fschieber/wit-captions huggingface dataset:
Porównanie kosmologicznych pomiarów odległości, od redshiftu 
  
    
      
        z
        =
        0
      
    
    {\displaystyle z=0}
  
 (czas obecny) do 
  
    
      
        z
        =
        0
        
          ,
        
        5.
      
    
    {\displaystyle z=0{,}5.}
  
 Założenia kosmologiczne: stała Hubble’a wynosi 72 km/s/Mpc, 
  
    
      
        
          Ω
          
            Λ
          
        
        =
        0,732
        ,
      
    
    {\displaystyle \Omega _{\Lambda }=0{,}732,}
  
 
  
    
      
        
          Ω
          
            m
          
        
        =
        0,266
        ,
      
    
    {\displaystyle \Omega _{m}=0{,}266,}
  
 
  
    
      
        
          Ω
          
            
              p
              r
              o
              m
              i
              e
              n
              i
              o
              w
              a
              n
              i
              a
            
          
        
        =
        0,002
      
    
    {\displaystyle \Omega _{\mathrm {promieniowania} }=0{,}002}
  
 i 
  
    
      
        
          Ω
          
            k
          
        
        =
        0
      
    
    {\displaystyle \Omega _{k}=0}
  
 (parametry gęstości tak dobrane, aby ich suma wynosiła 1).
English: A comparison of cosmological distance measures, from redshift zero to redshift of 0.5. The background cosmology is Hubble parameter 72 km/s/Mpc, Omega_lambda = 0.732, Omega_matter = 0.266, Omega_radiation = 0.266/3454, and Omega_k chosen so that the sum of Omega parameters is one. Wesino 13:25, 3 December 2006 (UTC)
Tangenti a un'ellisse centrata nell'origine condotte da un punto P(xp,yp) ad essa esterno. I coefficienti angolari delle due rette si ottengono risolvendo l'equazione di secondo grado:

  
    
      
        
          
            
              (
              
                
                  a
                  
                    2
                  
                
                −
                
                  x
                  
                    p
                  
                  
                    2
                  
                
              
              )
            
            
              m
              
                2
              
            
            +
            2
            
              x
              
                p
              
            
            
              y
              
                p
              
            
            m
            +
            
              b
              
                2
              
            
            −
            
              y
              
                p
              
              
                2
              
            
            =
            0
          
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\left(a^{2}-x_{p}^{2}\right)m^{2}+2x_{p}y_{p}m+b^{2}-y_{p}^{2}=0}}
Italiano: Tangenti a un'ellisse condotte da un punto esterno.
Os quatros parâmetros da convenção clássica de DH estão demonstrados em texto vermelho, sendo eles 
  
    
      
        
          θ
          
            i
          
        
        ,
        
          d
          
            i
          
        
        ,
        
          a
          
            i
          
        
        ,
        
          α
          
            i
          
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle \theta _{i},d_{i},a_{i},\alpha _{i}}
  
. Com esses 4 parâmetros, podemos transladar as coordenadas de 
  
    
      
        
          O
          
            i
            −
            1
          
        
        
          X
          
            i
            −
            1
          
        
        
          Y
          
            i
            −
            1
          
        
        
          Z
          
            i
            −
            1
          
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle O_{i-1}X_{i-1}Y_{i-1}Z_{i-1}}
  
 para 
  
    
      
        
          O
          
            i
          
        
        
          X
          
            i
          
        
        
          Y
          
            i
          
        
        
