Turricephaly commonly referred to as "tower skull", may be caused by a variety of medical syndromes such as Apert, Pfeiffer and Crouzon syndromes. It also one of the most common craniofacial bone abnormalities which occur as a result of Sickle cell diesease. While some authors use turricephaly and oxycephaly interchangeably, others reserve the latter for cases in which, in addition to the elongated skull, the top of the head is also cone shaped.(The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Human Paleopathology p.52)