Әлемдік қаржы орталықтары
English: I modified a copy of the map 'File:Commonwealth games 1998 medal winners.PNG' by Commons user Roke. It replaces my map 'File:PIGS Mk 3 map.png' which became defective would not update, when I uploaded the updated image. I added Antarctica to it.--Snow storm in Eastern Asia (talk) 15:03, 4 June 2010 (UTC) The map's time frame is from 1st January 2007 to 1st July 31 2010. Sorry about the length, I have globalized it. The price of Nickel boomed in the late 1990s, then the price of nickel imploded from around $51,000 /£36,700 per metric ton in the May of 2007 to about $11,550/£8,300 per metric ton in the January of 2009. Prices were only just starting to recover as of January 2010, but most of Australia's nickel mines had gone bankrupt by then. As the price for high grade nickel sulphate ore recovered in 2010, so did the Australian mining industry. By late 2010 both Iceland, the UK, the USA and Latvia are recovering after their major 2008 and 2009 banking failures and closures (Northern Rock, Icesave, Lehman Broths, etc). Belarus had a 20% overnight devaluation of the national currency on 2 January 2009. Germany and Egypt were going down with a heavy budget deficit on May 6th and February the 24th, 2010, respectively. The Czech Republic had a heavy budget deficit by 22-09-2009. The banking situation still remains unbalanced, and major banking breakdowns are now limited thanks to the guaranty of public funds in the USA. The Euro-zone is still to recover, but generally hasn't been affected by such profound banking failures, with the exception of Greece, Spain, Belgium and the UK. Slovakia gave money to their folding central bank on the 8th of December, 2009, and Norway’s oil output fell in both 2009 and 2010. 40% of Bosnians were jobless in mid 2010. Concerning the European 'PIIGS' countries shown on the map : Consecutively to the severe crisis in Greece, some speculation was made against other Euro-zone states, using the pejorative name of PIIGS (combination of the initials of Portugal, Italy, Ireland, Greece and Spain) to increase the fear and the feelings of messiness these countries may give to many investors who only have an incomplete knowledge of their economy. If Ireland is most definitely in a difficult situation, Italy has strictly no reason to be compared to Greece, with a deficit of less than a half of the Greek one. Although severely affected in terms of unemployment, Spain has already been through such situations in the past (most of the 80's and 90's) without any risk of bankruptcy, and it is important to remember the actual deficit comes after years of positive balance. Thanks to this, the debt refund (interest included) represent, today, less in percentage in the annual budget for 2010, than it did in any of the last fifteen years. Besides, the failing UK deserved more than any other to be associated with the failed state of Greece. But, apart from the questionable nicknames (may "GUK" sound less funny than "PIIGS"?), all this shows how much words and rumours can play important roles in a somewhat serious and full of severe consequences subject : world economy. In any case, UK is indeed not far from Greece in terms of public debt, and surely more exposed than some of the so called "PIIGS". In conclusion, ridiculous rumours ("France out of the Euro", "Spain bankruptcy") and scurrilous nicknames (PIIGS) obviously helped speculation against the Euro-zone, by increasing the panic induced by the quite real and serious Greek crisis. It is however important to remember that Greece represents for the European Union hardly much more than Oklahoma for the USA, while in America, much weightier states than Oklahoma, like California, are in very difficult situation too. In fact, this speculation against the Euro allowed a side effect : the purchase of huge amounts of US Dollars in a key moment of the crisis, giving at least some value to China's colossal reserves (almost exclusively in US Dollars) and allowing the USA to benefit from more time ahead, to carry on going through this crisis, in hope of an eventual true recovery (independent of public stimulus), which is the only viable option for the world's biggest economy to overcome its abyssal financial depression. Since 2008, the "PIIGS" strategy is just one of different attempts : One of the most representative of the precedent rumours was in late 2008 and early 2009, about probable doom-like chain reactions in Eastern European countries, regarding local private banking failures (which, eventually, did not happen to be that bad)... Chile‘s economy shrank 4.5% in 2009 and Algeria’s gas exports fell b 3.9% in 2009 due to reduced demand in the EU. Drought has hit some parts of the Magreb and Iberia badly in 2009 and 2010. About 37.3 million (37,3000,000) Americans, or