flwrlabs/fed-legal huggingface dataset:
system: You are a legal assistant. Answer concisely and accurately. When legal text is provided, rely on it and do not invent facts.

user: Read the case excerpt and choose the best holding from the options. Case excerpt: (“FL”) authorizes attorneys to intervene in a divorce action involving a former client to recover fees. Tydings & Rosenberg, LLP v. Zorzit, 422 Md. 582, 595-96, 30 A.3d 984 (2011). But the Grandparents haven’t cited, and we haven’t found, any legal authority to support the circuit court’s decision allowing them to intervene in the property distribution phase of the proceeding, nor have we found any other Maryland cases discussing a third party’s ability to intervene in a divorce in order to assert a money claim against either or both of the divorcing parties. Several other states’ courts have wrestled with this same question, and reached mixed results. Compare, e.g., Moore v. Moore, 247 Ga. 243, 275 S.E.2d 334, 335-36 (1981) (affirming the trial court’s grant of .2d 342, 343-44 (1992) (<HOLDING>), and Barrup, 111 A.3d at 426 (Skoglund, J. Options: A. holding that circuit court erred in failing to consider that marital property in the form of marital earnings was used to pay debt against nonmarital property B. holding that the court did not err in denying husbands parents motion to intervene where they allegedly loaned money for improvements to sons marital home and sought to assert interest in son and daughterinlaws marital home because the decree of dissolution would not determine the title of marital property in rem and parents failed to make a prima facie showing supporting their claim on the property C. holding that separate property may become marital property if spouse donates it to marital unit with intent at time of donation that property become marital D. holding trial court had no authority to award portion of the marital property to wifes children from another marriage even though money they received by way of social security benefits were commingled with the marital estate and used in part for the aequisition of marital property E. holding that home purchased with separate funds and titled in one spouses name was transmuted into marital property because home was used as marital residence and the other spouse contributed to payments and repairs on home

assistant: The best answer is B. holding that the court did not err in denying husbands parents motion to intervene where they allegedly loaned money for improvements to sons marital home and sought to assert interest in son and daughterinlaws marital home because the decree of dissolution would not determine the title of marital property in rem and parents failed to make a prima facie showing supporting their claim on the property
system: You are a legal assistant. Answer concisely and accurately. When legal text is provided, rely on it and do not invent facts.

user: Read the legal provision and list the applicable contract clause categories. Provision: Loan B Final Payment . Co-Borrowers shall pay to Horizon a payment in the amount of One Hundred Fifty Thousand Dollars ($150,000) (the “ Loan B Final Payment ”) upon the earlier of (A) payment in full of the principal balance of Term Loan B, (B) an Event of Default and demand by Horizon in writing of payment in full of Term Loan B or (C) the Term Loan Maturity Date, as applicable.

assistant: Terms
system: You are a legal assistant. Answer concisely and accurately. When legal text is provided, rely on it and do not invent facts.

user: Read the legal provision and list the applicable contract clause categories. Provision: Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries required or permitted to be provided hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed given and effective on the earliest of: (a) the date of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via facsimile at the facsimile number or email address as set forth on the signature pages attached hereto at or prior to 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on a Trading Day, (b) the next Trading Day after the date of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via facsimile at the facsimile number or email address as set forth on the signature pages attached hereto on a day that is not a Trading Day or later than 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on any Trading Day, (c) the second (2 nd ) Trading Day following the date of mailing, if sent by U.S. nationally recognized overnight courier service or (d) upon actual receipt by the party to whom such notice is required to be given. The address for such notices and communications shall be as set forth on the signature pages attached hereto.

assistant: Notices
system: You are a legal assistant. Answer concisely and accurately. When legal text is provided, rely on it and do not invent facts.

user: Read the case excerpt and choose the best holding from the options. Case excerpt: services exclusion” that excluded coverage for damage “due to the rendering or failure to render any professional, services or treatments.” 998 So.2d at 1153. The district court of appeals held that “[w]hether an act arises from the providing of a professional service is ‘determined by focusing upon the particular act itself,’ not the character of the individual performing the act.” 998 So.2d at 1154 (quoting Lindheimer v. St. Paul Fire & Marine Ins. Co., 643 So.2d 636, 638 (Fla. 3d Dist.Ct.App.1994)). “That the act or service occurred in a professional’s office is not determinative, the act or service must be causally connected to the professional service being provided.” Id. See also Estate of Tinervin v. Nationwide Mut. Ins. Co., 23 So.3d 1232 (Fla. 4th Dist.Ct.App.2009) (<HOLDING>). Similarly in Maryland Cas. Co. v. Smartcop, Options: A. holding that wife of doctor who misfiled patient tests was performing a professional service such that an insurance policy exclusion of claims arising out of the providing or failure to provide professional services applied B. holding that insurance company had duty to provide coverage for churchs negligent supervision of pastor under professional liability policy because policy did not contain clause excluding coverage for actions arising out of a criminal act or licentious immoral or sexual behavior C. holding that an arising out of exclusion applies to claims flowing from or growing out of the excluded activity D. holding that assault by employee against customer arising out of dispute concerning services that employee was performing not outside scope of employment as a matter of law E. holding evidence of apparent authority insufficient where patient sought services of particular doctor rather than services of hospital generally

assistant: The best answer is A. holding that wife of doctor who misfiled patient tests was performing a professional service such that an insurance policy exclusion of claims arising out of the providing or failure to provide professional services applied
system: You are a legal assistant. Answer concisely and accurately. When legal text is provided, rely on it and do not invent facts.

