In fact, to explain swelling as well as shrinkage in living cells in various permeant solutes like sucrose, the AI Hypothesis offered a new theory. Its testing and confirmation were conducted on many non-living “extrovert” models 10p107like gelatin, oxygen-carrying linear polymers like polyethylene glycol (PEG) polyethylene oxide (PEO), acid or alkali denatured proteins---models that cause the polarization-orientation of water molecules but not in “introvert” models10p107 including all so-called “native proteins” 79. Figure 15 shows an example. Enclosed in ¼ inch dialysis tubing with both ends tied, the model expanded or shrank in volume in a lasting manner when incubated in dilute and concentrated solutions of sodium citrate, to which the dialysis tubing is fully permeable