fschieber/wit-captions huggingface dataset:
Mural: Battle of Lake Erie, 10 September 1813. (1959) by Charles Robert Patterson and Howard B. French, U.S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland. Niagara joins the battle. Detroit and Queen Charlotte at right.
English: Battle of Lake Erie, 10 September 1813 Mural begun by Charles Robert Patterson and completed in 1959 by Howard B. French. It depicts the U.S. Brig Niagara, flagship of Master Commandant Oliver Hazard Perry, raking the British warships Queen Charlotte and Detroit, which are afoul of each other after colliding. Niagara is flying Perry's "Don't Give Up the Ship" battle flag at her mainmast peak. This mural, presented to the U.S. Naval Academy by Admiral and Mrs. Thomas C. Hart, is on display in the Academy's Memorial Hall.
Юбілейны значок[118], з удзячлівасцю і шанаваннем падораны Эдварду Вайніловічу членамі Мінскага таварыства сельскай гаспадаркі ў 25-ю гадавіну яго працы ў таварыстве. Дызайнер значка Генрык Вейсенгоф, 1913 г.
English: Badge presented to Edward Woynillowicz by Minsk agricultural society's members in 1913 AD Русский: Юбилейный значок, подаренный Эдварду Войниловичу (1847-1928) членами Минского общества сельского хозяйства, 1913 г. Беларуская: Юбілейны значок, падараваны Эдварду Адамавічу Вайніловічу (1847-1928) членамі Мінскага таварыства сельскай гаспадаркі ў 25-ю гадавіну працы ў таварыстве
Das Nürnberger Opernviertel am Altstadtring (Frauentorgraben) links/östlich der Oper das Sigmund-Schuckert-Haus, rechts/westlich davon das Hotel Deutscher Hof; im Hintergrund das 1959 eröffnete Schauspielhaus
Deutsch: Opernviertel (Nürnberg)
Portrait of Thomas Reade Rootes Cobb, elected a delegate from district 6 to the Southern Convention in Montgomery, Alabama, February 4, 1861-T.R.R. Cobb died at the Battle of Fredericksburg December 13, 1862.
English: Portrait of Thomas Reade Rootes Cobb painted by Horace James Bradley c. 1860
På de steder, hvor der stadig (eller igen) er skov i Island, danner træerne et særligt mildt mikroklima, hvor vækst og frodighed er langt bedre end i det åbne land  (se forholdene på skråningen i baggrunden).
Dansk: Skovbiotop i Island. English: Forest habitat in Iceland
Sanitätszug in Les Verrières für die Verwundeten der Bourbaki-Armee während des Deutsch-Französischen Krieges von 1870/71. Ausschnitt aus dem Riesenrundgemälde von Edouard Castres im Bourbaki-Panorama Luzern.
Deutsch: Sanitätszug in Les Verrières für die Verwundeten der Bourbaki-Armee während des Deutsch-Französischen Krieges von 1870/71 Ausschnitt aus dem Riesenrundgemälde von Edouard Castres im Bourbaki-Panorama Luzern
Generales Juan Carlos Onganía, Roberto Marcelo Levingston y Alejandro Lanusse, los tres dictadores sucesivos de la "Revolución Argentina" que ostentaron de facto el cargo de Presidente de la Nación Argentina.
Generales Juan Carlos Onganía, Marcelo Levingston y Alejandro Lanusse. Revolución Argentina (1966-1972). Argentina.
Ms. Navanethem Pillay, High Commissioner for Human Rights, on the Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination 2010. The theme for this year was “Disqualify Racism”. Photo by Eric Bridiers, 22 March 2010.
The Permanent Mission of the United States of America, the Permanent Mission of South Africa, and the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights hosted a screening of the movie Invictus, to observe the International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination. The theme for this year “Disqualify Racism” draws attention to the interface between racism and sport. Brief introductory remarks were made by the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Ms. Navanethem Pillay, the Ambassador of South Africa Mr. Jerry Matthews Matjila and the Ambassador of the United States of America, Ms. Betty E. King. March 22, 2010 U.S. Mission Photo: Eric Bridiers
Королівство Імерина у 1828 р.     Приєднані території до 1840 р.     Незалежні території  Приєднані:
 1: Сакалава
 2: Танала, Антесака, Антайфасі
 Незалежні:
 3: Сакалава
 4: Бара
 5: Магафалі
 6: Антадруй
Nederlands: Uitbreiding koninkrijk Madagaskar onder Ranavalona I
Les jardins du domaine du Rayol, dans le Var, « [abordent] frontalement la question du brassage planétaire au sein du biome méditerranéen soumis au feu, considéré ici comme un outil du jardinage planétaire ».
