in 1904, Bernardo Balzano was a grocer in Buffalo, New York. On the night of January 22, he was murdered. William Trueman (age 19), John Rousslet (age 15), William Draper (age 16), and Herman Heinberger (age 17) were subsequently arrested. They had been attempting to burglarize the grocery while no one was there, but Balzano had been working late, and Heinberger shot him. Authorities subsequently blamed the criminal behavior on "cigarettes and dime novels".