flwrlabs/fed-legal huggingface dataset:
system: You are a legal assistant. Answer concisely and accurately. When legal text is provided, rely on it and do not invent facts.

user: Read the case excerpt and choose the best holding from the options. Case excerpt: but she voluntarily and knowingly allowed R.A. to remain in the circumstances without making any earnest effort to remove him from them. 3. Conclusion Viewing all the evidence in the light most favorable to the judgment, we hold a fact-finder could reasonably have formed a firm belief or conviction that Jordan knowingly placed and knowingly allowed R.A. to remain in conditions and surroundings that endangered his physical and emotional well-being. See Tex. Fam.Code Ann. § 161.001(1)(D). The evidence is thus legally sufficient to support the trial court’s termination findings under section 161.001(1)(D) of the Family Code. See id.; In re J.T., No. 13-08-00652-CV, 2009 WL 2077184, at *13 (Tex.App.-Corpus Christi July 16, 2009, no pet.) (mem. op., not designated for publication) (<HOLDING>) (citing In re H.C., 942 S.W.2d 661, 665 Options: A. holding that fundamental error occurred in the prosecution of a mother for aggravated manslaughter of her child when the prosecutor commented on the fact that the mother had contemplated having an abortion during the course of her pregnancy with the child B. holding mothers due process rights were not violated when her appointed counsel was allowed to withdraw and hearing was held without mother because the record showed mother did not inform counsel of her whereabouts after moving thereby frustrating counsels efforts to contact her and because mother was properly served with notice of the termination hearing C. holding mothers drug use during pregnancy and after child was removed from her care in face of random drug testing that placed her relationship with child at risk was legally and factually sufficient evidence that she engaged in course of conduct which endangered her child D. holding that evidence was sufficient to support trial courts best interest finding where mother allowed child to be in contact with individual who had physically abused her mother was not capable of caring for child on her own mother admitted at trial she had not found stable employment and child was doing well in her current placement E. holding evidence that mother allowed child to remain in home in which there was violent conduct as evidenced by fathers physical abuse of mother during her pregnancy was legally sufficient to support termination

assistant: The best answer is E. holding evidence that mother allowed child to remain in home in which there was violent conduct as evidenced by fathers physical abuse of mother during her pregnancy was legally sufficient to support termination
system: You are a legal assistant. Answer concisely and accurately. When legal text is provided, rely on it and do not invent facts.

user: Read the case excerpt and choose the best holding from the options. Case excerpt: docket for nine years without entry of a final judgment. On these facts, due diligence is not demonstrated. MacGregor, 941 S.W.2d at 75-76; Rotello, 671 S.W.2d at 509. Consequently, Bazan has not shown and error is not apparent on the face of the record- before us. See Lynda’s Boutique, 134 S.W.3d at 848. C. Direct Appeal On still another ground, I would hold that Bazan has not demonstrated he is entitled to a restricted appeal. See Tex. R.App. P. 26.1, 30; Lynda’s Boutique, 134 S.W.3d at 848. Ten days after the complained-of dismissal order, Bazan filed a pro se letter requesting the trial court enter a final written order. I would construe the letter as a post-trial motion to modify. Home Owners Funding Corp. v. Scheppler, 815 S.W.2d 884, 887 (Tex.App.-Corpus Christi 1991, no writ) (<HOLDING>). If granted, the requested motion would have Options: A. recognizing that we construe pro se complaints liberally B. holding that we construe the rules liberally and look only to the effect if the instruments request was granted C. holding that courts must construe pro se filings liberally D. recognizing courts special duty to construe liberally a pro se plaintiffs pleadings E. holding that courts should liberally construe the requirements of rule 3

assistant: The best answer is B. holding that we construe the rules liberally and look only to the effect if the instruments request was granted
system: You are a legal assistant. Answer concisely and accurately. When legal text is provided, rely on it and do not invent facts.

user: Read the legal provision and list the applicable contract clause categories. Provision: If the Executive’s employment is terminated because of the Executive’s Disability during the Employment Period, this Agreement will terminate without any further obligation on the part of the Company under this Agreement, other than for (i) payment of the Accrued Obligations and six months of the Executive’s Base Salary (which shall be paid to the Executive in a lump sum cash payment within 30 days of the Date of Termination; (ii) the timely payment of the Welfare Continuance Benefit; and (iii) the timely payment of all disability and retirement benefits pursuant to the terms of any plan, policy or arrangement of the Company and its affiliated companies.

assistant: Disability
system: You are a legal assistant. Answer concisely and accurately. When legal text is provided, rely on it and do not invent facts.

