fschieber/wit-captions huggingface dataset:
Première image stéréo ENA. Il s'agit d'une première image-lumière stéréo ENA de l'anneau de courant électrique terrestre obtenue par TWINS, le 15 juin 2008 pour une énergie de 10 keV. Dans chaque image sont visibles les émissions à basse altitude (LAE) à partir d'ions précipitants, et les émissions de l'anneau de courant électrique à haute altitude (RCE). Pour référence, la silhouette de la Terre est dessinée, avec les lignes de champ magnétique à quatre points cardinaux heures locales (midi = rouge, tombée de la nuit = lavande, à minuit, et l'aube) et deux L-valeurs (L = 4 et L = 8).
English: First Stereo ENA Image. This is a first-light stereo ENA image of the terrestrial ring current obtained by TWINS on 15 June 2008 for 10 keV energy. Visible in each image are both low-altitude emissions (LAE) from precipitating ions, and high-altitude ring current emissions (RCE). For reference, the Earth's limb is drawn in, along with dipole magnetic field lines at four cardinal local times (noon=red, dusk=lavender, midnight, and dawn) and two L-values (L=4 and L=8).
Transverse wave affecting atoms initially confined to a plane. This additional type of sound wave (additional type of elastic wave) travels only in solids, for it requires a sideways shearing motion which is supported by the presence of elasticity in the solid. The sideways shearing motion may take place in any direction which is at right-angle to the direction of wave-travel (only one shear direction is shown here, at right angles to the plane). Furthermore, the right-angle shear direction may change over time and distance, resulting in different types of polarization of shear-waves
English: Propagation of a plane shear wave (impulse); made with Scilab and Jasc Animation Shop 2.02 Français : Propagation d'une onde de cisaillement plane (impulsion) ; créé avec Scilab et Jasc Animation Shop 2.02
In this Bible from about 1270, an initial V introduces the Old Testament book of Micah. The scene inside the letter illustrates the following text: "The word of the Lord that came to Micah the Morasthite . . ." The illuminator added details not mentioned in the text to his representation of the scene, showing the prophet Micah in bed while an angel, its hand raised in a gesture of speech, delivers the "word of the Lord" represented by a scroll. Although he appears in bed, it is clear that Micah is not dreaming; his eyes are open and he glances toward the angel at the side of the bed.
In this Bible from the 1200s, an initial V introduces the Old Testament book of Micah. The scene inside the letter illustrates the following text: "The word of the Lord that came to Micah the Morasthite . . ." The illuminator added details not mentioned in the text to his representation of the scene, showing the prophet Micah in bed while an angel, its hand raised in a gesture of speech, delivers the "word of the Lord" represented by a scroll. Although he appears in bed, it is clear that Micah is not dreaming; his eyes are open and he glances toward the angel at the side of the bed.
Рис. 2. Загальна схема бурової установки: 1 - бурове долото; 2 - обважнені бурильні труби; 3 - бурильні труби; 4 - кондуктор (Кондукторна колона); 5 - гирлова шахта; 6 - противикидні пристрої; 7 - підлога бурової установки; 8 - буровий ротор; 9 - провідна бурильна труба; 10 - буровий стояк; 11 - вертлюг; 12 - гак; 13 - талевий блок; 14 - балкон робітника; 15 - кронблок; 16 - талевий канат; 17 - шланг провідної бурильної труби; 18 - індикатор навантаження на долото; 19 - бурова лебідка; 20 - буровий насос; 21 - вібраційне сито для бурового розчину; 22 - викидна лінія бурового розчину.
