In 1901, Frank C. Andrews was the police commissioner for the city of Detroit, and also a financier working as vice-president at the Detroit City Savings Bank. He embezzled over a million dollars in deposits, which he invested in copper; when the copper market slumped in 1902, the bank failed and all its depositors were ruined. Andrews was arrested, convicted, and imprisoned, but Michigan governor Aaron Bliss controversially paroled him after Andrews had spent a year in prison.