In no-SCAR genome editing, both the pCas9cr4 and pKDsg-XXX plasmids are sequentially transformed into E. coli cells. Upon induction of the λ-red recombination machinery, linear DNA to be inserted into the E. coli target sequence can be transformed into the cells through electroporation. Expression of Cas9 and sgRNA is induced, resulting in Cas9-mediated cleavage of the targeted E. coli genome and subsequent λ-red-mediated homologous recombination and annealing of the linear DNA to the target sequence.