user: Read the following Terms of Service clause and list all applicable unfairness categories. If none apply, answer with None. Clause: if we delay exercising or fail to exercise or enforce any right available to us under these terms , such delay or failure does not constitute a waiver of that right or any other rights under these terms .

assistant: None
system: You are a legal assistant. Answer concisely and accurately. When legal text is provided, rely on it and do not invent facts.

user: Read the legal provision and list the applicable contract clause categories. Provision: In the event that any dividend or other distribution (whether in the form of cash, Shares, other securities, or other property, but excepting normal cash dividends), recapitalization, stock split, reverse stock split, reorganization, reincorporation, reclassification, merger, consolidation, split-up, split-off, spin-off, combination, repurchase, or exchange of Shares or other securities of the Company, or other change in the corporate structure of the Company affecting the Shares occurs, the Administrator, in order to prevent diminution or enlargement of the benefits or potential benefits intended to be made available under the Plan, will equitably adjust the number and class of shares of stock that may be delivered under the Plan and the number, class, and price of shares of stock covered by each outstanding Award, the numerical Share limits in Section 3 of the Plan and the per person numerical Share limits in Section 6. Notwithstanding the preceding, the number of Shares subject to any Award always shall be a whole number. Any fractional share resulting from an adjustment pursuant to this Section 15(a) shall be rounded down to the nearest whole number, and in no event may the exercise or purchase price under any Award be decreased to an amount less than the par value, if any, of the stock subject to such Award.

assistant: Adjustments
system: You are a legal assistant. Answer concisely and accurately. When legal text is provided, rely on it and do not invent facts.

user: Read the legal provision and list the applicable contract clause categories. Provision: By checking this box, the undersigned Existing Term Lender hereby (i) consents to the Fourth Incremental Term Facility Amendment to the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, (ii) agrees to convert (on a cashless basis) 100% of the outstanding principal amount of its Existing Term B Loans for 2017 B-1 Incremental Term Loans in an equal principal amount, (iii) acknowledges and agrees that its 2017 B-1 Incremental Term Loan Conversion Amount may be less than the full principal amount of its Existing Term B Loans which it elects to convert hereunder and (iv) constitutes a 2017 B-1 Incremental Term Lender.

assistant: Consents
system: You are a legal assistant. Answer concisely and accurately. When legal text is provided, rely on it and do not invent facts.

user: Read the legal provision and list the applicable contract clause categories. Provision: Each of the parties hereto acknowledges and agrees that the other parties would be damaged irreparably, and in a manner for which monetary damages would not be an adequate remedy, in the event any of the provisions of this Agreement are not performed in accordance with its specific terms or otherwise are breached. Accordingly, each of the parties hereto agrees that the other parties shall be entitled to an injunction or injunctions to prevent breaches of the provisions of this Agreement and to enforce specifically this Agreement and the terms and provisions hereof in any action instituted as provided in Section 5.6, in addition to any other remedy to which they may be entitled, at law or in equity and that each party hereto agrees to waive any requirements for the securing or posting of any bond or other security in connection with such remedy.

assistant: Enforcements
system: You are a legal assistant. Answer concisely and accurately. When legal text is provided, rely on it and do not invent facts.

user: Read the legal provision and list the applicable contract clause categories. Provision: This Agreement shall terminate upon the earlier of the expiration of the Shelf Period and such time as there are no Registrable Securities, except for the provisions of Section 2.5, 2.6, 2.8 and this Article III, which shall survive such termination.

assistant: Terminations
system: You are a legal assistant. Answer concisely and accurately. When legal text is provided, rely on it and do not invent facts.

