The first geological (geognostic) maps in Russia were produced in the 1850s. This map of the Irkutsk region was published by the Siberian Department of the Imperial Russian Geographic Society under the leadership of Academician F.B. Schmidt. It shows the location of mines and minerals, caves, gaps, salt deposits, springs, landslides, and patterns of freezing on Lake Baikal. The colors denote different types of rock.