#  Introduction to DMP development

IL TROVATORE contributes to the H2020 Open Research Data (ORD) Pilot, which
‘aims to make the research data generated by H2020 projects accessible with as
few restrictions as possible, while at the same time protecting sensitive data
from inappropriate use’ [1]. The IL TROVATORE participation to the ORD Pilot
calls for the development of a Data Management Plan (DMP), the 1  st  version
of which is presented herein; regularly updated versions of the DMP, which is
a ‘living document’, will be submitted at the end of each reporting period or
in an _ad hoc_ manner when properly motivated.

Typically, a DMP is a document that describes the way the data will be treated
during the project lifetime and the fate of these data after the end of the
project [2]. DMPs may cover fully or partially the data life cycle, i.e., from
data production, selection/collection and organisation (e.g., databases),
through quality assurance & quality control, documentation (e.g., data types,
lab methods) and use of the data, to data preservation and sharing (e.g.,
dissemination strategies) [2]. Michener et al. [2] have summarised the
following 10 simple rules that govern the development of an efficient DMP:

  1. **Determine the research sponsor requirements:** sponsors usually provide DMP requirements in either the public request/call for proposals or in an online grant proposal guide. The European Commission’s expectations from the DMPs produced within the ORD Pilot may be found in the Participant Portal H2020 Online Manual [3], which also provides a DMP template in ODT format (i.e., an OpenDocument format) [4]. This template was used to produce the IL TROVATORE DMP. 

  

  2. **Identify the data to be collected:** a good DMP plan includes sufficient information to understand the collected data, i.e., the data types, sources and volume, as well as the data and file formats. Since not all data-related information is known for the IL TROVATORE project at this stage, the DMP will be iteratively updated in the project lifetime. 

  

  3. **Define how the data will be organised:** defining the best approach to organise and manage the produced data can only happen when the types and volume of data are known or can at least be predicted with a reasonable level of accuracy. Therefore, the appropriate software tools for data organisation will be defined in one of the updated DMP versions that will be produced later in the project lifetime. The IL TROVATORE DMP proposes naming conventions for important documents (e.g., Deliverables, Milestones, etc.), while it considers the use of persistent unique identifiers (e.g., Digital Object Identifiers – DOIs) and versioning control (e.g., software and data products) whenever appropriate. 

  

  4. **Explain how the data will be documented:** this refers to the use of metadata that can allow data and files to be discovered, used, and properly cited. Metadata provide details on what, where, when, why and how the data were collected, processed and interpreted. Metadata also describe how data and files are named, physically structured, and stored; they also provide details about the experiments, analytical methods, and research context in which they were acquired. The metadata completeness and comprehensiveness can be directly associated with the data utility and longevity. A successful documentation strategy is based on 3 steps: (a) identify the type of information that must be captured so as to enable data discovery, access, interpretation, use and citation; (b) determine whether there is a community-based metadata schema or standard (i.e., preferred sets of metadata elements) that can be easily adopted. Often, a data-repository-specific content standard is recommended by the target data repository, archive, or domain professional organisation; (c) identify software tools that can be used to create and manage metadata content. A well-informed documentation strategy will only be defined for the IL TROVATORE metadata at a later stage of the project, i.e., when there is more information on the nature of the data (i.e., type, volume, format, etc.) to be collected in the project lifetime. 

  

  5. **Describe how data quality will be assured:** quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) refer to the processes employed to measure, assess, and improve the quality of products (e.g., data, software). Since the 1  st  version of the IL TROVATORE DMP is produced at an early stage of the project lifetime, where the optimum material testing methods (e.g., for joining materials, SiC/SiC composites, etc.) have not yet been identified, it is impossible to describe the QA/QC measures (e.g., instrument calibration and verification tests, statistical and visualisation approaches to detect errors, training activities, etc.) that will be employed in the project. The appropriate QA/QC measures will be described in later DMP versions, when the project beneficiaries have had the opportunity to make well-informed decisions on the most appropriate, activity-specific measures. 

  

  6. **Present a sound data storage and preservation strategy:** data storage and preservation are key to a good DMP, so as to ensure that data remain available for use by both their originators and others. The data storage and preservation strategy must consider the following 3 questions: (1) how long will the data be accessible, (2) how will the data be stored and protected over the duration of the project, and (3) how will the data be preserved and made available for future use. It has already been decided that the data will be first stored in the password-protected SharePoint area of the IL TROVATORE website (  _http://www.iltrovatore-h2020.eu/_ )  . The openly-accessible data sets, codes, etc., will be preserved in the Zenodo repository (  _https://zenodo.org/_ )  , which has been developed in the framework of the OpenAIRE project (  _https://www.openaire.eu/_ )  in order to share, curate and publish data produced by EC-funded research. 

  

  7. **Define the project’s data policies:** a good DMP should include explicit policy statements on data management and data sharing. Such policy statements could touch upon issues, such as licensing or sharing arrangements of pre-existing (background) data as well as plans for retaining, licensing, sharing and embargoing data, codes, etc., produced in the project framework (foreground data). Developing a sound data policy that does not regard sensitive data with legal/ethical restrictions typically comprises 2 steps: (a) identify and describe relevant licensing and sharing arrangements by considering proprietary and intellectual property rights (IPR) laws as well as export control regulations on the research products (e.g., data, codes, software, etc.); and (b) explain how and when the data/research products will be made available (e.g., describe embargo/delay periods associated with publications or patenting, possible non-standard licenses and waivers, etc.). The IL TROVATORE IP management approach has been described in detail in the project Consortium Agreement (CA) document, which has been signed by the 30 beneficiaries in February 2018 [5]. 

  

  

The 1  st  version of the DMP also discusses publication embargo issues
associated with open access publishing in the framework of the project.