          Z
          
            i
          
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle O_{i}X_{i}Y_{i}Z_{i}}
  
.
English: This is the traditional DH (Denavit–Hartenberg) parameter description. The main 3D models were generated from Blender, and the annotation lines and texts were added by Inkscape.
Reações da gliconeogênese a partir do lactato mostradas por projeção de Fischer, à esquerda, e pelo modelo poligonal, à direita. Exceto para a desidrogenação do lactate a piruvato, as reações aqui mostradas são aquelas não comum às reações da via glicolítica, pois algumas das mesmas são irreversíveis in vivo. Os compostos correspondem ao lactato (LAC), piruvato (PIR), oxaloacetato (OxA), fosfoenolpiruvato (PEP), frutose 1,6-bifosfato ( F16BP), frutose 6-fosfato (F6P), glicose 6-fosfato (G6P) e glicose (Glu). As enzimas que participam dessas reações são indicadas pelos números sublinhados, e correspondem à lactato desidrogenase (1), piruvato carboxilase (2), fosfoenolpiruvato carboxiquinase (3), frutose 1,6-bifosfatase (4) e glicose-6-fosfatase (5). A única reação que ocorre na mitocôndria é a carboxilação do piruvato a oxaloacetato, que é dependente de biotina como grupo prostético da enzima 4. As outras reações ocorrem no citoplasma. As coenzimas participantes (NAD+, NADH + H+, ATP, GTP, ADP e GDP) foram omitidas nessas representações. As reações de fosforilação utilizando ATP ou GTP são representadas como ~P entrando nas reações. A reação de oxirredução utilizando NAD+ pode ser observada como hidrogênios “2H” entrando na reação. Os fosfatos inorgânicos liberados são representados como Pi saindo das respectivas reações.
English: Comparison between gluconeogenesis reactions from lactate
Hematopoiese humana.
 * As características morfológicas das células hematopoiéticas são mostradas como observadas na mancha de Wright, na mancha de May-Giemsa ou na mancha de May-Grünwald-Giemsa. Os nomes alternativos de certas células são indicados entre parênteses. * Certas células podem ter mais de uma aparência característica. Nesses casos, mais de uma representação da mesma célula foi incluída. * Juntos, os monócitos e linfócitos compreendem agranulócitos, ao contrário dos granulócitos (basófilos, neutrófilos e eosinófilos) que ocorrem durante a granulopoiese. * b., n. e e. representam basófilas, neutrofílicas e eosinofílicas, respectivamente - como no promielócito basofílico. [1] O eritrócito policromático (reticulócitos) à direita mostra sua aparência característica quando corada com azul de metileno ou Azure B.
 [2] O eritrócito à direita é uma representação mais precisa de sua aparência na realidade quando vista através de um microscópio.
 [3] Outras células que surgem de monócitos: osteoclastos, microglia (sistema nervoso central), células de Langerhans (epiderme), células de Kupffer (fígado).
 [4] Para maior clareza, os linfócitos T e B são divididos para indicar melhor que a célula plasmática emerge da célula B. Observe que não há diferença na aparência das células B e T, a menos que uma coloração específica.
(1) Pionowy odcinek 
  
    
      
        t
      
    
    {\displaystyle t}
  
 reprezentuje czas jaki minął pomiędzy dwoma zdarzeniami czasoprzestrzennymi 
  
    
      
        
          E
          
            1
          
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle E_{1}}
  
 i 
  
    
      
        
          E
          
            2
          
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle E_{2}}
  
 mierzony przez obserwatora w układzie inercjalnym. (2) Czerwona krzywa między punktami 
  
    
      
        
          E
          
            1
          
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle E_{1}}
  
 i 
  
    
      
        
          E
          
            2
          
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle E_{2}}
  
 – to trajektoria w czasoprzestrzeni (linia świata) układu nieinercjalnego; jej tzw. pseudodługość jest wielkością niezmienniczą (skalarną) równa czasowi własnemu 
  
    
      
        τ
      
    
    {\displaystyle \tau }
  
, mierzonemu zegarem poruszającym się, pomnożonemu przez prędkość światła 
  
    
      
        c
        .
      
    
    {\displaystyle c.}
  
 Czas własny jest mniejszy niż czas t – mimo że długość krzywej w przestrzeni euklidesowej byłaby większa niż odcinek pionowy czasu t, to w przestrzeni Minkowskiego jest inaczej – bo jest to przestrzeń nieeuklidesowa.
English: A spacetime diagram to illustrate the difference between proper time and coordinate time.
Przedstawienie dwóch zgodnych map na rozmaitości wraz z przekształceniem przejścia. Zbiór 
  
    
      
        
          U
          
            α
          
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle U_{\alpha }}
  
 zaznaczono na czerwono, 
  
    
      
        
          U
          
            β
          
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle U_{\beta }}
  
 na niebiesko, a ich część wspólną 
  
    
      
        
          U
          
            α
            ,
            β
          
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle U_{\alpha ,\beta }}
  
 na fioletowo; przekształcenie przejścia 
  
    
      
        
          φ
          
            α
            ,
            β
          
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle \varphi _{\alpha ,\beta }}
  
 (strzałka po prawej) jest zdefiniowane jako złożenie 
  
    
      
        
          φ
          
            α
          
          
            −
          
        
        1
      
    
    {\displaystyle \varphi _{\alpha }^{-}1}
  
 (
  
    
      
        
          φ
          
            α
          
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle \varphi _{\alpha }}
  
 to górna strzałka) oraz 
  
    
      