user: Read the case excerpt and choose the best holding from the options. Case excerpt: acquittals on others indicate that the jury was not unanimous regarding any of the counts. But even if his speculation is accurate, it-would provide no basis for interviewing the jurors because juror testimony with regard to a verdict’s validity is limited to whether “extraneous prejudicial information was improperly brought to the jury’s attention; an outside influence was improperly brought to bear on any juror; or a mistake was made in entering the verdict on the verdict form.” Fed.R.Evid. 606(b). K. Kennedy’s theory of a compromise verdict fits none of these exceptions. Rather, it is an allegation of improper “internal influence,” which this court has held cannot provide a basis for post-verdict juror interrogation. See United States v. Logan, 250 F.3d 350, 380-81 (6th Cir.2001) (<HOLDING>); Helm v. Bunch, No. 88-5120, 869 F.2d 1490, Options: A. holding that the trial courts in camera interviews were within its discretion because the defendant had waived his right to be present during the juror interviews B. holding that juror interviews were not permissible where the alleged jury misconduct of premature deliberations constituted internal influence C. holding that rule 606b precludes any inquiry into the validity of the verdict based on juror testimony regarding racial or ethnic comments made during the course of deliberations but that the rule against juror impeachment cannot be applied so inflexibly as to bar juror testimony in those rare and grave cases where claims of racial or ethnic bias during jury deliberations implicate a defendants right to due process and an impartial jury internal quotation marks omitted D. holding a new trial required when juror is replaced by an alternate during jury deliberations E. holding that the district courts dismissal of a juror after five weeks of deliberations violated the defendants right to a unanimous jury because the record evidence suggested the juror found the evidence insufficient for a conviction

assistant: The best answer is B. holding that juror interviews were not permissible where the alleged jury misconduct of premature deliberations constituted internal influence
system: You are a legal assistant. Answer concisely and accurately. When legal text is provided, rely on it and do not invent facts.

user: Read the case excerpt and choose the best holding from the options. Case excerpt: by that state agency is a private actor subject to Midcal’s active supervision prong. Instead, our holding that the Board is a private actor for purposes of the state action doctrine turns on the fact that the members of the Board, who are market participants, are elected by other private participants in the market. See op. at 370 (“[Wjhen a state agency is operated by market participants who are elected by other market participants, it is a ‘private’ actor.”). If the Board members here had been appointed or elected by state government officials pursuant to state statute, a much stronger case would have existed to remove the Board from the reach of Mid-cal’s active supervision prong. See FTC v. Phoebe Putney Health System, Inc., — U.S. -, 133 S.Ct. 1003, 1010, 185 L.Ed.2d 43 (2013) (<HOLDING>). I further observe that subjecting the Board Options: A. holding that notice statute applies to both municipal entities and employees of municipal entities acting within the scope of their employment B. holding that whistleblower act waives the states governmental immunity from suit from liability of state and local government entities C. holding that municipal and certain substate entities of government receive immunity from antitrust scrutiny when they act pursuant to clearly articulated and affirmatively expressed state policy to displace competition without regard to whether their activities are actively supervised by the state D. holding that an acceleration clause is not subject to antitrust scrutiny where plaintiffs conceded that they could be procompetitive in some circumstances but noting that noag clauses are subject to antitrust scrutiny E. recognizing that the state enjoys sovereign immunity in regard to tort actions unless the legislature waived immunity pursuant to a specific statute

assistant: The best answer is C. holding that municipal and certain substate entities of government receive immunity from antitrust scrutiny when they act pursuant to clearly articulated and affirmatively expressed state policy to displace competition without regard to whether their activities are actively supervised by the state
system: You are a legal assistant. Answer concisely and accurately. When legal text is provided, rely on it and do not invent facts.

user: Read the case excerpt and choose the best holding from the options. Case excerpt: remains available.” See also Barrett et al. v. Union Bridge Co., 117 Or 220, 224, 243 P 93 (1926) (same); Deupree v. ODOT, 173 Or App 623, 629, 22 P3d 773 (2001) (“Where access to private property is retained through another public road, even though that access may be less satisfactory, the loss of direct highway access is not compensable.”); Curran v. ODOT, 151 Or App 781, 784-85, 785 n 3, 951 P2d 183 (1997) (“Generally, any act by the state that affects the use of a highway for legitimate ‘highway’ purposes does not result in a taking of access rights to the highway that is compensable under Article I, section 18, even if that action interferes with the abutting property owner’s access to the highway from the property.”); Gruner v. Lane County, 96 Or App 694, 697, 773 P2d 815 (1989) (<HOLDING>). As those cases make clear, no compensation is Options: A. holding that city may by ordinance require abutting landowner to repair sidewalk but that the abutting landowner is not liable in an action in tort for injuries B. holding that regulatory restrictions on abutting landowners right of ingress and egress are not compensable when landowner has adequate alternative means to access property C. holding that judge had power to limit ingress and egress of persons during counsels final arguments because it was a reasonable limitation to prevent disturbance D. holding in an inverse condemnation case that the abutting landowners right of direct access was subservient to the city of portlands proper exercise of its governmental powers for purposes of public safety and convenience and that the elimination of access from the landowners property to the affected street did not constitute a taking E. holding that appellant landowner who complained of a sewer pipe being laid offshore his property had the incorporeal right to free ingress and egress to abutting navigable waters

assistant: The best answer is B. holding that regulatory restrictions on abutting landowners right of ingress and egress are not compensable when landowner has adequate alternative means to access property
system: You are a legal assistant. Answer concisely and accurately. When legal text is provided, rely on it and do not invent facts.