  8. **Describe how the data will be disseminated:** the DMP must also address how and when the data products will be disseminated both within and beyond the Consortium boundaries. Dissemination can be ensured using both passive and active approaches. In the IL TROVATORE project, passive dissemination involves placing the data in the password-protected area (SharePoint) of the website, while active dissemination involves publishing the data in the Zenodo repository; moreover, open access will be ensured for all peer-reviewed scientific publications on the data produced within the framework of the project. Other means of active data dissemination may include (a) submitting the data (or data subsets) as appendices or supplementary materials in peer-reviewed Journal articles, and (b) publishing the data, metadata and relevant codes as “data papers” [6]. It is important to note that many Journals and data repositories provide guidelines on the appropriate citation of data by others, including the use of DOIs and recommended citation formats. Moreover, the data will be more usable and interpretable by all interested parties, provided they are disseminated using standard, non-proprietary approaches and when they are accompanied by metadata and associated codes used for data processing. 

  

  9. **Assign roles and responsibilities:** a good DMP describes with clarity the roles and responsibilities of every organisation involved in the project. These roles may include data collection, data entry, QA/QC measures, metadata creation and management, backup, data preparation and submission to an archive/repository, and systems administration. Time allocation and needed staff level of expertise must be carefully considered. A large-scale, multi-investigator, multidisciplinary project, such as IL TROVATORE, should consider a staff member dedicated to data management, probably within the premises of the project coordinator (SCK•CEN). As already mentioned, this 1  st  DMP version is considered a ‘living document’ that will be updated at the end of each reporting period (m18, m36, m54), until a mature data management policy is established. It is also recommended to revisit the DMP frequently (e.g., on a quarterly basis) so as to reflect the evolution in policies and protocols. The DMP revision history will also be tracked, registering the dates when changes were made along with the person who made them. In order to describe the principles of data management after the end of the project, it is advisable to describe the policies and procedures of the data repository (i.e., Zenodo in the case of IL TROVATORE) where the data will be stored. 

  

  10. **Prepare a realistic budget:** data management is time-consuming and costly in terms of personnel, software, and hardware. At present, data management is entrusted to SCK•CEN, in association with the planned activities on website maintenance. However, it is clear that data management activities will grow as data production evolves in the project lifetime. Since IL TROVATORE brings together academic partners, who are interested in publishing, with industrial partners, who are keen on patenting and transferring the produced innovation to market, data management is an activity that cannot be taken lightly in this project. The budget/personnel that will be dedicated to data management at SCK•CEN is currently under consideration. The potential disagreement between entities that traditionally strive for publishing (i.e., research organisations, ROs) and entities that strive for patenting (i.e., industries) has already been discussed by the European IPR Helpdesk (  _https://www.iprhelpdesk.eu/_ )  in a dedicated report/fact sheet [7]; in the same fact sheet, the idea of bridging that commonly encountered ‘gap’ has been explored and alternative dissemination routes (e.g., defensive publication, open access, etc.) have been proposed. 

  

  

Fig. 1 is a graphical representation of the relation between research and data
life cycles that provides reference to the 10 rules governing DMP development
[2].

**Figure 1.** Graphical representation of the link between research and data
life cycles; the red numbers refer to the 10 rules governing DMP development.
The research life cycle involves (1) formulation of ideas & hypotheses, (2)
data acquisition, (3) data analysis, visualisation & interpretation, and (4)
data publication or alternative dissemination (e.g., Conference presentations,
etc.). The data life cycle involves (1) DMP development, (2) discovery of
existing data, (3) collection & organisation of new data, (4) data quality
assurance, (5) data description (e.g., ascribing metadata), (6) use of data,
(7) data preservation, and (8) data sharing. Figure adapted from Ref. [2].

As already mentioned, the DMP is a ‘living document’ that aims to describe all
stages in the data life cycle, from data generation and collection to data
preservation and sharing, providing guidelines on data management both during
the project lifetime and after the project ends. The herein presented 1  st
version of the DMP gives a tentative overview of important data management
aspects, such as the types and formats of data that will be
generated/collected during the project, the expected origin and reuse of data,
how to make data FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable),
etc. The next (updated) DMP version is scheduled for the end of the 1  st
reporting period (m18) and will contain more information on appropriate
metadata & keywords, QA/QC measures, strategy to make data interoperable,
resources that will be dedicated to data management, etc.

#  Data Summary

##  Data collection/generation with respect to the project objectives

IL TROVATORE is a Research & Innovation Action (RIA) dedicated to the
improvement of nuclear energy safety on a global scale by validating select
accident-tolerant fuel (ATF) cladding material concepts in an industrially
relevant environment (i.e., via neutron irradiation in PWR-like water). The
first 2 years in the project lifetime are dedicated to the optimisation of the
candidate ATF cladding concepts (SiC/SiC composites, MAX phase- and oxide-
coated clads, GESA surface-alloyed clads and ODS-FeCrAl alloys) and the
assessment of their performance with respect to the cladding material property
requirements imposed by the ATF application. Years 3-4 of the project are
dedicated to the neutron irradiation of well-performing materials in PWR-like
water in the BR2 research reactor. The R&D activities will be concluded by the
post-irradiation examination (PIE) of neutron-irradiated ATF cladding
materials; it should be noted that the collection of PIE data will start much
before m48 (end of the total 2-years irradiation in BR2) by analysing the
early-sampled materials (1-3 dpa). The PERT chart of the IL TROVATORE workflow
is shown in Fig. 2, indicating that the successful implementation of this
project relies on the feedback loops (i.e., data exchange) between foreseen
activities.