about 12.5% of the population, were living in poverty during 2007 according to timesofoman.com. Other sources put higher poverty rates up for Uzbekistan and Tadjikistan. The IMF gave a 3, 500,000,000 loan to Belarus on January the 3rd, 2009, according to www.thefreelibrary.com. Despite of all this some Arabian economies were doing well. The Oxford Business Group and the International Monetary Fund (I.M.F.) report on the 11th of June, 2009, that Bahrain should see an economic increase of 2.6 % in the fiscal year of 2009 to 2010. Oman’s tourist industry grew, but a dip in oil exports caused a brief recession by May 2009. Saudi Arabia, Quatar and Kuwait were also seeing limited positive economic growth during 2009 and 2010. Surprisingly, The Emirate of Dubai went temporarily bankrupt on the 24th of March, 2009. Abu Dhabi has also saw a heavy slip in real estate sales since 2008 and subsequently prices have also slipped slightly downwards in 2010. Inevitably the crisis has affected all countries in region some ways, but certain countries were vastly affected more than others. In Africa, between May 12th and 26th, both Mauritania, the Sénégal River Area and neighbouring parts of both Senegal and Mali faced both a drought and famine in 2010. Their economies were damaged by this to. The Johannesburg Stock Exchange fell by 31% in 2008. Mining authorities announced on the 10th of December, 2009, that the Dikulushi Mine, which is situated in the Democratic Republic of the Congo’s Katanga Province, would close due to poor copper prices. In Central America Dollarization damages some states like El Salvador, Armenia had an increase of consumer prices by 20-30% on March 3rd, 2009. Azerbijan had budget surplus of 4.9% on May 13th, 2010. Thailand was planning to cut it’s budget deficit to 4% in 2011. They had a Bt400 billion deficit in January 28, 2010 and a Bt150 billion the fiscal year 0f 2008 (2009 was in keeping with the trend, but not specified). Deloitte say Canadian consumers are increasing their debt-to-disposable-income ratios to more than 130% on February 04, 2009 and Canada‘s budget deficits totalled C$85 billion ($69 billion) over five years as the result of a recession and a C$40 billion two-year stimulus package packed with infrastructure spending, tax cuts and targeted loans by January 27, 2009. Poland's general government deficit widened to 7.1 percent of gross domestic product 2009, but slightly narrower than the government's estimate. By 29 July, 2009, Brazil’s first-half nominal budget deficit index, including federal and local governments and state companies, widened to 43.7 billion Reais ($23 billion), the biggest gap since the modern records began in 2001. By the 18th January, 2010, Angola began to diversify it’s economy and on the 15th of May, 2010, Angolan entrepreneurial activity remained low. Haiti’s earthquake of 2010 had ruined the economy. In Singapore , the economy shrank by 2.1% in 2009, but may grow by 4.5% to 6.5% in 2010. By March, 2010, Vietnam had spent 1% of it’s GDP ($1billion) on subsidising the economy, but 5.32% growth seen likely by Vietnam for the whole of 2009. By the 13th of February, 2009, the Dutch economy shrank 0.9%. On the 6th of March, 2009, Indonesia’s government forecast a maximum 4 per cent growth as the recession devastated East Timor during March, 2009. Cuba entered a severe recession by December, 2008, and New Zealand was in recession by August, 2008. The Finnish central bank forecast, annual Finnish GDP to contract by 7.2% in 2009, remain unchanged in 2010 and grow 1.6% in 2011. Republic of Congo's real GDP rose by 8.30% in 2009. Mongolian bulk trading sales were increased 45.2% compared with the same period of last Year May 15, 2010. Kenyan tea and coffee exports fell by just under 50% in 2008, but recovered in 2009. Nigeria’s economy is sadly being corrupted and in need restructuring reforms. Mauritania’s economy is in need of restructuring reforms and fiscal discipline. Today, high oil revenues and a small population give Libya one of the highest GDPs per person in Africa and have allowed the Libyan state to provide an extensive level of social security, particularly in the fields of housing and education. Many problems still beset Libya's economy however; unemployment is the highest in the region at 21% according to the latest census figures. Pakistan would also receive a yearly loan from Japan worth $500 million from 2006 to 2011 to help develop I.T. usage. The name of the Central Bank of Nigeria has been used in a series of so-called 'Nigerian 419 Scams'. The fraudster sends an e-mail that appears to come from a Central Bank employee to millions of people saying the Bank has found an excess of money, or a debt owing to, a person or persons who have since died, and they wish to export