The remains of ramparts moshenskoy pre-Slavic culture of the first Millennium of our era The image of the remnants of pre-Slavic shafts moshenskoy culture of the first Millennium BC in the valley of the Kamenka river, the left tributary of the Oka river. The photo was taken during a visit to the valley on 13 June 2013 for the purposes of inspection of the preserved part of the settlement, presumably, the Finno-Ugric population in the area prior to the Slavs. The photo was taken from the opposite side of the river valley, at the entrance stretching to the village of Apalkova of the Mtsensk district of the ravine.