**Figure 2.** PERT chart of the workflow in the IL TROVATORE project.

IL TROVATORE strives to deliver proof-of-concept cladding materials (TRL 5)
that are designed to address the stringent requirements of the ATF
application. In all phases of the project, applicationdriven material design
exchanges info/data with material production and material performance
assessment, in a conscious effort towards accelerated materials development
(AMD), as dictated by the dire global societal and industrial demand for safer
nuclear energy. A schematic representation of the AMD principle is given in
Fig. 3. Meeting the ambitious S&T objectives of IL TROVATORE means that a
continuous flow of high-quality data must be ensured between the different
stages in ATF cladding material development. For example, the development of
accurate models that can predict the in-service degradation of the candidate
ATF clads relies on reliable input data from processing (WP1-WP3), performance
evaluation (WP4-WP6) and validation (WP7-WP8). AMD also involves the
development of high-throughput screening tools, such as ion/proton irradiation
to recreate, in a fast and relatively inexpensive way, material-specific
defect microstructures similar to those induced by neutron irradiation. The
successful employment of ion/proton irradiation to emulate neutron-induced
defect microstructures in innovative nuclear materials, such as the ones
studied in IL TROVATORE, relies on a robust data management policy. In
accordance with Fig. 1, the first step involves the labour-intensive
collection and evaluation of existing ion/proton/neutron irradiation data for
all IL TROVATORE ATF cladding materials & constituents thereof; needless to
say, the critical evaluation of the quality and relevance of the existing
irradiation data requires the involvement of reviewers with background in
Radiation Materials Science. This has been already achieved for the majority
of the candidate ATF cladding materials in the 1  st  edition of the report
accompanying Milestone 4 – Mining of existing irradiation data [8]. The second
step implies the collection and organization of new ion/proton irradiation
data; the new data can be divided in two data subsets: (a) the data that are
needed to validate the material-specific ion/proton irradiation approach,
which will be used in the project to assess the radiation tolerance of the
candidate ATF clads prior to the BR2 neutron irradiation; and (b) the actual
data that will provide key information on the radiation tolerance of the new
materials and on the possible ways to improve it (feedback to WP1-WP3). The
robustness of the employed ion/proton irradiation approach is linked to the
quality of the ion/proton irradiation data (step 4 in Fig. 1); hence, it is
quite important to dedicate a part of the ion/proton irradiation campaigns in
the project to develop and validate the proposed irradiation approaches. Once
the quality of the irradiation data produced in the project is ensured, their
further description, use , preservation and sharing (steps 58 in Fig. 1) are
guaranteed. Apart from the value of the actual irradiation data, proposing a
robust approach of using ions & protons to assess the radiation tolerance of
innovative nuclear materials is a major step forward for the conservative
nuclear sector. The data subsets involved in establishing such an approach
will be openly published in the framework of Deliverable 6.3 – Best-practice
guidelines on the use of ion/proton irradiation to facilitate AMD of nuclear
materials (m54), as well as in an accompanying “gold open access” Journal
article. The data management involved in the establishment of a material-
specific, best-practice approach for ion/proton irradiation is a single
indication of the anticipated complexity of the mature (end-of-project) DMP of
the IL TROVATORE project.

**Fig**

**ure**

**.**

**3**

AMD principle in IL TROVATORE.

Exploitation of

Innovative ATF

Material Concepts

Material

Design

Material

Assessment

##  Types and formats of collected data

The **research data** that are expected to be collected in the framework of
the IL TROVATORE project include: data in numerical and graphical format
(e.g., facts/numbers; graphs of the evolution of material properties with
processing/testing conditions); images (e.g., microstructural information on
all scales, from the microscale to the nanoscale); documents (e.g., reports
analysing/processing data subsets; peer-reviewed Journal articles with data in
appendix or supplement; patents; standards); presentations (e.g., Conference
presentations); etc.

Moreover, various **documents related with the project management/progress**
will be produced in the course of the project. These documents include:
Deliverables; Milestone reports; administrative documents (e.g., templates);
progress reports (e.g., BEBRs, IARs, PARs); minutes of progress meetings;
financial documents; presentations; etc. Documents associated with contractual
(Grant Agreement) obligations (e.g., Deliverables, Milestones, etc.) will be
uploaded to the ECAS portal and the password-protected area (SharePoint) of
the website (  _http://www.iltrovatore-h2020.eu/_ )  . These documents will
always be uploaded in PDF format.

**Dissemination-oriented documents** include: peer-reviewed Journal articles,
articles in Conference proceedings, educational/training notes/modules,
special Journal editions, etc.

**Communication-oriented documents/materials** comprise: brochures & leaflets,
video, website, etc.

The tentative list of datasets to be collected in the course of the IL
TROVATORE project is summarised in tabular form in the _**_Archive Plan_ ** _
(see **Annex 1** and IL TROVATORE Archive Plan_31032018.xlsx).

The 1  st  version of the DMP recommends the use of the following tentative
data formats:

**For numerical/tabular data:**

  * delimited text (.txt) with characters not present in data used as delimiters 

  

  * widely-used formats: MS Excel (.xls/.xlsx), MS Access (.mdb/.accdb), dBase (.dbf), OpenDocument Spreadsheet (.ods) **For textual data:**

  

  * Rich Text Format (.rtf) 

  

  * PDF/UA, PDF/A 

  

  * plain text, ASCII (.txt) 

  

  * widely-used formats: MS Word (.doc/.docx) **For images:**

  

  * TIFF 6.0 uncompressed 

  

  * TIFF other versions (.tif, .tiff) 

  

  * PEG (.jpeg, .jpg, .jp2), if the original is created in this format 

  

  * GIF (.gif) 

  

  * RAW image format (.raw) 

  

  * Photoshop files (.psd) 

  

  * BMP (.bmp) 

  

  * PNG (.png) 

  

  * Adobe Portable Document Format (PDF/A, PDF) (.pdf) 

  

As explained in section 2.1 of this document, the success of the IL TROVATORE
project relies on the efficient flow of information between tasks (represented
by the feedback loops/interconnectivity arrows in Fig. 2). It is essential,
therefore, that the contributors to a specific task agree as soon as possible
on the type, format and typical size of data, the way to describe them
(metadata) and share them, as well as on any other aspect related to data
production and management (e.g., used standards, advanced test methods
developed as part of pre-normative research, etc.)