user: Read the case excerpt and choose the best holding from the options. Case excerpt: discretion. 1. Failure to exhaust administrative remedies. The superior court’s order cited Oxendine’s failure to exhaust his administrative remedies as an independent reason why the superior court lacked jurisdiction under OCGA § 50-13-19 (a). That is a misreading of the statute: it creates an exception to the exhaustion requirement. OCGA § 50-13-19 (a) expressly authorizes immediate judicial review of a preliminary, procedural, or intermediate agency action “if review of the final agency decision would not provide an adequate remedy” So in appropriate cases, it authorizes judicial review of preliminary procedural rulings like the Commission’s denial of Oxendine’s motions in this case. See Wills v. Composite State Bd. of Med. Examiners, 259 Ga. 549, 550 (1) (384 SE2d 636) (1989) (<HOLDING>). 2. Contested case. The superior court also Options: A. recognizing that statute of limitations questions may be resolved on a motion to dismiss B. holding that the courts denial of either a motion to dismiss or a motion for summary judgment is not a final judgment and is not reviewable C. holding that ocga 501319 a permitted judicial review of agencys denial of motion to dismiss on statute of limitations grounds and motion to compel discovery D. holding that review of the denial of a motion to compel arbitration is under the de novo standard E. holding that the plaintiffs reply to the defendants motion to dismiss which did not allege a specific date of discovery was still sufficient to establish a potential defense to the statute of limitations

assistant: The best answer is C. holding that ocga 501319 a permitted judicial review of agencys denial of motion to dismiss on statute of limitations grounds and motion to compel discovery
system: You are a legal assistant. Answer concisely and accurately. When legal text is provided, rely on it and do not invent facts.

user: Read the case excerpt and choose the best holding from the options. Case excerpt: that a barge that housed workers was a vessel. 133 S.Ct. at 743. Moreover, after issuing its decision in Lozman, the Supreme Court denied certiorari to the appellant in Mendez v. Anadarko Petroleum Corporation, discussed supra, who sought to overturn the Fifth Circuit’s determination that the Red Hawk was not a vessel. — U.S. -, 133 S.Ct. 979, 184 L.Ed.2d 760 (2013). The denial of the writ does not establish the Supreme Court’s endorsement of the holding in Mendez. Nevertheless, it is worth noting since the Supreme Court, that same day, cited Lozman in vacating a judgment concerning the vessel status of a casino boat. — U.S.-, 133 S.Ct. 979, 184 L.Ed.2d 760 (2013) (remanding Lemelle v. St. Charles Gaming Company, Inc., 118 So.3d 1, No. 11-255, 2012 WL 130351 (La.Ct.App. Jan. 4, 2012) (<HOLDING>)). The Court therefore finds that the Supreme Options: A. holding that regulatory ban on drift gillnet fishing was not a taking of fishing vessel and gear B. holding that floating casino was not a covered situs C. holding that shoreside quarterboat barge serving as floating hotel was not a vessel D. holding that riverboat casino was not a vessel E. holding that a ship with inoperable engines and no ability to selfpropel was a vessel because it had residual navigational capacity

assistant: The best answer is D. holding that riverboat casino was not a vessel
system: You are a legal assistant. Answer concisely and accurately. When legal text is provided, rely on it and do not invent facts.

user: Read the legal provision and list the applicable contract clause categories. Provision: In the event that the parties are unable to resolve any disputes arising hereunder, such dispute shall be submitted for a binding determination by a neutral third party designated by the office of the American Arbitration Association in accordance with its procedures.

assistant: Arbitration
system: You are a legal assistant. Answer concisely and accurately. When legal text is provided, rely on it and do not invent facts.

user: Read the following Terms of Service clause and list all applicable unfairness categories. If none apply, answer with None. Clause: unless you and we agree otherwise , in the event that the agreement to arbitrate above is found not to apply to you or to a particular claim or dispute , either as a result of your decision to opt out of the agreement to arbitrate or as a result of a decision by the arbitrator or a court order , you agree that any claim or dispute that has arisen or may arise between you and ebay must be resolved exclusively by a state or federal court located in salt lake county , utah .

assistant: Jurisdiction
system: You are a legal assistant. Answer concisely and accurately. When legal text is provided, rely on it and do not invent facts.

