Radar for Europa Assessment and Sounding: Ocean to Near-surface (REASON)— the principal investigator is Donald Blankenship of the University of Texas. This dual-frequency ice penetrating radar instrument is designed to characterize and sound Europa's ice crust from the near-surface to the ocean, revealing the hidden structure of Europa's ice shell and potential water pockets within. To ensure effective penetration of Europa's ice, the radar will use two frequencies, 60 MHz and 9 MHz. This instrument will be built by JPL and the University of Iowa