##  Reuse and origin of existing data

The development of the ATF cladding material concepts considered in IL
TROVATORE does not start from zero (i.e., TRL 1 – basic principles observed).
All considered material concepts have already reached a satisfactory level of
technological maturity (TRL4 – technology validated in the lab) or have, at
least, demonstrated an adequate manufacturing feasibility (TRL 3 –
experimental proof-ofconcept). For truly innovative materials, such as the MAX
phase-coated clads, the processes required for their manufacturing (e.g.,
magnetron sputtering, cathodic arc deposition, cold spraying, etc.) have
already demonstrated a technological maturity and industrial scalability that
bodes well for reaching the targeted TRL 5 for these materials in the lifetime
of the project. Hence, a large pool of data is already available with respect
to the manufacturing and properties/performance of the envisaged materials &
constituents thereof within the IL TROVATORE Consortium. Some of these data
are proprietary (background IP) and protected by the technology drivers (WH,
MuroranIT, CEA/EDF, etc.); such data primarily pertain to material
manufacturing and cannot affect the progress of the project if they do not
become openly available to all members of the Consortium. In fact, such
eventuality is undesirable, as it would jeopardize the commercial exploitation
of the considered innovation, undermining one of the main objectives of the
project, which is to help the involved industries to reach the market as fast
as possible, thus enhancing the nuclear energy safety worldwide. Data
pertaining to the performance of the state-of-the-art materials in the project
(e.g., data from cladding/coolant interaction tests, ion/proton/neutron
irradiation data on specific material concepts or their constituents, etc.)
will be openly shared between the data originators and the researchers
involved in the study of a particular aspect in material performance. These
data will be reused in order to achieve the S&T objectives of the project;
their possible sharing in an open context will be addressed on a case-by-case
basis. It is the aspiration of the project coordinator, Dr. K. Lambrinou, to
facilitate the publication of key articles based on the invaluable pool of
data that are available within the Consortium, reflecting the state-of-the-art
progress in ATF cladding material development for Gen-II/III LWRs. The
data/innovation produced in the framework of the project (i.e., foreground IP)
primarily belongs to the partners producing them. Again, open publication vs.
patenting/protecting of these data will be decided on a case-by-case basis. It
should be emphasised, however, that all Consortium members like the prospect
of maximising the reuse of data produced with European tax payers’ money by
making them FAIR (i.e., findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable), as
long as this does not jeopardise the industrial exploitability of produced
innovation. This _modus operandi_ is in agreement with the principle “as open
as possible, as closed as necessary”.

The provenance of the data that will be produced/used/reused in the framework
of IL TROVATORE – apart from relevant data that may be found in open
literature – is mainly expected to be identified amongst the members of the
international IL TROVATORE Consortium (30 partners: 28 from Europe, 1 for the
USA, and 1 from Japan). Moreover, relevant data are expected to be provided by
experts involved in the 3 expert advisory committees of the project, i.e., the
Scientific Advisory Committee (SAC), the End Users Group (EUG), and the
Standardization Advisory Committee (STC).

##  Data utility

The data produced in the framework of the IL TROVATORE project will be
primarily used by the Consortium members, in order to achieve the project S&T
objectives. Therefore, the project data can be used by the **Gen-II/III LWR
community** , both for scientific publications, test method/standard
development, etc., but also for the core industrial purpose of expedited
commercialisation; with respect to the latter, the results of the BR2
irradiation in PWR-like water and especially the collection of ‘high dpa’ data
(i.e., 6-7 dpa after 2 full years following the standard BR2 operational
schedule of 6 cycles/year; potentially extendable to 8-9 dpa for 8
cycles/year) is of high value for the technology drivers, so as to validate
their materials in an industrially relevant environment or identify points of
improvement for their preferred material concept(s).

The strong cross-cutting character of the IL TROVATORE R&D activities bodes
well for the use of the project data by various future-generation nuclear
systems, such as **Gen-IV systems** (e.g., LFRs, GFRs) and **fusion** .
Moreover, the investigated material solutions and the manufacturing processes
needed for application-driven performance optimisation are expected to produce
data that could potentially be used in **concentrated solar power** (CSP),
**aerospace** and other industrial sectors requiring the use of materials in
harsh/extreme environments.

Last but not least, the **educational & training activities ** (i.e.,
Workshops, Summer School) planned in the course of the project is expected to
contribute to the formation of skilled scientific/technical personnel that is
likely to be needed in implementing the new cutting-edge technologies in
diverse industrial sectors. The overall project activities are expected to
forge strong ties between academia and industries in the common quest towards
safer nuclear energy, while the produced know-how is expected to increase the
competitiveness of European industries by providing skilled personnel.

#  FAIR Data

The H2020 Open Research Data (ORD) Pilot encourages the beneficiaries of H2020
projects, such as IL TROVATORE, to make their research data **findable** ,
**accessible** , **interoperable** and **reusable** ( **FAIR** ) [9]. Working
towards an enhanced reuse of scholarly data is desired by various
stakeholders, such as academia, funding agencies, industries and scholarly
publishers, and a concise set of guidelines known as the FAIR Guiding
Principles may be used as guideline towards an enhanced data reusability.

The FAIR Guiding Principles may be summarised, according to Wilkinson et al.
[10], as follows:

**To be Findable:**

F1. (meta)data are assigned a globally unique and persistent identifier

F2. data are described with rich metadata (defined by R1 below)

F3. metadata clearly and explicitly include the identifier of the data it
describes F4. (meta)data are registered or indexed in a searchable resource
**To be Accessible:**

A1. (meta)data are retrievable by their identifier using a standardised
communications protocol

A1.1. the protocol is open, free, and universally implementable

A1.2. the protocol allows for an authentication and authorization procedure,
where necessary A2. metadata are accessible, even when the data are no longer
available **To be Interoperable:**

I1. (meta)data use a formal, accessible, shared, and broadly applicable
language for knowledge representation

I2. (meta)data use vocabularies that follow FAIR principles I3. (meta)data
include qualified references to other (meta)data **To be Reusable:**

R1. (meta)data are richly described with a plurality of accurate and relevant
attributes

R1.1. (meta)data are released with a clear and accessible data usage license

R1.2. (meta)data are associated with detailed provenance

R1.3. (meta)data meet domain-relevant community standards

The FAIR Guiding Principles presented herein are the elaborated version of the
principles defined at the meeting held by the FORCE11 community [11] in
Leiden, The Netherlands, in 2014. FORCE11, i.e., The Future of Research
Communications and e-Scholarship, is a community – initiated in 2011 – of
scholars, librarians, archivists, publishers and research funders that has
arisen originally to help facilitate the change towards improved knowledge
creation and sharing [10].

