。力のモーメント 
  
    
      
        
          
            
              τ
              →
            
          
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle {\vec {\tau }}}
  
 と位置ベクトル 
  
    
      
        
          
            
              r
              →
            
          
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle {\vec {r}}}
  
 と力 
  
    
      
        
          
            
              F
              →
            
          
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle {\vec {F}}}
  
 との関係（上の式）、および運動量のモーメント（角運動量）
  
    
      
        
          
            
              L
              →
            
          
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle {\vec {L}}}
  
 と位置ベクトル 
  
    
      
        
          
            
              r
              →
            
          
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle {\vec {r}}}
  
 と運動量 
  
    
      
        
          
            
              p
              →
            
          
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle {\vec {p}}}
  
 との関係（下の式）。
Animated GIF image demonstrating relationship between force (F), torque (τ), linear momentum (p), angular momentum (L), and position (r) of rotating particle.
Transformació de Householder per una descomposició QR: l'objectiu és trobar una transformació lineal que canviï el vector 
  
    
      
        x
      
    
    {\displaystyle x}
  
 en un vector de la mateixa longitud i que sigui col·lineal a 
  
    
      
        
          e
          
            1
          
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle e_{1}}
  
. Podríem usar una projecció ortogonal (Gram-Schmidt), però això podria ser numèricament inestable si els vectors 
  
    
      
        x
      
    
    {\displaystyle x}
  
 i 
  
    
      
        
          e
          
            1
          
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle e_{1}}
  
 són gairebé ortogonals. En lloc d'això, la transformació de Householder calcula la reflexió per la línia de punts (que és la bisectriu de l'angle entre 
  
    
      
        x
      
    
    {\displaystyle x}
  
 i 
  
    
      
        
          e
          
            1
          
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle e_{1}}
  
). L'angle màxim amb aquesta transformació és de 45 graus.
Longtemps connue sous le nom de : Kunstmann IV, cette carte de 1519, attribuée à Jorge Reinel, est très probablement identique à celle offerte au souverain espagnol (le jeune Charles Ier des Espagnes, futur Charles Quint; empereur du Saint-Empire romain germanique) à la veille du départ[1],[2],[3].  Se démarquant des représentations habituelles de l’époque par la dimension plutôt réaliste de sa « Mer du Sud » (l’océan Pacifique), elle montre également que, dans son placement du petit archipel des Moluques, objectif premier du voyage qu’on distingue à peine à l’extrême gauche du document, Magellan ne se trompe que de 9° sur 360°[4]. La carte représentée ici est un fac-similé réalisé par Otto Progel en 1836 et conservé à la Bibliothèque nationale de France[5], l’originale ayant disparu à Munich pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Également attribuée à un des frères Reinel, une autre carte similaire de 1519, cette fois en projection polaire antarctique[6],[7], est conservée à la Bibliothèque du palais de Topkapı à Istanbul sous le nom de Hazine no 1825[8],[9].
Français : Carte de 1519 attribuée à Jorge Reinel
Abbildung 8: Eine markierte Zerlegung 
  
    
      
        D
        =
        {
        (
        
          t
          
            1
          
        
        ,
        
          I
          
            1
          
        
        )
        ,
        …
        ,
        (
        
          t
          
            15
          
        
        ,
        
          I
          
            15
          
        
        )
        }
      
    
    {\displaystyle D=\{(t_{1},I_{1}),\dots ,(t_{15},I_{15})\}}
  
 eines geschlossenen 2-dimensionalen Intervalls. Eine solche Zerlegung heißt 
  
    
      
        γ
      
    
    {\displaystyle \gamma }
  
-fein, wenn 
  
    
      
        [
        
          x
          
            i
            −
            1
          
        
        ,
        
          x
          
            i
          
        
        ]
        ⊂
        γ
        (
        
          t
          
            i
          
        
        )
      
