#  EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The main goal of the Nunataryuk project is to determine the impacts of thawing
land, coast and subsea permafrost on the global climate and on humans in the
Arctic and to develop targeted and co-designed adaptation and mitigation
strategies. For this purpose, a high diversity of data will be collected and
produced within different work packages. The purpose of the Data Management
Plan is to describe the data that will be created and to present a concept of
how the data will be shared and preserved. The goal of Nunataryuk data
management is to create a web-based Nunataryuk data portal which provides a
unified search interface to all gathered data sets generated within the
project in order to maximize the visibility and impact of data generated
within the Nunataryuk project.

This Data Management Plan (DMP) is based on the H2020 FAIR Data Management
Plan template designed to be applicable to any H2020 project that produces,
collects or processes research data. The purpose of the DMP is to describe the
data that will be produced, collected or processed during the project, as well
as the plans for data sharing and data preservation.

Nunataryuk follows a metadata-driven approach where a physically distributed
number of data repositories are integrated using standardized discovery
metadata and interoperability interfaces for metadata and data storage and
publication. The Nunataryuk data portal will provide a unified search
interface to all gathered data sets. Further, Nunataryuk will host a data
management system directly coupled to the Global Terrestrial Network for
Permafrost (GTN-P), where many of the data generated in the project will be
stored. Nunataryuk promotes free and open access to data in line with the
European Open research Data Pilot (OpenAIRE). Within this plan an overview of
the data collection procedures is provided as well as an initial outline of
dissemination.

This plan is a living document that will be updated during the project.

#  INTRODUCTION

##  Background and motivation

Within the Nunataryuk project, a vast amount and diversity of data will be
produced. The purpose of the DMP is to document how the data generated within
the project is handled during and after the project. It describes the basic
principles for data management within the project. This includes standards and
generation of discovery and use metadata, data sharing and preservation and
life cycle management. This DMP is a living document that will be updated
during the project in time with the periodic reports. Nunataryuk is following
the principles outlined by the Open Research Data Pilot (OpenAIRE) and The
FAIR Guiding Principles for scientific data management and stewardship
(Wilkinson et al. 2016  1  ).

##  Organization of the plan

This DMP is based on the H2020 FAIR Data Management Plan template  2  designed
to be applicable to any H2020 project that produces, collects or processes
research data. This is the same plan as OpenAIRE is referring to in their
guidance material.

#  Administration details

Project Name: Nunataryuk

Funding: EU HORIZON 2020 Research and Innovation Programme Partners:

x Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research
(Germany) x Stockholms Universitet (Sweden) x VU University Amsterdam
(Netherlands)

x Le Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France) x Université Laval
(Canada)

x Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg (Germany) x University of
Oulu, (Finland)

x Technical University of Denmark (Denmark) x NORDREGIO (Sweden)

x Stefansson Arctic Institute (Iceland) x University of Vienna (Austria) x
B•GEOS (Austria)

x Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (Italy) x University of Oslo (Norway) x
University of Lisbon (Portugal)

x The International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (Austria) x
University of Hamburg (Germany) x Université libre de Bruxelles (Belgium)

x Norwegian University of Science and Technology (Norway) x University of
Versailly saint-Quentin en Yvelines (France) x Grid Arendal (Norway)

x Natural Resources Canada - Geological Survey of Canada (Canada) x INFORMUS
GmbH (Germany) x ACRI-He (France)

x Universite Pierre Et Marie Curie (France)

x Helmholtz Zentrum Potsdam Deutsches Geoforschungszentrum (Germany) x Kommune
Kujalleq (Greenland)

x Arctic Portal (Iceland)

#  Data summary

The primary goal of Nunataryuk is

_to investigate the impacts of thawing coastal and subsea permafrost on the
global climate, and develop targeted and co-designed adaptation and mitigation
strategies for the Arctic coastal population. Nunataryuk brings together
world-leading specialists in natural science and socio-economics to:_

x _develop a quantitative understanding of the fluxes and fates of organic
matter released from thawing coastal and subsea permafrost_

x _assess which risks are posed by thawing coastal permafrost to
infrastructure, indigenous and local communities and peoples’ health, and from
pollution_

x _use this understanding to estimate the long-term impacts of permafrost thaw
on global climate and the economy_ .

Therefore, a number of datasets will be generated. These will include: x
Datasets to quantify thawing permafrost and its impact on storage and
vulnerability of organic matter and contaminants on land

x Datasets of lateral fluxes of organic matter from coastal erosion and
watersheds draining into the Arctic Ocean

x Datasets on the quantitative constraints for the vulnerable subsea
permafrost system x Datasets on quantified trends in the signature of organic
matter fluxes in coastal waters

x Datasets on health and pollution risks associated with permafrost thaw for
wildlife and humans living in the coastal Arctic

x Datasets on the quantified effect of permafrost thaw on Arctic
infrastructure by means of site investigations and local-scale modelling

##  Data overview

In order to get an overview over the variety and amount of data which are
aimed to be generated during the Nunataryuk project, a short data survey was
carried out among the Principal Investigators for ach work package in March
2017. The chapters 5.1.1 and 5.1.2 represent some of the survey results.