Українська: Схема бурової установкиРусский: Общая схема буровой установки: 1 — буровое долото; 2 — УБТ; 3 — бурильные трубы; 4 — кондуктор; 5 — устьевая шахта; 6 — противовыбросовое устройства; 7 — пол буровой установки; 8 — буровой ротор; 9 — ведущая бурильная труба; 10 — буровой стояк; 11 — вертлюг; 12 — крюк; 13 — талевый блок; 14 — балкон верхового рабочего; 15 — кронблок; 16 — талевый канат; 17 — шланг ведущей бурильной трубы; 18 — индикатор нагрузки на долото; 19 — буровая лебёдка; 20 — буровой насос; 21 — вибрационное сито для бурового раствора; 22 — выкидная линия бурового раствора.
„Low-Profile“-Cantileverbremse – der eigentliche Bremszug führt durch die rechts sichtbare, silberfarbene Hülse und wird mittels der Schraube am Ende des Bremshebels („Cantilever“) verklemmt. Die Hülse wird zusammen mit dem links sichtbaren, kurzen Seilstück und dem hier nicht sichtbaren Kupplungsstück in verschiedenen Längen als Set angeboten.[8] Je kürzer das kurze Seilstück und die Hülse ausfallen, desto flacher verlaufen sie über dem Reifen. Je flacher dieser Verlauf, desto stärker die Bremskraft und desto geringer der Abstand der Bremsklötze von der Felge im entspannten Zustand.
Shimano Alivio cantilever brake
Tudelai Benjámin híres marrano utazó a Szaharában 
Az Ibériai-félszigeten a 10–12. században kicsit másként alakult a zsidóság sorsa. A mór uralom alatt nyugalomban, a hódítókkal jó viszonyban élhettek, a kalifák udvarában magas állami tisztségeket viselhettek. A zsidó kultúra felvirágzásának és aranykorának ideje ez, számos kiváló gondolkodó, tudós és költő került ki a hispániai szefárd zsidó közösségekből. Ilyen környezetből indult el Tudelai Benjamin, akinek utazását nagyban megkönnyítette, hogy a világ szinte valamennyi városában, ahol megszállt, vendégszerető hittársakat talált.
English: Benjamin of Tudela in the Sahara, in the XIIth century (Engraving by Dumouza, XIXst century Français : Benjamin de Tudèle dans le Sahara, au XIIe siècle (gravure de Dumouza, XIXe siècle)
COS Optical Layout. FUV and NUV channels initially share a common path. The first optic is either a concave, holographically ruled diffraction grating that directs light to the FUV detector (red) or a concave mirror directing light to the NUV gratings and the NUV detector (purple). The green colored ray packets represent the FUV optical paths, and blue colored ray packets represent the NUV optical paths. A wavelength reference and flat field delivery system is shown at top left (orange ray packets) and can provide simultaneous wavelength reference spectra during science observations.
English: Cosmic Origins Spectrograph optical path: The FUV and NUV channels initially share a common path. The first optic is either a concave, holographically ruled diffraction grating which directs light to the FUV detector (red) or a concave mirror directing light to the NUV gratings and the NUV detector (purple). The green ray packets represent the FUV optical paths, and blue ray packets represent the NUV optical paths. A wavelength reference and flat field delivery system is shown at top left (orange ray packets) and can provide simultaneous wavelength reference spectra during science observations.
Relative phase speed increase of cnoidal wave solutions for the Korteweg–de Vries equation as a function of 1−m, with m the elliptic parameter.
  The horizontal axis is on a logarithmic scale, from 10−6 to 100=1.
  The figure is for non-dimensional quantities, i.e. the phase speed c is made dimensionless with the shallow-water phase speed 
  