        
          φ
          
            β
          
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle \varphi _{\beta }}
  
 (dolna strzałka).
Inscription d'un cycle de Stirling réel dans un cycle de Carnot. Diagramme de Clapeyron et diagramme TS (Température-Entropie). Les cycles correspondant dans les deux diagrammes ont même aire. Sur cet exemple, les rendements thermodynamiques sont 
  
    
      
        
          
            η
            
              Carnot
            
          
          =
          
            
              
                
                  T
                  
                    1
                  
                
                −
                
                  T
                  
                    0
                  
                
              
              
                T
                
                  1
                
              
            
          
          ≈
          0.37
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle \scriptstyle \eta _{\text{Carnot}}={\frac {T_{1}-T_{0}}{T_{1}}}\approx 0.37}
  
 et 
  
    
      
        
          
            η
            
              Stirling
            
          
          =
          
            
              aire violette
              aire hachuree
            
          
          ≈
          0.15
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle \scriptstyle \eta _{\text{Stirling}}={\frac {\text{aire violette}}{\text{aire hachuree}}}\approx 0.15}
Cádiz Cathedral (in Spanish: Catedral de Cádiz or Catedral de Santa Cruz de Cádiz) is a Roman Catholic church in Cádiz, southern Spain. It was built between 1722 and 1838. It was declared Bien de Interés Cultural in 1931. The Plaza de la Catedral houses both the Cathedral and the Baroque Santiago church, built in 1635.  The church sits on the site of an older cathedral, completed in 1260, which burned down in 1596. The reconstruction, which was not started until 1776, was supervised by the architect Vicente Acero, who had also built the Granada Cathedral. Acero left the project and was succeeded by several other architects. As a result, this largely baroque-style cathedral was built over a period of 116 years, and, due to this drawn-out period of construction, the cathedral underwent several major changes to its original design. Though the cathedral was originally intended to be a baroque edifice, it contains rococo elements, and was finally completed in the neoclassical style. Its chapels have many paintings and relics from the old cathedral and monasteries from throughout Spain. In the crypt are buried the composer Manuel de Falla and the poet and playwright José María Pemán, both born in Cádiz. Poniente Tower, one of the towers of Cádiz Cathedral, is open to the public and shows panoramas of the city from the high.
English: Cádiz Cathedral (in Spanish: Catedral de Cádiz or Catedral de Santa Cruz de Cádiz) is a Roman Catholic church in Cádiz, southern Spain. It was built between 1722 and 1838. It was declared Bien de Interés Cultural in 1931. The Plaza de la Catedral houses both the Cathedral and the Baroque Santiago church, built in 1635. The church sits on the site of an older cathedral, completed in 1260, which burned down in 1596. The reconstruction, which was not started until 1776, was supervised by the architect Vicente Acero, who had also built the Granada Cathedral. Acero left the project and was succeeded by several other architects. As a result, this largely baroque-style cathedral was built over a period of 116 years, and, due to this drawn-out period of construction, the cathedral underwent several major changes to its original design. Though the cathedral was originally intended to be a baroque edifice, it contains rococo elements, and was finally completed in the neoclassical style. Its chapels have many paintings and relics from the old cathedral and monasteries from throughout Spain. In the crypt are buried the composer Manuel de Falla and the poet and playwright José María Pemán, both born in Cádiz. Poniente Tower, one of the towers of Cádiz Cathedral, is open to the public and shows panoramas of the city from the high. Cádiz Cathedral. (2012, January 26). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 19:11, April 14, 2012, from en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A1diz_Cathedral&a...
