fschieber/wit-captions huggingface dataset:
XMM-Newton spectrum from superheated iron atoms at the inner edge of the accretion disk orbiting the neutron star in Serpens X-1. The line is usually a symmetrical peak, but it exhibits the classic features of distortion due to relativistic effects. The extremely fast motion of the iron-rich gas causes the line to spread out. The entire line has been shifted to longer wavelengths (left, red) because of the neutron star's powerful gravity. The line is brighter toward shorter wavelengths (right, blue) because Einstein's special theory of relativity predicts that a high-speed source beamed toward Earth will appear brighter than the same source moving away from Earth. Credit: Sudip Bhattacharyya and Tod Strohmayer.
English: The XMM-Newton spectral signature from superheated iron atoms at the inner edge of the accretion disk orbiting the neutron star in Serpens X-1. Normally, the line would be a symmetrical peak, but it exhibits the classic features of distortion due to relativistic effects. The extremely fast motion of the iron-rich gas causes the line to spread out. The entire line has been shifted to longer wavelengths (left, red) because of the neutron star's powerful gravity. The line is brighter toward shorter wavelengths (right, blue) because Einstein's special theory of relativity predicts that a high-speed source beamed toward Earth will appear brighter than the same source moving away from Earth.
Амплитуды быстрого преобразования Фурье для разного количества компонент разложения 
  
    
      
        N
      
    
    {\displaystyle N}
  
. Первый случай: 
  
    
      
        N
        =
        L
        −
        10
      
    
    {\displaystyle N=L-10}
  
, где 
  
    
      
        L
      
    
    {\displaystyle L}
  
 — количество отсчётов сигнала; второй случай: 
  
    
      
        N
        =
        L
      
    
    {\displaystyle N=L}
  
; третий: 
  
    
      