    
    {\displaystyle [x_{i-1},x_{i}]\subset \gamma (t_{i})}
  
.
Gezeigt ist eine beliebig geformte Massenverteilung der Dichte 
  
    
      
        ϱ
      
    
    {\displaystyle \varrho }
  
, die um die Achse 
  
    
      
        
          
            
              ω
              →
            
          
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle {\vec {\omega }}}
  
 rotiert. Ein Massenelement 
  
    
      
        Δ
        
          m
          
            i
          
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle \Delta m_{i}}
  
 dieser Verteilung hat den Abstand 
  
    
      
        
          
            
              
                r
                →
              
            
          
          
            i
            ,
            ⊥
          
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle {\vec {r}}_{i,\perp }}
  
 von der Drehachse und die Bahngeschwindigkeit 
  
    
      
        
          
            
              
                v
                →
              
            
          
          
            i
          
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle {\vec {v}}_{i}}
  
.
Flächengleichheit der beiden grauen Rechtecke:
 mit 
  
    
      
        c
        =
        A
        B
        ,
        
        b
        =
        A
        C
      
    
    {\displaystyle c=AB,\,b=AC}
  

 und 
  
    
      
        
          p
          
            b
            c
          
        
        =
        A
        E
        ,
        
        
          p
          
            c
            b
          
        
        =
        A
        D
      
    
    {\displaystyle p_{bc}=AE,\,p_{cb}=AD}
  

 gilt 
  
    
      
        
          |
        
        c
        
          |
        
        ⋅
        
          |
        
        
          p
          
            b
            c
          
        
        
          |
        
        =
        
          |
        
        b
        
          |
        
        ⋅
        
          |
        
        
          p
          
            c
            b
          
        
        
          |
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle |c|\cdot |p_{bc}|=|b|\cdot |p_{cb}|}
La apertura numérica con respecto a un punto  P  depende del "ángulo-mitad", 
  
    
      
        
          θ
          
            1
          
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle \theta _{1}}
  
, del cono máximo de luz que puede entrar o salir de la lente y el índice de refracción ambiente. Cuando un rayo de luz pasa a través de un plano de vidrio, su "ángulo-mitad" cambia a 
  
    
      
        
          θ
          
            2
          
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle \theta _{2}}
  
. Debido a la ley de Snell, la apertura numérica sigue siendo la misma: 
  
    
      
        
          A
          N
        
        =
        
          n
          
            1
          
        
        sin
        ⁡
        
          θ
          
            1
          
        
        =
        
          n
          
            2
          
        
        sin
        ⁡
        
          θ
          
            2
          
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle \mathrm {AN} =n_{1}\sin \theta _{1}=n_{2}\sin \theta _{2}}
  
.
Circumferències 
  
    
      
        
          
            
              I
            
          
          
            1
          
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {I}}_{1}}
  
 i 
  
    
      
        
          
            
              I
            
          
          
            2
          
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {I}}_{2}}
  
 inscrites als polígons 
  
    
      
        
          
            
              P
            
          
          
            1
          
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {P}}_{1}}
  
 i 
  
    
      
        
          
            
              P
            
          
          
            2
          
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {P}}_{2}}
  
 i incentres respectius 
  
    
      
        
          I
          
            1
          
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle I_{1}}
  
 i 
  
    
      
        
          I
          
            2
          
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle I_{2}}
Català: Circumferència inscrita a polígons
Ameba wielomianu
 
  
    
      
        P
        (
        z
        ,
        w
        )
        =
        50
        
          z
          
            3
          
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle P(z,w)=50z^{3}}
  
 
  
    
      
        +
        83
        
          z
          
            2
          
        
        w
        +
        24
        z
        
          w
          
            2
          
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle +83z^{2}w+24zw^{2}}
  
 
  
    
      
        +
        
          w
          
            3
          
        
        +
        392
        
          z
          
            2
          
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle +w^{3}+392z^{2}}
  
 
  
    
      
        +
        414
        z
        w
        +
        50
        
          w
          
            2
          
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle +414zw+50w^{2}}
  
 
  
    
      
        −
        28
        z
        +
        59
        w
        −
        100.
      
