#  Research Data

Before illustrating the approach followed by the TEKNOAX 2.0 project with
respect to data management, it is worth to define research data and the key
principles for research data management. As a matter of fact, research data
refers to data that is collected, observed, or created within a project for
purposes of analysis and to produce original research results. Data are plain
facts. When they are processed, organized, structured and interpreted to
determine their true meaning, they become useful and they are called
information.

In a research context, research data can be divided into different categories,
depending on their purpose and on the process through which they are
generated. It is possible to have:

  * **Observational data** , which are captured in real-time, for example, sensor data, survey data, sample data. 

  

  * **Experimental data** , which derive from lab equipment and tests, for example resulting from fieldwork 

  

  * **Simulation data** , generated from physical or numerical models 

  

  * **Derived / compiled data** , which involves using existing data points, often from different data sources, to create new data through some sort of transformation, such an arithmetic formula or aggregation. 

  

Research data may include all of the following formats: text or word
documents, spreadsheets, laboratory notebooks, field notebooks, diaries,
questionnaire, transcripts, codebooks, audiotapes, videotapes, photographs,
films, test responses, slides, artifacts, specimen, samples, collection of
digital objects acquired and generated during the research process, data
files, database contents, models, algorithms, scripts, contents of software
application such as input, output, log files, simulations, methodologies and
workflows, standard operating procedures and protocols  1  .

In order to guarantee open access to research results, no confidential data
generated within the project could be made available in digital form.

##  Key principles for research data management

According to the “ _Guidelines on FAIR Data Management in Horizon 2020_ ”,
research data must be _findable_ , _accessible_ , _interoperable_ , _re-
usable_ 2  .

The FAIR guiding principles are reported in the following table  3  .  
  
<table>  
<tr>  
<th>

**FINDABLE**

</th>  
<th>

**F1** (meta)data are assigned a globally unique and eternally persistent
identifier

**F2** data are described with rich metadata

**F3** (meta)data are registered or indexed in a searchable resource

</th> </tr> </table>  
<table>  
<tr>  
<th>

</th>  
<th>

**F4** metadata specify the data identifier

</th> </tr>  
<tr>  
<td>

**ACCESSIBLE**

</td>  
<td>

**A1** (meta)data are retrievable by their identifier using a standardized
communications protocol

**A1.1** the protocol is open, free, and universally implementable

**A1.2** the protocol allows for an authentication and authorization
procedure, where necessary.

**A2** metadata are accessible, even when the data are no longer available

</td> </tr>  
<tr>  
<td>

**INTEROPERABLE**

</td>  
<td>

**I1** (meta)data use a formal, accessible, shared, and broadly applicable
language for knowledge representation

**I2** (meta)data use vocabularies that follow FAIR principles

**I3** (meta)data include qualified references to other (meta)data.

</td> </tr>  
<tr>  
<td>

**RE-USABLE**

</td>  
<td>

**R1** meta(data) have a plurality of accurate and relevant attributes.
**R1.1** (meta)data are released with a clear and accessible data usage
license

**R1.2** (meta)data are associated with their provenance

**R1.3** (meta)data meet domain-relevant community standards.

</td> </tr> </table>

##  Roadmap for data sharing

According to the aforementioned aspects, data management could be based on the
next elements  4  :

  * **Data set reference and name:** Identifier for the data set to be produced. In particular, in the framework of TEKNOAX 2.0, the technical data related to the laboratory tests of the new generation of axels, according to the internal ADR practices will be referred by using a code composed by the year and three progressive numbers (i.e 17-XXX-RP, 18-YYY-RP). A report will be associated to the data (in the code the presence of the report is identified by the acronym “RP”). 

  

  * **Data set description:** The data that will be generated or collected during TEKNOAX 2.0 project execution will be described, as well as its origin (in case it is collected), nature and scale and to whom it could be useful. Information on the existence (or not) of similar data and the possibilities for integration and reuse will be also included (see previous point, RP report). 