English: Rock garden with Mexican flora from Domaine du Rayol
Iacobus Merrill et David Jackson Athenis Graeciae domi stant, mense Octobri 1973. Proximos annos septem,  plurimum Mutantis apud Sandover Lucis per tabulam ouijanam confecerint. Photographema: Judith Moffett.
English: James Merrill (1926-1995) and David Noyes Jackson in Athens, 14 October 1973
Haymarket vendors in 1973. Note the campaign sticker for Emanuel "Gus" Serra, who represented the First Suffolk District from 1970 to 1998. Serra ran for state senate in 1973 but lost to Michael LoPresti, Jr.
En skulptur av Momo, utført av Ulrike Enders (f 1944) på Michael-Ende-Platz i Hannover. 
I romanen fremstilles den vesle jenta Momo som den siste uskyldige i en verden som er forgiftet av «de grå herrene».[1]
Deutsch: Plastik "Momo" von Ulrike Enders am Michael-Ende-Platz in Hannover.English: Sculpture "Momo" by Ulrike Enders located at Michael-Ende-Platz square in Hanover, Germany.
Präsentation des VW e-load up! bei der Eröffnung der Ausstellung „Hannover aufgeladen!“ am 10. Februar 2015 im Historischen Museum Hannover
(v.l.: Raimund Nowak, Jürgen Leohold, Olaf Lies und Stefan Schostok)
Deutsch: Während der Pressekonferenz vor der Talkrunde zur Eröffnung der Ausstellung Hannover aufgeladen! Elektromobilität zwischen Wunsch und Wirklichkeit vom 10. Februar bis 13. Juni 2015 (zugleich die diesjährige Nacht der Museen) im Historischen Museum Hannover postierten sich hinter dem neuen Volkswagen e-load up!, laut Aufschrift „Der kleine Elektro-Stadtlieferwagen“ (von links): Raimund Nowak (Geschäftsführer der Metropolregion Hannover-Braunschweig-Göttingen-Wolfsburg, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Leohold (Leiter Konzernforschung und Leiter der AutoUni der Volkswagen AG in Wolfsburg), Olaf Lies (Niedersächsischer Minister für Wirtschaft, Arbeit und Verkehr) und der Oberbürgermeister der Landeshauptstadt Hannover, Stefan Schostok ...
Blois’n linnan pihajulkisivujen tyylejä oikealta vasemmalle: Ludvig II:n siiven koristeellista keskiaikaisen linnan gotiikkaa, Frans I:n siiven renessanssia ja Gaston d’Orléansin siiven klassisistista tyyliä.
Français : Château de Blois, Loir-et-Cher, Centre, France. Panorama des façades intérieures. De droite à gauche: l'aile flamboyant Louis XII, le château gothique du Moyen Âge, l'aile Renaissance François Ier, et l'aile classique Gaston d'Orléans. English: Château de Blois, Loir-et-Cher, Centre, France. Panorama of the interior façades. From right to left: the Louis XII flamboyant wing, the medieval Gothic castle, the François I Renaissance wing, and the Gaston d'Orléans classic wing.
Ullevaal Stadion er Norges nasjonalarena for fotball. Her spiller herrelandslaget sine hjemmekamper, og Ullevaal er også fast finalearena for Norgesmesterskapet i fotball for menn. Foto: Wilhelm Joys Andersen
Norsk bokmål: Ullevaal Stadion i Oslo.
Epithélium de cholestéatome (E) infiltré par des cellules de Langherans (flèches) provenant du stroma inflammatoire (S) et révélées par la vimentine. K, kératine - Sb, stratum basale - Sg, Stratum granulosum.
Français : Epithélium d'un cholestéatome dans lequel pénètrent des cellules de Langherans provenant du stroma.
The "Chief Cuddler" on display at Fort Sam Houston. Made by Staff Sgt. Adam R. Irby a member of the 28th Combat Support Hospital, to safely rewarm patients in the Surgical Intensive Care Unit in Iraq in 2003.