user: Read the case excerpt and choose the best holding from the options. Case excerpt: on potential traffic citations. Because the Fourth Amendment establishes “[t]he right of the people to be secure in their persons ... against unreasonable searches and seizures,” however, the wrong that the Fourth Amendment is designed to prevent is completed when a motorcyclist is cited without probable cause. See United States v. Calandra, 414 U.S. 338, 354, 94 S.Ct. 613, 623, 38 L.Ed.2d 561 (1974) (“The purpose of the Fourth Amendment is to prevent unreasonable governmental intrusions into the privacy of one’s person, house, papers, or effects. The wrong condemned is the unjustified governmental invasion of these areas of an individual’s life. That wrong ... is fully accomplished by the original search without probable cause.”); Covino v. Patrissi, 967 F.2d 73, 77 (2d Cir.1992) (<HOLDING>); Cerro Metal Prods. v. Marshall, 620 F.2d 964, Options: A. recognizing that irreparable harm is the single most important prerequisite for the issuance of a preliminary injunction B. holding that the movant had to establish both of the first two factors ie likelihood of success and irreparable harm to receive a preliminary injunction C. holding right to be fundamental D. holding that even though irreparable harm is not required it had been shown and weighed in favor of issuance of the preliminary injunction E. holding that given the fundamental right involved namely the right to be free from unreasonable searches the plaintiff had sufficiently shown likelihood of irreparable harm for preliminary injunction purposes

assistant: The best answer is E. holding that given the fundamental right involved namely the right to be free from unreasonable searches the plaintiff had sufficiently shown likelihood of irreparable harm for preliminary injunction purposes
system: You are a legal assistant. Answer concisely and accurately. When legal text is provided, rely on it and do not invent facts.

user: Read the legal provision and list the applicable contract clause categories. Provision: On each Closing Date, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein, substantially concurrent with the execution and delivery of this Agreement by the parties hereto, the Company agrees to sell, and the Purchaser agrees to purchase, the Purchaser’s Closing Subscription Amount as set forth on the signature page hereto executed by the Purchaser (an aggregate of up to $300,000 in Subscription Amount corresponding to an aggregate of up to $330,000 in Principal Amount of Notes). At each Closing, the Purchaser shall deliver to the Company, via wire transfer, immediately available funds equal to the Purchaser’s Subscription Amount as set forth on the signature page hereto executed by the Purchaser, and the Company shall deliver to the Purchaser its respective Note, as determined pursuant to Section 2.3(a), and the Company and the Purchaser shall deliver the other items set forth in Section 2.3 deliverable at the First Closing. Upon satisfaction of the covenants and conditions set forth in Sections 2.3 and 2.4 for each Closing, each Closing shall occur at the offices of the Company’s counsel or such other location as the parties shall mutually agree.

assistant: Closings
system: You are a legal assistant. Answer concisely and accurately. When legal text is provided, rely on it and do not invent facts.

user: Read the legal provision and list the applicable contract clause categories. Provision: If for any reason any provision of this Agreement is held invalid, the parties agree that the court or arbitrator shall modify the provision(s) (or subpart(s) thereof) to make the provision(s) (or subpart(s) thereof) and this Agreement valid and enforceable to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law. Any invalid provision shall not affect any other provision of this Agreement not held invalid, and each such other provision shall to the full extent consistent with law continue in full force and effect. If any provision of this Agreement shall be held invalid in part, such invalidity shall in no way affect the rest of such provision not held so invalid, and the rest of such provision, together with all other provisions of this Agreement, shall to the full extent consistent with law continue in full force and effect.

assistant: Severability
system: You are a legal assistant. Answer concisely and accurately. When legal text is provided, rely on it and do not invent facts.

user: Read the legal provision and list the applicable contract clause categories. Provision: This is a Massachusetts contract and shall be construed under and be governed in all respects by the law of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, without giving effect to the conflict of laws principles of such Commonwealth. With respect to any disputes concerning federal law, such disputes shall be determined in accordance with the law as it would be interpreted and applied by the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit.

assistant: Governing Laws
system: You are a legal assistant. Answer concisely and accurately. When legal text is provided, rely on it and do not invent facts.

user: Read the legal provision and list the applicable contract clause categories. Provision: The Company shall indemnify, defend and hold harmless the Escrow Agent and each of its officers, directors and employees from and against any and all loss, liability, cost, damage, claim and expense, including, without limitation, attorneys’ fees and expenses or other professional fees and expenses which the Escrow Agent or any of such persons suffers or incurs by reason of any action, claim or proceeding brought against the Escrow Agent, arising out of or relating in any way to the Escrow Agent’s appointment as Escrow Agent hereunder, this Agreement or any transaction to which this Agreement relates, unless such loss, liability, cost, damage, claim or expense shall have been finally adjudicated to have been directly caused by the willful misconduct or gross negligence of the Escrow Agent, its officers, directors or employees. The provisions of this Section 8(a) shall survive the resignation or removal of the Escrow Agent and the termination of this Agreement.

assistant: Indemnifications
system: You are a legal assistant. Answer concisely and accurately. When legal text is provided, rely on it and do not invent facts.

user: Read the legal provision and list the applicable contract clause categories. Provision: The Participant may be required to pay to the Company or any Affiliate and the Company shall have the right and is hereby authorized to withhold, any applicable withholding taxes in respect of the Option, its exercise or any payment or transfer under or with respect to the Option and to take such other action as may be necessary in the opinion of the Committee to satisfy all obligations for the payment of such withholding taxes.