    
    {\displaystyle -28z+59w-100.}
The amoeba of P(z, w)=50 z3 +83 z2 w+24 z w2 +w3+392 z2+414 z w+50 w2 -28 z +59 w-100
Modenkonversion einer Ultraschallwelle. Eine einfallende Longitudinalwelle 
  
    
      
        
          P
          
            i
          
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle P_{i}}
  
 („P“ für engl. pressure wave, Druckwelle) wird teilweise als Scherwelle (
  
    
      
        P
        
          S
          
            r
          
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle PS_{r}}
  
) und Druckwelle (
  
    
      
        P
        
          P
          
            r
          
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle PP_{r}}
  
) reflektiert und transmittiert (
  
    
      
        P
        
          S
          
            t
          
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle PS_{t}}
  
 und 
  
    
      
        P
        
          P
          
            t
          
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle PP_{t}}
  
). Die Nomenklatur ist wie folgt: Erster Buchstabe steht für den Wellentyp der ursächlichen Welle (Primärwelle) und der zweite Buchstabe für den Typ der nach der Modenkonversion entstandenen Sekundärwellen.
Demethylation of 5-Methylcytosine (5mC) in neuron DNA.  As reviewed in 2018,[28] in brain neurons, 5mC is oxidized by the ten-eleven translocation (TET) family of dioxygenases (TET1, TET2, TET3) to generate 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC).  In successive steps TET enzymes further hydroxylate 5hmC to generate 5-formylcytosine (5fC) and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC).  Thymine-DNA glycosylase (TDG) recognizes the intermediate bases 5fC and 5caC and excises the glycosidic bond resulting in an apyrimidinic site (AP site).  In an alternative oxidative deamination pathway, 5hmC can be oxidatively deaminated by activity-induced cytidine deaminase/apolipoprotein B mRNA editing complex (AID/APOBEC) deaminases to form 5-hydroxymethyluracil (5hmU) or 5mC can be converted to thymine (Thy).  5hmU can be cleaved by TDG, single-strand-selective monofunctional uracil-DNA glycosylase 1 (SMUG1), Nei-Like DNA Glycosylase 1 (NEIL1), or methyl-CpG binding protein 4 (MBD4).  AP sites and T:G mismatches are then repaired by base excision repair (BER) enzymes to yield cytosine (Cyt).
Sacrificio de Isaac, talla de Alonso Berruguete. En este pasaje bíblico (Génesis, 22), Dios prueba la obediencia de Abraham al ordenarle sacrificar a su único hijo, que Él mismo le concedió tras años de estéril. Ofrecer tal sacrificio a Dios es, para Abraham, renunciar a lo más valioso para un patriarca, la descendencia legítima, pero obedecer la voluntad de Dios importa más que todo en el mundo y se dispone a degollar a Isaac. Al comprobar Dios la total disposición de Abraham a obedecer, le ordena que pare y cambie la víctima del sacrificio por un animal. El concepto de aceptación a la voluntad de Dios es también el centro del islam (nombre que, justamente, se traduce como "sumisión"), con Abraham por patriarca y origen del pueblo árabe (a través de Ismael) al igual que del pueblo judío (a través de Isaac). De hecho, en la tradición musulmana el hijo legítimo de Abraham es Ismael y quien iba a ser sacrificado, mientras que en la tradición judeocristiana (la reflejada en el Génesis) es un hijo ilegítimo, y no interviene en el episodio del sacrificio.[1]​
