Vietnam circa 1570 showing the Mac in control of the land north of the Red river, and the Nguyen-Trinh alliance in control of the southern part of Vietnam. Map data based on "The Empire of Le Thanh-tong" (from Jonh Whitmore's "The Development of Le Government"; and map found in "Les frontieres du Vietnam"; P.B. Lafont, Edition l’Harmattan, Paris 1989; and maps found in DK Atlas of World History.