English: The "Chief Cuddler" on display at Fort Sam Houston. Made by Staff Sgt. Adam R. Irby to safely rewarm patients in the Surgical Intensive Care Unit in Iraq in 2003, run by the 28th Combat Support Hospital.
Looking south-east along the Rhee Wall, about half a mile south-east of Brenzett. The right-hand side is occupied by the main road, the A259; the width of the Rhee Wall extends as far as the barn on the left.
English: Rhee Wall, Callington Court Farm An idea of the width of the watercourse can be gleaned from this image. The A259 occupies only a small section on the right hand side. The scrub between the road and the barn is also part of the wall evident in the raised bank. Sections of the non-road part of the wall still exist but a fair proportion have now been ploughed out.
Louisville's former 70-foot-tall Confederate Monument, adjacent to and surrounded by the University of Louisville Belknap Campus. Due to political pressures, the monument was relocated to Brandenburg in 2016.
This is an image of a place or building that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places in the United States of America. Its reference number is 97000689 More images English: The Louisville Confederate Monument.
"The Holy Trinity", as Ohio mayors (left to right) Henry Thomas Hunt of Cincinnati, Brand Whitlock of Toledo, and Newton D. Baker of Cleveland were called, following the mayoral elections of November 4, 1911.
Mayors (left to right) Henry Thomas Hunt of Cincinnati, Brand Whitlock of Toledo, Newton D. Baker of Cleveland.
Flyfoto av Kabelvåg i Vågan kommune omkring 1930. Krysset til høyre for Vågan kirke («Lofotkatedralen») markerer Lofoten folkehøgskole som ble etablert i 1901. .l Postkort: Åsen Museum og Historielag/Foto-Fly
Flyfoto av Kabelvåg ca. 1930. Midt i bildet skimtes Vågan kirke ("Lofotkatedralen"). Krysset til høyre for kirka markerer en folkehøgskole. Bildet er sendt som postkort til Ivar Lund fra Knut, og er datert Finn-neset 20.12.1932. Fotograf / Photographer: Fly-Foto, Oslo Fotoeier / Photo owner: Åsen Museum og Historielag Digitalisering / Digitizing: Arne Langås Foto-ID / Photo ID: 001-0530 Hvis bildet gjengis i andre sammenhenger, oppgi Åsen Museum og Historielag, fotoeier og fotograf som kildereferanse. Har du utfyllende opplysninger? Legg gjerne igjen en kommentar nedenfor eller send e-post til post@aasenhistorie.no. | If you re-use this photo, please refer to Åsen Museum og Historielag, the photographer and the owner of the photo. Do you have additional information? Please leave a comment or send an e-mail to post@aasenhistorie.no. | www.aasenhistorie.no
Uprostřed čínské znaky pro Čínu; shora zleva – bambusová kniha Umění války, Stěna devíti draků v zakázaném městě, Velká čínská zeď, ruiny nedaleko oázy Turfan, kaligrafie
z období Dynastie Sung, věštecká kost
中文: 中国主题图片混合。 English: Composite piece with a Chinese theme - derivative work, center piece by Nat Français : Composite sur le thème de la Chine
Казанская часовня.
Объект культурного наследия народов РФ федерального значения Объект культурного наследия народов РФ федерального значения. Рег. № 471510263020026 (ЕГРОКН). Объект № 4710110001 (БД Викигида)
Русский: Часовня: Шлиссельбург, Кировский район, Ленинградская область This is a photo of a cultural heritage object in Russia, number: 4710110003 This template and pages using it are maintained by the Russian WLM team. Please read the guidelines before making any changes that can affect the monuments database!
Obraz Štvanice na medvědy nacházející se nad krbem Velkého sálu zámku Ohrada (kopie obrazu, 1714, lovecký zámek Ohrada. Originál ve Schwarzenberské knížecí sbírce ve Štýrském loveckém muzeu, Stainz, Rakousko)
Čeština: Velký sál zámku Ohrada, krb s obrazem Štvanice na medvědy od Johanna Georga de Hamiltona
Regras de Cuisenaire: o 5 (amarelo) non pode ser dividido exactamente en 2 (vermello) por calquera dúas regras da mesma cor e lonxitude, mentres que 6 (verde escuro) pode dividirse en dúas de 3 (verde claro).