Español: Sacrificio de Isaac, escultura en madera policromada parte del retablo del monasterio de San Benito, en Valladolid, actualmente en el Museo Nacional de Escultura de Valladolid English: The Binding of Isaac, sculpture in polychromed wood, part from the altarpiece of St. Benedict monastery, in Valladolid (Spain), actually exposed in the Museo Nacional de Escultura de Valladolid Français : Le sacrifice d'Isaac, sculpture polychromée en bois, partie du retable de le monastère de Saint Benoît, à Valladolid (l'Espagne), maintenant exposée à le Museo Nacional de Escultura de Valladolid Berruguete, Alonso González de   Alternative names Alonso BerrugueteDate of birth/death 1486/89 September 1561Location of birth/death Paredes de Nava (Palencia, Spain) Toledo (Spain)Work periodRenaissance/MannerismWork location Valladolid, Zaragoza, Toledo, Sevilla
Types of Gliding Motility in Bacteria a) Type IV Pili: A cell attaches its pili to a surface or object in the direction it is traveling. The proteins in the pili are then broken down to shrink the pili pulling the cell closer to the surface or object that was it was attached to.[1] b) Specific Motility Membrane Proteins: Transmembrane proteins are attached to the host surface. This adhesion complex can either be specific to a certain type of surface like a certain cell type or generic for any solid surface. Motor proteins attached to an inner membrane force the movement of the internal cell structures in relation to the transmembrane proteins creating net movement.[2] This is driven by the proton motive force.[3] The proteins involved differ between species. An example of a bacterium that uses this mechanism would be Flavobacterium. This mechanism is still being studied and is not well understood.[4] c) Polysaccharide Jet: The cell releases a 'jet' of polysaccharide material behind it propelling it forward. This polysaccharide material is left behind.[5]
Kandidaten der NDA. In jedem der 543 Wahlkreise trat ein Kandidat der NDA an. Auch hier hatten sich die NDA-Parteien auf einen gemeinsamen Kandidaten pro Wahlkreis geeinigt.  ﻿Bharatiya Janata Party (landesweit)
 ﻿Telegu Desam Party (Andhra Pradesh)
 ﻿Shiv Sena (Maharashtra)
 ﻿Shiromani Akali Dal (Punjab)
 ﻿Lok Janshakti Party (Bihar)
 ﻿Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam (Tamil Nadu)
 ﻿Pattali Makkal Katchi (Tamil Nadu)
 ﻿Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (Tamil Nadu)
 ﻿Rashtriya Lok Samta Party (Bihar)
 ﻿Haryana Janhit Congress (Haryana)
 ﻿Apna Dal (Uttar Pradesh)
 ﻿Swabhimani Paksha (Maharashtra)
 ﻿Republican Party of India (Athvale) (Maharashtra)
 ﻿Rashtriya Samaj Paksha (Maharashtra)
 ﻿Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi (Tamil Nadu)
 ﻿Indhiya Jananayaga Katchi (Tamil Nadu)
 ﻿Kerala Congress (Nationalist) (Kerala)
 ﻿Revolutionary Socialist Party (Bolshevik) (Kerala)
 ﻿Naga People’s Front (Nagaland)
 ﻿United Democratic Front (Mizoram)
 ﻿National People’s Party (Meghalaya)
 ﻿All India N. R. Congress (Puducherry)
 ﻿Urkhao Gwra Brahma (Unabhängiger) (Assam)
