Lieutenant Dirk Klop, neutral observer at secret meetings between British officers Captain Sigismund Payne-Best and Major Henry Stevens on one side, and undercover German officers on the other side, was killed on November 9, 1939 during an exchange of fire with a German raiding-squad at a Dutch-German border near Venlo. The raiding-squad captured the two British officers and their Dutch driver. This border incident became known under the name 'Venlo Incident'.