user: Read the legal provision and list the applicable contract clause categories. Provision: By the issuance of a Letter of Credit (or an amendment to a Letter of Credit increasing the amount thereof) and without any further action on the part of the Issuing Bank or the Revolving Credit Lenders, the Issuing Bank hereby grants to each Revolving Credit Lender, and each Revolving Credit Lender hereby acquires from the Issuing Bank, a participation in such Letter of Credit equal to such Lender’s Applicable Revolving Credit Percentage of the aggregate amount available to be drawn under such Letter of Credit. In consideration and in furtherance of the foregoing, each Revolving Credit Lender hereby absolutely and unconditionally agrees to pay to the Administrative Agent, for the account of the Issuing Bank, such Revolving Credit Lender’s Applicable Revolving Credit Percentage of each LC Disbursement made by the Issuing Bank and not reimbursed by the Borrower on the date due as provided in ‎Section 2.09(e) , or of any reimbursement payment required to be refunded to the Borrower for any reason. Each Revolving Credit Lender acknowledges and agrees that its obligation to acquire participations pursuant to this ‎Section 2.09(d) in respect of Letters of Credit is absolute and unconditional and shall not be affected by any circumstance whatsoever, including any amendment, renewal or extension of any Letter of Credit or the occurrence and continuance of a Default, the existence of a Borrowing Base Deficiency or reduction or termination of the Revolving Credit Commitments, and that each such payment shall be made without any offset, abatement, withholding or reduction whatsoever.

assistant: Participations
system: You are a legal assistant. Answer concisely and accurately. When legal text is provided, rely on it and do not invent facts.

user: Read the case excerpt and choose the best holding from the options. Case excerpt: (requiring the court to “determine whether the contracting agency provided a coherent and reasonable explanation of its exercise of discretion, and the disappointed bidder bears a heavy burden of showing that the award decision had no rational basis”) (internal- citations and quotations omitted). To overturn an award decision as arbitraiy or capricious, the court must determine that the agency “entirely failed to consider an important aspect of the problem, offered an explanation for its decision that runs counter to the evidence before the agency, or [the decision] is so implausible that it could not be ascribed to a difference in view or the product of agency expertise.” State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 463 U.S. at 43, 103 S.Ct. 2856; see also John C. Grimberg Co., 702 F.2d at 1372 (<HOLDING>). Finally, Plaintiffs allegations that the Options: A. holding that the court may set aside agency action only in extremely limited circumstances B. holding that manifest disregard of the law is one of the very unusual circumstances in which a federal court can set aside an arbitration award C. recognizing that a trial court can set aside verdict D. holding that the trial court was without authority to set aside entry of default on motion to set aside default judgment E. holding that this court will only set aside district courts factual findings when they are clearly erroneous

assistant: The best answer is A. holding that the court may set aside agency action only in extremely limited circumstances
system: You are a legal assistant. Answer concisely and accurately. When legal text is provided, rely on it and do not invent facts.

user: Read the case excerpt and choose the best holding from the options. Case excerpt: relevant post-judgment period from $12,000 to $14,000 per month. We find no merit in this contention, as the trial court did indeed make such a determination as expressly set forth in the final judgment—a determination which Futer-nick and Beber did not contest in their first appeal. 2 . On appeal, Trushina contends that Futer-nick and Beber are not legally entitled to any post-judgment interest. While such a contention may indeed be valid and supported by the Richardson analysis, Tmshina took the position in the trial court that Futemick and Beber were entitled to post-judgment interest at the rate of 1.49%. The trial court agreed with Tmshina, and therefore Trushina could not properly cross-appeal that portion of the trial court’s order. Pope v. State, 441 So.2d 1073, 1076 (Fla.1983) (<HOLDING>) (citing Behar v. Southeast Banks Trust Co., Options: A. holding that defendant may not complain of error he invited and further holding that reversal cannot be based on such error B. holding that invited error does not entitle the defendant to any relief and of which he will not be heard to complain on appeal C. holding that any error was harmless and thus not plain error D. holding a party may not invite error and then be heard to complain of that error on appeal E. holding that a party failing to make a timely objection to evidence at trial cannot as a matter of law be heard to complain on appeal that its admission is error constituting an irregularity in the proceeding

assistant: The best answer is D. holding a party may not invite error and then be heard to complain of that error on appeal
system: You are a legal assistant. Answer concisely and accurately. When legal text is provided, rely on it and do not invent facts.

user: Read the legal provision and list the applicable contract clause categories. Provision: Each Company shall pay on demand all reasonable fees and expenses, including reasonable attorneys' fees and expenses, incurred by the Collateral Agent or Secured Parties in connection with custody, preservation or sale of, or other realization on, any of the Collateral or the enforcement or attempt to enforce any of the Obligations which is not performed as and when required by this Security Agreement.

assistant: Expenses
system: You are a legal assistant. Answer concisely and accurately. When legal text is provided, rely on it and do not invent facts.