English: Seat-sharing arrangement of the Bharatiya Janata Party-led National Democratic Alliance for the 2014 Indian general election. Key   Bharatiya Janata Party (National Party)   Telegu Desam Party (Andhra Pradesh)   Shiv Sena (Maharashtra)   Shiromani Akali Dal (Punjab)   Lok Janshakti Party (Bihar)   Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam (Tamil Nadu)   Pattali Makkal Katchi (Tamil Nadu)   Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (Tamil Nadu)   Rashtriya Lok Samata Party (Bihar)   Haryana Janhit Congress (Haryana)   Apna Dal (Uttar Pradesh)   Swabhimani Paksha (Maharashtra)   Republican Party of India (Athvale) (Maharashtra)   Rashtriya Samaj Paksha (Maharashtra)   Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi (Tamil Nadu)   Indhiya Jananayaga Katchi (Tamil Nadu)   Kerala Congress (Nationalist) (Kerala)   Revolutionary Socialist Party (Bolshevik) (Kerala)   Naga People's Front (Nagaland)   United Democratic Front (Mizoram)   National People's Party (Meghalaya)   All India N.R. Congress (Puducherry)   Urkhao Gwra Brahma (Independent candidate) (Assam)   None
Na obrázku je nádoba, v jejíž levé části se nachází koncentrovaný roztok látky v rozpouštědle a v její pravé části samo rozpouštědlo, případně slabý roztok téže látky v něm. Polopropustná membrána uprostřed představuje bariéru, přes kterou rozpuštěná látka nemůže procházet, avšak rozpouštědlo přes ni procházet (difundovat) může. Při tomto uspořádání experimentu pozorujeme samovolný vzestup hladiny kapaliny v levé části nádoby a odpovídající úbytek na pravé straně. K průchodu rozpouštědla membránou dochází tedy převážně ve směru ze řidšího roztoku do roztoku koncentrovanějšího. Tíha vzrůstajícího množství kapaliny v levé části nádoby vytváří hydrostatický tlak na membránu a pokračující difuze rozpouštědla probíhá proti tomuto tlaku. Proces pokračuje do dosažení rovnováhy mezi oběma silami. Sílu konající zde práci proti síle gravitační nazýváme osmotickou silou. Tato síla je funkcí chemických vlastností systému. Průchod rozpouštědla se zastaví, když rozdíl koncentrací poklesne natolik, že se osmotická síla sníží na velikost opačně působící gravitační síly.
Ворота Кэнрэй (建礼門, けんれいもん, кэнрэй мон)
Ворота Кэнсюн (建春門, けんしゅんもん, кэнсюн-мон)
Ворота Сакухэй (朔平門, さくへいもん, сакухэй-мон)
Ворота Кого (皇后門, こうごうもん, кого-мон)
Ворота Сэйсё (清所門, せいしょもん, сэйсё-мон)
Ворота Гисю (宜秋門, ぎしゅうもん, гисю-мон)
Ворота Сёмэй (承明門, しょうめいもん, сёмэй-мон)
Ворота Никка (日華門, にっかもん, никка-мон)
Ворота Гэкка (月華門, げっかもん, гэкка-мон)
Тронный зал Сисин (紫宸殿, ししんでん, сисин-дэн)
Зал-помещение Сэйрё (清涼殿, せいりょうでん, сейрё-дэн)
Малый дворец Когосё (小御所, こごしょ, ко-госё)
Учебный зал (御学問所, ごがくもんじょ, гогакумон-сё)
Зал Сюнко (春興殿, しゅんこうでん, сюнко-дэн)
Новый гараж (新御車寄, しんみくるまよせ, син-микурума-ёсэ)
Кабинеты министров (諸大夫の間, しょだいぶのま, сёдайбу-но-ма)
Гараж (御車寄, みくるまよせ, син-микурума-ёсэ)
Тройной кабинет (御三間, おみま, о-мима)
Цунэноготэн (常御殿, つねのごてん, цунэ-но-готэн)
Зал отдыха (御涼所, おすずみしょ, о-судзумисё)
Цветочный зал (御花御殿, おはなごてん, о-хана готэн)
Зал Императрицы (皇后宮常御殿, こうごうぐうつねのごてん, когогу цунэ-но-готэн)
Усадьба ароматов (飛香舎, ひぎょうしゃ, бигё-ся)
Зал принцев (若宮御殿, わかみやごてん, вакамия готэн)
Зал принцесс (姫宮御殿, ひめみやごてん, химэмия готэн)
Зал Сандай (参内殿, さんだいでん, сандай-дэн)
Русский: Киотский Императорский дворец