        N
        =
        L
        +
        10
      
    
    {\displaystyle N=L+10}
  
. В первом и последних случаях спектральные характеристики оцениваются менее точно. Данный эффект связан с явлением Гиббса[en].
English: The first case relates to the smaller than signal length number of FFT points; the second - equal; the last - larger.
Una pirámide trófica (a) y una simplificada red alimenticia (b) ilustrando las relaciones ecológicas entre las criaturas que son típicas de un ecosistema terrestre boreal. La pirámide trófica representa la biomasa de forma aproximada (usualmente medida como peso seco total) en cada nivel. Las plantas generalmente tienen la mayor biomasa. Los nombres de las categorías tróficas se muestran a la derecha de la pirámide. Algunos ecosistemas, como los humedales, no se organizan de forma de pirámide estrictamente, ya que las plantas acuáticas no son tan productivas como las terrestres de larga vida (árboles). Las pirámides tróficas son generalmente de uno de tres tipos: 1) de números 2) de biomasa, 3) de energía.[11]​
Español: Pirámide trófica e ilustración simple de interacciones en un ecocsistema. Traducido al español de su versión en inglés.
Ізотерми реального газу (схематично)
 Лінії:
  Сині — ізотерми за температури нижчої від критичної. Зелені ділянки на них — метастабільні стани.
 Червона — критична ізотерма.
 Блакитні — надкритичні ізотерми.
 Точки:
 Точка F — точка кипіння.
 Точка K — критична точка.
 Точка G — точка роси.
 Ділянки:
 Ділянка, що лежить лівіше від точки F — нормальна рідина.
 Пряма FG — рівновага рідкої і газоподібної фази.
 Ділянка FA — перегріта рідина.
 Ділянка F′A — розтягнена рідина (p<0)
 Ділянка AC — аналітичне продовження ізотерми, фізично неможливий стан.
 Ділянка CG — пересичена (переохолоджена) пара.
 Ділянка, що лежить правіше від точки G — нормальний газ (перегріта пара).
 Примітка: Площі фігур FAB і GCB однакові.
Komponenty Helicobacter pylori s biologickou aktivitou: niektoré z nich majú priamy účinok na vnútrobunkový metabolický proces hostiteľa.   (Legenda: Flagella-bičíky- podiel na mobilite baktérie a na chemotaxii aby kolonizovala pod sliznicu; Ureáza – neutralizuje kyselinu žalúdka a prostredníctvom amoniaku poškodzuje sliznicu žalúdka; Lipopolysacharidy- adherujú k bunke hostiteľa a spôsobujú zápal; Exotoxíny- VacA- poškodzuje sliznicu; Typ IV sekrécie;  Secretory enzymes- sekretorické enzýmy-mucináza, proteáza, lipáza- spôsobujú poškodenie sliznice; Outer proteins- vonkajšie proteíny- adherujú ku povrchu baktérie; Efektory (CagA atď.) - remodelujú aktín, indukujú IL-8 a rast bunky hostiteľa, inhibujú apoptózu).
Schematic diagram of virulence factors of Helicobacter pylori, with English annotation
Illustration aus The Physiognomist’s Own Book, 1841; originale Bildunterschrift: „Ähnlichkeit zwischen Mensch und Affe. – Aristoteles lehnte sehr kleine Augen ab. Galen sagt, dass sehr kleine Augen ein sicheres Zeichen für Verzagtheit sind. […] Wer eine flache Nase hat, sagte Aristoteles zu Alexander, ist lasziv. Eine kurze und flache Nase, sagt Polemon, deutet auf eine Neigung zum Stehlen hin. […] Kleine Ohren sind nach Aristoteles bei Menschen verbreitet, die wie der Affe von Natur träge und süchtig nach Diebstahl sind. […] Adamantius versichert, dass sie dem gerissenen und boshaften Mann eigen sind. […] Adamantius versichert, dass ein kleines Gesicht den schlauen und schmeichlerischen Mann kennzeichnet. […]“
Esquema geral do mecanismo catalítico da nitrogenase. A) As componentes I e II encontram-se dissociadas; II está pronta para ser reduzida. B) O ATP liga-se à componente II, que por sua vez recebe electrões de um dador electrónico; a ligação do ATP induz uma mudança conformacional alostérica que permite a associação das duas proteínas. Ocorre transferência de electrões do centro [4Fe-4S] de II para o centro P de I. C) Os electrões são transportados para o centro FeMo e o ATP é hidrolisado a ADP. Este passo ocorre diversas vezes antes da ligação de um N2 ao centro FeMo. D) O complexo proteico dissocia-se e a nitrogenase reduz o N2 a NH3 e H2. I: componente I; II: componente II; Fdx: ferredoxina; Fld: flavodoxina.
Tombstone of the knight Titus Cornasidius Sabinus, detailing a typical equestrian career in the imperial period. Sabinus initially held posts in the local government of Lavinium, a town in Latium, then served as a military officer, first as praefectus (commander) of cohors I Montanorum (in Pannonia), then tribunus militum of legio II Augusta (in Britannia), and finally praefectus of ala veterana Gallorum (in Aegyptus). Then, after a stint as subpraefectus classis (deputy commander) of the imperial fleet at Ravenna, Sabinus was governor of the Alpes Poeninae and then of Dacia Apulensis provinces. His son, who erected the memorial, is described as of equo publico rank. Dated to the early Severan period (193–211).
CIL IX, 5439 Carrera de Cornasidio Sabino, procurator Augusti
Tri različne verižnice, odvisne od vodoravne sile 
  
    
      
        
          
            T
            
              
                H
              
            
          
          
          
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle \scriptstyle T_{\rm {H}}\!\,}
  
, pri tem pa je 
  
    
      
        
          a
          =
          λ
          H
          
            /
          
          
            T
            
              
                H
              
            
          
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle \scriptstyle a=\lambda H/T_{\rm {H}}}
  
 kjer je 
  
    
      