user: Read the legal provision and list the applicable contract clause categories. Provision: All real estate taxes, governmental assessments and other similar outstanding governmental charges (including, without limitation, water and sewage charges), or installments thereof, that could be a lien on the related Mortgaged Property that would be of equal or superior priority to the lien of the Mortgage and that prior to the Purchase Date have become delinquent in respect of each related Mortgaged Property have been paid, or an escrow of funds has been established in an amount sufficient to cover such payments and reasonably estimated interest and penalties, if any, thereon. For purposes of this representation and warranty, real estate taxes and governmental assessments and other outstanding governmental charges and installments thereof shall not be considered delinquent until the earlier of (a) the date on which interest and/or penalties would first be payable thereon and (b) the date on which enforcement action is entitled to be taken by the related taxing authority.

assistant: Taxes
system: You are a legal assistant. Answer concisely and accurately. When legal text is provided, rely on it and do not invent facts.

user: Read the case excerpt and choose the best holding from the options. Case excerpt: property of another, personal. injury, forcible entry and detainer, and forcible detainer.” Id. Under the residual statute of limitations, a four-year period applies to “[e]very action for which there is no express limitations period.” Id. § 16.051 (West 2015). A statutory claim to avoid and. rescind an agreement for barratry does not fall into any of the categories of claims governed by the two-year statute of limitations found in § 16.003(a). Nor is such a claim-identified in another statute of limitations.- We-thus conclude that a claim under original Government Code § 82.065(b) is a claim not covered by another, express limitations, period, and thus the four-year residual statute of limitations applies to the Clients’ claims under original § 82.065(b). Cf. Lowrey, 837 S.W.2d at 174 (<HOLDING>). Because the applicable limitations period is Options: A. holding that the uccs fouryear statute of limitations provision which barred an action by the plaintiff did not bar a thirdparty contribution and indemnity claim B. holding that fouryear residual statute of limitations applied to claim for commonlaw rescission C. recognizing a fouryear statute of limitation for fraud claims D. holding that new yorks threeyear residual statute of limitations for personal injury claims not embraced by specific statutes rather than oneyear statute of limitations for intentional torts governed 1983 action E. holding statute that extended statute of limitations for certain criminal sexual conduct could not be applied retroactively to a prosecution commenced after the limitations statute in effect at the time of the alleged offense had expired

assistant: The best answer is B. holding that fouryear residual statute of limitations applied to claim for commonlaw rescission
system: You are a legal assistant. Answer concisely and accurately. When legal text is provided, rely on it and do not invent facts.

user: Read the case excerpt and choose the best holding from the options. Case excerpt: allege any facts that would allow this court to determine that federal officials handle and control MWAA’s operations. To the contrary, the gravamen of Petitioners’ constitutional claims is that MWAA is an unelected entity independent of elected authorities exercising governmental power. Furthermore, the President appoints only three of MWAA’s thirteen board members. The fact that a small minority of the board members are federal appointees is insufficient to establish MWAA as a federal instrumentality. See Chas. H. Tompkins Co. v. United States, 230 Ct.Cl. 754, 756 (1982) (finding, inter alia, three federal appointees out of thirty-five board members was insufficient to establish federal control and, in turn, federal instrumentality status); ef. Lebron, 513 U.S. at 399, 115 S.Ct. 961 (<HOLDING>). As MWAA possesses few, if any, of the Options: A. holding that amtrak is part of the government for purposes of the first amendment because the government created amtrak by special law to further governmental objectives and retained authority to appoint a majority of amtraks corporate directors B. holding that courts should not substitute their judgment for that of the directors of a corporation C. holding that individuals assumption of the role of president of the corporation and her authority to sign documents on behalf of the corporation demonstrate that she had the requisite control over the corporation for purposes of finding individual liability under section 5a D. holding that the action on the part of the corporation in making payments for so long a period without objection constituted a ratification of the agreement by the corporation E. holding that where the government inter alia retains for itself permanent authority to appoint a majority of the directors of a corporation the corporation is part of the government for purposes of the first amendment

assistant: The best answer is E. holding that where the government inter alia retains for itself permanent authority to appoint a majority of the directors of a corporation the corporation is part of the government for purposes of the first amendment
system: You are a legal assistant. Answer concisely and accurately. When legal text is provided, rely on it and do not invent facts.

