#  3 Introduction

##  3.1 Project Summary

ENLIVEN (‘Encouraging Lifelong Learning for an Inclusive and Vibrant Europe’ –
H2020 Young Society 2015) is a research project supported by the European
Commission’s Horizon 2020 research framework (Project No. 693989). The project
responds to Call YOUNG-3-2015 (‘Lifelong learning for young adults: better
policies for growth and inclusion in Europe’). Its duration is 36 months and
it commenced on 1st October 2016.

ENLIVEN’s overarching objective is to provide an innovative model and
mechanism to support policy debate, policy formation and policy evaluation in
lifelong learning, focussing on the needs of today’s young adults, and
integrating theoretical and empirical perspectives from social and computer
sciences. It will generate an evidence-based analysis of where, when and why
policies have been effective, and develop a computer-based intelligent system
to improve policy-making. The project draws on two research fields – social
science and computer science – and combines expertise from both. Partner
research institutions are located in nine countries (Australia, Austria,
Belgium, Bulgaria, Estonia, Italy, Slovakia, Spain, and United Kingdom); some
research tasks will also be undertaken under a specific arrangement with
researchers at a university in Denmark.

**Objectives**

The specific objectives of ENLIVEN are to:

  * Map and critically assess key elements of programmes implemented at EU, national and regional levels to support access to and participation in adult learning among excluded population groups and those at risk of social exclusion, assess how these have addressed disadvantage, inequality, and social exclusion, and helped overcome barriers to participation, and in what ways participation in education and training benefits the social and economic inclusion of population groups suffering from exclusion and cumulative disadvantage. 

  

  * Assess the impact of “system characteristics” (of initial and adult education, the labour market, the economy, and social protection) on aggregate participation rates (overall, and in various segments of adult education markets), and on the distribution of participation (with special reference to disadvantaged young adults and using gender-sensitive approaches). 

  

  * Assess the role of lifelong learning in developing a productive, efficient and competitive economy through investigating what learning potential and innovation ability exists within workplaces, what organisational models favour innovation and innovative training, and how effective learning actions are. 

  

  * Identify and map the nature and availability of data about adult and lifelong learning, and integrate these with new research findings from across the ENLIVEN project and, using data mining, establish a knowledge base for the development of an Intelligent Decision Support System to support policy making; 

  

  * Design and implement an Intelligent Decision-making Support System (IDSS), and test how this could adapt to new knowledge and learn from restoring and updating users’ experience interactively. 

  

##  3.2 Types of Data

The main types of data the ENLIVEN project will be handling are as follows:

  * _Existing national and international datasets_ . These are both quantitative (e.g. LFS, AES, PIAAC, ESS) and qualitative (e.g. reports from Eurydice, Cedefop). All these data are either anonymised (in the case of the quantitative data), or in the public domain.  1  None contain private or personal details regarding identifiable individuals. We will ensure we utilise existing datasets wherever possible, to ensure best practice in the project. 

    * Existing collections of aggregated data (e.g. Eurostat’s dissemination database, UNESCO’s database on education). 

  

    * Existing accessible quantitative scientific-use microdata sets e.g. LFS, AES, CVTS obtained from Eurostat 

  

    * Other quantitative scientific-use micro datasets not obtained from Eurostat (e.g. 

  

  

PIAAC data obtained from the OECD) o Reports from (mainly) European agencies,
containing aggregated statistical data and various forms of qualitative data
e.g. Eurydice, Cedefop

  * _Fieldwork data generated by ENLIVEN researchers_ . This will come from interviews with policy actors, programme managers, and young adults in educational, community and workplace situations. Fieldwork research will be conducted in a sample of EU member states selected to represent a diversity of socio-economic characteristics and institutional environments (AT, BE, BG, DK, EE, ES, IT, SK, UK), and in Australia. 

    * Qualitative Interviews with participants in educational programmes and with participants in organisational case studies (managers; workers in their first 10 years of employment) and their analysis 

  

    * Data collection within the participatory observation/action research phase of the case studies (in WP5) and their analysis. 

  

    * Expert Interviews; Interviews with representatives of educational providers/policy makers in the field of adult learning (WPs 1, 2, and 3) and with business interest organisations and trade unions/social movement organisations (WP7) and their analysis 

  

  

##  3.3 Organisation of the ENLIVEN project

The ENLIVEN project is organised in eleven work packages (WPs). Nine of these
involve research of various kinds; one is concerned with dissemination of the
research and engagement with policy and practitioner communities; one is
concerned with project management and the integration of the various elements
of the research. The research WPs can be considered in three clusters: each
involves distinct types of empirical research. The broad relationship between
these WPs is shown in Fig. 1.1.