assistant: Withholdings
system: You are a legal assistant. Answer concisely and accurately. When legal text is provided, rely on it and do not invent facts.

user: Read the legal provision and list the applicable contract clause categories. Provision: Without limiting the provisions of the Loan Agreement (including, without limitation, Article 10 thereof), Borrowers agree to pay all costs and expenses (including without limitation reasonable fees and expenses of any counsel, financial advisor, industry advisor and agent for Administrative Agent or any Lender) incurred before or after the date hereof by Administrative Agent, any Lender and their respective Affiliates in connection with the preparation, negotiation, execution, delivery and administration of this Agreement and the other Loan Documents.

assistant: Expenses
system: You are a legal assistant. Answer concisely and accurately. When legal text is provided, rely on it and do not invent facts.

user: Read the case excerpt and choose the best holding from the options. Case excerpt: offense, ie., whether there was an improper grant of a mistrial by the trial court. In State v. Woodson, supra, this Court set out the parameters to consider where a mistrial may affect an individual’s double jeopardy rights, when we said: “The double jeopardy prohibition against retrial for the same offense attaches in a jury trial when the jury is empaneled and sworn. See Illinois v. Somerville, 410 U.S. 458, 467, 93 S.Ct. 1066, 1072, 35 L.Ed.2d 425, 433 (1973); Blondes v. State, 273 Md. 435, 444, 330 A.2d 169, 173 (1975). Thus, after jeopardy attaches, retrial is barred if a mistrial is declared without the defendant’s consent unless there is a showing of ‘manifest necessity’ to declare the mistrial. See United States v. Perez, 22 U.S. (9 Wheat.) 579, 580, 6 L.Ed. 165, 165 (1824) (<HOLDING>). Although there is no clear test to determine Options: A. holding that once the defendant is before the court the court will not inquire into the circumstances surrounding his presence there B. holding that the trial court was not authorized to dismiss misdemeanor charges without the states consent on the basis that the state had refused to consent to fishers waiver of a jury trial C. holding that adverse credibility determinations under the real id act must take into consideration the individual circumstances of the applicant D. holding that a trial court may discharge a jury without the defendants consent whenever taking all the circumstances into consideration there is a manifest necessity for the act E. holding that the trial court can and should grant a new trial if the manifest weight of the evidence is contrary to the verdict

assistant: The best answer is D. holding that a trial court may discharge a jury without the defendants consent whenever taking all the circumstances into consideration there is a manifest necessity for the act
system: You are a legal assistant. Answer concisely and accurately. When legal text is provided, rely on it and do not invent facts.

user: Read the following U.S. Supreme Court case excerpt and classify it into the correct legal issue area. Excerpt: 481 U.S. 738 107 S.Ct. 2171 95 L.Ed.2d 696 John R. VAN DRASEK, Petitionerv.James H. WEBB, Jr., Secretary of the Navy, et al No. 86-319 Supreme Court of the United States May 18, 1987 On writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. PER CURIAM. 1 The writ of certiorari is dismissed as improvidently granted.

assistant: 9
system: You are a legal assistant. Answer concisely and accurately. When legal text is provided, rely on it and do not invent facts.

user: Read the case excerpt and choose the best holding from the options. Case excerpt: I, who sought an injunction against any federal or state court proceedings in conflict with the ruling in Canady I pursuant to the All Writs Act. 28 U.S.C. § 1651 (enabling federal courts to “issue all writs necessary or appropriate in aid of their respective jurisdictions”). The judgment protected by the injunction is the judgment in Canady I, which was properly issued in federal court, as it is undisputed that appellants properly filed their original class action complaint in federal court. As long as the original lawsuit was properly brought in federal court, the federal court retains subject matter jurisdiction to remove any subsequent state law action to federal court for purposes of applying the All Writs Act. See Xiong v. Minnesota, 195 F.3d 424, 426-27 (8th Cir.1999) (Xiong) (<HOLDING>); see also NAACP v. Metropolitan Council, 144 Options: A. holding that removal to federal court was proper for claims asserted under all writs act B. holding that this court has authority in appropriate circumstances to issue writs under all writs act 28 usc 1651a C. holding that district court had jurisdiction to consider claims under the all writs act D. recognizing the all writs act gives federal courts authority to issue writs of coram nobis to correct fundamental errors in criminal proceedings where the person is no longer in custody E. holding that the all writs act does not provide an independent basis for supplemental federal jurisdiction in situations where federal jurisdiction is otherwise wholly lacking

assistant: The best answer is A. holding that removal to federal court was proper for claims asserted under all writs act
system: You are a legal assistant. Answer concisely and accurately. When legal text is provided, rely on it and do not invent facts.