English: Parity (odd or even) of the numbers 5 and 6 depicted using Cuisenaire rods. 5 can't be evenly divided in two by any two rods of the same color/length, while 6 can be evenly divided in two by 3.
Vista de la desembocadura del Bidasoa. En primer plano, el lado español, con Fuenterrabía y el aeropuerto de San Sebastián. En la otra orilla, Hendaya, con la bahía de txingudi junto al puerto de la localidad
Euskara: Bidasoa ibaiaren ahoa, Hondarribia eta Hendaia artean.Français : L'embouchure de la Bidassoa et ses environs, vue aérienne vers l'Est. La Bidassoa marque ici la frontière France-Espagne. De gauche à droite, au premier plan (côté espagnol) (sur Irun) : la plage d'Hondarribia sur la côte, le bourg, son aéroport San Sebastian à droite de l'agglomération. La piste de l'aéroport commence près du bord droit de la photo entre Anute-Kosta (le petit village de notre côté de la piste) et Mendelu (non-visible, juste à droite de la photo, de même qu'Irun-ville), et se termine dans la baie de Chingoudy, dans l'estuaire de la Bidassoa. En rive droite de la Bidassoa (côté français), de gauche à droite : Hendaye-Plage ; le quartier de Sokoburu et le port d'Hendaye ; la baie de Chingoudy, bordée par trois zones boisées : Sascoenea, Larrun (ne pas confondre avec la Rhune ou Larrun, montagne locale) et Urritzi ; le centre ville ; la gare d'Hendaye, avec derrière elle le quartier d'Hapetenea ; les quatre ponts sur la Bidassoa entre Hendaye et Hondarribia, avec au milieu de la Bidassoa l'île Santiagoaurra en territoire espagnol. En remontant le cours de la Bidassoa, derrière Hapatenea : la zone industrielle des Jonceaux, avec sur le bord de l'image le bout de l'île aux Faisans (le bouquet d'arbres au milieu de la rivière) puis le pont de Béhobie (sur la D810, commune d'Urrugne sur 90 m de rivière) juste avant l'escarpement rocheux qui longe la rivière sur la commune de Biriatou. Derrière cet escarpement rocheux, le ruban gris de l'autoroute A63 qui longe le flanc nord du Lumaberde (qui forme une mini-chaîne de environ 900 m de long, commune de Biriatou) juste avant d'arriver à la Bidassoa. Derrière le Lumaberde, les premiers contreforts du mont du Calvaire (commune d'Urrugne). Sur la gauche de l'autoroute, en face de la vallée qui sépare le Lumaberde du mont du Calvaire, le mont du Gazteluzahar dont la partie Est (vers nous) est sur Biriatou et la partie ouest sur Urrugne. En remontant le long de la côte : après Hendaye, la pointe Sainte-Anne (territoire d'Hendaye) avec l'anse de la baie de Lohia sur sa côte ouest. La corniche de falaises (territoire d'Urrugne), avec au bout la pointe de Socoa et son phare à l'entrée de l'estuaire de la Nivelle. Ciboure en rive gauche (vers nous) de la Nivelle, Saint-Jean-de-Luz en rivre droite. Puis Guéthary et Bidart. Le village d'Urrugne est à droite et légèrement en dessous de Ciboure. A l'extrême gauche de la photo, Biarritz.Español: Vista aérea de la bahía de Chingudi.
Richard Whittington and his Cat, considered a "fictitious portrait".[97]
—Benoist's engraving, after a lost painting at Mercers' Hall,[97] from The New Wonderful Museum, and Extraordinary Magazine (1805).[98]
Portraits of Sir Richard Whittington, & his Cat from an original painting at Mercers Hall. 19th Century engraving printed for Alex Hogg and Co, London. Though missing the signature, this otherwise appears to be an exact replica of the etching by Guillaume Philippe Benoist (a 1766 print is shown on web at at National Portrait Gallery)[1]
The wheelchair basketball classification system used during the 1980s was mostly functional, but had medical lesion based elements as a guideline.  A maximum of 14 points was allowed on the floor at any time.
English: The wheelchair basketball classification system used during the 1980s was mostly functional, but had medical lesion based elements as a guideline.