WP8

**Knowledge**

**Discovery for Evidence**

**-**

**based Policy**

**-**

**making**

WP9

**Development of**

**IDSS for Evidence**

**-**

**based Policy**

**-**

**making**

**WP4 Determinants of**

**Participation in Adult**

**Learning: A Macro**

**-**

**systemic**

**Approach**

WP5

**Organisational Structure of**

**Early Careers: HRM & Innovation **

WP6

**Quality of Work & Young **

**adults motivation & well **

**-**

**being**

WP7

**Understanding Role of**

**Young Workers’ Activism**

WP10

**Engagement, Dissemination & Impact **

WP11

**Project Management & Integration **

WP1

**Mapping EU & National **

**Policies & Programmes **

WP2

**Constraints on & **

**Facilitators of Participation**

WP3

**Role of EU governance in**

**Adult Learning Policy**

**Figure 1.1**

**ENLIVEN:**

**:**

**Organisational Structure**

#  4 Data Management

##  4.1 Principles

Data Management Plans (DMPs) are a key element of good data management. The
DMP for Enliven has been written with reference to the Guidelines on Data
Management in Horizon 2020 which specifically ask for provisions to be made
'FAIR', that is findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable. ENLIVEN will
strictly adhere to the ‘Data Protection Directive’ (Directive 95/46/EC) 16 on
the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data
and on the free movement of such data, the Charter of Fundamental Rights of
The European Union and the European Charter for Researchers, including the
Code of Conduct for the Recruitment of Researchers. The European Commission
has now issued a new directive on the Protection of Personal Data. The
Regulation entered into force on 24 May 2016, and it will apply from 25 May
2018. The ENLIVEN researchers will comply with its requirements.

The DMP covers:

  * What data the project will produce 

  

  * How the data will be used, managed and stored 

  

  * How the data will be made accessible for future research 

  

Additional information on data preservation and data sharing protocols are
covered in full in our _Deliverable 11.2 Ethical Procedures (Part A)_ .

The Project Team will seek guidance from the University of Nottingham’s
relevant Professional Services where any uncertainties occur, including
Libraries, Research and Learning Resources (LRLR) and Information Services
(IS).

##  4.2 Organisation

The Coordinator, Professor John Holford, and the ENLIVEN Management Board,
supported by the Project Co-ordination Team at the University of Nottingham (a
Senior Research Fellow, Sharon Clancy, and a Project Administrator, Ruth
Elmer), are responsible for ensuring that data are handled by all Consortium
Members according to the DMP.

The DMP will be updated as required through the life of the project.
Responsibility for this lies with the Project Co-ordinator, supported at
Nottingham by the Project Administrator and the Senior Research Fellow.

DMP updating will take place whenever significant changes arise. These might
include new data emerging, changes in consortium policies, changes in
consortium composition and external factors (e.g. new consortium members
joining or old members leaving). In any case, the DMP will be reviewed on a
six monthly basis at every second Management Board meeting. It will be a
standing agenda item for the meetings, to allow for discussion and updating on
an ongoing basis.

##  4.3 Types of Data

Beyond research literature and reports published by various authorities and
institutions, the types of data which ENLIVEN will manage include:

  * Aggregated secondary statistical data (tables) obtained from national statistical providers, Eurostat or other European or transnational data providers (CEDEFOP; Eurofound; OECD, UNESCO) 

  

  * Secondary data in the form of anonymised scientific use micro data sets, obtained mainly from Eurostat, and partly from other European or transnational organisations (e.g. ESS data from the ESS ERIC; the EJS data from CEDEFOP  2  , PIAAC data from the OECD;)  3  . and 

  

  * primary data (gathered by project researchers), including data based on qualitative non- or semi-standardised interviews, small-scale written surveys and data gathered via participator observation during the field work (action research phase) in WP 5. 

  

###  4.3.a Aggregated secondary statistical data

Aggregated statistical data will be obtained from the various data
repositories (e.g. Eurostat dissemination data base); data will be arranged,
analysed, stored and reported in an appropriate form.

**4.3.b Secondary data in form of anonymised micro data sets:**

Micro data sets will be obtained according to the applicable procedures. Rules
set by the data providers (in particular, by Eurostat) for data storage, use,
dissemination and the publication of results based on the analysis will be
strictly followed.

####  4.3.c Primary data collection

Within the ENLIVEN project, primary data collection will predominantly involve
the collection of qualitative data. Interviews will take place with the
following categories of people (the categories are not mutually exclusive):
policy makers; representatives of business interest organisations;
representatives and members of trade unions and social movement organisations;
participants in educational programmes; participants in organisational case
studies (managers, line managers; HRD/HRM specialists; legal employee
representatives; employees in their first 10 years of occupational careers).
Particular emphasis will be given to interviews with employees in their early
careers, as 3-5 young adults working for the organisations will be interviewed
twice, with the goal of learning about their previous learning biographies and
their current perception of learning opportunities available in the workplace.
Records will take the form of interview recordings and transcripts.

Participatory observation and action research case studies are undertaken as
part of WPs 5-7. WP 5 has an action research phase, in which small projects
(learning projects, workshops, training) will be arranged with the members of
the case study organisations. These will be tailored to the particular
conditions of the organisation concerned, will run for up to 6 months and
allow for on-site participatory observations for at least 4 working days.
Records will be taken in the form of research notes made by the researchers
involved in the field phase.

##  4.4 Data Use and Protection

In order to adhere to the principles of the Data Protection Directive and
national legislation, and to the project’s own ethical principles, the ENLIVEN
consortium will apply the standards and procedures set out below. These are
designed to minimise the risk of misuse of data by third parties, and to
safeguard anonymity of research participants (in respect both of secondary use
of existing datasets and data collected by the ENLIVEN project).