    
      
        
          
            
              g
              h
            
          
        
      
    
    {\displaystyle \scriptstyle {\sqrt {gh}}}
  
, and the wave height H is made dimensionless with the mean water depth h.
De la stânga la dreapta, sus: Prințesa Irene de Hesse, Prințesa Sofia a Prusiei, Prințesa Charlotte, Prințul Alexandru al Greciei (viitorul Alexandru I), Prințesa Elena a Greciei, Prințul George al Greciei (viitorul George al II-lea), Împărăteasa Augusta Viktoria, Împărăteasa văduvă Victoria, Prințesa Victoria și Prințesa Margareta, jos: Prințul Adolf de Schaumburg-Lippe, Prințul Frederic Karl de Hesse, Prințul Heinrich, Kaiserul Wilhelm al II-lea, Prințul Constantin al Greciei (viitorul Constantin I), Prințul Albert de Schleswig-Holstein și Ernest Louis, Mare Duce de Hesse, mai 1900
Deutsch: Obere Reihe: Prinzessin Heinrich von Preußen (geb. Prinzessin Irene von Hessen), Kronprinzessin von Griechenland (geb. Prinzessin Sophie von Preußen, Erbprinzessin von Sachsen-Meiningen (geb. Prinzessin Charlotte von Preußen), davor Prinz Alexander (später König Alexander I. von Griechenland), Prinzessin Helene von Griechenland (später Königin von Rumänien), Prinz Georg (später König II.) von Griechenland, dahinter Kaiserin Auguste Viktoria, Kaiserin Friedrich, Prinzessin Adolf zu Schaumburg-Lippe (geb. Prinzessin Viktoria von Preußen), Prinzessin Friedrich Karl von Hessen (geb. Prinzessin Margarethe von Preußen). Untere Reihe (sitzend): Prinz Adolf zu Schaumburg-Lippe, Prinz Friedrich Karl (später Landgraf) von Hessen, Prinz Heinrich von Preußen, Kaiser Wilhelm II., Kronprinz Konstantin (später König Konstantin I.) von Griechenland, Prinz Albert von Schleswig-Holstein, Großherzog Ernst Ludwig von Hessen. Português: Vitória, Imperatriz-viúva da Alemanha com seus filhos, familiares, genros e noras (em pé, a partir da esquerda) Princesa Irene de Hesse, Princesa Sofia, Princesa Carlota, Príncipe Alexandre da Grécia (futuro Alexandre I), Princesa Helena da Grécia, Príncipe Jorge da Grécia (futuro Jorge II), Imperatriz Augusta Vitória, Imperatriz-viúva Vitória, Princesa Vitória e Princesa Margarida (sentados, a partir da esquerda) Príncipe Adolfo de Schaumburg-Lippe, Príncipe Frederico Carlos de Hesse, Príncipe Henrique, Kaiser Guilherme II, Príncipe Constantino da Grécia (futuro Constantino I), Príncipe Alberto de Schleswig-Holstein e o Grão-duque Ernesto Luís de Hesse.
Sites des associations des ailes anciennes.   Légende  1 : Ailes anciennes Les Mureaux
 2 : Ailes anciennes Le Bourget
 3 : Ailes anciennes Alsace
 4 : Ailes anciennes Armorique
 5 : Ailes anciennes La Baule
 6 : Ailes anciennes Angers
 7 : Ailes anciennes Touraine
 8 : Ailes anciennes Côte d'Or
 9 : Ailes anciennes Haute-Savoie