        λ
        
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle \lambda \!\,}
  
 masa na enoto dolžine.
English: Three different catenary curves through the same points. Each curve corresponds to different values of horizontal force T H {\displaystyle T_{H}\,} , being a = T H w H {\displaystyle a={\frac {T_{H}}{wH}}} , and w the weight per unit of length
Professores da Faculdade de Direito da então Universidade de Minas Gerais; foto da década de 1950, em frente ao prédio antigo da faculdade, demolido em janeiro de 1958. 02. Raimundo Cândido; 03. João Eunápio Borges; 04. Lídyo Bandeira de Melo; 06. Washington Albino; 08. Wilson Melo; 09. Edgar Godoy da Mata Machado; 10. Celso Agrícola Barbi; 12. Raul Machado Horta; 13. Ruy de Souza; 14. Silveira Neto; 15. Afonso Teixeira Lages; 16. Caio Mário da Silva Pereira; 17. Mário Casasanta; 18. Darci Bessone; 20. José Olympio de Castro Filho; 21. Gerson de Britto Mello Boson; 23. Amilcar de Castro; 24. Samuel, o bedel da Faculdade; 25. Alberto Deodato; 26. Valle Ferreira; 27. Lincoln Prates; 28. Orlando Magalhães Carvalho
Português do Brasil: Direito UFMG - déc. 50: Professores da Faculdade de Direito da então Universidade de Minas Gerais; foto da década de 1950, em frente ao prédio antigo da faculdade, demolido em janeiro de 1958. 02. Raimundo Cândido; 03. João Eunápio Borges; 04. Lídyo Bandeira de Melo; 06. Washington Albino; 08. Wilson Melo; 09. Edgar Godoy da Mata Machado; 10. Celso Agrícola Barbi; 12. Raul Machado Horta; 13. Ruy de Souza; 14. Silveira Neto; 15. Afonso Teixeira Lages; 16. Caio Mário da Silva Pereira; 17. Mário Casasanta; 18. Darci Bessone; 20. José Olympio de Castro Filho; 21. Gerson de Britto Mello Boson; 23. Amilcar de Castro; 24. Samuel, o bedel da Faculdade; 25. Alberto Deodato; 26. Valle Ferreira; 27. Lincoln Prates; 28. Orlando Magalhães Carvalho.
Yağların katılaştırılmasında kullanılan Katalizli hidrojenasyonun tepkime mekanizması: Yukarda Trigliserit yağının yapısında maviyle işaretlenmiş olan doymuş yağ asitlerinin kalan parçası, yeşil olarak işaretlenen kısım tekli doymamış yağ asidi, kırmızı ile işaretlenmiş kısım ise üçlü doymamış yağ asitidir. Hidrojenasyon sonucunda yapısana hidrojen katılan çiftli bağlar oklarla göstyerilmştir. Son olarak siyah ile işaretlenmiş olan kısım ise üç kere asile edilmiş Gliserin’dir. Aşağıda ise Hidrojenasyon ürünü olan ve yapısında doymuş yağ asitlerini barındıran Trigliserit bir yağ oluşmuştur. Bu doymuş yağ asitleri maviyle işaretlenmiştir. Oluşan yağ tepkimeye giren yağdan daha yüksek bir erime noktasına sahiptir.
IMP CAES M AVREL SEV ALEXANDER AVG Laureate and draped bust of Severus Alexander to right.PONTIF MAX TR P III COS P P The Amphitheatrum Flavianum (”The Colosseum”). It is shown from the front, with four stories: the first with arches, the second with arches containing statues, the third with flat-topped pedimented niches containing statues, and the fourth with square windows and circular clupea; in a bird's eye view the circular interior can also be seen with two tiers of spectators. Outside, to left, Severus Alexander stands right sacrificing over a low altar; behind him is the Meta Sudans and a large statue of Sol. To right, a two-storied distyle building with two pediments and a male statue (Jupiter?) before
English:  Severus Alexander. AD 222-235. Medallion (Bimetallic, copper and orichalcum, 37mm, 40 g 12), Rome, 224. IMP CAES M AVREL SEV ALEXANDER AVG Laureate and draped bust of Severus Alexander to right. PONTIF MAX TR P III COS P P The Amphitheatrum Flavianum (”The Colosseum”). It is shown from the front, with four stories: the first with arches, the second with arches containing statues, the third with flat-topped pedimented niches containing statues, and the fourth with square windows and circular clupea; in a bird’s eye view the circular interior can also be seen with two tiers of spectators. Outside, to left, Severus Alexander stands right sacrificing over a low altar; behind him is the Meta Sudans and a large statue of Sol. To right, a two-storied distyle building with two pediments and a male statue (Jupiter?) before. Apparently unpublished, but see Gnecchi II, p. 80, 9 (obverse) and Gnecchi III, p. 42 = Toynbee pl. 29, 7 (the reverse). See also BMC 156-157 and Cohen 468 for sestertii with the same types (but dating to 223).Italiano :  Severo Alessandro. 222-235. Medaglione (bimetallico, rame e oricalco, 37mm, 40 g 12), Roma, 224. IMP CAES M AVREL SEV ALEXANDER AVG Busto laureato e drappeggiato di Severo Alessandro a destra. PONTIF MAX TR P III COS P P L'anfiteatro flavio (”Colosseo”). È mostrato frontalmente con quattro livelli: il primo con archi, il secondo con archi che contengono statue, il terzo con nicchie che contengono statue, e il quarto con finestre quadrate e clipei circolari; in una vista a volo d'uccello si può vedere l'interno con due file di spettatori. All'esterno, a sinistra Severo Alessandro è in piedi e sacrifica su un basso altare; dietro a lui la Meta Sudans e una grande statua del Sole. A destra un edificio a due piani con due timpani e una statua maschile (Jupiter?) accanto. Apparently unpublished, but see Gnecchi II, p. 80, 9 (obverse) and Gnecchi III, p. 42 = Toynbee pl. 29, 7 (the reverse). See also BMC 156-157 and Cohen 468 for sestertii with the same types (but dating to 223). CNI XII 3 (Martin V); Muntoni 2 (Pius II); Berman 390.
Nitrat de terbi(III)—aigua(1/6) 
  