**4.4.a Secondary analysis of EUROSTAT and related scientific-use micro data
files** International quantitative micro datasets used (e.g. LFS, AES, PIAAC,
ESS) are anonymised. None contain private or personal details regarding
identifiable individuals. In the case of data made available by the European
Statistical System, Eurostat imposes a strict framework to avoid misuse of
(already anonymised) datasets. The key emphasis is on avoiding leakage of data
to third parties who may break the anonymization by merging datasets with
other datasets (for example, register data from the Social Security system).

In WPs 2-4, mainly  4  scientific-use micro datasets provided by Eurostat will
be used (LFS, AES, CVTS). When preparing the scientific-use files, Eurostat
minimises the risk of disclosure of research participants’ identities by
removing information and by merging information into broader categories. It
also requires research organisations applying to use these micro data to
comply with detailed standards, which is, in this instance, the University of
Leuven. Data will only be shared with ENLIVEN partners who were listed in the
University of Leuven’s data request. All partners will fully comply with the
requirements  5  set for the use of Eurostat’s micro data files, in particular
with regard to safe storage of micro data and safeguarding of respondents’
identities in outputs based on the micro data used.

With regard to safe storage of micro data, ENLIVEN partners will:

  * Ensure that they identify a senior researcher who will be responsible for storing the medium containing the confidential data in his/her office and will only allow access to them to the authorised researchers identified above. 

  

  * Ensure that research premises where the micro data are used and stored are secure. 

  

  * Ensure that only authorised researchers who have signed a declaration of confidentiality have access to the micro data and that data are not copied in any way 

  

  * Store Eurostat Data-CD-ROMs and any information provided by Eurostat for data decryption in separate locked cabinets, making it unlikely that any third party can get both sets of information required for using the data sets. 

  

  * Take precautions to prevent any copies of the micro data being made, and to prevent the data being transmitted via the internet or within an organisation’s network (e.g. by using a standalone computer connected neither with the internet nor with the organisation’s local network). No printer will be attached to computers used for micro-data analysis. 

  

  * Document all use of the microdata set (who has used the dataset, on which dates, and for what purposes). 

  

  * Share data only as required amongst the members of the national research team undertaking a specific piece of research; that team will be responsible for keeping the data safe and for removing identifying information. Any such data will be shared only on this anonymised basis with the wider (international) ENLIVEN project research team. 

  

  * Ensure that all data, and other confidential items, are kept securely (i.e. accessible only to relevant members of the team), and that when such data and items are shared between partners, this is done in a secure way. 

  

  * Retain all data, and all other confidential items, on a secure password-protected site at the University of Nottingham (the “R: Drive”). Only members of the team will have access to this file store; it is managed by the Project Administrator (Ruth Elmer). 

  

  * Destroy datasets (and any output based on the datasets) in accordance with contractual requirements (e.g. for safeguarding non-disclosure of individuals, households, enterprises). 

  

###  4.4.b Interview Transcription and Data Protection

The procedures applied for the processing of qualitative data in line with the
requirements of data protection and ethical principles have been developed in
detail in deliverable 11.2 and are summarised in Tables at 4.1 and 4.2 in the
annex. They include:

  * Safeguarding anonymity of research participants; 

  

  * Safeguarding confidential information; 

  

  * Restricting recording of sensitive information to the minimum required for answering the research questions and excluding any information from recordings which is either not relevant or potentially harmful; 

  

  * Ensuring fully informed consent from research participants. 

  

Due to the difficulty in guaranteeing that recorded interviews will not
contain personally identifiable data, such recordings will be subject to the
Data Protection Act (or equivalent legislation in other countries). To ensure
the security of the recording and its content, a research-institute-owned
encrypted digital recorder or personally owned devices complying with the
University of Nottingham’s policy and procedures relating to the use of mobile
devices and remote working as set out in the Information Security Policy  6
will be used.

Transcription will be carried out where possible within the premises of the
research partners. In case of the use of external specialised service
providers, the following rules will be applied. Recordings will be securely
transferred to transcribers, for instance by secure upload to an approved
transcriber’s website. Encryption keys will be sent to the recipient by some
other means, e.g. telephone, email, and will not be sent with the encrypted
recording. Similar care will be taken with security of transfers of completed
transcriptions from transcribers and to the safe return and/or secure deletion
of recordings. Transcription agencies used will have a track record of
academic transcription work and will be expected to sign undertakings
confirming that the information is kept strictly confidential.

Informed consent forms will be distributed to all participants. They will be
collected and stored in a locked facility, separate from the research
material. Interviews will be analysed only in line with predefined research
questions, as stated in the proposal and agreed on with the research
participants in the informed consent process. The use of data for
transcription purposes and the access to anonymised data sets for future
projects will also be outlined in the informed consent forms.

