#  DELIVERABLE DESCRIPTION

This document establishes the _Data Management Plan_ (DMP) for data collected,
generated and handled by the NEWTON-g consortium, during and after the project
lifecycle.

The definition of a DMP is crucial for adequately manage and preserve project
data and to make data findable, accessible, interoperable, and re-usable. The
present document provides all the information needed for implementing the DMP
of NEWTON-g.

The application of the DMP will be periodically checked, and we expect that,
over the course of the project, this document will be reviewed and updated.

#  DATA SUMMARY

##  Purpose of the data collection/generation and origin of the data

NEWTON-g aims at overcoming the current limits of terrain gravimetry, that are
imposed by the high cost and by the characteristics of currently available
gravimeters. To pursue this objective, an innovative new system for gravity
measurements will be developed in the framework of the project, based on the
joint use of MEMS devices and a quantum gravimeter. After a phase of design
and production of the instrumentation (years 1 and 2), NEWTON-g involves a
field test of the newly developed “ _gravity imager_ ”, which will be carried
out at Mt. Etna volcano, during the last two years of the project.

We expect that the bulk of the data that will be produced in the framework of
the project will come from the sensors in the “ _gravity imager_ ”, after its
deployment on the summit zone of Etna. The latter will include an array of 20
to 30 “ _pixels_ ”, equipped with continuously recording MEMS gravimeters, at
elevations ranging between about 2000 and 3000m a.s.l. The array of relative
MEMS devices will be anchored to an absolute quantum gravimeter, installed
within the area covered by the array, which will also acquire data in a
continuous fashion. Most experimental data in NEWTON-g will thus come from
continuous measurements of the gravity field at each node of the array, during
the phase of field test (years 3 and 4). Besides gravity, other parameters
will be acquired at the nodes of the array, to recognize anomalies due to
sources other than the ones of interest. These complementary parameters
include ambient temperature, atmospheric pressure, rainfall and soil moisture.

Before the deployment of the “ _gravity imager_ ” in the summit zone of Etna,
experimental data are also produced in the framework of laboratory and on-site
tests, aimed at checking whether the characteristics of the devices under
development comply with the requirements, in terms of accuracy, stability and
ruggedness.

In all cases, experimental data involve the measurement of analogic signals by
means of physical detectors; data are then digitalized and stored through a
suitable data acquisition software.

Besides experimental data, numerical and analytical modeling will be performed
under NEWTON-g, with the aim of simulating the physical processes behind the
development of measurable gravity changes; hence, theoretical information will
be also produced.

The large majority of the data and products of NEWTON-g will be generated by
the partners, in the framework of the project research. It is likely that
already existing data and software are re-used to undertake project activities
(for example, past gravity data collected by instruments in the monitoring
network of Etna, managed by INGV-CT). Reused data and software will mostly
belong to NEWTON-g partners from previous investigations.

Exceptionally, data from research groups out of the consortium might be used,
if the right to do so is granted by the data owners.

##  Data types, formats and sizes

Most experimental and theoretical data produced under NEWTON-g will be in the
form of spreadsheet text files (e.g., *.txt; *.dat; *.csv). As stated before,
the bulk of NEWTON-g data will be produced during the phase of field test,
when the newly developed “ _gravity imager_ ” will be deployed in the summit
zone of Etna volcano. Each “ _pixel_ ” of the imager will most likely acquire
data at a rate of 1Hz, implying an average file size within 10 Mb per day, per
device. Hence, we expect that, during the 2-year deployment interval, the
amount of data generated will be on the order of 200 Gb. Considering
additional data and products generated in the framework of other project
activities, the total size of the project database should not exceed 300 Gb

##  Data utility

Data generated within NEWTON-g are, in first instance, needed by the partners
to reach the objectives of the project. On the other hand, we foresee that
most of the collected and generated data will be reused for further research
on topics related to terrain gravimetry and volcanology.