За работой в мастерской художественной росписи по фарфору. Ленинград. Л. В. Х. П. У. 1948 год. Второй курс. На фото Бронислав Быструшкин — пятый справа, преподаватель Мария Петровна Кириллова — третья справа.
Русский: За работой в мастерской художественной росписи по фарфору. Ленинград. Л.В.Х.П.У. 1948 год. Второй курс. На фото Бронислав Быструшкин - пятый справа, преподаватель М.П.Кириллова - третья справа. English: Soviet sculptor Bronislav Bystrushkin (1926-1977). Lomonosov's Porcelain Factory, Leningrad, USSR
Exemple de lissage exponentiel simple. Données brutes : températures moyennes quotidiennes à la station météo de Paris-Montsouris (France) du 01/01/1960 au 29/02/1960. Données lissées avec le facteur α = 0,1.
Français : Exemple de lissage exponentiel simple. Données brutes : températures moyennes quotidiennes à la station météo de Paris-Montsouris (France) du 1960/01/01 au 1960/02/29. Données lissées avec le facteur alpha = 0.1. English: Simple exponential smoothing example. Raw data: mean daily temperatures at the Paris-Montsouris weather station (France) from 1960/01/01 to 1960/02/29. Smoothed data with alpha factor = 0.1.
Une des galeries visitable de la mine, avec une ancienne motrice diesel. On reconnait notamment cette motrice et ses wagons dans le film Marina de Stijn Coninx, pour lequel la mine a notamment servi de décors
Français : Ancienne gallerie de mine du Charbonnage d'Argenteau ("Blegny-Mine", UNESCO) à fr:Blegny en Belgique English: Ancient mine gallery of the Argenteau coal mine ("Blegny-Mine", UNESCO) in Blegny, Belgium
Ілюстрація скінченної афінної площини третього порядку, яка містить 9 точок та 12 прямих. «Прямі» одного кольору є «паралельними» в розумінні того, що перетин множини точок в прямих одного кольору є порожнім.
Em termos da teoria de perturbação de acoplamento fraco parece haver apenas cinco consistentes teorias das supercordas  conhecidas como: Tipo I, Tipo IIA, Tipo IIB,  Tipo Heterótica SO(32) e Heterótica E8×E8.
Antiguo dispositivo de rayos de luz violeta con electrodo de vidrio (izquierda) y caja de control.  Cuando se le suministra electricidad, el electrodo de vidrio emite una refulgencia de color violeta (centro)
Deutsch: Hochfrequenz 309 ist die einzige Aufschrift auf diesem Gerät das mehr oder weniger lange vor 1956 gebaut wurde. Die Metadaten zu diesem Bild sind völlig falsch, aber leider kann man sie hier nicht verändern. Benutzer:Karl Bednarik fotografiert am 3. Dezember 2006, es wurden drei Fotos mit Microsoft Paint vereinigt: In der Bildmitte sieht man das violett leuchtende Argon und am unteren Rand sieht man das Innenleben des Gerätes mit dem Wagnerschen Hammer in der Mitte, dessen mechanische Amplitude durch eine Stellschraube geregelt wird. English: A violet ray appliance, an antique quack medical device from the early 20th century for applying high voltage, high frequency electric current to the body. It consists of a high voltage Tesla transformer in the box, connected to the glass electrode (left). When turned on, the electrode tube gave off a violet glow (inset, center). It was applied to various parts of the body to treat different complaints. RF 309 is the only inscription on this device that was built more or less long ago in 1956. The metadata for this picture are completely wrong, but unfortunately you can not change it here. User: Karl Bednarik photographed on 3 December 2006 it was combined with Microsoft Paint three photos: In the middle you see the purple glowing argon and at the bottom you can see the inner workings of the device with the Wagner's hammer in the middle, the mechanical amplitude is governed by a set screw.
The spot where Agee's home run landed at Shea Stadium. The marker was removed during the demolition of Shea Stadium and was sold to a private collector, who has it on display in his backyard.[citation needed]
The spot in Shea Stadium's Upper Deck commemorating the longest home run hit at Shea Stadium
A tripod packing and its corresponding monotone matrix. This example corresponds to the 2-comparable set {(1,1,1), (1,3,3), (2,1,2), (2,4,3), (3,1,4), (3,4,5), (4,2,1), (4,5,3), (5,2,2), (5,3,4), (5,5,5)}.[1]
VLT-SPHERE images of asteroid 10 Hygiea, taken in June/July 2017. A bright surface feature and several dark craters are visible on the surface. At the time, the southern hemisphere of Hygiea was facing Earth.