Confidential or sensitive data will be kept in our password-protected data
confidential ENLIVEN filestore, on the Research drive (“R: Drive”) of the
University of Nottingham’s computer system. Only members of the team have
access to this filestore. The University of Nottingham's Research Filestore is
centrally managed and provided by University of Nottingham Information
Services, and is subject to IS Business Continuity Planning, IS Information
Security Policy and IS Change and Release standards. The service includes
failover support across two separate data centres. Full backups to tape are
performed once a week, while incremental backups are performed nightly. Tapes
are retained for 112 days, after which they are re-used or securely disposed
of. Access to the service requires authorised University of Nottingham
credentials, and is restricted by the institutional firewall.

Data storage will comply with the UK Data Protection Act, equivalent national
legislation, and applicable University of Nottingham and partner institutional
policies. The Nottingham policy requires that data be retained intact for a
period of at least seven years from the date of any publication which is based
upon them. Data will be stored in their original form – i.e. tapes/discs etc.
will not be deleted and reused, but kept securely.

##  4.5 Documentation

###  4.5.a Documentation Reports

Publications (e.g. books, articles in peer reviewed and professional journals,
and presentations at scientific conferences), along with engagement with
policy-makers and other public communities play a vital role in raising
awareness about ENLIVEN results. To this end:

  * All publications will be made available by open access. 

  

  * The project’s web site, maintained by the University of Edinburgh, will have hierarchical levels for public engagement, interested stakeholders and detailed scientific information to increase and further participation and collaboration. 

  

  * Unless required otherwise by confidentiality undertakings given to research participants, data sets (anonymised as indicated below) used for analysis will be deposited on institutional data repositories and/or through the UK Data Archive at the University of Essex and/or through national data archives. (The Co-ordinator will approach the UK Data Archive with a view to making all datasets generated by the project available through that source at the end of the project.) 

  

###  4.5.b Project Management Documents

**All internal board, committee, work package and meeting/workshop reports
will not be included in the ENLIVEN Dropbox folder, but will be stored on the
University of Nottingham’s system.** Confidential items will be maintained in
a password-protected confidential ENLIVEN filestore on the University of
Nottingham’s computer system. This will be accessible to members of all
project teams, but will otherwise be confidential until and unless it is
agreed that they should be made public.

**On the basis of this management documentation, annual reports on the
project’s activities and progress will be prepared (using the quarterly
Coordinators Reports used for Management Board Meetings). These reports will
be approved by the Management Board. One report will be prepared which will be
for public use (e.g. on website and for Advisory Board). However, if there is
any sensitive or IPR-restricted information there will be a ‘private’ version
too that this can be included in.**

####  4.5.c Website

The web site is hierarchical in design with initial entry levels designed to
promote the subject and the project in general, and H2020, in order to
stimulate public engagement and to engage with interested stakeholders. In
line with our data utility objectives, intermediate public levels will also be
designed to support school children and their curricular activities. Higher
open access research levels will detail scientific and technical progress as
well as comprehensive information on dissemination activities.

In addition to providing links to each partner’s respective normal research
web pages, the web site will include various resources such as on-line
publications, benchmark problems, discussion groups and links to other related
sites.

##  4.6 Hardware and Software

###  4.6.a Intelligent Decision Support System

University of Nottingham resources and equipment (a desktop and a laptop)
supported by funding from the ENLIVEN project will be utilised for the IDSS
component of the project. IBM SPSS modeller software will be used. The
University of Nottingham possesses a group licence for this software.
Additional software usage will be covered by open source licences.

###  4.6.b Data Backup and Recovery

The University of Nottingham's Research Filestore (“R: Drive”) is centrally
managed and provided by

University of Nottingham Information Services (IS), and is subject to IS
Business Continuity Planning, IS Information Security Policy and IS Change and
Release standards. The service includes failover support across two separate
data centres. Full backups to tape are performed once a week, while
incremental backups are performed nightly. Tapes are retained for 112 days,
after which they are reused or securely disposed of. Access to the service
requires authorised University of Nottingham credentials, and is restricted by
the institutional firewall.

##  4.7 Intellectual Property and Ownership

###  4.7.a Intellectual Property

The ENLIVEN partners will comply with intellectual property rights regulations
and provisions in accordance with Horizon 2020 principles:

  * All data generated will be centrally stored on the Co-ordinator’s central computer system (University of Nottingham), using the University’s standard archiving data control procedures and routinely (daily) backed up onto secure areas on a central server, in line with the above statement on data backup and recovery. 

  

  * The Project Administrator (Ruth Elmer) will hold management responsibility for these curation activities. 

  

  * All Consortium members are responsible for complying with the intellectual property regulations and provisions. 

  

  * At the earliest opportunity and appropriate times, data will be made publicly available by presentation at internal and external conferences and by publication in peer-reviewed journals. This is outlined in the ENLIVEN Dissemination plan. 

  

  * All data presented or published will be anonymised. Immediately after publication access to original anonymised data sets will be freely available on appropriate request, adhering to relevant regulatory requirements and ethical use of data approval. A condition of such access will be subsequent acknowledgment by those applying. 

