Wikipedia:Partially disambiguated page names (WP:PDAB)

An ambiguous title is an article title that applies to more than one topic described on Wikipedia.  Sometimes one of those topics is considered the primary topic for that ambiguous title, and the article for that use is placed at the plain base name title (e.g., Paris is an article about the capital city of France), or if another title is preferred for the article, the plain base name is made to redirect to the preferred title (e.g., Hurricane redirects to Tropical cyclone). In other cases there is no primary topic, and a disambiguation page is placed at the title (e.g., Thriller is a disambiguation page). Normally the other non-primary uses are placed at titles that are disambiguated naturally (see WP:NATURALDIS), or with a comma (e.g., Paris, Texas), or parenthetically (e.g., Mercury (planet)). Sometimes titles with a commonly used qualifier remain at least somewhat ambiguous. For example, there are 9 different albums and an EP named Thriller that are discussed on Wikipedia, so the name Thriller (album) is somewhat ambiguous. Some editors call these partially disambiguated titles (PDABs), or incompletely disambiguated titles (WP:INCDAB or WP:INCOMPDAB). The main question about PDABs is whether a PDAB itself can have a primary topic. In the example of Thriller (album), there is one album that is very well known and is considered much more highly notable than the others. A request for comments concluded on 3 September 2019 that PDABs can have primary topics, but that "the standard for making disambiguated titles such as Foo (bar) a primary topic among all Foo's that are bars should be tougher than the standard for titles that don't have any disambiguator". The Wikipedia guideline section known as WP:INCDAB or WP:INCOMPDAB was modified to reflect this. WP:INCDAB was previously less specific about this issue. For example, as of December 2017, it said only that "When a more specific title is still ambiguous, but not enough so to call for double disambiguation, it should redirect back to the main disambiguation page (or a section of it).  This aids navigation, and helps editors to avoid creating new articles under the ambiguous title by accident. Such redirects should be marked with {{R from incomplete disambiguation}}." Further back in time, there was a period of a few months in 2013 when the wording of the guidelines included a stronger discouragement of PDABs having primary topics –  e.g., at one point it directly said that "Only non-disambiguated terms are eligible to have primary topics."  Central to disagreements about PDABs is whether the principle of WP:PRIMARYTOPIC applies to incompletely disambiguated titles. The quintessential example is whether Thriller (album) should lead to the Michael Jackson album named Thriller or to the disambiguation page at Thriller. As of this writing, it is an article about the Michael Jackson album, which some editors say indicates that the album is recognized by the community to be the primary topic for the term "Thriller (album)". There is also the point that any phrase which can be the title of a dab page could also be a potential candidate for having a primary topic, and does have a primary topic if one of the uses on that page meets the WP:PRIMARYTOPIC criteria for that title relative to the other uses on that page. Others feel that since the WP:PRIMARYTOPIC section does not specifically reference incompletely disambiguated titles like Thriller (album), the concept of "primary topic" doesn't apply to such titles, and so the Michael Jackson album cannot be said to be a proper "primary topic" for this term. The fundamental question is whether a given PDAB title should be used as the title of an article (or should be a redirect to one specific article) in cases where there is one topic that is arguably the "primary topic" for the PDAB title. If WP:PRIMARYTOPIC does not apply to PDABs, how do we decide whether a PDAB title in question should be the title of a specific article (or a redirect to such an article) or a disambiguation page (or a redirect to a disambiguation page)? Former WP:Disambiguation guideline content on this issue was established