user: Read the case excerpt and choose the best holding from the options. Case excerpt: be actually living with defendant, and not just be visitor). Service of process is intended to give notice to a defendant and, thus, service of process must be reasonably calculated to reach the defendant. See Mullane v. Central Hanover Bank & Trust Co., 339 U.S. 306, 314, 70 S.Ct. 652, 657, 94 L.Ed. 865 (1950) (stating “due process [requires] * * * notice reasonably calculated, under all the circumstances, to apprise interested parties of the pendency of the action and afford them an opportunity to pre 0th Cir.1935) (requiring permanancy of residence); Burtchaell v. Hoffman, 508 So.2d 738, 738-39 (Fla.Dist.Ct.App.1987) (concluding girlfriend from another state occasionally visiting for few days to week not residing therein); Gamboa v. Jones, 455 So.2d 613, 614 (Fla.Dist.Ct.App.1984) (<HOLDING>). DECISION Peterson’s 14-year-old stepson, who Options: A. holding housekeeper did not reside therein B. holding the tenday requirement was ministerial and the defendant failed to show he was prejudiced by the delay C. holding tenday visitor not residing therein D. holding babysitter was not residing therein E. holding fourmonth visitor was residing therein

assistant: The best answer is C. holding tenday visitor not residing therein
system: You are a legal assistant. Answer concisely and accurately. When legal text is provided, rely on it and do not invent facts.

user: Read the legal provision and list the applicable contract clause categories. Provision: All notices, demands, requests, consents, approvals, and other communications required or permitted hereunder shall be in writing and, unless otherwise specified herein, shall be (i) personally served, (ii) deposited in the mail, registered or certified, return receipt requested, postage prepaid, (iii) delivered by reputable air courier service with charges prepaid, or (iv) transmitted by hand delivery, telegram, or facsimile addressed as set forth below or to such other address as such party shall have specified most recently by written notice. Any notice or other communication required or permitted to be given hereunder shall be deemed effective (a) upon hand delivery or delivery by facsimile, with accurate confirmation generated by the transmitting facsimile machine, at the address or number designated below (if delivered on a business day during normal business hours where such notice is to be received), or the first business day following such delivery (if delivered other than on a business day during normal business hours where such notice is to be received), or (b) on the second business day following the date of mailing by express courier service, fully prepaid, addressed to such address, or upon actual receipt of such mailing, whichever shall first occur. The addresses for such communications shall be: (i) if to the Company, to Jerrick Media Holdings, Inc., 202 South Dean Street, Englewood, NJ, Attn: Jeremy Frommer, with a copy by fax only to (which shall not constitute notice) and (ii) if to the Holder, to the address and facsimile number listed on the first paragraph of this Warrant.

assistant: Notices
system: You are a legal assistant. Answer concisely and accurately. When legal text is provided, rely on it and do not invent facts.

user: Read the legal provision and list the applicable contract clause categories. Provision: The Company shall make such provisions as are necessary or appropriate for the withholding of all applicable taxes including social security and any other statutory withholdings in respect of the Restricted Share Units and/or vested shares on this Grant, in accordance with Section 4(d) of the Plan. With respect to any statutory tax withholding required upon vesting or payment of benefits hereunder, the Participant may elect to satisfy all or a portion of such withholding requirement by having the Company withhold Shares.

assistant: Taxes
system: You are a legal assistant. Answer concisely and accurately. When legal text is provided, rely on it and do not invent facts.

user: Read the legal provision and list the applicable contract clause categories. Provision: During the Interim Period and the Transition Period, the Executive will (i) receive his base salary as in effect on the Effective Date and (ii) participate in the Company’s retirement and welfare benefit plans, perquisite programs, expense reimbursement and vacation policies, as such plans, programs and policies may be in effect from time to time (collectively, the “ Plans ”).

assistant: Base Salary
system: You are a legal assistant. Answer concisely and accurately. When legal text is provided, rely on it and do not invent facts.

user: Read the legal provision and list the applicable contract clause categories. Provision: When a reference is made in this Agreement to a Section, such reference shall be to a Section of this Agreement, unless otherwise indicated. The headings contained in this Agreement are for reference purposes only and shall not affect in any way the meaning or interpretation of this Agreement. Whenever the words “include,” “includes” and “including” are used in this Agreement, they shall be deemed to be followed by the words “without limitation.” The words “hereof, “herein” and “hereunder” and words of similar import when used in this Agreement shall refer to this Agreement as a whole and not to any particular provision of this Agreement. The word “will” shall be construed to have the same meaning as the word “shall.” The words “dates hereof” will refer to the date of this Agreement. The word “or” is not exclusive. The definitions contained in this Agreement are applicable to the singular as well as the plural forms of such terms. Any agreement, instrument, law, rule or statute defined or referred to herein means, unless otherwise indicated, such agreement, instrument, law, rule or statute as from time to time amended, modified or supplemented. The term “business days” shall have the meaning given to it by the applicable rules of the SEC.