  

  * **Standards and metadata:** Reference to existing suitable standards of the discipline. If these do not exist, an outline on how and what metadata will be created has to be given. In the report, the standards used for the tests are mentioned. In particular, as far as the axels are concerned, standards are followed for the braking system whereas for the axles, internal non official procedures and custom made test machines will be used. 

  

  * **Data sharing** : Description of how data will be shared, including access procedures, embargo periods (if any), outlines of technical mechanisms for dissemination and necessary software and other tools for enabling re-use, and definition of whether access will be widely open or restricted to specific groups. The repository where data will be stored will be identified, if already existing, indicating in particular the type of repository (institutional, standard repository for the discipline, etc.). In case the dataset cannot be shared, the reasons for this should be mentioned (e.g. ethical, rules of personal data, intellectual property, commercial, privacy related, security-related). This point has a remarkable importance being the scope of TEKNOAX 2.0 project to launch a product into the market by 12 months after the end of the project, dataset will be in most of the case confidential in order do not provide a competitive advantage to competitors. 

  

  * **Archiving and preservation (including storage and backup):** Procedures that will be put in place for long-term preservation of the data shall be described. Indication of how long the data should be preserved, what is its approximated end volume, what the associated costs are and how these are planned to be covered. 

  

Since at month six not all data set has been generated yet (in particular, the
overall dataset related to the laboratory tests on axles will be completed by
the end of November 2017), the previous list has to be intended as a guideline
for data generated in the future. Obviously, the sharing of data will be
strictly linked to the level of confidentiality of the data itself.

#  Open access

Before deepening the aspects related to TEKNOAX 2.0 research data in chapter
5, in the following, an overview of “open access” and the consequent
contractual obligations are provided.

Open access can be defined as the practice of providing on-line free of charge
access to scientific information related to project outcomes. In the context
of R&D “scientific information” mainly refers to

  * **peer-reviewed scientific research articles** , if projects results are going to be disseminated in academic journals 

  

  * **research data** , that means not only data underlying the aforementioned scientific publications, but also any other data related to project activities, both processed or raw.  5 

  

Although there are no legally binding definitions of open access,
authoritative definitions appear in key political declaration such as the
_2002 Budapest Declaration_ and the _2003 Berlin Declaration_ . Under these
definitions, “access” includes the right to read, download and print, but also
to copy, distribute, search, link, crawl and mine the aforementioned data,
provided that obligations to confidentiality, security and protection of
personal data are ensured and the achievements of TEKNOAX 2.0 objectives,
including the future exploitability of results, are not jeopardized.

Open access is not a requirement to publish, but it is seen by the European
Commission as an approach to facilitate and improve the circulation of
information in the European research area and beyond. Open access to data
generated in projects funded by the European commission is the key to lower
barriers for accessing publicly-funded research, as well as to demonstrate and
share the potential of research activities supported with the help of public
funding.

##  Open Access in the Grant Agreement

The importance given by the European Commission to the open access issue is
clearly outlined in the TEKNOAX 2.0 Grant Agreement. Particularly, Article
29.2 and 29.3 states the responsibilities of beneficiaries and the actions to
be undertaken in order to ensure open access to scientific publications and to
research data respectively. The text of the aforementioned articles is
reported below  6

###  _Article 29.2: Open access to scientific publications_

_Each beneficiary must ensure open access (free of charge, online access for
any user) to all peer-reviewed scientific publications relating to its
results._

_In particular, it must:_

  1. _as soon as possible and at the latest on publication, deposit a machine-readable electronic copy of the published version or final peer-reviewed manuscript accepted for publication in a repository for scientific publications;_

  

  

_Moreover, the beneficiary must aim to deposit at the same time the research
data needed to validate the results presented in the deposited scientific
publications._

  2. _Ensure open access to the deposited publication — via the repository — at the latest: I. on publication, if an electronic version is available for free via the publisher, or II. within six months of publication (twelve months for publications in the social sciences and humanities) in any other case._

  

  3. _Ensure open access — via the repository — to the bibliographic metadata that identify the deposited publication._

  

  

_The bibliographic metadata must be in a standard format and must include all
of the following:_