This section describes the basic approach that will be adopted in the IL
TROVATORE project in order to make the produced data FAIR, i.e., findable,
accessible, interoperable and reusable. This approach is tentative and generic
and does not suggest specific technologies, standards, or implementation
solutions. The suggested approach in this 1  st  version of the DMP will be
updated, based on the return of experience, for the first time at the end of
the 1  st  Reporting Period, i.e., in month 18.

##  Making data findable, including provisions for metadata

The success of IL TROVATORE depends on the smooth exchange and retrieval of
information/data. Updated information and peer-reviewed (high quality) data
are uploaded to the password-protected (SharePoint) area of the website, thus
becoming available to the persons involved in the project in a secure manner.
As explained in Deliverable D13.1 – Project website and logo [12], only WP and
Task leaders have read & write access rights to the SharePoint, so as to
ensure that only high-quality, peer-reviewed data are uploaded to the ‘members
only’ website section. As mentioned in section 2.2 of this document, an
__Archive Plan_ _ was created to manage, classify and archive information/data
produced in electronic format during the IL TROVATORE project. The __Archive
Plan_ _ may be seen in Annex 1, and is also submitted together with this
document as supplementary material (Excel file: IL TROVATORE Archive
Plan_31032018.xlsx). The __Archive Plan_ _ provides an inventory of type and
subtype of information (document/data) produced/used in the project; for each
information type/subtype, the following is specified:

  * parent domain (domain in which the information was produced) 

  

  * dissemination level (public, restricted, confidential) 

  

  * storing place 

  

  * archiving/retention period 

  

  * action after the retention period 

  

###  Parent domain

In IL TROVATORE, all datasets will originate from one of the 4 project domains
(DMs):

Domain 1 (DM1) – Processing optimization and joining of ATF cladding materials

WP1 – Processing of engineered bulk materials

WP2 – Coating deposition & surface modification of clads & joints WP3 –
Joining of ATF clads & testing of joint/welds

Domain 2 (DM2) – Evaluation and pre-screening of ATF clads & joints

WP4 – Advanced characterization & testing of ATF clads & joints

WP5 – Coolant/cladding/fuel interaction tests

WP6 – Ion/proton irradiation & PIE of ATF clads & joints

Domain 3 (DM3) – In-service validation of ATF clads & joints

WP7 – Neutron irradiation of ATF clads & joints WP8 – PIE of neutron-
irradiated ATF clads & joints

WP9 – Predictive modelling activities

Domain 4 (DM4) – Access to end users

WP10 – Standardisation

WP11 – Exploitation of results

WP12 – Dissemination & Communication

###  Dissemination level

Participation to the ORD Pilot should not jeopardize the commercialisation
potential of the project results and must avoid to offend the interests of the
industrial partners that are prepared to invest in bringing the achieved
innovation to market. Therefore, the **datasets** that are granted permission
to become openly accessible will be selected based on the principle “as open
as possible, as closed as necessary”, taking into account the project policy
for protection of foreground IPR, as defined in the CA [5]. Datasets that
cannot be disclosed in view of activities leading to patenting or commercial
exploitation are assigned a **Restricted (R)** dissemination level (DL); this
means that these data are open only to select partners (i.e., the IP owners
who want to proceed with the commercial valorisation of the particular IP).
Datasets produced in the framework of the project, which cannot become openly
accessible but are available to the whole Consortium, are assigned a
**Confidential (CO)** dissemination level. These datasets are likely being
analysed, processed and/or interpreted prior to becoming published. Datasets
that are published, either as appendix or supplement of scientific
publications or are placed on an openly accessible data repository (e.g.,
Zenodo) in support of publications produced within the project, are assigned a
**Public (PU)** dissemination level.

**Documents** associated with _contractual obligations_ (e.g., Deliverables,
Milestones, etc.) are assigned either a PU dissemination level (most
Deliverables) or a CO dissemination level (select Deliverables and all
Milestone reports). All _publications_ (Journal articles, Conference
Proceeding articles, etc.) are assigned a PU dissemination level. All _other
documents_ (material associated with education/training, standards and pre-
normative test methods/procedures, etc.) are assigned a dissemination level on
a case-by-case basis.

###  Naming convention & metadata

The __Archive Plan_ _ introduces a tentative nomenclature so as to be able to
access efficiently datasets (documents/data/other) produced in the project.
This nomenclature will be tested in the next phase of the project and, if
needed, will be updated at the end of the 1  st  reporting period (m18), based
on the return of experience. The proposed nomenclature takes into account the
following aspects:

  * Type of dataset (document/data/other): 

    * Deliverable o Milestone report o Report (EEBR, IAR, PAR, etc.) 

  

    * Patent o Standard o Journal/Conference Proceedings article o Educational/training material for Workshops, Summer School, etc. o Leaflets/Brochures o Video 

  

  

  * Status of the dataset: 

    * **D** raft (as-produced by author(s)) 

  

    * **R** eviewed by peers (usually within the institute(s) producing the dataset) o **A** pproved (by authors, reviewers, project coordinator) o **F** inal (published/submitted to the EC) • Parent domain: **DM** 1-4 (see also section 3.1.1) 

  

  

  * Dissemination level (see also section 3.1.2): 

    * **PU** – Public (openly published, openly accessible) o **CO** – Confidential (accessible only by the Consortium members) o **R** – Restricted (accessible only by select Consortium members) 

  

  

  * Version: standard numbering (v1, v2, v3,…) 

  

Most dataset types (documents, reports, Deliverables, etc.) are assigned a
naming convention that provides information on all above aspects. Particular
datasets will be assigned a DOI (digital object identifier) or a URL (uniform
resource locator). A DOI is a unique alphanumeric string assigned by a
registration agency (i.e., the International DOI Foundation) to identify
content and provide a persistent link to its location on the internet. For
example, the publisher assigns a DOI when a Journal article is published and
made available electronically [13]. A URL provides a way to locate a resource
on the web and contains the name of the protocol to be used to access the
resource, as well as the resource name. The 1  st  URL part identifies what
protocol to use, while the 2  nd  part identifies the IP address or domain
name where the resource is located. For example, URL protocols include HTTP
(hypertext transfer protocol) and HTTPS (HTTP secure) for web resources [14].

