In south-eastern Africa, Orthetrum julia falsum and Orthetrum stemmale appear similar. The important differences are in wing details shown in these photographs. O. julia falsum (top) has dark subcostal Ax and has one row of cells in the radial planate (generally less than 10 cells doubled - summed over the radial planates of the four wings). This example shows a single doubled cell on each wing. O. stemmale (bottom) has pale subcostal Ax and usually at least ten cells doubled in total over the four wings - this example shows three doubled cells in the radial planate of the forewing. The pterostigma of O. julia falsum is generally dark, whereas that of O. stemmale is pale.