 10 : Ailes anciennes du Val de Boutonne
 11 : Ailes anciennes de Corbas
 12 : Ailes anciennes de l'Isère
 13 : Ailes anciennes Montélimar
 14 : Ailes anciennes d'Istres et de l'étang de Berre
 15 : Ailes anciennes Aquitaine
 16 : Ailes anciennes Toulouse
   
Carte des sites des Ailes anciennes : 1 : Ailes Anciennes Les Mureaux - Antic Air 2 : Ailes Anciennes Le Bourget 3 : Ailes Anciennes Alsace 4 : Ailes Anciennes Armorique - Musée aéronautique de Vannes-Monterblanc 5 : Ailes Anciennes La Baule - MAPICA - Musée Aéronautique de la Presqu'Ile - Côte d'Amour 6 : Ailes Anciennes Angers - GPPA - Groupement pour la Préservation du Patrimoine Aéronautique 7 : Ailes Anciennes Touraine - Aéro-Vintage 8 : Ailes Anciennes Côte d'Or - Musée de Savigny-Lès-Beaune 9 : Ailes Anciennes Haute-Savoie 10 : Ailes Anciennes du Val de Boutonne - Association des Sports de l'Air du Val de Boutonne 11 : Ailes Anciennes de Corbas 12 : Ailes Anciennes de l'Isère - CELAG - Centre d'Etudes et de Loisirs Aérospatiaux de Grenoble 13 : Ailes Anciennes Montélimar - Musée européen de l'aviation de chasse 14 : Ailes Anciennes d'Istres et de l'étang de Berre - CPAI - Conservatoire du Patrimoine Aéronautique Istréen 15 : Ailes Anciennes Aquitaine - Conservatoire de l'Air et de l'Espace d'Aquitaine CAEA 16 : Ailes Anciennes Toulouse
Üç kutup ayısı, USS Honolulu (SSN 718) adlı Los Angeles sınıf taarruz denizaltısı, kuzey kutbuna 280 mil uzaklıkta su yüzeyin çıkmışken, ona yaklaşıyorlar. Ayılar tekneyi iki saat süreyle inceledikten sonra uzaklaştılar. Denizaltı, Arktik Okyanusu'nda gizli faaliyetler sürdürürken, ayrıca ABD ve Kanada üniversiteleri için bilimsel veri ve su örnekleri toplamaktaydı. USS Honolulu, Los Angeles-sınıfı denizaltıların 24.'sü olup Kuzey Kutup bölgesini ziyaret eden kendi sınıfındaki ilk denizaltıdır. Havai'nin Pearl Harbor şehrinde üslenmiş olan Büyük Okyanus 3. Denizaltı Filosu'na aittir.
English: Three Polar bears approach the starboard bow of the Los Angeles-class fast attack submarine USS Honolulu (SSN 718) while surfaced 280 miles from the North Pole. Sighted by a lookout from the bridge (sail) of the submarine, the bears investigated the boat for almost 2 hours before leaving. Commanded by Cmdr. Charles Harris, USS Honolulu while conducting otherwise classified operations in the Arctic, collected scientific data and water samples for U.S. and Canadian Universities as part of an agreement with the Arctic Submarine Laboratory (ASL) and the National Science Foundation (NSF). USS Honolulu is the 24th Los Angeles-class submarine, and the first original design in her class to visit the North Pole region. Honolulu is assigned to Commander Submarine Pacific, Submarine Squadron Three, Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.
圖3）第三種扁球面坐標系
  