    
      
        
          Tb
          
            
              (
              
                NO
                
                  3
                
                
                  
                
              
              )
            
            
              3
            
            
              
            
          
          ⋅
          6
          
          
            H
            
              2
            
            
              
            
          
          O
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle {\ce {Tb(NO3)3*6H2O}}}
  
 a l'esquerra sota llum natural i a la dreta sota llum ultraviolada manifestant fluorescència verda
English: Terbium(III) nitrate hexahydrate, Tb(NO3)3·6H2O
Carte du début du XXe siècle montrant le centre ville, avec la caserne[1] et les quartiers nord de Saint-Denis.
On y voit bien également les cours d’eau  de la ville, bordée par la Seine, traversée par le Canal Saint-Denis, et avec la zone marécageuse du nord de la ville, drainée par le Croult et le Rouillon. La Vieille Mer n'est déjà plus visible, ayant déjà été busée.
La ville est protégée au nord par le Fort de la Double-Couronne, dont les murailles rejoignent, hors du plan, les Forts de l'Est et de la Briche. Les trois routes qui traversent ces fortifications se rejoignent au Barrage de Saint Denis.
On voit également la ligne de chemin de fer Paris - Lille par Creil, d'où se sépare la ligne Paris - Pontoise
Carte postale ancienne éditée par Delmas à Maisons-AlfortCarte de livreur du centre et du nord de la ville de Saint-Denis (Seine-Saint-Denis).On y distingue également le cours du Canal Saint-Denis, du Croult et du Rouillon avant leur confluent dans la Seine
Ο μακεδονικός χώρος σύμφωνα με Σλαβομακεδόνες εθνικιστές. Από το 1946, ορισμένοι Γιουγκοσλάβοι και Σλαβομακεδόνες εθνικιστές έχουν εκφράσει αλυτρωτικές διεκδικήσεις εις βάρος της Ελλάδας («Μακεδονία του Αιγαίου»), της Βουλγαρίας («Μακεδονία του Πιρίν»), της Αλβανίας («Μάλα Πρέσπα» και «Γκόλο Μπρντο») και της Σερβίας (και μια μικρή περιοχή του Κόσοβου) (Γκόρα και «Πρόχορ Πτσίνσκι»), παρόλο που Έλληνες, Βούλγαροι, Αλβανοί και Σέρβοι αποτελούν την πλειονότητα σε κάθε περιοχή αντίστοιχα. Αυτές οι εθνικιστικές ομάδες απολαύουν πιο περιορισμένη υποστήριξη από την κυβέρνηση της Βόρειας Μακεδονίας από το 1995, τότε δηλαδή που συμφώνησαν να αναθεωρήσουν το σύνταγμά τους και να διαγράψουν όλα τα άρθρα με αλυτρωτικό ύφος.
În fotografia alăturată (O transformare liniară asupra lui 
  
    
      
        
          
