Historical map of the Joggins sea cliff at Coal Mine Point (Hardscrabble Point), Nova Scotia, including low ridges (“reefs”) which extend from the cliff front into the tidal flat of the Chignecto Bay. These “reefs” are erosional remnants representing those beds within the sedimentary succession of the Joggins Formation which are most resistant to erosion (at the Joggins Cliffs in most cases, as well as at Coal Mine Point, these are sandstone beds). From the ridge labelled as “Lesser Reef” in the map, John William Dawson and allies recovered 25 fossil tree stumps of lycopod trees in 1877, 15 of which contained fossil remains of land vertebrates (tetrapods).