by this May 2013 Village pump policy discussion, which concluded that only non-disambiguated terms should be eligible to have primary topics. However, its wording or inclusion in the Wikipedia:Disambiguation editing guideline was disputed. Concurrently with a September 2013 discussion at Wikipedia talk:Disambiguation, that conclusion was removed from the guideline, for lack of consensus. See also: The shortcut's redirect for discussion. Additionally, following a Request for Comment discussion, it was concluded in June 2016 that PDABs should sometimes be used for song and album articles when there are no other standalone articles sharing the same song or album name. Films are treated differently from songs and albums. The WP:PRIMARYFILM guideline says not to use "(film)" as partial disambiguation.  Partially disambiguated titles:  Only non-disambiguated terms are eligible to have primary topics. Parenthetically disambiguated titles that remain ambiguous are not considered to have a primary topic on Wikipedia. For example, Party (album) can refer to Party (Iggy Pop album), Party (Nick Swardson album), and Party (Pet Shop Boys album), therefore Party (album) redirects to Party (disambiguation); neither article should be considered the primary topic for "Party (album)" because that title employs parenthetical disambiguation. While a partially disambiguated term should not serve as the title of an article, it can redirect to an article in cases when such redirection does not introduce additional ambiguity. For example, New York (city) redirects to New York City, which is only one of several cities called "New York"; however, the term "New York City" does not employ parenthetical disambiguation and that title can itself refer to all the other cities called "New York" as well, therefore no additional ambiguity is introduced by New York (city) redirecting there.  Partially disambiguated page names:  If a page name containing a parenthetical qualifier is still ambiguous, it might not be a suitable article title. In such an instance, a more precise qualifier should be used. For example, Party (album) is insufficiently precise because Party (Iggy Pop album), Party (Nick Swardson album), and Party (Pet Shop Boys album) exist. Therefore, Party (album) has no primary topic and serves as a redirect to Party (disambiguation), tagged {{R from incomplete disambiguation}}. With some naming conventions, it is appropriate to redirect a partially disambiguated term to an article. If so, a hatnote directing readers to other possible targets (or a disambiguation page) should be used.  The following is a manually updated list of article titles with parenthetical partial disambiguation on the English language Wikipedia. Note that about half of these are WP:TWODABS situations, as the threshold for a topic to be considered primary in such a situation may be somewhat lower than when there are more than two candidate topics. (actor) or (actress)  Rahman (actor), an Indian actor – also Rahman (Bengali actor) (see also WP:TWODABS, RM closed as not moved 30 October 2022, page view ratio more than 200:1) David Ross (actor), a British actor – also David Ross (actor, born 1728) (see also WP:TWODABS, no record of article title discussion, 180:1 pageview ratio) Jane Seymour (actress) (an English-American actress) – also Jane Seymour (Canadian actress) (second actress identified as Canadian although most of her life and all of her career were in the U.S., see also WP:TWODABS, RM discussion closed as not moved 24 January 2023, more than 100:1 pageview ratio) Robert Shaw (actor), a British actor – also Robert Gottschall, a relatively obscure American actor who was sometimes, although not consistently, called Robert Shaw (see also WP:TWODABS, RM closed as moved to the  PDAB title 23 August 2017 noting the obscurity and inconsistent crediting of the American actor, proposal to move to simply Robert Shaw failed 6 May 2021 due to lack of clearly greater notability than all the 33 other Robert Shaw topics combined, pageview ratio more than 500:1)(album)  Born This Way (album) (by Lady Gaga) – also Born This Way (Cookie Crew album) and Born This Way: The Remix Graduation (album) (by