            R
          
          
            2
          
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{2}}
  
, arătată prin efectul ei asupra unei imagini (stânga - imaginea originală (Mona Lisa), dreapta - imaginea transformată). Vectorul marcat cu săgeata roșie este un vector propriu al transformării, deoarece direcția lui este păstrată de transformare. Deoarece lungimea lui nu se modifică, valoarea proprie asociată este 1. Orice vector având aceeași direcție este de asemenea nemodificat. Ceilalți vectori, de exemplu cel marcat cu albastru, sunt modificați de transformare, deci nu sunt vectori proprii.
On the left, a reproduction of the Mona Lisa with a representation of two vectors superimposed on top of it. The red arrow represents a vector in three dimensions pointing directly up on the plane of the painting and the blue arrow represents a unique arbitrary vector on the painting. On the right is the result of a shear transformation on the image on the left. The blue arrow now represents a different vector, while the red one still represents the same vector. For this reason, the red vector is an eigenvector of the transformation, and the blue vector is not.
Comparison of gain and absorption calculated in Hartree–Fock approximation (dotted line) and fully taking into account collision terms (solid line). The sample is a Ga(AsSb) quantum well surrounded by GaAs spacers. For the top figure, a density of 1.3 x 1012 cm−2 was used which is well above lasing threshold. For the bottom figure, the carrier density is negligible. The differences in lineshape are obvious especially for the lasing structure. The Hartree–Fock approximation leads to absorption below the bandgap (below about 0.94 eV), which is a natural consequence of the relaxation time approximation, but is completely unphysical. For the low density case, the T2-time approximation also leads to extended tails.
Secuencia de pulsos utilizada para obtener un espectro infrarrojo de transformada de Fourier bidimensional.  El período de tiempo  
  
    
      
        
          τ
          
            1
          
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle \tau _{1}}
  
 se suele denominar tiempo de coherencia y el segundo período de tiempo  
  
    
      
        
          τ
          
            2
          
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle \tau _{2}}
  
Es conocido como el tiempo de espera.  La frecuencia de excitación se obtiene mediante la transformada de Fourier a lo largo del  
  
    
      
        
          τ
          
            1
          
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle \tau _{1}}
  
eje.
English: Pulse sequence for Fourier-transform 2DIR Spectroscopy
Aperiodisches Taktsignal bei einer I²C-Über­tragung (zu sehen ist der Beginn mit der Start­bedingung (markiert mit einem grünen Punkt) und der Adres­sierung inkl. Acknowledge; die obere Wellen­form stellt das Daten­signal dar, die untere das Takt­signal). Das Takt­signal besteht nur aus einer passenden Anzahl von Taktzyklen. Das Übertragungs­protokoll wird durch Software gesteuert (Bit­banging); der steuernde Prozessor behandelt hier im Beispiel einen zufällig nach dem dritten Bit aufgetrete­nen Interrupt, wodurch sich eine Verzö­gerung der Über­tragung (hier um etwa 70 µs) ergibt. Da Daten- und Taktsignal dennoch synchron zueinander bleiben, handelt es sich um ein vollkommen legitimes und gültiges I²C-Signal.
Deutsch: I²C-Übertragung (Ausschnitt: Startbedingung und Adressierung), der per Bitbanging steuernde Prozessor behandelt nach dem dritten Bit einen Interrupt. English: I²C transmission (excerpt: start condition and adressing), the via bit banging controlling processor services an interrupt after the third bit.
A diagram of Jupiter showing a model of the planet's interior, with a rocky core overlaid by a deep layer of liquid metallic hydrogen (shown as magenta) and an outer layer predominantly of molecular hydrogen. Jupiter's true interior composition is uncertain. For instance, the core may have shrunk as convection currents of hot liquid metallic hydrogen mixed with the molten core and carried its contents to higher levels in the planetary interior. Furthermore, there is no clear physical boundary between the hydrogen layers—with increasing depth the gas increases smoothly in temperature and density, ultimately becoming liquid. Features are shown to scale except for the aurorae and the orbits of the Galilean moons.
กระบวนการเข้าชุดยีนใหม่ด้วยเทคโนโลยีชีวภาพ  ไวรัสไข้หวัดใหญ่มีส่วน 8 ส่วน จุดประสงค์ก็คือการนำยีน hemagglutinin (HA) และ neuraminidase (NA) ที่ต้องการจากไวรัสสายพันธุ์ที่ 1 เข้าผสมกับยีนของไวรัสสายพันธุ์ที่ 2 โดยต้องเพาะเชื้อได้ดีในไข่และไม่มีอันตรายต่อมนุษย์ (1) ฉีดไวรัสไข้หวัดใหญ่สายพันธุ์ที่ 1 และ 2 เข้าไปในไข่ไก่ที่ผสมพันธุ์แล้ว (2) ยีนต่าง ๆ จากสายพันธุ์ที่ 1 ขยายจำนวนแล้วผสมยีนกับของสายพันธุ์ที่ 2 โดยอาจสร้างยีนลูกผสมได้ถึง 256 อย่าง (3) นักวิจัยสืบหาสายพันธุ์ลูกผสมที่มียีน HA และ NA จากสายพันธุ์ที่ 1 รวมเข้ากับยีนอื่น ๆ ของสายพันธุ์ที่ 2 ที่สามารถเพาะพันธุ์ได้ดีในไข่ (4) สายพันธุ์ไวรัสไข้หวัดใหญ่ที่เข้าชุดยีนใหม่นี้ บวกกับสายพันธุ์ไวรัสไข้หวัดใหญ่อีก 2 สายพันธุ์จะนำไปใช้เป็นวัคซีนไข้หวัดใหญ่สำหรับปีหน้า
Geometrische Veranschaulichung der Ableitung der Polynome ersten, zweiten und dritten Grades (grau).  Eine beliebig große Änderung des abhängigen Parameters 
  