  

###  4.7.b Joint ownership

Joint ownership is governed by Grant Agreement Article 26.2 with the following
additions:

_Unless otherwise agreed: - Each of the joint owners shall be entitled to use
their jointly owned Results for non-commercial research activities on a
royalty-free basis, and without requiring the prior consent of the other joint
owner(s), and each of the joint owners shall be entitled to otherwise Exploit
the jointly owned Results and to grant non-exclusive licenses to third parties
(without any right to sub-license), if the other joint owners are given: (a)
At least 45 calendar days advance notice; and (b) Fair and Reasonable
compensation_

##  4.8 Open Access

Data with an acknowledged long-term value will be preserved and remain
accessible and useable for future research. Data which supports and validates
published research will also be preserved and, as far as possible, openly
accessible to other interested researchers. All output, including academic
publications, will be made available by ‘Open Access’ so that every paper will
be available to readers without additional cost. Where Green route publishing
is not possible, authors will be provided with funding to publish through the
Gold route.

All data presented or published will be in an anonymised form. Immediately
post-publication access to original anonymised data sets will be made freely
available on appropriate request, wherever possible through institutional data
repositories. Release of such datasets will be in accordance with relevant
regulatory requirements, especially on the ethical use of data. A condition of
access and reuse of the data will be subsequent acknowledgment of ENLIVEN as a
source.

##  4.9 Quality Assurance

ENLIVEN has an annual Quality Assurance System reporting plan which details
the project deliverables each partner is responsible for delivering, and the
peer reviewers responsible for checking them. The document also details the
timescales for each deliverable, including the formal date for submission and
internal timelines. The latter include dates for first drafts to be sent to
the Co-ordinator by the Responsible Partner, the deadline for the Nottingham
team to distribute to all Partners, the deadline for feedback from all
Partners and the date for feedback from Peer Reviewers. Certain protocols and
procedures are also outlined: e.g., when documents are sent to all Partners,
this is for _comment only_ , mainly in respect of accuracy in relation to
statements about partners’ countries or specific research input. Feedback must
be given in the body of an email ( _not_ via word ‘tracking’ on the document
itself as this creates a very high volume of work). Partners have three
working days to respond with any comment; otherwise, correctness is assumed.
Finally, the _peer reviewer offers detailed review/amendment_ regarding
overall coherence and quality (with reference to the Quality Criteria
document) - and comments and changes can be made in word tracking.

#  5 Work-Package-specific Data Issues

This section sets requirements for data management related to specific work-
package tasks.

##  5.1 WP1: Mapping European and national policies and programmes, and their
contribution to economic and social inclusion

This WP maps and investigates, at European, national, and subnational levels,
**policies and funding schemes** to tackle disadvantage, inequality and social
exclusion. It includes a **comparative study** of policies and programmes in
selected European countries and Australia, and analyses the role system
characteristics (policy regimes) play in participation and inequalities. The
main methods used are critical discourse analysis of **policy documents and
funding schemes** . Country-based analysis of selected education programmes
involving **in-depth case studies** (based in part on interviews) will collect
data about individuals’ employment (e.g., ex-ante and ex-post, working
conditions), empowerment (e.g., self-perceptions of personal and collective
agency) and active citizenship (e.g., political participation, participation
in community life). Learners will be selected for interview according to
programme, funding received, orientation, and provider (public/private).

##  5.2 WP2: Constraints and facilitators of access and participation

This WP **analyses** national institutional architecture and qualifications
frameworks **using policy documents and key informant interviews.** Within
each participating country, we will produce **a map of the institutional
architecture** with a view to assessing its flexibility and inclusivity, based
on policy documents and reviews, including Eurydice reports. All partners will
analyse aggregated administrative and survey data, national and local policy
documents, and qualifications frameworks, to illuminate institutional
architecture in their jurisdiction. Up to ten **key informant interviews**
will be conducted in each jurisdiction **with policy-makers, service providers
and service users** to provide **commentary** on the extent to which official
accounts are consistent with the practical experience of service users and
those involved in delivery of services. **Interviews with** **young adults**
(some of whom will be potentially vulnerable adults) will explore barriers to
participation among various groups.

##  5.3 WP3: The role of European governance in adult education & learning
policy

This WP **maps the main actors** contributing to adult education policy
developments in Europe. It identifies key policy actors at global, regional,
national and sub-national levels via a thorough **web search.** It improves
understanding of the coordinating function of European governance in adult
education by identification and examination of governance mechanisms
coordinated by or under the supervision of EU shared institutions, how they
work, and how they have developed. It also looks at evidence of these
governance mechanisms, and related EU policies, influencing public and
regulatory agencies intervention in adult education markets at national and
sub-national levels. It also **analyses the development of taxonomies and
indicators in European adult education** and their **use of crossnational
survey data (e.g. PIAAC)** to inform policy. Finally, it examines how
taxonomies and indicators have developed in European adult education, and
interrogates how PIAAC connects with governance mechanisms under the
supervision of EU shared institutions.