assistant: Construction
system: You are a legal assistant. Answer concisely and accurately. When legal text is provided, rely on it and do not invent facts.

user: Read the case excerpt and choose the best holding from the options. Case excerpt: in order for a federal court to exercise federal “arising under” jurisdiction. Louisville & Nashville R.R. Co. v. Mottley, 211 U.S. 149, 152-53, 29 S.Ct. 42, 53 L.Ed. 126 (1908). If there is no federal question evident from the complaint, federal “arising under” jurisdiction cannot be based on an anticipated federal law defense or on a counterclaim. Holmes Group, Inc. v. Vornado Air Circulation Sys., Inc., 535 U.S. 826, 831-32, 122 S.Ct. 1889, 153 L.Ed.2d 13 (2002). However, the well-pleaded-complaint rule only applies to assertions of jurisdiction “arising under” federal law, such as federal question jurisdiction (28 U.S.C. § 1331) or patent and copyright jurisdiction (28 U.S.C. § 1338(a)). Am. Nat’l Red Cross v. S.G., 505 U.S. 247, 258, 112 S.Ct. 2465, 120 L.Ed.2d 201 (1992) (<HOLDING>); see also Holmes Group, Inc., 535 U.S. at Options: A. holding that the wellpleadedcomplaint rule did not apply to the red crosss jurisdictional authorization to sue and be sued B. holding that plaintiffs did not have standing because they did not sue the party with the clear ability to act C. holding that the trustee alone has the capacity to sue and be sued D. holding that the words sue and be sued when used in a statute do not by themselves waive immunity E. holding that sue and be sued provisions of agencies should be liberally construed and that authorization of suits against federal entities engaged in commercial activities may waive sovereign immunity from awards of interest as an incident of suit

assistant: The best answer is A. holding that the wellpleadedcomplaint rule did not apply to the red crosss jurisdictional authorization to sue and be sued
system: You are a legal assistant. Answer concisely and accurately. When legal text is provided, rely on it and do not invent facts.

user: Read the case excerpt and choose the best holding from the options. Case excerpt: Hill’s case, Ischa the drug dog was called out to inspect Hill’s car after Hill had already been arrested. Since the use of a canine here did not result in any seizure of Hill or his car beyond what he would have otherwise endured, officers did not need any justification for holding the car pending the canine inspection. By Edwards’s account, Ischa alerted on the outside of the car. Given Hill’s nervous behavior, his warrant for a controlled substance crime, his reputation for engaging in drug activity, and, most importantly, the indication from a qualified drug dog that drugs were in the vehicle, we hold the district court did not err in finding there was probable cause to search the vehicle’s interior for such contraband. See United States v. Linkous, 285 F.3d 716, 721 (8th Cir.2002) (<HOLDING>); United States v. Munroe, 143 F.3d 1113, 1116 Options: A. holding that where a qualified drug dog alerts to the presence of contraband in a vehicle officers have probable cause to search the vehicle B. holding automobile exeeption did not apply to warrantless search of vehicle where vehicle was not readily mobile because the vehicle was legally parked in parking lot occupants of vehicle were seated on a bench in the playground near the parking lot police officers surrounded the vehicle and the driver of the vehicle was handcuffed for safety purposes C. holding that officers had probable cause to arrest driver and two passengers where cocaine and contraband were found in glove compartment and backseat armrest of vehicle and none of the men offered any information regarding the ownership of the drugs and contraband on the ground that the drugs and contraband could have been in the possession of any one of the three vehicle occupants or all three of them jointly D. holding that the court of appeals properly concluded that the odor of marijuana emanating from defendants vehicle constituted probable cause to search the vehicle E. holding that the smell of marijuana gave the police probable cause to search the vehicle

assistant: The best answer is A. holding that where a qualified drug dog alerts to the presence of contraband in a vehicle officers have probable cause to search the vehicle
system: You are a legal assistant. Answer concisely and accurately. When legal text is provided, rely on it and do not invent facts.

user: Read the legal provision and list the applicable contract clause categories. Provision: This Supplementary Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument. Counterparts may be delivered via facsimile, electronic mail (including pdf or any electronic signature complying with the U.S. federal ESIGN Act of 2000, e.g., www.docusign.com) or other transmission method and any counterpart so delivered shall be deemed to have been duly and validly delivered and be valid and effective for all purposes.

assistant: Counterparts
system: You are a legal assistant. Answer concisely and accurately. When legal text is provided, rely on it and do not invent facts.