    
      
        x
      
    
    {\displaystyle x}
  
 führt zu einer entsprechenden Strecken-, Flächen- oder Volumenänderung (rot).  Verringert man die Änderung zu beliebig kleinen Werten, nähert sich die Änderung entsprechend einer punktförmigen Änderung, einer Änderung um zwei Strecken der Länge 
  
    
      
        x
      
    
    {\displaystyle x}
  
 bzw. einer Änderung um drei quadratische Flächen des Inhaltes 
  
    
      
        
          x
          
            2
          
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle x^{2}}
  
 an.
6 février : discours de Gustave V de Suède remettant en cause le gouvernement. Gustave V souhaite exercer un pouvoir personnel dans le domaine de la Défense et des Affaires étrangères. Il profite d’une campagne d’opinion culminant avec une manifestation de paysans marchant sur Stockholm, qui met en difficulté le gouvernement libéral de Karl Staaff, pour mettre en place un cabinet « neutre », surtout composé de fonctionnaires, conduit par Hammarskjöld, qu’il tient bien en main. Officiellement, la Suède observe une stricte neutralité, mais le roi et le gouvernement manifestent une tendance favorable à la Triple-Alliance, tandis que les libéraux et les sociaux-démocrates penchent vers la France et le Royaume-Uni.
English: King Gustav V speaks out against the military policy of his own government at the Royal Palace in Stockholm. Next to the podium stands his brother, prince Carl, his son crown prince Gustaf Adolf and grand children prince Gustaf Adolf and prince Sigvard. Svenska: Gustaf V läser upp borggårdstalet för de uppvaktande bondetågsdeltagarna. Talet ledde till regeringen Staaffs avgång.
Ebony label EA 32650 from Den's tomb. The upper right register depicts king Den twice: at the left he is sitting in his Hebsed pavilion, at the right he is running a symbolic race around D-shaped markings. This ceremony is connected to the so-called "race of the Apis bull". The middle right section reports about the raid of the city "beautiful door" and about a daughter of Den suffering from an unknown disease. The lower right section reports about the visitation of the "souls of Peh" at the royal domain "Wenet". The left part of the label describes the content of the vessel that once belonged to the label and mentions the high official Hemaka, who was obviously responsible for the delivery of the labeled jar.
English: Ebony label depicting the pharaoh Den, found in his tomb in Abydos, circa 3000 BC. Top register depicts the king running in his Heb Sed festival as well as seated on a throne. Lower register depicts the destruction of enemy strongholds and the taking of captives. EA 32650.Hieroglyphs: The en:Sed festival area is "framed" on the right with a large en:Renpet hieroglyph.
A diagrammatic representation of the position and size of the Kaapvaal Craton, outlined in red, in relation to present-day Southern Africa. The blue area depicts the portion of the craton that subsided below the “Witwatersrand Sea”, about 3000 million years ago. It is in this sea that the sediments accumulated that would ultimately form the “West Rand Group” portion of the “Witwatersrand Supergroup” of rocks. The younger “Central Rand Group” of rocks accumulated on the low, flat coastal plain (see diagram below) after the Witwatersrand Sea had retreated southwards as a result of uplifting of the craton, especially in the north.  CT indicates Cape Town, D Durban, B Bloemfontein, J Johannesburg, and K Kimberley.
English: Diagrammatic representation of the relative size and position of the Kaapvaal Craton in relation present-day South Africa.