##  5.4 WP4: Improving our understanding of the effect of system
characteristics by building stronger data and adding a longitudinal, regional
& sectoral focus

This WP constructs a **pseudo-panel data set on lifelong learning
participation** , starting from **the time series of the Labour Force Survey
(LFS),** in order to investigate how lifelong learning participation and
system characteristics have developed over time. LFS also permits breaking-up
of the sample by NUTSregion (Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics)
and by employment sector. In order to improve develop **richer contextual
information,** the LFS-based pseudo-panel data set will be enriched with
**more detailed information from other datasets** (e.g., AES and PIAAC). To
facilitate longitudinal, regional and sectoral analysis, indicator time series
will be constructed to be linked to the panel data set. New indicators will be
developed for characteristics that have not yet been fully covered, such as
indicators of the demand for general, sector-specific and job-specific skills.
However, micro data sets will not be merged in a way to avoid any risk of
potentially compromising the anonymity of any individual units represented.

##  5.5 WPs5–7: Studying the role of workplace learning and patterns of work
organisations for early career structuration; qualitative interviews on
learning biographies

WP 5 and 6 utilise **in-depth organisational case studies** . 16 in-depth
organisational case studies will be undertaken, drawing on 64 interviews with
managers, line managers, HRD experts and legal representatives of employees,
and 64 in-depth interviews with adults in their first 10 years of their
occupational career will be conducted. Each organisational case study will
include two interviews with each of four managers, HRM/HRD professionals and
line managers and at least one interview with an employee interest
representative. During an **action research phase** small ‘learning projects’
will be arranged with the members of the case study organisation, tailored to
the particular organisation, and will run for up to 6 months. In WP6, some
potentially **sensitive data** will be collected (for example, **personal
reports on observed conflicts in the workplace);** the young adults (aged
18-35) will be invited to share important aspects of their learning
biographies, focusing on job-related non-formal and informal learning in the
workplace.

In WP7, beyond a broad review of the relevant literature, **Case studies**
will be implemented in three countries (ES, AT, SK) on three initiatives
advocating better employment conditions during early career stages, including
young employees among their activists. Case studies will be based on two
expert interviews (one with an official speaker for the initiatives, one with
a representative of a corresponding employer interest organisation) and one
interview with a young activist. Where feasible and not running against the
outlined ethical principles, the activist interviewed will be employed by the
organisations studied in WP5 and 6. For the interviews with the young
activists, particular safeguards will be taken to shield them from any
potential harm resulting from their participation in the research. Further
detailed data management in these workpackages is provided in Table at 4.3
below.

##  5.6 WP8: Knowledge discovery on evidence-based policy making in
participating countries; & WP9: Establishment of Intelligent Decision Support
System for evidence-based policy making

This work package involves knowledge discovery based on data available from
international organisations (e.g., European Commission, OECD, UNESCO) and
other ENLIVEN research findings to establish a **knowledge based methodology**
(Case Based Reasoning: CBR) designed to facilitate analytical insights,
informed governing of ‘policy problems’, and modelling of policy making on
ALE/LLL programmes in the EU. A knowledge based system requires knowledge
acquisition, which will begin with an in-depth analysis, working with other
WPs, of **existing data** (e.g. ESS, LFS/SILC, Eurydice, Cedefop and Eurostat)
and case studies. Based on the analysis, data mining techniques will identify
case representation; investigations will then be conducted based on case
representation and training in the case base to identify similarity measure
models. These different stages are conducted iteratively, until the
performance of the CBR system provides satisfactory evaluation metrics
(accuracy and user feedback, etc.). Establishing an IDSS is an iterative
process. Findings from WPs1-7 will contribute to **building common models** of
policy making, reflected in the IDSS procedure.

##  5.7 WP10-11: Dissemination and Project Management & Integration

A **data repository** , comprising anonymised data gathered during the
project, and main findings, will be maintained for further use. This will
include transcripts of interviews as well as data collected for case studies.
On publication of a related output, or on conclusion of the project, these
data will be transferred from the University of Nottingham’s Research Drive to
the University’s Research Data Management Repository  (
_https://rdmc.nottingham.ac.uk/_ )  and/or to the UK Data Archive  (
_http://www.data-archive.ac.uk/home_ )  .

Where feasible, partners will also deposit their data in institutional or
national data repositories. This will be done in strict accordance with
European and individual country Data Protection legislation, and in the light
of the standards and guidance developed by the Consortium of European Social
Science Data Archives (CESSDA  : _https://cessda.net/_ )  . This will include
ensuring that permission has been given by individuals and organisations that
contribute data in any form not already public. All stored data will be
thoroughly anonymised (except in the case of expert interviewees who
explicitly decide not to be anonymous).

The data will be citable and will be given a Digital Object Identifier code
(DOI) within the data repository which will be guaranteed for 7 years, in line
with Table 2, below.

#  6 Appendices

##  6.1 Table 1: Key elements of the framework to ensure anonymization within
the ENLIVEN research process (for storage/use within the project): (to be
refined within the research project)  
  
<table>  
<tr>  
<th>

**Level**

</th>  
<th>

**Item**

</th>  
<th>

**Description**

</th>  
<th>

**When**

</th> </tr>  
<tr>  
<td>

1

</td>  
<td>

Removing names/using replacements

</td>  
<td>

Family name (removed); forename (replaced by a name typical for the gender,
generation and the community and **not** the name of another person in the
sample surveyed); replacing the name of the employing organisation; replacing
the name of the

geographic entity (town, etc.)

