system: You are a legal assistant. Answer concisely and accurately. When legal text is provided, rely on it and do not invent facts.

user: Read the case excerpt and choose the best holding from the options. Case excerpt: in favor of their client. NY CLS Jud § 475. The charging lien of an attorney under § 475 comes into being at the commencement of an action or proceeding. In re Brooklyn Bridge Southwest Urban Renewal Project, 31 A.D.2d 895, 297 N.Y.S.2d 835 (1st Dept. 1969). A charging lien is based upon an equitable doctrine that an attorney should be paid out of proceeds of a judgment procured by him. Theroux v. Theroux, 145 A.D.2d 625, 536 N.Y.S.2d 151 (2d Dept.1988). Section 475 of the New York Judiciary Law is enforceable by federal courts. Itar-Tass Russian News Agency v. Russian Kurier, Inc., 140 F.3d 442, 448 (2d Cir.1998). An attorney is not entitled to a charging lien in cases in which he or she is discharged with cause. Artache v. Goldin, 173 A.D.2d 667, 570 N.Y.S.2d 238 (2d Dept.1991) (<HOLDING>); K.E.C. v. C.A.C., 173 Misc.2d 592, 599-600, Options: A. holding that if an attorney is discharged without cause he is entitled to a charging lien for the reasonable value of his services rendered prior to the date of the substitution of counsel where 1 his representation was entirely competent and successful up until his discharge 2 any potential conflict of interest was disclosed and the plaintiff chose to continue to be represented by the attorney and 3 the discharge of the attorney occurred solely because of a fee dispute B. holding that aln attorney who is employed under a contingent fee contract and discharged pri or to the occurrence of the contingency is limited to quantum meruit recovery for the reasonable value of the services rendered to the client and may not recover the full amount of the agreed contingent fee C. holding that waiver by attorney was binding upon the accused when before the state introduced the evidence complained of on appeal counsel for the state in the presence of the accused and his counsel stated the agreement and the evidence of the witness was then read to the jury in the presence of the accused and his counsel without objection D. holding that a conflict of interest independent of a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel constitute cause where the conflict caused the attorney to interfere with the petitioners right to pursue his 1 claim E. holding in the context of an attorney malpractice suit an insurance company is not vicariously liable for the acts of the attorney it selects to defend the insured while the insurer selected the attorney to defend the insureds and controlled the ultimate decision to settle or defend under the policy there is nothing in the record to indicate the insurer had any control over the details of the litigation as it was being conducted by the the attorney

assistant: The best answer is A. holding that if an attorney is discharged without cause he is entitled to a charging lien for the reasonable value of his services rendered prior to the date of the substitution of counsel where 1 his representation was entirely competent and successful up until his discharge 2 any potential conflict of interest was disclosed and the plaintiff chose to continue to be represented by the attorney and 3 the discharge of the attorney occurred solely because of a fee dispute