###  Types and formats of data generated/collected

Nunataryuk will generate a variety of data which will include:

  1. Geospatial data: x Lateral carbon fluxes x Ocean color 

    10. Temperatures of soil and snow x Model output 

  
  

  

  

x Organic carbon in the Arctic Ocean shelf sediments x Elevations, distances,
coordinates (GPS measurements) x Airborne LiDAR, Hyperspectral measurements x
UAV surveys

x Point clouds, thematic maps, coastline, vegetation, geomorphology

  2. Multimedia data: 

    10. Videos x Photos x Audio recordings x Science blogs 

  
  

  

  3. Empirical data: 

    10. Interview recordings, transcripts, field notes x Socioeconomic data on Arctic coastal settlements 

  
  

  

  4. Field measurements: 

    10. Hydrological observations x Aquatic carbon samples x pH measurements x Optical and biogeochemical data x Data on physical properties and temperatures of soil, snow, and hydrodynamic conditions 

  
  

  

  

x Soil temperature measurements x Near surface geophysical data x CH  4
concentration measurements

  5. Laboratory experiments: x Post-processed aquatic carbon samples (e.g. isotope information) x Optical and biogeochemical data x Physical properties of soils 

    10. Sediment and subsea permafrost organic carbon properties x Triple-isotope analyses of CH  4  x Soil Carbon, Nitrogen and their isotopes x Soil Organic Matter quality data (MS data) x Microbial activity x Inorganic contaminants 

  
  

  

  

x Thermal and salinity experiments for thermal model validation

x Lab-scale coastal erosion experiment (soil and water temperature, wave
heights and frequency, imagery for DEM creation, measurements of mechanical
erosion)

x Experimental data (soil laboratory incubations)

  6. Other: x Data and information from literature (incl. grey literature like white papers, government documents, newspaper articles, etc.) 

  

  

The main data formats are expected to be: x Microsoft Excel (XLS) x Shapefile
(SHP)

x Comma-separated values (CSV) x Text (TXT) x NetCDF (NC) x MPEG-4 video
format (MP4) x GeoTIFF (TIF)

x Extensible Markup Language (XML)

x Microsoft Word (DOC)

x Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPG) x Portable Network Graphics (PNG) x
MPEG 2.5 audio format (MP3) x Portable Document Format (PDF) x Hierarchical
Data Format (HDF5) x Raw data (RXP, RAW)

x Various proprietary binary formats (BIN)

A high variety of data formats will be generated and worked with in the
Nunataryuk project

(Fig. 1). The most popular formats are expected to be XLS (16% of total amount
of datasets), SHP (13%), CSV (12%), TXT (12%) and netCDF (5%).

Figure 1. Data formats generated in the project

###  Origin of the data

The majority of the data used in the project will be generated within the
project (81.8 %, Fig. 2). However, some data will be reused in accordance with
the FAIR data re-use policy (18.2%).

Figure 2. Distribution of data origin.

Orange field marks newly generated data, blue field marks reused data.

It is estimated that approximately 10 Terabytes of data will be generated
within the Nunataryuk project.

A major goal of the Nunataryuk data management is to make data generated
within the project visible and useful for regional and global monitoring
programs, Arctic researchers, Arctic communities and individuals. Therefore, a
Nunataryuk data portal will be established, which will provide a unified view
on the data produced by the Nunataryuk project. This approach is essential in
order to increase the visibility of the Nunataryuk project and benefit from
the generated data.

#  FAIR data

##  Making data findable, including provisions for metadata [FAIR data]

Nunataryuk is following a metadata driven approach, utilizing internationally
accepted standards and protocols for documentation and exchange of discovery
and use metadata. This ensures interoperability at the discovery level within
international systems and frameworks. The Nunataryuk project will host a data
management system directly coupled to the Global Terrestrial Network for
Permafrost (GTN-P). Existing and new datasets will be documented in a
standardized manner for data discovery and delivered through the data
management system. GTN-P is part of the Global Climate Observing System
(GCOS), of the Global Cryosphere Watch (GCW) and the World Data System (WDS)
and complies with all geoinformation standards. Part of the Nunataryuk data
will therefore naturally feed into the Global Earth Observation System of
Systems (GEOSS) Common Infrastructure.

Nunataryuk promotes the implementation of Persistent Identifiers at each
contributing data center. Some have this in place, while others are in the
process of establishing this. Although application of globally resolvable
Persistent Identifiers (e.g. Digital Object Identifiers) is not required, it
is promoted by the Nunataryuk data management. Concerning naming conventions,
Nunataryuk requires that controlled vocabularies are used both at the
discovery level and the data level to describe the content. Discovery level
metadata must identify the convention used and the convention has to be
available in machine readable format. The fallback solution for controlled
vocabularies is the Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) vocabularies. The
search model of the data management system is based on GCMD Science Keywords
for parameter identification through discovery metadata. The Nunataryuk data
management system can consume and expose discovery metadata provided in
ISO19115. GCMD keywords must be used to describe physical and dynamical
parameters.