#  FAIR DATA

##  Making data findable

NEWTON-g participates in the ORD Pilot under H2020 and is thus expected to
deposit generated and collected data in an open online data repository. As
reported in Deliverable 1.1 (Data Policy Guidelines), openly shared data and
products will be made available through the ZENODO repository
(https://zenodo.org), an OpenAIRE and CERN collaboration that provides secure
archiving and referability, including digital object identifiers (DOIs).
ZENODO is set up to facilitate the findability, accessibility,
interoperability, and reuse of data sets, thus being especially suitable to
ORD projects. Other online FAIR-compliant data repositories will be
considered, depending on types and formats of data to share. To that end,
beneficiaries will refer to the Registry of Research Data Repositories
(re3data) and Directory of Open Access Repositories (OpenDOAR) for useful
listings of repositories that might be suitable for NEWTON-g outputs. When
uploading new material to ZENODO or to another repository, the producing party
will provide all the mandatory and recommended metadata (type of data,
publication date, title, authors, description, terms for access rights, etc.).

As for data naming convention, if data are related to a published research,
the file name will include the following items:

  * _first author name_

  

  * _article reference (standard journal abbreviation, issue number, year, page)_

  

  * _version_

  

If the dataset involves a set of data files, it will be shared as a single
compressed folder. In this case, the name of the folder follows the above
convention, while the names of the single files in the folder are freely
chosen by the uploading party, who makes sure that repetitions are avoided.

Concerning (i) the naming convention of data not related to published research
(e.g., public presentations, posters, public deliverables) and (ii) further
information on metadata and making data findable (approach towards search
keywords, approach for clear versioning, and specification of standards for
metadata creation), all this will be outlined in subsequent versions of the
DMP, that will be developed as the project progresses and data is identified
and collected

Each task leader will be responsible for depositing relevant data in ZENODO or
another appropriate online repository. Data will be made accessible within one
month of publishing the paper based on the data themselves in peer-reviewed
scientific articles or similar.

Both during the embargo period and afterwards (see next section) experimental
data obtained through field measurements and laboratory tests, as well as
theoretical data from physical modelling will be stored in the project Data
Center (FTP server in the facilities of the coordinator institution). In this
case, metadata will be compliant with the standard that is being developed in
the framework of EPOS (European Plate Observing System; https://www.epos-
ip.org), an infrastructure that is meant to facilitate integrated use of data,
data products, and services from distributed research infrastructures for
solid Earth science in Europe. EPOS metadata standard follows the CERIF model,
which is fully interoperable with the most common metadata formats. EPOS is
also developing an integrating semantic environment, where domains and
keywords are defined, in order to speed up the metadata discovery
(http://wiki.epos-ip.org/index.php/Category:ICTArchitecture).

##  Making data openly accessible

The data and products that will be generated in the framework of the project
include:

  * experimental datasets resulting from laboratory and on-site tests, during the phases of development of the new devices (years 1 and 2); 

  

  * experimental datasets resulting from measurements of gravity and complementary parameters, during the phase of field test at Mt. Etna volcano (years 3 and 4); 

  

  * datasets resulting from physical modelling (synthetic data); 

  

  * publications and datasets related to published articles; 

  

  * public deliverables; 

  

  * software; 

  

  * demonstrators, videos and photographs related to the dissemination activities; 

  

  * technical manuals. 

  

As for the definition of Users, NEWTON-g foresees:

  * Anonymous Users for data discovery via metadata exploration;  Registered Users for data downloading. 

  

Unpublished NEWTON-g data that could be included in patents or that could
jeopardize further publications, if made immediately open, will be: 
Embargoed for a given period after their production;

  * Made freely available afterwards. 

  

As reported in Deliverable 1.1 (Data Policy Guidelines), all data produced
under

NEWTON-g will be immediately available to the project partners, via a
dedicated Data Center, in order to warrant continuity to the research
activities and smooth cooperation within the consortium. The datasets related
to published articles, i.e., needed to validate the results presented in the
publications, as well as other information resulting from project activities
(public deliverable reports, demonstrator videos and pictures approved for
dissemination by the consortium, technical manuals for future users, etc.)
will be made publicly available through ZENODO (https://zenodo.org), or other
open repositories. Conversely, access to data and products that may hinder
future publications or patents will be restricted to the project partners for
an embargo period of five years after the date of submission to the database,
or two years after the end of the project, whichever occurs first. At the end
of the embargo period, data generated under NEWTON-g will be open and publicly
available for re-use and sharing. During the embargo period, applications to
use embargoed data, that come from outside the project consortium, will be
considered on a case-by-case basis by the owner(s) of the requested data, who
exercise full control over granting or refusing access to the data.