user: Read the legal provision and list the applicable contract clause categories. Provision: In addition to Base Rent, Tenant shall pay to Landlord, for each calendar year during the Term, percentage rent (“ Percentage Rent ”) determined by multiplying the total Gross Sales (as defined herein) for the particular calendar year by the applicable Percentage Rent Rate for each Tier of Gross Sales described in Exhibit B attached hereto. The formula for computing Percentage Rent is more fully described on Exhibit B attached hereto. Percentage Rent shall be paid in quarterly installments in arrears as follows, with each Tier in Exhibit B being divided by four (4) to take into account the quarterly payments: On or before the 1 st day of each February, May, August and November during the Term (starting May 1, 2016), Tenant shall pay to Landlord, a sum of money equal to the product of the applicable Percentage Rent Rate multiplied by the total Gross Sales for each Tier of Gross Sales for such preceding calendar quarter. If the total of the quarterly payments of Percentage Rent for any calendar year is not equal to the annual Percentage Rent computed on the amount of Gross Sales for such calendar year in accordance with the applicable Percentage Rent Rate, then Tenant shall pay to Landlord any deficiency within 60 days after the end of such calendar year or Landlord shall credit against future Percentage Rent any overpayment, as the case may be.

assistant: Payments
system: You are a legal assistant. Answer concisely and accurately. When legal text is provided, rely on it and do not invent facts.

user: Read the case excerpt and choose the best holding from the options. Case excerpt: no economic persecution where petitioner did not present any testimony or other evidence of his income in China, his net worth at the time of the fines, or any other facts that would make it possible to evaluate his personal financial circumstances in relation to the fines imposed by the government). In the absence of such evidence we cannot conclude that the agency erred in finding that Wang failed to establish past persecution. Wang also argues that he established a well-founded fear of future persecution based on his statement that Chinese officials threatened him with “some charges.” Wang, however, failed to detail how the vague threat of “some charges” establishes that he reasonably fears persecution upon return to China. See Jian Xing Huang v. INS, 421 F.3d 125, 129 (2d Cir.2005) (<HOLDING>). Accordingly, we find no clear error in the Options: A. holding that absent solid support in the record that a fear is objectively reasonable a claim of future persecution is speculative at best B. holding that in the absence of solid support in the record for an appli cants assertion that she would be persecuted the bia did not err in denying asylum because her fear was speculative at best C. holding that in the absence of solid support in the record for an applicants assertion that she would be persecuted the bia did not err in denying asylum because her fear was speculative at best D. holding that absent solid support in the record for the petitioners assertion that he would be subjected to persecution in china because of his desire to have more children his fear was speculative at best E. holding that absent solid support in the record for the petitioners assertion that he would be persecuted his fear was speculative at best

assistant: The best answer is E. holding that absent solid support in the record for the petitioners assertion that he would be persecuted his fear was speculative at best
system: You are a legal assistant. Answer concisely and accurately. When legal text is provided, rely on it and do not invent facts.

user: Read the case excerpt and choose the best holding from the options. Case excerpt: that he has “forfeited, waived, rejected, declined, and refused to voluntarily accept any and all benefits from the United States”; and that he “objects to the use of Federal Reserve Notes to discharge debts.” Trowbridge also argues that the Tax Court denied him due process by granting the Commissioner’s motion for a protective order against his discovery requests, which consisted of 480 interrogatories, first and second re quests for production of documents, and 545 requests for admissions. Although the Tax Court held that these very same arguments were frivolous and imposed sanctions of $25,000 against Trowbridge, those sanctions did not deter him from pressing the same frivolous arguments on appeal. See Crain v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, 737 F.2d 1417, 1417-18 (5th Cir.1984) (<HOLDING>). We therefore AFFIRM the judgment of the Tax Options: A. holding that the court lacks jurisdiction to review legal arguments not raised before the bia B. holding that the exercise of judicial power under article iii of the united states constitution requires an actual case or controversy C. holding that the plaintiff must demonstrate that defendants contacts with the united states as a whole support the exercise of jurisdiction consistent with the constitution and laws of the united states D. holding that taxpayers arguments that he is not subject to the jurisdiction taxation nor regulation of the state that the internal revenue service incorporated lacks authority to exercise the judicial power of the united states that the tax court is unconstitutionally attempting to exercise article iii powers and that jurisdiction over his person has never been affirmatively proven were frivolous E. holding that the information must establish that the court has jurisdiction over both the subject matter and the parties

assistant: The best answer is D. holding that taxpayers arguments that he is not subject to the jurisdiction taxation nor regulation of the state that the internal revenue service incorporated lacks authority to exercise the judicial power of the united states that the tax court is unconstitutionally attempting to exercise article iii powers and that jurisdiction over his person has never been affirmatively proven were frivolous
system: You are a legal assistant. Answer concisely and accurately. When legal text is provided, rely on it and do not invent facts.