Kanye West) – also Graduation (Deen album) and Graduation: Singles (RM closed as not moved 19 October 2022) My Generation (album) (by The Who) – also My Generation: The Very Best of The Who and Sakura Gakuin 2012 Nendo: My Generation in the Sakura Gakuin discography (title never discussed, the Best of topic is clearly derivative and both other topics are only a partial title match) Reputation (album) (by Taylor Swift) – also Reputation (Dusty Springfield album) (see also WP:TWODABS, RM closed as moved to the PDAB title 21 December 2021, not moved 20 October 2022 after another RM, 56:1 pageview ratio) Thriller (album) (by Michael Jackson) – also eight other albums and one EP named Thriller (and an album named Thr!!!er) listed at Thriller § Music (RM closed as moved to the PDAB title 13 November 2019 after seven RM discussions that were all about whether partial disambiguation was preferred or not)(band)  Alabama (band) (an American band) – also Alabama (Canadian band) (see also WP:TWODABS; RM closed as not moved 26 March 2019, 100:1 pageview ratio) Bond (band) (an Australian/British string quartet) – also Bond (Canadian band) (see also WP:TWODABS; no discussion since the other article was created, 62:1 pageview ratio) Caravan (band) (an English band) – also Caravan (Thai band) (see also WP:TWODABS, RM closed 30 October 2022 with no consensus, 39:1 pageview ratio) Eagles (band) (an American band) – also a fictional band called Eagles in Love Forever (film) and a similarly named American group The Eagles (rhythm and blues group) and a similarly named UK group The Eagles (British band) (the only other one that is an exact title match being barely mentioned and not having an article) Exodus (band) (an American band) – see also Exodus (Polish band) (see also WP:TWODABS; more than 100:1 pageview ratio; RM closed as moved to the partially disambiguated name 20 October 2022) Fox (band) (an English band) – also an Australian band that recorded the album What the Hell Is Going On? (see also WP:TWODABS) Free (band) (an English band) – three other bands with similar or identical names at Free (disambiguation) (more than 10:1 pageview ratio over the others combinded, which are primarily known by somewhat different names, RM closed as not moved 16 August 2022) Genesis (band) (an English band) – also Génesis (band) and the original name of Vixen (band) (see also WP:TWODABS; the accent is a distinguishing feature, and Vixen may not have been notable when they were called Genesis, 440:1 pageview ratio between the non-accented and accented bands) Hanson (band) (an American band) – also Hanson (British band) (see also WP:TWODABS; no RM discussion history, unstable but high pageview ratio) Kiss (band) (an American band) – also Kiss (South Korean group) (see also WP:TWODABS; RM closed as not moved 13 January 2016, the South Korean group was not exactly a band, 85:1 pageview ratio) Kingdom Come (band) (an American/German band) – also Kingdom Come (British band) (see also WP:TWODABS; no RM discussion history, 6:1 pageview ratio) Nirvana (band) (an American band) – also Nirvana (British band) and Nirvana 2002 (RM closed as not moved 15 May 2013 and again 6 November 2018, 53:1 pageview ratio relative to the other two combined) Oasis (band) (a 1990s English band) – also Oasis (American band) and Oasis (1980s band) (another English band) (no discussion of the PDAB issue is evident, more than 100:1 pageview ratio versus the other two combined) Scooter (band) (a German techno music group) – also Scooter (Belgian band) (see also WP:TWODABS; no RM discussion history, 99:1 pageview ratio) The Bees (band) (an English band) –  also The Bees (American band) (see also WP:TWODABS; no RM discussion history, 22:1 pageview ratio)(cricketer)  Steve Smith (cricketer) (an Australian cricketer born in 1989) – also Steve Smith (cricketer, born 1961) and Stephen Smith (cricketer) (RM closed as no consensus 23 July 2019; 88:1 pageview ratio versus the other two combined) James Anderson (cricketer) (an English cricketer born in 1982) – also James Anderson (Australian cricketer) and Duncan Anderson, an Australian  cricketer who was also known as James Anderson (RM closed as not moved 16 