The tentative naming convention for each type of dataset may be found in the
__Archive Plan_ _ (Excel file: IL TROVATORE Archive Plan_31032018.xlsx). Two
examples are provided herein for Deliverables and Milestone reports; the
version number (v#) drops out when the document reaches its final status and
is ready to be submitted to the EC (i.e., uploaded to the ECAS portal):

_Deliverable_ : ILTROVATORE_DM#_D##.#-Title_DL_v#

_Milestone report_ : ILTROVATORE_DM#_WP##_MS##-Title_CO_v#

In the above: (a) the WP number (WP##) is not needed for Deliverables, as this
is implied in the name of the Deliverable (i.e., D12.2 – Data Management Plan
is the 2  nd  Deliverable in WP12); this is not the case for Milestone reports
(MS1-MS15 relate to all WPs, and the MS number does not correspond to the WP
with the same number; MS12 is a special case, because it refers to WP1-WP6,
thus requiring a special naming convention, i.e.,
ILTROVATORE_DM1-2_W1-6_MS12-Title_CO_v#); and (b) DL is the dissemination
level (PU or CO for Deliverables, CO for Milestone reports).

It is too early in the project lifetime to ascribe **metadata** to each type
of dataset mentioned in the __Archive Plan_ _ . It is advisable to attempt
doing so towards the end of the 1  st  reporting period, when the first
‘critical mass’ of data has been produced and a trend has been established
with respect to data type, size, format, etc. At that time, it is also
advisable to define the first set of **keywords** to ensure that the data
produced in the project will be optimally reused. Finding the right keywords
is indeed essential in retrieving the right type of information/data (step 2 –
discover existing data, in Fig. 1) needed for a particular project activity.
This became apparent during the preparation of the report accompanying
Milestone 4 – Mining of existing irradiation data, which also describes the
data mining methodology (Section 1.3 – Strategy of literature survey, in that
report) used to achieve that particular Milestone [8]. It is, therefore, very
important to define dataset-specific keywords early in the project, so as to
ensure maximum data reuse as well as optimal citation of the data provenance.

###  Storage & retention period

Datasets (e.g., documents, data, graphs, codes, simulations, etc.) produced in
the framework of the project will be stored in the SharePoint platform of the
website (  _http://www.iltrovatore-h2020.eu/_ )  , for a period of 10 years.
As already explained in Deliverable 13.1 – Project Website and Logo [12], the
SharePoint platform is a secure environment accessible via password by the
persons contributing to the project. This platform is used to share
information/data generated in the project between the Consortium members as
well as with experts involved in the 3 expert advisory committees (STC, EUG,
STC) of the project (all these experts have signed non-disclosure agreements
(NDAs) with SCK•CEN); the latter surely applies to the members of the EEAB
(External Expert Advisory Board) that will be called to peer-review the
project achievements at the mid-term and end of the project (see Deliverable
D13.2 – Mid-term review report of the EEAB & Deliverable D13.3 – Final review
report of the EEAB in Annex 1 of the IL TROVATORE Grant Agreement [15]). The
structure on the SharePoint follows the project DMP __Archive Plan_ _ , in
order to make data storage consistent and user-friendly. The first level of
the SharePoint platform is structured as follows:

  * Calendar (meetings & events) 

  

  * Deliverables, Milestones and Reports 

  

  * Project documents 

  

  * Meetings 

  

  * Work packages – Documents & Data 

  

  * Practical information (guidelines, templates) 

  

  * Education & Training 

  

  * External Communication 

  

Openly-accessible datasets, codes, publications (after the embargo period for
‘green’ open access articles), etc., will be stored in the Zenodo repository
_**.** _ The __Archive plan_ _ also distinguishes between documents that can
be eliminated (deleted) after the retention period and those that can be
stored for a longer time due to their merit (scientific or other).

##  Making data openly accessible

IL TROVATORE supports fully the EC initiative towards open access & open data
movement in Europe. This is not only reflected in the IL TROVATORE
participation to the H2020 ORD Pilot (‘open access to research data’), but
also in the commitment to ensure **open access** to all peer-reviewed
scientific publications stemming from the results of the project (‘open access
to peer-reviewed scientific research articles’). According to the Participant
Portal H2020 Online Manual, “open access can be defined as the practice of
providing online access to scientific information that is free of charge to
the reader” [3]. Both **self-archiving ('green' open access)** and **open
access publishing ('gold' open access)** options will be explored in IL
TROVATORE, according to the following basic guidelines:

  * In **self-archiving ('green' open access)** , also called ‘parallel publishing’, an embargo period may apply. The maximum permitted embargo period is **6 months** from the initial publication date. 

  

  * In **open access publishing ('gold' open access)** , the publications become immediately openly available online. 

  

‘Gold’ open access is typically covered by the authors by paying an article
processing charge (APC) to the Journal. The Journal may either be “gold”
(i.e., all papers have a ‘gold’ open access status) or “hybrid” (i.e.,
subscription Journals with the option to pay for individual papers). In IL
TROVATORE, all partners have reserved a part of their budget to ensure open
access to peer-reviewed scientific publications containing project results.
Even though open access fees are eligible costs in H2020 projects, such as IL
TROVATORE, each partner has a limited budget, which cannot cover ‘gold’ open
access fees for all Journal articles. A reasonable approach to this issue
could be the following:

  * Articles that are expected to have high impact on the scientific community should be published in ‘gold’ open access. Indicative APCs are as follows: _Nature Communications_ – 3700 EUR; _Advanced Materials_ – 4375 EUR; American Chemical Society (ACS) Journals (e.g., _ACS Nano_ , _Journal American Chemical Society_ , etc.) – 1500-2000 USD for ACS members; etc. 

  

  * Regular articles (i.e., with average impact on the scientific community) could be primarily published in ‘green’ open access with select articles in ‘gold’ open access. 