    
      
        (
        σ
        ,
         
        τ
        ,
         
        ϕ
        )
      
    
    {\displaystyle (\sigma ,\ \tau ,\ \phi )}
  
的三個坐標曲面。紅色扁球面是
  
    
      
        σ
      
    
    {\displaystyle \sigma }
  
坐標曲面。藍色單葉雙曲面是
  
    
      
        τ
      
    
    {\displaystyle \tau }
  
坐標曲面。黃色半平面是
  
    
      
        ϕ
      
    
    {\displaystyle \phi }
  
坐標曲面 （黃色半平面與xz-半平面之間的二面角角度是
  
    
      
        ϕ
      
    
    {\displaystyle \phi }
  
）。z-軸是垂直的，以白色表示。x-軸以綠色表示。第三種扁球面坐標系有雙重簡併。這可以從三個坐標曲面的兩個相交點P1，P2 （以黑色的圓球表示）觀察到。
Version of Image:Oblate_spheroidal_coordinates.png that highlights the two-fold degeneracy in the z-axis.
La modulación en frecuencia (FM) tiene un mejor rechazo a la interferencia electromagnética que AM, como se muestra en esta dramática demostración publicitaria en Nueva York realizada por General Electric en 1940. Cerca del prototipo de receptor de radio (en el centro) que contenía receptores para AM y FM se realizó una descarga eléctrica de un millón de voltios. Durante la sintonía en AM, el grado de interferencia fue tal que solo logró escucharse el resultado de la descarga eléctrica. Cuando se cambió al modo FM, la música logró escucharse con sólo una pequeña cantidad de estática.
English: A dramatic public relations demonstration in 1940 by General Electric of the resistance to static (RFI) of its new radio broadcasting technology, frequency modulation (FM). It was held in GE's high voltage lab in New York, with a lightning-like arc from a million volt three phase-transformer as a source of interference behind the radio. The prototype radio, center, had both an AM and FM receiver. The AM receiver was tuned to music from WABC, GE's New York City AM station. The FM receiver was tuned to the same program rebroadcast by Edwin Armstrong's experimental FM radio station, W2XMN, in Alpine, New Jersey. When the AM radio was turned on, only a roar of static from the spark could be heard. When the FM radio was turned on, the music program came through clearly with just a slight amount of static. It took until the 1970s for FM broadcasting to really catch on, but today virtually all serious music broadcasting has moved from AM to FM due to its superior audio quality. Alterations to image: cloned out some text graphics overlaying the image in the upper left corner.
360° panorama from the summit of Mount St. Helens as seen in October 2009. In the foreground is the ice-covered crater rim. Visible in the lower center is the lava dome. Steam rises from several dome vents. Above the dome, in the upper center, lies Mount Rainier and Spirit Lake. Mount Adams appears to the right of Rainier on the horizon as well as Mount Hood and Mount Jefferson on the far right. Also on the far right are glimpses of the Swift Reservoir, Yale Lake, Lake Merwin and the Lewis River. Climbers stand on the crater rim and are visible along the Monitor Ridge climbing route.
English: 360° panorama from the summit of Mount St. Helens as seen on an early-October afternoon. In the foreground is the ice-covered crater rim. Visible in the lower center is the lava dome. Steam rises from several dome vents. Above the dome, in the upper center, lies Mount Rainier and Spirit Lake. Mount Adams appears to the right of Rainier on the horizon as well as Mount Hood and Mount Jefferson on the far right. Also on the far right are glimpses of the Swift Reservoir, Yale Lake, Lake Merwin and the Lewis River. Climbers stand on the crater rim and are visible along the Monitor Ridge climbing route. Photo by Gregg M. Erickson
Iglesia de Santa María Virgen, Iffley, Oxfordshire, vidriera del siglo XV con las armas de John de la Pole, Duque de Suffolk (1442–1491/2), KG. Armas:  por cuadrantes, 1.º y 4.º: Azure un fess entre tres caras de leopardo o (de la Pole, (aquí con seis caras de leopardo)); 2.º & 3.º: Argent, un jefe gules sobre todo un león rampante con doble cola o (Burghersh de Ewelme); Impaling las armas reales de Inglaterra con etiqueta de tres puntos argent, las armas de su 2.ª mujer Elizabeth de York. Cresta: Un Saracen  cabeza gules, barba y oro de cabello, con un jewelled fillet sobre el brows
English: St Mary the Virgin parish church, Iffley, Oxfordshire: 15th-century stained glass of the arms of John de la Pole, 2nd Duke of Suffolk (1442-1491/2), KG. Arms: Quarterly, 1st & 4th: Azure a fess between three leopard's faces or; 2nd & 3rd: Argent, a chief gules, over all a lion rampant double queued or; Impaling the arms of his 2nd wife Elizabeth of York, the sixth child and third daughter of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York and Cecily Neville. Crest: An old man’s head gules, beard and hair gold, with a jewelled fillet about the brows.
Ein Flugzeug fliegt auf einer (örtlich konstanten) geneigten Kreisbahn in einem Windfeld und kann damit seine Energie erhöhen. Energiegewinn infolge der Windscherung entsteht auf denjenigen Abschnitten der Flugbahn, wo die Windkomponente in Anströmrichtung −u zunimmt, und das heißt formelmäßig 
  