user: Read the case excerpt and choose the best holding from the options. Case excerpt: As stated above, the Ninth Circuit generally takes a broader view, and often finds that expert testimony is appropriate regarding the objective substantial similarity of literary works. See Olson, 855 F.2d at 1449; Sid & Marty Krofft Television Productions, Inc., 562 F.2d 1157, 1164 (9th Cir.1977). Nonetheless, several Ninth Circuit cases have recognized the limitations of expert testimony in this area. See Rice v. Fox Broadcasting Co., 330 F.3d 1170, 1179 (9th Cir.2003) (upholding the district court’s decision to disregard the parties’ expert reports where the court engaged in an extensive analysis of the alleged similarities in expressive elements of the works and "neither expert opinion [was] very relevant to the conclusions drawn by the court”); Olson, 855 F.2d at 1450-51 (<HOLDING>); Shaw v. Lindheim, 919 F.2d 1353, 1357 (9th Options: A. holding that the district courts decision to discount expert testimony was appropriate where the expert deemphasized dissimilarities between the works and compared scenes a faire B. recognizing that the need for the expert was so great that the decision to preclude the expert effectively amounted to dismissal of case C. holding the district courts decision not to allow an expert to rely on a note found in a hospital record was within the courts discretion because the court found that the note was too unreliable to be used as the basis for an expert opinion D. holding that the admission of expert testimony was prejudicial where the testimony was pervasive E. holding expert testimony on probative similarities between works is unnecessary where the works are not highly technical and the jury is capable of recognizing and understanding the similarities between the works without the help of an expert

assistant: The best answer is A. holding that the district courts decision to discount expert testimony was appropriate where the expert deemphasized dissimilarities between the works and compared scenes a faire
system: You are a legal assistant. Answer concisely and accurately. When legal text is provided, rely on it and do not invent facts.

user: Read the case excerpt and choose the best holding from the options. Case excerpt: pro se from the district court’s summary judgment in favor of defendants in his 42 U.S.C. § 1983 action alleging defendants violated his right of access to the courts by restricting his access to the law library and legal materials and retaliated against him by issuing various reports against him for his protected First Amendment activity. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We review de novo, Toguchi v. Chung, 391 F.3d 1051, 1056 (9th Cir.2004), and we affirm. The district court properly granted summary judgment to defendants on the access to courts claim because the uncontroverted evidence shows that their alleged acts or omissions did not cause dismissal of Adams’s section 1983 action or denial of his habeas petition. See Vandelft v. Moses, 31 F.3d 794, 797 (9th Cir.1994) (<HOLDING>). The district court properly granted summary Options: A. holding that an inmate alleging denial of access to the courts must show an actual injury B. recognizing a right of access to civil proceedings C. recognizing that prisoner alleging inadequate access to courts must show how inadequate access caused actual injury D. holding that denial of access to carbon paper and reproduction equipment and denial of facetoface access to other inmates did not deprive an inmate of his right of access to the courts E. holding that reasonable access includes general facility access without notice and patient access with twentyfour hour notice

assistant: The best answer is C. recognizing that prisoner alleging inadequate access to courts must show how inadequate access caused actual injury
system: You are a legal assistant. Answer concisely and accurately. When legal text is provided, rely on it and do not invent facts.

user: Read the case excerpt and choose the best holding from the options. Case excerpt: focus on conduct, which almost doomed the defendants’ constitutional Challenge from the outset, has returned to extinguish their argument based on R.AV. Because R.AV. does not apply to statutes that are “directed at conduct,” it does not apply to FACE, which is primarily, or 'even entirely, “directed at conduct.” This assumes, however, that our definition of “conduct” has not changed. With respect to the use of force, this seems to be a safe assumption. See, e.g., Mitchell, — U.S. at -, 113 S.Ct. at 2201. Moreover, at least one panel in this circuit has held that a civil rights statute that selectively proscribes threats of force is similarly “directed at conduct” and thus not subject to the R.A.V. general rule. Hayward, 6 F.3d at 1251 (42 U.S.C. § 3631); cf. J.H.H., 22 F.3d at 826 (<HOLDING>); but cf. United States v. Lee, 6 F.3d 1297, Options: A. holding that interference with the right to service in a restaurant is chargeable under 18 usc 241 B. holding that 18 usc 245 a statute passed on the same day as 42 usc 3631 and for similar purposes constituted a valid enactment under congress thirteenth amendment authority as applied to racially motivated interference with federallyprotected rights C. holding that 18 usc 1919 did not implicitly repeal 18 usc 1001 D. holding that a state is not a person under 42 usc 1983 E. holding that 18 usc 241 and 42 usc 3631 fall within separate exception to rav

assistant: The best answer is E. holding that 18 usc 241 and 42 usc 3631 fall within separate exception to rav
system: You are a legal assistant. Answer concisely and accurately. When legal text is provided, rely on it and do not invent facts.

user: Read the legal provision and list the applicable contract clause categories. Provision: Schedule 3.25 sets forth a true, complete and correct description, in all material respects, of all material insurance (excluding any title insurance) maintained by or on behalf of the Borrower or the Subsidiaries as of the Closing Date. As of such date, such insurance is in full force and effect.

assistant: Insurances
system: You are a legal assistant. Answer concisely and accurately. When legal text is provided, rely on it and do not invent facts.