_-the terms "European Union (EU)" and "Horizon 2020"_

_-the name of the action, acronym and grant number;_

_-the publication date, and length of embargo period if applicable, and_

_-a persistent identifier._

###  _Article 29.3: open access to research data_

_Regarding the digital research data generated in the action (‘data’), the
beneficiaries must:_

  1. _deposit in a research data repository and take measures to make it possible for third parties to access, mine, exploit, reproduce and disseminate — free of charge for any user — the following:_

    1. _the data, including associated metadata, needed to validate the results_

  
  

  

  

_presented in scientific publications as soon as possible;_

  2. _other data, including associated metadata, as specified and within the deadlines laid down in the data management plan (see Annex I);_

  

  

  2. _provide information — via the repository — about tools and instruments at the disposal of the beneficiaries and necessary for validating the results (and — where possible — provide the tools and instruments themselves)._

  

  

It is relevant to underline also the following clauses:

_This does not change the obligation to protect results in Article 27, the
confidentiality obligations in Article 36, the security obligations in Article
37 or the obligations to protect personal data in Article 39, all of which
still apply._

_As an exception, the beneficiaries do not have to ensure open access to
specific parts of their research data if the achievement of the action's main
objective, as described in Annex 1, would be jeopardized by making those
specific parts of the research data openly accessible. In this case, the data
management plan must contain the reasons for not giving access._

The confidentiality aspects have been duly taken into account in the
preparation of this document in order to not compromise the protection of
project results and legitimate interests of project partners. Special
attention in this context has been paid in particular by the project
coordinator ADR whose objective is to launch thanks to TEKNOAX 2.0 innovative
axles in the market in the near future after the end of the project.

##  Open Access Research Data Pilot

Projects starting from January 2017 are by default part of the Open Research
Data Pilot, launched by the EC in the context of the Horizon 2020 framework
programme. The aim of the pilot is to improve and maximise access to and re-
use of data generated by research projects, which are usually small sets,
spread across repositories all over Europe.

The pilot is an excellent opportunity to stimulate and nourish the data-
sharing ecosystem and has the potential to connect researchers interested in
sharing and re-using data with the relevant services within their institutions
(library, IT services), data centres and data scientists. The pilot is
intended to promote the value of data sharing to both researchers and funders,
as well as to forge connections between the various players in the ecosystem.

Being part of the ORDP, the TEKNOAX 2.0 consortium commits itself to undertake
all the necessary actions where possible to be compliant with the
aforementioned principles by respecting on the other side the IPR protection
constrains. A brief description of such provisions is provided in the next
section.

###  Enabling projects to register, discover, access and re-use research data

In order to comply with the principles which underpin the Open Research Data
Pilot, researchers are expected to provide answers to key issues such as
“what”, “where”, “when”, “how” and “who”.  6

**WHAT:** The Open Data Pilot covers all research data and associated metadata
resulting from EC-funded projects, if they serve as evidence for publicly
available project reports and deliverables and/or peer reviewed publications.
To support discovery and monitoring of research outputs, metadata have to be
made available for all datasets, regardless of whether the dataset itself will
be available in Open Access. Data repositories might consider supporting the
storage of related project deliverables and reports, in addition to research
data.

**WHERE** : All research data has to be registered and deposited into at least
one open data repository. This repository should: 1) provide public access to
the research data, where necessary after user registration; 2) enable data
citation through persistent identifiers; 3) link research data to related
publications (eg. journals, data journals, reports, working papers); 4)
support acknowledgement of research funding within metadata elements; 5) offer
the possibility to link to software archives; 6) provide its metadata in a
technically and legally open format for European and global re-use by data
catalogues and third-party service providers based on wide-spread metadata
standards and interoperability guidelines. Data should be deposited in trusted
data repositories, if available. These repositories should provide reliable
long-term access to managed digital resources and be endorsed by the
respective disciplinary community and/or the journal(s) in which related
results will be published (e.g., Data Seal of Approval, ISO Trusted Digital
Repository Checklist).