    
      
        −
        
          
            
              
                w
              
              ˙
            
          
        
        ⋅
        
          u
        
        >
        0
      
    
    {\displaystyle -{\dot {\mathbf {w} }}\cdot \mathbf {u} >0}
  
.
English: explaing dynamic soaring Deutsch: erklärt Dynamischen Segelflug
Figure 2: Consensus secondary structure of the αr9 members predicted by RNA[7] and RNAalifold.[8] Smr9C is coloured according to base pair probabilities, the color probability scale is indicated in the drawing. The αr9 family structure is coloured following a base conservation scheme. Red: base pair occurring in all sequences used to generate the consensus; yellow: two types of base pairing occur; Green: three types of base pairing occur. The shading of base pairs represents: Saturated, no inconsistent sequences; Pale, one inconsistent sequence; Very pale, two inconsistent sequences.
English: 9C alignment conservation
Monument to Brownlow Cust, 1st Baron Brownlow, by Richard Westmacott, in St Peter and St Paul's Church, Belton. The shield above shows arms quarterly of 4: 1&4: Cust; 2: Brownlow of Belton (Or, an escutcheon within an orle of martlets sable); 3: Payne (Sable, a fess ermine in chief three crosses patée fitchée argent), with two inescutcheons overall, for his two heiress wives: dexter: Drury of Overstone, Northamptonshire: (Argent, on a chief vert a tau between two mullets pierced or); sinister: Bankes of Wimbledon: (Sable, a cross engrailed couped or between four fleurs de lys argent)
English: Monument to Brownlow Cust, 1st Baron Brownlow (1744-1807) of Belton House. Belton Church, Lincolnshire. By Richard Westmacott. Arms quarterly of 4: 1&4: Cust 2: Brownlow 3: Payne (Sable, a fess ermine in chief three crosses patée fitchée argent) With two inescutcheons overall, for his two wives: dexter: Drury (Drury baronets of Overstone, Northamptonshire): Argent, on a chief vert a tau between two mullets pierced or (Burke's General Armory, 1884); sinister: Bankes of Wimbledon: Sable, a cross engrailed couped or between four fleurs de lys argent.
Yêu cầu sản xuất chính (PPR) để duy trì việc đánh bắt thủy sản biển toàn cầu được biểu thị bằng tỷ lệ phần trăm của sản xuất chính địa phương (PP). Ước tính PPR, PP và PPR / PP được tính trên mỗi tế bào đại dương 0,5 ° vĩ độ / kinh độ. Ước tính PPR dựa trên [www.seaaroundus.org Biển chung quanh chúng tôi] cơ sở dữ liệu đánh bắt và ước tính PP có nguồn gốc từ dữ liệu vệ tinh màu đại dương toàn cầu của SeaWiFS. Các bản đồ đại diện cho tổng số hạ cánh hàng năm cho năm 1950 (trên cùng) và 2005 (dưới cùng). Lưu ý rằng ước tính PP là tĩnh và xuất phát từ quan sát khái quát cho năm 1998.[1]
English: Primary production required (PPR) to sustain global marine fisheries landings expressed as percentage of local primary production (PP). Estimates of PPR, PP and PPR/PP computed per 0.5° latitude/longitude ocean cells. PPR estimates based on the [www.seaaroundus.org Sea Around Us] catch database and PP estimates derived from SeaWiFS's global ocean colour satellite data. The maps represent total annual landings for 1950 (top) and 2005 (bottom). Note that PP estimates are static and derived from the synoptic observation for 1998. See: Swartz, W., Sala, E., Tracey, S., Watson, R. and Pauly, D., 2010. "The spatial expansion and ecological footprint of fisheries (1950 to present)". PloS one, 5 (12): e15143.
Le cerf de virginie, dont la population est estimée à environ 30 millions d'individus en Amérique du Nord est l'espèce-réservoir des ehrlichia pour cette région biogéographique ; Les tiques parasitant ce cerf sont les principales vectrices des erhlichia dans ces régions. Il contribue à diffuser la maladie, d'autant mieux que ses prédateurs naturels carnivores sauvages ont disparu de la presque totalité de son aire de répartition, et qu'il est souvent alimenté en hiver, ce qui permet la survie d'animaux fortement parasités, qui auraient normalement été éliminés par sélection naturelle
Diagrama que inclúe algunhas das citocinas importantes que determinan o tipo de célula sanguínea que se orixinará.[13] SCF= Factor de célula nai.  Tpo= Trombopoetina.  IL= Interleucina.  GM-CSF= Factor estimulante das colonias de granulocitos-macrófagos.  Epo= Eritropoetina.  M-CSF= Factor estimulante das colonias de macrófagos.  G-CSF= Factor estimulante das colonias de granulocitos.  SDF-1= Factor 1 derivado de células estromais.  Ligando FLT-3= ligando da tirosina quinase 3 de tipo FMS.  TNF-α = Factor de necrose tumoral alfa.  TGFβ = Factor de crecemento transformante beta.  [14]
English: Hematopoiesis as it occurs in humans, with important hemopoietic growth factors affecting differentiation. Legend: SCF= Stem Cell Factor Tpo= Thrombopoietin IL= Interleukin GM-CSF= Granulocyte Macrophage-colony stimulating factor Epo= Erythropoietin M-CSF= Macrophage-colony stimulating factor G-CSF= Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor SDF-1= Stromal cell-derived factor-1 FLT-3 ligand= FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand TNF-a = Tumour necrosis factor-alpha TGF-β = Transforming growth factor beta References: For the growth factors also mentioned in previous version Hematopoiesis (human) cytokines.jpg: Molecular cell biology. Lodish, Harvey F. 5. ed. : - New York : W. H. Freeman and Co., 2003, 973 s. b ill. ISBN: 0-7167-4366-3 The rest: Rod Flower; Humphrey P. Rang; Maureen M. Dale; Ritter, James M. (2007) Rang & Dale's pharmacology, Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone ISBN: 0-443-06911-5.
Approximate plot of a typical action potential shows its various phases as the action potential passes a point on a cell membrane. The membrane potential starts out at approximately −70 mV at time zero. A stimulus is applied at time = 1 ms, which raises the membrane potential above −55 mV (the threshold potential). After the stimulus is applied, the membrane potential rapidly rises to a peak potential of +40 mV at time = 2 ms. Just as quickly, the potential then drops and overshoots to −90 mV at time = 3 ms, and finally the resting potential of −70 mV is reestablished at time = 5 ms.