The opinion of 'the Court was delivered by
Mr. Justice Gary.
The plaintiff in this action seeks to enjoin the defendant from obstructing its right of way.
At the trial, the plaintiff introduced in evidence the charter of the Spartanburg and Asheville Railroad 'Company, authorizing the company to construct a railroad from Spartanburg to the North Carolina line, in the direction of Ashe-ville, and vesting it “with al the rights', privileges and immunities granted to the Greenville and 'Columbia Railroad Company.”
The charter of the Columbia and Greenville Railroad Company, passed the 15th of December, 1845, litb Stoat., 348, was also introduced in evidence. Sections 9, 10 and 11 of the charter of the Greenville and Goillumbia Railroad Company provide for the mode and manner of acquiring land for its right of way and give to this company the power to take 'and acquire one hundred feet in width on each side of its roadway, measuring from the center of the track. The introduction of this charter in evidence was admitted against defendant’s objections.
This 'charter was -amended on the 19th of December, 1849, 1-ltb Stoat., 561, so as to give the company the right, if it desired to dt> so, to take a less quantity than one hundred feet in width on each side of their roadway.
The property and franchises -of the Spartanburg and Asheville Railroad 'Company were sold under foreclosure proceedings, and certificate filed in the Secretary of State’s office. 'By these proceedings the name was changed- from the Spartanburg and Asheville to the Asheville and Spartanburg Railroad Company.
By an act of the Legislature, approved the 19th of February, 1902, the Asheville and ’Spartanburg Railroad Oom pany was. 'Consolidated' with others under the name of the Southern Railway — 'Carolina Division, and this company was authorized to lease, and did lease, all of its property to the Southern Railway Company.
The Spartanburg and Asheville Railroad -Company, under its charter, Constructed its road from Spartanburg towards Asheville, to a point on the North) Carolina line, -and instead of condemning land for its right of way at Oampobelio, obtained a deed froml John Bankston Davis, through whom both the plaintiff and the defendant claim. This deed was dated the 13th day of July, 1847, and conveyed to. the Spartanburg and Asheville Railroad a strip of land two hundred feet in width; that is toi say, “all the fend 'contained within one hundred feet in width on each' side of the track or right of way of -any portion of the lot of land hereinafter described, through which said railroad miay be constructed, run and operated.”
D'avis died in 1888, leaving a will whereby he devised his land to his- niece, the wife of I. W. Wingo.
Mrs. Wingo, on the 20th of April, 189'6, conveyed all of the land which had been devised toi her by her uncle, to her husband, I. W. Wingo.
Oh the 27th of December, 1900, I. W. Wingo conveyed a part of the land which had been deeded to him by bis wife to J. D. Howell.
The description of the land in the deed! from Wingo to the defendant, Howell, is as follows: “Beginning at a stone in the center of Church' 'Street, in the 'line of W. W-. Gaimip-, and running with said line to a stone fifty feet from the center Of main line R. R. track, 5. 711-2 chs., thence .parallel with said R. R. 'and fifty feet from it, 10.09 .chis. to an iron pin near the depot, thence S'. 64 1-4 W. 1-6T chs. to a gum 3xN. M., thence SL 33 1-0 102 Chs. to a pin in center of Dlavis Street, etc.”
Wingo .and Howell each knew, when the land was conveyed to them respectively, that the railroad bad its main and side-tracks running through this land, and that it was operating its railroad iat that ¡time.
When Howell purchased; the land, the railroad was using the part involved in this suit as a driveway and yard, for the purpose osf allowing persons to haul wood, 'lumber, etc., and placing the same thereon for the purpose of being Shipped ¡over its road.
¡Sometime after -he purchased, Howell built a fence up to within fifty feet of the center of the main line of the railroad, and undertook to prevent people from driving over this, land unless they paid for the privilege.
Howell was requested to move this fence. This he failed and refused to do. This suit was then ¡brought to. obtain an injunction 'and to require him to remove the fence.
The defenses set up by the defendant are:
(1)’ A denial of the right of the plaintiff to any part of the land fenced in by the defendant.
(2) That he is an' innocent purchaser for value without notice.
(3) That the plaintiff is estopped from claiming any of this land as its right of Way, ¡by reason' oif the conduct of its agents and servants.
The jury rendered a verdict in favor of the plaintiff for the possession of the land in dispute, and the defendant appealed.
The first question that will be considered is, whether there was error on ¡the part of his Honor, the presiding judge, in ¡allowing the plaintiff to introduce in evidence the ¡charter of the Greenville and Columbia Railroad Company.