September 2022)(film)  This is contrary to WP:PRIMARYFILM. Rustin (film) (an upcoming film produced by Barack and Michelle Obama's production company to be shown on Netflix) – also the name of a 2001 film that starred Rick Johnson (quarterback) (see also WP:TWODABS; the other film is only a subtopic and doesn't seem very notable, although some famous people were involved in it, RM closed as moved to the PDAB name 23 October 2022) Willow (film) (a 1988 American film) – also Willow (2019 film) (see also WP:TWODABS; RM discussion closed 11 December 2022 with no consensus to move) Yogi (2009 film) (an Indian Tamil-language film) – also Yogi (2009 Kannada film) (RM discussion closed 30 August 2022 with no consensus to move)(magazine)  People (magazine) (an American magazine) – also People (Australian magazine) (see also WP:TWODABS, 84:1 pageview ratio) Vanity Fair (magazine) – four other magazines at Vanity Fair (disambiguation) and an article about the family at Vanity Fair (magazines) (21:1 pageview ratio between the current magazine and the family of magazines) Punch (magazine) – also Punch (Danish magazine), Adelaide Punch, Melbourne Punch and Sydney Punch (no discussion of the title evident)(opera)  Faust (opera) (by Gounod) – also Faust (Spohr) (see also WP:TWODABS; 37:1 pageview ratio) Lohengrin (opera) (by Wagner) – also Lohengrin (Sciarrino) (see also WP:TWODABS; 100:1 pageview ratio) Macbeth (opera) (by Verdi) – also Macbeth (Bloch) (see also WP:TWODABS; 28:1 pageview ratio)(song)  "Poker Face" (song) (by Lady Gaga) – also "Poker Face" (Ayumi Hamasaki song) and two other songs listed at Poker face (RM closed as moved to the PDAB title on 10 November 2021; 37:1 pageview ratio) "Respect" (song) (written and originally recorded by Otis Redding, popularized by Aretha Franklin) – also "Respect" (Alliance Ethnik song), "Respect" (Joel Turner song) and others at Respect (disambiguation) (no discussion of the title evident) "Rio" (song) (by Duran Duran) – also "Rio" (Ledri Vula song) and three other songs at Rio (disambiguation)#Songs (no discussion of the title evident; more than 100:1 pageview ratio between the two song articles) "Shattered" (song) (by the Rolling Stones) – also "Shattered (Turn the Car Around)" (by O.A.R.) and five other songs listed at Shattered (RM discussion closed 24 January 2019 with no consensus to move, noting that the other song with an article is not an exact match for the complete title, 3:1 pageview ratio between the two song articles) "Stormy Weather" (song) (written by Harold Arlen and Ted Koehler, sung by various artists) – also "Stormy Weather" (Echo & the Bunnymen song) and at least three other songs at Stormy Weather (62:1 pageview ratio between the two articles) "What's Going On" (song) (by Marvin Gaye) – also "What's Going On" (Casey Donovan song), "What's Going On" (Taste song) and other songs at What's Going On (disambiguation) (RM closed as moved to the PDAB title 22 June 2022; 30:1 pageview ratio over those other two combined)Comma disambiguation (note this does not include places in the US, Australia and Canada, where comma disambiguation is considered somewhat part of the name)  Newport, Wales (a city in Wales) and Newport, Pembrokeshire (a town in Wales). This name was used partly due to the fact that a suitable alternative qualifier, such as Newport, Gwent or Newport, South Wales, was problematic (a 12:1 pageview ratio). Fleet, Hampshire (in Hart) and Fleet, Hayling Island (which is also in Hampshire) (more than 100:1 pageview ratio) Tunstall, Staffordshire (in Stoke-on-Trent) and Tunstall, Stafford (which also in Staffordshire) (both infrequently read topics, 37:1 pageview ratio)Other  Asuka (wrestler) (Japanese professional wrestler signed to WWE) – also Asuka (wrestler, born 1998) (see also WP:TWODABS, PDAB aspect never discussed, 12:1 pageview ratio) Willie Brown (American football) (Hall of Fame cornerback) – also Willie Brown (American football, born 1942) (RM closed as no consensus 1 January 2020, 27:1 pageview ratio) Donkey Kong (video game) (1981 arcade game) – also Donkey Kong (1994 video game) FX (TV channel) (American TV channel) – also FX (Asian TV channel), FX (Australian TV channel), FX (Canadian TV channel), FX (Greek TV channel), FX (Indian TV channel), FX (Italian TV channel), FX (Latin American TV channel); see also FX (international) Imperial (automobile) (marque used by Chrysler Corporation) – also Imperial (British automobile) (see also WP:TWODABS, no record of article title discussion, more than 200:1 pageview ratio) Joker (character) (by DC Comics) – also the name of video game characters  Joker (Persona) and Joker (Mass Effect) (long RM history, most recently not moved 15 November 2021) Lys (river) (a river in France and Belgium) – also Lys (Dora Baltea) (see also WP:TWODABS, RM closed as moved to the PDAB title 11 August 2017, 12:1 pageview ratio) Maple Leaf (train) (a New York-Toronto service 1981-present)  – also Maple Leaf (GTW train) and Maple Leaf (LV train) New York Giants (baseball) (a team in the National League, later moved to San Francisco) – also New York Giants (Players' League) (RM closed as moved to the PDAB title 16 May 2022) One Piece (TV series) (a Japanese anime series) – also One Piece (2023 TV series) (RM closed as not moved 14 January 2023) Portal (video game) (a 2007 game by Valve) – also Portal (1986 video game) Joe Smith (pitcher), a 2010s Major League pitcher – also Joe Smith (1910s pitcher), who played five games in the Negro leagues (RM closed as not moved 23 November 2021) Sonic the Hedgehog (1991 video game) – also Sonic the Hedgehog (8-bit video game) (also released in 1991, a result from a tricky RM on 14 December 2019, a subsequent RM was closed as not moved 22 February 2021, see also WP:TWODABS, 6:1 pageview ratio) The Boys (TV series) (Amazon Prime Video series debuting in 2019) – also The Boys (1993 TV series) (RM closed as moved 24 January 2022; 1000:1 pageview ratio) The Office (American TV series) (NBC sitcom from 2005 to 2013) – also The Office (1995 TV series) (see also WP:TWODABS; 60:1 pageview ratio) The Running Man (novel) (by Richard Bachman, alias of Stephen King) – also The Running Man (Bauer novel) (see also WP:TWODABS, 54:1 pageview ratio) Venom (character) (by Marvel Comics) – also the name of minor characters in Zookeeper, The Guild, Rounin, American Gladiators, and Guilty Gear.   === Song and album articles with no other standalone article === Following a Request for Comment discussion, it was concluded in June 2016 that when a song or album is the only song or album that has a standalone article on Wikipedia, but other songs or albums of the same name are listed on the disambiguation page for that name per MOS:DABMENTION, the article title of the song or album that has a standalone article should not include the artist name. This conclusion has since been included in a footnote of the guideline at WP:ALBUMDAB. The following is a manually updated list of such instances:  Addendum (album) (by John Maus) – also one other album at Addendum (disambiguation) (by Assemblage 23) Anti (album) (by Rihanna) – also Anti EP and another album listed at Anti "Blackstar" (song) (by David Bowie) – ten other songs at Black Star "Bitches" (song) (by Tove Lo) – three other songs called "Bitches" at Bitch "Cardigan" (song) (by Taylor Swift) – also another song on Heaven or Hell (Don Toliver album) "Chandelier" (song) (by Sia) – two other songs at Chandelier (disambiguation) "Chlorine" (song) (by  Twenty One Pilots) – two other songs at Chlorine (disambiguation) (RM closed as moved to the PDAB title 29 April 2021) "Civil War" (song) (by Guns N' Roses) – also a song on Captain America: Civil War (soundtrack) Cycle (album) (by the Paul Horn Quintet) – two other albums at Cycle (disambiguation), and various albums called Cycles' "Dandelion" (song) (by the Rolling Stones) – three other songs at Dandelion (disambiguation) Firepower (album) (by Judas Priest) – two other albums at Firepower (disambiguation) (RM closed as moved to the PDAB title 20 December 2018) "Flower Power" (song) (by Girls' Generation) – four other songs at Flower power (disambiguation) (RM closed as not moved 9 December 2013) "Greedy" (song) (by Ariana Grande) – five other songs at Greedy (disambiguation) Hello Hello (song) (by Superfly), nine other songs at Hello Hello with similar or identical titles "Helter