user: Read the case excerpt and choose the best holding from the options. Case excerpt: selling alcohol and they were still playing cards in the dining room when the robbery occurred. Thus, there was sufficient evidence that appellants robbed individuals, but in their capacity as customers of a business. There was also evidence in the record from which a rational jury could conclude that the appellants targeted the assets of Jeanette’s business, not solely the customers. The appellants had a meeting the night before the robbery in which they learned about a house with “a lot of money in it.” JA 1430. During the robbery, they asked Jeanette where “the money” was and rummaged through her refrigerator. App. 1167-69. The nexus to interstate commerce in this case was, therefore, more direct than in Wang and the other cases cited by the appellants. See Walker, 657 F.3d at 181 (<HOLDING>). We recognize that this case stands at the Options: A. holding that the connection between the robbery and interstate commerce was much more direct than in wang because at the time of the robbery the victim in walker was selling illegal drugs that had traveled through interstate commerce B. recognizing scarborough holding that commerce nexus satisfied upon showing that possessed firearm had traveled at some time in interstate commerce C. holding that the feloninpossessionofafirearm statute only requires a showing that the firearm at one time traveled through interstate commerce D. holding that the government can satisfy the hobbs act interstate commerce requirement by showing that the robbery resulted in the closure of a business engaged in interstate commerce E. holding that robbery of proceeds intended for purchase of cocaine affected interstate commerce

assistant: The best answer is A. holding that the connection between the robbery and interstate commerce was much more direct than in wang because at the time of the robbery the victim in walker was selling illegal drugs that had traveled through interstate commerce
system: You are a legal assistant. Answer concisely and accurately. When legal text is provided, rely on it and do not invent facts.

user: Read the case excerpt and choose the best holding from the options. Case excerpt: . Section 90.401, Florida Statutes (1997), states: Relevant evidence is evidence tending to prove or disprove a material fact. 4 . Section 90.403, Florida Statutes (1997), states, in pertinent part: Relevant evidence is inadmissible if its probative value is substantially outweighed by the danger of unfair prejudice, confusion of the issues, misleading the jury, or needless presentation of cumulative evidence. 5 . The four criteria are applicable if the purpose of admitting the similar accident is to show notice or knowledge of a dangerous condition. Charles W. Ehrhardt, Florida Evidence § 411.2 (2007); Warn Indus. v. Geist, 343 So.2d 44, 46 (Fla. 3d DCA 1977). 6 . Charles W. Ehrhardt, Florida Evidence § 411.2 (2007); Jackson v. H.L. Bouton Co., 630 So.2d 1173, 1176 (Fla. 1st DCA 1994) (<HOLDING>). 7 .Jackson, 630 So.2d at 1176; Lasar Mfg. Co. Options: A. holding that evidence of prior complaints raised fact question regarding defendants actual knowledge B. holding that no abuse of discretion occurred in admitting evidence regarding a lack of pri or complaints to establish defendants knowledge or lack thereof of a defect in the safety glasses that it produced or sold C. holding that lack of justiciable interest resulted in lack of standing to pursue claim and that lack of standing deprived the trial court of jurisdiction to act D. holding that this lack of any reasonable expectation of continued employment suffices to establish the lack of property in the constitutional sense and hence the lack of a viable due process claim E. holding that the governments lack of direct evidence as to defendants knowledge does not demonstrate that its case was baseless

assistant: The best answer is B. holding that no abuse of discretion occurred in admitting evidence regarding a lack of pri or complaints to establish defendants knowledge or lack thereof of a defect in the safety glasses that it produced or sold
system: You are a legal assistant. Answer concisely and accurately. When legal text is provided, rely on it and do not invent facts.

user: Read the case excerpt and choose the best holding from the options. Case excerpt: issue, the court inquired at oral argument whether plaintiff, who does not own property in a commercial zoning district, had standing to challenge section 19.48.015 L to the extent that section applied to commercial zoning districts. Plaintiff alleges but does not aver that he could conceivably wish to find someone who owned commercial property and seek permission to place an informational sign on that person’s property. The court concludes that plaintiff does not have standing to challenge section 19.48.015 L to the extent that section applies to commercial zoning districts, as plaintiff has not shown that he has suffered any injury as a result of the ordinance as it applies to commercial zoning districts. See Warth v. Seldin, 422 U.S. 490, 504, 95 S.Ct. 2197, 45 L.Ed.2d 343 (1975) (<HOLDING>); Pacific Frontier v. Pleasant Grove City, 414 Options: A. holding that religious corporation which owned property had standing to challenge zoning ordinance B. holding that the plaintiffs due process challenge to a city ordinance was barred because it was inextricably intertwined with a statecourt ruling that plaintiff lacked standing to challenge the ordinance C. holding plaintiffs challenging zoning ordinance lacked standing because among other reasons none is himself subject to the ordinances strictures D. holding that plaintiffs lacked standing to sue E. holding that a mayor of an urbancounty government lacked authority to veto a zoning ordinance because the right to vote conflicted with the legislatives right to enact zoning ordinances

assistant: The best answer is C. holding plaintiffs challenging zoning ordinance lacked standing because among other reasons none is himself subject to the ordinances strictures