This hand-colored manuscript map, made by an unknown cartographer sometime in the early 18th century, shows the tributaries of the São Francisco River in Brazil’s Minas Gerais state. The São Francisco River system, which includes 168 tributaries, is the fourth-largest river system in South America. In the early 18th century, the Portuguese sent numerous expeditions up the São Francisco and its tributaries in search of gold, silver, and diamonds. Brazil -- History -- Colonial Period, 1500-1822; Colonial expeditions; Rivers; São Francisco River; Tracks; Trails