The opinion of the Court was delivered by
Mr. Justice Watts.
I dissent to the opinion of the Chief Justice. This being an action for specific performance, it is within the discretion of the Court whether it will decree it or not. The facts in the case are not such as will appeal to a Court of justice and good conscience that a decree should be made. Either party could breach the contract or option for sale if they saw proper to do so. I do not know of any law to prevent any person breaking a contract. When they do so they must respond in damages in so doing, if the aggrieved party sustains any. In the present case, if appellant broke his contract the respondent could sue him. Any damages he recovered, the appellant’s claim of homestead would be good against, as the contract entered into is simply to convey a-tract of land. It is not an alienation by deed or mortgage, but simply a contract to convey under certain conditions. Of course, if the Court is determined to decree specific performance then he will not have his plea of homestead, as made in this case, sustained.
The respondent did not enter into the contract to purchase a home, but the only inference from the evidence is that he was on the make. The special referee finds that the respondent has optioned the land off the last part of 1919 to Morrison for $1,900. He in turn has contracted to sell to O. C. Tyles. Whitten contracted to sell Schmid December 1, 1917. Schmid went into possession then, not as purchaser, but as a tenant, having given a rent sum to Whitten. So now we have, according to the finding of the master, three persons other than Whitten having some claim in the land. And if we are confronted with the same trouble about dower that Whitten and Schmid are having, between Schmid and Morrison, and Morrison and Tyles, we will have a nice mix-up. It shows the danger of “shoe-string title,” and it is rule of absurdity if .a Court of equity intends to decree specific performance in such cases, and lend their aid and assistance to enforcing such barefaced gambling and speculative contracts. One of the curses of the country at present is the gambling speculative craze, whereby a lot are out for easy money and a desire for quick riches.
There are a lot of good people engaged in the real estate business, legitimately buying and selling, but the case at bar presents no such features. I do not intend by my aid and assistance to encourage such wildcat, speculative craze, and bring about disaster. We had a case where the original purchase price was $10,000, and by subsequent “shoe-string sales” the'last purchaser agreed to give $45,000. The collapse came, and under foreclosure proceedings the property brought a little over $10,000. All persons who have the good of their community at heart deplore the loose way that these transactions are conducted, and want them done away with. Practically, no earnest money passed between appellant and respondent. Respondent does not claim to have put any valuable improvement on the land. He never offered to comply until he saw a profit in it, by option, to another.
If decree of specific performance is to be enforced, the Chief Justice is right in holding that what was said by parties was merged in the contract, but, at the same time, if it was an independent agreement that respondent was to pay the mortgage, then appellant was justified in breaching the contract. I am opposed to specific performance. Let the respondent sue on the law side for damages if he has sustained any. I know of no law whereby a married woman is required to renounce her dower. Por these reasons I think the decree appealed from should be reversed.
A majority of the Court concurring that the judgment should be reversed, it is reversed.
Mr. Justice Gage concurs.
Mr. Justice Praser. I concur. I do not think a Court' of equity should decree specific performance of contracts that are merely speculative.
After it was written, the opinion of Mr. Chief Justice Gary was treated as the dissenting opinion and the opinion of Mr. Justice Watts became the majority opinion.