user: Read the legal provision and list the applicable contract clause categories. Provision: The provisions of this Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors and assigns permitted hereby, except that neither any Borrower nor any other Loan Party shall assign or otherwise transfer any of its rights or obligations hereunder without the prior written consent of the Administrative Agent and each Lender and no Lender may assign or otherwise transfer any of its rights or obligations hereunder except (i) to an assignee in accordance with the provisions of paragraph (b) of this Section, (ii) by way of participation in accordance with the provisions of paragraph (d) of this Section or (iii) by way of pledge or assignment of a security interest subject to the restrictions of paragraph (e) of this Section (and any other attempted assignment or transfer by any party hereto shall be null and void). Nothing in this Agreement, expressed or implied, shall be construed to confer upon any Person (other than the parties hereto, their respective successors and assigns permitted hereby, Participants to the extent provided in paragraph (d) of this Section and, to the extent expressly contemplated hereby, the Related Parties of each of the Administrative Agent and the Lenders) any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under or by reason of this Agreement.

assistant: Successors
system: You are a legal assistant. Answer concisely and accurately. When legal text is provided, rely on it and do not invent facts.

user: Read the case excerpt and choose the best holding from the options. Case excerpt: preservation of that collateral. Tex. Bus. & Comm.Code Ann. § 9.207(a) (Vernon Supp.2006). 3 . First State was acquired by State National Bank shortly after Morse’s car titles were delivered to Scarbrough. 4 . Morse, through his attorney, told the trial court that the monies in question were "to be Monte’s [or Scarbrough's] money, but to be there to protect [Morse] in case something went wrong with Monte buying and selling through [Morse’s] line [of credit].” 6 . Our determination would also negate recovery for the damages found by the jury in answer to “Question 7” of the trial court's charge. Those damages evince special damages akin to lost profits that must naturally and proximately flow from the tort. See United Mobile Networks, L.P. v. Deaton, 939 S.W.2d 146, 147-48 (Tex.1997) (<HOLDING>); Harris v. Christianson-Keithley Co., 303 Options: A. holding that the fair market value of a lost license fee may be actual damages within the meaning of 504 B. holding that actual as opposed to special damages arising from a conversion consist of the fair market value of the property converted C. holding that the measure of damages of converted property is the market value at the time of conversion D. holding that the district court correctly ordered that the motor home be forfeited without regard to any increased value that the defendant may have added irrespective of whether the increased value to the converted property is the result of wise investment personal effort by the defendant or by adding the defendants personal untainted funds because the converted property is traceable to the unlawful monetary transaction we conclude that the property is subject to forfeiture under 18 usc 982a1 E. holding that fair market value was proper measure of damages for stock brokers breach of margin agreement caused by sale of plaintiffs shares without authorization noting that generally speaking fair market value is proper measure of damages for breach of contract relating to sale of goods which have an ascertamable value on the market

assistant: The best answer is B. holding that actual as opposed to special damages arising from a conversion consist of the fair market value of the property converted
system: You are a legal assistant. Answer concisely and accurately. When legal text is provided, rely on it and do not invent facts.

user: Read the legal provision and list the applicable contract clause categories. Provision: This IP Assignment may be executed in counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together shall be deemed to be one and the same agreement. A signed copy of this IP Assignment delivered by facsimile, e-mail, or other means of electronic transmission shall be deemed to have the same legal effect as delivery of an original signed copy of this IP Assignment.

assistant: Counterparts
system: You are a legal assistant. Answer concisely and accurately. When legal text is provided, rely on it and do not invent facts.

user: Read the legal provision and list the applicable contract clause categories. Provision: (a) Except as either individually or in the aggregate could not be reasonably expected to have a Material Adverse Effect (i) to the knowledge of each Grantor, the operation of such Grantor’s business as currently conducted and the use of the Material Intellectual Property in connection therewith do not infringe, misappropriate, dilute, misuse or otherwise violate the intellectual property rights of any third party; and (ii) such Grantor is the exclusive owner or joint owner of all right, title and interest in and to the Material Intellectual Property, or is entitled to use all such Material Intellectual Property subject only to the terms of the related IP Agreements.

assistant: Intellectual Property
system: You are a legal assistant. Answer concisely and accurately. When legal text is provided, rely on it and do not invent facts.

user: Read the legal provision and list the applicable contract clause categories. Provision: This Amendment may be executed in one or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original and which together shall constitute one and the same instrument. Such execution and delivery shall be considered valid, binding and effective for all purposes. Once signed, any reproduction of this Amendment made by reliable means (for example, electronic image, photocopy or facsimile) will be considered an original.

assistant: Counterparts
system: You are a legal assistant. Answer concisely and accurately. When legal text is provided, rely on it and do not invent facts.

