Fridtjof Nansen measuring the deep water temperature with the aid of the water dipper. One of the pictures from the expedition with arctic ship toward the North Pole in the period June 24, 1893 to August 13, 1896. According to the plan, the ship was to drift in the ice with the ocean current from the coast of Siberia across the North Pole to Greenland. The goal, to get to the North Pole, was not reached, but the scientific evidence gathered was of great importance to arctic research.