Glycolysis - Structure of anaerobic glycolysis components showed using Fischer projections, left, and polygonal model, right. The compounds correspond to glucose (GLU),  glucose 6-phosphate (G6P), fructose 6-phosphate (F6P), fructose 1,6-bisphosphate ( F16BP), dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP), glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate(GA3P), 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate (13BPG), 3-phosphoglycerate (3PG), 2-phosphoglycerate (2PG), phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), pyruvate (PIR), and lactate (LAC). The enzymes which participate of this pathway are indicated by underlined numbers, and correspond to hexokinase (1), glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (2), phosphofructokinase-1 (3), fructose-bisphosphate aldolase (4), triosephosphate isomerase (5), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (5),  phosphoglycerate kinase (7), phosphoglycerate mutase (8), phosphopyruvate hydratase (enolase) (9), pyruvate kinase (10), and lactate dehydrogenase (11). The participant coenzymes (NAD+, NADH + H+, ATP and ADP), inorganic phosphate, H2O and CO2 were omitted in these representations. The phosphorylation reactions from ATP, as well the ADP phosphorylation reactions in later steps of glycolysis are shown as ~P respectively entering or going out the pathway. The oxireduction reactions using NAD+ or NADH are observed as hydrogens “2H” going out or entering the pathway.
English: Glycolysis components using Fischer representation comparing to polygonal model. The last form is easier and faster to read and write, and shows with clarity each change of the intermediates in the reactions.
A map of the excavation of a settlement from the early Bronze Age, around 1500 BC Just north of the fen De Hazenputten in the Vresselse Bossen in Nijnsel. The main building within the excavated portion is a farm of 17 meters by 6 meters. The outer wall consisted of poles that were connected with braid and were covered with clay. The posts within the farm will have borne the roof. A series of heavy poles on the south side of the farm probably supported a far extended roof on that side that was necessary in view of the down pouring rain that could wash away the clay there. In the long walls of the farmhouse opposite to each other there are two wide entrances forming a corridor which divided the building into a living area and a shed or barn. Around the farm there were numerous outbuildings. The most notable was a circular building that was probably a sheepfold. The other buildings are square or rectangular sheds and called "Spiekers": constructions of four or six poles with a raised floor for the storage of grain and hay. Northwest of the main building was a large barn of 7 by 3.5 meters. The many other posts will have served a variety of small buildings that belong to a farm like racks, an apiary, doghouse etc. The dark spots on the map were pits which were probably used for manure or the storing of winter silage.[6]
English: Map of excavation of Bronze Age settlement in Nijnsel, North Brabant, Netherlands. The settlement is from the early Bronze Age, around 1500 BC. The main building within the excavated portion is a farm of 17 meters by 6 meters. The outer wall consisted of poles that were connected with braid and were covered with clay. The posts within the farm will have borne the roof. A series of heavy poles on the south side of the farm probably supported a far extended roof on that side that was necessary in view of the down pouring rain that could wash away the clay there. In the long walls of the farmhouse opposite to each other there are two wide entrances forming a corridor which divided the building into a living area and a shed or barn. Around the farm there were numerous outbuildings. The most notable was a circular building that was probably a sheepfold. The other buildings are square or rectangular sheds and called "Spiekers": constructions of four or six poles with a raised floor for the storage of grain and hay. Northwest of the main building was a large barn of 7 by 3.5 meters. The many other posts will have served a variety of small buildings that belong to a farm like racks, an apiary, doghouse etc. The dark spots on the map were pits which were probably used for manure or the storing of winter silage.
Blason de Rambouillet
Les armes de Rambouillet se blasonnent ainsi : « Parti à dextre de sable au demi sautoir d'argent, qui est d'Angennes, mouvant de partition, à senestre tiercé en fasce, en un d'or au cerf contourné au naturel, en deux de gueules au bélier d'argent et en trois d'argent au chêne en sinople ; en abime : d'azur à trois lys d'or brisé d'un bâton péri de gueules, qui est de Bourbon, comte de Toulouse. »
  Le blason de Rambouillet, adopté en 1887, évoque l'histoire et différents aspects de la ville.
La partie dextre représente les armes (de sable au sautoir d'argent) des anciens seigneurs de Rambouillet, la famille d'Angennes, qui conserva le château pendant près de trois siècles.
La partie senestre évoque divers aspects actuels de la ville : le cerf représente le gibier de la forêt de Rambouillet, longtemps domaine de chasse royal puis national; le bélier fait référence au troupeau de mérinos de Rambouillet importé d'Espagne sous Louis XVI; le chêne symbolise la forêt de Rambouillet elle-même.