**WHEN** : Research data related to research publications should be made
available to the reviewers in the peer review process. In parallel to the
release of the publication, the underlying research data should be made
accessible through an Open Data repository. If the project has produced
further research datasets (i.e. not necessarily related to publications) these
should be registered and deposited as soon as possible, and made openly
accessible as soon as possible, at least at the point in time when used as
evidence in the context of publications.

**HOW** : The use of appropriate licenses for Open Data is highly recommended

**WHO** : Responsibility for the deposit of research data resulting from the
project lies with the project coordinator (delegated to project partners where
appropriate).

##  Research Data Repositories

The TEKNOAX 2.0 project website is provided with a Private Document Section

( _http://www.teknoax2dot0.eu/private-documents_ )  representing a repository
that includes all the main project documents produced by the consortium in
their consolidated version, and any other private document exchanged by
partners. Only registered users (project partners) can access this area and
new users can be generated only by administrator.

The private area of the TEKNOAX 2.0 project website facilitates and enhances
the information flow among the partners. Particular attention will be paid to
the confidential and/or sensitive data and the consortium will not disclose or
share this information to third parties. For very sensitive data, ADR will use
internal repositories and if not necessary, this data will not be shared even
with the consortium but relative data will be provided instead (e.g percentage
of improvement etc.).

Concerning the open access of discoverable data, an analysis of the potential
options was carried out by the TEKNOAX 2.0 consortium.

One of the possibilities is to use **ZENODO** (http://www.zenodo.org/), the
cost free open access repository of **OpenAIRE** (the Open Access
Infrastructure for Research in Europe, https://www.openaire.eu/). The goal of
OpenAIRE portal is to make as much European funded research output as possible
available to all. Institutional repositories are typically linked to it.
Moreover, dedicated pages per project are visible on the OpenAIRE portal,
making research output (whether it is publications, datasets or project
information) accessible through the portal. This is possible due to the
bibliographic metadata that must accompany each publication.

Other possible repositories will be investigated at subsequent stage of the
project, depending on the particular characteristics of the dataset by taking
advantage of the **re3data** search engine (http://www.re3data.org/).
Re3data.org is a global registry of research data repositories that covers
research data repositories from different academic disciplines. It presents
repositories for the permanent storage and access of data sets to researchers,
funding bodies, publishers and scholarly institutions.

#  Publications

According to the TEKNOAX 2.0 Grant Agreement, participants have the obligation
to disseminate their results as soon as possible, unless it goes against their
legitimate interests and according to any necessary restriction aimed to
protection of results and confidentiality. Protecting results is indeed
crucial, since their premature disclosure can destroy the participants’
chances of being granted intellectual property rights, in particular when
dealing with patents and utility models that require novelty. No scientific
publication on peer reviewed journals are foreseen within the TEKNOAX 2.0
project. Actually, the consortium does not include Universities of Research
Centers being the project oriented to bring together complementary expertise
able to launch in the market new products/services (new generation of axels
and platform enabling innovative services) by 36 months from the grant.

However, in order to disseminate project results, some articles will be
published in topicspecific journals in order to pave the way to the future
exploitation and commercialization. Prior to any dissemination activity and/or
publication other partners shall be consulted in order for them to exercise
their right to object in the case where such dissemination could cause
significant harm to their background or results. In particular, at least 45
days prior notice of any dissemination activity shall be given to the other
beneficiaries concerned who, within 30 days, may object about the
dissemination activity.

The publications will be made available in apposite repositories in order to
have the maximum impact.

#  Teknoax 2.0 research data

TEKNOAX 2.0 project is funded by the Fast Track to Innovation Pilot scheme,
which provides funding for bottom-up proposals for close-to-market innovation
activities. Being the main objective of this funding scheme to bring on the
market the innovation proposed within three years from the beginning of the
project, even more attention must be paid to the kind of data shared while the
project is still ongoing, in order to not jeopardize market uptake and
exploitation of project outcomes.

In section 1.3 of TEKNOAX 2.0 DoA (Description of Actions), it is stated that
the innovation potential and market competitive advantage of the solution
proposed lies in the combination of three different innovations, listed below

  * A monolithic hollow shape axle obtained through an innovative mechanical production process 

  

  * A system bringing intelligence onto axles 

  

  * A collaborative ICT Platform and communication system as interface of end-users with manufacturers 

  

Research data linked to the development and testing phase of the
aforementioned innovations will not be made accessible in order to not
compromise the exploitation of results. This aspect is reflected also in the
dissemination level of the corresponding deliverables, which remain
confidential until the end of the project.

