"Vernichtungslager" Kulmhof in Chelmno was established in November/December 1941 as the first extermination camp of the Holocaust during World War II. The Kulmhof Museum is in the Polish village of Chelmno near the District town of Kolo, 70 km west of Lodz. Chelmno camp was the first camp to use gas vans to commit mass murder in the "Final solution". It was the first death factory.