English: VLT/SPHERE images of asteroid 10 Hygiea, taken in June/July 2017. A bright surface feature and several dark craters are visible on the surface. At the time, the southern hemisphere was pointing towards Earth, with the region south of 20°N visible. Credit: ESO/P. Vernazza et al./MISTRAL algorithm (ONERA/CNRS)
Den amerikanske sociolog Janet Abu-Lughod’s kort over kulturer i den kendte verden i 1200-tallet. De overlappende ovaler viser hvordan hver kultur har kendt til sine naboer, men ikke til de fjernere kulturer.
OPROP! med fejl i stavning, grammatik og ordvalg. Det er underskrevet af general Leonhard Kaupisch, der ledede invasionen den 9. april 1940 og derefter blev øverstkommanderende for de tyske styrker i Danmark.
For documentary purposes the German Federal Archive often retained the original image captions, which may be erroneous, biased, obsolete or politically extreme. Leonhard Kaupisch General der Flieger Kaupisch Scherl-Bilderdienst, Berlin "Fr" OKW April 1940 [General Leonhard Kaupisch (Porträt)] Abgebildete Personen: Kaupisch, Leonhard: General, Militärbefehlshaber in Dänemark, Deutschland
Rødreven er en figur i folkediktning og populærkultur i mange land. Bildet viser Theodor Kittelsens illustrasjon til det norske folkeeventyret «Reveenka»[7] i Barne-Eventyr av Asbjørnsen og Moe utgitt i 1915.
Colonne de soldats du 66e régiment d'infanterie marchant, des petits drapeaux au bout des fusils, vers la gare de Tours le 5 août 1914 au matin ; ils arrivent à Flavigny-sur-Moselle (près de Nancy) le 6 août.
Français : Départ du 66e Régiment d'infanterie le 5 août 1914.
"Inside Your Heaven" fez de Carrie Underwood a sexta artista feminina a estrear uma canção no topo da tabela, e marcou a primeira vez que uma canção de estreia consegue estrear na primeira posição da Hot 100.
Carrie Underwood Blown Away Tour
Dados en forma de rodillo o trompo. Estos tienen el inconveniente de requerir una superficie más lisa y menos inclinada, y su rodadura tarda más en estabilizarse. Se muestran dados de 6, 8, 10, 12 y 20 caras.
Patrně nejnáročnější akcí záchranného projektu UNESCO bylo přemístění chrámů v Abú Simbelu. Skalní masiv, do nějž byly chrámy vytesány, byl rozřezán na bloky a po přesunu na výše položené místo znovu sestaven
English: Ramses's face to the "number two" colossal statue is lifted into place, since the great temple is built on the above-lying plateau. Face weighs 19.6 tonnes and concrete reinforcement in the back of 4.58 tons. Between corners, the distance 108 cm. The temple's facade is 33 meters high and 38 m wide. The temple is hewn from the rock. Svenska: Ramses ansikte till "tvåans" kolossalstaty lyfts på plats, sedan stora templet återuppförts på den ovanliggande platån. Ansiktet väger 19,6 ton och betongförstärkningen i dess baksida 4,58 ton. Mellan mungiporna är avståndet 108 cm. Templets fasad är 33 m hög och 38 m bred. Templet är helt hugget ur klippan.
Perkembangan Kemaharajaan Sriwijaya, bermula di Palembang pada abad VII, menyebar ke sebagian besar Sumatra, Semenanjung Malaya, Jawa, Kamboja, hingga surut sebagai Kerajaan Malayu Dharmasraya pada abad XIII.
English: Expansion map of Srivijayan empire, started in Palembang in 7th century, expanding to Sumatra, Malay Peninsula, Java, Cambodia, and ended as Malayu Dharmasraya kingdom in Jambi in the 13th century.Bahasa Indonesia: Peta perkembangan Kemaharajaan Sriwijaya, bermula di Palembang pada abad VII, menyebar ke sebagian besar Sumatera, Semenanjung Malaya, Jawa, Kamboja, hingga berakhir sebagai Kerajaan Malayu Dharmasraya di Jambi pada abad XIII.