</td>  
<td>

Immediately, when transcriptions are made.

</td> </tr>  
<tr>  
<td>

2

</td>  
<td>

Removing

indirect identifier

</td>  
<td>

Transforming information on educational attainment, age, migrant background of
a particular kind, household characteristics into categories (e.g.

25 to a 25-29 age brackets).

</td>  
<td>

When including transcripts in the R: Drive.

</td> </tr>  
<tr>  
<td>

3

</td>  
<td>

Removing information allowing an indirect identification

</td>  
<td>

Removing information which allows the

identification of a person by her/his particularities, habits etc. for an
observer familiar with the particular context.

</td>  
<td>

When choosing

information for publication (biographical vignettes, quotations); before
preparing interview transcripts for archiving (if any).

</td> </tr>  
<tr>  
<td>

4

</td>  
<td>

Alienation and strategic replacement of important information

</td>  
<td>

Replacing important (“telling”) details which potentially include a risk of
de-anonymization by related details capable of communicating comparable
information.

</td>  
<td>

When presenting information in biographical vignettes.

</td> </tr> </table>

##  6.2 Table 2: Processing of data in the qualitative research implemented by
the ENLIVEN project

**Expert Interviews; Interviews with Qualitative Interviews with participants
in Data collection within the**

**representatives of business interest organisations educational programmes &
with participant in participatory observation/action and trade unions/social
movement organisations organisational case studies _research phase of the case
studies_ **  
  
<table>  
<tr>  
<th>

**Informed consent**

</th>  
<th>

Forms on informed consent will be collected and stored on the R: Drive
separate from other research material.

</th>  
<th>

Forms on informed consent will be collected and stored on the R: Drive
separate from other research material.

</th>  
<th>

Informed consent forms for participants in the action research phase will be
will be collected and stored on the R: Drive separate from other research
material

</th> </tr>  
<tr>  
<td>

**Collection**

</td>  
<td>

Face-to-face interviews or phone interviews; onsite interviews in surveyed
organisations

</td>  
<td>

Face-to-Face interviews (all); on-site case study enterprises (managers, line-
managers); neutral environment at choice of the interviewee (all others)

</td>  
<td>

Participatory

observation/participation in the

action research module

</td> </tr>  
<tr>  
<td>

**Recording**

</td>  
<td>

Personal identifiers (name, age, function, related information): paper and
pencil; experts are free to decide whether their names/the names of their
organisations should be reported or should anonymised; main interview: digital
voice recording (a numeric code links the voice recording to the personal
identifier)

</td>  
<td>

Personal identifiers (name, age, function, related information): paper and
pencil; main interview: digital voice recording (a numeric code links the
voice recording to the personal identifier)

</td>  
<td>

Research Diary for on-site participant observation – paper and pencil; all
personal identifiers will immediately be replaced by codes representing
particular research participants (or omitted, where not relevant for the
research activity)

</td> </tr> </table>

**Organisation** When participants choose anonymity or are **and storage**
regarded as vulnerable: personal identifiers (single paper copy); information
will be stored in a locked compartment. Information on personal identifies
will be collected and stored electronically only in an anonymised version,
attributing pseudonyms, using broader categories (e.g. age); two digital
copies of the main interview will be stored in the R: drive separate from
other research material; copies will be stored in a locked compartment
separate from the papers with the personal identifiers; interviews will be
transcribed (verbatim transcription); passages where personal

When participants choose anonymity or are Notes must be stored in a locked
regarded as vulnerable: personal identifiers (single room and a locked
compartment

paper copy); information must be stored in a locked compartment. Information
on personal identifiers will be collected and stored electronically only in an
anonymised version, attributing pseudonyms and using broader categories (e.g.
age); two digital copies of the main interview will be stored in the R: drive
separate from other research material; copies will be stored in a locked
compartment, separate from the papers with personal identifiers; interviews
will be transcribed (verbatim); passages where personal identifiers of the
interviewee or related  
  
<table>  
<tr>  
<th>

</th>  
<th>

identifiers of the interviewee or related persons (e.g. name of a co-worker)
are revealed will not be transcribed, but will be immediately replaced in a
way safeguarding anonymity [e.g. “the interviewee”; “an interviewee’s co-
worker]; individual transcripts will be further anonymised by the responsible
researcher prior to compiling the transcripts within the software package
used. Transcripts will be held only within the originating partner research
organisation and the University of Nottingham R: Drive.

</th>  
<th>

persons (e.g. name of a co-worker) are revealed will not be transcribed, but
will be immediately replaced in a way safeguarding anonymity [e.g. “the
interviewee”; “an interviewee’s co-worker]; individual transcripts will be
further anonymised by the responsible researcher prior to compiling the
interview transcripts within the software package used; only anonymised
interviews will be saved in the R Drive. Transcripts will be held only within
the originating partner research organisation and the University of Nottingham
R: Drive.