Skelter" (song) (written by Paul McCartney, recorded by The Beatles) – at least five other songs at Helter Skelter "Highwire" (song) (by the Rolling Stones) – also a song by Gin Blossoms on the 1996 album Congratulations I'm Sorry "Homegrown" (song) (by the Zac Brown Band) – also a Neil Young song on American Stars 'n Bars and as the title track of Homegrown (Neil Young album) Hot Dog (album) (by Lou Donaldson) – one other album at Hot dog (disambiguation) "I Am Waiting" (song) (by the Rolling Stones) – eight other songs at I Am Waiting (disambiguation) "It's a Jungle Out There" (song) (by Randy Newman – also a song by Three Dog Night on the album It's a Jungle) "It's Time" (song) (by Imagine Dragons) – five other songs listed at It's Time, including the most popular song on an Elvis Costello album (RM closed as moved to the PDAB title on 28 July 2016) "Jolene" (song) (by Dolly Parton) – at least five other songs at Jolene Just in Time (album) (by Larry Willis) – two other albums listed at Just in Time Kids in Love (album) (by Kygo) – also another album at Kids in Love (by The Mowgli's) "Lady Jane" (song) (by the Rolling Stones) – also two other songs at Lady Jane Mr. Saturday Night (album) (by Jon Pardi) – also an album by Julian Velard "Piano Man" (song) (by Billy Joel) – three other songs listed at Piano Man "Pillowtalk" (song) (by Zayn) – three other "Pillowtalk" songs and five "Pillow Talk" songs at Pillow talk (disambiguation) "Pillow Talk" (song) (by Sylvia Robinson) – four other "Pillow Talk" songs and four "Pillowtalk" songs at Pillow talk (disambiguation) "Poison Ivy" (song) (by the Coasters) – also a song by the same name by Faster Pussycat on Wake Me When It's Over Proof (album) (by BTS) – two other albums listed at Proof Proof Positive (album) (by J. J. Johnson) – also an album by the same name by Steve Roach "Rocket Man" (song) (by Elton John) – two other songs listed at Rocket Man (RM closed as moved to the PDAB title on 17 December 2013) "Spinning" (song) (by No Rome, Charli XCX and The 1975 song) – three other songs by the same name at Spin "Sucker Punch" (song) (by Sigrid) – seven other songs listed at Sucker punch (disambiguation) "The Outside" (song) (by Twenty One Pilots) – also a song on Taylor Swift (album) "The Spider and the Fly" (song) (by the Rolling Stones) – also a song by Myra Taylor (singer) "Thriller" (song) (by Michael Jackson) – also a song on Thriller (Lambchop album) Twister (album) (by Unrest) – two other albums listed at Twister "Umbrella" (song) (by Rihanna) – six other songs listed at Umbrella (disambiguation) "Whenever" (song) (by Kris Kross Amsterdam and The Boy Next Door) – three other songs listed at Whenever "Willow" (song) (by Taylor Swift) – At least 5 other songs with the same title at Willow (disambiguation)The template {{Incomplete disambiguation}} should not be used in such articles. That template is intended for use only on disambiguation pages.  Among the options for how to categorize partially disambiguated article redirects are (multiple categories may be appropriate):  If the destination of the redirect is a disambiguation page, {{R from incomplete disambiguation}}, Category:Redirects from incomplete disambiguation; If the destination of the redirect is not a disambiguation page: {{R from other disambiguation}}, Category:Redirects from other disambiguation If the destination of the redirect is a longer name, {{R from short name}}, Category:Redirects from short names If mentioned in a hatnote of the target article, {{R mentioned in hatnote}} If the redirect resulted from a renaming, {{R from move}}, Category:Redirects from movesThe following is a manually updated list of WP:PRIMARYREDIRECT article redirects with parenthetical partial disambiguation on the English language Wikipedia. (album) (band)  The Eagles (band) – redirects to Eagles (band) – see also The Eagles (UK band) and The Eagles (rhythm and blues group) and the fictional band called Eagles in Love Forever (film) – note that The Eagles also redirects to Eagles (band) (more than 100:1 pageview ratio relative to the two other band articles)(film) (song) (TV series)  Wikipedia:WikiProject Disambiguation/Incomplete disambiguations