L'écusson central est le blason de Louis-Alexandre de Bourbon, comte de Toulouse, fils naturel légitimé de Louis XIV et de Madame de Montespan, qui acheta en 1706 le domaine et le château de Rambouillet où il est mort en 1737 (ce sont les armes de France chargées du bâton péri de gueules, symbole de bâtardise).
Faraday kafesi, elektriksel iletken metal ile kaplanmış veya iletkenler ile ağ biçiminde örülmüş içteki hacmi dışardaki elektrik alanlardan koruyan bir muhafazadır. 1836 yılında İngiliz Fizikçi Michael Faraday'ın buluşu olduğu için "Faraday kafesi" diye adlandırılmıştır.�Faraday Kafesinin Çalışma İlkesi:�İletken malzemeleri oluşturan atomların en dış yörüngelerindeki değerlik (valens) elektronları, atomlarından kolayca ayrılarak hareket etme yeteneğine sahiptir. Dolayısıyla; kapalı bir yüzeye sahip olan iletken bir cisim elektrik alanı içerisine yerleştirildiğinde bu elektronlar, iletkenin içerisindeki elektrik alanı sıfırlanıncaya kadar hareket eder ve bir ‘yeniden dağılım’a uğrarlar. Elektrik alanın sıfırlanmasıyla birlikte, hareket etmelerinin gerekçesi ortadan kalkmış olur. Faraday kafesi bu ilkeye göre çalışır ve içindeki nesneleri dış elektrik alanlara karşı korur. Dolayısıyla ideal olarak; topraklanmış, örneğin içi boş metal bir küre gibi kapalı bir iletken yüzeyden oluşur. Ancak iletken yüzey sürekli olmak yerine, kafes şeklinde de imal edilebilir. Bu durumda kafes aralıklarından bir miktar elektrik alanı içeriye sızacak, fakat aralıklar yeterince küçükse bu bir sorun oluşturmayacaktır. Öte yandan geometrinin küre olması şart değildir. Kapalı herhangi bir yüzey, kafes görevini yerine getirebilir.��  r çizim
English: Understanding the Faraday cage. Polski: Zasada działania klatki Faradaya. Slovenščina: K razumevanju Faradayeve kletke. Русский: Понимание принципа работы клетки Фарадея. Български: Принцип на действие на Фарадеевия кафез. Français : Principe de la cage de Faraday. Deutsch: Grundsätze des faradayschen Käfig 日本語: ファラデーケージの 原則 Español: Principios de la Caja de Faraday
Von Neumann's System of Self-Replication Automata with the ability to evolve (Figure adapted from Luis Rocha's Lecture Notes at Indiana University[6]). i) the self-replicating system is composed of several automata plus a separate description (an encoding formalized as a  Turing 'tape') of all the automata: Universal Constructor (A), Universal Copier (B), Operating System (C), extra functions not involved with replication (D), and separate description Φ(A,B,C,D) encoding all automata. ii) (Top) Universal Constructor produces (decodes) automata from their description (active mode of description); (Bottom) Universal Copier copies description of automata (passive mode of description); Mutations Φ(D') to description Φ(D) (not changes in automaton D directly) propagate to the set of automata produced in next generation, allowing (automata + description) system to continue replicating and evolving (D → D').[4] The active process of construction from a description parallels DNA translation, the passive process of copying the description parallels DNA replication, and inheritance of mutated descriptions parallels Vertical inheritance of DNA mutations in Biology,[4][5] and were proposed by Von Neumann before the discovery of the structure of the DNA molecule and how it is separately translated and replicated in the Cell.[6]
English: Von Neumann's System of Self-Replicating Automata that can evolve
Gilberto Parlotti had in 1971 meegedaan aan de boycot van de Isle of Man TT omdat hij het circuit te gevaarlijk vond. In 1972 stond hij echter aan de leiding van het wereldkampioenschap en terwijl zijn teamchef Giancarlo Morbidelli hem niet naar het eiland Man wilde sturen zag Parlotti een geweldige kans om zijn kansen op de wereldtitel te vergroten. De andere toprijders in de 125cc-klasse gingen niet naar het eiland Man. Het werd zijn eerste keer op de 60 km lange Mountain Course en daarom bereidde hij zich goed voor: met een geleende 750cc-Ducati reed hij minstens 60 trainingsronden (3.600 km). Tijdens de trainingen merkte Chas Mortimer, met vijftien starts een ervaren rijder op Man, een gevaarlijke situatie bij de Verandah op. Hij vroeg de organisatie een muurtje te verwijderen of af te dekken met strobalen, maar in plaats daarvan werden betonnen paaltjes geplaatst. Het verzoek van Mortimer om díe dan ten minste te voorzien van strobalen werd afgewezen. Parlotti nam bij de start meteen de leiding. Na de eerste ronde had hij al 15 seconden voorsprong op Chas Mortimer. In de tweede ronde liep zijn Morbidelli vast bij de Verandah. Hij werd zwaar gewond per helikopter[1] afgevoerd naar Nobles Hospital in Douglas, maar bleek bij aankomst al te zijn overleden. Hij werd postuum vijfde in het wereldkampioenschap 125 cc.
Italiano: Il motociclista Gilberto Parlotti Figurine Panini Campioni dello sport 1970/71