</th>  
<th>

</th> </tr>  
<tr>  
<td>

**Adaption and alteration**

</td>  
<td>

When participants choose anonymity or are regarded as vulnerable: personal
identifiers will be anonymised; verbatim transcripts will be anonymised in a
two-step procedure (immediate replacement of identifiers during transcription;
further removal of any information helping to identify the interviewee prior
to compilation of interviews; a summary of each interview will provided
[10,000 signs] and translated into English; for the summary, any further
information which risks disclosure of respondent identity will

be removed/replaced by more general information; at this stage, any sensitive
information (e.g. on health condition, on sexual orientation etc.) not
required for the research process will also either be removed or replaced by a
more neutral statement (e.g. a description of a concrete case of misconduct
will be replaced by a statement that a case of misconduct has been reported).

</td>  
<td>

Personal identifiers will be anonymised; verbatim transcripts will be
anonymised in a two-step procedure (immediate replacement of identifiers
during transcription; further removal of any information helping to identify
the interviewee prior to the compilation of interviews; a summary of each
interview will provided [10,000 signs] and translated into English; for the
summary, any further information which risks disclosure of the respondent’s
identity will be removed/replaced by more general information; at this stage,
any sensitive information (e.g. on health condition, on sexual orientation
etc.) not required for the research process will also either be removed or
replaced by a more neutral statement (e.g. a description of a concrete case of
misconduct will be replaced by a statement that a case of misconduct has been
reported).

</td>  
<td>

Researchers will produce a detailed summary of their notes as an electronic
document for each day of observation, but removing all personal identifiers;
potentially harmful information/sensitive information not relevant for the
project must not be included in the summaries

</td> </tr> </table>

**Retrieval and** Interview transcripts (with alterations required for
Interview transcripts (with alterations required for (Anonymised) summaries of
on-site **consultation** anonymisation) will be stored [in original
anonymisation) will be stored [in original language] visits/participatory
observation will

language] within the software used for qualitative within the software used
for qualitative text analysis, be shared within the local research

text analysis, separately in each partner’s separately in each partner’s
organisation (and saved team organisation (and saved on the University of on
the University of Nottingham R: Drive);  
  
<table>  
<tr>  
<th>

</th>  
<th>

Nottingham R: Drive); otherwise, within the partnership, only translated
interview summaries will be exchanged and compiled in one file (this will be
the base for cross-country comparative analysis).

</th>  
<th>

otherwise, within the partnership, only translated interview summaries will be
exchanged and compiled in one file (this will be the base for crosscountry
comparative analysis).

</th>  
<th>

</th> </tr>  
<tr>  
<td>

**Use**

</td>  
<td>

Interviews will be analysed only in line with predefined research questions,
as stated in the proposal and agreed with the research participants in the
informed consent process.

</td>  
<td>

Interviews will be analysed only in line with predefined research questions,
as stated in the proposal and agreed on with the research participants in the
informed consent process.

</td>  
<td>

Interviews will be analysed only in line with predefined research questions,
as stated in the proposal and agreed on with the research participants in the
informed consent process.

</td> </tr>  
<tr>  
<td>

**Dissemination**

</td>  
<td>

Original language interview transcripts will not be disseminated but will
remain with the team of the research organisation responsible for the
research. Fully anonymised transcripts will be saved on the University of
Nottingham R: Drive. They will also be made available along with summaries (in
English, and from which all information potentially disclosing the
participants’ identities is removed) at the end of the project on a suitable
data archive.

</td>  
<td>

Original language interview transcripts will not be disseminated, but will
remain with the team of the research organisation responsible for the
research. Fully anonymised transcripts will be saved on the University of
Nottingham R: Drive. They will also be made available, along with summaries
(in English, and from which all information potentially disclosing the
participants’ identities is removed) at the end of the project on a suitable
data archive.

</td>  
<td>

Research notes will not be disseminated, but will remain with the team of the
research organisation responsible.

</td> </tr>  
<tr>  
<td>

**Alignment and**

**Combination**

</td>  
<td>

Expert interviews will be analysed in combination, however, no further risks
to confidentiality of information are expected

</td>  
<td>

Interview transcripts of respondents from each organisation will be analysed
in combination; special attention will be paid to the risk of disclosure of
respondents’ identities when bringing the information from the various
interviews and information from the participatory observations together;
information which carries the risk of disclosure will be omitted

</td>  
<td>

Summaries of research notes will be combined for each organisation studied and
merged with the transcripts of the interviews; special attention will be paid
to the risk of disclosing respondents’ identities when material is brought
together; information which carries

the risk of disclosure will be omitted

</td> </tr> </table>

**Deletion/** Data will be retained intact for a period of at least

**Destruction** seven years from the date of any publication which is based
upon them. Data will be stored in their original form – i.e. tapes/discs etc.
will not be deleted and reused, but kept securely. Except

Data will be retained intact for a period of at least Personal field notes
(paper and seven years from the date of any publication which pencil) will be
destroyed at the end is based upon them. Data will be stored in their of the
project (on acceptance of the original form – i.e. tapes/discs etc. will not
be final report).

deleted and reused, but kept securely. Except where

where individually agreed by the research individually agreed by the research
participant, all participant, all records which could lead to records which
could lead to identification of identification of individual persons will be
individual persons will be destroyed at the end of destroyed at the end of the
project (on acceptance the project (on acceptance of the final report by the
of the final report by the Commission). Commission).

23