In order to be granted access to NEWTON-g data, external applicants will need
to provide a brief description of their research subject and of how they
intend to use the data. In addition, applicants will have to agree to the Data
Conditions of Use of NEWTON-g, reported in Section 6 (Condition of Use) of
deliverable D1.1 (Data Policy Guidelines). Both during the embargo period and
afterwards experimental dataset will be stored in the project Data Center, a
repository managed by INGV-OE that will be accessible through an FTP service
on public IP address. Users outside the consortium will be asked to provide
basic information to obtain the credentials to log into the FTP server. The
required registration to access the FTP repository will be implemented by a
form on a dedicated web page of the official project website and will involve
the following steps:

  * The User fills a web form where they supply basic information (i.e. name, surname, institute, email) and accepts the policy on the data; 

  

  * The request is validated by the Data Center administrator(s); 

  

  * Credentials are generated and sent to the user; 

  

  * The User logs into the FTP server with his own credentials. 

  

Data, metadata and documentation stored in the Data Center will be organized
in a folder tree. To provide everyone an overview of what is stored in the
Data Center of NEWTON-g, metadata will be made freely accessible through (i)
anonymous login (without registration) to the FTP Data Center and (ii) the
project website.

Most data generated under NEWTON-g do not need specialized software to access
them. One exception involves source code, that may need specialized software
to be executed.

##  Making data interoperable

Adequate solutions will be adopted to facilitate interoperability of data
generated by NEWTON-g. Experimental and synthetic data stored in the project
Data Center will be compliant with the standards of EPOS, an infrastructure
which is especially meant to foster worldwide interoperability in Earth
sciences (https://www.epos-ip.org). Data publicly available through ZENODO
will include a description (a dedicated field is available in the upload form)
to identify contents and data collection conditions.

Standard vocabulary will be used for all shared data types, to allow inter-
disciplinary interoperability

##  Increasing data reuse

In order to permit the widest reuse of shared data, NEWTON-g will adopt
licensing models, such as Creative Commons (CC). Data can thus be shared and
re-used under terms that are flexible and legally sound.

CC licenses require that users provide attribution (BY) to the creator, when
the material is used and shared. The other conditions of CC licenses depend on
how BY is combined with the other three license elements:

  * NonCommercial (NC), which prohibits commercial use of the material; 

  

  * ShareAlike (SA), which requires that any adaptations of the material are released under the same license; 

  

  * NoDerivatives (ND), which does not allow the user to modify the material. 

  

For each product that is shared for re-use, the kind of CC to adopt will be
chosen by the partner(s) who generated it.

Before being shared for reuse, NEWTON-g outcomes will be quality-checked. The
quality of any shared dataset is the main responsibility of the partner(s) who
produced it. Key concepts of data quality in Earth observation will be
adopted, including: completeness, accuracy, reproducibility, consistency with
other results.

Data and products from NEWTON-g will continue to be re-usable in the long term
after the end of the project.

#  ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES

ZENODO repository is free of charge. The Data Center of NEWTON-g is hosted in
the facilities of the coordinator institution (INGV-CT). The work involved in
preparing and uploading the data sets is part of the scientific work on the
project and is covered by the funding for personal costs. We estimate it at
0.2 to 0.4 person-month per year and partner.

The cost of creating/supervising/updating the data management is also covered
by the personal costs.

The project manager, Letizia Spampinato, and the coordinator, Daniele Carbone,
are responsible for the dissemination of the DMP within the NEWTON-g
consortium and for supervising its global implementation. However, partners
are responsible for implementing the DMP at their level: data production,
quality assessment, uploading, providing metadata, etc.

#  DATA SECURITY

The data generated and collected in the frame of NEWTON-g are not sensitive,
implying that there are no risks of breaching confidentiality. Indeed, as
reported in Annex 1 of the Grant Agreement: “ _NEWTON-g will not involve
either activities or results raising security issues, or ‘EU-classified
information’ as background or results_ ”.

Data in the project Data Center will be safeguarded through the implementation
of appropriate procedures of regular backup and disaster recovery.
Furthermore, data backup on servers of partner institutions will be
encouraged.

#  ETHICAL ISSUES

Not relevant for NEWTON-g data. Indeed, as reported in Annex 1 of the Grant
Agreement: “ _The activities that will be carried out in the frame of the
project do not raise ethical issues_ ”.