  

When preparing to submit an article to a peer-reviewed Journal in one of the
open access options, one should take the following facts into account:

1\. Some institutions/countries have agreements with publishers, so that the
‘gold’ open access fees are paid by the institution or the country’s library
organization and not by the authors. This is an option that merits
consideration whenever possible. Relevant information is provided below:

  * **_Wiley_ : ** _https://authorservices.wiley.com/author-resources/Journal-Authors/licensing-openaccess/open-access/institutional-funder-payments.html_

  

  * **_Institute of Physics (IOP)_ : ** IOP has agreements with select Universities and/or countries (e.g., Sweden, Norway, Austria, UK) for free ‘gold’ open access to its _subscription Journals_ :  _https://publishingsupport.iopscience.iop.org/questions/paying-for-open-access/_

  

  * **_Royal Society of Chemistry_ : ** Authors from institutions with full Journal subscriptions may claim vouchers (NB: limited number, on a first-come, first-served basis) for free ‘gold’ open access to their _subscription Journals_ . It is recommended to contact your library on this item. 

  

  * **_Springer_ : ** Springer has agreements with some Universities and/or countries (e.g., Sweden) for free ‘gold’ open access to their _subscription Journals_ . 

  

  2. Publishing in ‘gold’ open access Journals with low-to-moderate APCs: fully open access publishers (PLOS, MDPI) and fully open access Journals from “traditional” publishers should be considered. Examples are MDPI (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute) Journals like _Materials_ , _Coatings_ , etc. (850-1500 CHF), _RSC Advances_ (500 GBP during 2018, 750 GBP afterwards), _Materials Research Letters_ (500 USD), and mega-Journals, such as _ACS Omega_ (750 USD), _AIP Advances_ (1350 USD), _Scientific Reports_ (1370 EUR), etc. 

  

  3. Publishing in ‘green’ open access: authors could post/upload the accepted manuscript version (i.e., final version after review, but before any typesetting/production) to a repository such as Zenodo. Making a scientific publication openly accessible may entail an embargo period. The maximum permitted embargo period is 6 months from the initial date of publication. Some publishers require longer embargo periods (e.g., 12 or 24 months) for ‘green’ open access; however, publishing under those terms is not permitted. Useful information on Journal-specific embargo periods is given below: 

  

  

  * **_Nature_ ** (subscription) Journals allow parallel publishing with 6 months embargo. 

  

  * **_American Institute of Physics (AIP)_ ** Journals (e.g., _Applied Physics Letters_ , _Journal of Applied Physics_ ) allow parallel publishing without embargo. 

  

  * **_American Physical Society (APS)_ ** (e.g., _Physical Review_ Journals) allows parallel publishing of the published Journal version (not only the accepted manuscript) without embargo. 

  

  * **_Elsevier_ ** allows posting a preprint of the manuscript on the preprint server ArXiv, and updating the preprint with the accepted manuscript without embargo. This is sufficient to meet the open access requirements, even though it only applies to ArXiv. For other repositories, longer embargo periods apply (often up to 24 months). 

  

All peer-reviewed Journal articles containing data/findings produced in the
project lifetime will be deposited on the **Zenodo repository** (
_https://zenodo.org/_ )  . As already mentioned, Zenodo has been developed in
the framework of the OpenAIRE project  ( _https://www.openaire.eu/_ )  , which
was commissioned by the EC to support the nascent Open Data policy by
providing a catch-all repository for EC-funded research. CERN, an OpenAIRE
partner and pioneer in open source, open access and open data, made a major
contribution to the launching of Zenodo in May 2013 [16]. The name Zenodo is
derived from Zenodotus, the first librarian of the Ancient Library of
Alexandria and father of the first recorded use of metadata, a landmark in
library history [16].

Apart from the peer-reviewed Journal articles, **openly-accessible datasets,
codes, etc.** , will also be preserved in the Zenodo repository. These
datasets are firstly the datasets used to produce the peerreviewed Journal
articles deposited in Zenodo, especially in case the used datasets have not
been published as appendices or supplementary material(s) in the original
articles. Other datasets, not necessarily associated with scientific articles,
will also become openly accessible in Zenodo during the project lifetime.
Deciding the datasets that will become openly accessible and the timeframe
this will happen is to occur on a case-by-case basis. These datasets should
not jeopardise either the future industrial exploitation of the project
findings (patenting, licensing, etc.) or their prospect of getting published
in peer-reviewed Journals. As already mentioned, IL TROVATORE is prepared to
support the EC initiative towards open access and open data movement in
Europe, while simultaneously respecting the principle “as open as possible, as
closed as necessary”.

##  Making data interoperable

The success of the IL TROVATORE project relies on the continuous exchange of
information and data between partners (Fig. 2), which implies that the
produced datasets must be **interoperable** . Datasets belonging to members of
the Consortium (i.e., ATF technology drivers; experts in different project
aspects, e.g., specific manufacturing processes and materials or constituents
thereof; etc.) at the project outset (background IP) are reused, mostly as
input of follow-up R&D activities. Datasets will be systematically exchanged
between researchers and institutions/organisations in the international
project setting (Europe, USA, Japan) in order to achieve its S&T objectives.
The SharePoint of the project website is selected as platform for data
exchange between partners since the early stages in the project lifetime;
datasets that are ready to become openly accessible will be uploaded to the
Zenodo repository (see section 3.2). **Metadata** will be ascribed to the
produced datasets later in the project lifetime, once the project data
landscape has become more familiar. Moreover, existing and under development
**standards** related to the project activities have already been identified
and are listed in Deliverable 10.1 – Standardisation roadmap, together with
standardised **vocabularies** for specific types of materials [17]. The
diversity of datasets (i.e., types, formats, provenance) might be accompanied
by an unavoidable level of incompatibility that could hinder full data
interoperability at the initial stages of the project; however, with careful
alignment between the data originators (e.g., opting for similar/compatible
data formats, open/widely used software applications, etc.) and elaboration of
a good strategy (vocabularies, standards, methodologies), it is expected to
make data fully interoperable within a short timeframe. Some tentative
recommendations towards data interoperability are given in Table 1.

**Table 1.** Tentative recommendations to make data interoperable in IL
TROVATORE.  
  
<table>  
<tr>  
<th>

**No.**

</th>  
<th>

**Recommendation to make data interoperable**

</th> </tr>  
<tr>  
<td>

1

</td>  
<td>

When specific datasets will be the input of subsequent
tests/analysis/processing performed by others, expectations in terms of data
type & format, etc., should be clearly defined.