it. The victim submits his own bank account so that the money may be placed therein, only to find that within a week his account is empty. The bank is in no way associated with such scams. Malian, Kirgizian and Burkina Faso organic cotton bucked the down turn in 2010, while Zimbabwe's hyper inflation reached 25,000% in 2009. Taiwan was in recession as its economy contracted by a record 8.36%. by February 18, 2009. Most pacific islands were in a recession from 2008 to 2010. Economic Growth was expected to rise slightly in resource-rich Papua New Guinea, lifting the overall growth rate in the Pacific to 3.7 per cent from 2.4%. South Korea’s exports Slid 21.2% and the economy only grew by 0.1% between January and March 2009, when compared with the last quarter of 2008. Vietnam's economy looked very shaky between 2009 and 2010 as a recession bit. The Ivory Coast’s chocolate/cocoa bean exports were booming in 2010. The Asian Development Bank reports Vanuatu‘s would expand by 0.5 per cent this year after contracting an estimated 1.4 per cent last year.By measuring currency devaluation, equity market decline, and the rise in sovereign bond spreads, a picture of financial devastation emerges. Since these three indicators show financial weakness, taken together, they capture the impact of the crisis. The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace reports in its International Economics Bulletin that Ukraine and Hungary, as well as Argentina and Jamaica, are the countries most deeply affected by the crisis. Other severely affected countries are Ireland, Russia, Mexico, the Baltic states, United States and United Kingdom. By contrast, China, Japan, India, Iran, Peru and Australia are "among the least affected". Commodity, food, fuel and metal prices fluctuated heavily at this time with both the lead and Zinc prices rose sharply in early 2007, then collapsed to nearly their original starting price by the end of the next year.[1] Lead and Zink prices began to rise in early 2007 due to increased word wide demand. Prices were about $1,200 per tonne of lead in the October and then hurtled up to $2,220 per tonne of lead by September. Despite the Bullish market condition, the price had collapsed by the July of 2009 and was only worth about $1,400 per tonne of lead. The lead and Zinc markets became rather Bearish for several months afterwards. Prices were hovering at between $1,770 and $2,175 per tonne of lead[2] as the markets became more bullish after China's car scrapage scheme had caused a general upturn in lead, zinc, cadmium and Aluminium prices.[3] By the June of 2010 prices stood at only $870 per tonne of lead bad back to about $2,200 in the July of 2010[4] A Chinese mining company opened a new Tantalum mine in the DRC in early 2010. The blizzards of the winter of 2009-2010 caused heavy damage in Russia, China and Mongolia, which appeared to have posible long term consiquences.[5][6] The Northern Hemisphere Summer heatwave 2010 affected the region's trade stats. New York City saw temperature as high as 35°C in some areas and it was predicted to reach 38C the next day. A report released by the Wall Street Journal on July 7, saying that June saw retail sails rise over the American Independence Day holiday Father's Day, especially along the East Coast of America.[7] By July 3, retail sales had risen by 3.9% from the year-ago period and 1% over the previous week, according to the International Council of Shopping Centers, and Goldman Sachs and Johnson Redbook Research also showed a sales gain in the final week of June, citing the hot weather. Consumers hid from the heat in air-conditioned shopping malls and bought more goods than usual summer merchandise like ice cream, air conditioners, fans, swimwear, hats, sun screen, vest tops and pool and beach equipment were all selling like the proverbial hotcakes, whilst unusualy heavy monsoons hit other parts of the nation. The Chinese heat wave made commodities including sugar cane, flowers, tea, fruit, potatoes, rapeseed, medicinal ingredients, tobacco, wheat, rubber and coffee have been severely affected with output reduced by as much as 50%. Authorities began to fear unrest due to soaring food prices and sent more than 10,000 armed police to the affected regions to ensure stability and help with water supplies. One of the European heat waves left and overheating Morocco in early July, for the Iberian Peninsula was attributed to the regional hot air currents that depart from the Sahara desert in Northern Africa at about 1,000 meters in altitude, which facilitated a movement in the hot air towards the Balkans and the Ukraine via the Straits of Gibraltar, Spain and Italy. For the rest of the information and the key, then enlarge the image. --Snow storm in Eastern Asia (talk) 02:38, 15 May 2010 (UTC)