user: Read the case excerpt and choose the best holding from the options. Case excerpt: has adequately provided the quid pro quo necessary to allow it to assert the worker’s compensation immunity defense. Plaintiffs further contend that state law would prevent the United States from seeking subrogation if they were a private employer, and, therefore, since it is demanding reimbursement for its FECA payments, it cannot also seek the protection of the Worker’s Compensation Act, which would not allow for such a claim. While it is true that generally a private employer in Georgia who pays worker’s compensation benefits to an employee cannot later recover from that employee benefits paid should the employee subsequently recover from a tortfeasor for the same injury, this is not an absolute rule. See Aetna Insurance Company v. Windsor, 133 Ga.App. 159, 210 S.E.2d 373 (1974) (<HOLDING>). On the contrary, state law recognizes the Options: A. holding that the right of the debtor to claim property as exempt is generally determined on the facts as they exist on the date of the filing of the petition B. holding that the right to subrogation generally ceased to exist after the repeal of gacode ann 114403 in 1972 C. holding that if no notice was given prior to the institution of an action a condition precedent to the right to bring the action does not exist and the buyerplaintiff has lost the right of his remedy D. holding without addressing the potential impact of hcfas letter that the repeal of the boren amendment removed a partys ability to enforce any substantive right E. holding that subrogation rights are not security interests under ucc article 9

assistant: The best answer is B. holding that the right to subrogation generally ceased to exist after the repeal of gacode ann 114403 in 1972
system: You are a legal assistant. Answer concisely and accurately. When legal text is provided, rely on it and do not invent facts.

user: Read the case excerpt and choose the best holding from the options. Case excerpt: has “jurisdiction to render judgment on an action by an interested party objecting to ... a proposed award or the award of a contract or any alleged violation of statute or regulation in connection with a procurement or a proposed procurement.” 28 U.S.C. § 1491(b)(1) (2012). A party is an “interested party” with standing to bring suit under' 28 U.S.C. § 1491(b)(1) if the party “is an actual or prospective bidder whose direct economic interest would be affected by the award of the contract.” Orion Tech., Inc. v. United States, 704 F.3d 1344, 1348 (Fed.Cir.2013). A bidder has a direct economic interest if the alleged errors in the procurement caused it to suffer a competitive injury or prejudice. Myers Investigative & Sec. Servs., Inc. v. United States, 275 F.3d 1366, 1370 (Fed.Cir.2002) (<HOLDING>). In a post-award bid protest, the protestor Options: A. holding that an antitrust injury is a necessary element of a 2 claim B. holding that actual prejudice is not a necessary element of an insurers untimely notice defense C. holding that an assertion of prejudice is not a showing of prejudice D. recognizing that allegation of state action is a necessary element of a 1983 claim E. holding that prejudice or injury is a necessary element of standing

assistant: The best answer is E. holding that prejudice or injury is a necessary element of standing
system: You are a legal assistant. Answer concisely and accurately. When legal text is provided, rely on it and do not invent facts.

user: Read the legal provision and list the applicable contract clause categories. Provision: Comply with all disclosure / filing requirements of applicable Law associated with entering into the Facility and comply with all other requirements of all Laws and all orders, writs, injunctions and decrees applicable to it or to its business or property, except in such instances in which (i) such requirement of Law or order, writ, injunction or decree is being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings diligently conducted; or (ii) the failure to comply therewith could not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.

assistant: Compliance With Laws
system: You are a legal assistant. Answer concisely and accurately. When legal text is provided, rely on it and do not invent facts.

user: Read the case excerpt and choose the best holding from the options. Case excerpt: His conduct presented the unequivocal appearance of an attempt, with force and violence, to do physical injury to O’Donnell. Although he did not possess a gun and had no actual ability to harm the officer with a gun, his conduct reasonably and unequivocally denoted an intention and the present ability to harm the officer. This evidence was competent and was not inherently incredible. We affirm the judgment of the trial court. Affirmed. BENTON, J., dissenting. “[I]n the early law a criminal assault was an attempt to commit a battery and that only.” R. Perkins, Criminal Law at 159 (3d ed.1982). Consistent with that view, the common law of assault has long been defined in Virginia as follows: “An assault is an attempt or offer, with force and violence, to do some bodily hurt to anot (<HOLDING>). Because Virginia continues to be guided by Options: A. holding that under the bail reform act for a defendant to have been convicted of two or more offenses constituting crimes of violence offenses must have been committed on different occasions B. holding that plaintiffs did not have standing because they did not sue the party with the clear ability to act C. holding that the offender must have the apparent ability to execute the act constituting the assault D. holding that the trial court failed to exercise its discretion by stating that it did not have the ability to present the transcript to the jury E. holding that to constitute a prior conviction for purposes of the habitual felony offender act the defendant must have been adjudicated guilty before the present crime was committed

assistant: The best answer is C. holding that the offender must have the apparent ability to execute the act constituting the assault