##  Making data openly accessible [FAIR data]

Nunataryuk will participate in the Pilot on Open Research Data in Horizon 2020
(OpenAIRE). All discovery metadata will be available through a web-based
search interface available through the central project website
(www.Nunataryuk.org). Some data may have temporal access restrictions (embargo
period). These will be handled accordingly. Valid reasons for an embargo
period on data are primarily for educational reasons, allowing Ph.D. students
to prepare and publish their work (2-3 years) and for publishing research
papers (around 1 year). Even if data will be constrained in the embargo
period, data will be shared internally in the project. Any disagreements on
access to data or misuse of data internally are to be settled by the
Nunataryuk Executive Board. Data will be openly accessible by the data
management system directly coupled to the Global Terrestrial Network for
Permafrost (GTN-P).

Most of the datasets produced by the project will also be stored in the data
repository PANGAEA (https://pangaea.de/). PANGAEA is a data publisher for
Earth and environmental science and hosted jointly by the Alfred Wegener
Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI) and the Center
for Marine Environmental Science (MARUM) at the University of Bremen. PANGAEA
provides long-term archiving of data, data publication and dissemination, as
well as scientific data management. One major advantage of PANGEA is that it
provides each dataset with a bibliographic citation and a Digital Object
Identifier (DOI) allowing it to be identified, shared, published and cited. Is
is expected that more than 45 % of the project’s data will be provided with a
DOI identifier, 23 % will not and the remaining 32 % are yet undefined.

##  Making data interoperable [FAIR data]

In order to be able to reuse data, standardization is important. This implies
both standardization of the encoding/documentation, as well as the interfaces
to the data. Further up in the document, it is referred to documentation
standards widely used by the scientific communities. This includes encoding
gridded data output as NetCDF files, following the Climate and Forecast
convention or the WMO GRIB format. NetCDF files following the CF convention
are self-describing and interoperable. Application of the CF conventions
implies requirements on the structure and semantic annotation of data (e.g.
through identification of variables/parameters through CF standard names).
Irregular data will be mostly encoded in XLS, CSV and TXT formats which are
open and convenient in terms of data interoperability.

##  Increase data re-use (through clarifying licenses) [FAIR data]

Nunataryuk promotes free and open data sharing in line with the Open Research
Data Pilot (OpenAIRE). Each dataset needs a license attached. The
recommendation in Nunataryuk is to use Creative Commons attribution license
for data (ee https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ for details).
Nunataryuk data should be delivered in a timely manner meaning without un-due
delay. Any delay, due or un-due, shall not be longer than one year after the
dataset is finished. Discovery metadata shall be delivered immediately.
Nunataryuk is promoting free and open access to data. Some data may have
constraints (e.g. on access or dissemination) and may be exclusively available
for project participants. Details will be evaluated during the project. The
quality and information about the quality of each dataset is the
responsibility of the Principal Investigator.

#  Allocation of resources

In the current situation it is not possible to estimate the cost for making
Nunataryuk data FAIR. Part of the reason is that this work is relying on
existing functionality at the contributing data centers and that this
functionality has been developed over years. The cost of preparing the data in
accordance with the specifications and initial sharing is covered by the
project. Maintenance of this over time is covered by the business models of
the data centers. In the current situation there is no overview of the costs
of long-term preservation of data as this is the responsibility of the
contributing data centers and the business model for these differs. This
information will be updated in further versions of the DMP.

#  Data security

Data security relies on the existing mechanisms of the contributing data
centers. Nunataryuk recommends ensuring the communication between the data
management system and users with secure HTTP. Concerning the internal
security, Nunataryuk recommends the best practices from the Open Archival
information System (OAIS). The technical solution will vary between data
centers, but most data centers have solutions using automated check sums and
replication.

#  Ethical aspects

Nunataryuk is transdisciplinary in nature, involving a large socio-economic
component, and intrinsically user and stakeholder driven. Therefore, ethical
principles are considered central in the design of the project and their
proper processing will be essential for the successful implementation and
dissemination of the project. While the project will not raise any highly
sensitive data, the involvement of human beings and collection of personal
data has a potential to raise general ethical concerns. In order to minimize
the potential, the project will meet the highest established ethical standards
in science and research and follow, inter alia, the European Charter for
Researchers, The Code of Conduct for the Recruitment of Researchers and EC
regulations personal data processing. The research groups involved will
follow, where applicable and available, international and national ethical
research principles, national legal regulations on personal data as well as
any applicable local legislation. Also, voluntary informed consent of the
research participants will be obtained in all cases. The project will not
involve persons unable to give informed consent apart from occasional
interviews/questionnaires with children, in which cases the informed consent
will be obtained from their parents or legal guardians. Data will be
collected, stored, protected and disposed of according to the applicable
national and local regulations. In addition, all research, independent from
the field site location, will comply with the Directive 95/46/EC of the
European Parliament and of the Council of 24 October 1995 on the protection of
individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free
movement of such data. All publication and dissemination of the projects data
will be done in a manner respecting the research participants right to privacy
and no link to actual persons will be included in such materials.