The Sipartanburg and Asheville Raliroad Comjpany was invested “with' ¡all the rights, privileges and immunities granted to the Greenville and' Columbia Railroad Gompany.” It was, 'therefore, necessary to introduce in ¡evidence the charter of the Greenville 'and 'Columbia Railroad Company in order to ascertain the rights', privileges and immunities conferred upon the Sipartanburg and Asheville Railroad Company. The exceptions raising this question are overruled'.
The next question for consideration is whether the defendant was a purchaser for valuable 'consideration without notice unJder the recording act, as there was a failure on the part of the Spartanburg andi Asheville Railroad Company toi record the deed executed in its favor -by John Bankston Davis.
The charter of the Greenville and Columbia Railroad Company provides-, “that in the absence o-f any written contract between the company and the owner o-r owners of the land through which' the -said railroad may be constructed, in relation to- said land, it shall be presumed that the land upon which! tine said railroad may be 'Constructed, together with one hundred feet on each side oif the center of said road, has been granted to the said company by the owner or owners thereof.”
The facts in the case are similar to those in Harmon v. R. R., 72 S. C., 228, 235, 51 S. E., 689, in which- the Court uses this language: “The plaintiff can not be regarded as a pur-chaser for valuable consideration without notice of the railroad company’s right of wlay, because he -hlad actual notice that the railroad was being operated through s-aid land at the time of hi-si purchase, and he had constructive notice, or is- presumed to 'have known, that the Company’s right of way, ini the absence of a written contract, -extended one hundred feet on each side of the center of its track. In any event, he had knowledge -of such facts -as- were -sufficient to put him on inquiry, which, if pursued with, dhre diligence, would have led to knowledge oif the -company’s rights, and thi-s is the equivalent of notice.”
The ruling of the Court in that -case is 'conclusive of the question under consideration, and shows that the exceptions assigning -error in this respect must be overruled.
The next question- to be determined is whether the presiding judge erred in ruling that the following letter, offered by tíre defendant, Was noit admissible in evidence, to wit r
“Charlotte, N. C., Oct. 2d, 1899.
“Mr. I. W. Wingo, Oampobello, S. C.
“Dear Sir: — 'Referring toi previous correspondence about our right of way alt Oamlpobella, it is miy understanding that we awn fifty feet on each side of miaim tack.
“Yours truly, W. B. Rider, Supt.”
The letter was in response to one from I. W. Wingo.
The -two grounds upon which the presiding judge ruled that the letter wia)s incompetent were (1) that it was. merely the expression of opinion on the part of Rider, and (2) that there was no evidence of his’having authority to bind'the company by making any 'Statement or admission as to its right of way.
There wlas 'much' testimony introduced as. to the power and authority of W. B. Rider, the superintendent, to bind the 'Company- 'by said letter.
In discussing the powers of a superintendent, the rule is thus stated in 1 Wood’s Railway Daw, Section 162: “He acts as the general agent of the directors, in the running and operation of the railroad, and is usually the .officer who¡ 'has-, at least, the general supervision of the employment oif the necessary help, and the immediate general management of all the business relating to the operation- of the road. He is employed or appointed by the directors, and within the scope of his duties' and powers, actual or implied, can bi-nd the corporation where the directors themselves, could dO' so. If, as is generally the case, the powers and duties, of a superintendent are not defined, then his .authority is to be measured by usage, and what he has been permitted to do by the corporation, 'and ‘the incidents thereof.”
In the case of Wilson v. Ry., 51 S. C., 79, 28 S. E., 91, the Court uses 'this language: “Whether an engineer, brakeman or switchman is, when exercising his ordinary duties, a fellow-servant with a car-cleaner, is a question of law. But Whether, in a particular case, either of them was engaged in performing certain acts which the law required oif ithie m|aster, and whichi would prevent them from being fellow-servants, is a question of fact, fro be determined by the jury. The question as to: who are fellow-servants is a mixed question of law and fact. It is for the Court to define the relation of fellow-servants, but it is for the jury to determine whether the employees, in a particular ’case, come within the definition-.”
As' a general rule the power oif a superintendent to. look after 'the company’s right of way is incidental to such office. But the question whether Rider Wa's authorized to write the said letter depended upon the facts oif the particular case, and should have been submitted to the jury.
We oani not accept .the construction of the presiding judge that the language of the letter indicated a mere opinion. It was intended to give information as to the boundary line between the lands of W'ingo and the plaintiff, and was in the nature of .an admission against interest. The defendant is in privity with Wingo, land succeeded to his rights. The exceptions raising the question, under consideration ‘are sustained.
The exceptions assigning error in refusing to allow the defendant to introduce testiimlony to show that .the plaintiff permitted either parties to- use its right of way, on the opposite side of the track, can not be sustained, as the rights of the defendant were not involved.
It is the judgment of this Court, that the judgment of the Circuit Court be reversed, ‘and .the case remanded for a new trial.