</td> </tr>  
<tr>  
<td>

2

</td>  
<td>

The __Archive Plan_ _ concerning the nomenclature, dissemination level,
storing and archiving of each dataset type and sub-type should be followed or
collectively updated/improved.

</td> </tr>  
<tr>  
<td>

3

</td>  
<td>

Documents that constitute contractual obligations (Deliverables, Milestone
reports, etc.) must be reviewed (in the original file format) and their final
version (in PDF format) must be uploaded by the project coordinator to the
SharePoint platform and the ECAS portal.

</td> </tr>  
<tr>  
<td>

4

</td>  
<td>

Use same data and metadata vocabularies to the extent possible; if possible,
use standard vocabularies for all data types in a dataset so as to allow
interdisciplinary interoperability; if needed, generate jointly new
vocabularies and use them during the project

</td> </tr>  
<tr>  
<td>

5

</td>  
<td>

Maximise data reuse within the project premises by uploading to the SharePoint
platform peer-reviewed, high-quality datasets as soon as possible. Maximise
data reuse beyond the project community by making them openly accessible,
i.e., by storing them in the Zenodo repository. Whenever possible, assign a
DOI to the openly accessible datasets.

</td> </tr>  
<tr>  
<td>

6

</td>  
<td>

In scientific publications, strive for publishing the datasets used to produce
the publications as appendices or supplements; if this is not always possible,
upload the data together with the scientific publication to the Zenodo
repository according to the guidelines given in section 3.2. Also describe the
used standards, lab methods, processes, codes and software.

</td> </tr>  
<tr>  
<td>

7

</td>  
<td>

The deposition of the openly accessible datasets in other repositories, such
as institutional repositories, is allowed and/or encouraged so as to maximise
data reuse.

</td> </tr> </table>

##  Increase data re-use (through clarifying licenses)

The data produced in the framework of the IL TROVATORE project could
potentially benefit/interest various industrial sectors beyond the Gen-II/III
LWR community (e.g., Gen-IV LFRs/GFRs, fusion, CSP, aerospace, etc.). Hence,
the widest reuse of the project data could indeed be very beneficial for the
society, in terms of fostering diverse entrepreneurial initiatives on European
ground and beyond. It is quite early in the project lifetime, however, to
decide the data licensing approach so as to achieve the widest possible reuse,
especially in view of the fact that the value and possible impact of the data
cannot be estimated before the data have actually been produced. It is also
premature to define the timeframe in which the data will be made available for
reuse beyond the project community. Within the project community, the data are
either first protected (e.g., patented) and then made available for use by the
partners that need them as input via the SharePoint platform or they become
directly available on the SharePoint platform (once peer-reviewed with respect
to their quality). As already mentioned in section 3.1.4, the intended
archiving period for the project data is 10 years or even longer for specific
datasets; the openly accessible data in the project data pool will be
available for reuse in the same period of time.

#  Allocation of Resources

As mentioned in section 3.2, all partners have reserved a part of their budget
to ensure open access to peer-reviewed scientific publications containing
project results/data by paying the APCs required by certain Journals. The
recommended approach for open access publications in IL TROVATORE has also
been described in section 3.2. Apart from the resources associated with open
access publishing, the resources (budget/personnel) that will be needed for
data management in a multi-investigator, and multidisciplinary project, such
as IL TROVATORE, might actually be not negligible. This is a point of current
consideration at SCK•CEN, which is entrusted with the maintenance of the
project website and the management of the SharePoint, i.e., the platform that
will be used throughout the project lifetime for data exchange between
partners. The decision of the SCK•CEN management on this item will be
described in the next DMP version.

It is important to emphasise that each partner is responsible for the data
quality (including the data interoperability) generated and provided to other
partners for further R&D activities during the project. Moreover, each partner
is also expected to contribute to the overarching effort to make the project
data FAIR by doing so for the datasets that originate from that particular
partner. Last but not least, the Dissemination Manager (Prof. P. Eklund, LiU)
will overlook all activities associated with knowledge management &
protection, such as the contribution to the ORD Pilot and the continuous
update of the DMP. For this purpose, the Dissemination Manager will constantly
be in consultation with the Executive Board (EB) and the project coordinator.
Moreover, the Dissemination Manager will support the Consortium members with
the registration of publications in the Zenodo repository.

#  Data Security

Data security relies on the infrastructural security of each Consortium member
and SCK•CEN, which is responsible for the construction and maintenance of the
project website (  _http://www.iltrovatoreh2020.eu/_ )  . As explained in
D13.1 – Project Website and Logo [12], the website is divided in 2 areas:

  * **Public website area (SiteCore):** the public (openly accessible) part of the website provides non-sensitive information (i.e., project scope & participants, generic description of WPs, events, useful links, list of publications, contact information). 

  

  * **Secure website area (SharePoint):** the SharePoint is the password-protected part of the website that is only accessible by members of the Consortium. All contributors have been provided with username & password and have _read access rights_ to the SharePoint. Only WP and Task leaders have _read & write access rights _ to the SharePoint. Passwords can only be made by the ICT Department of SCK•CEN. Therefore, password requests should be sent to the IL TROVATORE project office (e-mail address: _IlTrovatore@sckcen.be_ ). 

  

Publications and openly accessible datasets will be stored in the Zenodo
repository, following the procedure described in section 3.2.

#  Ethical Aspects

No ethical/legal issues with an impact on data sharing have so far been
identified. As confirmed in

D14.1 – GEN-NEC-Requirement No. 1 [18], both non-European partners (Drexel
University, DU, and Kyoto University, KU) will ensure that all ethical
standards and guidelines of H2020 will be rigorously applied in the course of
the IL TROVATORE project. The fact that both DU and KU are willing to respect
the H2020 ethical standards and guidelines implies that both partners are
willing (in fact, they are already doing so) to share data related with the
project R&D activities and to support the EC initiative for open access to
publications & open access to research data (ORD Pilot).