However, it is worthwhile to point out that the project focuses more on the
manufacturing and testing process of the intelligent axles than on the
production of research or observational data and so the amount of Research
Data that are going to be produced is limited, at least at this stage of the
project.

In the next section, a tentative description of the expected project datasets
is provided, together with a preliminary indication on their confidentiality.

##  Research data types

The following table reports a tentative list of the research data types that
will be produced by the TEKNOAX 2.0 project. A description of each dataset is
given in the following sections of the present document.  
  
<table>  
<tr>  
<th>

**WP**

</th>  
<th>

</th>  
<th>

**Main Activities**

</th>  
<th>

**Research Dataset**

</th>  
<th>

**Confidential**

</th> </tr>  
<tr>  
<td>

**2**

</td>  
<td>





</td>  
<td>

Definition of end users needs and features to be considered for further
development and customization of the novel axle

Test campaigns to set optimal values for manufacturing processes

</td>  
<td>

Axles technical specifications

</td>  
<td>

no

</td> </tr>  
<tr>  
<td>

End user needs, market demand and future development

</td>  
<td>

no

</td> </tr>  
<tr>  
<td>

</td>  
<td>





</td>  
<td>

Re-design of the clamping system

Check of the new technology compliance with technical standards

</td>  
<td>

Test results on axles for the refinement and optimization of the manufacturing
process

</td>  
<td>

yes

</td> </tr>  
<tr>  
<td>

3

</td>  
<td>







</td>  
<td>

To define TEKNOAX 2.0 platform architecture and specifications of its main
components

To test platform functionalities in a laboratory environment

To validate platform lab results in an operating environment

</td>  
<td>

Platform sensing and functional requirements

</td>  
<td>

yes

</td> </tr>  
<tr>  
<td>

Data collected by axles

</td>  
<td>

yes

</td> </tr>  
<tr>  
<td>

Test procedures and results

</td>  
<td>

yes

</td> </tr>  
<tr>  
<td>

4

</td>  
<td>





</td>  
<td>

To perform tests on a trailer equipped for trials in real working conditions

To circulate surveys and to perform training sessions in order to collect
feedbacks from end users on axles and platform performances

</td>  
<td>

Validation of performances: test results in relevant operational environment

</td>  
<td>

no

</td> </tr> </table>

Any change in the expected results will be reported directly in the
deliverable associated to the specific task or in the periodic report.

###  Axles technical specifications and optimization of manufacturing process

This dataset consists of:

  * Requirements from the point of view of the axles manufacturers (production-related) and end-users 

  

  * Market needs 

  

  * Mechanical requirements and technical specifications  Laboratory testing: 

    * vertical fatigue tests 

  

    * spindle tests 

  

    * 3 or 4 point bending tests 

  

    * Hub Endurance tests 

  

    * Life test for Bearing 

  

  

The above dataset are considered confidential except for the market needs

###  Platform sensing and functional requirements

This dataset consists of:

 Tests and data connected to the repository of the TEKNOAX 2.0 Platform
(confidential)

###  Validation of performances

This dataset consists of:

  * Data related to on-field testing (confidential) 

  

  * Data related to validation in relevant operational environment (public) 

  

#  Conclusions

The present document has intended to outline a preliminary strategy for the
management of data generated throughout TEKNOAX 2.0 project. Considering that
this deliverable is due at month six, few data sets has been generated yet, so
it is possible that in the future some aspects outlined in the present
document will need to be refined or adjusted. This initial data management
plan has however demonstrated that the consortium fully commits itself to
comply with open access requirements. Moreover, a tentative list of dataset
has been generated, showing the soundness of the concepts that the projects
aims to develop and demonstrate.

_This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020
research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 737848._

_This report reflects only the author's view and the Agency is not responsible
for any use that may be made of the information it contains._