Major human mitochondrial and Y-chromosomal haplogroups, arranged roughly according to geography. Arrows point from ancestral haplogroups to descendant haplogroups. “Y-MRCA” indicates the last universal patrilineal ancestor (“Y-chromosomal Adam”) and “mtMRCA” indicates the last universal matrilineal ancestor (“mitochondrial Eve”). Both types of DNA independently suggest a Subsaharan African origin for our species.