Another option to reduce the volume of urine and to keep all the nutrients is currently being researched at Eawag, Switzerland: Before the water is evaporated, urine is partially nitrified to nitrate and the pH decreases to values below 6.5. A white solid remains and an odourless clear liquid (the distillate) with ammonia-N content of only around 100 mg/L. This research is funded by Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, and a pilot-scale reactor is being implemented soon.